
ganglion mudder seela

ganglion mudder cells (jee. emm. see.) yaa neurogenesismadhye guntalelya peshi aahet, jee sastan pranyanshivay, done neurons, kinwa eka neuron aanee eka glial seela kinwa done glial cells tayar karnyasathi fakt ekdach vibhajit hotat aanee keval kendriya majjasansthet upasthit asatat. teey pratilekhan ghatak abhivyaktisathi dekhil jababdar aahet. pratyek ganglion mudder seela apariharyapane done neurons nirman karate, tarr neuroblast asampramanat anek vela vibhajit houu shakate. jee. emm. see. heey pahilya prakarchya neuroblastche vanshaj aahet. jee. emm. see. tayar karnyasathi bhrunjanan darmyan neuroblast asampramanat vibhajit hotat. jee. emm. see. heey keval vishisht prajatinmadhye aanee keval garbh aanee alya jivanachya tappyanmadhye asatat. alikadil sanshodhanat asey disun aale aahe qee jee. emm. see. aanee done neurons darmyan madhyavarti tappa asato. jee. emm. see. done ganglion peshi tayar karate jyaa nantar neurons kinwa glial peshinmadhye vikasit hotat. drosophila melanogaster bhrun aanee alyanmadhye bhrun neurogenesischa vyapak abhyas keela gela aahe.
drosophilamadhye neuroblastchi mytotic vibhagani.
neuroblastchya dotter peshinche done nishchitpane bhinn majjatantu bhavishya asate. heey neural nasheeb nirdharkandware purn kele jaate, mahatvachi prathine jee asampramanat vegale karatat. sunn aanee samruddhi heey sarvat ullekhaneey aahet. mitosis hoiparyant hii prathine neuroblastmadhye samaan ritine vitarit kelee jaatat aanee mitosis sunn honyachya darmyan navyane tayar jhalelya jee. emm. see. madhye purnapane vibhakt hotat aanee jee. emm. see. chya kalya jyapasoon bund hotat tyaa besal cortexmadhye sthanbaddh hotat. 
hii donhi prathine adaptor prathinansah saha-karya karatat jee mitosis darmyan besal cortexmadhye tyanche sankraman sulabh karatat. hii prathine miranda aanee pone aahet.
hii chaar prathine swayam-nutanikaran (peshi chakr) rokhanyache aanee vibhedanala (visheshtah samruddhi) protsahan denyache kaam karatat, mhanunach jee. emm. see. adhik jee. emm. see. aivaji tyanchya bhinn santatimadhye vibhagatat. peshi chakrachi pragati prospiriyodvare rokhali jaate kaaran tee cycline-dependent keynage inhibitor (see. keey. aay.) sakriy karate.
jee. emm. see. aivaji dotter neuroblastmadhye vibhakt keleli mahattvapoorn bhinn karnari prathine mhanje bazuka, aii. pii. keey. see., kapanyayogya aanee kapanyayogya (piin) chey bhagidar. prathine (aii. pii. keey. see. vagalata) besal cortexchya dishene vibhakt honanya prathinanpasun swatantrapane epical cortexver eka trikut tayar karatat. aii. pii. keey. see. prathine swayam-nutanikaranas protsahan detat, neuroblastla vibhajit rahnyas aanee tyachi vanshaval paar padnyas protsahit karatat.
sanshodhanat asey suchavale gele aahe qee kahee gaath-dadpanari prathine (ell. jee. ell., dii. ell. jee. kinwa bratt) majjatantuchya niyati nirdharkanchya asamamit pruthakkaranat aanee besal cortexmadhye tyanche sthanikikaran karnyat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavtat. neuroblastchya clonal reshanmadhye, jyat ell. jee. ell. kriyakalapancha abhav asalyamule hatalale gele hote, miranda asampramanat vegale jhaale nahee, parantu sampoorn aachchhadanat samaan ritine vitarit kele gele.
neuroblast asamamiteey vibhajanache tatpurte niyaman hunchback (etch. bii.) aanee savenup (ess. vhee. pii.) prathinandware niyantrit kele jaate. vibhajananantar ess. vhee. pii. donhi dotter peshinmadhye jamaa hote aanee etch. bii. chey niyaman qamee karate. jee. emm. see. madhye prospirio ess. vhee. pii. chey niyaman qamee karato, jyamule cellular divisionchya tatpuratya triggerla pratibandh hoto.
prakar II neuroblast.
prakar II peksha prakar I chey neuroblast adhik sakholpane nirikshan aanee sanshodhan kele gele aahe. tyanchyamadhil mukhya farak assa aahe qee prakar II eka vegalya prakarche jee. emm. see. (sankraman vadhavnare jee. emm. see. kinwa tii. aii.-jee. emm. see., jyala madhyavarti purvaj asehi mhanatat) nirman karato aanee tyache vansh samanyatah khoop lamb asatat. tii. aii.-jee. emm. see. heey samanya jee. emm. see., deadpanpeksha vegale pratilekhan ghatak darshavtat (samanya jee. emm. see. madhye pratyakshat deadpan asato, parantu kendrakachya baher nasato). prakar II chey neuroblastmadhye shodhanyayogya pramanat samruddhi nasate. jee. emm. see. chya ulat, tii. aii.-jee. emm. see. chaar teey aath vela vibhajit hotat, pratyek velee aanakhi eka tii. aii.-jee. emm. see. aanee eka samanya jee. emm. see. (jeey pudhe done neurons tayar karate) tayar karate, mhanunach prakar II chey neuroblast heey prakar I peksha mothe santati asatat. dusya prakarche neuroblast heey drosophila mendumadhye neuronschya mothya sankhyeche yogdan detat. alikadil sanshodhanat asey disun aale aahe qee prakar I peksha prakar II vanshatil lock gaath tayar honyas adhik sanvedanshil asatat. jevha nishkriy kinwa gaath yasarkhi prathine prayogikaritya baher kadhatat, tevha sampoorn alya mendula keval dusya prakarchya vanshamadhye gaath tayar hote. jevha tii. aii.-jee. emm. see. dusya prakarchya neuroblastmadhye parat yetat tevha tumour tayar hoto, parinami pesheey prasarat khoop vaadh hote. ectopic prospiriyochya parichayane tumour phenotype dabla jaau shakato. prakar I aanee prakar II chey neuroblastmadhil mukhya farkanpaiki eka (kadachit mukhya farak) mhanje prospiriyochi upasthiti, asey suchavate qee prospiriyochya parichayamule prakar II chey neuroblastche prakar I chya olakheet rupantar houu shakate. heey dekhil shakya aahe qee prospirio heey dusya prakarchya neuroblastche rupantar naan karata tyancha prasar rokhate. prakar I chey neuroblast jyat prospirio nockoutsathi januk sanketan hote, teey arbud tayar honyas karanibhoot tharatat.
drosophilamadhye bhrun majjatantu vikas.
drosophilachya bhruniy vikasadarmyan, neuroblasts heey garbhatil tyanchya sambandhit sthanavarun vilgikaran karatat aanee peshincha eka nilayatmak ekastar tayar karoon aateel bajukade jaatat, jyala neurogenic kshetra mhanatat. haah pradesh dwaipakshik samamiteey aahe. itar samanya pranyanchya namunyanmadhil majjatantuchya vadhichya samatulya kshetranmadhye haah samamiteey gunadharm nasato, jyamule neurogenic abhyasasathi drosophila adhik yogya tharate. neurogenic pradesh neuroblastsney banalela asato joou garbhachya sampoorn vikasadarmyan vibhajit hoto aanee sthalantarit hoto. alyanchya garbhamadhye neurogenic uutinchya pratyek ardhbhagamadhye sumare 30 neuroblast asatat. eka vishisht tappyavar, neuroblast asamam peshi vibhajanatun jaeel jyamule neuroblast aanee ganglion mudder seela tayar hoil. pesheey vividhatechya yantranecha tapas karnyasathi hiravya pratideepi prathinanchya transgene abhivyaktisarkhya paddhatincha vapar karoon pratyek neuroblastcha shodh vanshadvare lavala jaau shakato. neuroblast vansh 3 jee. emm. see. kinwa 20 paryant qamee utpadan karoo shakato. aanvik chinhakancha vapar karoon garbh vikasadarmyan neurogenic pradeshatil neuroblast aanee jee. emm. see. chya halchalinche nirikshan karnyasathi sanshodhan kele gele aahe.
swarasya asalelya vishisht neuroblast vanshavalinna.
drosophilamadhye, pratyek majjatantu moolpeshi olakhali gelee aahe aanee tyanchya sthananusar vargikrut kelee gelee aahe. anek neuroblasts, parantu serve naheet, tyanchi vanshaval dekhil olakhali gelee aahe (teey konate jee. emm. see. tayar karatat aanee tyanantar jee. emm. see. konatya neurons kinwa glial peshi tayar karatat). udaharanarth, aine. bii. 7-1 chey pahile paach jee. emm. see. (7vya ranget aanee aachchadanchya pahilya stambhat sthit neuroblast) anukrame yuu. 1-yuu. 5 motor neurons tayar karatat aanee nantar 30 interneurons tayar karatat. aine. bii. 4-2 chaa pahila jee. emm. see. motor neuron aar. pii. 2 tayar karnyasathi olakhala jaato.
drosophilamadhye bhrun-nantarcha majjatantu vikas.
drosophila see. aine. ess. heey menduche done golardh aanee ventral ganglian yanni banalele asate. pratyek golardh haah parshvik sthit optic lobe (oo. ell.) aanee madhyasth sthit, samanya cerebrum (see. bii.) neey banalela asato. garbhachya vikasachya shevati neuroblast shant hotat, parantu nantarchya vishisht alyanchya tappyanmadhye tyanchya peshi chakranmadhye punha pravesh karatat. keetak/drosophila mendutil sarvat guntaguntichya rachana, madhyavarti sankul aanee mashroom boddy, sahyogi shikshan aanee smaranshaktisathi jababdar asatat aanee garbhadharana-nantarchya vikasadarmyan tayar hotat. pratyek oo. ell. heey ell. pii. see. (laminar purvavarti peshi), oo. pii. see. (bahya prasar kendra aanee aay. pii. see. (antargat prasar kendra) navachya teen neuropitheliapasun tayar hote. oo. pii. see. aanee aay. pii. see. asamamiteey hotat. olcha bahutek vikas alyanchya tappyachya shevati hoto. bhruniy tappyapeksha bhrunanantarchya neurogenesismadhye prasuti vegali bhoomika bajavate. jee. emm. see. neey bhrunjanan darmyan farak kelyanantar, peshichakratun baher padnyasathi neuronsana protsahan denyasathi prospiroche anushleshmasantar niyaman kele jaate.
jee. emm. see. aanee sastan pranyanche neurogenic sanshodhan.
sastan pranyanchya neurogenic sanshodhanacha pudhil abhyasanvar prabhav padala aahe. sastan pranyanchya neurogenesismadhye jee. emm. see. chey achook samatulya nasale taree, sastan pranyanchya majjatantuchya moolpeshi sankraman vadhavna purvajanchi nirmiti karatat jeey majjatantuchya loksankhyecha vistar karatat (tii. aii.-jee. emm. see. sarkhe). prushthavanshiy pranyanmadhye (prox 1) prospireoche ortholog heey navyane bhinn karananya neuronsmadhye asate aanee majjatantuchya purvajanchya prasarala pratibandhit karate. heey prospiriyochya prabhav prakar II neuroblastsarkhech aahe jyane tumour tayar karnara phenotype vyakt keela aahe. prox 1 prathinancha sadhya gaath dadapanyache januk mhanoon abhyas keela jaat aahe.
pratilekhan ghatak abhivyakti.
neuroblastmadhil pratilekhan ghatakache eka samanya udaharan mhanje deadpan, jeey optic lobmadhye majjatantunchya prasarala protsahan dete. jee. emm. see. madhye purvi varnan kelela pratilekhan ghatak mhanje prospirio kinwa pro, eka pratilekhan dadapanara. jee. emm. see. laa eka antim mitosisparyant maryadit thevanyasathi teey peshi chakr januk abhivyaktiche niyaman karate. mytotic kriya rokhana tarun neuronsmadhyehi fayade asatat. jee. emm. see. chya santatimadhye prospiro upasthit nasato aanee tyanchya peshichakratun sambhavya neuronsana protsahan dett, timer mhanoon kaam karato asey manale jaate.
parinam.
drosophila sarkhya pranyanchya pratimanmadhil neurogenesischa abhyas karnyache anek fayade aahet aanee tyamule neural stame selsasarkhya sambandhit manvi neurogenic analogchi adhik changli samaj nirman hote. jee. emm. see. kase karya karatat aanee neurogenesismadhye tyanchi bhoomika adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghetalyas, sastan pranyanmadhil tyanche pratirup adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghene shakya houu shakate.