united statesmadhil bandukanchya nyayalayin prakarananchi yadee

united statesmadhil bandukichya khatalyancha kayada sarvoch nyayalay aanee itar federal nyayalayanchya nirnayanvar aadharit aahe. yapaiki pratyek nirnay haah dusari durusti (joou haqq vidheyakacha eka bhag aahe), shastre thevanyacha aanee dharan karnyacha adhikar, vanijya kalam, samanya kalyan kalam aanee/kinwa itar federal banduk kayadyanshi sambandhit aahe.
united states sarvoch nyayalayatil prakarane.
sarvoch nyayalayane adhunmadhun nyayalayane durusticha arth lavala aahe aanee itar kayadeshir babinvar nirnay detana nyayalayane durustichahi ullekh keela aahe.
nyayalayane durusticha arth lavane.
aamhala asey vatate qee asey konatehi kalam vicharadhin naheet, jeey keval purushanchya sansthanna lashkari sanghatana mhanoon ekatra yenyas kinwa shaharanmadhye aanee shaharanmadhye shastrastransaha kavayati karnyas kinwa sanchalan karnyas manai karatat, kayadyane adhikrut kelyashivay, lokanchya shastrastra thevanyachya aanee dharan karnyachya adhikarache ullanghan karat naheet.
rajya nyayalaye.
"bliss vhee. rashtrakul. 
"bliss vhee. rashtrakul "(1822, keey. vaay.) kalanusar shastre balganyachya adhikarala sambodhit kele. 10, seek. kentakichya nyayalayane sanvidhanachya (1799) 23 madhye mhatale aahe qee, "swatachya aanee rajyachya sanrakshanasathi nagarikanchya shastre balganyachya adhikaravar prashnachinh upasthit kele jaanar nahee."yacha arth, lakadi lapaleli talwar gheuun jaanyacha adhikar samavisht karnyasathi keela gela. "anand' heey nyayalayane durustiche ullanghan karnari gupt shastre [jee] balganyas manai karnara kayada asey varnan kele gele aahe."tathapi, itaranni," "anand" "madhye vicharat asalelya kentakichya rashtrakul kayadyane kelelya nyayalayane durustishi konatahi sangharsh pahila nahee kaaran kentki kayada gupt shastransathi hota". nyayalayane durustishi konihi matbhed pahile naheet. kharey tarr, yaa prashnavar vichar vichar mojkya lokanpaiki bahutekanni yuu madheel sudharananvar vishvas thewala.ess. rajya kayadyanna sanvidhan lagoo hott navhate."
"anand" asey mhatale aahe, parantu heey visaroo naye qee, sanvidhanane surakshit kelelya adhikaracha keval eka bhag nahee; sanvidhan swikartana astitvat asalela sampoorn aanee sampoorn adhikar aahe; aanee jarr tyaa adhikaracha konatahi bhag bighadalela asel, tarr too bhag kitee lahan asoo shakato aanee too jyaa velevar keela jaava tyaa kramane mahattvacha nahee, tarr too sanvidhananehi titkach nishiddha keela aahe."yaa uddharanat namood keleli" sanvidhan "kentakichya sanvidhanacha sandarbh dete.
yaa prakaranamule kentki hausmadhye santapachi laat usalali, aanee kentakichya nyayalayane sanvidhanachya (1799) kalam 23 madhye vyaktinna shastre balganyachya adhikarachi hummy dilee aahe heey serve manya kele. anand" haah nirnay, too lapavalelya shastranshi vyavhar karat hota tyaa maryadeparyant, kentakichya kentakichya sanvidhanatil (1850) kalam 26 saha ghatanatmak durustidware ulthavoon deela gela, jyat bhavishyat lapvoon thevaleli shastre balganyavar bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee, tarihi teey thampane mhanale qee, kentakichya rashtrakulat swatache aanee rajyache sanrakshn karnyasathi shastre balgane haah eka vaiyaktik aanee samoohik adhikar hota. 1891 madhye adhiniyamit kelelya kenatakichya rashtrakulachya chauthya sanvidhanat, kalam 1, kalam 7 madhye, hii manyata aajahi kayam aahe, jee "swatachya aanee rajyachya sanrakshanasathi shastre balganyachya adhikarachi hummy dete, jee lokanchya gupt shastre balganyapasun rokhanyasathi kayade karnyachya mahasabhechya adhikarachya adheen aahe."northern kentki low review sekand amendment symposiumh rites inn conflict inn daad 1980s, khandat namood kelyapramane. 10, nahee. 1, 1982, pru. 155, 'shastra balganyachya adhikarachya' mudyavarun jhalela rajya nyayalayacha pahila nirnay 'anand wii. rashtrakul.  nyayalayane asey mhatale qee, "swatachya aanee rajyachya sanrakshanasathi nagarikancha shastra balganyacha adhikar sampurnatah sanrakshit keela gela pahije..."hii malki adviteey hotee kaaran tyat asey mhatale hote qee shastre dharan karnyacha adhikar paripoorn aanee ayogya aahe."
matuse prabhagaviruddha kentakimadhye nantar dilelya hatyechya aaropaviruddha dilelya bachavatunahi "anand" chey mahatva disun yete, jyane 1852 madhye eka gupt pistul baher kadhale aanee vargat chatnot khanyachya aaropavarun tyachya bhavachya shikshakala pranghatkaritya jakhami kele. prabhagachya bachav pathakat yuu. saha athara vakilancha samavesh hota.ess. sinetara johnn crittenden, kentakiche majee governor aanee amerikeche majee mahadhivakta. bachav pakshane 1854 madhye eka davyadvare, "mansala shastre balganyacha adhikar aahe; mallah dev kinwa manushyachya kayadyatil kahihi maheet nahee, jyane teey pratibandhit kele aahe, asha davyadvare, bachavkarya yashasviritya kele. kentakichi ghatana aanee aamche haqq vidheyak yachee hummy dete. vidhimandalane ekada tyavar bandee ghalanara kayada manjur keela, parantu too asanvaidhanik tharvanyat aala aanee aaplya sarvoch nyayadhikaranane, apeal nyayalayane too raddabatal tharavala."cornellne namood kelyapramane," "prabhagachya vakilanni aanandat pudhe aalelya siddhantacha fayda ghetala aanee tyanchya muvakkilanchya kruteela shastra balganyachya ghatanatmak adhikarachya zendyakhali gundalale". prabhagachi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee."
"imate vhee. rajya ".
imate vhee. madhye. rajya qaraa, "21 varsh. 154, 156 (1840), tenasi sarvoch nyayalayane tenasichya 1834 chya sanvidhanatil hamicha arth lavala qee 'yaa rajyatil mukt mukt purushanna tyanchya samaan sanrakshanasathi shastre thevanyacha aanee balganyacha adhikar aahe.'federal rajyaghatanechya nyayalayane durustipramanech samaan uddishtansah hii tartud sweekarli gelee hotee heey spasht kartana nyayalayane lihileh' shastra dharan qaraa 'heey shabd... tyanchya lashkari vaparacha sandarbh aahe aanee poshakhacha bhag mhanoon tyaa vyaktibaddal tyanna paridhan karnyasathi tyancha vapar keela jaat navhata. jyaa uddeshasathi shastre thevanyacha aanee dharan karnyacha adhikar surakshit aahe, too samanya aanee sarvajanik swarupacha aahe, jyacha vapar lock tyanchya samaan sanrakshanasathi karatat, mhanoon shastre, joou surakshit aahe too thevanyacha adhikar, sahasa susanskrut yuddhat vaparla jaato aanee jee samanya lashkari upkarane tayar karatat." 
"nun vhee. georgia ".
georgiachya sarvoch nyayalayane 'nun wii.' madhye nikal deela. georgia "(1 gaa. (1 keey. ell.) 243 (1846) nyayalayane durustinusar bandukanvaril bandee haah rajya kayada asanvaidhanik hota. nyayalayane durustichya aadharavar radd karnyat aalela haah pahila bandukivaril niyantran upay hota. kolambiya jilha wii. heller "(2008), daad yuu.ess. sarvoch nyayalayane mhatale qee, nyayalayane durustichya karyakari khandane jyaa prakare purvaniyojit khandat ghoshit kelelya uddeshala pudhe nele, too marg 'nun' neey purnapane pakadala."
keval lashkarane vaparleli shastre nasoon, pratyek varnanachi shastre thevanyacha aanee dharan karnyacha, keval lashkar navhe, tarr serve lokancha, vruddha aanee tarun, purush, mahila aanee mulancha adhikar, aanee heey serve ullanghan kele jaanar nahee, qamee kele jaanar nahee kinwa qamee kele jaanar nahee; aanee heey serve mahatvache uddisht sadhya karnyasathih eka suvyavasthit sainya vadhavane aanee patra karane, jeey eka swatantra rajyachya surakshesathi atyant aavashyak aahe. aamche mutt asey aahe qee konatahi kayada, rajya kinwa sanghiy, sanvidhanachya virodhat aahe aanee raddabatal aahe, joou yaa adhikarache ullanghan karato, joou mulat aaplya purvajancha aahe, charles 1 neey payathyashi chiradoon takala. aanee 1688 chya krantidvare punha sthapit jhalele tyache done dusht putra aanee uttaradhikari, vasahatvadyanni yaa swatantryabhoomivar pochavale aanee shevati aaplya swatachya magna kartamadhye spashtapane samavisht kele!
"rajya wii. buzzard ".
yaulat, 'sthitee v.' madhye. buzzard "(1842).), arkansas sarvoch nyayalayane nagri sainya-aadharit, rajkiy adhikar swikarla, rajya kayadyantargat shastre balganyachya adhikarache vachan kele aanee arkansas sanvidhanachya nyayalayane kalamachya 21 vya kalmala kayam thewale, jyat ghoshit kele gele qee, yaa rajyatil mukt mukt purushanna tyanchya samaan sanrakshanasathi shastre thevanyacha aanee dharan karnyacha adhikar asel, tarr lapalelya shastranchya vahoon nenyavar bandee bandee kayadyala aavhan nakarle. buzzardne eka gupt shastra balgale hote aanee too 'vidhimandalachya kayadyachya 13 vya kalamachya adhikaranusar doshi tharvanyat aala hota, jyamadhye konatyahi vyaktila shastra mhanoon lapvoon thevalele pistul, dirk, motha chakoo kinwa talwar-oos ghalanyas bandee hotee, pravasadarmyan, dand aanee turungvasachya shikshekhali."justices lessie yanni," "buzzard" "madheel asahmatipurn mutt vyakt karat, bahumat drushtikonacha saransh dett, jyachyashi teey asahmat hote, asey ghoshit keleh
qee "swatantra rajyachya surakshesathi eka suvyavasthit sainya aavashyak aahe" heey shabd aanee "samayik sanrakshn" heey shabd yaa sanvidhanancha kharaa hetu aanee arth spashtapane darshavtat [i.eae., aark. aanee yuu.ess.] aanee heey siddha qaraa qee haah vaiyaktik nasoon rajkiy adhikar aahe aanee arthat, rajyala, tichya vidhimandal kshamatenusar, tyache niyaman aanee niyantran karnyacha adhikar aaheh asey hott asatana, lokanna, vaiyaktikaritya kinwa ektritpane, shastre thevanyacha aanee dharan karnyacha adhikar nahee.
joel prentices bishop yanchya prabhavshali "vaidhanik gunhyanchya kayadyavaril bhashya" (1873) neey buzzardcha nagri-aadharit arth lavala, eka assa drushtikon joou bishop yanni "arkansas siddhant" (qee rajya jyaa paddhatine shastre vahoon netat tyache niyaman karoo shakate) mhanoon darshavila, american kayadyat shastre balganyachya adhikarache rudhivadi drushtikon mhanoon.
rajkiy shastradnya earl krushke yanni 'anand' aanee 'buzzard' yaa donhi goshtinche vargikaran 'vaiyaktik drushtikon spasht karnari prakarane' mhanoon kele aahe."pradhyapak yujeen volokh yanni californiachya rajkiy punaravalokanat ughad kele qee, 19 vya shatkat shastre thevanyachya aanee dharan karnyachya adhikarachya samoohik haqq drushtikonasathi 'buzzard' madheel ekmatane kelele vidhan heey ekmev samarthan hote.
"willson vhee. arkansas rajya.
willson wii. arkansas rajya (1878).), arkansas sarvoch nyayalayane arkansas rajya kayadyantargat kayadyantargat doshasiddhivar sunavani kelee, jyat ekhadya vyaktila "tyachya swatachya parisarat kinwa pravasat asatana kinwa adhikari mhanoon kinwa madatisathi kaam kartana" pistul balganyas manai kelee hotee, tyach kayadyane 1848 chya "buzzard" nirnayat sambodhit kele hote.
khatalyachya sunavanidarmyan, willsonwar yaa kayadyasathi aarop thevanyat aale aanee tyala doshi tharvanyat aale aanee tyane rajyachya sarvoch nyayalayat apeal kele. gupt shastra balganyachya paddhatiche niyaman karanyachi parvanagi parvanagi rajya sarkarchya anek nirnayancha hawala dett nyayalayane trial kortacha nirnay ulatavala, parantu asha kruteela swatachya parisarat, pravasadarmyan kinwa kinwa madatisathi kaam kartana pratibandhit karnara kayada ghatanatmakdrushtya avaidh hota. willsonchya nirnayane 'buzzard' madheel purvichi malki prabhavipane ulatavali. mukhya nyayadhish ingraji yanni lihilelya matamadhye khaleel davyacha samavesh hotah
nihsanshaypane shantatechya kalat, lokanna sarvajanik prathanasthalanvar kinwa nivadanuka ityadinmadhye yuddhanauka ghalanyas manai kelee jaau shakate. parantu nagrikala tyachya swatachya aavarat kinwa samanasah deshatoon pravas kartana kinwa adhikari mhanoon kinwa tyachya madatisathi kaam kartana vagalata, yuddh shastra dharan karnyas kinwa gheuun jaanyas manai karane, tyachya shastra balganyachya aanee dharan karnyachya ghatanatmak adhikaravar anavashyak nirbandh aahe. jarr bhyad aanee apmanaspad lock kadhikadhi nihshastra lokanna lashkari pistulanni kinwa bandukanni golya ghalat asateel, tarr ghatanatmak visheshadhikarapasun samanya vanchit rahoon navhe tarr turung aanee fashine dushtata rokhali pahije.
"salina vhee. blexley ".
1905 madhye, cances sarvoch nyayalayane, salina wii. blexley, 'shastra balganyacha aanee dharan karnyacha adhikar haah keval' samoohik adhikar 'aahe assa arth lavnare pahile nyayalay banale. cances uchch nyayalayane ghoshit keleh "hii tartud keval rajya sainyadalacha sadasya mhanoon kinwa kayadyane pradan kelelya itar konatyahi lashkari sanghatanechya shastra balganyachya adhikarala lagoo hote, heey federal sanvidhanachya nyayalayane durustivarun dekhil spasht hote, jyat mhatale aaheh 'eka suvyavasthit sainyadalachi, swatantra rajyachya surakshesathi aavashyak asalyane, lokanchya shastra balganyachya aanee dharan karnyachya adhikarache ullanghan kele jaanar nahee.'"
2010 madhye, "salina wii. cances rajya sanvidhanatil durusti manjur karoon blexlela raddabatal tharvanyat aale. durustimadhye pudhil baabee namood kelya aaheth
"lock wii. agular ".
2013 madhye, eleanoy sarvoch nyayalayane 'peaples wii. aagvilarne asey mutt vyakt kele qee gharabaher banduka nenyavar sampoorn bandee ghalane hii dusari durustiche ullanghan aahe aanee tee asanvaidhanik aahe. heller", "mcdonald" aanee "muur wii. madigan "(satvya circuitcha nirnay), eleanoychya sarvoch nyayalayane nyayalayane durustichya kendrasthani swasanrakshan karnyacha adhikar asalyache sangoon agvilarchi shiksha radd kelee.

