aragochi paribhraman

aragochi paribhraman hii eka nirikshan karnyayogya chumbakeey ghatana aahe jyamadhye chumbakeey suee aanee gatishil dhatoo disk yanchyatil parasparsanvad samavisht asato. 1824 madhye francois aragone yaa prabhavacha shodh lavala. tyanchya shodhachya velee, aragochya paribhramananche aashcharyakarak parinam hote jeey spasht karane katheen hote. 1831 madhye, michael farrade yanni vidyutchumbakiy preran siddhant sadar keela, jyat parinam tapshilvar kase hotat heey spasht kele.
itihas.
prarambhik nirikshane aanee prakashne.
vidnyanachya itar shakhanmadhye anekada ghadalyapramane, chumbakeey paribhramanancha shodh anek vyaktinni jawaljawal ekach velee lavala hota, jyanchya sarvansathi pradhanya asalyacha dawa keela gela aahe. 1824 chya sumaras, parisache prasiddha vadya-nirmata gamby yanni anaupacharik nirikshan kele hote qee eka hokayantra-suee, jevha vichalit hote aanee tyachya kendrabindubarobar dolan karat asate, tevha hokayantra-peticha talashi tambyacha asel tarr tee lakud kinwa itar samagripeksha lavkar vishranti ghete. voolvich yetheel barlo aanee daldalichya pradeshat ekach velee tyachya shejari asalelya lokhandi golat madhyamatoon chumbakeey suivar honara parinam disun yet hota. arago yaa khagolshastradnyala, jyala yaa ghatanebaddal gambikadoon mahitee midali asey mhatale jaate, parantu jyane 1822 madhye swatantrapane tyacha shodh lavala asey mhatale jaate, chumbakeey nirdharanvar humbolts kaam kartana, 22 november 1824 roji parisachya 'akadami days sciences' chya aadhi maukhikpane kelelya nirikshanabaddalacha ahwal prakashit karnara too pahila vyakti hota. tyane vegvegalya samgrichya ringjamadhye eka hokayantra-suee tangli, suila sumare 45° varr bajula dhakalale aanee zokecha coone 10° paryant qamee honyapurvi suine kelelya dolananchi sankhya mojali. lakadi angathimadhye 145, patal tambyachya angathimadhye 66 aanee majboot tambyachya angathimadhye tee sankhya keval 33 hotee.
paribhraman chumbakatva.
tambyachya vastumanachya upasthiticha parinam mhanje suichya compananna olava dene. pratyek swingla purvipramanech vel lagato, parantu amplitude qamee hotat; halchali qamee hott jaatat, janoo kahee kamat kahee adrushya gharshan hote. aragone tippani kelee qee tyane eka shaktichya upasthiticha purava deela joou keval chumbak-suee aanee tambyachya vastumanamadhye sapeksh gatee asatana astitvat hota. tyanni yaa ghatanela paribhraman chumbakatva asey naav dile. 1825 madhye tyane aanakhi eka prayog prakashit keela, jyamadhye krutee aanee pratikriyechya tattvavar yuktivad karoon tyane tambyachya diskchya (anjir) gatidware sthir suivar pratikriya nirman kelee. 1). kagadachya kinwa kachechya patrikene talashi bund kelelya kachechya baranimadhye eka kampas-suee latkavat tyane tee tambyachya firatya discover dharali. jarr nantarchi suee haloohaloo valat asel tarr tee fakt chumbakeey meridianmadhun baher kadhali jaate, diskchya firanyachya arthane valanyachi pravrutti asate, janoo tee adrushyapane odhali jaate. jalad paribhramanane vichalan adhik hote. jarr paribhraman itake vegwan asel qee suee 90° peksha jaast odhali gelee tarr satat paribhraman hote. tathapi, aragola aadhalale qee shakti keval sparshika navhati. firatya discoveril santulanachya kiranatoon eka suee ubhya bajula latkavalyavar tyala aadhalale qee disk firavali gelee tevha tee mage hatvali gelee hotee. diskchya jawal latakalelya khambala, jarr khamb diskchya kathajaval asel tarr, tyala trijyechya baherchya dishene dhakalanyasathi, parantu jarr khamb kendrachya jawal asel tarr, tyala trijyechya aatalya dishene dhakalanyachi pravrutti asalelya trijyechya shaktinni dekhil karya kele hote.
durvar chumbakeey krutibaddal kulombchya kalpananmadhye gumphalelya poisonne, serve vastoo chumbakanchya upasthitit tatpurte chumbakatva prapt karatat, parantu tambyamadhye yaa tatpuratya chumbakatwala nasht honyas jaast vel lagla yachee pushti karat, firanyachya chumbakatvacha siddhant tayar karnyasathi nibandh keela. haah siddhant tathyancha hishob karnyat ayashasvi tharala, asey aragone vyarthpane nidarshanas aanoon dile. tathakathit 'paribhraman chumbakatva' hii eka nishchit kalpana bananyachi dhamki dett hotee.
itar shastradnyanni kelelya ghatananche sanshodhan.
yaa tappyavar anek ingraji prayogkartyanni, babbage aanee hershell yanni, christine aanee nantar sturgeon aanee farrade yanni yaa ghatanecha tapas keela. babbage aanee hershell yanni vegvegalya samgridvare suivar ghatalelya ghatalelya shaktiche praman mojale aanee chandi aanee tambe (jeey vijeche done sarvottam vahak aahet) heey sarvat shaktishali asalyache aadhalale, tyanantar sone aanee jast, tarr shise, paaraa aanee bismuth heey shaktimadhye khoop qamee hote. 1825 madhye tyanni aaragochya prayogacha yashasvi ulatya ghoshanechi ghoshana kelee; kaaran chumbakache firane eka pevoted tambe diskchya (anjir) khalee kele. 2) tyanni nantarche vegane firavanyas karanibhoot tharale hote. tyanni heey dekhil ullekhaneey nirikshan kele qee kapani tambyachya pattyamadhye (anjir) trijyane kapali jaate. 3) firatya chumbakadware firanyachi tyachi pravrutti qamee jhaali. jarr naan lavalelya diskchi firnari shakti 100 mhanoon ganali gelee tarr eka radial slitney tee 88 paryant qamee kelee, done radial slit 77 paryant, chaar teey 48 aanee aath teey 24 paryant. 1826 madhye, ampearne dakhavun dile qee tambyachi firnari disk dekhil shejarchya tambyachya taravar eka valan kshan vaparte jyadvare pravah vahat aahe. germanymadhye seabeck, switzerlandmadhye prevost aanee colladon, italimadhye nobili aanee basselli yanni ingraji prayogkartyanchya nirikshananna pushti dilee aanee itaranchi bharr ghatali. pahilya khambachya bajula thevalelya aanee prakarchya viruddha prakarchya chumbak khambachya upasthitimule, chumbakeey khambacha pravah tambyachya discover olava padanyacha prabhav qamee jhalyache sturgeonne dakhavun dile. paach varshannantar teey yaa vishayakade paratale aanee 1831 madhye magnetto-electric inductionveril farradechya tejaswi sanshodhanachya prakashanane, teey jyachya shodhat hote tyaa sampoorn spashtikaranala adavale tevha teey nishkarshavar pohochale qee haah parinam vidyut vikshobh hota, "vidyut-chumbakatvat "vidyut-chumbakatvat pratikriyecha eka prakar". farradene, kharey tarr, asey dakhavun dile qee chumbak aanee tambyachya discommadhil sapeksh gatee anivaryapane diskchya dhatoot pravah sthapit karate, jyamule paraspar shaktinsah chumbakeey dhruvavar pratikriya houn sapeksh gatee qamee hote-mhanje, sthir bhagala (mug too chumbak asso kinwa disk) halatya bhagachya dishene khechanyachi pravrutti aanee nehmi halatya bhagachya gateela virodh karanyachi pravrutti. kharey tarr, pravah pravah diskmadhye goal firatat, joparyant sliding samparkadvare pudhe jaat naheet. 
farrade aanee matuci yanni edee-pravahanvar prayog kele.
heey, kharokharach, farradever parinam jhaala, jevha tyane tyachya tambyachya diskchya kathavar (anjir. 4) eka shaktishali chumbakchya khambanmadhye aanee teey firavale, tarr dhaar aanee excelchya viruddha pravah kadhoon taknyasathi spring sampark dabale gele. vidyutprerak-shakti, gatichya samkonavar aanee chumbakeey kshetrachya reshanvar karya karate, jyamule diskchya trijyavarun vahanare pravah tayar hotat. jarr konatahi bahya marg pradan keela gela nasel, tarr pravahanni diskchya dhatumadhye swatahsathi antargat paratavyache marg shodhane aavashyak aahe. 
anjir. 5 heey chumbakeey khambanmadhye madhyamatoon diskmadhye kinarichi jodee kashee basavali jaate heey darshavate. yaa kadaa jastit jaast vidyut-prerak-shaktichya trijyechya donhi bajunna samamitiyapane sthit asatat. 6).
eddie-pravahanchya parisancharanachi disha nehmi sapeksh halchalila virodh karnari asate. khambanmadhun khalee sarkat asalelya bhagacha eddie-pravah khambanna pudhe aakarshit karato kinwa diskcha haah bhag mage khechato. khambanchya dishene pudhe pudhe bhagatil dhaar pravah tyaa khambancha pathlag karato aanee tyaa khambancha pathlag karato. heey spasht aahe qee diskmadhye kapalelya konatyahi chhidranmule eddie-pravahancha pravah maryadit hoil aanee dhatumadhil tyanchya sambhavya margancha pratikar vadhavanyasathi tyanna maryadit karoon, jaree teey vidyut-prerak-shakti qamee karnar nahee. sturgeonchya sanshodhanat diskmadhye eddie-pravah konatya dishene vahatat heey nishchit karnyasathi anek prayoganche varnan kele aahe. matuci yanni samaan, parantu adhik sampoorn sanshodhan kele. madhyamatoon golanmadhil preran ganitiyadrushtya jockmanne aanee nantar vilap kelelya heartzdware tapasale.
farradene edee-pravahanvar anek manoranjak prayog dakhavale. itaranmadhye tyane eka valalelya dhagyala tambyacha eka ghan eka shaktishali vidyutchumbakachya (anjir) khambanmadhil thet reshet tangla. 7). ghan chaloo honyapurvi, tyachya vajanamule, dorr ughada aanee vegane firwa. vidyutpravah chaloo karoon chumbkala uttejit kelyavar, ghan lagech thambate; parantu vidyutpravah tutatach punha firayala suruvat hote. matuchine kagdane ekmekanpasun vegale kelelya kagadachya kagadachya chaukoni tukadyancha ghan tayar karoon haah prayog badalala. heey laminated cube (anjir. 8) jarr chumbakeey kshetrat hook "aaa" neey nilambit kele, jenekarun tyache lamine chumbakeey kshetrachya reshanna samantar asel, tarr vidyutchumbakamadhil pravah achanak chaloo jhalyamule tyachya firnyamadhye thambavata yenar nahee; tarr jarr hook "buub" neey tangle tarr, jenekarun tyache lamination ubhya pratalat asateel aanee nantar firane seet kele, vidyutchumbak uttejit asatana ekach velee atak kele gele. nantarchya prakaranat keval eddie-pravah prasarit houu shakat hote; kaaran tyanna chumbakeey reshanchya samkonavar samatalanmadhye marg aavashyak asatat.
farradene arago rotationchya spashtikaranasaha, keval prerit edee-pravahanmule asalyache sangoon, tyanche kaaran adnyat asatana tyanna utsahat aanaleli vichitra ruchi jawaljawal sampaleli disate. kharey, kahee varshannantar kahee swarasya punha jagrut jhaale jevha faukane dakhavun dile qee teey dhatuchi disk garam karnyas saksham aahet, jarr odhoon asoonahi chumbakeey kshetrat firane jabardastine chaloo thewale gele. yaa nirikshanamule farradene shodhalele edee-pravah qaa viola havey hote kaaran aragochya ghataneche spashtikaran jyala faucaultche pravah mhatale jaate teey spasht nahee. jarr konala tyachya navavarun eddie-pravahanche naav thevanyacha sanman milanyacha haqq asel, tarr too spashtapane farrade kinwa arago aahe, faucault nahee. thodya velanantar, leey roxney virodhabhas nirman keela qee ekagrat chumbakeey khambanmadhye firnari tambyachi disk tyadvare garam kelee jaat nahee aanee teela konatyahi odhanicha samna karava lagat nahee. yache spashtikaran pudhilpramane aahe. diskchya eka bajus valayakar uttar dhruv aanee aanee bajus valayakar dakshin dhruv asalyas, jaree discomadhun thet chumbakeey kshetra tayar jhaale asale, taree tethe eddie-pravah nasatat. kaaran jarr diskchya serve bajunna samaan vidyut prerak-shakti trijya aatalya kinwa trijya baherchya dishene nirdeshit asateel, tarr diskchya konatyahi trijyevaril pravahansathi paratanyacha marg rahnar nahee. parigh fakt kendrapeksha kinchit vegali kshamata gheil; parantu konatahi pravah vahanar nahee kaaran discommadhil konatyahi bund margachya bhovati vidyut-prerak shakti santulit asatat.
itar shastradnyanni tamrapatasah kelele prayog.
1884 madhye, vilobi smithne madhyamatoon dhatuchya discover eka tapas prakashit keela jyamadhye tyanna samaan aakarachya tambyachya diskmadhye tayar tayar vidyut-prerak-shaktipeksha utkrusht vidyut-prerak-shakti nirman karnyasathi lokhandi disk aadhalalya.
1879 madhye guthri aanee mulanni tirkas dhagyachya madhyamatoon madhyamatoon chumbkavar tambyachi plate tangli aanee tyanna aadhalale qee tirakasta hii firanyachya vegachya thet pramanat hotee. yantrasamagricha veg mojanyasathi asey upkaran agadi achook asalyache tyanni nidarshanas aanoon dile. tyanni tambyachi plate aanee chumbak yanchyatil antar badalnyavar aanee tambyachya diskcha vyas aanee jaadi badalnyavar dekhil prayog kele.
vividh dhatunvar prayog kele gele aanee dhatuchi chalakata jitaki platechya swarupat gundallyanantar mojata yete titaki torq badalat asalyache aadhalun aale. gaddar. tyanantar guthri aanee mulanni dravpadarthachi chalakata mojanyasathi hii paddhat lagoo kelee.
1880 madhye, dii fonviel aanee launtin yanni asey nirikshan nondavale qee eka halakya pevoted tambe discala satat firvat thewale jaau shakate-ekada suru kele tarr-chumbakchya upasthitit, aayatakruti chaukativar (junya galvanometerchya gundalipramane) vran kelelya tambe taranchya gundalit thewale jaau shakate aanee samanya rumcorf induction gundalitun paryayi pravah puravale jaau shakatat. tyanni tyanchya upkaranala vidyutchumbakiy garoscope mhatale.
1879 purvi motarchya bandhkamat arago rotationcha vapar keela jaau shakato asey konalahi vatale nahee asey disate.
aragochya paribhramananche sankshipt varnan.
chumbakeey suee hii tambyachya pattyachya thodya antaravar asalelya kendrakavar kinwa taravar muktapane latkavali jaate. jarr disk sthir asel tarr suee pruthvichya chumbakeey kshetrashi sanrekhit hote. jarr disk tyachya swatachya pratalat firavali gelee tarr suee diskchya tyach dishene firate. (chumbak aanee discommadhil antar vadhalyane parinam qamee hoto.)
badalah
vahak aanee chumbak yanchi sapeksh gatee vahkamadhye eddie pravah prerit karate, jeey sapeksh gateela virodh karnari kinwa virodh karnari shakti kinwa torq tayar karate kinwa vastoonna jodanyacha prayatna karate. edee current breaking aanee magnetic dampingmadhe teech dragsarkhi shakti vaparali jaate.

