
pashudhanachi vahtook

pashudhanachi vahtook mhanje raste, railway, jahaj kinwa havai margane pashudhanachi vahtook. kattal, lilav, prajnan, pashu pradarshan, rodio, jatra aanee charai yasah anek karanansathi pashudhan vahoon nele jaate. jevha chalval seema olandun dusya deshat jaate, tevha tyala thet niryat mhanatat.
itihas.
manvi pragaitihasik aanee itihasachya bahutansh kalat, pashudhanachya vahatukiche prathamik sadhan mhanje paliv prani gheuun jaane. yache kaaran sahasa ektar hangami charaichya halchalisathi (tyanna unhalyachya charaichya shreneet halavane kinwa tyanna hivalyachya ativaparat kinwa nivaaryaat halavane) kinwa tyanna konatyahi prakarchya bajarpethet aanane, mug teey pashudhanachi devanghevan (shetkanyanmadhye) asso kinwa tyanchi vikri (dukane mhanoon, udaharanarth, guredhore sathavane kinwa kattal karnyasathi charbiyukt/tayar prani mhanoon). kahee vela aanee thikani vishisht aarthik paristhitit teey adhunmadhun khoop jaast asoo shakatat, taree, dhavnyachya sharyatit samavisht asalele antar sahasa fakt kahee mail hote. dweepsamuhanmadhye, jaree asha vahatukiche praman (mothya jahajanmadhil pathvanichya ulat) maryadit asale taree, pracheen kalapasoon naukandware pashudhanachi vahtook hott aalee aahe. 17vya shatkachya suruvatis, mothya jahajanmadhye pathavalyamule pashudhanachi sagari vahtook sopee, vegwan aanee vistarnyayogya houu lagali. 19vya shatkachya suruvatis, kalvyanchya nauka aanee railwayne jaminivaril pashudhan vahtook sulabh, jalad aanee vistarnyayogya banavanyas suruvat kelee. 
lavkar pathvane.
jahajadware pashudhanachya vahatukichi pahili dnyat nond sumare 1607 madhye susanne constant navachya ingraji jahajavar jhaali, jeey jamestownla jaananya vasahatinna vahoon nett hote. jasjasa kaal jaat gela aanee naveen jagacha vikas hott gela, tastashi englandmadhun puravatha karnari jahaje niyamit malvahatuk mhanoon pashudhan vahoon nett hotee. shuddha jaaticha satha plymouth aanee filadelfiyamadhye aayat keela jaat asey. sumare 1700 paryant, guredhore aanee pack kelelya mansachi niryat niyamitpane philadelphiya bandaratoon nighun gelee, jeey west indigela jaanyasathi bandhalele hote. sagari malvahatuk kartana pranyanche mrutyu bahudha 50 takke kinwa tyahoon adhik asatat, jyache kaaran kharab khadya puravatha, gardi aanee khadbadit samudra asey hote.
19 weey shatak.
1848 paryant shikagochi maans niryat jawaljawal 10 takkyanparyant vadhali hotee. asey manale jaate qee jiwant guranchi railway gadine shikagola pahili pathvani 1867 madhye cances paisiphik railwayne jhaali hotee. texasmadhun sumare vees lamb shinganni bharalelya gadyanni abilin, cances yetheel cances paisiphik railwaveryl railway yard sodale jeey shikago stock yardsathi hote. yaa ghatanene pashusamvardhan udhyogacha chehara badalala. texasmadhil guranna pramukh khadyapadarth, prakriya karnare aanee packerparyant pohochavanyasathi railway yardmadhye nele jaat asey. antar qamee karnyasathi aanee guranche poshan aanee charbi vadhavanyasathi jastit jaast annapadarth denyasathi guranchya payya kaljipurvak nivadalya gelya. pramukh kharedi kendranvar guredhore gola karnyasathi, chalvanyasathi aanee thevanyasathi kauboy bhadyane ghetale jaat asat. kauboyani sumare 3 takke margatil mrutyu nondavale. jasjase railwaymargancha vistar hott gela, prakriya anek patine vadhat gelee aanee shitkaran tantradnyan vikasit jhaale, 1867 madhye shitkrut railway gadiche paytant ghenyat aale. guredhore chalavanyachi garaj sampali aanee 1889 paryant guredhore chalavanyacha marg nahisa jhaala. sheetit vahatukichya sudharananmule kapade ghatalelya mansachya bajarpethela janm midala. poshakhat mansache vitaran sphotale, jyamule jiwant guranna railwayne pathvanyachi garaj haloohaloo qamee jhaali aanee aarthikdrushtya ashakya jhaali.
20 weey shatak.
20vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, kapade ghatalelya mansachya bajarpethet railwaymarganche varchasva hote aanee vastoo truck udyog tyachya balpanat hota. 20 vya shatkachya madhyaparyant, refrigerated trailer vyavsayik trucksathi vikasit karnyat aala aanee nantar prakriya kelelya mansache pathvani pramukhyane truck udhyogadvare kelee gelee aanee motar trucksathi pashudhan-chalvinyache trailer changlya prakare vikasit jhaale. railwayche raste kharab jhaale hote kinwa teey guredhore aanee itar pashudhan pathvanyasathi aanee prapt karnyasathi titke paryay deu shakat navhate. trakdware jiwant guranchi pathvani karane adhik kifayatshir, manvi hote aanee tyat guranna lilav, khadyapadarth aanee prakriya karananya yantrankade nenyasathi adhik paryay upalabdh hote. truck udhyogane sampoorn americet paraspar jodaleli raste vyavastha tayar karnyas madat kelee. pashudhanachya vyapak, parvadananya, soyiskar truckchya vikasamule anek deshantil sarvajanik rastyanvar mothya pramanat gardicha ant jhaala, jeey 1910 aanee 1940 chya darmyan jhaale. tyaa deshantil sarvajanik raste padchanyanvar kendrit asalelya samanya rastyanpasun motar-vahan-varchasva asalelya ujavya rastyanparyant badalale tyaa sankramanashi teey julale. dusya shabdant, motargadya vyapak aanee prabhavi hoiparyant pashudhan "rastyat nahee" hii kalpana astitvat navhati. aaj jaree samanyatah lahan pramanat asale taree, anek deshanmadhye kinwa pradeshanmadhye sarvajanik rastyanvar dhavane mahattvache aahe.
21 weey shatak.
aaj bahutansh pashudhan aanee prakriya kelele maans truck kampanyandvare vahoon nele jaate jyanchyakade yaa uddeshasathi vishesh trailer aahet. jaminivar pranyanchi halchal, mhanje paliv prani kinwa paliv prani palane, ajunahi adhik durgam kinwa sthanik bhagat vaparale jaate.
kayadeshir sthitee.
pashu kalyanachya chintemule, ektar vahatukdaranvar nirbandh kinwa jababdanya ladoon kinwa vahtook maryadit karoon, pashudhan kalyan surakshit karnyasathi pashudhan vahtook haah kayadyacha vishay rahila aahe. thet niryativar purnapane bandee ghalanyasathi prani kalyan sanstha moheem rabavat aahet. aar. ess. pii. see. aii. austreliyache varishtha dhoran adhikari jaid goodfello yanchya matey, anek dashakanpasun varanvar vedna aanee kroorateche purave milananya 'pashudhan vahtook' haah swabhavikpane uchch dhoka aahe.'
september 2020 madhye, dutch krishi mantri carola shouton yanni european union krishi aanee matsyapalan parishadela prani kalyan niyam samayojit karanyachi aanee kattalisathi pashudhan vahatukivar maryada ghalanyachi vinanti kelee; pashu vahatukivaril vishesh european union samiteene octobermadhye sunavani suru kelee. brittonche paryavaran sachiv george eustice yanni 3 december 2020 roji ingland aanee wells yethoon kattal aanee charbi vadhavanyasathi jiwant pranyanchya niryativar bandee ghalanyachya yojaneche anavaran kele. yojananna adyap antim roop dene aavashyak hote, kukkutpalan vagalale jaeel aanee uttar irelandvar parinam honar nahee (european union kayadyanusar), parantu scotland bahudha ingland aanee velsachya udaharanache anusaran karel. kahee kalapurvi, germanytil pradeshik nyayalayane 132 prajnan gavatanchya thet niryativar bandee ghatali hotee kaaran jyaa paristhitit tyanchi morokkomadhye kattal kelee jaeel tee paristhiti "amanaviy" asel.
14 april 2021 roji newzealand sarkarne jaheer kele qee, pashu kalyan manke vadhavanyasathi, done varshanchya sankraman kalavadhinantar 2023 paryant sagari margane pashudhanachi niryat tappyatappyane bund karnyacha nirnay ghetala aahe. asey karnara haah itihasatil pahila desh hota; karyakartyanni austreliya aanee itar rajyanna tyache anusaran karnyache aavahan kele.