duchy auph nasau

duchy auph nasau (germanh "herzogtom nasau") heey 1806 teey 1866 darmyanche eka swatantra rajya hote, jeey aata reinland-palatinate aanee hese yaa german rajyanmadhye sthit aahe. too rayanchya mahasanghacha aanee nantar german mahasanghacha sadasya hota. aata namshesh jhalele tyache shasak rajvansh heey nassauche ghar hote. dachila tyache naav tyachya aitihasik mukhya shahar, nassauvarun denyat aale hote, jaree nassauaivaji wisbaden hii tyachi rajdhani hotee. 1865 saalee duchy auph nassaumadhye 465,636 rahivasi hote. 1866 madhye austro-russian yuddhanantar, russiachya rajyat kabja karoon, tyat samavisht kelyanantar, too hese-nasau prantat samavisht karnyat aala. aaj haah parisar eka bhaugolik aanee aitihasik pradesh aahe, nassau aanee nassau heey purvichya dachichya simevaril nassau nisarg udyanache naav dekhil aahe.
aaj, luxembergcha grand duke ajunahi 'duke auph nassau' hii dusari padvi mhanoon vaparato aanee grand ducal kutumbatil itar sadasyankadun 'prince' kinwa 'princess auph nassau' hii padvi vaparali jaate. nasau haah dutch rajgharanyachya navacha dekhil eka bhag aahe, joou swatah narangi-nasau shailicha aahe.
bhoogol.
duchycha pradesh moolatah taunas aanee westerwald parvataranganshi ekroop hota. dakshin aanee paschim seema mukhya aanee gendyane tayar kelya hotya, tarr pradeshachya uttarekadil bhagat, laan nadine done parvataranganna vegale kele. purv aanee dakshinela asalela shejaril pradesh hesecha bhavya duchy hota. hese-hombergche bhoo-aachchadan aanee frankfurtche mukt shahar dekhil purvekade hote. paschimes prusiyacha gendyacha prant hota, jyane nasauchya purvekadil bhagat wetzler navachya eka ecclaver dekhil niyantran thewale.
loksankhya.
1806 madhye tyachya sthapanechya velee, duchymadhye 3,02,769 rahivasi hote. nagarikanmadhye bahutansh shetkari, divasamajur kinwa karagir hote. 1819 madhye, 7 takke nasavars 2000 hoon adhik rahivasi asalelya vasahatinmadhye rahat hote, tarr urvarit 850 lahan vasahati aanee 1,200 vilag vasahatinmadhye rahat hote. 5, 000 rahivashansah wisbaden hii sarvat mothee vasahat hotee aanee sumare 2,600 rahivashansah limberg aine dair laan hii dusari sarvat mothee vasahat hotee. 1847 paryant, wisbaden 14,000 rahivashanparyant aanee limberg 3,400 paryant vadhale hote. tisare sarvat mothe shahar hostom maine hote.
itihas.
sthapana.
nassauchya gharanyane tyachya jawaljawal eka hazar varshanchya itihasat anek taranchya taranchi nirmiti kelee hotee. 18 vya shatkaparyant, teen mukhya resha nassau-yusingen, nassau-welberg aanee nassau-dietz (nantar aurange-nassau) yaa chhotya rajkumaranchya hotya, jyat aata netherlands aanee belgiummadhye mothya, vikhuralelya pradeshancha samavesh hota. 1736 pasoon, vegvegalya reshanmadhye (nassau kautumbik karar) anek karar aanee karar karnyat aale, jyamule pradeshanche aanakhi vibhajan rokhale gele aanee shakhanmadhil samanya rajkiy samanvay saksham jhaala. yaa sandarbhat, pradeshanchya nantarchya ekikaranasathi paya rachoon, vaiyaktik pradeshanchya prashasakeey upavibhaganmadhye samayojan karnyat aale.
pahilya aaghadichya yuddhanantar (1792-1797), nasau-dietzney belgium aanee netherlandsmadhil aapali malmatta gamavali, tarr nasau-yusingen aanee nasau-welberg yanni tyanche serve pradesh raeenchya paschimes francechya tabyat gamavale. dusarikade, itar german dharmnirpeksh sansthananpramanech, dharmnirpekshatechya parinami nasausanni purvi charchcha bhag asalela pradesh midavala. mainz aanee trierchya rajkumar-bishapanchya pradeshanna surakshit thevanyasathi nasaus yanni rastatchya aalee congressmadhye (1797) aanee parismadhye vataghatimadhye bhag ghetala. ghetala shahee vishrantimule mothya pramanat nasau-yusingen aanee nasau-welberg yanchya ichcha purn jhalya. aurange-nasau yanni aadhich napoleanshi vegalya atinvar sahmati darshavali hotee.
nassau-yusingenane sarbrucane, sarvardancha done trutiyansh bhag, otweeler aanee kahee lahan pradesh (darvarshi ekoon 60,000 rahivasi aanee 447,000 gilder utpann) gamavale hote. nuksanbharpai mhanoon, tyala midaleh menz, hoxt, conigstein, cronberg, lanstein aanee raingau yethoon; kolonmadhun gendyachya purv purv kahee jilhyanmadhun; bavariyahoon, kaubacha upajilha; hese-darmstadt, epstein, catzenalbogen aanee broubackche adhipati; prushiyahoon, saine-altenkirchen, saine-hatchenberg; aanee menzkadoon anek closter prapt jhaale. asha prakare nassau-yusingenane aapali haravaleli loksankhya parat midavali aanee tyache varshik utpann sumare 130,000 gilderni vadhavale.
nassau-welbergney kirchheim, stoff aanee sarvardancha tisra (15,500 rahivasi aanee 178,000 gilder mahasoolat) gamavala. hyasathi, tyala ehrenbreitstein, valendar, saine, montabour, limberg aine dair laan, teen math aanee limberg cathedralchya malkisah trierchya anek chhotya malmatta midalya. yaat ekoon 37,000 rahivasi aanee 147,000 mahasool mandale hotee.
yaa vyavasthanchya darmyan, sansthanachya kamergatcha 52,000 hectorhoon adhik jangale aanee shetjaminiparyant mothya pramanat vistar karnyat aala. yaa kshetranmadhye sapat jaminicha 11.5% samavesh hota aanee darvarshi sumare daha laakh gilder utpann midvat hote-jeey tyanchya ekoon utpannacha sarvat motha bhag hota.
vastavik shahee suttichya agadi aadhi, september aanee aktoobar 1802 madhye, donhi rajyanni tyanna midalelya collon aanee menzchya pradeshat sainya tainat kele. november aanee decembermadhye, nagri sarkarchya pradesh tabyat ghetalyanantar, aadhichya shasananchya sarkarchya aanee naveen prajanni naveen shapath ghetali. nassau nassau ahavalanusar, bahutek pradeshanmadhye naveen prashasanache swagat karnyat aale kinwa kiman nishedh naan karata swikaranyat aale, kaaran majee dharmik shasakanchya tulanet nassau sansthananna atishay udarmatvadi manale jaat asey. december 1802 teey september 1803 darmyan, sampatti math aanee dharmik samuday visarjit karnyat aale. 1817 paryant malmattevina math bund karane suru rahile kaaran rajyala bhikshunna aanee sanvad sanvad tyanche samuday visarjit kelyanantar nivruttivetan dyave lagale. aktoobar 1803 teey februwari 1804 darmyan, anek shahee shoorvir aanee shahee nikatatechya itar swaminche pradesh tabyat ghetale gele aanee tyancha taba ghetala gela. keval august/september 1806 madhye yaa adhigrahananna rajadnyedvare pushti denyat aalee, jyala rayanchya mahasanghachya tahadvare pushti denyat aalee. yaa prakriyela shahee shoorviranchya netrutvakhali lakshaniy pratikarala samore jaave lagale, parantu yaa pratikarala konatehi gambhir parinam jhaale naheet aanee akheris nasau rajkumaranchya japtichi french adhikari aanee sainikanni amalbajavani kelyamule too ayashasvi jhaala.
17 julai 1806 roji, nassau-yusingenacha rajkumar fredrick augustus aanee tyacha chulat bhau nassau-welbergcha rajkumar fredrick william rayanchya mahasanghat sameel jhaale. nasau gharanyache varishtha sadasya prince fredrick augustus yanna sarvbhoum duke auph nasau hii padvi midali, tarr fredrick william yanna sarvbhoum rajkumar auph nasau hii padvi denyat aalee. napolean I chya dabavakhali, fredrick augustus aanee fredrick william yanchya sanyukt rajvatit, 30 august 1806 roji donhi parganya villin houn duchy auph nasau tayar jhalya. fredrick augustusla purush varas navhate aanee fredrick william asha prakare tyachya sansthanala varsa midvanyachya margavar hota yaa vastusthitimule yaa nirnayala protsahan midale.
1815 madhye, viennachya congressmadhye, aanakhi pradeshik vistar jhaala. jevha 31 meey roji narangi-nasau vanshala dutch mukut midala, tevha tyanna narangi-nasauche sansthan pruciala sopavave lagale, jyane tyacha kahee bhag aalee divashi nasauchya dachila deela.
9 janewari 1816 roji scloss weilberg yethe yethe padalyane fredrick viliyamcha mrutyu jhaala aanee 24 march 1816 roji fredrick augustuschya mrutyunantar tyacha mulga william haah nasaucha pahila ekmev duke banala.
sudharanancha kaal.
1806 madhye hans christophe ernst wonn gaggern aanee ernst franz ludwig wonn bieberstein heey mukhyamantri hote. 1811 madhye wonn gaggernney rajinama deela, jyanantar wonn beaberstein 1834 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant ektyane seva kelee.
dachichya pahilya varshanmadhye sudharananchi eka malika rabavali geleeh 1806 madhye gulamgirichi nirmulan, 1810 madhye halchalinche swatantrya aanee 1812 madhye moolbhut curr sudharana, jyane 991 thet karanchya jaagi jameen aanee vyaparavaril ekach purogami karachi jaaga ghetali. apmanaspad sharirik shiksha radd karnyat aalee aanee 'cultourveroadnung' (shetee adhyadesh) neey maatee aanee jaminichya swayatt vyavasthapanala protsahan dile. chaar jilhyansah sankraman kalanantar, naveen duchy 1 august 1809 roji teen jilhyanmadhye ektrit karnyat aaleh wisbaden, weilberg aanee ehrenbratestein. tyaa badalyat, 1816 madhye, wisbaden hii ekmev rajdhani mhanoon sthapan karoon, tee radd karnyat aalee. 1806 madheel bavis teey 1812 madhye aththavisparyant amt upavibhaganchi sankhya haloohaloo qamee jhaali. pradeshachya dharmik vaividhyamule 24 march 1817 roji 'sanyukt shaala' chee pranali suru karnyat aalee. 14 march 1818 roji, rajyavyapi sarvajanik aarogya pranali sthapan karnyat aalee-germanymadhye ashee pahili pranali.
1814 chee sanvidhan.
2 september 1814 roji rajyaghatna ghoshit karnyat aalee. konatyahi german rajyatil hii pahili aadhunik rajyaghatna hotee. sarkarmadhye, visheshtah curr aakaranit, sansadiy sahbhag (atishay maryadit) asalyamule, tee tyaa kalatil bhashet 'sansadiy sanvidhan' manali jaat asey. rajyaghatanene vyaktiche swatantrya, dharmik sahishnuta aanee vruttapatrachya swatantryachi hummy dilee. heinrich frydrich carl waum und zoom stein yancha tyavar motha prabhav hota, joou moolatah nasau yethoon aala hota aanee tethe tyachi barich jameen hotee. rajkumaranni tyachya sahbhagala protsahan dile kaaran too shahee shoorviranchya vargacha bhag hota jyanna tyanni bedkhal kele hote aanee tyachya sahbhagamule shoorvirancha virodh qamee jhaala hota. tathapi, europe kalatil maifilichya kayadyane, visheshtah 1819 chya carlsbad aadeshanni, itaratrapramanech nasaumadhye swatantryavar naveen nirbandh ladale.
28 december 1849 roji rajyaghatanechi jaaga sudharit rajyaghatanene ghetali, jyat 1848-49 chya german krantichya lokshahi magnyancha vichar keela gela. 25 november 1851 roji hii rajyaghatna radd karnyat aalee aanee junie rajyaghatna punarsanchayit karnyat aalee.
sansad.
1814 chya sanvidhananusar, nasauchya sansademadhye ('landstande') done kaksh hoteh eka pratinidhi sabhagruh ('landus deputeertaversamlunglu') aanee eka haus auph lords ('herenbank'). prabhu gharanyache akra sadasya heey serve nassau gharanyache rajkumar kinwa kulinanche pratinidhi hote. pratinidhi mandalache bavis sadasya bahutansh janganana matadhikaradvare nivadle gele hote, parantu churchche teen pratinidhi aanee shikshakancha eka pratinidhi vagalata teey jaminiche malak asane aavashyak hote.
rajyaghatanechya sthapanenantar keval chaar varshanni 1818 madhye duchymadhye pahili nivadanuk jhaali. parinami, dachichya sthapanet sansadela bhoomika bajavanyapasun rokhanyat aale. matdaranmadhye 39 kuleen, 1448 mothya pramanat jaminiche malak aanee 128 shrimant shaharvasi hote. tyaveli duchychi loksankhya sumare 287,000 hotee, hii matdaranchi eka chhoti sankhya hotee.
3 march 1818 roji sansadechi pahili baithak jhaali.
nasau kshetra vivad.
dachichya sthapanechya velee, mantri wonn bieberstein yanni samanya kshetrachya khajinyat aanee pradeshik karanmadhye eka majboot vittiy farak sthapit keela. rajvadyatil malmatta aanee jameen, khanij panyachya panyachya samavesh asalele kshetra, tasech dashansh aanee itar saranjamdar dey rakkam hii ducal hausachi malmatta hotee, jee rajya kharch bharnyasathi vaparali jaau shakat navhati aanee jyachyavar sansadecha adhikar navhata. dachichya agadi suruvatichya kalatahi yaa vyavasthevar jordar teeka jhaali hotee. sansadiy adhyaksh carl friedrich emil wonn ibel yanni visheshtah bieberstein yanna lihilelya patranmadhye aanee dukela kelelya yachikanmadhye yabaddal takrar kelee, jyaa varanvar hott hotya. tyachi shatrutvapurna bhoomika hii 1821 madheel tyachya mahabhiyogachya samarthananpaiki eka hotee.
tyanantarchya varshanmadhye, ducal aanee rajya nidhimadhil vibhaganibabat sansadet aanee sarkarmadhye tasech sarkarmadhye adhik vadavivad jhaala. haah sangharsh keval ughadpane samore aala, matra 1830 chya julai krantidarmyan shejaril deshanmadhye ashantata pasarali. 1831 madhye, sarkarne yaa vishayavar dukekade yachika sadar karnyapasoon rokhale aanee menzmadhil killyatoon austriyan sainyasah rayangaumadhye sanyukt yuktivad keela. sansadechya pudhil baithakit, jee aataparyant farshi sakriy navhati, tyanni anek sudharana prastavancha masuda tayar keela, jyapaiki kahee manjur karnyat aale. asha prakare kshetracha muddah jalatya binduparyant pohochala. 24 march roji, khalchya sabhagruhachya pratinidhinni heey kshetra janatechi malmatta honyasathi prastav mandala. sarkarne yaa muddyavar sarvajanik sabhanna manai kelee aanee ulat mutt jaheer kele. yaa nirnayanantar konatyahi bandkhorila aala ghalanyasathi, shejarchya grand duchy auph hese yethoon shekado sainikanna bolavanyat aale. matra pratyakshat ekahi bandkhori jhaali nahee. rajyatil aanee shejarchya sansthanmadhil vruttapatranmadhye, vartmanpatranmadhil lekh aanee patrake yaa samasyechya donhi bajunna pathimba dett asat.
21 aktoobar 1831 roji 'hanaur zitung' madhye prakashit jhalelya eka vadgrast lekhat, visheshtah pratinidhi pakshatil pramukh vyakti, chamber george herber hote. 1831 chya akheris, nasau nyayalayane harberviruddha tapas suru keela. 3 december 1832 roji, 'sarvbhaumatvacha gairavapar' aanee beabersteenviruddh 'badnami' kelyabaddal herberla shevati teen varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. 4 decemberchya ratri, chembarchya adhyakshala tyachya antharunavar zopatana atak karnyat aalee. 7 janewari 1833 roji tyanchi jaminavar sutka jhaali. harbarachya vakilane, nantar nasauchya krantikari mukhyamantryane tyala qamee shiksha denyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyala rokhanyat aale. tathapi, shikshechi amalbajavani kadhich jhaali nahee, kaaran khoop aajari asalelya herberche 11 march 1833 roji nidhan jhaale.
ducal sarkarne sarkarne kalat haus auph lordscha vistar karanyachi tayari aadhich kelee hotee aanee 29 aktoobar 1831 roji eka aadeshadvare heey lagoo jhaale. asha prakare burjuva alpasankhyak jhaale aanee november 1831 madhye curr aakarani rokhanyachya tyanchya prayatnat teey ayashasvi jhaale. yavyatirikt, haus auph lordsney beabersteenviruddh burjuvachya lakshyit karvaila matdan kele. tyanantarchya mahinyant, sangharshachya vividh pakshankadun adhikadhik sabha, sabha, vruttapatratil lekh (visheshtah nasauchya baheroon) aanee patrake aalee. jyaa sarkarchya burjuvambaddal sahanubhooti vyakt kelee hotee tyanna fatkarnyat aale kinwa kadhoon taknyat aale aanee nasauchya bahereel udarmatvadi vruttapatranvar bandee ghalanyat aalee.
march 1832 madhye, khalchya sabhagruhasathi naveen nivadanuk jhaali. tathapi, haus auph lords tyanchya aadhichya sankhyeparyant qamee karanyachi magani burjuva pratinidhinni kelee. sarkarne heey nakarlyamule, pratinidhinni adhiveshan sampavale aanee 17 april roji sabhagruh sodale. teen church sadasya, shikshakansathi sadasya aanee itar eka pratinidhi yanni ghoshit kele qee urvaritanni sahbhagi honyacha tyancha adhikar gamavala aahe aanee ducal curr aakaranila manyata dilee.
duke edolphcha pravesh.
kshetra vivadanantar nassauche rajkaran shant jhaale. wonn beabersteinchya mrutyunantar, nasaune 1835 madhye german zolverinemadhye pravesh keela, jyala beaberstein jordar virodh keela hota. 1839 madhye, duke vilyam dekhil maran pavala aanee tyacha bavis varshancha mulga edolph yane tyachi jaaga duke mhanoon ghetali. edolphane 1841 madhye tyache nivassthan wisbaden ciity palacemadhye halavale aanee janewari 1845 madhye tyane russian grand duchess elizabeth mikhailovnashi lagn kele, jicha eka varshanantar balachya janmat mrutyu jhaala. tichya sanmanarth, tyane wisbadenmadhye russian orthodox church sthapan kele. 1842 madhye, manz edelsvereenchya sansthapak sadasyanpaiki eka, edolph hota, jyacha texasmadhye german vasahat sthapan karnyacha hetu hota, parantu too yashasvi jhaala nahee.
1844 pasoon, nassaumadhye, visheshtah vyapar aanee creeda sanghatananmadhye samudayik payabharanichi laat hotee. suruvatila heey arajnaitik hote, parantu aagami krantimadhye tyanchi bhoomika asel. wisbaden heey german catholic dharmachya kendranpaiki eka hote. sarkarne 1845 madhye kahee adhik udarmatvadi nagarpalika kayadyasah aanee 1846 madhye jilha nyayalayambaddalachya kayadyasah kahee tatpuratya sudharanancha prayatna keela. 1847 madhye sansadene grameen lokanchya takrarinna pratisad mhanoon, vruttpatra swatantrya aanee pranyandvare jaminiche nuksan karnyavar kayadyancha masuda tayar keela.
1848 chee kranti.
europechya bahutansh bhaganpramanech, 1848 madhye francemadhil februwari krantinantar nasau eka krantikari latet budale hote. 1 march roji nyayshastradnya august hergenhan yanchya netrutvakhalil eka udarmatvadi gut, sarkarla udarmatvadi udarmatvadi magnyanchi yadee sadar karnyasathi, wisbaden yetheel 'vier jahereseiten' hotelmadhye jamala. yaa yadeet nagri swatantrya, german rashtriy sabha aanee naveen nivadanuk kayada yancha samavesh hota. aalee divashi, "neun forderunjen dair nasaur" (nasavarsachya nauu maganya) mukhyamantri emil august phaun dungern yanchyakade sadar karnyat aalya, jyanni nagarikanchi sainya, patrakariteche swatantrya aanee nivadanuk sudharananvar charcha karnyasathi sansadechya khalchya sabhagruhachya dikshant samarambhala twarit manyata dilee. itar magnyanvaril nirnay dukesathi rakheev hote, joou tyaa velee berlinmadhye hota.
hergenhanchya ghoshanenusar, 4 march roji sumare 40,000 purush wisbadenmadhye jamale. yaa krutimadhye eka spasht sangharsh hota, joou tyanantarchya ghatananchya vikasala aakar deilah jaree hergenhanchya sabhovatalachya vartulala lokanchya stutidvare tyanchya magnyanchi pushti milanyachi aasha hotee, tarr teey pramukhyane shetkari hote, jeey junya saranjami ladaniche nirmulan aanee vann aanee shikar kayade sulabh karnyachya prayatnat, kathya, kadya aanee aanee sajj hote. gardi shaharat aswasthapane firat asatana, dukeney tyachya nivassthanachya balkanitun ghoshana kelee qee too tyanchya serve maganya purn karel. tyanantar jamav anandane vikhurla gela.
vruttpatra swatantryachya aagmananantar, aathvadyanchya aat tera rajkiy vruttapatre prakashit jhaali, jyat ektya wisbadenmadhil paach vruttapatrancha samavesh hota. grameen bhagatil asankhya sthanik rajpatrannihi rajkiy grunth chhapanyas suruvat kelee.
marchchya aalee aathvadyapasun, nivadanuk sudharananni rajkiy patalavar kendrabindu ghetala. matdanacha adhikar aata kiman malmattechya garjeshi jodalela nasava hii udarmatvadyanchi sarvat mahattvachi magani hotee. 6 march roji, khalchya sabhagruhane yaa vishayavar charcha kelee. jevha haus auph lordsney dekhil matdanachya adhikaranvar charcha karnyacha prayatna keela, tevha wisbadenchya lokanmadhye nishedh jhaala. matdanachya adhikarachya prashnavar sarvajanikpane charcha karnyasathi sumare 500 lock sandhyakali wisbadenmadhye jamale. nassauchya itar shaharanmadhye chhotya baithka jhalya. matra, mahinyachya madhyaparyant yaa sarvajanik charcha nahisha jhalya hotya. darmyan, bhavishyatil sansad 40-60 sadasyansah eksadaniy asavi aanee matdanachi malmatta aavashyak asane radd karave yavar kanishth sabhagruhane sahmati darshavali. naveen sansadeche sadasya thet nivadoon dile jaave qee electoral kolejdware nivadle jaave haah sarvat vadgrast muddah hota. 20 march roji masuda vidheyak sadar karnyat aale aanee shevati 28 march roji teey manjur karnyat aale. tyanni teen viruddha 18 matanni electoral collegechya bajoone nirnay ghetala. 5 april roji nivadanuk kayada lagoo jhaala. tyat asey mhatale hote qee darr shambhar lock eka matdar nivadatil, joou 14 matdar mahavidhyalayanpaiki eka matdar mandalat bhetel, jyapaiki pratyekjan sansadecha eka sadasya nivdel. aataparyant vagalanyat aalelya anek gatanna matdanacha adhikar denyat aala, jase qee kuleen, adhikari, nivruttivetandharak aanee jyoo. jyanna qamee dilasa midala kinwa diwalkhor jhaale, tyanna matdan karanyachi parvanagi navhati. sarvoch prashasakeey adhikari, lashkari adhikari aanee nyayalayin adhikari vagalata serve nagrik sansad sadasya mhanoon seva denyas patra hote.
darmyan, 31 march roji purv sansad seent yethe jamali. frankfurt-emm-maine yetheel paul church. tyache pandhra pratinidhi nasau sansadechya khalchya sabhagruhatun aanee done nasau haus auph lordsmadhun ghenyat aale hote. sansadepurvichya kalatahi duchyche aanakhi nauu nagrik hote.
parinami grameen bhagat arajak paristhiti nirman jhaali. krantichya suruvatila anek sarkarchya tyanchya tyanchya gamavalya hotya, tyamule konatehi aadeshit prashasana navhate. navhate curr bharane purnapane bund kele aanee vann rakshakanna baher kadhale. anek tarun adhikari aanee shikshak heey kattarpanthi lokshahisathi krantikari aandolak asalyache siddha jhaale. ducal sarkarne grameen janatela shant karnyasathi (visheshtah avaidh shikar, grameen aanee vann gunhyansathi), shalthisenchya mukt nivadanuka swikarane, shevatchya saranjamdar deyake radd karane aanee vividh apriy prashasakeey udarmatvadi hatvane yasarkhya jordar krutinsah yaa paristhitit yogdan dile. shaharanmadhye, lock anekada tyanchya swatachya shejarchya ghadyalanchi sthapana karoon samanya arajaktevar pratikriya dett asat. wisbadenmadhye, augustus hergenhanchya netrutvakhali sampoorn nasausathi eka kendriya suraksha samitee sthapan karnyat aalee aanee sampoorn duchymadhye adhikar patalicha anand lutanyasathi aalee. hergenhan kranticha madhyam udarmatvadi agraganya prakash mhanoon vikasit jhaala aanee duke adapalacha vishvasahi surakshit keela. emil august wonn dungarnane mukhyamantripadacha rajinama dilyanantar, dukeney 16 april roji hergenhanla tyachya jaagi niyukt kele.
1848 chya nivadanuka.
nassauchya sansadechya nivadanuka jawal yet asalyane, rajkiy sanstha tayar houu lagalya aanee akheris tyaa tyaa rajkiy pakshanmadhye ektrit jhalya. marchchya shevatapasun, limbergchya bishapane grameen bhagatil catholic samajanna protsahan denyas suruvat kelee. 21 moolbhut tattvansah, konatyahi pakshapeksha tyancha sarvat spasht karyakram hota, joou bishapane 9 march roji jaheer keela hota. yavyatirikt, pashupalan patra aanee dharmik sevanni dharmik rajkaranachya pracharasathi eka vyaspeeth pradan kele. 4 april roji, eka kattarpanthi udarmatvadi patrak wisbadenmadhye vitarit karnyat aale, jyat catholic rajkiy aandolanachya virodhat ubha asalela pahila paksh mhanoon 'republican societychi samitee' ghoshit karnyat aalee. aalee divashi, 'nassoishe algeman' chya eka vishesh ankane lokshahi-rajeshahi virodhi pakshachi ghoshana kelee, jyachi aupcharik sthapana 7 april roji jhaali. 5 april roji, nivadanukanchya tayarisathi wisbaden samitee sthapan karanyachi magani karat lakshaniy nidarshane jhaali. sakali, udarmatvadyanni dupari 1 vajata jaheer sabha ghenyache aavahan kele, jyaveli matdar mandalachi nivad kelee jaeel, jyasathi tyanni aadhich umedvaranchi yadee tayar kelee hotee. madhyaratri, madhyamvargiyanni done taas pudhe dhakalale, jeey teey tyanchya swatachya yadicha masuda tayar karnyasathi vaparat hote, jyamule baithak jhaali tevha mothya pramanat matey midali.
pudhil aathvadyanmadhye, ducal sarkarne sansadiy nivadanuka aanee panne-german frankfurt sansadechya nivadanukanchi tayari suru kelee. asha prakarche kaam pahilyandach karnyacha prayatna keela jaat asalyane, anek kshetranmadhye matdaranchi yadee tayar karane hii eka avishvasaniy katheen prakriya hotee. ayogya manalya olakhalya matdanachya hakkavareel maryadanvirodhat janata aanee vruttapatranni nishedh keela. visheshtah, karagir aanee aanee praudh putra jarr tyanchya vadilanchya vyavasayat kaam karat asateel tarr tyanna matdan karanyachi parvanagi dilee jaanar nahee yaa vastusthitichya virodhat tyanni maghar ghetali.
akher 18 april roji nivadanuk mahavidhyalayanchi nivadanuk jhaali. pratyek shahar aanee pradeshat matdaranchya vidhansabhanni tyanchi nivad kelee hotee. matdan lagoo dachichya 4,20,000 rahivashanchi ekoon sankhya nishchitpane nishchit karata aalee nahee. andaj 84,000 teey 100,000 lokanmadhye (20-23%) bhinn hota. pradeshanusar matdan khoop qamee teey jawaljawal purn sahbhagaparyant badalate, parantu grameen bhagapeksha shaharanmadhye jaast sahbhag ghenyachi pravrutti hotee. nivadanuk vidhansabhanmadhun anek prakriyatmak aniyamitatanchya batamya aalya. matdaranchya nivadimadhye vaicharik karyakramanni kirkol bhoomika bajavali. vidhansabhanchya anek sabhanmadhye curr qamee karanyachi aashvasne dilee gelee. bahutek prakarananmadhye tyanni mahapour, shikshak, vann rakshak kinwa padri (visheshtah westerwaldmadhye) yasarkhya samajikdrushtya aadhich prakhyat asalelya lokanchi nivad kelee. kaithalikanni tyanchya anuyayanna catholic umedvaranvar chinhankit keleli purv-tayar matpatrika dilee. yala nivadanuk kayadyane spashtapane manai kelee hotee aanee udarmatvadyanni tyavar jordar teeka kelee hotee.
25 april roji frankfurt sansadesathi 4,000 matdaranni nassauchya sahaa pratinidhinchi nivad kelee. yogya aanee ichchuk umedvar shodhane katheen tharale. keval adchanine wisbaden nivadanuk samiteene (madhyam udarmatvadi, catholic church aanee tyanchya sansthanche pratinidhi aanee vividh vaicharik vartmanpatranche pratinidhi mhanoon) sahaa rikt padansathi umedvar shodhale. samitichya yaditil pratyekjan sarkari karmchari hota.
jilha 1 (dachichya uttarela reneroad) aanee jilha 4 (nairutyela nastaton) madhye farsa sangharsh jhaala nahee; delenbergche procurator carl shenk 76 takke matansah nivadoon aale, tarr governing councilche sadasya friedrich skiip 90 takke matansah nivadoon aale. jilha 2 madhye (vayvyekadil montabour), khoop jaast ugra moheem jhaali hotee, parantu freeher max wonn gaggern 82 takke matansah vijayi jhaala. udarmatvadyanni umedvar honyasathi wonn gaggernshey sampark sadhala hota, parantu too eka samarpit catholic aanee dukecha jawalcha vishvasoo dekhil hota. chhavanimadhil yaa sthanamule catholic aanee udarmatvadi lokanna tyachyavar hallah karanyachi sandhee midali, parantu yaa hallyancha akheris farsa parinam jhaala nahee, kaaran tyane charchcha pathimba kayam thewala hota. jilha 3 (dachichya madhyabhagi asalele limberg) sathee samitiche umedvar asalelya friedrich schulz yannahi vadane vedhale. teey weilbergmadhye uppramukha aanee 'lanbotten' chey sampadak hote, jyanni eka sudharanavadi marg pudhe nela, jyamule tyanchya matey prajasattak hoil. yaa mahattvakankshi yojnesathi, jyavar 'kalpanik' mhanoon teeka karnyat aalee hotee, shulzwar udarmatvadyanni teeka kelee hotee. pann shevati shulzne tyachya jeelhyat 85 takke matey midavali. jilha 5 (conigstein, aagney) carl phillip heinerne jinkla, jyachi konatyahi pratinidhipeksha sarvat kattarpanthi matey hotee. teey berschainshaftche majee sadasya hote aanee tyanchya rajkiy matanmule 1831 madhye tyanna rajya sevetoon tatpurte kadhoon taknyat aale hote, parantu march 1848 paryant teey sarkarmadhil sarvoch padanpaiki ekavar pohochale hote. heinerne ghatanatmak rajeshahi haah keval sankramankalin tappa manla aanee tyache mukhya laksh prajasattakavar thewale. kadachit yaa kattarpanthi bhoomikemule tyanna tyanchya jeelhyat keval 61 takke matey midali. jilha 6 (wisbaden) madhye, augustus hergenhan swatah ubha rahila aanee 80 takke matansah jinkla.
jinkla kalat, frankfurt sansadetil nassau pratinidhi shenk vyatirikt gatanmadhye vikasit jhaale. wonn gaggern, hergenhan aanee scape heey madhyam udarmatvadi casino gatat sameel jhaale, tarr schulz aanee heiner madhyabhagi davya westendhallmadhe sameel jhaale. frankfurt sansad kosalatach, max wonn gaggernney 21 meey 1849 roji itar 65 rajeshahi pratinidhinsaha aaplya padacha rajinama deela. tyanantar lagechach hargehan, skiip aanee shaink yanni tyancha pathlag keela. juuna 1849 madhye sansadeche antim visarjan hoiparyant heiner aanee schulz sadasya rahile.
1 meey roji nassau sansadechya nivadanukit, jee nivadanuk mahavidhyalayanchya 4,000 sadasyanni dekhil paar padali hotee, frankfurt sansadechya nivadanukanpeksha sthanik hitsambandhanni khoop mothee bhoomika bajavali. paksh aanee samajacha gambhir parinam jhaala nahee. bahutansh yashasvi umedvar heey nagri sevak aanee mahapour hote, jyat done vyapari, udhyogpati aanee shetkari hote. lakshaniyaritya kahee catholic aanee purnapane ekahi catholic padari nivadoon aale naheet.
kranticha ant.
nasau sansadechi 22 meey 1848 roji prathamach baithak jhaali. unhalyat, davya-ujavya yojnevar aadharit gut sansadet disu lagale. nivadanukinantar nassaumadhil ashantata shant jhaali nahee. julai 1848 madhye, sansadechya nirnayanna nakaradhikar denyachya dukechya adhikaravar pratyaksh sangharshasah, teey eka naveen sankatachya tappyavar pohochale. sansadetil davya pakshane heey adhikar manya kele nasale taree ujavya vicharsaranichya aanee ducal sarkarne tyavar jore deela. lavkarach yaa vadamule samanya lokanmadhye ashantata nirman jhaali. shevati, hergenhanne menz yethoon prussian aanee austriyan sainya bolavale, jyanni wisbadenmadhye dangalinna aala ghatala. septembermadhye, frankfurtmadheel rastyanvar ladhalyanantar, sanghiy sainyane taunasacha kahee bhag tabyat ghetala.
sansadechya samantar, rajkiy samaj aanee prakashananchya paridrushyatahi eka majboot vaicharik vibhajan vikasit houu lagale aanee teey adhikadhik sakriy jhaale. varshachya uttaradhat anek yachika aanee sabha jhalya. unhalyachya kalat 'free zitung' haah rashtriy sabhechya davya pakshacha mukhpatra banala aanee tyane prussia aanee nasauchya sarkaranvar varanvar teeka kelee. nassauishe algemine" neey kathor tatasthata sodali aanee weilberg "lanboat" pramanech ghatanatmak rajeshahiche samarthak mhanoon rupantarit jhaale. 1848 madhye dekhil, krantikari shaktichi kapat lakshaniy hotee. free zitung" aanee "algemine" vagalata serve vartamanpatre varshachya uttaradhat prakashit hone bund jhaale, kaaran vikri zapatyane qamee jhaali aanee ducal sarkarne prasarmadhyamanna dadapun taknyas suruvat kelee. yaa ghadamodincha parinam mhanoon, "nassoishe algemine" heey lock paise aanee samagrisathi ducal sarkarvar adhikadhik avalambun rahoo lagale. kosalali akherpasoon punha eka sarvasamaveshak sensorship vyavastha astitvat aalee.
1848 chya sharad rutuparyant sthapan jhalelya rajkiy sansthanni, mukhytah lokshahi bhoomika swikarlya, jyat spashtapane rajkiy sanghancha samavesh hota, parantu anek creeda sangh aanee kamgar sangh dekhil hote. 12 november roji lokshahi sanstha 'kirberger union' mhanoon ekatra aalya, jee eka chhatra sanstha mhanoon kaam karnar hotee. krantiviruddha pratikriya suru hotach, anek naveen paya tayar jhaale, jenekarun 1848 chya akheris, kerberger unionmadhye sumare pannas sanstha hotya, jyapaiki anekanchya swatachya up-sanghatana hotya. matra, tyanantarchya kahee mahinyant lokshahi chalval zapatyane kosalali. kosalali madhyaparyant sakriy lokshahi sanstha astitvat navhatya. ghatanatmak rajeshahila pathimba pathimba kahee sanstha sthapan karnyat aalya. 19 november 1848 roji tyanna eka atee-kamandar rachana midali, jevha nasau aanee hessian ghatanatmak sansthanni swatahla duesh veren (german samaj) asey naav dile, jyacha paya wisbadenmadhye aahe.
erfert sansadesathi nivadanuka.
frankfurt sansadechya patananantar, prussia, austriya aanee lahan german rajye yanchyat sangharsh jhaala. duchy auph nassau heey prussiananna aanee erfert yethe kendriya sansad bolavanyachya tyanchya yojananna pathimba pathimba chhotya german rajyanpaiki eka hote. 3 december 1849 roji ducal sarkarne prussian teen-shreni matadhikar vaparoon nasauchya chaar jilhyanmadhil yaa sansthechya nivadanukanche nirikshan kele
rajkiy chalvalinni jaree aapale shikhar paar kele asale taree padansathi nivadanuk moheem hotee. sanvidhanvadi, sarkar aanee 'nassoishe algeman' yaa sarvanni, yamule rajeshahivadi germanysathichya russian yojananna vaidhata milel yaa aashene mothya pramanat matdan karanyachi magani kelee. frankfurt sansadecha anaupacharik uttaradhikari, tathakathit gotha sansadenantarcha pradesh, nirnayakpane max vanne gaggernchya prabhavakhali aala. august hergenhanne juuna 1849 madhye sansadenantarchya tyaa karyakramat dekhil bhag ghetala. 16 december roji ghatanatmak rajeshahivadyanni wisbadenmadhye eka mothee nivadanuk sabha aayojit kelee, jyat namankane jhaali. yaulat, lokshahivadyanni matdaranchi sankhya qamee vhavi yasathi prayatna kele aanee frankfurt sanvidhanachi amalbajavani karanyachi magani kelee. juuna 1849 madhye, yaa uddeshane sampoorn nassaumadhye loksabhanche aayojan karnyat aale. sumare 500 sahbhaginsah sarvat mothee sabha 10 juuna roji edusteinmadhye jhaali aanee tyanni daha maganya tayar kelya, jyat badden, schleswig-holstein aanee paletinetmadhun nasau sainya mage ghenyachahi samavesh hota, jithe teey krantikari chalvalinna pratibandh karnyasathi german mahasanghache pratinidhi mhanoon tainat hote. tyapalikade, tyanna purn adhikar asalelya german sansadechi punarrachana karayachi hotee. yaa tappyaparyant catholic rajkiy samaj aadhich nahise jhaale hote. charchane swatah nivadanukivar prabhav padanyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee.
erfert sansadechya nivadanukanchi tayari december 1849 madhye suru jhaali. 20 janewari 1850 roji nassau yethe electoral collegechi prarambhik nivadanuk jhaali. matdanache vay jaast asalyamule, 1848 chya tulanet sahbhagi sahbhagi matdaranchi sankhya thodi qamee hotee. matdanachi takkewari 1 teey 20 darmyan hotee. keval done jilhyanmadhye 60 takkyanhun adhik matdan jhaale. kahee thikani keval matdan adhikarich sahbhagi jhaale hote. 132 paiki kiman 27 matdar jilhyanmadhye, matdan qamee asalyamule matdan houu shakale nahee aanee 27 janevarisathi tyache velapatrak badalave lagale. nivadanuk mahavidhyalayanche sadasya mhanoon nivadle gelele serve lock nagri sevak hote. tyanantarchya divasant, ghatanatmak rajeshahivadyanni pratinidhi mhanoon nivadoon yenyasathi umedvaranchi nemanook kelee. 31 janewari roji, nivadanuk mahavidhyalayanni carl virth, celtersmadhil sthanik adhikari, max wonn gaggern, august hergenhan aanee dukecha mehuna herman, prince auph wide yanchi erfert sansadesathi nasauche pratinidhi mhanoon nivad kelee. jaree too eka kuleen manus asala taree, nivadoon aalelya pratinidhinpaiki prince auph wide haah sarvat udarmatvadi hota.
punarsthapana.
thodya kaal shantatenantar duke edolphane eka pratikriyavadi karyakram suru keela. duke aanee mukhyamantri yanchyat adhikadhik sangharsh hott gele, jeey keval madhyam rudhivadi hote aanee 1851 chya akheris tyanni rajinama deela. tyancha uttaradhikari hota, jyanni 7 februwari 1852 roji aapale padd sweekarle. tyanchya madatine dukeney pudhil varshanmadhye dilele swatantrya qamee kele aanee udarmatvadi udarmatvadi padavarun hatavanyas suruvat kelee. kelee madhyaparyant jawaljawal serve rajkiy sansthanvar bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee.
1849 madhye sarkarne sansadet naveen nivadanukancha prastav sadar keela, jyamadhye shrimant nagrik uchch sabhagruh nivadoon deteel asha dvisadaniy pranalichi nivad kelee jaanar hotee. yaa prastavala udarmatvadyanni virodh keela, tarr ghatanatmak rajeshahivadyanni tyala pathimba deela. tyanantar september 1850 paryant nivadnukambabat pudhil charcha jhaali nahee, jevha sarkarne erfert sansadechya namunyat prussian teen-shreni matadhikar vaparoon nivadoon aalelya chovis sadasyanchya sabhagruhasathi naveen prastav sadar keela. dukeney 2 april 1851 roji sansad visarjit kelyamule naveen nivadnukambabat sansadeshi pudhil sallamasalat jhaali nahee. 25 november roji dukeney shevati 1848 purvi astitvat asalelya dvisadaniy pranalipramanech sansadechya nivadanukisathi niyam lagoo kele. rajkiy gut aanee urvarit kahee sansthanni prachar karnyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee. 14 aanee 16 februwari 1852 roji sarvoch curr-sanchatil jamindar aanee aanee (sampoorn duchymadhye shambharpeksha qamee lokanni) varchya sabhagruhachya sahaa sadasyansathi pratham matdan kele. khalchya sabhagruhasathi electoral collegechi nivad 9 februwari roji jhaali aanee electoral collegechi baithak 18 februwari roji jhaali. khalchya sabhagruhasathi patra matdaranchi sankhya 70,490 hotee. matdaranchi sankhya 3-4% chya darmyan hotee. kahee bhagat, swarsyachya abhavamule nivadanuka houu shakalya naheet. aadhichya sansadechya ulat, naveen kanishth sabhagruhat shetkari haah sarvat motha gut hota.
1864 madhye, jevha sarkarne westerwaldmadhil marinstat math vikanyachi yojana aakhali, tevha punha ekada kadwa rajkiy sangharsh suru jhaala. 1803 madhye tyache dharmnirpekshikaran karnyat aale aanee teey khajgi malkimadhye gele. 1841 madhye heey thikan vikrisathi thevanyat aale aanee sarkarne mathala nassaumadhil vruddha aanee garibansathiche pahile sarkari ghar banavanyachi yojana aakhali. bandhkam mantryanni aavashyak nutanikaranacha kharch 34,000 gilder asalyacha andaj vartavala. 1842 madhye, duchyne 19,500 gildersathi math vikat ghetala. tyanantar lagechach yaa prakalpasathi imarati khoop white sthiteet asalyache sanganyat aale. 1860 chya dashkaparyant imaratinchi sankhya aanakhi qamee jhaali hotee. limbergchya bishapprasadala teey anathalayat rupantarit karnyasathi teey midvanyat rus vatoo lagla. naan vaparlelya sankulachya dekhbhalichya kharchamule sarkarla teey vikanyatahi rus hota. 18 meey 1864 roji heey math 20,900 gilderna vikale gele.
yachya kahee kaal aadhi, 25 november 1863 chya nivadanukit, udarmatvadyanni sansadechya kanishth sabhagruhat mothe bahumat midavale hote. tyanchya jahiranamyat, itar goshtimbarobarach, catholic charchala asalele visheshadhikar itar dharmik gatannahi dile javet, assa prastav hota. 9 juuna 1864 roji, sansadetil udarmatvadyanni assa yuktivad keela qee math vikri purn houu naye. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee imarati aanee malmatta jyaa kimmatila vikalya gelya hotya tyapeksha adhik maulyavan aahet aanee sansadela jaminichya vikrivar nakaradhikar thevanyacha adhikar aahe. sarkarchya sarkarchya sansadela assa konatahi adhikar nasalyache nakarle aanee tyachya vikrinantar yaa sanrachanela asalelya samajik mulyavar bharr deela. anek baithka suru asalelya charchedarmyan sansadechya samarthak aanee virodhi padri sadasyanmadhye shabdik yuddh suru jhaale. catholic charchala mulanvar dekhrekh karnyas virodhi padri sadasyanni nakar deela. shevati sansadechya virodhanantarhi vikri pudhe gelee.
duchycha shevat.
14 juuna 1866 roji jevha austro-russian yuddh suru jhaale, tevha nasauchya duchyne austriyala haat deela. 3 julai roji konigratzchya ladhait yuddh jinkale gele aanee 12 julai 1866 roji visbadenjavalachya zornchya ladhait prushiyavar nasaucha "vijay" prushiyadvare nasauchya ladhaila rokhanyasathi kahihi karoo shakala nahee. nasau haah hese-nasau prantatil wisbaden pradesh banato.
23 august 1866 roji prag shantata sampanyapurvi aanee uttar german mahasanghachya nirmitichya done divas aadhi, 16 august 1866 roji, rajane prushiyachya landtagchya donhi gharanna ghoshana kelee qee prussia hannover, hese-cassell, frankfurt shahar aanee nasau yancha samavesh karel. donhi sabhagruhanna 1 aktoobar 1867 roji tyaa pradeshanmadhye russian sanvidhan lagoo lagoo kayadyala tyanchi sammati denyas sanganyat aale. 20 september 1866 roji russian landtagchya donhi sabhagruhanni haah kayada manjur keela aanee rajpatrat prakashit keela. pudhil payari mhanje vilinikaran soochaneche prakashan, jyane jodalya gelelya nauu pradeshanchya nagarikanna prushiyache nagrik banavale. yaa adhikrut krutinnantar, sanlagn pradeshanna urvarit prushiyashi purn ektrikaranat aananyasathi pudhil vyavharik karvai karnyat aalee.
nasaucha shevatcha duke duke edolph yala nuksanbharpai mhanoon 15,000,000 gilder, tasech bibrich palace, scloss weilberg aanee conigsteinmadhil luxembergies scloss midale. narangi-nasauchi purush vanshaval namshesh jhalyanantar 1890 madhye too luxembergcha grand duke banala.
1868 madhye, frankfurt aanee hesechya matdaransah nasau hese-nasau yaa naveen prussian prantat ekatra aale. naveen prantachi rajdhani kasel hotee, jee purvi hesechya matdaranchi rajdhani hotee. nasau aanee frankfurt heey wisbadenche prashasakeey kshetra banale. 1945 madhye, naisaucha bahutansh juna duchy american tabyat asalelya kshetrat aala aanee hese rajyacha bhag banala. 1968 madhye darmstadmadhye samavisht hoiparyant wisbaden hesechya aat eka prashasakeey pradesh rahila. duchy auph nassaucha eka chhotasa bhag french tabyat asalelya kshetrat aala aanee too reyanland-palatinate rajyatil montabourcha prashasakeey pradesh banala. 1956 madhye, hese rajyat sameel honyababatcha sarvmat matdaranni fetalala.
rajkaran.
pararashtra vyavhar.
pararashtra vyavharanmadhye, duchyche bhaugolik sthan aanee aarthik kamkuvatpanamule tyachi davpech karanyachi sandhee mothya pramanat maryadit jhaali-napolean kalat, tyala ajibat svayatta navhati. nasso 'sainya' nepoliyanchya aavahanavar hote. 1806 madhye, tyanna berlinmadhye kabja sainik mhanoon tainat karnyat aale hote. tyanantar kolbergchya vedhyat teen tukadya tainat karnyat aalya. payadalachya done tukadya aanee ghodadalachya done tukadya dweepkalpiy yuddhat paach varshanhun adhik kaal ladhalya; tyapaiki keval ardhe parat aale. november 1813 madhye, napoliyanviruddhachya sahavya yutimadhye nasau sameel jhaala.
nasauche sainya waterloochya ladhait ladhaleh ardha aar. jee. tii. napolean, 1/1 aar. jee. tii. chya virodhat asalelya tatbandi asalelya hogmont farmchya farmchya too eka bhag hota. frenchanni laa heyy sente tabyat ghetalyanantar tyala jordar marhan jhaali. 7507 purush ink. yaa karvait 887 svayamsevak marle gele.
1815 madhye viennachya kongresanantar, nasau german mahasanghacha sadasya hota.
lashkari.
dachichya german mahasanghachya sadasyatvamule nasauche lashkari dhoran aakarle gele. itar prashasanapramanech, nassauchya purvavarti rajyankadun varshane midalelya vividh lashkari dalanna ekach sansthet ekatra aananyasathi sainyat sudharana karnyat aalee.
bahutansh sainyat payadalachya done tukadya hotya, jyaa jyaa madhye tayar karnyat aalya hotya. napolean yuddhandarmyan, tyanna jaggerchya tukadyanni pathimba deela hota. waterloochya yuddhanantar, duchyne eka tofkhana company ubharali, jee 1833 nantar done companyansah tofkhana vibhag bunley. aanakhi tukadya jodalya gelya (pioneer, jagger, saman gadya, rakheev). yuddhakalat aavashyakatenusar aanakhi tukadya jodalya gelya. sampoorn sainya eka brigade kamand sanrachanekhali thevanyat aale hote. tyachya pramukhsthani duke hota, parantu dainandin mohima eka sahayyak generaldware aayojit kelya jaat asat. samanyatah, nassau sainyat andaje 4,000 sainik asat.
dachichya vilinikaranantar, bahutek adhikari aanee sainik prussian sainyat sameel jhaale.
shikshan.
dachila swatache vidyapith parvadat navhate, mhanoon duke william mea hannover samrajyashi eka karar keela, jyamule nasauchya nagarikanna gottingen vidyapithat abhyas karanyachi parvanagi midali. shaala aanee vidyapith shishyavruttisathi vittapuravatha karnyasathi, 29 march 1817 roji, duke williamne nassau kendriya abhyas nidhichi sthapana kelee, joou aajahi astitvat aahe, anek junya dharmnirpeksh aanee dharmik nidhi ektrit karoon aanee tyala shetjameen, jangale aanee bandhane deuun.
gottingenmadhye, nasav-nasalele vidyarthi adhunmadhun kendriya abhyas nidhidware nidhi puravilelya mofat ratrichya jevanat bekaydeshirpane sahbhagi jhaale. german shabd 'nassore', jyacha arth 'jyaa vyaktila adhikar nahee asha visheshadhikarat bhag ghenari vyakti' assa aahe, too yaa prathetoon aala aahe asey mhatale jaate, jaree vyutpattishastrinyan ahwal deela aahe qee haah shabd pratyakshat eka berlin bolibhasha shabd aahe joou rowelsh yidishpasoon aala aahe aanee yaa kathecha shodh yaa vastusthitinantar lagla hota.
dharm.
duchy tayar karnyasathi ekatra jodale gelele bhinn pradesh parinami, nassau heey dharmikdrushtya eksandh rajya navhate. 1820 madhye, dharmik gatanche vighatan jhaleh 53 takke eksandh protestant, 45 takke catholic, 1.7 takke jyoo aanee 0.06% menonite. tathapi, ekapeksha jaast dharmanchya vasahati asamanya hotya. bahutek gave aanee shaharanvar done pramukh khrishchan gatanpaiki ekachya sadasyanche spashtapane varchasva hote. germanychya protestant bhaganmadhye samanya hote tyapramane, sanvidhanane charchala rajyachya niyantranakhali thewale. lutheran aanee sudharit charchani 1817 madhye nasau yetheel, edusteinmadhil unionskirche yethe, ekach protestant church mhanoon ekatra yenyas sahmati darshavali, jyamule teey german mahasanghatil pahile sanyukt protestant church banale.
1804 madhye dekhil nasauche catholic bishapprasad sthapan karnyacha prayatna keela gela, parantu 1821 madhyech nasauche duchy aanee hollie see yanni limbergchya bishapprasad sthapanebabat karar keela, jyachi aupcharik sthapana 1827 madhye jhaali.
pratyaksh charchchya dhoranabarobarach, rajya rajkaran aanee charchchya babinmadhye parasparsanvadache itar mudde hote. dharmik samajache, muktidatachya aadeshanusar, bornhofenmadhye sthalantar kelyane rajya aanee bishop yanchyat sangharsh nirman jhaala. muktidata bornhofenmadhye rahile. durnback yethe sthapan jhaleli yeshu khristachi garib dasee hii aanakhi eka dharmik sanstha hotee, jyane lavkarach bishapprasadatil aajari lokanchi kalji ghenyacha karyabhar swikarla. khalchya staravaril kahee suruvatichya samasyannantar, duchy sarkarne tyanna sahan kele aanee agadi maunane pathimba deela, kaaran tyanna doctorankadun utsahpurn prashansa midali hotee. anek thikani 'rugnalaye' kinwa firnari vaidyakeey kendre sthapan karnyat aalee, jee aadhunik kalatil agraganya hotee.
dukes.
nassauche duke heey nassau gharanyachya valram reshepasoon vyutpann jhaale. nasau gharanyachya valram vanshatil sadasya ajunahi luxembergchya grand duchymadhye (nasau-welberg) rajya karatat. sattadhari grand duke ajunahi duke auph nassau hii shishtachar padvi mhanoon vaparato.
netherlandsche shahee kutumb aurange-nasauchya autonian vanshatoon aale aahe, jeey 1255 madhye walramian vanshapasoon vegale jhaale.
arthvyavastha.
chhotya duchychi aarthik paristhiti anishchit hotee. deshatil bahutansh bhoobhag mittelgaberge hota, jyache krishi moolya qamee hote aanee antargat vahatukisathi eka motha adthala hota. tarihi, eka trutiyanshpeksha jaast loksankhya tyanchya swatachya shetjaminivar kaam karat hotee, jee bhagyakherijchya varshachya parinami lahan bhagat vibhagali gelee hotee. yaa chhotya malkichya bhaganna samanyatah itar strotanmadhun strotanmadhun utpannachi purtata karavi lagat asey-bahutek vela westerwaldmadhye, heey eka vikrete mhanoon sevedware hote. hote bahusankhya karagir hote.
chalan.
duchy heey dakshin german chalan kshetrache hote. tyamule sarvat mahattvacha moolyavarg gilder hota. heey chalan mhanoon vaparnyasathi tayar kele gele hote. 1837 paryant kolonchya chandichya chinhansathi (233.856 gramm) 24 gilder hote. gilder 60 creutzermadhye vibhagala gela hota. chandi aanee tambyachya chhotya tukadyanchi 6,3,1,0 aanee 0.25 gramwar chhapai karnyat aalee.
1816 pasoon, 162 creutzerche (i.eae. 2.7 gilders). 1816 teey 1828 darmyan, duchychi pudina limbergmadhil imaratinmadhye hotee, jee aata bishapchi curia aahet. 1837 pasoon, duchy haah munich chalan kararachya sadasyanpaiki eka hota, jyane 24.5 gilderver chandicha thasa (233.855 jee) nishchit keela. 1838 madhye dresden nanee karar sampalyanantar, theller dekhil kayadeshir chalan hote aanee qamee pramanat tayar kele jaat hote. done dollar heey 3.5 gilderschya samatulya hote. 1842 madhye, eka chaturthansh creutzerche moolya asalelya hellerla sarvat lahan moolya mhanoon sadar karnyat aale. 1857 chya vienna chalan kararanantar, duchyne verinsteller dekhil tayar kele. eka pii. eff. dii. (500 gramm) chandi 52.5 gilled kinwa 30 tellerchya barobarichi hotee. hellerchya jaagi penigechi jaaga ghenyat aalee, jyachi kimmat dekhil eka chaturthansh cretzer itaki hotee.
lands-credit-cass-yojana mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya banknotanchi nirmiti 1840 pasoon lands-credit-casdware vicebaden yethe kelee jaat hotee. tyanche ankit moolya eka, paach, daha aanee panchvis gilder hote.

