
ayrish kararbaddha sevak

ayrish kararbaddha sevak heey ayrish lock hote jeey british west indies (visheshtah barbados, jamaika aanee leavered bete), british uttar america aanee nantar austreliya yasarkhya british samrajyachya niyantranakhalil pradeshanmadhye kararbaddha sevak banale.
kararadarmyan naveen jagaat jaanyasathi aanee ann, gruhnirman aanee niwara denyachya badalyat saat varshanparyant shram denyas kararanni sahmati darshavali. yaa kalavadhichya shevati, tyanchya malakanni tyanna ektar jameen kinwa bhandavalachya swarupat "swatantrya deyake" dene kayadeshiraritya aavashyak hote. ekhadya kararbaddha sevakacha karar kayada modalyabaddal, jase qee paloon jaane kinwa mahila sevikanchya babatit, garbhavati honyachya shikshesathi vadhavala jaau shakato.
jeey anichhene vahoon nele gele teey karar navhate. teey rajkiy kaidi, bhatkya kinwa asey lock hote jyanna ingraji rajyane 'avanchhaniy' mhanoon paribhashit kele hote. 17 vya shatkat, cromwellion vijay aanee irelandchya vasahatidarmyan (1649-1653) ayrish lokanchi dandatmak vahtook tyachya shikharavar hotee. yaa kalat, hajaro ayrish lokanna tyanchya ichcheviruddha caribeanmadhye kinwa 'barbados' madhye pathvanyat aale. victorian kalaparyant ashach pratha suru rahilya, ayrish rajkiy kaidyanna austreliyatil shahee british dandatmak vasahatinmadhye pathvanyat aale. jaree teey vegale asale taree karar aanee vahatookdar ekatra kele gele aahet.
aitihasik parshvabhoomi.
itar europeey lokanchya americet honanya halchalinpramanech, caribean aanee british uttar americet ayrish sthalantaras guntaguntichi karane hotee. solavya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee sataravya shatkachya suruvatila irelandmadhye ulthapalathicha kaal hota, tarr ingraji vijay aanee vasahatvad, parinami dharmik chhal aanee peak apayash (kahee irelandvaril tudor vijay jaanunbujun jhalelya parinamacha parinam mhanoon) yamule anek ayrish lock itaratra changle jeevan kinwa astitva shodhanyas pravrutt jhaale. tyanchya ingraji aanee scottish samakakshanpramanech, sataravya shatkachya suruvatila ayrish lock 'rush phaur american colonese' madhye sakriy sahbhagi hote. bahutekanni kararbaddha sevak mhanoon naveen jagaat pravas keela, parantu itar vyapari aanee jamindar hote jeey vividh vyapar aanee settlement udhyoganmadhye pramukh kheladu hote.
1620 chya dashakapasun atlantic olandun pravas karananya anek ayrish majuranni teey nivadinusar kele. tathapi, 1600 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun ingraji vasahatinmadhye doshi kamgarancha vapar keela jaat hota aanee charles I chya kalat irelandpasoon west indijparyant 'avanchhit' lokanchi jabardastine vahtook suru jhaali hotee. oliver cromwellchya rajvatit hii pratha khoop mothya pramanavar jhaali. tyanantar irelandvar vijay midavatana, anek kaidyanna jabardastine caribean betanvar, visheshtah barbados yethe pathvanyat aale.
naveen jagaat pravas karananya pahilya ayrish lokanpaiki kahee lokanni 1560 chya dashakat floridatil spanish chhavaniche sadasya mhanoon asey kele aanee qamee sankhyene ayrish vasahatvadi 1604 teey 1630 chya darmyan amazon pradeshat, newfoundlandmadhye aanee vharjiniyamadhye vasahati sthapan karnyachya prayatnanmadhye sahbhagi jhaale hote. itihaskar donald ekenson yanchya matey, yaa kalat 'jarr kahee asel tarr thode' ayrish lock jabardastine naveen jagaat nele jaat hote. 1650chya dashkaparyant ingraji rajyane saktichya vahatukicha vyapak vapar keela navhata.
1620 chya dashakat mothya sankhyene ayrish majur virginia, leavered bete aanee barbados yasarkhya vasahatinmadhye pravas karoo lagale. 1627 teey 1660 darmyan, ireland aanee brittenmadhil kamgaranni mothya sankhyene atlantic olandla, jyat sataravya shatkatil sthalantaritanpaiki 60 teey 65 takke heey kararbaddha sevak hote. 1640 paryant, paschim indigemadhye mothya sankhyene ayrish vasahati upasthit hotya, kahee andajanusar yaa pradeshatil nimmyahoon adhik loksankhya hotee. bahutansh kantrati majur, lahan shetkari kinwa karagir hote.
1641 salchya ayrish bund, ayrish mahasanghachi yuddhe aanee teen rajyanchya yuddhanmule swayamsevi sthalantaritanchi sankhya qamee jhaali, tarr vadhatya sankhyene yuddhakaidi, rajkiy kaidi, gunhegar aanee itar "avanchhit" lokanna tyanchya ichcheviruddha vasahatinmadhye majur mhanoon pathvanyat aale, tyamule american vasahatinmadhye vaparlya jaananya shramancha prakar 1642 nantar natakiyaritya badalala. udaharanarth, drogedachya vedhyanantar, cromwellne sharan aalelya bahutek ayrish lashkari kaidyanna barbadoskade pathvanyache aadesh dile. 1654 madhye, anek ayrish parganyanchya rajyapalanna, "serve bhatkya purush aanee striya aanee tyanchya aavarat asha itar ayrish lokanna atak karnyache aadesh denyat aale, jyanni heey siddha karoo naye qee tyanchyakade udhyogacha itka sthir marg aahe qee tyanna tyanchi dekhbhal karnyasathi swatache sadhan midale, rugnalaye kinwa kamachya thikani asaleli serve mule, serve kaidi, purush aanee striya, jyanna west indigemadhye nenyat aale."
barbado.
1640 teey 1660 darmyan barbadomadhye aalele sevak mothya badalachya velee aale, jevha vasahat tambakhu aanee kapus lagvadipasun sakharekade valat hotee. parinami "sakharechya vadhimule" majuranchi prachand magani nirman jhaali, jyamule haloohaloo pandhya nokarakadoon kalya gulam majurakade valanyas pravrutt jhaale. 1638 madhye, barbadochi loksankhya sumare 6,000 hotee, tyapaiki 2,000 kararbaddha sevak hote aanee 200 african gulam hote. pandhra varshannantar, betavaril gulamanchi sankhya 20,000 paryant vadhali hotee, tarr kararbaddha nokaranchi sankhya 8,000 hotee. tyaa velee betavar 1,000 hoon adhik ayrish mukt sainik (majee kararbaddha sevak jyancha karyakal sampala hota) dekhil rahat hote. 1660 paryant yaa betavar 26,200 europeey aanee 27,100 african gulam hote. sakhar utpadanachya suruvatichya tappyat, pandhare sevak kadhikadhi krishnavarniy gulamanchya sobat kaam karat asat aanee itihaskar james dunn yanchya matey, yaa kalat teey 'atyant kroor aanee aniyantrit jhaale'. tathapi, 1650 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, pandhare sevak aanee kaale gulam aata ekatra kaam karat navhate aanee 1660 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, pandhare sevak keval kushal kinwa paryavekshi bhoomikanmadhye vaparale jaat hote.
barbadover ayrish sevakanna anekada white vaganuk dilee jaat asey aanee barbadian lagwad karnanyanna kroortesathi pratishtha midali. barbadovaril kararatil magani qamee jhalyamule, sakharechya lagvadimule honanya shramachi prachand magani, yamule gunhegarichi shiksha mhanoon kinwa rajkiy kaidyansathi aanee anaichhikpane barbadokade pathvanyat aalelya majuranche apaharan karnyasathi barbadosparyant anaichhik vahatukicha vapar jhaala.
jevha pandhya nokarancha vapar barbadosmadhye lagwad kamgaransathi keela jaat asey, aanee sampoorn sataravya shatkat ayrish nokarancha eka 'sthir pravah' barbadosmadhye pravesh karat hota, tevha irelandla shant karnyachya cromwellion prayatnanmule ayrish majuranchi 'kharee bharati laat' nirman jhaali, jyanna 1650 chya dashakat barbados yethe pathvanyat aale. apuya aitihasik nondinmule, barbadosla pathavalelya ayrish majuranchi ekoon sankhya adnyat aahe aanee andaj atyant vadgrast aahet."eka aitihasik strotacha andaj aahe qee 1650 chya dashakat 50,000 ayrish lokanna ektar barbados kinwa vharjiniyamadhye anichhene nenyat aale hote, haah andaj" bahudha atishayoktipurna aahe."1655 paryant 12,000 ayrish kaidi barbadosmadhye aale hote, assa aanakhi eka andaj itihaskar richard bii. yanni" "kadachit atishayokti" "mhanoon vartavala aahe". sheridon. itihaskar thomas bartlet yanchya matey, heey 'sarvasadharanpane manya kele jaate' qee andaje 10,000 ayrish lokanna west indigemadhye anaichhikpane pathvanyat aale hote aanee andaje 40,000 lock swayamsevi kararbaddha sevak mhanoon aale hote, tarr anekanni swayamsevi, karar nasalele sthalantarit mhanoonahi pravas keela hota.
leavered bete.
sataravya aanee atharavya shatkat ayrish lokannihi leavered betancha (antigua, montserrat, navis aanee seent kitts) motha bhag tayar keela. yapaiki anek ayrish ektar kararbaddha sevak kinwa majee sevak hote aanee tyanchyapaiki barechjan "bhautikdrushtya garib" jeevan jagale; tathapi, leavered bete adhik shrimant ayrish lokanche ghar dekhil hotee, jeey shaktishali vyapari kutumbanche sadasya hote aanee tyanchyakade swatah asankhya sevak hote.
monserrat heey leavered betanmadhil pramukh bett banale jethe shejarchya betanvarun yenanya ayrish lokanna britishanchya chhalaviruddha aashray midala. catholic french aanee protestant ingraji yanchyat vibhagalelya ayrish lokanni montserratmadhye aashray ghetala, jithe tyanni tyanche pahile catholic church sthapan kele. 1632 madhye, anthany brisket montserratcha pahila governor banala. irelandmadhun nirman jhalelya sambandhanmule, brisket bett aanee tethil lokanna navigate karnyas saksham hote. mrutyuparyant teey yaa padavar rahile.
barbadoschya ulat, montserratchi ayrish loksankhya pramukhyane asha vyaktinni banaleli hotee jyanna bhatkya kinwa gunhegaranaivaji betanchya uchchabhru rahivashanni (jeey anekada swatah ayrish hote) sthalantarit honyasathi bharati kele hote aanee tyanchyapaiki kahee jann kararbaddha sevak mhanoon naan jaata mukt majur mhanoon aale hote.
upchar.
ekada kararbaddha jhalyavar, yaa nokaranche tyanchya gantvyasthanavar farse niyantran navhate, kaaran tyanche karar aagmananantar sthanik lagvadaranna vikale jaat hote. jahajanmadhye anekada gardi hotee aanee samudraparyatanandarmyan mrutyuche praman jaast asoo shakateh 1638 madhye barbados yethe aalelya eka jahajane, teey yeiparyant 350 paiki ainshi pravasi (23 takke) aajarpanamule gamavale hote.
barbadomadhye, chaar kinwa paach varshanchya karar atty samanya hotya, parantu jeey kaidi mhanoon aale tyanna kadhikadhi daha varshanchya kararasathi shiksha sunavali jaat asey.
serve kararbaddha sevakanna kathor vaganuk dilee jaat asatana, ayrish kaithalikanna dekhil ingraji vasahati 'sanskrutik aanee dharmik shreshthatechya bhavnechya' adheen kele jaat asey aanee tyanna 'naisargikaritya kanishth manale jaat asey."itihaskar jeanny shau yanchya matey, ayrish lokanche catholickwad aanee vishisht pratha" "betavaril loksankhya ingraji sanskratipasun moolbhootpane vegali asalyache darshavtat". ingraji adhikaanyaanee yaa samajalya gelelya farkacha vapar "tyanni vasahat kelelya ayrish kaithalikanna dilelya white vagnukiche samarthan karnyasathi" tasech irelandvar dawa karnyasathi keela. malak aanee sarkari adhikari anekada ayrish nokaranvar sanshay ghet asat aanee kadhikadhi tyanna vishesh nirbandhansah lakshya karat asat. udaharanarth, nevhismadhil aamdaranni 1701 madhye 'pappist' laa betavar sthayik honyapasoon kinwa sarvajanik padd dharan karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi eka kayada manjur keela-joou nantar radd karnyat aala-tarr montserratne dekhil irishla sarvajanik aanee lashkari padanpasoon vagalanyasathi ashach prakarcha kayada vicharat ghetala. barbadosmadhil adhikaanyaanee ashach prakarche nirbandh ghatale naheet, parantu matdan karnyapurvi kinwa padd dharan karnyapurvi ayrish lokanni padatyagachi shapath ghene aavashyak hote. 1692chya gulamanchya bandat ayrish majur sahbhagi asalyacha sanshay aalyanantar, barbadian adhikaanyaanee 1697madhye rajmukutala patra lihoon tyanna vasahatmadhye aanakhi 'ayrish bandkhor' naan pathvanyas sangitale, kaaran aamhala tyaa rangache majur nako aahet, tarr jyachyavar aamhi vishvas thevu shakato asha lokanni aamhala balkat karave."
gulamgirishi tulana.
ayrish kararbaddha sevkanshi keleli vaganuk mothya pramanat vaividhyapurn hotee aanee too lakshaniy aitihasik vadacha vishay rahila aahe. ayrish kararbaddha nokaranna (visheshtah barbadosmadhye) aanee african gulamanna dilya jaananya vagnukimadhil tulana visheshtah vadgrast rahili aahe. jaree alikadil shaikshanik abhyasanmadhye kararbaddha gulamgirichi tulana malmatta gulamgirishi naan karanyachi kalji ghetali gelee asali taree kahee itihaskaranni yaa done kamgar pranalinmadhye jawalchi tulana kelee aahe aanee itar lekhakanni kadhikadhi tyancha mell ghatala aahe.
catherine stellmack artusochya matey, hiilarii bekalsarkhya itihaskaranni (jyanchya kalakrutila artuso 'kshetrat moolbhut' mhanatat) caribeanmadhil african aanee ayrish lokanchya anubhavanmadhye aashcharyakarakpane jawalchi samanata rekhatali aahe."becklis yanni kahee ayrish kararbaddha nokaranna" "tatpurati malmatta" "mhanoon sambodhale aahe jyanna" "gulamgirisman sthiteet" "thevanyat aale hote aanee teey" "swatantryapeksha gulamgirichya jawal asalelya rajyat rahat hote"."tathapi, kaale hote yaa arthane ayrish sevak 'gulam' hote asey suchavane heey sanket qamee thambatat. tyachpramane, itihaskar niinii rodgers yanni lihile aahe qee ayrish kararbaddha sevak "gulam navhate", parantu tarihi assa yuktivad karatat qee tyanchyapaiki anekanna "haah farak shaikshanik vatala asava". rodderschya matey, heey visheshtah barbadossarkhya thikani kharey hote, jithe uchch mrutyuche praman kadhikadhi gulam aanee nokaranchya anubhavanmadhil prathamik farak "radd" karateh gulami kayamswarupi hotee tarr karar tatpurata hota. tathapi, rodgers nondavtat qee nokaranchya aanee gulamanchya anubhavanmadhye itar farak hoteh malakanni nokaranna maans dile parantu gulamanna teey nakarle, nokaranna european shailiche kapade (bootansah) midale tarr gulamanna midale nahee aanee donhi gut vegvegalya bhagat zopale. rodgerschya matey, malakanni kadhikadhi nokaranna jaast mehnat dilee kaaran tyanchyakade keval maryadit kalasathi tyanchi seva hotee aanee hii vastusthiti gulami aanee karar yanchyatil "tulana karanyachi jatilata" adhorekhit karate.
kevin bradichya matey, barbados madheel cromwellion nirvasitanni "tatpurte bandhan aanee kayamswarupi gulamgiri" ashee sthitee dharan kelee hotee, jyamadhye asey mhatale hote qee sevak aanee gulamanmadhil mukhya farak mhanje teey malmatta mhanoon vikale jaat navhate. brady mhanato qee tyanna anekada "lagwad karananya vargachya kulinankadun spashtapane amanaviy vaganuk dilee jaat asey" aanee tyanna "sahasa tyanchya karyakalat kararbaddha nokaranna puravileli bhautik kinwa aarthik bharpai dilee jaat nasey". sayman pii. naveen, ayrish kaidyanna "nirakshar catholic ranti mhanoon tiraskar karananya" lagvadaranni "ekeri kroortene vagavale"."
caribeanmadhye ayrish lock kase vasahatvadi aanee vasahatvadi hote yavar itar itihaskaranni laksh kendrit kele aahe. itihaskar donald ekenson yanni montserratvaril ayrish lokanchya abhyasanusar, udaharanarth, betavaril pandhya kararachi gulamgiri hii kalya gulamgiripeksha itaki vegali hotee qee tee manvi anubhavachya dusya aakashgangepeksha vegali hotee aanee anek ayrish lock (majee nokaransah) tithe samruddha jhaale. tyachpramane, tatvadnyani michael jeey. monahanane assa yuktivad keela aahe qee atharavya shatkat barbadosmadhil ayrish sevakanni eka sandigdha vanshik sthan vyapale hote, jyamule teey itar europeey aanee african gulamanpasoon vegale jhaale aanee tyanchya fayadhyasathi tasech tyanchya hanisathi kaam karoo shakale. monahanchya matey, agadi sarvoch aanee bahudha atishayoktipurna andajanusar, pannas hazar ayrish majuranna tyanchya ichcheviruddha caribeanmadhye pathavale gele hote, jeey gulamgirit vikalya gelelya lakho paschim african gulamanchya tulanet 'qamee jhaale' aanee jyala teey '(kiman kahee) ayrish majur aanee malmatta gulamanchya' paristhititil kinwa gulamgiri aanee anaichhik kararatil 'paristhititil sope matbhed talhane mahatvache aahe, jeey' samaan gosht nahee '. tathapi, monahan assa yuktivad karato qee kahee anaichhik karar aanee african gulamanchya paristhitit kahee samya hote heey eka 'mahattvache tathya' aahe. tathapi, too heey lakshat ghenyachya drushtine savadh aahe qee, heey nakarnyasathi nahee qee anaichhik ayrish sevak aanee gulamanchya anubhavanmadhye "lakshaniy, agadi mahattvapoorn farak" hote.
kahee lokpriy aanee bigger-shaikshanik lekhakanni ayrish kararbaddha sevak aanee african gulamanchya anubhavanmadhye adhik thet tulana kelee aahe. cutt rachanare siddhantkar aanee holocast danier michael aaa. udaharanarth, hofmann dusra yane 1993 madhye 'teey pandhare hote aanee teey gulam hoteh suruvatichya americetil goryanchya gulamgiricha anakaha itihas' yaa shirshakakhali eka swayam-prakashit pustak lihile, jyamadhye tyane assa yuktivad keela qee malmatta gulami aanee kararbaddha gulamgiri yaa donhi goshti gulamgiri mhananyaitkya samaan hotya aanee tyane ayrish gulamgiricha 'dadapalela itihas' parat midvanyacha prayatna keela. 2000 saalee lekhak seane oo 'callaghan yanni' too hail aur barbados 'prakashit kele, jyat assa yuktivad keela gela qee' ayrish pandhya gulamancha vyapar 'haah atharavya shatkatil' irelandchya vanshik shuddikaranacha 'eka pramukh ghatak hota. tyachpramane, durchitravani mahitipat nirmate donn jorden aanee michael walsh yanni tyanchya 2008 chya 'white kargoh daad forgost histree auph britton' sha white slaves inn america 'yaa pustakat dawa keela aahe qee,' gulami hii veledvare navhe tarr vishayachya anubhavadvare paribhashit kelee jaate 'aanee pandhya gulamgiricha' visarla gelela itihas 'ughad karnyacha prayatna keela.
itihaskaranni yaa pustakanche kathorpane punaravalokan kele aahe. udaharanarth, itihaskar dixy reey haggardney 'daad historian' madhye lihile aahe qee, jorden aanee walsh yanni gulamgiri aanee karar yanchi tulana karoon jaanunbujun done atishay bhinn kamgar pranalincha mell ghatala hota. hagardchya matey, "pratyek sanstha, gulami aanee kararbaddha gulamgiricha, vasahatvadi arthvyavastha aanee samajat swatacha uddesh aanee sthan hote heey teey manya karnyat kinwa samajoon ghenyat ayashasvi tharatat" aanee vasahatvadi itihasachya guntagunticha shodh ghenyaivaji "atee saralikaran aanee gondhal ghalane" nivadle. tyachpramane, itihaskar dominiq sandbrookne lihile qee jorden aanee walsh yanna "african gulamgiri haah anekanmadhye eka prakarcha gulampana hota yachee aathvan karoon dene yogya hote, parantu kararbaddha sevak" gulam navhate "aanee" tyanna gulam mhanat hote "...gulamgiricha arth khandachya palikade vistarato. niinii rodgerschya matey, hii kaame "goryanchya kalya lokanchya patalivar asanyachya bheeti" madhoon vikasit jhaali, jee sataravya aanee atharavya shatkat irelandmadhye ekatra kaam karananya sevak aanee gulamanchya vruttantanni prerit kelee hotee aanee jee oo 'callaghansarkhya kamanchya madhyamatoon naveen sahasrabdiparyant tikoon rahili.
hii pustake prakashit jhalyapasun, pandhya varchasvavadi aanee pandhya rashtravadi gatanni ayrish gulamgirichi kalpana sweekarli aahe, bahutekda african gulamgiri aanee krishnavarniy american lokanchya nivaranasathichya magnyanchya aitihasik ozecha samna karnyache kinwa krishnavarniy jeevan chalvalila qamee lekhanyache aanee tyanchyavar hallah karnyache sadhan mhanoon.
hyamule liam hogan, laura mcatachney aanee mathyu see. yansarkhe vidwan aanee lekhak prerit jhaale. ayrish gulamgirichya mithakachya" virodhat railey bolali.
kararatil ghat.
1660 nantar baljabarine naveen jagaat nenyat aalelya kaidyanchi sankhya zapatyane qamee jhaali aanee sataravya shatkat "gunhegaranchi vahtook saktichya vasahatvadi shramancha vishvasarh srot kadhich banala nahee". dandatmak gulamgiri hii lagwad malakanni asamadhankarak manalih yenanya kaidyanchi sankhya khoopach qamee hotee aanee tyanna garib kamgar manale jaat hote. yavyatirikt, vasahatvadi adhikanyanna kalji hotee qee hallah jhalyas ayrish catholic french sainyachi bajoo ghetil kinwa lagwad malakanchya virodhat bund karnyasathi gulamansobat cutt rachtil. kahee ayrish sevakanni 1666-1667 darmyan seent kitsvaril french hallyadarmyan kharokharach bund kele, tarr itaranni 1661 darmyan barmudamadhil bandadarmyan gulamanshi samaan kaaran kele. itihaskar abigail swingen yanchya matey, 1655 teey 1699 darmyan keval 4,500 gunhegaranna virginia kinwa west indigemadhye nenyat aale, tarr yaa kalat nenyat aalelya yuddhakaidyanchi sankhya bahudha 5,000-10,000 peksha qamee hotee. itihaskar robbin blackburn yanchya matey, 1650 chya dashakat ekoon sumare 8,000 ayrish kaidyanna american vasahatinmadhye pathvanyat aale.
sataravya shatkachya madhyaparyant barbados, jamaika, montserrat aanee seent kitschya loksankhyecha motha bhag ayrish sevak hota, tarr purviche kararbaddha sevak ektar europela paratale kinwa british uttar american vasahatinmadhye sthalantarit jhaale kaaran gulam majuranni yaa vasahatinmadhil prathamik kamgar pranali mhanoon kararbaddha gulamgirichi jaaga ghetali. tathapi, kahee jann rahile aanee tyanche vanshaj-jase qee barbadoche laal paay-aajahi caribeanmadhye rahatat.