vidyut vahinya

vidyut vahinya hii eka nalee aahe jee imaratitil kinwa sanrachanetil vidyut taranche sanrakshn aanee margkraman karnyasathi vaparali jaate. vidyut vahinya dhatoo, plastic, tantu kinwa jaalalelya chikanmatipasun banavata yetat. bahutek vahinya kadak asatat, parantu lavchik vahinya kahee karanansathi vaparlya jaatat.
vidyut upkarane basavanyachya thikani samanyatah vidyutshastradnya vahinya basavatat. tyacha vapar, form aanee pratishthapan tapasheel anekada wiring niyamandware nirdisht kele jaatat, jase qee us national electrical code (nec) aanee itar imarat code.
itihas.
kahee suruvatichya vidyut prakash sthapanemadhye vidyaman gass paipcha vapar keela gela hota, jeey vidyut divyanmadhye rupantarit kelelya gass light fixturechi seva dett hote. yaa tantrane aateel vayaringsathi khoop changle yantrik sanrakshn pradan kelyamule, teey serve prakarchya aateel vayaringparyant vistarit kele gele aanee 20 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant vidyut vaparasathi uddeshane tayar kelele jode aanee fitting tayar kele gele.
tathapi, bahutek vidyut sanket aata vayoo paipdware vidyut vahakanchya margkramanas pratibandhit karatat, kaaran samanyatah vayusathi vaparlya jaanarya pipe aanee fittingchya khadbadit aateel bhagatoon vidyut insulation nuksan honyachya chintemule.
wiringchya itar paddhatinshi tulana qaraa.
vidyut vahinya bund vahakansathi prabhav, aadrata aanee rasayanik vafepasoon khoop changle sanrakshn puravatat. vahakanmadhye vahakanchi vegvegali sankhya, aakar aanee prakar khechale jaau shakatat, jyamule cableschya anek dhavanchya tulanet kinwa sanukoolit sammishra kebalachya kharchachya tulanet rachana aanee bandhkam sope hote. imaratinmadhil wiring pranalinmadhye varanvar badal kele jaau shakatat. vidyut vahikechya vaparadvare varanvar wiring badal sope aanee surakshit kele jaatat, kaaran vahikechya margavar thode vyatyay aanat vidyaman vahak mage ghetale jaau shakatat aanee naveen vahak basavale jaau shakatat.
vahinyachi pranali jalrodhak kinwa panbudiyogya banavali jaau shakate. dhatuchi vahinya vidyutchumbakiy hastakshepapasun sanvedanshil paripathanna sanrakshn denyasathi vaparali jaau shakate aanee bund kelelya vidyut kebalsmadhun asha hastakshepamule honare utsarjan dekhil rokhu shakate. dhatoo-nasaleli vahinya ganj pratikar karatat aanee halakya vajanachi asatat, jyamule pratishthapan shram kharch qamee hoto.
yogya sealing fittings sthapit kelyavar, eka vahinya jwalansheel vayoo aanee vafecha pravah houu denar nahee, jeey asthir padarth padarth bhagat aag aanee sphotachya dhokyapasun sanrakshn pradan karate.
concreetmadhye thet aavaranasathi kahee prakarchya vahinyanna manyata dilee jaate. mothya khulya jaganchya madhyabhagi vidyut aanee dalanvalan kendre basavanyasathi vyavsayik imaratinmadhye yacha vapar keela jaato. udaharanarth, kirkol pradarshan kshetre aanee khulya karyalayatil bhagat veej aanee dalanvalan cables jodanyasathi majalyavar basavalelya vahinya vapartat.
jaast pramanat utpadit fittingshivay vyavasthit pratishthapan karnyasathi dhatoo aanee plasticchi donhi vahinya kamachya thikani vakavata yetat. aniyamit kinwa vakr imarat profileche anusaran kartana heey visheshtah fayadeshir aahe. nalala khilkhile naan karata kinwa danda naan lavta vakavanyasathi vishesh nalee vakavanyachi upkarane vaparali jaatat.
sahitya aanee shramanchya kharchamule vahinyanchya sthapanecha kharch itar wiring paddhatinpeksha jaast aahe. nivasi bandhkamasarkhya anuprayoganmadhye, uchch patalichya bhautik nuksan sanrakshanachi aavashyakta asoo shakat nahee, tyamule vahinyacha kharch aavashyak nahee. vahikemadhye basavalele vahak khulya wiringmadhye basavilelya vahikyanpramanech ushnata sahajpane nasht karoo shakat naheet, mhanoon jarr anek vahikanna ekach vahiket basavale gele tarr pratyek vahakachi vartaman kshamata qamee karane aavashyak aahe (dirated). vahakachya dhavanit ekoon vakyanchya 360 anshanpeksha jaast asane avyavharya aahe aanee wiring niyamandware pratibandhit aahe, mhanoon asha dhavanmadhye vahakanna nuksan naan hota basavanyasathi vishesh outlet fittings pradan karane aavashyak aahe.
kahee prakarche dhatuche vahak groundingsathi (maatee) upayukt bandhan vahak mhanoon dekhil kaam karoo shakatat, parantu wiring niyam vishisht prakaransathi karagiri manke kinwa groundingchi purak sadhane dekhil nirdharit karoo shakatat. dhatuchi vahinya kadhikadhi grounding conductor mhanoon vaparali jaau shakate, parantu paripath lambi maryadit asate. udaharanarth, grounding conductor mhanoon dirghkal samantar vahinyanmadhye vidyut pratikar khoop jaast asoo shakato aanee doshavar atipravah upkarananna yogya prakare karya karoo dett nahee.
prakar.
nalikanchya pranaliche vargikaran bhintichya jadinusar, yantrik kadakpana aanee nall tayar karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya samgrinusar kele jaate. yantrik sanrakshn, ganj pratikar aanee sthapanechya ekoon kharchasathi (shram aanee samagri kharch) sahitya nivadle jaau shakate. dhokadayak bhagantil vidyut upkaranansathi wiring niyamansathi manyataprapt pratishthapan pradan karnyasathi vishisht prakarchya vahinyancha vapar karane aavashyak asoo shakate.
dhatoo.
kathor dhatuche nall (aar. emm. see.) heey eka jaad-bhinti asalelya dhagyache nall asate, jeey sahasa lepit steel, steel kinwa aluminiumpasoon tayar kele jaate.
galvanised regid condute (jee. aar. see.) heey galvanised steelchya nalyansah asate, jyachya nalyanchi bhint tee gundalanyaitaki jaad asate. tyache samanya upayog vyavsayik aanee audhyogik bandhkamat aahet. tee taar aanee jodakanche sanrakshn karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahe.
madhyavarti dhatuchi nalee (aay. emm. see.) hii steelchya nalyanpeksha vajanachi parantu aar. emm. see. peksha halki asate. tee gundalali jaau shakate.
vidyut dhatoo nalya (eae. emm. tii.), jyala kadhikadhi patal-bhint mhanatat, samanyatah galvanised regid condute (jee. aar. see.) aivaji vaparlya jaatat, kaaran tee jee. aar. see. peksha qamee mahag aanee halki asate. eae. emm. tii. swatah threaded nahee, parantu threaded fittings vaparale jaau shakate jeey tyala chikatavtat. vahinyanchi lambi ekmekanshi aanee clamp-prakarchya fittings upkarananshi jodaleli asate. jee. aar. see. pramanech, nivasi vaparapeksha vyavsayik aanee audhyogik imaratinmadhye eae. emm. tii. adhik samanya aahe. eae. emm. tii. samanyatah lepit poladacha banalela asato, jaree too aluminiumcha asoo shakato.
galvanised steelchya vahinyanpramanech aluminium vahinya hii eka kathor nalee aahe, jee samanyatah vyavsayik aanee audhyogik anuprayoganmadhye vaparali jaate jithe ganjala uchch pratikar aavashyak asato. asha thikani ann prakriya prakalpancha samavesh asel, jethe mothya pramanat paanee aanee safsafaichi rasayne galvanised nalee ayogya banavtat. dhatoo cementmadhil alkalishi abhikriya karato mhanoon aluminium thet concreetmadhye antarbhut kele jaau shakat nahee. konkreetchya aakasmik samparkadvare ganj talhanyasathi vahinyavar lape lavala jaau shakato. aluminium vahinya basavanyasathi qamee shram kharch honyavyatirikt aluminium vahinya samanyatah poladachya tulanet qamee kharchik asatat, kaaran aluminium vahinyanchya lambimadhye samaan aakarachya kathor steel vahinyanchya vajanachya sumare eka trutiyansh vajan asel.
naun-metal.
pii. vhee. see. vahinya vahinya kalapasoon steel vahinyanchya samgrichya tulanet vajanat sarvat halakya manalya jaatat aanee samanyatah vahinyanchya itar prakaranpeksha qamee kharchat manalya jaatat. uttar american vidyut paddhatimadhye, tee teen vegvegalya bhintinchya jadimadhye upalabdh aahe, jyamadhye patal-bhintichi vividhata keval concreetmadhye antarbhut vaparasathi yogya aahe aanee thet daphan aanee ughad kamasathi yogya judd shreni aahet. dhatuchya vahinyansathi banavalelya bahutek vividh fittings pii. vhee. see. swarupat dekhil upalabdh aahet. plasticchi samagri olava aanee anek sanksharak padarthancha pratikar karate, parantu nalika pravahak nasalelya asalyamule pratyek vahanat atirikt bandh (grounding) vahak odhane aavashyak aahe. yaa uddeshasathi tayar keleli vishesh garam karanyachi sadhane vaparoon pii. vhee. see. vahinya shetat garam aanee vakavalya jaau shakatat.
jodanipasun teey fittingparyantche sandhe slip-aun solvent-welded jodanidware tayar kele jaatat, jeey jodaninantar vegane tayar hotat aanee sumare eka divasat purn shakti prapt karatat. asemblidarmyan slip-fitt vibhag firavanyachi aavashyakta naslyamule, threaded nalisah (jase qee ericson) vaparlya jaanarya vishesh union fittingschee aavashyakta nahee. pii. vhee. see. vahineet itar prakaranpeksha aushnik vistaracha gunank jaast asalyane, pratyek dhavanyacha vistar aanee aakunchan houu denyasathi too basavala jaane aavashyak aahe. ghandat pack kelelya cableschya paraspar taap prabhavamule anek kinwa samantar samantar sanrachananmadhye pii. vhee. see. bhoomigat sthapit kartana kalji ghetali pahije, kaaran garam kelyavar vahinya vikrut hotil.
prabalit thermosating raal vahinya (aar. tii. aar. see.) kinwa fiberglass vahinya dhatuchya vahinyanchya tulanet vajanat halakya asatat, jyamule kamgar kharch qamee hoto. yala kadhikadhi free mhanoon sambodhale jaate, jyacha arth 'fiberglass prabalit epocoxy' assa hoto, tathapi hii sandnya free sanmishranancha kayadeshiraritya nondanikrut trademark aahe. yamule samagrichi kimmatahi qamee houu shakate. aar. tii. aar. see. vahinyacha vapar vividh antargehi aanee bahya anuprayoganmadhye keela jaau shakato. fiberglass vahinya vividh upayogannusar anek bhintinchya jadimadhye upalabdh aahet aanee tyanche aadhar antar steelsarkhech aahe. uchch tapman, qamee dhoor, jyot nahee, vargikrut kshetra (varg 1 vibhag 2) aanee shoonya halogen aavrutya dekhil sabave bogade aanee sthankansarkhya vishesh anuprayogansathi tayar kelya jaatat aanee yuu. ess. madhye aine. eff. pii. aii. 130 aavashyakta purn karoo shakatat. itar dhatoo-rahit vahakanpramanech, groundingsathi bandh vahak aavashyak asoo shakato. sandhe epocoxy-chikatavalele asatat, jyasathi sandhe basavanyasathi kahee installation shram aanee vel lagato. aar. tii. aar. see. vahinya shetat vakalya nastil aanee disha badalanyasathi yogya fittingscha vapar karane aavashyak aahe, kinwa lumineerla aadhar denyasathi aar. tii. aar. see. vahinyanna manyata nahee.
kathor adhatu nalika (aar. aine. see.) hii eka adhatu naan rujalelya, gulgulit bhinti asalelya nalika aahet.
vidyut adhatu nalika (aine. tii.) hii eka patal bhinti asalelya sutidar nalika aahe jee aadrata-pratirodhak aanee jwala-pratirodhak aahe. heey asha prakare lavchik aahe qee teey hatane vakavale jaau shakate aanee fitting nasale taree anekada lavchik asate. jaree kahee fittings asoo shakatat, taree tyachya dhepalalelya aakaramule teey thread kelele nasate.
lavchik.
lavchik vahinya motor kinwa itar upkarananshi jodanyasathi vaparlya jaatat jithe kampanapasoon vegale karane upayukt aahe kinwa jethe kathor jodanya vaparnyasathi jaast pramanat fittingchi aavashyakta asel. vidyut sanket kahee prakarchya lavchik vahinyanchya dhavnyachya lambivar nirbandh ghaloo shakatat.
lavchik dhatuchi nalee (eff. emm. see., anaupacharikpane 'greenfield' kinwa 'flex' mhanatat) hii aluminium kinwa steelchya swayam-sanlagn pagadyanchya pattyachya helical koilingdware tayar kelee jaate, jyamule pokal nalee tayar hote jyadvare taar odhalya jaau shakatat. eff. emm. see. chaa vapar pramukhyane koradya bhagat keela jaato jithe eae. emm. tii. kinwa itar lavchik nasaleli vahinya basavane avyavharya asel, tarihi jithe vahakanna sanrakshn denyasathi dhatuchi takad ajunahi aavashyak aahe. lavchik nalyanmule kayamswarupi vakane hott nahee aanee teey muktapane vakoo shakatat.
jarr vahineet asalelya paripathanchya aakarmananusar, vaparlelya eff. emm. see. chya vyaparachya aakar aanee lambibabat vishisht tartudi purn kelya gelya tarr eff. emm. see. chaa vapar upkaran grounding conductor mhanoon keela jaau shakato. sarvasadharanpane, eff. emm. see. madhye asalelya sarvat mothya paripathavar ghatalela sambhavya dosh pravah vahoon nenyasathi yogya asalelya vistarasah eff. emm. see. madhoon upkaran grounding conductor khechale jaane aavashyak aahe.
dravarodhak lavchik dhatuchi nalika (ell. eff. emm. see.) hii eka dhatuchi lavchik nalika aahe jee jalrodhak plasticchya aavaranane jhakaleli aahe. aateel bhag eff. emm. see. sarkhach aahe.
lavchik dhatoo nalya (fmt; uttar america) heey lavchik dhatuche nalee (fmc) sarkhe nahee, jyache varnan us national electrical code (nec) kalam 340 madhye kele aahe. fmt haah eka resway aahe, parantu eka nalee nahee aanee tyache varnan vegalya nec kalam 360 madhye kele aahe. teey fakt 1/2 'aanee 3/4' vyapar aakarat yete, tarr fmccha aakar 1/2 '~ 4' vyapar aakar aahe. aine. eae. see. 360.2 yache varnan asey karateh "eka dhavpatti joou cross sectionmadhye golakar aahe, lavchik, dhatoo aanee dravarodhak aahe, jyat dhatoo nasalele jackett nahee."
drav-ghatt lavchik adhatu nalika (ell. eff. aine. see.) mhanje anek prakarchya jwala-pratirodhak adhatu nalika. aateel prushthbhag gulgulit kinwa panhali asoo shakatat. vahinyachya bhintimadhye avibhajya majbutikaran asoo shakate. yala eff. aine. emm. see. asehi mhanatat.
bhoomigat.
veej aanee dalanvalan cables basavanyasathi imarati, sanrachana kinwa upkarnandarmyan bhoomigat vahinya basavalya jaau shakatat. yaa vahinyanchi eka jode, jyala anekada duct banq mhanatat, ektar thet pruthvivar purale jaau shakate kinwa concreetmadhye jhakale jaau shakate (kadhikadhi katarane shaktinpasun bachav karnyasathi balkat rebars). vaikalpikaritya, upayukt bogdyamadhye nalika banq basavali jaau shakate. nalichi banq, khandak punha khodanyacha kharch naan karata, imaratinmadhil kharab jhalelya cables kinwa atirikt veej aanee dalanvalan paripathanna badalanyachi parvanagi deil. dhatuchi nalee adhunmadhun daphan karnyasathi vaparali jaate, parantu qamee kharch, sahaj basavane aanee ganjala adhik changla pratikar yamule aata samanyatah pii. vhee. see., polyethylene kinwa polystyrene plastic vaparale jaatat.
purvi, cementmadhye misalalele sankuchit esbestos fiber (jase qee transite) kahee bhoomigat pratishthapanansathi vaparale jaat hote. durdhvani aanee dalanvalan paripath samanyatah matichya vahineet basavale jaat asat.
kharchachi tulana.
sthapanesathi lagnare shram, vajan aanee samgrichya kharchache achook praman vahinyanchya aakaranusar badalate, parantu 3/4 inch (21 metrik) vyaparachya aakarachi (uttar america) moolye pratinidhik aahet.
fitting.
nalkaryat vaparlya jaanarya nalanshi samya asoonahi, nall jodanyasathi uddeshane tayar kelelya vidyut fittingcha vapar keela jaato.
boxes connector heey junction boxes kinwa itar vidyut boxla jodatat. eka vishisht boxes connector junction boxmadheel nockoutmadhye ghatale jaate, threaded ends nantar boxchya aatoon ringne (lock nutt mhanatat) surakshit kele jaate, kaaran boult natdware surakshit keela jaeel. fittingchya fittingchya tokala sahasa screw kinwa compression ring asate jee ghalalelya vahinyavar ghatt kelee jaate. naan-threaded vahinyansathi fittings ektar seet screwney kinwa vahinyas vahinyas compression natane surakshit kelya jaatat. dhatuchya vahinyansah samanya hetusathi vaparlya jaanarya fittings dye-cast zinkpasoon banavata yetat, parantu jethe majboot fittingschee aavashyakta asate, tethe tyaa tambe-mukt aluminium kinwa cast aayarnpasoon banvilya jaatat.
jodani done nalake ekatra jodatat.
kadhikadhi fittings dhatuchya junction boxmadhye dhatuchya vahinyas (asha prakare boxche ground connection samayik karane) "bandh" (vidyutdrushtya ekatra karane) karnyasathi puresha pravahakeey manalya jaatat; itar velee, grounding bushingscha vapar keela jaato jyat bushingpasoon boxwor grounding skruparyant bandh jumper asatat.
panyachya nalanchya ulat, jarr nall jalrodhak karayacha asel tarr paanee aat naan thevata "baher" thevanyachi kalpana aahe. yaa prakaranat, gasketcha vapar vishesh fittings keela jaato, jase qee overhead vidyut mukhya bhagapasoon vidyut meetarparyant meetarparyant wetherhead.
lavchik dhatuchi nalee samanyatah ughadya kebalpramanech chaukatichya bahereel bajus clamp asalelya fittingscha vapar karate.
vahak shareer.
vahinyanchya dhavpattimadhye odhanyacha pravesh pradan karnyasathi, vahinyanchya vishisht vibhagat adhik vakya karnyas parvanagi denyasathi, purn aakarachi vakanyachi trijya avyavharik kinwa ashakya asel ashee jaaga jatan karnyasathi kinwa vahinyacha marg anek dishanmadhye vibhajit karnyasathi vahinyanchya shariracha vapar keela jaau shakato. vahakanna vahakachya aat 'naan' jodale jaau shakate, joparyant teey asha vaparasathi visheshtah soochibaddha kelele nasate.
vahinya junction boxpeksha bhinn asatat kaaran tyanna vaiyaktikaritya aadhar denyachi aavashyakta nasate, jyamule teey kahee vyavharik anuprayoganmadhye khoop upayukt tharoo shakatat. vahak sansthanna samanyatah vahak mhanoon sambodhale jaate, hii sandnya sahkari udhyogancha eka vibhag asalelya sahkari crouse-hinds kampanidware trademark keleli aahe.
nalika vividh prakarat, aadrata manankan aanee galvanised steel, aluminium aanee pii. vhee. see. yasah samgrimadhye yetat. samgrinusar, teey vahinya surakshit karnyasathi vegvegalya yantrik paddhati vapartat. tyapaiki khaleel prakar aaheth
itar tarmarg.
prushthbhagavar basavalela resway (wire moulding).
yaa prakarchya "sajavatichya" vahinyachi rachana, bhintimadhye kinwa mage naan lapavata, taransathi saundaryatmakdrushtya swikararh marg pradan karnyasathi kelee gelee aahe. jethe atirikt wiring aavashyakta asate tethe yacha vapar keela jaato, parantu jithe bhintitun jaane katheen asel kinwa punarbandhanichi aavashyakta asel. vahineet prushthbhagavar surakshit, kadhoon taknyayogya aavaranasah eka khula chehara asato aanee tee aat thewali jaate. plastic resvecha vapar anekada dursanchar vayaringsathi keela jaato, jase qee junya sanrachanet network cables, jithe concrete blockdware drill karane vyavharik nahee.
trunk.
united kingadammadhe 'trunking' haah shabd vidyut tarmargansathi vaparla jaato, samanyatah kadhoon taknyayogya jhakanansah cross sectionmadhye aayatakruti.
"miinii trunking" hii yuu. keey. madhye lahan form-factor (samanyatah 6 miimii teey 25 miimii chauras kinwa aayatakruti vibhagalele) pii. vhee. see. vayarvesathi vaparali jaanari sandnya aahe. bharatat, heey trunking swayam-fixing tapes upalabdh aahe, jenekarun pratishthapan sope hoil. 
iransah kahee deshanmadhye 'trunking' haah shabd eka vahini aahe joou sweach aanee sockett basavanyas parvanagi deto.
uttar american vyavharat, "wire truff" aanee "leey-inn wireway" yaa sandnya samaan utpadananna soochit karnyasathi vaparlya jaatat. bhintivarchi nalee resway hii bhintimadhye bandist kelya jaau jaau prakarasathichi sandnya aahe.
antargat.
inderducts heey subducts aahet jeey optical cables thevanyasathi swachchh, satat, qamee gharshan marg pradan karnyasathi vidyaman bhoomigat vahinyanchya pranalinmadhye sthapit kele jaau shakatat, jyat tulanene qamee taana maryada asatat. teey paramparik vahinyanche upavibhajan karnyache sadhan pradan karatat, jee moolatah eka, mothya vyasachya dhatoo vahak kebalsasathi lahan optical kebalsasathi anek vahinyanmadhye tayar kelee gelee hotee.
antargat pravah samanyatah lahan-vyasache, ardh-lavchik upmarg asatat. telcordia jee. aar.-356 nusar, aateel chalanache teen moolbhut prakar aaheth smoothwall, coorgated aanee ribbed. yaa vividh rachana aateel aanee bahereel vyasachya aakrutivar aadharit aahet. vishisht vaishishtyachi kinwa vaishishtyanchya sanyojanachi aavashyakta, jase qee odhanyachi takad, lavchikta kinwa gharshanatil sarvat qamee gunank, aavashyak asalelya antarvahakacha prakar tharvato.
moolbhut ruprekha kinwa rupareshechya (smoothwall, coorgated kinwa ribbed) palikade, innerduct dekhil multiduct designschya vadhatya vividhatemadhye upalabdh aahe. multiduct heey ektar chaar kinwa sahaa vaiyaktik antargat pravahanche eka sammishra ekak asoo shakate jeey kahee yantrik madhyamandvare ekatra dharale jaatat kinwa anek cables khechanyasathi anek vahinya asalele ekach bahya utpadan asoo shakate. donhi babatit, bahuvidh marg gundalanyajoga asato aanee paramparik antargrahanapramanech vidyaman vahineet odhala jaau shakato.
nishkriy agni sanrakshn.
aag thambavane, jethe tee ghuskhori karnari banatat aanee agnirodhak, jethe aakasmik aagichya velee antargat cables karyanvit thevanyasathi bahya circuit akhandateche upay lagoo kele jaau shakatat, yaa donhi goshtinsathi vahinya prasangik aahet. british manak bii. ess. 476 antargat aagichahi vichar karate, jyamadhye agnirodhak yantrane kebalachya aagipasoon sabhovatalache sanrakshn karane aavashyak aahe. konatyahi bahya upcharanni antargat ushnata vadhalyamule vadhalyamule ampacity diratingvaril parinamacha vichar keela pahije.

