
dishabhul karnara aalekh

sankhyikimadhye, dishabhul karnara aalekh, jyala vikrut aalekh asehi mhanatat, haah eka aalekh aahe joou detache chukiche pratinidhitva karato, sankhyikicha gairavapar karato aanee parinami tyatoon chukicha nishkarsh kadhala jaau shakato.
aalekh atishay klisht kinwa kharab bandhanimule dishabhul karnare asoo shakatat. tyanchya mahitichi vaishishtye achookpane pradarshit karnyasathi tayar kele gele asale taree, aalekh vegvegalya vyakhyanchya adheen asoo shakatat kinwa anpekshit prakarchi mahitee spashtapane aanee shevati chukine midavali jaau shakate.
mahitichya yogya arth lavnyamadhye adthala aananyasathi kinwa aalekhan softwareshee aparichitata, mahiticha chukicha arth lavane kinwa mahitee achookpane pohochavata yet naslyamule chukun dishabhul karnare aalekhan tayar kele jaau shakate. dishabhul karnare aalekh anekada khotya jahiratinmadhye vaparale jaatat. dishabhul karananya aalekhabaddal lihinanya pahilya lekhakanpaiki eka, 1954 madheel 'aakadevarishi kase khote bolave' yaa pustakache prakashak darrell huff heey hote.
mahitee drushyikaranache kshetra dishabhul karnare aalekh tayar karane talhanari mahitee sadar karnyachya marganche varnan karate.
dishabhul karananya aalekh paddhati.
dishabhul karnara aalekh tayar karnyache anek marg aahet.
atee vapar.
jethe tyanchi aavashyakta nahee asha aalekhanchya vaparamule anavashyak gondhal/arth lavta yeu shakato. samanyatah, aalekhala jitke adhik spashtikaran aavashyak asate, titka swatah aalekh qamee aavashyak asato. aalekh nehmich sarnyanpeksha changli mahitee dett naheet.
pakshapati labeling.
aalekhatil shirshak, aksh label kinwa shirshakamadhye pakshapati kinwa bharit shabdancha vapar vachkala ayogyaritya agrasthani aanoo shakato.
banavat cull.
tyachpramane, asambandhit mahitidvare cull resha kadhanyacha prayatna vachkala dishabhul karoo shakato qee jithe konatahi cull astitvat nahee assa vishvas aahe. heey vachakachi janivpurvak dishabhul karnyachya prayatnancha parinam asoo shakate kinwa bhramatmak parasparsambandhachya ghatanemule asoo shakate.
paee chart.
paee taktyanchi tulana qaraa.
barchartvaril mahitichi tulana karane samanyatah khoop sope asate. khaleel pratimet, pychartvaril harit kshetrapeksha nile kshetra kuthe mothe aahe heey sangane khoop katheen aahe.
3dii paee chart slies drushtikon.
taktyala 3dii swaroop denyasathi 'pariprekshya' (3dii) paee takta vaparla jaato. anekada saundaryachya karanansathi vaparale jaanare tisare pariman mahitiche vachan sudharat nahee; ulatpakshi, tisya parimanashi sambandhit drushtikonachya vikrut prabhavamule yaa kathanakancha arth lavane katheen aahe. keval paee chartsathi navhe tarr sarvasadharanpane chartsathi, swarasyapoorn deta pradarshit karnyasathi naan vaparlelya anavashyak parimanancha vapar karnyas paravrutt kele jaate. 3dii paee chartmadhye, vachkachya jawalche tukade jyaa konat sadar kele jaatat tyamule teey mageel bhagapeksha mothe disatat. 2dii peksha 3dii vaparat asatana pratyek "tukadyachya" sapeksh parimanacha nyayniwada karnyat haah parinam vachakanna qamee karyaksham banavato 
dishabhul karananya paay chartmadhil itum see kiman itum eitkach motha asalyache disate, tarr pratyakshat too ardhyahun qamee motha aahe. dii vastoo hii buub vastupeksha khoop mothee disate, parantu tee samaan aakarachi asatat.
eka pramukh american sankhyikishastradnya edward tufte yanni namood kele qee "parimanatmak mahitichya drushya pradarshanat" taktyanpeksha sarnyanna pradhanya qaa dile jaau shakateh
anek lahan deta sanchansathi graphiksapeksha saranya adhik changlya asatat. table heey jawaljawal nehmich mook paee chartpeksha changle asate; paee chartpeksha white asaleli ekmev gosht mhanje tyapaiki anek, kaaran tyanantar darshakanna paichya aat aanee darmyanchya avkashiy avyavasthet asalelya pramananchi tulana karnyas sangitale jaate-tyanchi qamee deta-ghanata aanee drushya parimanasah sankhya magavanyat apayash lakshat gheta, paee chart kadhihi vaparu nayet.
ayogya scaling.
baar grafmadhye chitralekhancha vapar eksamanpane keela jaau naye, kaaran yamule aakalandrushtya dishabhul karnari tulana hote. chitralekhanache kshetrafal keval tyachi unchi kinwa rundiaivaji samajavun sangitale jaate. yamule scalingmule farak chauras disato.
ayogyaritya mojalelya chitralekh patti aalekhamadhye, buub sathichi pratima pratyakshat aaa peksha 9 putt mothee aahe.
scaling kartana lakshat aalela aakar vadhato.
jevha chitralekhala 3 parimane asatat, asha paristhitit parinam ghan keela jaato, tevha chitralekhanchya ayogya scalingcha parinam pudhe darshavila jaato.
gharvikricha aalekh (davikade) dishabhul karnara aahe. asey disate qee 2001 madhye gharanchya vikreet mageel varshachya tulanet aath patine vaadh jhaali aahe, tarr pratyakshat tyat duppat vaadh jhaali aahe. yashivay, vikrichi sankhya nirdisht keleli nahee. 
ayogya pramanat mojalela chitralekh dekhil soochit karoo shakato qee vastoo swatach aakarat badalali aahe.
chitre samatulya praman darshavtat asey gruheet dharoon, dishabhul karnara aalekh darshavito qee kelee adhik aahet kaaran kelee sarvat jaast kshetra vyapatat aanee ujavikade sarvat door asatat.
laghuganak scaling.
laghuganak (kinwa logg) scale heey detache pratinidhitva karnyache vaidh sadhan aahe. parantu jevha logg scale mhanoon spashtapane label naan karata vaparale jaate kinwa tyanchyashi aparichit vachkala dakhavale jaate, tevha teey dishabhul karnare asoo shakatat. logg skelane nivadalelya sankhyechya (logcha aadhar) sandarbhat deta moolye eka vishisht shaktivar thewali aahet. paya bahudha eae (2.71828....) kinwa 10. udaharanarth, logg scale detamadhye 10 chya mulyasathi 1 chee unchi aanee detamadhye 1,000,000 (10) chya mulyasathi 6 chee unchi deu shakatat. udaharanarth, jwalamukhi visfotakta nirdeshank, bhukampansathiche richter scale, tanyanchi tivrata aanee amleey aanee alkadharmi dravananche ph yasathi logg scale aanee prakar samanyatah vaparale jaatat. yaa prakarananmadhyehi, logg scale dolhyanna deta qamee spasht karoo shakato. anekada logg scalechya vaparache kaaran mhanje aalekhchya lekhkala ekach akshavar atyant bhinn scale pradarshit karayache asatat. logg skelshivay, 10 viruddha 10 sarkhya pramananchi tulana karane drushyadrushtya avyavharya hote. logg scale asalela aalekh jyala spashtapane asey label kelele navhate, kinwa logg scale asalela aalekh jyala logridmic scale mahit navhate asha darshakala sadar keela gela, tyacha parinam samanyatah asey pratinidhitva hoil jyamule deta moolye samaan aakarachi disatil, kharey tarr, mothya pramanat bhinn parimananchi asateel. logg scalecha gairavapar kelyane khoop bhinn moolye (udaharanarth 10 aanee 10,000) ekatra disu shakatat (bases-10 logg scalever, teey fakt 1 aanee 4 asateel). kinwa laghuganak scale bespeksha lahan sankhyanche pratinidhitva kase karatat hyamule lahan moolye nakaratmak disu shakatat.
logg scalechya gairavaparamule pramananmadhil sambandh resheey disu shakatat, tarr teey sambandh ghatankiy kinwa shaktiche niyam aahet jeey uchch mulyanchya dishene khoop vegane vadhatat. heey mhatale gele aahe, jaree pramukhyane vinodi paddhatine, qee "jaad marker paine asalelya logg-logg plotwar kahihi resheey disate".
donhi aalekh "f" ("x") = 2 "x" chey samaan ghatankiy karya darshavtat. davikadil aalekh eka resheey praman vaparato, joou spashtapane ghatankiy cull darshavito. matra, ujavikadil aalekh laghuganak scale vaparato, jyamule eka saral resha tayar hote. aalekh darshakala yachee mahitee nasel tarr aalekh eka resheey cull darshavitana disel.
sankshipt aalekh.
kapalelya aalekhamadhye (jyala fatalela aalekh asehi mhanatat) 'vaay' aksh asato joou 0 pasoon suru hott nahee. heey aalekh jethe tulanene qamee badal hoto tethe mahattvachya badalachi chhap nirman karoo shakatat.
jaree kapoon takalele aalekh farak jaast kadhanyasathi kinwa jaaga vachavanyasathi vaparale jaau shakatat, taree tyancha vapar anekada nakarla jaato. yaa udaharanapramane, jarr serve moolye sankuchit shreneet asateel tarr ms axel sarkhya vyavsayik softwarecha purvanirdharitapane aalekh kapanyacha cull asel. kalantarane mulyanmadhye sapeksh farak darshavinyasathi, nirdeshank takta vaparla jaau shakato. kapalelya aakruti nehmi antarnihit sankhyanna drushtiskat vikrut kartil. anek abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee jaree lokanna vaay-aksh kapla gelyachi yogya mahitee dilee gelee asali taree tyanni vastavik farkancha jaast andaj lavala, bahutekda lakshaniy.
heey aalekh "samaan mahitee" darshavtat; tathapi, davikadil kapalelya patti aalekhamadhye, mahitee lakshaniy farak darshavinyasathi "disate", tarr, ujavikadil niyamit patti aalekhamadhye, heey farak kvachitach disatat.
vaay'-aksh viram darshavinyache anek marg aaheth
aksh badaltat.
y"-aksh kamal badalalyane aalekh kassa disato yavar parinam hoto. uchch kamal aakrutimule aalekhamadhye qamee asthirata, qamee vaadh aanee qamee kamalpeksha qamee tivra resha disel.
aalekhatil parimananche gunottar badalalyane aalekh kassa disato yavar parinam hoil.
scale nahee.
aalekhatil praman anekada atishayokti karnyasathi kinwa farak qamee karnyasathi vaparale jaatat.
y" akshasathi prarambhik mulyachya abhavamule aalekh kapla gela aahe qee nahee heey spasht hott nahee. yavyatirikt, tick markscha abhav vachkala aalekh pattya yogyaritya mojalya gelya aahet qee nahee heey tharvanyapasun rokhato. skelshivay, pattyanmadhil drushya farak sahajpane hatalala jaau shakato.
jaree tinhi aalekh samaan mahitee samayik karatat aanee mhanunach ("x", "y") mahiticha vastavik utaar samaan aahe, parantu jyaa prakare mahitee rekhatali jaate, tee aalekhavaril reshene kelelya konache drushya swaroop badaloo shakate. yache kaaran asey qee pratyek bhukhandachya ubhya akshavar eka vegala scale asato. scale darshavilele naslyamule, heey aalekh dishabhul karnare asoo shakatat.
ayogya antar kinwa ekak.
aalekhamadhye vaparlele antar aanee ekak badal abhivyakti tayar karnyasathi kinwa qamee karnyasathi hatalale jaau shakatat.
deta vagalane.
vagalalelya mahitisah tayar kelele aalekh nishkarsh kadhanyasathichi mahitee kadhoon taktat.
davya bajula gahal jhalelya shreni asalelya vikhuralelya bhukhandat, qamee bhinnatesah vaadh adhik resheey asalyache disate.
aarthik ahavalanmadhye, sakaratmak drushtikonashi sambandhit nasalela nakaratmak paratava kinwa deta adhik anukool drushya chhap nirman karnyasathi vagalala jaau shakato.
3dii.
mahitee nasalelya anavashyak tisya aayamacha vapar karane jordarpane nirutsahit kele jaate, kaaran teey vachkala gondhalat takoo shakate.
guntagunt.
aalekh heey sankhyikeey mahiticha sopa arth lavnyasathi tayar kele gele aahet. tathapi, atee guntagunti asalele aalekh mahitee aspasht karoo shakatat aanee arth lavane katheen banavoo shakatat.
kharab bandhkam.
kharabaritya tayar kelele aalekh, mahitee olakhane aanee asha prakare arth lavane katheen karoo shakatat.
bahirveshan.
dishabhul karananya kalanche varnan karnyasathi dishabhul karnare aalekh vaparale jaau shakatat.
vikrutee mojane.
aalekh vikrut aahet qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi aanee yaa vikrutiche praman nirdharit karnyasathi anek paddhati vikasit kelya gelya aahet.
khotepanacha ghatak.
kuthe?
uchch khote ghatak (> 1) asalela aalekh too darshavananya mahititil badalala atishayokti deil, tarr eka lahan khote ghatak (> 0, <1) asalela aalekh mahititil badalala aspasht karel. agadi achook aalekh 1 chaa khotepanacha ghatak darshavel.
aalekh visangati nirdeshank.
kuthe?
aalekh visangati nirdeshank, jyala aalekh vikrutee nirdeshank (jee. dii. aay.) asehi mhanatat, too moolatah 1998 madhye paul johnn steinbart yanni prastavit keela hota. jee. dii. aay. chee ganana-<aay. dii. 1> teey sakaratmak anantaparyantchi takkewari mhanoon kelee jaate, jyamadhye shoonya takke heey darshavate qee aalekh yogyaritya tayar keela gela aahe aanee ± 5 takke maryadebaheril kahihi vikrut manale jaate. graphics vikrutiche mojmap mhanoon jee. dii. aay. chaa vapar karnyachya sanshodhanat teey visangat aanee visangat asalyache aadhalun aale aahe, jyamule tulana karnyasathi mojmap mhanoon jee. dii. aay. chaa vapar karane katheen jhaale aahe.
deta-shimpadiche praman.
deta-shaiche praman tulanene jaast asave. anyatha, taktyat anavashyak chitralekhan asoo shakate.
deta ghanata.
detachi ghanata tulanene jaast asali pahije, anyatha deta pradarshit karnyasathi table adhik yogya asoo shakate.
vitt aanee corporate ahavalanmadhye vapar.
aarthik mahiticha saransh aanee arth lavnyasathi aalekh upayukt aahet. aalekh mothya deta sanchatil cull pahanyas anumati detat aanee shivay tadnya nasalelya lokanna detacha arth lavnyas dekhil anumati detat.
aalekh bahutekda corporate varshik ahavalanmadhye chhap vyavasthapanacha eka prakar mhanoon vaparla jaato. united statesmadhye, aalekhanche lekhaparikshan karanyachi garaj nahee, kaaran teey lekhaparikshan kelelya vittiy vivaranansah kagadpatranmadhil kalam 550 itar mahitee antargat yetat.
anek prakashit abhyasanni vegvegalya deshantil vegvegalya mahamandalansathi corporate ahavalanmadhil aalekhancha vapar pahila aahe aanee yaa ahavalanmadhye ayogya rachana, nivad aanee mojamapachya vikruticha varanvar vapar aadhalala aahe. varshik ahavalanmadhye dishabhul karananya aalekhanchya upasthitimule manke nishchit karnyachya vinantya jhalya aahet.
sanshodhanat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee aarthik samaj qamee patalichya vachakanna dishabhul karananya aalekhadvare chukichi mahitee milanyachi shakyata jaast asate, tarr karj adhikadhyansarkhya aarthik samaj asalelyanchihi dishabhul houu shakate.
shaikshanik.
aalekhanchya aakalanacha abhyas bhautikshastra, sandnyanatmak manasshastra aanee sanganakeey drushtikonanmadhye keela jaato.