dakshin aafriketil wine

dakshin aafriketil winecha itihas 1659 salcha aahe, jyat cape townmadhye tyachi pahili batali tyache sansthapak aanee governor zaan vanne rebeak yanni tayar kelee hotee. aantarrashtriy bajarpethanmadhye praveshamule dakshin aafrikechya madya bajarat naveen guntavanuk jhaali. utpadan cape taunchya aaspas kendrit aahe aanee jawaljawal purnapane paschim cape prantat sthit aahe, jyat pramukh drakshamal aanee utpadan kendre constantia, parl, stellenbosch aanee warcester yethe aahet.
wine auph origine (voo) pranalimadhye sumare 60 apeal aahet, jyachi amalbajavani 1973 madhye niyukt utpadan pradesh, jilhe aanee prabhaganchya padanukramasaha karnyat aalee hotee. voo winemadhye keval mool vishisht bhagatil drakshe asane aavashyak aahe. "eka drakshbagh" wine 6 hectorpeksha qamee kshetrafalachya nirdharit kshetratun yene aavashyak aahe. jarr tyanchi ekatra shetee kelee gelee aanee tyaa thikani daroo tayar kelee gelee tarr "istet wine" shejarchya shetanmadhun yeu shakate. prabhag heey vishisht maticha prakar kinwa hawaman asalele kshetra aahe aanee teey andaje european namvachak samatulya aahe.
itihas.
dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogachi mule dutch east india companychya shodhat sapadatat, jyane aata cape townmadhye puravatha kendra sthapan kele. eka dutch shalyachikitsak, zaan vanne rebeak hyala, kendra vyavasthapit karnyache aanee madya aanee drakshe tayar karnyasathi drakshamalyanchi lagwad karnyache kaam sopavanyat aale hote. bharat aanee purvekade masalyanchya margavar tyanchya samudraparyatanandarmyan navikanmadhye scurvy talhanyasathi haah hetu hota. 1652 madhye landingchya saat varshannantar 2 februwari 1659 roji (vanne rebeakchya logmadhye namood kelyapramane) pahile peak ghetale gele. vanne rebeak nantar cape auph good hopacha governor mhanoon, sayman vanne dair stell yaa vyaktine yaa pradeshatil viticulturechi gunavatta sudharanyacha prayatna keela. 1685 madhye, tyane cape taunchya agadi baher eka mothee malmatta kharedi kelee, aanee constantiy wine estatechi sthapana kelee. vanne dair stellchya mrutyunantar, malmatta kharab jhaali, parantu 1778 madhye jevha tee hendrick cloatene vikat ghetali tevha tiche punarujjivan karnyat aale.
anek utpadakanni wine banavane sodale aanee tyaeivaji vadhatya shahamrugachya pankhanchya udyogala poshan denyasathi baag aanee alfalfa shetat lagwad karane nivadle. jyaa utpadakanni drakshanchi punha lagwad kelee tyanni synsotsarkhya uchch utpann utpann drakshanchya jaatinchi nivad kelee. 1900 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant, 8 kotihoon adhik drakshanchya valyanchi punha lagwad karnyat aalee hotee, jyamule eka madya talav tayar jhaala hota. kahee utpadak sthanik nadya aanee pravahanmadhye vikata naan yenari madya otat asat. puravatha aanee maganimadhil asantulanamule qamee kimmati nirman jhalyane dakshin aafrikechya sarkarla 1918 madhye cooperative wisionbowers verinigging vanne zuid-africa bii. pii. keey. tii. (keey. doubleu. vhee.) chya nirmitisathi nidhi denyas pravrutt kele. eka sahkari mhanoon suruvat jhaali, keey. doubleu. vhee. chee lavkarach shakti vadhali aanee akheris sampoorn dakshin aafrikechya wine udhyogasathi dhorane aanee kimmati nishchit karnyasathi pradhanya midale. daruchya vipulatecha samna karnyasathi, keey. doubleu. vhee. neey utpadan maryadit kele aanee kiman kimmati nishchit kelya jyamule brandy aanee fortified winechya utpadanas protsahan midale.
kele shatkachya bahutansh kalasathi, dakshin aafrikechya madya udyogakade kiman aantarrashtriy laksh vedhale gele. deshachya varnabhed vyavasthechya nishedharth dakshin aafriketil utpadananvar bahishkar takalyamule tyache ektepana aanakhi vadhala. 1990 chya dashakat varnabhed sampeparyant aanee jagatil niryatichi bajarpeth ughadanyaparyant dakshin aafriketil madyanche punarujjivan houu lagale. dakshin aafriketil anek utpadakanni naveen viticultural aanee winemaking tantradnyan twarit sweekarle. paradeshatil udatya wine utpadakanchya upasthitine aantarrashtriy prabhav padala aanee shiraj, caburnet sauvignon aanee chardonne yasarkhya suprasiddha jatinvar laksh kendrit kele. shaktishali keey. doubleu. vhee. sahkaryachi khajgi vyavasayat punarrachanemule aanakhi navkalpana aanee gunavattet sudharana jhaali. jyaa drakshbaganche malak aanee winery purvi kimmat-nirdharan sanrachanevar avalambun hote, jyanni tyanchi atirikt drakshe aasavanasathi kharedi kelee hotee, tyanna darjedar winechya utpadanavar laksh kendrit karoon adhik spardhatmak honyas bhag padale gele. 1990 saalee, kapani kelelya serve drakshanpaiki 30 takkyanhun qamee drakshancha vapar grahak bajarpethet tayar madya utpadanasathi keela jaat hota, tarr urvarit 70 takke drakshanche brandymadhye distilling kele jaat hote, table drakshe aanee rus mhanoon vikale jaat hote kinwa fekale jaat hote. 2003 paryant, tyaa varshi kapani kelelya 70 takkyanhun adhik drakshanchi sankhya ulatoon tee daroo mhanoon grahak bajarpethet pohochali hotee.
hawaman aanee bhoogol.
dakshin africa haah african khandachya tokala vasalela aahe, bahutek madya pradesh atlantic aanee bharatiy mahasagaranchya kinarpattichya prabhavajaval sthit aahet. yaa pradeshanmadhye mukhytah bhoomadhya hawaman aahe jeey tivra suryaprakash aanee koradya ushnatedvare chinhankit kele jaate. hivalyat jaast unchivar sambhavya barfavrushtisaha thund aanee ole asate. vasant rututil danvacha dhoka durmil aahe, bahutek madya kshetranmadhye november aanee april darmyan ubdar vadhicha hangam disato. bahutansh varshik parjanyaman hivalyachya mahinyant hote aanee clain karuchya ardh-valvantasarkhya pradeshapasun teey versester parvatanjavalparyant asate. asate pradeshanmadhye kinwa drackenstein, hottentots holland aanee langberg sarkhya antardeshiy parvat sakhalyanchya pavasachya savalit, aanakhi antardeshiy bhaganpeksha jaast paus padel. dakshin aafrikechya anek prantanmadhye drakshanchya pikasathi sinchan aavashyak aahe. antarcticamadhun yenara benguela pravah dakshin atlantic atlantic thund havah aanato jyamule yaa kshetrache sarasari tapman tulanatmak akshansh asalelya pradeshanpeksha qamee asoo shakate. cape doctor mhanoon olakhala jaanara jordar jordar pravah, kepmadhil winechya bhagat vadali vaare aanato, jyacha vividh burshijanya aanee burshijanya draksh rogancha dhoka maryadit karnyacha tasech aadrata qamee karnyacha sakaratmak fayda aahe, parantu sanrakshit nasalelya drakshanchya drakshanche nuksan dekhil karoo shakato.
februwari aanee march yaa kapanichya mahinyant, dakshin aafriketil anek madya pradeshantil sarasari dainandin tapmanat, jaatee, jalchar aanee naringi nadyanchya sabhovatalachya ubdar antardeshiy nadee nadyanjavalachya, chadhautar hone asamanya nahee. winkler scalever, dakshin aafriketil bahutek wine pradeshanche vargikaran pradesh III sthananmadhye ushnatechi berries aanee degree divas napa prajnan okvhilchya california wine pradeshasarkhech mhanoon kele jaeel. clain karoo aanee douglus yasarkhe ubdar pradesh anukrame pradesh 4 (tuscanysarkhe) aanee pradesh 5 (paschim austreliyatil parthsarkhe) madhye yetat. elgin aanee walker khadee pradeshatil thund hawaman sthalanmadhye naveen lagwad kendrit aahe, jyache vaishishtya bargandi aanee piedmontchya jawalche tapman asalele pradesh II asey aahe.
dakshin aafriketil madya pradesh paschim teey purv aanee uttar-dakshin vyapalelya paschim aanee uttar cape pradeshanmadhye pasarlele aahet. yaa vistrut vistaramadhye, anek antardeshiy parvat sakhali aanee aanee samavisht asalelya yaa kshetrachya adviteey bhoogolane prabhavit jhalelya sthool hawaman aanee drakshmalanchya matichya prakaranchi eka vistrut shreni aahe. ektya stellenbash pradeshat 50 hoon adhik adviteey matiche prakar aahet. sarvasadharanpane, dakshin aafriketil maatee aadrata tikavoon thevate aanee changli nichara karate, chikanmatiche lakshaniy praman (bahutekda rachanechya kiman 25 takke) aanee ph patali sumare 4 asate. matichya ph patalila anekada chuna aanee calcium upcharane samayojit kele jaate. dakshin aafriket aafriket itar matichya prakaranmadhye sthirankatil granite aanee valukashma, elginmadhil shale aanee walker bemadhil erenesius shale yancha samavesh hoto. nadichya nadichya maatee visheshtah chunyane samruddha asoon tyat valoo aanee shelche praman jaast aahe.
aakadevari.
dakshin africa haah jagatil aathva sarvat motha madya utpadak desh aahe aanee jagatil sahava sarvat motha madya niryatdar desh aahe. dakshin africa darvarshi $1 abj (andaje $60 kotee) kimatichya winechi niryat karato. 2022 madhye, 2,613 draksh utpadakanni 536 talgharansathi, ekoon 90,512 hector jameen draksh lagvadisathi vaparali, yaa udhyogane 269,096 lokanna rojgar deela. deshat darvarshi 1.13 abj litter wineche utpadan hote, jyat 81 takke gharguti vapar keela jaato. 2019 madhye rashtriy arthvyavasthet madya udhyogache yogdan ruu. 55 abj hote.
moolcha madya.
1973 madhye tayar karnyat aalelya 'wine auph origine' (doubleu. oo.) karyakramat dakshin aafriketil wine pradeshanchi vyakhya kashee kelee jaate aanee teey wine labelver kase disu shakate heey kayade kele aahet. voo' chey kahee pailu french 'appellation dii origine controlly' (aoc) pranalitoon ghetale gele asale taree 'voo' heey pramukhyane labelingmadhil achukateshi sambandhit aahe aanee parvanagi asalelya jaatee, trailising paddhati, sinchan aanee peak utpadan yasarkhya wine kshetranvar konatehi atirikt niyam thevat nahee. voo pranali antargat madya pradesh chaar shreninpaiki ekachya antargat yetat-sarvat mothe aanee sarvat samanya bhaugolik ekak (jase qee western cape kshetra) jyamadhye lahan, parantu tarihi mothya pramanat paribhashit pradesh (jase qee overberg), tyanantar jilhe (jase walker beey) aanee nantar shevati prabhag (jase qee elgin) yancha samavesh hoto. purv cape prant haah dakshin aafrikecha sarvat alikadil wine pradesh aahe. bhaugolik ekake, pradesh aanee jilhe heey mukhyatve rajkiy simandware paribhashit kele jaatat-prabhag heey mool padacha star aahe jeey sarvat jaast adviteey "bhupradesh" vaishishtyandvare paribhashit kele jaate.
madya pradesh.
2003 paryant, drakshanchya lagvadichya kshetrafalachya babatit dakshin africa 17 vya kramankavar hota, jyaa deshakade jagatil 1.5% drakshbagh aahet. dakshin aafrikechya madya kshetranmadhye varshik utpadan samanyatah sumare 1 kotee etch. ell. (264 dashalaksh yuu. ess. gallen) asate, jeey niyamitpane deshala jagatil pahilya daha madya utpadak deshanmadhye sthan dete. dakshin aafriketil bahutansh madya utpadan kepmadhye, visheshtah kinarpattichya pradeshajavalil nairutya nairutya hote. dakshin aafrikechya wineche aitihasik kendra cape dweepkalp aanee aadhunik cape taunjavalache kshetra aahe. constantiy, stellenbosch aanee parl yaa pramukh madya kshetranche ghar asalyane heey kshetra ajunahi udhyogat pramukh aahe. aaj, sampoorn paschim kepmadhye aanee uttar cape, kwazulu-natal aanee purv cape pradeshanchya kahee bhaganmadhye wine pikavali jaate. prajnan prajnan nadee pradesh, jalchar aanee naringi nadya heey sarvat ubdar kshetranpaiki aahet aanee bahutekda mothya pramanat madya utpadan aanee aasavan karnyache sthan aahet. bharatiy mahasagarachya mahasagarachya cape taunchya purvekadil thund hawaman pradesh, jase qee walker beey aanee elgin, alikadachya varshant prachand vistar aanee vikas pahat aahet kaaran utpadak thund hawaman prakar aanee wine shailincha prayog karatat.
mool jilhyanmadhil kahee ullekhaneey madya khalilpramane aahe.
sthir.
constantia khore heey cape dweepkalpavaril cape taunchya dakshines sthit aahe jeey atlantic mahasagarat jaate. tyachya sthanamule, yaa pradeshala pratyek bajula sagari prabhav prapt hoto jyamule thund prabhav nirman hoto, jyamule unhalyat dirgh, santh pakv honyacha kalavadhi hoto, jethe sarasari dainandin tapman yaa darmyan yete. hiwala anekada madhyam aanee saumya asato parantu varshik parjanyamanasah samanyatah olya asato. yaa pradeshachi maatee pramukhyane dongral valukashmane banaleli aahe, jyat chikanmati aanee graniteche praman jaast aahe. yaa bhagat drakshanchi vistrut shreni vadhate aanee visheshtah sauvignon blankchi nond kelee jaate. yaa bhagat aata 11 madyapethe aahet (andreau, 2017). pharm groot constantia hii sarvat junie wine istet asalyane haah deshatil sarvat juna wine utpadak pradesh aahe. yaa pradeshatil aanakhi eka prasiddha naav clain constantia aahe, jyachi sthapana 1685 madhye cape sayman vanne dair stellchya voke governorne kelee hotee. tyanchi prasiddhi tyachya shikharavar pohochali jevha napolean bonapartne darvarshi 1,126 litter (297 gallen) constantia wine "wiin dii constance" chee magani kelee, jee longwood hausmadhye pathavali jaate, 1815 pasoon seent helenavar nirvasit asalele tyache ghar 1821 madhye tyacha mrutyu hoiparyant.
stellenbosch.
stellenbosch jilha haah dakshin aafriketil constantianantarcha dusra sarvat juna wine pradesh aahe aanee deshachya varshik wine utpadanachya sumare 14 takke bhagasathi jababdar aahe. 1679 madhye pahilyanda lavalele stellenbosch heey cape taunchya purvela aahe. haah pradesh holderberg, symensberg aanee stellenbosch parvatanni vedhalela aahe aanee jawalchya khotya khaditoon kahee hawaman prabhav prapt karato. upasagar havamanala shant karato aanee unhalyachya vadhichya hangamat sarasari tapman jawalpas thevato, bordopeksha kinchit jaast garam. drakshamalyachya matiche prakar dongarajavalachya tekadivar vighatit granitepasoon teey nadyanjavalachya nadyanjavalachya valukamay, jalodh chikanmatiparyant aahet.
stellenbosch-bangohok, batliband, devon khore, johnkershoke khore, papigaibarg, polkadrai tekadya aanee symensberg-stellenbosch heey saat prabhag tyanchya reed wine utpadanasathi prasiddha aahet jeey "teroir" vegalepan darshavtat-visheshtah caburnet sauvignon, merlot, pinotage aanee shiraj. vaiyaktik olakh midavanara symensberg haah pahila wine ward hota. asalelya wineche utpadan chardonne aanee sauvignon blankver kendrit aahe jeey anekada ekatra misalale jaatat. stellenboshchya pashchimekadil bhagat, jase qee batliband aanee elsenbergjavalil bhagat, halakya, valukamay matine samruddha asalelya bhagat shenin blank lagvadicha motha bhag dekhil samavisht aahe.
parl.
20 vya shatkachya bahutansh kalasathi, parl heey serve vyavharik karanansathi dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogache kendra hote. heey keey. doubleu. vhee. chey tasech varshik nederberg wine lilavache ghar hote jithe wintage kinwa estatechi pratishtha sthapit kelee jaau shakate. haloohaloo, dakshinekade stellenboshkade laksh kendrit kele gele, jithe stellenbosch vidyapithane tyachya viticulture aanee winemaking karyakramansah dakshin aafrikechya wine udhyogat adhik pramukh bhoomika bajavali. keey. doubleu. vhee. kadoon khajgi vyavasayakade satta hastantaranamule parlpasoon laksh aanakhi door halavale. tathapi, tyachya prabhagatil, franshock valley aanee velingtonchya "teroir" dware chalavalya pikavalya madyane alikadachya varshant yaa bhagatil swarasya punha jagrut kele aahe.
parl aanee jawalchya tulbagmadhye tayar tayar tatabandiyukt madyala berg nadichya jawal asalelya bobargchya adviteey vogashi sambodhale jaau shakate. heey 2019 madhye radd karnyat aale aanee aata teey manyataprapt label padnam nahee.
franshock khore.
franshock franshock sthapana huguenot vasahatinni kelee hotee, jyanni tyanchya mool francemadhun tyanchya parampara aanee wine banavanyache kaushalya tyanchyabarobar aanale hote. yaa prabhagat kahee uchch unchichya drakshamalyachya thikanancha samavesh aahe, jeey lakshaniy aamlata patalisah purn chavdar asalelya winechi nirmiti karoo shakatat.
franshock haah lavkarach dakshin aafriketil pahila wine pradesh asel, jyane tyachya vainsathi vargikaran pranali (bhavya pratishtha) tayar kelee aahe, jyamadhye semilan, chardonne aanee caburnet sauvignon heey anek dashakanpasun yaa bhagatil sarvat jaast prayatna kelele aanee vishvasarh drakshe mhanoon olakhale jaat aahet.
nadiche khore.
drakenstein parvatanchya purvela sthit breed nadee khore haah eka ubdar hawaman pradesh aahe joou kahee thikani atishay korada aanee shushk asoo shakato. nadee swatach sinchanasathi sulabh pravesh pradan karate jyamule uchch utpann utpann prakarchya mothya pramanat madya utpadan samanya hote. robertson jilha nadichya sarvat jawal galyukt matichya bajoone aanee adhunmadhun calciumyukt jaminichya baherchya bhagavar sthit aahe. sarasari varshik parjanyaman samanyatah qamee asate, jyamule sinchan aavashyak hote. unhalyachya vadhichya hangamat tapman sadharanpane jawalpas asate. chardonne aanee shiraz vainsathi prasiddha asalela bonnywell prabhag haah robertsoncha sarvat ullekhaneey up-pradesh aahe.
deshatil itar konatyahi wine pradeshapeksha adhik vainsathi warcester jilha jababdar aahe, sampoorn dakshin aafrikechya varshik wine utpadanacha eka panchmansh teey eka chaturthansh bhag yaa bhagatoon yeto. du toitchya shikharanchya agadi palikade, nadee nadee vasalelya warcestermadhye eka vistrut supic maidan aahe jeey tyachya koradya, shushk havamanamule sinchanavar avalambun aahe. yaa bhagatil mothya aanee asankhya sahkari sanstha mothya pramanat tatabandiyukt madya tasech muscadel aanee hanneput aadharit mishtann madya tayar karatat. alikadachya varshant, slanghoek prabhag aanee bridecluef jilha botritised aanee dry sauvignon blank winechi yashasvi vaadh karat aahet. warcester jeelhyat serve semilanpaiki jawaljawal ardhe aanee dakshin aafriket lavalelya rubie kaibarnetpaiki eka trutiyansh, colombard aanee chenin blankchya mothya ropansah aahe.
atiaatmavishvas.
thund havamanavaril atiushna pradesh heey dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogatil sarvat alikadil swarasya aanee vikasache thikan rahile aahe, visheshtah chardonne aanee pinot noirchya vadhiv lagvadisah. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant sampoorn kshetrakade farach qamee laksh dile gele aanee 1973 madhye mool wine auph origine karyakramat tyache vargikaran dekhil kele gele nahee. walker beche sagari hawaman aanee cape taunchya poorves asalelya elginchya thund, uchch unchichya drakshamalyanna yaa prakaranche tasech sauvignon blankche utpadan karnyat yash aale aahe.
itar ullekhaneey pradesh.
clain karoo pradeshat (mhanje lahan karoo) ardh-valvant hawaman aahe aanee teey mukhytah mendhya aanee shahamrugpalanasathi olakhale jaat hote. haah pradesh paschimes montagupasoon poorves dii rust gavaparyant pasarlela aahe. calitzdorpmadhye duparnantar suru tayar sagari sagari aanee ratrichya velee thund tapmanamule ubdar tapman qamee hote. yaa bhagatil madya utpadan mukhyatve tatbandi asalelya "bandar-shailichya" madya aanee muskdalesver kendrit aahe.
atlantic prabhavit paschim kinarpattichya pradeshat durbanville, oliphant nadee, picketberg aanee swartland yaa madyanirmiti kshetrancha samavesh aahe. haah pradesh aitihasikdrushtya tyachya mothya, mothya pramanat tayar madya utpadanasathi olakhala jaat asatana, alikadachya varshant utpadakanni priyajavalil groneclufe bhagat sauvignon blankchi lagwad aanee swartlandchya sinchanavina asalelya shetjaminit pinotage yasarkhya utkrusht madya utpadanavar laksh kendrit kele aahe. oliphant nadee pradeshat, chenin blank aanee colombard lokpriy aahet. yaa bhagat dakshin aafriketil sarvat motha ekal sahkari winery-vredendal sahkari dekhil aahe.
narangi nadichya kathavar asalelya uttarekadil cape wine pradeshanmadhye dakshin aafriketil sarvat jaast wine utpadan sanrakshn bhagancha samavesh aahe. 1960 chya dashakat changle sinchan aanee tapman niyantran kinwan tantradnyan upalabdh jhaale tevha yethe madya utpadan haloohaloo suru jhaale. aaj, dakshin aafriket utpadit tayar serve madyapaiki sumare 12 takke-mukhytah mothya sahkari sansthandvare mothya pramanat madya utpadanasathi-yaa kshetrachi jababdari aahe. kimberlechya uttarela asalela hartswater pradesh haah dakshin aafrikecha sarvat uttarekadil wine pradesh aahe.
kwazulu-natalala 2005 madhye bhaugolik ekak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote aanee too dakshin aafriketil sarvat alikadil madya pradeshanpaiki eka aahe. yaa pradeshatil pahili wine istet stables wine istet hotee aanee julai 2006 madhye chhotya aanee judy vanne nickerk yanni yaa pradeshatil mool winechi pahili wine jaaree kelee. stables wine istet 2012 madhye diwalkhor jhaali. kwazulu-natalchya vadhatya wine pradeshat sadhyachi lagwad changli karat aaheh sauvignon blank, pinotage, pinot noir aanee chardonne. saumya unhali tapmanasah, yaa pradeshat dakshin aafriketil sarvat thund drakshamalyancha abhiman aahe.
tyanantar lagechach ronny aanee janette vahananchya agraganya prayatnandvare purvekadil cape pudhe gele. 2009 madhye, harrison hope wine istet dakshin aafrikechya purv cape prantatil pahili wine istet mhanoon nondanikrut jhaali. 2009 madheel merlot hii purv cape pradeshat utpadit keleli pahili pramanit istet wine banoon eastatene punha itihas rachala. amatola parvatanmadhye vasalelya yaa bhagat unhalyat qamee kinwa aadrata nasalele uchch tapman asate. durdaivane, usheera hiim, garpeat, unhalyatil paus aanee duikar hii wine drakshansathi kahee katheen paristhiti banavtat. yaa pradeshat pikavalya pikavalya drakshanmadhye chardonne, merlot, pettit verdot, pinotage, sovingnon blank aanee shiraj yancha samavesh aahe.
itar ullekhaneey prabhag.
shevgyachya khadichya aaspas clain karuchya nairutyela asalelya ruiterbosh prabhagat samanyatah thund hawaman asate, jyacha pramukhyane bharatiy mahasagaracha prabhav asato. yaa bhagat mothya pramanat resling, sauvignon blank aanee pinot noirchi lagwad kelee jaate. olphant nadyanchya dakshinekadil bhagachya poorves asalelya sederbergmadhye dakshin aafriketil kahee sarvat unch drakshamalyancha samavesh aahe, jee tyachyapeksha jaast unchivar lavali gelee aahet.
viticulture.
aitihasikdrushtya dakshin aafriketil drakshmalyanmadhye prati hector 7,000 drakshanchya (prati ekar 2,800 drakshanchya) ghanatevar rovalelya zadachya zadanchya valuchi lagwad kelee jaat asey. phyloxerachya vidhvansanantar, dakshin aafriketil viticultureche laksh gunavattepeksha pramanavar adhik hote. yantrik kapanichya vaparasathi mothya pramanat antar asalelya uchch utpannachya jaatinsah drakshamalyanchi lagwad kelee gelee. kele shatkachya uttaradhat, adhik utpadakanni darjedar madya utpadanavar laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee aanee aadhunik viticultural paddhati swikarlya. prati hector 3,300 (prati ekar 1,300) chya sarasari ghanateparyant drakshanchya biya peralya gelya aanee utpadan 49-56 hl/hector (2.8-3.2 tunn/ekar) paryant qamee thevanyasathi tyanchi chhatani kelee gelee. dakshin aafriket aadhalanara trailisingcha sarvat samanya prakar mhanje ubhya hays roow pranali jee jaminipasoon door thevalelya taravar aadharleli split corden vaparte. drakshanchya pananna vegvegalya taranvar saral prashikshit kele jaate jyamule draksheparyant bharpur suryaprakash pohochu shakato, parantu tyanna suryaprakashapasun vachavanyasathi puresa aachchadan pradan karato. pratyek dorkhandala done teey teen kalya (sambhavya drakshanche samooh) deuun pratyeki chaar teey paach spurse milanyasathi samanyatah drakshanchya velanchi chhatani kelee jaate. kapanichya velee ushnata hii dekhil chintechi baab aahe, kahee winery keval ratri thund tapmanat floodliteskhali kapani karatat.
anek madyakshetranmadhye parjanyamanacha abhav yamule sinchanachi garaj nirman hote. varshala atirikt paanee puravanyasathi favarani yantra aanee thibak sinchan pranalicha vapar keela jaato. aadhunik wine nirmate naveen tantre vikasit karat aahet aanee darjedar wine draksh utpadanachya vikasat panyachya tanavachi bhoomika samajoon ghet aahet. jeey utpadak sinchan karat naheet teey kadhikadhi tyanchya wine labelver vipanan drushtikon mhanoon 'koradi jameen' kinwa 'koradi shetee' haah shabd vapartat. sinchnabarobarach, drakshbagh malkansathi eka mahattvachi chinta mhanje madhmashya aanee babunsasarkhya drakshbagatil kitkancha dhoka. yaa dhokyancha samna karnyasathi, kahee drakshamalyache malak, khadyakruminche naisargik shikari, ladybugs aayat karnyasarkhya ekatmik keetak vyavasthapan (aay. pii. emm.) karyakramancha vapar kartil.
sagari vaare burshi aanee burshijanya dhokyanna door thevatat, tarr olya hivalyachya hangamat dauni burshijanya aanee choornyukt burshijanya (pradeshikdrushtya 'pandhara ganj' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) adhunmadhun dhoka nirman karoo shakatat. kapanichya velechya jawal, botritis dekhil disu shakato, botritised wine utpadan heey uddisht aahe qee nahee yavar avalambun dhokadayak kinwa swagatarh abhyagat mhanoon. roggrast aanee vishanu-sankramit mulancha satha haah aanakhi eka dhoka aahe. phyloxerachya vidhvansanantar, dakshin aafriketil drakshmalyanmadhye american mulancha satha (aajkal samanyatah 99 richter, 110 richter aanee 101-14 mii. gra. tii.) punha lavala gela. yapaiki kahee aayat kelelya mulanchya mulashi corkeychi saal, pankhe aanee patrake yasarkhya vividh vishanucha sansarg jhaala hota, jeey lavkarach itar drakshmalyanmadhye pasarale. yaa vishanu-sankramit drakshanchya valuche ayushya qamee asate aanee prakashsanshleshanat adachani yetat, jyamule drakshanmadhil phenolic sanyuge kharab piku shakatat aanee qamee darjachi wine miloo shakate. 1980 chya dashakapasun, dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogane sansargvirahit rahnyasathi aanee nirogi vishanu-mukt drakshamalyanna protsahan denyasathi prayatna haatee ghetale aahet. yavyatirikt, konatya hawaman aanee madya kshetrat konatya drakshanchya jaatee sarvottam vadhatat heey olakhanyasathi clonal sanshodhanat kaam haatee ghenyat aale aahe.
well sudharana karyakram.
varnabhedacha ant jhalyanantar aanee niryat bajarpetha ughadalyanantar, dakshin aafrikechya madya udyogala jagatil madya bajarat spardhatmak honyasathi lakshaniy shikanyachi karv hotee. udhyogat aadhunik viticultural samaj aananyasathi well sudharana karyakram (vhee. aay. pii.) sthapan karnyat aala. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat suru karnyat aalelya pahilya tappyat vishanu-mukt aanee utpadan niyantrit sanrakshn mulancha satha tasech clonal sanshodhanavar laksh kendrit kele gele. sadhya suru asalela dusra tappa, drakshanche prakar, pratirup aanee mulanchya vividh sanyojananna vishisht 'teroir' shhee julvanyavar laksh kendrit karato, jeey darjedar wine tayar karoo shakate. gelya 20 + varshant, vhee. aay. pii. chya kamamule dakshin aafriketil madya udyogala viticultural pragatimadhye aaghadivar aanale aahe.
wine banavane aanee wine.
dakshin aafriketil wine banavanyachya parampara parampara junya jaagtik wine banavanyachya aanee naveen wine banavanyachya sankarikaranache pratinidhitva karatat. varnabhedachya samaptipasun, anek utpadak jaagtik bajarpethet yashasvi houu houu adhik "aantarrashtriy" shailichya winechya nirmitivar kaam karat aahet. france, spain aanee california yetheel vimanatil wine utpadakanni dakshin aafriket naveen tantre aanee shaili aanalya aahet. 1980 chya dashakat, aambavani aanee vruddhatvasathi okchya nalya vaparane lokpriy jhaale. dakshin aafriket chaptalisation vapar bekaydeshir aahe kaaran deshatil ubdar havamanamule daroo utpadanasathi pureshi sakhar aanee alcoholchi patali prapt karane gair-samasyapurn tharate. wine utpadakanmadhye qamee aamlata patalichya samasya adhik vela asatat jyasathi tartaric esidsarkhya atirikt aamlansah purakata aavashyak asate.
aaj dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogache laksh visheshtah adhik niryat karnyayogya aanee fashionable laal drakshanchya prakaransah, madya utpadanachi gunavatta vadhavnyavar kendrit aahe. paramparikpane, dakshin aafriketil laal winechi dehati swadansah rachana khadbadit asalyachi pratishtha hotee. yaa madyanche varnan karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya africans shabd 'dickwoate' chaa shabdasha arth 'jaad paay' assa hoto. drakshmalyanmadhye, utpadakanni changlya pakvatesathi utpadan niyantranavar laksh kendrit kele, tarr wine utpadakanni mauu, mansal wine tayar karnyasathi aadhunik tantracha vapar keela. tapman niyantran kinwan tasech niyantrit malolectic kinwan adhik vyapakpane vaparale jaat hote tasech sthirikaranache sadhan mhanoon galanukivar qamee avalambun hote.
cape poort-shailichi wine.
dakshin aafrikechya madya udyogala, bolchalchya bhashet 'cape poort' mhanoon olakhalya pikavalya, tatbandi kelelya madya utpadanacha pradirgh itihas aahe (jaree 'poort' haah shabd european yuniyandware sanrakshit aahe aanee keval portugalchya dauro pradeshatil madyancha sandarbh deto). hii wine shiraj aanee pinotage yasarkhya vividh drakshanpasun tasech tinta baroka, touriga national, suzao aanee fernao pires yasarkhya portugij jatinpasoon tayar kelee jaate. yaa madyansathi alcoholchi kiman patali 16.5-22% asane aavashyak aahe. cape portchya anek shaili tyanchya portugij samkakshanna jawalun samantar aahet aanee tyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
itar majboot aanee god madya.
bandar-shailichya wine vyatirikt, dakshin aafriketil wine utpadak solera pranalimadhye tayar kelelya "sherry-shailichya" winechi aanee maskatmadhun banavalelya "wiin dii licker" chee dekhil nirmiti karatat, jyala "jerepigo" (kinwa "gerepico") mhanatat. jerepigo" saha, aambavanyachya aadhi aavashyak asalelya padarthat brandy misalali jaate, jyamule winemadhye kiman 160 gramm prati litterchi shillak sakhar (aar. ess.) patali rahate. dakshin aafrikechya usheera kapanichya mishtann madyanchya pradirgh itihasat aadhunik kalatil 'edel laat-oz' madyancha samavesh aahe, jeey uttam sadanane sankramit aahet (sthanik patalivar 'edelcure' mhanoon olakhale jaatat) aanee tyat prati litter kiman 50 gramm avashisht sakhar asate. laat-oz' asey label asaleli wine usheera kapalya gelelya drakshanpasun tayar kelee jaate, parantu botritisne sankramit hott nahee. yaa madyanmadhye alcoholche praman kiman 10 takke aanee sakharechi urvarit patali prati litter 10 teey 30 gramm darmyan asane aavashyak aahe. 30 gramm ruu. peksha jaast asalelya winela 'spacial laat-oz' kinwa 'vishesh usheera kapani' mhatale jaau shakate, jyacha arth assa houu shakato qee botritisne sankramit jhalelya kahee drakshancha vapar keela gela hota.
chamakdar wine.
dakshin aafriketil chamakdar madya charmet aanee paramparik "shampen paddhat" yaa donhidware tayar kele jaate. dakshin aafriket tayar tayar pahilya shampen paddhatitil madya 1971 madhye simonsig estatemadhun (stellenboshmadhye) aale. dakshin aafriketil chamakdar madya vegale karnyasathi (aanee 'shampen' aanee 'shampenois' yaa shabdache sanrakshn sanrakshn european unionchya niyamanche palan karnyasathi), yaa paramparik batliband aambavalelya paddhatimadhye banavalelya madyala method cap classic (kinwa emm. see. see.) asey label dile jaate. hii wine paramparikpane sauvignon blank aanee chenin blank vaparoon tayar kelee gelee aahe, parantu alikadchya varshant chardonne, pinot noir aanee pinot muniorchi paramparik "shampen drakshe" adhik vaparali jaat aahet. pinotejpasoon banavaleli laal chamakdar wine dekhil aadhalu shakate.
label kayade.
dakshin aafrikecha labeling kayada mukhyatve bhaugolik utpattivar laksh kendrit karato, joou mool kayadyachya madyanchya kakshet yeto. jarr drakshamal sarkarkade nondanikrut asel aanee drakshanchya utpadanat vaparleli serve drakshe tyaa drakshamalyat ghetali gelee asateel tarr, ekach drakshamalyat niyukt keleli drakshanchi nirmiti kelee jaau shakate. istet' haah shabd aata bhaugolik utpattiche padd mhanoon patra nasla taree, serve drakshe pikavali gelee aanee wine tyach malmattevar vikali gelee aanee batliband kelee gelee, tarihi winery ajunahi 'istet wine' asey label lavu shakatat. dakshin aafrikeche wine andd spirit board eka aichchhik karyakram chalavate joou dakshin aafrikechya winela labelingmadhil gunavatta aanee achukatesathi "pramanit" karnyas anumati deto. yaa pramanan prakriyeantargat, junya kalatil winemadhye tyaa junya varshat kapani kelelya kiman 85 takke drakshancha samavesh asane aavashyak aahe. vividh prakarchya madyanmadhye soochibaddha prakaranpaiki kiman 85 takke prakar asane aavashyak aahe. cabernet sauvignon aanee pinotage mishran yasarkhya mishrananmadhye, donhi prakarchya madyanche swatantrapane vinification kele gele asel tarr labelver donhi prakar soochibaddha asoo shakatat. jyaa drakshanche 'saha-kinvit' kele gele aahe, jyamadhye drakshe chiraleli aanee shiraj-vigniyarsarkhya winified donhi aahet, tee donhi prakaranchi yadee karoo shakat nahee. 2006 paryant, sumare 35 takke cape winery yaa swayamsevi karyakramat sahbhagi jhalya hotya.
drakshanche prakar.
dakshin aafriketil drakshanchya jaatinna 'kaltiwar' mhanoon olakhale jaate, anek samanya aantarrashtriy jaatee sthanik samanarthi shabd vikasit karatat jyanchi ajunahi vaparanyachi majboot parampara aahe. yamadhye asey samavisht aaheh chenin blank (stein), resling (alikadeparyant sthanik patalivar vesar resling mhanoon olakhale jaanare), crouchen (cape resling mhanoon olakhale jaanare), palomino (sthanik patalivar 'white french' mhanoon olakhalya pikavalya spanish wine shericha draksh), trebabiyano (ugni blank), semilan (grondruiff) aanee muscut auph alekzandriya (hanneput). tathapi, paradeshat anekada niryat kelya pikavalya wineche samanyatah wine labelver adhik aantarrashtriy staravar manyataprapt naav disel. 2015 madhye, soisne (dakshin aafriketil madya mahitee aanee pranali) nondavale qee deshat 100,146 hector drakshamale aahet, jyat sumare 55 takke asalelya jaatinchi lagwad kelee aahe. jaree drakshamalyachya ekoon kshetrafalachya pramanat haloohaloo qamee hott asale, taree 2015 paryant dakshin aafriket lavalelya serve drakshanchya kshetrafalachya 18 takkyanhun adhik bhagasathi ajunahi yogdan denari, chenin blank hii sarvat mothya pramanat lagwad keleli jaat aahe. 1980 aanee 1990 chya dashakat, aantarrashtriy jatinmadhil swarasya chardonne aanee sauvignon blankchya lagvadimadhye vaadh jhaali. lakshaniy lagwad asalelya asalelya drakshanchya itar prakaranmadhye colombard (sthanik patalivar colomber mhanoon dekhil lihile jaate), cape risalin, geverztraminer, hanneput, muscut blank aii pattits grains, risalin aanee semilan yancha samavesh hoto. muscut blankche laal aanee pandhare donhi utparivartak tasech chenel aanee veldra, done chenin blank-ugni blank crossing, brandy distillation aanee fortified wine utpadanasathi vaparale jaatat.
1990 chya dashakapasun laal drakshanchya jaatinchya lagvadimadhye satatyane vaadh jhaali. jhaali dashakachya uttaradhat, dakshin aafriket pikavalya pikavalya serve drakshanpaiki 18 takkyanhun qamee draksh laal rangachya hotya. 2009 paryant hii sankhya 44 takkyanparyant vadhali hotee. 20 vya shatkachya bahutansh kalasathi, uchch utpadan denari synsot hii laal drakshanchi sarvat mothya pramanat lagwad keleli jaat hotee, parantu darjedar wine utpadanavar laksh kendrit karnyachya badalamule drakshanchi lagwad 2009 madhye dakshin aafrikechya serve drakshachya malyanpaiki keval 2 takke hotee, tyakade satatyane qamee hott gelee aahe. tyachya jaagi, caburnet sauvignon, shiraj aanee pinotage hii 2009 madhye serve lagvadipaiki 12 takke vyapanari sarvat mothya pramanat vadhanari laal drakshanchi jaat caburnet sauvignon asalyane pramukhata prapt jhaali aahe. dakshin aafriket aafriket laal drakshanchya itar prakaranmadhye carrigonan, gamme (anekada carbonic mackerations beausolice winechya shailit banavaleli), grenech, pettit verdot, caburnet phrank, pontech, rubie caburnet, tinta barendell aanee zimphandale yancha samavesh aahe.
qamee dnyat gatanchi eka vistrut shreni aahe jee deshatil ajunahi majboot aasavanyukt madya aanee sanrakshit madya udyogala ann puravanyasathi vaparali jaate. hii drakshe sahasa saumya, tatasth madya tayar karatat jee mishran aanee aasavan karnyasathi swatahla changle dete parantu kvachitach vividh prakarchya batalya mhanoon pahili jaate. yamadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh billies, fauls pedro, kanan, kishmish blank, sultana aanee sarvan.
pinotage.
pinot noar aanee synsotche paar karnare pinotage, dakshin aafrikechya wine udhyogachya sadhyachya fashionmule tyachya lagvadi vadhalya aanee ghasaralya aahet. aaj, dakshin aafriketil laal drakshanchi hii dusari sarvat mothya pramanat lagwad keleli jaat aahe. dakshin aafriketil drakshanchi vishisht vividhata banavoo ichchinare samarthak asale taree, jagatil itar konatyahi wine pradeshane tyachya doshanmule hii vividhata lavali nahee yaa drakshanchya nondinche tikakar aahet. 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila, varnabhed sampushtat aala aanee jagatil madya bajarpeth ughadat asatana, dakshin aafriketil madyanirmatyanni shiraz aanee caburnet sauvignon sarkhya adhik aantarrashtriy manyataprapt jaatinchya bajoone pinotejkade durlaksh kele. kele shatkachya akheris drakshanche bhagya badaloo lagale aanee aanee itar konatyahi dakshin africi drakshanpeksha tyache darr jaast hote. cape blends' madhye haah eka aavashyak ghatak (30-70%) aahe. yethe teey sahaj pinyayogya chaufer wine aanee rozpasoon teey talgharasathichya baryl-aij vainparyantchya shailinchya sampoorn shreneet banavale jaate. heey tatbandi asalelya "bandar-shaili" madhye aanee agadi laal chamkanari winemadhye dekhil banavale jaate. draksh heey wine banavanyachya shailivar khoop avalambun asoo shakate, jyachi uttam udaharane khol rangeet, falanchi wine tayar karanyachi kshamata asaleli aahet jee lavkar tasech vayanusar upalabdh houu shakatat. tathapi, yaa vividhatechya tikakarancha assa vishvas aahe qee yaa vividhateche dosh-hiravya vanaspatinchi chav aanee tannins aanee kelee aanee nell polish actate sugandh vikasit honyachi sanvedansheelata-grahak bajarpethet bajarpethet pinotagechya aanakhi anek udaharananmadhye aahet. 2001 madhye pinotajne tyachya shikharavar pohochat, ekoon drakshamalyachya kshetrafalachya 7.3 takke bhag vyapala, parantu tyanantar teey 6 takkyanparyant qamee jhaale aahe.
mahattvachya sanstha.
dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogache netrutva khajgi kshetratil aanee sarkari sansthandvare anek shaktishali sansthanni kele aahe. jagatil itar naveen madya pradeshanpramane, dakshin aafriketil madya udhyogavar anek mothya sahkari sansthancha motha prabhav aahe. dakshin aafriketil madya udyogala sthir aanee vadhavanyasathi dakshin aafrikechya sarkarchya nidhi aanee protsahanadvare pratham tayar karnyat aaleli sahkari sanstha koperativ wisionbowers verinigging vanne zuid-africa bii. pii. keey. tii. (keey. doubleu. vhee.) hotee. keey. doubleu. vhee. hii aata khajgi malkichi wine banavnari sahkari sanstha asalyane, tichya kahee niyamak niyamak dakshin aafrikechya wine andd spirit bordasarkhya itar sansthankade gelya aahet. wine andd spirit board swayamsevi pramanpatra karyakram chalavate, joou dakshin aafriketil winela labelingmadhil gunavatta aanee achukatesathi "pramanit" karanyachi parvanagi deto. labeling vividh margdarshak tattvanchya adheen asanyavyatirikt, tadnyanchya paneldware gunvattesathi winechi chav aandhali asate aanee doshansathi vishleshanatmak chachanidware dilee jaate. junya aanee vividh prakarchya labeling margdarshak tattvanpramanech, yaa chachanya aichchhik aahet, parantu chachanisathi sadar naan kelelya wine aarogyachya aavashyaktansathi yadruchchik chachanisathi jababdar aahet.
wine andd spirits board dakshin aafriketil wine udyog trust (soit) dekhil chalavate aanee soitchya vipanan aanee vikasasathi nidhi puravate. dakshin aafrikeche sarkar aanee keey. doubleu. vhee. yanchyatil sanyukt kararadvare 1999 madhye sthapan kelele, 36.9 kotee rand ($46 dashalaksh americi dollar) tayar karnare soice, paradeshat dakshin aafrikechya winechya niryat bajarpethela protsahan denyasathi aanee naveen tantradnyan aanee shikshanachya vikasasathi kaam karate. yavyatirikt, dakshin aafrikechya madya udhyogat krishnavarniy samudayachya sahbhagala protsahan denyasathi sayas krishnavarniy aarthik sakshamikaran (madhmashi) karyakramasah kaam karate-jyat drakshamalyanchi aanee madya karkhanyanchya malkichya sandhincha samavesh aahe.
dakshin aafriketil madya spardha.
wine changlya darjachi aahe qee nahee aanee tee tyachya charitryashi susangat aahe qee nahee yache moolyankan karnyasathi wine spardha aayojit kelya jaatat. dakshin aafriketil sarvat pramukh madya spardhanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh

