sanskrut kriyapad

sanskrutala tyachya mool mool, proto-indo-european bhashekadun varsa midala aahe, jee maukhik aakarshastrachi eka vistrut pranali aahe, jyapaiki bahutek pracheen greek kinwa lattinsarkhya itar sambandhit bhashanchya ulat sampoorn sanskratmadhye jatan kelee gelee aahe. asha prakare sanskrut kriyapadanmadhye kaal, pailu, manahsthiti, aavaj, sankhya aanee vyakti yaa vegvegalya sanyojanansathi eka paravartan pranali asate. sahbhagansarkhi amaryad rupe dekhil mothya pramanat vaparali jaatat.
tathapi, junya vaidik sanskratchya tulanet maukhik pranalichi kahee vaishishtye shastriy bhashet haravali aahet aanee itar prakarananmadhye, vegvegalya kalanmadhye astitvat asalele bhed nantarchya bhashet aspasht jhaale aahet. asha prakare shastriy sanskratmadhye sanyugma kinwa aadnyatmak manahsthiti nasate, vividh anant rupe qamee jhaali aahet aanee apoorn, paripoorn aanee aurist swarupanmadhil arthatil farak kvachitach rakhala jaato aanee shevati haravala jaato.
moolbhut.
sanskratmadhil kriyapadachya sanyogamadhye khaleel chalansah paach 'pariman', sankhya, vyakti, aavaj, manahsthiti aanee kaal yancha parasparsanvad samavisht aaheh 
pudhe, sahbhag jaree swatah kriyapad nasale taree maukhik pranalincha bhag manale jaatat aanee itar sanskrut sandnyanpramanech, teey teen ling aanee teen sankhyansathi saat kinwa aath prakarananmadhye nakarle jaau shakatat.
shastriy sanskratmadhye keval eka anant, aaropatmak prakaran-swaroop aahe.
imarat khand.
mule.
sanskrut kriyapadachya aakarshastriy vishleshanacha prarambhik bindu mool aahe. heey paramparikpane ganiteey chinh σ vaparoon darshavile jaate; udaharanarth, "σ bhoo-" mhanje mool "bhoo-". 
pracheen vyakaranshastradnyanni mojaleli sumare 2000 mule aahet, jyapaiki nimmyahoon qamee pratyaksh vaparat pramanit aahet. punaravrutti aanee itar visangatinche vargikaran karnyas anumati dett, maukhik pranalicha vyavharik aadhar bananari kahishi 800 hoon adhik mule tasech bhashechya varshane midalelya nammatra tantucha motha bhag shillak aahe.
jawalchya indo-european bhashanchya tulanet, sanskrut bhasheche tyachya aakarshastriy sanrachanet adhik sahajpane vishleshan karata yete aanee tyachi mule sanvardhit ghatakanpasun adhik sahajpane vegale karata yetat.
khod aanee khod tayar hone.
antim samaptipurvi-sankhya darshavinyasathi, vyakti ii. lagoo kelee jaau shakate, moolat atirikt ghatak jodale jaau shakatat. asey ghatak chikatalele asot kinwa nasavet, yethe parinami ghatak haah khoda aahe, jyamadhye heey antim shevat nantar jodale jaau shakatat. 
khod tayar karnyasathi mudavar khaleel prakarche upchar shakya aaheth
upchar naheet.
yaa prakriyetil konatyahi antargat sandhichya niyamanchya adheen rahoon, vaiyaktik shevat thet mudavar konatyahi purvparivartanavina chikatalele asatat. kahee apavad vagalata, mool sakriy asalelya teen vyaktinmadhye uchcharan aanee guna shreni rakhoon thevate, tarr itaratra samapti uchcharan ghete aanee mool shreni kamkuvat hote.
yaa vargantargat sanskratmadhye sumare 130 mule yetat. pracheen indo-european bhashanmadhye sanskrut hii adviteey aahe, jyane hii pranali mothya pramanat jatan kelee aahe, jee itaranmadhye mothya pramanat nasht jhaali aahe. moolat shevat jodane dhvanyatmak badalanmule guntaguntiche asalyane, proto-indo-european tappyapasunach tyaeivaji vishayshastriy prakriya vaparanyachi pravrutti aahe.
pratyay.
konatihi vaiyaktik shevat jodanyapurvi sankalpanecha swar pratyay deela jaato. sanskratmadhye, heey '-aaa-' aahe, jeey proto-indo-european '*-oo-' aanee '*-aii-' pasoon varshane midale aahe. sankalpanetil swar jodalyane antargat sandhimule honari guntagunt talhata yete; yaa bhashetil bahusankhya kriyapad vishayavachak asatat.
sanskrutala proto-indo-europeanmadhun itar pratyay dekhil varshane midtatah "-yaa-", "-oo-/-noow-", "-naa-" aanee "-yaa-". yapaiki pahilya aanee shevatchya swaranmadhye vishayshastriy swarancha samavesh aahe tarr itar ganiteey aahet.
antarvirodh.
proto-indo-europeanmadhil aanakhi eka upchar mhanje mulatach eka ghatank ghalane. yaa upcharatoon jaat asaleli serve mule vyanjananmadhye sampatat. kamkuvat swarupat, infix heey fakt eka anunasik ("aine", "aine", "aine", "aine") asate, tarr majboot swarupat heey "-naa-" paryant vistarte aanee uchcharan dharan karate.
uchcharan aanee shrenikaran.
sanyugman darmyan, uchchar ektar mool swaravar kinwa shevati padoo shakato. vishayadharit kriyapadanmadhye, kahee mulanna nehmich uchchar midato, jyamadhye guna kinwa vrudhdiparyant shreni majboot hote, tarr itaranmadhye too nehmich shevati yeto. vishay-virodhi prakarananmadhye, uchcharanchi sthitee badalate. 
chull-sanvarg kriyapadansathicha samanya niyam assa aahe qee soochkamadhye ekvachan sakriy asalelya teen vyaktinmadhye gabhacha uchchar aanee guna shreni aahe aanee sakriy aanee sampoorn madhyabhagi duheri aanee bahuvachanamadhye, gabha shevati yeto aanee gabha tyachya kamkuvat swarupat asato.
punaravartan.
mool heey dvigunit honyachya adheen asoo shakate, jyamadhye khod tayar karnyachya prakriyet tyacha eka bhag swatashi jodala jaato. vyanjanat suru samapt mulansathi, too prarambhik vyanjak kinwa tyache sudharit swaroop ghetale jaate, tarr swarat suru samapt lokansathi, too agadi swar asato. 
upsarg vyanjanamadhye kele jaau shakanare sambhavya badal khaleel kahee vishisht udaharananmadhye pahile jaau shakatatah
vadhva.
moolanna purvasthitinchya rachnanmadhye (apoorn, aurist, pluperfect, sashart) 'aaa-' (paee 'aii-' pasoon) asey upsarg dile jaate. apavadavina vaadh yaa swarupat uchcharan karate. jevha mool konatyahi 'aay-', 'yuu-' kinwa 'aar' swaranni suru hote, tevha swar vrudhdichya adheen asato, gunachya adheen nasato. 
aavaj.
sanskrutala sadhya tyachya mool proto-indo-europeankadun vaiyaktik samaptinche done sanch varshane midale aahet, eka sakriy aavajasathi aanee dusra madhyam aavajasathi. jaree kahee kriyapade keval eka kinwa dusari darshavit asali taree kriyapade donhipaiki konatyahi eka aavajat sanyojit kelee jaau shakatat. 
mulat sakriy aavajane sanyugmanachya konasathi taree krutee suchavali aanee madhalya aavajane swatahsathi krutee kelee. shastriy sanskratchya kalaparyant, aanee visheshtah nantarchya sahityat, haah farak aspasht jhaala aanee anek prakarananmadhye akheris nahisa jhaala.
vaiyaktik shevat.
sanskratmadhil sanyugma shevat vyakti, sankhya aanee aavaj vyakt karatat. teey konatya tanavachya gathishi aanee manahsthitishi jodalele aahet yavar avalambun shevatche vividh prakar vaparale jaatat. sandhidvare kriyapadache gathe kinwa shevat swatach badalale jaau shakatat kinwa aspasht kele jaau shakatat. samaptichi saiddhantik rupe khalilpramane aaheth
prathamik shevat vartaman soochak aanee bhavishyatil swarupansah vaparale jaatat. duyyam shevat apoorn, sashart, aurist aanee optatives vaparale jaatat. paripoorn aanee apariharya shevat anukrame paripoorn aanee anivarya saha vaparale jaatat.
kriyapadache varg.
danda tayar karnyasathi tyanna samapt upcharanchya aadhare, sanskrut bhashechi mule pracheen vyakaranshastradnyandvar daha varganmadhye kinwa 'gana' madhye, teey sadhyache danda kase tayar karatat yavar aadharit, aanee pratyek vargasathi vaishishtyapurn asalelya kriyapadache naav deuun, vyavasthit kelee jaatat. 
yaa varganchya kramvarisathi konatehi shodhanyayogya vyakaran tattva sapadale nahee. adhik spashtatesathi khalee saranshit kelyapramane vishay-virodhi aanee vishay-aadharit gatanmadhye yachee punarrachana kelee jaau shakateh
"seth" aanee "anit" mule.
sanskrut mulanchehi, 'tyanchya' pasoon swatantrapane, teen gatanmadhye vargikaran kele jaau shakate, teey vishisht kaal chinhachya aadhi 'swar ghetat qee nahee yavar avalambun. sanskrut vyakaranshastradnyanni yaa swarasathi vaparleli sandnya 'asalyane, yaa done gatanna anukrame' (saha '),' (paryayi ') aanee' (viina ') asey mhanatat.
aay" haah dhwanichinh aahe joou vishisht, shabdikdrushtya paribhashit mulansathi vishisht aakarshastriy paristhitit disato, niyamitpane proto-indo-european (paee) swarayantra chaloo thevato, jase qee> "bhav i·tum" madhye aahe. paay swarayantra haah (yethe ekadvare darshavila gelela) payachya mulancha eka bhag hota heey lakshat ghya; too tyachya serve allomorphmadhye aadhalato, udaharanarth> "bhutaoos" (ablautmule paymadhye qamee hoto; swarayantra yaa sandarbhat adrushya hote, sanskratmadhye "oo" chya lambimadhye tyacha thasa sodate). shastriy sanskratmadhye, yaa 'aay' chee vyapti samaan badalanni vistrut jhaali.
ashtadyayimadhye yaa ghataneche samkalik vishleshan kahise vegale aaheh 'aay' dhwanila moodala moodala pratyayachi vaadh manale jaate. niyam 7.2.35 madhye asey mhatale aahe qee "aay" haah "vaay" vyatirikt itar vyanjanane suru samapt "ardhadhatuka" pratyayanna purvanishchit keela pahije; asha pratyayanche udaharan "-tama" (shastriy sanskrut anant) aahe.
done varganmadhil farkanche eka udaharan mhanje aurist-marker. kahee anit-mule "-s" pratyayasah aurist tayar karatat, tarr seet-mule "-is" dware pratyayali jaatat.
yaa sandnyenusar, swarayantrat swarat paichya mulanna sett-roots aanee itar serve anitt-roots dekhil mhanatat.
sanyog.
vyapti.
jawalchya indo-european bhashanpramanech, kaal, manahsthiti, aavaj, vyakti aanee sankhyanmadhye vareel aadharstambh vaparoon sanyog keela jaato, jyamule sanskratmadhye mothya sankhyene sanyojan hote. 
jethe form vaiyaktik shevat ghetat, sanyugmanachya shabdant jevha teey ekhadya vishayache purak asate, tevha tyanna maryadit form mhanatat. sanskratmadhyehi kahee vishayheen aahet, i.eae., amaryad rupe. manak paristhitit, shastriy sanskratmadhye khaleel rupe disatatah
shivay, sanskratmadhye tathakathit 'duyyam' sanyugman aaheth
anant nasaleli rupe ashee aaheth
mukhya bhag.
sanskrut kriyapadache kitee pramukh bhag aahet heey samanya karane katheen aahe, kaaran vegvegalya kriyapadachya prakaranchya shreni niyamitatechya vegvegalya anshansah vaparlya jaatat. bahusankhya kriyapadansathi, khalilpaiki pahilya paach prakaransah sanyugman purese spasht kele jaau shakateh
sadhyachi vyavastha.
sadhyachya pranalimadhye vartaman kaal, apoorn aanee isht aanee anivarya manahsthiti, tasech junya sanyugmatil kahee avashesh rupancha samavesh aahe. 
vishayshastriy varg.
serve vishayshastriy varganna aparivartaniy khod asatat aanee tyanche ant samaan asatat. darshavinyasathi, see. ell. chey sanyugma nirikshan qaraa. 1 kriyapad "ρ bhoo-bhav-". heey mool bandukyukt aahe aanee mool aksharamadhye taana dharan karate heey lakshat ghya.
upasthit.
sadhyache soochak prathamik shevat ghete.
apoorn.
apoorn vruddhi aanee duyyam shevat ghete. vadhila apavad naan karata nehmich uchchar asato.
aichchhik.
sadhyacha optative pratyay '-e' aanee ganiteey duyyam shevat gheto.
anivarya.
atyavashyak goshtichya vishesh samaptincha swatacha sanch asato. yapaiki kahee prakar mool sanyugmatil avashesh aahet.
ganitache varg.
upasthit.
sadhyache soochak ekvachanat majboot khod aanee itaratra kamkuvat khod vaparale. yethe udaharan mhanoon vaparlelya 'ρkr-' sathee, kamkuvat danda antim '-u-' kadhikadhi '-v-' aanee '-m-' madhye samapt honyapurvi vagalala jaato.
varg 3 sathee paryayi form (varg nutanikaran) "huu-" saha darshavile aahet.
apoorn.
apoorn vyakti donhi dethancha vapar vartmanapramanech karate.
aichchhik.
aichchhik pratyay "-yaa-" sakriy madhye aanee "-eae-" madhyabhagi gheto; tyanchya samoril khoda nehmich kamkuvat asato. yethe 'kuru-' khodatil antim '-uu-' punha aniyamitpane padala jaato.
anivarya.
anivarya serve pahilya vyakti swarupanmadhye majboot khoda vaparte, tasech asalelya vyaktiche ekvachan sakriy asate. 
sakriy asalelya sanyugmanachya vyaktila shevat nasato (varg 5, varg 8), '-dhee' (bahutek varg 3,7, tasech varg 1 vyanjananmadhye sampato), kinwa '-hii' (varg 9, varg 3 'aaa' madhye aanee varg 1 swaranmadhye; heey varg sahasa proto-indo-europeeymadhye swarayantranmadhye sampatat).
paripoorn pranali.
paripoorn pranalimadhye keval paripoorn goshtincha samavesh asato. khoda haah dvigunit swarasah tayar hoto; dvigunit swar sahasa 'aaa' asato, parantu teey asalelya kriyapadansathi 'yuu' kinwa 'aay' asato.
hii pranali kriyapadachi swatantra 'majboot' aanee 'kamkuvat' rupe dekhil tayar karate-eka sakriy ekvachanasah majboot 'guna' swaroop vaparale jaate aanee urvarit eka shoonya-shreniche kamkuvat swaroop vaparale jaate. kahee kriyapadanmadhye, mool shabdansh judd hoiparyant tisari aanee paryayipane pahili vyakti aanakhi majboot kelee jaate.
vyanjananmadhye sampanare bahutek kriyapad, vyanjananchya shevatasamor paripoorn kalamadhye 'seth' mhanoon vagatat. "yethe darshavilele "ρkr-" heey eka apavad aahe.
aurist pranali.
aurist pranalimadhye aurist yogya (bhootkalatil soochak arthasah, ii.jee. "aabhooh" "tumhi hota") aanee pracheen aadeshache kahee prakar (pratibandhanmadhye jawaljawal keval "maa" saha vaparale jaatat, udaa.jee. "maa bhooh" 'houu nakaa'). yaa doghanmadhye asalela mukhya farak mhanje vadhichi upasthiti/anupasthiti-'aaa-' haah gathila purvanirdharit kelela asato.
aurist pranalichya gathimadhye pratyakshat teen bhinn rachana aaheth sadhee aurist, reduplicating aurist (shabdarthadrushtya karak kriyapadashi sambandhit) aanee cibilant aurist. 
ruut aurist.
heey aurist thet ganiteey duyyam shevat moolat jodoon tayar kele jaate. mulat yaa prakaramadhye ekvachan aanee bahuvachanasathi vegvegale majboot aanee kamkuvat khod hote, parantu yaa prakarala anumati denare aanee yaa prakarchya auristcha vapar karnare kriyapad apavadatmakapane durmil aahet. 
ρgam-" aanee "ρdā-" pasoon; nantarche asalelya vyaktichya bahuvachanat "-us" ghete.
vedatoon nirman jhalelya kamkuvatatechya dnyat udaharananmadhye sakriy bahuvachanatil 'ρvrj-' pasoon 'avarjan', ekvachanatil madhyabhagi 'ρdha-' pasoon 'aadhita' aanee 'ρkr-' pasoon vividh rupancha samavesh hoto. yaa vargache madhyam aavaj prakar shastriy kalat jawaljawal astitvat naheet, jeey sahadharmiy vargadvare badalale jaat aahet.
aii-ruut aurist.
haah varg vishayadharit shoonya-shrenichya mulasah tayar keela jaato aanee niyamit vishayshastriy shevat gheto.
ρsic-" pasoonah
ess-aurist.
niyamit 'anit' kriyapadansathi haah sarvat faldayi aurist varg aahe, joou moodala 'ess' pratyay deuun banavala jaato. serve sakriy aavaj prakar 'vrudhdi' shreni vapartat aanee madhyam prakar sarvat kamkuvat shreni vapartat jee judd mool shabdansh tayar karate; 'ρkr-' aanee 'aaa' madheel kahee kriyapade nantarchyaivaji aniyamitpane shoonya shreni vaparu shakatat.
ρji-" pasoonah
ρtud-" pasoonah
too-aurist aahe.
yaa aurist swarupat '-iss-' pratyay aahe aanee too niyamit 'sett' kriyapadacha utpadak prakar aahe. mool shabdansh judd hoiparyant majboot sakriy khod samanyatah majboot kele jaate aanee kamkuvat madhala khod sahasa "guna" shreni dharan karato. aaa' madheel kahee kriyapad aanee tyanantar ekach vyanjan, jase qee 'grah-', sakriy kriyet atirikt balkat karat naheet.
ρphu-" pasoonah
sis-aurist.
haah lahan varg dvigunit "-sish-" pratyayadvare darshavila jaato aanee keval sakriy aavajat vaparla jaato; ess-aurist sahasa madhyabhagi hii rachana rachana kriyapadandware vaparla jaato.
ρy-" pasoonah
saa-aurist.
hii rachana vyanjanat samapt samapt thodya sankhyechya kriyapadansah vaparali jaate jee jevha '-s-' jodali jaate tevha 'ks' samooh tayar karoo shakate. tyat vishayshastriy aanee ganiteey samaptiche mishran lagate.
ρdish-" pasoonah
bhavishyatil pranali.
sadhe bhavishya.
bhavishyatil sadha khoda '-sya-' kinwa '-ishya-' yaa pratyayane aanee moolchya 'guna' shrenine tayar hoto. 
ρkr-" pasoonah
aparipakv bhavishya.
periphrastic bhavishyachi nirmiti pratham '-tii. aar.' vaparoon moodatoon 'agentive' sandnya vyutpann karoon aanee pahilya aanee sanyugmanachya vyaktinmadhye 'aus-' asanyache 'heey kriyapadache prakar sahayak mhanoon jodoon kelee jaate. asalelya vyaktimadhye, agentive sandnyeche purushatvapurna swaroop serve abhinetyansathi aahe, purushatva, stritva kinwa napunsak.
ρdā-" pasoonah
sahityamadhye madhyam-nishkriy rupe kvachitach aadhaltat.
sashart.
bhavishyatil gathipasoon tayar honara eka sashart gathee dekhil aahe, kaaran apoorn gathee vartaman vishayavaril gathipasoon tayar hote. shastriy sanskratmadhye kvachitach vaparale jaanare sashart heey kalpanik krutinna sandarbhit karate.
duyyam sanyugman.
sanskrut kriyapade sanyugmanachya sanyugmanachya shrenisathi saksham aahet jyat mool sudharit kinwa vistarit arth ghete. heey aaheth
nishkriy.
nishkriy rachana varr aadhich disalelya dii. aay. vhee.-varg vhee.-varg shhee khoop samaan aahe, prathamik farak mhanje-yaa-nehmi uchchar dharan karate. mool tyachya kamkuvat swarupat aahe aanee madhya toke vaparale jaatat. ρhan-" pasoonah
tivra.
mool punha punha tayar karoon gahan tayar hote aanee varg-2 kriyapadasarkhe sanyugmit kele jaate. asha prakare "ρvid" sathee, aamchyakade "véved-", "vivid-" aaheh 
sahbhag.
sahbhag heey shabdik visheshan aahet, jeey anant nasalelya kriyapadache eka roop aahe. teey kriyapadachya mulanpasoon tayar jhaale aahet, parantu visheshanansarkhe vagatat.
sanskrutala mool bhashechi kahee adhik pracheen vaishishtye jatan karnari, aadya-indo-european sahbhaganchi atyant vikasit pranali varshane midali aahe.
jawaljawal serve indo-european bhashanmadhye aadhalanara assa sahbhagi ghatak "-nt-" aahe. heey paee '* bheront-', '* bher-' 'aswal' pasoon, sanskrut 'bharan (tii)-, greek' φέρον (τ)-'(' ferron (tii)-'), lattin' ferren (tii)-'madhye pahile jaau shakate, jyacha arth' dharan karane, vahoon nene 'assa aahe.
sanskratmadhye, sakriy, madhyam aanee nishkriy yaa tinhi swaranmadhye aanee vartaman, paripoorn aanee bhavishya yaa teen kalkhandanmadhye sahbhag astitvat aahet. jaree heey tarkikdrushtya 3x3 = 9 swarupanche utpann asale pahije, taree vastavik sankhya sahasa jaast asate, kaaran sambhavyatah, bhavishyatil teen bhinn nishkriy sahbhag aanee done paripoorn sakriy sahbhag asatat. kahee prakarananmadhye teey qamee asoo shakate, kaaran kriyapadache sakriy kinwa madhyam swaroop nasate.
done pratinidhik kriyapadansathi (ρnī-, nayati 1 aanee ρdha-, dadhati 3) vividh sambhavya rupe khalee pahili jaau shakatatah
bhootkalatil sahbhag.
bahutansh prakarananmadhye bahutek kriyapadansathi bhootkalatil sahbhag thet maukhik mulanpasoon tayar hotat (dahavya "gaan" chya kriyapadanvyatirikt, jeey tyanna sadhyachya gathitoon tayar karatat). tyanchi eka paripoorn bhavna aahe, jyamadhye teey purn jhalelya krutincha sandarbh detat. teey bhootkalatil sanyugmit maryadit kriyapadansathi muktapane paryay banavoo shakatat.
mageel nishkriy sahbhag.
sanskrutala maukhik visheshan tayar karnyasathi vaparale jaanare proto-indo-european aanee bhootkalatil nishkriy sahbhagih "*-to-" aanee "*-nó-" pasoon done pratyay varshane midatat. pahila 'yene' yaa moolat '* gwm̃-to-' tayar kartana disu shakato, joou sanskratmadhye 'gaata-' (gela) 'aanee lattinmadhye hoto.
dusari paddhat qamee varanvar aahe parantu tee 'vibhajit karnyasathi' 'bhid-noow-' deuun, sanskratmadhye 'bhina-naa-' (vibhajit jhaleli) ', ingrajimadhye' kapaleli 'saha sandnyankit kartana disu shakate.
sanskratmadhye asha prakare kamkuvat hott asatana tyachya sarvat kamkuvat shrenitil moolat "-taa-" kinwa "-naa-" jodoon bhootkalatil nishkriy sahbhag tayar hoto (udaa.jee. samprasad). sett" mule sathee, pratyayapurvi vaadh "aay" samavisht kelee jaate. parinami tayar honare roop heey eka visheshan aahe aanee teey ektar vyakt kelelya kinwa soochit kelelya sandnyet badal karate. 
bhootkalatil nishkriy sahbhagache sahasa sambandhit ingraji bhootkalatil nishkriy sahbhagadvare bhashantar kele jaau shakateh 
jevha sankramanshil ("sakarmak") kriyapadansah vaparale jaate, tevha manak nishkriy arth prapt keela jaau shakato; jarr vaparlyas, agent vadya prakaranat thewala jaatoh
lakshat ghya qee ρhan madhye vyakt kelelya shabdik kruticha pratyaksh uddesh (karman) mhanje rakshas haah aahe aanee tyach kruticha pratinidhi (kart), raam, vadya prakaranat udbhavato.
jevha akarmak kinwa napunsak kriyapadapasun tayar kele jaate, tevha tyach sahbhagala nishkriy nasate, parantu anishchit bhootkal asatoh
mageel sakriy sahbhag.
-vaant-': 'krutanvant-'-'jyane kahitari (kinwa goshti) kelya aahet' haah swatvabodhak pratyay jodoon bhootkalatil sahbhag vadhavala jaau shakato. 
heey naisargikaritya sakriy bhootkalachya sahbhagache karya ghete. indo-aryan shakhetil haah eka bhashik navkalpana aahe aanee yaa patrachi pahili purnapane sahbhagi rachana atharvavedat disun yete.
nantar yaa nirmitivar ("-tá·vant-" kinwa "-ná·vant-") sakriy purvgrahsthatechya jaagi kopyulasah swatantrapane vaparale jaateh 
sadhyacha sahbhag.
mageel sahbhaganpramane, vartaman sahbhag kriyapadachya sadhyachya tantupasoon tayar hoto aanee kriyapad 'parasmipada' kinwa 'aatmanepada' aahe qee nahee yavar avalambun bhinn prakare tayar hoto. sadhyacha sahbhag kadhihi maryadit kriyapadachi jaaga gheu shakat nahee. mukhya kriyapadachya velee ajunahi prakriya suru asaleli krutee darshavinari tee dekhil swabhavikpane apoorn aahe.
sakriy sahbhag.
siddhantatah, sadhyacha sakriy sahbhag mhanje moolchya eka rupat '-ant' chee bharr. tathapi, vyavharat, heey sahbhagi keval sadhyachya soochkatil asalelya vyakti bahuvachanatun-i kadhoon takale jaau shakate. heey aaplyala sahbhagiche purush ekvachan swaroop dete. tyamule,
kamkuvat swaroop aahe '-ett-"
strilingi kahee mulanmadhye '-antee' mhanoon aanee itaranmadhye '-atee' mhanoon tayar hote.
sadhyacha madhyam sahbhag.
haah sahbhag vishayshastriy tantumadhye '-maanaa-' aanee kamkuvat swarupat ganiteey tantumadhye '-aanaa-' jodoon tayar hoto. asha prakare "ρ bhoo-" aanee "ρkr-" sathih
bhavishyatil sahbhag.
jyapramane vartaman sahbhagi vartaman dandipasoon tayar hoto, tyach prakare bhavishyatil ghatak, adyap ghadalelya nasalelya, parantu bhavishyat ghadu houu krutiche varnan karato.
bhavishyatil sakriy sahbhag.
sadhyachyapramanech, asalelya vyaktiche bahuvachan '-i' takoon teey tayar kele jaau shakate. tyamule,
jaree nantarche atyant durmil asale taree strilingi ektar '-antee' kinwa '-atee' madhye asatat.
bhavishyatil madhyam sahbhag.
tyachpramane, bhavishyatil khodamadhye '-maan-' jodoon madhyam swaroop prapt kele jaate. tarr aamchyakade aaheh
gerondive.
georandive haah bhavishyatil nishkriy vihit sahbhag aahe, joou soochit karato qee sudharit shabd sahbhaginchya kruticha uddesh asava kinwa asava.
heey vegvegalya khodanchya prakaranvar '-yaa-', '-tavya-/-tavya-', '-aanya-' lavoon kele jaate. asha prakare "ρ bhoo-" aanee "ρkr-" sathih
-tavya-" vareel uchchar konatyahi eka aksharavar yeu shakato.
paripoorn sahbhag.
paripoorn sahbhagi haah bhootkalatil sakriy sahbhagi aahe, parantu shastriy sanskratmadhye tyacha kvachitach vapar keela jaato.
heey sakriy madhye "-vans" aanee madhyam aavajat "-aanaa" paripoorn khodachya kamkuvat swarupat jodoon tayar hote, jase disate, udaharanarth sakriy asalelya asalelya vyaktimadhye. streeling rupe "-ushee" aanee "-anaa" aahet. tyamule,
aurist sahbhagi.
vaidikmadhye vaparlele aurist sahbhagi shastriy sanskratmadhye haravale hote.
itar amaryad rupe.
anant.
anant haah junya maukhik sandnyecha aaropatmak prakar mhanoon udbhavato. lattin supinpramanech shevatche '-tumm' heey moolat jodale jaate, jyachya swarat swar asato. aavashyakatenusar itar sanyugman swarupanpramanech '-i-' hastakshep karate. 
gerand.
sanskratmadhye 'gerund' kinwa 'nirpeksh' asey eka anant roop astitvat aahe, jyache itar mool-indo-european bhashanmadhil gerandapeksha vegale vishleshan kele jaate. tyat 'kele' kinwa kriyapad kahihi asoo shakate assa arth aahe. 
too "-twah" kinwa "-yaa" vaparoon tayar keela jaato, pahila samanyatah ughadya mudavar vaparla jaato tarr dusra moolat jodalya gelelya upsargansah kriyapadanvar lagoo hoto. 
-twa" rachana hii "-taa" pasoon tayar jhalelya mageel nishkriy sahbhagasarkhich aahe aanee tyanusar uchcharan dharan karate. dusare roop samanyatah moodala thet pratyay deuun kadhale jaau shakate, tyachya swarat kamkuvat swarupat asatana uchchar asato. chhotya swarat swarat moodala madhyantari-t-milate.
sarvasamaveshak udaharan.
khaleel takta ekach moodatoon nirman houu houu pramukh maukhik prakaranchi aanshik yadee aahe. serve mule serve rupe gheu shakat naheet; kahee mule anekada vishisht dethanparyant maryadit asatat. yethe soochibaddha kelele maukhik prakar serve truteey vyakti ekvachanat aahet aanee tyaa serve teen vyakti aanee teen sankhyanmadhye sanyojit kelya jaau shakatat.
jevha yaa tablechya eka peshimadhye done prakar asatat, tevha pahila sakriy asato, tarr dusra madhyabhagi asato.
teen linganmadhye teen sankhyanmadhye saat prakarananmadhye sahbhagi swarupanmadhye ghat hote aanee pratyek kriyapad teen vyaktinmadhye teen sankhyanmadhye sanyugmit hote hii vastusthiti lakshat gheta, jevha ektritpane mojale jaate tevha yaa moodasathi prathamik, karak aanee ichchit mule eka hajarahun adhik rupe aahet.

