
torph-enar

enar rognavaldarson (ii. sha. 890chya dashakachya suruvatila. 910), jyala anekada tyachya torph-enar (kadhikadhi turf-enar mhanoon ingrajimadhye sambodhale jaate) yaa navane sambodhale jaate, too orkanichya norse arlapaiki eka hota. norse "jarl" rognawald eyesteinsoncha mulga aanee upapatni, tyacha sattevar yenyacha uday kathanmadhye sambandhit aahe, jeey preranasathi ainarchya swatachya rachanechya shlokanvar varvarvar pahata yetat. scotlandchya uttarekadil betanvar niyantran midvanyasathi aanee norwegian rajgharanyashi sangharsh kelyanantar, enarne eka rajvanshachi sthapana kelee, jyane tyachya mrutyunantar shatkanushatke betanvar niyantran kayam thewale.
tyala eka yashasvi yoddha mhanoon chitrit kele gele aahe aanee tyachi norse dev odinashi samaan vividh vaishishtye aahet parantu tyachya aitihasiktevar shanka nahee. tyachya 'turf' yaa topananavachi karane nishchit naheet.
srot.
enarchya jivanache srot keval norse gatha aahet, jyapaiki ekahi tyanchya aayushyat lihileli nahee. orkeninga gatha" hii 13vya shatkachya suruvatila eyeslandmadhye pahilyanda sankalit karnyat aalee hotee aanee vidvanannusar tyat asaleli bahutek mahitee "pushti karane katheen" aahe. hemscringla' madhye dekhil enarracha ullekh aahe, joou 'orkeninga gatha' sarkhach juna aahe. "torph-enarrachi gatha" "aata nasht jhaali aahe aanee eka chhota marg" "landanamac" "madhye nondavala gela aahe". elfadanchya lamb payanshi asalelya tyachya bhandanababat swatah enar yanni lihilele heey shlok, tyanchyabaddalachya bahutek katha lekhakachya mahitiche srot hote.
kautumbik parshvabhoomi.
enar haah eka upapatnidware, morcha jarl, rognawald istancencha sarvat lahan mulga hota. katha aanee 'historiya norwegia' nusar, roganwaldchya kutumbane navvya shatkachya uttaradhat orkani aanee shetland bete jinkley. roganwaldcha bhau, seagered eyesteinson yala orkanicha zot banavanyat aala aanee mohimedarmyan tyachya mrutyunantar tyacha mulga, guthoram, joou thodyach velat maran pavala, too tyachya jaagi aala. tyanantar roganwaldne betanvar rajya karnyasathi tyachya swatachya eka mulala, holladla pathavale.
orkeninga gatha" mhanate qee enar heey sahaa bhavanpaiki eka hote, itar hoteh hallad, hrolog, ever, hrolfer aanee thorir daad silent. halled, enar aanee hrolog heey teen jyeshth, roganwaldche naisargik putra hote aanee "jevha tyanche vivahat janmalele bhau ajunahi lahan hote tevha teey praudh purush hote". raja harrald finehairchya mohimedarmyan iwar marla gela, jyacha parinam mhanoon tyachya kutumbala nuksan bharpai mhanoon 'norreyar' bhet denyat aala. hrolfer itka motha hota qee konatahi ghoda tyala vahoon neuu shakat navhata, mhanoon tyache 'gongu-hrolf' ('hrolf daad walker') heey aadnav aahe aanee katha lekhakanni tyala normandichya dukescha purvaj, rollo asey olakhale aahe. thorir daad silent haah ragnavaldacha ragnahieldshee jhalelya tyachya vivahamule jhalela tisra mulga hota.
erii thorgilson yanni 'landanamac' madheel haravalelya 'torph-enarchya katheteel' eka chhotya bhagacha hawala deela aahe. teey suru hoteh "earl turf-enar (orkanicha) yala tyachya tarunyat eka mulgi hotee, teela thordies mhatale jaat asey. earl rognawaldne tiche sangopan kele aanee tiche lagn thorgir cloffishy kele, tyancha mulga enar hota, too tyachya natevaikanna bhetayala orkanila gela; teey tyachya natevaikasathi tyache malak honar naheet; nantar enarne westman aanee waymond yaa done bhavanchya bhagidarit eka jahaj vikat ghetale aanee teey eyeslandla gele."landnamabock" pudhe jaaun enarchya tethil pravasacha sankshipt sandarbh dete. tyat isolph aanee eljot yaa tyachya done mulanchi aanee tyanchya aanee tyanchya vanshajanchya kahee tapashilanchi yadee aahe. kathanmadhye enarrache varnan eka dolhyat unch, kuroop aanee aandhala, parantu tikshna drushti asey kele aahe.
sattevar yene.
danish samudri chachyanchya shikarimule enarracha bhau halled orkneymadhye niyantran rakhu shakala nahee. tyane aaplya malkicha rajinama deela aanee eka samanya jamindar mhanoon norwella paratala, joou "pratyekala eka motha vinod vatala."halladchya apayshamule ragat udananya roganwaldla tyachya mulanna thorir aanee hrollogla bolavave lagale. tyanni vicharale qee tyanchyapaiki konala bete havee aahet, parantu thorir mhanale qee nirnay earlver avalambun aahe. roganwaldne andaj vartavala qee thorircha marg tyala norweymadhye thewel aanee tyaa hollugche eyeslandmadhye tyache bhagya shodhane niyat hote. naisargik mulanpaiki sarvat lahan asalelya enarne nantar pudhe yeuun betanvar jaanyacha prastav deela. roganwald mhanalah "tumchya kutumbatil pratyek bajula gulam mhanoon janmaleli aaee aahe heey lakshat gheta, tumhi jaast shasak honyachi shakyata nahee. pann mea sahmat aahe, tumhi jitkya lavkar jaal aanee jitkya lavkar parat yaal, titka mea anandi asen."
too nighun jaeel aanee kadhihi parat yenar nahee yaa aashene, rognawaldne enarla eka jahaj aanee karmchari denyas sahmati darshavali. tyachya vadilanchya shanka asoonahi, scottish betanvar pohochalyavar, enarne tethe rahnare done danish sardar, thorir trescage (thorir tribiard) aanee calf scurfa (calf daad scurvy) yanchyashi ladha deela aanee tyancha parabhav keela. tyanantar enarne swatahla eka pradeshacha earl mhanoon sthapit kele jyat orkani aanee shetland yaa done dweepsamuhancha samavesh hota.
norweshi sambandh.
enarrane orkneymadhye sthayik jhalyanantar harrald finehairche done aniyantrit mulge, hulvedon holleg (ingrajih halfdon longlegs) aanee goodrod eljom (ingrajih goodrod daad glaming) yanni enarrache vadil rognawald yanna tyanchya gharat adakavoon aanee tyanna aag lavoon thaar marle. goodrodne rognavaldachya jamini tabyat ghetalya tarr hafdon paschimekade orkanila ravana jhaala aanee nantar enarrala visthapit kele. yaa aakhyayika sangatat qee, raja harraldney, tyachya mulanchya krutimule, spashtapane stabdh houn, goodroadcha padav keela aanee roganwaldchya jamini tyacha mulga thorir yachyakade parat dilya. scottish mukhya bhoomivaril talapasoon enarne halfdonchya betanvaril tabyat virodh keela. samudratil ladhai jinkalyanantar aanee jaminivar nirdayi moheem jinkalyanantar, enarne uttar ronaldsaver lapoon rahilelya hafdanchi hergiri kelee. yaa kathanmadhye assa dawa keela gela aahe qee, halfadanla pakadanyat aale aanee tyane odinla rakt garud mhanoon balee dile.
orkani betavaril lokanni kelelya hafdanchya hatyechi nond 'historiya norwegi' madhye swatantrapane kelee gelee aahe, parantu tyachya mrutyuchi paddhat anirdisht aahe. rakt garud yadnya haah eka gairsamaj kinwa sagaraitarsacha shodh asoo shakato kaaran too purvichya scaldic shlokanmadhye thet disat nahee, jeey tyaeivaji soochit karate qee halfdan haah bhalechya tofane marla gela hota. yaa shlokanmadhye garud haah eka korada pakshi mhanoon ullekh keela aahe aanee yamule katha lekhakanna rakt garud ghatakachi olakh karoon denyasathi prabhavit kele asave. tyanantar katha sangatat qee harraldney tyachya mulachya apmanaspad mrutyucha suud ghetala aanee enarchya virodhat moheem suru kelee, parantu tyala hatvoo shakala nahee. akheris, heraldne enar aanee betanchya mishramalakanna aakarlelya 60 suvarnachinhanchya dandachya badalyat ladhai sampavanyas sahmati darshavali. jarr allodial jamindaranni tyanchya jamini tyachyakade sopavalya tarr sampoorn dand bharnyachi aupher enar yanni dilee, jyas teey sahmat jhaale. betanvaril niyantranabaddal enarrachya gruheet dharane changlya prakare pramanit asalyache disate aanee nantarchya bhashyakaranni too kshan manla jyaveli orkanichya earles sampoorn bett samoohache malak mhanoon norwechya rajala shulk mhanoon midale. itaranni 60 sonyachya khuna bharnyacha arth 'wargiild' kinwa 'blood munny' assa lavala aahe.
kathankanmadhye chukicha dawa keela aahe qee orkanichya earlala 'turf-enar' mhatale gele kaaran tyane betanvar turf kinwa piit jaalanyachi pratha suru kelee kaaran lakud khoop qamee hote. hii pratha norsechya byanch kalapurvichi aahe aanee topananamache kharey kaaran adnyat aahe. orkeninga gatha" madhye too orkanichya madhyavarti bhagachya dakshines asalelya tarbat ness yethe piit katingache aayojan karato. jangalatil qamee honyamule jalatya lakadapasoon pitkade sanskrutik badal houu shakala asata, parantu sambhavyatah heey naav udbhavale kaaran enardware betavaril lokanchya samanya kinwa mishra adhikaranchya japtimule tyanna turve kapanyakade valane bhag padale.
varsa.
enarrachya dirgh karkirditil urvarit kaal haah spashtapane aavhanatmak navhata aanee too tyachya aajarpanat maran pavala, aanee teen mule, ernkell, erland aanee thorphin sodoon gela, jeey tyachya nantar orkaniche 'jarles' banale. tyachya sharirik kamatarata tasech tyachya qamee janmalelya aainantarhi, enarne eka rajvansh sthapan keela jyane 1470 paryant orkani betanvar rajya kele.
yaa suruvatichya kalat, orkani earldamshee sambandhit anek tarkha anishchit aahet. anek strotanmadhye enarracha mrutyu sumare 910 asalyache mhatale aahe. crofford (2004) suchavato qee too 930 paryant jagala aanee eshale (1998) mhanato qee "tyachya mulanchya vayala tyachya jaagi yeu dett tyane kiman 920 kinwa tyanantarchya varshaparyant rajya kele asave."
landnamabak' madhye enarrashi sambandhit paach shlok nondavale gele aahet jeey rognawald eyesteinson aanee harrald finehairchya kutumbanmadhil bhandanache varnan karatat. yaa shlokanvyatirikt, torph-enarchya kavitechi itar konatihi udaharane tikoon rahili naheet, jaree tee mothya kamacha bhag asalyache disate. thorir tribiard aanee calf daad scurvy yaa done samudri daku wickingschya enarchya parabhavache smaran karananya donhinmadhye, sambandhit shlokanshi julanare meater aanee aliterative samanata aahet.
eka kavee mhanoon enarrala kahishi prasiddhi midali asavi, kaaran teravya shatkat lihilelya junya norse kavitechya 'hattatal' yaa parikshet, 'torph-enarshutra' yaa vishisht prakarchya chhandala sandarbhit karnyasathi tyache naav vaparale gele aahe.
arth lavane.
kathanmadhil enarrachi bahutek katha swatah enarrachya paach scaldic shlokanvarun vyutpann jhalyache disate aanee enarracha vijay haah itihasatil achook aahe qee nahee heey nishchit nahee. jaree 'historiya norwegi', hii katha tyach velee lihili gelee asali taree vegalya strotapasun, heey pushti karate qee rognavaldachya kutumbane bete jinkley, parantu tyat kahee tapasheel dile aahet. ainarche vadil tyancha tiraskar karatat asey kathanmadhil drushya heey eka sahityik sadhan aahe jeey anekada junya norse sahityat aadhalate. orkneymadhye halladchya apayshanantar, vadil aanee tyanchya mulanmadhil sanvadacha arth assa lavala gela aahe qee, earl auph morey mhanoon swatache sthan majboot karnyachya roganwaldchya ichchebaddal aanee icelandchya suruvatichya itihasacha eka sanket, jithe aakhyayika lihilya gelya hotya. thorir haah eka aadnyadharak mulga aahe, jyala gharee thevanyas raganwaldla anand hoto. haralyoogche chitran eka shant manus mhanoon kele gele aahe joou eyeslandla jaeel. enar aakramak aahe aanee tyachya vadilanchya sthitila dhoka aahe mhanoon orkanichya dhokyanpasun vachata yete. landnamabak' aavruttit titkech aakramak hrolfer dekhil upasthit aahe aanee tyache nasheeb soyiskarpane durchya normandymadhye asanyachi apeksha aahe.
orkeninga gatha' chya lekhakane done parasparvirodhi marganni enarracha darja sthapit keela. matra, 
"itihas" roganwaldchya kutumbache varnan "samudri daku" asey kele jaate, hii katha tyanna rajane sthapit keleli kayadeshiraritya sthapit keleli padvi pradan karate. matra, enarrache yash heey mukhyatve tyachya swatachya prayatnanvar avalambun aahe aanee too aandhalepana dakhvinyaivaji raja harraldshey vataghati karato. asha prakare lekhak tyachya gharachi vaidhata aanee swatantrya yaa donhinvar bharr denyas saksham aahe.
enarmadhye odinashi sambandhit vividh vaishishtye dekhil dilee jaatat. doghannahi fakt eka dolha aahe aanee enarchya hatoon ardhadancha bhayanak mrutyu dewala arpan keela jaato-eka krutee jyamadhye odinchya swatachya balidanacha havmalmadhye eka sanket aahe. enar haah eka krutishil manus aahe joou swatah tayar aahe aanee too eka yashasvi yoddha aahe joou (tyachya bhavanpramane) tyachya vadilanchya mrutyucha badala gheto. too natyamay aanee sansmaraniy jeevan jagato aanee "pracheen, shaktishali aanee rahasyamay-pann eka kharee vyakti nasoon eka sahityik vyakti" mhanoon udayas yeto. too eka assa vyakti dekhil aahe jyache kathechya suruvatila disane heey tyachya vanshaj seent magnuschya nantarchya hautatmyashi virodhabhas aahe, joou kathecha eka "naitik uchch bindu" darshavito.