
andreau johnsonche adhyakshapad

andreau johnsonche adhyakshapad 15 april 1865 roji suru jhaale, jevha andreau johnson rashtradhyaksh abraham linken yanchya hatyenantar amerikeche adhyaksh jhaale aanee 4 march 1869 roji sampale. teey keval sahaa aathvade amerikeche upadhyaksh hote jevha teey adhyakshapadavar aale. amerikeche 17weey rashtradhyaksh, johnson heey yadavi yuddhapurvi democratic pakshache sadasya hote aanee 1864 madhye republican aanee yuddh democratschya pathimbyane chalalelya national unionchya tikitavar linkenche sahabhineta hote. yadavi yuddh sampalyanantar johnsonne padbhar swikarla aanee yuddhanantarchya kalat tyachya adhyakshapadache varchasva hote. adhyaksh mhanoon, johnsonne dakshinekadil aanee puranmatvadi uttarekadil lokancha swatacha paksh tayar karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu too tyachya samarthakanna naveen pakshat ekatra aanoo shakala nahee. republican eulysis ess. johnson yanchyanantar grant adhyaksh jhaale.
swatah tenesiche rahivasi asalelya johnsonne, vibhakt jhalelya rajyanna twarit sangharajyat punarsthapit karnyas pasanti dilee. tyanni rashtrapati punarbandhanicha swatacha prakar rabavala-vibhakt rajyanna tyanchya nagri sarkaranchi punarrachana karnyasathi adhiveshan aanee nivadanuka ghenyache nirdesh denanya ghoshananchi eka malika. tyachya yojananni majee gulamanna sanrakshn dile nahee aanee too prajasattak varchasva asalelya congresshee sangharshat aala. jevha dakshinekadil rajye parat aalee, tevha tyanchya anek junya netyanni mukt lokanna anek nagri swatantryanpasun vanchit thevanyasathi kaale niyam parit kele, congresschya prajasattakanni tyaa rajyanmadhil aamdaranna basavanyas nakar deela aanee dakshinet lashkari jilhe sthapan kele. johnsonne tyanchya vidheyakancha nakaradhikar keela aanee congresschya prajasattakanni tyanchyavar maat kelee, jyamule tyanchya urvarit adhyakshapadacha eka namuna tayar jhaala.
johnsonchya krutimule nirash houn congressne rajyanmadhye chaudavya durusticha prastav mandala aanee 1868 madhye durustila manyata denyat aalee. sarkarchya shakhanmadhil sangharsh vadhat asatana, congressne karyalayin kayada manjur keela, jyamule johnsonchya cabinet adhikanyanna kadhoon taknyachya kshamatevar nirbandh aale. jevha too yuddh sachiv edwin stanton yanna barkhast karnyacha prayatna karat rahila, tevha pratinidhi sabhagruhane tyachyavar mahabhiyog chalavala, jyamule too pahila yu.ess. rashtrapatinvar mahabhiyog chalavala jaeel. johnsonne cinetmadhye doshasiddhi aanee padavarun hakalpatti karane agadi qamee pramanat talhale, parantu tyanchya karyakalatil shevatchya varshat tyanni farsa adhikar vaparla nahee. pararashtra dhoranat, johnsonne alaska kharediche adhyakshapad bhushavale aanee tyachya adhyakshapadachya kalat meksikomadhil french hastakshepacha ant jhaala. republican lokanshi sambandh todalyamule aanee rashtriy sanghachya zendyakhali swatacha paksh sthapan karnyat apayashi tharalyanantar, johnsonne 1868 chya lokshahi adhyakshiy namankanachi magani kelee, parantu tyaeivaji teey horatio seamormadhye gele. 1868 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit semorcha anudanane jhalela parabhav uttarekadil prajasattakanna punarachanevar thampane niyantran thevanyas karanibhoot tharala.
jaree itihaskaranchya dunning schoolne tyanna uchch sanman deela asala, taree alikadil itihaskaranni johnsonla congresshee varanvar honanya sangharshansathi, african american lokanchya federal hummy adhikaranna tivra virodh aanee adhyaksh mhanoon samanya akaryakshamatesathi american itihasatil sarvat white adhyakshanmadhye sthan dile aahe.
pravesh.
adhyaksh abraham linken yanni 1860chee adhyakshiy nivadanuk republican pakshache sadasya mhanoon jinkley hotee, parantu yuddh lokshahivadyancha pathimba midvanyachya aashene teey 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit national union partychya zendyakhali ladhale. junmadhye baltimore yethe jhalelya pakshachya adhiveshanat linken yanna sahajpane namankit kele gele, parantu pakshane tenesiche lashkari governor mhanoon kaam karananya yuddh lokshahivadi andreau johnson yanchya bajoone upadhyaksh hannible hamlin yanna tikitavarun kadhoon takale. 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit rashtriy sanghachya tikitane vijay midvalyanantar, johnsonne 4 march 1865 roji upadhyaksh mhanoon shapath ghetali.
14 april 1865 roji, yadavi yuddhachya shevatchya divasant, rashtradhyaksh linken yanna johnn wilks booth yaa sangharajyatil sahanubhooti vyaktinni golya ghaloon pranghatkaritya jakhami kele. tyach ratri linken, upadhyaksh andreau johnson aanee pararashtramantri william seavered yanchya hatyechya katyacha eka bhag mhanoon rashtradhyakshanna golya ghatalya gelya. seavered tyachya jakhmanpasun kvachitach vachala, tarr johnson hallyatoon vachala kaaran tyacha marekari, george etzerodt, uparashtrapatila marnyaivaji daruchya nashet hota. leonard jeey. kirkwood hausache sahkari boarder asalelya farvelne, linkenchya fordchya natyagruhat jhalelya golibarabaddalachya batamine johnsonla jaage kele. johnsonne rashtrapatinchya mrutyushayyevar dhaav ghetali, jithe too paratalyavar thoda vel rahila, tyane aashvasan dile qee, "tyanna yasathi tras hoil. yasathi tyanna tras hoil."dusya divashi sakali 7.22 vajata linken yanche nidhan jhaale; johnson yanchi shapathavidhi sakali 10 teey 11 darmyan sarnyayadhis salmon pii. yanchyasobat jhaali. bahutansh mantrimandalachya upasthitit adhyakshapadacha pathlag karane. vruttapatranni johnsonchya vartanache varnan 'gambhir aanee sanmananiy' asey kele hote. tyachya purvavartinche parthiv daphan karnyasathi eleanoymadhil springfield yethe gharee pathavanyapurvi, johnsonne washingtonmadhil linkenchya antyavidhi sohalyache adhyakshapad bhushavale.
mahadhivakta james speed yanchya soochanenusar, johnsonne linkenchya hatyechya jiwant asalelya kathit gunhegaranvar khatala chalvanyasathi lashkari aayogala parvanagi dilee. sahaa aathvadyanchya khatalyachi sangata chaar prativadinna fashichya shikshesah itaransathi qamee shiksheparyant jhaali. hatyechya ghatananmule, tyanantar aanee nantar, johnson aanee katkarsthanyanni tyachyasathi kaay hetu thewala asava yabaddal andaj lavale gele. tyala pakadalyanantar tyacha jeev vachel yaa vyarth aashene, etzerode katabaddal barech kahee bolala, parantu johnsonchi cutt rachoon hatya karane haah keval eka daav hota heey darshavinyasathi kahihi bolale nahee. cutt rachanare siddhantkar yaa vastusthitikade laksh vedhatat qee hatyechya divashi, booth kirkwoodchya gharat aala aanee tyane tyachi eka card sodali. hii vastoo johnsonche khajgi sachiv william aii. yanna prapt jhaali. tapkiri, eka shilalekhasah, "tumhi gharee aahat qaa? tumhala tras dyayacha nahee. jeey. wilkes booth."
pakshapati sanlagnata.
pakshapati sanrekhan badalat asatana johnsonne padbhar swikarla. majee vigs aanee majee democratsney republican pakshat prabhav padnyasathi sangharsh keela, tarr urvarit uttar democratsney yadavi yuddhachya parshvabhumivar tyanchya pakshachi punarnirdharan karnyacha vichar keela. johnsonchya rajyarohanane yadavi yuddhachya shevati dakshinekadil majee lokshahivadila rashtrapati karyalayamadhye sodale, jyachi tatkal prerana 1860 madhye abraham linken yaa uttar prajasattak pakshachya adhyakshapadachya nivadanukila midali. johnsonne yadavi yuddhachya aadhi vividh karyalayanmadhye lokshahivadi mhanoon kaam kele hote aanee yuddh suru jhalyanantar too dakshinekadil sarvat pramukh sanghvadhyanpaiki eka banala. 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukidarmyan, republican tikitane rashtriy union tikit mhanoon prachar keela aanee national union conventionay johnsonla dakshinekadil pramukh yuddh lokshahivadi mhanoon johnsonchya darjamule mothya pramanat pakshache upadhyaksh umedvar mhanoon johnsonchi nivad kelee. jaree tyanni swatahla kadhihi prajasattakvadi ghoshit kele nahee, parantu jevha johnson yanni padbhar swikarla, tevha tyanna prajasattak pakshat vyapak manyata midali.
johnsonchya punarrachana dhoranane republican pakshatil anekanna patkan door kele, tarr johnsonchya aashray nirnayanni aanee severdsobatchya yuteene anek lokshahivadyanna door kele. sthapit pakshanpaiki konatyahi ekashi yutee karnyaivaji, johnsonne donhi pakshanchya puranmatvadi ghatakancha samavesh asalela eka naveen paksh tayar karnyacha prayatna keela. august 1866 madhye, johnsonne filadelfiyamadhye aaplya samarthakanche adhiveshan aayojit kele. adhiveshanane johnsonchya karyakramala manyata dilee, parantu johnson eka tikau yutee sthapan karoo shakale naheet. tyanchya karyakal sampanyachya sumaras, johnsonne 1868 chya lokshahi namankanacha pathpurava keela, parantu linkansobatchya tyanchya yutimule aanee tyanchya aashray nirnayanmule teey tyaa pakshache anek shatru banale hote.
prashasana.
padbhar swikarlyanantar, johnsonne aaplya purvavartinchi dhorane pudhe chaloo thevanyache vachan dile aanee suruvatila tyanni linkenche mantrimandal kayam thewale. rajya sachiv william savered heey johnsonchya mantrimandalatil sarvat prabhavshali sadasyanpaiki eka banale aanee johnson yanni savered yanna vistarvadi pararashtra dhoran pudhe nenyachi parvanagi dilee. aaplya adhyakshapadachya suruvatilach, johnsonne aapali punarrachana dhorane rabavanyasathi yuddh sachiv edwin stanton yanchyavar vishvas thewala aanee naudalache sachiv gideon wells aanee koshagar sachiv hyoog mccullock yanchehi tyanche anukool mutt hote. postmaster general william denison juniyarbaddal tyanna qamee aadar hota., mahadhivakta james speed aanee antargat sachiv james harlen.
johnsonne congresschya prajasattakanshi sambandh todalyanantar juuna 1866 madhye harlen, denison aanee speed yanni rajinama deela. speedchya jaagi, heinry stanberry, johnsonchya mahabhiyogachya sunavanidarmyan tyacha bachav karnyasathi rajinama denyapurvi johnsonchya mantrimandalatil sarvat pramukh sadasyanpaiki eka mhanoon udayas aala. punarbandhanishi sambandhit matbhed jhalyanantar johnsonne stantonla nilambit kele aanee tyachya jaagi sainyache general eulysis ess. antarim aadharavar anudan. anudanabarobar sangharsh kelyanantar, johnsonne general william tii. laa yuddh sachiv padachi aupher dilee. sherman, jyane nakar deela, aanee laurenzo thomas, jyane swikarla. thomsney kadhihi padbhar swikarla nahee; johnsonne johnn schofield yanchi yuddh sachiv mhanoon, madhyamvargiy prajasattakanshi tadjod mhanoon niyukti kelee.
nyayik niyuktya.
johnsonne aaplya adhyakshapadachya kalat nauu kalam 3 federal nyayadhishanchi niyukti kelee, serve united states jilha nyayalayanmadhye; sarvoch nyayalayat seva denyasathi tyanni nyaymurtinchi niyukti yashasviritya kelee nahee. april 1866 madhye, tyanni sahyogi nyayadhish johnn catron yanchya mrutyunantar sarvoch nyayalayatil rikt jaaga bharnyasathi heinry stanberry yanchi niyukti kelee, parantu congressne 1866 chaa nyayik paripath kayada manjur karoon jaaga kadhoon takali. johnson yanna konatihi niyukti karata yenar nahee yachee khatri karnyasathi, kayadyat ashee tartud dekhil karnyat aalee hotee qee jevha dusra nyayadhish karyalayatun nighun jaeel tevha nyayalay eka nyaymurtikadun sankuchit hoil. johnsonne tyacha greenville sahkari, samuel milligan yachee united states court auph klemmadhye niyukti kelee, jithe tyane 1868 pasoon 1874 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant seva kelee.
yadavi yuddhacha ant aanee gulamgiriche nirmulan.
robbert eae. nantar johnsonne padbhar swikarla. apomatox darbarat leene aatmasamarpan kele, parantu sangharajya sainya maidanat rahile. 21 april 1865 roji, johnsonne aaplya mantrimandalachya ekmatane pathimbyane general eulysis ess. union general william tii. yanchyat jhalela yuddhaviram radd karnyasathi anudan. sherman aanee mahasanghache general joseph eae. johnson. yuddhviramanmadhye vidyaman sangharajya rajya sarkaranna manyata yasarkhya rajkiy paristhitincha samavesh hota. 2 meey roji, johnsonne linkenchya hatyet sameel asalyache anekanna vatananya, mahasanghache adhyaksh jefferson davis yanna pakadanyasathi $100,000chee ghoshana kelee. devisla 10 meey roji pakadanyat aale. mechya akheris, maidanachya antim sangharajya sainyane aatmasamarpan kele aanee johnsonne washington, dii. yethe vijayi lashkari sanchalanache adhyakshapad bhushavale.see. mantrimandal aanee deshatil sarvoch senapatinsobat. done mahinyanpeksha qamee kaal padavar rahilyanantar, johnsonne parabhoot jhalelya sangharajyavar kathor tharel asha vyaktichi pratishtha nirman kelee hotee aanee congress prajasattakanmadhye tyacha aadar uchch rahila.
linkenchya adhyakshapadachya shevatchya divasant, congressne teravi durusti manjur kelee hotee, jyane deshbharat gulamgiri aanee anaichhik dasatva radd kele. december 1865 madhye rajyanchya aavashyak sankhyedvare (tevha 27) yaa durustila manyata denyat aalee, jee amerikechya sanvidhanatil teravi durusti bunley. jaree linkenchya muktichya ghoshanene purvichya mahasanghatil anek gulamanchi sutka kelee asali, taree teravya durustine deshbharat gulamgiri kayamswarupi radd kelee aanee kentkisarkhya simavarti rajyanmadhil gulamanchi sutka kelee.
punarrachana.
yadavi yuddhachya samaptinantar, johnsonla, jyaa rajyanni sangharajya sthapan kele hote tyanche kaay karave yaa prashnacha samna karava lagla. adhyaksh linken yanni virginia, arkansas, louisiana aanee tenesimadhil nishthavant sarkaranna adhikrut kele hote kaaran union tyaa rajyanchya mothya bhagavar niyantran thevanyasathi aale hote aanee konatyahi rajyatil daha takke matdaranni unionla bhavishyatil nishthechi shapath ghetalyanantar nivadanuka ghenyas parvanagi denanya daha takke yojaneche samarthan kele hote. congressmadhil anekanni heey atishay saumya manale. bahusankhya matdaranni nishthechi shapath ghene aavashyak asalele vade-davis vidheyak 1864 madhye congresschya donhi sabhagruhanmadhye manjur jhaale hote, parantu linkanane teey radd kele hote.
johnsonchya rajyabhishekachya velee congressmadhye teen gut hote. kattarpanthi prajasattakanni african american lokansathi matdan aanee itar nagri hakkanchi magani kelee. muktinna muktatebaddal krutadnyata vyakt karoon prajasattakala matdan karnyas pravrutt kele jaau shakate aanee krishnavarniy matey prajasattakanna sattet thevu shakatat assa tyancha vishvas hota. kattarpanthi prajasattakanchi vyakhya, punarrachana, alpasankhyak hakkanche sanrakshn aanee sangharajya sarkarsathi yuddhanantarchya majboot bhoomikechi aavashyakta yaa tyanchya matandware kelee gelee hotee; aarthik babinvar tyanchi eksandh matey navhati. madhyamvargiy prajasattakvadi tyanchya kattarpanthi sahkaanyaaitake african-american matadhikar kalpanebaddal utsahi navhate, ektar tyanchya swatachya sthanik rajkiy chintanmule kinwa tyanna vishvas hota qee mukt vyakti aapala mutt kharab prakare takel. tathapi, african-american lokanna "nammatra swatantrya" peksha jaast swatantrya dile jaeel yachee khatri karnyasathi teey vachanbaddha hote aanee tyanni sangharajyatil adhikanyanna punha sattet aananyas virodh keela. congressmadhil tisra gut, uttar lokshahivadi, dakshinekadil rajyanchya binshart punarsanchayanas anukool hota aanee african-american matadhikarala virodh karat hota.
rashtrapatinchi punarrachana.
johnsonla suruvatila vidhimandalachya hastakshepashivay punarrachana dhoran tayar karnyasathi sodale gele hote, kaaran december 1865 paryant congress punha baithak ghenar navhati. johnsonla asey vatale qee dakshinekadil rajyanni kharokhar sanghatoon kadhihi baher padalele nahee. bandkhoricha parabhav jhalyanantar, tyanna vatale qee dakshinene amerikechya sanvidhananusar samaan bhagidar mhanoon tyanchi jaaga punha ghetali pahije. african-american aanee anek congress prajasattakanchya vinantya asoonahi, johnsonne matadhikarakade rajyacha muddah mhanoon pahile aanee parabhoot dakshinevar vyapak badal ladanyasathi federal shakticha vapar karnyat tyanna rus navhata. tyaeivaji johnsonne kamgar vargatil goryanna abhijat lagwad vargavar maat karnyas madat karnyacha prayatna keela, african american ajunahi dakshinekadil samajatil sarvat khalchya staravar gele.
johnsonne alikadeparyant bandkhori karat asalelya rajyanmadhye sarkaranchi punarrachana karnyasathi twarit karvai karat sampoorn dakshinet rajya sarkare sanghatit karnyacha nirnay ghetala. meey 1865 madhye tyane nathaniel pii. governor james maddison wells yanni majee mahasanghachya adhikadhyanchya niyuktila bankancha virodh jhalyanantar banka louisianamadhil kamandmadhun baher aalya. tyach mahinyat, johnsonne vharjiniyamadhil francis harrison pierpontchya sarkarla manyata dilee aanee william woods holden yanchi uttar carolinacha governor mhanoon niyukti kelee. tyanantar johnsonne itar majee sangharajya rajyanche netrutva karnyasathi rajyapalanchi niyukti kelee. tyanni tyaa rajyapalanchi nivad tyanchya purvichya rajkiy sanlagnata kinwa vichardharecha vichar naan karata kelee, tyaeivaji yadavi yuddhadarmyan sanghaprati asalelya tyanchya nishthevar laksh kendrit kele. johnsonne aaplya rajyapalanvar anek atty ladalya naheet, keval teravya durustichi manyata aanee aliptata adhyadesh aanee sangharajya karj nakaranyachi magani kelee. alabamache governor louis eae. johnsonne niyukt kelelya parsonsney ghoshit kele qee, "federal sanvidhanantargat rajyala asalela pratyek rajkiy adhikar aaj ticha aahe, gulamgirishi sambandhit ekmev apavad vagalata."dakshinekadil rajyapalanni rajya adhiveshananna asey naav dile qee jeey naveen sarkare aayojit karatat aanee naveen nivadanuka mhanatat, jyatoon majee futiratavadi vijayi jhaale. naveen sarkaranni kathor kaale niyam parit kele jyamule gulamgirichi aabhasi punarsthapana jhaali. johnsonne hastakshep karnyas nakar deela, kaaran asha baabee heey sanghiy nasoon rajyavishayak aahet assa tyancha thaam vishvas hota.
johnsonne varanvar friedman beurola kamkuvat karnyasathi kaam kele, jee eka agency hotee jee congressne march 1865 madhye sthapan kelee hotee. yuu. ess. saha.ess. lashkar, friedman beurone dakshinet madat sanstha aanee polis dall mhanoon kaam kele, jeey gore aanee kaale yaa doghannahi madat puravat hote. september 1865 madhye, johnsonne friedman beurocha aadesh radd keela, jyat mukt lokanna sodoon dileli jameen dilee hotee, jyanni tyachi lagwad suru kelee hotee; tyaeivaji johnsonne ashee malmatta tyachya yuddhapoorv malakanna parat karnyache aadesh dile. johnsonne friedmanchya beuro adhikadhyannahi shuddha kele, jyanchyavar dakshinekadil goryanni krishnavarniyanna anukool asalyacha aarop keela hota. friedman beurochya tulanet sainyachya adhikaravar ankush thevanyasathi johnson qamee sakriy hote, parantu yuddh sampalyanantar sainikanchi nasadhus jhalyamule sainyacha prabhav qamee hott asalyache disun aale.
rajya sarkare twarit punarsanchayit karnyabarobarach aanee friedman beurochya kamat hastakshep karnyabarobarach, johnsonne dakshinekadil goryanchi malmatta aanee nagri haqq punarsanchayit karnyacha dekhil prayatna keela. 29 meey 1865 roji johnsonne bahutek majee mahasanghanna maafee deu kelee. yaa aadeshat mahasanghache uchch lashkari aanee nagri adhikari, yuddh gunhegar aanee 20,000 dollarspeksha jaast karpatra malmatta asalelyancha samavesh navhata. 1865 chya uttaradhat aanee 1866 chya suruvatila, tyane niyukt kelelya dakshinekadil rajyapalanchya sallyanusar, johnsonne uchchabhru lagwad vargala maaf kele. tyanantar, johnsonchya purvichya punarrachanechya yojnanviruddha, lagwad karananya abhijat vargane dakshinet mothya pramanat satta punha midavali. bandkhor netyanchya shikshela purvi pathimba asoonahi, dakshin yuddhapoorv abhijat vargala punha sattevar aananyachya johnsonchya nirnayachi prerana nehmich eka goodh gosht rahili aahe, asey phoner namood karatat."phoner assa andaj lavtat qee johnsonla asey vatat hote qee lagwad karnanyanshi yutee kelyas dakshinevar shvetvarniy varchasva sunishchit hoil aanee 1868 chya punarnirvachanachya tyachya prayatnanna chalana milel. johnsonchya 1865 chya rashtrapati punarbandhani karyakramane yadavi yuddhanantar kalya matadhikar lagoo karanyachi konatihi aasha nahishi kelee, kaaran punha sattevar aalele dakshinekadil gore aata yuddhapoorv sthititil vyapak badal swikaranyas tayar navhate.
congresschi punragman.
jaree serve prajasattakanni kalya matadhikarala pasanti dilee nasali taree, kalya sanhita sammat jhalyane aanee majee mahasanghachya netyanchya sattasthapanemule pakshamadhye vyapak aakrosh nirman jhaala. december 1865 madhye paratalyanantar, congressne johnsonchya netrutvakhali sthapan jhalelya sarkaranni nivadoon dilelya dakshinekadil congress sadasyanna basavanyas nakar deela. tyanni republican senator william pii. yanchya netrutvakhali punarachanevar sanyukt samitihi sthapan kelee. tarr, dakshinetil paristhiticha tapas karnyasathi. yaa halchali asoonahi, congressche bahutek sadasya thet adhyakshancha samna karnyas nakhush hote aanee suruvatila tyanni keval dakshinekade johnsonchya dhorananmadhye sudharana karnyacha prayatna keela. trayfoschya matey, "jarr assa ekhada kaal hota jevha johnson republican pakshachya madhyamvargiyanshi karar karoo shakala asata, tarr too congress paratalyanantarcha kaal hota".
eleanoyche sinetara lyman trumbull, madhyamvargiy prajasattakanche nete aanee nyaypalika samitiche adhyaksh, rashtrapatinshi samanjasya sadhanyasathi utsuk hote. tyanni congressmadhye 1867 madhye nirdharit raddabatalatechya palikade friedman beurocha vistar karnare vidheyak tasech nagri haqq vidheyak aanale. nagri haqq vidheykane mool american vagalata, americet janmalelya serve vyaktinna janmasiddh nagrikatva dile aanee ghoshit kele qee konatehi rajya amerikechya moolbhut hakkanche ullanghan karoo shakat nahee.ess. nagrik. trumbullne johnsonla anek vela bhet dilee aanee adhyaksh yaa upayayojananvar swakshari kartil yachee tyala khatri patali. dakshinekadil goryancha anand aanee prajasattak aamdarancha gondhalalelya ragachya bharat, johnsonne 18 februwari 1866 roji friedman beuro vidheykavar nakaradhikar deela. janewari 1866 chya akheris, johnsonla khatri patali hotee qee kattarpanthi prajasattakanshi samna jinkane tyachya rajkiy yojanansathi aavashyak aahe-punarrachanechya yashasathi aanee 1868 madhye punarnirvachanasathi. tyachya nakaradhikar sandeshat, tyane yuktivad keela qee friedman beuro haah federal sattecha asanvaidhanik aanee aviveki vapar hota, aanee pudhe mhatale qee congressne mothya kayadyancha vichar karoo naye, tarr akra majee sangharajya rajyanche congressmadhye pratinidhitva navhate. dusya divashi cinetmadhye jevha tyachya nakaradhikarala mage takanyache paul ayashasvi jhaale tevha johnsonne swatahla siddha manale. johnsoncha assa vishvas hota qee kattarpanthi aata ekte padatil aanee tyancha parabhav hoil aanee tyanchya mage madhyamvargiy prajasattak tayar hotil; tyanna heey samajale nahee qee madhyamvargiyannahi african american lokanna nyayya vaganuk dyaychi aahe.
22 februwari 1866 roji, washingtonchya vadhadivashi, johnsonne white hauskade kooch karananya aanee george washingtonchya sanmanarth bhashanasathi aavahan karananya samarthakanna eka tatkal bhashan dile. tyachya tasbhar chalalelya bhashanat tyane tyaeivaji 200 hoon adhik vela swatacha ullekh keela. adhik hanikarakpane, too 'purush' baddalahi bolala... tarihi 'jyala tyane dakshinekade dilelya maitricha haat too vadhavu shakala nahee' yaa sanghatanecha too virodh karat hota. jevha jamavane tyanna teey kona aahet heey sanganyasathi bolavale tevha johnsonne pensylvania congress sadasya thadius stevens, massatusets sinetara charles sumner aanee nirmulanvadi wendell phillips yanche naav ghetale aanee tyanchyavar tyanchya hatyecha cutt rachalyacha aarop keela. prajasattakanni yaa bhashanakade yuddhachi ghoshana mhanoon pahile, tarr eka lokshahi sahyogine 1866 chya congresschya madhyavadhi nivadnukanmadhye johnsonchya bhashanamule lokshahi pakshala 2,00,000 matey padali assa andaj vartavala.
prajasattakanshi sambandh todane.
friedmanchya beuro vidheykachya nakaradhikaranantarhi, madhyam prajasattakanna aasha hotee qee johnson 1866 chya nagri haqq kayadyavar swakshari karel, jyane prajasattakanchya jawaljawal ekmatane pathimbyane congress manjur kelee hotee. johnsonchya mantrimandalatil bahutansh sadasyanni tyala nagri haqq kayadyavar swakshari karnyache aavahan kele asale taree, rashtrapatinni tyavar nakaradhikar deela, jyamule republican pakshachya madhyam gatashi kayamswarupi sambandh tutale. aaplya nakaradhikar sandeshat, johnsonne assa yuktivad keela qee heey vidheyak goryanviruddha bhedbhav karate aanee sanghiy sattecha dhokadayak vistar karate. teen aathvadyanchya aat, congressne tyacha nakaradhikar radd keela hota, amerikechya itihasatil ekhadya mothya vidheykavar prathamach asey karnyat aale hote. karbharichya matey, 'tyanchya anek paribhashit chukansathi, tyanchya urvarit adhyakshapadasathi congresshee kayamswarupi sangharshacha suur nirman karnara' haah nakaradhikar hota. congressne friedman beuro kayada dekhil dusyanda manjur keela aanee punha adhyakshanni tyala nakaradhikar deela; yaveli, nakaradhikar radd karnyat aala.
johnsonne congresschya punarrachana karyakramat adthala aanalyamule congressche prajasattak santapt jhaale, jyamule akheris tyanchyavar mahabhiyog jhaala. punarrachanevaril ladhaine kattarpanthi aanee madhyampanthi prajasattakanna tatpuratya rajkiy bahumatavar avalambun rahnyaivaji krishnavarniy hakkansathi ghatanatmak hummy midvanyas protsahit kele. gulamgirichya nirmulanachya prakashat kalya matadhikar aanee congresschi vibhagani yaa samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi congressne aadhich sudharanancha vichar karnyas suruvat kelee hotee. aprilchya uttaradhat, punarrachanevaril sanyukt samiteene eka durusti prastavit kelee, jyat congressamoril bahutek pramukh samasyankade laksh dile gele. prastavit durustichya pahilya kalmane sanvidhanat janmasiddh nagrikatvache tattva prasthapit kele aanee rajyanni yogya prakriyechya tattvanche aanee kayadyachya samaan sanrakshanache palan karane aavashyak kele. itar vibhaganni majee sangharajya adhikanyanna tatpurte matadhikarapasun vanchit kele, sangharajya karj bharnyas bandee ghatali aanee purush matdaranni nakarlelya matdanachya sankhyechya pramanat congressche pratinidhitva qamee karanyachi tartud kelee. johnsonne yaa prastavit chaudavya durustila tivra virodh keela, jyala tyanni tyanchya prashasanachya kruticha nishedh mhanoon pahile aanee tyanni yaa upayala virodh karnyasathi aaplya prabhavacha vapar keela. congresschya lokshahivadyancha ekmatane virodh asoonahi, durustine juuna 1866 madhye congresschya donhi sabhagruhanna manjuri dilee aanee rajyanna aupcharikpane manjurisathi prastavit karnyat aalee.
punarrachanevarun johnson congresshee bhidale, tarr majee mahasangh aanee itar dakshinekadil lokanni sanghiy adhikarala virodh karnyasathi aanee tyanche swatache varchasva punha sthapit karnyasathi vadhatya hinsak paddhatincha vapar keela. kayadeshir aanee atirikt kayadeshir madhyamanchya mishranadware, anek african-american lokanna jabardastine shram pranalimadhye bhag ghenyas bhag padale gele jyamule bahutek krishnavarniyanna khyan aarthik swatantryapasun vanchit thewale gele. kharch aanee mothya sainyala lagoon nirman jhalelya chintanmule congressne 54,000 sainikanchya shantikalin sainyala adhikrut kele, jeey 1860chya sainyapeksha tippat hote parantu 1865chya sainyapeksha natyamayaritya lahan hote. atee vistarlelya lashkari dalanni shahare aanee shaharanmadhye suvyavastha rakhali, parantu bahutek grameen bhagatoon maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele. shaharanmadhyehi jamavane african-american, 'carpetbagger' (punarbandhanidarmyan dakshinekade gelelya uttarekadil) aanee memphis dangli aanee nyu orleans dangal yasarkhya ulthapalathimadhye federal sainyavar hallah keela. yaa dangalimule uttarekadil anekanna dhakka basala aanee johnsonchya punarrachana dhorananchi badnami jhaali, parinami dakshinet sangharajyiy upasthiti kayam rakhanyasathi pathimba vadhala.
1866 chya madhyavadhi nivadanuka.
congressmadhye virodhala tond dett, johnsonne november 1866 chya congress nivadanukit aaplya samarthakanna vadhavanyacha prayatna keela. 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukidarmyan republican tikitane jyaa labelver prachar keela hota, tyacha vapar karoon august 1866 madhye johnsonne rashtriy union adhiveshan aayojit kele. 
johnsonla tyachya puranmatvadi samarthakanna eka naveen pakshat ekatra aananyachi aasha hotee, parantu 1866 chya mohimet upasthitanni johnson aanee tyachya dhorananna pathimba denyachya pratidnyenech adhiveshan sampale. savered aanee thurlo tanasarkhe prajasattak samarthak aanee samuel ell. sarkhe lokshahi samarthak. emm. barlo, tyanchya pakshatoon purnapane baher padnyas tayar navhate. adhiveshanantar, johnsonne jordar prachar keela, 'vartulavar swing' mhanoon olakhala jaanara sarvajanik bhashan daura haatee ghetala. shikago, seent yetheel bhashanansah haah pravas. lui, indianapolis aanee columbus heey rajkiyadrushtya vinashkari tharale, kaaran rashtradhyakshanni swatah aanee khrist yanchyat vadgrast tulana kelee aanee vaad ghalananyanshi vaad ghatala. yaa devanghevanivar rashtrapatipadachya pratishthekhali asalyache mhanat hallah karnyat aala. prajasattakanni congressmadhye motha laabh midavala aanee punarachanevar niyantran thevanyachya yojana aakhalya. johnsonne rashtriy sangh chalvalis keval saumya pathimba dilyabaddal democratsna doshi tharavale.
aamulagra punarrachana.
pahila punarrachana kayada.
december 1866 madhye punha ekatra yeuun, eka utsahi congressne anekada rashtrapatinchya nakaradhikaravar kayade manjur karnyas suruvat kelee. februwari 1867 madhye congressne nakaradhikaravarun nebrascala sanghamadhye pravesh deela. parinami, cinetmadhil prajasattak bahumatat done takkyanni vaadh jhaali aanee chaudavya durustila eka manyata mutt midale. johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar manjur jhalelya aanakhi eka vidheykane kolambiya jilhyatil african american lokanna matdanacha adhikar deela. johnsonne colorado pradeshala sangharajyat pravesh denyachya kayadyalahi nakaradhikar deela, parantu congress tyala mage taknyat ayashasvi tharali, kaaran purese synet sadasya sahmat jhaale qee keval 30,000 loksankhya asalela jilha adyap rajyacha darja midvanyas patra nahee.
darmyan, pratyek majee sangharajyatil rajya vidhimandalanni-tenacy vagalata-chaudavya durustila manyata denyas nakar deela. yaa nakaramule congress sadasya thadius stevens yanna dakshinekadil rajya sarkare visarjit karnyasathi aanee marshal low antargat tyanchi paach lashkari jilhyanmadhye punarrachana karnyasathi kayada aananyas pravrutt kele. ghatanatmak adhiveshanannantar rajya sarkaranmadhye sudharana kelya jaatil. african american lock yaa adhiveshananna matdan karoo shakat hote kinwa pratinidhi banoo shakat hote, tarr majee mahasanghanna teey shakya navhate. vidhimandal prakriyedarmyan, congressne vidheyakat eka tartud jodali jyat chaudavya durustila rajyane manyata dilyanantar sangharajyachi punarsthapana karane aavashyak hote. johnson aanee dakshinekadil lokanni tadjodicha prayatna keela, jyadvare dakshinela durustichya sudharit aavruttishi sahmati hoil jyamadhye majee mahasanghanchya apatratecha aanee maryadit krishnavarniy matadhikarancha samavesh navhata. prajasattakanni durustichya sampoorn bhashevar bharr deela aanee karar sampushtat aala. johnsonne 2 march 1867 roji parinami pahilya punarrachana kayadyala nakaradhikar deela, parantu congressne tyach divashi tyacha nakaradhikar radd keela.
congressne johnsonkadoon punarrachaneche netrutva purnapane tabyat ghetalyamule, pahilya punarrachana kayadyane aamulagra punarrachanecha vidhimandal kendrabindu mhanoon kaam kele. jaree johnsonne lashkar aanee friedman beurola aadnya denyache aanee kamkuvat karnyache adhikar kayam thewale asale, taree pahilya punarrachana kayadyane african american lokanchya hakkanche sanrakshn karnyachya aanee majee mahasanghanna rajkiy varchasva punha sthapit karnyapasoon rokhanyachya congresschya kshamatevar bharr deela. kayada sammat jhalyanantar,
african-american lokanni prathamach samoohik nivadnukanmadhye bhag ghenyas suruvat kelee; matdanasathi nondani kelelya krishnavarniy praudh purushancha vaataa 0.5 takkyanvarun vadhala
december 1866 teey december 1867 madhye 80.5% paryant, hii serve vaadh purvichya sangharajya rajyanmadhye hott hotee. democratic pakshavar goryanche varchasva asalyane, african american lokanni mothya pramanat republican pakshat sameel honyacha nirnay ghetala. african-american matdanachya adhikaranche sanrakshn karane aanee majee mahasanghanna matdanasathi apatra tharvanyavyatirikt, pahilya punarrachana kayadyat paach jilhyansathi senapatinchi niyukti karane aavashyak hote, jyat 1866 madhye punha pravesh ghetalelya tenacy vyatirikt serve majee sangharajya rajyancha samavesh hota. samanya anudanasah sallamasalat karoon, johnsonne paach jilhyanna aadesh denyasathi general johnn schofield, daniele sickle, johnn pope, edward aurd aanee phillip sheridon yanchi niyukti kelee.
nantar punarrachana kayade.
johnsonla punarbandhanivar mokalik milanar nahee yachee khatri karnyasathi, jase tyane 1865 madhye kele hote, 39 vya united states congressne eka kayada manjur keela jyane 40 vya congressla december 1867 aivaji march 1867 madhye adhiveshan mhatale, jevha tee sahasa bolavali asatee. 40 vya congressne kelelya pahilya krutinpaiki eka mhanje johnsonchya nakaradhikaravarun dusra punarrachana kayada manjur karane. yaa kayadyat keval tyaa matdaranchya nondanichi tartud hotee jeey sanghaprati nishtha darshavu shakat hote, tasech naveen sarkare tayar karnyasathi rajya adhiveshananche aavahan kele hote.
johnsonche mahadhivakta heinry stanberry yanni thampane sangitale qee, congressne sthapan kelelya lashkari sarkaranaivaji johnsonne sthapan kelelya sarkaranni dakshinet sarvoch rajya kele. johnsonchya avadnyemule aswasth jhalelya congressne johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar tisra punarrachana kayada manjur karnyasathi julaimadhye punha baithak ghetali. yaa kayadyane dakshinetil lashkari sarkaranche varchasva prasthapit kele aanee lashkarala rajya adhikanyanna padavarun hatavanyacha adhikar deela. yuddh sachiv edwin stanton yanni tisya punarrachana kayadyala nakaradhikar denyachya johnsonchya nirnayala virodh kelyanantar, johnsonne stanton kadhoon taknyacha nirnay ghetala, jyamule tyachya adhyakshapadachya uttaradhatil barachsa bhag kharch hoil asha ladhaisathi munch tayar jhaala.
1867 salbhar dakshinechya rajkaranache dhruvikaran pakshapati margane jhaale. bahutek dakshinekadil goryancha lokshahi pakshala pathimba hota, tarr dakshinetil republican pakshat african-american, carpetbagger aanee "scallwag", dakshin goryancha samavesh hota, jyanni mothya pramanat aliptatela virodh keela hota aanee aata teey prajasattakanshi jodale gele hote. 1868 chya suruvatiparyant, texas vagalata pratyek majee sangharajya rajyane eka ghatanatmak adhiveshan bolavale hote aanee naveen rajya sanvidhan tayar kele hote. adhiveshananmadhye prajasattakanche varchasva asalyane, naveen rajya sanvidhananmadhye vansh kinwa malmattecha vichar naan karata purushanna (aaghadichya majee mahasangh vagalata) matadhikar anivarya karnyat aala. punarrachana kayadyannusar, naveen rajyaghatanechi amalbajavani honyasathi bahusankhya nondanikrut matdaranni manyata dene aavashyak hote. dakshinekadil lokshahivadyanni anusamarthan matanvar bahishkar takala aanee kuu clucks klansarkhe gut matdaranchi sankhya dadapanyasathi dahashatvadi mohimanmadhye guntale. februwari 1868 madhye, congressne johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar chauthi punarrachana manjur kelee. yaa kayadyane naveen rajya sanvidhananna matdanasathi nondani kelelya bahusankhyanaivaji matdan karnanyanchya bahumatane manyata denyachi parvanagi dilee.
mahabhiyog.
stanton kadhoon takane.
2 march 1867 roji, rashtrapatinni tyanchyashi sahmat nasalelya cabinet sachivanna kadhoon takanyachi yojana aakhali asalyache soochit karananya vidhananna pratisad mhanoon congressne karyakal kayada manjur keela. yaa kayadyasathi, jyaa rashtrapatinni tyanchi niyukti kelee tyaa rashtrapatinchya karyakalat mantrimandal sadasyanna kadhoon taknyasathi sinetchi manjuri aavashyak hotee. padavadhi kayada tatkal vadgrast tharala; kahee cinetersna too ghatanatmak aahe qee nahee yabaddal shanka hotee aanee kayadyachya atty johnsonla lagoo hotat qaa assa prashna tyanni upasthit keela, jyanche pramukh cabinet adhikari linken holdover hote.
johnsonchya secretory auph warr stantainshee jhalelya sangharshamule padavadhi kayadyachya vaidhatechi chachani ghetali jaeel. johnson yaa doghanchehi kautuk jhaale aanee secretory auph warr stanton yanni tyanna naraj kele, jyanni samanya anudanasah, tyanchya swatachya prashasanatil adhyakshanchya dakshinekadil dhoranala kamkuvat karnyasathi kaam kele. johnsonne stantonla hatavanyacha vichar keela, parantu sachiv mhanoon tyachya yuddhakalin sevebaddal tyacha aadar keela. stantonla, tyachya bajoone, johnsonla tyacha uttaradhikari niyukt karanyachi parvanagi denyachi bheeti vatat hotee aanee tyane tyachya adhyakshanshi sarvajanik matbhed asoonahi rajinama denyas nakar deela. dakshinela adhipatya asalele lashkari adhikari nagri adhikadhyanvar maat karoo shakatat qaa yaa prashnavar 1867chya madhyat johnson aanee stanton yanchyat sangharsh jhaala. rashtrapatinni mahadhivakta stanberry yanni tyanchya bhoomikeche samarthan karnare mutt jaaree kele hote qee teey karoo shakat naheet. 5 august roji, stantonne johnsonchya bhoomikeche samarthan karnyas nakar dilyanantar, adhyakshanni stantonchya rajinamyachi magani kelee. congress adhiveshan sampale asatana sachivanni rajinama denyas nakar deela. tyanantar johnsonne padavadhi kayadyantargat parvanagi dilyapramane, congresschya pudhil baithakiparyant tyanna nilambit kele. lashkarache netrutva karat asatana tatpurati badali mhanoon kaam karnyas anudanane sahmati darshavali.
jaree prajasattakanni tyanchya krutibaddal santap vyakt keela asala, taree 1867 chya nivadanuka samanyatah lokshahit jhalya. matdanat congressmadhil ekahi jaaga thet nivadoon aalee nahee, parantu democratsney ohayo sarvasadharan sabhevar niyantran midavale, jyamule tyanna johnsonche sarvat majboot virodhak, sinetara benjamin vede yancha punha nivadanukit parabhav karata aala. ohayo, connecticut aanee minnesota yetheel matdaranni african american lokanna matdan denyache prastav nakarle. pratikool nikalanmule nivadanuk nikalanmule anandi jhalelya johnsonver mahabhiyog chalavanyachya republicanchya aavahananna kshanardhat viram lagla. tathapi, novembermadhye ekada congresschi baithak jhaali qee, nyaypalika samiteene swatahla ulatavale aanee johnson yanchyavirodhat mahabhiyogacha tharav manjur keela. rashtrapatinni kelele kahee kaam haah uchch gunha kinwa gairvartan, sanvidhanantargat mahabhiyogacha manak hota qee nahee, yaa byanch vadavivadanantar, haah tharav pratinidhinchya sabhagruhat parabhoot jhaala.
johnsonne stantonchya nilambanachi aanee anudanachya antarim niyuktichi mahitee congressla dilee. janewari 1868 madhye, sinetane tyachya kruteela nakar deela aanee adhyakshanni karyalay kayadyachya karyakalanche ullanghan kele aahe assa yuktivad karoon stantonla punha bahal kele. johnsonchya aakshepavarun, grantne yuddh sachivpadacha rajinama deela, jyamule doghanmadhye sampoorn break jhaala. tyanantar johnsonne stantonla baad kele aanee stantonchya jaagi laurenzo thomsla niyukt kele. stantonne tarihi aapale karyalay sodanyas nakar deela aanee 24 februwari 1868 roji, sabhagruhane 128 viruddha 47 matanni, karyalayin kayadyache jaanunbujun ullanghan kelyabaddal rashtrapatinvar mahabhiyog keela. tyanantar sabhagruhane mahabhiyogache akra lekh sweekarle, bahutek bhag tyanni karyalayin kayadyachya mudatiche ullanghan kelyacha aarop keela aanee congresschya vaidhatevar prashnachinh upasthit kele. asha prakare johnson pahila yuu banala.ess. adhyakshanvar kongreskadoon mahabhiyog chalavala jaeel.
mahabhiyog khatala.
5 march 1868 roji cinetmadhye mahabhiyogachi sunavani suru jhaali. congressche sadasya george ess. boutwell, benjamin butler aanee thadius stevens yanni gharache vyavasthapak kinwa abhiyojak mhanoon kaam kele, tarr william emm. ewarts, benjamin aar. curtis aanee majee mahadhivakta stanbury heey johnsonche vakeel hote. mukhya nyayadhish chez yanni pithasin nyayadhish mhanoon kaam kele. bachav paksh haah keval sadhyachya prashasanachya niyuktinna lagoo karananya karyalay kayadyachya mudatichya tartudivar avalambun hota. linkanane stantonchi niyukti kelyamule, bachav pakshane asey mhatale qee johnsonne kayadyache ullanghan kele nahee; tyanni assa yuktivadahi keela qee adhyakshanna congresschya kayadyachya ghatanatmakatechi chachani ghenyacha adhikar aahe. johnsonchya vakilane aagrah dharala qee too khatalyat hajar rahnar nahee, kinwa karyavahibaddal sarvajanikaritya bhashya karnar nahee aanee eprilmadhil done mulakhati vagalata tyane tyache palan kele.
padadyamagoon, johnsonne nirdosh muktata midvanyasathi davpech kele; udaharanarth, tyane ayova senator james doubleu. congresschya punarrachanechya prayatnanmadhye teey hastakshep karnar naheet ashee khilli udavatat. grimsney mitvadyanchya eka gatala sangitale qee rashtrapati aapala shabd palatil assa tyancha vishvas aahe. johnsonne aadaraniy johnn schofield yanna yuddh sachiv mhanoon niyukt karnyache aashvasan dile. cancesche sinetara edmond jee. rossla aashvasan midale qee dakshin carolina aanee arkansasmadhye manjur karnyat aalelya naveen, aamulagra-prabhavit sanvidhananna vilamb naan karata congressmadhye pathvile jaeel, hii karvai tyala aanee itar cinetersna nirdosh muktatesathi matdan karnyasathi rajkiy sanrakshn deil. itar ghatakannihi johnsonchi nirdosh muktata karnyas anukulata darshavali. jarr tyanna padavarun hatvale gele asate, tarr johnson yanche uttaradhikari ohayo sinetche 'pro tempore' adhyaksh sinetara waid jhaale asate. vade, eka langada badak, jyacha karyakal 1869 chya suruvatila sampanar hota, too eka kattarpanthi hota, jyane mahilanchya matadhikarasarkhya upayayojananna pathimba deela, jyamule too deshachya bahutek bhagat rajkiyadrushtya qamee darjachya palikade gela. yavyatirikt, anek prajasattakanni 1868 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit anudan vijayasathi sambhavya adthala mhanoon adhyakshanna pahile.
karar kartana, johnsonla nikalachya aadhi nikalacha vishvas hota aanee matpatrikechya aadhichya divasant, vruttapatranni vrutt dile qee stevens aanee tyachya kattarpanthi lokanni haar manali aahe. 16 meey roji, sinetane mahabhiyogachya 11 vya kalmababat matdan kele, aanee sinetane tyache nilamban mage ghetalyanantar johnsonver kayadyachya padachya mudatiche ullanghan karoon stantonla golya ghalalyacha aarop keela. 35 synet sadasyanni 'doshi' aanee 19 'doshi naheet' asey mutt dile aanee asha prakare synet sanvidhanantargat doshasiddhisathi aavashyak asalelya done trutiyansh bahumatachya eka matane qamee padale. saat prajasattak-senators grimes, ross, trumbull, william pitt facenden, joseph ess. fowler, johnn bii. henderson aanee pieter jee. vanne winkle-rashtrapatinna nirdosh mukt karnyasathi matdan kartana tyanchya lokshahi sahkayansobat sameel jhaale. matdananantar, sinetane republican rashtriy adhiveshanasathi tehkoob kele, jyane adhyakshapadasathi anudan namnirdeshit kele. synet 26 meey roji paratali aanee samaan 35-19 nikalansah dusya aanee tisya kalmanvar matdan kele. tyaa parinamanna tond dett, johnsonchya virodhakanni haar manali aanee karyavahi fetalali. 26 meey roji stantonne aapale padd "sodale" aanee tyanantar sinetane schofieldla yuddh sachiv mhanoon pushti dilee jevha johnsonne sanrakshn vyavasthapak mhanoon seva dilyanantar atterney general mhanoon aaplya padavar parat yenyasathi stanberryla punha namankit kele, tevha sinetane tyala pushti denyas nakar deela.
lachkhoricha nikal khatalyacha nikal tharvato asey aarop veloveli aanee nantar punha kele gele. teey suru asatana dekhil, pratinidhi butlerne tapas suru keela, sunavani kelee aanee ahwal jaaree keela, jyala itar konatyahi congress sadasyane manyata dilee nahee. butlerne newyorkmadheel 'ester haus group' varr laksh kendrit kele, jyache netrutva rajkiy boss aanee sampadak thurlo tann karat asalyache manale jaate. yaa sanghatnene johnsonla nirdosh mukt karnyasathi cincinnati vakeel charles wooley yanchya madhyamatoon viskeechya hitsambandhanmadhun cinetersna laach denyasathi mothya pramanat paise gola kele asey mhatale jaate. butlerne jevha prashnanchi uttare denyas nakar deela, parantu lachkhori siddha karnyat too ayashasvi jhaala, tevha too rajdhanichya imaratit lokarila qaid karnyaparyant gela.
parinam.
tyanchya karyakalatil urvarit mahinyanmadhye, johnson heey sarvajanik dhoranavar farsa prabhav nasalele eka swatantra vyakti hote. mahabhiyogachya matdananantarchya kahee mahinyant, congressne saat dakshinekadil rajyanna punha pravesh deela jyanni naveen sanvidhan lihile hote aanee chaudavya durustila manyata dilee hotee. 1868 madhye kinwa bhavishyatil nivadnukanmadhye hii dakshinekadil rajye african-american lokanna matdanacha adhikar nakartil ashee kattarpanthi prajasattakanna bheeti vatat asalyane, tyanni pandharavya durusticha masuda dekhil tayar keela, jyat 'vansh, rung kinwa purvichya gulamgirichya atichya aadhare matdanachya nirbandhanvar bandee ghalanyat aalee."congressne dakshinekadil rajyanchya punha praveshasathi johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar, tasech adyap punarrachana naan jhalelya rajyanna nivadanuk matey nakarnanya vidheykachya nakaradhikaravar bahishkar takala. julai 1868 madhye tehkoob honyachya kahee kaal aadhi, congressne chaudavya durustila sanvidhanacha bhag ghoshit karnara samvarti tharav swikarla, kaaran aavashyak sankhyene rajyanni durustila manyata dilee hotee. johnsonne tyachya dhorananche ullanghan kele tarr septembermadhye punha baithak bolavanyachya tartudi jaree tyanni kelya, taree 1868 chya nivadanukiparyant congress punha ekatra aalee nahee.
itar deshantargat dhorane.
koshagar dhorane.
yadavi yuddhala pramukhyane alpakalin aanee dirghakalin rokhe aanee karje, tasech kagadi paishanchya chhapaimule honari chalanwadh aanee naveen curr jaaree karoon arthsahayya kele gele hote. ghauk kimmati duppat jhalya hotya aanee chalanvadhichi ghat heey koshagar sachiv hyoog mccullock yanche pradhanya hote. chalan prashna haah sarvoch pradhanyakram hota aanee aataparyantcha sarvat vadgrast prashna hota. sarkari bankankadoon jaaree kelele june kagadi chalan mage ghenyat aale hote aanee sangharajyiy chalan nirupayogi hote. rashtriy bankanni 20.7 kotee dollarche chalan jaaree kele hote, jyala sone aanee chandicha aadhar hota. federal treasuryne $428 dashalaksh greenback jaaree kele hote, jeey kayadeshir nivida hote parantu sone kinwa chandine samarthit navhate. yavyatirikt sumare 27.5 kotee dollarsche naane prachalit hote. congressne matdan kele tarr octobermadhye jaheer kelele naveen prashasakeey dhoran serve kagadanna prajatinmadhye rupantarit karane asel. pratinidhi sabhagruhane 18 december 1865 roji 144 viruddha 6 matanni santh tharav manjur keela. cinetmadhye hii eka vegali baab hotee, kaaran pramukh kheladu sinetara johnn sherman hote, jyanni mhatale qee chalanvadhicha aakunchan haah alpakalin aanee dirghakalin rashtriy karjachya paratavyaitka mahattvacha navhata. curr aanee chalanvadhivyatirikt, yuddhala mothya pramanat rashtriy karjane arthsahayya kele gele hote. rashtriy karj 2.8 abj dollars itake hote. aktoobar 1865 paryant, tyateel bahutansh alpakalin aanee tatpuratya karjanmadhye hote. jeey cook yanni darshavilelya wall street bankersna asey vatale qee, gharbaslya kayadyadvare sheticha vikas, railwaymargancha vistar, visheshtah uddhvast jhalelya dakshin railwaymarganchi punarbandhani aanee paschim kinanyaparyant aantarkhandiy marg ughadane aanee visheshtah yuddhadarmyan utpadanachi bharbharat yamule arthvyavastha vegane vadhanar aahe. greenbachya tulanet lakshya hapte heey greenbackmadhye ekashe 145 dollar teey sonyat 100 dollar hote aanee aashavadi lokanna vatale qee samruddhichya yugat chalanachi mothee magani praman 100 paryant parat karel. april 1866 madhye eka tadjod karnyat aalee, jyamule sahaa mahinyant khajinyat keval eka kotee dollarchya chalanachya aakunchanala maryadit kele gele. darmyan, sinetane sampoorn rashtriy karj parat kele, parantu sabhagruh karvai karnyat ayashasvi tharale. 1867 chya suruvatiparyant, yuddhanantarchi samruddhi eka vastav hote aanee aashavadi lokanna aakunchan sampavayache hote, jyache aadesh congressne janewari 1868 madhye dile hote. darmyan, alpakalin karjachya mobadalyachya punarvittasathi koshagarane qamee vyajdarane naveen rokhe jaaree kele. junya sarkari banq nota chalanatun gayab hott asatana, prajatinchya pathimbyane naveen rashtriy banq nota vistarat hotya. 1868 paryant chalanwadh kiman hotee.
jameen aanee kamgar dhorane.
juuna 1866 madhye, johnsonne sadarn homestead kayadyavar swakshari kelee, yaa aashene qee kayada garib goryanna madat karel. jaree kahee majee gulamanna yaa kayadyacha fayda jhaala asala, taree sumare 28,000 jaminichya davyanche yashasviritya paytant ghenyat aale, fasavanuk mothya pramanat hotee aanee bahutansh sarvottam jameen relvemargansathi rakheev hotee. juuna 1868 madhye, johnsonne congressne manjur kelelya kayadyavar swakshari kelee, jyane federal sarkardware niyukt kamgar aanee yantrikisathi aath tasancha kamacha divas sthapit keela. jaree johnsonne baltimoremadhil kamgaranchya pakshachya shishtmandalachya sadasyanna sangitale qee too thet aath tasanchya divasasathi swatahla samarpit karoo shakat nahee, taree tyane tyach shishtamandalala sangitale qee too "sarvanchya hitsambandhanshi susangat asalelya tasanchya sarvat qamee sankhyela" khoop pasanti deto."richard eff. matra, pagarat 20 takkyanni kapat karnyat aalyane yaa kayadyamagil changle hetu 'lagech nirash' jhaale.
nebrasca rajya.
juuna 1866 madhye, nebrasca pradeshachya matdaranni masuda sanvidhanala alpamatane manyata dilee; tyateel eka tartudine pandhya purushanna matdanacha adhikar maryadit keela. nebrascala sanghamadhye pravesh denyasathiche vidheyak nantar congressmadhye sadar karnyat aale, jithe naveen sanvidhanatil 'shwet matadhikar' khandala virodh karananya prajasattakanchya tasech dusya prajasattakchya balekillyala rajya darja denyas ichchuk asalelya lokshahivadyanchya kahee virodhanantarhi, julaichya akheris adhiveshan sampanyapurvi teey swikaranyat aale. congressne tehkoob kelyanantar adhyaksh johnson yanni vidheykala nakaradhikar deela.
december 1866 madhye congresschi punarrachana jhalyanantar lagechach yaa samasyeche nutanikaran karnyat aale. yaveli, tathapi, senator george eff. edmondsney vansh kinwa rangavar aadharit matdanachya nirbandhanviruddhchya bandichya pradeshadvare swikrutivar prabhavipane rajyacha darja nishchit keela. yaa durustila kattarpanthi prajasattak aanee itarancha pathimba midala, jyanna purvichya sangharajya rajyanvar ashach atty ladanyachi aasha hotee. parantu lokshahivadi aanee johnson yanni yaa paristhitila ghatanatmak aadharavar virodh keela, tyamule tyavar teeka jhaali. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee federal sarkar matadhikarasathi tyanchi swatachi patrata sthapit karnyachya rajyanchya adhikarache ullanghan karoo shakat nahee. rajyacha muddah haah sangharajyavadacha prashna banala hota, tasech adhyaksh aanee congress yanchyat rassikhech jhaali hotee. johnsonchya aakshepannantarhi, congressne janewari 1867 madhye nebraskasathi pravesh kayada manjur keela. johnsonne tyach mahinyat yaa upayala nakaradhikar deela. nebrasca rajyatva vidheykavar johnsonne nakaradhikar dilyanantar done aathvadyanpeksha qamee kalavadhit, congresschya donhi sabhagruhanni tyavar bahishkar taknyasathi mothya pramanat matdan kele. pradeshik vidhimandalane edmonds durustidware ladaleli aut twarit sweekarli, asha prakare matdanavaril vanshik nirbandh door kele. 1 march 1867 roji, nebrasca heey vhitochya madhyamatoon sangharajyat pravesh midavanare pahile aanee aajahi ekmev rajya banale.
pararashtra dhoran.
mexico.
heey monro siddhantanche asvikarya ullanghan aahe assa amerikecha ishara asoonahi francene 1863 madhye dusare mexican samrajya sthapan kele hote. french sainyane mexicocha samrat maximilian pahila yala pakadale aanee benito jurezchya netrutvakhalil sthanik rajkiy virodhakancha parabhav keela. ekada mahasanghacha parabhav jhalyanantar, johnson aanee grant yanni francechya maghar ghenyachya maganivar jore denyasathi 50,000 ladhau diggajansah general phil sheridon yanna texas-mexico simevar pathavale. johnsonne juarezla shastre puravali aanee naudal nakabandi kelee. pratyuttarat, napolean tisra yane johnson prashasanala sangitale qee tyache serve sainya november 1867 paryant gharee aanale jaeel. maximilianla akheris pakadanyat aale aanee juuna 1867 madhye tyala fashi denyat aalee.
vistarvad aanee alaska kharedi.
savered vistarvadi hota aanee tyane amerikesathi pradesh midvanyachya sandhee shodhalya. 1867 madhye, tyanni denmarkshee 75 laakh dollarla danish west indies kharedi karnyasathi kararavar vataghati kelya, parantu sinetane tyala manyata denyas nakar deela. sewardne alabamachya davyanchya virodhat eka vyapar mhanoon british kolambiya midvanyacha prastavahi mandala, parantu britishanna yaa prastavat rus navhata. prashant mahasagaratil nirjan wake betavar american dawa karnyat savered yashasvi jhaala, jyavar yuu. ess. adhikrutpane dawa karel.ess. 1898 madhye.
1867 paryant, russian sarkarne aapali uttar american vasahat (aajchi alaska) aarthik jababdari mhanoon pahili aanee brittenshee yuddh suru jhalyas akheris tee gamavanyachi bheeti vyakt kelee. russian mantri edward dii stoacle yanna alaska americela vikanyachya soochana denyat aalya aanee tyanni kushalatene asey kele aanee sewardla tyancha prarambhik prastav $50 lakhanvarun $7.2 lakhanparyant vadhavanyasathi patvoon dile. hii rakkam sadhyachya drushtine $$chya samatulya chalanvadhishi julavun ghetali aahe. 30 march 1867 roji, dii stoacle aanee savered yanni kararavar swakshari kelee aanee adhyaksh johnson yanni sinetche adhiveshan bolavale aanee tyanni alaska kharedila 37-2 matane manyata dilee. jaree kahee bhaganmadhye 'sewardcha murkhapana' mhanoon upahas keela gela asala, taree american janmat samanyatah saudebajichya kimmatit aarthik laabh milanyachya sambhavyatechya babatit, rashiyachi maitri tikavoon thevanyasathi aanee britishanchya vistarala adthala aananyachya babatit barech anukool hote.
aanakhi eka ayashasvi jhalela karar mhanje johnson-clarendon karar, jyane british nirmit confederate redarkadoon american jahajanna jhalelya nukasanisathi, 'alabama' davyanchya todgyasathi vataghati kelya. 1868 chya uttaradhat, amerikeche mantri, marylandche majee sinetara reveredy johnson yanni brittenshee vataghati karoon, johnsonchya urvarit karyakalat sinetane tyakade durlaksh kele. tyanni padd sodalyanantar haah karar nakarla gela aanee anudan prashasanane nantar amerikesathi lakshaniy changlya attins kararavar vataghati kelya.
phenian reds.
phoenions yaa gupt ayrish catholic dahashatvadi sanghatnene canadavar aakraman karnyachya tayarisathi nagri yuddhatil diggajanmadhye mothya pramanat bharati kelee. brittenla irelandla swatantrya denyas bhag padane heey yaa gatache uddisht hote. phenian lokanni hajaro sadasyanchi ganana kelee, parantu tyanchyakade eka gondhalaleli kamand rachana, pratispardhi gut, aparichit naveen shastre aanee tyanchya shrenitil british agent hote jyanni canadian lokanna savadh kele. tyanche aakraman sainya khoop lahan hote aanee tyanche netrutva kharab hote. anek prayatna aayojit kele gele, parantu teey ektar shevatchya kshani radd karnyat aale kinwa kahee tasantach ayashasvi jhaale. 31 meey, 2 juuna 1866 roji sarvat motha chhapa padala, jevha sumare 1000 phenian lokanni niyagra nadee olandali. canadian lokanna purvasoochana denyat aalee hotee aanee 20,000 hoon adhik canadian nagri sainya aanee british niyamit baher aale. donhi bajunche kahee purush marle gele aanee fanny lock lavkarach gharee paratale. johnson prashasanane suruvatila american tatasthateche heey ullanghan shantpane sahan kele, parantu 1867 paryant, yu. ess. pathvile.ess. pudhil phenian halle rokhanyasathi sainya. 1870 madheel dusra hallah vermontsathichya united states marshalne todala.
1868 chee nivadanuk aanee sankraman.
eulysis ess. nivadanukipurvichya done varshant anudan heey sambhavya prajasattak adhyakshapadache umedvar mhanoon udayas aale. jaree tyane stantonla yuddh sachiv mhanoon badalanyas sahmati darshavali asali taree, punarrachana aanee itar muddyanvar johnsonshey vibhajan kele. prajasattakanmadhye anudanala itka motha pathimba hota qee, teey anudanala adhyaksh bananyapasun rokhel yaa bhitimule congressmadhil anek jann johnsonver mahabhiyog karnyas nakhush hote. anudanala pramukhyane pakshachya madhyampanthi shakhekadun pathimba midala, kaaran anek kattarpanthi prajasattakanna ashee bheeti hotee qee anudan karyalayamadhye puranmatvadi dhoranancha pathpurava karel. 1868 chya prajasattak rashtriy adhiveshanane pakshache adhyakshapadache umedvar mhanoon anudan aanee upadhyaksh mhanoon sabhagruhache adhyaksh scular coalfax yanchi nivad kelee. kadachit johnsonla doshi tharvanyat congress apayashi tharalyane, pakshachya manchane sarvatrik purush matadhikarala manyata dilee nahee.
swatacha paksh tayar karnyat apayashi tharalyanantar, johnsonne julai 1868 madhye newyorkmadhye 1868 chya lokshahi rashtriy adhiveshanadvare namankan magitale. johnson dakshinekadil goryanmadhye khoop lokpriy rahila aanee adhiveshanachya agadi aadhi, konatyahi mahasanghachya virodhat faujdari karvaichi shakyata sampavanyasathi maafee jaaree karoon tyane tee lokpriyata vadhavali, jyacha arth assa qee keval davis aanee itar kahee jananvar ajunahi khatala suru asoo shakato. johnson vyatirikt, lokshahi namankanachya itar davedaranmadhye ohayoche majee pratinidhi george etch. yancha samavesh hota. pendaletan, jyala punarbandhanichi tulanene kalji navhati aanee greenbachya satat vaparavar tyache aavahan kendrit kele, newyorkche majee governor horatio semore, jyanna pakshachya puranmatvadi aasthapanecha pathimba hota parantu sharyatit pravesh karnyas anichha hotee aanee mukhya nyayadhish salmon chez. adhiveshanachya pahilya matpatrikevar, johnson pandletonnanter dusya kramankavar rahila aanee matpatrake paas jhalyamule johnsoncha pathimba qamee jhaala. 22vya matpatrikevar saymorne namankan jinkale, tarr johnsonla keval chaar matey midali, serve matey tenesikadun midali. uparashtrapatipadasathi, democratsney francis preston blair junier yanna namankit kele.dakshinatil sarkarancha naash karnyasathi sainyacha vapar karnyachya vachanavar moheem chalavanaya, jyache netrutva 'krishnavarniyanchya ardh-berber vanshane' kele hote, jyanni 'shvetvarniy mahilanna tyanchya nirankush vasanekhali aananyacha prayatna keela."
lokshahi pakshachya manchane johnsonchya adhyakshapadacha sweekar keela aanee "rajyanchya aanee lokanchya ghatanatmak hakkanvaril congresschya aakramanacha pratikar karnyachya" deshbhaktipar prayatnambaddal tyanche aabhar manale."taridekhil, johnson tyachya parabhavanantar santapala aanee tyachya kahee samarthakanni tisra paksh sthapan karanyachi soochana kelee. saymorchya karyakartyanni johnsoncha pathimba magitala, parantu johnson bahutek adhyakshiy pracharasathi gup rahile. octoberparyant, kahee rajyanmadhye aadhich matdan jhaale asalyane, johnsonne seamorcha ullekh keela navhata aanee tyane tyala kadhihi pathimba deela navhata. hii moheem mukhyatve punarachanevar kendrit hotee aanee anek lokshahivadyanna aasha hotee qee eka tivra vijayamule punarrachana aanee kalya matadhikarancha ant hoil.
lokpriy matanpaiki 52.7% aanee matdar matanchya 214 paiki 214 matey ghet grantne nivadanuk jinkley. nivadanukit sampoorn dakshinela hinsacharachi eka naveen laat disali, kaaran kuu clucks clan aanee itar gatanni punha kaale mutt dadapanyacha prayatna keela. semorne georgia aanee louisiana jinkale, parantu anudanane urvarit majee sangharajya rajye jinkley jee sangharajyat punarsanchayit karnyat aalee hotee. jaree semorne tyache mool rajya newyork jinkale asale taree anudanane uttarekadil bahusankhya rajye dekhil chalavali.
johnsonne grantchya vijayabaddal khed vyakt keela, kahee pramanat kaaran stanton afearbaddalcha tyancha dvesh. decembermadhye congressla dilelya varshik sandeshat, johnsonne padavadhi kayada radd karnyache aavahan kele aanee aamdaranna sangitale qee, tyanni 1865 madhye tyanchya dakshinekadil sahakanyanna pravesh deela asata, tarr serve kahee theek jhaale asate. 1868 chya khrisamasachya divashi, johnsonne antim maafee jaaree kelee, jyat jefferson davis sarvancha samavesh hota. tyanni tyanchya karyakalatil shevatchya mahinyant, eka dow. saha gunhyansathi maafee dekhil jaaree kelee. samuel mudd, jyala linkenchya hatyet sahbhagi asalyabaddal vadgrastaritya doshi tharvanyat aale (tyane boothcha tutalela paay thewala hota) aanee floridachya koradya tortugamadhye qaid karnyat aala. februwari 1869 madhye congressne pandharavya durustila manjuri dilee aanee tee rajyankade manjurisathi pathavali. 4 march 1869 roji, tyanchya adhyakshapadachya shevatchya divashi, johnson yanni anudan udghatanasathi upasthit rahnyas nakar deela.
aitihasik pratishtha.
johnsonne padd sodalyanantarchya dashakanmadhye, johnson aanee tyachya adhyakshapadache kahee aitihasik moolyankan jhaale. majee upadhyaksh heinry willson aanee maine sinetara james jee. yasarkhya, tyanchyashi vyavhar karananya uttarekadil lokanchya aathvani. blainne tyala eka hutty gund mhanoon chitrit kele jyachya punarrachanechya dhorananmule dakshinekade anukulata hotee. 20vya shatkachya uttaradhat johnsonche pahile mahattvapoorn aitihasik moolyankan jhaale. pulitzer puraskar vijete itihaskar james phorda rods heey yaa latanche netrutva karat hote, jyanni johnsonchya doshanna tyachya vaiyaktik kamkuvatpanache shrey dile aanee dakshinela yenanya postbellamchya samasyansathi tyala doshi tharavale. 20vya shatkachya suruvatiche itar itihaskar, jase qee johnn berges, vudro willson aanee william dunning, serve dakshinekadil lock, rodsshee sahmat hote, johnson doshpurn aanee rajkiyadrushtya ayogya hote asey manatat, parantu tyanni linkenchya dakshinesathichya yojana changlya vishvasane amalat aananyacha prayatna keela hota assa nishkarsh kadhala. lekhak aanee patrakar jeey tolson suchavatat qee willsonne [edd punarrachaneche] chitran eka sudbuddhine karnara karyakram mhanoon kele aahe, joou pashchatap karananya dakshinekadil lokannahi dukhavato, tarr rajkiy fayadhyasathi krishnavarniy lokanshi yuticha gairfayda ghenanya uttarekadil sandhisadhu, tathakathit carpetbagger aanee sanaki pandhare dakshineche kinwa scallwag yanna fayda hoto.
roads aanee tyachya shalene lihilyanusar, itihaskarancha aanakhi eka gut johnsonchya sampoorn punarvasanasathi, johnsonchi kagadpatre aanee gideon velsachya diaries yasarkhya prathamik strotancha prathamach vapar karat hota. david miller devit yanchya 'daad impeachment andd trial auph president andreau johnson' (1903) sarkhya parinami aalelya khandanni, jyanni tyanna hatavanyacha prayatna keela hota tyanchyapeksha tyanna adhik anukulpane sadar kele. james shaller yanchya 1913 chya 'punarbandhani kalavadhicha itihas' yaa pustakat, lekhakane rodsver 'johnsonver agadi anyaykarak' asalyacha aarop keela, jaree majee rashtradhyakshanni ayogya rajkiy halchalindware swatachya anek samasya nirman kelya hotya heey manya kele. yaa kamancha parinam jhaala; jaree itihaskar johnsonkade tyachya adhyakshapadachi nasadhus karananya khol truti asalyache pahat rahile, taree tyanni tyachi punarrachana dhorane moolbhootpane yogya asalyache pahile. 1920 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1930 chya dashakachya suruvatila atyant anukool charitranchya malikene, jyane 'johnsonche gaurav kele aanee tyachya shatruncha nishedh keela', yaa pravruttila gatee dilee. 1948 madhye arther emm. yanni itihaskaranche sarvekshan kele. schlesingerne johnsonla sarasari adhyakshanpaiki eka manale; 1956 madhye, eka clinton ell. rossitorne tyala jawal jawalche mahan mukhya karyakari mhanoon naav dile. phoner namood karatat qee yaa sarvekshananchya velee, "yadavi yuddhanantarche punarrachaneche yug heey krishnavarniy purushanna matdanacha adhikar dilyane nirman jhalelya bhrashtachar aanee kushasanancha kaal manale jaat hote".
1950 chya dashakat, itihaskaranni punarbandhanisathi madhyavarti asalelya african-american anubhavavar laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee. tyanni kalya hinatecha konatahi dawa purnapane nakarla, jyane purvichya anek aitihasik granthanna chinhankit kele hote. yapaiki anek lekhakanni vikasansheel nagri haqq chalvalikade dusari punarrachana mhanoon pahile aanee aasha vyakt kelee qee, potapanyanantarchya yugavareel tyanche karya nagri hakkanchya karanala pudhe neil. yaa lekhakanni african american lokanna madat karnyachya tyanchya ichchebaddal kattarpanthi prajasattakanshi sahanubhooti darshavali aanee johnsonkade friedmanbaddal kathor mhanoon pahile. 1956 pasoon phaun broadisarkhya itihaskaranchya anek granthanmadhye, majee rashtrapati heey mukt purushanche astitva sudharanyasathichya prayatnanche yashasvi vidhvansak mhanoon chitrit kele gele hote. mukt jhalelya gulamanna samajat samakalit karnyacha eka udatt prayatna mhanoon punarbandhanikade adhikadhik pahile jaat hote.
21vya shatkachya suruvatila, johnson heey samanyatah yuu. ess. madheel sarvat white adhyaksh mhanoon ullekhalya jaananya lokanpaiki eka aahet.ess. itihas. itihaskar glain doubleu. buchanan haah sarvat white adhyaksh aahe asey mananara lafantasi mhanato, "johnson haah tyachya mahabhiyogamule gachch bhagasathi eka vishesh aavadata aahe... tyanni punarrachana dhoranachi purnapane gairprakar hatalali... tyanche bhakkam vyaktimatva aanee aatm-mahatva yanchi prachand bhavna."tolson suchavatat qee" "navyane mukt jhalelya african-american lokanche haqq aanee kalyan surakshit karnyachya uddeshane kattarpanthi prajasattak dhoranancha pratikar kelyabaddal johnsoncha aata tiraskar keela jaato". johnson aanee tyache samkalin piers aanee buchanan heey samanyatah paach sarvat white adhyakshanmadhye soochibaddha aahet, parantu asey mhanatat qee, "yaa deshachya aayushyat yapeksha katheen kaal kadhich aala navhata. yaa lokanna jyaa samasyanna tond dyave lagale teey prachand hote. tyanna nyay denyasathi anek linken ghetale asate."trayphos johnsoncha varsa" "pandhya varchasvachi dekhbhal" "manato". dakshin puranmatvadyanna tyanni punarrachanechi upeksha karoon protsahan dene haah tyancha deshasathicha varsa hota, joou deshasathi yenanya pidhyansathi trasdayak tharala."
american rajyashastra sanghatanechya adhyaksh aanee karyakari rajkaran vibhagachya 2018 chya sarvekshanat johnson yanna satve sarvat white adhyaksh mhanoon sthan denyat aale. itihaskaranchya 2017 chya see-spann sarvekshanane johnsonla dusare sarvat white adhyaksh mhanoon sthan dile. 2006 chya itihaskaranchya sarvekshanat, gruhyuddhanantar african american lokansathi adhik samanatela virodh karnyachya johnsonchya nirnayala vidyaman adhyakshanni keleli dusari sarvat white chook asey sthan dile. itihaskar elizabeth aar. varron lihitatah
bahutansh bhagasathi, itihaskar andreau johnsonkade american gruhyuddha sampalyanantar adhyaksh mhanoon kaam keleli sarvat white vyakti mhanoon pahatat. federal karyalayatil tyachya ghor asamarthatemule aanee tyachya dhoranansathi sarvajanik pathimbyachya vyapticha avishvasaniy chukicha hishob kelyamule, johnsonla samadhankarak aanee nyayya shantata prasthapit karnyat eka mothe apayash mhanoon nyay deela jaato. too eka kathor, hukumshaha varnadveshi hota, joou swatachya kalpananshi visangat asalelya rajkiy vastavashi tadjod karoo shakat navhata kinwa swikaru shakat navhata, asey manale jaate...sarvat mahattvache mhanje, krishnavarniyanchya rajkiy aanee nagri hakkanmadhye adthala aananyachi johnsonchi drudh bandhilaki hii dakshinetil aanee kadachit ameriketahi vansh samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi punarrachanechya apayshasathi pramukhyane jababdar aahe.