jangaltod

jangaltodi kinwa vann saaf karane mhanje jaminivarun jungle kinwa zadanchi rang kadhoon takane, jeey nantar vann-virahit vaparat rupantarit kele jaate. jangaltodimadhye vanjameenche shete, shetjameen kinwa shahari vaparat rupantar karane samavisht asoo shakate. ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavanat sarvat jaast vananashan hote. pruthvichya prushthbhagacha sumare 31 takke bhag sadhya jangalanni vyapalela aahe. shetichya vistarapoorvichya vankshetrapeksha heey eka trutiyansh qamee aahe, tyateel ardhe nuksan gelya shatkat jhaale aahe. bangladeshaitkech mothe kshetra asalele 1 kotee 50 laakh teey 1 kotee 80 laakh hector jungle darvarshi nasht hote. darr minitala sarasari 2400 zaade kapali jaatat.
sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatnene jangaltodichi vyakhya, jangalanche itar jaminichya vaparat rupantar karane (teey manav-prerit asale taree) ashee kelee aahe. "jangaltod" aanee "vankshetratil nivval badal" heey samaan naheeh nantarche mhanje dilelya kalavadhit jhalelya serve vann hanichi (jangaltod) aanee serve vann labhanchi (vann vistar) berries aahe. tyamule nivval badal haah napha tota olandato qee nahee yavar avalambun sakaratmak kinwa nakaratmak asoo shakato kinwa ulatahi asoo shakato.
purese punarvanikaran naan karata zaade hatavalyamule adhivasache nuksan, jaivavividhata nasht aanee koradepana jhaala aahe. jangaltodimule namshesh hone, havamanatil badal, valvantikaran aanee loksankhyeche visthapan, sadhyachya paristhitinusar aanee bhootkalat jivashma nondindware disun aale aahe. jangaltodimule vatavaranatil carbon dioxideche jaivavichhedan dekhil qamee hote, jyamule nakaratmak pratisad chakr vadhoon jaagtik tapmanvadhila hatbhar lagato. jaagtik tapmanvadhimule krishi vaparasathi jangale saaf karoon aanee shetiyogya jameen adhik samanyatah qamee karoon annasuraksha shodhat asalelya samudayanvar dabav vadhato. jangaltodi jhalelya pradeshanvar samanyatah matichi pratikool dhoop aanee osad jamineet honare avmoolyan yasarkhe itar paryavaraniy parinam disun yetat.
manvi ann pranalichi lavchikta aanee bhavishyatil badalanshi julavun ghenyachi tyanchi kshamata jaivavividhateshi jodaleli aahe-jyat valvantikaranacha samna karnyas madat karnari koradi jameen-anukool zudape aanee vruksh prajati, jungle-nivasi keetak, vatvaghale aanee pakshi prajati, matichi dhoop dhoop parvatiy parisansthanmadhye vyapak mule asaleli zaade aanee kinarpattichya bhagat puraviruddha lavchikta pradan kaam kharfutichya prajatincha samavesh aahe. hawaman badalamule ann pranalila dhoka vadhalyane, carbon tabyat ghenyat aanee sathavanyat aanee hawaman badal qamee karnyat vananchi bhoomika krishi kshetrasathi mahattvachi aahe.
alikadil itihas (1970 nantar).
eff. aii. oo. chaa andaj aahe qee 1990 teey 2020 darmyan jaagtik vann carbon satha 0.9% qamee jhaala aahe aanee vruksh aachchadan 4.2% jhaale aahe. europemadhil vann carbon satha (russiasah) 1990 aanee 2020 darmyan 158.7 varoon 172.4 jitiparyant vadhala aahe. uttar americet, tyach kalavadhit vann carbon satha 136.6 varoon 140 gramparyant vadhala aahe. tathapi, carboncha satha aafriket 94.3 teey 80.9 gramm, dakshin aanee aagney ashiyamadhye 45.8 teey 41.5 gramm, oshaniyamadhye 33.4 teey 33.1 gramm, madhya americet 5 teey 41 gramm aanee dakshin americet americet teey 144.8 gramparyant qamee jhaala. aay. pii. see. see. (hawaman badalavaril aantarsarkari panel) mhanate qee jaagtik jungle qamee hott aahe qee nahee yabaddal matbhed aahet aanee 1982 teey 2016 darmyan vruksh aachchadan 7.1 takkyanni vadhale aahe asey darshavinare sanshodhan uddhrut karate. aay. pii. see. see. asehi lihitatah "jaree ushnakatibandhiy pradeshat jaminivaril jaivbhar carboncha satha qamee hott asalyacha andaj aahe, tarr samshitoshna aanee boriyal jangalatil vadhatya sathyamule teey jaagtik staravar vadhat aahet.
krishi vistar haah jangaltodi aanee vann vikhandan aanee sambandhit vann jaivavividhatechya hanicha mukhya chalak aahe. 2000 teey 2010 darmyan ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodimadhye 40 takke bhag mothya pramanavar vyavsayik shetisathi (pramukhyane gurapalan aanee soyabean aanee paam telachi lagwad) aanee aanakhi 33 takke bhag sthanik udarnirvah shetisathi hota. bandhkam sahitya, lakud mhanoon vaparnyasathi zaade kapali jaatat kinwa indhan mhanoon vikali jaatat (kadhikadhi kolasa kinwa lakadachya swarupat), tarr saaf keleli jameen pashudhan aanee krishi pikansathi kuran mhanoon vaparali jaate. jangaltodimule utpadan bahutansh krishi upkramanna sarkari curr mahasuladvare anudan dile jaate. nirdharit mulyakade durlaksh karane, shithil vann vyavasthapan aanee paryavaraniy kayadyanchi kamatarata heey kahee ghatak aahet jeey mothya pramanat jangaltodis karanibhoot tharatat. anek deshanmadhye jangaltodi-naisargikaritya honari aanee manav-prerit-hii eka satatchi samasya aahe. 2000 teey 2012 yaa kalat jagbharatil jangale kapali gelee. jangaltod aanee jangalatil jaminichi heey dhokadayak darane hott aahet, jyamule jaivavividhatechya satat utpadan nukasanat lakshaniy yogdan milate.
udayonmukh arthvyavasthanmadhil ushnakatibandhiy aanee uposhnakatibandhiy jangalanmadhye jangaltodi adhik tivra aahe. jagatil serve vanaspati aanee jaminivaril pranyanchya prajatinpaiki nimmyahoon adhik prajati ushnakatibandhiy jangalanmadhye rahatat. jangaltodicha parinam mhanoon, purvi pruthvila jhakalelya ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavanatil mool fakt urale aahe. football khelpattichya aakarache kshetra darr minitala amazon parjanyavanatun saaf kele jaate, aanee ekoon pashu shetisathi parjanyavnasah. 2018 madhye 36 laakh hectorhoon adhik ushnakatibandhiy jungle nasht jhaale. gomansacha vapar aanee utpadan heey amazonmadhil jangaltodiche prathamik kaaran aahe, serve rupantarit jaminipaiki sumare 80 takke jameen guredhore palanyasathi vaparali jaate. 1970 pasoon amazonchya jangaltodi jhalelya 91 takke jaminiche pashudhanamadhye rupantar karnyat aale aahe. jagbharat vrukshanche varshik nivval nuksan andaje 10 abj asalyacha andaj aahe. jaagtik vann sansadhan moolyankan 2020 nusar, 2015-2020 ardh-dashakat jaagtik sarasari varshik jangaltodichi jameen 1 kotee hector hotee aanee 2000-2010 dashakat sarasari varshik vann kshetrache nivval nuksan 4 kotee 70 laakh hector hote. 1990 pasoon jagane 178 dashalaksh hector jungle gamavale aahe, jeey libiachya aakarache kshetra aahe.
vaidnyanik ahwal' madhye prakashit jhalelya 2020 chya abhyasanusar, jarr jangaltodi sadhyachya darane suru rahili tarr tee pudhil 20 teey 40 varshant manavjatichya ekoon kinwa jawaljawal sampoorn namshesh honyas karanibhoot tharoo shakate. teey assa nishkarsh kadhatat qee "sankhyikeey drushtikonatun. . . sarvat aashavadi paristhitit aapali sanskruti tikoon rahanyachi shakyata 10 takkyanhun qamee aahe."heey patan talhanyasathi, manavatene arthvyavastheche varchasva asalelya sanskratitun" sanskrutik samaj "kadey valale pahije, joou" parisansthechya hitala tyachya ghatakanchya vaiyaktik hitapeksha adhik visheshadhikar deto, parantu shevati ekoon jaatiy hitsambandhannusar "."
2014 madhye, sumare 40 deshanni newyorkchya jangalvishayak jahiranamyavar tyavar kelya, 2020 paryant jangaltodi ardhi karoon 2030 paryant tee sampavanyachi aichchhik pratidnya. haah karar kayadeshirdrushtya bandhankarak navhata, tathapi, aanee brazil, chean aanee russia sarkhya kahee pramukh deshanni tyavar tyavar kelya naheet. parinami, prayatna ayashasvi jhaale aanee 2014 teey 2020 yaa kalavadhit jangaltodi vadhali. november 2021 madhye, 141 deshanni (jagatil prathamik ushnakatibandhiy jangalanpaiki sumare 85 takke aanee jaagtik vruksh aachchadan asalelya 90 takke) glassgo yetheel yetheel hawaman shikhar parishadet, 2030 paryant jangaltodi sampavanyachi aanee ulat karanyachi pratidnya asalelya glassgo netyanchya vananchya aanee jaminichya vaparavaril ghoshanevar sahmati darshavali. kararasah sumare 19.2 abj dollarschya sambandhit nidhichya vachanbaddhatesah. 2021 chya glassgo kararat aataparyant newyorkchya ghoshanevar sudharana jhaali aahe, jyat brazil aanee 2014 chya kararavar swakshari naan kelelya itar anek deshancha samavesh aahe. jangaltodiche uchch praman asalelya kahee pramukh deshanni (maleshiya, kambodiya, laos, paraguay aanee myanmarsah) glassgo ghoshanevar swakshari keleli nahee. aadhichya kararapramanech, glassgo netyanchi ghoshana hawaman badalavaril yuen framework convention baher karnyat aalee hotee aanee tyamule tee kayadeshiraritya bandhankarak nahee. november 2021 madhye, european unionchya karyakari karyakari eka masuda kayada tayar keela jyamadhye companyanna heey siddha karane aavashyak hote qee european unionchya 450 dashalaksh grahakansathi nirdharit kelelya gomans, lakud, paam teel, soya, coffey aanee kokaaa yaa krishi vastooncha jangaltodishi sambandh navhata. september 2022 madhye, european sansadene european unionchya karyakari mandalakadun 453 viruddha 57 matansah yojanela pathimba deela aanee majboot kele.
karane.
hawaman badalavaril sanyukt rashtranchya aarakhada kararanusar (yuu. eff. see. see. see.) sachivalayanusar, jangaltodiche thet kaaran shetee aahe. 48 takke jangaltodisathi nirvah shetee jababdar aahe; 32 takke jangaltodisathi vyavsayik shetee jababdar aahe; 14 takke lakud todani jababdar aahe aanee 5 takke indhan lakud kadhoon takane jababdar aahe.
jaagtik jangaltodimadhye audhyogik lakudtod haah mahattvacha vaataa aahe qee nahee yavar tadnya sahmat naheet. kahijan assa yuktivad karatat qee garib lock jungle saaf karanyachi adhik shakyata balgatat kaaran tyanchyakade paryay naheet, tarr itarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee garib lock jungle saaf karnyasathi aavashyak sahitya aanee shramansathi paise denyachi kshamata balgat naheet. 
samkalin jangaltodichya itar karananmadhye sarkari sansthancha bhrashtachar, sampatti aanee satteche asman vitaran, loksankhyechi vaadh aanee atirikt loksankhya aanee shaharikaran yancha samavesh asoo shakato. loksankhyechya vadhicha jangaltodivar honara parinam vadgrast aahe. eka abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee uchch prajnan daramule loksankhyetil vaadh heey keval 8 takke prakarananmadhye ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodiche prathamik chalak hote. 2000 saalee sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatanela (eff. aii. oo.) asey aadhalale qee "sthanik vatavaranatil loksankhyechya gatishilatechi bhoomika nirnayak teey nagany asoo shakate" aanee "loksankhyecha dabav aanee sthir aarthik, samajik aanee tantrik paristhiti" yanchya sanyogamule jangaltodi houu shakate.
jaree jagatikikaranachya parinamanmule (shram, bhandwal, vastoo aanee kalpanancha naveen pravah) sthanik vann punarpraptila chalana midali asali taree, jagatikikaranakade anekada jangaltodiche aanakhi eka mool kaaran mhanoon pahile jaate.
jangaltodiche aanakhi eka kaaran mhanje hawaman badal. jangalatil aagimule 23 takke vruksh aachchadan nasht hote aanee hawaman badalamule tyanchi varanvarta aanee shakti vadhate. vadhatya tapmanamule visheshtah boriyal jangalanmadhye mothya pramanat janglala aag lagate. vann sanrachanetil badal haah eka sambhavya parinam aahe.jangaltodimule jangale, lakud todane yasarkhya yantranandvare, adhik aagichi shakyata nirman houu shakate.
vann parisansthecha jaminichi aarthik protsahananmadhun dekhil disun aala aahe jyamule vann sanvardhanapeksha vann rupantaran adhik fayadeshir disate. anek mahattvachya vann karyanna bajarpeth nasate aanee mhanunach, jangalanche malak kinwa tyanchya kalyanasathi jangalanvar avalambun asalelya samudayanna sahajpane spasht honare konatehi aarthik moolya nasate. vikasansheel jagachya drushtikonatun, carbon sink kinwa jaivavividhata sathyansarkhya vananche fayade pramukhyane shrimant vikasit rashtranna midatat aanee yaa sevansathi apuri bharpai aahe. vikasansheel deshanna asey vatate qee vikasit jagatil kahee deshanni, jase qee united states auph americene, shatakanpurvi tyanchi jangale kapali aanee yaa jangaltodicha aarthik fayda ghetala aanee vikasansheel deshanna samaan sandhee nakarane haah dhongipana aahe, mhanje.eae. jevha shrimantanni samasya nirman kelee tevha garibanna sanrakshanacha kharch uchalava laganar nahee.
kahee bhashyakaranni gelya 30 varshant jangaltodichya karkanmadhye jhalelya badalachi nond kelee aahe. jaree vanikaran pramukhyane udarnirvah upkram aanee indoneshiya aanee lattin america, bharat, jaava aanee itar deshanmadhil sthalantar aanee vasahatikaran yasarkhya sarkari prayojit vikas prakalpanmule chalavale jaat hote, tarr 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20 vya shatkachya purvardhat, 1990 chya dashkaparyant bahutansh jangaltodi hii nishkarshan udyog, mothya pramanat pashusamvardhan aanee vyapak shetee yasah audhyogik ghatakanmule jhaali hotee. 2001 pasoon, shashvat asanyachi adhik shakyata asalelya vastoo-chalit jangaltodimule, serve vann ashantatepaiki sumare eka chaturthansh nuksan jhaale aahe aanee heey nuksan dakshin america aanee aagney ashiyamadhye kendrit aahe.
vistarte shatkachya suruvatila, khanije vadhalelya maganimule, jangaltodiche kaaran mhanoon khaninche mahatva zapatyane vadhale. khankamamule honara thet parinam tulanene qamee aahe, parantu apratyaksh parinam barech jaast lakshaniy aahet. pruthvivaril eka trutiyanshpeksha jaast jangalanvar kahee pramanat aanee 2001-2021 varshanmadhye, 755,861 chauras kiimii. varr parinam honyachi shakyata aahe.. ...itar jangaltodi chalkansah (doubleu. doubleu. eff. chya aakadevarivar aadharit) khankamanshi apratyakshapane sambandhit karananmule jangaltodi jhaali hotee."
paryavaraniy parinam.
vatavaraniy.
jangaltodi suru aahe aanee hawaman aanee bhoogolala aakar dett aahe.
jangaltodi heey jaagtik tapmanvadhiche kaaran aahe aanee haritgruh prabhav vadhanyache eka pramukh kaaran mhanoon anekada uddhrut kele jaate. alikadil gananevarun asey soochit hote qee jangaltod aanee jangalatil parisansthanchya honare carbon dioxide utsarjan (pietland utsarjan vagalata) ekoon manavjanya carbon dioxide utsarjanat sumare 12 takke yogdan dete, jyachi vyapti 6 teey 17 takke aahe. 2022 chya abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee gelya done dashkant ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodimule honare varshik carbon utsarjan duppat jhaale aahe aanee tyat vaadh hott aahe. aahe madhye 0.97 ± 0.16 pii. jee. see. teey teey madhye 1.99 ± 0.13 pii. jee. see.) <ref naav = "10.1038/s41893-022-00854-3"> </ref>
eka punravlokananusar, 50°N chya uttarela mothya pramanat utpadan jangaltodimule ekoon jaagtik sheetalata yete, tarr ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodimule keval-prabhavanmule navhe tarr itar jaivbhautikiy yantranemule (carbon-kendrit metricks apure karane) dekhil lakshaniy tapmanwadh hote. shivay, teey asey suchavate qee ubhi ushnakatibandhiy jangale sarasari jaagtik tapman 1 ansh seey. peksha jaast thund karnyas madat karatat.<sandarbh naav = "10.3389/ffgc.2022.756115/full"> </sandarbh>
eka abhyasanusar asey suchavale gele aahe qee, matitil sendriya padarth aanee mrut lakadamule mothya pramanat carbonche nuksan jhalyamule, jaree teey barey hott asale tarihi, kiman eka dashkasathi, sathavaleli aanee sanrachanatmakdrushtya avmoolyan jhaleli ushnakatibandhiy jangale heey carbonche srot aahet, jeey ushnakatibandhiy vann carbon sink (kiman dakshin ashiyamadhye) purvichya andajapeksha khoopach lahan asoo shakate asey soochit karate, aanee hyachya viruddha, 'sathavaleli aanee kharab jhaleli ushnakatibandhiy jangale mhanje nivval carbon sink' aahet.
yantrana.
jangaltodimule carbon dioxide vatavaranat tikoon rahato. carbon dioxide jamaa hott asatana, too vatavaranat eka thurr tayar karato joou suryachya kiranotsargala adakavato. kiranotsargache ushnatemadhye rupantar hote jyamule jaagtik tapmanwadh hote, jyala haritgruh parinam mhanoon adhik changle olakhale jaate. prakashsanshleshanachya prakriyedarmyan vanaspati vatavaranatun carbon dioxidechya swarupat carbon kadhoon taktat, parantu samanya shvasochavasadarmyan kahee carbon dioxide punha vatavaranat sodatat. jevha zaad kinwa jungle sakriyapane vadhate tevhach teey vanaspatinchya uutinmadhye sathavun carbon kadhoon takoo shakate. lakud kidane aanee jalane yaa donhimule sathavalela bahutek carbon punha vatavaranat sodato. carbon pruthakkaranasathi samanyatah lakud sathavane aavashyak asale taree, kahee jangalanmadhye zadanchya mulanna vedhanare sahajeevi burshinche jaale lakshaniy pramanat carbon sathavu shakate, jaree tyala puravatha karnara vruksh melah aanee kshay jhaala, kinwa kapani kelee gelee aanee jaloon khaq jhaala tarihi too jaminikhali sathavu shakato. jangalanni carbonche pruthakkaran karnyacha aanakhi eka marg mhanje lakadachi kapani karane aanee tyanchi jaaga naveen tarun zaade gheuun dirghkal dirghkal utpadananmadhye rupantarit karane. jangaltodimule matimadhye thevalelya carbonchya sathyanna dekhil sodale jaau shakate. paryavaraniy paristhitinusar jangale ektar budaleli kinwa srot asoo shakatat. paripakv jangale nivval budnari aanee carbon dioxideche nivval srot yaa donhimadhye badal karatat (carbon dioxide budane aanee carbon chakr pahaa).
jangaltodi jhalelya bhagat, jameen vegane garam hote aanee uchch tapmanaparyant pohochate, jyamule sthanik varchya halchali hotat jyamule dhaganchi nirmiti vadhate aanee shevati adhik paus padato. tathapi, bhubhautikiy drav gatishilata prayogshalenusar, ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodis durvarchya pratisadanchi tapasani karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya namunyanmadhye sampoorn ushnakatibandhiy vatavaranat tapmanat vyapak parantu saumya vaadh disun aalee. modelane 700 embi aanee 500 embi varr varchya havesathi 0.7°seey. peksha qamee tapman vadhanyacha andaj vartavala. tathapi, yaa pratikrutimadhye ushnakatibandhiy kshetravyatirikt itar bhagat konatehi lakshaniy badal disun yet naheet. jaree yaa pratimane ushnakatibandhiy kshetravyatirikt itar bhagat havamanat konatehi lakshaniy badal dakhavale nasale taree, asey houu shakat nahee kaaran pratimanat sambhavya truti aahet aanee parinam kadhihi purnapane nishchit nasatat. jangaltodicha panyache pravahavar parinam hoto,
jalvashp pravahit hote aanee saur urjeche shoshan hote, tyamule sthanik aanee jaagtik havamanavar spashtapane parinam hoto. 
laal.
vikasansheel deshanmadhye jangaltodi aanee vanksharan (laal) pasoon honare utsarjan qamee karane hii sadhya suru asalelya hawaman dhorananna purak bananyachi eka naveen kshamata mhanoon udayas aalee aahe. vananashan aanee vankshayikaranamule honare haritgruh vayoo (jee. etch. jee.) utsarjan qamee karnyasathi aarthik bharpai pradan karane hii yaa kalpanechi sankalpana aahe. redkade utsarjan vyapar pranalila paryay mhanoon pahile jaau shakate kaaran nantarchya kalat, pradushakanchya vishisht pradushakanchya utsarjanachya adhikarasathi parvanyansathi paise dyave lagatat (mhanje.eae. ).
auxigen puravatha haah gairsamaj.
jaree aata shastradnyanni heey manya kele aahe qee, varshavananche vatavarnamadhye nivval oxygenche praman qamee aahe aanee jangaltodicha vatavaranatil oxygenchya patalivar keval kirkol parinam hoto, taree samanya lock asey manatat qee varshavananche yogdan jagatil oxygenchya lakshaniy pramanat aahe.kharey tarr pruthvivaril sumare 50 takke pranavayu shaivaladvare tayar hoto. tathapi, jameen saaf karnyasathi vann vanaspatinche jaalun takane aanee jaalane yamule mothya pramanat karbanaday auxide sodale jaate, jeey jaagtik tapmanvadhila hatbhar lavte. shastradnya asehi sangatat qee ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodimule darvarshi 1.5 abj tunn carbon vatavaranat sodato.
jalshastriy.
jangaltodicha parinam jalchakravarhi hoto. zaade tyanchya mulanmadhun bhujal kadhatat aanee teey vatavaranat sodatat. jevha jangalatil kahee bhag kadhoon takala jaato, tevha zaade aata heey paanee vahoon nett naheet, parinami hawaman adhik korade hote. jangaltodimule maatee aanee bhoojalatil panyache praman tasech vatavaranatil aadrata qamee hote. koradi maatee zadanna baher kadhanyasathi qamee paanee ghete. jangaltodimule matiche ekatmata qamee hote, jyamule dhoop, puur aanee bhuskhalan hote.
vankshetrache aakunchan jhalyamule bhupradeshachi parjanyaman rokhanyachi, tikavoon thevanyachi aanee hastantarit karanyachi kshamata qamee hote. tyanantar bhujal pranalimadhye pranalimadhye parjanyamanala adakavanyaivaji, jangaltod jhaleli kshetre prushthbhagavaril panyachya pravahache srot banatat, jee prushthbhagakhalil pravahachya tulanet khoop vegane pudhe sarakate. parjanyaman mhanoon padnare bahutansh paanee jangale vashpotsarjanadvare vatavaranat parat karatat. yaulat, jevha ekhadya kshetrachi jangaltod kelee jaate, tevha jawaljawal serve parjanyaman osroon jaate. prushthbhagavaril panyachi jalad vahtook, jungle aachchhadanapeksha achanak puur aanee adhik sthanik puranmadhye rupantarit houu shakate. jangaltodimule bashpibhavan qamee honyasahi hatbhar lagato, jyamule vatavaranatil aadrata qamee hote, jyamule kahee prakarananmadhye jangaltodi jhalelya bhagatoon bhagatoon pavasachya patalivar parinam hoto, kaaran panyache panyache khalchya bhagat punarvapar kele jaat nahee, parantu teey teey jangalat nasht hote aanee thet mahasagarat parat yete. eka abhyasanusar, jangaltodi jhalelya uttar aanee vayavya chinmadhye, 1950 aanee 1980 chya dashakat sarasari varshik parjanyaman eka trutiyanshane qamee jhaale.
zaade aanee sarvasadharanpane vanaspati, jalchakravar lakshaniy parinam karatatah
parinami, zadanchi upasthiti kinwa anupasthiti prushthbhagavaril, matitil kinwa bhoojalatil kinwa vatavaranatil panyache praman badaloo shakate. yamule dhoop honyache praman aanee ektar parisansthechi karye kinwa manvi sevansathi panyachi upalabdhata badalate. sakhal maidani bhagatil jangaltod dhaganchi nirmiti aanee paus unchavar gheuun jaate.
mothya parjanyamananchya ghatananmadhye jangalancha puravar farsa parinam houu shakat nahee, jyamule maatee santruptatechya jawal kinwa jawal asalyas jangalatil matichi sathavan kshamata qamee hote.
ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavan aaplya grahavareel sumare 30 takke godya panyache utpadan karatat.
jangaltodimule samanya havamanachya namunyanmadhye vyatyay yeto jyamule ushna aanee korade hawaman nirman hote, tyamule dushkal, valvantikaran, peak nikami hone, dhruviy barfache aachchadan vitalane, kinarpattivaril puur aanee pramukh vanaspati vyavasthanche visthapan vadhate.
maatee.
prushthbhagavaril vanaspatinchya vanaspatinchya, jyaa jangalanmadhye konatihi adchan nahee, tithe dhoop honyache praman qamee asate. jangaltodimule dhoop honyacha darr hoto, kaaran tyamule tyamule aachchhadanache praman qamee hote, jyamule prushthbhagavaril pravahapasun sanrakshn milate. dhoop honyacha darr sumare 2 metrik tunn prati chauras kilometer aahe. atijalad ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavan mateet yacha fayda houu shakato. vanasamvardhan karye swatach (vann) rastyancha vikas aanee yantrikrut upkarananchya vaparadvare dhoop vadhavtat.
anek varshanpurvi chinchya loes patharavaril jangaltodimule matichi dhoop jhaali aahe; yaa dhupamule panyachya ughadalya aahet. oghamadhye matichya vadhimule pivalya nadila puur yeto aanee tee pivalya rangachi hote.
amerikechya nairutya bhagat disun aalelya pramane, jaast dhoop hone haah nehmich jangaltodicha parinam nasato. yaa bhagat, zaade aanee itar zudupanchya upasthitimule gavat nasht jhalyamule zaade hatavanyapeksha jaast dhoop hote.
matila vrukshanchya upasthitimule balkati milate, jee tyanchi mule matichya payathyashi jodoon maatee surakshit karatat. jangaltodimule, zaade hatavalyamule utaravaril jameen bhuskhalanashi adhik sanvedanshil hote.
jaivavividhata.
manvi staravar jangaltodimule jaivavividhatet ghat hote aanee naisargik jaagtik staravar anek prajati namshesh honyas karanibhoot asalyache dnyat aahe. vankshetrachi kshetre kadhoon takane kinwa nasht karane yamule jaivavividhata qamee houn vatavaran kharab jhaale aahe. jangale jaivavividhatela aadhar detat, vanyajeevanna adhivas pradan karatat; shivay, jangale aushadhi sanvardhanas chalana detat. vann jaivavibhajak heey naveen aushadhancha (jase qee texol) aparivartaniy srot asalyane, jangaltod aanuvanshik badal (jase qee peak pratikar) aparivartaniyapane nasht karoo shakate.
ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavan hii pruthvivaril sarvat vaividhyapurn parisanstha asalyane aanee jagatil dnyat jaivavividhatepaiki sumare 80 takke ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavananmadhye aadhalu shakatat, tyamule vann aachchadanachya mahattvapoorn bhaganna kadhoon takane kinwa nasht karane yamule jaivavividhata qamee jhalyane vatavaran kharab jhaale aahe. raste bandhani aanee lagatchya jaminicha vikas, jyamule akhand valvantache kshetra mothya pramanat qamee hote aanee matichi dhoop hote, haah ushnakatibandhiy pradeshanmadhil jaivavividhatechya nukasanasathi eka pramukh yogdan denara ghatak aahe. brazilmadhil rondonia yetheel eka abhyasat asey disun aale aahe qee, vananchi nasadhus hii poshak tattvanche punarvapar, swachchh panyache utpadan aanee pradushakanche nishkasana yaat guntalelya sukshmajiv samudayalahi door karate.
assa andaj vartavala gela aahe qee varshavananchya jangaltodimule darroj 137 vanaspati, prani aanee keetak prajati namshesh hotat, jyaa varshala 50,000 prajatinchya barobarichya aahet. itaranche mhanane aahe qee ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavanatil jangaltod chaloo asalelya holocene maas vilupta honyat yogdan dett aahe. jangaltodiche dnyat vilupta honyache praman khoop qamee aahe, sastan prani aanee pakshyanpasun darvarshi andaje eka prajati, jee serve prajatinsathi darvarshi andaje 23,000 prajatinparyant vistarte. vistarte shatkat aagney aashiyatil 40 takkyanhun adhik prani aanee vanaspatinchya prajati nasht houu shakatat assa andaj vartavanyat aala aahe. 1995 chya aakadevarinusar asha andajanvar prashnachinh upasthit kele gele hote, jeey darshavtat qee aagney aashiyatil bahutek mool jangalanna eka-vishisht vruksharopanamadhye rupantarit kele gele aahe, parantu sambhavya luptapray prajati qamee aahet aanee vruksh vanaspati vyapak aanee sthir aahet.
jaivavividhtevar utpadan jangaltodichya parinamambaddal achook andaj lavnyasathi namshesh honyachya prakriyechi vaidnyanik samaj apuri aahe. vanikaran sambandhit jaivavividhatechya haniche bahutek andaj prajati-kshetrachya namunyanvar aadharit aahet, jyat eka antarnihit dharana aahe qee jungle qamee hott asatana prajatinchi vividhata tyach prakare qamee hoil. tathapi, ashee anek pratikruti chukichi asalyache siddha jhaale aahe aanee adhivas gamavalyane mothya pramanat prajati nasht hotat asey nahee. prajatinche kshetra model heey vastavik jangaltodi suru asalelya bhagat dhokyat asalelya prajatinchya sankhyecha atiaadharit andaj lavnyasathi olakhale jaatat aanee mothya pramanat pasarlelya dhokyat asalelya prajatinchya sankhyecha atishayapekshahi jaast andaj lavtat.
2012 madhye, brazilian amazonchya abhyasat assa andaj vartavanyat aala aahe qee aataparyant vilupta honyacha abhav asoonahi, andajit vilupta honyanpaiki 90 takkyanparyant shevati pudhil 40 varshant hotil.
aarogyavar honare parinam.
sarvajanik aarogyacha sandarbh.
jangalanchi jaminichi aanee haanee nisargachya samatolat vyatyay aanate. kharey tarr, jangaltodimule vanaspati aanee pranyanchya mothya sankhyene prajati nasht hotat, jyamule anekada rog vadhatat aanee lokanna pranijanya rogancha samna karava lagato. jangaltodimule sthanik nasalelya prajatinchya bharbharatisathi eka marg dekhil tayar houu shakato, jase qee vishisht prakarche gogalgay, jyancha sambandh systosomiasischya prakarananmadhye vaadh honyashi aahe.
jungle-sambandhit roganmadhye maleria, chagas rog (american trypanosomiasis mhanoon dekhil olakhala jaato), african trypanosomiasis (zopanyacha aajaar), leshmaniasis, lime rog, etch. aay. vhee. aanee ibola yancha samavesh hoto. sadhyachya covid-19 mahamarila karanibhoot tharalelya sars-cove 2 vishanusah manavanvar parinam karnare bahutansh naveen sansargjanya rog heey pranijanya aahet aanee tyancha uday vankshetratil badal aanee vankshetranmadhye manvi loksankhyechya vistaramule adhivas nasht honyashi jodalela asoo shakato, jyamule donhi vanyajeevanshi manvi sampark vadhatat.
jagbharat jangaltodi hott aahe aanee rogachya udrekat vaadh hott aahe. malaysiamadhye dukaranchya shetansathi hajaro ekar jungle saaf karnyat aale aahe. yamule nipah vishanuchya zunosismadhye vaadh jhaali aahe. keniyamadhye, jangaltodimule maleriyachya prakarananmadhye vaadh jhaali aahe, jeey aata deshatil rugnata aanee mrutyuche pramukh kaaran aahe. american economic review' madheel 2017 chya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee jangaltodimule nigeriamadhye maleriyachya ghatananmadhye lakshaniy vaadh jhaali aahe.
rogavahu aashraydatyanche sthalantar aanee prasar haah aanakhi eka marg aahe jyadvare jangaltodicha rogavar parinam hoto. yaa rogachya udrek margala 'shreni vistar' mhatale jaau shakate, jyadvare yajmananchi shreni (aanee tyadvare rogjanakanchi shreni) naveen bhaugolik kshetranmadhye vistarte. jangaltodimule, aashraydatya aanee jalashayanchya prajatinna shejarchya adhivasanmadhye jaanyas bhag padale jaate. jalashay prajatinsobat rogjanke asatat, jyat purvi naan ughad jhalelya pradeshanmadhye naveen yazman shodhanyachi kshamata asate. heey rogjanke aanee prajati manavanchya jawalil samparkat aalyane tyanna pratyaksh aanee apratyakshapane sansarg hoto.
1998 saalee malaysiamadhye nipah vishanucha udrek heey shreni vistarache eka vinashkari udaharan aahe. anek varshe, jangaltod, dushkal aanee tyanantarchya aagimule nipah vishanucha jalashay asalelya falanchya vatvaghalanchi bhaugolik aanee ghanata natakiyaritya badalali. jangaltodimule vatvaghalanchya adhivasatil upalabdh phal denari zaade qamee jhaali aanee tyanni aajubajuchya falbaganvar atikraman kele, jeey mothya sankhyene dukaranche thikan dekhil hote. vatvaghale, jawalun dukaranmadhye nipah pasaravatat. yaa vishanoone dukaranna sansarg keela, tarr mrutyudar manavanchya tulanet khoopach qamee hota, jyamule dukaranna vishanuche vishanu manavanmadhye sankramit honyas karanibhoot tharatat. yamule mendujwarachi 265 prakarane nondavali gelee, jyapaiki 105 mrutyumukhi padali. heey udaharan jangaltodicha manvi aarogyavar kaay parinam houu shakato yacha eka mahattvacha dhada dete.
jangaltodi aanee itar manavvanshjanya adhivas prabhavanmule shreni vistarnyachya aanakhi eka udaharanamadhye paraguaymadheel capibra undirancha samavesh aahe. haah undeer anek pranijanya roganche yazman aahe aanee naveen pradeshanmadhye yaa undiranchya halchalinmule adyap manavjanya udrek jhalela nasla taree, jangaltodidware adhivasacha naash aanee tyanantarchya halchalindware prajatincha niyamitpane kassa hott aahe yache heey eka udaharan dete.
aata eka suvikasit aanee vyapakpane swikarla gelela siddhant assa aahe qee chimpanzipasun etch. aay. vhee. chee galatee kiman anshatah jangaltodimule jhaali hotee. vadhatya loksankhyemule annadhanyachi magani nirman jhaali aanee jangaltodimule jangalanche naveen bhag ughadale, shikari mothya pramanat narvanshayukt zadachya mansachi kapani karatat, jeey etch. aay. vhee. chey mool asalyache manale jaate.
indoneshiyatil sanshodhanat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee, ushnakatibandhiy aanee naisargikaritya vankshetranaivaji ushnakatibandhiy aanee jangaltodimadhye kaam kaam bahereel kamgaranna sandnyanatmak aanee smaranshaktitil vikrutee anubhavayala lagalya jyaa pramukhyane uchch ushnatechya samparkat aalyane udbhavalya aahet, jyapasoon zadanni tyanche sanrakshn kele asate. jangaltodimule ushnakatibandhiy pradeshatil lakho lokanche, visheshtah gharabaher avjad shram shram surakshit kamache taas qamee hotat. satat jaagtik tapmanwadh aanee jangalatil nuksan yamule heey parinam vadhanyachi apeksha aahe, jyamule asurakshit gatansathi kamache taas aanakhi qamee hotil.
sarvasadharan aadhava.
jaagtik aarthik manchachya matey, udayonmukh roganpaiki 31 takke rog heey jangaltodishi sambandhit aahet.
us center phaur disease controll andd prevention (cdc) chya matey, manavanmadhye udayonmukh roganpaiki 75 takke rog pranyanpasun aale aahet. udrekanchi vadhati sankhya bahudha adhivas aanee jaivavividhatechya hanishi sambandhit aahe. pratisad mhanoon, shastradnyanni grahanche aarogya hii eka naveen shakha tayar kelee, jee asey manate qee parisansthanche aarogya aanee manavanche aarogya ekmekanshi jodalele aahet. 2015 madhye, rockfeller foundation aanee 'daad lancet' neey grahanchya aarogyavar rockfeller foundation-lancet commission mhanoon sankalpana suru kelee.
kelee dashakapasun, pratyek dashakat manavanmadhye naveen roganchi sankhya tippat vadhatana disate. american aanee austreliyan shastradnyanchya eka pramukh abhyasanusar, parisansthanchya parisansthanchya naveen udrekancha dhoka vadhato. alikadchya dashakanmadhye asha prakare manavanmadhye pasarlelya roganmadhye etch. aay. vhee., ibola, avian flue, swine flue aanee sambhavya covid-19 yancha samavesh aahe.
2016 madhye sanyukt rashtranchya paryavaran karyakramane 'unep frontiers 2016' ahwal prakashit keela. yaa ahavalatil dusra adhyay pranijanya roganna samarpit hota, mhanje pranyanpasun manavanmadhye sankraman honare rog. yaa adhyayat asey mhatale aahe qee jangaltod, hawaman badal aanee pashusamvardhan hii asha rogancha dhoka vadhavinari mukhya karane aahet. tyat namood kele aahe qee darr chaar mahinyanni manavanmadhye eka naveen rog aadhalato. asey mhatale jaate qee aadhich jhalelya udrekamule (2016 paryant) jivitahani jhaali aanee abjavadhi dollarsche aarthik nuksan jhaale aanee jarr bhavishyatil rog mahamari banale tarr tyasathi kotyavadhi dollars kharch hotil.
ahavalat udayonmukh roganchi karane sadar kelee aahet, tyapaiki eka motha bhag paryavaraniy aaheh
ahavalachya 23 vya panavar kahee alikadache udayonmukh rog aanee tyanchi nishchit paryavaraniy karane sadar kelee aahet.
etch. aay. vhee./eds.
madat bahudha jangaltodishi sambandhit aahe. haah vishanu pratham makade aanee vanaranmadhye pasarla aanee jevha manav yeuun jungle aanee bahutek narvanar pranyancha naash keela, tevha vishanula jaganyasathi aanee manavanmadhye udee marnyasathi naveen yajmananchi aavashyakta hotee. 2 kotee 50 lakhanhun adhik lokancha balee ghenara haah vishanu, zadachya mansachya sevanane, mhanje narvanshiyanchya sevanane aanee bahudha kongomadhil chimpanzichya sevanane aala asava asey manale jaate.
maleria.
2018 madhye 4,05,000 lokancha balee shoshun maleriyacha sambandh bahudha jangaltodishi aahe. jevha manav paryavaraniy pranalimadhye natyamay badal karato tevha dasanchya prajatinmadhil vividhata qamee hote aanih "jyaa prajati tikoon rahatat aanee prabhavi hotat, jyaa karane neat samajali jaat naheet, tyaa jawaljawal nehmich akhand jangalat sarvadhik mubalak asalelya prajatinpeksha maleriyache sankraman karatat", harvard medical skoolmadheel sarvajanik aarogya tadnya erich chivian aanee aaron bernstein yanni tyanchya 'aapale aarogya jaivavividhtevar kase avalambun aahe' yaa pustakat lihile aahe. "maleria sarvatra hoto heey moolatah disun aale aahe".
alikadchya varshant shastradnyanna sapadaleli yaa sambandhanchi kahee karaneh
parinami, tyach prakarcha daas jangaltodi jhalelya bhagat 278 putt jaast vela chavto. brazilmadhil eka abhyasanusar, 4 takke jungle kapanimule maleriyachya prakarananmadhye 50 takke vaadh jhaali. perumadhil eka pradeshat lokanni jangale kapanyas suruvat kelyanantar darvarshi rugnanchi sankhya 600 varoon 1,20,000 varr gelee.
coronavirus rog 2019.
sanyukt rashtra, jaagtik aarogya sanghatana aanee jaagtik vanyajeev sansthenusar corona vishanuchi mahamari nisargachya nashashi, visheshtah jangaltodi, sarvasadharanpane adhivasache nuksan aanee vanyajeev vyaparashi sambandhit aahe.
april 2020 madhye, sanyukt rashtranchya paryavaran karyakramane nisarg vinash, vanyajeev vyapar aanee covid-19 mahamari yanchyatil sambandh spasht karnare 2 laghupat prakashit kele aanee tyanchya sanketsthalavar yaa samasyesathi samarpit eka vibhag tayar keela.
jaagtik aarthik manchane covid-19 mahamaritoon punarpraptichya prayatnanmadhye nisarg punarprapticha samavesh karnyache aavahan prakashit kele aahe, jyat mhatale aahe qee haah udrek naisargik jagachya vinashashi sambandhit aahe.
meey 2020 madhye, jaivavividhata aanee parisanstha sevanvaril aantarsarkari vidnyan-dhoran manchachya tadnyanchya gatane eka lekh prakashit keela jyamadhye mhatale hote qee, covid-19 mahamarisathi jababdar prajati manav aahet kaaran tee nisargachya vinashashi sambandhit aahe aanee manavatene disha badalali nahee tarr adhik gambhir saathee houu shakatat. tyat 'paryavaraniy niyam majboot karane; nirnay ghenyakarta' eka aarogya 'drushtikon swikarane, jeey lock, prani, vanaspati aanee aapale samayik vatavaran yanchyatil guntaguntiche parasparsambandh olakhate aanee sansadhanancha taana aanee qamee nidhi asalelya sarvat asurakshit deshanmadhye aarogya seva pranalila chalana dene', jeey bhavishyatil sathichya roganna rokhu shakate aanee tyamule sarvanchya hitache aahe, asey aavahan kele aahe. jaagtik aarthik manchachya sanketsthalavar haah sandesh prakashit karnyat aala.
sanyukt rashtranchya paryavaran karyakramanusar 2019 chaa corona vishanu rog haah pranijanya aahe.jee.haah vishanu pranyanpasun manavanmadhye pasarla. alikadchya dashakanmadhye asey rog varanvar hott aahet, anek ghatakanmule, tyapaiki eka motha bhag paryavaraniy aahe. vananshikaran haah eka ghatak aahe kaaran tyamule pranyansathi rakheev jaaga qamee hote aanee prani aanee manav yanchyatil naisargik adthale nasht hotat. aanakhi eka kaaran mhanje hawaman badal. tapman aanee aadratemadhye honare atishay jalad badal rogancha prasar sulabh karatat. sanyukt rashtranchya paryavaran karyakramane assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe keeh "pranghatak roganpasoon swatache sanrakshn karnyacha sarvat moolbhut marg mhanje nisargacha naash rokhane. jithe parisanstha nirogi aanee jaivavividh aahet, tithe tyaa lavchik, anukool aahet aanee roganche niyaman karnyas madat karatat.
juuna 2020 madhye, greenpeachya west auph ingland vidyapithachya (yuu. doubleu. eae. bristol) eka vaidnyanik unitne eka ahwal prakashit keela, jyamadhye asey mhatale aahe qee coronaviruses pranijanya roganchi vaadh thet jangaltodishi sambandhit aahe kaaran yamule lock aanee prani yanchyatil parasparsanvad badalato aanee swachchata aanee rog upcharansathi aavashyak asalelya panyache praman qamee hote.
tadnyanche mhanane aahe qee manavvanshjanya jangaltod, adhivasache nuksan aanee jaivavividhatecha naash haah covid-19 mahamarisarkhya udrekanshi anek prakare jodalela asoo shakatoh
jevha hawaman badal kinwa jangaltodimule vishanu nahee" yajmanakade jaato tevha too adhik dhokadayak hoto. yache kaaran asey qee vishanu samanyatah tyanchya yajmanabarobar sahastitva thevanyas shikatat aanee jevha teey nahee"qday jaatat tevha teey vishari hotat.
aarthik parinam.
jaagtik aarthik manchachya matey, jaagtik jee. dii. pii. chaa ardha bhag nisargavar jordar kinwa madhyam pramanat avalambun aahe. nisarg punarsanchayit karnyasathi kharch kelelya pratyek dollarsathi kiman 9 dollarcha napha hoto. yaa duvyache udaharan mhanje covid-19 mahamari, jee nisargachya vinashashi jodaleli aahe aanee jyamule gambhir aarthik nuksan jhaale aahe.
2008 saalee bonn yethe jhalelya jaivik vividhata (see. bii. dii.) parishadetil eka ahavalat nishkarsh kadhala gela qee, jangale aanee nisargachya itar pailunche nuksan kelyane jagatil garibanche jivanman ardhe houu shakate aanee 2050 paryant jaagtik jee. dii. pii. sumare 7 takkyanni qamee houu shakate. aitihasikdrushtya, lakud aanee indhan lakdasah vann utpadananchya vaparane manvi samajat paanee aanee lagvadiyogya jaminichya bhoomikeshi tulana karata mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali aahe. aaj vikasit desh ghar bandhanyasathi lakud aanee kagdasathi lakadacha garr vaparat aahet. vikasansheel deshanmadhye, sumare teen abj lock garam karnyasathi aanee svayampakasathi lakadavar avalambun asatat.
vikasit aanee vikasansheel asha donhi deshanchya arthvyavasthecha vann utpadane udyog haah eka motha bhag aahe. jangalanche shetimadhye rupantar karoon kinwa lakud utpadananchya atee-shoshanane milanare alpakalin aarthik laabh, samanyatah dirghakalin utpann aanee dirghakalin jaivik utpadakta gamavatat. paschim africa, madgaskar, aagney ashiya aanee itar anek pradeshanmadhye lakud kapani qamee jhalyamule mahasool qamee jhaala aahe. avaidh lakudtod kelyane rashtriy arthvyavasthanche darvarshi kotyavadhi dollarsche nuksan hote.
lakud midvinyasathichya naveen prakriyanmule arthvyavastheche adhik nuksan hott aahe aanee lakud todanyat kaam kaam lokanni kharch kelelya rakmevar maat hott aahe. eka abhyasanusar, "abhyas kelelya bahutek kshetranmadhye, jangaltodila chalana utpann vividh upkramanmule tyanni sodalelya pratyek tunn karbansathi kvachitach 5 dollarspeksha jaast utpann hote aanee varanvar teey 1 dollarspeksha khoopach qamee parat yet asat". karbanmadhye eka tunn ghat honyashi jodalelya offsetchi kimmat european bajarat 23 euro (sumare 35 americi dollar) aahe.
vegane vegane arthvyavasthancha parinam jangaltodivarhi hoto. sarvadhik dabav jagatil vikasansheel deshankadun yeil, jyanchi loksankhya sarvat vegane vadhat aahe aanee sarvat jalad aarthik (audhyogik) vaadh hott aahe. 1995 saalee vikasansheel deshancha aarthik vikas darr vikasit deshanchya 2 takke vikasadarachya tulanet sumare 6 takkyanvar pohochala. jasjashi manvi loksankhya vadhel tastashi naveen ghare, samuday aanee shaharancha vistar hoil, jyamule yaa samudayanna jodanyasathi rastyanmadhye vaadh hoil. grameen raste aarthik vikasala chalana detat, parantu jangaltodihi sulabh karatat. amazonchya bahutansh bhaganmadhye rastyanchya 100 kimichya aat sumare 90 takke jangaltodi jhaali aahe.
bekaydeshir jangaltoditun banavalelya utpadananchya sarvat mothya aayatdaranpaiki european union eka aahe.
vann sankraman siddhant.
vankshetratil badal haah vann sankraman (phoot) siddhantane suchavalelya namunyache anusaran karoo shakato, jyamadhye vikasachya suruvatichya tappyat ekhadya deshache vaishishtya uchch vann aachchadan aanee qamee vananashache praman (etch. eff. ell. dii. desh) asate.
tyanantar jangaltodiche praman vadhate (etch. eff. etch. dii., uchch vann aachchadan-uchch vantodiche praman), aanee vantodiche praman qamee hote (ell. eff. etch. dii., qamee vann aachchadan-uchch vantodiche praman), tyanantar vantodiche praman qamee hote (ell. eff. ell. dii., qamee vann aachchadan-qamee vantodiche praman), jyanantar vann aachchadan sthir hote aanee akheris punarprapt honyas suruvat hote. phoot haah 'nisargacha niyam' nahee aanee haah namuna rashtriy sandarbh (udaharanarth, manvi loksankhyechi ghanata, vikasacha tappa, arthvyavasthechi rachana), jaagtik aarthik shakti aanee sarkari dhoranandware prabhavit aahe. ekhada desh sthir honyapurvich jungle aachchadanachya agadi khalchya pataliparyant pohochu shakato kinwa changlya dhoranandware too vann sankramanala 'pool' karoo shakel.
phoot eka vyapak cull darshavite aanee aitihasik daranche vistaramule sankramanachya (etch. eff. ell. dii.) suruvatichya tappyat deshansathi bhavishyatil bauu jangaltodicha qamee andaj lavala jaato, tarr nantarchya tappyat (ell. eff. etch. dii. aanee ell. eff. ell. dii.) deshansathi bauu jangaltodicha jaast andaj lavala jaato.
uchch vann aachchadan asalele desh heey suruvatichya tappyat asanyachi apeksha aahe. dardoi jee. dii. pii. deshachya aarthik vikasacha tappa tipato, joou junglans naisargik sansadhananchya vaparachya paddhatishi jodalela asato. vankshetra aanee dardoi jee. dii. pii. chee nivad dekhil done pramukh paristhitishi changlya prakare julateh
(1) vann tanchaicha marg, jithe vann tanchaimule (udaharanarth, vann utpadananchya vadhatya kimmatinmule) vann aachchadan sthirikaranas karanibhoot tharnari shakti nirman hote; aanee
(2) aarthik vikasacha marg, jyamadhye aarthik vadhishi sambandhit naveen aanee shetibaheril rojgarachya changlya sandhee (= dardoi jee. dii. pii. vadhane) simavarti shetichi nafakshamta qamee karatat aanee jangaltodi mandavtat.
aitihasik karane.
pragaitihasik.
carboniferous varshavan kosalane hii 30 kotee varshanpurvi ghadaleli ghatana hotee. hawaman badalamule ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavne uddhvast jhaali jyamule vanaspati aanee pranyanchya anek prajati namshesh jhalya. badal achanak jhaala, visheshtah, yaa velee hawaman thund aanee korade jhaale, jyaa paristhiti parjanyavananchya vadhisathi aanee tyateel bahutek jaivavividhatesathi anukool naheet. varshavananche tukade houn 'bete' aanakhi aanee adhik vegale hott gelee. upvarg lisamphibiasarkhya prajatinchi loksankhya uddhvast jhaali, tarr sarpatnara prani kosalanyapasun bachavala. jiwant asalelya jivanna mage rahilelya koradya vatavaranashi adhik changlya prakare julavun ghetale gele aanee teey kosalalyanantar varash mhanoon kaam karat rahile.
ekada pruthvichya bhupradeshachya 14 takke bhagavar varshavanancha vyap hota; aata teey keval 6 takke vyapatat aanee tadnyancha andaj aahe qee urvarit varshavanancha vapar 40 varshanpeksha qamee kalavadhit keela jaau shakato.
sanskratichya suruvatipurvi hajaro varshe kahee samajanmadhye chhotya pramanat jangaltodi kelee jaat hotee. vananashacha pahila purava madhyapashan kalat aadhalato. bahudha bund jangalanna jangalanna pranyansathi anukool asalelya adhik khulya parisansthanmadhye rupantarit karnyasathi yacha vapar keela jaat asey. shetichya aagamanane mothya bhagat jangaltod houu lagali aanee pikansathi jameen saaf karnyasathi aag heey pramukh sadhan banale. europemadhye ii. sha. puu. 7000 purviche thos purave farse naheet. madhyapashankalin charkanni laal harran aanee jangali dukkarasathi darvaje tayar karnyasathi agnicha vapar keela. gret brittenmadhye, oka aanee rakh yasarkhya chhaya-sahishnu prajatinchya jaagi paragkan nondinmadhye hazels, bramble, gavat aanee netals yetat. jangale kadhoon takalyamule waf qamee jhaali, parinami unchavaril piit bog tayar jhaale. ii. sha. puu. 8400 teey 8300 aanee ii. sha. puu. 1 darmyan sampoorn europemadhye elm paragkanat jhaleli vyapak ghat, dakshin europemadhye suru houn haloohaloo uttarekade gret britankade valat, heey navpashan shetichya prarambhi aagine jameen saaf karnyache pratinidhitva karoo shakate.
navpashan kalat shetichya jaminisathi mothya pramanat jangaltod jhaali. sumare ii. sha. puu. 3000 pasoon keval chakakipasoon navhe tarr britton aanee uttar americetil vividh prakarchya katheen khadakanpasun dagadi langdel tayar kelee jaat hotee. tyat ingraji talav jilhyatil prasiddha langdel langdel udyog, uttar velsmadhil penmenmavar yethe vikasit kelelya khanincha aanee itar anek thikanancha samavesh aahe. khaninjaval sthanik patalivar khadbadit baher kadhanyache kaam kele jaat hote aanee kahee chhan purn karnyasathi sthanik patalivar polish kele jaat hote. yaa payarimule keval langdelchee yantrik takadach vadhali nahee tarr lakadacha praveshahi sopa jhaala. flint ajunahi grames kabarisarkhya strotanmadhun vaparale jaat hote parantu europbharatil itar anek khaninmadhun.
minoan kretmadhye jangaltodiche purave sapadale aahet; udaharanarth, kansyayugat nosochya rajvadyachya vatavaranachi jangaltodi karnyat aalee hotee.
purv-audhyogik itihas.
jase puratatvashastradnyan dakhavun dile aahe qee pragaitihasik shetee samajanna lagwad karnyapurvi jangale kapavi lagali kinwa jaalavi lagali, tyachpramane suruvatichya sanskratinmadhil kagadpatre aanee kalakruti anekada jangaltodicha itihas ughad karatat. kahee sarvat natyamay mhanje ii. sha. puu. aathvya shatkatil assyri koreev kaam, jyat jinkalya gelelya bhagatoon qamee jungle asalelya rajdhanichya pradeshat yuddhat lutale gelele lakud khalchya dishene tarangatana dakhavale aahe. pivalya nadichya nadichya kahee bhaganni 2000 varshanpurvi aadhich tyanchi anek jangale nasht kelee hotee aanee tyanna pike mhanoon zaade lavavi lagali kinwa durvaroon aayat karavi lagali hotee, heey pracheen chiinii grunth spasht karatat. dakshin chinmadhye bahutansh jameen khajgi malkichi jhaali aanee tee lakadachya vyavsayik lagvadisathi vaparali jaat hotee.
pracheen greesmadheel aitihasik dhoop aanee ksharan yaa teen pradeshik abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee, jethe jethe purese purave aahet, tethe greesmadheel vividh pradeshanmadhye shetichi suruvat sumare 500-1,000 varshanparyant jhaali, jee nantarchya navpashankalapasun teey suruvatichya kansyayugaparyant hotee. ii. sha. puu. pahilya sahasrakachya madhyanantarchya hazar varshant anek thikani matichi gambhir, adhunmadhun honari dhoop disun aalee. ashiya minorchya dakshin kinarpattivaril bandaranchi aitihasik gaal padane (udaa.jee."clairus aanee ii. sha. puu. chya shevatchya shatkanmadhye ephysus, priyan aanee milotschee udaharane, jithe rengalyanni jamaa kelelya galamule bandare sodoon dyavi lagali) aanee kinarpattivaril syriamadhye.
alikadchya shatkanmadhye easter betala matichi mothya pramanat dhoop sahan karavi lagali aahe, jee shetee aanee jangaltodimule vadhali aahe. jared diamond tyachya 'capless' yaa pustakat pracheen easter betavaril lokanchya kosalanyacha vistrut aadhava deto. betavaril zaade gayab hone heey tarr aanee aanee shatkachya aaspaschya tyachya sanskratichya ghasaranishi julate asey disate. tyanni yaa kosalanyache kaaran jangaltod aanee serve sansadhananche atee-shoshan asey sangitale.
bandaratil prasiddha gaal padane, jyamule bandar vyapar kondapanyachya dishene gela, tyanantar varchya nadee nadee vadhalelya vasahatichya vadhicha (aanee varvar pahata jangaltodicha) kalahi aala. madhyayugeen suruvatichya kalat varchya prantachya rizmadhye, done lahan nadyanmadhil galane nadipatrala unch kele aanee purbhumicha rundikaran keela, jyamule haloohaloo roman vasahat galat budali aanee haloohaloo naveen bandhkam unch jaminivar halavale; tyach velee rizchya varchya mathyavaril panyachya panyachya kuranasathi ughadalya jaat hotya.
eka vaishishtyapurn pragaticha sapala assa hota qee shahare anekada jungle bhagat bandhali jaat asat, jee kahee udhyoganna (udaharanarth, bandhkam, jahaj bandhani, matichi bhandi) lakud puravat asat. tathapi, yogya replant naan karata jevha jangaltodi hote; sthanik lakadacha puravatha spardhatmak rahnyaitka jawalun midvane katheen hote, jyamule pracheen ashiya minormadhye varanvar ghadalyapramane shahar sodoon dile jaate. indhanachya garjanmule, khankam aanee dhatuvidnyanamule anekada jangaltod aanee shahar sodoon dile gele.
bahutansh loksankhya krishi kshetrat sakriy (kinwa apratyakshapane avalambun) rahilyane, bahutek bhaganmadhye mukhya dabav peak aanee guranchya shetisathi jameen saaf karane haah rahila. vanyajivan vyavharya rahnyasathi puresa jangali hirwa rung sahasa ubha thewala jaat asey (aanee anshatah, udaharanarth, jaalanyache lakud, lakud aanee fale gola karnyasathi kinwa dukaranna charavanyasathi). abhijat vargane (kuleen aanee uchch padrivarg) tyanchya swatachya shikar visheshadhikaranche aanee khelache sanrakshn anekada mahattvapoorn jangalanche sanrakshn kele.
loksankhyechya prasaratil (aanee asha prakare adhik tikau vaadh) pramukh bhag haah vilakshan 'agragami' (visheshtah hitchintak aanee vyavsayik aadeshandvare) aanee kahee saranjamdar 'tulanene changlya kayadeshir aanee aarthik paristhiti deu karoon karoon sthayik karnyasathi (aanee kardatya honyasathi) bharati karat hote. jaree sattebajanni shaharanna protsahan denyacha prayatna keela, tarihi vasahatinna aaspas kinwa kadhikadhi sanrakshanatmak bhintinchya aat shetichya pattyachi aavashyakta hotee. jevha kaala mrutyu, amerikeche vasahatvad kinwa vinashkari yuddh (udaharanarth, purv aanee madhya europemadhil changej khanche mangol sainya, germanytil tees varshanche yuddh) yasarkhya karananmule loksankhya zapatyane qamee jhaali, tevha yamule vasahati sodoon dilya jaau shakatat. nisargane jameen punha midavali hotee, parantu duyyam jangalanmadhye sahasa mool jaivavividhatecha abhav hota. mangolanchya aakramananmule aanee vijayanmulech vatavaranatil 70 kotee tunn carbon qamee jhaala aanee loksankhyechya mothya kalavadhit, carbon shoshun shoshun jangalanchi punha vaadh jhaali.
ii. sha. 1100 teey 1500 yaa kalat, vadhatya manvi loksankhyecha parinam mhanoon paschim europemadhye lakshaniy jangaltodi jhaali. 15 vya shatkapasoon european (kinarpattivaril) naudal malakanni shodh, vasahat, gulamancha vyapar aanee samudratil itar vyaparasathi lakadi naukanayan jahajanchi mothya pramanat bandhani kelyane anek vansampatticha vapar jhaala aanee 14 vya shatkat asankhya bubonic plaig udrek honyas jababdar tharale. spainpramanech, jangalanchi jastichi kapani karnyatahi samudri chachanit yogdan hote. yamule kolambasachya amerikechya shodhanantar deshantargat arthvyavastha kamkuvat jhaali, kaaran arthvyavastha vasahatvadi upkramanvar (lootmar, khankam, guredhore, lagwad, vyapar ii.) avalambun rahili.)
changes inn daad land" (1983) madhye, william cronan yanni 17 vya shatkatil ingraji vasahatinchya nyu englandmadhil vadhatya hangami purachya ahavalanche vishleshan aanee dastaivajikaran kele, tyaa kalat jevha naveen vasahati suruvatila shetisathi jangale saaf karat asat. tyanna asey vatale qee puur haah varchya bajula pasarlele jungle saaf karnyashi sambandhit aahe.
aadhunik europechya suruvatichya kalat audhyogik staravar kolshacha mothya pramanat vapar haah pashchimatya jangalancha eka naveen prakarcha vapar hota; englandchya stuartmadhyehi kolashache tulanene adim utpadan aadhich prabhavi patalivar pohochale aahe. stuart englandchi jangaltod itaki mothya pramanavar jhaali hotee qee teey jahajatil lakadanchya baltic vyaparavar avalambun hote aanee garaj bhagvinyasathi nyu englandchya naan vaparlelya jangalankade pahat hote. trafflugger (1805) yetheel nelsonchya shahee naudalachya yuddh jahajanpaiki pratyek jahajala tyachya bandhkamasathi 6,000 paripakv okchi aavashyakta hotee. bhavishyat french naudlala puravatha karnyasathi colbertney francemadhye okchi jangale lavali. shakate shatkachya madhyat jevha okchi lagwad paripakv jhaali, tevha jahaj vahtook badalalyamule payathyanchi garaj rahili nahee.
norman eff. madhyayugeen jangaltodichya parinamancha cantercha saransh suruvatichya aadhunik europela titkach lagoo hotoh
loksanskrutimadhye.
jagatil vegvegalya thikanchya vegvegalya sanskratinmadhye zaade todanyachya krutiche vegvegale arth aahet. 
maitei sanskruti.
meitei pauranik katha aanee manipurchya meitei lokkathanmadhye, nisarg matela (bahudha devi limrail sidabi) radnyache aanee tichya maulyavan mulanchya mrutyubaddal shoke karnyache eka kaaran mhanoon jangaltodicha ullekh keela aahe. 
hijan hirav" () navachya pracheen meitei bhashetil varnanatmak kavitet, assa ullekh aahe qee luwang rajvanshacha raja hongnem luwang ningthou pansiba yane ekada tyachya manasanna jangalatil jangale kapanyache aadesh dile hote, kaaran eka sunder shahee hiang bhadepatti tayar kelee hotee. tyachya sevakanna dongarachya utaravar aanee nadichya kathavar ugavat asalelya eka prachand zadavar disale. 
nahee" divashi jungle todanyapurvi tyanni paramparik vidhee aanee vidhee kele. 
madhyaratri, nisargmata tiche mool, zaad gamavanyachya bhitine radoo lagali. 
tichya vedaneche varnan khalilpramane kele aaheh
audhyogik yug.
shakate shatkat, united statesmadhye vafechya botincha parichay hone heey mississippy nadisarkhya pramukh nadyanchya kathavaril jangaltodiche kaaran hote, jyat vadhalela aanee adhik tivra puur paryavaraniy parinamanpaiki eka hota. vafechya engines indhan denyasathi vafechya botiche karmchari darroj nadichya kathavaril lakud kapatat. madhyabhagi seent. lui aanee dakshinekadil ohiyo nadicha sangam, mississippy adhik rund aanee uthal jhaali aanee tyane tyacha pravah bajula badalala. snyag poolerschya vaparane nauvahan sudharnyachya prayatnanmule anekada karmchari kathavarun parat jaanyasathi 100 mothee zaade saaf karatat. eleanoy deshatil anek french vasahatvadi shahare, jase qee kaskaskia, kahokia aanee seent. philipi, eleanoy, shakate shatkachya uttaradhat purgrast jhaale aanee sodoon denyat aale, tyanchya puratatvashastrachya sanskrutik nondi gamavalya gelya.
shetichi jameen tayar karnyasathi jangalanchi ghauk safsafai jagachya anek bhaganmadhye disun yete, jase qee madhyavarti vann-trinabhoomi sankraman aanee united stateschya mothya maidananchya itar bhagat. anek vikasansheel deshanmadhye utpadan 20 vya shatkatil jangaltodimadhye vishisht samanata disun yetat.
jangaltodiche darr.
ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodichya vyaptinusar andaj mothya pramanat badaltat.
sadhyache.
2019 madhye, jagane sumare 1 kotee 20 laakh hector vruksh aachchadan gamavale. tyateel jawaljawal eka trutiyansh, mhanje 38 laakh hector, ardra ushnakatibandhiy prathamik jangalanmadhye, paripakv parjanyavananchya bhagat, jeey jaivavividhata aanee carbon sathavanukisathi visheshtah mahatvache aahet, jhaale. heey darr sahaa sekandanni footballchya khelpattiitke prathamik jungle kshetra gamavanyaitakech aahe.
itihas.
1852 chya sumaras jaagtik jangaltodila zapatyane gatee midali. 1947 paryant, yaa grahavar 1.5 kotee teey 1.6 kotee chauras kiimii (5.8 laakh teey 6.2 kotee chauras mail) paripakv ushnakatibandhiy jangale hotee, parantu 2015 paryant, yapaiki ardhe nasht jhaale asalyacha andaj hota. ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavananche ekoon bhoobhag 14 takkyanvarun 6 takkyanparyant qamee jhaale. yateel bahutansh nuksan 1960 teey 1990 darmyan jhaale, jevha serve ushnakatibandhiy varshavananpaiki 20 takke nasht jhaali. yaa darane, 21 vya shatkachya madhyaparyant ashee jangale namshesh honyacha andaj aahe.
aahe dashakachya suruvatila, kahee shastradnyanni assa andaj vartavala hota qee joparyant jagbharatil vruddhisathichya junya jangalancha shodh ghene aanee tyanche sanrakshn karane yasarkhya lakshaniy upayayojana kelya jaat naheet, toparyant 2030 paryant keval 10 takke shillak rahtil, tarr aanakhi 10 takke kharab sthiteet asateel. 80 takke prajati nasht jhalya asateel aanee tyanchyasobat lakho aparivartaniy prajatihi nasht jhalya asateel.
badalache darr.
2002 saalee upgrah pratimanchya vishleshananusar, ardra ushnakatibandhiy pradeshat (darvarshi andaje 5.8 laakh hector) jangaltodicha darr sarvadhik uddhrut kelelya darapeksha andaje 23 takke qamee hota. sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatnene (eff. aii. oo.) 2005 saalee dilelya ahavalat assa andaj vartavala aahe qee jaree pruthviche ekoon vankshetra darvarshi sumare 1 kotee 30 laakh hector itake qamee hott rahile asale, taree jaagtik jangaltodicha darr mandavat hota. dusarikade, 2005 saalee upgrah pratimanchya vishleshanatun asey disun aale aahe qee amazon varshavananchi jangaltod shastradnyanni purvi kelelya andajapeksha duppat vegane jhaali aahe.
eff. aii. oo. chya matey, 2010 teey 2015 yaa kalat jagbharatil vankshetrat darvarshi 33 laakh hectorne ghat jhaali. yaa paach varshanchya kalavadhit, ushnakatibandhiy pradeshat, visheshtah dakshin america aanee aafriket, vankshetrache sarvat mothe nuksan jhaale. dardoi vankshetratil ghat ushnakatibandhiy aanee uposhnakatibandhiy pradeshat dekhil sarvadhik hotee parantu loksankhya vadhalyane pratyek hawaman kshetrat (samshitoshna vagalata) hott aahe.
1990 pasoon jagbharat jangaltodimule andaje 42 kotee hector jungle nasht jhaale aahe, parantu jangaltodicha darr lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala aahe. sarvat alikadil paach varshanchya kalavadhit (2015-2020), jangaltodicha varshik darr 1 kotee hector asalyacha andaj hota, joou 2010-2015 madheel 1 kotee 20 laakh hectorvaroon qamee jhaala.
aafriketil nivval vann hanicha varshik darr sarvadhik 39 laakh hector itka hota, tyanantar dakshin amerikecha 26 laakh hector itka hota. 1990 pasoonchya teen dashkant aafriket nivval vann hanicha darr vadhala aahe. dakshin americet too lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala aahe, tathapi, 2000-2010 chya tulanet 2010-2020 madheel sumare nimmya daraparyant. ashiyachya vankshetracha nivval laabh 2010-2020 madhye sarvadhik hota, tyanantar oshiniya aanee europe. tathapi, europe aanee ashiya yaa donhi deshanni 2000-2010 chya tulanet 2010-2020 madhye nivval vadhiche praman lakshaniyaritya qamee nondavale. oceania 1990-2000 aanee 2000-2010 yaa dashakanmadhye vankshetrache nivval nuksan anubhavale.
kahijan assa dawa karatat qee parjanyavne satat vegane nasht hott aahet. londonsthit rainforest foundation nondavale aahe qee, "yuu. aine. chee aakadevari 10 takkyanitke vastavik vruksh aachchadan asalele kshetra mhanoon vanachya vyakhyevar aadharit aahe, jyamadhye pratyakshat savana sarkhya parisansthechya aanee kharabaritya nuksan jhalelya jangalanchya kshetrancha samavesh asel". eff. aii. oo. aakadevariche itar samikshak asey darshavtat qee teey vann prakaranmadhye farak karat naheet aanee teey mukhyatve vegvegalya deshanchya vanvibhaganchya ahavalavar aadharit aahet, jeey bekaydeshir lakudtod yasarkhya anadhikrut kriyakalapancha vichar karat naheet. yaa anishchitatannantarhi, parjanyavanancha naash hii eka mahattvachi paryavaraniy samasya aahe yavar sahmati aahe.
vishleshanachya paddhati.
kahinni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee jangaltodiche cull cusinets vakraresheche anusaran karoo shakatat, jeey kharey asalyas tarihi bigger-aarthik vann mulyanchya aparivartaniy hanicha dhoka (udaharanarth, prajatinchi namsheshta) door karnyat ayashasvi hoil.
kahee nakashalekhakanni nakashalekh vaparoon deshanusar utpadan jangaltodiche praman spasht karnyacha prayatna keela aahe.
pradesh.
jagbharat jangaltodiche praman vegvegale aahe.
1900 pasoon paschim aafriketil 90 takkyanparyant kinarpattivaril parjanyavne nahishi jhaali aahet. madgaskarchi 90 takke purvekadil parjanyavne nasht jhaali aahet.
dakshin aashiyatil sumare 88 takke parjanyavan nasht jhaale aahet.
mexico, bharat, phillipines, indoneshiya, thayaland, berma, maleshiya, bangladesh, chean, srilanka, laos, nigeria, kongoche lokshahi prajasattak, liberia, giinii, ghaana aanee hastidant kinarpatti yanni tyanchya parjanyavanatil mothe kshetra gamavale aahe.
jagatil parjanyavananpaiki jeey kahee shillak aahe teey bahutek amazon amazon aahe, jithe amazon parjanyavan andaje 40 laakh chauras kilometer kshetra vyapate. brazil haah jagatil gomansacha sarvat motha niryatdar desh asalyane, amazonchya jangaltodipaiki sumare 80 takke govanshpalanamule hote. amazon pradesh haah jagatil sarvat mothya pashusamvardhan pradeshanpaiki eka banala aahe. 2000 teey 2005 darmyan ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodicha sarvadhik darr asalele pradesh madhya america hote-jyane darvarshi 1.3% jangale gamavali-aanee ushnakatibandhiy ashiya. madhya americet, 1950 pasoon done trutiyansh sakhal bhagatil ushnakatibandhiy jangale kuranat rupantarit jhaali aahet aanee gelya 40 varshant serve parjanyavanepaiki 40 takke nasht jhaali aahet. brazilne tyachya maata atlantica jangalatil 90-95% gamavale aahe. brazilmadhil jangaltodimadhye mageel varshachya tulanet juuna 2019 madhye 88 takkyanni vaadh jhaali. tathapi, brazilne 2019 madhye ajunahi 13 laakh hector jameen nasht kelee. brazil haah anek deshanpaiki eka aahe jyane tyanchya jangaltodis rashtriy aanibani ghoshit kele aahe. 
2010 madhye yadruchchikpane abhyas kelelya 2 mahinyanchya kalavadhit paraguay 15,000 hectorchya darane deshachya paschim bhagatil naisargik ardh-ardra jangale gamavat hote. 2009 madhye paraguaychya sansadene assa kayada manjur karnyas nakar deela jyamule naisargik jangale purnapane kapane thambavale asate.
2007 paryant, haitichi 50 takkyanhun qamee jangale shillak hotee.
2015 teey 2019 yaa kalat kangochya lokshahi prajasattakatil jangaltodicha darr duppat jhaala. 2021 madhye kangochya parjanyavanatil jangaltodimadhye 5 takkyanni vaadh jhaali.
jaagtik vanyajeev nidhichya paryavaran kshetra prakalpat jagbharatil adhivas prakaranchi yadee tayar kelee aahe, jyat jangaltodisarkhya adhivasatil hanicha samavesh aahe, udaharanarth canadachya kahee bhagantil samruddha jangalanmadhye jase qee prayery prantanchya madhya-khandiy canadian jangalanmadhye dekhil ardhe jungle nasht jhaale aahe kinwa tyat badal karnyat aale aahe.
2011 madhye, sanwardhan aantarrashtriyane sarvat dhokyat asalelya 10 vananchi yadee kelee, jyache vaishishtya mhanje sarvanche mool adhivas 90 takke kinwa tyahoon adhik nasht jhaale aahe aanee pratyekamadhye kiman 1500 sthanik vanaspati prajati (jagaat itar kuthehi kuthehi prajati) aahet.
assa andaj aahe qee jagatil 70 takke jangale vann kathapasoon eka kilometres aat aahet, jithe teey manvi hastakshep aanee nashas sarvadhik balee padatat.
niyantranat thewa.
utsarjan qamee karane.
sanyukt rashtra aanee jaagtik bankesah pramukh aantarrashtriy sansthanni jangaltodila aala ghalanyachya uddeshane karyakram vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee aahe. jangaltodi aanee vanksharanamule honare utsarjan qamee karane (reed) hii sampoorn sandnya asha prakarchya karyakramanche varnan karate, jeey vikasansheel deshanna jangaltodi maryadit karnyasathi aanee/kinwa mage ghenyas protsahit karnyasathi thet aarthik kinwa itar protsahanancha vapar karatat. nidhi haah eka muddah rahila aahe, parantu december 2009 madhye copenhagen yethe jhalelya pakshanchya 15 (cop-15) chya hawaman badalavaril (unfcc) yuen framework conventionmadhye, vikasit deshanni vanasamvardhan aanee aantarrashtriy sansthandvare guntavanukisaha naveen aanee atirikt sansadhanansathi samoohik vachanbaddhatesah eka karar keela hota, joou 2010-2012 yaa kalavadhisathi aamhala $30 abjaparyant pohochel. 
vikasansheel desh tyanchya manya kelelya laal uddishtanche palan karat aahet yavar dekhrekh thevanyasathi vaparlya vaparlya sadhananvar lakshaniy kaam suru aahe. upgrah pratima aanee itar mahitee strotancha vapar karoon durastha vann dekharekhivar avalambun asalelya yaa sadhananmadhye jaagtik vikasache swaroop (krutisathi vann dekhrekh) upkram aanee pruthvivaril nirikshananchya vann carbon tracking portalvaril gatacha samavesh aahe. vann dekharekhisathichya paddhatshir margdarshanavar dekhil cop-15 madhye bharr denyat aala. paryavaran sanghatnene jangaltodiche bhag talhale aanee yuu. ess. kadoon nidhichya madhyamatoon redchya vikasasathichya mohimeche netrutva kele.ess. sarkar. 2014 madhye, sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatnene aanee bhagidaranni open forces suru kele-open soars software sadhanancha eka sanch joou vann sansadhananchya sthitibaddal mahitee gola karnyat, tayar karnyat aanee prasarit karnyat deshanna madat karato. garajanche moolyankan, rachana, niyojan, kshetra deta sankalan aanee vyavasthapan, andaj vishleshan aanee prasar yapasoon hii sadhane inventory jivanchakrala aadhar detat. remot sensing pratima prakriya sadhane, tasech jangaltodi aanee vann avanati (laal) aanee emm. aar. vhee. (mapan, ahwal aanee padtalani) aanee eff. aii. oo. chya jaagtik vann sansadhan mulyankananmadhun utsarjan qamee karnyasathi aantarrashtriy ahavalasathi sadhane samavisht aahet.
ekoon utsarjanat ghat honyachya parinamanche moolyankan kartana, sarvadhik jangaltodiche uchch darr (etch. eff. etch. dii.) asalele uchch vankshetra aanee uchch daratil jangaltodi (ell. eff. etch. dii.) asalele qamee vankshetra asey vargikaran kelele desh sarvat jaast chinteche aahet. afghanistan, benin, botswana, berma, burundi, cameroon, chaad, equador, ell salvador, ethiopia, ghaana, gwatemala, giinii, haiti, honduras, indoneshiya, liberia, malavi, maalee, mauritania, mangolia, namibia, nepal, nikaragwa, niger, nigeria, pakistan, parague, phillipines, senegal, siera leone, srilanka, sudan, togo, uganda, sanyukt prajasattak tanzania aanee zimbabwe yethe qamee jungle aachchadan asoon tyat uchch daratil jangaltodi (ell. eff. etch. dii.) aahe. brazil, kambodiya, koriyache lokshahi lock prajasattak, vishuvavruttiy giinii, maleshiya, soloman bete, timore-leste, venezuela aanee zambia heey uchch jungle aachchadan asalele vanikaran darr (etch. eff. etch. dii.) asalele desh mhanoon soochibaddha aahet.
kampanyandvare niyantran kele jaau shakate. 2018 madhye paam telacha sarvat motha vyapari wilmer yane jangaltodi talhanyasathi aaplya puravathadaranvar niyantran thevanyacha nirnay ghetala. haah eka mahattvacha purvat aahe.
2021 madhye, jagatil 85 takkyanhun adhik jangale asalelya deshanche pratinidhitva karnare 100 hoon adhik jaagtik nete 2030 paryant jangaltod aanee jaminichi jaminichi thambavanyasathi aanee ulat karnyasathi vachanbaddha hote.
vann sanvardhanasathi deyake.
boliviamadhye, varchya nadichya nadichya jangaltodimule matichi dhoop aanee panyachi gunavatta qamee honyasah paryavaraniy samasya nirman jhalya aahet. yaa paristhitivar upay karnyasathi aanee prayatna karnyasathi eka navinyapurn prakalp mhanje varchya bhagatil jamindaranna khalchya bhagatil paanee paanee jangalanche sanwardhan karnyasathi paise dile jaatat. jamindaranna zadanche sanwardhan karnyasathi, pashudhanachya pradushankari paddhati talhanyasathi aanee tyanchya jaminivaril jaivavividhata aanee vann carbon vadhavanyasathi aamhala 20 dollar midatat. paach varshansathi done hector paanee paanee jangalachya sanvardhanachi bharpai karnyasathi tyanna aamhala 30 dollar midatat, jeey madhmashi kharedi karatat. jangalatil prati hector madhacha mahasool darvarshi 5 dollar aahe, tyamule paach varshant jamindarane aamhala 50 dollar madh vikala aahe. hawaman aanee vikas dnyan jaalyachya pathimbyane haah prakalp natura bolivia aanee durmil sanwardhan sansthedvare chalavala jaat aahe.
aantarrashtriy, rashtriy aanee uparashtriy dhorane.
vann sanrakshanasathichya dhorananmadhye mahitee aanee shaikshanik karyakram, adhikrut upkramanmadhun mahasool paratava vadhavanyasathi aarthik upayayojana aanee 'vann tantradnya aanee vann vyavasthapakanchi' parinamkarakta vadhavanyasathichya upayayojanancha samavesh aahe. garibi aanee shetiche bhade heey jangaltodiche pramukh ghatak asalyache aadhalun aale. samkalin deshantargat aanee paradeshi rajkiy nirnay ghenare bahudha dhorane tayar karoo aanee tyanchi amalbajavani karoo shakatat, jyanche parinam heey sunishchit karatat qee gambhir jangalatil aarthik kriyakalap parisanstha seva, hawaman badal shaman aanee itar hetunsathi tyanchya vaidnyanikdrushtya nirdharit moolyashi susangat aahet.
ashee dhorane purak tantrik aanee aarthik sadhanancha vapar aanee aayojan karoo shakatat-jyat gomansache utpadan, vikri aanee vapar (jyamule hawaman badal qamee karnyasathi dekhil mothe fayade hotil), asha kshetrantil vishisht itar aarthik upkramanchya uchch patalicha (jase qee punarvanikaran, vann sanrakshn, ann utpadananchya vishisht vargansathi shashvat shetee aanee sarvasadharanpane chaturthansh kaam), utpadan mahitee aavashyakta, sarav aanee utpadan-pramanikaran aanee paryavaran-darr, aavashyak dekhrekh aanee shodhanyayogyatesah samavesh aahe. udaharanarth, asha dhorananchi nirmiti aanee amalbajavani karnyas pravrutt kelyane, jangaltodishi sambandhit gomans jaagtik staravar tappyatappyane kadhoon takane sadhya houu shakate. jatil bahu-kendrit prashasakeey upayayojanansah, hawaman badal qamee karnyasathi eae. saha tharvilyapramane pureshi uddishte.jee. 2021 chya sanyukt rashtranchya hawaman badal parishadet tharavalyapramane, parris karar aanee 2030 paryant jangaltodi thambavane sadhya kele jaau shakate.<eka abhyasat asey suchavale gele aahe qee uchch utpann asalelya rashtranni ushnakatibandhiy vann-sambandhit utpadananchi aayat qamee karane aanee saiddhantikdrushtya vann-sambandhit samajik-aarthik vikasas madat karane aavashyak aahe. sakriy sarkari dhorane aanee aantarrashtriy vann dhorane "jaagtik vann vyaparachi ferrerchna aanee punarrachana" dekhil aavashyak aahet.
2022 madhye european sansadene jangaltodishi sambandhit aayat thambavinyachya uddeshane eka vidheyak manjur kele. udaharanarth, yaa vidheykamule brazilmadhye krishi utpadanasathi honari jangaltod thambavata yeu shakate aanee "vidyaman shetjaminivaril utpadakta vadhavanyas" suruvat houu shakate. meey 2023 madhye european parishadene kahee badalansah haah kayada swikarla hota aanee tyanantar anek aathvadyanni too lagoo honyachi apeksha aahe. yaa vidheyakat, european unionmadhye vishisht prakarchi utpadane aayat karoo karoo kampanyanni, tyaa vastunche utpadan 31 december 2020 nantar jangaltodi jhalelya bhaganshi sambandhit nahee heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe. manavadhikaranchya ullanghanashi sambandhit utpadananchya aayativarhi bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe. utpadananchya yadeet paam teel, guredhore, lakud, coffey, kokaaa, rubber aanee soya yancha samavesh aahe. tyaa utpadananche kahee vyutpann dekhil samavisht aaheth chocolate, furniture, mudrit kagad aanee paam telavar aadharit anek vyutpann.
jaminiche haqq.
vananashachya virodhatil pratikaramadhye sthanik samuday heey kalapasoon aaghadivar aahet. jaminivaril adhikar sarvajanik kshetratun tethil sthanik rahivashanna hastantarit karane heey jungle sanvardhanasathiche kifayatshir dhoran asalyacha yuktivad keela jaato. yamadhye bharatachya vann haqq kaydyasarkhya vidyaman kayadyanmadhye haqq asalelya asha adhikaranche sanrakshn samavisht aahe. chinmadhye asha adhikaranche hastantaran, kadachit aadhunik kalatil sarvat mothee bhusudharana, yamule vankshetrat vaadh jhalyacha yuktivad keela jaato. brazilmadhye, sthanik gatanna mudat dilelya vankshetranmadhye rashtriy udyananpeksha safsafaiche darr agadi qamee aahet.
kangolian parjanyavananmadhil samudayik savalatinmadhye jangaltodi lakshaniyaritya qamee aahe kaaran samudayanna jaminiche shashvat vyavasthapan karnyasathi, agadi garibi qamee karnyasathihi protsahan dile jaate. 
shetee.
adhik sakhol shetee karnyasathi uchch utpann denari sankarit pike, haritgruhe, ubhi shetee, swayatt imarati udyane aanee jalvidhyut yasarkhya naveen paddhati vikasit kelya jaat aahet. aavashyak utpadan rakhanyasathi yaa paddhati anekada rasayanik aadananvar avalambun asatat. chakriy shetimadhye, guredhore shetjaminivar charavali jaatat jee vishranti ghet aahe aanee punarujjivit karat aahe. chakriy shetimule pratyakshat matichi supikata vadhate. tivra shetimule pikanchya vadhisathi aavashyak asalelya khanijancha vegwan darane vapar karoon matichi poshak tattve dekhil qamee houu shakatat. tathapi, sarvat aashadayak drushtikon mhanje parmakalcharmadhil ann vananchi sankalpana, jyamadhye ann, lakud aanee itar vaparasathi swarasya asalelya vanaspati aanee pranyanchya prajatinvar bharr dett, naisargik jangalanchi nakkal karnyasathi kaljipurvak tayar kelelya krishi vann pranalincha samavesh aahe. yaa pranali jivashma indhan aanee krishi-rasayananvar qamee avalambun aahet, atyant swayam-dekhbhal, atyant utpadak aahet aanee maatee aanee panyachya gunavattevar aanee jaivavividhtevar jordar sakaratmak parinam karatat.
tasech, maans utpadan aanee dudh utpadanachya paryavaraniy prabhavamule, maans anuroop aanee dudhachya paryayanche utpadan (kinwan, ekpeshiy prathine,..) yacha shodh ghetala jaat aahe. yamule pashusanvardhanachya arthvyavasthevarhi parinam houu shakato kinwa nasoo shakato (soya utpadan aanee niryatisah, tyacha eka bhag guransathi chaara mhanoon vaparla jaato).
jangaltodivar dekhrekh thevane.
jangaltod qamee karnyasathi aanee tyavar dekhrekh thevanyasathi anek paddhati yogya aanee vishvasarh aahet. eka paddhat mhanje "havai chhayachitre kinwa upgrah pratimanche drushya spashtikaran jeey shrampradhan aahe parantu sanganak pratima prakriya kinwa vyapak sanganakeey sansadhananmadhye uchch-stariy prashikshanachi aavashyakta nahee". nahee" paddhatimadhye uchch-sankalp upgrah pratimansah tapshilvar digital vishleshanasathi thikane olakhanyasathi tadnyanche mutt kinwa khadbadit sankalp upgrah deta vaparoon hott-spott vishleshan (mhanje, jalad badalachi thikane) samavisht aahe. sadhyache jangaltodiche mojmap, samanyatah jangaltodiche praman mojoon kele jaate.
paryavaraniy drushtikonatun, nuksan aanee tyache sambhavya parinam mojane heey adhik mahattvache kaam aahe, tarr sanwardhan prayatna vanyukt jameen sanrakshn aanee satat honari jangaltodi talhanyasathi jameen-vaparachya paryayanchya vikasavar adhik kendrit aahet. vanikaran darr aanee ekoon jangaltodiche kshetra anek pradeshanmadhye vanikaranavar dekhrekh thevanyasathi mothya pramanat vaparale gele aahe, jyat brazilian amazon vananashachya dekharekhisathi inpedware dekhrekh dekhil samavisht aahe. jaagtik upgrah drushya upalabdh aahe, jeey kalantarane bhoo-aachchadanachya bhoo-badal vidnyan dekharekhiche eka udaharan aahe.
jangaltod aanee punarvanikaran patalivaril mahitee midvinyasathi upgrah pratimachitran mahattvapoorn jhaale aahe. udaharanarth, nasachya 'pathpradarshak damat ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodi prakalp' chaa bhag mhanoon, landsat upgrah mahiticha vapar ushnakatibandhiy jangaltodicha nakasha tayar karnyasathi keela gela aahe. yaa prakalpamule 1970,1980 aanee 1990 chya teen kalkhandansathi amazon khore, madhya africa aanee aagney aashiyache jangaltodiche nakashe midale.
vann vyavasthapan.
jangaltodi thambavanyache kinwa mandavanyache prayatna anek shatkanpasun kele jaat aahet kaaran heey heey kalapasoon dnyat aahe qee jangaltodimule kahee prakarananmadhye paryavaranache purese nuksan houu shakate jyamule samaj kosaloo shakatat. tongamadhye, sarvoch shasakanni janglala shetjaminimadhye rupantarit karnyapasoon alpakalin laabh aanee jangalatil nukasanamule utpadan dirghakalin samasyanmadhil sangharsh rokhanyasathi dhorane vikasit kelee, tarr tarr aanee aanee shatkat japanmadhil tokugawa yethe shogunanni itar utpadanandvare lakud badaloon aanee anek shatkanpasun shetee kelelya jaminicha adhik karyaksham vapar karoon mageel shatkatil jangaltodi thambavanyasathi aanee ulat karnyasathi dirghakalin niyojanachi eka atyant atyadhunik pranali vikasit kelee. kelee shatkatil germanymadhye, jamindaranni jangaltodichya samasyela tond denyasathi sylviculture dekhil vikasit kele. tathapi, hii dhorane 'changla paus', 'korada hangam' aanee 'atishay tarun maatee' (jwalamukhi kinwa himanadiyatedware) asalelya vatavaranapurati maryadit asatat. yache kaaran asey qee junya aanee qamee supic mateet zaade khoop haloo vadhatat jyamule sylviculture aarthikdrushtya fayadeshir tharoo shakat nahee, tarr tivra korada hangam asalelya bhagat jangalatil aagimule zadanche peak pakv honyapurvich nasht honyacha dhoka nehmich asato.
jyaa bhagat 'kapoon jaalane' heey prachalit aahe, tyaa bhagat 'kapoon jaalane' heey paryay vaparane, tyamule jangaltod aanee tyanantar matiche honare ksharan rokhata yeil. asha prakare tayar keleli jaivachar, matila parat dilee jaate, hii keval eka tikau carbon pruthakkaran paddhat nahee tarr matisathi eka atyant fayadeshir durusti dekhil aahe. bayomasmadhye misalalyane pruthvivaril sarvat shrimant matipaiki eka aanee swatahla punarujjivit karnyasathi olakhali jaanari ekmev maatee, terra pretachi nirmiti hote.
shashvat paddhati.
vann pramanpatra aanee vann vyavasthapan parishadechya samarthanasathichya karyakramasarkhya jaagtik pramanikaran pranalindware pradan kelele pramanpatra, shashvatpane vyavasthapit jangalatoon lakadasathi bajarpethet magani nirman karoon jangaltodicha samna karnyat yogdan dete. sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatanenusar (eff. aii. oo.), shashvat vann vyavasthapanacha sweekar karnyasathi eka pramukh aut mhanje shashvat utpadan utpadan utpadananchi magani aanee grahakanchi uchch kharchasathi paise denyachi tayari. shashvat vann vyavasthapanala protsahan denyasathi niyamak drushtikonatun bajar protsahanankade valanyache pramanpatra pratinidhitva karate. shashvatpane vyavasthapit kelelya jangalatoon vann utpadananchya sakaratmak gunadharmanna protsahan deuun, pramanikaran paryavaran sanvardhanachya maganichya bajus laksh kendrit karate."rainforest bachav assa yuktivad karato qee eff. ess. see. sarkhya sansthanchi manke lakud udhyogachya hitsambandhanshi khoop jawalun jodaleli aahet aanee mhanoon paryavaran aanee samajik jababdari asalelya vann vyavasthapanachi hummy dett naheet. pratyakshat, dekhrekh pranali apuri aahet aanee jagbharat fasavanukichya vividh prakarananchi nond karnyat aalee aahe.
kahee deshanni pruthvivaril zadanchi sankhya vadhavanyasathi pavale uchalali aahet. 1981 saalee chinane rashtriy vruksh lagwad deane vann nirman kele aanee done dashakanpurvi keval 12 takke asalelya chinchya bhoobhagachya vankshetrachi vyapti aata 1% peksha jaast jhaali hotee.
lakadapeksha bambuche indhan vaparnyamule swachchh jaalani hote aanee bamboo lakadapeksha khoop vegane paripakv hott asalyane, jangaltodi qamee hote kaaran puravatha jalad bharata yeto.
vananirmiti.
jagachya anek bhaganmadhye, visheshtah purv ashiyai deshanmadhye, punarvanikaran aanee vanikaranamule vankshetrache kshetrafal vadhat aahe. jagatil 50 sarvadhik vansampann deshanpaiki 22 deshanmadhye jangalanche praman vadhale aahe. 2000 teey 2005 yaa kalat ashiya khandane ekoon 10 laakh hector jungle midavale. 1992 teey 2001 yaa kalat all salvadormadhil ushnakatibandhiy jangalanmadhye 20 takkyanhun adhik vistar jhaala. yaa kalanchya aadhare, eka abhyasat asey andaj vyakt kele gele aahe qee 2050 paryant jaagtik vanikaran 10 takkyanni vadhel-jeey kshetra bharatachya aakarache asel.
eff. oo. paribhashanusar 'punarvanikaran' haah shabd vankshetrat vaadh honyas hatbhar lavat nahee. jangaltod mhanje aag, vadal ii. sarkhya naisargik karananmule ektar kapale gelele kinwa nasht jhalele jungle punha sthapit karane. tarr, 'vanikaran' yaa shabdacha arth assa aahe qee purvi jungle nasalelya jamininvar naveen jungle ubharane (udaa. jee. sodoon dileli shetee).
vansampattichya nivval nukasanicha darr, 1990-2000 dashkatil varshik 78 laakh hectorvaroon qamee houn 2000-2010 madhye varshik 52 laakh hector aanee 2010-2020 madhye varshik 47 laakh hector jhaala. vansampattichya darat ghat jhalyamule nivval vansampattichya ghasaranicha darr alikadchya dashakat qamee jhaala.
chinmadhye, jithe mothya pramanat jangalancha naash jhaala aahe, tithe sarkarne yapurvi 11 teey 60 vayogatatil pratyek saksham nagarikane varshala teen teey paach zaade lavane kinwa itar vann sevanmadhye tevadhech kaam karane aavashyak hote. 1982 pasoon chinmadhye darvarshi kiman 1 abj zaade lavali gelee aahet assa sarkarcha dawa aahe. aaj yachee garaj nahee, parantu chinmadhye darvarshi 12 march roji lagwad sutty asate. tasech, tyanni green wall auph chayana prakalpahi suru keela aahe, jyacha uddesh zaade lavnyachya madhyamatoon gobi valvantacha vistar thambavane haah aahe. matra, mothya pramanat zaade lavlyanantar (75 takkyanparyant) nasht hott asalyamule haah prakalp farsa yashasvi hott nahee. 1970 chya dashakapasun chinmadhil vankshetrat 47 dashalaksh hector vaadh jhaali aahe. ekoon vrukshanchi sankhya sumare 35 abj hotee aanee chinchya jaminichya 4.55% bhoobhagamadhye vankshetrat vaadh jhaali. done dashakanpurvi vankshetra 12 takke hote aanee aata teey 16.55% aahe.
havai margane punarvanikaran aanee dhoop niyantran pranali aanee prastavit sahara vann prakalp aanee sagari panyachya haritgruh haah chinsathi eka mahatvakankshi prastav aahe.
pashchimatya deshanmadhye, shashvat paddhatine utpadit aanee kapani kelelya lakud utpadananchi grahakanchi vadhati magani, vann jamindar aanee vann udhyoganna tyanchya vann vyavasthapan aanee lakud kapanichya paddhatinsathi adhikadhik jababdar banavat aahe.
arbor day foundationcha raine forrest bachav karyakram hii eka dharmaday sanstha aahe jee jangaltodi rokhanyasathi madat karate. daan kelelya paishacha vapar daan kelelya sanstha, lakud kampanya tee kharedi karnyapurvi, varshavananchi jameen kharedi karnyasathi aanee jatan karnyasathi karatat. tyanantar arber day foundation jaminiche jangaltodipasun sanrakshn karate. yamule vanbhuminvar vanbhuminvar adim jamatinchya jivanshailila dekhil adthala nirman hoto. samudayik vanikaran aantarrashtriy, thund pruthvi, nisarg sanwardhan, nisargasathi jaagtik nidhi, sanrakshn aantarrashtriy, african sanwardhan sanstha aanee haritdweep yasarkhya sanstha dekhil vann adhivasanchya sanrakshanavar laksh kendrit karatat. visheshtah greenpeacene ajunahi abadhit asalelya jangalanche nakashe dekhil kadhale aahet aanee hii mahitee internetvar prakashit kelee aahe. jaagtik sansadhan sansthene tyaa badalyat, manvi vayapurvi (8000 varshanpurvi) astitvat asalelya jangalanche praman aanee sadhyachi (qamee jhaleli) jangalanchi patali darshavnara eka sopa vishayshastriy nakasha tayar keela aahe. heey nakashe lokanni kelelya nukasanichi durusti karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya vanikaranala chinhankit karatat.
vann lagwad.
jagatil lakadachi magani midvinyasathi, vann lekhak botkins aanee sedjo yanchya matey, uchch utpadan denari vann lagwad yogya aahe asey suchavale jaate. varshala prati hector 10 ghanmeter utpadan utpann lagvadimule jagatil vidyaman vankshetrachya 5 takke vyaparachya drushtine purese lakud upalabdh hoil. yaulat, naisargik jangale prati hector sumare 1-2 ghanmeter utpadan detat; tyamule magani purn karnyasathi 5-10 putt jaast vanbhumichi aavashyakta bhasel. vanpal chadd oliverne sanwardhan kelelya jaminisah uchch utpann utpann vankshetrasaha vankshetrache eka mozek suchavale aahe.
vruksharopan vananmadhye sumare 13 kotee 10 laakh hector kshetra vyapale aahe, jeey jaagtik vann kshetrachya 3 takke aanee lagwad kelelya jangalanchya ekoon kshetrafalachya 45 takke aahe.
jaagtik staravar, 1990 teey 2015 darmyan ekoon vankshetrachya 4.1 takkyanvarun 7 takkyanparyant lagwad keleli jangale vadhali. 2015 madhye lagwad keleli jangale 28 kotee hector jhaali, jee gelya daha varshant sumare 4 kotee hector itaki vaadh aahe. jaagtik staravar, lagwad kelelya jangalanmadhye sumare 18 takke videshi kinwa parichay jhalelya prajati aahet tarr urvarit tyaa jyaa deshat lagwad kelya jaatat tyaa deshatil mool prajati aahet.
vruksharopan vanancha sarvadhik vaataa dakshin americet aahe, jithe haah vann prakar ekoon lagwad-vann kshetrapaiki 99 takke aanee ekoon vann kshetrapaiki 2 takke pratinidhitva karato. lagwad kelelya jangalancha sarvat qamee vaataa europemadhye aahe, jithe teey lagwad kelelya vankshetrachya 6 takke aanee ekoon vankshetrachya 0.40 takke pratinidhitva karate. jaagtik staravar, 44 takke vruksharopan jangale pramukhyane parichay jhalelya prajatinni banaleli aahet. pradeshanmadhye mothe farak aaheth udaharanarth, uttar aanee madhya americetil vruksharopan jangalanmadhye bahutek sthanik prajati asatat aanee dakshin americetil jangalanmadhye jawaljawal purnapane parichay jhalelya prajati asatat.
dakshin america, oshiniya aanee purv aanee dakshin aafriket lagwad kelelya jangalanmadhye anukrame 88 takke, 75 takke aanee 65 takke prajatinche varchasva aahe. uttar america, paschim aanee madhya ashiya aanee europemadhye lagvaditil parichay jhalelya prajatinche praman ropachya ekoon kshetrafalachya anukrame 1 takke, 3 takke aanee 8 takke itake khoopach qamee aahe.
lagwad jangale sakholpane vyavasthapit kelee jaatat, eka kinwa done prajatinni banaleli, summ-vay asaleli, niyamit antarane lagwad kelee jaatat aanee pramukhyane utpadanaksham hetunsathi sthapit kelee jaatat. itar lagwad keleli jangale, jyat serve lagwad kelelya jangalanpaiki 55 takke aahet, tyanche sakhol vyavasthapan kele jaat nahee aanee tee paripakvatechya velee naisargik jangalasarkhi asoo shakatat. itar lagwad kelelya jangalanchya uddeshanmadhye parisansthechi punarsthapana aanee maatee aanee panyachya mulyanche sanrakshn yancha samavesh asoo shakato.
aafrikechya paschim paschim senegal deshat, yuvakanchya netrutvakhalil chalvaline 60 lakhanhun adhik kharfutichi zaade lavnyas madat kelee aahe. hii zaade sthanik gavanna vadalachya nukasanipasun vachavatil aanee sthanik vanyajeevanna adhivas pradan kartil. haah prakalp 2008 madhye suru jhaala aanee aadhich senegal sarkarla naveen kharfutichya jangalanche sanrakshn karnare niyam aanee kayade sthapit karnyas sanganyat aale aahe.
vann sanrakshanachi tulana.
european aayogasah sanshodhakanna asey aadhalale qee, paryavaran sevanchya babatit, jangaltodila nantar punha jangaltod karnyas parvanagi denyapeksha jangaltodi talhane changle aahe, kaaran pahile mhanje I.aaa. jaivavividhateche nuksan aanee matiche avmoolyan yaa babatit aparivartaniy parinam. shivay, tarun boriyal jangalat jaminitun varsa carbon sodanyachi shakyata jaast aahe. ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavananchya nukasanamule honare jaagtik haritgruh vayoo utsarjan 2019 chya aaspasparyant lakshaniyaritya qamee kele gele asave. yavyatirikt, vidyaman jangale abadhit thevanyapeksha bhavishyat aii. eff.-kinwa punarvanayan parinam adhik door asateel. ushnakatibandhiy jangalanmadhil paripakv zadanmule aanee tyamule jangaltodi maryadit karnyamule honare carbon pruthakkaran fayade jaagtik tapmanvadhiche fayade mhanoon prakat honyasathi khoop jaast-anek dashake lagatat. mackie aanee dooley heey 'karbanyukt aanee dirghkal dirghkal parisansthanche, visheshtah naisargik jangalanche sanrakshn aanee punarprapti' haah pramukh hawaman upay manatat.
lashkari sandarbh.
lashkari karane.
manvi loksankhyesathi krishi aanee shahari vaparachya maganimule jangaltodiche pradhanya asale taree lashkari karane dekhil ghuskhori karoo shakatat. yu. ess. madhye janivpurvak kelelya jangaltodiche eka udaharan.ess. 1945 madhye dusare mahayuddha sampalyanantar germanytil kabja kshetra. shityuddha suru honyapurvi, parabhoot germanyla bhavishyatil sambhavya mitrapakshapeksha bhavishyatil sambhavya dhoka manale jaat asey. yaa dhokyacha samna karnyasathi, vijayi mitrarashtranni german audhyogik kshamata qamee karnyache prayatna kele, jyapaiki jangale eka ghatak manali jaat hotee. yuu madheel srot.ess. sarkarne kabool kele qee yacha uddesh "german jangalanchya yuddh kshamatecha antim naash" haah hota. saaf-saaf kapanichya prathecha parinam mhanoon, jangaltodicha parinam jhaala jyachi jaaga kadachit eka shatkatil dirghkal chalalelya vanikaran vikasane ghetali jaau shakate.
yuddhatil mohimanmulehi jangaltodi houu shakate. udaharanarth, udaharanarth okinavachya ladhait, bombsfot aanee itar ladhau mohimanmule ushnakatibandhiy bhupradesh "chikhal, shise, kshay aanee khaduchya vishal kshetramadhye" qamee jhaala.
lashkari dalanchya jaanunbujun kelelya davpechanmulehi jangaltodi houu shakate. shakate shatkachya madhyat russian samrajyachya cocksusver yashasvi vijay midvanyat jangale saaf karane haah eka ghatak banala.
britishanni (malay aanibanichya kalat) aanee americene (corian yuddhat aanee vietnam yuddhat) defolientcha (agent aurange kinwa itaransarkhe) vapar keela. vietnam yuddhatil jangalancha naash heey sweedenche pantpradhan olof paam, vakeel, itihaskar aanee itar shikshakansah paryavaranvimanachya sarvat samanya udaharananpaiki eka aahe.
lashkari madat.
aanakhi eka lashkari sandarbh mhanje vann sanrakshanachya uddeshane lashkari tantradnyan, lashkari sanghatana aanee sainyacha vapar. amazonchi jangaltod rokhanyasathi brazil sarkarchya netrutvakhalil karyakramadvare kahee aupcharik rajya lashkari karmchari tainat karnyat aale aahet.

