
sarvoch ground praveg

bhoo-praveg (pii. jee. aii.) haah ekhadya thikani bhookampat jhalelya kamal bhoo-pravegachya barobaricha asato. pii. jee. aii. heey ekhadya vishisht bhookampadarmyan ekhadya thikani pravegkavar nondavalelya sarvat mothya paripoorn pravegachya amplitudechya barobariche asate. bhookamp samanyatah tinhi dishanna hoto. tyamule, pii. jee. aii. anekada aadvya aanee ubhya ghatakanmadhye vibhagala jaato. aadvya pgas samanyatah ubhya dishene asalelya peksha mothya asatat parantu heey nehmich kharey nasate, visheshtah mothya bhookampanchya jawal. bhookamp abhiyantrikisathi pii. jee. aii. haah eka mahattvacha mapdand aahe (jyala tivrateche mojmap asehi mhanatat), rachana aadharit bhookamp ground motion (dii. bii. eae. jee. emm.) bahudha pii. jee. aii. chya drushtine paribhashit kele jaate.
richter aanee moment magnitude scalechya ulat, heey bhookampachya ekoon urjeche (pariman kinwa aakar) mojmap nahee, tarr dilelya bhaugolik binduvar pruthvi kitee thartharat aahe yache mojmap aahe. mercally tivrata praman bhookamp tivrata mojanyasathi vaiyaktik ahwal aanee nirikshane vaparte parantu pii. jee. aii. heey pravegalekhasarkhya upkarnandware mojale jaate. heey mercally scaleveryl macrosismic tivrateshi parasparsambandhit asoo shakate parantu heey parasparsambandh mothya anishchitateshi sambandhit aahet. (hehee pahah bhookampacha scale).
abhiyantriki anuprayoganmadhye shikhar aadva praveg (phaa) haah sarvat samanyatah vaparla jaanara ground praveg prakar aahe. yacha vapar anekada bhookamp abhiyantrikimadhye (bhookampachya imarati codes) keela jaato aanee too samanyatah bhookampachya dhokyachya nakashanvar rachala jaato. bhookampat, imarati aanee payabhoot suvidhanche nuksan heey jaminichya gatishi adhik jawalun sambandhit asate, jyapaiki pii. jee. aii. heey eka mojmap asate, bhookampachya tivratepeksha. madhyam bhookampansathi, pii. jee. aii. haah nukasanicha vajavipane changla nirdharak aahe; tivra bhookampanmadhye, nuksan adhik vela jaminichya sarvoch vegashi sambandhit asate.
bhubhautiki.
bhookamp urja hypocenterchya laharinmadhye vikhurali jaate, jyamule jaminichi halchal sarvadishanni hote parantu samanyatah aadvya (done dishanni) aanee ubhya paddhatine kelee jaate. pii. jee. aii. yaa halchalincha praveg (veg badalanyacha darr) nondavato, tarr jaminivaril sarvoch veg haah jaminiparyant pohochanara sarvat motha veg (gaticha darr) asato aanee shikhar visthapan mhanje halavalele antar. hii moolye vegvegalya bhookampanmadhye aanee eka bhookamp ghatanetil vegvegalya thikani, anek ghatkanvar avalambun badaltat. yamadhye sadoshatechi lambi, tivrata, bhookampachi kholee, upkeshtapasoonche antar, kalavadhi (thartharane chakr lambi) aanee jaminiche bhoogarbhshastra (prushthbhagakhalil) yancha samavesh aahe. uthal-kendrit bhookamp heey madhyavarti aanee khol bhookampanpeksha adhik tivra thartharane (praveg) nirman karatat, kaaran urja prushthbhagachya jawal sodali jaate.
jaminivaril sarvoch praveg haah 'jee' chya apurnankanmadhye (pruthvichya gurutvakarshanamule honara manak praveg, jee-shaktichya samatulya) ektar dashansh kinwa takkewari mhanoon vyakt keela jaau shakato; emm/ess 2 madhye (1 'jee' = 9.81 emm/ess 2); kinwa galchya gunankanmadhye, jethe 1 gall 0.01 emm/ess (1 'jee' = 981 gall) chya samaan aahe.
jaminicha prakar jaminichya pravegavar lakshaniy prabhav takoo shakato, tyamule pii. jee. aii. moolye kahee kilometres antaravar, visheshtah madhyam teey mothya bhookampanmadhye atyant parivartansheelata darshavu shakatat. bhookampamule honare vegvegale pii. jee. aii. parinam shake nakashavar pradarshit kele jaau shakatat.
pii. jee. aii. varr parinam karananya guntaguntichya paristhitimule, samaan tivrateche bhookamp bhinn parinam deu shakatat, anek madhyam tivrateche bhookamp mothya tivratechya bhookampanpeksha lakshaniyaritya mothe pii. jee. aii. moolye nirman karatat.
bhookampadarmyan, jaminicha praveg teen dishanni mojala jaatoh anulamb (v kinwa ud, varr-khalee) aanee done anulamb aadvya disha (h1 aanee h2), bahutekda uttar-dakshin (NS) aanee purv-paschim (ew). yaa pratyek dishene sarvoch praveg nondavala jaato, jyat sarvoch vaiyaktik moolya anekada nondavale jaate. vaikalpikaritya, dilelya sthanakache ektrit moolya nondavale jaau shakate. uchch vaiyaktik nond nivadoon, done mulyanchi sarasari gheuun kinwa done ghatakanchi sadish berries mojoon, jaminivaril sarvoch aadvya pravegaparyant (phaa kinwa phaa) pohochata yete. ubhya ghatakacha vichar karoonahi teen ghatakanche moolya gathale jaau shakate.
bhookampachya abhiyantrikimadhye, prabhavi shikhar praveg (eae. pii. aii., kamal jaminivaril praveg jyala imarat pratisad dete) anekada vaparla jaato, joou pii. jee. aii. chya 2⁄3-3⁄4 paryant asato.
bhookampacha dhoka aanee abhiyantriki.
aitihasik bhookampanchya mulyankanasaha bhaugolik kshetracha abhyas bhuvaidnyanikanna bhookampacha dhoka nirdharit karnyas aanee bhookampachya dhokyache nakashe tayar karnyas anumati deto, jeey bhookampadarmyan ekhadya pradeshat anubhavale jaanyachi sambhavya pii. jee. aii. moolye darshavtat, jyat jaast asanyachi sambhavyata (pii. eae.) asate. bhookampiy abhiyante aanee sarkari niyojan vibhag yaa mulyancha vapar pratyek kshetratil imaratinsathi yogya bhookamp bhaar nirdharit karnyasathi karatat, jyat pramukh olakhalya gelelya sanrachananna (jase qee rugnalaye, pool, veej prakalp) jastit jaast manalya jaananya bhookampapasun (emm. see. eae.) vachanyasathi aavashyak asate.
imaratinche nuksan heey jaminicha sarvoch veg (pii. jee. vhee.) aanee bhookampachya kalavadhi yaa donhinshi sambandhit aahe-jitka jaast kaal uchch-stariy compan tikoon rahate, titkya jaast nuksan honyachi shakyata asate.
vadya aanee anubhavachya tivratechi tulana.
bhoo-praveg haah 'vadya tivrateche' mojmap pradan karato, mhanje bhookampachya upkarananni nondavalelya bhoo-compan. pratyakshadarshinchya ahavalanvar, jaanavalelya thararanvar aanee nirikshan kelelya nukasanivar aadharit itar tivrateche mojmap 'jaanavaleli tivrata' mojatat. yaa pramananmadhye parasparsambandh aahe, parantu nehmich paripoorn sahmati nasate kaaran bhookamp abhiyantrikichya gunvattesah itar anek ghatakanmule anubhav aanee nuksan prabhavit houu shakate.
sarvasadharanpane sangayache tarr,
mercally scaleshey sambandh.
united stateschya bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanane eka vadya tivrata praman vikasit kele, jeey anubhavalelya mercally pramanapramanech tivratechya pramanavar jaminicha sarvoch praveg aanee jaminicha sarvoch veg yancha nakasha banavate. jagbharatil bhukampashastradnyankadun shake nakashe tayar karnyasathi yaa mulyancha vapar keela jaato.
itar tivrateche praman.
7-shrenichya japan hawaman sansthemadhye bhookampachya tivratechya pramanat, sarvadhik tivrata, shindo 7,4 mea/seey (0.01 "jee") peksha jaast praveg vyapate.
jagbharatil pii. jee. aii. dhokyachi jokhim.
bharatat, 0.35 "jee" peksha jaast apekshit pii. jee. aii. moolye asalelya kshetranna "kshetra 5" kinwa "khoop jaast haanee jokhim kshetra" mhanoon vargikrut kele jaate.