intravoxel visangat gatee

intravoxel incohurrent motion (ivim) imaging hii eka sankalpana aanee eka paddhat aahe jee suruvatila leey bihan aanee itaranni sadar kelee aanee vikasit kelee. prasar emm. aar. aay. dware prapt kelelya signalmadhye yogdan deu deu serve sookshm translational halchalinche parimanatmak moolyankan karane. yaa pratimanat, jaivik uutinmadhye done bhinn vatavaran asateh uutinmadhil panyacha aanvik prasar (kadhikadhi 'kharaa prasar' mhanoon sambodhala jaato) aanee keshika jaalyatil raktache sookshm parisancharan (perfusion). dii. yanni sadar keleli sankalpana. leey bihan mhanje keshikanmadhye vahanare paanee (voxel staravar) yadruchchik chalanyachi ("syudo-diffusion") (fig.1) nakkal karate, joparyant serve disha keshikanmadhye darshavilya jaatat (i.eae. konatyahi dishene nivval susangat pravah nahee) santusht aahe. 
prasar emm. aar. aay. madheel signal kshinatesathi heey jababdar aahe, jeey vahatya raktachya vegavar aanee raktavahinyanchya sanrachanevar avalambun asate. aanvik prasarachyapramanech, sanket kshinatevar seudodifusioncha prabhav bii mulyavar avalambun asato. tathapi, seudodifusionmule seudodifusionmule signal kshinatecha darr samanyatah uutinmadhil aanvik prasaranapeksha mothya pramanat asato, mhanoon prasaran-bharit emm. aar. aay. signalmadhye tyache sapeksh yogdan keval agadi qamee bii mulyanvarach mahattvapoorn hote, jyamule prasaran aanee perfusion prabhav vegale houu shakatat.
model.
prasar emm. aar. aay. anukramachya chumbakeey kshetrachya pravan spandananchya upasthitit, prasar aanee perfusion prabhavanmule emm. aar. aay. sanket ksheen hoto. eka sadhya pratimanat, heey sanket ksheen hone, s/so, asey lihile jaau shakateh
jethe sootra _ 2 haah uutinmadhye visangatpane pramanat raktacha khand ansh aahe ("vahanare raktavahiniche praman"), sootra _ 3 heey ivim prabhavatoon signal ksheen hone aanee sootra _ 4 heey uutinmadhil aanvik prasaranatun signal ksheen hone aahe.
yadruchchikpane oriented vasculationmadhye vahanare rakt paanee mojamapachya velee (model 1) anek vela (kiman 2) badalate asey gruheet dharale tarr sootra _ 3 sathee aaheh
jethe sootra _ 7 heey emm. aar. aay. anukramache prasar-sanvedansheelata aahe, sootra _ 8 heey ivim prabhavashi sambandhit chhadm-prasar gunank aanee sootra _ 9, raktatil panyacha prasar gunank yanchi berries aaheh
jethe sootra _ 11 heey keshika khandachi sarasari lambi aahe aanee sootra _ 12 heey rakt veg aahe.
jarr raktatil paanee disha naan badalata vahate (ektar pravah mand asalyamule kinwa mojamapachi vel qamee asalyamule) tarr keshika vibhag yadruchchikpane aanee isotropically oriented (model 2) asateel, tarr sootra _ 3 banateh
jethe sootra _ 15 haah pravanata spandanachya amplitude aanee velechya margashi (b mulyapramane) jodalela eka mapdand aahe.
donhi prakarananmadhye, perfusion prabhavamule bii = 0 (fig.2) chya dishene prasar kshinatechya rachanechi vakrata hote. eka sopya drushtikonatun aanee kahee andajanusar, b0 = 0 aanee b1 saha prapt kelelya 2 prasar-bharit pratimanmadhun ganana keleli aii. dii. see., aii. dii. see. = ln (s (b0)/s (b1) mhanoon, aaheh
jethe sootra _ 17 haah uutincha prasar gunank aahe. tyamule aii. dii. see. keval vahatya raktavahinyanchya aakarmanavar (uutinchya raktavahinyanvar) avalambun asate, rakt veg aanee keshika bhoomitivar nahee, joou eka motha fayda aahe. lahan buub moolye vapartana aii. dii. see. madhye perfusionche yogdan jaast asate.
dusarikade, anek bii moolyansah prapt kelelya pratimanmadhun prapt kelelya detacha sanch eae. kyu. saha basavala jaau shakato.[1] ektar model 1 (eae. kyu.) vaparoon.[2, 3]) kinwa model 2 (eae. kyu.).[4]) sootra _ 18 aanee/kinwa rakt vegacha andaj lavnyasathi.
vakrareshecha shevatcha bhag (uchch buub mulyanchya dishene, samanyatah 1000 1000 peksha jaast) dekhil kahee pramanat vakrata (fig.2) darshavito. yache kaaran asey qee jaivik uutinmadhil prasar mukt (gossian) nasato, parantu anek adthalyanmule (visheshtah peshi patalanmadhye) kinwa agadi pratibandhit (i.eae. antahkoshikiy). yaa vakrateche uchch bii-mulyanvar varnan karnyasathi anek model prastavit kele gele aahet, pramukhyane 'biexponential' model jeey jalad aanee santh prasaranasah 2 panyachya dabyanchi upasthiti gruheet dharate (jethe donhi vibhag ivmche sootra _ 19 nahee), sapeksh 'vegwan' aanee 'mand' lebale, seudodifusion/perfusion aanee kharey (adthala) prasaran karnyaivaji pratibandhit aanee adthala prasaran sandarbhit karatat. dusra paryay mhanje "curtosis" model jeey _ 20 (eq) yaa sutratil mukt (gossian) prasaranapasoonchya vichalanache praman nirdharit karate. [7].
dvi-varnatmak pratimah
jethe sootra _ 22 aanee sootra _ 23 heey vegwan aanee santh khandanche sapeksh apurnank aanee prasar gunank aahet. bii-moolya asalelya prasar-bharit imaging signalchya dvi-ghatankiy kshayache heey samanya sootra ivmsathi vaparale jaau shakate, jyasathi seudodifusion kshay pakadanyasathi qamee bii-mulyanche (<100 1000) namune ghene aavashyak aahe, kinwa pratibandhatmak imagingsathi, jyasathi pratibandhit prasar pakadanyasathi uchch bii-moolya adhigrahan (> 1000 1000) aavashyak aahe.
"curtosis model":
jethe sootra _ 25 heey uutinche aantarik prasar gunank aahe aanee sootra _ 26 heey curtosis mapdand (gossian prasaranapasun vichalan) aahe.
uutinchi rachana aanee mojamapachya paristhitibaddal kahee gruhitak gruheet dharoon donhi pratimancha sambandh asoo shakato.
perfusionla prasarapasoon vegale karnyasathi signal-too-noiseche changle praman aavashyak asate aanee tyavar maat karnyasathi kahee tantrik aavhane (kalakruti, itar mothya pramanat pramanat ghatanancha prabhav ii.) aahet.). ivim paddhatisah upalabdh asalele 'perfusion' mapdand dekhil tracer paddhatindware prapt kelelya 'shastriy' perfusion mapdandanpeksha kahise vegale aaheth 'perfusion' sharirshastradnyanchya dolhyanni (rakt pravah) kinwa radiologistchya dolhyanni (raktavahinyanchi ghanata) pahile jaau shakate. kharokhar, ivim model sudharanyasathi aanee karyatmak raktavahinyanchya sanrachaneshi aanee tyachi jaivik prasangikteshi tyacha sambandh adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghenyasathi jaaga aahe.
anuprayog.
mendu sakriy abhyasasathi (bolled fmrichya parichayapurvi) aanee vaidyakeey anuprayogansathi (stroke, brain tumour) perfusionche moolyankan karnyasathi aanee mendu perfusionche nakashe tayar karnyasathi ivm mrichi suruvat karnyat aalee hotee. menduchya sakriy bhaganmadhye ivm perfusion mapdandanmadhye vaadh aanee eff. emm. aar. aay. signalmadhil vividh raktavahinyanchya yogdanachi aaplyala samajanyat madat karnyasathichya drushtikonachi kshamata yamule alikadil karyane eff. emm. aar. aay. pasoon ivm sankalpanechi vaidhata siddha kelee aahe. eff. emm. aar. aay. chya sandarbhat dekhil ivm emm. aar. aay. chaa nakaratmak paddhatine vapar keela gela aahe.
kahisha mothya dhamnyanmadhye kinwa raktavahinyanmadhye raktavahinyanmadhye pravahamule mothya majjatantuchya pradeshanna poshan milate kinwa teey vahoon jaate, tyamule thalak fmrich maryada mhanje tyache avkashiy sankalp. emm. aar. aay. kramamadhye (qamee bii-mulyanshi sambandhit) "prasar" pravanata spandane ghaloon, ekhadi vyakti thalak sanketatil sarvat mothya vahinyanche (jalad pravahashi sambandhit uchch dii * moolyansah) yogdan chiradoon takoo shakate aanee sakriyatechya nakashanche avkashiy sankalp sudharu shakate. jaree nehmich ivim sankalpanecha sandarbh denyacha vichar keela jaat nasla taree anek gut yaa yuktivar avalambun aahet. hii ivim sankalpana itar anuprayog sudharanyasathi dekhil ghetali gelee aahe, udaharanarth, arterial spin labeling (aii. ess. ell.) kinwa perfused seela systemedhe bahya koshikeey vahatya dravatoon signal dabnyasathi.
tathapi, ivim emm. aar. aay. chey alikadech mendumadhye navhe tarr sampoorn shariramadhyehi lakshaniy punarujjivan jhaale aahe. mutrapindanmadhye kinwa agadi hrudayatahi purvichya utsahavardhak parinamanantar, ivim emm. aar. aay. neey kharokharach yakrutacha vapar karnyas suruvat kelee. udaharanarth, luciani aanee itar. serohotic rugnanmadhye dii * lakshaniyaritya qamee jhalyache aadhalun aale, jeey ivm modelnusar, raktacha veg (aanee pravah) qamee karnyakade nirdesh karate. (aanakhi eka saiddhantik, tarr ashakya arth assa aahe qee yakrut fibrosis asalelya rugnanmadhye keshika vibhag lamb kinwa adhik saral hotat). perfusion ansh, eff, joou ivm modelmadhil raktachya pramanashi jodalela aahe, too samanya rahila, jyane yamda aanee itaranchya aadhichya parinamanchi pushti kelee. tathapi, yakrut sirosismadhye raktache praman qamee hone apekshit aahe.
ekhadyane heey lakshat thewale pahije qee ivim imajingmadhye vaparlelya gatee sanvedansheelatechya (bii moolye) shreninusar, vahinyanchya prakarambaddal bhinn sanvedansheelata asate. jalad pravah asalelya mothya vahinyanmadhun signal atishay qamee bii moolyansah patkan adrushya hoto, tarr mand pravah asalelya lahan vahinya ajunahi 200 seey/miimii 2 peksha jaast bii moolyansah prapt kelelya ivm signalmadhye yogdan deu shakatat. heey dekhil disun aale aahe qee eff parameter, bahutekda perfusion apurnankashi sambandhit asato, done model dabyanmadhil (rakt/ootee) bhinn spin-spin shithilatechya darasathi sanvedanshil asato aanee asha prakare atyant paripoorn uutinmadhye atiaakalit keela jaau shakato. yaa prabhavachi durusti vegalya pratidhvani velet atirikt pratimandware sadhya kelee jaate.
visheshtah shariratil karkarogachya sanshayaspad rugnanchya (prostate, yakrut, mootrapind, swadupind ii.) pratimesathi aanakhi anek anuprayoganchi aata tapasani suru aahe.) aanee manvi naal. ivim diffusion emm. aar. aay. chey eka pramukh vaishishtya mhanje tyat contrast agentscha samavesh nasato aanee nephrogenic systemic fibrosischa (aine. ess. eff.) dhoka asalelya kahee rugnanmadhye perfusion emm. aar. aay. sathee haah eka manoranjak paryay mhanoon disu shakato.

