
adrianopulschi ladhai

adrianopolchi ladhai (9 august 378), jyala kadhikadhi hadrianpolischi ladhai mhanoon olakhale jaate, tee purv roman samrat valencechya netrutvakhalil purv roman sainya aanee gothick bandkhor (mukhytah thermings tasech grutung, gair-gothick alance aanee vividh sthanik bandkhor) yanchyat freetigurnchya netrutvakhali ladhali gelee. hii ladhai adrianopalachya parisarat, thresiachya roman prantat (european turkeymadhil aadhunik edirn) jhaali. gothancha prachand vijay aanee samrat valencechya mrutyunantar tyacha shevat jhaala.
gothick yuddhacha (376-382) bhag mhanoon, hii ladhai byavachada 5 vya shatkat paschim roman samrajyachya patnala karanibhoot tharalelya ghatananchi suruvat manali jaate.
roman drushtikonatun ladhaichya agrakramacha tapshilvar samkalin ahwal emmianus marcelinusne lihila hota aanee tyachya itihasachya shevati antim bindu tayar karato.
parshvabhoomi.
376 madhye, alavivus aanee frittigurn yanchya netrutvakhalil gothanna, hunschya aakramananmule visthapit jhalyanantar purv roman samrajyat sthayik honyas parvanagi denyas sangitale gele. teey shetkari aanee sainik hotil yaa aashene, purvekadil roman samrat valencene tyanna samrajyamadhye mitra ('foderati') mhanoon swatahla sthapit karanyachi parvanagi dilee. ekada danube olandun aanee roman pradeshat, tathapi, roman prantiy senapati lupicinus aanee maximus yanchya apramanikaritya anek adachani sahan kelyanantar navoditanni bund kele.
tyanantar valencene pashchimatya samrat gratianla gothanshi ladhanyasathi atirikt sainyabal magitale. gratianne general frigeridsla atirikt sainyasah tasech tyachya rakshakancha neta, richomeres pathavala. adrianopalachya ladhaichya aadhi pudhil done varshe donhi bajunsathi konatehi spasht vijay naan midavata dhavana ladhayanchi malika hotee.
378 madhye, valencene swatahvar niyantran thevanyacha nirnay ghetala aanee syriatil swatachya sansadhananmadhun aanee gaulmadhil pashchatya samrajyachya rakheev bhagatoon atirikt sainya gola kele.
valencene antiokia sodoon constantinopalsathi 30 meey roji aagman kele. aadhich thressmadhye asalelya roman sainyachi punarrachana karnyasathi tyane italihoon navyane aalelya sebastianuschi niyukti kelee. sebastianusne tyachya 2,000 sainikanchi nivad kelee aanee adrianopalachya dishene kooch kele. vatet, teey aale aanee tyanni gothanchya chhotya tukadyanvar hallah keela. roman dhokyacha samna karnyasathi gothancha neta mhanoon fritigarnane nicopolis aanee bero (aata taara zagora) yethe aapale sainya ekatra kele.
tyaveli, gratianche barechase sainya panoniamadhye hote, jithe tyanchyavar hangami kalat lentins (alamannicha bhag) yanni gendyachya palikade hallah keela hota. romananni punha ekatra yeuun argentariyajaval (aadhunik kalatil kolmar, fransjaval) lentianscha parabhav kelyanantar, gratianchya sainyane anshatah samudrane aanee anshatah jaminivarun purvekade pravas keela.
gothanviruddha sebastiensche yash aanee karjavaril gratianchya vijayachi mahitee midalyavar, valence tyachya swatachya vijayasathi tayar hota. gothcha samna karnyapurvi sebastianuschya sainyashi jodanyasathi, valencene tyache sainya melantiyapasun adrianopalkade halavale. 6 august roji, tolhine valencela mahitee dilee qee andaje 10,000 goth uttarekade 25 kilometres sthanavarun adrianopalachya dishene pudhe jaat aahet. adrianopalachya tayareet, valencene tyachya chhavanila khadde aanee tatbandi yaa donhidware balkati dilee.
gratianne adrianopalkade aagau pathavalele richomeres, eka patra gheuun gele jyat tyane yuddhat sahbhagi honyapurvi, tyachya aagmanachi pratiksha karnyas, sainikanna sangitale hote. valencechya adhikaanyaanee tyane bakshisachi vaat pahanyachi shifaras kelee, parantu valencene antim bakshisasathi dawa karnyas tayar houn, pratiksha naan karata ladhanyacha nirnay ghetala.
goth dekhil romananvar laksh thevun hote aanee 8 august roji fritigarnane roman pradeshachya badalyat shantata aanee yuticha prastav thevanyasathi eka doot pathavala. tyachya anumanit sankhyatmak shreshthatemule too vijayi hoil yachee khatri karoon, valencene heey prastav nakarle. tathapi, pashudhanasathi lambche antar paar kelelya gothick ghodadalachya bhagacha vichar karnyas valencechya manushyabalachya andajakade durlaksh kele gele.
roman sainyachi rachana.
valencechya sainyat teen roman maidani sainyatil sainikancha samavesh asoo shakatoh purvekadil balkanmadhye sthit thressche sainya, jyane 376-377 madhye mothe nuksan sahan kele asave; samratachya upasthitit pahile sainya; aanee samratachya upasthitit dusare sainya. samratachya upasthitit donhi sainya samanyatah shantatechya kalat sthir lokanvar aadharit hote parantu 376 madhye pertian simesathi vachanbaddha hote aanee paschimela 377-378 madhye pathavale gele hote.
valencechya sainyat yuddhas savay asalelya majee sainikanchya tukadyancha samavesh hota. sampoorn sainyat saat sainyadal hote-jyapaiki legio I "maximiana" aanee shahee sahayyak hote-pratyeki 700 teey 1000 purush. ghodadal heey ghodeswar dhanurdhari ("sagittari") aanee "scholey" (shahee rakshak) yanni banalele hote. matra, shantata vataghati suru asatana yaa sainyane twarit hallah keela aanee shevati paloon gele. arab ghodadalachya tukadya dekhil hotya, parantu teey ladhaya karnyapeksha chakmakisathi adhik yogya hote. 
emmianus marcellinus heey valencechya antargat khaleel shaktincha sandarbh detatah
too khaleel adhikadhyanchahi sandarbh detoh
valencechya sainyachi takad.
anek aadhunik itihaskaranni valencechya sainyachya samarthyacha andaj lavnyacha prayatna keela aahe.
warren tradegoldcha andaj aahe qee, 395 paryant, thresschya sainyat 24,500 sainik hote, tarr samratachya upasthitit pahilya aanee dusya sainyat pratyeki 21,000 sainik hote. tathapi, tinhi sainyanmadhye adrianple nantar ektar tayar kelelya tukadyancha (tyapaiki 'theodosiani' chya anek tukadyancha) kinwa punha tainat kelelya tukadyancha (thressmadhil vividh sainyadalancha) samavesh hoto. shivay, marcianopolis aanee itar dhokyat asalelya shaharanchya sanrakshanasathi sainyachi aavashyakta hotee, tyamule tinhi sainyane ekatra ladhanyachi shakyata qamee aahe.
tathapi, kahee aadhunik itihaskaranni roman sainyachi vastavik sankhya 15,000 sainik, 10,000 payadal aanee 5,000 ghodadal assa andaj vartavala aahe.
valencechya sainyachya ladhaicha aadesh.
adrianople yetheel roman sainyachya tukadyanchi achook yadee karane shakya nahee. keval strot mhanje ammiyanas, joou yuddhache varnan karato parantu kahee tukadyancha navane ullekh karato aanee purvekadil, jyat theodosius nantar, 4thya shatkachya uttaradhat teey 5vya shatkachya suruvatichya roman lashkari tukadyanchi yadee aahe. balkanmadhye soochibaddha kelelya anek ekkanchi sthapana adrianople nantar jhaali; itaranchi badali samrajyachya itar bhaganmadhun, adrianopalachya aadhi kinwa nantar jhaali; itar done kinwa adhik kshetranmadhye soochibaddha aahet. adrianople yetheel kahee units tyanchya nukasanamule villin kinwa visarjit jhalya asateel. roman sainyat judd payadal, vividh tirandaj aanee ghodadal hote.
gothick shaktinchi rachana.
danubechya dakshines bahudha done mukhya gothick sainya hote. fritigarnane eka sainyache netrutva kele, mukhytah therving nirvasitankadun bharati kele gele, tarr alathius aanee saffrax yanni dusya sainyache netrutva kele, jeey mothya pramanat gruthung nirvasitankadun bharati kele gele.
fritigarnane aaplya serve navhe tarr bahutek ladhvayyanna ladhait aanale aanee romananna pahilyanda aalelya sainyache netrutva kele asey disate. alathius aanee saffrax yanni tyanchya ghodadalala roman lokanviruddha 'meghagarjanapramane utartana' karvait aanale. yaa shaktinmadhye alanancha samavesh hota.
gothick sainya bahutek payadal hote, jyat kahee ghodadal hote, jeey adrianopalachya ladhait mahattvapoorn hote.
kahee junya krutinmadhye gothick vijayache shrey prachand gothick sankhyabal, gothick ghodadal aanee kahivela gothick stirapacha vapar asey dile aahe. 
alikadil vidvattapoorn kaame bahudha sahmat aahet qee sainyacha aakarhi sarkhach hota, gothick payadal tyanchya ghodadalapeksha adhik nirnayak hote aanee 6 vya shatkaparyant roman kinwa goth doghannihi stirapacha vapar keela nahee, jeey bahudha avaranni aanale hote.
roman scoutsney 10,000 gothick sainikancha andaj vartavala hota, parantu amiyanasne haah andaj qamee asalyache sangoon fetalala, ashee nond ammiyanasne kelee aahe. roman scoutsney yuddhapurvi gothanchya sankhyecha andaj lavala tevha alathius aanee saffraxchya sainyane door rahilyamule asey disate. anek aadhunik itihaskaranni gothick sainyachi takad 12,000-15,000 asalyacha andaj vartavala aahe.
ammiyanas gothick ghodadalachya mahattvachya bhoomikechi nond karato. ghodadal heey gothick sainyache bahusankhya sadasya aahet assa vishvas balgoon charles omanane adrianpoplechya ladhaicha arth pudhil hazar varshe payadalavar ghodadalachya varchasvachi suruvat assa lavala. itar kahee itihaskarannihi asech mutt mandale aahe. burns aanee itar alikadil itihaskarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee payadal heey gothick sainyache bahusankhya sadasya hote aanee payadal aanee ghodadal yanchyatil sambandhanvar yaa ladhaicha farsa parinam jhaala nahee.
thikan.
adrianopolis shaharachya kahee tasanchya pravasadarmyan hii ladhai jhaali, parantu tyache achook sthan anishchit aahe.
aadhunik itihaslekhanat ladhaichya teen sambhavya thikananchi charcha karnyat aalee aaheh
ladhai.
9 augustchya sakali, wellance adrianopalmadhun paloon gele, jithe tyane shahee khajina aanee prashasana pahara dett sodale. aadhichya divasanchi hergiri tyala shaharachya uttarekadil gothick chhavanichya sthanachi mahitee dett asey. katheen bhubhagatoon aath mail kooch karoon duparchya sumaras vallen tithe pohochale.
roman sainya thakalele aanee nirjalit houn, dongarachya mathyavar ubharalelya gothick chhavanikade tond karoon aale. ghodadal vagalata gothanni tyanchya wagon vartulache rakshan kele, jyachya aat tyanchi kutumbe aanee malmatta hotee. gothick ghodadalala parat yenyasathi puresa vel denyasathi romananna vilamb karane haah frittigurncha uddesh hota. roman lokanna vilambit karnyasathi aanee dhurane tras denyasathi gothanni shete jaalali aanee bandhakanchya devanghevanisathi vataghati suru jhalya. vataghatimule roman sainik santapt jhaale, jeey adhik majboot sthiteet asalyache disat hote, parantu tyanna alpayushi sainikansathi maulyavan vel midala.
kahee roman tukadyanni asey karnyache aadesh naan deta ladhai suru kelee, tyanna vishvas hota qee tyanna eka sopa vijay milel aanee kadachit sampoorn balkanmadhye done varshanchya aniyantrit vidhvansanantar gothwar achook suud ghenyasathi atee-utsuk. iberian rajkumar bacuriouschya netrutvakhali dhaal-dhanurdharichya shahee vidvananni hallah keela, parantu pathimbyachya abhavamule tyanna sahajpane mage dhakalale gele. mug roman davi panghadi wagonchya vartulat pohochali, parantu toparyant khoop usheer jhaala hota. tyaa kshani, charyachya mohimetoon paratanare gothick ghodadal payadalala pathimba denyasathi aale. ghodadalane roman sainyala vedha ghatala, jeey pahilya hallyachya apayshanantar aadhich gondhalalele hote. roman lock dongarachya payathyashi mage hutley, jithe teey chalane-firane karoo shakat navhate, tyanchya judd kavachanni aanee lamb dhalanni vedhalele hote. mrutyu, thakwa aanee mansik dabavamule roman sainyacha parabhav jhaala. ghodadalane tyancha hallah suruch thewala aanee ratra hoiparyant hatya suruch rahili.
yaa parabhavamadhye, samratala tyachya rakshakankadun sodoon denyat aale. kahinni tyala parat midvanyacha prayatna keela, parantu bahutek ghodadal paloon gele. valenceche antim bhavitavya adnyat aahe; too kadachit maidanavar adnyatpane maran pavala asel. tyacha mrutdeh kadhich sapadala nahee. yuddhanantar eka paryayi katha prasarit jhaali qee, eka angrakshak aanee kahee napunsakansah wellance shetatoon paloon gele aanee eka shetkyachya zopadit lapoon rahile. shatrune ghar lutanyacha prayatna keela, varvar pahata, aat wellance asalyachi jaaniv navhati. ghodyanchya manasanni kutirala vachavanyasathi dusya majalyavarun baana marle aanee pratyuttarat gothanni kutirala aag lavali. angarakshakane khidakitoon udee marley aanee aat asalelya goryanna sangitale, pann khoop usheer jhaala hota. aagit velancecha mrutyu jhaala.
parinam.
itihaskar ammianus marcelinuschya matey, gothanni tabadtob adrianople shaharakade kooch kelee aanee teey tabyat ghenyacha prayatna keela; ammianus tyanchya apayashacha tapshilvar tapasheel deto. ammiyanas mhanje mothya sankhyene roman sainik jyanna shaharat pravesh deela gela navhata aanee jyanni bhintinchya khalee vedhalelya gothanshi ladha deela. roman sainyacha eka trutiyansh bhag maghar ghenyat yashasvi jhaala, parantu nuksan mojata yenar nahee. anek adhikari, tyapaiki general sebastianus, tisya shatkatil sankatacha nimn bindu asalelya edesachya yuddhanantarchya sarvat white roman parabhavamadhye marle gele. hii ladhai usheera samrajyasathi eka motha dhakka hotee, parinami purv roman sainyacha gabha nasht jhaala, maulyavan prashasak marle gele aanee yuddhanantar danubian prantanmadhil jawaljawal serve shastrastre nasht jhaali. lashkarasathi rakheev nidhichya abhavamule bharatiche sankat aanakhi bighadale. nuksan hounahi, adrianopalachya ladhaine roman samrajyacha ant keela nahee kaaran shahee lashkari shakti keval tatpurati apangatvat hotee.
adrianopalmadhil parabhav heey darshavito qee romananchya bajoone kinwa virodhat ladhanare berber lock shaktishali virodhak banale hote. goth, jaree valencecha uttaradhikari theodosius pahila (jyane tyanna punha ekada mitra jamati mhanoon sweekarle) yane anshatah vash kele asale, taree tyanna kadhihi haddapar kele gele nahee, nasht kele gele nahee kinwa aatmasat kele gele nahee; teey kahee varshe tyachya simemadhye eka vegale astitva mhanoon rahile, mitra, nantar ardh kinwa purnapane swatantra kinwa anekada shatru hote.
20 vya shatkatil anek lekhak surr charles oman yanchya yaa kalpanechi punaravrutti karat aahet qee hii ladhai lashkari itihasatil eka nirnayak valan aahe, jyat judd ghodadalane roman payadalavar vijay midavala aanee madhyayugeen ghodadalachya yugachi suruvat kelee. yaa kalpanevar tii. ess. 1973 madhye jalalelya. jalalelya mahitinusar, gothick sainyacha ghodadalatil haat baryapaiki lahan hota, tyaa ghodadalyanmadhye pratyakshat adhik ghodadal asate aanee freetigurnchya ghodadalachi bhoomika tyachya vijayasathi mahattvachi asali taree hii ladhai pramukhyane payadal viruddha payadal prakaran hotee. adrianople nantar anek shatake madhyayugeen shoorvir udayala yenar navhata.