
united statesmadhil kamgar kayadyacha itihas

united statesmadhil kamgar kayadyacha itihas mhanje united stateschya kamgar kayadyacha vikas kinwa united states auph amerikemadhil kamgar, tyanche niyokta aanee kamgar sanghatana yanchyatil kayadeshir sambandh.
swatantryapurvi.
americetil kamgar vivadancha itihas krantikari kalachya byanch aadhicha aahe. udaharanarth, 1636 madhye, mainechya kinadhyalagatchya eka betavar machchimarancha sump jhaala aanee 1677 madhye newyork shaharat sampavar gelyamule baaraa karmanana dand thothavanyat aala. tathapi, vasahatvadi kalat kamgaranchya ashantatechi bahutek udaharane tatpurati aanee ekaki hotee aanee kvachitach vataghatichya uddeshane majuranche kayamswarupi gut tayar jhaale. ashantatemule jakhami jhalelyansathi kayadeshir upay upalabdh navhata, kaaran sump samanyatah bekaydeshir manale jaat navhate. vasahatvadi kalatil kamgaranvar faujdari khatala chalavanyache ekmev dnyat prakaran 1746 madhye georgiachya savana yethe sutaranchya sampamule ghadale.
19vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, krantinantar, farsa badal jhalela navhata. bahutek karagiransathi karkirdichya margat ajunahi padvyuttar shikshaki shikshanacha samavesh hota, tyanantar swatantra nirmitikade valane. tathapi, audhyogik krantichya kalat, heey model vegane badalale, visheshtah pramukh mahanagaranmadhye. udaharanarth, 1790 madhye bostenmadhye shaharatil 1,300 karagiranpaiki bahusankhyanni swatahla 'kushal kamgar' mhanoon varnan kele. 1815 paryant, utpadanachya swatantra sadhananshivay pravasi kamgaranni yaa "malakanna" bahusankhya mhanoon visthapit kele hote. tyaa veleparyant newyork shahar aanee filadelfiyamadhye pravasi lokanchi sankhya dekhil masterspeksha jaast hotee. mothya pramanat atlantic paar aanee grameen-shahari sthalantaramule heey badal jhaale. kinarpattivaril shaharanmadhye sthalantar kelyane sambhavya majuranchi mothee loksankhya nirman jhaali, jyamule bhandavali niyantrakanna mothya pramanat shrampradhan udhyoganmadhye guntavanuk karanyachi mubha midali. hastakala kamgaranna aadhalale qee yaa badalanni tyanna ekmekanshi tyaa pramanat spardha karnyas suruvat kelee jee tyanni purvi anubhavali navhati, jyamule tyanchya sandhee maryadit jhalya aanee tyapurvi astitvat nasalelya khalchya dishene halchal karanyachi lakshaniy jokhim nirman jhaali.
ekonisavya shatkat.
sanghatananchi bekaydeshirta.
yaa paristhitimule americet pahili shram sanyojanachi prakarane samore aalee. 19vya shatkachya purvardhat, pensylvania, maryland, newyork, louisiana, massatusates aanee virginia yaa sahaa rajyanmadhye gunhegari katasathi aaroppatra aanee khatala chalavanyachi tevis dnyat prakarane aahet. yaa prakarananmadhye mukhya prashna nehmi assa hota qee kamgaranna ektritpane tyanchya samoohik saudebaji shakticha vapar karoon, vadhalele vetan, qamee jhalele taas kinwa sudharit paristhiti-jeey tyanchya vaiyaktik kshamatechya palikade hote, teey laabh midvanyachi parvanagi dilee jaeel qaa? yaa prakarananmule mothya pramanat doshasiddhi jhaali. tathapi, bahutansh prakarananmadhye firyadichi ichcha anukool purvat sthapit karanyachi hotee, kathor dand naan lavnyachi aanee dand samanyatah mafak hota.
rashtrakul wii. madheel aitihasik nirnayapurvichya prakarananchya madhyavarti vishayanpaiki eka. hunt', jyane sanghanchi kayadeshirata nishchit kelee, tee krantinantarchya americet ingraji samanya kayadyachi lagoo hotee. ingraji samanya kayada lagoo hoto qaa-aanee visheshtah vetan vadhavanyacha cutt bekaydeshir hota yaa samanya kayadyachya kalpanela lagoo kele jaate qaa-haah bachav paksh aanee khatala chalvananyanmadhye varanvar charchecha vishay hota. udaharanarth, 'rashtrakul wii. 1806 madhye, 'pulis' haah khatala philadelphiyamadhil pravasi rakshakanchya ektrit sahbhagaviruddha, tyanche vetan vadhavanyacha cutt rachalyabaddal, bachav pakshachya vakilanni samanya kayadyacha ullekh manmani aanee adnyat assa keela aanee tyaeivaji krantichya lokshahi aashvasanache moort swaroop mhanoon vidhimandalachi prashansa kelee. vetan vadhavanyache sanyojan heey 'swatahun' bekaydeshir asalyacha nirnay detana, recorder mosesachya karpranalishi thampane asahmat hote, asey lihitana qee 'too vidhimandalachya swarupachi kaame karato parantu tyaa sanhitecha eka chhotasa bhag aahe jyatoon nagarikane tyachi kartavye shikayachi aahet. . . [i] tii heey samanya kayadyachya khandanmadhye aahe, jyachi mahitee aapan khoop jaast sankhyene shodhanar aahot, tasech aaplya nyayadhikaranansamor yenari sarvat mahattvachi karane aahet."
kamgaranchya sanyoganviruddhachya anek doshasiddhicha parinam mhanoon, suruvatichya american kamgar kayadyachya vaishishtyapurn varnanat asey mhatale aahe qee, 1842 madhye massatusetsmadhye "shikar" karnyapurvi, vetan vadhavanyasathi, taas qamee karnyasathi kinwa rojgar sunishchit karnyasathi kamgaranche shantatapurn sanyojan, americet bekaydeshir hote, kaaran teey ingraji samanya kayadyantargat hote. englandmadhye, 17vya shatkachya suruvatila, vyaparavar niyantran thevanyasathichya sanyojanancha samavesh karnyasathi, gunhegari cutt kayade pahilyanda starr chembarchya nyayalayat aayojit kele gele. 1721 madhye 'aar. vhee. travelman-tailers auph cambridge' neey heey udaharan majboot kele, jyat pagar vadhavanyachya katasathi darji doshi aadhalale. leonard levine 'shikar' chaa ullekh 'american trade-yuniyanvadacha magna carta' assa keela, jyamule american aanee ingraji kayadeshir vyavharatil bhinnatecha pramukh muddah mhanoon tyachi samajali jaanari sthitee spasht hote, jyane 'kamgar sanghatanankadun gunhegaricha kalank door keela."
tathapi, 'shikar' karnyapurvi americet cases kayada sammishra hota. "ingraji samanya kayadyache katekorpane palan karane aanee vetan vadhavanyasathi sanyojan karane heey swatach bekaydeshir asalyache mananyat 'pulis' heey pratyakshat asamanya hote. shikar" karnyapurvichya bahutek vela sanyukt prakarananmadhye, sanghatana "swatahun" bekaydeshir asalyache gruheet dharale gele nahee, tarr doshasiddhisathi itar kahee samarthan aadhalale. 1806 madhye 'pulis' nantar, pudhil teen dashkant cutt rachalyabaddal kamgaranvar itar athara khatale chalavale gele. tathapi, asey fakt eka prakaran aahe, "lock wii. fisher' neey asehi mhatale qee, vetan vadhavanyachya uddeshane sanyojan karane bekaydeshir aahe. itar anek prakarananmadhye asey mhatale gele qee, swayam sanghatanaivaji sanghatana vaparat asalelya paddhati bekaydeshir hotya. udaharanarth, 'lock wii.' madhye. melvin mhanale, "tarband karnanyanna punha vetan vadhavanyachya katasathi doshi tharvanyat aale. tathapi, 'pulis' chya ulat, nyayalayane asey mhatale qee yaa sanyojanache astitva swatach bekaydeshir navhate, parantu tarihi doshasiddhiparyant pohochale kaaran dorgola bandhnanyanni qamee vetan denanya konatyahi malkasathi kinwa sanyojanane nirdharit kelelya tulanet qamee vetan swikaranaya konatyahi majurasathi kaam karnyas nakar deela hota. uchch vetan midvinyasathi vaparlya jaananya paddhati samajachya samanya kalyanasathi hanikarak tharvalya gelya tarr tyaa bekaydeshir thartil, asey nyayalayane mhatale. "rashtrakul wii. itaranchya kinwa samajachya hakkanchya purvgrahasathi done kinwa adhik lokancha karar" bekaydeshir tharel asey mhanat, kaal "heey manak sudharane suru thewale. sarvoch nyayalayache nyaymurti johnn gibson yanchya netrutvakhalil prakarananchi aanakhi eka ola, pensylvania 'rashtrakul wii. carlislene mhatale qee, yaa sanyojanacha uddesh, keval tyachya astitvaivaji, bekaydeshirtechi gurukilli hotee. gibsonne lihile, "jethe ekhadya vyaktisathi heey krutya kayadeshir aahe, tethe too cutt rachanyacha vishay asoo shakato, jevha too maifilimadhye keela jaato, jethe dukhapat hoil assa thet hetu asato."tarihi itar nyayalayanni, heey sanyojan dukhapatichya karanasathi hote qaa asey vicharananya niyamachya bajoone" "swatahun" "bekaydeshirtecha 'pulis' niyam nakarla". asha prakare, arthshastradnya edwin vitte yanni mhatalyapramane, "vetan vadhavanyasathi sanyojan karane bekaydeshir aahe yaa siddhantala samanya sammatine maranyachi parvanagi denyat aalee hotee. too ulthoon taknyasathi konatyahi pramukh khatalyachi aavashyakta navhati."tathapi, jaree" "shikar" "heey kamgar sanyojan kayadeshir asalyache mananare pahile prakaran nasale taree, spashtapane aanee spasht shabdat asey karnare teey pahile hote".
hehee pahaa.
itihasah