
nexum

nexum haah suruvatichya roman prajasattakatil karj bandhanacha karar hota. karjdarane tyachya vyaktila taaran mhanoon gahan thewale, jarr tyane tyachya karjavar chook kelee. kararababatche tapasheel aspasht aahet aanee kahee aadhunik vidwan tyachya astitvavar aakshep ghetat. ii. sha. puu. 326 kinwa 313 madhye too kathitpane radd karnyat aala hota.
karar.
nexum haah 'mancipatio' chaa eka prakar hota, adhikaranche pratikatmak hastantaran jyamadhye taraju, tambyache vajan aanee sutrabaddha shapath yancha samavesh hota. karjdaranni tyanchya karjasah suruvatila 'nexum' karar keela qee tyanni vidyaman karj fedane shakya naan jhalyanantar swechhene tase kele heey adyap aspasht aahe. tasech 'nexum' neey karj kase maaf kele heey dekhil spasht naheeh karjachi paratfed hoiparyant, karjavaril vyajachya badalyat shram kinwa swatah bharnyachya badalyat shram hoiparyant 'nexus' laa shram karave lagale asavet. shevatchya prakaranat, karj "bund jhaale asate". ekhadya karjdarane tyaa tisya pakshacha bandhak honyachya badalyat tisya pakshakadoon tyanchi karje fedali asanyachihi shakyata aahe.
konatyahi paristhitit, asey karar aichchhik hote-pramanit karj bandhanachya ulat jyamadhye ekhadya vyaktila karj fedanyat ayashasvi tharalyabaddal gulam banavale gele hote-aanee kadachit bandhanat adakaleli vyakti tethe kayamswarupi rahili asavi. yavyatirikt, heey shakya aahe qee "nexum" kararache anek prakar hote aanee "nexum" kararache tapasheel prakaran-darr-prakaran aadharavar tayar kele gele hote.
kararacha uddesh dekhil aspasht aahe. jarr teey karjachi paratfed karnyachya badalyat shramachya madhyamatoon karjachi paratfed karnyache sadhan nasel, tarr karjdarane twarit paratfed kelee nasel tarr karjdarala "karjdaravar vaiyaktik amalbajavani suru thevanyachi" parvanagi detana twarit paratfed sunishchit karnyacha haah eka sanket asoo shakato. kahee vidwan 'nexum' chya vishisht astitvavar shanka ghetat. 
mukt vyaktichya swatantryavar ('libertas') nirbandh aanat asoonahi, karjdaransathi gulamgiri kinwa mrutyupeksha 'nexum' laa pradhanya dile geleh baaraa taktyankhalil karjachi paratfed naan kelyane ektar gulamgiri aanee vikridvare nagrikatvache haqq gamavale gele. jaree 'nexi' laa anekada tyanchya karjdaranni marhan kelee aanee gairvartan kele, taree tyanni tyanche roman nagrikatva aanee adhikar (jarr kahivela keval siddhantanusar) kayam thewale. karjdaranna 'nexum' kararatoon adhik fayda houu shakato, kaaran tyanna gulamaivaji prerit kantrati kamgar midala. runee 'pitrutva parivar' kinwa roman gharanyacha kayadeshir pramukh, tyachya mulala swataivaji 'nexum' sathee deu shakato.
itihas.
jaminichi maryadit aanee parivartanshil wahan kshamata aanee garibeecha parinam mhanoon rome aanee itar puratan samajanmadhye karj bandhan samanya hote. roman sarvajanik jaminivaril () sanrakshakanchya varchasvachya chitranasah, suruvatichya prajasattakachya paramparik vruttantanvarun asey soochit hote qee jaminichya malkitil asamanatemule shetkyanna sanrakshakansathi jameen kaam karnyasathi shoshak gulamgirit jaave lagale. romchya gallic backebaddal livhichya kathevarun asey soochit hote qee shatru sainyachya vyatyayamule anek shetkari niradhar jhaale aanee tyanantar, too lokanna gulamgiritun mukt karnyasathichya aandolanache varnan karato.
auguston kalatil itihaskar livichya matey, lucius papyrius yaa ekach vyajdarachya atee kroortemule aanee vasanamule 'nexum' radd karnyat aala. too ahwal deto qee ii. sha. puu. 326 madhye, gayus publilius navacha eka tarun mulga tyachya vadilanchya karjachi hummy denara hota, joou papariuscha "santhganth" banala. (dusya aavruttit, halicarnasuschya dionysiusne nondavale aahe qee publiliusne tyachya vadilanchya antyasanskarasathi paise udhar ghetale hote.) too mulga tyachya tarunyasathi aanee saundaryasathi prasiddha hota aanee papariusne tyala laingikdrushtya havey hote. tyane publicaliusla fasavanyacha prayatna keela; jevha nakarle gele, tevha papyrius adheer jhaala aanee tyane mulala bandhu mhanoon tyachya padachi aathvan karoon dilee aanee tyala kapade kadhoon marayala lavale. jakhami mulga rastyavar dhawla aanee lokanmadhil aardaorda yamule vanijyadutanni 'lakes cavelia papiriya' paas kele, jyat karjdaranna tyanchya karjasathi gulamgirit thevanyas manai hotee aanee tyaeivaji karjdarachya malmattecha vapar samparshvik mhanoon karane aavashyak hote. nexum' kararantargat bandist asalelya serve lokanna sodanyat aale aanee tyanantar kayadeshir kararacha eka prakar mhanoon 'nexum' varr bandee ghalanyat aalee.
verro paryayipane 'nexum' radd karanyachi tarikh ii. sha. puu. 313 paryant dete, gayus kavayitri libo visolasachya hukumshahichya kalat, joou ii. sha. puu. 326 madhye vanijyadut asalelya kavayitricha samaan naav asalela mulga asata.
nexum" chya nirmulanavishayichi aadhunik matey roman vijayachya sanrachanatmak aarthik shaktinshi dekhil sambandhit aaheth dusya sumnite yuddhachya veleparyant roman shastranchya yashamule mothya pramanat mukt jameen nirman jhaali asatee jyavar roman vasahati sthanik bandhkamagaranchya badalyat gulamanchya sambandhit oghasah sthayik jhaale hote, jyamule "nexum" heey bhootkalatil avashesh banale.
cicero yanni 'nexum' radd karane heey pramukhyane sarvajanik janatela tatpurte shant karnyasathiche rajkiy davpech manale, jyanni siserochya kalaparyant (konatyahi kathit 'lakes cavelia papiriya' nantar sumare teenshe varshanni) teen purn-pramanatil futiratahi kelya asey manale jaat hoteh
jevha loksamuday sarvajanik aapattimule honanya kharchamule itka kamkuvat jhaala aahe qee teey tyanchya ozekhali marg sodatat, tevha yaa vargachya adchaninsathi, nagarikanchya sampoorn sharirachya surakshesathi kahee dilasa kinwa upay shodhala gela aahe.
jaree 'lakes kavayitri' neey karjasathi turungwas ughadpane radd keela asala, taree rommadhye karjache bandhan nantar barach kaal chaloo rahile. asha aadeshanantarhi nyayalaye karjdaranna diwalkhor karjdaranna bandhpatra gulam mhanoon ghenyacha adhikar deu shakatat.
vyutpatti.
vero' haah shabd 'nexum' haah shabd 'aekhadyacha swatacha nahee' yaa 'nexum' yaa shabdapasoon aala aahe aanee jaree aadhunik vaidnyanik bhashashastrachya prakashat tee vyutpatti chukichi asali, taree romanla hii sandnya kashee samajali heey yatoon spasht hote.
1879 madheel lattin shabdakosh, levis aanee short, haah shabd tyaeivaji 'aay bind' yaa kriyapadavarun aala aahe.
bahya duve.
livy, "romcha itihas viii.28", "daad perseus digital library". 10 meey 2007 roji punarprapt.