sanrachit prakash patrak sukshmadarshak

sanrachit prakash patrak sukshmadarshak (ess. aay.-ell. ess. emm.) heey eka optical imaging tantra aahe, jeey tinhi parimananmadhye uchch tatpurte aanee avkashiy resolutions volumetric imaging sadhya karnyasathi vaparale jaate. heey sanrachit prakash sukshmadarshakachya uchch aksheey aanee avkashiy sankalp vaishishtyasah tulanene jaad namunyanmadhye avkashiy sankalp rakhanyasathi prakashpatra sukshmadarshakachi kshamata ektrit karate. shekado micrometer jaad jaivik namunyanmadhye see. aay.-ell. ess. emm. 100 aine. emm. peksha qamee bajukadil resolution prapt karoo shakate.
saay-ell. ess. emm. chaa vapar bahutekda peshi sanvardhanasarkhya jiwant jaivik namunyanchya pratideepi pratimesathi keela jaato. heey visheshtah anudairdhya abhyasasathi upayukt aahe, jethe namunyache nuksan naan karata uchch-darr imaging dirgh kalavadhisathi kele jaane aavashyak aahe. kholimule namunyanchya pratideepi imagingsathi sarvat jaast vaparlya jaanarya done paddhati-confocal microscopy aanee widefield microscopy-yaa donhimadhye yaa prakarchya vaparasathi lakshaniy tote aahet. widefield microscopymadhye, swarasya asalelya pratalatoon inn-phocus prakash tasech urvarit namunyatoon out-auph-phocus prakash donhi ekatra prapt kele jaatat, jyamule "gahal shankuchi samasya" nirman hote jyamule uchch resolution imaging katheen hote. jaree confocal microscopy laksh kendrit naan kelela prakash avarodhit karnyasathi pinholcha vapar karoon hii samasya mothya pramanat sodavate, taree heey tantra apariharyapane upayukt signalla dekhil avarodhit karate, jeey signal aadhich khoop kamkuvat asatana fluorescent imajingmadhye visheshtah hanikarak asate. yavyatirikt, widefield aanee confocal microscopy donhi sampoorn imajingmadhye sampoorn namuna prakashit karatat, jyamule kahee namunyanmadhye photoblatching aanee phototoxicitychya samasya udbhavtat. ektya prakash-kshetra sukshmadarshika yapaiki bahutansh samasyanche nirakaran karoo shakate, parantu tyache prapt kelele sankalp ajunahi prakashachya vivartanane moolbhootpane maryadit aahe aanee teey atee-sankalp prapt karnyat asamarth aahe.
chitra kadhalelya aakarmanachya ekach pratalala prakashit karnyasathi eksaman prakashpatrakaivaji namuna vaparoon ess. aay.-ell. ess. emm. karya karate. asha prakare, sanrachit prakash sukshmadarshakache uchch resolution sadhya kartana prakashpatrak sukshmadarshakache anek fayade teey rakhate.
parshvabhoomi aanee siddhant.
sanrachit prakash aanee prakashpatrak sukshmadarshakachya vegalya vikasacha vichar karoon see-ell. ess. emm. magcha siddhant sarvat changlya prakare samajoon ghetala jaato.
sanrachit prakash sukshmadarshika.
sanrachit prakash sukshmadarshak (siim) hii atee-sankalp sukshmadarshak pranalichi eka paddhat aahe jee prakashachya vegvegalya namunyankhali ekach namunyachya anek pratima prapt karoon, nantar yaa pratima sangankiyaritya ekatra karoon, vivartan maryadit parshvik sankalpanepeksha 2x paryant sudharana karoon ekach punarrachana sadhya karoon kelee jaate. haah siddhant pahilyanda 1995 chya eka peparmadhye johnn emm. yanni prastavit aanee amalat aanala hota. gyura jyamadhye 50 nm resha aanee jaaga asalelya silicon grating 650 nm tarangalambichya (havet) prakashasah nirakaran kele gele, jyachi rachana pardarshak pratikrutine kelee gelee hotee. sanrachit prakash sukshmadarshak' heey naav 2000 saalee meterne tayar kele hote.jee.ell. gustafson. siim "moir effect" chaa fayda gheto, jeey tevha ghadate jevha done namune gunakarane adhiropit kele jaatat. adhisthapanamule "moir frinz" disatat, jeey mool namunyapeksha adhik suspasht asatat parantu tarihi uchch varanvartechya namunyambaddal mahitee asatat jee anyatha drishyaman honar naheet.
simmagil siddhant haah forier kinwa frequency domenmadhye sarvat changlya prakare samajala jaato. sarvasadharanpane, imaging pranali keval vivartan maryadechya khalee varanvarta sodavu shakatat. asha prakare, forier domenmadhye, pratima kelelya namunyatil serve nondavalelya frequency eka nishchit trijyechya vartulat rahtil. yaa maryadebaheril konatihi varanvarta sodavali jaau shakat nahee. tathapi, namuna namuna swarupit prakashasah pratima karoon varanvarta spectrum halavale jaau shakate. bahutekda, namuna haah 1 dii cyanucidal pravanata asato, jase qee vareel pratimet moir frinz tayar karnyasathi vaparla jaanara namuna. cyanusoidche forier transform heey shifted delta function asalyane, yaa patternchya transformmadhe teen delta functions asatilah eka shoonya frequenciver aanee done cyanusoidchya sakaratmak aanee nakaratmak frequency ghatkanshi sambandhit (khalee pratima pahaa). jevha yaa namunyacha vapar karoon lakshya prakashit kele jaate, tevha lakshya aanee prakash namuna gunakarane adhiropit keela jaato, jyacha arth parinami pratimeche forier rupantaran mhanje lakshyachya vaiyaktik parivartananche aanee prakash namunyache convolution aahe. delta karyasah konatehi karya ektrit kelyane mool karya kendrala delta karyachya sthanavar halavanyacha parinam hoto. asha prakare, yaa paristhitit, lakshyachi varanvarta spectrum halavali jaate aanee jyaa varanvarta purvi sodavane khoop jaast hote tyaa aata nirakaran karnyayogya varanvartechya vartulat asatat. parinam assa hoto qee sims ekach pratima sampadanasathi, forier domenmadhil teen vegvegalya pradeshanmadhil varanvarta ghatak (kendra aanee sakaratmak aanee nakaratmak badalanshi sambandhit) serve ekatra tipale jaatat. shevati, sthanik kshetramadhye firanyamule forier kshetramadhye samaan firati hote, tyamule prakash namuna firvoon purn 360° vareel uchch varanvarta midavata yete. buub) khaleel pratimet 4 vegvegalya pratima prapt karoon aanee pratyek adhigrahanadarmyan prakash namuna 45° neey firvoon konate varanvarta ghatak tipale jaatil heey darshavate.
ekada serve pratima tipalya gelyanantar, ekach antim pratima sangankiyadrushtya punarbandhani kelee jaau shakate. heey tantra vaparoon, vikshepan maryadepeksha 2x paryant resolution sudharle jaau shakate. hii 2x maryada ladali gelee aahe kaaran prakash namuna swatach ajunahi vivartan maryadit aahe.
kartana simchya mageel sankalpana kholimule volumetric imajingparyant vistarlya jaau shakatat. utkrantichya prakashachya teen paraspar susangat kiranancha vapar karoon, pratima kelelya namunyat anek varanvarta ghatkansah hastakshep namune tayar kele jaau shakatat. yamule shevati tinhi akshanvar 2x paryant sudharit sankalpanesah 3D punarrachana karane shakya hote. tathapi, jaivik uutinchya majboot vikhuralelya gunankamule, heey saiddhantik nirakaran keval sumare 10 yuu. emm. peksha patal namunyanmadhyech sadhya kele jaau shakate. tyapalikade, vikhuranyamule parshvabhoomichya sanketanchi vaadh hote jyamule achook punarrachana ashakya hote. 
prakash patrak sukshmadarshika.
prakashpatrika sukshmadarshika (ell. ess. emm.) bhautik vibhagani kinwa safsafaichi aavashyakta naan thevata jaad jaivik namunyanche sookshm optical vibhagani karnyas anumati denyasathi vikasit kelee gelee hotee, jee velkhau aanee inn-vivo imagingsathi hanikarak donhi aahet. bahutek pratideepi imaging tantre sanrekhit prakash aanee shodh aksh vapartat, tarr ell. ess. emm. orthogonal akshancha vapar karate. eka kendrit prakashpatrak heey namunyala bajula prakashit karnyasathi vaparale jaate, tarr fluorescent signal varoon shodhala jaato. heey donhi, sakriyapane pratima naan lavalelya vimananche laksh kendrit naan kelele yogdan kadhoon, widefield microscopy "shankuchya samasyeche" nirakaran karate aanee sampoorn namuna sampoorn pratimemadhe prakashit naan jhalyamule photoblechingcha prabhav qamee karate. yavyatirikt, namuna bajoone prakashit jhalyamule, prakash prakashache kendrabindu kholvar avalambun nasate, jyamule jaivik namunyanche volumetric imaging adhik vyavharya hote. ell. ess. emm. madhye eka mothe chaloo aavhan mhanje prakashpatrak aakar dene. sarvasadharanpane, prakashpatrakachi jaadi optical akshavar (jeey mothya pramanat aksheey resolution nirdharit karate) aanee jyaa kshetravar prakashpatrak pureshi jaadi rakhate tyaa kshetramadhye eka paraspar vinimay hoto. ess. aay.-ell. ess. emm. chya atirikt sankalpanedware hii samasya anshatah sodavali jaau shakate.
tantra.
see-ell. ess. emm. done mukhya shreninmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate. optical section see-ell. ess. emm. haah sarvat samanya drushtikon aahe aanee laksh kendrit naan kelelya parshvabhoomi sanketacha prabhav aanakhi qamee karoon aksheey resolution sudharato. kholimule namunyanmadhye super-resolution sadhya karnyasathi super-resolution see-lsm kartana simchi prakashyojana aanee punarrachana tantre vaparte.
optical vibhagani see. aay.-ell. ess. emm.
optical section see-ell. ess. emm. (oes-see-ell. ess. emm.) chey varnan pahilyanda 1997 chya peparmadhye emm. dware kele gele.aaa. niil aanee itar. atee-sankalp sadhya karnyaivaji, heey tantra, prakashmay prakashpatrika jithe sarvadhik kendrit aahe tyaa vyatirikt itar tharanmadhun parshvabhumichi dhundi kadhoon, aksheey sankalp sudharanyasathi sanrachit prakashamagil kalpanancha vapar karate. heey sadhya karnyasathi anek marg asale taree, sarvat samanya drushtikon 'three-fages' siim mhanoon olakhala jaato, jyache varnan yethe kele jaeel.
niil peparmadhye asey dakhavale aahe qee greed illumination patterns lakshyache imaging karoon midavalela signal khaleel samikaranadvare darshavila jaau shakatoh
 sootra _ 1
yethe, sootra _ 2 heey parshvabhumiche sanket aahet, tarr sootra _ 3 aanee sootra _ 4 heey greedchya cosine aanee sine ghatkandware prakashit lakshya kshetrache sanket aahet. heey dekhil darshavile gele aahe qee yaa samikaranacha vapar karoon swarasya asalelya pratalachi kendrit pratima punha tayar kelee jaau shakateh
 sootra _ 5
greed illumination paristhitit teen swatantra pratima prapt karoon, pratyek adhigrahanadarmyan greed 60° neey firvoon heey sadhya kele jaau shakate. tyanantar ichchit 2 dii pratima samikaran vaparoon punarbandhani kelee jaau shakateh
 sootra _ 6
yamule greed illumination patternchya sarvat kendrit bhagatoon keval mahitee asaleli kartana pratima tayar hote. jarr haah namuna prakashpatrakacha vapar karoon tayar keela gela asel, tarr namunyachi sampoorn kholimule punarrachana tayar karnyasathi patrak aksheey dishene scan kele jaau shakate. parshvabhoomi sanket qamee karnyasathi haah drushtikon vaparanyachi prathamik kamatarata mhanje tee shevati done pratimanmadhil samayik parshvabhoomi sanket vaja karnyavar avalambun asate. kahee kendrabindu signal anivaryapane parshvabhoomichya dhukyabarobar vaja kele jaatil. yamule signalchi ekoon ghat hoil, jee qamee signal asalelya pratideepak pratimesathi hanikarak tharoo shakate. tathapi, heey tantra see. aay.-ell. ess. emm. chaa sarvat samanya vapar aahe aanee ektya ell. ess. emm. varr sudharit aksheey resolution darshavile aahe.
super-resolution see-ell. ess. emm.
atee-sankalpit see-ell. ess. emm. (ess. aar.-see. ell. ess. emm.) prakashpatrakacha prakash srot mhanoon vapar kartana kartana kinwa kholimule simchi tantre vaparte, jenekarun ell. ess. emm. chey khol swatantra pratimesah aanee qamee photobleachings simche avkashiy sankalp sadhya karata yeil. sarvat samanya anuprayogamadhye, 3 dii lakshya namunyachya ekach pratalavar 1 dii cyanucidal namuna tayar karnyasathi prakashpatrakacha vapar keela jaato. uchch resolution 2 dii punarrachanesathi puresha pratima midvinyasathi yaa ekach pratalat namuna nantar anek vela firavala jaato. prakash aksheey sankalpanat scan keela jaato aanee purn 3 dii punarbandhanisathi puresha 2 dii pratima mileparyant prakriya punha kelee jaate. sarvasadharanpane, haah drushtikon keval sudharit sankalp darshavat nahee tarr oes-see-lsm varr sudharit snr dekhil darshavito, kaaran punarbandhanimadhye konatihi mahitee takoon dilee jaat nahee. yavyatirikt, jaree ess. aar.-see. aay.-ell. ess. emm. sathee saiddhantik sankalp kholimule simpeksha kinchit qamee asala, taree 10 yuu. emm. peksha jaast kholatemadhye heey tantra ell. ess. emm. chya prakash vaishishtyachya prakash-swatantra laksh kendrit karnyachya kholimule kholimule simpeksha sudharit kamgiri darshavate.
amalbajavani.
ess. aay.-ell. ess. emm. madheel eka mothe aavhan mhanje abhiyantriki pranali jyaa prakashpatrakanmadhye sanrachit namune tayar karnyas sharirikdrushtya saksham aahet. heey sadhya karnyasathi teen mukhya marg mhanje interferring light sheets, digital ell. ess. emm. aanee spatial light modulatorcha vapar karane.
prakashpatrakanmadhye hastakshep karat asatana, done susangat pratiprasaranpatrake namunyat pathavali jaatat. yaa patrakanmadhil hastakshep namuna ichchit prakash namuna tayar karato, joou patrake vichalit karnyasathi karnyasathi aarshancha vapar karoon firavala aanee scan keela jaau shakato. prakashache namune tayar karnyasathi digital prakashpatrak sukshmadarshakacha vapar karoon atirikt lavchikta jodali jaau shakate. digital ell. ess. emm. madhye, namunyadvare lesar beam vegane scan karoon prakashpatrak tayar kele jaate. yamule scan kartana lesarchi tivrata sudharit karoon vishisht prakash namunyavar bareek niyantran thevata yete. yaa tantracha vapar ess. aay.-ell. ess. emm. vyatirikt anek prakarchya prakashpatrika sukshmadarshakaparyant saksham pranali tayar karnyasathi keela gela aahe. shevati, prakashachya namunyanvar electronic paddhatine niyantran thevanyasathi avkashiy prakash modulatorcha vapar keela jaau shakato, jyacha fayda mhanje namunyanvar atishay bareek niyantran thevane aanee tyat vegane badal karane.
yavyatirikt, see. aay.-ell. ess. emm. chya aaspasche alikadil kaam jaivik uutinmadhye sakhol pratimesathi itar tantransah drushtikon ekatra karnyavar kendrit aahe. udaharanarth, 2021 chya eka peparmadhye, transcranial mausachya menduchya imaging resolution ~ 750 yuu. emm. chya bhedan kholisah aanee signal aanee parshvabhoomi gunottarat jawaljawal 16x sudharana karoon, ~ 1.7x neey sudharanyasathi niir-3 prakashasah see-ell. ess. emm. chaa vapar darshavila gela. itar aashadayak dishanirdeshanmadhye ell. ess. emm. madhye prakashpatrakanna aakar denyasathi siim aanee itar tantrancha samavesh hoto, done-photon uttejanasah see. aay. ell. ess. emm. ekatra karane kinwa sankalp maryada pudhe dhakalanyasathi naun-linier fluorescha vapar karane.

