
jivashastratil teleology

jivashastratil teleology mhanje utkrantivadi rupantaranchya khatyanmadhye dhyey-nirdeshit bhashecha vapar, jee kahee jivashastradnya aanee vidnyanachya tattvadnyanna samasyapradhan vatate. dursanchar hii sandnya dekhil prastavit karnyat aalee aahe. darwinchya aadhi, jivankade astitva mhanoon pahile jaat hote kaaran devane tyanchi rachana aanee nirmiti kelee hotee; dolhyansarkhi tyanchi vaishishtye naisargik dharamshastrane tyanna pahane yasarkhi tyanchi karye paar padnyas saksham karnyasathi tayar kelee hotee. utkrantivadi jivashastradnya anekada samaan teleological formulation vapartat jeey uddeshala soochit karatat, parantu heey janivpurvak asso kinwa naso, vastavik uddishtanaivaji naisargik nivad soochit karatat. jivashastradnya aanee dharmik vicharvantanche asey mutt hote qee utkranti swatach kahee pramanat dhyey-nirdeshit (orthogenesis) hotee aanee jivavadi aavrutyanmadhye, eka uddeshpurn jeevan shaktine chalavali jaat hotee. naisargik nivadidvare utkrantimule varshane midalelya vividhatevar karya karat asatana, jivashastratil teleologychya vaparavar teeka jhaali aahe aanee vidyarthyanna teleological bhasha talhayala shikavanyache prayatna kele gele aahet.
tathapi, jivashastradnya ajunahi anekada utkrantibaddal asey lihitat qee jivanchi uddishte aahet, aanee francisco ayala aanee jeey. sarkhya jivashastratil kahee tatvadnya. buub. ess. utkrantivadi jivashastrat teleological bhasha apariharya aahe asey halden manatat.
sandarbh.
teleology.
greek bhashetil teleology, telos, 'shevat, uddesh' aanee-lojia, 'dnyanachi eka shakha', hii sankalpana 1728 madhye tatvadnya khristi wonn wolf yanni tayar kelee hotee. hii sankalpana pracheen greek tattvadnyanatil aristotalpasoon aalee aahe, jithe ekhadya vastuche antim kaaran (uddesh) tyache karya aahe. tathapi, aristotalchya jivashastrat naisargik nivadidvare utkrantichi kalpana keleli nahee.
jivashastradnyanni vaparlele vakye, jase qee "eka karya... aahe..."kinwa" yasathi tayar kelele "kiman bhashet taree teleological aahet. naisargik nivadichya spashtikarananmadhye vastavik kinwa spasht teleologychi upasthiti haah jivashastrachya tattvadnyanacha eka vadgrast pailu aahe, kiman naisargik dharmashastrachya pratidhvaninsathi taree nahee.
naisargik dharamshastra.
darwinchya aadhi, naisargik dharamshastra yaa doghannihi devache astitva gruheet dharale aanee devachya astitvasathi yuktivad karnyasathi nisargatil karyarupacha vapar keela. ingraji parson-naturalist johnn reey yanni sangitale qee tyancha hetu "nisarg kinwa nirmitichya krutinchya dnyanat devache vaibhav spasht karane" haah hota. naisargik dharamshastrane teleological yuktivad kinwa rachnatoon yuktivad sadar kele, mhanje avyav tyanchya spasht uddeshasathi changle karya karatat, mhanoon teey changlya prakare tayar kele gele hote, mhanoon tyanchi rachana paropkari nirmatyane kelee asavi. udaharanarth, dolhyala pahanyache karya hote aanee tyat bubul aanee lensasarkhi vaishishtye hotee jee pahanyas madat karatat; mhanoon, yuktivad chalavala, too tyaa uddeshasathi tayar keela gela hota.
dhyey-nirdeshit utkranti.
dharmik vicharvant aanee jivashastradnyanni asey manale aahe qee utkranti hii kahee prakarchya jivanshaktidware chalavali jaate, jee jivavad mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka tatvadnyan aahe aanee anekada asey manale jaate qee tyache kahee prakarche dhyey kinwa disha aahe (jyachya dishene jeevan shakti prayatna kareet hotee, jarr tyancha tyavar vishvas asel tarr), jyala orthogenesis kinwa utkranti pragati mhanoon olakhale jaate. asha dhyey-nirdeshitatemule dirghakalin teleological shakti soochit hote; orthogenesischya kahee samarthakanni tee eka aadhyatmik shakti manali, tarr itaranni tee purnapane jaivik asalyache manale. udaharanarth, bhrunshastradnya carl ernst wonn bayer yancha nisargatil teleological shaktivar vishvas hota, tarr aadhyatmik tatvadnya heinry bergson yanni tyanchya 'creative evolution' (1907) yaa pustakat 'elaan vietal' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya utkrantitil sarjansheel shaktisathi yuktivad karat orthogenesisla jivatmavadashi jodale. jaivbhautikshastradnya piyare lekomte du nooy aanee vanaspatishastradnya edmond ware synot yanni anukrame 'telephinilism' aanee 'telesm' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya jivavadi utkrantivadi tatvadnyanancha vikas keela. tyanchya matanvar gair-vaidnyanik mhanoon jordar teeka karnyat aalee; pragjivshastradnya george gellard simpson yanni assa yuktivad keela qee du noy aanee synot utkrantichya dharmik aavrutyanna protsahan dett hote. jesuit paleantologist piyare tealhard dii chardin yanni assa yuktivad keela qee utkranti heey 'nirdeshit jodani' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya aadhyatmik 'omega point' sathee uddisht hote. aadhunik utkranti sanshleshan udayas aalyanantar, jyamadhye utkrantichya anuvanshik yantranecha shodh lagla, orthogenesische gruhitak jivashastradnyanni mothya pramanat sodoon dile, visheshtah ronald fisherschya 1930 chya 'daad genetical theary auph natural selection' yaa pustakat kelelya yuktivadasaha.
naisargik nivad.
1859 saalee charles darwinne utkrantichi madhyavarti yantrana mhanoon aanaleli naisargik nivad hii, phenotypemadhil farkanmule vyaktinche astitva aanee punarutpadan yaat farak aahe. hii yantrana thet utkranti soochit karate, kalantarane loksankhyechya aanuvanshik vaishishtyanmadhil badal.
anukulan.
loksankhyet tikoon rahilele vaishishtya heey utkrantichya kalat nivadle gele asave asey jivashastradnya anekada gruheet dharatat, jyamule heey vaishishtya kase sadhya hote haah prashna upasthit hoto. jivashastradnya asha konatyahi yantranes vaishishtyache karya mhanatat, "mruganni chikatavanyache karya mhanje teey sapadalele aahet asey shikarishi sanvad sadhane" kinwa "primate haat pakadanyasathi (naisargik nivadidvare) tayar keela aahe" yasarkhya vakyanshancha vapar karatat."
anukulan hii eka nirikshanyogya rachana kinwa jivanache itar vaishishtya aahe (udaharanarth, eka enzyme) jeey naisargik nivadidvare tyache vartaman karya purn karnyasathi tayar kele jaate. eka jivashastradnya asey gruhitak suchavu shakato qee pankh heey pakshyanchya uddanasathiche anukulan aahe. tyasathi teen goshtinchi aavashyakta aselah pankh asanyache vaishishtya varshane milanare aahe; teey vaishishtya udanyachya karyat kaam karate; aanee teey vaishishtya jyaa jivanmadhye aahe tyanchi tandurusti vadhavate. jiwant pakshyanmadhye yaa teen atinchi spashtapane purtata pankh karatat. tathapi, eka aitihasik prashna dekhil aahe, mhanje, pakshi udanyachya velich heey vaishishtya udbhavale qaa? durdaivane yaa gruhitkasathi, asey disat naheeh theropod dynasorena pankh hote, parantu tyapaiki barech udale naheet. uddanasathi saha-nivadle gelele parantu insulationsarkhya dusarya uddeshane aadhi vikasit jhalele, pankhanche varnan eka uchchhvas mhanoon kele jaau shakate. jivashastradnya teleological bhashet saha-paryay aanee purviche rupantar yaa donhinche varnan karoo shakatat.
utkrantivadi jivashastratil sthitee.
asvasthatechi karane.
utkrantivadi jivashastrat pratyaksh teleology haah eka varanvar yenara muddah aahe, jyamule kahee lekhak khoop aswasth hotat aanee eka spashtikaranatmak shaili mhanoon too vadgrast aahe. jivshastradnyanmadhye teleologychya asvasthatechi vividh karane aahet.
pratham, utkrantivadi jivashastradnya stephen jeey. yanchyapramane, anukulan hii sankalpana swatach vadgrast aahe, kaaran tee soochit karnyasathi ghetali jaau shakate. goaled aanee richard levontin yanni assa yuktivad keela qee, jivashastradnya voltairchya doctor panglos yanchya 1759 chya vyangchitra 'candide' madhye sahmat aahet qee heey 'serve sambhavya jaganpaiki sarvottam' aahe, dusya shabdant pratyek vaishishtya tyachya karyansathi purnapane yogya aahe. tathapi, utkrantivadi jivashastrasathi fakt eka kamkuvat dawa aavashyak aahe qee eka vaishishtya eka vishisht sandarbhat dusyapekaiishaa kamitakami thode changle aahe aanee mhanunach teey nivadle jaate.
dusare mhanje, teleology naisargik dharmashastrachya purv-darwinian kalpaneshi jodaleli aahe, qee naisargik jug johnn reey yanchya likhanapramane nirmatyachya janivpurvak rachana aanee hitkarak hetuncha purava dete. william derhamney 1713 saalee lihilelya 'bhautik-dharamshastra' aanee 1714 saalee lihilelya 'khagol-dharamshastra' yaa pustakansah reey yanchi parampara kayam thewali. tyaa badalyat tyanni william palliver prabhav padala, jyane 1802 madhye devasathi eka tapshilvar teleological yuktivad lihila, "naisargik dharamshastra, kinwa nisargachya swarupatoon gola kelelya devatechya astitvache aanee gunadharmanche purave", ghadyal nirmatyachya sadrushyapasun suruvat kelee. asha srushtivadasaha, jivavadi jeevan-shakti aanee nirdeshit orthogenetic utkranti bahutek jivashastradnyanni nakarli aahe.
tisare mhanje, anukulanashi sambandhit hetunmule, visheshtah pranyanni tyanchya hetundware tyanchya swatachya utkrantivar prabhav padane apekshit aahe, asha lamerkismchya lokpriy prakaranshi gondhal nirman honyacha dhoka aahe, jaree lamrock swatah vaparachya savayinaivaji bolat hota aanee tyache vichar teleological hote yaa vishvasala aavhan dile gele aahe.
chauthe, anukulanche teleological spashtikaran aswasth karnare aahe kaaran tyasathi magas kaaran aavashyak aahe, jyamadhye vidyaman vaishishtye bhavishyatil parinamandware spasht kelee jaatat; kaaran jevha ekhadya jivatamadhye konihi upasthit nasalyache gruheet dharale jaate tevha teey janivpurvak manachya krutiche shrey dete asey disate; aanee parinami, anukulan anubhavjanya chachani karane ashakya disate.
pachve kaaran sanshodhkanaivaji vidyarthyanshi sambandhit aaheh gonzalez galli assa yuktivad karatat qee lock naisargikaritya kalpana karatat qee utkranticha eka uddesh kinwa disha aahe, tarr naisargik nivadibaddal shiktana shastradnyankadun teleological bhashecha vapar vidyarthyansathi adthala mhanoon kaam karoo shakato. shikshan adhik prabhavi karnyasathi ashee bhasha kadhoon takavi, assa tyancha yuktivad aahe.
kadhoon taknyayogya teleological laghulipi.
nisargala uddishte aahet asey soochit karnari vidhane, udaharanarth jithe ekhadi prajati "astitva tikavoon thevanyasathi" kahitari karate asey mhatale jaate, tee teleological disate aanee tyamule utkrantivadi jivashastradnyanna amanya vatate. tathapi, pratyaksh teleology talhanyasathi ashee vakye punha lihine sahasa shakya aahe. kahee jivashastra abhyaskramanmadhye vidyarthyanna asha vakyanche punarlekhan karanyachi aavashyakta asalelya abhyaskramancha samavesh keela aahe jenekarun teey teleological ritine vachoo shakanar naheet. tathapi, jivashastradnya ajunahi varanvar asha prakare lihitat qee jyacha arth teleology assa aahe, jaree tyancha hetu too nasla taree. johnn reish assa yuktivad karatat qee utkrantivadi jivashastrala naisargik nivadisathi purv-darwinian ghadyal nirmatyachi upama nakarun spasht teleologypasoon mukt kele jaau shakate; utkrantivadi jivashastradnya richard dockins yanchyasarkhya lekhakanni yaa sadrushyaviruddha itar yuktivadannahi protsahan dile aahe.
james jee. yanchyasarkhe jivashastrache kahee tatvadnya. lenoxney assa yuktivad keela aahe qee darwin eka teleologist hota, tarr michael ghiselinsarkhya itaranni yaa davyache varnan tyachya charchechya chukichya arthanni protsahan dileli eka mithak mhanoon kele aanee teleological rupkancha vapar karane aanee pratyakshat teleological asane yateel farkanvar bharr deela. dusarikade, michael heads utkrantibaddal darwinchya vicharanmadhil badalache varnan karatat, jyacha shodh 'aun daad origine auph speesheej' chya pahilya khandapasoon nantarchya khandanparyant gheta yeto. pramukhansathi, darwin moolatah eka adhik teleological vicharvant hota, parantu kalantarane, teleology talhane shikala."heads yanni 1872 madhye darwinne lihilelya eka patracha hawala deela, jyamadhye tyanni jaivik anukulan spasht karnyat naisargik nivadichi bhoomika eka karanatmak shakti mhanoon qamee lekhali aanee tyaeivaji [naisargik nivadichya madtishivay] karya karananya" "vadhichya niyamanna" adhik mahatva dile ".
sandra day oo 'connor college auph laumadhil andreau aukland dawa karatat qee manvi sthitee sudharanyache uddisht asalelya transhumanismchya ulat, jyacha teey dawa karatat qee tee "purnapane teleological" aahe, darwinian utkranti teleological nahee.
aadhunik utkrantivadi jivashastrat vaparlya jaanarya teleological vakyanshankade naisargik nivadidvare utkrantivadi fayda denanya konatyahi karyache varnan karnyasathi laghulipicha eka prakar mhanoon vividh bhashyakar pahatat. udaharanarth, pranishastradnya ess. etch. pii. madrellne lihile qee jaaga vachavanyasathi "utkranti anukulanadvare badalache varnan karnyacha yogya parantu guntagunticha marg [kadachit] lahan ughadpane teleological vidhananni badalala jaeel", parantu heey asey soochit karnyasathi ghetale jaau naye qee utkranti yogayogane udbhavananya utparivartananvyatirikt itar konatyahi goshtidvare pudhe jaate, jeey naisargik nivadidvare laabh detat."
irreducible teleology.
tyaeivaji jivashastrachya itar tatvadnyancha assa yuktivad aahe qee jaivik durvidnyan heey aparivartaniy aahe aanee punarlekhan karnyachya konatyahi sopya prakriyedvare teey kadhoon takale jaau shakat nahee. francisco ayalane teen vegvegalya paristhiti nirdisht kelya jyat teleological spashtikaran yogya aahe. pratham, jarr agent janivpurvak tyanchya swatachya krutichya dhyeyacha andaj lavat asel; udaharanarth, paine uchalanyache vartan agentchya lihinyachya ichchechya sandarbhat spasht kele jaau shakate. parvat sinhapasoon harran paloon jaat asalyache lakshat gheuun ayal yaa prakarche teleological spashtikaran amanaviy pranyanna deto. . . kiman uddeshpurn vartanache swaroop asale pahije."dusare mhanje, teleological spashtikaran heey asha pranalinsathi upayukt aahet jyanchyakade vatavaranatil chadhautar asoonahi swayam-niyantranachi yantrana aahe; udaharanarth, pranyanmadhil sharirachya tapmanache swayam-niyaman. shevati, teey vishisht karya karnyasathi sharirik aanee sharirikdrushtya tayar kelelya sanrachananchya sandarbhat yogya aahet. "
tatvadnyani ernest nagelane kelelya karyavar avalambun asalele ayala, teleological yuktivad asvikarya aahet kaaran teey karanatmak asoo shakat naheet hii kalpana dekhil nakartat. nagelsathi, teleological yuktivad susangat asane aavashyak aahe kaaran teey nehmich bigger-teleological yuktivad mhanoon sudharit kele jaau shakatat. yaa doghanmadhil farak, aayala sathee, keval eka bharr aahe. nagel lihitat qee teleological yuktivad "ghatak bhag kinwa prakriyechya dilelya pranalichya parinamanvar" laksh kendrit karatat, tarr samatulya gair-teleological yuktivad "kahee atinvar" laksh kendrit karatat... jyaa antargat pranali tyachya vaishishtyapurn sanghatanet aanee kriyakalapanmadhye tikoon rahate."tathapi, francisco ayala yanni assa yuktivad keela qee teleological vidhane adhik spashtikaranatmak aahet aanee tyanchi vilhewat lavali jaau shakat nahee. tyachpramane, jaivik 'karya' hii aadhunik sankalpana naisargik nivadivar avalambun aahe, assa yuktivad karen neanderne keela. mhanoon, udaharanarth, asey mhanane shakya nahee qee nivadichya prakriyetoon naan jaata, jeey kahee fakt astitvat yete, pratyakshat tyachi karye asatat. ekhadya parishishtache karya aahe qee nahee heey aapan tyaa nivadichya prakriyeche vishleshan karoon tharvato jyamule teey jhaale. mhanoon, neandercha assa yuktivad aahe qee, karyanchi konatihi charcha naisargik nivadipeksha pashchavarti asali pahije, karya heey prajatichya itihasachya sandarbhadvare paribhashit kele gele pahije aanee teleology talhata yet nahee. utkrantivadi jivashastradnya ernst meyer yannihi ashach prakare mhatale aahe qee "anukulansheelata... pradhanya' goal shodhanyaivaji 'pashchagami' parinam aahe."
angela brettenback, kantian drushtikonatun, 'kaant varshik pustak' madhye assa yuktivad karatat qee jivashastratil teleology hii 'nisargachya aanee nisargatil karanatmak spashtikarananchya shodhat eka shodhak mhanoon mahattvachi aahe... sajivambaddalcha apariharya samaan drushtikon."kantachya tichya drushtikonatun, teleology asey kahitari soochit karate jeey vidnyanadvare spasht kele jaau shakat nahee, parantu keval sadrushyadvare samajale jaate.
collin petendrighne varvar pahata dhyey-nirdeshit jaivik ghatanansathi 'telenomy' hii samaan sandnya tayar kelee. tathapi, jivashastratil 'anukulan' hii kalpana, tathapi, paribhashit kelee gelee aahe, tee aavashyakpane 'rachana, uddesh kinwa antim-nirdeshitatechi aabha, jee aristotalchya kalapasoon, jiwant vastuche vaishishtya darshavate asey disate,' asey soochit karate, kaaran aristotalshi asalela haah sambandh, tathapi, samasyapradhan aahe, kaaran yacha arth assa aahe qee anukulan abhyas apariharyapane teleological spashtikarananshi jodalela asel. hii rachana kaaran tattva mhanoon samajali jaau shakate heey nakarat, petendryne jaivik pranalinmadhye rachana aanee uddesh yancha pailu jatan karnyacha prayatna keela. teey mhanatat, jarr aapan yaa pranalinche varnan 'telenomic' sarkhya itar konatyahi sandnyedvare kele tarr gondhal door hoil, jenekarun antim-nirdeshitatechi manyata aanee varnan eka karyaksham kaaran tattva mhanoon aristotelian telologyshy vachanbaddha nahee yavar jore deela jaeel."ernst meyarne pittendrighchya aristotalchya chaar karanambaddalchya gondhalavar teeka kelee, assa yuktivad keela qee utkrantimadhye keval bhautik aanee aupcharik goshtincha samavesh aahe parantu karyaksham kaaran nahee. mearne hii sandnya keval coded mahitichya programchya aadhare karyarat asalelya pranalinsathi vaparnyacha prastav thewala."
william see. jivashastra aanee itar kshetranchya bhashechi teleologics hii tyanchya parshvabhoomichya siddhantanchya tarkik sanrachanetun udbhavate, aanee keval 'karya' aanee 'karya karnyasathi' yasarkhya teleologics sthananchya vaparatoon nahee, asey wimsat yanni pushti kelee. tyanni mhatale qee "nivadibaddal charcha karoon karyabaddalachya charchechi jaaga ghene [...] teleology kadhoon taknyasathi nahee tarr tyache punarlekhan karnyasathi aahe ". tathapi, wimsat assa yuktivad karatat qee yaa vicharancha arth magasale kaaran, chaitanyavad, utkat kinwa qamee karnyachya virodhi bhavnanna aakarshit karane assa nahee.
jivashastradnya jeey. buub. ess. haldenne nirikshan nondavale qee "teleology hii jivashastradnyasathi malkinasarkhi aaheh too tichyashivay jagoo shakat nahee parantu too tichyasobat sarvajanik thikani disanyas tayar nahee."