
ekaki gardi

daad lonely croud heey david resman, nathan glazer aanee reuel denny yanni 1950 saalee kelele samajshastriy vishleshan aahe. (1951)' sobat, too american charitryacha eka mahattvacha abhyas manla jaato.
varnan.
resman aanee itar. parampara-nirdeshit, antargat-nirdeshit aanee itar-nirdeshit asey teen mukhya sanskrutik prakar olakha aanee tyanche vishleshan qaraa. teey samajachya utkranticha magova parampara-nirdeshit sanskratitun ghetat, jee aadhichya pidhyanni paribhashit kelelya dishene pudhe gelee. parampara-nirdeshit samajik prakaranni byanch purvi sthapit kelelya niyamanche palan kele aanee aadhunik samajat tyanchya gatishil badalanmule teey yashasvi honyachi shakyata qamee hotee. "pashchatya itihasat madhyayug haah eka assa kaal manla jaau shakato jyamadhye bahusankhya lock parampara-nirdeshit hote. parantu 'parampara-nirdeshit' haah shabd keval purv-bhandavalshahi europemadhil lokanpurata maryadit nahee tarr hindu aanee hoppy bharatiy, zulu aanee chiinii, uttar africi arab aanee baalee yasarkhya vividh prakarchya lokanmadhye dekhil samaan ghatak darshavito."yaa sarvat suruvatichya samajik prakaranantar antargat-nirdeshit lock aale. tyanni sthapit nikashannusar navhe tarr tyanchya swatachya "manasshastriy garoscope" chaa vapar karoon jeey shodhale tyavar aadharit rahoon jaganyachi aanee karya karanyachi kshamata swatamadhye shodhali. aantarik-nirdeshit lock jeey teey balpanat shikale teey praudh mhanoon jagatat aanee aatmavishvasane vagatat, kadhikadhi kathor asatat. americetil audhyogik krantinantar madhyamvargiy rajya vikasit karnyat yash aale, parampara-nirdeshit aanee antargat-nirdeshit samajik chaukatit bharbharatila aalelya sanstha dainandin jivanapeksha adhik duyyam banalya. madhyamvarg haloohaloo paramparannusar jaganyapasun kinwa kautumbik kinwa samajik sanhitechya sanghatit dharmachya mulyanshi julavun ghenyapasun door gela aanee naveen madhyamvargane haloohaloo lock ekmekansobat jaganyachya paddhatimadhye lavchikta sweekarli. vastooncha vapar karanyachi aanee bhautik vipulata parvadanyachi vadhati kshamata hii paramparepasun door aateel dishene aanee nantar 'itar dishene' valanyane jhaali. 
itaranchya jaganyachya paddhati-tyanni kaay khalle, tyanni tyanchya veleche kaay kele, rajkaran, kaam, khel ityadimbaddal tyanche mutt kaay hote, yatoon milananya samajik shaktinna pratisad dene haah itar-disha darshavinyacha arth hota. risman aanee tyachya sanshodhakanna asey aadhalale qee itar-nirdeshit lock lavchik hote aanee manyata midvanyasathi itaranna samavoon ghenyas tayar hote. mothya sansthanni asha prakarchya vyaktimatvala pradhanya dile. jase qee resman lihito, "dusya nirdeshit vyaktila maan denyaeivaji prem midvayache asate", heey itaranvar niyantran thevanyasathi navhe tarr tyanchyashi sambandhit honyasathi aavashyak aahe. jeey itar-nirdeshit aahet tyanna khatri asane aavashyak aahe qee teey bhavnikdrushtya itaranshi susangat aahet. 1940 chya dashkaparyant, dusya dishene nirdeshit patrane samajavar varchasva gajavoo lagale hote aanee kalantarane hii pravrutti vadhali.
itar-dishanni madhyam vargachi vyakhya kelee qee, jyala aata eksandh samaj tayar karnyasathi mageel jivanmanala chikatoon rahanyachi bhautik garaj rahili nahee. parantu itar-nirdeshit lock pramukhyane tyanchya samudayatil itaranchya sandarbhandware (aanee tyanni jeey kamavale, malakiche, upbhogale, vishvas thewala) swatachi olakh nirman karat asalyamule, teey swabhavikpane swatahla jaanun ghenyachya tyanchya kshamatevar maryadit hote. resmanchya pustakat assa yuktivad keela aahe qee jaree itar-nirdeshit vyakti aadhunik sansthechya suralit karyasathi upayukt aahet, parantu itar-dishene svayattatechya moolyashi tadjod kelee jaate. "ekaki gardi" asehi tark dete qee, dusya dishene chalana lokanche varchasva asalelya samajala netrutva, vaiyaktik aatmadnyan aanee manvi kshamatetil khol kamatarata bhedasavat aahet. 
palak-mulanchya natesambandhanche vishleshan, samvayask gatavar avalambun rahane, prasarmadhyamanchya sandigdha prabhavache vishleshan, kaam-vishrantichya dvandvatmak bhasheche vishleshan, manvi sambandhanvar sookshm teeka aanee itar anek pailu, heey serve mudde aahet jethe rizmanne lihilelya goshti eka aswasth karnari prasangikta darshavtat.
pustakache shirshak prakashkane nivadle hote, nakee resman kinwa tyache saha-lekhak, nathan glazer aanee reuel denny yanni.
shirshak dishabhul karnare asoo shakate, kaaran teey mageel kalatil manavanna jeey kahee changle kinwa moolya midale asate aanee tyaeivaji samoohik samajatil anooyukt aanee ekaki mansala jyachi kamatarata asel, tyaa kahee goshti gamavanyachi aanee qamee honyachi bhavna vyakt karate aanee jagrut karate aanee haah lekhakacha hetu nakkich navhata. jyapramane samoohik samajachya virodhkanmadhye pasarlelya anurupatevar konatihi katu teeka nahee, tyachpramane marcus kinwa horkheimer sarkhya frankfurterschya likhanatoon margkraman karnari eka veer vyakti mhanoon ekhadya vyaktisathi rismanmadhye konatihi aathvan nahee.