
ridwan rajvansh

ridwan rajvansh ('rudwan' asehi mhatale jaate) haah palestinemadhil sarvat pramukh pasha kutumb hota, joou 16vya aanee 17vya shatkat ottoman rajvatit damascus aayletchya ('damascus prant') nairutya jilhyanvar rajya karat hota. heey rajvansh ghaza yethe sthit hote, jithe tyache sadasya shatkahoon adhik kaal sanjak (prantiy jilha) chey aanuvanshik 'sanjak-beey' (jilha rajyapal) mhanoon satatyane kaam karat hote. sadasyanni sampoorn ottoman samrajyat vegvegalya prantanvar aanee jilhyanvar rajya kele aanee vegvegalya velee atirikt padvi dharan kelya. gazamadhil ridwan kaal haah shaharacha shevatcha suvarnakal manla jaat asey.
yaa rajvanshachi sthapana kaara saheen mustafa pasha yanni kelee hotee, jyanni tyanchya karkirdit gazasah anek prant aanee jilhyanche rajyapal mhanoon kaam kele. yaa rajvanshache naav mustafacha mulga ridwan pasha yachya navavarun thevanyat aale, jyane 1570 madhye gazacha rajyapal mhanoon kaam kele, joou done varshannantar tyacha mulga ahmed pasha ibn ridwan yachya jaagi aala. nantarchya lokanni 30 varshe seva kelee, tyaa kalat ghaza haah rajvanshacha mukhya balekilla banala. jerusalem aanee nabalasache sanjak tyachya sampoorn rajvatit adhunmadhun ahmed pashachya prashasanakhali aale.
1601 madhye ahmed pashala damishkache "bellerbay" (prantiy governor) mhanoon punha niyukt kelyanantar, tyacha mulga husson arap pashala gazacha governorpad varshane midale aanee tyane 43 varshe heey padd bhushavale. tyachya rajvatine ghaza garib keela aanee rajvansh diwalkhor jhaala. husson pashacha mulga aanee uttaradhikari hussen pashachi 1644 madhye yaa padavar niyukti karnyat aalee aanee tyane 1672 paryant seva kelee. hussen pashachya netrutvakhali ghaza heey eka samruddha, surakshit aanee dharmikdrushtya vaividhyapurn shahar banale. 1663 madhye ottoman adhikaanyaanee tyala padchyut kele aanee fashi dilee, tyanantar tyacha bhau musa pasha yachee yaa padavar niyukti karnyat aalee, too 1679 paryant karyarat hota. gazacha shevatcha ridwan governor musa pashacha mulga ahmed pasha hota jyacha governorship 1690 madhye sampali.
itihas.
sthapana.
ridwan rajvanshachi sthapana eka vanshik bosnian aanee suleiman daad grandcha majee 'kapikulu' (portcha gulam), kaara shaheen mustafa (nantar 'mustafa pasha' mhanoon olakhala gela) yane kelee hotee. ottoman "devasirme" pranalicha eka bhag mhanoon, mustafa pashane tyache shikshan rajvadyachya antargat sevetoon prapt kele, haloohaloo tyala sarkarmadhil uchch padanvar badhati denyat aalee. 1524 madhye, erzerum aanee diyarbekircha rajyapal mhanoon aanee nantar sultan suleimancha mulga shahzade bayajitcha vaiyaktik shikshak mhanoon salag seva dilyanantar, tyala tatpurte gazache rajyapal mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, jyaa eka namvant sanjakchi rajdhani hotee, jyache mahatva mageel mamluk kalapasoon kayam hote. 1560 paryant tyala egyptchya governorpadavar badhati denyat aalee hotee.
mustafa pashanantar tyacha mulga ridwan pashane gazacha rajyapal mhanoon padbhar swikarla, jyane ridwan rajvanshala tyache naav dile. ridwan yanni purvi yemenche khajindar mhanoon kaam kele hote. 1565 madhye, ridwan pashala done varshansathi yemenchya "bellerbay" (governor-general) mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee aanee 1567 madhye thodya kalasathi gazachya rajvatit parat yenyapurvi. darmyan, 1566 madhye, navah sultan selim dusra yane mustafa pashala, selimcha bhau aanee sattecha pratispardhi, bayazitashi asalelya tyachya nikatatebaddal padchyut kele. tyanantar thodyach velat mustafa pasha maran pavala. itihaskar jeane-piyare fillue yanchya matey, 1570 madhye ridwan gazacha rajyapal jhaala. 1571 paryant, ridwan pashala habesh (kinarpattichya atal prapat), basra aanee diyarbekircha 'valee' (prantiy rajyapal) mhanoon badhati denyat aalee hotee, tarr mustafa pashacha dusra mulga aanee ottoman sarkarmadhil eka uchch padasth adhikari bahram pashala 16 vya shatkachya madhyat nabalasacha rajyapal karnyat aale. kahee kalanantar bahram pashala damaskasache 'bellerbay' aanee nantar 'amir all-hajj' (hajcha senapati) mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee. "umara all-hajj"), jyamule too makkela jaananya muslim tirthyatrechya karvansathi jababdar tharato.
gazamadhil balekilla.
gazamadhye, ridwan pashachya jaagi tyacha mulga ahmed pashane rajya kele, jyane jawaljawal 30 varshe rajya kele. tyachya rajvatit kadhikadhi nabalas aanee jerusalemche 'sanjak' ghaza sanjkashi jodalele hote. ahmed pashachya netrutvakhali nantarcha killa kutumbacha balekilla aanee sattecha paya banala. 17 vya shatkachya sumaras, tyane gazamadhil mamluk-yugachya kasar all-bashacha vistar keela aanee tyache rupantar kutumbacha killa aanee rajyapalanchya rajvadyat kele. ahmed pasha yanni adhunmadhun "amir all-hajj" mhanoon kaam kele, parantu ottoman sarkarkadoon aanakhi padonnati midvinyasathi sangharsh keela, anek istanbul-aadharit vazir aanee nokarshahanna tyanchya purvavartinpeksha mothya rakmesah aanee itar bhetvastunsaha lobby karavi lagali. akheris 1601 madhye tyachi damishkacha rajyapal mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, tarr tyacha mulga husson 'arap' pashala nantar gazacha rajyapalpad varsa mhanoon midale. ahmed pasha nantar 1607 madhye maran pavala.
husson pashache topananav "arap" ("beduin") heey ridwan kutumbache beduin jamatinshi asalele changle sambandh aanee tyanna niyantranat thevanyachya pratishthevarun aale aahe. jevha sultan murad chautha yane fakhr adha-deane dusra (1623-1635) yachya dirghkal chalalelya bandala dadapanyasathi hassanla niyukt kele, tevha hassanche beduin unit anekada yuddhat prabhavi tharale. yaa kalat, husson pashala tripoliche atirikt rajyapalpad midale, jaree tyala 1644 madhye padchyut karnyat aale. tyachya rajvatine gaza sanjak garib kele aanee ridwan kutumbavar mothya karjacha boja takala. damaskin itihaskar aanee hassanche samkalin, muhammad ameen all-muhibi yanchya matey, husson pashala asankhya bayka aanee upapatni hotya aanee tyanna 85 mule jhaali hotee. husson pashachya aayushyat, tyacha eka mulga hussen pasha yane nublus aanee jerusalem tasech "amir all-hajj" chaa rajyapal mhanoon kaam kele.
husson pashane 1644 madhye padchyut kelyanantar hussen pashala gazache governorpad varshane midale aanee tyane jilhyache prashasana changlya prakare chalavale. kaaran too sthanik beduin jamatinshi jawalche sambandh prasthapit karoon aanee kayam thevun mukhya raste aanee grameen bhagachya surakshitatechi hummy deu shakala hota, tyamule hussen pashachya karkirdit ghaza aanee palestinemadhil itar shahare samruddha houu shakali aanee mothya pramanat vikasit houu shakali. shaharache mahatva itake vadhale qee sydenche french vanijyadut shavalier dii 'arvx yanni gazala' palestinechi rajdhani 'manale. hussen pasha yane shaharatil khrishchan aanee jyoo samudayanshi maitripurna sambandh vikasit kele, jyamule tyanna naveen church bandhata aale aanee vidyaman church punarsanchayit karata aale. hussen pashane tyacha mulga ibrahimla jerusalemcha rajyapal mhanoon niyukt kele, parantu ibrahim 1661 madhye lebnonchya druze kulanviruddhachya lashkari mohimet maran pavala.
padane.
1663 madhye, hussen pashala damaskasachya rajyapalala beduin bund dadapanyat madat karnyasathi mohimevar pathvanyat aale, parantu too ayashasvi jhaala aanee yuddhala badnam kele. ottoman sarkarmadhil tyachya shatrunni kelelya yachikanantar tyala istanbullah bolavanyat aale, jithe tyala turungat dambanyat aale aanee tyanantar lagechach tyachi hatya karnyat aalee. itihaskar drore zevi yanchya matey, ottoman rajya ridwanchya vadhatya samarthyapasun savadh hote aanee hussen pasha kadhoon takalyane tyanna "vistarit rajvanshache avashesh nasht karnyas" saksham hoil assa tyancha vishvas hota."shahee adhikari hussen pashachya french vanijyadut aanee sthanik khrishchananshi asalelya sambandhambaddalhi aswasth hote. filyuchya matey, hussenche baad hone haah yaa "vishesh natyacha" parinam hota.
musa pasha haah tyacha bhau hussen pasha yachya jaagi ghaza aanee madhya palestinecha rajyapal jhaala, parantu tyachya karyakalatil kalavadhi achookpane dnyat nahee, jaree 1670 madhye jerusalemmadhil eka dastaivajat tyala rajyapal mhanoon soochibaddha kele gele. itihaskar jeane-piyare fillue yanchya matey, musa pashachi satta 1679 madhye sampushtat aalee. musa hiney bigger muslimanshi asaleli hussenchi udarmatvadi dhorane bund kelee aanee tyachya rajvatit too ottomanchya ichchebabat adhik savadh hota. ahmed pasha ibn musa tyachya vadilanchya jaagi aala aanee 1690 paryant seva denara gazacha shevatcha ridwan governor hota. tyachya rajvatichya samaptinantar, ridwan rajgharanyala tyache aanuvanshik governorpad kadhoon taknyat aale aanee nantar ottoman sarkarne niyukt kelele adhikari ghaza rajya karnyasathi aale, jyache mahatva haloohaloo qamee jhaale. heey udatt poort (ottoman samrajya sarkar) kadoon sthanik rajvanshanna asalela pathimba samanyapane mage ghenyashi julale. ridwan rajvanshachya aadhunik kalatil vanshajanna gazamadhye "daar all-basha" kinwa "pashanche ghar" mhanoon olakhale jaate.
sanskruti.
ridwan kutumbane tyanchya rajvanshachi rachana shahee ottoman gharanyavar kelee aanee lashkari ladhayanchya velee teey tyanchya rajvanshache pratinidhitva karnare yuddh manak palat asat aanee morcha kadhanare band aanat asat. ridwan kutumb swatahla vyapak pradeshache nete aanee itar sattadhari kutumbanche aashraydate mhanoon pahat asey. jerusalemcha circassian governor aanee pramukh farukh rajvanshacha sansthapak farukh pasha haah bahram pashacha majee "mamluk" (gulam sainik) hota. 17vya shatkachya madhyaparyant farukh rajvanshache nablooj sanjakvar rajya hote. kiwan, ridwan rajvanshacha aanakhi eka "mamluk", 1670 chya dashakat tyachya mulala governorpad aanee "amir all-hajj" chey padd milanyapurvi damishkachya governorcha pramukh sahayyak banala.
ridwan kutumbatil sadasyanni ekmekanshi aanee tyanchya jilhyanmadhye rahana bahutek arabi bhashik lokanshi sanvad sadhanyasathi arabi kinwa turkey bhasha vaparane pasant kele qee nahee heey maheet nahee. ottoman adhikari mhanoon teey turkey bhasha changlya prakare bolat asat, parantu vividh ridwan governoranchya malkichya arabi sahityachya adhikaramule aanee tyanni sthanik uchchabhru lokanshi, jase qee arab turabe kutumb aanee beduin jamatinshi jodalele jawalche sambandh asalyamule teey arabi bhasha aanee ritirivajanmadhye parangat hote heey dekhil spasht aahe. shahee kinwa prantiy aadesh vagalata, ghaza, nabalas, jerusalem aanee lajjun yaa "sanjak" madheel darbari nondi, jyanvar ridwan aanee tyanche mitra anekada rajya karat asat, arabi bhashet nondavalya gelya, jaree "kaadee" haah samanyatah eka shahee turkey bhashik hota aanee tyamule turkey bhashetil nondi aavashyak navhatya. itihaskar drore zevi yanchya matey, ridwananni turabe aanee circassian farrukhanshi jodalele aantarvivah aanee samajik-rajkiy sambandh yamule eka 'naveen beduin-automan sankarit sanskruti' nirman jhaali jee 'darbari jeevan, poshakh aanee kadachit bhashetahi spasht hotee'.
ridwan-turabe-farukh yutee.
16vya aanee 17vya shatkadarmyan, teen kutumbanche palestine pradeshache pratinidhitva karananya 'sanjak' varr niyantran hoteh ridwan gazache adhyaksh hote, tarr farrukh aanee turabe anukrame nablu aanee lajjaunche adhyaksh hote. samaan hitsambandh aanee purvichya lashkari gulamanchya natesambandhanmule, tinhi kutumbanmadhye tyanchya sampoorn rajvatit ghanisht sambandh prasthapit jhaale. yaa udayonmukh eksandh rajvanshacha ridwan haah pramukh gut hota. kutumbanmadhil aantarvivahancha purava ottoman nondindware darshavila jaato. udaharanarth, turabe rajvanshacha sansthapak ahmed ibn turabe yachee naat, rajyapal asaf farrukh pasha yanchi aaee hotee. asafchi patni shakra khatoon hotee, jee governor hussen pashachi mulgi hotee. asaf pasha aanee shakra yanchya mrutyunantar, tyanche done mulge, muhammad beey aanee allie beey, hussencha bhau, governor musa pashachya tabyat gele. husson "arap" pashachi mulgi, musa aanee hussenchi baheen, asafcha bhau allie farrukh yachyashi vivahabaddha jhaali. samayik malmatta vatoon ghetalyane kutumbanchi ekata tikavoon thevanyasahi madat jhaali.
ridwan-farukh-turabe yuteene palestinechya pradeshanna aanee kahee vela transjordenla vanshparamparagat jagir mhanoon manale. adchanichya kalat, bandkhor kinwa sthanik pratispardhyanchya aavhanancha samna karnyasathi tinhi kutumbe tyanche sainya ekatra aanat asat. varshik "hajj" karvanchya sanrakshanapasun tyanchyat lashkari sambandh nirman jhaale. jevha ekhadya vishisht rajyapalala 'amir all-hajj' chee bhoomika sopavali gelee, tevha tyala tyachya 'sanjak' madhoon vistarit kalavadhisathi nighun jaane aavashyak hote. beduin chhape, karchukvegiri aanee vaiyaktik malmattechya hanipasoon tyanchya jilhyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi, nivartaman rajyapalanni samanyatah tyanche adhikar shejarchya "sanjak" chya shaskankade sopavale. udaharanarth, 1589 madhye, ridwan pashne asaf ibn turabe yanna tatpurte damaskasacha rajyapal mhanoon badalanyachi vinanti kelee, jyamule 17 vya shatkaparyant tikanari parampara suru jhaali.
17vya shatkachya suruvatila, ottoman seeriyatil fakhar-all-deane II chya vadhatya samarthyacha parinam mhanoon, kutumbanmadhil paraspar vishvas drudh lashkari yutimadhye vikasit jhaala. tuscanychya medisi grand dukechya pathimbyane, fakhar-all-deenane automan sarkarshi asalele tyache sambandh kahee kalasathi sudharle aanee 1622 madhye safad aanee ajaloon 'sanjak' varr niyantran midavale, nabalusacha governor banala aanee gazacha 'mutasallim' (curr sangrahak) mhanoon niyukt jhaala. tyache sainya palestinechya kinarpattichya maidanatoon jerusalemchya dishene nighale. fakhar all-deenchya yaa halchalinmule teen kutumbanche rajya dhokyat aale, jyanni istanbulmadhil udatt bandarakadun protsahan midalyanantar, tyachi pragati rokhanyasathi yutee kelee. 1623 madhye husson "arap" pasha, muhammad ibn farrukh aanee ahmed ibn turabe yanchya sainyane fakhar all-deenchya sainyala avaja nadivar yashasviritya parabhoot kele, jyamule tyala palestinemadhun maghar ghenyas bhag padale.
bandhkam kaame.
tyanchya sampoorn karkirdit, ridwan rajvanshane gazamadhye shetichya jamini aanee anek sthavar malmattansah prachand sampatti jamaa kelee. kutumbane tyaa sampatticha motha bhag 'avkaf' (dharmik vishvast) yanna deela, jyacha vapar teey vividh sarvajanik imaratinchya bandhkam aanee dekhbhalisathi karat asat. rajgharanyatil kahee sadasyanna gazachya mothya mashidichya agadi dakshines asalelya makbarat all-ridwan (ridwan kautumbik smashanbhoomi) yethe daphan karnyat aale. 2008 paryant, smashanbhumit kahee sangamarvari kabari hotya.
kutumbane gazachya shujia quartermadhil done mashidinchya minaranchi punarbandhani kelee, tarr musa pashane gazachya mothya mashidichya minaranchi punarbandhani kelee. kasar all-basha killyachya maryadet eka masheed dekhil bandhanyat aalee hotee, jee nantar ridwananche nivassthan ("adha-dabavia") mhanoon tyachya karyamule ridwan killa mhanoon olakhali jaau lagali. killyalach atirikt sanrakshananni susajj kele hote, jyat bananchya katya aanee arund ughadyancha samavesh hota, jeey tofancha vapar karnyasathi vistarit kele gele hote. ridwan rajvatit, gazachya all-daraj quartermadhil kaisariya bajarpethechi, tasech hamam all-sammara snangruh aanee majee khaan ajh-zayat karvansarichi punarbandhani karnyat aalee. bahram pashane 16vya shatkachya madhyat gazamadhye mukhya "sabil" ("karanje") bandhanyache aadesh dile.
jerusalemmadhil temple mountver ("haram all-sharif"), ahmed pasha ibn ridwankade eka "khalwa" hota, jyala mamluk khalwa mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey all-ghazi aboo all-saudachya netrutvakhalil sthanik soofinsathi aanee 1601 madhye islamik nyayshastrachya abhyasasathi bandhale gele hote. khalvache shilpkar abd all-muhsin ibn nimr hote, jyanni jerusalemmadhe ahmed pashachya itar prakalpanvar kaam kele. ahmed pashane aboo all-saud aanee khalvachya dekhbhalisathi aanee vyavasthapanasathi nidhi puravanyasathi 'wakf' chee sthapana kelee.