chamak (khanijashastra)

lustrey (british ingraji) (kinwa chamak) (american ingraji; aksharvinyasatil farak pahaa) hii sphatik, khadak kinwa khanijanchya prushthbhagashi prakashachi parasparkriya karanyachi paddhat aahe. yaa shabdachi utpatti lattin 'lucks' madhye jhaali aahe, jyacha arth 'prakash' assa hoto aanee samanyatah tej, chamak kinwa tej soochit karato.
maatee', 'dhatoo', 'chikat' aanee 'reshami' yasarkhya chamakdarteche varnan karnyasathi anek sandnya vaparlya jaatat. tyachpramane, 'vitrius' haah shabd (kachesathi lattinmadhun aalela, 'vitram') kachechya chamkas sandarbhit karato. yaa atinchi yadee khalee dilee aahe.
eka vistrut satatya mhanoon chamak badalate aanee tyamule vividh prakarchya chamkinmadhye konatihi kathor seema nasate. (yaa karanastav, vegvegale srot anekada ekach khanijala vegalya prakare varnan karoo shakatat. hii sandigdhata ekhadya vishisht khanij prajatimadhye mothya pramanat badalanyachya chamkanyachya kshamatemule aanakhi guntaguntichi tharate). madhyavarti prakarchya chamkinche varnan karnyasathi yaa sandnya varanvar ekatra kelya jaatat (udaharanarth, eka 'kachechi chikat' chamak).
kahee khanije asamanya prakashik ghatana pradarshit karatat, jase qee tarankan tarankan aakarachya chamakdar kshetrache pradarshan) kinwa chakaki (chamakdar pattyanche pradarshan, jeey namuna firavtana halchal kartana disatat). asha ghatananchi yadee khalee dilee aahe.
samanya sandnya.
edamantine chamak.
edamantine khanijanmadhye utkrusht chamak asate, jee sarvat lakshaniyapane lakshaniyapane disate. ashee khanije pardarshak kinwa ardhpardarshak asatat aanee tyancha apavartak nirdeshank (1.9 kinwa tyahoon adhik) uchch asato. asato edamantine chamak asaleli khanije asamanya aahet, jyanchi udaharane serusite, zircon aanee cubic zirconia yasah aahet.
qamee (parantu tarihi tulanene jaast) chamak asalelya khanijanna subdamentine mhanoon sambodhale jaate, kahee udaharane garnet aanee corundum aahet.
mand chamak.
sthool daane serve dishanni prakash vikhuratat, lambertian paravartak andaje karatat, tyamule nistej (kinwa matichi) khanije qamee kinwa konatihi chamak pradarshit karat naheet. eka udaharan mhanje caolinite. kadhikadhi nistej khanije aanee matichi khanije yaat farak keela jaato, jyapaiki dusari khaaree asate aanee tyahunahi qamee chamak asate.
chikat chamak.
telkat khanije charbi kinwa telasarkhi asatat. telkat chamak anekada sookshm samaveshak padarthanchya vipul pramanat asalelya khanijanmadhye aadhalate, jyat opal aanee coordirite, jedite yasah udaharane aahet. chikat chamak asaleli anek khanije dekhil sparshane chikat vatatat.
dhatuchi chamak.
dhatoo (kinwa bhavya) khanijanmadhye chamkavalelya dhatuchi chamak asate aanee aadarsh prushthbhagansaha teey paravartak prushthbhag mhanoon kaam kartil. udaharananmadhye gallena, pyrite aanee magnetite yancha samavesh hoto.
motichi chamak.
motyanchya khanijanmadhye patal pardarshak saha-samtol patrake asatat. yaa tharanmadhun paravartit honara prakash tyanna motyanchi aathvan karoon denara chamak deto. asha khanijanmadhye paripoorn vichhedan asate, udaharanarth muscovite aanee stillbite.
rezin chamak.
ralyukt khanijanmadhye raal, chyuingam kinwa (gulgulit prushthbhagavaril) plasticche swaroop asate. eka pramukh udaharan mhanje ember, jeey jivashma ralanche eka roop aahe.
reshami chamak.
resheem khanijanmadhye atyant sookshm tantunchi samantar vyavastha asate, jyamule tyanna reshimchi aathvan karoon denari chamak milate. udaharananmadhye esbestos, euluxite aanee jipsamchya satin spar prakarancha samavesh hoto. tantumay chamak sarkhich asate, parantu tichi rachana khadbadit asate.
up-dhatoo chamak.
up-dhatoo khanije dhatusarkhich chamak detat, parantu mand aanee qamee paravartak asatat. sphalarite, sinabar, anthracite aanee cuprite yasarkhya atishay uchch apavartak nirdeshank asalelya jawaljawal apardarshak khanijanmadhye up-dhatoo chamak anekada aadhalate.
kachechi chamak.
kachechya khanije kachechi chamak detat. (hii sandnya lattin bhashet 'kaach' yaa shabdapasoon aalee aahe, 'vitram'.) yaa prakarchi chamak hii sarvat samanyapane disanari aahe aanee tulanene qamee apavartak nirdeshank asalelya pardarshak kinwa ardhpardarshak khanijanmadhye aadhalate. samanya udaharananmadhye calcite, quartz, pukhraj, beryl, tourmaline aanee fluorite yancha samavesh hoto.
menachi chamak.
menachya khanijanmadhye menasarkhi chamak asate. udaharananmadhye jaid aanee chalcedoni yancha samavesh hoto.
optical ghatana.
tarankan.
tarankit aakarachya tejaswi kshetrache pradarshan heey tarankan aahe. heey kahee nilmani aanee manikanmadhye disun yete, jithe teey rutailchya ashuddhatemule hote. heey garnet, diopside aanee spinalmadhyehi houu shakate.
aventurescence.
aventurescence (kinwa aventurization) haah chamkasarkha paravartak prabhav aahe. heey sookshm, pradhanyane kendrit asalelya khanij plateletspasoon padarthamadhye udbhavate. yaa platelets itakya mothya pramanat aahet qee tyaa padarthachya sharirachya rangavarhi prabhav taktat. aventurine quartzmadhye, crome-vahak futuchsite hiravya dagadasathi tayar hote aanee vividh loh auxides laal dagadasathi tayar hotat.
chattoincy.
chakriy khanije chamakdar pattya pradarshit karatat, jyaa namuna firavalyanantar haltana disatat. ashee khanije samantar tantunni (kinwa tantumay riktata kinwa samavesh asaleli) banaleli asatat, jee prakashala tyanchya dishela lumb dishene paravartit karatat, asha prakare prakashachya arund pattya tayar karatat. sarvat prasiddha udaharane mhanje vaghacha dolha aanee cymophane, parantu yacha parinam aquamarine, moonstone aanee tourmaline yasarkhya itar khanijanmadhye dekhil houu shakato.
rung badal.
rung badal samanyatah alexandrite yaa vividh prakarchya chrysoberyl ratnanmadhye aadhalato. itar ratne dekhil rung-badal prakaranmadhye aadhaltat, jyat nilmani, garnet, spinal yancha samavesh aahe (parantu itakech maryadit nahee). alexandrite majboot plocroisms prakashavar avalambun asalela rung badal darshavite. aluminiumchya chhotya pramanat chromium oxidechya badalamule heey ratna tayar hote, jeey alekzandraitchya vaishishtyapurn hiravya teey laal rung badalasathi jababdar aahe. rashiyatil ural parvatanmadhil alexandrite divasachya prakashane hirwa aanee tapmanachya prakashane laal asato. alexandrite itar prakar divasa pivalya kinwa gulabi rangache asoo shakatat aanee agnishikha prakashane columbine kinwa raspberry laal asoo shakatat. rung badal sarvottam kinwa "aadarsh" changla panni hirwa teey bareek jambhala laal asel, parantu heey durmil aahe.
indradhanushya.
indradhanushya mhanje indradhanushya rangachya prakashacha 'khel' kinwa 'agni' joou ratnachya prushthbhagakhali atishay patal niyamit sanrachana kinwa tharanmule hoto. panyavaril telachya patal tharapramanech, heey thurr paravartit prakashachya kirananmadhye hastakshep karatat, kahee ranganna balkat karatat aanee itar radd karatat. maulyavan opalmadhye indradhanushya tyachya sarvottam sthiteet disate.
shiller.
shiller (german, shabdasha 'zagmagat'), haah dhatuchya prushthbhagachya khalee ugam pavnara dhatucha prakash asato joou khanijanchya tharanmadhye prakash paravartit hoto tevha udbhavato. heey moonstone aanee labradoritemadhye disate aanee adularescence aanee aventurescence khoop samya aahe.

