franklin pears

franklin piercey (23 november 1804-8 aktoobar 1869) heey amerikeche amerikeche rashtradhyaksh hote, 1853 teey 1857 paryant karyarat hote. eka uttarekadil lokshahivadi, jyala asey vatat hote qee nirmulanvadi chalval haah deshachya ektesathi moolbhut dhoka aahe, tyane cances-nebrasca kayadyavar swakshari karoon aanee farar gulam kayadyachi amalbajavani karoon gulamgirivirodhi gatanna door kele. piyarchya adhyakshapadanantar uttar aanee dakshin yanchyatil sangharsh suru rahila aanee 1860 madhye abraham linken adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aalyanantar dakshinekadil rajye vibhakt jhaali, parinami american gruhyuddha jhaale.
pierscha janm nyu hampshiremadhye jhaala. 1833 pasoon sinetchya nivadanukiparyant tyanni pratinidhi sabhagruhat kaam kele, jithe tyanni 1837 pasoon 1842 madhye rajinama deiparyant kaam kele. tyancha khajgi kayada vyavasay yashasvi jhaala aanee tyanna nyu hampshireche yuu mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale.ess. 1845 madhye vakeel. piersney amerikechya sainyat brigadier general mhanoon mexican-american yuddhat bhag ghetala. lokshahivadi lock tyanchyakade uttar aanee dakshinekadil hitsambandhanna ekatra aananara tadjod karnara umedvar mhanoon pahat hote aanee 1852 chya lokshahi rashtriy adhiveshanat 49 vya matpatrikevar tyanna adhyakshapadasathi namankit kele. too aanee dhavnara jodidar william aar. kingne winfield scott aanee william aii yanchya vhig partychya tikitala sahajpane parabhoot kele. 1852 chya rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukit graham.
adhyaksh mhanoon, piersney nagri sevesathi tatasth manakanchi amalbajavani karnyacha prayatna keela, tarr lokshahi pakshachya vividh ghatakanche sanvardhanasah samadhan dekhil kele, haah prayatna mothya pramanat ayashasvi jhaala aanee tyachya pakshatil anekjan tyachya virodhat gele. too eka tarun american vistarvadi hota jyane meksikokadun jameen kharedi karnyachya gadsden kararavar swakshari kelee aanee spainkadoon kyuba midvanyachya ayashasvi prayatnache netrutva kele. tyanni britton aanee japanbarobar vyapar kararanvar tyavar kelya aanee tyanchya mantrimandalane tyanchya vibhaganmadhye sudharana kelya aanee jababdari sudharali, parantu tyanchya adhyakshapadachya kalat rajkiy sangharshane yaa yashanvar padada takala. tyanni cances-nebrasca kayadyala pathimba dilyanantar uttarekadil rajyanmadhye tyanchi lokpriyata zapatyane qamee jhaali, jyamule misauri tadjod radd jhaali, tarr anek dakshinekadil goryanche tyanna samarthan suruch rahile. yaa kayadyachya margamule amerikechya pashchimekadil gulamgirichya vistaravarun hinsak sangharsh jhaala. piercechya prashasanache aanakhi nuksan jhaale jevha tyachya anek mutsadyanni kyubachya vilinikaranasathi aavahan karnara jahirnama jaaree keela, jyavar jordar teeka jhaali. 1856 chya rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukit lokshahivadyanni tyanna punha namankit karave ashee tyanchi purn apeksha hotee, parantu tyanni tyanna sodoon dile aanee tyancha prayatna ayashasvi jhaala. american yadavi yuddhadarmyan teey rashtradhyaksh abraham linken yanche mukhar tikakar banale, tyamule uttarekadil tyanchi pratishtha aanakhi khalavali.
piercey lokpriy aanee baherche hote, parantu tyanche kautumbik jeevan katheen hote; tyanchi teen mule lahan asatana maran pavali aanee tyanchi patni jaine piercey, tyanchya aayushyatil bahutansh kaal aajarpan aanee nairashyane grast hotee. tyanchya shevatchya jiwant mulacha mrutyu, kutumb pravas karat asatana, piercechya udghatanachya kahee kaal aadhi, railway apghatat jhaala. aayushyatil bahutansh kaal atee madyapan karnara, pears 1869 madhye sirosisamule maran pavala. dakshinela tyane dilelya pathimbyacha parinam mhanoon, tasech sangharshachya velee sangh ekatra rakhanyat ayashasvi tharalyamule, itihaskar aanee vidwan samanyatah 'yu' yaa sarvat white aanee sarvat qamee smaraneey asha padanpaiki eka mhanoon 'yu' asey sambodhatat.ess. adhyaksh.
prarambhik jeevan aanee kutumb.
balpan aanee shikshan.
franklin piyarcha janm 23 november 1804 roji nyu hampshirechya hillsburo yetheel eka logg kebinmadhye jhaala. too thomas pierscha sahavya pidhicha vanshaj hota, joou sumare 1634 madhye englandmadhil norwich, norphoke yethoon massatusates beey colonymadhye sthalantarit jhaala hota. tyache vadil benjamin heey american krantikari yuddhatil leftnunt hote, jeey yuddhanantar massatucets chamesford yethoon hillsburo yethe jameen kharedi karnyasathi gele. benjamin aanee tyachi dusari patni annah kendrick yanchya aath mulanpaiki pachva mulga piercey hota; tyachi pahili patni elizabeth andrews hii prasutidarmyan maran pavali aanee eka mulgi sodoon gelee. benjamin heey eka pramukh lokshahi-prajasattak rajyache aamdar, shetkari aanee bhojanalay-rakshak hote. piercechya balpanat, tyache vadil rajyachya rajkaranat kholvar guntalele hote, tarr tyache done mothe bhau 1812 chya yuddhat ladhale; asha prakare sarvajanik vyavhar aanee lashkar yancha tyachya suruvatichya aayushyat motha prabhav hota.
piercechya vadilanni tyachya mulanche shikshan sunishchit kele aanee balpanat hillsburo center yetheel shalet pires thewale aanee vayachya 12 vya varshi tyala hancock yetheel tauun skoolmadhye pathavale. shaley shikshanachi aavad naan jhalyane, pires gharee jaau lagla aanee eka ravivari tyachya gharee parat gela. tyachya vadilanni tyala ratriche jevan dile aanee tyala urvarit marg vadalat chalanyache aadesh denyapurvi tyala kahee antaravar shalet parat nele. piercey yanni nantar yaa kshanacha ullekh "majhya aayushyatil nirnayak tappa" assa keela. tyaa varshachya uttaradhat, mahavidhyalayin tayarisathi tyanchi phillips exeter akadamimadhye badali jhaali. toparyant, tyane eka aakarshak vidyarthi mhanoon pratishtha nirman kelee hotee, jyala kadhikadhi gairvartan honyachi shakyata hotee.
1820 chya sharad rutumadhye, 19 navshikyanpaiki eka asalelya, myanechya brunswick yetheel bodoin mahavidhyalayat piersene pravesh ghetala. jonathan siilii (nantar congressmadhye nivadoon aalela) aanee nathaniel hothorn yanchyasobat teey ethanian society yaa purogami sahityik samajat sameel jhaale, jyanchyashi tyanni kayamswarupi maitri kelee. done varshannantar too tyachya vargat shevatcha hota, parantu tyane tyache guna sudharanyasathi kathor parishram ghetale aanee 1824 madhye 14 vya padvidhar vargat pachvya sthanavar padvidhar jhaala. johnn pii. helane piercechya kanishth varshat bodoinmadhye pravesh ghetala; too piercecha aanee nantar tyacha pratispardhicha rajkiy mitra banala. piersney tyanchya kanishth varshat bodoin cadets navachya anadhikrut lashkari companyche aayojan aanee netrutva kele, jyat siilii aanee hothorn yancha samavesh hota. yaa aavajachya aavajamule tyanni too thambavanyachi magani kelee jaiparyant, unitne rashtrapatinchya nivassthanajavalachya parisarat kavayati kelee. vidyarthyanni bund kele aanee sampavar gele, hii eka ashee ghatana hotee jee bhedakpane pudhe jaat asalyacha sanshay hota. bodoinmadhil tyachya shevatchya varshat, tyane grameen hebron, maine yetheel hebron akadamimadhye adhyapan karnyat anek mahine ghalavale, jithe tyane tyacha pahila pagar midavala aanee tyachya vidyarthyanmadhye bhavee congress sadasya johnn jeey. peree.
nyu hampshirechya portsmouth yetheel kautumbik mitra, nyu hampshireche majee governor levy woodbury yanchyasobat piersene kayadyache sankshipt vachan kele. tyanantar tyanni massatucets northampton yetheel northampton low skoolmadhye eka satra vyateet kele, tyanantar 1826 aanee 1827 madhye nyu hampshirechya emherst yetheel nyayadhish edmond parker yanchya margdarshanakhali abhyasacha kalavadhi vyateet keela. 1827 chya uttaradhat tyanna nyu hampshire barmadhye dakhal karnyat aale aanee tyanni hillsboromadhye sarav karnyas suruvat kelee. too tyacha pahila khatala harla, parantu lavkarach too vakeel mhanoon saksham siddha jhaala. kadhihi kayadeshir vidwan nasatanahi, nave aanee aanee tyanchya smaranshaktine tyanchi changli seva kelee, tasech tyanche vaiyaktik aakarshan aanee khol aavajane tyanchi changli seva kelee. hillsberomadhye, tyacha kayada bhagidar albert bekar hota, jyane piyarsmadhye kayadyacha abhyas keela hota aanee too merrie bekar edicha bhau hota.
hillsboro aanee rajya rajkaran.
1824 paryant, nyu hampshire heey pakshapatipanache kendra hote, jyat woodbury aanee isaq hiill sarkhya vyaktinni general andreau jacksonchya samarthanarth democratschya pakshachi payabharani kelee. tyanni vidyaman adhyaksh johnn quincy addams yanchya netrutvakhalil prasthapit sangharajyavadyanna (aanee tyanche uttaradhikari, rashtriy prajasattak) virodh keela. march 1827 madhye jevha tyanche jackson samarthak umedvar benjamin piersney admus samarthak gatacha pathimba midavala aanee nyu hampshireche rajyapal mhanoon binvirodh nivadoon aale, tevha nyu hampshire democratic partyche kaam yashasvi jhaale. tarun pears vakeel mhanoon karkird ghadavanyasathi nighala hota, parantu edams aanee jackson yanchyatil 1828 chya adhyakshiy nivadanuka jawal yetach too purnapane rajkaranachya kshetrat aala. march 1828 madhye jhalelya rajya nivadnukanmadhye, addam gatane benjamin piercela dilela pathimba mage ghetala, tyanna padavarun hatvale, parantu franklin piersney tyanchi pahili nivadanuk jinkley, hillsberochya nagar sabheche madhyasth mhanoon eka varshachi mudat, jyaa padavar teey paach vela punha nivadoon aale.
nyu hampshirecha parabhav jhaala asala taree november 1828 chya nivadanukit jilha aanee desh yaa donhi kshetranna mothya farkane farkane jacksonchya vatine piyarasne tyachya jeelhyat sakriyapane prachar keela. yaa nikalamule lokshahi paksh aanakhi majboot jhaala aanee pudhchya varshi nyu hampshire haus auph representativesmadhye hillsburoche pratinidhitva karat, piersney tyachi pahili vidhimandalachi jaaga jinkley. pierceche vadil punha rajyapal mhanoon nivadoon aale aanee tyaa karyakalanantar teey nivrutt jhaale. 1829 madhye kanishth piercela gruh shikshan samitiche adhyaksh mhanoon aanee pudhchya varshi shaharanvaril samitiche adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. 1831 paryant lokshahivadi lokankade vidhimandalat bahumat hote aanee piercey heey sabhagruhache adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale. tarun vaktyane bankingchya vistarala virodh karnyasathi, rajyachya sainyache sanrakshn karnyasathi aanee rashtriy lokshahivadi aanee jacksonchya punarnirvachanachya prayatnanna pathimba denyasathi aaplya manchacha vapar keela. vayachya 27 vya varshi teey nyu hampshire democratic partyche starr hote. suruvatichya rajkiy aanee vyavsayik yash prapt karoonahi, tyanni tyanchya vaiyaktik patranmadhye tyanchya avivahitpanacha shoke vyakt karane suru thewale aanee hillsberochya palikade ayushya jaganyachi ichcha vyakt kelee.
nyu hampshiremadhil 18 teey 45 vayogatatil serve serve purushanpramanech, piercey heey rajya sainyache sadasya hote aanee 1831 madhye tyanna governor samuel dinsmur yanche sahayyak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. teey 1847 paryant sainyat rahile aanee mexican-american yuddhadarmyan lashkarat brigadier general honyapurvi karnalche padd prapt kele. 1812 chya yuddhanantarchya shantatechya varshanmadhye adhikadhik supt hott gelelya rajya sainyache punarujjivan aanee sudharana karnyat swarasya asalelya piersney norwich vidyapithache adhyaksh, vermontmadhil lashkari mahavidhyalay aanee truman bii. yanchyasobat kaam kele. bharatiche prayatna vadhavanyasathi aanee prashikshan aanee tayari sudharanyasathi khandani aanee alonjo jackman, norwich vidyashakha sadasya aanee lashkari adhikari. piersney 1841 teey 1859 paryant norwich vidyapithache vishvast mhanoon kaam kele aanee tyanna ell. ell. chee manad padvi midali.dii. 1853 madhye norwichpasoon.
1832 chya uttaradhat, democratic pakshachya adhiveshanane nyu hampshirechya yuu. ess. madheel paach jaganpaiki eka jagesathi piercela namankit kele.ess. pratinidhinche sabhagruh. heey tarun lokshahivadisathichya nivadanukisarkhe hote, kaaran rashtriy prajasattak eka rajkiy shakti mhanoon lupt jhaale hote, tarr vigjache chahate ajoon mothya pramanat aakarshit houu lagale navhate. tyaa varshi jhalelya jacksonchya punha jhalelya mothya nivadanukanmule nyu hampshiremadhil lokshahichi takadahi vadhali. nyu hampshire heey rajkiyadrushtya eka alpabhudharak rajya hote, parantu 1832 teey 1850 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant uttar united statesmadhil sarvat vishvasarh lokshahi rajya banale, jyamule piyarchya rajkiy karkirdila chalana midali. piercecha karyakal march 1833 madhye suru jhaala, parantu decembermadhye congresschi baithak hoiparyant aanee tyanche laksh itaratra jaiparyant teey shapath ghenar navhate. tyane alikadech sakharpuda keela hota aanee hillsboro yethe tyache pahile ghar vikat ghetale hote. franklin aanee benjamin piers heey pramukh nagrik hote jyanni rashtradhyaksh jackson yanche 1833 chya madhyat tyanchya tyanchya rajyat swagat kele.
vivah aanee mule.
19 november 1834 roji, piersene lagn kele jaine mhanje appleton (12 march 1806-2 december 1863), hii mandalache mantri jessy appleton aanee elizabeth mhanje elizabeth yanchi mulgi hotee. chhidranchya lokshahi sanlagnatechya ulat, appleton heey pramukh wiggs hote. jaine piercey lajalu, bhaktipurna dharmik aanee swabhavanishth hote, jeey piercela darupasoon door rahnyas protsahit karat hote. tee kahishi aswasth hotee aanee kshayrog aanee mansik aajaranni satat aajari hotee. teela rajkaranacha tiraskar hota aanee visheshtah washington, dii. see. aavadat navhate, jyamule eka tanav nirman jhaala joou peearschya rajkiy chadhaidarmyan suru rahila.
jaine pears yanna hillsboro dekhil aavadat navhata aanee 1838 madhye heey pears rajyachi rajdhani, concard, nyu hampshire yethe sthalantarit jhaale. tyanna teen mule hotee, jeey serve balpanatach maran pavale. franklin junier. (februwari 2-5,1836) balpanatach maran pavale, tarr phrank robbert (august 27,1839-november 14,1843) heey vayachya charvya varshi mahamarichya vishamajvaramule maran pavale. benjamin (13 april 1841-6 janewari 1853) yanche vayachya 11 vya varshi railway apghatat nidhan jhaale.
congresschi karkird.
yuu.ess. pratinidhinche sabhagruh.
november 1833 madhye piers washingtonsathi ravana jhaala.see., jethe jethe united states congressne 2 december roji tyache niyamit adhiveshan bolavale. jacksonchi dusari mudat suru hotee aanee pratinidhi sabhagruhakade majboot lokshahi bahumat hote, jyanche prathamik laksh united stateschya karananya bankela punha chaloo honyapasoon rokhane hote. piersberoberch lokshahivadyanni navyane sthapan jhalelya vhig partyne samarthit kelelya prastavanna parabhoot kele aanee bankeche sanade kalbahya jhaale. sanghiy paishane antargat sudharanansathi nidhi puravanyasathi lokshahi vidheyakancha virodh karat, piercey kahee prasangi aaplya pakshatoon baher padale. antargat sudharana hii rajyanchi jababdari asalyane, banq aanee payabhoot suvidha yaa donhi kharchankade tyanni asanvaidhanik manale. piercechi pahili mudat vidhimandalachya drushtikonatun baryapaiki anpekshit hotee aanee march 1835 madhye teey sahajpane punha nivadoon aale. washingtonmadhye nastana, teey tyanchya kayadyachya sarawala upasthit rahile aanee december 1835 madhye chovisavya kongresasathi rajdhanit paratale.
1830 chya dashakachya madhyat nirmulanvad adhik tivra hott asatana, americet gulamgirivar nirbandh ghalanyasathi kayada karanyachi magani nirman gulamgirivirodhi gatanchya yachikanni congress bharali gelee. suruvatipasunach, pears yanna nirmulanvadyanche 'aandolan' eka santapajanak vatale aanee jaree teey gulamgirichya naitik virodhi hote, taree gulamgiriviruddhachya federal karvaikade dakshinekadil rajyanchya hakkanche ullanghan mhanoon pahile. aaplya rajkiy virodhakanna papi mhanoon mhanoon nirmulanvadyanchya "dharmik dharmandhate" neey dekhil too nirash jhaala hota. "mea gulamgirila samajik aanee rajkiy white manato", piercey mhanala, "aanee pruthvivar tiche astitva nasave ashee majhi manapasoon ichcha aahe."tarihi, december 1835 madhye tyanni lihile," pratyek buddhiman mansala eka gosht purnapane spasht asayala havee. hii nirmulan chalval chiradoon takali pahije kinwa sangharajyacha ant jhaala pahije."yadavi yuddhanantar, piercescha assa vishvas hota qee jarr uttarane dakshinekadil gulamgiriviruddha aakramakpane aandolan kele nasate, tarr dakshinene akheris swatachya balavar gulamgiricha ant keela asata aanee haah sangharsh" "donhi bajunchya dharmandhanni rashtravar aanala hota".
jevha pratinidhi. dakshin carolinache james heinry hammond yanni gulamgirivirodhi yachika gharchya majalyavar pohochanyapasun rokhanyacha prayatna keela, tathapi, nirmulanvadyanchya yachika dakhal karnyachya adhikarachi bajoo ghetali. taridekhil, piersney gagg niyam mhanoon olakhalya kelya goshtiche samarthan kele, jyane yachika swikaranyachi parvanagi dilee, parantu tyaa vachalya kinwa vicharat ghetalya gelya naheet. 1836 madhye heey ghar paar jhaale. nyu hampshirechya gulamgirivirodhi "swatantryacha ghoshak" yane tyachyavar "doface" mhanoon hallah keela, jyacha duheri arth "utkat-utsahi manus" aanee "dakshinekade sahanubhooti asalela uttarpanthi" assa hota. piers yanni mhatale hote qee 500 paiki eka naveen hampshiri nirmulanvadi navhate; 1830 chya jangananenusar rahivashanchya sankhyenusar vibhajit kelelya tyaa rajyachya yachikanvar yachikanvar sankhya, 'swatantryacha ghoshak' yaa lekhat jodali gelee aanee suchavale qee vastavik sankhya eka-inn-33 hotee. dakshin carolinache sinetara johnn see. yanni jevha pires santap vyakt keela tevha teey santapt jhaale. nyu hampshire heey nirmulanvadache kendra hote yacha purava mhanoon calhounne sinetchya patalavaril lekh vachala. piersney tyala dilelya bhashanat, jyat bahutansh swakshari nirman mahila aanee mule hotya, jyanna matdan karata yet navhate, asey namood kele hote, tyaa uttaranantar calhonne maafee magitali, jyamule 33 paiki eka aakadyavar shanka nirman jhaali.
yuu.ess. synet.
meey 1836 madhye nyu hampshireche governor mhanoon nivadoon aalelya sinetara isaq hiill yanchya rajinamyamule rajya vidhimandalala alpakalin mudat bharnyachi sandhee midali aanee hilacha sinetara mhanoon karyakal march 1837 madhye sampanar asalyane vidhimandalala pudhil sahaa varshancha karyakal dekhil bharava lagla. sinetsathi piercechi umedvari rajya pratinidhi johnn pii. yanni jinkley. hail, bodoinmadhil eka sahkari ethanian. tyanni vadavivadanantar, vidhimandalane hilacha urvarit karyakal bharnyasathi johnn pejchi nivad kelee. december 1836 madhye, march 1837 madhye suru vistaramule purn karyakalasathi piercechi nivad jhaali aanee vayachya 32 vya varshi, teey tyaveli sinetchya itihasatil sarvat tarun sadasyanpaiki eka hote. heey nivadanuk eka katheen velee jhaali, kaaran tyache vadil, baheen aanee bhau heey serve gambhir aajari hote, tarr tyachya patnila dekhil dirghakalin kharab aarogyacha tras hott hota. sinetara mhanoon, too tyacha juna mitra nathaniel hothorn yala madat karoo shakala, joou anekada aarthikdrushtya sangharsh karat hota, tyachyasathi boston simashulk sansthet kolasa aanee meeth mojanara mhanoon eka aushadh kharedi karat hota jyamule lekhkala lekhan suru thevanyasathi vel midala.
piersney bahutansh muddyanvar pakshachya reshela matdan kele aanee teey eka saksham synet sadasya hote, parantu prakhyat navhate; calhone, heinry clay aanee daniel webster yaa mahan trikutane, jyanni synetvar varchasva gajavale, tyanchyavar tyancha prabhav padala. padala dahashat suru jhaali hotee, asha aarthik sankatachya velee piercey cinetmadhye pravesh keela. ativikricha atirek aanee andajanchya valvantat" banking vyavasthechya vegwan vadhicha parinam mhanoon tyanni mandila manale. federal paisa sattebajichya banq karjanna pathimba deu naye mhanoon, tyanni navnirvachit lokshahi adhyaksh martin vanne beurane aanee swatantra koshagar tayar karnyachya tyanchya yojanela pathimba deela, joou eka prastav lokshahi paksh vibhajit karat hota. congressmadhye gulamgirivar vaad suru rahila aanee nirmulanvadyanni kolambiya jeelhyat tyacha ant prastavit keela, jithe congressche adhikarkshetra hote. yaa prastavaviruddha calhone kelelya tharawala piersene pathimba deela, joou rashtravyapi muktatesathi eka dhokadayak payari manla jaat hota. darmyan, congresschya balamadhye vigs vadhat hote, jyamule dashakachya akheris piyarchya pakshala keval thode bahumat midale.
vichhedan karnyasathi vishesh mahattvacha eka vishay hota lashkar. deshachya urvarit bhagatil padanvaril varishtha sarkari konatahi pratyaksh fayda naan hota washingtonmadhil lashkarachya karmchari karmchari shrenicha vistar nirman vidheykala tyanni aavhan dile. vyavasthemadhye bharpur fasavanuk hotana pahoon tyanni lashkari nivruttivetanat rus ghetala aanee chhattisavya congressmadhye (1839-1841) lashkari nivruttivetanavaril synet samitiche adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. tyaa kshamatet, tyanni junya manalya kelya kinarpattichya killyanaivaji sainyadal aanee halchalinvar laksh kendrit karoon lashkarache aadhunikikaran aanee vistar karnyache aavahan kele.
1840 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit vanne beurenchya punarnirvachanesathi piersney tyachya mool rajyat jordar prachar keela. vidyamanane nyu hampshireche netrutva kele parantu vhig umedvar, lashkari nayak william heinry harrisonkadoon nivadanuk harali. sattavisavya congressmadhye vigsney bahumat midavale. harrison eka mahinyanantar sattevar aalyanantar maran pavala aanee upadhyaksh johnn tylor tyachya jaagi aala. piercey aanee democrats yanni naveen prashasanala aavhan denyasathi, federal karyalayin sarkari hatavanyavar prashnachinh upasthit kele aanee rashtriy bankechya vhig yojananna virodh keela. december 1841 madhye piercey yanni congresscha rajinama denyacha nirnay ghetala, jyachi teey kahee kalapasoon yojana aakhat hote. nyu hampshire democratsney tyanchya rajyache yuu assa aagrah dharala. ess. synet sadasyancha karyakal sahaa varshanchya mudatiparyant maryadit asato, tyamule tyanchi punha nivadanuk honyachi shakyata qamee hotee. tasech, teey alpasankhyak vidhimandalache sadasya asalyabaddal nirash jhaale hote aanee tyancha vel tyanchya kutumbasathi aanee kayadyachya vyavasayasathi samarpit karoo ichchit hote. februwari 1842 madhye cinetmadhye tyanni keleli shevatchi krutee mhanje rajyanna federal nidhi vitarit karnyachya vidheykala virodh karane-tyaeivaji paisa lashkarakade gela pahije assa vishvas thevane-aanee newyork simashulk gruh, jithe vigsney jawaljawal eka varsh lokshahi bhrashtacharacha tapas keela hota parantu konatehi nishkarsh jaaree kele navhate, tyanchya tapasache parinam ughad karnyasathi vigsla aavhan dene.
pakshache nete.
vakeel aanee rajkarani.
sinetmadhun rajinama deunahi, sarvajanik jeevan sodanyacha piyarcha konatahi hetu navhata. samanvay sadhanyachya nirnayamule tyala prakaranansathi adhik sandhee midalya hotya aanee genla adhik majboot samudayik jeevan jagata aale hote. jean hiney ticha lahan mulga phrank aanee tichya navjat benjaminashi piyarchya sinetchya karyakalatil uttaradhat sahmati darshavali hotee aanee yaa vibhaktatemule kutumbavar parinam jhaala hota. darmyan, piersney congresschya suttichya kalat aasa follersobat maganichi pann fayadeshir kayadeshir bhagidari suru kelee hotee. 1842 chya suruvatila pierus punha ekmatane paratala aanee vakeel mhanoon tyachi pratishtha vadhatach gelee. tyache dayalu vyaktimatva, vaktrutva aanee utkrusht smaranshaktisathi olakhale jaanare, chhidra darbarat mothya prekshakanna aakarshit kele. too anekada qamee kinwa vinamobadalya garib lokanche pratinidhitva karat asey.
anek muddyanmule vibhajit jhalelya rajya lokshahi pakshat piercey sahbhagi rahile. pakshachya vyavsayik, shahari shakheche pratinidhitva nirman governor hiill yanni mahamandalanna pathimba denyasathi sarkari sanade vaparnyache samarthan kele, tyanna maryadit dayitva aanee railwaymarg bandhanyasathi pratishthit kshetra yasarkhe visheshadhikar dile. tyanchya pakshachya kattarpanthi "lokofoko" shakhene shetkari aanee itar grameen matdaranche pratinidhitva kele, jyanni samajik karyakram aanee kamgar niyamancha vistar aanee corporate visheshadhikaranvar nirbandh ghalanyachi magani kelee. 1837 chya bhitipoti rajyachi rajkiy sanskruti banka aanee mahamandalambaddal qamee sahishnu jhaali aanee hilala padavarun hatavanyat aale. pires haah tatvikdrushtya kattarpanthi lokanchya jawal hota aanee tyane eka vruttapatrachya malkishi sambandhit kayadeshir vadat tekadichya virodhakache pratinidhitva karnyas anichhene sahmati darshavali-tekadi haravali aanee tyane swatacha kagad sthapan keela, jyache pires heey varanvar lakshya hote.
juuna 1842 madhye piercela rajya lokshahi samitiche adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee pudhchya varshichya rajya nivadanukit tyane rajya vidhimandalacha taba kattarpanthi shakhela ghenyas madat kelee. railway vikas aanee sanyam chalvalisah anek muddyanvar paksh vibhajit rahila aanee tyanche matbhed mitavanyat rajya vidhimandalala madat karnyat piersene pramukh bhoomika bajavali. tyanche pradhanyakram "suvyavastha, sanyam, tadjod aanee pakshatil ekata" heey hote, jeey tyanni rajkiy mudyanvaril tyanchya vaiyaktik matanpeksha pudhe thevanyacha prayatna keela. adhyaksh mhanoon tyanni lokshahi pakshachya ektela khoop mahatva dile aanee gulamgirila virodh karane haah tyanchyasathi dhoka asalyache tyanni pahile.
democratic james keey. 1844 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit polkcha gadad ghodyacha vijay hii bhedak batami hotee, jyanni congressmadhye kaam karat asatana sabhagruhachya majee adhyakshanshi maitri kelee hotee. nivadanukidarmyan piersene polksathi mothya pramanavar prachar keela hota aanee tyaa badalyat polkne tyala nyu hampshiresathy united states vakeel mhanoon niyukt kele. polkche sarvat pramukh kaaran texasche vilinikaran hote, jyaa samasyemule pier aanee tyacha majee sahkari hail, joou aata yuu aahe, yanchyat natyamay phoot padali.ess. pratinidhi. naveen gulam rajyacha samavesh karnyaviruddha hail itka bhavuk jhaala hota qee tyane tyachya matdaranna eka sarvajanik patra lihoon yaa upayala virodh darshavila. piersney pratisad mhanoon, helache congressmadhil aanakhi eka karyakalasathiche namankan radd karnyasathi rajya lokshahi adhiveshan punha ekatra kele. rajkiy vadalachya vadalamule tyacha dirghakalin mitra aanee tyacha kayada bhagidar, joou eka hail samarthak hota, tyaa pakshyanshi asalele sambandh tutale. helane maghar ghenyas nakar deela aanee nyu hampshiremadhil nivadanukisathi bahumatache mutt aavashyak asalyane, pakshachya falanimule gatirodh nirman jhaala aanee sabhagruhachi jaaga rikt jhaali. akheris, vigs aanee helchya swatantra lokshahivadyanni vidhimandalache niyantran ghetale, vhig anthany colby yanna governor mhanoon nivadle aanee hail yanna cinetmadhye pathavale, jyamule tyancha raag futala.
mexican-american yuddh.
sakriy lashkari seva heey payarsasathi dirghkalapasunache swapna hote, jyanni tyanchya tarunyatil tyanchya vadilanchya aanee bhavanchya seveche, visheshtah tyancha motha bhau benjamin aanee johnn mcneil junier yanchya seveche kautuk kele hote., piercechi mothee savatra baheen elizabethcha patee. eka aamdar mhanoon, teey svayamsevak sainyache utkat samarthak hote. swatah eka lashkari adhikari mhanoon, tyanna sainyache mrutdeh gola karnyacha aanee khodanyacha anubhav hota. meey 1846 madhye congressne meksikoviruddha yuddh jaheer kele tevha, jaree adyap konatihi naveen ingland regiment astitvat nasali taree, piyarne lagechach sameel honyasathi swechhene pudhakar ghetala. mexico-american yuddhat ladhanyachi tyanchi aasha heey tyanni polkche mahadhivakta honyacha prastav nakarnyache eka kaaran hote. uttar mexicomadhye general zachari tailorchi pragati mandavali aanee general winfield scotney vera cruzeche bandar tabyat ghenyacha aanee mexico shaharakade jaminivar gaadee chalavanyacha prastav mandala. congressne daha regimentchya nirmitila adhikrut karnare vidheyak manjur kele aanee februwari 1847 madhye piercela truman bii. saha 9 vya payadal regimentcha commander aanee curnell mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. leftnunt curnell aanee sekand-inn-kamand mhanoon khandani.
3 march, 1847 roji, piercela brigadier general mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee aanee general scotchya sainyasathi atirikt tukadichya kamandachi jababdari ghetali, aanee khandani gheuun regimentche netrutva kele. aaplya tukadila ekatra aananyasathi vel havah asatana, junachya akheris, aadhich tabyat ghetalelya vera cruze bandaravar pires pohochala, jithe tyane scotsathichya purvathyasah 2,500 sainikanchi eka kooch tayar kelee. teen aathvadyancha antardeshiy pravas dhokadayak hota aanee augustchya suruvatila, contreraschya ladhaisathi, tyaa lokanni scottachya sainyat sameel honyapurvi anek halle kele. hii ladhai chhidranasathi vinashkari hotih eka hallyadarmyan tyacha ghoda achanak chakit jhaala aanee tyane tyachya kathivar pratham mandee thokali. tyanantar ghoda eka krivhismadhye padala aanee khalee padala, khalee chhedala aanee tyacha gudgha kamkuvat jhaala. yaa ghatanemule too beshuddha padala hota asey vatoo lagale, jyamule eka sainikane karananya konala taree aadnya ghenyas sangitale, "general pier haah eka bhyad bhyad bhyad divasachya karvaisathi pears parat aala, parantu tyachya gudghyala punha dukhapat jhaali, jyamule tyala tyachya mansanchya mage lagane bhag padale; too pakadala jaiparyant, ladhai bahutek vela jinkley gelee hotee.
churubuskochi ladhai jawal yet asatana, scotney barey honyasathi mage chhedanyache aadesh dile. tyane uttar dile, "devachya fayadhyasathi, general, hii shevatchi mothee ladhai aahe aanee mallah majhya brigedache netrutva karave lagel."scotney haar manali aanee tyachya kathila bandhalelya ladhait chhed pravesh keela, parantu tyachya payatil vedna itakya mothya jhalya qee too maidanavar nighun gela. americananni ladhai jinkley aanee vichchhedanane yuddhaviramasathi vataghati karnyas madat kelee. tyanantar too punha aaplya sainyadalavar niyantran midvat urvarit mohimedarmyan tyache netrutva karat rahila, akheris septemberchya madhyat mexico shahar tabyat ghenyat bhag ghetala, jaree tyachya sainyadlala bahutansh ladhaisathi rakheev thevanyat aale hote. mexico shaharatil bahutansh ladhait, too tivra atisarane grast asalelya aajari tamboot hota. teen mahinyanchya shaharavaril aakramanachya kalat, pier aaplya brigedchya adhipatyakhali rahila; shantata vataghati thambalyabaddal nirash houn tyane scott aanee itar senapatinmadhil satatchya sangharshapasun swatahla door thevanyacha prayatna keela.
december december uttaradhat piercela shevati sahmatine paratanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. tyachya mool rajyat tyache nayakache swagat karnyat aale aanee tyane sainyatoon rajinama deela, jyala 20 march 1848 roji manjuri denyat aalee. tyachya lashkari karnamyanni nyu hampshiremadhye tyachi lokpriyata vadhavali, parantu tyachya dukhapati aanee tyanantarchya yuddhatil trasanmule bhyadpanache aarop jhaale jeey tyala dirghkal zakoon thewel. tyane eka senapati mhanoon, visheshtah vera cruze yethoon jhalelya suruvatichya koochmadhye, kshamata dakhavun dilee hotee, parantu tyacha alpakalin karyakal aanee tyachya dukhapatimule itihaskaranna lashkari senapati mhanoon tyachya kshamatecha nyayniwada karnyasathi phaar qamee vav urala.
eulysis ess. yuddhadarmyan pratyakshapane chhidra pahanyachi sandhee midalelya grantne, chhidrachya mrutyunantar anek varshanni lihilelya tyachya aatmacharitranmadhye bhyadpanachya aaropanna pratyuttar dileh "samanya chhidrachi patrata adhyakshapadasathi jee kahee asel, tee eka sajjan aanee dhadsi vyakti hotee. mea rajkiyadrushtya tyacha samarthak navhato, parantu itar konatyahi svayamsevak senapatinpeksha mea tyala adhik jawalun olakhat hoto."
nyu hampshire kadey parat jaa.
samanjsyakade paratatana, piersney aapali kayadyachi pratha punha suru kelee; eka ullekhaneey prakaranat tyane thartharnyanchya dharmik swatantryacha bachav keela, dweepkalpiy panthachya durupyogachya aaropanvar kayadeshir karvaichi dhamki dilee. matra, pakshaneta mhanoon tyanchya bhoomikene tyanche sarvadhik laksh vedhoon ghetale. gulamgirivirodhi aanee yuddhala virodh nirman sinetara hail yanchyashi tyanni vaad suru thewala, jyaa bhoomika anavashyak aandolan manalya jaatat.
mexican mothya jaminichya hastantaranane amerikeche rajkiy vibhajan kele, uttarela anekanni tethe gulamgirila parvanagi deu naye assa aagrah dharala (aanee tee sunishchit karnyasathi wilmot parantuk deu kele), tarr itaranna misaurichya 36°30′n chya tadjod reshechya uttares bandee ghalanari gulamgiri havee hotee. donhi prastav anek dakshinekadil lokansathi shapdayak hote aanee yaa vadamule lokshahivadi vibhajit jhaale. 1848 chya lokshahi rashtriy adhiveshanat, bahusankhyanni majee mitchigan synet sadasya louis cass yanna adhyakshapadasathi namankit kele, tarr alpasankhyakanni majee adhyaksh vanne beurane yanna pathimba dett mukt maatee paksh honyasathi todale. vigsney louisianian general zachari tailorchi nivad kelee, jyachi bahutek rajkiy muddyanvaril matey adnyat hotee. vanne burenla purvi pathimba asoonahi, piersney casela pathimba deela, mokalya matichya tikitavar karananya sthanasathicha shant prastav nakarla aanee itka prabhavi hota qee adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aalelya tellerla nyu hampshiremadhye konatyahi rajyatil tyachya sarvat qamee takkevarivar thevanyat aale.
senator heinry clay, eka wig, gulamgiricha prashna 1850 chya tadjod mhanoon olakhalya kelya prastavanchya sanchasah sodavanyachi aasha balgoon hota. yamule uttar aanee dakshinela vijay milel aanee tyachya sahkari wig, webstercha pathimba milel. heey vidheyak cinetmadhye thambalyane, eleanoyche sinetara stephen aii. douglessney tyache vegvegalya upayayojananmadhye vibhajan karnyacha yashasvi prayatna keela jenekarun pratyek aamdar ekoon packagela dhoka naan patkarat tyachya rajyane virodh kelelya bhaganchya virodhat matdan karoo shakel. vidheyke manjur jhaali aanee adhyaksh millard fillmore (jeey 1850 chya suruvatila rashtrapatinchya mrutyunantar tailorche uttaradhikari jhaale hote) yanni tyavar tyavar kelya. december 1850 madhye, 'union' sathee swatahla vachan dett, eka changla pratisad midalele bhashan dett, piersene yaa tadjodila jordar pathimba deela. shashvat millen!"tyach mahinyat, governorsathiche lokshahi umedvar johnn etwood yanni tadjodila virodh karnare patra jaaree kele aanee pires yanni rajya adhiveshan mage ghenyas aanee tikitavarun etwood kadhoon taknyas madat kelee. yaa apayshala tond dett anek sharyati haralelya lokshahivadyanchya nivadanukit tadjod jhaali; tarihi, piercechya pakshane rajyavar aapale niyantran kayam thewale aanee aagami rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukisathi teey changlya sthiteet hote.
1852 chya nivadanuka.
1852 chee rashtrapatipadachi nivadanuk jawal yet asatana, gulamgirichya muddyavar lokshahivadi vibhajit jhaale hote, jaree mukt maatee paksh sthapan karnyasathi vanne beurenkade paksh sodoon gelele bahutek 'barnburners' parat aale hote. 1852 chya lokshahi rashtriy adhiveshanamule gatirodh nirman hoil ashee vyapak apeksha hotee, konatahi pramukh umedvar aavashyak done trutiyansh bahumat midvu shakanar nahee. nyu hampshire democrats, jyat piercecha samavesh hota, tyanni tyanche june shikshak, levy woodbury, jeey toparyant sarvoch nyayalayache sahyogi nyayadhish hote, tyanna tadjodiche umedvar mhanoon pathimba deela, parantu september 1851 madhye woodburychya mrutyune piercechya mitrapakshanna tyala polkchya sachetil sambhavya kaala ghoda mhanoon sadar karanyachi sandhee khulee kelee. nyu hampshire democratsna vatale qee, jyaa rajyat tyanchya pakshane satatyane lokshahi bahumat midavale aahe, tyanni rashtrapatipadachya umedvaracha puravatha keela pahije. itar sambhavya manak dharkanmadhye douglus, cass, newyorkche william marcy, pensylvania james buchanan, texasche samm huston aanee misauriche thomas haart benton yancha samavesh hota.
gruharajyane pathimba deela asala taree, eka dashakapasun padabaher asalyane aanee aaghadichya sharyatit asalelya kheladunchya rashtriy pratishthecha abhav asalyamule, pierusla tyachya namankanat adthalyanna samore jaave lagale. tyanni jahirpane ghoshit kele qee ashee namankane "majhya aavadi aanee ichchhanna purnapane pratikool asateel", parantu nyu hampshire democratschee tyanchya swatachya nivadoon aalelya vyaktila pahanyachi ichcha lakshat gheta, tyanna mahit hote qee tyancha bhavishyatil prabhav tyanchya nivadanuk ladhavanyachya uplabdhatevar avalambun aahe. asha prakare, aaghadiche konihi vijeta houu shakat nahee heey spasht jhalyashivay adhiveshanamadhye tyanche naav nondavale jaanar nahee, yaa samajutisah tyanni shantpane tyanchya samarthakanna tyanchyasathi lobby karanyachi parvanagi dilee. adhiveshan jawal yet asatana dakshinekadil samarthanacha sambhavya paya vistrut karnyasathi, tyanni vadgrast farar gulam kayadyasah 1850 chya tadjodisathi aaplya samarthanacha punaruchchar karnari patre lihili.
baltimoremadhye 1 juuna roji adhiveshan ekatra aale aanee apekshepramane gatirodh nirman jhaala. 3 juuna roji jhalelya 288 pratinidhinchya pahilya matpatrikevar, cassney 116, buchanan 93 assa dawa keela aanee urvarit vikharoon gele, ekahi matane chhed naan karata. pudhil 34 matpatrika paas jhalya, ekahi vijeta jawal aala nahee aanee tarihi chhedasathi ekahi mutt nahee. tyanantar buchananchya sanghane tyanchya pratinidhinna buchananchi apariharyata darshavinyasathi aanee tyachya mageel adhiveshanala ekatra aananyasathi, chhidrasah kirkol umedvaranna matdan karnyas sangitale. virginia, nyu hampshire aanee maine yanni pireskade valalyanantar anek matpatrakanantar yaa naveen yukticha ulata parinam jhaala; urvarit buchanan sainyane marsisathi todane suru kele aanee pires lavkarach samvayaskanmadhye sthanavar hota. hota matpatrikenantar, uttar carolinache congress sadasya james see. dobinane bhedicha anpekshit aanee utkat samarthan dile, jyamule gadad ghodyachya umedwarala pathimbyachi laat usalali. usalali matpatrikevar, piercela sahaa vagalata serve matey midali aanee asha prakare adhyakshapadasathi lokshahi namankan midale. pratinidhinni alabamache sinetara william aar. raja, eka buchanan samarthak, piercecha dhavnara sathidar mhanoon, aanee gulamgirichya muddyavar pudhil "aandolan" nakarnara aanee 1850 chya tadjodila pathimba denara eka munch swikarla.
jevha nyu hampshirela nikalachi mahitee midali, tevha pierusla vishvas thevane katheen jhaale aanee tyachi patni beshuddha padali. franklinchi umedvari yashasvi honar nahee yaa aashene tyancha mulga benjaminne tyachya aaeela patra lihile, kaaran teela washingtonmadhye rahayache nahee heey tyala maheet hote.
vhig umedvar general scott hota, joou meksikomadhil piercecha commander hota; tyacha dhavnara sathidar naudalacha sachiv william aii hota. graham. lokshahivadyanni kelyapramane vhig tyanchya gatanna ekatra aanoo shakale naheet aanee adhiveshanane 1850 chya tadjodichya samarthanasah lokshahivadyanpasun jawaljawal vegale naan karata yenara eka munch swikarla. yamule mukt bhoomidharkanna vhigchya kimmativar nyu hampshireche sinetara hail heey tyanche swatache umedvar ubhe karnyas pravrutt kele. rajkiy matbhedanmule hii moheem kadoo vyaktimatva spardheparyant qamee jhaali aanee 1836 nantar matdaranchi sankhya sarvat khalchya patalivar nenyas madat jhaali; asey charitrakar pieter aii. matra, hii "rashtrapatipadachya itihasatil sarvat qamee romanchak mohimanpaiki eka" hotee. scotkade tyachya aanee vyaspithasathichya gulamgirivirodhi uttarekadil vigschya utsahachya abhavamule nuksan jhaale; 'newyork tribune' chey sampadak horace greely yanni vhig platformbaddal bolatana anekanchya vrutticha saransh deela, 'aamhi tyacha nishedh karato, tyachi amalbajavani karato, tyavar thunkato'.
tyanchya pakshachi najuk ekata bighadanar nahee mhanoon piercey gup rahile aanee tyanchya mitrapakshanna moheem chalavanyachi mubha dilee. umedvaranni padachya shodhat naan yenyachi aanee tyanni vaiyaktik prachar karanyachi pratha tyaveli hotee. piercechya virodhakanni tyala kaithalikavirodhi bhyad aanee madyapi ('anek changlya ladhatichya batalyancha nayak') mhanoon vyangchitrit kele. darmyan, scotney, tyanchya tadjodichya samarthak vyaspithamule fatalelya vigjacha kamkuvat pathimba midavala aanee tyala eka atyant durmil, gairsoyicha pravan sarvajanik vakta asalyache aadhalale. lokshahivadyanna vishvas hotah eka lokpriy ghoshana ashee hotee qee lokshahivadyanni 1852 madhye tyanchya shatrunna 'chhedale', kaaran tyanni 1844 madhye tyanna 'thokale'. 'heey kharey tharale, kaaran scotney keval kentki, tenacy, massatusates aanee vermont jinkale, 42 matdar matey midvat 254 matey midavali. 32 laakh matey padali, piersney 50.9 teey 44.1 takke matey midvat lokpriy matey jinkley. mukt maticha motha gut piercechya rajyatil pratispardhi helsathi todala, jyane 4.9 takke lokpriy matey jinkley. democratsney congressmadhye mothe bahumat midavale.
adhyakshapad (1853-1857).
sankraman aanee railway apghat.
piercey yanni tyanchya adhyakshapadachi suruvat shokat kelee. tyanchya nivadanukinantar kahee aathvadyanni, 6 janewari 1853 roji, nivadoon aalele rashtradhyaksh aanee tyanche kutumb bostenhoon railwayne pravas karat asatana tyanchi qaar rulavarun ghasarali aanee massatucets andoverjaval eka tatbandila khalee ghasarali. franklin aanee jaine pears doghehi bachavale, parantu tyancha ekulata eka mulga, 11 varshiy benjamin, bhagnavsheshat chiradoon maran pavala, tyachya sharirachi jawaljawal shirachhed jhaali. heey bhishan drushya tyachya patnipasoon pears lapavoo shakala nahee. tyanantar tyaa doghannahi tivra nairashyacha samna karava lagla, jyacha adhyaksh mhanoon piyarchya kamgirivar parinam jhaala. train apghat haah tichya patichya uchch padachya swikarasathi aanee ticha pathlag karnyasathi daivi shiksha aahe qaa, assa prashna jaine piercela padala. eka aaee mhanoon tichya apayashabaddal tine 'bennie' chee maafee magnyache eka lamb patra lihile. pratham mahila mhanoon tine tichya pahilya done varshanmadhye samajik karye talhali, 1855 chya naveen varshachya divashi white hausmadhye jhalelya varshik sarvajanik swagat samarambhat mothya sahanubhutisathi tyaa bhoomiket sarvajanik padarpan kele.
udghatanasathi franklin pears nyu hampshirehoon nighun gela tevha jaine piersney tyachyasobat naan jaanyacha nirnay ghetala. tyanantar nivadoon aalela sarvat tarun adhyaksh asalelya piersene baybalvar shapath ghenyaivaji kayadyachya pustakavar aaplya padachi shapath ghenyache nivadle, jase johnn quincy admus vagalata tyachya serve purvavartinni kele hote, jyanni kayadyachya pustakachi shapath ghetali hotee. smrutiprityarth udghatanpar bhashan karnare teey pahile rashtrapati hote. bhashanat tyanni gharat shantata aanee samruddhichya yugache kautuk kele aanee tumhala jordarpane aavahan kele.ess. naveen pradeshanchya "atyant mahattvachya" adhigrahanasah tyachya paradeshi sambandhanmadhil hitsambandh. "majhya prashasanache dhoran, vistaramule vistaramule vaitpanachya konatyahi bhitidayak purvasuchananmule vichalit honar nahee", asey naveen adhyaksh mhanale."gulami" haah shabd talhat, tyane "mahattvachya vishayala" vishranti denyachya aanee shantatapurn aikya rakhanyachya tyachya ichhevar bharr deela. tyanni tyanchya swatachya vaiyaktik shokantikecha ishara dett gardila sangitale, "tumhi mallah majhya kamkuvatpanat bolavale aahe, tumhi mallah tumchya samarthyane sambhalale pahije."
prashasana aanee rajkiy sangharsh.
aaplya mantrimandalachya niyuktyanmadhye, vijay falanvar vaad vaad pakshala ekatra aananyacha prayatna piercey yanni keela. pakshatil bahutansh lokanni moolatah umedvarisathi tyanna pathimba deela navhata aanee kahinni sthanik nivadnukanmadhye vijay midvanyasathi free soil partishi yutee kelee hotee. piercey yanni pakshachya pratyek gatala kahee niyuktya denyacha nirnay ghetala, agadi jyanni 1850 chya tadjodila pathimba deela navhata.
piyarchya serve cabinet namankananna ekmatane manyata denyat aalee aanee sinetane tyanna lagech dujora deela. piyarasne tyachya karyakalatil pahile kahee aathvade shekado khalchya-stariy federal padanvar vargikaran karnyat ghalavale. heey eka kaam hote, kaaran tyanni pakshachya serve gatancham pratinidhitva karnyacha prayatna keela aanee tyanchyapaiki konachehi purn samadhan houu shakale nahee. pakshapati lokanna tyanchya mitransathi padey midavata aalee naheet, jyamule lokshahi paksh kathavar aala aanee gatanmadhil katuta vadhali. lavkarach, uttarekadil vruttapatranni, piersver tyache sarkar gulamgiri samarthak futiratavadyanni bharalyacha aarop keela, tarr dakshinekadil vruttapatranni tyanchyavar nirmulanvadacha aarop keela.
prashasana samarthak aanee virodhi lokshahivadyanmadhil gatvad zapatyane vadhala, visheshtah newyork democratic pakshat. newyorkche adhik puranmatvadi kathor lokshahivadi kinwa "kathor" heey marcy (jeey rajya sachiv banale) aanee adhik madhyam newyork gut, softshell lokshahivadi kinwa "soft" yanchyashi sambandhit asalelya pier prashasanabaddal kholvar sanshay ghet hote.
buchanan yanni piercela mantrimandal nivadanyasathi uparashtrapati-nivadoon aalelya rajacha sallah ghenyache aavahan kele hote, parantu piersney tase kele nahee-juuna 1852 madhye umedvar mhanoon tyanchi nivad jhalyapasun piercey aanee king yanni sanvad sadhala navhata. 1853 chya suruvatiparyant, raja kshayarogane gambhirpane aajari hota aanee barey honyasathi kyubala gela hota. tyanchi prakruti khalavali aanee congressne eka vishesh kayada manjur keela, jyamule tyanna 24 march roji havanah yetheel american vanijyadutapudhe shapath ghenyachi parvanagi midali. gharich marnar asalyane, teey 17 april roji alabama yetheel tyanchya baget paratale aanee karananya divashi tyanche nidhan jhaale. rashtrapatipadache padd, peearschya urvarit karyakalasathi rikt rahile, kaaran tatkalin sanvidhanat rikt jaaga bharnyasathi konatihi tartud navhati. yaa vistarit riktatecha arth assa hota qee, jawaljawal sampoorn piyarchya adhyakshapadasathi, sinetche hangami adhyaksh, suruvatila misauriche david echison, adhyakshapadachya pudhil kramankavar hote.
piers yanni tyanchya purvavartinpeksha adhik karyaksham aanee jababdar sarkar chalavanyacha prayatna keela. tyachya mantrimandalatil sadasyanni nagri seva parikshanchi prarambhik pranali lagoo kelee, teen dashakannantar parit jhalelya pendleton kayadyacha agradoot, jyane yuu. ess. madheel bahutek padanna anivarya kele.ess. sarkarla gunvattechya aadhare puraskar deela pahije, aashray nahee. sachiv robbert mcclelland yanni antargat vibhagat sudharana kelee, jyanni tyache karya paddhatshir kele, kagadi nondicha vapar vadhavala aanee fasavanukicha pathpurava keela. yu. aii. chee bhoomika vadhavane hii piyarchya aanakhi eka sudharana hotee.ess. federal nyayadhish aanee vakilanchya niyuktisathi mahadhivakta, jeey nyay vibhagachya antim vikasasathi eka mahattvache paul hote. sarvoch nyayalayat eka jaaga rikt hotee-fillmore, tyachya namnirdeshitansathi sinetchi pushti midvanyat ayashasvi jhalyane, navyane nivadoon aalelya louisiana synet sadasya juda pii. benjamin, jyane nakar deela hota. piersene benjaminla dekhil jaaga deu kelee aanee jevha louisian tyachya nakarat thaam rahila, tevha tyaeivaji rajyanchya hakkanche vakeel johnn archibald campbelle yanna namankit kele; hii piercechi sarvoch nyayalayatil ekmev niyukti asel.
aarthik dhoran aanee antargat sudharana.
piercey yanni koshagar sachiv james guthri yanchyavar koshagarat sudharana karnyacha aarop keela, jyache vyavasthapan akaryakshampane kele jaat hote aanee anek asthir khaatee hotee. guthri yanni koshagar karmchari aanee shulk gola nirmanamvarr dekhrekh vadhavali, jyapaiki barech jann sarkarkadoon paise rokhoon thevat hote. khajinyat nidhi thevanyachi aavashyakta asalelya kayadyannantarhi, mothya thevi khajgi bankanmadhye, atidaksh prashasanakhali rahilya. guthreene haah nidhi parat midavala aanee bhrasht bhrasht khatala chalavanyacha prayatna keela, jyat sammishra yash midale.
yuddh sachiv jefferson davis yanni, piercechya vinantivarun, deshbharatil sambhavya aantarkhandiy railway marganchya bhaugolik abhiyantyanchya dalane kelelya sarvekshananche netrutva kele. lokshahi pakshane tyanni kalapasoon antargat sudharanansathi sanghiy viniyog nakarla hota, parantu devisla vatale qee asha prakalpala ghatanatmak rashtriy suraksheche uddisht mhanoon nyayya tharavata yeu shakate. devisne kolambiya jilhyatil bandhkam prakalpanvar dekhrekh thevanyasathi, united states capitolcha vistar aanee washington smarakachya imaratisah, abhiyantyanchya lashkari tukadyanna dekhil tainat kele.
pararashtra aanee lashkari vyavhar.
pier prashasanane vistarvadi yuva america chalvalishi yutee kelee, marcy yanni rajya sachiv mhanoon jababdari sweekarli. marcine jagasamor eka vishisht american, prajasattak pratima sadar karnyacha prayatna keela. tyane eka paripatrak jaaree kele jyat yu. chee shifaras kelee gelee.ess. mutsaddi europechya nyayalayanmadhye paridhan kelya kelya vistrut mutsaddi ganveshanaivaji 'american nagarikacha sadha poshakh' ghalatat aanee teey keval vanijya dutavasanmadhye kaam karnyasathi american nagarikanna kamavar thevatat. marsine, jyala jyala madhyat austriyan sarkarne paradeshat pakadale hote, tyala yu. ess. bananyacha tyacha hetu asoonahi, tyacha bachav nirman 73 pananchya patrasathi aantarrashtriy stutee midali.ess. nagrik.
dakshin aantarkhandiy margache samarthak davis yanni sambhavya relvemargasathi jameen kharedi karnyasathi railwayche mothe adhikari james gadsden yanna mexicola pathvanyasathi pierusla patvoon dile. gadsdenver gwadalupe hidalgochya tahatil tartudimbabat punha vataghati karnyacha aaropahi thevanyat aala hota, jyasathi yuu.ess. nyu mexico pradeshatoon mexicomadhye mool american halle rokhanyasathi. gadsdenne december 1853 madhye meksikoche adhyaksh antonio lopez dii santa annah yanchyashi karar keela aanee amerikechya nairutyela mothee jameen kharedi kelee. vilyam walkerchya meksikomadhil anadhikrut mohimemule vataghati jawaljawal rulavarun ghasaralya hotya aanee tyamule yuu. varr aarop karnyacha eka cull samavisht karnyat aala hota.ess. bhavishyatil asha prayatnanshi ladha dene. congressne aata dakshin arizona aanee dakshin nyu mexicocha bhag asalelya pradeshat gadsden kharedi qamee kelee; kimmat $15 dashalakshavarun $1 kotiparyant qamee karnyat aalee. congressmadhye khajgi nagarikansathi sanrakshn kalam dekhil samavisht hote, albert jee. slue, jyache hitsambandh kharedimule dhokyat aale hote. khajgi udyogala chalana denyasathi federal sarkarchya vaparala piercey yanni virodh keela aanee kararachya antim aavruttila manyata dilee nahee, jyala tarihi manyata denyat aalee. yaa adhigrahanane nantarche kirkol samayojan vagalata, sanlagn sanyukt rajyanna tyachya sadhyachya simanvar aanale.
british shahee naudalachya canadachya pradeshik jalkshetrachya vadhatya amalbajavanimule american machchimar naraj asalyane gret brittenberoberchya sambandhanna todga kadhanyachi garaj hotee. marcine washingtonche british mantri johnn crampton yanchyashi vyapar paraspar karar purn keela, jyamule british kinarpatti amalbajavanichi garaj qamee jhaali. naveen kararala pathimba denyas santh asalelya british sarkarvar dabav taknyasathi buchanan yanna mantri mhanoon londonla pathvanyat aale. august 1854 madhye eka anukool parasparsanvad karar manjur karnyat aala, joou canadachya american vilinikaranakade pahile paul mhanoon pahila gela. tarr prashasanane canada-yuu varr brittenshee vataghati kelya.ess. border, yuu.ess. madhya ameriketahi hitsambandh haah eka muddah hota, jithe 1850 chaa clayton-balvar taha gret brittenla yaa pradeshat aapala prabhav vadhavanyapasun rokhanyat ayashasvi tharala hota. yaa pradeshatil britanpeksha adhik fayda midvane haah piyarchya vistarvadi uddishtancha eka mahattvacha bhag hota.
americetil british vanijyadutanni tatasthatechya kayadyache ullanghan karoon 1854 madhye crimean yuddhasathi american lokanchi bharati karnyacha prayatna keela aanee akheris piersney mantri crampton aanee teen vanijyadutanchi hakalpatti kelee. rashtrapatinna aashchary vatale qee, ingrajanni pratyuttar mhanoon buchananla hakaloon dile nahee. december 1855 madhye congressla dilelya steet auph daad union sandeshat, piercey yanni brittonne clayton-balvar kararache ullanghan kele aahe assa american khatala mandala hota. buchanan yanchya matey, british yaa sandeshane prabhavit jhaale aanee tyanchya dhoranacha punarvichar karat hote. tathapi, buchanan yanna britishanni tyanchi madhya american malmatta sodoon denyat yash aale nahee. canadachya kararala congress, british sansad aanee canadatil vasahatvadi vidhimandalanni manyata dilee.
teen yuu asatana piercechya prashasanane vibhagiy bheeti nirman kelee.ess. europemadhil mutsadyanni spainkadoon kyuba 12 kotee dollarla (yuu. ess. dii.) kharedi karnyachya aanee prastav nakarla gelyas spainkadoon too "hiskavoon ghenyachya" samarthanasathi rashtrapatinkade prastav tayar keela. rajya sachiv marcy yanchya aagrahavar tayar kelelya ostend jahiranamyachya prakashanane, dakshinekadil hitsambandhanna balkati denyasathi gulam-malkicha taba midvanyacha prayatna mhanoon mhanoon uttarekadil lokancha tiraskar keela. lokshahi pakshane anekada pathimba dilelya spasht niyatichya vistarvadi dhoranala badnam karnyas yamule madat jhaali.
piyarasne vistar aanee lashkarachya mothya punarrachanela pasanti dilee. yuddh sachiv davis aanee naudal sachiv james see. see sainyasah, naveen tantradnyanacha avalamb karnyas anichha aanee akaryaksham vyavasthapanasah lashkar aanee naudal kharab sthiteet asalyache dobinla aadhalale. chhed prashasanakhali, commodore mathyu see. purvekade vyapar vadhavanyachya prayatnat pereene japanla (moolatah fillmore antargat niyojit upkram) bhet dilee. perila aashiyavar balacha vapar karoon atikraman karayache hote, parantu pears aanee dobinane tyala mutsaddi rahnyasathi dhakalale. pereene japani shogunetashi eka samanya vyapar karar keela jyala yashasviritya manyata denyat aalee. navyane karyanvit jhalelya sahaa vafechya yuddhanaukanpaiki eka asalelya yuu. ess. chya 'merrymack' chey 1856 saalee prakshepan heey piyarchya karyalayatil 'sarvat vaiyaktikaritya samadhankarak' divasanpaiki eka hote.
raktastrav cansas.
vichhedan prashasanadarmyan deshachya samatolasathi sarvat mothe aavhan mhanje cances-nebrasca kayada parit karane. misauripasoon khadkal parvatanparyant aanee texaschya uttarekadun aata canada-yuparyant pasarlelya mothya pramanat asthir asalelya nebrasca pradeshache aayojan karane.ess. seema haah daglasachya pashchimekadil vistarachya yojanancha eka mahattvacha bhag hota. tyala shikago teey california yaa vishal pashchimekadil pradeshatoon jodanara aantarkhandiy railwaymarg havah hota. vasahatisathi pradeshache aayojan karane aavashyak hote kaaran pradeshik sarkarla adhikrut kelyashivay jaminiche sarvekshan kele jaanar nahee kinwa vikrisathi thewale jaanar nahee. gulam rajyanmadhil lock gulamgirichya pashchimatya maryadanvar kadhihi samadhani navhate aanee tyanna vatale qee teey rakt aanee khajinyane kharedi kelelya pradeshanmadhye vistaru shakel jeey anshatah dakshinekadun aale hote. douglus aanee tyachya mitranni pradesh sanghatit karanyachi aanee sthanik vasahati lokanna gulamgirila parvanagi dyaychi qee nahee heey tharvu denyachi yojana aakhali. yamule 1820 madheel misauri tadjod radd hoil, kaaran tyateel bahutansh bhag 36°30 'aine reshechya uttares hota, misauri tadjod' mukt 'manali jaat hotee. haah pradesh uttarekadil bhag, nebrasca aanee dakshinekadil bhag, cansasmadhye vibhagala jaeel aanee apeksha hotee qee cances gulamila parvanagi deil aanee nebrasca karnar nahee. dakshinekadil gulamgiri samarthak rajkarnyanchya drushtine, drushtine tadjodine tadjodi reshechya dakshinekadil pradeshasah california rajyala eka mukt rajya mhanoon swikaroon misauri tadjod aadhich radd kelee hotee.
gulamgirichya muddyavar spashtapane laksh naan deta nebrasca pradesh sanghatit karanyachi pierschee ichcha hotee, parantu heey sadhya karnyasathi daglasla dakshinekadil pureshi matey miloo shakali naheet. yaa vidheykala uttarekadun tivra virodh hoil heey jaanun pears yanna yaa vidheykabaddal shanka hotee. dugglus aanee davis yanni tyala yaa vidheyakache samarthan karnyas patvoon dile. ohayoche sinetara salmon pii. yanchyasarkhya uttarekadil lokanni yala tivra virodh keela. pathlag aanee massatusets sinetara charles sumner, jyanni yaa vidheykachya virodhat uttarekadil lokanchya bhavna ekatra kelya. gadsden kharedi, kyubachya vilinikaranakade vatchal aanee devissarkhya gulamgirit asalelya cabinet sadasyanchya prabhavabaddal uttarekadil lokanna shanka hotee aanee tyanni nebrasca vidheykakade dakshinekadil aakramanacha eka bhag mhanoon pahile. parinami eka rajkiy aag vadal aale jyane piyarchya adhyakshapadache mothe nuksan kele.
bahutek lokshahivadi lokanna vidheykachya bajoone thevanyasathi piercey aanee tyanchya prashasanane dhamkya aanee aashvasne dilee. wiggs vibhagiy reshanvar vibhagale gele; sangharshane tyanna rashtriy paksh mhanoon nasht kele. meey 1854 madhye cances-nebrasca kayada manjur karnyat aala aanee shevati pier presidencychi vyakhya kelee gelee. yaa marganantarchya rajkiy ashantatemule, nativist aanee kaithalikavirodhi american pakshacha alpakalin uday jhaala, jyala anekada naun nottings mhatale jaate aanee republican pakshachi sthapana jhaali.
yaa kayadyavar charcha suru asatana, gulamgirichya mudyavaril donhi bajunchya vasahati lokanni matdanat tyanna havey asalele parinam surakshit karnyasathi pradeshanmadhye ghuskhori kelee. haah kayada sammat jhalyamule gatanmadhye itka hinsachar jhaala qee haah pradesh bleeding cances mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla. misaurimadhun hajaro gulamgiri samarthak simabhakshi lock pradeshik nivadnukanmadhye matdan karnyasathi aale, jaree teey cansasmadhye rahivasi nasale taree tyaa ghatkala vijay midvoon deela. aniyamitata asoonahi piersene nikalala pathimba deela. jevha mukt-rajyakartyanni chhaya sarkar sthapan kele aanee topeka sanvidhanacha masuda tayar keela, tevha piercey yanni tyanchya karyala bandachi krutee mhatale. congresschya tapas samitila tyachi nivadanuk bekaydeshir asalyache aadhalun aalyanantarhi, lokshahivadi varchasva asalelya gulamgiri samarthak vidhimandalala rashtrapatinni manyata dene suru thewale. topeka sarkarchi baithak todanyasathi tyane sanghiy sainya pathavale.
haah kayada paas jhalyanantar bostenmadhye paloon gelelya gulamachya enthanichya jalalelya jakhamanchi japti jhaali. uttarekadil lokanni jaalyanchya samarthanarth morcha kadhala, parantu patratil farar gulam kayadyache palan karnyacha nishchay piersney keela aanee santapt gardi asoonahi jaalalelya vastoo tyachya virginia malkachya tabyat parat aananyasathi federal sainya pathavale.
1854 aanee 1855 chya madhyavadhi congresschya nivadanuka lokshahivadyansathi (tasech shevatchya tappyat asalelya vhig pakshasathi) vinashkari hotya. lokshahivadyanni dakshinebaheril jawaljawal pratyek rajya gamavale. uttarekadil kahee kahee vatahukamdarannach nivadanuk jinkata aalee asali taree, uttar bhagatil prashasanachya virodhakanni virodhi sadasyanna congressmadhye parat aananyasathi ekatra kaam kele. aataparyant lokshahi pakshashi nigadit asalelya piercechya nyu hampshiremadhye, serve dnyat lokanni rajyapal nivadle, tinhi pratinidhi, vidhimandalat varchasva gajavale aanee johnn pii. sinetala jaa. sthalantaritavirodhi utkatatene tyaa tappyavar kahihi naan naan lokanchi sankhya sarvadhik kelee aanee kahee uttarekadil lokanchi nivad naveen republican pakshachya aashrayakhali karnyat aalee.
1856 chya nivadanuka.
lokshahivadyanni piercela punha namankit karane purnapane apekshit aahe. pratyakshat, tyanchi umedvari jinkanyachi shakyata (sarvatrik nivadanukichi eka bajoo sodoon dya) qamee hotee. uttarela prashasana kansas-nebrasca kayadyavaril tyachya bhoomikesathi mothya pramanat napsant hote aanee lokshahi netyanna piersachya nivadanuk asurakshitatebaddal mahitee hotee. taridekhil, james buchanan yanna umedvari nakarnyasathi tyanchya samarthakanni douglesshee yutee karanyachi yojana aakhanyas suruvat kelee. buchananche drudh rajkiy sambandh hote aanee teey piercechya bahutansh karyakalat paradeshat surakshit hote, jyamule teey canceschya parabhavanam kalankit jhaale navhate.
5 juuna roji ohayochya cincinnati yetheel adhiveshanat matdan suru jhaale tevha, aavashyak naslyas done trutiyansh bahumat nasale taree, bahusankhyakatechi apeksha hotee. pahilya matpatrikevar tyanna keval 122 matey midali, tyapaiki anek dakshinekadun, tarr buchanan yanna 135 matey midali, tarr dagala aanee cass yanna urvarit matey midali. karananya divashi sakalparyant chauda matpatrake purn jhaali hotee, parantu teen mukhya umedvaranpaiki konalahi done trutiyansh matey miloo shakali naheet. matpatrika paas hotach haloohaloo qamee hott gelelya piyarasne, buchananla parabhoot karnyachya shevatchya prayatnat aapale naav mage ghet, aaplya samarthakanna daglassathi todanyache nirdesh dile. keval 43 varshiy douglesscha assa vishvas hota qee jarr tyane yaa velee vruddha buchananla jinku dile tarr 1860 madhye tyala namankit kele jaau shakate aanee buchananchya vyavasthapakankadun asey hoil ashee khatri midali. aanakhi done matpatrikechya vyatyanantar, daglasachya vyavasthapakanni tyache naav mage ghetale, jyamule buchanan spasht vijeta tharala. chhedanyacha fatka saumya karnyasathi, adhiveshanane tyachya prashasanachi stutee karnyasathi "ayogya manjuri" chaa tharav jaaree keela aanee tyacha sahkari, kentakicha majee pratinidhi johnn see. yachee nivad kelee. breakinridge, uparashtrapatipadache umedvar mhanoon. haah parabhav yuu. madhye ekmev vel tharala.ess. punarnirvachanesathi sakriy umedvar asalelya nivadoon aalelya adhyakshala tyachya rajkiy pakshane dus-yaa karyakalasathi namankit kele nahee, assa itihas aahe.
jaree doghe door rahile taree, pears yanni buchanan yanna pathimba deela; sarvatrik nivadanukit lokshahivadi lokanchi shakyata sudharanyasathi novembarparyant canceschi paristhiti sodavanyachi tyanna aasha hotee. tyane johnn doubleu. sthapit kele. pradeshik rajyapal mhanoon sajj, jyane gulamgiri samarthak aamdarancha santap vyakt keela. jaree nivadanukitil nuksan aadhich jhaale asale taree geree cansasmadhye suvyavastha purvavat karoo shakala-republican lokanni nivadanukichi ghoshana mhanoon 'bleeding cansas' aanee 'bleeding sumner' (synet chembarmadhye dakshin carolina pratinidhi preston brooks yanni charles samnarvar ghataleli kroor betra) vaparali. buchanan/breakinridge tikit nivadoon aale, parantu uttarekadil lokpriy matanchi lokshahi takkewari 1852 madheel 49.8 takkyanvarun 1856 madhye 41.4 takkyanvar aalee kaaran buchananne sola mukt rajyanpaiki keval paach jinkale (piyarne chauda jinkale hote) aanee tyapaiki teenmadhye, buchanan prajasattak umedvar, majee california sinetara johnn see. yanchyatil footmule jinkale. framont aanee tyanna kahich maheet nahee, majee adhyaksh fillmore.
namankan haralyanantar piersney aaplya vaktavyacha raag anavar keela. december 1856 madhye congressla dilelya tyanchya antim sandeshat tyanni prajasattak aanee nirmulanvadyanvar jordar hallah keela. vittiy dhoranavaril aaplya nondiche aanee itar rashtranshi shantatapurn sambandh prasthapit karnyachya sandhicha tyanni laabh ghetala. pires prashasanachya shevatchya divasant, congressne lashkari lashkari vetan vadhavanyasathi aanee naveen naudal jahaje tayar karnyasathi vidheyke manjur kelee, tasech navika bharati karanyachi sankhya vadhavali. tyanni tyanni kalapasoon magalele shulk kapat vidheyakahi manjur kele. pier aanee tyanchya mantrimandalane 4 march 1857 roji, yuu. aii. madheel ekmev vel, karyalay sodale.ess. mool mantrimandal sadasya serve purn chaar varshanchya karyakalasathi rahile yacha itihas aahe.
adhyakshapadanantar (1857-1869).
white haus sodalyanantar, heey chhidra washingtonmadhye done mahinyanhun adhik kaal rahile aanee majee pararashtra sachiv william ell. marcy. buchananne tyachya niyukt kelelya sarvanchya jaagi, chhidra prashasanatil marg badalala. heey chhidra akheris nyu hampshirechya portsmouth yethe halavanyat aale, jithe chhidrane malmattebabat andaj lavnyas suruvat kelee hotee. ubdar havamanachya shodhat, tyane aanee jenane pudhil teen varshe pravasat ghalavali, madeera yetheel mukkamapasoon suruvat kelee aanee tyanantar europe aanee bahamaschya sahali ghetalya. rommadhye, tyane nathaniel hothornla bhet dilee; doghanni barach vel ekatra ghalavala aanee lekhkala nivrutt adhyaksh nehmipramane utsahi vatale.
deshachya vadhatya vibhagiy sangharshavar niyamitpane bhashya karat, aaplya pravasadarmyan piercey yanni rajkaranakade kadhihi durlaksh kele nahee. tyanni aagrah dharala qee uttarekadil nirmulanvadi dakshinekadil aliptata talhanyasathi ubhe rahatat, asey lihitana qee gruhyuddhatil raktapat keval rajmistri aanee dixonchya reshevar nasel, tarr aaplya swatachya simanchya aat aaplya swatachya rastyanvar asel. mothya pramanat nirmulan aanee prajasattak umedvaranna pathimba chalana englandchya naveen protestant mantryanvarhi tyanni tyanchya "pakhand aanee deshdroha" sathee teeka kelee. republican pakshachya udayamule democratsna chhidra padnyas bhag padale; 1858 madhye republican sinetche umedvar abraham linken yanchyashi jhalelya vadavivadadarmyan, dugglus yanni majee adhyakshanna "eknishth aanee sanmananiy manus" mhatale.
mhatale lokshahi adhiveshan jawal yet asatana, kahinni chhidra jhalelya pakshala ekatra aanoo shakanare tadjod umedvar mhanoon pires yanna nivadanuk ladhavanyas sangitale, parantu pires yanni nakar deela. dugglus dakshinecha pathimba aakarshit karnyasathi sangharsh karat asatana, sambhavya paryay mhanoon cushing aanee nantar breakinrijla bhedak pathbal dile, parantu tyanche pradhanya eka sanyukt lokshahi paksh hote. vibhajit democratscha republican umedvar linkanane adhyakshapadasathi jordar parabhav keela. linkenchi nivadanuk aanee 4 march 1861 roji tyache udghatan darmyanchya mahinyant, dakshinekadil anek rajyanni vegale honyachya yojana suru kelya tevha piresney laksh vedhale. nyaymurti campbelle yanni tyanna alabamala jaaun tyaa rajyachya algikaran adhiveshanala sambodhit karnyas sangitale hote. aajarpanamule tyane nakar deela, parantu alabamachya lokanna sanghamadhye rahanyache aanee dakshinechya hitasambandhanviruddhache kayade radd karnyasathi aanee samaan aadhar shodhanyasathi uttarela vel denyache aavahan karnare patra pathavale.
nagri yuddh.
sumter killyavaril golibarasaha yadavi yuddh rokhanyache prayatna sampalyanantar, dougluses uttarekadil lokshahivadyanni dakshinekadil rajyanna baljabarine punha ekatra aananyachya linkenchya yojanela manyata dilee. pierusla konatyahi paristhitit yuddh talhayche hote aanee tyane vanne burenla patra lihoon majee yuchya sabhecha prastav thewala.ess. adhyakshanni haah muddah sodavayacha hota, parantu yaa soochanevar karvai jhaali nahee. "mea yaa kroor, nirdayi, lakshyahin, anavashyak yuddhache samarthan kadhihi karnar nahee, samarthan karnar nahee kinwa konatyahi prakare kinwa konatyahi maryadeparyant samarthan karnar nahee", asey piersene tyachya patnila lihile. yuddhakalat dekhil deshane nagri swatantryanche sanrakshn sodoon deu naye assa yuktivad karat, 'habeas corpus' chey lekhan nilambit karnyachya rashtradhyaksh linken yanchya aadeshala piercey yanni sarvajanikaritya virodh keela. yaa bhoomikene tyanna udayonmukh uttar shantata lokshahivadyanche chahate midvoon dile, parantu itaranni yaa bhoomikekade piersachya dakshinekadil purvgrahancha aanakhi purava mhanoon pahile.
september 1861 madhye, piers yanni tyanche majee antargat sachiv, mcclelland, majee sinetara cass aanee itaranna bhet deuun mishiganala pravas keela. eka detroit pustak vikreta, jeey. aaa. roysne linkenche pararashtramantri william etch. yanna patra pathavale. savered, majee rashtradhyakshanvar vishvasghataki lokanna bhetalyacha aarop karat aanee sarkar ulthoon taknyacha aanee adhyaksh mhanoon pires sthapit karnyacha cutt asalyache tyane aikale asalyache sangat. tyaa mahinyachya uttaradhat, prashasanachya bajoone asalelya 'detroit tribune' neey eka vastoo chhapali jyat piercela 'eka gaddar guptaher' mhatale gele aanee too suvarn vartulachya sangh-samarthak shoorvirancha sadasya asalyachi mahitee dilee. assa konatahi cutt astitvat navhata, parantu eka chhed samarthak, manus ess. hopkinsney, "nyayadhikaranala" eka patra pathavale, jeey suvarn vartulachya shoorviranchya sadasyache asalyache soochit karate, jeey soochit karate qee "adhyaksh pii."too sanghataneviruddhachya katyacha eka bhag hota. hopkinscha hetu 'tribune' chaa aarop sarvajanik karane haah hota, jyaa velee hopkins lekhakachi bhoomika swikartil, tyamule 'tribune' sampadak atireki pakshapati aanee bholepanache vatatil. tyaeivaji, "nyayadhikaran" chya sampadakanni hopkinsche patra sarkari sarkari pathavale. tyanantar sewardne mishiganmadhil sambhavya "deshdrohi" yanna atak karnyache aadesh dile, jyat hopkinscha samavesh hota. hopkinsney patrachya lekhakachi kabuli dilee aanee afava kabool kelee, parantu asey asoonahi, aarop kharey aahet qee nahee heey jaanun ghenyachi magani karat seawardney chhedanyasathi patra lihile. chhidrane tyanna nakarle aanee savered ghaighaine mage hutla. nantar, republican vruttapatranni hopkinsche patra chhapale, jaree tyane heey eka afava asalyache kabool kele aanee tyane tyache naav sarvajanikaritya saaf karane aavashyak asalyache tharavale. jevha sewardne tyanche patravyavahar sarvajanik karnyas nakar deela, tevha californiacha milton latham yaa sinetchya mitrane, savered aanee bhedak yanchyatil patre congresschya nondinmadhye vachoon prashasanachi laaj vatali, tyamule piersney aapala santap jaheer keela.
masudyachi sthapana aanee spashtavakta prashasanvirodhi democrat clement vallandigham yanna atak, jyane julai 1863 madhye nyu hampshire democratsna sambodhit kele, tyanni linkenchi ninda kelee. "mea vicharato, rashtrapatinna, aaplyala kevha bolave lagel kinwa jevha aapan bolu shakato, kinwa konatyahi vishayavar, visheshtah konatyahi loksevkachya vartanachya sandarbhat gup rahanyacha adhikar konee deela aahe?", ashee magani tyanni kelee. visheshtah linkenchya uddishtanvar tyanni keleli teeka gatisburg aanee wixberg yetheel duheri union vijayanchya velee jhaali hotee, tyamule, uttarekadil bahutansh bhaganmadhye piercechya tippanyanna anuchit pratisad midala. pudhchya mahinyat jevha sangharajyache adhyaksh jefferson davis yanchi mississippy lagwad unionchya sainikanni tabyat ghetali tevha uttarekadil piyarchya pratishthela aanakhi nuksan jhaale. yuddhapoorv kalat devisashi asalele pierceche patravyavahar, devisashi asaleli tyachi sakhol maitri ughad karatat aanee yadavi yuddhamule uttarela bund hoil assa andaj vartavtat, heey vruttapatranna pathvanyat aale. piercechya shabdanni tyachya virodhat nirmulanvadi bhavna tivra kelee.
jaine piercey december 1863 madhye massatucets andover yethe kshayarogane maran pavali; teela nyu hampshirechya concard yetheel junya uttar smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale. meey 1864 madhye tyacha jawalcha mitra nathaniel hothornchya nidhanane pierus aanakhi dukkhi jhaala; jevha lekhak anpekshitpane maran pavala tevha too hothornsobat hota. hothornne vadgrastapane tyache shevatche pustak chhedanyasathi samarpit kele hote. 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukicha ulgada hott asatana kahee lokshahivadyanni punha ekada pierceche naav vicharat ghenyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyanni antar rakhale; linken sahajpane dusari term jinkale. april 1865 madhye jevha linkenchya hatyechi batami pasarali, tevha eka jamav piersachya gharabaher ekmatane jamala, tyanni sarvajanik shokbhavna mhanoon dhwaj qaa phadkavla nahee heey jaanun ghenyachi magani karat. linkenchya mrutyubaddal dukkh vyakt karat, parantu sarvajanik havbhavachi konatihi garaj nakarat, pierus ragavala. tyanni tyanna sangitale qee tyanchya lashkari aanee sarvajanik sevechya itihasane tyanchi deshbhakti siddha kelee, jee gardi shant karnyasathi pureshi hotee.
shevatchi varshe aanee mrutyu.
piercechya madyapanamule tyachya shevatchya varshant tyache aarogya bighadale aanee too adhikadhik aadhyatmik hott gela. 1865 chya madhyat eka adnyat mahileshi tyache sankshipt sambandh hote. yaa kalat, tyane davis, joou aata vharjiniyatil phorta monro yethe kaidi aahe, tyachya upcharanmadhye sudharana karnyasathi tyachya prabhavacha vapar keela. tyane hothorncha mulga julien tasech tyachya swatachya putanyanna aarthik madat karnyachihi tayari darshavali. jenachya mrutyuchya karananya vardhapandinanimitta, piercecha seent yethe tyachya patnichya episcopal dharmat baptisma jhaala. paulche church ekmatane. gulamgirivirodhi vaktavyanmule lokshahivadyanna door nirman tyanchya purvichya samoohik panthachya tulanet heey church qamee rajkiy asalyache tyanna aadhalale. tyane swatahla 'mhatara shetkari' mhanoon sambodhat, malmatta kharedi kelee, qamee madyapan kele, swatah jameen shetee kelee aanee bhet chalana natevaikanna aashray deela. too tyacha bahutansh vel kinarpattivaril chhotya dukarachya mathyavaril concard aanee tyachya zopadit ghalvat asey, kadhikadhi massatucetsmadhil jenachya natevaikanna bhet dett asey. ajunahi rajkaranat rus asalelya tyanni andreau johnsonchya punarrachana dhoranala pathimba darshavala aanee mahabhiyogachya khatalyat rashtrapatinchya nirdosh muktates pathimba deela; nantar tyanni johnsonche uttaradhikari eulysis ess. anudan.
1869 chya madhyat piercechi prakruti punha khalavu lagali; tyachi sharirik sthitee khalavat gelee asoonahi tyane punha madyapan suru kele. too barah honar nahee heey jaanun, yakrutachya gambhir sirosisne grast houn, tyaa septembermadhye too punha ekmatane paratala. eka kaljivahula kamavar thevanyat aale hote; tyachya shevatchya divasant tyachya kutumbatil konihi sadasya upasthit navhate. shukravari, 8 aktoobar 1869 roji sakali 4:35 vajata vayachya 64 vya varshi tyanche nidhan jhaale. nantar mexico-american yuddhat piercechya sevecha bachav nirman adhyaksh anudan yanni rashtriy shoke divas ghoshit keela. deshbharatil vruttapatranni pahilya panavaril dirgh batamya prakashit kelya jyat piercechya rangiberangi aanee vadgrast karkirdichi tapasani kelee gelee. concardchya junya uttar smashanbhumitil minotechya aavarat, piercela tyachi patni aanee tyachya done mulanjaval daphan karnyat aale.
22 janewari 1868 roji tyanni swakshari kelelya tyanchya shevatchya vasuleet, chitra, talwari, ghode aanee itar vastoo asha vishisht varasdaranchi mothee sankhya mitra, kutumb aanee aanee sodoon gelee. tyachya 72,000 dollarschya malmattecha barachsa bhag (aajchya $$chya barobaricha) tyachya bhavachya henrichya kutumbakade aanee hothornchya mulankade aanee piyarchya gharmalkakade gela. heinrycha mulga phrank piercela sarvat motha vaataa midala.
sthale, smarke aanee sanman.
tyachya ell. ell. vyatirikt.dii. norwich vidyapithatun, piercela bodoin mahavidhyalay (1853) aanee dartmouth mahavidhyalay (1860) yethoon manad doctorate midali.
nyu hampshiremadhil done thikane aitihasik sthalanchya rashtriy nondanivar visheshtah tyanchya chhidranshi asalelya sambandhamule soochibaddha karnyat aalee aahet. hillsburo yetheel franklin pears homestead heey eka rajya udyan aanee rashtriy aitihasik khuna aahe, jeey lokansathi khule aahe. concardmadhil franklin pears haus, jithe piercecha mrutyu jhaala hota, teey 1981 madhye aagit nasht jhaale hote, parantu tarihi teey nondanivar soochibaddha aahe. 1842 teey 1848 paryantche tyanche samvayask nivassthan, daad piercey mans, hangami paddhatine khule aahe aanee 'daad piercey brigade' yaa svayamsevak gatadware tyachi dekhbhal kelee jaate. 1914 madhye samarpit augustus lukemancha eka vichhedan putala nyu hampshire steet hausachya maidanavar ubha aahe. nyu hampshirechya aaspas nyu hampshireche aitihasik chinhak #65, #80, #125 aanee #216 heey pier aanee tyachya kutumbache smaran karatat.
nyu hampshiremadhil anek sanstha aanee thikananna piyarche naav denyat aale aaheh
varsa.
tyachya mrutyunantar, pears bahutek american chetanetun nighun gela, adhyakshanchya malikanpaiki eka mhanoon, jyanchya vinashkari karyakalamule yadavi yuddh jhaale. piyarche adhyakshapad heey eka apayash mhanoon vyapakpane manale jaate; anekada tyanche varnan amerikechya itihasatil sarvat white adhyakshanpaiki eka mhanoon kele jaate. janatene tyala see-spann sarvekshananmadhye (2000 aanee 2009) tyachya samvayaskanmadhye samvayaskanmadhye teey shevatchya sthanavar thewale. tyanchya apayashacha eka bhag mhanje vibhajit congressla pudhakar ghenyas parvanagi dene, sarvat vinashkari mhanje cances-nebrasca kayadyasah. jaree tyanni tyaa ladhatiche netrutva kele nahee-sinetara dugglus yanni kele-tyane tyachya pratishthela haanee pohochavanyasathi kimmat dilee. adhyaksh mhanoon, vibhagiy salokha surakshit karnyat piercechya apayshamule, jacksonpasoon suru jhalelya lokshahi pakshachya varchaswala samapt honyas madat jhaali aanee sattar varshanhun adhik kaal assa gela jevha prajasattakanni mukhytah rashtriy rajkaranavar niyantran thewale.
itihaskar erich phoner mhanatat, "tyanche prashasana amerikechya itihasatil sarvat vinashkari tharale. jacksonchya kalapasoon varshane midaleli pakshavyavastha kosalalyache teey sakshidar hote.
charitrakar roy eff. nicholscha yuktivadah
rashtriy rajkiy nete mhanoon pires haah eka apghat hota. teey pramanik aanee tyanchya matambaddal drudh hote, parantu jevha teey kathinatene aapale munn tayar karat asat aanee antim nirnay ghenyapurvi anekada swatahla ulatavat asat, tevha tyanni asthiratechi samanya chhap sodali. dayalu, vinamra, udar, tyane anek vyaktinna aakarshit kele, parantu serve gatanna santusht karnyache tyache prayatna ayashasvi jhaale aanee tyane tyala anek shatru banavale. tyachya kadak bandhkamachya tattvanchi amalbajavani kartana too dakshinekadil lokanshi sarvat jaast sahmat hota, jyanchyakade samanyatah kayadyache patra tyanchya bajoone hote. dakshineviruddhachya uttarekadil bhavananchi sakholata aanee pramanikpana samajoon ghenyat too purnapane ayashasvi jhaala aanee tyane varnan kelyapramane, tyachya swatachya nyu englandchya lokanni kayada aanee sanvidhanache samanyapane ullanghan kelyamule too chakit jhaala. konatyahi kshani tyala lokpriy kalpanashakti patali nahee. tyanchya prashasanachya suruvatichya kalat udbhavalelya katheen samasyanna tond denyachya tyanchya asamarthatemule tyanna mothya sankhyene, visheshtah uttarekadil lokancha aadar gamvava lagla aanee tyanche kahee yash janatecha vishvas punarsanchayit karnyat ayashasvi tharale. too eka ananubhavi manus hota, achanak prachand jababdari swikaranyasathi bolavala gela, jyane purese prashikshan kinwa swabhavik tandurustishivay pramanikpane aapale sarvottam denyacha prayatna keela.
eka saksham rajkarani aanee aavadata manus mhanoon pratishtha asoonahi, tyanchya adhyakshapadachya kalat, deshala gruhyuddhakade gruhyuddhakade vadhatya katu gatanmadhye keval madhyasth mhanoon kaam kele. gulamgirila naitikteaivaji malmattecha prashna mhanoon mhanoon gulamgirikade chhedanyasathi, sangh pavitra hota; yamule, tyane nirmulanvadi aanee adhik madhyam mukt jamindaranchya kruteela vibhajankari aanee dakshinekadil lokanchya ghatanatmak hummy asalelya hakkansathi dhoka mhanoon pahile. gulamgiri maryadit karnyacha kinwa sampavanyacha prayatna nirmanamvarr tyanni teeka kelee asali taree, tokachi padey padey kinwa uttarekadil hitsambandhanna virodh nirman dakshinekadil rajkarnyanna tyanni kvachitach fatkarle.
david potterne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee austend jahirnama aanee cances-nebrasca kayada yaa 'franklin pier prashasanachya done mothya aapatti hotya... doghannihi sarvajanik tikela udhan aanale."adhik mahattvache mhanje, tyanni rajkiy siddhant mhanoon prakat niyati aanee" lokpriy sarvbhaumatva "chee kayamswarupi badnami kelee, asey kumbhar mhanatat. itihaskar keneth nivison yanni 2010 madhye lihilelya lekhat, piercechya pararashtra dhoranabaddal adhik anukool drushtikon ghetala aahe, asey namood kele aahe qee tyanchya vistarvadachi suruvat nantarche adhyaksh william mackinly aanee theodor roozvelt yanchyapudhe hotee, jyanni asha velee seva kelee hotee jevha americet tichya ichcha purn karnyasathi lashkari shakti hotee. "1890 chya dashakat suru jhalele american pararashtra aanee vyavsayik dhoran, jyane akheris visavya shatkachya madhyaparyant european vasahatvadachi jaaga ghetali, franklin piercechya adhyakshatekhali aantarrashtriy kshetrat vikasit kelelya jaxonian lokshahichya pitrusattaktemule barech kahee jhaale."
itihaskar larry gaara, jyanni pierces presidenciver pustak lihile, tyanni majee rashtrapatinchya 'american national biography online' madheel nondit lihileh
jawaljawal alaukik kaushalyanchi garaj asalelya kalat teey adhyaksh hote, tarihi tyanchyakade asha kaushalyancha abhav hota aanee teey jyaa nokarisathi nivadoon aale hote tyaa padavar teey kadhihi vadhale naheet. sanvidhan aanee sangharajyabaddalacha tyancha drushtikon jaxonian bhootkalatil hota. tyala uttarekadil mukt matichya bhavaneche swaroop kinwa sakholata kadhich purnapane samajali nahee. too canadabarobar paraspar vyapar kararasathi vataghati karoo shakala, japanla pashchimatya vyaparasathi khule karnyas suruvat karoo shakala, nairutyela jameen jodu shakala aanee paradeshi samrajyachya nirmitisathi kayadyavar swakshari karoo shakala. tyachya kyuba aanee cances dhorananmule keval sakhol vibhagiy sangharsh jhaala. cances-nebrasca kayadyala tyanni dilela pathimba aanee farar gulam kayadyachi amalbajavani karnyachya tyanchya drudhanishchayamule kalamanche dhruvikaran honyas madat jhaali. piercey mehanati hote aanee tyanche prashasana mothya pramanat bhrashtacharapasun mukt hote, tarihi tyaa chaar ashant varshanchya varshamule futiratela aanee gruhyuddhala shokantika midali.
itihaskar aanee charitrakar pieter aii. wallnerne namood kele aahe keeh
itihasane gulamgiricha muddah nirman nirman, karananya pakshachya vyavasthechya patnala gatee chalana aanee yadavi yuddhala chalana chalana dhoranansathi chhidra prashasanala dosh deela aahe.  ... haah chukicha aanee anyaykarak assa donhi prakarcha nirnay aahe. piercey haah nehmich eka rashtravadi hota, joou sangharajya ekatra thevanyasathi madhyavarti aadhar shodhanyacha prayatna karat hota.  ... madhyam marg kadhanyacha prayatna karnyacha paryay mhanje sangharajya tutane, gruhyuddha aanee sahaa lakhanhun adhik american lokanche mrutyu. heey nasheeb talhanyasathi tyachya sampoorn rajkiy karkirdit prayatna kelyabaddal piercela dosh deu naye.

