
william thompson howell

william thompson howell (8 julai 1810-3 april 1870) heey eka american nyayshastradnya aanee rajkarani hote. newyorkmadhye janmalelya aanee shikalelya tyanchya karkirdicha bahutansh kaal mishiganmadhye gela, jithe tyanni vividh rajya karyalaye sambhalali. howell yanni navyane sthapan jhalelya arizona pradeshat nyayadhish mhanoonahi kaam kele, jithe teey yaa pradeshachya pahilya kayadeshir sanhita, howell sanhiteche pramukh lekhak hote.
parshvabhoomi.
howelcha janm 8 julai 1810 roji newyorkmadheel goshen yethe madhyamvargiy palakanchya gharee jhaala. tyanche shikshan sarvajanik shalanmadhye jhaale aanee teey vayachya 16 vya varshi shikavat hote aanee vayachya 19 vya varshi vruttapatrache sampadan karat hote. tyanni vayachya 24 vya varshi vyavasay badalala, vakeel banale aanee 1837 madhye mishiganchya johnsville yethe jaanyapurvi newyorkmadheel engelikamadhye sarav karnyas suruvat kelee.
howellne 24 meey 1828 roji tyachi pahili patni sophiya barjashi lagn kele aanee yaa jodpyala chaar mule jhaali. sophiya janewari 1845 madhye maran pavali, aanee anek mahinyanantar yaa jodpyachya eka mulicha mrutyu jhaala. tyache dusare lagn susanne emm. shhee jhaale. 29 april, 1847 roji hartwell. 1853 madhye heey jodape jackson, mishigan yethe rahayala gele. 27 august 1856 roji sujanche nidhan jhaale aanee tyala chaar mule jhaali. howellne 1857 madhye tyachi tisari patni saara maria (grey) johns hichyashi vivah keela. tisya vivahane done mule jhaali.
mishigan.
howell yanni 1840 madhye tyanchya rajkiy karkirdila suruvat kelee, jevha tyanchi hillsdale kauntisathi jilha vakeel mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. tyanantar 1843 madhye mishigan sinetsathi tyanchi nivad jhaali, jeey padd tyanni 1846 paryant bhushavale. tyanchya synet sevedarmyan, teey 6 janewari 1845 roji hangami adhyaksh jhaale. howelchya synet sevenantar 1848 madhye mishiganchya tisya jilhyasathi teey adhyakshiy matdar jhaale. matdar mhanoon tyanchya bhoomiket tyanni louis casela matdan kele.
1849 madhye howell yanna amerikechya sarvoch nyayalayasamor kayadyachi dhura swikaranyasathi pravesh denyat aala. vivahit mahilanna tyanchya swatachya navavar malmatta thevanyacha adhikar, fashichi shiksha radd karane aanee mofat sarvajanik shalanchi sthapana hii tyanchi bajoo tharvanari karane hotee.
republican pakshachya sthapanesah howell yanni democratic paksh sodala. tyanni 1854 madhye circuit court aayukt mhanoon aanee 1855 aanee 1856 madhye probet nyayadhish mhanoon kaam kele. 1857 madhye teey mishiganchya nevego yethe gele aanee jevha mecosta kauntichi sthapana jhaali tevha teey mecosta kauntiche pahile firyadi vakeel banale. howell 1861 teey 1863 paryant mishigan pratinidhi sabhagruhat nevego kauntiche pratinidhitva karnyasathi nivadoon aale. teey 21 vya aanee 22 vya vidhansabhanche hangami adhyaksh dekhil hote.
arizona pradesh.
arizona pradeshachya nirmitinantar, rashtradhyaksh abraham linken yanni howell yanna naveen pradeshasathi nyayadhish mhanoon niyukt kele. arizona pradeshik sarvoch nyayalayat sahyogi nyay mhanoon tyanchi niyukti 10 march 1863 roji manjur jhaali. howell nantar governor johnn aine. goodwinchya pakshane naveen pradeshasathi, aanee 29 december 1863 roji tyanni padachi shapath ghetali. howell yanna arizonachya pahilya nyayik jilhyasathi niyukt karnyat aale, jeey kshetra gila nadichya dakshines aanee 114 vya meridianchya poorves sampoorn arizonala vyapate aanee 3 februwari 1864 roji tuxensathi phorta whipple yethe tatpurati rajdhani sodali.
tuxon yethe aalyanantar, howell tyachya naveen jeelhyat "tyaa bhagatil darr teenpaiki done lock anwani payanni aahet" heey pahoon naraj hota. tyanche pahile nyayalayin adhiveshan 31 meey 1864 roji suru jhaale aanee teey sahaa divas chalale. dusare adhiveshan octobermadhil shevatchya mangalvari suru honar hote. naveen pradeshat nyayache prashasana sulabh karnyasathi, howellne susangat kayadeshir sanhitechi garaj pahili aanee eka tayar karnyasathi aavashyak sanshodhan suru kele. tyacha mitra coles bashford yachya madatine nyayadhishanni sthanik rahivashanshi sallamasalat kelee aanee anek rajyanchya kayadyancha shodh ghetala. 90 divasanchya prayatnannantar, 400 panancha tatpurata code tayar jhaala.
april 1864 madhye howella tyachi patni aajari asalyachi mahitee midali. bashfordne howella tyachya patnichya garja bhagavanyasathi aanee tyachya saat jiwant mulanchi kalji ghenyasathi teen mahinyanchi sutty denyachi vinanti kelee. sutty denyat aalee aanee howell 11 juuna 1864 roji mishiganala jaanyasathi tuxon sodoon gela.
howell code.
1lya arizona pradeshik vidhimandalala sambodhit kartana, governor goodwin yanni arizonala nyu mexico pradeshatoon varshane midalelya kayadyanchya jaagi naveen kayadeshir sanhita tayar karnyache aavahan kele. vidhimandalane rajyapalanna sambhavya sanhita tayar karnyasathi aayukt niyukt karnyacha adhikar deela aanee goodwinne howell yanchi aayukt mhanoon nivad kelee. nyayadhishanni aadhich pradesh sodala asala taree, aayukt mhanoon tyanchi niyukti jhalyanantar done divasanni tyanchi sanhita vichararth vidhimandalakade sadar karnyat aalee. mothya pramanavar charcha aanee kahee badalannantar vidhimandalachya adhiveshanane 'howell code' laa manjuri dilee. pradeshik sachiv richard see. mccormickne nirikshan kele qee yaa sanhitevar california aanee newyorkchya kayadeshir sanhitecha motha prabhav aahe.
1864 madhye hii sanhita aupcharikpane sweekarli gelee. tyache diwani aanee faujdari kayade california aanee newyorkmadhun aale. tyane meksikokadun khaan kayada ghetala aanee spainmadhun tyacha samudayik malmatta kayada ghetala. pradeshala vadhatya vedna anubhavata aalyane tyache kayade avyavasthitpane lagoo karnyat aale. pradeshachya suruvatichya varshant, bisby hatyakandasarkhya anek linchingchya ghatanansah, barich atirikt-nyayik amalbajavani jhaali. parantu kahee kayadyanche kathor swaroop nagrik nyayane dekhil ulatale. eka prakaranat, eka guranchya toldhadila fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee aanee tyaa mansane fakt eka vasar chorale aahe heey kalalyanantar aanee tyachya daha mulanna khayala denyasathi tyala thaar marnyasathi jamalelya santapt jamavane marg badalala. jamav nyayadhishankade parat gela aanee tyala shiksha qamee karnyas sangitale. tyanantar nyayadhishanni aapala nirnay badalala aanee tyaa vyaktila swasanrakshanasathi doshi tharavale nahee.
pradeshik vidhimandalane kayadyanchi punarrachana karnyache aadesh dile tevha 1901 madhye howell sanhitet lakshaniy sudharana karnyat aalee. 1912 madhye arizonachya rajyabarobar, naveen kayade aanee naveen sanvidhanane arizona pradeshachya aniyantrit swarupasah howell kodache sthan ghetale.
nantarche jeevan.
22 julai 1864 roji howell neuego, mishigan yethe paratala aanee tyala tyachi patni "atishay kamkuvat" asalyache aadhalale. tyanchya anupasthitichya rajechi mudatvadh denyachi vinanti kelyanantar, tyanni 1865 chya suruvatila arizonala parat naan jaanyacha nirnay ghetala aanee tyaeivaji mishiganmadhye bharatiy pratinidhi mhanoon niyuktichi vinanti kelee. rashtrapati linken yanni namankanas vilamb keela aanee tyanche uttaradhikari, adhyaksh andreau johnson yanni vegalya vyaktiche namankan karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
3 april 1870 roji tyachya mrutyuparyant nevego howellche nivassthan rahile. tyachi tisari patni, jichya aajarane tyala arizona pradeshatoon parat yenyas pravrutt kele, tee 5 janewari 1882 paryant jiwant rahili. doghannahi nevego gavatil smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale.