oto candler

oto candler (23 aktoobar 1920 madhye degendorfmadhye-29 august 2017 madhye munich, bavariya) 
teey german vanaspatishastradnya aanee sukshmajivashastradnya hote. 1986 madhye nivrutt hoiparyant teey myunikchya ludwig maximilian vidyapithat vanaspatishastrache pradhyapak hote.
prakashsanshleshan, vanaspati karbodkanshache chayapachay, jivanunchya peshinchya bhintinchya sanrachaneche vishleshan (murine/peptidoglycan), "lactobacillus" chey paddhatshir aanee vanaspati aanee sukshmajivanche chemotaxonomy heey tyanche sarvat mahattvache sanshodhan vishay hote.
tyanni 'inn vivo' yaa photophosphorylation astitvacha pahila prayogik purava sadar keela. jivanu aanee aarkiyachya peshi bhintinmadhil moolbhut farkanchya shodhamule (1990 paryant jyala 'archibacteria' mhanatat) tyala khatri patali qee archaea haah jivanunpeksha vegala asalelya jivanchya swayatt gatache pratinidhitva karato. carl voz yanchyabarobarchya tyanchya sahkaryacha haah aadhar hota aanee tyamule teey germanytil 'archaea' vareel sanshodhanache sansthapak banale. 1990 madhye, vozes, tyane jivanache teen kshetra prastavit keleh jivanu, archaea, eukeria. shevati, yaa grahavareel jivanachi prarambhik utkranti aanee vaividhyapurnatemadhye tyachya aajivan swarsyachya aadhare, candlerne tyacha purv-peshi siddhant sadar keela, asey suchavat qee jivanachi teen kshetre purvajanchya peshitoon udbhavali naheet, udaa.jee. shevatcha sarvatrik samanya purvaj (luka), parantu purv-peshinchya loksankhyepasun. 
jeevan aanee shikshan.
oto candlercha janm 23 aktoobar 1920 roji bavariyatil degendorff yethe eka bajar malichya kutumbatil sahave mool mhanoon jhaala. tyachya vadilanchya baget vadhoon madat karat asatana, tyala vanaspati jeevan aanee sarvasadharanpane nisargat rus vatoo lagla. 
too 8 varshe shalet gela. jevha too sumare baaraa varshancha hota tevha tyane charles darwinbaddal vachale hote aanee eka catholic padrila tyacha ullekh keela hota. pujarine tyala tyachya hatanvar kathine done vaar karoon shiksha kelee. tathapi, tyala urvarit ayushya jivanachya utpattimadhye aanee utkrantimadhye rus hota.
tyachya palakanna vyayamshaleche shulk bharane parvadat navhate aanee too maalee honar hota kinwa dusra vyavasay shikanar hota. matra, tyanchya pratibhavan mulane shaala suru thevavi, asey tyachya shikshakanni tyachya palakanna patvoon dile. tyamule tyanni bhavishyatil shikshakanchya shikshanasathichya stroubing, bavariya yaa shaletil 'duesh offbaushul' madhye shikshan ghetale. matra, eff.)) mahayuddhamule tyanche shikshan viskalit jhaale. 1939 madhye tyanna aanee tyanchya sahkari vidyarthyanna reixarbetsdinstmadhe sameel vhave lagale, nantar tyanna russiamadhye redio reporter mhanoon german sainyat seva dyavi lagali. yuddhachya shevati tyacha gut austriya yethe hastantarit karnyat aala. russiananni pakadale jaau naye mhanoon too cycleveroon paschim aaghadikade paloon gela. kahee mahine american turungat ghalavalyanantar tyala gharee paratanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. 1945 teey 1946 yaa kalat tyanni aaplya vadilanchya bajarpethetil bagechi punarbandhani kelee aanee tyanchya aayushyasathi aanee bhavishyatil abhyasasathi bhajipala, visheshtah gomans aanee phule vadhavun aanee vikoon kahee paise kamavale.
candlerla vidnyanat khoop rus hota, parantu 1946 salich too vanaspatishastra, pranishastra, bhoogarbhshastra, rasayanshastra aanee bhautikshastra yaa vishayanmadhye ludwig maximilian university auph myoonichmadhye pravesh gheu shakala. tyanni tatvadnyanachya vyakhyananmadhyehi bhag ghetala. munich vidyapithachya bahutansh bhagavar bombsfot jhalyamule sansthechya imaratinche mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale hote aanee ajunahi tyaa bhagnavsheshat aahet. pravesh midvanyasathi, tyala aanee itar serve vidyarthyanna vidyarthyanna kadhoon imaratinchya punarbandhanisathi madat karavi lagali. 
teen padannantar tyanna vanaspatishastratil tyanchya prabandhasathi eka sanshodhan vishay sapadala. germanytil pahila mhanoon tyane 'inn vitro' yaa vanaspatitil vegalya uutinchi lagwad karnyas suruvat kelee. tyanni yaa uutinchya sanvardhanacha vapar chayapachay aanee paribhashit 'inn vitro' paristhitit auxinchya prabhavacha abhyas karnyasathi keela, 1949 madhye tyanna sanmanasah doctorchi padvi midali aanee teey munich vidyapithat vanaspatishastrache sahayyak pradhyapak jhaale. 1953 madhye tyanchya nivassthananantar teey 1957 paryant vidyapithat rahile.
1953 madhye tyanni sukshmajivashastracha padvidhar vidyarthi gertroud shafershee vivah keela. tyanna teen mulee aanee chaar natwande aahet.
photophosphorylationvaryl tyanchya suruvatichya prakashanansathi tyanna rockfeller foundationkadun udar sanshodhan shishyavrutti midali aanee 1956/1957 madhye teey americet prakashsanshleshanachya moolbhut prashnanvar eka varsh kaam karoo shakale.
paratalyanantar, candler gharee vidyapithatil prayogshaletil kharab paristhitibaddal asamadhani hota, mhanoon tyala 1957 madhye freezing-wehenstefenmadhil dakshin german dugdha sanshodhan kendrachya jivanushastriy sansthechya sanchalak mhanoon padd midalyane anand jhaala, jithe paristhiti khoop changli hotee. 1960 madhye tyanna tantrik vidyapith myoonichya upayojit vanaspatishastrache purn pradhyapak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, jithe tyaa velee sanshodhanachi paristhiti ajunahi white hotee. mhanoon tyanni 1965 paryant wehenstefenmadhye tyanche sthan samantar thewale. 1968 madhye tyanna munichya ludwig maximilian vidyapithat purn pradhyapak aanee vanaspatishastra vibhagache pramukh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, 1986 madhye tyanchya nivruttiparyant tyanni adhyapan aanee sanshodhan kele. tyanchya 400 hoon adhik prakashananchya shirshakandvare tyanchya vyapak vaidnyanik swarsyanche sanket midatat.
candlerne 23 aktoobar 2020 roji aapala 100 vaa vadhadivas sajra keela asata. yaa shatabdisathi candlerchya kutumbane tyacha aitihasik vanaspatishastra pustakancha kalkramanusar sangrah deela, tyapaiki 16 vya aanee 17 vya shatkatil aushadhi vanaspati, 'regensbergisch botanishe geselshaft' (david heinrich hoppey yanni sthapan kelelya) chya granthalayala bhet mhanoon, jee regensberg vidyapithachya granthalayat samavisht kelee gelee aahe. digitizationdware heey aitihasik srot lavkarach sarvasadharanpane upalabdh hotil.
vanaspati shariravidnyan.
oto candlerla vanaspatinchya vadhichya prakriya, prakashsanshleshan, chayapachay, visheshtah karbodkanmadhe khoop rus hota. 
germanytil pahila mhanoon tyane vilag vanaspati ootee sanwardhan vadhavanyas suruvat kelee (udaa.jee. deth, mule, ankur, bhrun, callus vaadh) 'inn vitro"
paribhashit 'inn vitro' paristhitit chayapachay aanee auxinchya parinamacha abhyas karane. varr namood kelyapramane, 1949 madhye tyanchya prabandh (summa qama loud) chaa vishay haah banala.
photophosphorylationshy sambandhit prashnanvaril aitihasik drushtikon yaa tyanchya yogdanamadhye candler yanni photophosphorylation sanshodhanachya suruvatiche aanee tyanna rus kassa vatala yache varnan kele aaheh 1948 madhye, teey fioder linen (1964 chey sharirshastra kinwa aushadhatil nobel paritoshik) yanchya yeastchya phosphet chayapachayavaril vyakhyanane prerit jhaale hote. yaa varshant, eff.)) mahayuddhanantar, munichya ludwig maximilian vidyapithachi mool rasayanik sanstha ajunahi bhagnavasthet hotee aanee fioder linen aanee tyacha sahayyak helmut holzer heey prayogshalechya agadi shejari asalelya vanaspatishastra sansthet tatpurte atithi mhanoon kaam karat hote, jithe candler vanaspatishastratil tyachya prabandhat guntalela hota. candler linenchya prayogshaletil prayogik paddhatinni prabhavit jhaala aanee tyanchyashi parichit jhaala; holzer aanee candler jawalche mitra banale. tyaa velee, holzer butanolpasoon beauteric aesidmadhye yeast oxidisingmadhye aii. tii. pii. nirmiticha pahila purava sadar karoo shakala. tyanantar candlerne tyanchi tantre 'inn vivo' madhye phosphorylation praman mojanyasathi 'chlorela' madheel prakashsanshleshan abhyasat hastantarit karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
mhanoon, 1950 madhye, akhand 'chlorela' peshinmadhye 'vhivomadhye' aii. tii. pii. (photophosphorylation) chya prakash-aadharit nirmitisathi prayogik purave sadar karnare teey pahile hote.
1954 madhye, daniel I. arnonne vegalya chloroplastcha vapar karoon 'inn vitro' photophosphorylation shodh lavala aanee candlerchya agraganya karyacha ullekh keela. aii. tii. pii. chya prakash-aadharit nirmitivaril candlerchya suruvatichya prakashananmule rockfeller foundation tyanna americet eka varshachi sanshodhan shishyavrutti dilee. mhanoon, aay. dii. 1 madhye tyanni brookhaven rashtriy prayogshalet martin gibsasobat 6 mahine aanee nantar berkley yetheel california vidyapithat prakashsanshleshanachya madhyavarti prashnanvar melvin calvinsobat (1961 rasayanshastratil nobel paritoshik) aanakhi 6 mahine kaam kele.jee. prakashsanshleshanatil carboncha marg, jyala aaj calvin-benson-basham chakr mhanatat).
kiranotsargi labeling paddhat, i.eae. eae chaa marg shodhanyasathi kiranotsargi samasthanikancha vapar.jee. prakashsanshleshanat carbon, candlerdware germanymadhye aanala gela.
candlerne tyachya tyachya miloon, vanaspatinmadhye prathamach starch biosynthesischa glucose daata, edapi-glukojchya ghataneche pratyakshik dakhavale. shakhayukt sakhali monosecharides (hamamelose, epios) chey guntaguntiche jaivasanshleshan spasht karnyasathi tyanni aavashyak yogdan dile. shevati tyane raphinose kutumbatil sakhareche jaivasanshleshan spasht kele, jeey vanaspatinmadhil sarvat varanvar aadhalanare oligosaccharides aahet.
yaa nishkarshancha parinam mhanoon, galactosyl daata mhanoon, innocitolche galactoside galactinolche karya spasht kele gele aanee mhanunach vanaspatinmadhil sakhar hastantaran pratikriyancha saha-ghatak mhanoon innocitolchi bhoomika spasht kelee gelee.
sukshmajivashastra.
vanaspati shariravidnyan aanee jaivarsayanshastratil tyachya aavadivyatirikt, oto candlerne suruvatilach jivanunvar laksh kendrit kele, sarvat mahattvache mhanje, tyanchya peshi bhintinchya upasthitivar kinwa anupasthitivar, kaaran 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila, asha bhint nasalelya sukshmajivanna anekada "arbecteria" chey pratinidhi manale jaat asey. 
tyane aaplya patnisah tathakathit pii. pii. ell. oo. ess., (aata mycoplasm), bhint nasalele penicillin-pratirodhak jivanu aanee ell-form jivanu (jivanu jyanni tyanchya peshi bhinti gamavalya) yancha shodh ghetala. tyanna aadhalale qee heey jeev dwaiti vikhandanadvare navhe tarr ugavatya prakriyedvare vadhatat.
yaa prakashanancha aajahi ullekh keela jaato.
freezing-wehenstephen yetheel dakshin german dugdha sanshodhan kendrachya jivanushastriy sanstheche sanchalak asatana, candlerne dugdha sukshmajivashastravar laksh kendrit kele aanee 'lactobacilly' chya sharirshastra, jaivarsayanshastra aanee paddhatshirshastracha tapas keela, jyavar tyanni bargechya sukshmajivashastradnyanch 'baibal' yaa pustiket eka adhyay lihila.
yavyatirikt tyanni itar jivanunche pruthakkaran, varnan aanee vargikaran yavar anek shodhanibandh prakashit kele.
candler heey pahilya shastradnyanpaiki eka hote, jyanni tyanchya gatasah miloon jivanunchya peshi bhintinchya rasayanshastra aanee sanrachanecha abhyas keela. peptidoglycan (murine) yaa jivanunchya peshinchya bhintivaril adviteey ghatakachya prathamik sanrachanecha tapas karnyat aala. candlerne olakhale qee peptidoglycancha amino acid kram haah eka maulyavan chemotaxonomic marker aahe. vividh peptidoglycan prakar aanee tyanche vargikaranvishayak parinam schliefer aanee candler yanni tapshilvar varnan kele hote. parinami, tyanni jivanunchya jatijanya vrukshatil khol shakhansathi eka chinhak mhanoon tulanatmak peshibhitti rasayanshastra suchavale. candlerchya peshibhittichya abhyasanmadhye methanogenic "jivanu" (methanogens) aanee halophilic "jivanu" (halophiles) yancha dekhil samavesh hota.
aktoobar 1976 madhye candlerla aadhalale qee methanogenchya done prabhedanmadhye 'methanosaurcina barkeri' madhye peptidoglycan nahee. 
parinami, teey yaa nishkarshavar pohochale qee methanogens heey mulat jivanunpeksha vegale aahet.
tyachya gatamadhye, 'halobacteriamadhye' peptidoglycancha abhav aadhalala, jyamule yaa kalpanechi pushti hote qee heey jeev dekhil jivanu naheet aanee lavkarach 'archaebacteria' navachya jivanchya gatashi sambandhit aahet (1990 madhye 'archaea' mhanoon vargikrut).
kahee 'archibecteria' madhye candler aanee conig yanni seudomurine olakhale, jyala aata seudopeptidoglycan asehi mhanatat, haah eka naveen peshi bhint ghatak aahe aanee tyachi rachana aanee jaivasanshleshan spasht kele.
methanogen "methanopyrus candalery"
carl oo yanni candlerchya sanmanarth tyache naav thewale. candlerchya candlerchya vadhadivsachya nimittane bhet mhanoon stater.
hans gunter schleggles, candler haah bronshwegmadhil sukshmajiv aanee peshi sanvardhanachya (dii. ess. emm. zed.) german sankalanachya payabharanimadhye mothya pramanat sahbhagi hota.
candler heey paddhatshir aanee upayojit sukshmajivashastrache sansthapak aanee sampadak, sukshmajivashastra aanee zitscrift phara flanzenfiziology sangrahanche saha-sampadak hote.
archaea aanee jivanachi teen kshetre.
sukshmajivashastratil oto candlercha mukhya vishay 'archaea' vareel tyache sanshodhan (1990 purvi jyala 'archibacteria' mhatale jayache) hota.
methanogenic "bacteria" (methanogens) chya done prakaranmadhye peptidoglycan (murine) haah jivanuncha eka vishisht peshibhitti ghatak gahal aahe, haah tyacha shodh (aktoobar 1976) haah methanogens jivanunpeksha vegalya jivanchya gatashi sambandhit aahet yacha purava purava pahilya teen tukadyanpaiki eka tharala.
mhanoon, ralf efchya patratoon jevha candlerla kalale tevha tyala anand jhaala. wolf, methanogenscha tadnya, 11 november 1976 roji, wolfcha sahkari carl voz (eleanoy vidyapith, arbana, america) yane tyachya 16 chya ribosomal aar. aine. aii. januk anukraman paddhatidvare methanogens aanee jivanunmadhil moolbhut farak nuktach shodhala hota.
jevha candlerla heey patra midale, tyachya naveen nishkarshanchya aadhare, tyane aadhich marvin pii. saha itar methanogenschya peshi bhintincha tapas karanyachi yojana aakhali hotee. bryant, eleanoy vidyapithatil methanogensche tadnya dekhil aahet. yogayogane, wolfche patra aale tevha bryant fakt candlerchya karyalayat basala hota.
candler haah peshibhittit tadnya aahe heey tyala maheet asalyane, wolfney tyachya patrat peshibhittichya abhyasasathi sanskruti pathvanyacha prastavahi deela. candlerne lagechach lihile qee too vozchya nishkarshanmule aanee kalpananmule kitee prabhavit jhaala aanee too wolfchya methanogenscha tapas karnyas utsuk hota. candlerne aaplya uttarat asehi namood kele aahe qee methanogens aanee halophiles heey 'pracheen avashesh' asoo shakatat jeey peptidoglycancha 'shodh lagnyapurvi procariotschya mothya bhagatoon shakhankit jhaale aahet. tyane wolfla tyanchya peshinchya bhintinche vishleshan karnyasathi methanogenschya liophilised peshi pathvanyas sangitale.
janewari 1977 madhye, candlerne prathamach voisala bhet dilee. tyala lagechach vozchya naveen sankalpanechi khatri patali, kaaran tyachya peshibhittichya vishleshanechi, vozchya 16 chya aar. aar. aine. aii. anukraman parinamanshi agadi julani jhaali. 
sanskruti, parinam aanee kalpananchya devanghevanidware atlantic parche jawalche aanee faldayi purak sambandh aanee sahkaryachi hii suruvat hotee. candlerchya gatane peshi bhint rachana aanee vozchya 16 chya aar. aar. aine. aii. januk kramsamuhacha abhyas keela.
tyanchya varanvar uddhrut kelelya moolbhut prakashanat, voz andd fox (november 1977)
tyaveli 'archaebacteria' haah shabd vaparla gela, jyamadhye keval methanogenscha samavesh hota. tyanni candlercha hawala deela aanee 'archibacteria' chya sankalpanesathi puravyachya pahilya teen tukadyanna nave dileeh
yaa lekhat voz aanee kolha yanni ajunahi prathamik shabdavalicha vapar keela aahe (procariots aanee eucariots yaa done gatansathi "domain"; "prathamik rajye" kinwa "eubecteria", "archaebacteria" aanee "eurekiots" yaa teen gatansathi "urkindam". keval 1990 saalee, jivanachya vanshjanan vrukshavaril tyanchya prakashanat, voz aanee candler yanni 'jivanu, archaea, eukeria' yaa teen gatansathi 'domain' haah shabd prastavit keela, khalee pahaa).
tyaa velee jivanche 'teen vanshanchya reshanmadhye' vibhajan karnyachya voijchya prastavala farsa pathimba midala nahee-aanee agadi kathor tikahi midali
- americet, candlerne vozla vozla shatkatil darwin' mhatale aanee 'archaebacteria' vareel sanshodhanache bhavishya uttam aahe yachee tyala khatri patali.
mothya utsahane candlerne germanymadhye 'archaebacteria' varr sanshodhan suru kele aanee yaa naveen kshetrasathi nidhiche aayojan kele.
kele vasant rutumadhye, myoonichmadhye, candlerne "archaebacteria" varr pahilich baithak aayojit kelee. carl voz yanna aamantrit karnyat aale hote, parantu teey sahbhagi houu shakale naheet.
naheet unhalyat, candlerne myoonichmadhil 'duesh geselshaft phara microbiology andd hygiene' chya baithakit vyakhyan denyasathi punha vozla aamantrit kele. yaveli voz sahbhagi jhaale. too pahilyandach munichla aala aanee tyache dhumadhadakyat, brass band maifilimadhye aanee dinner partymadhye, ludwig maximilian university auph myoonichya vanaspatishastra sansthechya mothya praveshdvaramadhye swagat karnyat aale (photomadhye 'jeevan aanee shikshan' pahaa).
1981 madhye candlerne punha myoonichmadhye 'archibacteria' varr pahili aantarrashtriy parishad aayojit kelee hotee. carl voz aanee ralf wolf yaa doghannihi bhag ghetala. parinami jhalelya parishadecha khand heey 'archaebacteria' vareel pahile pustak hote.
yaa parishadet jivanu aanee "archibecteria" yanchyatil aavashyak sanrachanatmak, jaivarasayanik aanee aanvik farkansathi khatrilayak purave sadar karnyat aale jyamule jivancha swayatt gut mhanoon "archibecteria" yaa sankalpanechi haloohaloo sweekruti jhaali. 
yaa parishadenantar, roffen parvatanmadhil hochisachya shikharavar (2299 meater) meater) jawalchya alpschya sahalivar woose, landga aanee candler yanni 'archibecteria' sajra keela (chhayachitre pahaa).
1985 madhye, candler aanee ziligne punha myoonichmadhye 'archaebacteria' varr dusari aantarrashtriy parishad aayojit kelee.
darmyan, 'archaebacteria' sankalpanela aanee 16 chya aar. aar. aine. aii. anukraman aanee atirikt vaishishtyanchya aadhare teen gatanmadhye jatijanya vibhajanachya kalpanela dekhil pathimba vadhala hota, parantu vaidnyanik samudayane adyap samanyatah swikarlela navhata. 
vargikaran aanee paribhashechya patalibaddal eka sakhol vadgrast charcha dekhil hott hotee (udaa.jee. urkandam, prathamik rajya, samrajya ityadi sandnya. vicharat ghetale). hii charcha sapp (2009, visheshtah adhyay 19,20) madhye tapshilvar nondavali gelee aahe.
akheris, sumare 13 varshanchya sahkaryanantar, 1990 chya tyanchya prakashanat (voz, candler, vhiilii), voz aanee candler yanni teen vansharesha asalelya 'jivanacha vruksh' prastavit keela (sanlagn 'jivanacha vanshjanya vruksh' pahaa) jyasathi tyanni rajya patalichya varr, vargikaranasathi sarvoch shreni mhanoon domain haah shabd sadar keela. tyanni teen kshetransathi 'archaea', 'bacteria' aanee 'eukeria' (nantar 'eukeria' madhye durust) yaa sandnya suchavalya aanee 'archaea' yaa vargikaran vargikaranache aupcharik varnan sadar kele. aajparyant, heey prakashan amerikechya sanyukt rajyanchya rashtriy vidnyan akadamichya karyavahitil sarvadhik uddhrut kelelya shodhanibandhanpaiki eka aahe. aahe lekhakachya bhoomikeche varnan sapp (pru. (pru. aanee 386) aanee quamen (peepi. 210 eff.))
eff.)) prakashanat,
tyanni tyanchya "jaagtik vargikaran" chya naisargik pranalichi, 16s rrna anukramachya aadhare eka jatijanya vibhaganichi, jivanchya paramparik vibhaganichi done (procariots-eukariotes pranali) kinwa paach (5-rajya pranali) gatanmadhye tulana kelee.
aaj jivanachya vrukshache teen kshetranmadhye vibhajan-rajyanchya varche star-heey pathyapustakache dnyan aahe.
jivanachi prarambhik utkranti aanee vaividhya (purv-peshi siddhant).
candlerla jivanachya suruvatichya utkranti aanee vaividhyikaranat nehmich rus hota aanee shevati tyane tyacha purv-peshi siddhant sadar keela. 
tyanni asey gruheet dharale qee jivanchi prarambhik utkranti eka samanya pahilya purvajanchya peshipasoon suru jhaali nahee, parantu pratyek kshetra "purv-peshinchya bahuayami loksankhyechya bahuvidh cellularizationdware" vikasit jhaale, jithe peshi lifafyanchya shodhane mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali.
purv-peshi paristhitichi eka yojana jawalchya aakrutimadhye sadar kelee aahe, jithe aavashyak utkranti sudharana sankhyandvare darshavilya jaatatah
"(1) mea-sulfur samanvayatmak rasayanshastradvare qoo kinwa kinwa pasoon sendriya sanyuganchi qamee honari nirmiti; (2) vividh redox urja strotancha vapar aanee adim enzymes aanee template tayar karane; (3) pratilekhan aanee anuvad upkaran aanee sail sambandhanche ghatak; (4) purv-peshi tayar karane; (5) sthir golakar kinwa rekheey genome; (6) cytoplasmic puttle; (7) kathor murine peshi bhinti; (8) vividh naun-murine kathor peshi bhinti; (9) glycoprotenesius peshi lifafa kinwa glycocalics; (10) cytoskeleton; (11) jatil gunasutra aanee aanvik puttle; (12) endosymbiosisdware peshi avyav.: 22 
jivanachya suruvatichya utkrantibaddalachya aaplya samajutisathi candlerchya yogdanache anek vela kautuk kele gele, udaa.jee.
mueller 1998,
vigal 1998, 
2003 aanee 2006 madhye,
schliefer 2011.
upayojit sukshmajivashastra.
lui pasteur haah candlerchya vaidnyanik nayakanpaiki eka hota. candlerla pashcharchya matey uddhrut karayala aavadale qee konatehi "upayojit vidnyan" nahee, parantu tyaeivaji "vidnyanache anuprayog" aahet.
jevha teey freezing-wehenstephen yetheel dakshin german dugdha sanshodhan kendrachya jivanushastriy sanstheche sanchalak hote, tevha tyanni dudh aanee dugdhajanya padarthanchya sukshmajivashastravar laksh kendrit kele.jee. dudhache shelf-life vadhavanyasathi paddhati vikasit kelya aanee dahisathi starter kalcharmadhye "lactobacillus acidophilus" chya vaparachi chachani kelee. tyanni dudh aanee bhajipalyachya utpadananchya kinvanasathi anek prakriyanchi chachani kelee kinwa thund panyachya pranalinmadhye sukshmajivancha yashasviritya samna karnyasathi prastavit paddhatinchi chachani kelee (adhik udaharane schliefer 2011 pahaa.
nantar tyanni thermophilic methanogens aanee sandapani kinwa itar itar biogass tayar karnyachya tyanchya kshamatevar sanshodhan kele.
paryavaran.
vaidnyanik paryavaranshastracha prarambhik pratinidhi mhanoon candlerchi bhoomika qamee dnyat aahe. teey bavarian academy auph sciences (aata forum phara ecology-panel phaur ecology) yethe 'commission phaur ecology' chey saha-sansthapak hote.
jyache teey 2006 paryant sadasya hote.
paryavaranashi tyanchi ruchi vyapak hotee; udaharanarth, tyanni jivanunshi parasparsanvad, jangalatil paristhiti aanee munich shaharat likenche parat yene hatalale.
1980 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun, germanytil tathakathit 'waldsterbane' (vann mrutyu) vareel sanshodhan german vidnyan aanee tantradnyan mantralayane mothya pramanat prayojit kele hote. tyachya swatachya tapasachya aadhare,
candler eka nirnayak samikshak banala.

