
ingraji malmatta kayada

ingraji malmatta kayada haah ingland aanee velsmadhil maulyavan malmatteche sampadan, vatpacha aanee sanrakshanacha kayada aahe. united kingdamcha bhag asatana, scots malmatta kayadyache anek ghatak bhinn aahet. englandmadhye malmatta kayadyat chaar mukhya vishayancha samavesh aaheh
jaminitil malmatta heey vastavik malmattechya kayadyache kshetra aahe. vyavsayik kayada aanee diwalkhorisathi vaiyaktik malmattecha kayada visheshtah mahattvacha aahe. trustcha ingraji malmatta kayadyatil pratyek goshtivar parinam hoto. bauddhik sampada hii dekhil malmatta kayadyachi eka mahattvachi shakha aahe. nondanikrut nasalelya jaminisathi ingraji kayadyatil nondanikrut nasaleli jameen pahaa.
vaiyaktik malmatta.
malmatteche vastavik aanee vaiyaktik asha done bhaganmadhye vibhajan heey mothya pramanat roman kayadyat yogayogane manyataprapt aanee tevhapasoon samanyatah swikarlelya sthavar aanee jangam asha done bhaganmadhye vibhajan darshavate. "blackstonechya matey, "vaiyaktik goshti mhanje vastoo, paisa aanee itar serve jangam vastoo jyaa malkachya vyaktila jithe jaane yogya vatel tithe pohochu shakatat. chull vastunshi vaiyaktik goshtinchi hii olakh, jaree siddhantatah tarkik asali taree, malmatta vastavik asalelya kahee pramanat visangatipurna sthitimule, ingraji niyam purnapane vyakt karat nahee. englandmadhye vastavik malmatta hii vaiyaktik malmattepeksha pratishthechya babatit shreshth manali jaate, jee mulat kayadeshir drushtikonatun qamee mahattvachi hotee. haah drushtikon saranjami kalpanancha parinam aahe aanee roman vyavasthet tyala sthan navhate, jyamadhye sthavar vastoo aanee jangam vastoo shakya titkya tyach paddhatine hatalalya jaat hotya aanee tyach niyamannusar utaralya jaat hotya. englandmadhye ajunahi astitvat asalelya vastavik aanee vaiyaktik malmattetil mukhya farak pudhilpramane aaheth
vaiyaktik malmatta ingraji kayadyat sthavar malmatta aanee vaiyaktik malmatta asha done bhaganmadhye vibhagali gelee aahe; nantarchya bhagachi punha malkichya aanee krutitil nivadimadhye vibhagani kelee gelee aahe (malmatta pahaa; nivadaleli).
vaiyaktik malmattetil vyaj ektar paripoorn kinwa patra asoo shakate. nantarche prakaran pranyandvare 'ferra natcher' dware spasht kele gele aahe, jyamadhye malmatta keval najarkaidet sahvyapi aahe. vaiyaktik malmatta adhibhogadvare (roman kayadyachya 'pravesh', 'samanvay' aanee 'sambhram' saha), shodhadvare, paytant aanee copyrite mhanoon kinwa hastantaranadvare, ektar kayadyachya kayadyadvare (diwalkhori, nirnay aanee antargrahan) kinwa pakshachya kayadyadvare (bhetvastu, karar aanee ichchhenusar) midavali jaau shakate.
ashee anek prakarane aahet jyat, kayadyanusar kinwa anyatha, malmatta jyaa vastavik kinwa vaiyaktik shrenichi aahe, tee swabhavikpane sambandhit asalyache disate, tyaa vargatoon kadhoon ghetali jaate. jameen kharedimadhye kinwa paishat rupantarit karnyasathi nirdeshit kelelya jaminimadhye niyukt karnyasathi nirdeshit kelelya paishanchya rupantaranachya nyayya siddhantachya amalbajavanidware, samanyatah malmattechi tee prajati manali jaate jyamadhye tyache rupantar karnyache nirdesh dile jaatat. malmatta "prathamdarshani" vastavik, jyala vaiyaktik manale jaate, tyache eka udaharan mhanje malmatta "purn swatantrapane", jee 1740 pasoon, vishesh rahivashanchya anupasthitit vaiyaktik malmatta mhanoon vitarit kelee jaate. malmatta, varsa, jase qee karare aanee kautumbik chitre, aanee kahee junya companyanmadhil sambhag, naveen nadee company mhanoon, jee kayadyanusar sthavar malmatta aahet, hii 'prathamdarshani' vaiyaktik malmattechi udaharane aahet, jee vastavik manali jaatat. samanya prakarananmadhye, jarr bhagdharkanna jaminichya rupat jaminivar vaiyaktikaritya kahee swarasya nasel tarr companyanmadhil sambhag vaiyaktik malmatta asatat.
scots kayadyachya varshane milananya aanee halavata yenyajogya sandnya mothya pramanat ingraji kayadyachya vastavik aanee vaiyaktik attinshi sambandhit aahet. farkache mukhya mudde pudhilpramane aaheth
americetil kayada bahutek babatint englandshee sahmat aahe. varsa adnyat aahet, eka kaaran mhanje, nondani kayadyanchya amalbajavanimule, malki-kagadpatranche mahatva englandpeksha khoopach qamee aahe yaat shanka nahee. kahee rajyanmadhye dirghkalasathi tyanna mukt malkichya malmattanchi malmatta jodali gelee aahe. kahee rajyanmadhye malmatta "purn swatva" hii sthavar malmattepramane utarate; itaranmadhye malmatta "purn swatva" hii keval anudandharkachya aayushyatach mukt malki manali jaate; tyachya mrutyunantar tee malmatta vastavik malmatta banate. itar rajyanmadhye varsala vishesh rahivasi mhanoon swarasya asate. kahee rajyanmadhye relvecha roading stock purnapane vaiyaktik manla jaato, tarr itaranmadhye too eka bhag manla jaato aanee tyamule too sthavar malmattechya swarupacha bhag asato. suruvatichya kahee american mahamandalanmadhil sambhag, englandmadhil naveen nadee bhaganpramanech, marylandmadhil cape sebal companychya babatit kayadyanusar sthavar malmatta banavanyat aale hote. louisianamadhye pashupalanat kaam karnare prani aahet aanee gulamanna sthavar vastoo manale jaat asey. charchmadhil church hii samanyatah vastavik malmatta asate, parantu kahee rajyanmadhye tyanna kayadyanusar vaiyaktik malmatta banavale jaate. nivadichi niyukti samanyatah parvanagi aahe aanee bahutek rajyanmadhye kayadyane niyantrit kelee jaate. yuu. doubleu.)
vishvasarh.
1997 saalee lagoo jhalelya jameen vishvast aanee vishvast niyukti kayada 1996 (tolata) dware jaminichya vishvastanshi sambandhit kayadyat badal karnyat aala. yacha lakshaniy parinam jhaala, visheshtah diwalkhori aanee kautumbik gharache sambandhit mahatva-'reshare' 2001 pahaa. jaminichya vishvast mandal aanee manavadhikar kayada 1998 yaa sandarbhatahi charcha jhaali aahe.