
sitatunga

sitatunga (tragelaphus spicky) kinwa marshbuck haah sampoorn madhya aafriket aadhalanara daldalimadhye rahnara madhyam aakaracha kalveet aahe, joou kangoche lokshahi prajasattak, kangoche prajasattak, cameroon, dakshin sudanche kahee bhag, vishuvavruttiy giinii, burundi, ghaana, botswana, ravanda, zambia, gabon, madhya african prajasattak, tanzania, uganda aanee keeniya yavar kendrit aahe.
sitatunga heey bahutek daldalichya aanee daldalichya adhivasapurate maryadit aahe. yethe teey unch aanee ghandat vanaspati tasech hangami daldali, jangalanmadhil daldalichi safsafai, nadikathchya zudupanmadhye aanee kharfutichya daldalimadhye aadhaltat.
vargikaran aanee anuvanshiki.
sitatungache vaidnyanik naav 'tragelaphus spicky' aahe. yaa prajatiche varnan sarvapratham 1863 madhye ingraji sanshodhak johnn hanning speek yanni kele hote. spekne pahilyanda 'little windermer' (aata lake lvello, kagera, tanzania yethe sthit) navachya talavat sitatungache nirikshan kele. tyachya 'journal auph daad discovery auph daad soars auph daad nail' yaa pustakat, spekne yaa pranyala 'enzoe' (pranyache kiswahili naav) kinwa 'watter-boqa' (panyache harnasarkhe asalyamule) asey mhatale aahe. yaa vaidnyanik navache anekada 'tii' asey chukiche varnan kele gele aahe. spickei' aanee ektar speek kinwa sclaterla dwipadi pradhikaran mhanoon sambodhale jaate. 
spekne aaplya pustakatil eka padatikat mhatale hote qee, ingraji pranishastradnya phillip sclatter yanni yaa prajatila 'tragelaphus spicky' asey naav dile hote. tathapi, pranishastriy namkaran aantarrashtriy sanhita (lekh 50.1.1) aanee pranishastriy namkaranavaril aantarrashtriy aayoganusar, jyane prajatiche pratham varnan kelelya vyaktila manyata dilee aahe, keval padatipatil adhikari mhanoon sclatter ghoshit karane tyala lekhak mhanoon manyata denyasathi purese nahee. tyamule, spekala yogya adhikar mhanoon manyata denyat aalee aanee tii. spicky (jethe spicky heey lattin 'specius' chey aanuvanshik aahe) heey prajatiche yogya naav manale jaat asey.
sitatunga haah 'tragelaphus' vanshantargat aanee bovide kutumbat thewala jaato. 2005 madhye, kwazulu-natal vidyapithachya (durban) sandy vilo-munro yanni nauu "tragelaphus" prajatinche mitochondrial vishleshan kele. emm. tii. dii. aine. aii. aanee aine. dii. aine. aii. detachi tulana karnyat aalee. parinamanni darshavile qee sittunga adhik bongo (tii. uricerus) haah parvat nyala (tii.) saha eka monophilatic vansh tayar karato. buxtony) aanee bushbak (tii. scripts "). daad grater kudu (tii. strepsiseros) andaje 86 laakh varshanpurvi yaa vanshapasoon vibhakt jhaale.
tragelaphus" madhye, bushbak, bongo, sitatunga aanee nyayala ("tii. angasi ") heey visheshtah jawalche natevaik aahet. bushbak aanee sitatunga heey sankarikaranasathi anuvanshikdrushtya purese samaan aahet. bongo aanee sitatunga yanchyatil sankarit sankarit vanaspati supic asalyache siddha jhaale aahe. torotragus' (elands) aanee 'tragelaphus' yaa vanshancha samavesh asalelya strepsiserotini jamatichya itar konatyahi sadasyapeksha sitatunga tyachya samanya varnanmadhye adhik badaloo shakate, bahudha tyanchya daldalichya aanee daldalichya adhivasanmadhye bandist asalyamule.
kesanchi rachana, kotcha rung aanee kotche patte yasarkhya sharirik vaishishtyanchya aadhare sitatungachya daha upprajati varnan kelya gelya aahet. tathapi, heey ghatak vishvasarh nastil kaaran kesanchi rachana havamananusar badaloo shakate, tarr pelejacha rung aanee khuna vyaktinmadhye mothya pramanat badaltat. shivay, coat gadad houu shakato aanee vayanusar, visheshtah purushanmadhye, tyavarche patte aanee daag qamee houu shakatat. prajati eksaman dekhil asoo shakatat, tathapi, vegvegalya jalnissaran pranalinvar aadharit, teen bhinn upprajati sadhya olakhalya jaatatah
varnan.
sittunga haah madhyam aakaracha kalveet aahe. haah laingikdrushtya dvirup aahe, jyamadhye purush mahilanpeksha barech mothe asatat. doke aanee sharirachi lambi samanyatah purush aanee mahilanmadhye darmyan asate. purush sadharanpane khandyaparyant pohochatat, tarr striya pohochatat. purushanche vajan samanyatah asate, tarr mahilanche vajan asate. shepati lamb asate. rassachya aakarache qaan lamb asatat. keval narr shinge asatat; hii sarpil aakarachi asatat, eka kinwa done valane asatat aanee lamb asatat. pelaj aanee spoor vagalata, sittunga haah niyalapasoon jawaljawal vegale karata yet nahee. spekne nidarshanas aanoon dile qee, jaree jalchar pranyashi "jawalcha sambandh" asala taree sitatungala patte nasatat aanee tyaeivaji too disato.
kotcha rung bhaugolikdrushtya badalato, parantu sarvasadharanpane, kishoravayin mulanmadhye rufus laal aanee mahilanmadhye chestnut asato. chehnyavaril pandhya khuna, tasech sarvatra anek patte aanee daag aahet, jaree teey fakt mand najarene disatat. ghashavar, dokyajaval aanee chhatijaval pandhare thipke disu shakatat. vandhyatvatil sugandh granthichi eka jodee upasthit asate. purushanche coat vayanusar kaale hotat, teey rakhadi teey gadad tapkiri hotat. purushanmadhye eka khadbadit aanee khadbadit mann, samanyatah tapkiri rangacha aanee pandhya prushthbhagavaril pattyacha vikas hoto. purushanchya dolhyanmadhye eka shevron asato.
yaa kalveetanche shareer aanee paay visheshtah tyachya daldalichya adhivasasathi anukool aahet. naranchya khurr lamb aanee mothya pramanat khilalelya asatat. rubbery, khadbadit, jaal-vikarshak aavarnavar patal aanee chikhalyukt vanaspatincha kameet qamee parinam hoto. shinganchya mage vaknyabarobar (purushanmadhye) faata-sarkhya aakaracha aanee dokyacha khalee utarane, daat vanaspatinmadhun sahajpane navigation pradan karate. purvekadil khurr lavchik asatat aanee kelyasarkhya aakarachya khuranchi lambi magchya payaparyant aanee pudhchya payaparyant pohochu shakate. tokdar payachi bote tyala panyatoon haloohaloo aanee jawaljawal aavajarahitpane chalanyas anumati detat. shivay, kotcha rung eka utkrusht chhadmavaran pradan karato. shravan tivra asate aanee qaan itake sanrachit asatat qee prani dhwani kothoon aala aahe yachee disha achookpane tharvu shakato. paryavaranachi ghanata aanee andharamule lamb drushtiche moolya khoop qamee asalelya adhivasanmadhye heey anukulan sakhol upayukt aahe.
paryavaran aanee vartan.
sitatunga pramukhyane pahatenantarchya pahatechya velee, sandhyakalchya aadhiche shevatche eka kinwa done taas aanee ratri sakriy asatat aanee yaa velecha motha bhag khanyat ghalavatat. mulat, teey sapat bhagat aanee nalanchya khaata, visheshtah divasa garam bhagat, vishranti ghetat. divasa teey kvachitach tyanche daldaliche nivassthan sodatat. sitatung samanyatah jodya tayar karat asale kinwa ekte rahat asale taree, mothe gut dekhil disun aale aahet. keniyatil eka abhyasat nauu vyaktinchya kalapachi nond karnyat aalee, jyat eka praudh narr, chaar maadee aanee chaar alpavayin yancha samavesh hota. shithil gut tayar houu shakatat parantu vyaktinmadhil parasparsanvad khoop qamee asato. vyakti samanyatah keval tyanchya swatachya lingabarobarach sambandh jodatat.
sitatunga pradeshik nahee. purush itar narr shinge bund karoon tyanchya shinge vaparoon vanaspatinvar hallah karoo shakatat. dhokyache pradarshan mhanoon teey jaminivar rujalelya magchya payansah tyanche pudhil paay varr uchalat fenting karoo shakatat. sittunga pratham tyanchya nakala sparsh karoon ekmekanshi sanvad sadhato, jyanantar ekmekanna chatane aanee chawa ghene asey houu shakate. doke unch dharoon aanee eka paay varr thevun, chintet asalele prani sthir ubhe rahoo shakatat. sittunga kadhikadhi khokala kinwa bhukechi malika utsarjit karoo shakate, sahasa ratri, jyamule itar prani sameel houu shakatat aanee heey aavaj daldalimadhye aikoo yetat. yaa bhunkanyacha vapar striya itar mahilanna savadh karnyasathi karoo shakatat. samagam kalat maadee kinwa maadee kalap bhetalyavar purush anekada qamee aavaj karatat. jevan kartana qamee aavajat kinchali kelee jaau shakate. maata tyanchya vasaranshi raktastravadvare sanvad sadhatat.
sittunga dakshinekadil lechave kalpanna khau kinwa aaram karoo shakato, parantu tyanchyashi sanvad sadhat nahee. teey anekada pivalya-bilyukt aukspekar, african jacana aanee gret aggretsna aakarshit karatat. sittunga heey changle jaltaranpatu aahet, parantu magarinpasoon vachanyasathi teey bharpur vanaspati asalelya panyapurte maryadit rahatat. kahee prakarananmadhye, udaharanarth, mashanmule tras hott asatana kinwa shikari tyancha pathlag karat asatana, sittunga naak aanee dolhe vagalata swatahla purnapane panyat budavoon takoo shakatat, jeey teey panyachya prushthbhagachya kinchit varr thevatat. panyashi jawalcha sambandh asalyamule, sitatungache varnan anekada pankulyapramane "jaleey kalveet" asey kele jaate. teey anekada panyat khallyanantar swatahla suryaprakashat korade karatat. sitatungachya shikari pranyanmadhye sinh, jangali kutre, magri aanee bibate yancha samavesh aahe.
aahar.
sitatunga heey nivadak aanee mishra khadyapadarth aahet. teey pramukhyane naveen paaney, taje gavat, shevanya aanee shodhane khatat. pasantichya vanaspatinmadhye bulrush ("typha"), sages ("cyperus"), jaleey gavat ("vosia", "echinocloa", "penicitum", "lyrcia", "acrosera" aanee "panicum" yancha samavesh hoto. saiva daldalichya rashtriy udyanat (kenya) ambelifera aanee acanthesymadhil prajatinna pradhanya dile jaate aanee bangavelu aanee busanga (kafue rashtriy udyanat) madhye fabacy prajatinna pradhanya dile jaate. teey mukhytah panthal pradeshachya kathavar khatat. jethe panyachi patali lakshaniyaritya badalate asha daldalimadhye aahar pradhanye hangaminusar badaloo shakatat. grenukpramanech, sitatunga zadanchya unch fandyanparyant pohochanyasathi tyachya magchya payanvar ubha rahoo shakato kinwa fandya khalee khechanyasathi tyachya shingancha dekhil vapar karoo shakato.
eka abhyasat yaa pranyane khallelya chalis pramukh prajatinchi nond kelee gelee, jyapaiki bahutansh vanaspati hotya. god batate heey sarvat pasantiche peak hote. hangami khadyapadarthanchya badalanmule pikanchya pradhanyat vaadh hoil assa andaj abhyasane vartavala. aanakhi eka abhyasat asey disun aale aahe qee varshik puramule prajatinchya hangami halchalinvar aanee aaharavar parinam hoto. jevha panyachi patali jaast asate tevha yaa puranmule prani nalanchya talyantun panyakhalil gavatal pradeshanvar jaanyas bhag padatat. panyachya khalchya staravar gurade purgrast maidani bhagavar kabja karatat aanee sitatungla tyanchya mool thikani parat pathavtat.
punarutpadan.
mahila vayachya eka varshaparyant laingikdrushtya paripakv hotat, tarr purush praudh honyapurvi deed varsh ghetat. prajnan varshbhar hote. jevha striya ekatra yetat, tevha purushanmadhye bahupatneetva darshavat, purush jodidarachya hakkasathi ekmekanmadhye spardha karatat. zapatlela narr, tichya yonila soonghat, khalchya vakanyachya sthiteet madichya jawal jaato. maadee haloohaloo haloo shakate kinwa aswasthatene pratikriya deu shakate. jaree tee stree paloon gelee taree, purush ghaichi konatihi chinhe naan dakhavata ticha satatyane pathlag karat rahato. grahansheel stree tond ughade thevun aapale doke varr uchalel, jyanantar purush chadhanyache prayatna suru karel. chadhatana maadee tiche doke khalee aanate, tarr purush pratham vakato aanee nantar tyache pudhil paay saral karato aanee tyache doke aanee maan tichya pathivar thevato. doghe eka kinwa done divas ekatra rahatat, tyaa kalat purush heey sunishchit karato qee itar konatahi purush madichya jawal jaau shakat nahee.
garbhadharana sumare aath mahine tikate, jyanantar samanyatah eka vasar janmala yete. jaree koradya hangamat uchchank gathala jaau shakato, taree prasooti varshbhar hote. vasare kushalatene lapavali jaatat aanee itar anek sitatungachya upasthititach aavaranatun baher aanali jaatat. aaee vasarakade pahate aanee tyala shushrusha denyasathi bolavanyasathi maan dolavate. eka vasar tichya aaeene dusya vasarala janm dilyanantarhi ticha pathlag karate. aaee sumare sahaa mahine tichya vasarala dudh pajate aanee chatate. sitatungachya vishesh chaleet prabhutva midvinyasathi vasarala vel lagato aanee tyamule anekada tyache santulan bighadte aanee too panyat padato. intresexual spardhemule purush aanee kahee striya dekhil laingik paripakvata gathanyapurvich tyanche kalap sodoon jaatana disun aale aahe. bandivasat nondavalela ayurman sarasari 22 teey 23 varshe aahe.
adhivas aanee vitaran.
sitatunga haah daldalichya aanee daldalichya adhivasanmadhye maryadit asalela ubhaychar kalveet (mhanje too jameen aanee paanee yaa donhi thikani rahoo shakato) aahe. teey barmahi tasech hangami daldalichya unch aanee daat vanaspatinmadhye, jangalanmadhil daldalichya jaaga, nadikathchya zudupanmadhye aanee kharfutichya daldalimadhye aadhaltat. sittunga tyanchya daldalichya adhivasamadhye spashtapane chinhankit kelelya marganvar chalato, jyamule anekada naliche khate tayar hotat. yaa rulanmule, rundaparyant, khadyakshetra aanee jawalchya nadikathchya jangalanna chalana miloo shakate. sitatunga heey savannamadhil jalashayanjavalil chhotya gharanchya parvataranganmadhye aadhaltat, teey samanyatah papayaras aanee nalanchya ("fragmites" prajati aanee "echinocloa pyramidalis") pattyanmadhye aadhaltat. teey sudd daldalitil nail lechvesah aanee angola, botswana aanee zambiyatil dakshin lechvesah tyanche nivassthan samayik karatat.
sitatunga haah angola, benin, botswana, burundi, cameroon, madhya african prajasattak, chaad, kongoche lokshahi prajasattak, vishuvavruttiy giinii, gabon, gambia, ghaana, giinii, giinii-bisau, keeniya, mosambic, namibia, nigeria, ravanda, senegal, dakshin sudan, tanzania, uganda, zambia aanee zimbabwe yethe moolcha aahe. nayajarmadhye too namshesh jhaala aahe, jithe too purvi lake chaad pradeshat aadhalala hota aanee togomadhye namshesh honyachi bheeti aahe, jithe ghandat manvi vasahatinni tyache nivassthan tabyat ghetale aahe. paschim aafriket sthanik aanee turalak asale taree, sitatunga ajunahi madhya aafriketil jangalanmadhye aanee madhya, purv aanee dakshin aafriketil kahee daldalichya pradeshanmadhye samanya aahe.
dhoke aanee sanwardhan.
adhivasache nuksan haah sitatungachya astitvasathi sarvat gambhir dhoka aahe. itar dhokyanmadhye panthal pradeshanche vadhate nuksan, jyat vegali loksankhya aahe; aanee panyachya patalit dirghakalin badal, jeey jawalchya vanaspatinvar parinam karatat aanee tyamule tyanchya aaharavar parinam karatat. bangavelu aanee busangache vishal bhag darvarshi jaalale jaatat, jyamule daldalichi jwalansheelata lakshat gheta sittunga sarkhya pranyanna gambhir dhoka asato. nisarg aanee naisargik sansadhananchya sanvardhanasathichya aantarrashtriy sanghatnene (aay. yuu. see. aine.) aanee washington adhiveshanachya (sandarbh) parishisht III (ghaana) antargat sitatungache vargikaran kamitakami chintechya shreneet kele aahe.
senegalmadhye, mansasathi tivra shikar aanee adhivasachya hasamule sittunga atishay durmil jhaala aahe. purvi heey sampoorn gambiyamadhye samanya hote, parantu aata teey kahee durgam daldalipurte maryadit aahe; abuko nisarg rakheev pradeshat eka loksankhya samavisht karnyat aalee aahe. dusarikade, jaree sthanik lock pramukhyane annasathi yaa pranyachi shikar karat asale, taree botswana ajunahi ekoon loksankhyechya mothya bhagala aadhar deto. jagatil kahee sarvat mothya sitatunga chashakanchi nirmiti karananya uttar botsavanasathi yaa prajatila mothe aarthik mahatva aahe. chaad, ghaana, giinii, burundi aanee mosambic aanee zimbabwemadhye tyachi sthitee aspasht aahe. cameroon, madhya african prajasattak, kongoche lokshahi prajasattak, vishuvavruttiy giinii, gabon, tanzania aanee zambia yasarkhya deshanmadhye ajunahi lakshaniy loksankhya astitvat aahe. tyachya adhivasachya anupalabdhatemule loksankhyecha andaj lavane khoop katheen jhaale aahe. 1999 madhye, aay. yuu. see. aine. ess. ess. see. mrug tadnya gatachya purvekadil rodney ekoon 1,70,000 loksankhya asalyacha andaj vartavala hota, parantu haah andaj atiaakalaniy asanyachi shakyata aahe. avjad manvi vastee asalelya bhagat tyachi sankhya qamee hott aahe, parantu itaratra sthir aahe.
sumare 40 takke loksankhya (170,000 chya atiaakanshevar aadharit) sanrakshit bhagat aadhalate, pramukhyane okawango tribhuj pradesh aanee linyanti aanee chobe daldali (botswana); dii. jeey. aii. pranisangrahalay aanee lobke rashtriy udyan (cameroon); bangasou (madhya africi prajasattak); odzala rashtriy udyan, lake tele samudayik rakheev, likoala aanee salonga rashtriy udyan (kongoche lokshahi prajasattak); monte elen rashtriy udyan (vishuvavruttiy giinii); saiva daldali rashtriy udyan (kenya); aakagera rashtriy udyan (ravanda); moyovosi aanee kigosi khel rakheev (tanzania); bangavelu aanee busanga daldali (zambia). tathapi, yapaiki keval kahee udyane aahet aanee rakheev jaaga changlya prakare sanrakshit aanee vyavasthapit aahet.