solidago

solidago, jyala samanyatah golden rods mhanatat, haah esteracy kutumbatil fulanchya vanaspatinchya sumare 100 teey 120 prajatincha eka vansh aahe. bahutek vanaushadhiyukt barmahi prajati aahet jyaa kurane, gavatal pradesh aanee savana yasarkhya khulya bhagat aadhaltat. teey bahutek uttar americetil moolche aahet, jyat mexicocha samavesh aahe; kahee prajati mool dakshin america aanee eurasiachya aahet. kahee american prajati europe aanee jagachya itar bhaganmadhyehi aanalya gelya aahet.
varnan.
"solidago prajati yaa lakadi kadya kinwa prakandanpasun prakandanpasun barmahi prajati aahet. tyanchya dethanchi shreni decumbent (rengalane) teey chadhane kinwa ubhe asane ashee asate, jyachi unchi eka meterpasoon eka meetarpeksha jaast asate. bahutek prajati shakhavihin asatat, parantu kahee vanaspatichya varchya bhagat shakha darshavtat. paaney aanee deth donhi chamakdar (cases nasaleli) pasoon teey tarunpanachya vividh prakaranparyant (strigose, strigillose, hispid, statited-granthi kinwa vilas) badaltat. kahee prajatinmadhye, phul yenyapurvi mulchi paaney galavali jaatat. pananche kaath samanyatah sampoorn asatat, parantu anekada judd raktastrav darshavtat. kahee paaney asteressiver nehamichya pinnet veneshanaivaji trikutit venation pradarshit karoo shakatat. heey phool kentakiche rajya phool dekhil aahe.
fulanche shirobindu sahasa vikiranit prakarche asatat (vishisht kirane aanee disk phule asalele vishisht dezzy fulanche shirobindu) parantu kadhikadhi discoid (keval mishra, nirjantukikaran, narr aanee prakaranchya disk phule asalele) asatat. keval kiran phuln hii maadee asatat, itar narr, hermaphrodietic kinwa sampoorn nirjantukikaran karnari asatat. haid involukers heey dandgolakar kinwa ksheen karnyasathi campanulate asatat. fulanche corolas sahasa pivale asatat, parantu kahee prajatinchya (jase qee solidago bicolor) kiran fulanmadhye pandhare asatat; teey samanyatah cases nasalele asatat. hedmadhye sahasa 2 teey 35 disk phule asatat, parantu kahee prajatinmadhye heey 60 paryant jaau shakate. tantunche mishran korolachya madhyabhagachya tulanet tyachya talajaval ghatale jaate. anek dokya samanyatah jatil sanyug fulanmadhye gatbaddh kelya jaatat jithe dokya anek resum, panicals, corimb kinwa sekand arreymadhye (serve phule ekach bajula) mandalya jaatat.
"solidago sayapsela heey aakunchanik teey dandgolakar aakarache asatat aanee kahivela teey kahise sankuchit asatat. tyanna sahasa aath teey 10 bargadya asatat aanee teey cases nasalele kinwa madhyam aakarache asatat. barbellet bristals pups khoop motha asato.
unhalyachya uttaradhat uttaradhat tyanchya sarkhyach chamakdar, soneri-pivalya fulanchya dokyanmule anek goldenroad prajatinmadhye farak karane katheen asoo shakate. prasar haah aanee vitalalelya biyanyandware kinwa jaminikhalil prakand pasaravun keela jaato, jeey ekach vanaspatichya vanaspatijanya pratirupanchya vasahati tayar karoo shakatat. tee bahutek alpakalin zaade asatat aanee unhalyachya uttaradhat aanee sharad rutuchya suruvatila fulatat. kahee prajati aadrata bharpur asatana kinwa hawaman ubdar aanee suryaprakashat asatana mubalak pramanat amrut tayar karatat.
tartarmicoide' haah vibhag kadhikadhi 'oligonuron' haah eka vegala vansh manla jaato aanee sapat-shirshasthani golakar corimbiform fulanchya shirshandvare takala jaato.
vargikaran.
"solidago haah asteracy (purvi composite mhanoon olakhala jaanara) kutumbatil aahe, eka vaividhyapurn aanee vyapak vansh aahe jyamadhye andaje 23,000 prajati aanee 12 jamati aahet, jyaa antarctica vagalata serve khandanmadhye rahatat. esteresimadhye, 'solidago' haah esteri jamatimadhye aanee solidagininei upajatit aahe.
aakarshastriy varn aanee aanvik puravyandvare soochit kelyapramane 'solidago' vansh monophylatic aahe. solidagochya serve prajati aushadhi vanaspati aahet, jyaa andaje 2 seen. mea. teey 2.5 mea. paryant unch vadhatat. pivalya teey teey rangachi, pisteyukt kirananchi phule aanee pivali, paripoorn disk phule hii 'solidago' fulanche vaishishtya aahet, jyanche aakarman vistrut aahe. nuclear aar. dii. aine. aii. chaa vapar karoon aanvik abhyasanni 'solidago' vanshavaril seema gruheet dharalya aahet, parantu up-vanshpramanavar utkranti sambandhanche vishleshan karnyat aanee 'solidago' pasoon konate samavisht karave aanee vegale karave heey paribhashit karnyat adachani aalya aahet.
"solidago" aanee sambandhit varg.
chrysoma", "euthemia" aanee "orecrysum" yasarkhya sambandhit esteracy vanshancha samavesh eka tappyavar kinwa dusarya velee "solidago" madhye karnyat aala aahe, parantu aakarshastriy puravyanni anyatha suchavale aahe. solidago aanee sambandhit upasamuhanchya aakarshastriy varnanchi tulana korivkam abhyasat, lekhak vansh vargikaran karnyachya vyaktinishthatevar aanee uttar american esteresichya vargikaranasambandhit vyapak pravruttinmadhye tyachi vyakhya kashee karavi yavar vichar karatat. cariotypechya drushtine 'solidago' aanee upasamuhanmadhye farsa kinwa konatahi farak disun aala nahee. tathapi, bahya aakarshastriy varn jase qee savay kinwa vanaspatiche samanya swaroop aanee vaishishtyancha sanch tyachya phenotypemadhye kassa yogdan deto; papscha aakar; aanee korola tubemadhun punkesar philaments mukt karnyacha bindu, yaa solidagosathi upayukt vargikaran yojana aahet, kaaran tyaa esteracy taxamadhye farak karnyasathi lagoo kelya jaatat. eka vargvaricha vichar serve varganna ekatra aanato aanee nantar yaa aakarshastratil vichalanakade durlaksh karato, tarr dusra varg yaa aakarshastriy vichalananvar adhik bharr deto. lekhakancha assa yuktivad aahe qee nantarche mutt lagoo kele pahije. vaishishtyanchya sapeksh vargikaranvishayak mahattvasathi konatahi saiddhantik paya naslyamule, teey thampane sangatat qee vargikaran paribhashit kartana savay heey eka kendriya vaishishtya asale pahije aanee tyanantar tyanchya abhyasat vicharat ghetalelya serve upasamuhanna ("bratchichetta", "chrysoma", "euthemia", "oligonuron" aanee "petradoria") "solidago" pasoon vegale kele pahije.
pananchya shareer rachnashastrachya abhyasatoon, pananchya vaishishtyanchya sanchatil itar goshtimbarobarach, mesophil, bundle aavaran vistar aanee midwain sanrachanetil farkanchi tulana karnyache parinam, aadhichya abhyasatil parinamanshi visangat aahet. bundle aavaran vistaranchya kamatartevar aadharit, asey suchavale jaate qee "chrysoma", "euthemia", "gundalachia" aanee "petradoria" heey vegale vargikaran asale pahije aanee "solidago" chya baher asale pahije. tathapi, "bratchichetta", "brintonia", "oligonuron", "oreocrysum" aanee "ester" heey "solidago" chey ghatak manale pahijet. thodakyat, yaa parinamanchya aadhare 'bratchichetta' aanee 'oligonuron' chaa 'solidago' shhee asalela sambandh visangat aahe. donhi 'solidago' pasoon 'chrysoma', 'euthemia' aanee 'petradoria' vegale karnyas samarthan detat. vargikaranvishayak puravyanchya aadhare, eka abhyasat solidagochya sapeksh 'oligonuron' chya vargikaranvishayak sthiticha aadhava ghetala jaato, aanee tyala 'solidago' pasoon vegale manale jaate, tasech kapoor aanee beaudery (1966). chloroplast dnaver aadharit pahili aanvik phylogeny 'bratchichetta', 'brintonia', 'oligonuron' aanee 'oreocrysum' yanna 'solidago' chey ghatak mhanoon manate. tyachya mahititoon sarvasamaveshak vrukshancha vapar karoon, dusarya abhyasat 'solidago' chaa bhag mhanoon 'oligonuron' aanee zhang (1996) chya nishkarshanna samarthan midale. agadi alikade, tyachya aanee eae. tii. ess. chya ektrit mahitichya vishleshanane 'solidago' chaa bhag mhanoon 'oligonuron' chaa samavesh karnyasathi atirikt samarthan pradan kele.
kele dashkaparyant, donhi vanshanmadhil prajatinmadhil aakarshastriy samanata aanee solidago lansolata aanee euthamia graminifoliachya samanarthitechya itihasamule 'euthemia' vansh mothya pramanat 'solidago' chaa eka bhag manla jaat asey. namood kelyapramane, solidagochya tulanet euthemiamadhye bundle aavaran vistarancha abhav aanee fulanchya aakarshastratil vichalan heey yaa varganchya pruthakkaranasathi purave sadar karatat. eka vansh mhanoon 'euthemia' chey vargikaran sadar karnyat aale, jyat tantumay-mule, cecil paaney aanee bahutek corimbiform fulzade yasarkhya bahya aakarshastriy varnanche tapshilvar varnan pradan kele gele.
solidago' madheel utkrantivadi sambandh.
gunasutranchi sankhya aanee aanvik pranalishastratil pragatimule 'solidago' madheel utkranti sambandhanchi adhik samaj saksham jhaali aahe. solidago" chey vargikaran prakashit jhaale tevha, sambandhit vargikaranamule, "chrysoma", "euthemia", "oligonuron" aanee "petradoria" yasarkhya vaad nirman korivkam varganna yaa vanshatoon vagalanyat aale hote. solidago prajatinchi sankhya tulanene sthir rahili aahe, sumare 120, tarr uttar americet andaje 80 aahet. naveen jaagtik vargasathi monophylatic samarthan aanee junya jaagtik vargasathi vargikaranvishayak adchaninmule, 1990 chya dashakat pradan kelelya vargikaranamadhye keval uttar american varg samavisht aahe aanee asha prakare solidagola naun-monophylatic manale jaate. vidyaman aanvik-aadharit jatijanya ghatak solidagosathi monophylatic aadhar pradan karatat, kaaran tyat 'oligonuron' chaa samavesh aahe.
solidago' vargikaranamadhye aanee vanshanchya cytogeographic itihasache spashtikaran kartana gunasutranchi ganana heey eka maulyavan patra asalyache siddha jhaale aahe. samaan gunasutranchi sankhya jawalche utkranti sambandh darshavu shakate, tarr bhinn gunasutra sankhya punarutpadak vilgikaranadvare durche sambandh soochit karoo shakatat. uttar americet gunasutranchya sankhyecha vyapak abhyas keela gela aahe; serve solidago prajatinmadhye x = 9 haah mool gunasutra kramank asato, parantu khaleel ploydi patali disun aalee aaheth 2x, 3x, 4x, 6x, 8x, 10x, 12x aanee 14x.
solidago aanee sambandhit vanshanmadhye cariotypemadhye jaree nagany farak aadhalala asala taree, anek cytotype asalele solidago taxa heey eka asalelya peksha adhik samanya aahet. jaree 'solidago' vargamadhye farak karnyasathi gunasutranchi ganana heey eka upayukt mapan asale, taree ploydichya patalitil varanvarchya badalanmule teey samasyapradhan asoo shakate. purv uttar americet tetraploids aanee oregon aanee washingtonmadhye hexaploids 'solidago gigantia' sankulatil cytogeographic namune pahile gele. cytogeographic namune dekhil 'solidago canadensis' sankulat disun yetatah hexaplieds 's. mothya maidani pradeshanchya poorves canadensische nirikshan kele gele aahe aanee tyanna solidago altisima manale jaate aanee mothya maidani bhagat aadhalanare dvigunit aanee tetraploids yanna solidago gilvocanasions manale jaate. solidago tartarmicoidschya vargikaranvishayak sthitimule 's' chya varanvartechya sankarikaranamule vyapak vaad nirman jhaala. solidagochya 'tartarmicoidae' vibhagachya sadasyansah 'tartarmicoids'. asey mhatale gele qee ess. samaan papus lambi tasech samaan gunasutra aadhar (x = 9) yasarkhya bahya aakarshastriy vaishishtyanmule 'ester' vanshapeksha 'solidago' saha tarmicoids 'ekatra kele gele pahijet. gunasutra sankhyebaddalchi mahitee ajunahi sadhyachya samajuticha aanee 'solidago' chya jatijananancha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe.
paryavaran.
goldenroad hii eka keystone prajati manali jaate aanee uttar american paragan jaivavividhatesathi teela sarvat mahattvachi vanaspati mhatale jaate. anek lepidoptera prajatinchya alya goldenroad prajatincha ann srot mhanoon vapar karatat. phulpakhare aanee patanganchya 104 prajati tyanchya alyansathi yazman vanaspati mhanoon vapartat aanee madhmashyanchya 42 prajati goldenroad tadnya aahet, jeey keval annapadarthansathi goldenroadla bhet detat. kahee lapidopteran alya vanaspatichya uutinmadhye vahoon jaatat aanee tyanchya bhovati pitt namak eka kandyukt ootee tayar karatat, jyavar alya nantar aahar ghetat. vividh parjivi tantu heey kanake shodhatat aanee alyanmadhye undy ghalatat, tyanchya andashayatil kankansah kandamadhye pravesh karatat. kathfodi karnare heey gale ughadanyasathi aanee madhyabhagi asalele keetak khanyasathi olakhale jaatat.
chean, japan, europe aanee aafrikesah tyanchya mool shrenibaheril jagachya anek bhaganmadhye goldenrads hii aakramak prajati bunley aahe. "madhya europemadhye bagetil vanaspati mhanoon sadar karnyat aaleli 'solidago canadensis' hii jangalat samanya jhaali aahe aanee germanymadhye sthanik vanaspatinna tyanchya naisargik adhivasatun visthapit karnari eka aakramak prajati manali jaate.
vapar aanee lagwad.
goldenroadchi tarun paaney khadya asatat. paramparikpane, mool american lock annasathi kahee prajatinchya biya vapartat. herble chaha kadhikadhi goldenroadpasoon banavala jaato.
goldenroad anekada manavanmadhye gavat taap nirman karato asey chukiche mhatale jaate. hii allergic pratikriya nirman karnare paragkan pramukhyane ragweed ("embrosia" sp.), goldenroadchya velich baharate aanee aanee paragan hote. goldenroad paragkan itake judd aanee chikat asate qee teey fulanpasoon door udavale jaau shakat nahee aanee pramukhyane kitkandware paragan kele jaate. goldenroad aanee itar fulanchya varanvar hatalanimule, tathapi, ellergychi pratikriya houu shakate, kahivela fulvalyanna vyavasay badalanyas bhag padnyaitaki chidchid houu shakate. madhmasha, masha, tantu aanee fulpakharansathi soneri kadtuse heey amrutanche aakarshak srot aahet. itar amrutanchya mishranamule sonyachya rassacha madh anekada gadad aanee majboot asato. tathapi, jevha madhacha pravah tivra asato, tevha eka halka (anekada paanee-spasht), masaledar-chav asalela monofluoral madh tayar hoto. madhmasha soneri rodpasoon tayar honara madh pikavat asatana, tyacha gandh aanee chav khoop jaast asate; tayar jhalela madh khoopach saumya asato.
kahee thikani suvarnapatta heey nasheeb kinwa sadbhagyache lakshan manale jaate. uttar americet anek lock tyanna tann manatat, parantu europemadhye tyanna bagetil vanaspati mhanoon maulyavan manale jaate, jithe british bagayatdaranni goldenroad haah bagecha vishay mhanoon swikarla. goldenroadla yuu madhye thodishi sweekruti miloo lagali.ess. 1980 chya dashakat bagkam (jangali fulanchya bagkamavyatirikt).
lagwad kelelya prajati.
lagvadikhalil sonyachya radyanmadhye 's' chaa samavesh hoto. dvi-rung, "ess. caesia, "ess. canadensis, ess. kataleri, "ess. ridelli, ess. rigida, "ess. laghuroop, "aanee" ess. virgoria ".
sankarit mool asalelya anek sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit sanvardhit solidaster' mhanoon olakhala jaanara 'ester' saha eka anumanit sankarit, qamee aniyantrit asato, fikat pivalya fulansah, valalelya vyavasthesathi titkach yogya asato. aanvik aanee itar purave × 'solidaster' (kiman kaltiwar 'lemore') heey 'solidago tartarmicoids' aanee 'solidago canadensis' chey sankarit asalyache darshavtat, jeey aata 'solidago' madhye aahe, parantu bahudha 'ester' vicharadhin aahe.
goldenmosa' yaa jaatee'
aanee 'ess."×" "lutius" "'lemore' laa royal horticultural societycha udyan gunavattecha puraskar midala aahe".
audhyogik vapar.
shodhak thomas edison yanni rubber tayar karnyasathi goldenroadcha prayog keela, jyamadhye naisargikaritya rubber asato. edisonne pratyek vanaspatimadhye rabarche praman jastit jaast vadhavanyasathi eka fertilisation aanee lagvadichi prakriya tayar kelee. tyachya prayoganni eka vanaspati tayar kelee jiche utpadan 12 takke rubber itake hote. tyacha mitra heinry phorda yane tyala dilelya model tii vareel tyre goldenroadpasoon tayar kele hote. george washington karvharpramanech, heinry phorda yanna matiche punarutpadak gunadharm aanee plastic, rung, indhan aanee itar utpadane tayar karnyasathi shengdane aanee soyabinsarkhya paryayi pikanchya kshamatemadhye kholvar rus hota. fordcha fordcha kalapasoon assa vishvas hota qee jagala akheris petrolchya paryayachi garaj bhasel aanee paryayi indhan mhanoon ethanolchya (kinwa dhanya alcohole) utpadanas pathimba deela. 1942 madhye, tyanni soyabinpasoon banavalelya halakya plasticchya bodys eka qaar pradarshit kelee. phorda aanee carver yanni 1934 madhye patradvare patravyavahar suru keela aanee 1937 madhye george washington carver yanni mishiganala bhet dilyanantar tyanchi paraspar prashansa adhik tivra jhaali. douglus bangley yanni 'vheels phaur daad world' madhye lihilyanusar, fordcha tyancha itihas, qaar utpadakane tuskegi sansthela udarpane daan kele, korivkam korivkamachyyaa prayoganna aarthik madat kelee aanee tyaa badalyat korivkam korivkam vyaktine kahee kaal georgiachya fordchya lagvaditil pikanvar dekhrekh thevanyat madat kelee.
dusare mahayuddha suru hoiparyant, george washington carverla priy balakade yenyas aanee yuddhakalin rabarchya kamataratechi bharpai karnyat madat karnyasathi synthetic rubber vikasit karnyat madat karnyasathi fordney tuskegicha varanvar pravas keela hota. 19 julai 1942 roji koreev kaam karnara aala aanee tyane priy balamadhye junya jalkaryachya imaratit eka prayogshala ubharali. tyane aanee fordney god batate aanee dandelians vividh pikancha prayog keela, akheris goldenroad yaa vanaspati tanala rubbery paryay banvinyacha marg tayar keela, joou vyavsayikdrushtya vyavharya aahe. karvharche janewari 1943 madhye nidhan jhaale, april 1947 madhye phorda, parantu tyanchya done sansthanmadhil sambandh bharbharatila aaleh alikadech 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, fordney tuskegi yetheel george washington carver schoola done varshant $40 lakhanche anudan dile.
dile mahayuddhadarmyan rabarcha srot mhanoon goldenroadche vyaparikaran karnyasathi vyapak prakriya vikas aayojit karnyat aala hota. rubber keval pananmadhye asato, khod kinwa phule nahee. pananmadhye samanyatah rabarche praman 7 takke asate. parinami rubber qamee aanvik vajanacha asato, parinami qamee tanyata gunadharm asalele atee chikat sanyug tayar hote.
paramparik aushadh.
"jivanujanya sansarg kinwa mutrapindatil dagadanmule honari jaljal aanee jaljal rokhanyasathi vanaushadhi aushadhanche chikitsak paramparik mootrapind tonicmadhye 'solidago virgoria' vapartat. potassiumcha rassa aanee vishisht rasanchya sanyogane, barey honyachya upvasadarmyan mootrapind kinwa mutrashayachya swachchatesathi kahee sutranmadhye goldenroad dekhil vaparla jaato. kahee mool american sanskruti paramparikpane ghasa khavkhavane door karnyasathi paaney chaghalatat aanee datdukhi door karnyasathi mule.
aushadhi shodh.
solidago varjoriyachya sandarbhat european aushadh sansthene kelelya vividh mulyankananmadhye, gair-chikitsalayin aakadevari mutravardhak, dahak, antioxidant, vedanshamak aanee spasmolitic, jivanuvirodhi, burshivirodhi, karkarogvirodhi aanee rogpratikarak kriya darshavate. tathapi, yaa parinamansathi konatahi ghatak jababdar naslyamule, solidago fulanchya sampoorn vanaushadhi tayar karane haah sakriy ghatak manla jaane aavashyak aahe.
sanskrutik mahatva.
goldenroad heey yooche rajya phool aahe.ess. kentki (1926 madhye dattak) aanee nebrasca (1895 madhye dattak) hii rajye. "solidago altisima", unch goldenroadla 2003 madhye dakshin carolinache rajya jangali phul asey naav denyat aale. god goldenroad ("solidago odora") hii delawarechi rajya aushadhi vanaspati aahe. goldenroad heey alabamache rajya phool hote, parantu nantar cameliachya bajoone teey nakarle gele.
vividhata.
 
sweekrut prajati.
srot
purvi samavisht.
purvi solidagoche sadasya manalya manalya asankhya prajati aata itar vanshasathi adhik yogya manalya jaatat, jyat "brintonia, dahaladia, euthemia, gundalchiya, inula, jacobia, leptostelma, oleria, ciadia, senesio, sphegneticala, symphyotricum, triaxis" aanee "zylothemia" yancha samavesh aahe.

