
preston watson

preston albert watson (17 aktoobar 1880-30 juuna 1915) heey scottish vimanchalan pravartak hote, jyanni uddanat viman niyantrit karanyachi swatachi mool paddhat kalpana kelee. hii tyanchi bajukadil niyantranachi dolati pankhanchi paddhat hotee, jyat mukhya pankhanchya varr aii-framewar basavalelya duyyam lahan pankhancha samavesh hota, jee tyachya rekhansh akshavar kendrabindu karoo shakat hotee. watsonchi parshvik niyantranachi paddhat tyane teen vegvegalya vimananmadhye lagoo kelee hotee; pahili 1909 chya uttaradhat, dusari julai 1910 madhye aanee tisari 1913 madhye bandhali gelee.
16 march 1915 roji watsonla tyache royal ero club pramanpatra kra. 1, 117 (pilot parvanyachya samatulya) london vimantalavaril london aanee prantiy shalesah, hendon, 1914 madhye pahile mahayuddha suru jhalyanantar royal nevel air sarvhismadhye commissionchi magani kelee hotee. 30 juuna 1915 roji jevha too udat hota tevha codron jee. 3 viman uddanat vighatit jhaale aanee dunley fieldmadhye kosalale, heathfield, susaiksajavalil cross-inn-hand hotelpasoon kahee mail antaravar. watsonla dandichya pashchimekadil smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale aahe.
rait bandhunsamor vijevar chalana uddananchya chukichya davyanmule preston watsonchya kamgirivar dhag padale aahet. haah tyacha dhakata bhau james watson yachyakadun udbhavala, jyane december 1953 madhye 'manchester guardian' vruttapatrat prakashit jhalelya lekhat heey lokanchya adhik laksh vedhoon ghetale. aktoobar 1953 madhye 'daad scots magazin' madhye eka lekh hota joou eka jeey.dii. parantu, teey chukanmule fetalale jaate. tevhapasoon, prestonche naav yaa khotya davyashi jodale gele aahe aanee vimanchalanala protsahan denyachya tyachya vastavik karyakade anekada durlaksh kele jaate.
haah dawa varanvar khota asalyache siddha jhaale aahe, parantu hii dantkatha scottish vruttapatratil lekhanmadhye aanee agadi alikadech 2014 madhye prakashit jhalelya dundy museum auph transportchya samarthanane prakashit jhalelya pustakamadhye punha disun yete, jyache shirshak elistyre doubleu. blair aanee elistyre smith.
prarambhik itihas.
tyacha janm 17 aktoobar 1880 roji scotlandchya dundy, tesside yethe jhaala, too balgovancha shree. thomas watson aanee tyachi patni jaine yaman yancha mulga hota. tyache vadil dundy yetheel ghauk ann vitarak watson andd philipmadhye bhagidar hote.
too dandichya hyschoolcha vidyarthi hota aanee tyane lahanpanapasunach yantrik goshtinmadhye lakshaniy rus dakhavila. tarun prestonche vishleshanatmak munn hote aanee byavachada, teey ravivar, 27 aktoobar 1984 chya 'daad kurier andd advertiser' vruttapatrachya aavruttinusar;
vidyapith mahavidhyalayat abhiyantrikicha abhyas karat asatanach, udyavimanshastratil tyanchi aavad vadhali, parantu udayonmukh vimanchalan vidnyanavar vachanyasarkhe farse kahee navhate. jarr vimanchalan heey kshetra banayache asel jyamadhye teey karkird suru karnar hote, tarr tyanna swatache sanshodhan karave lagel.
tyacha bhau james yaman watson nantar 'aeronautics' masikachya december 1955 chya ankat varnan karnar hota qee;
watsonchya vadilanchya ann utpadanachya vyavasayat majur mhanoon kaam karnare divangat shree. james manson, messers watson aanee phillip yanchya matey, prestonne lahan model vimane tayar kelee aanee tyanna ninevels yetheel pulavarun khalee sodale.
25 aktoobar 1907 roji watsonne petantsathi arj keela...udatya yantranshi sambandhit, aerostatshivay havetoon yantra unch karane aanee pudhe nene haah uddesh aahe."jawaljawal eka varshanantar, paytant no.23,1907 chya 553 madhye," "watsonchi udanari yantre" "yaa shirshakache, lift tayar karnyachya swadeshi rotarii-wing sadhananche aath prushthanche varnan aanee paach chitre aahet jyasathi varnan prushthe qee keleli aahet". heey ekach rotarii aerophoil upkaranancha vapar karoon vimanache vegvegale sanrachana darshavtat jeey combine harvesterchya aavaran yantraneshi samya thevatat. watsonne petantmadhil konatyahi vichitra nirmitichi nirmiti suru kelee asey soochit karnyasathi konatahi purava shillak nahee.
8 aktoobar 1908 roji sampurnatah sweekarle gele, toparyant yashasvi uddan mhanje kaay aanee visheshtah lift kase sadhya kele gele yabaddal watsonchya kalpana tyachya petantpasoon natakiyapane badalalya hotya. julai 1908 madhye watsonne 'uddanat aavashyak shakti' (johnn leng andd company) heey patrak prakashit kele. ell. tii. dii. dundi, 1908), jyat tyanche siddhant hote; "...vimantalachi sarvottam vakrata [sic], aanee pudhe, kiman ashvashaktisaha uddan sadhya karnyasathi sanrachanechya vajanachya pankhanchya vajanachya sarvottam pramanasandarbhat gananecha parinam."
december 1907 madhye prakashit jhalelya havai uddanavaril sampoorn kamacha pahila khand asalelya 'aerodynamics' yaa fredrick william lanchesterchya shodhanibandhane prabhavit houn, watsonchya karyat vayugatikivishayicha vishleshanatmak drushtikon aahe, joou tyane tyachya pahilya petantmadhye vyakt kelelya vichitra siddhantanpasun door aahe. watsonchya prastavnet namood kele aahe qee tyanni lanchesterche kaam vachale hote, asey namood karoon qee tyanche nishkarsh samaan aahet, parantu teey tyanchya siddhantanvar swatantrapane pohochale.
tyachya pudhil petantane tyachya vimanchalan karyachya mukhya bhagache pratinidhitva kele, jyavar tyane tyache urvarit ayushya sanshodhan karnyat ghalavale; parshvik niyantranachi tyachi khadkal pankhanchi sankalpana. 1 janewari 1909 roji arj keela, sampoorn tapasheel 23 julai 1909 roji aahe aanee eka divasanantar paytant karyalayakade sodale gele aanee tyach varshi 16 december roji sweekarle gele. 1909 chya paytant no.47 madhye teen prushthanche varnan aanee saiddhantik vimanala lagoo kelyapramane rocking wing sankalpanechya chitranasah ekach prushth aahe.
patents puravilelya chitra aanee watsonchya vimananchya jiwant chhayachitranche parikshan karnyapasoon heey spashtapane spasht hote qee tyachya petantchya aadhare viman bandhanyacha tyacha purnapane hetu hota. tyane tyache pahile viman nemke kevha purn kele heey maheet nahee, parantu 2 november 1909 chya 'daad ero' masikachya ankatil prushth 400 varr khaleel vidhan aaheh
jaree spashtapane 'prestanjavalil forendeni, parthshayarche nirjan chhote gaav' aanee watsonchya navachya sandarbhat eka tanklekhan truti asali, taree haah lekh tyachya rocking wing petantchya aadhare tyachya pahilya purn aakarachya vimanachya purn kalavadhichi pushti karato.
thartharnare pankh.
jaree vimanchalan itihaskaranni kahee pramanat durlaksh kele asale taree, preston watsonche vimanchalan prayog heey aliot verdon roow aanee geophrey dii havilland yansarkhya prasiddha british pranetyanchya prayoganshi samkalin aahet. anek prakare watsonche prayog aaj tyanchya samkalinanchya prayoganpramanech kiman aitihasik swarasyapoorn aahet, kaaran tyanche prathamik laksh uddanat vimanavar niyantran thevanyache paryayi sadhan vikasit karane heey hote-tyanchi parshvik niyantranachi "rocking wing" paddhat.
watsonne teen vimane bandhali aahet jyat khadkal pankh samavisht aahet, jyapaiki keval done tyanchya swatachya samarthyane yashasviritya havet udalya.
watsonche dusare paytant, 1 janewari 1909 rojiche 'uddan yantranmadhil sudharana' heey watsonchya bajukadil niyantranachya rocking wing siddhantache pahile prakashit varnan hote, jyache karya vyavharik arthane tyanni [mukhya] vimanachya varr asey varnan kele aahe...aanee yantrachya chaukatidware vahoon nele jaanare eka khadkal viman aahe...madhyavarti excelchya pudhe aanee mage thartharoo shakate..."
"daad pivat...mukhya pratalachya pudhil aanee mageel madhyavarti akshachya varr aahe aanee too dolatya pratalachya aanee tyachya samkonavar avalambun eka dhaar asato...asha khadkal vimanavar kathorpane basavale. haah liver itka sthir keela aahe qee too samatlala jhukavu shakato...eka bajula kinwa dusya bajula..."jyache chalkadware kelele sakriyakaran pankhanchi thararnari gatee prerit karate.
udatana 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate tevha', 'jevha dolanare viman udate viman', 'jevha dolate viman udate viman', 'tevha' jevha dolate viman ',' jevha dolate viman ',' jevha 'jevha udate viman', 'tevha' jevha dolate viman ',' jevha 'jevha' jevha '...aadvya bajoone jhukalela asato...liver halavoon...eka bajula, khadkal vimanacha samanya daab...too ubhya bhagatoon baher jhukalela asato aanee tyacha excel khechana aadvya ghatkala janm deto...uddan reshechya sapeksh eka bajula."
"asha prakare [viman] uddan reshebhovati firanyas karanibhoot tharate, mhanje, [dolanara pankh] uddan reshebhovati aanee aadvya reshebaher zukato. asha prakare [mukhya pratalacha] samanya daab ubhya bhagatoon baher sarakato aanee [vimanala] uddan reshechya eka bajula khechana aadvya ghatkala janm deto."
vimanat chadhanyasathi aanee utaranyasathi, anulambapane basavalela liver "...pudhe aanee mage halavale jaate, tyamule patangachi pudhil dhaar [telplane] hote, watsonchya konatyahi vimanat ubhya patangachi basavali jaat navhati. raitanni suruvatila tyanchya aadvya sthirkartyanna aadvya ruders mhanoon dekhil sambodhale hote, jyanna khalee kinwa varchya dishene halavale jayache."
niyantran liverchya duheri sakriyatemule, "...[rocking wing] aanee [telplane] halavale jaau shakatat jenekarun ekach velee eka bajula kinwa dusya bajula jaat asatana machine varr aanee khalee sarkel, mhanje fakt haat halavoon joou liverla konatyahi ichchit dishene sakriy karato aanee triim badalato."
petantacha nishkarsh mhanoon watsonchi ghoshana khalilpramane done muddyanmadhye aaheh
watsoncha tyachya niyantran pranalivar drudh vishvas asoonahi, tyamagil vastav, kitihi chatur asale taree, teey itake karyaksham navhate qee uddanadarmyan vimanavar tyachya vayugatikiy prabhavat pankhanchi warping kinwa ileroncha vapar karane adhik karyaksham navhate. 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat royal aeronautical societychya vayugatikiy tadnyanni charles gibbs-smithchya preranene vishleshan kele tevha asey aadhalun aale qee, rocking vingcha eka lakshaniy tota hota; tyacha parinam ekach sanyukt eleron aanee patangachya prabhavane jhaala.
saral aanee sapat udanyapasun eka tatbandi valane karyanvit karnyasathi, dolati pankh madhyam prabhavipane kaam karat hotee, parantu jevha vimanachya bajukadil samatolat tadjod jhaali hotee, tevha dolati pankhanna khalchya dishene jaananya pankhanchya viruddha dishene ujavikade jhukavanyachi pravrutti hotee. parinami, asthiratechi paristhiti sudharanyasathi dolati panghadi purnapane madat karoo shakali nahee kaaran payalatkade jambhaichi gatee prerit karnyasathi kinwa durust karnyasathi konatehi sadhan navhate. watsonchya prayoganchya palikade dolati pankhanchi kalpana pudhe naan jaanyamagil aanakhi eka sambhavya kaaran mhanje tee keval tulanene halakya aanee lahan vimananna lagoo kelee jaau shakate.
preston watson jarr jiwant rahila asata, tarr kadachit tyachya vimananchya satatchya anubhavamule tyane yaa samasyevar eka kushal upay shodhala asata. jaree tyachya manat, tyachya pranalicha sarvat motha fayda, samkalinanpeksha, rocking wing paddhatiche sanchalan (pitch aanee rolsathi ekach niyantran liverdware), kadachit tyachya vimanavar purese niyantran thevanyasathi aanakhi eka sakriy sadhan jodoon sodoon dyave lagale asate.
asey asoonahi, watsonne prastavit kelyapramane bajukadil niyantranache rocking wing sadhan, jaree vimanchalan kshetratil naveen varshant tyache konatehi udaharan navhate, taree itihasavar tyacha prabhav aanee prabhav nagany asalyache siddha jhaale aahe.
viman.
heey dnyat aahe qee preston watsonne teen vijevar chalanari vimane bandhali, jyapaiki keval done tyanchya swatachya samarthyane havetoon jaau shakali.
watsonne eka shaktiheen 'rait type' glyder dekhil tayar keela aanee udavala assa dawa dekhil keela gela aahe, parantu yala samarthan denyasathi farsa thos purava nahee; preston watsonne swatah kadhihi dawa keela nahee aanee 1903 madhye ritesmore chalavalelya uddanasathicha dawa khota hota aanee tyaa varshi prestonne udavalele machine heey 'aeronautics' masikachya december 1955 chya ankatil glyder hote heey james watsonne manya kelyanantarach glyderche ahwal samore aale. tyane tyachya aayushyachya kahee tappyavar glyder bandhanyas suruvat kelee asali taree, tyane too udavala yaa davyachi pushti karnara konatahi purava sapadat nahee.
pahile viman.
watsonchya rocking wing petantchya aadhare asey manale jaate qee tyache pahile chalanare yantra 1909 chya madhyabhagi purn jhaale hote kaaran teey jawaljawal patents asalelya chitranasarkhech aahe. dandichya teey motor boat aanee engine companychya karyashalanmadhye bandhalelya watson kramank 1 madhye varchya pankhacha kalavadhi khalchya pankhachya andaje ardha hota. mukhya pankh done vegvegalya vibhaganmadhye hote, jyapaiki pilot basala hota. tyachyakade konatyahi prakarchi upkarane navhati. varchya pankhacha aakar 'aaa' chaukatichya shirshasthani basavala gela hota, mukhya pankhacha bhag 'aaa' chaa cross baar tayar karat hota aanee tyachya payathyashi lamb skye basavale jaat hote.
watsonne tyache pahile vimanache engine prasiddha brazilian vimanchalak alberto santos dumont yanchyakadun vikat ghetale asalyachi afava aahe. heey chaar-cylinder aadvya viruddha engine hote, jeey francechya duthel chalmers aanee see, parris, yanni asamanya mandaniche qamee sankhyene tayar kele hote; pranodak cylinderchya done aadvya viruddha kathanmadhye basavala gela hota.
duthel chalmers engine basavale gele asale taree, preston watsonche kramank 1 viman pruthvivar ghattapane adakale hote aanee tyane teey dandichya paschimes sumare 25 mail antaravar asalelya rossie, forgandeni yetheel shree james belchya malmattevaril eka shedmadhye thewale. eka varshanantar watsonne november 1909 madhye sthapan jhalelya dundy model ero clubchya sthanik utsahi lokanchya gatala teey dile. dundy model ero clubche sansthapak david urkhart aanee done mitra, david robberton aanee william gib yanni 1961 madhye varnan kele qee kase datheel chalmers motor kadhoon taknyat aalee aanee vimanache rupantar modellersdware vaparlya jaanarya club hausmadhye glydermadhye kele gele.
juuna 1911 paryant glyder purn jhaale hote aanee fife, scotlandmadhil neuton, krumiche shree. george ballingall yanchya malmattevar vaadh jhalyamule anek uddane karnyat aalee hotee. matra paach mahinyantach dundy model ero clubche sadasya eka naveen glyder tayar karat hote. tyanni aadhichya vyaktiche kaay kele heey maheet nahee. .
dusare viman.
tyachya dusya vimanat, preston watsonne tyachya siddhantanna samarthan denanya rachnet yashasvi uddan kele. suruvatila lanarch airshomadhye kramank 2 madhye pravesh karanyachi aasha hotee, fakt yuu. keey. madhye jhalelya dusya aantarrashtriy havai baithakit, tyateel tyanchi pahili uddane august 1910 chya pahilya done aathvadyant erol, perthshire yethe ghenyat aalee, kaaran tyachya pahilya engine dhavnyachya darmyan fracture propelarmule spardhet pravesh karane chukale hote. tyachya pahilya vimanapramanech, kramank 2 heey teey motor boat aanee engine companyne julai 1910 madhye bandhale hote. watsonchya uddanatil kramank 2 yantrachi aataparyant sapadaleli sarvat junie chhayachitre 1912 salchi aahet, jaree watsonne august aanee september 1910 darmyan yashasvi uddan chachanya kelya.
tyachya pahilya vimanapramane canvasne jhakalelya udatya prushthbhagasaha bambupasoon bandhalele watsonche kramank 2 sanrachanatmakdrushtya tyachya purvavartinsarkhech hote, jeey watsonche pahile rocking wing viman udale nahee yaa vastusthitila vishvas dete. donhi vimananche pariman, pankhanchi yojana aanee boxes patang shepatiche prushthbhag samaan hote, jaree 2 kramankacha 'aii' frame center vibhag bracing tapashilanmadhye 1 kramankapeksha kinchit vegala hota. watsonche naveen viman 1910chya teen cylinderchya 30 etch. pii. humber injindware chalavale gele hote.
watsonchya aadhichya vimanasathi alberto santos-dumontcadoon duthel chalmers engine surakshit karnyasathi parisla gelele preston, tyacha dhakata bhau james aanee archie dicky heey sarvajan yaa velee bhoolane machine udavat hote, asey anek nondi sangatat. flight' masikachya 15 meey 1914 chya ankat prakashit jhaleli chitre, jyat 1912 madhye kadhaleli chitre asey shirshak dile aahe, james yanni 1908 madhye ghetaleli asalyache chukiche uddhrut kele aahe, parantu kramank 2 1910 madhye bandhala gela hota aanee tyache 30 etch. pii. humber engine tyaa varshaparyant tayar kele gele navhate. prakhyat vimanchalan lekhak charles gibbs-smith yanni yaulat haah purava dilyavar james watsonne lagechach aapali katha badalali.
tyachya pahilya vimanapramanech, watsonchi kramank 2 baddalchi prathamik chinta tyachya vidyut prakalpachi asel asey gruheet dharane surakshit aahe; itar serve babinpeksha, tyala teey havet aananyas saksham asalelya engine susajj karave lagale. bahudha, tyachi enginechi nivad hii kimmat aanee upalabdhata yavar aadharit hotee. tyachya pahilya vimanapramanech, watson kramank 2 chey bhavitavya adnyat aahe, jaree teey kadachit mahayuddhachya udrekane radd jhaale asave.
tisare viman.
kadachit tyachya swatachya vimanatoon vijevar chalanare uddan sadhya karnyachya yashane utsahi jhalelya watsonne 1913 madhye tisare yantra, tyache shevatche, tayar kele. tyache tisare viman jaanunbujun tyachya kshamatetil kramank 2 laa mage taknyasathi tayar kele gele hote, kaaran tyache siddhant uddanat siddha jhaale hote. tyachya aadhichya yantranchya tulanet, tyacha kramank 3 haah eka vegala prani hota, jaree tyat ajunahi lahan varchya pankhansah samaan mandani samavisht hotee aanee tyat nishchit fuselagecha abhav hota.
watsonchya vimanachya imaratisathi adhik vyavsayik drushtikonache pratinidhitva karat, tyachya aadhichya prayatnanpeksha too lakshaniyaritya hushar disat hota. heey adhik majboot hote, bracing vayarcha prasar yacha purava hota. james mansonne jaree dawa keela aahe qee, tyachya aadhichya vimananmadhye bambuchya aivaji dhatupasoon, bahudha steelchya nalyanni bandhalele, jaree nall duralumine hote. tyache pankh paramparik rachaneche hote; bracing struts aluminium kinwa lakadapasoon banavalelya aanee mansonnusar canvas, kapadane jhakalelya suvyavasthit aerophoil aakarachya fairingsney basavale gele hote, jeey swatah tyaa thikani shivale gele hote.
watsonchya mothya kramank 3 madhye british anzani 45 etch. pii. sahaa cylinderchya done-panktichya radial enginecha vapar keela gela hota.
1 janewari teey 1 julai 1914 paryant, laal 'union pore laa securite aine aeroplane organization francechya parisjavalil book vimantalavar pahila concourse dii laa securite aine aeroplane aayojit keela, jyamadhye kahee 56 vimane designchya drushtikonatun vimanansathi suraksha upkarnanmadhye pragati pradarshit karnyachya uddeshane dakhal karnyat aalee hotee.
watsoncha kramank 3 haah ekmev british sahbhagi hota, parantu tyala apatra tharvanyat aale.
watsonla shraddhanjali mhanoon 7 julai 1915 chya "viman" chya ankat, khaleel nondi, kramank 3 laa spardhetun baher kadhanyache eka kaaran nondavtat; "gelya varshi shree watson heey yantra francela gheuun gele aanee 'concourse dii laa securite' kinwa suraksha spardhet pravesh keela. shree. watson yanni dawa kelyapramane, heey yantra qamee kshamateche asalyamule teey yashasvi jhaale nahee, yaat kahee shanka nahee. tathapi, teey kahee kalane qamee antarasathi jaminivar utarale."
concourse spardhedarmyan watsonchya sevet eka pilot emm. aar. ess. hota. melton mobreche unhali kshetra. shree. summerfield yanni aathvan karoon dilee qee ekada tyanna niyantranachya naveen sadhananchi savay jhaali qee kramank 3 changle hatalale gele, parantu machine spardhetun baher padale...konatehi spasht kaaran nahee...", 3 julai 1914 chya" "uddan" "chya ankat nond kelyapramane". gret warpoorwiche british viman" (skiffer, etgalen, paa 2001) yaa pustakat lekhak kramank 3 chya apatratesathi khaleel kaaran detatah "...pilotche navshikya mhanoon vargikaran karnyat aale aanee tyala vagalanyat aale."
march 1915 madhye, eka 'flight' masikachya patrakarala dilelya mulakhatit, watsonne paas kartana namood kele qee tyane kramank 3 varr floats basavale hote. bahudha tee floatation upkarane hotee jee panyakhalil uddanandarmyan viman khachala gelyas tarang pradan karatat. watsonne sangitale qee, yuddh sampalyanantar kramank 3 saha pudhil prayog karnyacha tyacha hetu hota, kaaran tyane shahee naudal havai sevet aayogasathi arj keela hota.
watsonche mechanic aanee kadhikadhi kramank 3 chey pilot james manson yanchya matey, 1914 madhye yuddh suru honyachya sumaras teey tutale hote, parantu vareel 'flight' masikachya tukadyachya aadhare, watsonne 1915 madhye aar. aine. aii. madhye sevet pravesh ghetalyanantar heey yantra kayam thewale. tyachya akali mrutyunantar teey radd jhaale asanyachi shakyata hotee.
aayushyache shevatche varsh.
aajkal, concoursemadhil spardhak aanee nyayadhishanche prayatna serve visarale gele aahet, parantu yaa karyakramat agraganya asaleli anek vaishishtye aadhunik vimananvar punha udayas yene hotee. preston watsonsathi, haah karyakram yashasvi honyapeksha qamee tharala, parantu tyane tyachya karyapratiche tyache samarpan spasht kele. tyachya praveshacha eka sakaratmak parinam mhanje tyaa varshi uddan niyatkalikatil lekhanantar tyache siddhant vyapak prekshakanna dnyat jhaale, jithe tyane tyachya rocking vingchya niyantran paddhatibaddal tapshilvar mahitee dilee.
august 1914 madhye pahilya mahayuddhachya ghoshanesah, watsonla royal flying corpschya sevesathi svayamsevak honyachi aasha hotee-tyane patni aanee phaar purvichya yugachya svayamsevak mhanoon eka aayog aayojit keela hota, parantu tyala nakarnyat aale, tyache varnan kele gele qee too khoop mhatara aahe (vayachya 34 vya varshi) udanyasathi. bahudha 1914 chya uttaradhat lihilelya tyachya patni beatricela lihilelya patrat, elistyre doubleu madhye prakashit jhaale. blair aanee elistair smith yanchya 'daad pioneer flying achievements auph preston watson' yaa pustakat, preston yanni lithuaniamadhye janmalelya lio anatol jukes jhalelya baithakiche spashtikaran dile aahe, jyanna yuddh karyalayane tyanchya sansthedvare parvanyakhali viman tayar karnyasathi niyukt kele hote, jukes aviation londonchya willsden yethe kaam karate aanee varvar pahata changle jodalele aahe, jyanni tyanna suchavale qee too kadachit farnbero yetheel royal viman karkhanyat commissionmadhe tyala madat karoo shakel.
watsonne lihilelya aanee vareel pustakat prakashit jhalelya patrannusar, tyane jyukchi chhayachitre aanee tyachya khadkal pankhanche prayog aanee vimananche lekhee tapasheel dakhavale. jukesla yaa rachnet kharokharach rus hota aanee watsonne yuddh karyalayala yantrache sarvajanik pratyakshik denyasathi too vyavastha karel assa dawa tyane keela. spashtapane heey ghadale nahee aanee watsonla jukanni (bahudha) kramank 3 tayar karnyachya prastavamule qamee utsah aala hota. laurd kitchenerkade pravesh asalelya aanee watsonla commission midave ashee vinanti karananya tyachya patnine watsonla vinanti kelee hotee aanee watsonne yuddh karyalayat machine dakhvinyapurvi tyachya antarvahamadhye jyookchya kharchane badal kele jaave assa dawa karnari juke watsonkade parat aalee. watsonchya swatachya anichhemule, bahudha yapaiki kahihi jhaale nahee, kaaran too eka patrat mhanato qee too jyookchya tajya prastavavar "gondhal" ghalat aahe.
yapaiki eka patra watsonchya swatachya vimanabaddalachya narajiche sanket dete, jaree heey nemke kashabaddal asoo shakate heey adnyat aahe. concourse deey laa securite aine aeroplane spardhet tyachya yantrachya kamgirivar too naraj hota qee tyachya prayoganchya pragaticha aanee/kinwa sampoorn manyatecha abhav hota?
adhikrut strotandvare uddan aayog midvanyachya pragativar samadhan naan jhalyane, watsonne london vimantal, hendon yetheel london aanee prantiy shaletil shikshanasathi paise deuun swatachi uddan patrata midvanyacha prayatna keela. december 1914chya akheris, ell andd pii shalechya prashikshakanni bandhalelya ell andd pii biplane yaa swadeshi vimanache prashikshan gheuun, jeey codron jee. 3 sarkhe hote, teey ektech gele hote.
16 march 1915 roji, watsonla tyache royal ero club pramanpatra, kramank 1,117 pradan karnyat aale, jeey ell andd pii biplanemadhye pilotcha parwana midvanyachya samatulya hote, aanee teey sadhya kele...24 march 1915 chya 'viman' chya ankatil nondinnusar utkrusht shailit. 26 februwari 1915 chya 'uddan' chya ankatil prushth 145 chya talashi london aanee prantiy shaleche vidyarthi aanee prashikshakanche chhayachitra aahe; watson chamadyachi udanari topi ghaloon mendhya disana clive koletchya shejari ubha asalela, nantar capton clive franklin collet emm. see., blainheim, newzealandjawal spring krikmadhil mahan yuddh ladhau ess aanee royal flying corpscha pahila sadasya jyane vimanatoon parachute kele.
tathapi, marchchya akheris, ell andd pii shaleche pramanpatra aadhich asoonahi, watsonne hendon yetheel bitty shalet uddan prashikshanasathi nondani kelee aanee 31 march 1915 chya 'daad airplane' masikachya ankat 'atirikt sarav' mhanoon soochibaddha asalelya goshti suru kelya, tyaa shaleche bitty-rait biplane udavale.
30 juuna 1915 roji, royal nevel air sarvhisache flight sub-leftnunt preston watson englandmadhil kent aanee eastburn, east susax yetheel easturech darmyan codron jee. 3 3266 uddan karat asatana tyache viman achanak eka mothya unchivarun jaminivar budale aanee heathfieldjavalil cross-inn-hand hotelpasoon kahee mailanvar asalelya dunley fieldmadhye kosalale. yaa apghatat watsoncha mrutyu jhaala. teey 34 varshanche hote.
preston watsonla 5 julai roji dundy yetheel pashchimi smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale. hii kabar pahilya varchya gachchichya agadi aadhi aahe. pandhya lambachorsavar udatana kabutar asate. tyanchya pashchat eka vidhva aanee done lahan mule assa parivar hota. tyachya vimananche aanee tyachya sanshodhanache kaay jhaale heey maheet nahee.
codron kosalanyamage nemke kaay ghadale heey kadhihi purnapane spasht kele gele nahee; kahinni asey gruhitak kele qee vimanala sanrachanatmak bighad jhaala, kaaran shejarchya shetat eka pankh sapadala hota. engine nikami hone heey dekhil apghatache sambhavya kaaran asalyache suchavanyat aale hote. watsonchya aar. aine. aii. apghat kardat keval tyachi hatya kevha aanee kuthe jhaali heey namood karoon konatehi sanket naheet.
adhikaranpurviche vijevar chalanare dave.
preston watsonchi kamgiri, jaree netradipak nasali taree, 1903 chya unhalyat tyacha dhakata bhau james yachyakadun udbhavalelya adhikaryanpurvichya adhikaryanchya chukichya davyanmule aaj sanshayachya najares aanali jaate. elistyre doubleu. chya matey. blair aanee elistair smith yanni 'daad pioneer flying achievements auph preston watson' yaa pustakat james watson yanni 21 aktoobar 1949 roji londonchya vidnyan sangrahalayala lihilelya patrat davyachi mahitee gola karnyas suruvat kelee. 'manchester guardian' vruttapatrachya 15 december 1953 chya ankat james yanni yaa davyacha sandarbh denara eka lekh prakashit keela hota, jaree too dawa sarvajanikaritya manya kelela pahila lekh navhata. yanantar, james watsonne 17 december 1903 roji rait bandhunchya pahilya vijevar chalana uddanala 50 varshe purn jhalyachya smaranarth, londonmadhil dorchester hotelmadhil royal ero clubsobat sanyukt ratrichya jevanachya madhyamatoon royal aeronautical societyshi sampark sadhala, jyat chhayachitre aanee pratyaksh sakshidaranchya vruttansah purava hota qee preston watsonne rait bandhunsamor vijevar chalanare viman udavale. watson histree' yaa shirshakachya 'aeronautics' masikachya februwari 1954 chya ankat aanakhi eka lekh prakashit jhaala, jyamadhye james watsonne tyachya davyacha punaruchchar keela, jaree masikachya sampadakane vachakanna savadhgirine sallah deela qee; 'preston watson niyantrit aanee satatyapurn uddanasathi vidyaman pradhanyachya davyanna adthala aanoo shakato yachee aamhala khatri nahee."
victoria aanee albert sangrahalayache sanchalak aanee vyavsayik vimanchalan sanshodhak charles gibbs-smith yanni watsonchya davyacha jordar tapas keela. gibbs-smithche nishkarsh tyachyakade sadar kelyane akheris watson daad yangarkadoon daav badalanyas bhag padale. aii pioneer inn scotland" yaa shirshakachya "aeronautics" masikachya december 1955 chya ankat prakashit jhalelya jamesney, "prestonche pahile viman enginevina hote" aanee "1903 chya unhalyat chachani uddane bhoolane karnyat aalee" asey mhanat, tyach masikat prakashit jhalelya kathepeksha tyachi katha badalali. gibbs-smithala lihilelya patrat jamesney asehi lihile, "1903 madhye erolmadhye vaparlele 'machine' preston heey eka chalanare machine hote assa mea dawa karat nahee."
ujave prakarche glyder.
yaa 'kabulijbab' neey afavanna janm deela qee prestonne tyaveli 'rait type glyder' tayar keela hota, jaree assa konatahi dawa yapurvi disala navhata. watson kutumbacha jawalcha mitra, kings collegechya dant vibhagache majee pramukh, dantchikitsak johnn bail milne, jyanni prestonche sarvat june udanare yantra pahile asalyacha dawa keela hota, parantu teey uddanat pahile navhate, tyanchyamadhye eka tathakathit vishvasarh srot sapadala.
gibbs-smithchya patravyavaharat, bail milnene nantar vimanache varnan asey kele, "...nishchitach eka glyder, tyat skid hote. donhi pankh ekach kalavadhitil, heey samanya dvi-vimanachya bandhaniche hote. tyachya samore eka lift hotee."1961 madhye dilelya eka mulakhatit, milnela aathavate qee watsonne tyacha glyder tayar keela hota...1903 chya uttaradhat kinwa 1904 chya suruvatila, "tyaveli too aanee preston"...teey vidyapith mahavidhyalayat (dundi) bhautikshastrachya varganna jaat hote."
vishesh mhanje, 15 august 1957 roji gibbs-smithala lihilelya patrat james watsonne vareel bail milnechya sakshila nakarle, assa sallah dett qee too 1903 madhye upasthit naslyamule, too aanee preston jyaa yantrachi chachani ghet hote teey eka rocking-wing viman hote heey tyala disu shakale nasate, bail milnene samore-aarohit lift asalele biplane glyder pahile yaa vastusthitivar teeka kelee. done varshanpurvi 'aeronautics' masikat tyaa varshi prestonne eka shaktiheen viman udavale hote assa dawa swatah kelyamule aanee nantar gibbs-smithala lihilelya patrat, jamesla tyachya swatachya sakshidaranmadhil visangatinchi jaaniv hotee qaa, asey ekhadyala aashchary vatate, kaaran tyache dave eka eka karoon nakarle gele hote.
preston watsonne 1903 madhye glyder kinwa konatehi viman tayar kele yaa davyala prashnachinh tharate, teey mhanje james watsonne ekapeksha jaast prasangi sarvajanikaritya swatashi virodh keela.
1953 madhye pahilyanda dawa kelyanantar gibbs-smithne dabav taklyanantarach james watsonne kabool kele qee 1903 madhye prestonne udavalele viman glyder hote. yaa kabulipurvi, watsonne bandhalelya glydercha kadhihi ullekh navhata, james, pratyakshadarshinni tyachya mool davyachya samarthanarth sadar kelele james kinwa swatah preston watson yanni kelela ullekh navhata.
preston watsonne yaa vimanat tyachi pahili uddane nemki kevha kelee, heey james watsonchya samarthakanchya najaret yaa prakaranacha gabha aahe. raitchya aadhi vijevar chalana uddanasathi konatyahi davedarasathi, raitchya pahilya vijevar chalana uddananchi tarikh (17 december 1903) ashee asate jevha asha uddanansathi purv-tarikh asane aavashyak asate. tyamule, kathitpane ghadalelya asha ghatanechya sumare pannas varshannantar, tee ghatana jyaa konee aathavate, tyachyasathi 1903 kinwa tyapurviche varsh uddhrut karane soyiche aahe. heey dekhil ullekhaneey aahe qee james watsonne watsonchya vijevar chalana uddanansathi tyachya prakaranachi tayari kartana jyaa pratyakshadarshi sakshidaranchi mulakhat ghetali, tyapaiki konihi tyanni chukun udanara glyder pahila asey namood kelele nahee; tyaa sarvanna vijevar chalanare viman disale. fakt bail milnemadhye watson glyderchi aathvan hotee aanee tarihi tyane teey udatana kadhich pahile nahee.
vadgrast dave.
30 juuna 1915 roji prestonchya mrutyuchya chaukashit, tyachya vadilanni sangitale qee tyacha mulga,..gelya saat varshanpasun tyanni uddanat khoop rus ghetala hota, asey suchavat qee jyaa varshi prestonne uddanabaddal aapale aakarshan suru kele heey tyanna maheet hote teey varsh 1908 hote, jyaa varshi wilber raitane pahilyanda europemadhye uddan kele aanee rait bhavachya karnamyanchya batamya mothya pramanat lokansathi upalabdh jhalya. matra, eka varshapurvi tyanni udatya yantransathi paytant prakashit kele hote yaa vastusthitichya aadhare, tyanni 1908 purvi vimanchalan kshetrat rus dakhavila hota, parantu hya tapasanyane assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee, yashasvi viman mhanje kaay heey samajoon ghenyachya babatit, tyaa kalatil tyanchya kalpana aprasangik hotya.
watsonne 1907 chya uttaradhat uddan yantransathi petantsathi arj keela asala taree, tyachya kalpana samavisht karnare viman bandhale gele asate, tarr jagatil serve ichchashaktisaha teey kadhihi jameen sodalele nasate. 1903 madhye watsonne bandhalelya konatyahi prakarchya uddan yantrachya samore udane hii aanakhi eka vastusthiti aahe. uddan sadhya karnyachya paddhatinvaril tyanche purviche sanshodhan yashasvi jhaale asate tarr teey itake bholepanache kaam qaa tayar kartil?
vadavivadache aanakhi eka kaaran mhanje preston watsonne 1906 madhye brazilian vimanchalak alberto santos-dumontshee sampark sadhala aanee tyachyakadun eka duthel chalmers engine vikat ghetale. 1955 madhye, johnn bail milnene charles gibbs-smithala vaiyaktikpane sangitale qee motor kharedi karnyache varsh 1906 hote. heey shakya jhaale nasate, kaaran 1907 paryant duthel chalmers andd seene tyanche pahile ero-engine bandhale navhate. nantarchya mulakhatit bail milnene tarikh badaloon eka varshanantar kelee, jyamule tyachya aadhichya vidhananchya vaidhatevar prashnachinh upasthit jhaale.
chhayachitranmadhye watsonchya pahilya rocking wing vimanat basavaleli duthel chalmers motor disate, parantu gibbs-smithne nantar tee emm. laa sadar kelee. charles dolphus, parisachya leey borget yetheel musey dii laal 'airche sanchalak, jyanni 1908 kinwa 1909 madhye chaar cylinder 40 echpi duthel chalmers motor mhanoon yachee pushti kelee. jarr watsonne santos-dumontcadoon duthel chalmers engine vikat ghetale asate, tarr kharedi honyachi sarvat junie tarikh 1908 hotee.
james watsonne aanakhi eka chukiche vidhan kele qee prestonkade kramank hota. 3 francemadhye pathvanyat aale aanee tyanni eka spardhet pravesh keela, jyamadhye tyanna suraksha puraskar midala. yacha konatahi purava kuthehi sapadat nahee. francemadhil prestonne tyachya konatyahi vimanat pravesh kelelya ekmev spardhet concourse dii laa securite aine aeroplane hii hotee, jyamadhye tyache kramank 3 viman apatra tharale hote. kahee srot watsonchya kramank 3 neey 1913 madhye suraksha puraskar jinkla tyaa tarkhecha hawala detat, parantu 1 janewari teey 1 julai 1914 darmyan aayojit kelele concourse heey asha prakarche pahile hote.
pratyakshadarshi.
adhikaryanpurvichya uddananchya bahutansh davyanpramanech, james watsonne sadar kelela ekmev samarthan purava pratyakshadarshincha hota. itar davedaranpramanech, watsonne puravaleli pratyakshadarshi khaatee ekmekanshi visangat aahet aanee kathit ghatana ghadalyanantar kiman pannas varshanni tee kelee gelee aahet. yaa sandarbhat watson prakaran newzealandchya vimanchalan pravartak richard piercechya prakaranashi samantar aahe. 19 december 1959 roji eka jee. laa lihilelya patrat. charles gibbs-smithala richard nashpatibaddalchi mahitee sadar kelyanantar, boult haah boltla pratyakshadarshinchya davyanpasun savadh rahanyacha sallah deto. watson prakaranababat teey mhanatat qee katha aanee chhayachitre 1953 madhye prakashit jhalyanantarah
flight' masikachya 15 meey 1914 chya ankat, preston watsonne swatah mhatale aahe qee, tyanchya swatachya shabdat, 'heey sajjan, lekhak, vyavharik margane uddan karnare pahile hote' aanee tyanchya aayushyat kadhihi tyanni tyaa vidhanacha virodh keela nahee. yaulat, james aanee itaranchya prestonchya adhikaranpurvichya uddan-shaktichya sanshayaspad davyanvaril sakshidaranmadhye visangati, tathyanmadhil badal aanee samanya truti aahet. heey lakshat gheuun, yaa vishayavar prestonchya swatachya shabdanche khandan karane katheen aahe.
1910 madhye 'dundy kurier' madheel lekhanmadhun watsonchya pahilya aanee dusya vimananchya purn tarkhanchi pushti karananya pushti, tyane yapurvich rocking wing viman tayar kele aanee udavale yaa soochanevar thund paanee otate. tarihi afava kayam aahet, 'daad pioneer flying achievements auph preston watson' yaa pustakachya pasantimule kahee qamee nahee, jeey visangati aanee chukanni bharalele aahe aanee pramukhyane james watsonchya apramanik sakshinvar avalambun aahe.
matra, jamesney pahilyanda aapale dave kelyapasoon watsonchya karyacha tathyatmak tapasheel ughad jhalyane lekhancha puur aanee vartamanpatre aanee masikanmadhil badnam batmyanche punha dave rokhata aale naheet. ujavya vicharsaranichya pahilya vijevar chalana uddananchya 100vya vardhapan dinanimitt, patrakaranni hii batami ghetali aanee james watsonchya tyach uddharanancha aanee tyanchya darmyanchya vidhanancha punarvapar karoon, sthanik vruttapatranmadhye 'tyanche' vishesh prakashit kele.
preston watsonvishayichi tathye december 1953 purvipramanech aajahi lokansathi aspasht aahet aanee james watsonne nantar aaplya bhavabaddal kelele dave sarvajanikaritya nakarle asale taree, ajunahi asey anek aahet jeey tyachya katheche sarvasamaveshak khandan kele gele aahe heey manya karnyas nakar detat.
kutumb.
tyache lagn beatrice phillip (1882-1971) yachyashi jhaale hote. tyancha mulga ronald stuart watson (1908-1941) royal navie svayamsevak rakheev dalat leftnunt mhanoon kaam karat asatana samudrat marla gela.