mustelidae

mustelidae (lattin, vizel) heey mansahari sastan pranyanche eka vaividhyapurn kutumb aahe, jyat vizel, badger, uudake, martons aanee volverines yancha samavesh aahe. anyatha mustellids () mhanoon olakhale jaanare, teey nauu upkutumbanmadhye sumare 66 teey 70 prajatinsah mansahari kramachya upvarg caniformiamadhye sarvat mothe kutumb tayar karatat.
vividhata.
mustellids aakar aanee vartanat mothya pramanat badaltat. sarvat qamee viselche lahan prakar lambimadhye qamee asoo shakatat, tarr amazonian dakshin amerikeche vishal uudake moju shakatat aanee sagari uudake vajanat jaast asoo shakatat. volverines hadey majjatantuparyant pohochanyasathi mooschya mankyasarkhi jaad chiradu shakatat aanee aswalanna tyanchya hatyepasoon door kadhanyacha prayatna kartana disale aahet. sagari udari khanyasathi ughade kavach fodanyasathi khadakancha vapar karatat. martons heey mukhyatve vrukshashastriy asatat, tarr european badgers vistrut bogdyache jaale khodatat, jyanna sets mhanatat. keval eka mustelid palale gele aahe; ferrett. taira heey paliv prani mhanoon (jaree tyanna brittenmadhye dhokadayak vanya pranyanchya parvanyachi aavashyakta asali taree) kinwa shikar kinwa keetak niyantranasathi kaam karnare prani mhanoon dekhil thewale jaatat. faranchya vyaparat itar mahattvache rahile aahet-mink anekada tyachya farsathi vadhavala jaato.
mansabhakshak kramanusar sarvat prajati-samruddha kutumbanpaiki eka asalyane, mustelliday kutumb dekhil sarvat junya kutumbanpaiki eka aahe. mustelidsarkhe prakar pratham sumare 4 kotee varshanpurvi (mayae) disu lagale, jeey andaje undiranchya swarupashi julate. aadhunik mustelidscha samanya purvaj sumare 18 mayae madhye disala.
vaishishtye.
vividhatechya mothya shreneet, mustellids kahee samanya vaishishtye darshavtat. teey samanyatah lamb shareer, lahan paay, lahan kavati, lahan, goal qaan aanee jaad phara asalele lahan prani asatat. bahutek mustellids heey ekaki, ratrabhar rahnare prani asatat aanee varshbhar sakriy asatat.
sagari uudake vagalata, tyanchya guddwaratil sugandh granthi asatat, jyaa pranyandvare laingik sanket aanee chinhankit pradeshasathi vaparlya jaanarya tivra-gandhyukt srav nirman karatat.
bahutek mustelid punarutpadanamadhye garbh diaposecha samavesh asato. garbh lagech garbhashayat pratyaropit hott nahee, parantu kahee kaal supt rahato. joparyant garbh garbhashayachya astarashi jodalela nasato toparyant konatahi vikas hott nahee. parinami, samanya garbhadharanecha kalavadhi vadhavala jaato, kadhikadhi eka varshaparyant. yamule lahan mule anukool paryavaraniy paristhitit janmala yeu shakatat. punarutpadanasathi urja kharch khoop jaast asato, tyamule ann aanee saumya hawaman upalabdh asane heey strisathi fayadeshir tharate. jarr purvichya santatiche dudh sodale gelyanantar janm jhaala tarr lahan mule jaganyachi shakyata jaast asate.
mustellids pramukhyane mansahari asatat, jaree kahijan kadhikadhi bhajipala khatat. serve mustelidsche daat eksarkhe nasatat, parantu tyaa sarvanmadhye maans khanyasathi anukool daat asatat, jyat katarane aanee maans kapane yasah. eka vaishishtyapurn vaishishtya mhanje maans-katarane, varchya pathicha daadh joou 90° varr, tondachya aateel bajus firavala jaato. prajatinmadhil bhinnatesah, sarvat samanya dant sootra aahe.
paryavaran.
machchimar, tyra aanee martons heey anshatah vrukshajanya asatat, tarr badgers heey phosorial asatat. anek mustelidsmadhye ardh-jalchar mink aanee nadee uudakepasoon teey purnapane jalchar sagari uudakanparyant jalchar jivanshaili aahe, jeey charyachya velee sadhane vaparnyasathi dnyat asalelya kahee alpajivi sastan pranyanpaiki eka aahe. tyachya aaharacha eka mahattvapoorn bhag asalelya kavach mashanna fodanyasathi teey "unville" dagadancha vapar karate. hii eka "keystone prajati" aahe, jee tyachya shikarichya loksankhyela samtol rakhate, jenekarun kahee itaranshi spardha karoo shakat naheet aanee teey jyaa kelpmadhye rahatat tyacha naash karat naheet.
kalya payancha ferrett purnapane kistonechya aanakhi eka prajativar, preri kutryavar avalambun aahe. chaar ferretche kutumb varshala 250 prayery kutre khato; yasathi kahee kshetrantil prayery kutryanchi sthir sankhya aavashyak asate.
samaan disanare prani.
sconks purvi mustelidscha upkutumb mhanoon samavisht kele gele hote, parantu aata teey eka vegale kutumb (mephitidae) mhanoon manale jaatat. mungus anek mustelidsshee lakshaniy samya thevatat, parantu teey eka vegalya upavargat yetat-feliformiya (teey serve mansahari prani jeey manjarinsobat adhik alikadil utpatti samayik karatat) aanee caniformia (jeey kutryansobat adhik alikadil utpatti samayik karatat) nahee. mungus aanee mustellids heey samaan paryavaraniy sthan vyapat asalyane, abhisaran utkrantimule swaroop aanee vartanat samanata nirman jhaali aahe.
manvi vapar.
mink, sebal (martoncha eka prakar) aanee stote (ermine) yasah anek mustelidsmadhye sunder aanee maulyavan manalya manalya phara asatat, mhanoon pragaitihasik kalapasoon tyancha shikar keela jaato. madhyayugapasun, phara dharan dharan mustelidschi mothee sthanik loksankhya asalelya uttar aanee purv european deshansathi farcha vyapar khoop aarthik mahattvacha hota aanee cyberiamadhye russian vistar aanee uttar americet french aanee ingraji vistaramagil eka pramukh aarthik chalana hotee. alikadchya shatkanmadhye, visheshtah minkchi phara shetee dekhil vyapak jhaali aahe aanee bajarat aanalelya faranpaiki bahutansh puravate.
nyu ingland aanee canadachi see mink ("neogal macroden") hii eka prajati phara trapersdware namshesh honyachya dishene nenyat aalee hotee. tyache swaroop aanee savayi aaj jawaljawal adnyat aahet kaaran konatehi sampoorn namune sapadat naheet aanee konatehi paddhatshir samkalin abhyas aayojit kele gele naheet.
konatyahi pranyapeksha sarvat daat phara asalele sagari uudale, sagari minkchya bhavitavyapasun agadi qamee antarane bachavale. uttar prashant mahasagaratil mothya loksankhyecha shodh hii kamchatka, alutian bete aanee alaskamadhye russian vistaramagil pramukh aarthik prerak shakti hotee, tasech kuril betanvaril japan aanee paradeshi shikarinshi sangharshache kaaran hotee. california aanee british kolambiyamadhye vyapak shikarasah, 1911 madhye aantarrashtriy sthagiti lagoo hoiparyant hii prajati namshesh honyachya umbarathyavar aanali gelee.
aaj, kahee mustellids itar karananmule dhokyat aahet. sagari udari teel galatee aanee atimatsyi masemarichya apratyaksh parinamanna balee padanyachi shakyata asate; european polketche natevaik asalelya kalya payanchya ferretla american preriche nuksan hote aanee adhivasacha naash aanee chhal yamule volverinechi loksankhya haloohaloo qamee hott aahe. durmil european mink ('mustela lutreola') hii sarvat luptapray mustellid prajatinpaiki eka aahe.
ferrett, eka paliv european polcat, heey baryapaiki samanya paliv prani aahe.
utkranti aanee paddhatshir.
uttar americetil sarvat june dnyat mustellid heey oregonchya prarambhik aanee usheera oligosine (prarambhik aanee usheera ericarian, aar 1-ar 3) madheel 'corumictis volsani' aahe. europemadhil madhya oligosine "mustellictis" dekhil eka mustellid asoo shakate. mustellidsche itar suruvatiche jivashma oligocenechya shevatapasun myoseenchya suruvatiparyantche hote. yapaiki konate prakar mustelideche purvaj aahet aanee konate pahile mustellid manale jaave heey aspasht aahe.
jivashma nondi soochit karatat qee eurasiamadhye oligosine kalachya uttaradhat (33 mayae) mustellids disu lagale aanee antarctica aanee austreliya (suruvatichya myosene darmyan kinwa tevhapasoon jodalele serve khand) vagalata pratyek khandat sthalantarit jhaale. teey berring land brijdware americet pohochale.
alikadil 68 mustellids (66 vidyaman prajati) 22 vanshanmadhye aath upkutumbanmadhye vargikrut kelya aaheth
upkutumb taxidine
upkutumb melivorine
upkutumb melina
upkutumb helitidine
upkutumb gulonine
upkutumb ectonichine
upkutumb lutrina (uudake)
upkutumb musteline (visels, ferrett aanee mink)
jivashma mustellids
mustelliday kutumbatil namshesh jhalelya vanshamadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
phylogeny.
coephphly aanee itaranni tayar kelelya multigin phylogeny. (2008) aanee kayada aanee itar. (2018) asey aadhalale qee mustelidemadhye aath jiwant upkutumb aahet. suruvatichya mustelidsmadhye eurasiamadhye vaividhyapurnatechya done jalad sphotanna tond dyave lagale asey disate, parinami prajati nantarach itar khandanmadhye pasarlya.
mustellid prajatinchya vividhateche shrey anekada madhya-myosene hawaman sankramanashi sankramanashi anukool kiranotsargala dile jaate. apeksha, kayada aanee itaranchya viruddha. (2018) mustelidechya ugamsthanavar vanshavividhatechya jalad sphotansathi konatahi purava sapadala nahee aanee aanvik aanee jivashma-aadharit paddhatincha vapar karoon vanshavividhatechya darachya pudhil vishleshanat vanshavividhateche darr aanee madhya-myosene hawaman sankraman yanchyatil sambandh aadhalale naheet.

