
42 yuu.ess.see. kalam 652 (keey)

42 yuu.ess.see. kalam 652 (keey) haah united statescha kayada aahe jyamadhye kadhikadhi baal aadhar bharnyat ayashasvi jhalelya vyaktinsathi parpatra nakarane kinwa radd karane aavashyak asate. 1996 madhye vaiyaktik jababdari aanee kamachi sandhee kayadyacha bhag mhanoon haah kayada lagoo karnyat aala.
kayadyacha itihas.
1996 madhye united states congressne 1996 chaa vaiyaktik jababdari aanee kamachi sandhee samet kayada (prvora) manjur keela. congressne samajik suraksha kayadyachya shirshak IV-A chaa bhag mhanoon vitarit kelelya vyaktinche haqq kinwa rokh kalyan kadhoon taknyacha prayatna keela. tyaeivaji, congressne 'tanf' kinwa garajoo kutumbanna tatpurati madat yaa karyakramacha bhag mhanoon rajyanna khand anudan vitarit karane pasant kele. gruhmarg aanee sadhan samitinusar (ahwal 104-15), "sarvajanik kayadyache pramukh uddisht 104-193 heey ashritatevar hallah karoon kalyankari mantranchi lambi qamee karane aanee tyach velee tatpuratya aarthik samasyancha samna karananya kutumbansathi surakshitata jaale mhanoon kalyanache karya jatan karane heey aahe."yaa prayatnancha eka bhag mhanoon, ekal palak kutumbe kalyankari yaditoon baher padatil aanee swayampurn rahtil yaa aashene congressne baal samarthan sankalanache darr sudharanyacha prayatna keela. parishadechya ahavalanusar (ahwal 104-725) "sinetchi bhavna aahe qee-(aaa) rajyanni, gair-snrakshak palakanchi nokarichi sthitee kinwa sthan kahihi asso, gair-snrakshak palkankadun snrakshak palakanparyant baal sahayya bharana lagoo karnyasathi tyanche prayatna parishrampurvak suru thewale pahijet."
sudharit baal sahayya karyakramane paach pramukh uddishte sadhya keleeh anek baal sahayya amalbajavani prakriya svayanchalit karane; eksaman magova prakriya sthapan karane; aantarrajyiy baal sahayya amalbajavani balkat karane; pitrutva sthapit karnyasathi rajyanni adhik majboot upayayojana swikarane aavashyak aahe; aanee baal sahayya sankalan vadhavinyasathi adhik majboot amalbajavani sadhane tayar karane. rajyanna samaan baal samarthan kayade karnyas protsahit karnyasathi, rajyanna federal baal samarthan karyalayachya madhyamatoon mahitee samayik karnyat madat karnyasathi, niyamit mahitivar prakriya karnyasathi aanee aantarrajya prakarane twarene hatalanyasathi congressne kayada tayar keela.
kalam 3 (baal aadhar), upashirshak jee (baal aadhar amalbajavani) madhye baal aadhar sankalan sudharanyasathi 14 amalbajavani upay hote, jyat kalam 370, kalam 42 yuu antargat baal aadhar naan bharalyas parpatra nakarane samavisht aahe.ess.see. kalam 652 (keey) (2) madhye ashee sudharana karnyat aalee hotee qee, rajya sachiv, parichhed (1) antargat pathavalelya sachivane pramanpatra dilyanantar, asha vyaktila parpatra denyas nakar deil aanee asha vyaktila yapurvi jaaree kelela parpatra radd karoo shakel, pratibandhit karoo shakel kinwa maryadit karoo shakel."nond kelelya teen samityanpaiki konatyahi ahavalane" meey "haah shabd vaparoon parpatra radd karane, nirbandh kinwa maryada ghalane heey vivekadhin karnyachya tarkavar bhashya kele nahee."
jyaa vyaktinchya balsangopanache paise 5,000 dollar (see. aii. madhye $2500.00) kinwa tyahoon adhik thakbaki hote, tyanna parpatra denyas nakar denyache dhoran pararashtra vibhagane sweekarle, parantu asha vyaktinche vidyaman parpatra radd karnyasathi tyanchyakade sansadhane navhati. rajya vibhagachya nidarshanas yenyasathi ekhadya vyaktila 'naveen parpatra sevansathi' arj karava lagat asey. "naveen sevan" madhye parpatrat prushthe jodane yasarkhya sevanchahi samavesh hota.
prakriyatmak yogya prakriya sanrakshn.
prakriyatmak yogya prakriya sanrakshn 42 yuu madhye darshavile aahet.ess.see. 654 (31) (aaa). yaa vibhagat parpatra nakarnyachya kinwa 42 yuu antargat nirbandhanchya purvatatancha ullekh aahe.ess.see. kalam 652. tyat asey lihile aaheh "(aaa) pratyek sambandhit vyaktila asha sankalpachi aanee tyachya parinamanchi aanee sankalpala virodh karanyachi sandhee denyachi soochana dilee jaate". bhashela vadgrast nirnayanvar antim nirnayachi aavashyakta nahee, fakt tee "soochana aanee sandhee" dilee jaavi. 1988 chya kautumbik sahayya kayadyat asehi aavashyak aahe qee baal sahayya pradan karnyasathi konatyahi nyayik kinwa prashasakeey karyavahit, rajyachya margdarshak tattvanmule midalela baal sahayya hii baal sahayyachi yogya rakkam aahe, assa eka nakarta yenyajoga andaj asel.
vaiyaktik jababdari aanee kamachi sandhee kayada dekhil baal aadhar gola karnyasathi gair-snrakshak palakanchya malmattanvar purvadhikar thevanyachi parvanagi deto. parantu parpatra nakarnyavar yogya prakriya suraksha upay heey purvadhikar thevanayanpeksha qamee kadak asatat. parpatra nakarnyachya kayadyasathi "soochana aanee sandhee" aavashyak aahe parantu dharanadhikar thevanyasathi atirikt patalichi yogya prakriya aavashyak aahe. dharanadhikar thevanyapurvi, "swatantra prashasakeey kinwa nyayik nyayadhikaranakade nondinvar apeal karanyachi sandhee" upalabdh karoon dilee gelee pahije.
45 see.eff.aar. § 303.35 (aaa) (2001) madhye pratyek rajyane prashasakeey takrar prakriya rabavane aavashyak aahe... rajya baal sahayya amalbajavani sansthanni kelelya chuka sudharanyasathi "prashasakeey punaravalokanachi vinanti karanyachi sandhee vyaktinna dene.
kayadeshir hetu.
proracha uddesh sanghiy kalyankari kharch qamee karane haah aahe, parantu kalam 370 antargat vardhit amalbajavani upay heey keval tanfpurte maryadit naheet. kalam 301 kalam 654 madhye sudharana karate, jenekarun "ekhadya vyaktine mulachya sandarbhat asha sevansathi arj kelyas itar konatyahi mulachi" vadhiv amalbajavani houu shakel, jaree snrakshak palakanna tyaa itar mulansathi tanuff nidhi milat nasla tarihi. rajya baal sahayya sanstha niyamitpane abhiraksha palakanchya vatine heey karatat kaaran vidheyakat samavisht asalele sanghiy anudan aanee kamgiri protsahan yaa prathes protsahan detat. anek rajyanni yaa vibhagacha arth lavala aahe, jenekarun rajya sansthene yaa labhansathi arj karava.
1975 madhye, jevha samajik suraksha kayadyacha bhag dii haah pii. chaa bhag mhanoon lagoo karnyat aala tevha eff. dii. see. (tanfcha purvavarti) naan milananya palkansathi sangharajya anudanit baal sahayya sankalan yantrana pratham vistaranyat aalee.ell. 93-647. baal sahayya amalbajavanichya upayayojananmadhye 1975 pasoon veloveli vaadh karnyat aalee aahe. etch. varr kayadevishayak nond.aar. 3734 haah muddah gair-kalyankari praptakartyansathi, kinwa tyanni yaa samasyecha vichar keela taree, sangharajya anudanit, vardhit sankalan yantrana vadhavanyacha congresscha hetu aahe qee nahee kinwa qaa yavar gup aahe. gruhmarg aanee sadhan samiticha andaj aahe qee heey upay gair-tanf abhiraksha palakanna denyacha kharch varshik $88 abjanpeksha jaast aahe, tarr kayadyat lakshyit baal sahayya deyakanchi rakkam $34 abj hotee.
tyanantarcha itihas.
parpatra nakarnyachya tartudit anek badal karnyat aale aahet, tasech sudharananche kahee ayashasvi prayatna jhaale aahet. pii.ell. 106-113 (1999) neey ekhadya vyaktichya pathimbyachya thakbakichi maryada 5,000 dollarvaroon 2,500 dollarparyant qamee karnyachya vyavharyatevar rajya sachivanni kongreskade ahwal sadar karane aavashyak hote. 2000 madhye, george doubleu. busch prashasanane 2000 chya 'baal samarthan amalbajavani vadhichya sudharana' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya vidheyakat maryada 2,500 dollarsparyant qamee karnyacha prastav mandala parantu too kadhihi sadar karnyat aala nahee. tyanantar parpatra nirbandhanmadhye sudharana karnari teen vidheyke sadar karnyat aalee. 108 taas.aar. 4859 (2004) neey maryada 2,500 dollarparyant qamee karnyacha prayatna keela parantu too kadhihi kayada jhaala nahee. 2005 chaa toot qamee karnyacha kayada (pru.ell. 109-171) kalam 7303 neey parpatra nakarnyas chalana denyasathi aavashyak asaleli thakbaki rakkam $5,000 varoon $2,500 paryant qamee kelee. 2007 madhye, 110 taas.aar. 491 heey vidheyak radd karane vivekadhin karnyaivaji anivarya karnyasathi sadar karnyat aale hote, parantu heey vidheyak kadhihi kayada jhaale nahee. 2009 madhye, 111 taas.aar. 2723 hii yojana, "anyatha apatra asalelya vyaktila balsangopanachya thakbaki bharnyasathi aanee itar karanansathi rojgarachya uddeshane united stateschya baher pravas karanyachi parvanagi denyasathi suut denyasathi" december 2009 paryant suru karnyat aalee hotee, tee pudhil karvaichi pratiksha karat aahe.
yuu. varr parinam karananya amalbajavanichya tartudi.ess. weinstein wii.' madheel ghatanatmak aavhananpasun parpatra aataparyant bachavale aahet. albrite "(2001)," unic wii. powell "(2002)," james keey. madhye. walker "(2002)," mahasool vibhag wii. nesbit "(2008)," resedhoover wii. washington "(2008), borrakini wii. johns (2009) aanee dewald wii. clinton (2010).