
purvashikshan

tathakathit kinwa paee (ingrajih prussian soochana) haah granthalayansathi niyamancha eka soochibaddha sanch aahe joou german bhashik deshanmadhil aanee tyapalikade vaidnyanik granthalayanmadhye vaparla jaat asey. pratham 1899 madhye prakashit jhalelya paichya jaagi 1980 chya dashakapasun (rack) sarkhya niyamanchya itar sanchanni badalale gele, jyachya jaagi 2015 pasoon sansadhan varnan aanee pravesh (rda) niyam badalanyat aale aahet.
itihas.
aadhich 1874 madhye (hectorograph keleli aavrutti) aanee 1886 madhye (mudrit aavrutti), breslau yetheel vidyapith granthalayatil carl franz oto ziatzko yanni '(ingrajih vrokla soochana)' yaa shirshakakhali soochibaddha niyamancha sanch sadar keela hota. tithe shirshakancha kram paribhashit keela gela, parantu granthasuchitil dhwanimudran nahee.
1890 madhye, berlinmadhil daad. neey "soochana" tayar kelya jyaa praveshavar niyantran thevatat parantu praveshkramanvar nahee.
1899 madhye, soochananchya yaa done sanchanmadhun eka tadjod jhaali, parinami niyamancha pahila eksaman sanch, '(paee). teey pahilyanda 10 meey 1899 roji 'yaa' shirshakakhali prakashit jhaale. frydrich althoffchya nantarchya karmchanyane paichya nirmitimadhye nirnayak bhoomika bajavali. dusari aavrutti 1908 madhye prakashit jhaali. paine nantarchya (ingrajih german general catalog) sathee aadhar tayar keela.
tyanchya kalat, german granthalayatil bhupradeshatil paay heey eka mothe paul hote aanee teey adhunmadhun prushiyachya baherhi sweekarle jaat asat. tyanche aadarsh asoonahi, digital sanganak suru honyapurvi bavariya, hese, saxony aanee itar paramparik german granthalay sthananmadhil kahee mahattvachya granthalayanchya soochimadhye margdarshak tattvancha eksaman aanee purnapane susangat vapar karane anekada shakya navhate. granthalayanchya aantarrashtriy jaalyamadhye, jeey niyam german bhashechya sanrachaneshi jodalele hote aanee tyamule itar bhashanmadhye hastantarit karane katheen hote, tyanchi jaaga itar niyamanchya sanchanni ghetali aahe.
payache eka vaishishtya mhanje bahu-lekhak lekhan (chaar kinwa adhik lekhakansah) aanee vastusthitishi nigadit shirshak lekhan heey 'vyakaran kramanusar' tattvanusar kramvarit kele gele. yacha arth assa qee samanyatah pahile swatantra sandnya (card) catalogmadhil vargikaranasathi sambandhit aahe. lekh aanee purvpadankade durlaksh kele jaate. yavyatirikt, corporate sansthankhalil paimadhye konatyahi nondi naheet. shirshake yantrikaritya navhe tarr vyakarandrushtya mandali jaatat aanee sahitya tyachya shirshakakhali nondavale jaate. aay" aanee "jeey" yaa aksharanmadhye konatahi farak nahee aanee german umlouts tyanchya gair-dvi-gambhir aksharanchya barobarine kramvarit ghatalya jaatat. payachya pramanikaran prakriyecha bhag mhanoon 1898 madhye lattinmadhye sirilikche vaidnyanik lipyantaran pahilyanda suru karnyat aale. lekhakachi prakashne gatanmadhye vibhagali jaatatah pratham, kamanchya aavrutya soochibaddha kelya jaatat, nantar aanshik sangrah, tukade aanee kamanche utare, tyanantarach vaiyaktik lekhan.
niyam lagoo karane tulanene guntaguntiche aanee online sarvajanik pravesh soochi (opac) sarkhya online soochisathi ayogya aahe, parinami teey aaj kvachitach vaparale jaatat. tathapi, mukhya shabdanche anusaran karananya granthalay soochipatranchya babatit kinwa tyanusar sanrachit nirdeshikanchya babatit, yaa niyamanche dnyan ajunahi upayukt aahe. tasech, granthalayanmadhye ajunahi aitihasik malki astitvat aahe jee paee pranalivar aadharit soochimadhye aayojit kelee jaatat.