robbert menzies

surr robbert gorden menzies (20 december 1894-15 meey 1978) heey eka austreliyan rajkarani hote, jeey austreliyache austreliyache aanee sarvat jaast kaal seva denare pantpradhan hote, jyanni 1939 teey 1941 aanee punha 1949 teey 1966 paryant padd dharan kele. tyanni austreliyachya udarmatvadi pakshachya nirmitimadhye, tyachi dhorane aanee tyachi vyapak vyapti paribhashit karnyat madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali.
menzies yanni melburn vidyapithat kayadyacha abhyas keela aanee teey melburnchya aaghadichya vakilanpaiki eka banale. 1932 teey 1934 paryant teey victoriache upapantpradhan hote aanee nantar tyanchi federal sansadet badali jhaali, tyanantar teey austreliyache mahadhivakta aanee joseph lions yanchya sarkarmadhye udyog mantri jhaale. april 1939 madhye, leoneschya mrutyunantar, menzies yanchi united austreliya party (yuu. aii. pii.) chey nete mhanoon nivad jhaali aanee tyanni pantpradhan mhanoon shapath ghetali. tyane september 1939 madhye tyanchya mahayuddhat austreliyachya praveshas adhikrut kele aanee charchilchya yuddh mantrimandalachya baithakanmadhye sahbhagi honyasathi englandmadhye chaar mahine ghalavale. august 1941 madhye austreliyala paratalyavar, menzies yanna aadhalale qee tyanni tyanchya pakshacha pathimba gamavala aahe aanee parinami tyanni pantpradhanpadacha rajinama deela. tyanantar tyanni naveen udarmatvadi paksh tayar karnyas madat kelee aanee august 1945 madhye tyanchi udghatan nete mhanoon nivad jhaali.
1949 chya sanghiy nivadanukit, menzies yanni udarmatvadi-desh aaghadila vijay midvoon deela aanee pantpradhan mhanoon paratale. aashvasan seva redio bhashanandvare protsahan denyat aalelya ghar aanee kutumbala tyanni kelele aavahan, arthvyavastha jasjashi vadhat gelee aanee madhyamvargiy mulyanche varchasva vadhat gele tasatase rashtriy zitjistshi julale; shityuddhachya bhitimule austreliyan kamgar pakshacha pathimba dekhil qamee jhaala hota. 1955 nantar, tyanchya sarkarla kamgar pakshapasoon vibhakt jhalelya democratic lebber partychahi pathimba midala. menzies yanni tyanchya tyanchya karyakalat salag saat nivadanuka jinkalya, akheris janewari 1966 madhye pantpradhan mhanoon nivrutt jhaale. tyanchya pahilya prashasanache apayash asoonahi, tyanche sarkar austreliyachi rajdhani canberacha vikas, yuddhanantarchya vistarlelya sthalantar yojnesathi, uchch shikshanavar bharr denyasathi aanee rashtriy suraksha dhoranansathi smaranat aahe, jyat austreliyane corian yuddh, malay aanibani, indoneshiya-maleshiya sangharsh aanee vietnam yuddhat sainyache yogdan dile.
prarambhik jeevan.
janm aanee kautumbik parshvabhoomi.
robbert gorden menzies yancha janm 20 december 1894 roji jeparit, victoria yetheel tyanchya palakanchya gharee jhaala. kett (nee "sampson) aanee james menzies yanchya paach mulanpaiki too chautha hota; tyala done mothe bhau, eka mothee baheen aanee eka dhakata bhau hota. menzies heey austreliyamadhye janmalele done palak asalele pahile austreliyan pantpradhan hoteh tyanche vadil ballarat yethe aanee aaee creswick yethe janmale hote. donhi bajunche tyache aajee-aajoba victorian goaled rashmule austreliyala aakarshit jhaale hote. tyachya aajee-aajobancha janm penzance, cornwall yethe jhaala hota. tyache aajoba, jyanna robbert menzies asehi mhanatat, tyancha janm rainfrushire, scotland yethe jhaala aanee teey 1854 madhye melburn yethe aale. pudhchya varshi tyanni elizabeth bandshee lagn kele, jee fife yetheel eka motyanchi mulgi hotee. menzies yanna tyanchya scottish varshacha abhiman hota aanee tyanni tyanche aadnav () asey uchcharanyaivaji paramparik scottish paddhatine uchcharane pasant kele. yamule tyache topananav 'ming' jhaale, jeey nantar comic strip patranantar 'ming daad nirdayi' paryant vistarle gele. charles george gorden yanchya sanmanarth tyanche madhya naav denyat aale.
menzi kutumb robertchya janmachya eka varshapurvi jeparit yaa chhotya vimmera gavat sthalantarit jhaale hote. 1891 chya jangananenusar, yaa vasahatichi loksankhya keval 55 hotee. tyache vadil phoenix foundrymadhye locomotive chitrakar hote, tyaa ballaratmadhe tyachya mothya bhavandancha janm jhaala hota. eka naveen suruvat karnyachya shodhat, tyane samanya dukan tabyat ghenyasathi kutumbala jeparit yethe halavale, jeey "samruddha honyaeivaji tikoon rahile". menzijchya balpanat, tyanche teen jawalche natevaik sansadet nivadoon aale hote. tyanche kaka hyu 1902 madhye victorian vidhansabhevar nivadoon aale, tyanantar 1911 madhye tyanche vadil nivadoon aale, tarr aanakhi eka kaka, sidney sampson, 1906 madhye federal austreliyan haus auph representativesver nivadoon aale. teenpaiki pratyekane grameen matdarsanghanche pratinidhitva kele aanee kahee kalavadhinantar tyancha parabhav jhaala. menzijche aajoba johnn sampson heey kamgar sanghatanechya chalvalit sakriy hote. teey creswick khaan kamgar sanghataneche udghatan adhyaksh hote, jyachi tyanni bhavishyatil austreliyan kamgar paksh emm. pii. william spensobat saha-sthapana kelee aanee nantar teey ektrit khaan kamgar sanghatanet pramukh hote.
balpan.
mothe hott asatana, menzi aanee tyachya bhavandanna "eka chhotya khedyatil samanya anand aanee chhayachitran hote". tyanni tyanche aupcharik shikshan 1899 madhye jeparit rajya shalet, eka-shikshak eka kholichya shalet suru kele. jevha too sumare akra varshancha hota, tevha tyala aanee tyachya bahineela tyachya aajibarobar rahnyasathi ballatla pathvanyat aale; tyache done mothe bhau aadhich tithe rahat hote. 1906 madhye, menzies bekari hilmadhil humphrey street steet skoolmadhye shiku lagale. pudhchya varshi, vayachya 13 vya varshi, tyanni rajyavyapi shishyavrutti parikshanmadhye pratham kramank patkavla. yaa kamgirimule tyachya sampoorn madhyamik shikshanala arthsahayya midale, jeey khajgi shalanmadhye karave lagale, kaaran victoriyamadhye adyap sarvajanik madhyamik shalanchi vyavastha navhati. 1908 aanee 1909 madhye, menzies yanni ballarat centralmadhil eka lahanshi khajgi shaala, grenville mahavidhyalayat shikshan ghetale. 1910 madhye teey aanee tyanche kutumb melburnla gele, jithe tyanni wesley mahavidhyalayat pravesh ghetala. menzies yanna "khelat farsa rus navhata aanee teey nishchitach khelat aksham hote", parantu tyanni shaikshanikdrushtya utkrusht kamgiri kelee. wesley yetheel tyachya tyachya aanee shevatchya varshat tyane vidyapith abhyasasathi £40 chey pradarshan jinkale, jeey rajya sarkarne pradan kelelya 25 paiki eka hote.
vidyapith.
1913 madhye, menzies yanni melburn low skoolmadhye pravesh ghetala. vidyarthi mhanoon tyanni vividh bakshise, pradarshan aanee shishyavrutti jinkalya, kayadyachya padvi (ell. ell.) mhanoon padvi prapt kelee.buub.) 1916 madhye aanee kayadyache master (ell. ell.).emm.) 1918 madhye. matra, too tyachya pahilya varshat lattinmadhye ayashasvi jhaala. yuddhadarmyan kayadyache rajya' haah tyancha eka puraskar vijeta nibandh, low schoolche adhishthata harrison muur yanchya parichayasah mahitipatrak mhanoon prakashit karnyat aala. 1916 madhye, menzies heey vidyarthi pratinidhi parishadeche adhyaksh aanee "melburn vidyapith masika" chey sampadak mhanoon nivadoon aale. tyanni yaa niyatkalikasathi gadya aanee kavita donhi lihilya aanee varshakheris 'little biilii hugs' baddalchya ganyachehi yogdan dile. menzies heey vidyarthi khrishchan sanghache adhyaksh, aitihasik samajache sansthapak sadasya aanee kayadyachya vidyarthyanchya samajache pramukh sadasya dekhil hote. padvipurv samudayacha asamanyapane ujjwal aanee spashtavakta sadasya" mhanoon tyanchi pratishtha hotee aanee teey eka kushal vadavivadak mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. tathapi, tyane vaibhavachi aanee ahankarachi vaishishtye dekhil vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee hotee jyamule tyachya karkirdit nantar adachani nirman hotil. tyanche sahkari kayadyache vidyarthi aanee bhavee sansadiy sahkari persey joske yanni namood kele qee eka vidyarthi mhanoon menzies yanni "murkhanna anandane tras deela nahee [...] adchan ashee hotee qee tyache virodhak varanvar moorkh nasatat aanee teey asha goshti bolanyacha cull dakhavtat jyaa keval katoo aanee nirdayi nasatat tarr jyaa anyaykarak asatat.
pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat, menzies yanni 1915 teey 1919 paryant melburn vidyapithachya rayfalsmadhye (eka anshakalik milicia unit) tyanchi anivarya milicia seva kelee. heey unit karyaksham navhate aanee menzies yanni tyanchya diarymadhye namood kele qee raifal shootingsarkhya moolbhut kaushalyanche prashikshan dekhil nikrusht darjache hote. 6 janewari 1915 roji tyanna sekand leftnunt mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. tyanchya anek samkalinanchya vipareet, tyanni paradeshi sevesathi svayamsevak mhanoon kaam kele nahee, jeey nantar rajkiy virodhakanni tyanchya virodhat vaparale; 1939 madhye tyanni tyache varnan "chikhalcha eka pravah jyadvare mea sahbhagi jhalelya pratyek mohimemadhye mea chalalo aahe" asey kele. menzies yanni nondani naan karnyachya tyanchya nirnayachi karane kadhihi sarvajanikaritya sangitali naheet, keval teey 'saktiche' hote aanee tyanchya 'jivhalyachya vaiyaktik aanee kautumbik babin' shhee sambandhit hote asey mhatale. tyachya done mothya bhavanni paradeshat seva kelee. kelee eka mulakhatit, tyacha bhau phrank menzisne aathvan karoon dilee qee eka "kautumbik parishade" neey robertney nondani karoo naye asey tharavale hote. kutumbachya teen praudh mulanpaiki done paradeshat seva dene heey yuddh prayatnansathi purese deshbhaktipar yogdan aahe aanee robertney tyachi shaikshanik karkird suru thevalyas kutumbachya hitachi sarvottam seva hoil assa tyancha vishvas hota. tyaa velee sharirikdrushtya aajari aanee bhavnikdrushtya asthir asalele tyanche vadil james yanchi prakruti heey tyanchya eka mothya mulala gharee thevanyache aanakhi eka kaaran hote. heey nondavale gele aahe qee, eka vidyarthi mhanoon, menzies yanni anivarya paradeshi bharatichya parichayas pathimba deela, jyachi amalbajavani jhaali asatee tarr too saktichya bharatisathi pahilya lokanpaiki eka banala asata. leftnunt mhanoon padonnati midalyanantar tyanni 16 februwari 1921 pasoon aaplya aayogacha rajinama deela.
kayadeshir karkird.
1916 madhye melburn vidyapithatun pratham shrenichya sanmanasah padvi ghetalyanantar, menzies yanna 1918 madhye victorian barmadhye aanee austreliyachya uchch nyayalayat pravesh denyat aala. melburnmadhye swatacha vyavasay suru karoon, menzies pramukhyane ghatanatmak kayadyat vishesh hote, jeey tyanni victorianche aaghadiche nyayshastradnya aanee uchch nyayalayache bhavee nyayadhish surr owen dixon yanchyasobat vachale hote. 1920 madhye, menzies abhiyantyanchya ektrit samajache vakeel hote, jyanni akheris austreliyachya uchch nyayalayat apeal kele. rashtrakul shaktinchya rajyanchya adhikaranvar sakaratmak punarvyakhyanachya drushtine heey prakaran eka mahattvache pradhikaran banale. uchch nyayalayachya nikalane eka kushal vakeel mhanoon menzijchi olakh vadhavali aanee akheris 1929 madhye tyanchi rajacha vakeel mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee.
suruvatichi karkird rajkaranat.
rajyache rajkaran.
1928 madhye, austreliyachya rashtravadi pakshache pratinidhitva kendrit purv yara prantatoon victorian vidhan parishadeche sadasya mhanoon menzies yanni rajya sansadet pravesh keela. teey ghatanatmak lokshahi, kayadyache rajya, kararanche pavitrya aanee vidyaman sansthanchya irshyapurn sanrakshanachya bajoone ubhe rahile. kamgar pakshavar sanshay ghet, menzies yanni relvesarkhya kahee sarvajanik suvidha vagalata mukt udyamachya shreshthatevar bharr deela. jevha majee sainikanchya eka gatane nondani naan kelyabaddal prasarmadhyamandhye tyanchyavar hallah keela tevha tyanchi umedvari jawaljawal parabhoot jhaali hotee, parantu teey yaa sankatatoon bachavale. sansadet pravesh kelyanantar kahee aathvadyantach, pantpradhan william mcfursion yanchya netrutvakhalil naveen alpasankhyak rashtravadi rajya sarkarmadhye tyanna khatyashivay mantri karnyat aale. mageel kamgar sarkarne cross-bench country progressivecha pathimba gamavala tevha naveen sarkar sthapan jhaale hote. pudhchya varshi teey nanavadingchya nivadanuk jilhyache sadasya mhanoon victorian vidhansabhet gele. 1929 madhye tyanni tyanchya pakshachi yuva shakha mhanoon tarun rashtravadyanchi sthapana kelee aanee teey tyache pahile adhyaksh hote. mahadhivakta aanee railway mantri padd dharan kelele menzies heey meey 1932 teey julai 1934 paryant victoriache upapantpradhan hote.
sanghiy rajkaran.
august 1934 madhye, menzies yanni aagami sarvatrik nivadanukit united austreliya partisathi (yuu. aii. pii.) kuyongchya federal vibhagasathi nivadanuk ladhavanyasathi rajya sansadecha rajinama deela, joou rashtravadi, kamgar asantusht aanee austreliyan pakshache rajya khasdar mhanoon tyanchya karyakalatil vilinikaranacha parinam hota.
austreliyache mukhya nyayadhish mhanoon niyuktichi tayari karnyasathi, johnn latham yaa aadhichya sadasyane jaaga sodali hotee. kuwong hii surakshitpane puranmatvadi jaaga hotee jee cuver aadharit hotee aanee menzi sahajpane jinkale. tyanna lagechach austreliyache mahadhivakta aanee lions sarkarmadhye udyog mantri mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. 1937 madhye tyanchi prevy samupadeshak mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. aalee uttaradhat aanee aanee suruvatila tatkalin mahadhivakta menzies yanni, check jyoo communist agon kishchya austreliyatun vagalanyachya prayatnasathi sarkarchya atyant vadgrast khatalyavar ayashasvi khatala chalavala. matra, kishkachya austreliyatil praveshavarchi prarambhik bandee menzijani ladaleli navhati, tarr deshache antargat mantri thomas patterson yanni ladali hotee.
menzijne 1935 madhye germanyvar british tadnyanshi charcha kelee hotee, parantu edolph hitler haah "kharaa german deshbhakt" hota qee "veda swash-buckler" heey tharvu shakala nahee. itihaskar david burd mhanatat qee, tyanni donhi matey pahilyakade cull thevun vyakt kelee. 1936 madhye prakashit jhalelya nibandhanmadhye tyanni 'jiwant raaha aanee jagoo dya' yaa manovruttiche aavahan kele. 1933 madhye melburn tauun hallmadhye nazivirodhi aandolanachya aayojkanna patra lihoon tyanni nazi yahudivirodhi vrutticha nishedh keela, "mallah aasha aahe qee aaj ratri jhalelya sabhemadhye europemadhil tyanchya sahkari jyoo lokanchya varvar pahata pahata pashvi aanee madhyayugeen chhalaviruddhachya nishedhashi mea sambandhit asoo shaken". julai 1939 paryant, tatkalin pantpradhanaparyant, menzijne eka bhashanat ghoshit kele qee "itihas hitlerla shatkatil mahan vyaktinpaiki eka mhanoon chinhankit karel".
august 1938 madhye, mahadhivakta asatana, menzies yanni nazi germanychya adhikrut bhetivar anek aathvade ghalavale. british lokanchya lokshahisathi teey thampane vachanbaddha hote, parantu suruvatila tyanna vatale qee german lokanni tyanchya swatachya babinchi kalji ghetali pahije. tyanni londonmadhil chamberlain sarkarchya tushtikaran dhorananna jordar pathimba deela aanee yuddh konatyahi paristhitit talhale jaau shakate aanee kele pahije yavar tyancha pramanik vishvas hota. 1938 madhye germanychya bhetinantar, menzies yanni lihile qee "german lokanni vaiyaktik swatantryacha tyag keela... tyat kahitari vilakshan aahe ". rajyachya sevesathi aanee kalyanasathi swatahla samarpit karnyachya german lokanchya ichchhetil kharokhar aadhyatmik gunavattechi" dekhil menzies yanni prashansa kelee.
menzies yanni tushtikaranasaha british pararashtra dhoranala pathimba deela aanee suruvatila germanyshi yuddh karnyachya shakyatebaddal teey gup hote. tathapi, september 1939 paryant europemadhil udbhavalelya sankatane tyanchi sarvajanik bhoomika badalali qee chamberlain aanee itar netyanni shantata kararat madhyasthi karnyasathi kelele rajnaitik prayatna ayashasvi jhaale hote aanee teey yuddh aata apariharya hote. 3 september 1939 roji prasarit jhalelya tyachya yuddhachya ghoshanet, menzies yanni gelya baaraa mahinyatil ghatananche natyamay valan spasht kele jyamule haah badal aavashyak jhalah tyaa gelya 12 mahinyant, kaay ghadale aahe? mea uddhrut kelelya donhi vidhananmadhye nihit asalelya gambhir gambhir nirdayi ullanghan karoon, hitlerne sampoorn chekoslovak rajya tabyat ghetale aahe. eka dolha dekhil naan zagmagat, tyane rashiyashi karar keela aahe, jyaa deshacha too kulpati jhalyapasun tyacha mukhya vyapar mhanoon nishedh aanee ninda kareet aala aahe. aanee aata, jyaa paristhitiche mea tumhala varnan karen, tyaa paristhitit, sashastr sainyane aanee susanskrut matala virodh karat, polandachya swatantra rashtravar aakraman kele aahe. yaa bhayanak itihasavaril tumchya swatachya tippanyanna mazyakadoon konatyahi majbutichi aavashyakta nahee. mallah aevadhech sangayache aahe qee, german furerchya utkat mahattvakanksha kahihi asot, too nihsanshaypane shikel, jase swatantryachya itar mahan shatrunni yapurvi shikale aahe, qee konatehi samrajya, konatehi rajya, tutaleli aashvasne kinwa apmanaspad kararanchya aadhare changlya prakare sthapit kele jaau shakat nahee. manzie pudhe mhanale qee jarr hitlerchya vistarvadi dhoranala aniyantrit jaau dile gele tarr europemadhye konatihi suraksha asoo shakat nahee aanee jagasathi nyayya shantata asoo shakat nahee. matra, 11 september 1939 roji menzies yanni lihilelya patrat tyanni khasgiritya shantata vataghati aanee hitlerche tushtikaran suru thevanyache aavahan kele.
darmyan, deshantargat aaghadivar, surr earl pages aanee menzi yanchyat vaimansya nirman jhaale jeey aktoobar 1938 nantar leonschya aajarpanadarmyan pages hangami pantpradhan jhalyavar vadhale. menzi aanee pages yanni ekmekanvar sarvajanikaritya hallah keela. nantar teey yuu. aii. pii. chey upaneta jhaale. tyachya samarthakanni tyala liancecha naisargik uttaradhikari mhanoon prachar karnyas suruvat kelee; tyachya tikakaranni menzieswar liancela baher dhakalanyacha aarop keela, joou aarop tyane nakarla.
1938 madhye, dalfram vadacha eka bhag mhanoon, austreliyachya panthal kamgar mahasanghashi jhalelya audhyogik sangharshacha parinam mhanoon, 'pig iyern bobb' mhanoon tyachi khilli udavanyat aalee, jyachya sadasyanni austreliyachya pig ironla japanchya samrajyatil shastrastra utpadkala, tyaa deshachya chinviruddhachya yuddhasathi vikanyas nakar deela hota. 1939 madhye, rashtriy vima yojana pudhe dhaklalyabaddal aanee sanrakshanavar apura kharch kelyabaddal tyanni mantrimandalacha rajinama deela.
pahile pantpradhanpad.
danzigche sankat.
7 april 1939 roji lyonschya achanak nidhananantar, uap naveen netyachi nivad karoo shakat nahee toparyant pages kaljivahu pantpradhan banale. 18 april 1939 roji, menzies itar teen umedvaranvarun pakshache nete mhanoon nivadle gele. aath divasannantar tyanni pantpradhan mhanoon shapath ghetali.
matra, jevha pejne tyachya netrutvakhali kaam karnyas nakar deela tevha jawaljawal lagechach eka sankat nirman jhaale. gharat eka vilakshan vaiyaktik hallyat, pejne menzieswar yuddhat sahbhagi naan jhalyabaddal bhyadpanacha aanee lyonsashi vishvasaghat kelyacha aarop keela. tyanantar menzi lokanni alpasankhyak sarkar sthapan kele. kahee mahinyanantar jevha pejala country party leader mhanoon padchyut karnyat aale, tevha menzies yanni country partyla purn takadichya yutimadhye parat aaplya sarkarmadhye nele, jyamadhye pejcha uttaradhikari archie cameron haah sarkarmadhye tyanchya kramankavar hota. 
danzig sankatachya kalat, jyaa menzijna versailcha taha germanychya babatit khoop kathor asalyache asalyache kalapasoon vatat hote, tyanni danzig (aadhunik gdansk) yaa mukt shaharala germanymadhye punha sameel honyas pathimba deela. hitlerchya madhyamatoon, purv pruciala urvarit "reach" shhee jodanyasathi, keval polandachya corridorchya palikade bahya mahamarg magitale hote, tarr menzi lokanni dekhil polandacha corridor germanyla parat denyas pathimba deela hota. danzigvaril germananchya davyanna tyacha pathimba asoonahi, europewer german varchasvachya shakyatela menzijcha virodh hota. 28 march 1939 roji eka bhashanat menzies yanni ghoshit keleh "germanyne madhya aanee aagney europewer pradeshik vijay midvinyasathi kelelya akhand morchacha haah siddhant mea swikarat nahee". akheris, japanchi bheeti menzi lokansathi nirnayak tharali, jyanna asey vatat hote qee danzig sankatat austreliyane brittenla pathimba naan dilyas akheris brittonne austreliya sodoon ektyane japanla samore jaave lagel. europemadhil yuddhachya sambhavyatemule singapurchya dhoranala kamkuvat honyacha dhoka nirman jhaala, jyat japankadun dhoka nirman jhalyas mukhya british yuddh tafa singapurla (aashiyatil pramukh british naudal tall) pathvanyachi magani karnyat aalee hotee. germanybarobarchya yuddhasathi shahee naudalachya bahutansh jahajanna european jalkshetratach rahane aavashyak hote aanee niyojit kelyapramane singapurche dhoran amalat aananyat asamarthata hii canberamadhye japanla austreliyaviruddha dakshinekade hallah karnyasathi eka majboot protsahan asanyachi bheeti hotee. tathapi, denzig sankat hatalanyachya neville chamberlainchya kshamatevar menzijcha drudh vishvas hota. menzijcha assa vishvas hota qee heey sankat eka munich-prakarchya kararadvare sodavale gele pahije aanee jaeel jyaa antargat danzigchya mukt shaharala shantatapurnapane 'richmadhye gharee jaanyachi' parvanagi dilee jaeel, tarr tyach velee germanyla polandviruddha yuddhat jaanyapasun rokhale pahije aanee kele jaeel. jaree menzies yanna vatale qee germanyla mukt shahar parat denyas virodh karnyat polland chukiche hote, taree polland germanychya adheen jhalyane sankat sampel asey tyanna pahayache navhate.
anek vela, menzies yanni ghoshit kele qee danzig vadasathi "done bajoo" samanpane vichar karnyayogya aahet. 1939 chya unhalyat tyanni share bajaratil 'gondhal' fetalala, jevha teey 'lokanchya manat shantatechya bhavna pasarlya' asey bolat hote. august sampoorn unhalyat, menzies yanni aaplya bhashananmadhye jore deuun sangitale qee yuddh apariharya nahee kaaran tyanni austreliyan lokanna tyanchya unhalyachya suttyancha anand ghenyache aavahan kele. mantrimandalat, aarthik karanastav, sadhyachya 1,571 sainikanchya aakarachya palikade lahan austreliyan sainyacha vistar karnyas menzijcha virodh hota. 22 august august molotov-rebentrop kararachya batamiche menzijchya mantrimandalat dilasa aanee chinta yaa donhi goshtinsah swagat karnyat aale. german-soviet gairaagrashan kararamule germanyla polandavar aakraman karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi britton, france aanee soviet unionchya "shantata aaghadi" chee shakyata sampushtat aalee aanee europemadhye yuddh honyachi shakyata jaast hotee heey samajale gele. yaulat, molotov-rebentrop kararane (tatpurte siddha kelyapramane) japanla germanypasoon door kele hote aanee austreliyan mantrimandalat asey vatale hote qee german-soviet kararamule japan british samrajyaviruddha yuddhat utaranyachi shakyata qamee asel, jeey tokiyomadhye sarvat anpekshit aashcharyakarak tharale hote. tokiyomadhye, german-soviet gair-aakramanachya kararachya dhakkyasah germanyshi yutee karnyat apayash aalyane japanche pantpradhan barren hiranuma kichirone samratala aapala rajinama sadar keela, joou swikarla gela. danzig sankatamule europemadhye yuddh jhaale tarr kiman tyaa kshanasathi taree japan tatasth rahanyachi shakyata yamule canberamadhil mantrimandalala brittonchya bajoone ubhe rahnyas protsahan midale.
yuddhat.
3 september 1939 roji britton aanee francene 1 september roji polandavaril aakramanamule germanyviruddha yuddh jaheer kele, jyamule dusare mahayuddha suru jhaale. menzijne lagechach pratyuttar dett brittonchya samarthanarth austreliyala yuddhat asalyache ghoshit kele aanee tyach divashi rashtrala redio prasaran dile, jyachi suruvat 'sahkari austreliyan' mhanoon jhaali. germanyne polandavar kelelya aakramanat satatya dakhavalyamule gret brittonne tichyavar yuddh jaheer kele aahe aanee parinami austreliya dekhil yuddhat aahe, heey tumhala adhikrutpane sangane heey majhe dukkhache kartavya aahe."yaa ghoshanenantar kahee divasanni, menzies yanni sansad parat bolavali aanee yuddhakalat deshache netrutva karanyachi prachand jababdari sarkarla paar padavi lagalyane tyanni samanya pathimbyachi magani kelee. pages aanee curtin yanni paksh nete mhanoon deshachya sanrakshanasathi jeey kahee karane aavashyak aahe tyasathi pathimba denyache vachan dile.
asha prakare, vayachya 44 vya varshi, menzies swatahla 70 laakh loksankhya asalelya eka chhotyasha rashtracha yuddhakalin neta mhanoon olakhala. japankadun japankadun lashkari dhokyabaddal tyala vishesh kalji vatat hotee. austreliyache sainya khoopach lahan hote aanee teey japani samrajyachya dhokyapasun bachavasathi brittenver avalambun hote, jyat 10 kotee lock, atishay shaktishali sainya aanee naudal aanee aakramak pararashtra dhoran hote. tushtikaran dhoranamule japanbarobarche yuddh hoil ashee tyanna aasha hotee aanee tyanni londonver varanvar dabav aanala. menzies yanni deshala ekatra aananyasathi sarvatopari prayatna kele, parantu pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya mohabhanganchya kadoo aathvaninni tyanche kaam katheen kele; tyanchya sevechya vikramachya abhavamule heey aanakhi vadhale. yavyatirikt, mahadhivakta aanee upapantpradhan mhanoon tyanni 1938 madhye germanyla adhikrut bhet dilee hotee, jevha virodhi pakshanchya pathimbyane austreliyan sarkarche adhikrut dhoran neville chamberlainchya tushtikaran dhoranala bhakkam pathimba dett hote. tyanantar done mahinyanpurvi tayar kelelya shastrastra vibhagachya jababdarine dekhil kaam kendrit menzies yanni 1940 chya nivadanukit aaghadiche netrutva kele aanee tyanna aath jagancha fatka basala, jyane tyanna lionskadoon varshane midalele alp bahumat gamavale. parinami trishanku sansad jhaali, jyat aaghadila bahumatapeksha done jaaga qamee hotya. arther coles aanee elex willson yaa done swatantra emm. pii. ess. chya pathimbyane menzies alpasankhyak sarkar sthapan karnyat yashasvi jhaale. johnn curtinchya netrutvakhalil lebarne yuddh yutee sthapan karnyacha menzijcha prastav nakarla aanee austreliyan sainyacha vapar european yuddhasathi karnyas virodh keela aanee austreliyache rakshan karnyasathi teey gharee thevanyas pradhanya dile. kamgaranni sallagar yuddh parishadet sahbhagi honyas sahmati darshavali.
dhoranatmak charcha.
madhya purv aanee singapurmadhil britishanna madat karnyasathi menzijani mothya pramanat sainya pathavale aanee winston charchilala sangitale qee shahee naudlala tyachya sudur purvekadil sainyala balkat karanyachi garaj aahe. 11 august 1940 roji charchilane menzi lokanna eka lamb patra pathavale, jyat japanane yuddhat pravesh kelyas britton eka majboot shahee naudal dall singapurla pathavun singapurche dhoran sakriy karel asey aashvasan dile hote. purvecha gibraltar' mhanoon olakhala gelela singapurcha tall haah eka tall hota, too killa nahee, singapurmadhil killyanchya nikrusht sthitibaddal aanee charchilchya aashvasananmadhil tapashilanchya abhavabaddal, yaa vastusthitibaddal menzies chintet rahile. 
september 1940 chya nivadanukipurvi, 13 august 1940 roji, menzichya mantrimandalache teen sadasya viman apghatat-canberra havai aapattimadhye-general brudenell white, general staffche pramukh; itar done pravasi aanee chaar karmchari yanchyasah thaar jhaale hote. yaa ghatanene menzijche sarkar kamkuvat jhaale. 11 november 1940 chya ratri, shahee naudalachya bhoomadhya naudalachya vahakanni vimanane tarranto yetheel italian talavar anek italian rajdhani jahaje langur lavoon bund kelee. december 1940 madhye, menzies yanni charchilala eka patra pathavale jyat ashee chinta vyakt kelee gelee qee shahee japani naudal ashach prakare havai shakticha vapar singapurcha tall apang karnyasathi karoo shakate. tyach patrat, menzies yanni charchilala kiman teen kinwa chaar rajdhani jahaje singapurmadhye tainat karoon singapurche dhoran sakriy karnyas sangitale. uttarat, charchilane menzijna lihile qee, singapurmadhye aapali rajdhanichi jahaje "rikami basaleli" nastil aanee rajdhanichi jahaje singapurla hastantarit karane mhanje "bhoomadhya paristhiti nasht karane" asey mhanane. mallah khatri aahe qee joparyant japani dhoka sadhyachya tulanet khoop jaast dhokadayak hott nahee toparyant tumhala heey karayache nahee ". march 1941 madhye aanee punha august 1941 madhye, menzies yanni charchilala patranmadhye singapurche dhoran sakriy karnyache aavahan kele kaaran tyanni lihile qee teey ashiya-prashant pradeshatil japani mahattvakankshambaddal khoop chintit hote.
24 janewari 1941 pasoon, menzies chaar mahine brittenmadhye churchill aanee itar samrajya netyanshi yuddh rannitivar charcha karat rahile, tarr tyanchya gharee tyanchi sthitee khalavali. "brittenla jaatana, tyane uttar aafrikechya mohimet seva seva austreliyan sainikanna bhetanyasathi thambanyachi sandhee ghetali. 20 februwari 1941 roji charchilane menzijna uttar aafriket austreliyan sainya greesmadhye pathvanyasathi aapali manjuri denyas sangitale. tyachya pidhitil itar anek austreliyan lokanpramanech, menzies yanna gallipolichya ladhaichya aathvanincha tras hota-jee charchilchya dardnelsvar mitrarashtrancha tafa pathvanyachya yojananmule jhaali hotee-aanee charchilchya bhoomadhyasagariy vijayasathichya aanakhi eka yojnebaddal tyanna atyant sanshay hota. 25 februwari 1941 roji, menzies yanni anichhene 6 vya vibhagala greesmadhye pathvanyas manyata dilee. pradhyapak david day, eka austreliyan itihaskar, asey mutt vyakt karatat qee british pantpradhan mhanoon charchilchi jaaga menzies yanni ghetali asavi aanee yasathi tyanna brittenmadhye kahee pramanat pathimba hota. wiscount ester, laurd beaverbrook aanee wwiche majee pantpradhan david lloyd george yanchyakadun pathimba midala, jeey charchilchya kathit nirankush shailiche kathor tikakar hote aanee tyanna menzine badalanyas anukool hote, jyanna tyaa kalavadhisathi yuddh mantrimandalat rahnyasathi kahee sarvajanik pathimba hota, jyala wwiche majee curnell aanee wwy aanee wwy donhi yuddh mantrimandalache sadasya surr mauris hankey yancha jordar pathimba hota. lekhak gerard hendersonne haah siddhant nakarla aahe, parantu itihasache pradhyapak judith brett aanee johnn beomont heey deche samarthan karatat, tasech menzijchi mulgi, heather henderson, jine lady estorecha dawa keela hota, "jarr too englandmadhye rahila tarr tine tichya serve nilmanidekhil deu kelya".
nayakane swagat karnyasathi menzi gharee aale. matra, sansadet tyancha pathimba qamee nishchit hota. kahee aaghadichya khasdaranni matdaranmadhye tyanchya lokpriyatevar keval shankach ghetali nahee, tarr rashtriy ekata sarkar haah ekmev dirghakalin upay aahe, assa tyancha vishvas hota. austreliyan sainyane pramukh bhoomika bajavalelya greesmadheel mitrapakshanchya mohimechya apayshamule menzijchya pratishthela khoop nuksan jhaale. "daad austreliyan worker" yaa vruttapatrane 11 juuna 1941 roji eka sampadakiyat, 'crayton dussahas' haah apariharya pudhcha bhag asalelya 'gair-tarankit greek mohime' laa 'khoop sahajpane' manya kelyabaddal 'menzies' varr hallah keela...eka lashkari sahas mhanoon, too vedepana hota. rajkiy havbhav mhanoon, too murkhpanacha hota kaaran too apayashacha shaap hota."menzies yanni greek mohimesathi general surr thomas yanna dosh denyacha prayatna keela kaaran tyanni asey mhatale hote qee tyanni keval austreliyan lokanna greesmadhye pathvanyachi parvanagi dilee hotee kaaran blemine tyala virodh keela navhata. menzies yanni asey mhatale qee jarr eka vyavsayik sainik mhanoon tyachya matey doshinni aapali napasanti darshavali asatee tarr tyane austreliyan lokanna kadhihi greesmadhye pathavale nasate. augustmadhye jevha mantrimandalane yuddh mantrimandalat austreliyachya hitsambandhansathi bolanyasathi menzies londonla parat yenyasathi matdan kele tevha yaa baabee samore aalya. tathapi, kamgar aanee yutee samaan asalyane (donhi bajunkade 36 emm. pii. ess. hote), menzijna brittenla jaanyasathi kamgar pakshachya pathimbyachi aavashyakta hotee. brittenmadhye rajkiy karkird suru karnyacha menzijcha kharaa hetu hota yaa afavanmadhye, kamgaranni aagrah dharala qee menzijsathi desh sodane heey sankat itake gambhir hote.
ghasaran.
kamgaranni tyala londonchya pravasala pathimba denyas nakar dilyane aanee tyachya swatachya party roommadhil tyachi sthitee kamkuvat jhalyamule, menzies yanni aapatkalin mantrimandal baithak bolavali. tyanni rajinama denyacha aapala hetu jaheer keela aanee governor-general laurd gaurie yanna curtin yanna pantpradhan mhanoon niyukt karnyacha sallah deela. tyaeivaji mantrimandalane menzi lokanna rashtriy ekata sarkarsathi shramavar aanakhi eka bharr denyache aavahan kele, parantu kamgaranni haah prastav nakarla. tyanche padd aata asamarthaneey asalyane, menzies yanni 27 august 1941 roji pantpradhanpadacha rajinama deela.
yuu. aii. pii.-country pakshachya sanyukt parishadene country partyche nete arther fadden yanchi yutiche nete mhanoon nivad kelee-aanee mhanunach pantpradhan-jaree country party haah yutitil kanishth bhagidar hota. tyachya tyachya yaa vaganukibaddal menzies kadoo hote aanee tyanni jawaljawal rajkaran sodale, parantu faddenchya mantrimandalat sanrakshn samanvay mantri honyasathi tyanna patvoon denyat aale. vishvasadarshak tharavavar parabhoot honyapurvi fadden sarkar keval 40 divas tikale. 9 aktoobar 1941 roji, manzies yanni fadenpeksha virodhi pakshanete vhave asey tyanchya tyanchya patvoon denyat ayashasvi tharalyane uapchya netyacha rajinama deela. tyanchya jaagi majee pantpradhan biilii hugs yanni uap nete mhanoon kaam pahile, jeey tyaveli 79 varshanche hote.
aantarpravas.
menzijche 'visarale gelele lock'.
rajkiy valvantatil tyanchya kalat, menzi lokanni, jyanna teey 'vismrutit gelele lock' mhanat asat, visheshtah jeey upnagariy aanee shrimant navhate kinwa sanghatit kamgaranche sadasya navhate, asha samanya uchchabhru kaam kendrit nagarikanna, anekada rediodware, varanvar kelelya aavahananni, tyanchya samarthanacha eka motha lokpriy paya tayar keela. november 1941 pasoon, tyanni nyu south wells, victoria aanee queenslandmadheel prekshakanparyant pohochanyasathi saptahik redio prasarananchi malika suru kelee. yaa bhashananpaiki nivadak bhashane 22 meey 1942 roji tyanchya 'vismrutit gelelya lokanche' yaa sarvat prasiddha bhashanache shirshak asalelya pustakat sampadit karnyat aalee. yaa mahattvachya bhashanat, menzies yanni tyanchya samarthanashi sampark sadhanyache aavahan keleh
yaa deshache vastavik jeevan ektar mothya alishan hotelsmadhye aanee tathakathit fashionable upnagaranchya chhotya chhotya gappanmadhye kinwa sanghatit janatechya adhikrut kshetrat aadhalel yavar majha vishvas nahee. heey asha lokanchya gharanmadhye aadhalate jeey navheen aanee aprasiddha aahet aanee jeey, tyanchi vaiyaktik dharmik shraddha kinwa siddhant kahihi asso, tyanchya mulanmadhye tyanchya vanshachya amaratvasathi tyanche sarvat mothe yogdan pahatat. ghar haah vivek aanee sanyamacha paya aahe; tee satatyapurnatechi apariharya aut aahe; tyache aarogya sampoorn samajache aarogya tharavate.
vismrutit gelelya lokanchya' sankalanache varnan swatah menzies yanni 'eka sankshipt rajkiy tatvadnyan' asey kele aahe. tyanchya udarmatvadi tattvadnyanachya aarakhadyache pratinidhitva kendrit 'vismrutit gelelya lokanni' roozveltche chaar swatantrya, yuddhavar niyantran, yuddh aanee shantatet mahilanchi bhoomika, bhandavalshahiche bhavishya, lokshahiche swaroop aanee visheshtah madhyam vargachi bhoomika, padviche 'vismrutit gelele lock' aanee lokshahi mhanoon austreliyachya bhavishyasathi tyanche mahatva yasah anek vishayancha samavesh keela. austreliyachya yuddhakalin aanee yuddhottar dhorananna aakar denyasathi jyaa moolyanna menzies mahattvapoorn manatat, tyavar yaa bhashananmadhye varanvar bharr denyat aala. heey moolatah udarmatvadachi tattve hotih vaiyaktik swatantrya, vaiyaktik aanee samudayik jababdari, kayadyache rajya, sansadiy sarkar, aarthik samruddhi aanee khajgi udhyoganvar aadharit pragati aanee prayatnansathi bakshis.
yuu. aii. pii. netrutva gamavalyanantar, menzies backbenchwar gele. tyachya kartvyabodhavyatirikt, yuddhamule konatyahi paristhitit tyachya kayadeshir saravakade parat jaane jawaljawal ashakya jhaale asate. 1943 chya nivadanukit lebarne 74 paiki 49 jaaga aanee done pakshanna pasantichya matanpaiki 58.2 takke matey tasech sinetche bahumat midvat danadanit vijay midavala. virodhi paksh jawaljawal ardhangvayumadhye budaleli yutee keval 19 jaganvar ghasarali. hugs yanni yuu. aii. pii. nete mhanoon rajinama deela aanee tyanchya matpatrikevar itar teen umedvaranna parabhoot karoon menzies heey tyanche uttaradhikari mhanoon nivadle gele. yuu. aii. pii. neey country partiberoberchi sanyukt virodhi vyavastha sampushtat aananyasathi matdan kele, jyamule virodhi nete mhanoon faddenchya jaagi menzina parvanagi midali.
udarmatvadi pakshachi sthapana.
too paratalyanantar lagechach, menzies yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee uap tyachya upayukt aayushyachya shevati aahe. menzies yanni 13 aktoobar 1944 roji canberra yethe aanee december 1944 madhye punha albury (aine. ess. doubleu.) yethe baithkansah kamgarvirodhi pakshanchi parishad bolavali. canberra parishadet, chauda pakshanni, yuu. aii. pii. kendrabindu mhanoon, eka naveen bigger-kamgar paksh-austreliyacha udarmatvadi paksh mhanoon villin honyacha nirnay ghetala. albury parishadet naveen pakshachi sanghatanatmak rachana aanee ghatanatmak chaukat tayar karnyat aalee. 31 august 1945 roji sidney tauun hallmadhye adhikrutpane suru jhalelya austreliyachya menzijchya netrutvakhalil udarmatvadi pakshala uapchi aaghaditil varishtha bhagidar mhanoon bhoomika varshane midali. 1945 madhye curtinche nidhan jhaale aanee baine chiflene tyanche sthan ghetale.
punarnirmit aaghadila 1946 chya nivadanukit tyachya pahilya rashtriy chachanicha samna karava lagla. tyanni 74 paiki 26 jaaga jinkalya aanee donhi pakshanchya matanchya 45.9 takke matey midavali aanee cinetmadhye teey alpamatat rahile. saat jagancha swing jinkunahi, kamgaranchya mothya bahumatat gambhir adthala aananyat yutee apayashi tharali.
1949 chee nivadanuk prachar.
matra, pudhil kahee varshant, suruvatichya shityuddhachya samyavadvirodhi vatavaranamule kamgarancha pathimba qamee houu lagla. 1947 madhye, chifleyne jaheer kele qee austreliyachya khajgi bankanche rashtriyikaran karnyacha tyancha hetu aahe, jyamule madhyamvargiy tivra virodh nirman jhaala jyacha menzi lokanni yashasviritya fayda ghetala. shifalichya banq rashtriyikaranachya prastavaviruddha moheem rabavnyavyatirikt, bhade aanee kimmati niyantrit karnyasathi rashtrakul yuddhakalin adhikar vadhavanyasathi 1948 madhye shifley sarkarne sarvmatasathi 'nahee' prakaranache menzies yanni yashasviritya netrutva kele. 1949 chya nivadanuk pracharat, menzi aanee tyanchya pakshane communist chalval sampavanyacha aanee mukt udhyojkanchya hitasathi kamgaranchya 'samajvadi upay' mhanoon sambodhalya sambodhalya virodhat ladhanyacha sankalp keela. jarr menzies sattevar aale, tarr tyanni mahagaicha samna karnyache, balkharch vadhavanyache aanee petrolche ration bund karnyache vachan dile. khalchya sabhagruhachya 74 varoon 121 jaganparyant vistar jhalyane, menzi udarmatvadi/deshi aaghadine 1949 chee nivadanuk 74 sabhagruhanchya jaaga aanee 51 takke done pakshanchya matansah jinkley parantu cinetmadhye alpamatat rahili. menzijcha vijay jeey kahee pratinidhitva karat hota, tyachya samyavadvirodhi aanee mukt udhyogasathichya samarthanane yuddhanantarchya austreliyan samajat eka naveen aanee prachand aadhar midavala hota.
dusare pantpradhanpad.
tyanchya nivadanuk vijayanantar, menzies 19 december 1949 roji pantpradhan padavar paratale.
shityuddha aanee rashtriy suraksha.
samyavadachi bheeti aanee rashtriy surakshesathi too nirman karnara dhoka haah naveen sarkarcha pahilya tappyatala pramukh vishay banala. senetene too nakarla aanee tyala duheri visangatichya nivadanukisathi chalana dilee, yaa aashene menzies yanni 1950 madhye communist pakshavar bandee ghalanyasathi kayada aanala, parantu kamgaranni heey vidheyak manjur houu dile. tyanantar uchch nyayalayane tyala asanvaidhanik tharavale. parantu jevha sinetane tyanche banking vidheyak fetalale, tevha tyanni duheri visangatichi nivadanuk bolavali. tyaa nivadanukit, aaghadila 121 paiki 69 jaaga aanee done pakshanchya matanchya 50.7 takke matey jinkun paach jagancha swing midala. tathapi, tyanni cinetmadhye sahaa jaaga jinkalya, jyamule tyanna donhi sabhagruhanvar niyantran midale. nantar 1951 madhye menzi lokanni communist aanee samyavadachya sandarbhat kayade karanyachi sansadela parvanagi denyasathi sanvidhanat badal karnyachya prashnavar sarvmat ghenyacha nirnay ghetala, jithe tyanni rashtrakulachya surakshesathi heey aavashyak asalyache sangitale. jarr teey manjur jhaale asate, tarr yamule sarkarla communist pakshavar bandee ghalanyacha prastav asalele vidheyak mandanyacha adhikar midala asata. 1951 chya nivadanukinantar kahee mahinyanni chifaliche nidhan jhaale. naveen kamgar nete, etch. vhee. evat yanni nagri swatantryachya aadharavar sarvmataviruddha moheem rabavali aanee tyancha alpaswalp parabhav jhaala. menzi lokanni corian yuddhat austreliyan sainya pathavale. pathavale dashakachya suruvatila aarthik paristhiti khalavali aanee kamgaranna kamgaranna nivadanuk jinkanyacha vishvas hota. nivadanukipurvi lagechach, menzijne jaheer kele qee austreliyatil eka soviet mutsaddi vladimir petrov pakshantar keela aahe aanee austreliyamadhye ivetchya ivetchya soviet hergiriche purave aahet. evatla sansadet heey sanganyas bhag padale gele qee tyane swatah soviet pararashtra mantri vyacheslav molotov yanna patra lihile aahe, jyanni tyala aashvasan dile qee austreliyamadhye soviet hergiriche konatehi chakr nahee, jyamule sansadechya donhi bajunni evatchya nishkapatpanavar hasanyapurvi sabhagruh kshanardhat shant jhaale.
shityuddhachya yaa bhiticha dawa kahee lokanni keela hota, jyamule menzi sarkar nivadanuk jinku shakale. menzi sarkarne 121 paiki 64 jaaga jinkalya aanee donhi pakshanchya 49.3 takke matey midavali. evatne menzieswar petrovchya pakshantarala vav denyacha aarop keela. 1954 chya nivadanukinantar kamgar pakshat phoot padali, victoriyatil anek samyavadvirodhi sadasyanni pakshantar karoon austreliyan kamgar paksh (samyavadvirodhi) sthapan keela. naveen pakshane aapali pradhanye udarmatvadyankade nirdeshit kelee, 1955 chya nivadanukit menzi sarkar vadhiv bahumatasah punha nivadoon aale. 1958 chya nivadanukit, punha lokshahi kamgar paksh banalelya pradhanyanchya madatine, menzi jawaljawal titkya sahajpane punha nivadoon aale.
pararashtra dhoran.
yuddhanantarchya punarrachanesah aanee door purvekadoon (bharat aanee indonesiasathichya swatantryasaha) european shakti aanee british samrajya mage ghenyane, menzi yugat prachand pradeshik badal jhaale. yaa bhoo-rajkiy ghadamodinna pratisad mhanoon, menzi sarkarne austreliyachya britton aanee united statessarkhya paramparik mitrarashtranshi majboot sambandh rakhale, tarr ashiya paisifikkade laksh kendrit kendrit austreliyachya pararashtra dhoranachi punarnirdharanhi kelee. 
1 september 1951 roji, tyachya parkeey vyavharanchya pahilya mantri, persey kharchkartyabarobar, menzi sarkarne sann francisco yethe enzus kararavar kararavar kelya. menzies yanni nantar sansadela sangitale qee austreliya, newzealand aanee america yanchyatil haah suraksha karar 'atyant sadichha, atyant sadbhavna aanee ayogya maitrivar aadharit' hota, 'aapan pratyekjan tyachya pathishi ubha rahoo' asey mhanat. americaberoberchi yutee majboot kartanach, dakshin aanee aagney aashiyatil deshanshi austreliyachya 'changlya shejari' sambandhansathi menzi aanee kharch karnare vachanbaddha hote. yaa pradeshat jawalche sambandh prasthapit karnyasathi, menzi sarkarne columbo yojana suru kelee, jyat pudhil chaar dashakanmadhye yaa pradeshatil sumare 40,000 vidyarthi austreliyat shikshanasathi yeteel. yuddhanantar japanchi vadhati aarthik kshamata olakhoon, vyapar mantri jacq messon aanee tyanche naveen pararashtra vyavhar mantri richard kesee yanchyasobat miloon, menzies yanni 1957 madhye japanshi vanijya kararavar vataghati kelya. yaa vyapar kararanantar 1958 madhye maleshiya aanee 1959 madhye indoneshiyashi dweepakshiy karar jhaale.
aarthik dhoran.
tyanchya tyanchya karyakalat, menzies yanni kamgaranchya 'samajvadi uddisht' chya ulat khajgi udyog aanee svayampurnatevar bharr dett shastriy udarmatvadi arthshastracha sarav keela. tyanusar, utpadanaksham kshamata mukt karnyasathi, niryat bajarpethela chalana denyasathi, sanshodhan karnyasathi aanee veej, paanee aanee dalanvalan puravanyasathi sarvajanik kaame karnyasathi curr protsahanankade mency sarkarchya aarthik dhoranane bharr deela.
1951 madhye, 10,000 paundanpeksha jaast utpannasathi (aaj 425,000 dollarschya samatulya) sarvoch kirkol karacha darr menzi antargat 75 takke hota; 1955 pasoon 1980 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, sarvoch kirkol karacha darr 67 takke hota.
samajik sudharana.
1949 madhye, serve aadivasi majee sainikanna matdanacha adhikar asava heey sunishchit karnyasathi sansadene kayada keela. 1961 madhye aadivasi matdanachya hakkanchi chaukashi karnyasathi aanee sansadet ahwal denyasathi eka sansadiy samitee sthapan karnyat aalee aanee 1962 madhye, menzijchya 'rashtrakul nivadanuk kayadya' madhye serve mool austreliyan lokanna federal nivadnukanmadhye navanondani karnyacha aanee matdan karnyacha adhikar asalyachi tartud karnyat aalee.
1960 madhye, menzi sarkarne eka naveen aushadhavishayak laabh yojana suru kelee, jyane sarkarne anudanit kelelya vihit aushadhanchi vyapti vadhavali. sarkarchya itar samajik kalyan upayayojananmadhye rashtrakul baal denagi yojanecha vistar, nivruttivetandharak vaidyakeey aanee mofat aushadhe seva, vruddha vyaktinchya gruh sahayya yojana, jivanrakshak aushadhanchi mofat tartud; bhade bharnare aashrit nivruttivetandharkanna purak nivruttivetanachi tartud; nivruttivetanache darr, berojgari aanee aajarpanache laabh aanee punarvasan bhatte vadhavane; aanee curr protsahan aanee bakshisanchi bhareev pranali yancha samavesh hota. 1961 madhye, 'vaivahik kaaran kayada' neey sampoorn austreliyat eksaman ghatasfot kayada aanala, vivah samupadeshan sevansathi nidhi pradan keela aanee ghatasfotasathi pureshi karane mhanoon vibhaktatechya vishisht kalavadhisathi bhatte dile.
julai 1962 madhye galburnchya catholic bishapanni sarkari madatichya abhavachya nishedharth aaplya shaala bund karnyachya nirnayala pratisad mhanoon, menzi sarkarne swatantra aanee catholic shalansathi rajya madatiche naveen package jaheer kele. madhyamik shalanmadhye vidnyan shikshanasathi imarati aanee upkarananchya suvidhanchya tartudisathi menzine darvarshi pannas dashalaksh paund denyache aashvasan dile. gelya done varshanpasun vidyarthyanna shalet rahnyas madat karnyasathi 10,000 shishyavrutti denyache aashvasan denyat aale hote aanee tantrik shalansathi aanakhi 2,500 shishyavrutti denyat aalya hotya. aitihasikdrushtya kamgar pakshacha drudh catholic pathimba asoonahi, calvelchya netrutvakhalil virodhakanni kamgar nete mhanoon goff vitalamchya aarohanasah shevati tyala pathimba denyapurvi rajya madatila virodh keela.
1965 madhye, purushanchya sarkarne sarvajanik sevet vivahit mahilanviruddha ughad bhedbhav sampavanyacha nirnay ghetala, tyanna kayamswarupi loksevak bananyachi parvanagi dilee aanee aadhich kayamswarupi loksevak asalelya mahila mahila lagnanantar too darja kayam thevanyachi parvanagi dilee.
sthalantar dhoran.
1947 madhye sthalantar mantri arther calwell yanni sthapan kelelya chiffley kamgar sarkarchya yuddhottar sthalantar yojanecha menzi sarkarne kayam thewala aanee kharokharach vistar keela. 1949 pasoon, sthalantar mantri harrold holt yanni 800 bigger-europeey yuddh nirvasitanna austreliyamadhye rahanyachi parvanagi denyacha aanee japani yuddh vadhula austreliyamadhye pravesh denyacha nirnay ghetala. 1950 madhye, pararashtra vyavhar mantri persey kharchkartyane columbo yojanela uttejan dile, jyaantargat ashiyai deshantil vidyarthyanna austreliyan vidyapithanmadhye abhyas karnyasathi pravesh denyat aala, tyanantar 1957 madhye, austreliyamadhye 15 varshe vastavya asalelya bigger-europeanna nagrik bananyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. jalvibhajak kayadeshir sudharananmadhye, sthalantar kayadyachya 1958 chya punaravruttine praveshasathi eka sopee pranali suru kelee aanee 'dictation test' radd kelee, jyane konatyahi european bhashet deu kelele aadesh kadhoon taknyachya tyanchya kshamatechya aadhare sthalantaritanna vagalanyachi parvanagi dilee hotee. sthalantar mantri surr alekzandar downer yanni jaheer kele qee 'pratishthit aanee uchch patra ashiyai' sthalantarit houu shakatat. 1960 chya dashakat holt sarkarchya panlot kshetrachya "sthalantar kayada, 1966" paryant nirbandh shithil kele jaat rahile.
1955 madhye redio redio karbhari kokarashi charcha hounahi heey ghadale, jyamadhye menzies heey heey austreliya dhoranache rakshak hote. (menzies) "dakshin aafriket kinwa americet kinwa gret brittenmadhye tyanna jyaa prakarchi samasya aahe, tee austreliyamadhye punha nirman jhaleli mallah pahaychi nahee. mallah vatate qee heey eka khoop changle dhoran aahe aanee teey aamchyasathi khoop mahattvache aahe aanee mea aataparyant aikalelee bahutek teeka yaa prachya deshanmadhun yet nahee, tee bhatkya austreliyananmadhun yete.
(kokra) "surr robbert, hya purvichya kalat, yaa varshanmadhye tumche varnan varnadveshi mhanoon kele gele aahe."
(purush) "aahe qaa?"
(kokra) "mea heey vachale aahe, hoy."
(menzies) "jarr majhe varnabhedvadi mhanoon varnan kele gele nasate tarr mea ekmev sarvajanik manus asato joou jhalela nasato."
uchch shikshanacha vistar.
menzi sarkarne uchch shikshanat sangharajyiy sahbhag vadhavala aanee 1951 madhye rashtrakul shishyavrutti yojana suru kelee, jyamadhye shulk samavisht kele gele aanee khalchya samajik-aarthik gatatil aashadayak vidyarthyanna udarpane sadhan-chachani bhatta deela gela. 1956 madhye surr keth murre yanchya adhyakshatekhalil samitee austreliyachya vidyapithanchya aarthik durdashechi chaukashi karnyasathi sthapan karnyat aalee aanee jyaa paristhitit vidyapithanchi svayatta tikavoon thewali gelee tyaa paristhitit yaa kshetrat menzijcha nidhi guntavanyat aala. uchch shikshanasathichya tyachya pathimbyamule, menzi sarkarne sanghiy sarkarchya nidheet tippat vaadh kelee aanee aapatkalin anudan, shaikshanik pagarat lakshaniy vaadh, imaratinsathi atirikt nidhi aanee 1961 pasoon uchch shikshanasandarbhat dekhrekh aanee shifarasi karnyasathi kayamswarupi samitichi sthapana kelee.
canberacha vikas.
menzi sarkarne canberra shahar rashtriy rajdhani mhanoon vikasit kele. 1957 madhye, menzi sarkarne canberache niyojan aanee vikasavar dekhrekh thevanyachya jababdarine swatantra vaidhanik pradhikaran mhanoon rashtriy rajdhani vikas aayogachi sthapana kelee. menzijchya karyakalat, federal sarvajanik sevecha motha bhag rajyachya rajdhanyanmadhun canberala gela.
nantarche jeevan.
december 1965 madhye menzies 71 varshancha jhaala aanee tyane naveen varshat nivrutt honyacha aapala hetu itaranna sanganyas suruvat kelee. tyanni 19 janewari 1966 roji mantrimandalala tyanchya nirnayachi mahitee dilee aanee tyanchya divashi udarmatvadi pakshachya netyacha rajinama deela; harrold holt yanchi tyancha uttaradhikari mhanoon binvirodh nivad jhaali. 21 janewari roji sanrakshn mantri shann paltridge yanchya nidhanane holtchya shapathavidhila vilamb jhaala. canberra yethe paratanyapurvi, 25 janewari roji paltridgechya rajkiy antyasanskarat menzi aanee holt heey pail-vahak hote, jithe menzine 26 janewari roji aupcharikpane aapala karyakal sampavala.
menzijchi nirop patrakar parishad hii austreliyamadhye thet prasarit honari pahili rajkiy patrakar parishad hotee. 17 februwari roji tyanni sansadecha rajinama deela, jyamule sansadet 32 varshe (tyapaiki bahutekanni ektar cabinet mantri kinwa virodhi pakshatil aaghadiche sadasya mhanoon kharch kele), bigger-kamgar aaghadiche nete mhanoon ektrit 25 varshe aanee nivadoon aalele adhikari mhanoon 38 varshe sampali. aajparyant, menzies heey tyanchya swatachya atinvar padd sodanare shevatche austreliyan pantpradhan aahet. tyanchya jaagi tyanche majee khajindar harrold holt yanni udarmatvadi pakshache nete aanee pantpradhan mhanoon padbhar swikarla. vayachya 71 vya varshi, 1 mahinyapurvi aanee 6 divasanchya vayat tyanni padd sodale, jyamule teey pantpradhan honare sarvat vayovruddha vyakti banale. jaree hii yutee jawalpas aanakhi saat varshe (1972 chya sanghiy nivadanukiparyant) sattet rahili, taree tyanni chaar vegvegalya pantpradhananchya netrutvakhali, mukhytah tyanchya tyanchya mrutyunantar, padbhar swikarlyanantar keval 22 mahinyanni, asey kele.
nivruttinantar teey melburn vidyapithache terave kulpati jhaale aanee march 1967 teey march 1972 paryant vidyapithache pramukh rahile. khoop aadhi, 1942 madhye, tyanna melburn vidyapithachya doctor auph lauchie pahili manad padvi midali hotee. austreliyatil vidyapith jivanache punarujjivan aanee vadhichi tyanchi jababdari queensland, edelaid, tasmania, nyu south wells aanee austreliyan national universitychya vidyapithanmadhye aanee canada, united states aanee brittenmadhil tera vidyapithanmadhye auxford aanee cambridges manad padvi puraskarane mothya pramanat manya karnyat aalee. royal college auph surgeons anek vidwan sanstha (aun. eff. aar. see.) aanee royal austreliyan college auph physician (aun. eff. aar. see. pii.) yanni tyanna manad shishyavruttisathi nivadle aanee 1954 madhye jyaa austreliyan vidnyan akadamichya sthapanela tyanni pathimba deela, tyamule 1958 madhye tyanna phelo (eff. aii. aii. ess.) banavale.
7 aktoobar 1965 roji, ranine niyukt kelelya sink bandaranchya laurd warden aanee dover killyachya havaldarache aupcharik karyalay mhanoon menzijchi sthapana karnyat aalee, jyat tyachya brittonchya varshik bhetidarmyan walmer killyatil adhikrut nivassthanacha samavesh hota. hota akheris menzies yanni virginia vidyapithat nivasi abhyasak mhanoon kaam haatee ghetale. tyanni vyakhyananchi malika sadar kelee, jee pudhil varshi 'austreliyan rashtrakulatil kendriya shakti' mhanoon prakashit jhaali. nantar tyanni aatmacharitranche done khand prakashit kele. march 1967 madhye teey melburn vidyapithache kulpati mhanoon nivadoon aale aanee paach varshancha karyakal tyanni sambhalala.
1971 madhye, menzies yanna tivra mastishkaghat jhaala aanee urvarit ayushyabhar tyanchya sharirachya eka bajula kayamswarupi ardhangvayu jhaala. 1972 madhye tyanna dusra stroke aala. tyanchya adhikrut charitrakar lady macnicol yanni tyanchya mrutyunantar 'daad austreliyan' madhye lihile qee menzi 'agadi shevatparyant utkrusht aanee tikshna' hote aanee 'darroj sakali tyanchi physiotherapy hote aanee tyanna tyaa divasacha samna karnyas madat kelee jaat hotee."march 1977 madhye, shatabdi chachanidarmyan, menzijne melburn crickett maidanachya lamb kholeet vhilchearvar ranee elizabethkadun aurder auph austreliya (aii. keey.) chaa tyacha nitehood swikarla.
vaiyaktik jeevan.
27 september 1920 roji, menzine mailburnmadhil kyu presbyterian charchmadhye patty lekishi lagn kele. patty lekee hii johnn lekee yaa rashtrakulachya udarmatvadi dharmachya pramukh vyaktichi sarvat mothee mulgi hotee, jee 1913 madhye victorian vidhansabhet benambrachya nivadanuk jilhyasathi sadasya mhanoon nivadali gelee hotee. tyanchya lagnanantar lagechach, menzi lokanni haward street, kyu yethe ghar vikat ghetale, jeey 25 varshansathi tyanche kautumbik ghar banale. tyanna teen jiwant mule hotih keneth (1922-1993), robbert juniyar (tyachya madhalya navane, iaan; 1923-1974) aanee eka mulgi, margery (tichya madhalya navane, heather; janm 1928). aanakhi eka mulacha janmachya velee mrutyu jhaala.
kenethcha janm 14 janewari 1922 roji hothorn yethe jhaala. tyane 16 september 1949 roji marjori kukashi vivah keela aanee tyala elek, lindsay, robbert tisra, dyna, donald aanee geophrey ashee sahaa mule jhaali. 8 september 1993 roji kuyong yethe tyanche nidhan jhaale. ian aanee heather yaa doghanchahi janm anukrame 12 aktoobar 1923 aanee 3 august 1928 roji kyu yethe jhaala. ian tyachya aayushyatil bahutansh kaal adnyat aajarane grast hota. tyanni kadhihi lagn kele nahee, kinwa tyanna mulehi navhati aanee 1974 madhye purv melburnmadhye vayachya 50 vya varshi tyanche nidhan jhaale. 1 meey 1955 roji, heather yanni pieter henderson yaa mutsaddi aanee loksevak (tyanchya lagnachya velee jakarta, indoneshiya yetheel austreliyan dutavasat kaam karat hote aanee 1979 teey 1984 paryant pararashtra vyavhar vibhagache sachiv mhanoon kaam karat hote) yanchyashi vivah keela. eka mulgi, robberta, jiche naav menzies asey hote, ticha janm 1956 madhye jhaala.
mungo mccullumchya matey, surr varvik oswald fairfax yanchi pahili patni betty fairfax hichyashi pantpradhan mhanoon menziche premsambandh hote. tyaa davyavar gerard henderson aanee menzijchya swatachya kutumbane nantar vaad ghatala.
mrutyu aanee antyasanskar.
15 meey 1978 roji melburn yetheel malvern yetheel tyachya haverbrack avenue yetheel gharee abhyas kartana hrudayavikarachya zatkyane menzijcha mrutyu jhaala. jagbharatil shraddhanjali menzies kutumbala pathvanyat aalee. tyapaiki visheshtah austreliyachi ranee elizabeth dusari hiche hoteh "surr robbert menzies yanchya nidhanachi batami aikoon mallah dukkh jhaale. teey eka pratishthit austreliyan hote, jyanche deshasathi aanee rashtrakulasathiche yogdan dirghkal lakshat raheel ", aanee austreliyache pantpradhan malcum fracer mhanaleh" serve austreliyan tyanchya nidhanabaddal shoke kartil. surr robbert yanni austreliyachya itihasavar kayamswarupi chhap sodali aahe."
19 meey roji melburn yetheel scots charchmadhye aayojit karnyat aalelya menzijvar shasakeey antyasanskar karnyat aale, jyat prince charles yanni elizabeth dusariche pratinidhitva kele. austreliyache vidyaman aanee majee pantpradhan malcum fracer, johnn mcwayne, johnn gorton aanee william mcmohan (done jiwant kamgar pantpradhan phrank phorda aanee goff whitlam antyavidhila upasthit navhate), tasech austreliyache governor general surr zellmann covan heey upasthit asalelya itar manyavaranmadhye hote. united kingdamche majee pantpradhan elek dugglus-hoome aanee harrold willson yannihi hajeri lavali.
hii seva austreliyatil aataparyantchya sarvat mothya shasakeey antyasanskaranpaiki eka hotee aanee aajahi aahe, jyamadhye scots charchpasoon springwell smashanbhumiparyant melburnchya rastyanvar 100,000 hoon adhik lock ranget ubhe hote, jithe menzies kutumbasathi khajgi seva aayojit kelee gelee hotee aanee samarambhachya shevati 19 tofanchi salami denyat aalee hotee. julai 1978 madhye, westminster mathat united kingadammadhe menzijsathi eka smarak seva aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. surr robbert aanee dame patty menzies yanchya asthee melburn general smashanbhumichya maidanavar 'pantpradhananchya udyanat' daphan kelya aahet.
menzijchya kahee virodhakanni 1978 madhye tyachya nidhanache smaran kele, jyat 'pig iyern bobb/deed ett ulternated' heey screenprinted poster hote, jyachi rachana earthworks poster collectivechya chips macinoltyne kelee hotee.
dharmik matey.
menzies haah presbyterian-banalelya samanya updeshakancha mulga hota aanee tyane tyachya vadilancha protestant vishvas aanee moolye aatmasat kelee. melburn vidyapithat abhyas karat asatana, menzies heey vidyarthi khrishchan unionche adhyaksh hote. baybalmadhye gumphalelya jiwant shraddhesah tyachya scottish presbyterian varshacha abhiman balgoon, menzi lokanni tarihi austreliyasathi aadarsh mhanoon dharmik swatantrya aanee asampradayikatecha prachar keela. kharey tarr, rajya madatichya vadgrast muddyavar austreliyan kaithalikambarobarchya tyanchya sahkaryala manyata midali jevha tyanna sidney 1964 madhye cardinal norman gilroy yanchya adhyakshatekhali varshik cardinalchya ratrichya jevanasathi sanmananiy atithi mhanoon aamantrit karnyat aale.
varsa aanee moolyankan.
ekoon 18 varshe, paach mahine aanee 12 divas miloon padavar rahilele menzi heey austreliyache aataparyantche sarvat jaast kaal seva denare pantpradhan hote. tyancha 16 varshe, eka mahina aanee saat divasancha dusra karyakal haah tyaa karyalayatil aataparyantcha sarvat motha akhand karyakal aahe. tyanchya tyanchya karyakalat tyanni austreliyachya rajkaranavar varchasva gajavale, jeey itar konihi kele nahee. aaplya pahilya karyakalatil apayshavar maat karnyat aanee 1943 chya nivadanukit aalelya adhogatipasun rajkaranachya puranmatvadi bajuchi punarbandhani karnyat teey yashasvi jhaale. tathapi, heey dekhil lakshat ghetale jaau shakate qee pratyek prasangi sarkar tikavoon thevat asatana, 1940,1954 aanee 1961 yaa teen vegvegalya nivadnukanmadhye done pakshanni pasantiche mutt gamavale.
chaar governor-general (viscount sliim aanee lords dunrosyl, dii laal 'aaysal aanee kesee) yanchya niyuktichi shifaras karnare teey ekmev austreliyan pantpradhan hote. keval done itar pantpradhananni aataparyant ekapeksha jaast governor-general nivadle aahet.
menzichya yugat austreliya eka adhikadhik samruddha samaj banala, jyache sarasari saptahik utpann 1945 chya tulanet vastavik drushtine jaast 1965 50% hote. yaa kalat bahutek austreliyan lokanna lokanna vadhiv samruddhisaha vishrantichya velet samanya vaadh jhaali, sathchya dashakachya madhyaparyant paach divasancha karya saptah haah sarvasamanya jhaala, jyat teen aathvadyanchya pagarachya varshik sutticha samavesh hota.
anek pustake menzijavishayichya dantkathanni bharaleli aahet. 1954 madhye victoriyatil vilyamstaun yethe teey bolat asatana, eka gondhal ghalanara oradala, "tumhi mukhya devdutache gabriel asata tarr mea tumhala matdan kele nasate", jyala menzine shantpane uttar dile, "jarr mea mukhya devdutache gabriel asate, tarr mallah bheeti vatate qee tumhi majhya matdarsanghat nasal."
joou gullet, joou tyanna pahilyanda tyanchya vadilanche kautumbik mitra mhanoon olakhat hote, heinry gullet, yuddhakalin pararashtra vyavhar mantri aanee jyanni nantar 1950 chya dashakat canberamadhye swatah sansadeche udarmatvadi pakshache sadasya mhanoon menzijchya antargat kaam kele, tyanni heey moolyankan sadar kele.
tyachya mrutyunantar lagechach menzijchya adhikrut charitrasathiche niyojan suru jhaale, parantu dame patty menzijchya tichya patichya pratishtheche sanrakshn aanee niyukt charitrakarala sahkarya karnyas tine nakar dilyane tyala barach vilamb jhaala. 1991 madhye, menzichya kutumbane eka. doubleu. martinne 1993 aanee 1999 madhye done khandanmadhye prakashit jhalele charitra lihinyasathi. 2019 madhye, 'daad austreliyan' chey patrakar aanee rajkiy itihaskar trie bramston yanni martinchya done khandannantarche 'robbert menzies daad aart auph politics' heey shirshak asalele menzijche pahile charitra lihile. bramstonla purvi upalabdh nasalelya menzijchya kautumbik kagadpatranmadhye pravesh hota, menzijchya samkalinanchya naveen mulakhati ghetalya aanee menzijchi mulgi, heather hendersonne tyala manyata dilee. serve menzichya charitranpaiki 'sanshodhan aanee vachaniyateche sarvat aakarshak sanyojan' asey tyache varnan karnyat aale hote. canberamadhil austreliyachya rashtriy sangrahalayat robbert menzishi sambandhit smaranchinhancha eka mahattvapoorn sangrah aahe, jyat surr robbert yanna midaleli anek padake aanee nagri puraskar jase qee tyanchi jayanti aanee rajyabhishek padake, aurder auph austreliya, sanmananiy sahkari aanee us leason auph merritt yancha samavesh aahe. tethe chalanyachi kathee, sigarchi petty, koyong matdarankadun chandichya gravy boaty aanee ranee elizabeth dviteey yanni sadar kelelya chandichya shaichya stands anek vishesh sadarikaran vastoo dekhil aahet. robbert menzies yanche sumare 4,000 pustakanche vaiyaktik granthalay melburn vidyapithatil granthalayat aahe.
bahya duve.
 
 

