telluric loh

telluric loh, jyala deshi loh dekhil mhanatat, haah loh aahe joou pruthvivar ugam pavala aanee dhatuaivaji dhatuchya swarupat aadhalato. telluric loh atyant durmil aahe, jyamadhye jagatil keval ekach pramukh satha aahe, joou greenlandmadhye aahe.
parichay.
tyache vitalalele gabha vagalata, pruthvivaril jawaljawal serve moolbhut loh loh dhatoo mhanoon aadhalate. itar siddhantambarobarach, andaje 2 abj varshanpurvi suru jhalelya mothya auxidation ghatanedarmyan serve dhatuche loh oxidesmadhye rupantar jhaale asey manale jaat hote. 1800 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant, loh haah eka sthanik dhatoo mhanoon, vegalya hirvyagar pradeshabaher keval kalpanecha vishay hota. dhatuchya swarupat dnyat asalele ekmev, sthaliy loh ulkapind mhanoon sapadale, jeey bahya antaralatun pruthvivar jamaa jhaale hote.
telluric loh heey naav lattin shabd telasavarun padale aahe, jyacha arth 'pruthvi' (grah, 'terra' chya viruddha mhanje 'pruthvi': jameen, jameen kinwa maatee), pratyayasah jodalele aahe, jyacha arth '-ic' mhanje 'chaa' kinwa 'pasoon janmalela' ulkapindanpasun vegale karato. telluric loh ulkapindasarkhe disate, jyamadhye nickel aanee widmanstatten yaa donhi sanrachana lakshaniy pramanat asatat. tathapi, telluric lohamadhye samanyatah keval 3 takke nickel asate, jeey ulkapindansathi khoop qamee aahe, jyapaiki 5 takkyanpeksha qamee asalele ekahi sapadale nahee. telluric lohache done prakar aaheth 'prakar 1' aanee 'prakar 2' yaa donhimadhye nickel aanee itar ashuddhatanche tulanatmak praman asate. yaa doghanmadhil mukhya farak mhanje carbonche praman, jyamule dhatuchi kathorata, vyavharyata aanee vitalanyachya binduvar motha parinam hoto.
bhautik gunadharm.
telluric loh heey dhatuche loh aahe jeey pruthvichya aavaranat aanee kavchamadhye tayar hote. jaree jagbharat teluric lohache kirkol sathe sapadale asale, taree greenlandchya paschim paschim ekmev dnyat mothe sathe aahet. tathapi, heey sathe aakar aanee rachnet, agadi tyach pradeshat, tasech uivefack, asuk, blafzeld aanee melalemphazord yasarkhya vividh pradeshanmadhil tivra farkanmadhye mothya pramanat badaloo shakatat. samanya ghatak assa aahe qee serve greenlandic sathe daikmadhye (khadkatil lava-bharalele fracture) kinwa baherchya bhaganmadhye aadhaltat jithe vitalalela khadak prushthbhagavar vahoo shakat hota. aanakhi eka samanata ashee aahe qee serve sathe graphite-samruddha feldsparchya sahkaryane aadhaltat, jyamule dhatumadhye uchch carbon-samagri aanee qamee auxide upasthiti houu shakate, jaree dhatoo pruthvichya urvarit lohasah auxidise honyapasoon bachavanyat yashasvi jhaala qee nahee heey adnyat aahe, kinwa dhatoo aanee kolshachya khaata mhanoon suruvat jhaali qee nahee jeey qamee jhaale aanee nantar carbon-samruddha, graphytic feldspardware pradan kelelya qamee hott asalelya vatavaranamule lavamadhye naisargikaritya vitalale gele.
greenlandmadheel telluric loh adviteey aahe, kaaran teey loh-carbon mishradhatunchya jawaljawal serve tappyanmadhye aanee mothya pramanat badalatya sfatikeey sanrachanansah aadhalu shakate. kahee khadakanmadhye teey besaltmadhye tikshna kopare aanee aniyamit aakar asalele agadi lahan daane mhanoon misalalele aadhalate, tarr itaranmadhye vitalalelya magma madheel lahan, danyachya aakarache themb mothya, vatanyachya aakarachya thembanmadhye ekatra yeu shakale jeey bahutek golakar kinwa aayatakruti aakarane sfatikikrut jhaale. ajunahi itaranmadhye dike kinwa extrusion jawaljawal purnapane khoop uchch carbon cast-lokhandipasun tayar kele jaau shakate, jeey adhik sahajpane magmachya aat ekatra yeu shakate aanee tyachya qamee chikatpana aanee vitalanyachya bindubaddal crackmadhye vahoo shakate. yaa cast ironla anekada besaltcha samavesh asato kinwa tyat besaltcha samavesh asato, kaaran teey lavamadhye khoop mothe, golakar vastuman mhanoon jaminitun baher kadhale jaate, jyapaiki sabhovatalachya besaltchya naisargik dhupamule mothe dagad tayar hotat.
carbonchya pramananusar telluric loh mothya pramanat done gatanmadhye vibhagale jaate. prakar 1 haah eka cast-iron aahe jyamadhye samanyatah 2 takkyanhun adhik carbon asato, tarr prakar 2 haah vinalele loh aanee eutectoid steel darmyan asato. donhi prakar ghatakatil hawaman khoop changlya prakare hatalatat, parantu sangrahalayachya koradya, niyantrit vatavaranat vighatit honyacha aanee khoop lavkar kosalanyacha cull asato, jaree prakar 2 yaa prakarchya hanisathi adhik pravan aahe.
prakar 1.
prakar 1 telluric lohamadhye carbonche praman lakshaniy asate. prakar 1 haah pandhara nickel cast-iron aahe, jyamadhye 1.7 teey 4 takke carbon aanee 0.05 teey 4 takke nickel asato, joou khoop katheen aanee thisul asato aanee thund kamas changla pratisad dett nahee. prakar 1 chya sanrachanet pramukhyane motee aanee cementite kinwa cohenitecha samavesh asato, jyamadhye trilite aanee siliketcha samavesh asato. pratyek ferrite daane samanyatah sumare eka millimeter aakarache asatat. jaree dhanyanchi rachana bhinn asoo shakate, agadi tyach danyatahi, teey bahutekda baryapaiki shuddha nickel-ferritepasoon banalele asatat. ferrite daane cementite laminationshi jodaleli asatat; samanyatah 5-25 micrometer jaad; motee tayar karatat.
prakar 1 heey mothya pramanat baher kadhalele kinwa khoop mothe dagad mhanoon aadhaltat, jeey samanyatah kahee tunn teey daha tanparyant asatat. pracheen inuit (greenlandche sthanik rahivasi) heey dhatoo thund karoo shakat navhate aanee aadhunik sadhanansah dekhil yantra karane atyant katheen asalyache siddha hote. prakar 1 chey yantra kadachit carborandam chaak aanee paanee thund karoon sarvottam prakare purn kele jaate. tathapi, prakar 1 chaa vapar inuitdware hatoda aanee angarkha dagad mhanoon keela gela asava.
jevha ardhyamadhye kapani kelee jaate, tevha prakar 1 chya dagadanmadhye bahereel bajus cast-lokhandiche jaad kavach asate jeey vayaveey jackhammerne kvachitach modata yete, parantu jawaljawal choorn swarupat lokhandi danyanchya adhik thisul bandhkamachya aat, ekatra cinter karoon sachchidra, spunge-lokhandi prakarchi samagri tayar kelee jaate jee hatodachya dhadket pulverise hote.
prakar 2.
type 2 telluric lohamadhye dekhil sumare 0.05 teey 4 takke nickel asate, parantu samanyatah 0.7 takkyanpeksha qamee carbon asate. prakar 2 haah eka lavchik nickel-loh aahe joou thund kamas changla pratisad deto. carbon aanee nikelche praman thund kaam kelelya tukadyachya antim kadakpanavar motha parinam karate.
prakar 2 heey besault khadakat misalalele lahan daane mhanoon aadhalate. daane sadharanpane 1 teey 5 millimeter vyasache asatat. jaree kadhikadhi teey ekatra cinter karoon mothe ektrikaran tayar kele jaat asale taree, besaltdware vegale kelele daane sahasa vaiyaktikaritya aadhaltat. mothya tukadyanmadhye cohenite, ilmenite, perlite aanee trilite dekhil thodya pramanat asatat. chakoo aanee ulas yasarkhya vastoo banavanyasathi inuitdware prakar 2 chaa vapar keela jaat asey. vatanyachya aakarache dhanya sodanyasathi besault samanyatah chirun takale jaat asey, jeey nantar nanyanchya aakarachya pattyanmadhye gundalale jaat asat. dhatoo atishay mauu asato aanee atishay patal pattyanmadhye toda keela jaau shakato. yaa sapat pattya sahasa hadanchya handlemadhe koralelya lamb kapanmadhye, ranganmadhye takalya jaat asat, jenekarun tyaa ekmekanvar kinchit aachchhadit hotil, eka dhaar tayar hoil jee chakoo aanee aarichya (eka ulate scalloped kadaa) sanyojanashi disate.
itihas.
germanytil kaselmadhil teluric lohacha eka atishay lahan satha, joou aata sampushtat aala aahe aanee jagbharatil itar kahee kirkol sathe vagalata, greenlandmadheel disco bechya bhagat aanee tyachya jawal ekmev dnyat mothe sathe astitvat aahet. hii samagri besault khadakachya jwalamukhichya maidananmadhye sapadali hotee aanee sthanik inuit chakoo aanee ulas sarkhya sadhanansathi cutting kadaa banavanyasathi vaparat hote. telluric lohacha vyavharik vapar karnare inuit heey ekmev lock hote.
1870 madhye, edolph erich nordenskildne greenlandchya disco khadee kshetrajaval lokhandi dagadancha shodh lavala. pramukhyane surr johnn ross yanchya greenlandchya mool rahivashanni lokhandi chakucha vapar keela aahe yaa shodhamule inuitne cape york ulkapindatun sadhane tayar kelee hotee heey jaanun nordenskield heey sahitya shodhanyasathi disco betavaril fortune beey yethe utarale. inuitne rossla sangitale hote qee tyanna dongaravaril unch thikanahun, jithe done mothe dagad padale hote tyaa thikani loh midale. eka khoop katheen hota aanee too todu shakat navhata, parantu dusra lahan tukadyanmadhye chirala jaat hota jyatoon lokhandi gole kadhale jaat hote aanee chakusathi sapat pattyanmadhye hatoda marla jaat hota. nordenskildne tyaa jaagecha ayashasvi shodh ghetala, kahee sthanik inuitchya netrutvakhali 'uivefack' navachya thikani nenyaparyant, jithe tyaa parisarat dhatuche mothe loh vikhurlele hote. tyane asey gruheet dharale qee dhatoo ulkapindapasun tayar jhalela aahe, kaaran donhimadhye nikelche lakshaniy praman aahe aanee donhimadhye widmanstatten namune aahet. tyaa velee bahutek shastradnyancha assa vishvas hota qee konatehi oxidised nasalele "telluric" loh astitvat nahee aanee kahinni nordenskildchya shodhavar prashnachinh upasthit kele.
gustav naukhofne 1871 madhye greenlandver moheem kelee. dynamite aanee uchalanyachya upkaranansah, tyachya mohimene telluric lohache teen mothe namune gola kele, teey ulkapind asalyache dekhil manale, nordenskildchya tapasaninusar aanee tyanna pudhil abhyasasathi europela parat aanale. heey namune sadhya sweeden, finland aanee denmarkmadhye aadhalu shakatat. 25 tunn vajanacha block aata stockholmmadhil rexmusiumchya baher, kopanheganmadhil bhoogarbhiy sangrahalayachya baher 6.6 tunn vajanacha block aanee 3 tunn vajanacha block helsinki yetheel kumpula yetheel naisargik itihas sangrahalayat aadhalu shakato.
1871 madhye nockhofsobat keey. jeey. vhee. steinstrup. dagadanchya aakaramule, jyat anekada ulkapindanche vaishishtya nasalele tikshna kopare kinwa dandidar kadaa asatat (jeey vatavaranatil praveshadarmyan lakshaniyaritya qamee hotat), kinwa anekanmadhye besaltne vedhalele bhag hote, asha paristhitimule, steinstrup dagadanchya utpattibaddal nordenscaldshy asahmat hota aanee 1878 madhye swatachya mohimevar nighala. 1879 madhye, steinstrupne pratham 'prakar 2 loh' olakhale, jeey darshavate qee tyat widmanstatten sanrachana dekhil hotya. steinstrupne nantar tyala jeey sapadale teey sangitaleh
1879 chya sharad rututil kalat, "mea yaa prakaranashi sambandhit eka shodh lavala, kaaran mea eka junya kabarimadhye shodh lavala"... mallah 'goal chendu aanee dhatuchya lokhandi aniyamit tukdyansah' besaltche 9 tukade sapadale."heey tukade hadanchya chakoone ekatra padale hote, jeey rosney gharee aanalelya chakupramanech, tasech nehamichya dagadi sadhanansah... tarr lokhandi gole asalele besaltche 9 tukade heey spashtapane hadanchya chakusathiche sahitya hote. heey loh mauu asate aanee havet changle rahate, mhanunach teey rosney varnan kelelya paddhatine vaparnyas yogya aahe. jyaa khadakat loh disate too eka vaishishtyapurn, mothya danyancha felspar-besault aahe. yaa shodhala duheri mahatva aahe, prathamatah, kaaran aapan pahilyandach tee samagri pahili aahe jyatoon "esquimaxne krutrim chakoo banavale" aanee dusare mhanje, kaaran tyat asey disun aale aahe qee tyanni tyaa uddeshasathi telluric lohacha vapar keela aahe.
ekluit yetheel kabarimadhye sapadlyanantar, steinstrupla besaltche anek mothe bahya bhag sapadale jyat "prakar 2 loh" hote. prakar 2' daane jwalamukhichya besaltmadhye antarbhut asalyane, jeey moolbhut khadkala julatat, tyamule steelstrup heey dakhavu shakale qee loh heey sthaliy kinwa telluric strotanmadhun aale hote. aaplya ahavalat, steinstrup pudhe mhanale,
"besaltcha haah vichitra thurr varoon khalparyant serve aakarachya loh-dhanyanni" eka millimeterchya anshapasoon 18 miimii lambiparyant 14 miimii rundisah bharala jaato, joou mallah sapadalela sarvat motha thurr aahe. ... polish kelyavar, yaa lokhandi vastumadhye sunder whidmanstatten aakrutya disatat. ... "widmanstatten aakruti asalele dhatuche nickel-loh heey dekhil aata eka spasht khanij asalyache siddha jhaale aahe" aanee nikelchi eka vishisht sfatikeey sanrachanesah upasthiti parinami loh thokale sail karnyasathi ulkapindanche swaroop denyasathi purese nahee.
steinstrupchya nishkarshanna nantar ulkapind tadnya jeey. yanni pushti dilee. 1879 madhye laurence smith aanee nantar 1882 madhye joou lorenzen yanni. paschim greenlandmadhye sapadalelya atyant durmil telluric lohacha tevhapasoon abhyas suru aahe.
ghatana.
disco betavaril sathyanvyatirikt fortune beey, melemfazord, asuk aanee greenlandchya paschim paschim itar thikanahun sthanik lohachi nond jhaali aahe. itar thikanancha samavesh aaheh
nee 3 phay teey nee 2 phay asalele sthanik nickel-loh mishradhatu heey atimanav khadakanpasun tayar kelele placer sanch mhanoon aadhaltat. awaruitche varnan 1885 madhye newzealandmadhun karnyat aale hote.

