
orinoko mugger

orinoko magri (crocodials intermedius) haah eka gambhirpane luptapray magri aahe. tyachi loksankhya khoop qamee aahe aanee tee keval venezuela aanee kolambiyamadhil orinoko nadichya khonyat aadhaltat. 19vya aanee 20vya shatkat tyanchya tvachesathi mothya pramanat shikar kelee jaanari hii magarinchi sarvat luptapray prajat aahe. magarinchi hii eka khoop mothee prajati aahe; purviparyant narr, vajan jaast asalyache nondavale gele aahe, parantu aaj asey aakar astitvat naheet, kaaran teey adhik vyapakpane sweekarle jaanare kamal aakar aahe. aaj eka motha narr lambi gathoo shakato aanee vajan vadhavu shakato, tarr maadee mothya pramanat lahan asatat aanee tyanche vajan jawalpas asanyachi shakyata jaast asate. laingik dvirupata itar magri prajatinitaki sakhol nahee. praudhanmadhyehi rung halka asato.
orinoko magariche jivashastra jangalat kharab prakare nondavale gele aahe, mukhytah tyachya qamee loksankhyemule. tyat sandhisadhu svabhavacha adhik masemaricha aahar asalyache manale jaate, parinami samanya shikari vartan hote. orinoko magri haah eka sarvoch shikari aahe aanee prasangi cammons vividh pakshi, sastan prani aanee sarpatananya pranyancha shikar karanyachi sandhee gheil. shikarcha paya bahutek mothya shikari mashanni banalela aahe, sthanik lokanchya samanya drushtikonas aavhan dett, sthanik mashanchi shikar karananya magarinchi takrar atishay qamee sankhyene kelee jaate. anek ahwal asoonahi, orinoko magri mothya aakarat asoonahi, kvachitach manavansathi dhoka nirman karate. koradya hangamat jevha panyachi patali qamee asate tevha punarutpadan hote. orinoko magri hii sambandhit nail, godya panyatil aanee kharya panyachya magarinpramanech chhidranchi bahuli asatat aanee undy ghalanyasathi valoot chhidre khodatat. maadee anek varshe gharatyanchi aanee lahan mulanchi rakhan karatat.
vargikaran.
jaree austreliya/ashiya mool dekhil manale gele asale taree, 'crocodials' vansh bahudha aafriket ugam pavala aanee aagney ashiya aanee amerikechya dishene baherchya dishene pasarla. jatijanya purave, sumare 2 kotee 50 laakh varshanpurvi, oligosine/myosene simejaval, madgaskarchya namshesh jhalelya 'voe' yaa tyachya sarvat jawalchya alikadil sambandhit 'crocodilus' pasoon vegale honyas samarthan detat.
2021 hekkala aanee itaranni sudharit kelelya rupshastriy, aanvik (dii. aine. aii. anukramanika) aanee starikrut (jivashma yug) mahiticha vapar karoon lii aanee yets yanni ekach velee kelelya 2018 chya tip dating abhyasavar aadharit cladogram khalee deela aahe."namshesh jhalelya" "voe" "madhoon kadhalelya dii. aine. aii. chaa vapar karoon paleogenomicscha abhyas keela jaato".
vaishishtye.
orinoko magri tyachya tulanene lamb nakane olakhali jaau shakate, jee kahishi samaan disana american magaripeksha arund aahe. yaa prajatiche katade samanyatah fikat fikat asate, jaree kiman teen rangbhed dnyat aahet, kahee jawaljawal purnapane pivalya aanee kahee gadad tapkiri-rakhadi rangache aahet. tvachecha rung dirghkal badaloo shakato; hii ghatana itar prajatinmadhye nondavali gelee aahe jee haloohaloo tyanchya tvachetil melaninche praman badaloo shakate. yaa magarinvar gadad tapkiri rangachya khuna asatat, jyaa lahan namunyanmadhye adhik spasht pattya mhanoon aanee praudhanvar vikhuralelya khuna mhanoon disatat. mojmap aanee vajanachya eka vyaktichi dansh shakti hotee.
aakar.
orinoko magri sarvat mothya jiwant sarpatananya pranyanpaiki eka aahe, tasech americetil sarvat mothya shikari pranyanpaiki eka aahe. heey amerikemadhil sarasari sarvat mothe magri aahe; american magri, kaale cammon aanee american mugger samaan parimanaparyant pohochu shakatat, tarr orinoko magri thodi lamb asoo shakate (kinwa, nirogi sankhyene asatana). tyachya sambhavya kamal aakaranusar, orinoko magri, kharya panyatil magri aanee nail magri nantar (jee tyachya lakshaniy bhinn shreni asoonahi tyachyashi jawalun sambandhit aahe) tisra sarvat motha vidyaman kharaa magri mhanoon sthan midvu shakato aanee ghadiyalchya mage asalelya serve vidyaman magarinmadhye 4thya kramankavar asoo shakato, jaree aadhunik kalatil orinokoche namune yaa prajatinna takkar deu shakatat asey suchavanyasathi phaar qamee aahe. orinoko magarinsathi laingik paripakvata mahilansathi jawalpas prapt hote, tarr narr magarinsathi laingik paripakvata sumare lambichya aaspas prapt hote, bahutek praudh magarinchya prajatipeksha jaast. 1985 teey 1992 yaa kalat jangali praudh madichi sarasari lambi aadhalali, tarr tyaa velee purushanchi sarasari lambi sarvekshanat aadhalali nahee. jarr manavanni marle nahee, tarr praudh narr sahajpane ayushyabhar vadhatat tevadhech lamb hotat, kadachit mothya namunyanmadhye vajan vadhavtat, tarr maadee apekshit aakarapeksha jaast lamb vadhu shakatat aanee kadhikadhi tyapeksha jaast asoo shakatat. ginesachya nondinnusar, teey tapasu shakale tyaa praudhanchi sarasari lambi fakt hotee aanee pratyaksh aadhalalela sarvat motha namuna hota. bandivasat, roberto franco ushnakatibandhiy jaivik kendravar (eae. bii. tii. aar. eff.), sarvat motha narr nondavala gela aanee tyache vajan nondavale gele aanee mahilansathi nondavalela kamal aakar lamb aanee vajanat hota. venezuelamadhye, purush kiman lambi aanee vajanat pohochatat asey nondavale gele aahe, tarr striya vajanaparyant pohochatat aanee vajan vadhavtat. aitihasikdrushtya nondavalela sarvat motha namuna 1800 madhye chitrit karnyat aala hota aanee jaree too srot vishvasarh manla jaat asala taree durdaivane, tyatoon konatahi vouture namuna dnyat nahee. 20 vya shatkat tyanchya tvachesathi vyapak shikar kelyamule, aaj asey rakshas astitvat naheet aanee aadhunik orinoko magarinchi lambi jaast asalyache nondavale gele nahee. mardanane purushasathi sadhya karata yenari kamal ekoon lambi aanee strichi kamal lambi ashee soochibaddha kelee.
vitaran aanee adhivas.
hii prajati venezuela aanee kolambiyamadhil orinoko nadichya khoyapurati maryadit aahe. teey trinidad betavar adhunmadhun nondavale gele aahet, parantu yachee pushti jhaleli nahee aanee sakshidaranni american magarila durmil prajati mhanoon chukiche tharavale asel. yaa magarine ushnakatibandhiy jangalanpasun teey andischya payathyashi asalelya pravahanparyant nadipatratil adhivasanchya vistrut shreneet vastavya kele hote asey ekekali manale jaat hote. aaj hii prajati lanos savana aanee sambandhit hangami godya panyatil nadyanparyant maryadit aahe.
vartan aanee paryavaran.
shikar aanee aahar.
orinoko magarinchya aahar jivashastravar farsa abhyas jhalela nahee, parantu pratyakshadarshinchya vruttanvarun aanee bandivasatil aanee magarinchya shetanmadhil anshatah abhyasanvarun, orinoko magarinchya aaharat bahutansh mothya mashancha samavesh asalyache disate. asha jalchar shikarala pakadanyasathi jaal pratikar qamee karnyasathi prajatiche tulanene arund naak aadarshpane yogya aahe. tathapi, eka sandhisadhu sarvoch shikari mhanoon, tyachya shreneet rahnara aksharshah konatahi prani, jase qee aksheruki, sarpatanare prani, pakshi aanee sastan prani, heey sambhavya ann manale jaau shakate. thodi lamb kavati asoonahi, tyache mool naak rund asate, jeey samanya aaharakade nirdesh karate. yavyatirikt, jasjase tyanche vay vadhate tasatase, visheshtah praudh naranna eka rund naak disun yete, bahudha itar anek mothya magri prajatinmadhye disalyapramane mothya pramanat shikar karnyas saksham honyachya badalamule. tee jalchar aanee jaminivaril donhi prakarchya shikaranna khanda lavoon ghete. eka motha praudh mhanoon, sandhee midalyas, jaminivaril shikaramadhye makade, hareen, pakshi, itar sarpatanare prani, paliv prani aanee kadhikadhi itar mothya shikari pranyancha samavesh asoo shakato. magarichya anek mothya prajatinpramanech, orinoko magri dekhil magarinchya lahan prajatinna pakadatana aanee khatana disun aalee aahe, jase qee praudh samanya kaiman aanee kahivela tyachya swatachya prakarchya lahan vyaktinche narbhakshikaran.
manavanvaril hallyanchi nond jhaali aahe, parantu prajatinchi farach qamee loksankhya aanee mothya manvi vasahatinpasun tyache sapeksh vilgikaran pahata, aaj heey eka samanya vartan asanyachi shakyata farach qamee aahe. aitihasikdrushtya halle asamanya navhate aanee 1800 madhye tyachya yaa pradeshachya dauyat, sthanikanni alekzandar vonn humboltla sangitale qee orinoko magarinni darvarshi done kinwa teen praudh lokanna marle. 1900-1930 chya dashakat, jevha hii prajati tulanene samanya hotee, tevha thodya pramanat adhik changlya pramanat nondavalelya pranghatak hallyanchi nond jhaali. 2009 madhye eka machchimaravar jhalela alikadacha ekmev uttam prakare nondavalela hallah gambhir hota parantu jivghena navhata. 2011 madhye cosedes nadichya laa palmitamadhye dusra jiwant vyakti rahat asalyachi nond jhaali hotee, parantu yaa hallyacha konatahi tapasheel (too nemke kevha jhaala yasah) nahee.
punarutpadan.
koradya hangamat jevha paanee qamee hote, tevha orinoko magri khadde padnyasathi mage hatatat aanee nadichya kathavar utkhanan karatat. praudh jodiche jodidar varshatil koradya kalavadhit ekatra yetat. praudh narr garjana karoon madila aakarshit karatat. mahilanchi sankhya anekada done teey eka purushanpeksha jaast asate aanee sarvat khol garjana asalelya purushanchi nivad kartana disatat. punha navyane dakhal jhalelya loksankhyemadhye, 14 sambhavya praudh naranpaiki keval 6 purushanni 90 takkyanhun adhik undy dilee. sahasa sanyoganantar 14 aathvadyanni maadee magri gharate khodoon sumare 40 undy ghalate. serve magarinpramanech haah eka chhidra-nester aahe aanee too sahasa valuchya kathavar gharate banavato. undy maatee aanee kujalelya vanaspatinchya mishranakhali sumare teen mahine ubavatat. dabalelya andyancha sarvat samanya shikari tegu sarade aahet, jaree tagus kadhikadhi aaee magaridware pakadale jaatat aanee marle jaatat. ratri lahan mule ubatat aanee tyanchya aaeela haak maratat; tee tyanna gharatyatun baher kadhate aanee tyanna panyat gheuun jaate, jeey yaa tappyavar barech jaast aahe. tarun orinoko magarinna anekada american kaale gidhade, tegu sarade, anakonda, kaiman, kotis, jagwar aanee itar mansahari pranyanchya shikaricha dhoka asato, jaree yaa prajatinna kadhikadhi bachav karananya aaee magaridware pakadale jaate aanee marle jaate. praudhanna manavanvyatirikt konatehi shikari nasatat. mahilanni teen varshanhun adhik kaal balkanchya shenga sanrakshit kelya aahet, jaree swatantryachya eka varshachya jawal asane heey samanyatah sarvat samanya aahe. bandist orinoko magarinchya abhyasat gharate bandhatana praudhanchya aakramak vartanachi nond kelee gelee aanee nondavale gele qee samanyatah tulanene vinamra magarinna sakriyapane palat thevat asatana tyanchyashi sampark sadhata yet nahee. chhal naan karata, aurinoco magri 70-80 varshanche ayushya gathoo shakatat.
sanrakshanachi sthitee.
orinoko magri tyachya chamadyasathi jaast shikar kelyamule atyant dhokyat aahe. 1940 teey 1960 chya dashakat, yapaiki hajaro pranyanchi orinoko nadee aanee llanos panthal pradeshat kattal karnyat aalee aanee yaa prajati namshesh honyachya agadi jawal aalya. 1970 chya dashakat orinoko magarila sanrakshit darja denyat aala hota, parantu tee adyap burry jhaleli nahee. aaj, too kolambiya aanee venezuela yaa donhi deshanmadhye sanrakshit aahe aanee sandarbhanusar parishisht 1 varr dekhil samavisht aahe. tyachya lankanacha shodh ghenyavyatirikt, alikadil dhokyanmadhye jiwant pranyanchya vyaparat vikrisathi alpavayin mulancha sangrah, pradushan aanee varchya orinoko nadee pradeshatil dharanacha prastav yancha samavesh aahe. aanakhi eka samasya mhanje chashmadar kaimanchi vadhati loksankhya, eka lahan magri jee orinoko magarila tyachya khoop mothya loksankhyemule aanee adhik vegwan prajnan daramule mashansathi parabhoot karoo shakate.
jangalat kitee vyakti rahatat heey aspasht aahe, parantu andaj 250 teey 1500 darmyan aahe. venezuelamadhil sarvat mothee up-loksankhya kojedis aanee sararemadhye aahe, 500 peksha qamee praudh shillak aahet. itar anek lahan up-loksankhya astitvat aahet.
november 2007 madhye, prajati 360 dware nondanikrut pranisangrahalayanmadhye 50 vyaktinna thevanyat aale hote, jyapaiki sarvat mothee loksankhya, 35 vyaktinna, dalla jaagtik matsyalayat thevanyat aale hote. yavyatirikt, venezuelamadhil bandee-prajnan suvidhanmadhye mothya sankhyene lokanna thevanyat aale aahe. 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun, mothya sankhyene hatchlingsna khajgi shetjamininmadhye (visheshtah lanossmadhye jethe sthanik arthvyavasthesathi nisarg-kendrit paryatan mahattvache aahe) aanee venezuelamadhil rashtriy udyananmadhye sodale gele aahe. venezuelatil sahaa bandee-prajnan karyakram aaj suru asatana, anekjan nidhi kinwa karmchanyanchya kamataratemule tasech khajgi aanee sarkari malkichya suvidhanmadhil sangharshanmule trast aahet.
orinoko magri haah 'proecto vida sylvester' chaa bhag banala, joou colombiachya lanoschya 10 vanyajeev prajatinche sanrakshn karnyasathi 2014 madhye suru karnyat aala hota. tyaa karyakramamule, meey 2015 teey februwari 2016 darmyan, purv kolambiyatil ell tuparo rashtriy naisargik udyanat 41 orinoko magarinchi punha olakh karoon denyat aalee.