
chee fuffus vhee. muktaman

chee fuffus vhee. freeman, 92 yuu.ess. 275 (1876) haah amerikechya sarvoch nyayalayacha khatala hota, jyane assa nikal deela qee sthalantarasandarbhat niyam nishchit karnyache aanee paradeshi sambandh vyavasthapit karnyache adhikar rajyanaivaji americi federal sarkarkade aahet. immigration dhoran aanee immigration amalbajavanishi sambandhit babinvar sarkari pradhikaranashi sambandhit itar sarvoch nyayalayin prakarananmadhye heey prakaran uddhrut kele gele aahe, agadi alikadech arizona wii. united states (2012).
parshvabhoomi.
19vya shatkachya madhyat californiachya sonyachya gardimule chinmadhun paschim americet, visheshtah californiamadhye sthalantar vadhale hote. californiachya anek vasahatinkadun, visheshtah pandhya majuranche pratinidhitva karananya kamgar sanghatananmadhye chiinii sthalantarabaddal shatrutva hote. california rajya vidhimandalane rajyala chiinii sthalantaras apriy banavanyasathi anek kayade kele, jyat 1862 madheel cooley virodhi kayadyasah.
dusarikade, americi sanghiy sarkar, chiinii sarkarshi adhik maitripurna drushtikon thevun hote. 1868 madhye, donhi deshanni burlingham kararavar sahmati darshavali jyamadhye chinala vyaparasathi sarvat pasantichya rashtracha darja denyat aala hota aanee donhi desh dusya deshachya nagarikanna sthalantar karnyas muktapane parvanagi deteel parantu nagarikatvakade jaanyacha marg denyache konatehi aashvasan dile nahee. kharey tarr, 1870 chya naisargikkaran kayadyane krishnavarniy aanee goryanmadhil naisargikkaranavar spashtapane nirbandh ghatale, parantu janmachya velee nagrikatva ajunahi sarvansathi khule hote, kaaran sarvoch nyayalayane 'united states wii. wong kiim aark "(1878).
1875 madhye california eka kayada manjur keela, jyamadhye immigration aayuktanna californiat yenanya pravashanchi tapasani karnyasathi pratyek tapasanisathi 75 seent kharch karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee, jee pravashala aakarli gelee aanee jyaa pravashanvar ashleel aanee ashleel asalyacha sanshay hota tyanna pravesh nakarnyacha adhikar denyat aala. tathapi, jahajachya kaptana tyanchyasathi rokhe bharalyas sanshayitanna ajunahi pravesh deela jaau shakato.
samaan kayade aanee sambandhit nyayalayin prakarane.
newyork aanee louisiana yaa itar done sanyukt rajyanmadhye samaan kayade hote, jyanna tyach kalat aavhan denyat aale hoteh
tathye.
chinahun sann franciscola pravas karoon 1875 madhye aalelya 'japan' yaa steamermadhil pravashanmadhye chinmadhil 22 mahila hotya, jyat 'chee fuffus' dekhil hotee. immigration aayuktanni pravashanchi tapasani kelee aanee chee fuffus aanee itar mahilanchi olakh 'lampat aanee vikrut mahila' ashee kelee."californiachya serve parganya, gave aanee shaharanna tichya done varshanchya pathimbyachya kinwa dekhbhalichya jababdarichya virodhat nuksan bharpai denyachya pratyaksh hetune teela utaranyachi parvanagi denyasathi jahajachya captainkade prati mahila $500 bandhpatra () bharnyacha paryay hota, parantu captonne bandhpatra bharnyas nakar deela aanee jahajavaril mahilanna tabyat ghetale.
tyanni 'habeas corpus' chya ritwar khatala dakhal keela, jyamule tyanna sann franciscochya county aanee shaharachya sherifchya tabyat halavanyat aale, jithe teey aadhich chinala ravana jhalelya 'japan' chya paratavyachya pratikshet rahile.
yaa mahilanni chinmadhye haddapar honyas nakar deela aanee tyanna haddapar karnyachya nirnayala aavhan dile. californiachya sarvoch nyayalayane tyanna pravesh nakarnyasathi vaparlya jaananya kayadyachi ghatanatmakata kayam thewali aanee tyanche nirvasana kayam thewale. mahilanni amerikechya sarvoch nyayalayat yaa nirnayala apeal kele, tethe upasthit honara pahila khatala jyamadhye chiinii firyadicha samavesh hota.
nirnay.
nyaymurti stephen johnson feeled yanni serve mahilanna sherifchya kothaditun sodanyache aadesh dile. tathapi, chee fuffusane ajunahi sarvoch nyayalayat khatala dabla aanee teela aanee tichya sathidaranna turungat taknyasathi vaparlya gelelya kayadyachya ghatanatmakatechi chachani ghenyacha prayatna keela.
1 aktoobar 1875 roji sarvoch nyayalayane sarvanumate fuffusachya bajoone nirnay deela. tyacha prathamik yuktivad assa hota qee rajyanaivaji sanghiy sarkar sthalantar dhoran aanee itar deshanshi rajnaitik sambandhanche prabhari hote. tyamule chiinii sthalantaravar nirbandh ghalane californiavar avalambun navhate. sarvoch nyayalayane asehi namood kele qee californiachya karvaimule americi sarkarchya kararvishayak jababdanyancha bhang karoon pararashtra sambandh dhokyat yeu shakatat.
sarvoch nyayalayane namood kele qee jaree rajye garib aanee doshi gunhegaranvishayi vajvi aanee aavashyak niyam banavoo shakat asali, taree haah kayada tyapalikade gela aanee tyamule too khandanicha hota.
yaa prakaranat tyanchya vatine konatahi yuktivad naan kelyabaddal nyayalayane california sarkar, immigration aayukt aanee sann franciscochya sherifavarhi teeka kelee.
vishisht sthalantaritanna labad aanee bhrasht mhanoon chinhankit karnyachya immigration aayuktanchya nirnayanvar niyantran thevanyachya yogya prakriyechya abhavavarhi nyayalayane teeka kelee.
prushth adhiniyam.
yaa prakaranacha nirnay jhaala tyaa sumaras, amerikechya federal sarkarne aapale pahile adhikrut dhoran sammat kele, jyat californiachya kaydyasarkhyach margane sthalantaravar lakshaniy nirbandh ghatale gele, jeey asanvaidhanik manale gele hote. 1875 chya prushth kayadyane "avanchhaniy" manalya jaananya sthalantaritanchya praveshavar bandee ghatali, eka shreni jyacha uddesh saktiche majur aanee mahila veshya yancha samavesh karane aanee chiinii nagrikatva aanee vanshachya lokanna lagoo karane haah hota. mahila veshya yanvaril bandee haah yaa kayadyacha sarvat jaast lagoo kelela pailu hota. amalbajavani yantrashastrat hongkongmadhil chiinii mahilanche changle naitik charitrya nishchit karnyasathi aanee teey veshya naheet heey pramanit karnyasathi tyanchi purvparikshan karane samavisht hote. jahaj utarlyanantar immigration aayuktanni kelelya tapasanicha samavesh asalelya california kayadyachya amalbajavanipeksha teey khoop vegale hote.
tyanantarchya varshanmadhye, 1880 chaa engel taha aanee chiinii bahishkar kayada (1882) yasah, americi sarkarne chiinii sthalantaravar lakshaniy nirbandh ghatale. chiinii firyadi yanni us immigration amalbajavanila aavhan denanya prakarananvaril nantarche nirnay firyadi aanee sarkarsathi tharvile gele (tyapaiki sarvat mahatvache, jyala chiinii bahishkar prakaran mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate, teey "chey chaan ping wii. united states). tathapi, federal sarkarchya adhikaraparyant pudhe dhakalalele nirnay, teey 'chay fuffus wii.' shhee susangat hote. muktaman ".
mahatva.
burney madofla prasiddhapane shiksha denare united statesmadhil circuit courtache nyayadhish, nyayadhish denny chiin yanni yaa prakarnavar courtroom dramachi vyavastha kelee. tyanni heey prakaran aitihasik manale kaaran chiinii aanee itar sthalantaranviruddh vadhatya bhavna asatana, prushth kayada lagoo hott asatana, chiinii firyadine aanee firyadisathi nirnay ghenara haah pahila khatala hota.
tevhapasoon kayadeshir vakilanni kelelya yuktivadanmadhye aanee sarvoch nyayalayachya nirnayanmadhye nyayadhishanni dilelya matanmadhyehi yaa prakaranacha ullekh keela gela aahe. agadi alikade, arizona wii. united states (2012), sarvoch nyayalayane arizonachya ess. bii. 1070 chya asanvaidhanik kalmanvar nikal deela, joou federal immigration kayadyachya kahee pailunchi amalbajavani karnyasathi rajya kayadyachi amalbajavani karnari sansadhane samarpit karnyacha kayada aahe. sarvoch nyayalayane 'chay fuffus wii.' chaa hawala deela. eka purvavarti mhanoon freeman.