german mahasanghache kille

1815 chya parisachya shantatechya atinnusar, francechya bhavishyatil konatyahi aakramanapasun german mahasanghache sanrakshn karnyasathi killyanchya reshechya bandhkamasathi francela paise dyave lagale. serve kille austriya aanee prushiyachya baher sthit hote-yaa mahasanghachya done sarvat mothya, mothya shakti hotya.
3 november 1815 roji, mainz, luxemberg aanee landau heey germanychya mahasanghache kille asalyache ghoshit kele aanee varchya gendyavar chautha killa bandhanyachi aut ghatali. yaa kayadyachya anushangane, nidhicha eka bhag, joou francela teela shantatapurn payavar thevanyachya kharchasathi nuksanbharpai mhanoon bharnyas bhag padala gela hota, asha prakare viniyog karnyat aalah menz yetheel kaame purn karnyasathi £2,00,000 bajula thewale gele; 800,000 pound russiala denyat aale, jeey khalchya gendyavaril killyanvar lagoo kele gele; aanakhi 800,000 pound varchya gendyavar naveen federal killa bandhanyasathi rakheev thevanyat aale; aanee bavariala gendyavar, germershame kinwa itar kahee thikani aanakhi eka majboot jaaga ubharanyasathi £6,00,000 chee parvanagi denyat aalee.
1835 paryant menzchi kaame purn jhaali; coblenz aanee ehrenbratestein aanee kolonche jule kille prushiyachya bajula mubalak pramanat majboot kele gele hote; aanee, bavarian bajula, germershemcha killa varchya gendyavaril margache rakshan karnyasathi sthiteet hota. asha prakare germanychya paschim simevar tyanchya tyanchya sambhavya shatrupakshanchya karvaiviruddha eka bhakkam sanrakshn pradan karnyat aale hote. posen yethe eka majboot killa ubharalyamule germanychya purvekadil bhagala atirikt balkati midali aahe; aanee tyrolmadhil brickson yethe bandhkamadarmyanchya prachand kamanmule dakshineche aanakhi sanrakshn hone baakee hote.
ulmacha killa 100,000 purush aanee tyanchi upkarane samavoon ghenyas saksham asalela eka pramukh dhoranatmak killa banala. wrttembergchya rajyat abhiyantriki dall naslyamule raja william pahila yane moritz carl ernst wonn pretwitz yaa russian mejarala killyanchya imarativar dekhrekh thevanyasathi paryavekshak mhanoon niyukt kele. tyachya yojnanmadhye shaharachya sambhavya vikasasathichya tartudincha samavesh hota. danubechya bavarian bajula nyulmchya bhovati killyanchya bandhkamachya dekharekhisathi mejar theodor wonn hildebrandchi niyukti karnyat aalee hotee.
itihas.
1815 madheel parisachya tahanusar austriya, united kingdam, russia aanee russian samrajya yaa chaar vijayi shaktinni 3 november 1815 roji german mahasanghachya killyanpramane shaharanna menz, luxemberg aanee landau asey naav dile. 11 julai 1822 roji federal warr sanvidhanachya ("bundescrigsverfsungs") eka atirikt kalmane kararantargat mahasanghachya tyanchya lagoo kelya.
mothya vilambanantar mahasanghane killyancha taba ghetala. 15 december 1825 roji mainzchya sanghiy killyavar, 13 march 1826 roji luxembergcha sanghiy killa aanee 27 janewari 1831 roji landocha sanghiy killa tabyat ghenyat aala. yaa junya killyanna 1841 madhye rastatcha done naveen federal killa aanee 1842 madhye ulmacha federal killa yanni purak kele. 1865 madhye gastin adhiveshanat heey manya karnyat aale qee rendsberg haah eka sanghiy killa banel parantu 1866 madhye mahasanghachya visarjanamule teey kadhihi jhaale nahee.
heey kille thet mahasanghachya federal assembly ("bundesworsamlung") aanee federal miiliitary commission ("bandesmilitarcommission") chya adheen hote. coblenzcha killa haah tatbandisathi aadarsh hota, hii bahubhuj pranali mhanoon rachana keleli aanee prushiyane vikasit keleli killyachya kamanchi eka pranali hotee.
yaa killya mahasanghachya suruvatila kendriya sanghiy sanghiy kshamateche ekmev prabhavi lakshan hote. mahasanghache prateek asalelya duheri dokyacha garud serve tofkhanyanvar korala gela hota.
karya.
killyanche lashkari karya pramukhyane fransviruddha paschim seema surakshit karane heey hote. hote shatkachya purvardhat sanghiy sanrakshn sankalpanet killyanni madhyavarti sthan midavale. federal killyanni ('bundesfestungen') federal sainyache ('bandeshir') ekagratela cover kele pahije, jarr yuddh suru jhaale tarr pratispardhyala vel-darodyasathi vedha ghalanyas bhag padave aanee swatachya sanrakshanatmak krutyansathi operation bases asava.
tyanchya varanvar ughad madhyamatoon aanee pratikool sthananmule killyanna keval vaiyaktik german rajyanchya itar killyanchya sahkaryane, visheshtah gendyatil russian killa pranalimule mahatva midale.
prashasana.
killyacha governor ("festungsgoverner") haah sanghiy killyachya prashasanasathi jababdar hota, lashkari prashasanasathi killyacha commandant ("festungscomendant") hota. tyaa rajyachya pramukhane doghannahi naav dile hote, jyane killyatil bahusankhya sainya puravale hote. rajyapal aanee commandant yaa doghannahi killyatil tyanchya tyanchya swikartana shapath ghyavi lagat asey, jyamule tyanna keval mahasanghache hitsambandh aanee sanrakshn amalat aanane bhag padale.
killyanchya dekhbhalisathi, sadasya deshanchya shulkadvare aanee french bharpaichya 60 dashalaksh frankdware vittapuravatha karnyasathi federal matrick fund ("bandesmatricularcase") sthapan karnyat aala.
sanghiy kille.
mainz.
10 august 1817 chya carlsbad aadeshanusar, mainz killyachya chhavanit shantatechya velee prusianchya ardhya aanee austriyan sainyachya ardhya tukadyancha samavesh hota. darr paach varshanni senapatila prussia kinwa austriya yanni aavartane naav dile jayache. 6, 000 austriyan aanee prussian lokanvyatirikt, chhawani bharnyasathi 1,000 sainikanchi majboot heshiyan batalian dekhil niyukt kelee jaanar hotee. kharey tarr hii takad kadhich sadhya jhaali nahee. killyachya junya madhyabhagi purn shakti thevanyasathi pureshi jaaga navhati.
wartimesathi wartimesathi takad 21,000 purushanchi asavi. 3 march 1831 roji federal asemblichya tharavanusar austriyan aanee prussian vyatirikt shevatcha tisra sangharajyiy sainyachya rakheev vibhagatoon aala pahije. killyachya madhyabhagi aanee shaharachya bhintivar basavane dekhil shakya navhate. tyamule, aajubajuchya tekdyanvar killyanchya chaar pattyanmadhye vegale kelele kille niyojit niyojananusar bandhanyat aale.
luxemberg.
luxembergchya killyachya killyachya teen chaturthansh prussian aanee eka chaturthansh dutch nagarikancha samavesh hota. 8 november 1816 pasoonchya atirikt aadeshat, luxembergcha grand duke asalelya sanyukt netherlandschya rajane, pruciala luxembergsathi governor aanee killyacha senapati nemanyacha adhikar deela. shantatechya kalat aavashyak asalelya 4,000 sainikanvyatirikt-eka shakti jee kadhihi sadhya jhaali navhati-yuddhakalat atirikt 1,500 prussian aanee 500 dutch sainik asavet lagale.
tyamule luxembergchya yuddhakalin chhavanichi takad 7,000 manse aanee 200 ghode ashee nishchit karnyat aalee hotee. killyat 22 kille hote, tyapaiki 15 killya madhyabhagi aanee 7 killya bahya bhagat hotya, tyamule yaa sankhyanchi khoop garaj hotee. khadakanmadhye mothya pramanat khadde aanee 22 qii. mea. lambiche bogade bandhanyat aale. mhanunach luxembergla 'uttarekadil gibraltar' mhatale jaat asey. luxembergchya sankatavar rajnaitik tadjod mhanoon londonchya kararat (1867) asey manya karnyat aale qee 24 luxemberg kille aanee tyanchi bahya kaame padali jaatil.
landau.
shantatechya kalat, moolatah 2,800 bavarian sadasyancha samavesh hota. yuddh jhalyas baddenla bavariachya vinantivarun yuddhakalatil 6,000 sainikanpaiki eka trutiyansh lokanna tainat karave lagale. federal aarmicha rakheev payadal vibhag sthapan kelyanantar rachana badalanyat aalee. 3 march 1831 roji federal assemblyne paribhashit kele qee rakheev vibhagachya 2,300 purushanni purn karnyasathi yuddhakalin dalat 4,000 bavarianchi takad asavi. rajyapal aanee senapati yanchi niyukti bavariyane kelee hotee.
sebastian leey prestrey dii vaubanchya yojanannusar 1688 madhye landouchya aaspas killyache bandhkam suru jhaale hote aanee 18 vya shatkat teey suru hote. 19 vya shatkatil lahan aanee kalbahya jhalelya killyat bahubhuj pranali hotee, jyachya bajula casemated manore hote. german mahasanghachya kalat killyachi vaadh anek vegale killyanni kelee hotee.
rastat aanee ulmmadhye naveen kille.
sangharajyachya sanrakshn kshamatesathi konate shahar changle hote, hii charcha 1830 chya dashakat nirnayak shikharavar pohochali. austriyane swatachya simanche coverage aanee ulmmadhye dakshin germanysathi sanrakshanatmak sankalpanela pathimba deela. dakshin german rajyanni tyaeivaji varchya gendyavar swatache sanrakshn majboot karnyasathi rustatla pasanti dilee. prussia paramparikpane dakshin german rajyanchya nirnayanna pradhanya dett asey, kaaran teey swatachya suraksha rajkaranasarkhech hote.
yaa adakalelya paristhitit wrttembergchya william pahila yane donhi shaharanche kille bandhanyachi soochana kelee. yaa bhoomikeche samarthan federal miiliitary commissionchya ("bundesmilitarcommission") prussian vakilane kele. dirghkal chalalelya vataghatinantar august 1838 madhye bavariyachya rajala aanee 1839 madhye federal miiliitary commissionchya austriyan vakilala yaa yojanambaddal patvoon denyat too yashasvi jhaala. parantu keval rastat aanee ulmchya sanghiy killyanchya bandhkamabaddal eka nishchit aadesh gendyachya sankatachya prabhavakhali denyat aala. 26 march 1841 roji federal assemblyne donhi kille bandhanyacha nirnay ghetala.
donhi killyanchya bandhkamane eka bajula prussia aanee dakshin german rajyanchya lashkari dhoranatmak sankalpaneshi aanee kaame bajula austriyachya sanrakshanatmak sankalpaneshi barobari karnyasathi lashkari tadjodiche pratinidhitva kele. donhi kille tyanchya kalat abhedya mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale hote.
rastat.
rastatcha sanghiy killa purnapane baddenchya grand dachichya hatat hota. grand duchyne prashasanachi nivad kelee. shantatechya kalat sampoorn dalat baddenche sainik hote, yuddhakalat tyat done trutiyansh badden aanee eka trutiyansh austriyan asateel yavar sahmati jhaali. killyachya bandhkamane dakshin germanytil prushiyachi lashkari sthitee majboot kelee, kaaran tyane rayan yetheel dakshin german sainikanna sahkarya karnyachya russiachya hetula pathimba deela.
mukhya killyane badden shaharala vedhale aanee tyat teen kille (ludwigfeste, leopoldfeste aanee friedrichfeste) hote, jyanche swatantrapane sanrakshn kele jaau shakat hote. naveen russian killa pranalinusar bandhalele rastat heey aajubajuchya bhupradeshashi julavun ghetale. bachavatmak aaghadiche kendra paschim, dakshin aanee purv bhagat hote, tarr uttar bajoo bhupradeshane jhakaleli hotee.
ulm.
ulmacha killa danubechya donhi bajunna pasarlelya sanrakshanasah hota-dakshin germanychya sanrakshanasathi madhyavarti bindu aanee mukhya prashikshan kshetra. russian bandhkam vyavasthapak mauritz carl ernst wonn pretwitz und gaffron yanchya prashasanakhali europemadhil sarvat mothya killyanpaiki eka mhanoon too bandhala gela hota. tyane wrttembergmadhil ulm aanee bavariyatil nyu-ulm shaharanna vedhale aanee 16 vegale kille aanee eka vistrut khandak pranali hotee. killyat 20,000 purush thevanyachi yojana aakhanyat aalee hotee-almakade tyaveli 16,000 nagrik hote-100,000 purushanna thevanyasathi vistar karanyachi yojana aakhanyat aalee hotee. shantatechya kalat, tyavar bahutansh vela sanghiy sainyachya 5,000 sainikanni kabja keela hota. too kadhihi yuddhakalat sashastr naslyamule, killyala pahilya mahayuddhanantar nashasathi niyukt kele gele navhate aanee bahutek kaame kaame mahayuddhadarmyan aapatkalin aapatkalin mhanoon vaparali gelee, mhanoon aaj sumare done trutiyansh kille jatan kele gele aahet.
dhoranatmak niyojan.
1859 madhye 'colburnchya united service masikane' eka prussian tofkhana tofkhana kelele punaravalokan prakashit kele jyat german mahasanghachya pashchatya sanrakshanancha aadhava samavisht hota.
france 'koop dii maine' chaa prayatna karoo shakel aanee strasbergmadhye achanak eka mothe sainya kendrit karnyasathi railway vahatukicha vapar karoon alsesdware nairutya germanyvar achanak aakraman karoo shakel ashee germanyla chinta hotee. tyane rastat, ulm aanee ingolstadchya killyansah yaa shakyatecha pratikar keela, jeey german tatbandichya pranalivar bandhale gele hote aanee europemadhil kahee sarvat majboot kille hote. germanyla ashee apeksha hotee qee yaa margane hallah tayar french sainyala ulm aanee rustatchya aadhi thambave lagel. bavariya, wrttemberg, baden aanee mahasanghachi shejaril rajye, tyaa killyanchya jhakanakhali, pudhil german sainyabal bolavalya jaiparyant, shatrula kahee kaal niyantranat thevatat.
germanykade nairutyela kahee kille hote. rastat haah simevaril ekmev balekilla hota. tyachya mageel bajus 86 mail (140 qii. mea.) ulam aanee ulamchya palikade 69 mail (112 qii. mea.) ingolstadchya killyachi mandani kelee. heey teen bindu varchya gendyachya madhomadhun, purvekade, samkonane kadhalelya saral reshet jawaljawal padale. ulmchya uttares, gendyapasoon dekhil barech antar, eka chautha bindu hota, wurjbergcha killa.
rastat yane gendyachya ujavya kathavaril talapasoon mukhya rastyaparyantcha serve rasta aanee kalya jangalachya kahee khindinna aadnya dilee. tyache vishesh mahatva heey aahe qee landau-germershemchi jawaljawal abhedya sthitee mhanoon manalya manalya sthitila tyane adhik takad dilee aanee tyane gendyachya pratyek margala alsesachya bajula bajula kele. 1859 madhye rustatla mool prastavit kelyapramane tall thokun thevalele tall upalabdh karoon denyat aale navhate, parantu franceshee achanak yuddh jhalyas, matichi kaame fekali jaau shakali asatee jee tyaa trutichi bharpai karoo shakali asatee, parantu tall thokalelya talavina dekhil rustatla eka prachand killa manale jaat asey.
tyachya kamanchya tantrik purnatepeksha qamee qamee, bhavya dhoranatmak sthitisah ulm, tyala europemadhil itar konatyahi killyachya barobarine (kadachit verona vagalata) thewa. yashivay, ulmache eka prachand tall hote, jeey 100,000 sainikanna samavoon ghenyas saksham hote; tethe kendrit sainya anek dishanni aakraman karoo shakat hote.
dhoranatmakdrushtya, ingolstadtla ulmaitke changle sthan denyat aale navhate; tathapi, german dhanushyasathi tee dusari dori hotee, kaaran danubecha marg ughadanyasathi tee ghyavi lagel. tyachi kille atishay majboot hotee aanee jarr maghar maghar sainyane majboot kele tarr teey lavkar ghene katheen tharel.
gavat gavat donhi bajunni uttam raste vahat hote. menz aanee strasberg darmyan ujavya aanee davya ujavya yaa rastyanchi sankhya sarvat jaast aahe. madhya aanee khalchya gendyachya aanee lagatchya pradeshanchya sanrakshanasathi germanymadhye nauu kille hote. yapaiki, vessel, collon, coblenz, menz, germershame aanee landau hii kharee gendyachi kille hotee; urvarit teen-dakshinekadil luxemberg aanee sarlois aanee german gandbhumichya uttareteel julich, french, belgian aanee dutch simeviruddha kahee pramanat aashray detat. yaa killyancha samooh aanee pahili nave dileli thikane nantarchya killyapeksha khoop majboot aahet heey vastusthiti darshavate qee german tatbandichi pranali ishanyekadil frenchanchya tulanet agadi bhinn tattvanvar aadharit hotee. germanyne aapali seema, jase qee anek lahan killyanni, tee hotee, tee bund thevanyacha prayatna kadhich keela nahee, jeey tethe asalelya rastyanchi sankhya lakshat gheta, kharokharach avyavharya tharale asate. tyane aanakhi antardeshiy bhagatoon maghar ghetali hotee, urvarit sainya maidanatil eka mothya sainyavar sodale hote, jeey prashansaneey gendyachya killyanchya pathimbyane lavkarach konatyahi dishene aakraman tayar shatruviruddha pudhe jaau shakat hote aanee suruvatila parabhoot jhaale taree, balkat sainya yeiparyant gendyavar aapali jameen tikavoon thevanyas saksham hote.
collon, coblenz, menz aanee germershame yaa mothya tatbandichya chhavanya ubharun hii uddisht sadhya karnyat aalee hotee. yaa chaar thikananpaiki, jee serve majboot kamanmule gendyachya ujavya ujavya jodaleli hotee, pratyek thikan jawaljawal abhedya mhanoon pahile jaat hote. tyanna majboot sainyadalachi garaj hotee heey kharey aahe-ektritpane, eka lakshaniy sainya. parantu germanychi sainikansathi kadhihi white sthitee navhati yacha vichar naan karata, aakraman tayar sainyachi pramanbaddh takad dekhil soochit hote. joparyant 150,000 teey 200,000 purush yaa chaar bindunmadhye kinwa tyanchya jawal kendrit hote aanee joparyant tyanchyapaiki konalahi ghetale jaat nahee, toparyant 300,000 peksha qamee shaktishali konatehi french sainya lotterberg aanee vessel darmyan gendya olandanyacha prayatna karoo shakat navhate. germershamepasoon koblenzparyantchi gendyachi resha sarvat majboot hotee. tethe landau aanee germershame yanni davya hatachi gendyachi daree purnapane strasbergchya bajula bund kelee, kaaran yaa tappyavar 100,000 purushanni atishay jaast sankhyechya tulanet sahajpane dirghkal swatache sthan rakhale asate.
yaa bhagatil sarvat kamkuvat bindu vessel aanee collon darmyan hota, parantu asey manale jaat hote qee dutch simechya aaspaschya bhagane tyaa bajula hallah karane ashakya hote; shivay, ujavya ujavya veselchi sthitee khoop fayade dete. parantu yaa tarkheparyant, 'german traimasik punaravalokanat' ahwal tayar tayar german tofkhana tofkhana, luxembergla konatehi mothe dhoranatmak mahatva dile nahee, kaaran tyachi sthitee kahishi vegali hotee aanee 1859 paryant tyachi takad asoonahi tee junie jhaali hotee aanee theonville, metz, vardan, longvi aanee montmady yaa french killyanchya nikatatemule tyachi dhoranatmak sthitee nishprabhavi jhaali hotee. julich aanee saar-lui yanna ajunahi qamee dhoranatmak mahatva hote.
yaa punaravalokanat dakshinekadun ektar austriyachya madhyamatoon madhyamatoon sambhavya hallyancha dekhil ullekh karnyat aala aahe (jyache germanyche mitra mhanoon ladhane apekshit hote, jyache swatache mantua aanee veronache dhoranatmak kille hote, kinwa france ektar switzerlandvar aakraman karoon kinwa switzerlandware tatasthata sodoon aanee francechi bajoo ghet switzerlandware hallah karanyachi shakyata hotee. asha hallyapasoon bachav karnyasathi rajkaran aanee naisargik vaishishtyanvar avalambun rahanyacha germanancha hetu hota, bahudha varchya nekar, varchya danube aanee aajari lokanmadhil bhagat eka mothe maidani sainya tainat karoon. jarr frenchanni beljiyammadhun hallah keela tarr germananni pratiaakraman karoo shakat nahee toparyant antwerpcha killa rashtriy pratikar mhanoon tikoon raheel ashee germananna apeksha hotee.

