
aay. pii. multimedia upapranali

aay. pii. multimedia upapranali kinwa aay. pii. multimedia coor network upapranali (aay. emm. ess.) hii aay. pii. multimedia seva denyasathi pramanit sthapatya rachana aahe. aitihasikdrushtya, mobile phone aay. pii. packett-switch kelelya networkwar katekorpane naan karata circuit-switch kelelya-shailichya networkwar voice coll seva pradan kelya aahet. aavaj (vhee. oo. aay. pii.) kinwa itar bahumadhyam seva pradan karnyachya paryayi paddhati smartphonever upalabdh jhalya aahet, parantu tyaa sampoorn udhyogat pramanit jhalelya naheet. aay. emm. ess. hii eka sthapatya rachana aahe jee asey pramanikaran pradan karate.
aay. emm. ess. chee rachana jee. ess. emm. chya palikade mobile network vikasit karnyachya drushtikonacha eka bhag mhanoon, wireless standards boddy third generation partnership project (3jee. pii. pii.) neey moolatah kelee hotee. tyache mool sootra (3jee. pii. pii. aar. ell.-5) jee. pii. aar. ess. varr internet seva pradan karnyachya drushtikonache pratinidhitva karate. wireless lann, see. dii. emm. aii. 2000 aanee fixed lines yasarkhya jee. pii. aar. vyatirikt itar networkchya samarthanachi aavashyakta bhasalyane hii drushti nantar 3jee. pii. pii., 3jee. pii. pii. 2 aanee eae. tii. ess. aay. tispandware adyayavat karnyat aalee.
aay. emm. ess. jithe shakya asel tithe aay. aay. tii. eff. protocol vaparte.jee.satra prarambh protocol (siip). 3jee. pii. pii. nusar, aay. emm. ess. chaa uddesh anuprayoganche pramanikaran karane haah nahee, tarr wireless aanee wireline terminals, mhanje, pasoon multimedia aanee voice anuprayoganchya praveshas madat karane haah aahe.eae., fixed-mobile conversions (eff. emm. see.) chey eka swaroop tayar karane. heey aadva niyantran thurr thevun kele jaate jeey pravesh jaale seva tharapasoon vegale karate. tarkik sanrachanechya drushtikonatun, sevanna tyanchi swatachi niyantran karye asanyachi aavashyakta nahee, kaaran niyantran thurr haah eka samanya aadva thurr aahe. tathapi, amalbajavanimadhye heey qamee kharch aanee guntaguntimadhye adhik badal ghadavate asey nahee.
wired aanee wireless networkwar sevanchya pravesh aanee tartudisathi paryayi aanee parasparvirodhi tantradnyanamadhye samanya pravesh network, softswitt aanee 'necked' sipche sanyojan samavisht aahe.
paramparik wireless/fixed operatorschya niyantranabaheril yantrana vaparoon samagri aanee samparkanmadhye pravesh karane adhikadhik sope hott asalyane, aay. emm. ess. chya hitsambandhanna aavhan dile jaat aahe.
aay. emm. ess. varr aadharit jaagtik manakanchi udaharane mhanje emm. emm. tail. jee voice over ell. tii. eae. (volt), vaay-phay colling (wifi), video over ell. tii. eae. (vilt), ess. emm. ess./emm. emm. ess. over vaay. phay. aanee ell. tii. eae., yuu. ess. dii. over ell. tii. eae. aanee samruddha sampreshan seva (aar. see. ess.), jyala joyne kinwa pragat sandesh mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, aanee aata aar. see. ess. hii operatorchi amalbajavani aahe. aar. see. ess. neey pudhe upasthiti/eae. aii. bii. (vardhit patta pustika) karyakshamta dekhil jodali.
itihas.
kahee operatorni aay. emm. ess. laa virodh keela kaaran teey guntaguntiche aanee mahagade manale jaat hote.
pratisad mhanoon, aay. emm. ess. chee eka cutt-daun aavrutti-ell. tii. eae. networkwar aavaj aanee ess. emm. ess. laa samarthan denyasathi pureshi aay. emm. ess.-2010 madhye voice over ell. tii. eae. (volt) mhanoon paribhashit aanee pramanit karnyat aalee.
vastukala.
aakrutitil pratyek karya khalee spasht kele aahe.
aay. pii. multimedia coor network upapranali hii pramanit interfacedware jodaleli vividh karyancha sangrah aahe, jee vann aay. emm. ess. prashasakeey network mhanoon gatbaddh kelee jaate. karya heey node (hardware boxes) naheeh amalbajavani karnara eka nodmadhye done karye ekatra karnyasathi kinwa ekach karyala done kinwa adhik nodesmadhye vibhajit karnyasathi swatantra asato. pariman, bhaar santulan kinwa sanghatanatmak samasyansathi pratyek node ekach jaalyamadhye anek vela upasthit asoo shakato.
pravesh network.
vaparkarta aay. emm. ess. shhee vividh prakare jodale jaau shakato, jyapaiki bahutek manak aay. pii. vapartat. aay. emm. ess. terminal (jase qee mobile phone, vaiyaktik digital sahayyak (pii. dii. aii.) aanee sanganak), teey dusya networkmadhye kinwa deshat (bhet dilelya networkmadhye) firat asale tarihi thet aay. emm. ess. varr nondani karoo shakatat. keval garaj ashee aahe qee teey aay. pii. vaparu shakatat aanee vaparkartyache agent chalvu shakatat. nishchit pravesh (udaa.jee.digital grahak line (dii. ess. ell.), kebal modem, ethernet, eff. tii. tii. ex.), mobile pravesh (udaa.jee. 5G nr, lte, W-CDMA, cdma2000, gsm, gprs) aanee wireless pravesh (udaa.jee., doubleu. ell. aii. aine., wymax) heey serve samarthit aahet. sadhya junya durdhvani seva (bhandi-junya analogue durdhvani), h.323 aanee ims-susangat nasalelya pranali yasarkhya itar durdhvani pranalinna praveshdvaradvare aadhar deela jaato.
mukhya jaale.
etch. ess. ess.-gharcha grahak serverh
hoome subscriber server" (etch. ess. ess.), kinwa "yujar profile server function" (yuu. ess. eff.), haah eka master yujar databases aahe joou aay. emm. ess. network ghatakanche samarthan karato jeey pratyakshat coll hatalatat. tyat sadasyatvashi sambandhit mahitee (grahak profile) asate, vaparkartyache pramanikaran aanee adhikrutata karate aanee grahak sthan aanee aay. pii. mahitibaddal mahitee pradan karoo shakate. heey jee. ess. emm. hoome location register (etch. ell. aar.) aanee pramanikaran kendra (aii. oo. see.) sarkhech aahe.
jevha anek etch. ess. ess. vaparale jaatat tevha vaparkartyachya pattyancha nakasha kadhanyasathi 'grahak sthan karya' (ess. ell. eff.) aavashyak asate.
vaparkartyachi olakhah
aay. emm. ess. shhee sambandhit vividh olakh asoo shakatatah aay. pii. multimedia private identity (aay. pii. aay. pii.), aay. pii. multimedia public identity (aay. pii. emm. pii. yuu.), jaagtik staravar margastha karata yenyajoga yujar agent yuu. aar. aay. (gru. yuu.), wildcarded public yujar identity. impy aanee impu heey donhi durdhvani kramank kinwa ankanchi itar malika naheet, tarr eksaman sansadhan olakhakarta (yoori) aahet, jeey ank (tail yoori, jase qee "telah + 1-555-123-4567") kinwa alphanumeric olakhakarta (siip yoori, jase qee "sipah johnn") asoo shakatat.doe@example.com ").
aay. pii. multimedia khajgi olakhah
aay. pii. multimedia private identity" (aay. pii. aay.) hii hoome network operatorne niyukt keleli eka adviteey kayamswarupi vatap keleli jaagtik olakh aahe. tyat network access identifier (aine. aay. aay.) i chey roop aahe.eae. vaparkarta.name@domain, aanee udaharanarth, nondani, adhikrutata, prashasana aanee lekha uddeshansathi vaparale jaate. pratyek aay. emm. ess. vaparkartyala eka impy asel.
aay. pii. multimedia sarvajanik olakhah
aay. pii. multimedia sarvajanik olakh" (impu) konatyahi vaparkartyadvare itar vaparkartyanna (udaa.jee. heey vyavasay cardver samavisht kele jaau shakate). yala nondicha patta (aii. oo. aar.) asehi mhanatat. prati impy anek impu asoo shakatat. impu dusya phones dekhil samayik keela jaau shakato, jenekarun doghanparyant samaan olakhisah pohochata yeil (udaharanarth, sampoorn kutumbasathi ekach phone-number).
jaagtik staravar margkraman karnyayogya vaparkarta pratinidhi yuu. aar. aay.:
"jaagtik staravar margkraman karnyayogya vaparkarta agent yoori" (gru) hii eka olakh aahe jee impu aanee ue udaharananche eka adviteey sanyojan olakhate. 
gruche done prakar aaheth sarvajanik-gru (pii-gru) aanee tatpurte gru (tii-gru). 
wildcard kelele sarvajanik vaparkarta olakhah
wildcarded public yujar identity' heey ekatra gatbaddh kelele impu sanch vyakt karate.
etch. ess. ess. grahak detabasemadhye impu, impy, aay. emm. ess. aay., emm. ess. aay. ess. dii. aine., grahak seva profile, seva triggers aanee itar mahitee asate.
coll satra niyantran karya (see. ess. see. eff.).
aay. emm. ess. madheel siip signalling packetswar prakriya karnyasathi siip server kinwa proxichya anek bhoomika, jyanna ektritpane coll session controll function (see. ess. see. eff.) mhanatat, tyaa vaparlya jaatat.
anuprayog server.
anuprayog server (mhanoon) seva hoost aanee karyanvit karatat aanee ess. see. ess. see. eff. saha interfaces karatat. 3jee. pii. pii. madhye vikasit kelya jaananya application serverche eka udaharan mhanje voice coll continuity function (vhee. see. see. server). pratyaksh sevenusar, ess. pii. proxy mode, ess. pii. yuu. aii. (yujar agent) mode kinwa ess. pii. bii. 2buah modmadhye kaam karoo shakate. jase qee hoome networkmadhye kinwa bahya truteey-pakshachya networkmadhye sthit asoo shakate. jarr teey hoome networkmadhye asel tarr teey etch. ess. ess. laa vyasasah ess. etch. kinwa ess. aay. interfaces (siip-aii. ess. sathee) chaukashi karoo shakate.
karyatmak model.
aes-aay. ell. see. emm. (application server-incoming legg controll model) aanee aes-oo. ell. see. emm. (application server-outgoing legg controll model) heey vyavhar sthitee sanchayit karatat aanee karyanvit kelya jaananya vishisht sevenusar paryayipane satra sthitee sanchayit karoo shakatat. 
yenanya payasathi ess-see. ess. see. eff. (aay. ell. see. emm.) laa aay. ell. see. emm. interfaces aanee baher jaananya payasathi ess-see. ess. see. eff. (oo. ell. see. emm.) laa aay. ell. see. emm. interfaces.
anuprayog tarkshastra seva (seva) pradan karate aanee aay. ell. see. emm. aanee aay. ell. see. emm. darmyan parasparkriya karate.
sarvajanik sevechi olakh.
sarvajanik seva olakh (pii. ess. aay.) hii ashee olakh aahe jee anuprayog sarvhardvare hoost kelelya seva olakhate. vaparkartyachi olakh mhanoon, pii. ess. aay. ektar ghot kinwa teel yooriche roop ghete. pii. ess. aay. ektar eka vegala pii. ess. aay. mhanoon kinwa wildcarded pii. ess. aay. mhanoon etch. ess. ess. madhye sathavale jaatatah
madhyam server.
madhyam sansadhan karya" (emm. aar. eff.) madhyam hatalani (udaa.jee. aavaj pravah mishran) aanee swar aanee ghoshananche vajavane.
pratyek emm. aar. eff. pudhe 'media resource function controller' (emm. aar. eff. see.) aanee 'media resource function processor' (emm. aar. eff. pii.) madhye vibhagalela aahe.
madhyam sansadhan dalal" (emm. aar. bii.) hii eka karyatmak sanstha aahe jee yogya prakashit emm. aar. eff. mahitichya sankalanasathi aanee emm. aar. eff. sarkhya upbhogi sansthanna yogya emm. aar. eff. mahitee puravanyakarta jababdar aahe. emm. aar. bii. done paddhatinmadhye vaparla jaau shakatoh
breakout getway.
breakout getway controll function' (bii. jee. see. eff.) heey eka siip proxy aahe jeey ess-see. ess. see. eff. neey satra dii. aine. ess. kinwa enam/dii. aine. ess. vaparoon margastha kele jaau shakat nahee heey nirdharit kele asatana ess-see. ess. see. eff. kadoon margkramanasathichya vinantyanvar prakriya karate. yaat durdhvani kramankanvar aadharit margkraman karye samavisht aahet.
pii. ess. tii. aine. praveshdwar.
pii. ess. tii. aine. circuit switched (see. ess.) networks pii. ess. tii. aine./see. ess. getway interfaces. signalsathi, see. ess. network sandesh hastantaran bhagavar (emm. tii. pii.) aay. ess. dii. aine. vaparkarta bhag (aay. ess. yuu. pii.) (kinwa bii. aay. see. see.) vapartat, tarr aay. emm. ess. aay. pii. varr siip vaparte. madhyamansathi, see. ess. network puls-code modulation (pii. see. emm.) vapartat, tarr aay. emm. ess. real-time transport protocol (aar. tii. pii.) vapartat.
madhyam sansadhane.
madhyam sansadhane heey teey ghatak aahet jeey madhyam staravar karya karatat aanee aay. emm. ess. chya mukhya karyanchya niyantranakhali asatat. visheshtah, "media server" (ms) aanee "media getway" (emm. jee. doubleu.)
aine. jee. aine. aantarjodani.
pudhil pidhitil networking parasparsanvadache done prakar aaheth
aine. jee. aine. aantarjodani paddhat pratyaksh kinwa apratyaksh asoo shakate. thet parasparsambandh mhanje konatyahi madhyavarti network domenshivay done network domenmadhil parasparsambandh hoy. eka tharavaril apratyaksh parasparsambandh mhanje done jaale kshetranmadhil parasparsambandh aanee eka kinwa adhik madhyavarti jaale kshetra (kshetra) heey sankraman jaale mhanoon kaam karatat. madhyavarti jaale kshetra (oo) itar done jaale kshetranna sankraman karyakshamta pradan karatat. seva star sanket aanee madhyam rahdari vahoon nenyasathi vividh paraspar jodani paddhati vaparlya jaau shakatat.
charge.
jeey vaparkarte tyanchya sevansathi veloveli paise detat (udaa.jee., mahinyachya shevati). online shulk, jyala patt-aadharit shulk mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, tyacha vapar purv-dey sevansathi kinwa postpaid sevanchya real-time patt niyantranasathi keela jaato. donhi ekach satrasathi lagoo kele jaau shakatat.
"charging function address" heey pratyek aay. emm. ess. sansthanna vitarit kelele patte aahet aanee pratyek sansthela chargingchi mahitee pathvanyasathi eka samaan sthan pradan karatat. "charging deta function" (see. dii. eff.) patte offline billingsathi aanee online billingsathi "online charging function" (oo. see. eff.) vaparale jaatat.
aay. emm. ess.-aadharit paces architecture.
aay. emm. ess.-aadharit paces (pii. ess. tii. aine. anukaran pranali) analogue upkarananna aay. pii. network seva pradan karate. aay. emm. ess.-aadharit paces aay. emm. ess. nasalelya upkarananna samanya siip vaparkarte mhanoon aay. emm. ess. laa disanyachi parvanagi dete. manak analogue interfacecha vapar karoon analogue terminal aay. emm. ess.-aadharit pesashi done prakare jodale jaau shakateh
aii-mgw aanee vgw yaa doghannahi sevanchi mahitee nahee. teey fakt pii. ess. tii. aine. terminalvar aanee tethoon coll controll signalling rile karatat. satra niyantran aanee hatalani aay. emm. ess. ghatkandware kelee jaate.
satra hatalani.
aay. emm. ess. chya sarvat mahattvachya vaishishtyanpaiki eka mhanje, siip anuprayogala gatishil aanee bhinnatene (vaparkartyachya profilever aadharit) suru karanyachi parvanagi dene, ess-see. ess. see. eff. madhye filter-aanee-punarnirdeshit sanket yantrana mhanoon lagoo kele jaate.
ess-see. ess. see. eff. heey filter nikash lagoo karoo shakate, jenekarun siip vinantya pudhe pathvanyachi garaj tharavata yeil. heey lakshat ghene mahattvache aahe qee mool pakshasathi seva mool networkmadhye lagoo kelya jaatil, tarr samapt karnarya pakshasathi seva samapt honanya networkmadhye lagoo kelya jaatil, serve sambandhit ess-see. ess. see. eff. madhye.
prarambhik filter nikash.
prarambhik filter nikash (aay. eff. see.) heey niyantran tarkshastrache varnan karnyasathi vaparale jaanare ex. emm. ell.-aadharit swaroop aahe. aay. eff. see. heey vaparkartyachya anuprayogasathichya tartudi kelelya sadasyatvache pratinidhitva karatat. teey aay. emm. ess. sadasyatva profilecha bhag mhanoon etch. ess. ess. madhye sangrahit kele jaatat aanee vaparkartyachya nondanivar (nondanikrut vaparkartyansathi) kinwa maganivar prakriya kelyavar (nondanikrut vaparkarte mhanoon kaam karananya sevansathi) ess-see. ess. see. eff. varr download kele jaatat. aay. eff. see. heey nondanichya sampoorn ayushyabhar kinwa vaparkartyache profile badallyashivay vaidh asatat.
aay. eff. see. khalilpramane banaleli aaheh
aay. eff. see. chey done prakar aaheth
prarambhik aay. emm. ess. aanee bigger-3jee. pii. pii. pranalinche suraksha pailu.
ts 33.203 madhye paribhashit keleli suraksha kahee kalasathi upalabdh nasel, visheshtah yusim/aysim interfacecha abhav aanee ipv4 laa samarthan denanya upkarananchya prasaramule. yaa paristhitisathi, sarvat mahattvapoorn dhokyanpasun kahee sanrakshn pradan karnyasathi, 3jeepiipii kahee suraksha yantrana paribhashit karate, jyanna anaupacharikpane 'earley ims security' mhanoon olakhale jaate, tr33.978 madhye. hii yantrana network sanlagn prakriyedarmyan kelelya pramanikaranavar avalambun asate, jee vaparkartyache profile aanee tyacha ip patta yanchyat bandhate. hii yantrana dekhil kamkuvat aahe kaaran sanket vaparkarta-network interfacevar sanrakshit naheet.
packetcable 2 madheel kebal labb, jyanni aay. emm. ess. architecture dekhil sweekarle parantu tyanchya terminalmadhye konatihi yusim/aay. ess. aay. emm. kshamata nahee, tyanni 3jee. pii. pii. vaishishtyannusar delta prakashit kele jethe digest-emm. dii. 5 haah vaidh pramanikaran paryay aahe. nantar, tispanne dekhil tyanchya nishchit jaalyachi vyapti lakshat gheuun, jaree prakriya bhinn asali taree, asach prayatna keela. aay. pii. ess. eae. see. kshamatechya kamataratechi bharpai karnyasathi, jee. emm. interfaces surakshit karnyasathi eka paryay mhanoon tii. ell. ess. jodanyat aale aahe. nantarchya 3jee. pii. pii. prakashananmadhye digest-emm. dii. 5 paddhat, common-ims platformchya dishene, tarihi tyachya swatachya aanee punha vegalya drushtikonat samavisht kelee gelee aahe. digest-emm. dii. 5 pramanikaranchya serve 3 prakaranchi karyakshamta samaan asali aanee aay. emm. ess. terminalchya drushtikonatun samaan asali taree, ess-see. ess. see. eff. aanee etch. ess. ess. darmyanchya see. ex. interfacevaril amalbajavani bhinn aahet.