aadya-berber bhasha

proto-berber kinwa proto-libian hii punarnirmit proto-bhasha aahe jithun aadhunik berber bhasha utaratat. proto-berber hii eka afroatiatic bhasha hotee aanee tyamule tichya vanshaj berber bhasha egyptian bhasha, kushitik bhasha, semitic bhasha, chadic bhasha aanee omotic bhashanchya chulat bhawande aahet.
itihas.
proto-berber hii ashee vaishishtye darshavate jee tyala afroatiaticchya itar serve shakhanpasun spashtapane vegale karate, parantu aadhunik berber bhasha tulanene eksandh aahet. itar dnyat afroatiatic shakhanpasun vibhajan khoop pracheen hote, tarr 10,000-9,000 varshanpurvichya kramanusar, glotochronological abhyasanusar, proto-berber 3,000 varshanpurvicha asoo shakato. luali aanee phillipson (2003) yanni pashudhan-sangopanachya shabdik punarrachanechya aadhare, sumare 7,000 varshanpurvicha proto-berber 1 (pii. bii. 1) tappa aanee samkalin berber bhashanche thet purvaj mhanoon proto-berber 2 (pii. bii. 2) tappa prastavit keela aahe.
ii. sha. puu. puu sahasrabdimadhye, proto-berber bhashik morokkopasoon egyptparyant yaa bhagat pasarale. ii. sha. puu. chya shevatchya sahasrabdimadhye, aanakhi eka berber vistaramule roman nondinmadhye nondavalelya berber lokanchi nirmiti jhaali. antim prasar ii. sha. chya pahilya sahasrabdimadhye jhaala, jevha aata unt asalele tuareg madhya saharamadhye gele; purvi, saharache uttarekadil bhag aatachya tulanet barech jaast rahnyayogya hote.
gharguti jugarachya serve pramukh prajatinsathi punarrachana aahet parantu proto-barbarmadhil untasathi ekahi nahee heey soochit karate qee tyache bolanare pashudhan tayar karatat aanee pashupalak hote.
dusari dating pranali ii. sha. puu. puu sahasrabditil semitic aanee egyptianchya pracheen tappyanche vaishishtya asalelya farkanchya tapasanivar aadharit aahe. anek sanshodhakanni andaj vartavala aahe qee yaa farkanchya vikasala 4,000 varshe lagali, parinami ii. sha. puu. aathvya sahasrabdimadhye yaa bhasha kutumbache sahaa bhinn gatanmadhye (semitic, egyptian, berber, kushitik, chadic aanee omotic) vibhajan jhaale. asha prakare proto-afroatiatic heey dahavya sahasrakapasun aahe kaaran yaa bhasha kutumbatil yaa vegvegalya shakha jyaa tappyavar vikasit jhalya tyaa tappyavar pohochayala kiman 2,000 varshe lagali.
tyaa drushtikonatun, aathvya sahasrabdimadhye proto-afroatiaticpasoon door jaanara proto-berber haah pahila berber tappa hota. jawaljawal 10,000 varshant tyachi anek vela punarrachana karnyat aalee, jyane tyala tyachya aadhunik aakarapasun vegale kele, jyane kahee avashesh jatan kele aahet.
roser blench (2018) asey suchavatat qee pashupalakatvachya prasaramule, mool-berber bhashik nail nadichya nadichya uttar aafrikeparyant pasarale hote aanee sumare 2,000 varshanpurvi uttar aafriket roman samrajyacha vistar hott asatana tyanni tivra bhashecha samtol anubhavala. tyamule, jaree berber anek hazar varshanpurvi aafroashiyatikpasun vibhakt jhaala hota, taree proto-berberchi punarbandhani keval 200 aii. paryantchya kalavadhiparyantach kelee jaau shakate.dii. blench (2018) neey nondavale aahe qee burber itar afroatiatic shakhanpeksha lakshaniyaritya vegala aahe, parantu aadhunik kalatil burber bhasha qamee antargat vividhata darshavtat. proto-barbarmadhil punic karjanchi upasthiti ii. sha. puu. 145 madhye karthejchya patananantar aadhunik burber bhashechya prakaranchya vaividhyikaranakade nirdesh karate.see.; fakt gwanche aanee zenagamadhye punic karj shabdancha abhav aahe. yavyatirikt, proto-barbarmadhil lattin karj shabd heey 0-200 aaa darmyan proto-barbarache vibhajan darshavtat.dii. yaa kalat, bail-nangar, unt aanee baganchya vyavasthapanasah roman navkalpanancha sweekar roman samrajyachya "chunkhadi" kinwa simevaril berber samudayanni keela. blenchchya matey, yamule eka naveen vyapari sanskruti nirman jhaali jyat bhashecha vapar samavisht hota, jee mool-vyapari bunley.
punarbandhani.
yaa bhashechya pracheen tappyanchi punarrachana vividh tappyanmadhil itar afro-ashiyai bhashanshi tulana karnyavar aanee aadhunik burber bhashanchya vividh prakaranmadhil kinwa tuaregashi tulana karnyavar aadharit aahe, jyanna prasesarkhe kahee lekhak proto-burber sarvottam sanrakshit karnari vividhata manatat.
dhvanyatmakata.
proto-barbarachi dhvanyatmak yadee midvanyachya aadhichya kahee prayatnanvar tuaaregcha visheshtah puratan asalyachya tyachya samjamule motha prabhav padala hota.
swar.
carl jee. presse aanee marten kosman yanni teen lahan swaranchi/aaa/,/aay/,/yuu/aanee chaar lamb swaranchi/aaa/,/aay/,/yuu/aanee/eae/punarbandhani kelee. aadhunik burber bhashanmadhil tyanche mukhya pratibimb khaleel taktyat darshavile aaheth
tuareg aanee gadmesmadhye dekhil/oo/aahe, jeey tuaaregmadhil swar susanvadadvare/yuu/pasoon aanee gadmesmadhye * aii. aii. emm. pasoon vikasit jhalyache disate.
allatine sahaa swaranni banalelya mool-swar pranalichi punarrachana kelee aaheh i, u, e, o, a. 
proto-afroatiatic nasalelya lamb swaranshivay (see. eff. diaconoff, 1965:31,40; bomhard ett kernus, 1994:107, itaransah) aanee teey kahee aadhunik berber prakaranmadhye (toureg, gadames, aanee itar) vikasit jhaale...), hii pranali tuaregsah aagney barbarachya prakaranmadhye jatan kelee jaate. heey prastavit proto-afroatiatic gayan pranalichya (diaconoff, 1965,1988) titkech jawal aahe.
alekzandar militarev tyachya mool-swarupat/aaa/,/aay/,/yuu/swaranchi punarrachana karato.
vyanjan.
cosmanne proto-barbarsathi khaleel vyanjan dhwanichi punarrachana keleeh
aadhunik burber bhashanpramanech, bahutek proto-burber vyanjananmadhye samdharmi kaal pratirup hote, fakt * β, * α haah apavad vagalata.
kahee zenati bhashanmadhye * Â aanee * g heey vyanjan vegale rahile aaheth
tyachpramane, proto-burber * see, genati nasalelya prakaranmadhye "keey" shhee sambandhit, zenatimadhye "shh" banale (parantu yasathi anek aniyamit patravyavahar aadhaltat). udaharanarth, "câm" you (f. ess. jee.) "shm" banate. (nafusi aanee sivimadhyehi haah badal hoto.)
purvekadil berber bhashah
zenatimadhye proto-burber * "-β" heey "-i" jhaale aahe. udaharanarth, * 'arab "" liha "" ari "banate. (haah badal izayan, nafusi aanee sivichya madhyavarti atlus tamazite bolibhashesaha vividh prakaranmadhye dekhil hoto.)
aadya-shabdkar * β heey β mhanoon jatan jatan gadames aanee avajila yaa ekmev shabdkar bhasha aahet; barbarmadhil itaratra tyaa "etch" hotat kinwa nahisha hotat.
allatine (see. eff.) punarnirmit keleli proto-berber vyanjan pranali. allati, 2002,2011) haah pracheen toponomical staranmadhye, libian shilalekhanmadhye aanee aadhunik berber prakaranmadhye jatan kelelya yaa bhashechya pracheen tappyatil avasheshanvar aadharit aahe. tyat b, t, d, k, g; frecative s; anunasik n aanee dravpadarth l, r thambe hote. dhvanyatmak pranaliche thambe proto-berber tappyapasoon vividh prakaranmadhye vikasit jhaale aahet jyatoon itar vyanjan uttarottar tayar jhaale aahet (allati, 2002,2011).
vyakaran.
carl jee. prasene tuaaregvar aadharit proto-berber aakarshastrachi sarvasamaveshak punarrachana kelee aahe. marten cosman yanni proto-berber aakarshastrachya punarbandhanivar atirikt kaam kele.
proto-barbarkade vyakaranvishayak prakaran navhate. tyachya vanshajanni eka lakshaniy namnirdeshit vikasit kele jeey ajunahi uttar berber aanee dakshin berber/tuaaregmadhye aahe. tyanantar kahee berber bhashanni tee alikadech purv berber aanee paschim berber (zenaga) madhye gamavali.
natesambandh.
aadhunik prakaranmadhye, libian shilalekhanmadhye aanee pracheen toponomical staranmadhye jatan kelelya pracheen aakarshastriy vibhaganche avashesh darshavtat qee shabd nirmiticha aadhar eka ekvachani lexical unit (vhee. see., see. vhee. see.) aahe jyache swar aanee vyanjan moolcha bhag aahet.
tyachi rupe aanee tyachi vaishishtye hii proto-afroatiaticsathi gruheet dharalelya shabd nirmitichya aadharasarkhich aahet. rachana aanee punaravrutti/duherikaran prakriya, jyache avashesh serve afroatiatic shakhanmadhye jatan kele jaatat, jyamadhye semitikcha samavesh aahe, jethe teey chaturbhuj aanee quintiliteralmadhye jivashmit kele jaatat, heey barbarachya tyaa tappyavar shabd nirmiticha prakar tayar karatat.
heey avashesh asehi darshavtat qee ektrikaran hii morphimschya vyakaranatmak sanlagnakanchi proto-berber mode aahe, jyanche sthan teey nirdharit karatat tyaa ghatakanchya sandarbhat nishchit kele gele navhate (see. eff. allati, allati, 2012,2013,2014). astitvache vidhey, mool-shabdanchya tappyatil uchcharanacha gabha aanee purv-sthapit kramashivay tyachya bhovati krambaddha kelele tyache nirdharak yanchyatil sambandh, sanlagnansah darshavile jaatat (see. eff. aay. dii. emm.).
shabdakosh-shabdarth aanee vakyarachana staravar jatan kelele proto-berber avashesh darshavtat qee proto-berber vakyarachana rachana ergative prakarchi aahe (see. eff. aay. dii. emm.). proto-burber vidhanacha gabha haah astitvacha eka andaj aahe, eka shabdik aadhar joou ekhadya paristhitichya vastusthitiche astitva darshavito...aay.eae. teey eka rajya, eka gunavatta (see. eff.) vyakt karate. allati, 2002,2011b/c, 2013 khalee) jyache moolya sthitivachak aahe (cf. idem aanee allati, 2008). too tyachya nirdharkanchya (abhikartak vishay, object) sambandhat kendrit nahee...) jyachi vakyarachana karye aakasmik ghatkandware vima utaravali jaatat, jyat aakasmik sanlagnata (ergative) samavisht aahe, jee aavashyakatenusar, agent kinwa vishay darshavate. kushitik, chadic aanee omotikmadhye pramanit kelele samaan ghatak aanee proto-semitic aanee proto-afroatiatic (see. eff.) sathee samaan prakarchya vakyarachana sanrachaneche pratipadan karnyasathi semitic chalit diaconofmadhye jatan kelele avashesh. diaconoff, 1988,101; see. eff. titkech allati, 2008,2011aii, 2012).
 anek ghatak samanpane darshavtat qee proto-barbarmadhye sandnya-kriyapad virodhabhas, vichhedan virodhabhas, diethesis aanee vyakti (see. eff.) navhati. aay. dii. emm.).

