quantum dott cellular automaton

quantum dott cellular autometa (kyu. dii. see. aii., jyala kadhikadhi fakt quantum cellular autometa kinwa kyu. see. aii. mhanoon sambodhale jaate) hii paramparik sanganakachya rachnevar (see. emm. oo. ess.) prastavit sudharana aahe, jee johnn wonn neuman yanni sadar kelelya cellular autometachya paramparik modelschya sadrushyat tayar kelee gelee aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
detache pratinidhitva karnyasathi aanee ganana karnyasathi tayar kelelya konatyahi upkaranat, teey vaparun ghetalele bhautikshastra tattva aanee teey tayar karnyasathi vaparlele sahitya kahihi asso, done moolbhut gunadharm asane aavashyak aaheth vegalepana aanee sthiticha sashart badal, nantarcha pahila soochit karato. yacha arth assa qee asha upkaranat adthale asane aavashyak aahe jyamule avasthanmadhye farak karane shakya hoil aanee sthiticha sashart badal karnyasathi yaa adthalyanvar niyantran thevanyachi kshamata asane aavashyak aahe. udaharanarth, digital electronic pranalimadhye, transister asha niyantrit karnyayogya urja adthalyanchi bhoomika bajavtat, jyamule tyanchyashi sanganakeey karya karane atyant vyavharik banate.
cellular autometa.
cellular automaton (see. aii.) hii eka swatantra gatishil pranali aahe jyamadhye peshinche eksaman (maryadit kinwa anant) jaale asate. pratyek peshi eka swatantra velee maryadit sankhyechya avasthanpaiki keval eka sthiteet asoo shakate. jasjasa vel pudhe jaato, tastashi greedmadheel pratyek peshichi sthitee eka parivartan niyamadvare nirdharit kelee jaate, jee tyachya mageel sthitila aanee tabadtob jawalchya peshinchya (peshicha "shejari") sthitila karanibhoot tharate. cellular automatonche sarvat prasiddha udaharan mhanje johnn horton convecha 'game auph life', jyache tyanni 1970 madhye varnan kele.
quantum-dott peshi.
mool.
cellular autometa samanyatah software program mhanoon amalat aanale jaatat. tathapi, 1993 madhye, karj aanee itar. quantum-dott peshi vaparoon svayanchalit yantranchya pratyaksh amalbajavanicha prastav mandala. automatonne patkan lokpriyata midavali aanee 1997 madhye pahilyanda tayar kele gele. cellular autometa aanee quantum mechanics yaa donhiche swatantra swaroop ektrit karoon, khoop uchch switching vegane (terahertzchya kramane) ganana karnyas saksham nanoe-scale upkarane tayar karnyasathi aanee atyant qamee pramanat vidyut urja vaparnyasathi.
aadhunik peshi.
aaj, pramanit ghan sthitee kyu. see. aii. peshi rachana quantum thipkyanmadhil antar sumare 20 nm aanee peshinmadhil antar sumare 60 nm manate. konatyahi see. aii. pramanech, quantum (-dott) cellular autometa heey greedver thevalelya peshinmadhil sadhya parasparsanvadachya niyamanvar aadharit asatat. kyu. see. aii. peshi chauras rachnet mandanyat aalelya chaar quantum bindunpasoon tayar kelee jaate. heey quantum dots asha jaaga aahet jithe electron tyanna bogda lavoon vyapoo shakatat.
peshi rachana.
aakruti 2 quantum-dott peshichi eka sopee aakruti darshavate. jarr peshivar done electron charge kele gele asateel, tarr pratyek peshitil konatyahi thikani bogda lavnyas mukt asel, tarr paraspar sthir vidyut pratikarshanamule heey electron ekmekanchya sandarbhat shakya titkya durparyant jaaga vyapanyacha prayatna kartil. tyamule, done vegale karata yenyajogya peshi avastha astitvat aahet. aakruti 3 quantum-dott peshichya done sambhavya kiman urja avastha darshavate. peshinchya sthitila tyache dhruvikaran mhanatat, jyala pii mhanoon darshavile jaate. jaree aniyantritpane nivadle gele asale taree, '0' tarkshastra darshavinyasathi peshi dhruvikaran p =-1 aanee '1' tarkshastra darshavinyasathi p = + 1 vaparane hii pramanit pratha bunley aahe.
kyu. see. aii. wire.
quantum-dott peshinchi grid vyavastha asha prakare vagate jyamule ganana houu shakate. quantum-dott peshi ekmekanna bajula thevun sarvat sopee vyavharik peshi vyavastha dilee jaate. aakruti 4 chaar quantum-dott peshinchi ashee vyavastha darshavate. aakrutitil seema chaukati bhautik amalbajavaniche pratinidhitva karat naheet, parantu vaiyaktik peshi olakhanyache sadhan mhanoon darshavilya aahet.
aakruti 4 madhye darshavilelya vyavasthetil konatyahi peshinche dhruvikaran (chalak peshidvare) badalayache asel tarr urvarit peshi tyanchya darmyanchya kulambik parasparsanvadamule naveen dhruvikaranashi lagech samkramit hotil. asha prakare, dhruvikaran sthitee prasarit prasarit quantum-dott peshinchi eka 'wire' tayar kelee jaau shakate. asha taranchi sanrachana gananesathi tarkshastrachya dwarancha sampoorn sanch tayar karoo shakate.
kyu. see. aii. madhye done prakarchya taar shakya aaheth aakruti 4 madhye darshavilyapramane eka sadhee dvisangi taar aanee eka invertor sakhali, jee 45-ansh ulat kyu. see. aii. peshi bajula thevun tayar hote.
logic gates.
bahumatache dwar.
bahusankhya gett aanee invertor (nahee) gett heey qcache done sarvat moolbhut building blocks manale jaatat. aakruti 5 teen input aanee eka outputs bahumat gett darshavate. yaa sanrachanet, outputvaril pratyek inputcha vidyut kshetra prabhav samaan aanee yojak asato, parinami jee input sthitee ("binary 0" kinwa "binary 1") bahusankhyatemadhye asate tee output selchi sthitee banate-mhanoon getche naav. udaharanarth, jarr input a aanee b heey "binary 0" sthiteet astitvat asateel aanee input c heey "binary 1" sthiteet astitvat asel, tarr output "binary 0" sthiteet astitvat asel kaaran input a aanee b yancha ektrit vidyut kshetra parinam keval input c peksha jaast aahe.
itar darvaje.
itar prakarche darvaje, mhanje darvaje aanee kinwa darvaje, tyachya eka inputvar nishchit dhruvikaranasaha bahusankhya gett vaparoon bandhale jaau shakatat. dusarikade, aakruti 6 madhye darshavilyapramane, eka gett nahee, heey bahumatachya getpeksha moolbhootpane vegale aahe. yaa rachanechi gurukilli mhanje input vibhajit aahe aanee parinami yenare donhi input outputwar tirakaspane prabhav padatat. orthogonal placementchya ulat, yaa input sanrachanecha vidyut kshetra prabhav outputmadhil dhruvikaranachya ulatya honyas bhag padato.
rajya sankraman.
quantum-dott peshi aanee cellular autometa yanchyat sambandh aahe. peshi keval 2 paiki eka sthiteet asoo shakatat aanee peshitil sthiticha sashart badal tyachya shejarchya shejaryanchya sthitivar avalambun asato. tathapi, kyu. see. aii. peshinmadhye sthitee sankraman konatya dishene hote heey paribhashit karnyasathi deta pravah niyantrit karanyachi paddhat aavashyak aahe. kyu. see. aii. pranalichya ghadyalanchi done uddishte purn hotatah svayanchalit yantrala shakti dene aanee deta pravahachya dishene niyantran thevane. kyu. see. aii. ghadyale hii svayanchalit jaalikhalil pravahakeey samagrichi kshetre aahet, jee tyachya vareel kyu. see. aii. peshinmadhil electron tunneling adthalyanche niyaman karatat.
chaar tappe.
eka kyu. see. aii. ghadyal tyachya varchya peshinchya bogdyanchya adthalyanmadhye chaar tappe prerit karate. pahilya tappyat bogdyanche adthale vadhu lagatat. peshipasoon tappyavar pohochate jevha bogdyanche adthale electronna bogdyapasoon rokhanyasathi purese jaast asatat. tisra tappa tevha udbhavato jevha uchch adthala qamee houu lagato. aanee shevati, chauthya tappyat, bogdyanchya adthalyanmule electron punha muktapane bogda karoo shakatat. sopya shabdat sangayache tarr, jevha ghadyalacha sanket jaast asato, tevha electron bogda ubharanyasathi mukt asatat. jevha ghadyalacha sanket qamee asato, tevha peshi bandist hote.
aakruti 7 ghadyalacha sanket darshavate, jyat tyachya chaar tappe aanee pratyek ghadyalachya tappyavar peshivar honare parinam asatat. eka vishisht kyu. see. aii. rachnesathi chaar ghadyale aavashyak asatat, jyapaiki pratyek ghadyal mageel ghadyalasah 90 anshanchya tappyabaher asate. jarr aadvya taramadhye 8 peshi asateel aanee davikadoon suru suru pratyek salag jodila pratyek salag ghadyalashi jodayche asel, tarr deta naisargikaritya davikadoon ujavikade vahel. peshinchi pahili jodee peshinchi dusari jodee adakat nahee toparyant aanee asech pudhe adakat raheel. asha prakare, deta pravahachi disha ghadyal kshetrandvare niyantrit kelee jaau shakate
wire-crossing.
kyu. see. aii. peshinmadhil wire-crossing done bhinn quantum dott abhimukhata vaparoon (eka peshipasoonachyyaa 45 anshanvar) kele jaau shakate aanee eka prakarchya tarala peshipasoon prakarchya taratoon lambpane "jaau" dete, jase aakruti 8 madhye yojnabaddhapane dakhavale aahe. donhi prakarchya peshinmadhil thipkyanmadhil antar agadi sarkhech aahe, jyamule pratyek peshitil electronmadhye samaan kulambik parasparkriya nirman hote. yaa done peshinchya prakaranni banalelya taar matra bhinn aaheth eka prakar badal naan karata dhruvikaranacha prasar karato; dusra dhruvikaran eka jawalchya peshipasoon peshipasoon peshimadhye ulatato. paar karnyachya binduvar vegvegalya prakarchya taranmadhil parasparsanvadamule konatyahi taramadhye nivval dhruvikaran badal hott nahee, jyamule donhi taranvaril sanket jatan karata yetat.
banavat samasya.
jaree heey tantra agadi sope asale taree teey eka prachand banavat samasya darshavate. naveen prakarchya peshicha namuna sambhavyatah banavat kharch aanee payabhoot suvidhanchya duppat pramanat pravesh karato; interstitial greedvaril sambhavya quantum dott sthananchi sankhya duppat hote aanee bhaumitik rachana guntaguntmadhye ekoon vaadh apariharya aahe. yaa tantrane aanakhi eka samasya mandali aahe tee mhanje samaan abhimukhata asalelya peshinmadhil atirikt jaaga peshinchi jaminichi sthitee aanee peshinchi pahili uttejit sthitee yanchyatil urja adthale qamee karate. heey kamal karya tapman, entropycha pratikar aanee badalanyacha veg yaa drushtine yantrachi kamgiri qamee karate.
crossbar network.
eka vegale wire-crossing tantra, jeey kyu. see. aii. upkarananche banavatkaran adhik vyavharik banavate, teey christopher granke, david wheeler, douglus tuffo aanee jeffrey dii yanni sadar kele. tyanchya peparmadhye, "quantum-dott cellular autometa vaparoon crossbar networkchi amalbajavani". pepper keval wire-crossing lagoo karanyachi naveen paddhat sadar karat nahee tarr qca clockingwar eka naveen drushtikon dekhil deto.
tyanche wire-crossing tantra samkramanache karya mhanoon ganana karnyas saksham asalelya kyu. see. aii. upkarananchya amalbajavanichi sankalpana sadar karate. yacha arth, upkaranat konatehi bhautik badal naan karata ghadyal pranalidware upkaran karyat badal karanyachi kshamata. asha prakare, aadhi namood kelelya banavat samasyeche nirakaran khalilpramane kele jaateh aaa) keval ekach prakarchya quantum-dott namunyacha vapar karane aanee buub) puresha guntagunticha sarvatrik qca building block banavanyachya kshamatedvare, jeey karya keval tyachya velechya yantranedvare nirdharit kele jaate (i.eae., tyachya ghadyale).
tathapi, ardh-adiabatic swichingsathi, qcachya aantarik switching gatichya tulanet peshiche tunneling adthale tulanene haloohaloo badalane aavashyak aahe. jevha peshi achanak badalalya jaatat tevha tevha ringing aanee metastable avasthanna heey pratibandhit karate. tyamule, kyu. see. aii. chaa badalanyacha veg peshila dhruvikaran badalanyasathi badalanyasathi veleparyant maryadit nasato, tarr ghadyalanchya yogya ardh-adiabetic badalanyachya veleparyant maryadit asato.
malikechya samantar.
sangananasathi saksham asalelya yantrachi rachana kartana, samantar deta reshanche kramik deta pravahat rupantar karane anekada aavashyak asate. heey rupantaran detachya vegvegalya tukadyanna ekach taravaril mulyanchya velevar avalambun asalelya maliket qamee karnyas anumati dete. aakruti 9 asey samantar-teey-malika rupantaran kyu. see. aii. upkaran darshavate. chhayankit bhaganvaril sankhya salag 90-ansh tappyanvar vegvegalya ghadyal kshetranche pratinidhitva karatat. serve input ekach ghadyal kshetravar kase aahet teey pahaa. jarr samantar mahitee aii, bii, see aanee dii inputvar chalavali gelee aanee nantar kiman urvarit 15 syrial transmission tappyansathi pudhe naan chalavali gelee, tarr output ex dii, see, bii aanee aii-chee moolye tyaa kramane, teen, saat, akra aanee pandhra tappyanvar sadar karel. jarr utpadanamadhye ghadyalasathi naveen kshetra jodayche asel, tarr yogya sthitee-bund karnyacha kalavadhi yogyaritya nivadoon konatyahi inputshee sambandhit moolya jodanyasathi teey ghadyal kele jaau shakate.
naveen latching ghadyal kshetra aakruti 9 madhye darshavilelya itar chaar ghadyal kshetranpasun purnapane swatantra asel. udaharanarth, jarr naveen latching kshetrasathi vyaj moolya heey dii darr 16 vya tappyat sadar karate asey moolya asel tarr naveen pradeshachi ghadyal yantrana chauthya tappyat aanee tyanantar pratyek 16 vya tappyat moolya sthapit karnyasathi sanrachit karavi lagel, tyamule dii vagalata serve inputkade durlaksh karave lagel.
atirikt anukramik olee.
upkaranat dusari anukramik ola jodane aanee aanakhi eka latching kshetra jodalyane done bhinn outputwar done input moolye jodata yeteel. ganana karnyasathi, eka gett jodalela asato joou tyanchya sambandhit outputwar donhi syrial lines input mhanoon gheto. jevha anukramanchya shevati asalelya donhi latching kshetranmadhye ekach kshani swarasya moolye asatat tevhach detachi prakriya karnyasathi sanrachit kelelya naveen latching pradeshavar gett thewala jaato. aakruti 10 ashee vyavastha darshavate. jarr yogyaritya sanrachit kele asel tarr 5 aanee 6 yaa kshetranmadhye pratyekamadhye 7 yaa kshetramadhye swarasya asaleli input moolye asateel. yaa kshani, 7 yaa kshetramadhye aanee getdware 5 aanee 6 yaa kshetranmadhye lavaleli moolye asoo deteel, asha prakare output konatyahi done inputcha parinam mhanoon sanrachit kele jaau shakate (mhanje.eae. aar aanee kyu) keval 5,6 aanee 7 hya latching kshetranchi rachana karoon.
heey 16 karye amalat aananyachi lavchikta darshavate, jyamule bhautik rachana asparshit rahate. atirikt anukramik resha aanee samantar inputmule pratyakshat yenyajogya karyanchi sankhya nakkich vadhel. tathapi, asha upkarananchi eka lakshaniy kamatarata mhanje, jase jase pratyakshat yenyajogya karyanchi sankhya vadhate, tase ghadyal kshetranchi sankhya vadhane aavashyak aahe. parinami, karya amalbajavanichya yaa paddhaticha vapar karnare upkaran tyachya paramparik pratirupapeksha lakshaniyaritya mand kamgiri karoo shakate.
banavat.
samanyatah sangayache tarr, kyu. see. aii. amalbajavaniche chaar vegvegale varg aaheth dhatoo-bett, ardhavahak, aanvik aanee chumbakeey.
dhatoo-bett.
dhatoo-bett amalbajavani heey kyu. see. aii. chee sankalpana darshavinyasathi tayar kelele pahile banavat tantradnyan hote. veg aanee vyavharikta yaa arthane sadhyachya tantradnyanashi spardha karnyacha mool hetu navhata, kaaran tyache sanrachanatmak gunadharm scalable designsathi yogya naheet. yaa paddhatimadhye aluminium betancha vapar karoon quantum thipke tayar karane samavisht aahe. yapurviche prayog 1 micrometer aakarman asalelya dhatuchya betanvar rabavale jaat hote. tulanene mothya aakarachya betanmule, dhatoo-betavaril upkarane quantum prabhav (electron switching) nirikshanyogya honyasathi atyant qamee tapmanat thevavi lagali.
ardhchalak.
semiconductor (kinwa solid steet) kyu. see. aii. amalbajavanicha vapar see. emm. oo. ess. upkarane amalat aananyasathi vaparlya jaanarya tyach atyant pragat semiconductor fabrication prakriyesah kyu. see. aii. upkarane amalat aananyasathi keela jaau shakato. peshi dhruvikaran heey aavesh sthitee mhanoon encode kele jaate aanee quantum-dott parasparsanvad heey sthir vidyut jodanivar avalambun asatat. tathapi, sadhyachya ardhchalak prakriya adyap asha tappyavar pohochalya naheet jithe itakya lahan vaishishtyansah (±20 nanometer) upkarananche mothya pramanat utpadan shakya aahe. tathapi, kramik lithographic paddhati, kyu. see. aii. solid steet amalbajavani sadhya karnyayogya banavtat, parantu aavashyakpane vyavharik nasatat. syrial lithography hii mand, mahagadi aanee ghan-avasthetil kyu. see. aii. upkarananchya mothya pramanat utpadanasathi ayogya aahe. aaj, bahutek kyu. see. aii. namuna prayog heey amalbajavani tantradnyan vaparoon kele jaatat.
aanvik.
prastavit parantu adyap amalat naan aanalelya paddhatimadhye ekach renunmadhun kyu. see. aii. upkarane tayar karane samavisht aahe. asha paddhatiche apekshit fayade pudhilpramane aaheth atyant samamiteey kyu. see. aii. peshi rachana, atishay uchch switching gatee, atyant uchch upkaran ghanata, kholichya tapmanavar karya karane aanee swayam-asemblidware mothya pramanat utpadan karnari upkarane asanyachi shakyata. hii paddhat amalat aananyapurvi renunchi nivad, yogya parasparsanvad yantranechi rachana aanee ghadyal tantradnyan yasah anek tantrik aavhane sodavane baakee aahe.
chumbakeey.
chumbakeey kyu. see. aii., jyala samanyatah emm. kyu. see. aii. (kinwa kyu. see. aii.: emm.) mhanoon sambodhale jaate, teey chumbakeey nanoe kananmadhil parasparsanvadavar aadharit asate. yaa nanoparticles chumbakatva vector itar serve amalbajavanimadhye dhruvikaran vectorsarkhech aahe. emm. kyu. see. aii. madhye, 'quantum' haah shabd chumbakeey devanghevanichya parasparsanvadachya quantum-yantrik swarupacha sandarbh deto, electron-tunnelling prabhavancha nahee. asha prakare tayar keleli upkarane kholichya tapmanavar kaam karoo shakatat.
see. emm. oo. ess. peksha sudharana.
purak dhatoo-auxide semiconductor (see. emm. oo. ess.) tantradnyan heey gelya chaar dashakanpasun mothya pramanavar ekatmik (vhee. ell. ess. aay.) upkarane lagoo karnyasathi udyog manak aahe, pramukhyane asha upkarananchya laghukaranamule (mhanje.eae. badalanyacha veg vadhavane, jatilata vadhavane aanee vijecha vapar qamee karane). quantum cellular autometa (kyu. see. aii.) heey heey varshant see. emm. oo. ess. tantradnyan ladanar asalelya moolbhut maryadanvar paryayi upay mhanoon prastavit kelelya anek paryayi tantradnyananpaiki eka aahe.
kyu. see. aii. jaree see. emm. oo. ess. tantradnyanachya bahutansh maryada sodavat asale, taree teey swatache dekhil aanate. sanshodhan asey suchavate qee kyu. see. aii. peshicha aantarik badalanyachi vel terahertzchya kramane sarvottam asate. tathapi, yogya ardh-adiabetic ghadyal switching frequency settingmule, ghan sthitisathi megahertzchya kramane qca aanee aanvik qcsathi gigahertzchya kramane vastavik veg khoopach qamee asoo shakato.

