
kaifengla mangolancha vedha

1232 teey 1233 yaa kalat kaifengchya mangol vedhyat, mangol samrajyane jurchenchya netrutvakhalil jiin rajvanshachi rajdhani kaifeng tabyat ghetali. mangol samrajya aanee jiin rajvansh sumare done dashakanpasun yuddhat hote, 1211 madhye jiin rajvanshane mangolanna samant mhanoon sharan yenyacha prastav nakarlyanantar suruvat jhaali. ogedei khanane kaifengla vedha ghalanyasathi done sainya pathavale, eka tyachya netrutvakhali aanee dusare tyacha bhau tolui yachya netrutvakhali. ekada teey ekach sainyat villin jhaale qee, vedha ghalana subutaila sainyachi kamaan denyat aalee. mangol 8 april 1232 roji kaifengchya bhintinvar pohochale.
vedha shaharala sansadhananpasun vanchit thevat hota aanee tethil rahivasi dushkal aanee roganni vedhalele hote. jiin sainikanni agniban aanee darugolyachya bombney shaharache rakshan kele, jyat anek mangol marle gele aanee itar gambhir jakhami jhaale. jiin rajvanshane shantata karar karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu eka mangol mutsaddichya hatyene tyanche prayatna ayashasvi kele. jinacha samrat izong shaharatoon paloon kaizou shaharakade nighala. heey shahar senapati kuee lii yachya adhipatyakhali thevanyat aale, jyane samratachya nishthavantanna fashi dilee aanee lagechach mangolanna sharanagati patkarali. mangolanni 29 meey 1233 roji kaifengmadhye pravesh keela aanee shahar lutale. izongchya aatmahatyenantar aanee 1234 madhye kaizou tabyat ghetalyanantar rajvanshacha padav jhaala.
parshvabhoomi.
1206 madhye changej khanla khaghan ghoshit karnyat aale. tyachya netrutvakhali mangol ekatra aale hote aanee tyanni maidanatil pratispardhi jamatincha parabhav keela hota. yach kalat, chinache teen swatantra rajvanshatmak rajyanmadhye vibhajan jhaale. uttarela, jurchenchya netrutvakhalil jiin rajvanshachya niyantranakhali manchuria aanee huvai nadichya uttarekadil sampoorn chean hota. tangutchya netrutvakhalil paschim sheeya rajvanshane paschim chinchya kahee bhaganvar rajya kele, tarr song rajvanshane dakshinevar rajya kele. mangolanni 1210 madhye paschim ziache varchasva midavale. tyach varshi mangolanni tyanche samantatva jinala sodoon dile. jiin aanee mangol yanchyat shatrutva vadhat hote. mangolanna jiin pradeshachi samruddhi havee hotee. changejchya purvavartinpaiki eka asalelya ambaghaichi hatya kelyabaddal aanee vanyan yongji jurechen rajkumar asatana jiin samrat vanyan yongjine changejashi kelelya asabhy vaganukibaddal tyanna jinchya virodhat dvesh hota.
mangolanna kalale qee jinala dushkal padala aahe aanee 1211 madhye tyanni aakraman kele. mangolanni jiin pradeshat done sainya pathavale, tyapaiki eka changej yanchya netrutvakhali hote. jinane aapale sainya tayar kele aanee mangolanchya ghuskhorichya tayarisathi tyachi shahare balkat kelee. mangolanche dhoran chhotya vasahati tabyat ghenyavar aanee pramukh shaharanchya killyankade durlaksh karnyavar aadharit hote. tyanni jameen lutali aanee 1212 madhye maghar ghetali. pudhchya varshi mangol paratale aanee 1213 madhye jinchi rajdhani zongadula vedha ghatala. zongaduchya ladhait mangol shaharachya bhintinmadhye ghusu shakale naheet, parantu jiin samratala khandani denyas dhamkavale. 1214 madhye teey maghar ghetali. nantarchya varshi, aanakhi eka vedhyachya bhitine, jinane tyanchi rajdhani zongaduhun kaifengla halavali. jiin darbar shaharatoon paloon gela aahe heey kalalyavar mangolanni 1215 madhye zongadula punha ekada vedha ghatala. 31 meey roji shaharacha padav jhaala aanee 1216 paryant, jiin pradeshacha motha bhag mangolanchya niyantranakhali hota.
darmyan, jiin anek bandanni grast hota. manchuriyamadhye, yelu liugechya netrutvakhali khitananni jinpasoon swatantrya ghoshit kele aanee mangolanshi yutee kelee. 1213 madhye yelula mangolanchya adhinastha kathputali shasak mhanoon sinhasanavar basavanyat aale aanee tyala liavo rajvanshacha samrat hii padvi denyat aalee. puxian vannuchya netrutvakhali tyachya virodhat pathavaleli jurchen moheem yashasvi jhaali nahee. jiin rajvansh kosalanyachya margavar aahe heey lakshat yetach vannoone bund kele aanee 1215 madhye swatahla purv ziacha raja ghoshit kele. pudhe dakshinekade, 1214 madhye yang aangochya bandapasoon shandongmadhye bund suru jhaale hote. bandkhoranna laal coat mhanoon olakhale jaat hote, 1215 madhye tyanni paridhan kelelya ganveshanchya rangapasoon. 1215 madhye zongaduchya patananantar, mangolanni jinviruddhachya tyanchya yuddh prayatnancha aakar qamee keela aanee madhya aashiyavar aakraman karnyachya tayarisathi tyanchi sansadhane hastantarit kelee. jinane 1217 madhye yaa ganyavar aakraman karoon mangolanna jhalelya tyanchya pradeshik nukasanichi bharpai karnyacha prayatna keela. aakraman ayashasvi tharale, mhanoon jinala shantatesathi vataghati karayachya hotya, parantu yaa ganyane tyaa prastavanna nakar deela. 1218 paryant, jurchan mutsadyanna ganyala jaanyas manai karnyat aalee. jinviruddhache mangol yuddh qamee jhaale hote, parantu thambale navhate aanee general mukalichya netrutvakhali 1220 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant chalale. mukali 1223 madhye aajarpanamule maran pavala aanee jinviruddha mangolanchya mohima bund padalya. jinane yaa ganyasah shantatesathi sthayik kele, parantu yaa ganyane jinviruddha laal kotanchya bandkhoranna madat karane suru thewale. changej khaan aajari padala aanee 1227 madhye tyacha mrutyu jhaala. ogedei haah tyacha uttaradhikari hota aanee tyane 1230 madhye jinviruddhachya yuddhache nutanikaran kele.
vanshik hahn general shhee tianzene samrat izongcha pathlag karnyasathi sainyache netrutva kele kaaran tyane maghar ghetali aanee pucheng (shahar) yethe vanyan chengi (πιναν χεNGYi) chya netrutvakhalil 80,000-shaktishali jiin sainyacha naash keela. shhee tianzene mangol sainyat hahn tumenche netrutva kele kaaran tyache vadil shhee bingzi yanchya netrutvakhalil tyache kutumb jinchya virodhat mukalichya netrutvakhali mangolanmadhye gele.
kaifengla vedha.
1230 madhye done mangol sainya kaifengchi jiin rajdhani tabyat ghenyasathi pathvanyat aale, jyala tevha beanging asey naav denyat aale hote. eka sainya uttarekadun shaharakade jayache hote, tarr dusare dakshinela jaaun hallah karayache hote. ogedei khaan yane shanxi yetheel sainyache netrutva kele aanee tyacha bhau tolui yane shanxi yethe tainat asalelya sainyache netrutva kele. eka aajarane ogedei aanee tolui yanna aksham kele aanee tyanni mohimetil tyanchi bhoomika sodali. ogedei nantar punha barah jhaala, parantu pudhchya varshi toluicha mrutyu jhaala. 1231 chya uttaradhat aanee 1232 chya suruvatila jevha donhi sainya ekatra aale tevha subutaine ektrit mangol sainyache netrutva kele. mangol 28 janewari 1232 roji pivalya nadiparyant pohochale aanee 6 februwari roji kaifengchya aaspas jamoo lagale. tyanni 8 april roji shaharala vedha ghatala.
nyaymurtinni shantata kararavar vataghati karoon vedha sampavanyacha prayatna keela. 1232chya unhalyat karar karnyachya dishene kahee pragati jhaali, parantu mangol mutsaddi tang king aanee tyachya chamoochi nyayadhishanni hatya kelyane pudhil charcha ashakya jhaali. jiin nirash houu lagla. tyanni ektar kaifengche rakshan karnyasathi kinwa aaghadichya ranget asalelya mangolanshi ladhanyasathi samrajyatil bahutansh upalabdh purushanchi bharati kelee hotee. vataghati suru asatana, plegmule shaharatil loksankhya uddhvast hott hotee. upasamar mothya pramanat hott hota. lokankadoon jabardastine japt karnyat aalelya vastoo asoonahi, kaifengmadhye sathavalela puravatha sampat hota. shaharachya rajkiy vighatanane antargat dhoka asalyachi niradhar bheeti nirman kelee. shaharatil anek rahivashanna teey deshdrohi asalyachya sanshayavarun fashi denyat aalee.
shaharache sanrakshn lagech kosalale nahee. shahar kosalanyapurvi anek mahine jiin bund hota. 1232chya uttaradhat jurchen samratala paloon jaanyachi sandhee denyat aalee aanee too darbaratil adhikadhyanchya eka tukadisah nighun gela. tyane shaharache shasson general kuee leaver sodale aanee 26 februwari 1233 roji henan yetheel margdarshak shaharat pohochala, tyanantar 3 august roji kaizou yethe pohochala. samratachi maghar heey shaharache rakshan karananya sainikanchya manodhairyavar vinashkari hote. samratachya jaanyachya parshvabhumivar, kuine shaharat rahilelya samratachya nishthavantanna fashi denyache aadesh dile. vedha lambanivar takane heey aatmahatya aahe heey tyachya lakshat aale aanee tyane mangolanna sharan jaanyacha prastav deela. kuine kaifengchi daare ughadali aanee 29 meey roji mangolanna shaharat pravesh denyat aala. nantar tyachya netrutvakhalil eka vyaktichya patnicha upman kelyabaddal, vaiyaktik vadat too ladhaichya baher marla gela.
jevha shahar kosalale tevha mangolanni teey lutale, parantu tyaa kalatil bahutek vedhyanpramane tyanni vyaparas parvanagi dilee. shaharatil sarvat shrimant rahivashanni tyanchi vilasi vastoo mangol sainikanna atyant aavashyak asalelya annadhanyasathi vikali.
shaharat rahana rajgharanyatil purush sadasyanna pakadanyat aale aanee tyanna fashi denyat aalee. samradnyi dovagers serve shahee upapatni pakadalya gelya aanee uttarekade nenyat aalya.
lashkari tantradnyan.
itihaskar herbert phrank yanni yuddhavaril tyanchya mulyankanat asey nirikshan nondavale aahe qee lashkari tantradnyanachya itihaskaransathi haah vedha mahattvapoorn aahe. vedhalelya shaharat rahana jiin adhikaone sankalit kelelya ladhaichya sarvasamaveshak vruttavar aadharit, vedhyache anek tapasheel itihaskaranna maheet aahet. nyayalayin adhikaanyaanee virodhi sainyavar trabuchetsdware chalavalelya sphotake fodali. yuddhatil samkalin nondi bomb konatya prakriyedvare sodanyat aale hote yache varnan karatat. pratham, eka sainikane fuse petavala. trabuchetcha dorr odhala gela aanee bomb havet udavala gela. bomb kosalatach motha sphot jhaala, jyamule kavach aat shiroo shakanare nuksan jhaale. yaa sphotamule kadhikadhi yuddhbhumichya gavatal pradeshala aag lagali, jyamule suruvatichya sphotat jaree too jiwant rahila asala taree eka sainik jaloon maran pavoo shakato. aadhunik sphotakanpeksha heey bomb adhik pracheen hote aanee kadhikadhi teey khoop lavkar sphot karnyat kinwa sphot karnyat ayashasvi tharatat. mangol sainikanni shaharakade jaananya khandak khodoon bombcha pratikar keela, jeey tyanni varr fekalya jaananya sphotakanpasun sanrakshn karnyasathi gorakshanachya sanrakshakane jhakale hote. itihaskar stephen turnbullne dilelya anuvadat, jurechen adhikrut ahwalah
jinchya payadalala agnibhatti hotee. agnicha bhala haah eka bhala hota, jyala daruchya nalyane jodalele hote. yaa mishranat gandhak, kolasa aanee meeth pita, matiche bhande aanee lokhandi fillingschya barud ghatakanvyatirikt, samavisht hote. bhaletoon lagaleli jyot teen meater antaravar pohochali. shastrala prajvalit karnari garam keleli chimani yuddhat jurechen sainikanni lavalelya eka chhotya lokhandi peteet sathavali hotee. ekada darugola khalla qee, agnichi bhatti samanya bhalyasarkhi vaparali jaau shakate kinwa darugola bharalelya naveen nalidware punha bharoon kadhali jaau shakate.
jinache bomb aanee agnibhatti hii nyaymandalachi keval done shastre hotee, jyancha samna karnyas mangol savadh hote. darugolyachi jurchen upayojan vyapak hotee, parantu yaa tappyapurvi mangolanni darugolyanmadhun darugolyachi kharedi kelee hotee qee nahee heey nishchit nahee. herbert frankche mhanane aahe qee darugola donhi ladhvayyanchya shastragarat hota, parantu turnbulcha assa vishvas aahe qee keval jurinsnech tyacha vapar keela. mangolanni tyanche gulal mothe dagad kinwa darugolyache bomb bharoon jiin killyanvar fekale. yaa bandukimule shaharat jivitahani jhaali aanee jurechen trabuchates chalavanaya sainikanvar tyacha mansik parinam jhaala.
aitihasik mahatva.
kaifengchya vedhyamule jiin rajvansh apang jhaala, parantu tyacha naash jhaala nahee. rajvanshacha shevatcha samrat, samrat izong, pakadane talhala hota, parantu vedhyanantar too niradhar rahila. tyane shejaril geet rajgharanyala madatisathi vinavani karnyasathi aapale mutsaddi pathavale. jiin padlyanantar mangol yaa ganyavar aakraman kartil assa ishara tyanni deela aanee ganyatoon puravatha karanyachi vinanti kelee. yaa ganyane hii aupher nakarli. jinchya virodhat anek yuddhe ladhalelya yaa ganyane, anek dashakanpurvi uttar chinavar vijay midavalyabaddal nyaymurtincha santap vyakt keela. jinala madat karnyaivaji heey gaane mangolanshi jodale gele. tyanni lashkari sahkarya kele aanee ajunahi jinchya niyantranakhalil shevatchi shahare tabyat ghetali. december 1233 madhye, mangolanni kaizoula vedha ghatala, jithe izong kaifenghoon paloon gela hota. samrat vedha ghaloon shaharatoon paloon jaau shakala nahee aanee tyane aatmahatya kelee. 9 februwari 1234 roji mangolanni kaizouchya sanrakshanala tadaa gela. samrat izongcha ichchit uttaradhikari samrat moow tyach shaharat rahat hota aanee tyanantar lagechach too yuddhat marla gela. 9 februvaripasun 10 februwari roji tyachya mrutyuparyant tyache rajya done divasanpeksha qamee kaal chalale. jiin rajvanshacha shevat kaizouchya patnane jhaala.
jiin rajvanshachya samaptinantar eka varshanantar, samrat izongcha andaj yogya tharala, jevha mangolanni song rajvanshachya vijayala suruvat kelee.
itar rajgharanyatil mangolanchya vagnukishi tulana.
itihaskar patricia bakale ebre yanni namood kele qee mangol yuan rajvanshane jurchen vanyan rajgharanyashi kathor vaganuk dilee, shekado lokanni tasech paschim ziachya tangut samratane jevha tyacha aadhi parabhav keela tevha tyanchi kattal kelee. tathapi, jingkang ghatanetil jurchansachya spashtapane vipareet, mangol dakshinekadil ganyachya hahn chiinii zao rajgharanyabaddal udar hote, asey patriciane namood kele, rajdhani hangzoumadhil dakshinekadil donhi ganyanchya rajgharanyanna ganyachya samrat gong aanee tyachya aaisarkhe tasech tyateel nagarikanna vachavale aanee shaharala barkhast kele nahee, jyamule tyanna tyancha samanya vyavasay karnyas parvanagi midali, dakshinekadil ganyachya adhikanyanna punha kamavar ghetale. mangolanni dakshinekadil geet rajvadyatil mahilanna swatahsathi ghetale nahee, tarr tyaeivaji shangadumadhil hahn chiinii karagiranni rajvadyatil mahilanshi lagn kele. mangol samrat kublai khanane aaplya swatachya borjigin kutumbatil eka mangol rajkumarila sharanagati patkarlelya hahn chiinii dakshini ganyacha samrat gong auph songla patni mhanoon dile aanee tyanna zao vanpu navacha mulga jhaala. mangol neta changej khanane jurchen jiin rajvanshala zongaduchya ladhait majee jurchen vanyan jiin samrat vanyan yongjichi mulgi, keechi jiin jurchen vanyan rajkumari (<unk> <unk> Â) zongaduchya ladhait upapatni mhanoon changejala denyas bhag padale. 1233 madhye jiin rajvanshachya jyoorchenchya virodhat kaifengchya mangol vedhyat, jinchya virodhat mangolankade valananya mangol aanee hahn chiinii lokanni jiin jurechen vanyan shahee kutumbatil purush sadasyanchi kattal kelee aanee jiin jurechen vanyan shahee mahilanna jiin upapatni aanee jiin jurechen vanyan rajkumarinsaha yuddh luut mhanoon mangoliyala nele. jevha shahar kosalale tevha mangolanni teey lutale, parantu tyaa kalatil bahutek vedhyanpramane tyanni vyaparas parvanagi dilee. shaharatil sarvat shrimant rahivashanni tyanchi vilasi vastoo mangol sainikanna atyant aavashyak asalelya annadhanyasathi vikali. shaharat rahana jurchen jiin vanyan rajgharanyatil purush sadasyanna pakadanyat aale aanee tyanna fashi denyat aalee. samradnyi dovagers serve jiin shahee upapatni pakadalya gelya aanee uttarekade nenyat aalya.