dharmacha itihas

dharmacha itihas haah manvi dharmik bhavna, vichar aanee kalpananchya lekhee nondicha sandarbh deto. dharmik itihasacha haah kaal sumare 5,200 varshanpurvi (ii. sha. puu. 3200) lekhanachya shodhapasun suru hoto. dharmachya pragaitihasik itihasat lekhee nondi yenyapurvi astitvat asalelya dharmik shraddhancha abhyas samavisht aahe. dharmachya kalmaryadedware tulanatmak dharmik kalkramanusar dekhil abhyas karata yeto. vel kinwa thikan vicharat naan gheta dharmik granthanche pramanikaran karnyat aanee prathna aanee daivi niyam lakshat thevane sope karnyat lekhanane pramukh bhoomika bajavali. baybalachya eka chhotyasha bhagat shatkanushatke hastantarit kelelya maukhik granthancha samavesh aahe.
dharm' hii sankalpana teey aanee aanee shatkat tayar jhaali. baibal, kuran aanee itar pavitra granthanmadhye mool bhashanmadhye konatahi shabd kinwa dharmachi sankalpana navhati aanee jyaa lokanmadhye kinwa sanskratinmadhye heey pavitra grunth lihile gele hote, tyaa lokanmadhyehi navhati.
navhati shatkat vaparlya vaparlya 'dharm' yaa shabdacha, bigger-europeey bhashanmadhye, vasahatvadpurv anuvad spashtapane jhalela nahee. manavvanshashastradnya daniele dubuison lihitat qee, "pashchimatya aanee tyachya parshvabhumivar dharmanchya itihasane 'dharm' yaa navane jeey vastunishtha kele aahe teey aahe... kahitari agadi adviteey, jeey keval swatahsathi aanee tyachya swatachya itihasasathi yogya asoo shakate. itar sanskratinchya 'dharmik' shrenishi sanvadacha itihas mhanje, khristi dharmachya prabhavakhali europemadhye pahilyanda vikasit jhalelya kalpaneshi tyancha sanvad.
abhyasacha itihas.
shatkapasoon shatkachya uttaradhat german vichardharela 'daad school auph religious histree' asey sambodhale jaanare dharmik itihasache madhyam, samajik-sanskrutik ghatana mhanoon dharmacha paddhatshir abhyas suru kele. tyat dharm haah manvi sanskratinusar, bahudevadapasun ekeshvarvadaparyant vikasit hott asalyache chitrit kele gele.
baibal aanee charchchya itihasacha vidvattapoorn abhyas germany aanee itaratra bharbharatila aala tevha (uchch teeka pahaa, jyala "aitihasik-gambhir paddhat" dekhil mhanatat). dharmacha abhyas mahattvacha aaheh dharm aanee tatsam sankalpananni anekada sanskratinchya kayadyala aanee naitik niyamanna, samajik sanrachanela, qalaa aanee sangeetala aakar deela aahe.
mool.
dharmik kalpananchya udayas soochit karnare asey kahinni arth lavalele sarvat june puratatviy purave anek laakh varshe, madhya aanee khalchya purapashan kalatil aaheth kahee puratatvashastradnya assa nishkarsh kadhatat qee suruvatichya homo sapiens aanee neanderthal aanee agadi homo naledi yanche 300,000 varshanpurvi janivpurvak daphan karane haah purava aahe qee dharmik kalpana aadhich astitvat hotya, parantu assa sambandh purnapane anumanatmak aahe. dharmik kalpananche soochak mhanoon kahijan anuman lavtat asha itar puravyanmadhye aafriketil madhya pashanyugatil sthalanmadhil pratikatmak kalakrutincha samavesh aahe. tathapi, pracheen pashanyugin kalatil pracheen kalakrutincha tyancha dharmik kalpananshi kassa sambandh aahe yachya sandarbhat kelela arth lavane vadgrast aahe. alikadchya kalatil puratatviy purave qamee vadgrast aahet. shastradnya samanyatah varchya purapashan kalatil (ii. sha. puu. 1000) anek kalakrutincha arth dharmik kalpananche pratinidhitva karatat assa karatat. kahijan dharmik shraddhanshi sambandhit asalelya varchya purapashan avasheshanchya udaharananmadhye simhamanav, shukra putale aanee sangirmadhil vistrut vidhee daphan yancha samavesh aahe.
shatkapasoon shatkat, sanshodhakanni dharmachya utpattibabat vividh siddhant prastavit kele, khrishchan dharmasarkhya uriligenchya purvichya davyanna aavhan dile. edward bernet tylor (1832-1917) aanee herbert spensor (1820-1903) yansarkhya suruvatichya siddhantkartyanni jivatmavadachya sankalpanevar bharr deela, tarr puratatvashastradnya johnn lubock (1834-1913) yanni 'feticism' hii sandnya vaparali. darmyan, dharmik vidwan max mueller (1823-1900) yanni assa siddhant mandala qee dharmachi suruvat sukhvadatun jhaali aanee lokkathakar wilheim manhardt (1831-1880) yanni suchavale qee dharmachi suruvat 'nisargvad' madhoon jhaali-jyadvare tyancha arth naisargik ghatanansathi pauranik spashtikaran assa hota. tevhapasoon yaa serve siddhantanvar mothya pramanavar teeka kelee jaat aahe; dharmachya utpattibabat vyapak ekmat nahee.
kumbharkamapurviche neolithic aii (pii. pii. aine. aii.) gobekli tepe, jeey aataparyant kuthehi sapadalele sarvat june sambhavya dharmik sthal aahe, tyat ubharalelya vishal tii-aakarachya dagadi khambanchi vartule, amoort, goodh chitralekhanni aanee koralelya-pranyanchya koreev kamanni sushobhit jagatil sarvat june dnyat megalith yancha samavesh aahe. mool jangali gavhachya mool thikanajavalil heey thikan tathakathit navpashan krantipurvi bandhale gele hote.eae.ii. sha. puu. 9000 chya sumaras shetee aanee pashusanvardhanachi suruvat jhaali. parantu gobekli tepechya bandhkamamule, aataparyant purapashan, pii. pii. aine. aii. kinwa pii. pii. aine. bii. sansthanshi sambandhit nasalelya pragat vyavasthechi sanghatana soochit hote. pahilya krishi sanstha suru jhalya tyaa kalat sodoon denyat aalelya yaa jaageche utkhanan aanee vishleshan ajunahi kele jaat aahe aanee tyamule junya, charan samudayanchya dharmansathi tasech dharmanchya samanya itihasasathi tyache mahatva asalyas tyavar prakash takoo shakato.
pracheen egyptmadhil, jagatil sarvat june dnyat dharmik grunth, ii. sha. puu. 2400 teey 2300 darmyanche pyramid grunth aahet.
vaidik kalat rachale gelele vede heey bharatiy dharmachya sarvat pracheen nondi aahet.
dharmik granthanchya suruvatichya pratee shillak rahilelya aahet jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
aksheey vay.
kahee itihaskaranni ii. sha. puu. 900 teey 200 yaa kalavadhila 'aksheey yug' asey sambodhale aahe, hii sandnya german-swis tatvadnyani carl jaspers (1883-1969) yanni tayar kelee aahe. jasperschya matey, itihasachya yaa yugat "manavatecha aadhyatmik paya ekach velee aanee swatantrapane ghatala gela... aanee heey teey paay aahet jyavar manavjat aajahi tikoon aahe."bauddhik itihaskar pieter watson yanni yaa kalavadhicha saransh, pertia aanee canonmadhil ekeshwarvad, greesmadheel platonism, bharatatil bauddha aanee jainavad aanee chinmadhil confucianism aanee taovad yasah manavatechya anek sarvat prabhavshali tatvik paramparancha paya mhanoon deela aahe. yaa kalpana kalantarane sansthatmak banalya-udaharanarth, bauddha dharmachya prasarat ashokachi bhoomika kinwa khristi dharmat tyachya payabharanichya velee neoplatonic tattvadnyanachi bhoomika.
bharatatil jaine dharmachi aitihasik mule ii. sha. puu. puu shatkat parshvanath aanee tyachya ahinsak tattvadnyanachya udayapasoon suru jhaali aahet.
madhyayug.
sadhyachya kalatil jaagtik dharmanni madhyayugat sampoorn eurasiamadhye swatahla sthapit keleh
madhyayugat, persiaver muslimanchya vijayadarmyan musalmanancha parasi lokanshi sangharsh jhaala (633-654); arab-byzantine yuddhe yuddhe teey teey shatake), dharmayuddha (1095 nantar), punarrachana (718-1492), europemadhil ottoman yuddhe yuddhe shatkapasoon) aanee chaukashi darmyan khrishchan muslimanviruddha ladhale; mangol aakraman aanee vijayadarmyan (1206-1337) shamanvad bauddha, taovadi, muslim aanee khrishchananshi sangharshat hota; aanee bharatiy upkhandatil upkhandatil teey teey shatkat) muslim vijayadarmyan musalmanancha hindu aanee sheekh yanchyashi sangharsh jhaala.
anek madhyayugeen dharmik chalvalinni pashchimatya bhagatil kathar aanee sambandhit chalvali, spainmadhil jyoo (johar pahaa), bharatatil bhakti chalval aanee islammadhil sufivad yasarkhya goodhvadavar bharr dene suru thewale. ekeshwarvad aanee sambandhit goodhvad heey khrishchan khrishchan dharamshastrat aanee islami tauhidmadhye nishchit rupat pohochale. tyachpramane aadi shankarachya (788-820) shikavanisah brahmanachya hindu ekeshvarvadi kalpana tyanchya shastriy rupaparyant pohochalya.
aadhunik yug.
yug shatkapasoon shatkapasoon shatkaparyant, european vasahatikaranamule up-sahara africa aanee america, austreliya aanee philipinesmadhye khrishchan dharmacha prasar jhaala. 15 vya shatkatil mudranalayanchya shodhamule martin luther (1483-1546) aanee johnn calvin (1509-1564) yansarkhya netyanchya netrutvakhali protestant sudharananchya jalad prasarat mothee bhoomika bajavali. dharmik yuddhe suru jhaali, jyachi parinati 1618 teey 1648 darmyan madhya europecha vidhvans vidhvans tees varshanchya yuddhat jhaali. 18 vya shatkat europemadhye dharmnirpekshatechi suruvat jhaali, 1789 madhye french kranti suru jhalyanantar yaa pravruttila gatee midali. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat europechya bahutek bhagat dharm qamee jhaala hota.

