
hiravya shaiwal

hiravya shaivalat (ekvachanah hiravya shaivalat) prasinodermophyta aanee tyachi adnyat baheen yancha samavesh asalela eka gut aahe jyamadhye chlorophyta aanee carophyta/streptophyta asatat. zygnematophysichi baheen mhanoon carophyte algamadhye jaminivaril vanaspati (bhrun) kholvar udayas aalya aahet. hiravya shaivalamadhye bhrundravye udayas aalee aahet heey lakshat aalyanantar kahee lekhak tyancha samavesh karoo lagale aahet. purn jhalele clade jyamadhye hiravya shaiwal aanee bhrun yaa donhicha samavesh asato teey monophylatic asate aanee tyala clade viridiplante aanee kingdam plante mhanoon sambodhale jaate. hiravya shaivalanmadhye ekkoshikiy aanee vasahatvadi flageletscha samavesh hoto, jyat bahutek pratyek peshila done flagela asatat, tasech vividh vasahatvadi, cocoid aanee philaments prakar aanee macroscopic, bahukoshikiy cvd asatat. hiravya shaivalanchya sumare 22,000 prajati aahet. anek prajati tyanche bahutansh ayushya eka peshi mhanoon jagatat, tarr itar prajati coenobia (vasahati), lamb tantunche kinwa atyant bhinn sookshm sagari shaiwal tayar karatat.
itar kahee jeev prakashsanshleshan karnyasathi hiravya shaivalavar avalambun asatat. lapidodinium" vanshatil dynophlageletsmadhil chloroplast, euglenids aanee chlorarachniophytes heey sevan kelelya hiravya shaivalapasun prapt kele gele hote aanee nantarchya madhye eka nucleomorph (vestigial nucleus) tikavoon thewale gele. hiravya shaiwal ciliate 'paramatium' aanee 'hydra viridicima' aanee sapat kruminmadhye dekhil sahajivipane aadhaltat. hiravya shaivalanchya kahee prajati, visheshtah 'traboxiophyce' aanee 'trentpohlia' (varg alvophysi) yaa vargatil 'treboxia' yaa vanshanchya prajati, shilimbanchya sahajeevi sambandhanmadhye aadhaltat aanee tyamule liken tayar hotat. samanyatah likenmadhye sahbhagi asalelya burshijanya prajati ektyane jagoo shakat naheet, tarr shaiwal prajati anekada burshishivay nisargat rahat aadhaltat. "trentpohlia" haah eka philaments green alga aahe joou damat maatee, khadak kinwa zadachya salavar swatantrapane jagoo shakato kinwa graphidacy kutumbatil likenmadhye prakashsanket tayar karoo shakato. macroalga "prasiola calophila" (traboxiophysi) dekhil sthaliy aahe, aanee
"prasiola krispa", jeey atiushna pradeshat rahatat, teey sthaliy aahet aanee antarcticmadhye damat mativar, visheshtah pakshyanchya vasahatinjaval mothya galichya banavoo shakatat.
pesheey rachana.
hiravya shaivalanmadhye chloroplast asatat jyat chlorophyll "aii" aanee "bii" asatat, jyamule tyanna chamakdar hirwa rung midato, tasech beeta carotene (laal-naringi) aanee zanthophile (pivala) heey purak rangdravye thylacoidsmadhye asatat. hiravya shaivalanchya peshinchya bhintinmadhye samanyatah cellulose asato aanee teey starchya swarupat karbodkanmadhe sathavatat.
serve hiravya shaivalanmadhye sapat christes mitochondria asato. jevha upasthit asate, tevha paired flazelacha vapar peshi halavanyasathi keela jaato. teey sookshm nalikanchya aanee tantumay tantunchya cross-aakarachya pranalidware lunger ghalatat. flagela heey keval carophytes, bryophytes, terridophytes, cycads aanee "jinkgo" chya gatishil narr gametmadhye asatat, parantu pinophyta aanee fulanchya vanaspatinchya gametmadhye anupasthit asatat.
chlorophysi vargatil sadasyanna, phycoplastdware honanya hiravya shaivalanmadhil peshi vibhajanachya sarvat samanya swarupat, bund mitosis hoto. yaulat, carophyte hiravya shaiwal aanee jaminivaril vanaspati (bhrun) centriolsshivay khulya mitosismadhun jaatat. tyaeivaji, mytotic spindlepasoon microtubulescha 'raft', fragmoplast tayar hoto aanee peshi vibhaganimadhye peshi platechya nirmitimadhye yaa fragmoplastcha vapar samavisht asato.
mool.
prakashsanshleshit eukeriotscha ugam eka prathamik endosymbiotic ghatanenantar jhaala, jithe heterotrophic eukariotic peshine prakashsanshleshit cyanobacteriumsarkhya procariotla vyapale jeey sthirpane ekatmik jhaale aanee akheris puttle-baddh organelmadhye vikasit jhaleh plasteed. yaa prathamik endosymbiosis ghatanemule prathamik plastids teen autotrophic clade tayar jhaleh (hiravya) vanaspati (chloroplasts) laal shaiwal (rhodoplasts) aanee glaucophytes (muroplasts).
utkranti aanee vargikaran.
hiravya shaivalanche vargikaran anekada tyanchya bhrunvanshiy vanshjansah hiravya vanaspati clade viridiplante (kinwa chlorobionta) madhye kele jaate. viridiplante, laal shaiwal aanee glaucophyte shaivalansah, supergroup primoplante tayar karatat, jyala archeplastida kinwa plante 'sensu latto' asehi mhanatat. purvajancha hirwa shaiwal haah ekkoshikiy dhwaj hota.
viridiplante done vanshanmadhye vibhagale gele. chlorophytamadhe suruvatichya vichalit honanya pracinophyte vanshancha aanee coor chlorophytancha samavesh hoto, jyat hiravya shaivalanchya varnan kelelya bahutek prajati asatat. streptophytamadhye carophytes aanee jaminivaril vanaspatincha samavesh hoto. pramukhyane aanvik mahitivar aadharit harit shaiwal sambandhanchi ekmatane keleli punarrachana khalee dilee aahe.
mesostigmatophicy, chlorocabophysi aanee spirotenia besal swaroop heey keval adhik paramparikpane besal streptophyte aahet.
yaa paraphyllatic gatatil shaiwal "carophyta" purvi chlorophyta madhye samavisht kele gele hote, mhanoon yaa vyakhyemadhye hiravya shaiwal aanee chlorophyta heey samanarthi shabd hote. jasjase hiravya shaivalanchya cladeche nirakaran hote, tasatase eka khol carophyte shakha asalele bhrun, "shaiwal", "hiravya shaiwal" aanee "carophyte" madhye samavisht kele jaatat kinwa yaa sandnyanchi jaaga anukrame archeplastida, plante/viridiplante aanee streptophyte sarkhya cladistic paribhashanni ghetali jaate.
punarutpadan.
hiravya shaiwal haah prakashsanshleshi, eukariotic jivancha eka gut aahe jyamadhye haplobiontic aanee diplobiontic jivanchakra asalelya prajatincha samavesh aahe. dvigunit prajati, jase qee "alva", eka punarutpadak chakr anusaran karatat jyala pidhyanche paryay mhanatat jyamadhye done bahukoshikiy rupe, haploid aanee dvigunit, paryayi asatat aanee hii samaroop asoo shakatat kinwa nasoo shakatat (samaan aakarvidnyan asaleli). haplobiontic prajatinmadhye keval haploid pidhimadhye, gametophyte bahukoshikiy asato. falit andakosh, dvigunit zaigot, ardhasutranatun jaato, jyamule haploid peshi nirman hotat jyaa naveen gamatophytes banatil. hyaplobionic purvajanpasun vikasit jhalelya dvidhruviy prakaranmadhye bahukoshikiy dvidhruviy pidhi aanee bahukoshikiy dvidhruviy pidhi donhi asatat. yethe zaigot mitosisdware varanvar vibhajit hoto aanee bahukoshik dvigunit sporofitemadhye vadhato. sporophyte ardhasutranadvare haploid bijkan tayar karate jeey bahukoshikiy gametophyte tayar karnyasathi ankurit hotat. serve jaminivaril vanaspatinche dvigunit samaan purvaj asatat aanee dvigunit swaroop dekhil alvofayaseemadhye ekapeksha jaast vela swatantrapane vikasit jhaale aahet (jase laal aanee tapkiri shaivalanmadhye dekhil ghadale aahe).
dvigunit hiravya shaivalanmadhye samaroop aanee vishamroop swarupancha samavesh hoto. samaroop shaivalanmadhye, aakarvidnyan heey haploid aanee dvigunit pidhyanmadhye samaan asate. heteromorphic shaivalanmadhye, gametophyte aanee sporofitemadhye aakarvidnyan aanee aakar vegvegale asatat.
samaan peshinchya (isogamy) sanyugmapasun teey lahan gatishil peshidvare (uugamai) mothya gair-gatishil peshichya garbhadhanaparyant punarutpadan badalate. tathapi, hii vaishishtye kahee bhinnata darshavtat, visheshtah pracinophytes navachya besal hiravya shaivalamadhye.
haploid shaiwal peshi (tyanchya dii. aine. aii. chee keval eka prat asalelya) itar haploid peshinshi villin houn dvigunit zygots tayar karoo shakatat. jevha philaments shaiwal heey karatat, tevha teey peshinmadhye pool tayar karatat aanee khalee asalelya peshinchya bhinti mage sodatat jyaa prakash sukshmadarshakakhali sahajpane olakhalya jaau shakatat. yaa prakriyela 'sanyugman' mhanatat aanee udaharanarth 'spirogyra' madhye ghadate.
seeks ferromon.
jaree keval kahee pratikruti jivanmadhye tapshilvar abhyas keela gela asala taree, laingik ferromon utpadan heey bahudha hiravya shaivalanche eka samanya vaishishtya aahe. "volvox" hii chlorophyteschi eka prajati aahe. vegvegalya prajati 50,000 peshinchya golakar vasahati tayar karatat. eka changlya prakare abhyasaleli prajati, 'volvox carteri' (2,000-6,000 peshi) panyachya tatpuratya talavanvar vyapate, jeey unhalyachya uttaradhat ushnatemadhye korade hotat. tyanche vatavaran korade padalyavar, alaingik "v. carteri "lavkar marto. tathapi, teey korade honyachya kahee kaal aadhi, tyanchya jivanchakrachya laingik tappyavar jaaun mrutyupasoon vachoo shakatat jyamule supt nirjalikaran-pratirodhak zygots tayar hotat. glycoprotein ferromon (hallman aanee itar) dware laingik vikas suru hoto.1998). heey ferromon heey sarvat shaktishali dnyat jaivik prabhavak renunpaiki eka aahe. heey 10−16 meater itakya qamee sandratemadhye laingik vikasas chalana deu shakate. curk aanee kirkne dakhavun dile qee laingik-prerak ferromone utpadan ushnatechya dhakkyane sharirik peshinmadhye prayogikdrushtya suru kele jaau shakate. asha prakare ushmaghat hii eka ashee sthitee asoo shakate jee samanyatah nisargat laingik-prerit ferromonela chalana dete.
clausterium peraserism-strigosum-littorel (see. pii. ess. ell.) complexes haah ekkoshikiy, samdvibahu carofician alga gut aahe joou jaminivaril vanaspatinchya sapeksh sarvat jawalcha ekkoshikiy aahe. vividh prakarchya sanyogache heterothallic prabhed zygospores tayar karnyasathi sanyugmit houu shakatat. sambhog-prakar (-) aanee sanyog-prakar (+) peshindware tayar honari proteins (glycopolypeptides), jyanna protoplast-releases inducing proteins mhanatat, asey laingik ferromons yaa prakriyela sulabh karatat.
shariravidnyan.
caracian shaivalasah hiravya shaivalanni patalanchi ionic aanee panyachi pargamyata, ausmoregulation, turger niyaman, meeth sahishnuta, cytoplasmic pravah aanee krutee kshamatechi nirmiti yaa yantrana samajoon ghenyasathi aadarsh prayogik jeev mhanoon kaam kele aahe.