
yivo

yivo (yiddishah <unk>, <unk>) hii eka sanstha aahe jee purv europe, germany aanee russiamadhye jyoo jivanacha sanskrutik itihas tasech varnalekhan, shabdakosh aanee yiddishi sambandhit itar abhyas jatan karate, abhyas karate aanee shikavate. ('yidishar' yaa shabdacha arth 'yiddish' aanee 'jyoo' assa aahe.") 1925 madhye dusya polish prajasattakatil vilnomadhye (aata vilnius, lithuania) yidish visnaftalekhar sanstha (yidishah <unk>, yidish vaidnyanik sanstha) mhanoon sthapan karnyat aalee, tyache ingraji naav newyork shaharat sthalantarit jhalyanantar jyoo sanshodhanasathi sanstha banale, parantu teey ajunahi pramukhyane tyachya yidish sankshipt navane olakhale jaate. yivo aata jyoo itihasachya kendracha bhagidar aahe. purvi, tyanchyakade bhashashastradnya hote jyancha mukhya vyavasay vyakaranache niyam aanee naveen shabd tharvane haah hota aanee yaa kalat tyanna dharmnirpeksh jagaat yiddi bhasheche manyataprapt bhasha niyamak mhanoon kaam karnyasathi pahile jaat hote. tathapi, yivo aata haah uddesh sadhya karat nahee. tarisuddha, yivo pranali ajunahi vidyapithanmadhye samanyatah shikavali jaate aanee teela "kalal shprakh" (yiddishah Кгллл сеphрая, mhanje 'manak bhasha') aanee kadhikadhi "yivo yiddish" (yiddishah ииинуо ииинас) mhanoon olakhale jaate.
upkram.
yivo hastalikhite, durmil pustake aanee dincharya aanee itar yiddi srot jatan karate. newyorkmadheel yivo granthalayat 16vya shatkachya suruvatiche 385,000 hoon adhik khand aahet. andaje 40,000 khand yiddish bhashet aahet, jyamule yivo granthalay heey jagatil yiddish bhashetil kamancha sarvat motha sangrah aahe. yivo sangrahanmadhye 23,000,000 kagadpatre, chhayachitre, dhwanimudrane, bhittichitre, chitrapat aanee itar kalakruti aahet. ektritpane, tyat madhya aanee purv european jurie aanee american jyoo sthalantarit anubhavachya itihasashi aanee sanskratishi sambandhit samagricha jagatil sarvat motha sangrah aahe. sangrah aanee granthalay sangrahanmadhye ingraji, french, german, hibru, russian, polish aanee judio-spanishs baaraa pramukh bhashanmadhil kamancha samavesh aahe.
yivo, 'yivo blatter' (1931 madhye sthapan), 'yadeej funn yivo' (1929 madhye sthapan) aanee 'yadishe shaprakh' (1941 madhye sthapan) yasah yadish bhashetil pustakanche aanee niyatkalikanche prakashak mhanoonahi kaam karate. yivo varshik jyoo samajik abhyas' (1946 madhye sthapan) yasarkhya ingraji bhashetil prakashanansathihi teey jababdar aahe.
itihas.
yivocha prastav suruvatila yiddish bhashashastradnya aanee lekhak nocham stiff (1879-1933) yanni mandala hota. tyane yiddishchya tyachya samarthanala 'vastavadi' zionism mhanoon darshavile, jeey 'durdarshi' hebrist aanee russian kinwa polish swikaranaya 'aatm-dvesh' samakalanvadyanchya viruddha aahe. itar pramukh sansthapkanmadhye bhashashastradnya max weinrich (1894-1969) aanee itihaskar elias chericover (1881-1943) yancha samavesh hota.
1925 madhye berlin parishadet yivochi sthapana jhaali, parantu dusare polish prajasattakatil mothya jyoo loksankhya asalelya vilna yaa shaharat tyache mukhyalay hote. suruvatichya yivochya shakha berlin, warsau aanee newyork shaharatahi hotya. pudhil dashakat, ashkenazi loksankhya asalelya itar anek deshanmadhye lahan gut udayas aale.
yivochya pahilya dashakanmadhye, cherikover yanni aitihasik sanshodhan vibhagache netrutva kele, jyat sayman dubo, saul emm. hyancha dekhil samavesh hota. ginsberg, abraham menes aanee jacob shatzki. libush lehrer (1887-1964) yanni manasshastradnya aanee shikshak abraham gollomb, etch. yanchyasah eka vibhagache netrutva kele. ess. kasdan aanee abraham aaron robeck. arthshastradnya aanee loksankhyashastradnya baine-aadir, libman hersch aanee moshe shalit yanchya eka vibhagache netrutva jacob lestsinsky (1876-1966) yanni kele. venarichya bhasha aanee sahitya vibhagat juda leab kahan, alekzandar harkevi, juda aaa yancha samavesh hota. joff, ziilii kalmanovich, schmuell niger, noach priluki aanee zalman punha udayas aale. yivone tyachya vanshik samitichya nirdeshanusar vanshik sahitya dekhil gola kele aanee jatan kele. 1925 madhye, yivochya vishvast mandalamadhye kinwa 'curatorium' madhye sayman dabno, albert einstein, sigmund fried, moses gaster, edward sapper aanee chem zitlowski yancha samavesh hota.
1934 teey 1940 paryant, yivone espirantur mhanoon olakhala jaanara eka padvidhar prashikshan karyakram chalavala. yivoche adhyaksh zemak shabad yanchya navavarun yaa karyakramala naav denyat aale asoon, yaa karyakramat varg aayojit kele gele aanee jyoo abhyas kshetrat mool sanshodhan karnyasathi vidyarthyanna margadarshan kele gele. vidyarthyanche anek prakalp samajshastriy swarupache hote (max venaricha sahbhag pratibimbit karnare) aanee tyanni vilna pradeshatil samkalin jyoo jivanabaddal mahitee gola kelee.
purv europemadhye nazichya pragatimule yivola tyache karya newyork shaharat halvave lagale. fundatian ivo mhanoon olakhale jaanare dusare mahattvache kendra, argentinamadhil buenos ires yethe sthapan karnyat aale. yuddh suru jhaale tevha yivochya sanshodhan vibhaganche charahi sanchalak aadhich americet hote kinwa tithe pohochu shakale hote. sanstheche naveen mukhyalay newyork shaharat sthapan karnyat aale. vilna sangrahancha eka bhag nazinni lutala aanee nazinchya niyojit vidyapithachya yahudivirodhi vibhagacha aadhar honyasathi frankfurtla pathavala. 1946 madhye, yuu.ess. lashkarane hii kagadpatre japt kelee aanee tee newyorkmadheel yivola pathavali.
yivo granthalay german aanee bhooldaranni lutale hote, parantu swatahla 'pepper brigade' mhanavnari sanstha anek pustakanchi taskari karoo shakali aanee tyanna nashapasoon vachavu shakali. tyanantar hii samagri lithuania granthapal, antana ulpis yanni soviet samrajyapasun jatan kelee. hii samagri aata lithuania madhyavarti rajya abhilekhanmadhye aanee lithuania martinas mazvidas rashtriy granthalayat thevanyat aalee aahe. 2014 madhye, lithuania prajasattakachya sarkarchya sahkaryane, brentne 15 lakhanhun adhik kagadpatre aanee purv europe aanee rashiyatil 500 varshanchya jyoo itihasache pratinidhitva karnari andaje 12,200 pustake jatan karnyasathi aanee digitize karnyasathi yivo institutemadhye aitihasik edward blank yivo vilna online sangrah prakalpachi sthapana kelee.
newyork shahar aanee buenos ires vyatirikt, shikago yivo society aaj sakriy asalele tisare kendra aahe.
prakashne.
yivone anek pramukh vidvattapoorn prakashan prakalp haatee ghetale aahet, jyapaiki sarvat alikadacha mhanje 'purv europemadhil jyoo lokancha yivo vishvakosh', joou march 2008 madhye yell university presachya sahkaryane prakashit jhaala. montriyalmadhil mcgill vidyapithatil itihas aanee jyoo abhyasache pradhyapak, mukhya sampadak gershon david hunderut yanchya netrutvakhali, heey abhootpurv sandarbh karya purv europeey jyoo lokanchya tyanchya pahilya vasahatipasun teey aajchya divasaparyantcha itihas aanee sanskratiche paddhatshirpane pratinidhitva karate. 1800 hoon adhik varnanukramik nondinmadhye dharm, lokkatha, rajkaran, qalaa, sangeet, rangbhumi, bhasha aanee sahitya, thikane, sanstha, bauddhik chalvali aanee mahattvachya vyaktinsah anek vishayancha samavesh aahe. done khandanchya sanchamadhye 1,000 hoon adhik chitre aanee 55 nakashe dekhil aahet. 450 pratishthit vidvananchya aantarrashtriy chamoochya mool yogdanasah, yaa vishvakoshat germany aanee ural parvatanmadhil pradeshacha samavesh aahe, jithun 1870 teey 1920 darmyan 25 lakhanhun adhik jyoo americet sthalantarit jhaale.