paddhat shodha

search phaur aaa methad' kinwa 'daad problem auph methad' haah tatvadnyani jeane-paul sartre yancha 1957 madheel nibandh aahe, jyamadhye lekhak marksvad aanee astitvavad yancha samet karnyacha prayatna karato. nibandhachi pahili aavrutti polish journal 'tworkzosh' madhye prakashit jhaali; tyaa varshachya uttaradhat 'leesa temps moderness' madhye eka rupantarit aavrutti prakashit jhaali aanee nantar sartrechya 'critic auph dialectical codge' (parris, 1960) sathee parichay mhanoon kaam kele. jaree marksvadacha bhautikvad aanee nirdharvad heey astitvavadachya amurtata aanee moolbhut swatantryachya viruddha asale, taree astitvavad aanee marksvad susangat, agadi purak aahet, assa yuktivad sartre karatat.
saransh.
marksvad aanee astitvavad.
sartrechya suruvatichya adhyayat marksvad aanee astitvavad yanchyatil sambandhanvar charcha kelee aahe. marksvadakade, sadhyachya itihasachya yugasathiche pramukh tatvadnyan aanee astitvavadakade, eka balkat karnara purak mhanoon sartre pahatat. bahutansh adhyayat astitvavad eka vichardhar mhanoon swatachya balavar ubha rahnyas kassa apayashi tharato yavar charcha kelee aahe, tarr marksvad haah vichardharecha gairavapar gairavapar soviet aanee itar rudhivadi communistanni bhrasht keela aahe. sartre astitvavadakade yaa gairavaparachi pratikriya mhanoon pahatat.
sartre tattvadnyanachi vyakhya karoon tyacha pahila adhyay suru karato. too assa yuktivad karato qee anek tatvadnyan aahet aanee vartaman, sakriy tattvadnyan serve vartaman dnyanala eka karate aanee 'udayas yet asalela' varg swatachyabaddal jagruk honyache pratinidhitva karate. sartre aadhunik tattvadnyanache teen kalkhandat vibhajan karateh vyapari johnn loke aanee rene descartes, audhyogik emmanuel kaant aanee george wilheim friedrich hegel aanee samkalin carl marks. sartre astitvavadache vargikaran tattvadnyanapeksha eka vichardhara mhanoon karate kaaran too swatahla eka swatantra vicharpranali mhanoon sthapit karnyat ayashasvi tharala aanee naveen vargachi jaaniv mhanoon swatahla sthapit karoo shakala nahee. soren kirkegardne pratinidhitva kelele prarambhik astitvavad, eka ekikrut vichar pranali mhanoon swatachya balavar ubhe rahile naheet. tyaeivaji, kirkegardche kaam keval hegelchya virodhat ubhe rahile. kirkegardchya vicharanche astitva hegelchya astitvavar avalambun hote kaaran tee keval tyachi pratikriya aahe. carl jaspers heey aitihasik mahatva asalelya thikani astitvavad sthapit karnyatahi ayashasvi tharale kaaran tyanche siddhant samajakade bahya aivaji aatmyakade nirdeshit kele gele aahet.
tyanantar sartre markschya swatachya anubhavakade valato. vidyapithat shikavalya shikavalya "aashavadi manavtavad" peksha sarvharachya sthitiche varnan karnyache kaam tyane changle kele asalyane markschya vicharankade asalelya suruvatichya aakarshanache teey varnan karatat. markschya kamanshi heey naate asoonahi, asoonahi mahayuddhane prabhavi samajik sanrachana modoon kadhalyashivay marksvadacha tyachya pidhicha arth lavane aadarshavad aanee vyaktivadane dooshit rahile assa dawa sartre karatat. marksvadacha haah spasht vijay asoonahi, marksvad sthir rahilyane astitvavad tikoon rahila. marksvad heey soviet sanghachya surakshesathi aanee dhoranansathi eka sadhan banale. sovietanni sendriya sangharsh aanee vadavivad thambavala jyamule eka tatvadnyan vikasit jhaale aanee marksvadi bhautikvadache rupantar eka aadarshavadat kele jyamadhye soviet nokarshahanchya prathamik, vaicharik vishvasanshi susangat vastav tayar kele gele. sartre sartre hungarian uthavakade nirdesh karatat, jithe soviet netyanni asey gruheet dharale hote qee konatehi bund krantivirodhi aanee marksvadi virodhi asale pahije, jevha pratyakshat hungarian bund thet kamgar vargakadoon jhaale hote. yaa lavchik vichardharechya ulat, sartre 1848 chya kranti aanee 1851 chya french uthavavar markschya lekhanakade nirdesh karatat, jyamadhye marksney varg sambandhanna dilelyapramane ghenyaivaji tyanchi tapasani kelee. sartre namood karatat qee tyanchya samkalin marksvadyanni "vishleshan" varr laksh kendrit kele parantu marksvadi nirpeksh ("shashvat dnyan") yachee padtalani karnyavar kendrit eka varvarchya abhyas mhanoon yaa vishleshanavar teeka kelee, jase marksney swatah kele hote.
sartre tyachi teeka tapasachya itar paddhatinkade valavatat. teey mhanatat qee "american samajshastrat" khoop jaast "saiddhantik anishchitata" aahe, tarr ekekali aashadayak asalele manovishleshan thapp jhaale aahe. yaa paddhati aanee samanyatah prabhavi aadarshavadachya ulat, astitvavad aanee marksvad manavjatila aanee jagala eka samagrata mhanoon samajoon ghenyache sambhavya sadhan pradan karatat. marksvadane bhakit kelele vargyuddha houu shakale nahee, kaaran rudhivadi marksvad khoop kathor aanee "vidvattapoorn" jhaala aahe, assa dawa sartre karatat. tyachya sthairyanantarhi, marksvad heey yaa kalatil tatvadnyan rahile aahe. astitvavad aanee marksvad heey donhi jagakade dvandvatmak drushtikonatun pahatat, jithe vaiyaktik tathye arthaheen asatat; satya heey swatah tathyanmadhye navhe tarr tyanchya parasparsanvadat aadhalateh teey keval sampurnatecha bhag mhanoon mahatva prapt karatat. gyorjee lucaux yanni assa yuktivad keela qee astitvavad aanee marksvadi bhautikvad susangat asoo shakat naheet, sartre yanni engelschya eka parichhedat asey darshavile qee sartrechya dwandwatmakpane chalavalelya astitvavadapramanech aarthik paristhitimule nirman jhaleli dvandvatmakata itihasala chalana dete. daas rajdhani' madheel markscha hawala deuun sartre yaa adhyayacha shevat karatatah 'swatantryache rajya pratyakshat tyaa veleparyant suru hott nahee, jevha aavashyakatemule aanee bahya antimatedvare ladalele kaam thambate..."markschya pathopath, aarthik tanchaimule manvi swatantrya maryadit asalyache sartre pahato. sartresathi, tanchaivar maat hoiparyant marksvad heey ekmev sambhavya tattvadnyan raheel; shivay, tanchaichya samasyevar maat hoiparyant too uttaradhikari siddhantachi kalpana karane-kinwa ekhadi vyakti kashee disu shakate-ashakya mhanoon pahato.
madhyasthi aanee sahayyak shakhanchi samasya.
sartrene haah adhyay suru kartana vicharale qee, "mug, aapan keval marksvadi qaa nahee aahot?". marksvad margdarshak tattve aanee samasya pradan karato, parantu dnyan nahee. samkalin marksvadi marksvadi siddhantala vastavik dnyanacha srot manatat, parantu sartre tyakade keval paddhatichya shodhat asalelya samasyancha sanch mhanoon pahatat. pahilya adhyayat mhatalyapramane, sartre marksvadacha kathorata dosh pahatoh eka 'eka prathamik' siddhant joou ghatananna 'purvanirmit sache' madhye bhag padato."sartre punha tyachya pakalya, lukakkade valate. german astitvavadachi jaaniv hii nazivad hotee, tarr french astitvavad haah german vyapabaddalchi 'alpasankhyak burjuva' pratikriya mhanoon nakarla jaau shakato, asey mutt tyanni lukakanna dile. sartrene lucaxcha drushtikon nakarla aanee heey dakhavun dile qee, hydeggerne nazinna alingan dile, tarr jaspersney sweekarle nahee. saratre yanni 1930 madhye tyanchya tattvadnyanavar kaam karnyas suruvat kelee aanee vyavasayachya veleparyant tyanche kaam purn karat hote. too assa yuktivad karato qee, eka marksvadi mhanoon, lucaux heey hedegger aanee astitvavad samajoon ghenyas asamarth aahet. marksvad ghatana gheto aanee sarvatrik rachana karato, nantar tyaa sarvatrik goshti tyanantarchya ghatananvar ladato. astitvavad haah ekach, vastavik sampoornata gruheet dharat nahee, parantu itihasakade ghatana aanee manav yanchyatil parasparsanvadi sambandh mhanoon pahato.
sartre french krantichya udaharanakade valato. marksvadyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee krantichya guntaguntichya ghatananche varg sangharshat vibhajan kele jaau shakate, tarr sartre mhanatat qee kranti keval marksvadi varg vishleshanachya atinvar samajoon ghetali jaau shakat nahee. keval arthshastra aanee vargane apratyakshapane prabhavit kelelya itihasachya margala vaicharik aanee samajik ghatak kase margadarshan karatat yache vishleshan karnyasathi tyanni madhyasthichi prakriya prastavit kelee.
purogami-pratigami paddhat.
sartre eka vicharpaddhati prastavit karatat jee aitihasik bhautikvad aanee astitvavadi manovishleshan yancha mell ghalate.
swagat.
eka paddhaticha shodh' yaa tichya anuvadatil parichayamadhye, tatvadnyani hazel barnes yanni 'marks' chya 'mann' chya sankalpanet (1961) vyakt kelyapramane, marks aanee marksvadabaddal sartrechya drushtikonachi tulana erich fromeshey kelee aahe. tattvadnya walter couffman assa yuktivad karatat qee sartrene marksvadacha alingan haah astitvavadacha shevat darshavito, kaaran 'eka paddhaticha shodh' yaa prakashanantar sartre kinwa itar konatehi pramukh vicharvant astitvavadi mhanoon lihit naheet (jaree couffman pudhe mhanatat qee astitvavad haah qamee arthane samajala jaato).

