
bett hamdrash hagodol

beth hamdrash hagodol (, "gret studdy haus") hii eka rudhivadi jyoo mandali aahe jee 120 varshanhun adhik kaal newyork shaharatil manhattonchya khalchya purvekadil shejarchya grand aanee broom rastyanmadhil norphoke streetvaril aitihasik imaratit hotee. newyork shaharat sthapan jhaleli hii pahili purv europeey mandali hotee aanee americetil sarvat junie russian jyoo rudhivadi mandali hotee.
1852 madhye rabbi abraham eshh yanni 'bett hamdrash' mhanoon sthapan keleli hii mandali 1859 madhye vibhagali gelee, rabbi aanee bahutek sadasyanni tyanchya mandalache naav badaloon 'bett hamdrash hagodol' thewale. mandalache adhyaksh aanee thodya sankhyene sadasyanni akheris 'kahal adath jeshurun' chey kendrabindu tayar kele, jyala eldridge street synagog asehi mhanatat. newyork shaharache pahile aanee ekmev pramukh rabbi rabbi jacob joseph yanni 1888 teey 1902 paryant mandalache netrutva kele. holocostmadhun bachavana mojkya european jyoo kayadeshir nirnaykartyanpaiki eka asalelya rabbi ephraim oshree yanni 1952 teey 2003 paryant mandalache netrutva kele.
1850 madhye norphoke street baptist church mhanoon bandhaleli aanee 1885 madhye vikat ghetaleli mandalichi imarat, eka gothick punarujjivan rachana, hii khalchya purvekadil sarvat mothya sabhasthananpaiki eka hotee. 1999 madhye aitihasik sthalanchya rashtriy nondanivar tyachi yadee karnyat aalee. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat mandali qamee jhaali aanee vadalanmule nuksan jhalelya imaratichi dekhbhal karane ashakya jhaale. tyanna nidhi aanee anudan midalyanantarhi, hii rachana gambhirpane dhokyat aalee hotee.
2007 madhye sabhasthan bund karnyat aale. niyamitpane upasthit asalelya sumare 20 sadasyanparyant qamee jhaleli hii mandali, heinry streetvaril eka mandalisobat suvidha samayik karat hotee. khalchya purvekadil snrakshak sanstha imaratiche shaikshanik kendrat rupantar karnyachya uddeshane, durustisathi andaje $45 laakh gola karnyacha prayatna karat hotee. decembermadhye rabbi mendell greenbaum yanchya netrutvakhalil sabhasthanane, naveen nivasi vikasasathi marg tayar karnyasathi imarat padanyachi parvanagi midavi yasathi, khuna sanrakshn aayogakade 'kasht yachika' dakhal kelee. haah arj march 2013 madhye mage ghenyat aala, parantu khalchya purvekadil gut mitranni bett hamdrash hagodolchya sthitiche varnan 'durlakshane vidhvans' asey kele. 14 meey 2017 roji jhalelya 'sanshayaspad' teen-alarmchya aagit sodoon dilele sabhasthan 'mothya pramanat nasht' jhaale.
prarambhik itihas.
beth hamdrash hagodolchi sthapana purv europeey jyoo lokanni 1852 madhye beth hamdrash (shabdasha 'abhyasache ghar', parantu sabhasthanasathi shabd mhanoon yiddishmadhye bolchalani bhashet vaparali jaate) mhanoon kelee hotee. sansthapak rabbi, abraham joseph eshh, yancha janm 1813 kinwa 1821 madhye simietise (tatkalin congress polland) yethe jhaala. too 1851 kinwa 1852 madhye newyork shaharat sthalantarit jhaala. americet seva denare pahile purv european orthodox rabbi, eshh yanni "german jyoo mandalyanchya sudharanavadi pravrutti nakarlya". tyanni lavkarach samaan vichardharanchya polish jyoo lokanche 'minyan' (prathna ganpurti) aayojit kele aanee 1852 paryant seva aayojit karnyas suruvat kelee. sadasyatvamadhye jaree bahutansh polish jyoo hote, taree tyat lithuanian, done german aanee eka ingraj dekhil hota."mandalichya astitvachya pahilya sahaa varshanmadhye, rakhala rabbi mhanoon tyachya kamasathi paise dile gele naheet aanee tyaeivaji too eka vikreta mhanoon udarnirvah karat hota.
suruvatichya varshanmadhye hii mandali varanvar firat aseh 1852 madhye tee 83 bayered rastyavar, nantar elm aanee kalvyat aanee 1853 teey 1856 paryant chatham aanee madhya rastyandarmyanchya motyavaril eka sabhagruhat hotee. 1856 madhye, samajsevika sampson simson aanee mandalichya sadasyanchya paramparavadabaddal sahanubhooti balgananya shrimant sephardi jyoo lokanchya madatine, mandaline elon rastyavar eka velsh prathanagruh vikat ghetale. eka changle ibri granthalay" asalele sabhasthan heey prathna aanee abhyas yaa donhinche thikan hote, tyat rabbi kautumbik darbar samavisht hota aanee itihaskar aanee dirghakalin sadasya juda david eisenstein yanchya matey, "deshatil rudhivadi jyoo margdarshanache sarvat mahattvache kendra vegane banale."
sabhasthanatil dey rakkam 'shamash' (sexton kinwa beadleschya samatulya) dware gola kelee jaat asey, jyanni glazier mhanoon kaam karoon aanee praveshdvarat eka lahan ann savalat stand chalavun tyanche vetan vadhavale. tithe 'kaddish' pathan karnyasathi aalele shoke karnare spunge kekcha eka tukada aanee brandycha lahan pyala daha sentala (aaj $0) kharedi karoo shakat hote.
beth hamdrash heey purv europeey jyoo lokanche mool american sabhasthan hote, jyanni 1870 chya dashakat mothya sankhyene americet pravesh karnyas suruvat kelee. tyanchya aadhi aalelya german jyoo sthalantaritanchi sabhasthane dharmik aanee sanskratikdrushtya aparichit asalyache tyanna aadhalale. bhashik aanee samajik asha donhi karananmule german jyupeksha russian jyoo lokanna russian samajatoon visheshtah adhik vagalanyat aale hote. german jyoo lokanpeksha vegale, bett hamdrashchi sthapana karananya jyoo lokanni dharm aanee sabhasthan yaa donhikade tyanchya jivanacha kendrabindu mhanoon pahile. tyanni europemadhil jyaa prakarche sabhasthan hote, teey bett hamdrashmadhye punha tayar karnyacha prayatna keela.
matbhed.
1859 madhye, allen rastyavaril thikan kharedi karnyasathi kona jababdar hote yabaddal aish aanee sabhasthanatil 'parnas' (adhyaksh) joshua rothstein yanchyat matbhed nirman jhaale aanee 'adhikrut adhikar aanee' sanmanachya 'prashnavar sangharshat teey vadhale. sadasyanni yaa vadat bajoo ghetali, jyamule sabhasthanat gondhal, eka vadgrast nivadanuk jhaali aanee akheris rothsteinla mandalache adhyaksh mhanoon kadhoon taknyacha prayatna karnyasathi eshane tyala united stateschya nyayalayat nele. nyayalayane aishache yuktivad fetalalyanantar, bahutansh sadasyanni rakh sodoon bett hamdrash hagodol (abhyasache mahan ghar) tayar kele, mool navat 'hagodol' ('mahan') haah shabd jodala.
rothsteinche anuyayi elon streetchya thikani rahile aanee 1880 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant 'beth hamdrash' heey naav kayam thewale. sadasyatva aanee aarthik sansadhane donhi mothya pramanat qamee jhalyamule, tyanna mandalachya hoche josher vizanermadhye villin honyas bhag padale gele; ektrit mandalane "kahal adath jeshurun" heey naav sweekarle aanee eldridge street synagog bandhale.
eisensteinchya matey, bett hamdrash hagodolne eka asey vatavaran pradan kele jeey "samajik dharmik" hote, jyamadhye jyoo lock "[daad] dharmanishthela aanandasah ekatra karatat; teey tyanchya" shulela "" shtibla "kinwa prathna mandalachi kholee mhanatat; sarvashaktiman aanee ghrunaspad [laal] shishtachar yanchyashi parichit honyachi tyanchi ichcha aahe; upasthit pratyekane prathananmadhye sameel vhave aanee jup karava ashee tyanchi ichcha aahe; sarvat mahattvache mhanje teey niyamitpane niyukt kelelya cantercha tiraskar karatat."sevanchya anaupacharikatechya ulat, sadasyanni jyoo aahar kayadyanche katekorpane palan kele aanee pratyek sadasyane valhandan sanachya divashi vaparasathi tyachya" "matzos" "chya beckingwar vaiyaktikaritya dekhrekh thewali".
mandali suruvatila bhavya aanee forsyth rastyanchya kopyatil imaratichya varchya majalyavar halavali gelee aanee 1865 madhye punha, clinton rastyavaril purvichya nyayalayat halavali gelee. 1872 madhye, mandalane ludalo aanee hester rastyanvar eka sabhasthan bandhale. tethe mandalachya tarun sadasyanni adhik niyantran midavale aanee kahee kirkol navkalpananchi suruvat kelee; udaharanarth, 'parnas' chey shirshak badaloon adhyaksh karane aanee 1877 madhye sevanmadhye adhik aupcharikta aanee shishtachar aananyasathi tasech naveen sadasyanna aakarshit karnyasathi, darvarshi $500 (aaj $) sathee eka vyavsayik cantor-juda oberman-niyukt karane. kahee pramanat 'american' asoonahi, sarvasadharanpane mandali agadi paramparik rahili. purush aanee striya swatantrapane basale, paramparik prathna pustakatil sampoorn seva palali gelee aanee mandaline ajunahi purushanna rabbi dharmachya niyuktisathi prashikshan dile. yavyatirikt, 1870 chya dashakat sthapan jhalelya talmud aanee mishnah abhyas gatanche sakali aanee sandhyakali donhi velee aayojan karnyat aale hote.
yaa kalat eshane fakt beth hamdrash hagodolcha rabbi mhanoon adhunmadhun kaam kele hote; american yadavi yuddhadarmyan, tyache paise gamavanyapurvi aanee rabbinetkade parat jaanyapurvi, too kahee kalasathi hoopscurtcha yashasvi utpadak hota. tyachya bahereel vyavsayik upkramansah aanee hasidvadakade kathit cull yasah, mandalache tyachyashi anek prashna hote. mandalitil jitke adhik vidwan sadasya tyachya shishyavruttila virodh karat hote. eshane 1877 madhye rabbi padacha rajinama deela aanee 1879 madhye bett hamdrash hagodolchya sanchalakanni newyorksathi mukhya rabbi niyukt karnyacha prastav mandala. newyork shaharatil anek sabhasthananni 'united hibru orthodox mandalya' sthapan kelya aanee yaa bhoomikesathi 'malbim' (miir libush baine jehil michel vezar) nivadanyas sahmati darshavali. philadelphiyachya 'jyoo reecord' madhye niyuktichi ghoshana karnyat aalee hotee, parantu 'malbimsney' kadhihi heey padd bharale nahee. beth hamdrash hagodolne masik 25 dollar (kinwa 300 dollar-aaj $-prati varsh) pagarasah mandalachya rabbichi rikt bhoomika bharnyasathi rakh punha niyukt kelee. pudhchya varshi mandalane simhe samuelson yaa naveen canterla varshala $1,000 (aaj $) madhye rakhchya pagarachya tippat bhadyane ghetale.
norphoke street building.
khalchya purvekadil grand street aanee broom street darmyan asalelya, 'id1' norphoke streetvaril mandalichi imarat, moolatah norphoke street baptist church hotee. 1841 madhye jevha stanton street baptist charchchi mandali vibhajit jhaali tevha sadasyanni pratham norphoke aanee zaadu yetheel vidyaman charchchya imaratit pooja kelee hotee. 1848 madhye tyanni adhikrutpane eka naveen imarat samavisht kelee aanee tiche bandhkam suru kele, jee janewari 1850 madhye samarpit karnyat aalee.
mothya pramanat badal naan jhalyane, eka adnyat vastuvishardane gothick punarujjivan shailit yaa sanrachanechi rachana kelee hotee, jyat chhappar aanee majalyavar lakadachya chaukatisah dagadi bandhkam asalelya bhinti aanee tapkiri dagadi payabharanichya bhinti aanee bahereel darvaja aanee khidkyanchya chhatani hotya. samoril darshani bhag (paschim, norphoke rastyavar) jaree itar unchi vitanni tond karoon asali taree, "gulgulit-tond asalelya aashalarche anukaran karnyasathi chikat aanee gunankan kelele aahe". khidkyanchi serve shodhmohim lakadatil hotee. mool kamacha barachsa bhag bajuchya unchivar aahe. vaishishtyapurnapane gothick bahya vaishishtyanmadhye "ubhya pramanat, thibak aakarasah tokdar kamandar khidakya ughadane, manonyansah teen khadee mukhavata" yancha samavesh aahe. gothick aateel vaishishtyanmadhye "ribbed walting" aanee "unch aanee unch aayatakruti nave aanee apse" yancha samavesh aahe."mulat mukhya darvajavaril khidaki golakar gulabachi khidaki hotee aanee samoril done manonyanmadhye sadhyachya sadhya shikharanaivaji tracerymadhye cranellation hote. khaleel chauras khidakya mool aahet, parantu purvichi quaterfoil lakadi tracery anek prakarananmadhye gelee aahe. quatrefoilcha bandcourse mulat darshani bhagachya madhyabhagat pasarla hota.
jaree imaratiche bandhkam suru hote, taree charchchya shejarchi vanshik rachana zapatyane badalat hotee; mool janmalele baptist ayrish aanee german sthalantaritanni visthapit kele hote. sadasyanni shaharavar sthalantar kele, tevha mandalane pathpurava karnyacha nirnay ghetala aanee 1860 madhye tyanchi imarat alanson tii. laa vikali. bigg, eka yashasvi sthanik vyapari. prasthan karananya baptist mandaline pachvya avenue baptist charchchi sthapana kelee, nantar park avenue charchchi sthapana kelee aanee shevati nadikathche church bandhale.
biganni churchche rupantar paddhatvadyansathi kele aanee 1862 madhye, alanson paddhatvadi episcopal charchkade malki hastantarit kelee. 1873 madhye 572 sadasyanchi sankhya vadhoon, paddhatvadi mandali kahee kaal yashasvi jhaali. tyanantar tee qamee jhaali aanee charchala aarthik adchanincha samna karava lagla. 1878 madhye mandalane newyork ciity church vistar aanee methodist episcopal charchchya missionary societykade malki hastantarit kelee.
1866 madhye sthapan jhalelya church vistar aanee missionary societyche dhyey hote... newyork shaharatil church, mission aanee ravivar-shalanna protsahan dene."tyanni pramukhyane garib bhagat kinwa vikasit hott asalelya bhagat paddhatvadi church bandhali kinwa tyanna pathimba deela, jyat nantar pahilya rumenian-american mandalila rahnyasathi asalelya imaratitil charchchahi samavesh hota. norphoke street building kharedi kelyanantar lagechach charchcha vistar aanee missionary societyla aadhalale qee shejarcha bhag bahutek jyoo aanee german jhaala aahe. 1884 paryant, "church khoop mothe aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi mahag aahe" heey lakshat aale aanee teey vikrisathi thewale.
1885 madhye beth hamdrash hagodolne hii imarat 45,000 dollarla (aaj $) vikat ghetali aanee 10,000 dollarchya (aaj $) kimmatit badal aanee durusti kelee, parantu punha ughadanyane konatehi bahya badal kele naheet. sabhasthanatil vaparashi julavun ghenyasathi samanyatah aateel bhagat badal kele gele. yamadhye torah gundali thevanyasathi (mool mandapachya jaagi), tarvaheril 'shashvat prakash' aanee 'bima' (eka madhyavarti unch vyaspeeth jethe torah gundali vachalya jaatat) yancha samavesh hota. kahee velela nabhichya teen bajunni mahilanchi dalan jodali gelee. aateel punarsangatimadhye abhayaranyachya chhatancha samavesh hota, jeey "tanyanni jadalele, chamakdar nile rangane rangavalele" hote.
naveen aanee shrimant sadasyanna aakarshit karnyavyatirikt, purv europemadhil tulanene naveen sthalantarit jyoo lokansathi pratishtha aanee aadar midvinyasathi aanee khalchya purvekadil jyoo heey varchya manhatton shaharatil sudharanashil jyoo lokanpramanech 'susanskrut' asoo shakatat heey darshavinyasathi mothya imaraticha uddesh mandalacha hota. yaa karanastav, khalchya purvekadil itar anek mandalyannihi yaa kalat naveen imarati kharedi kelya kinwa bandhalya. 1886 madhye kahal adath jeshurunane pii. varshik paach hazar dollarschya tatkalin aashcharyakarak rakmesathi' (aaj $) minkovy. beth hamdrash hagodolne europemadhun prasiddha aanee uchch pagarachya cantor israyal michelovsky (kinwa michelovsky) yanchi bharati karoon pratisad deela. 1888 paryant beth hamdrash hagodolchya sadasyanmadhye american ghatakachi yogya favarani karnyabarobarach anek banker, vakeel, aayatdar aanee ghauk vyapadhyancha samavesh hota."
jaree imaratimadhye purvi badal jhaale hote-udaharanarth, charchcha vistar aanee missionary societyne 1880 madhye "manonyanmadhun kharab jhalele parapet kadhoon takale"-1890 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant tyat lakshaniy nutanikaran jhaale nahee. tyaa varshi imaratichya samoril gulabachi khidaki kadhoon taknyat aalee, "bahudha tyat khrishchan ruparesha asalyamule" aanee tyaa jaagi ajunahi gothick shailinusar asalelya mothya kamandar khidakeene badalanyat aale. heey kaam (ernest) snider aanee (heinry) hearter yaa german sthalantaritanchya sthapatya sansthene haatee ghetale hote, jyanni udyanachya purv sabhasthanasaha itar anek sabhasthananvar kaam kele hote. 1893 madhye tyanni durlakshit dekhbhalicha parinam mhanoon 'gambhir sanrachanatmak samasya' sodavalya. yaa kamat "pudhil payya sthir karane, charchchya bajunna bajukadil aadharasathi vitanche buttress jodane, punha gothick shailit aanee mool talghar stambhanna sahaa inch cast lokhandi stambhansah punha tayar karane [samavisht] samavisht hote."nantarchya nutanikaranane mukhya majalyapasun talgharaparyantchya lakadi payyanaivaji lokhandi payya badalalya.
darshani bhagachya madhyabhagi devidche done taare jodale gele. eka junya chhayachitrat (varchya davikade), khidakichya kamanichya varchya bajula asalelya pametchya alankaravar disate. dusare, gablechya varchya bajula basavalele, aadhunik chhayachitrat (varchya) drishyaman rahate. junya chhayachitrat gablechya varr disanari payanvaril asamanya gumbadasarkhi rachana, jee aata gelee aahe, tee sabhasthanane dekhil jodali hotee, tasech tee jyaa chauras sanrachanevar basali hotee. mukhya darvajanvar mothya ibri shilalekhasah puttle yaa kalat, junya chhayachitrapurvi jodale gele hote. darshani bhagachya madhyabhagachya varchya bhagachi sajavat kiman 1974 paryant tikoon rahili, tasech manonyanvaril chauras khidkyanchya tracerychi; hii gothick sajavat kharab jhalyanantar kadhoon taknyat aalee.
jacob joseph yug.
aish 1887 madhye maran pavali aanee united hibru orthodox mandalinni (aata american orthodox hibru mandalyanchi sanghatana mhanoon olakhalya jaananya) beth hamdrash hagodolche rabbi aanee newyork shaharache mukhya rabbi mhanoon kaam karnyasathi uttaradhikanyacha shodh suru keela. israyalachya sherith mandalachya rabbi heinry pereira mendes yanni yaa shodhala virodh keela. mendesla vatale qee 1886 madhye sabato morais yanchyabarobar saha-sthapana kelelya jyoo dharamshastriy seminary auph america (jeey. tii. ess. aii.) laa pathimba denyasathi paisa aanee urja adhik changlya prakare kharch kelee jaeel. tyanchya matey, seminarymadhye americet janmalelya rabbina prashikshan dene heey american sudharana judismchya vadhatya samarthyashi ladhanyache adhik prabhavi sadhan aselah heey mool ingraji bhashik rabbi tarun pidhila aayat kelelya, yidish bhashikanpeksha khoop jaast aakarshit kartil.
american orthodox hebru mandalachya sanghatnene moraisachi bhoomika nakarli aanee anek "purv europeey pramukh orthodox rabbi" yanna bhoomika deu kelee, jyanni tee nakarli. tyanni akheris zvee rabinovic aanee jacob joseph yaa done umedvaranparyant jaaga maryadit kelee. jaree rabinovichala "purv europeey aaghadichya rabbi" kadoon "prachand pathimba" midala asala, taree mandalane jacob josephala newyork shaharacha pahila-aanee fakt mukhya rabbi mhanoon niyukt kele.
kroj, lithuania yethe janmalelya josephane naftali zvee yehuda berlinchya netrutvakhali vologene yeshivamadhye shikshan ghetale hote; tyachya tikshna manamule too tethe raav yakov charif ("rabbi jacob sharp") mhanoon olakhala jaat asey. too isroel salantarchya mukhya shishyanpaiki eka hota aanee 1883 madhye tyala vilnacha 'maggid' (upadeshak) mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote. bett hamdrash hagodol, eldridge street synagog aanee 13 itar khalchya purvekadil synagogny newyorkchya orthodox samudayachya dekharekhisathi european shailitil 'kehila' tayar karnyasathi 2,500 dollars (aaj $) jamaa kele hote aanee teey (shevati apoorn) dhyey sadhya karnyachya prayatnat josephala aayat kele hote. josefcha pagar tevhacha varshala 2,500 dollar itka hota, "bhade, furniture aanee upayuktatesathi atirikt 1000 dollar". jaree josephachi niyukti kahee pramanat shaharachya madhyavarti bhagatil rudhivadi mandalyanna pratishtha midvoon denyacha hetu asala, taree mukhya rabbi mhanoon tyache prathamik karya newyorkchya astavyast kosher kattal udhyogat suvyavastha aanee niyaman aanane heey hote.
joseph 7 julai 1888 roji newyorkla aala aanee nantar tyach mahinyat tyane bett hamdrash hagodol yethe tyache udghatan vishramdinache pravachan dile. yaa bhashanane prachand gardi aakarshit kelee, 1500 hoon adhik purush abhayaranyat aale aanee hajaro lock baher aale. gardivar niyantran thevanyasathi aanee josephala sabhasthanat nenyasathi polisanna atirikt sainya bolavave lagale. jaree tyanchi nivad kahee pramanat tyanchya "eka vakta mhanoon vilakshan kaushalyansathi" jhaali asali taree europemadhye tyanchi bolanyachi shaili aanee pravachan jee khoop aavadati hotee, tee newyorkchya prekshakanna prabhavit karoo shakali naheet. abraham kahanchya matey, vilnamadhye tyachya shabdanmadhye tahanane madyapan karananya lokanni tyachya pravachanachya madhyabhagi sabhasthan sodale."
aktoobar 1888 madhye josephane mukhya rabbi mhanoon aapale pahile mahattvapoorn vidhan kele. tyane newyorkchya jyoo kukkutpalan vyavasayasathi naveen niyam jaaree kele, teey jyoo kayadyanusar aananyachya prayatnat. yaa niyamanche palan karnyachya dekharekhikhali asalelya sansthela pathimba denyasathi maans aanee kombadichya kimmatit vaadh karoon nidhi ubharala jaanar hota. matra, badhit vikrete aanee grahakanni haah curr bharnyas nakar deela. tyanni tyachi tulana rashiyatil mansavaril curr asalelya 'korobka' shhee kelee, jyacha tyanna tiraskar hota aanee 'aayat kelelya rabbi' chya virodhat janewari 1889 madhye eka samoohik sabha aayojit kelee. kosher maans vyavasay aayojit karnyat josephala kadhihi yash aale nahee.
jeey tyache bolane aikanyasathi aale hote tyanna shabbathacha apavitra karanepasun rokhanyatahi joseph asamarth hota aanee tyachya yiddi upadeshancha tarun pidhivar konatahi parinam jhaala nahee. yavyatirikt, tyala anek adthalyancha samna karava lagalah tyala konatahi prashasakeey anubhav kinwa prashikshan navhate, sthanik rudhivadi rabbi (visheshtah joshua segal) aanee tyachya mandalibaheril jyoo lokanni tyacha adhikar swikarla nahee aanee aparamparik jyoo aanee gatanni tyachyavar teeka kelee. 1895 madhye jhalelya strokemule yaa samasya aanakhi vadhalya, jyamule too anshatah aksham jhaala, tyanantar 1900 madhye punha ekada aala jyamule too antharunala padala.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat, newyork shaharatil itar sabhasthane anekada eka vishisht matdarsanghala seva dett asat, visheshtah russia, polland kinwa romaniyamadhil ekach shaharatil jyoo. beth hamdrash hagodola mool kahihi asso, serve jyoo lokanche swagat aanee madat karnyacha abhiman hota. sabhasthanatil valhandan madat samitee-garib jyoo lokanna nidhi aanee ann puravanyasathi samarpit aahe jenekarun teey valhandan sanachi sutty yogya prakare sajra karoo shaktil-asey mhatale aahe qee "garibanna paise aanee matzo vitareet kartana, sarvanna ekach vadilanchi mule mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee vegvegalya deshantil mool rahivashanmadhye konatihi resha kadhali jaat nahee."20vya shatkachya akheris, beth hamdrash hagodol heey valhandan sanachya purvathyasathi garibanna varshala andaje $800 (aaj $) vitareet karat hote, tarr sabhasthanatil ekoon utpann sumare $5,000 (aaj $) hote. heey garibansathichya tyachya sarasari $15 (aaj $) saptahik yogdanachya varr hote aanee vaiyaktik mandalachya sadasyanchya varshik sumare $2,000 (aaj $) chya varr hote. 1901 paryant, varshik mahasool sumare $6,000 (aaj $) hota aanee mandalache 150 sadasya hote.
josefchya karyakalat, beth hamdrash hagodolne amerikechya orthodox jyoo mandalya ('orthodox union') sthapan karnyas madat kelee. 1898 chya vasant rutumadhye, newyorkchya anek rudhivadi sabhasthananmadhil 50 adhikari-jyat mandali ohab zedek, eldridge street sabhasthal, mandali sherith israyal aanee beth hamdrash hagodol yancha samavesh aahe-sansthechi nirmiti karnyasathi bolavale gele. 1980 chya dashkaparyant orthodox unionmadhye 1,000 hoon adhik sadasya mandalya hotya.
josephane 1888 madhye americet aalyapasun 1902 madhye vayachya 62 vya varshi tyachya mrutyuparyant sabhasthanatil rabbi mhanoon kaam kele. yaa kalat, tyache kutumb garibeet gele, kaaran tyala tyacha pagar midala nahee, joou kosher maans aanee vikretyanvaril apekshit karanvar aadharit hota aanee 'matzo' varr. tyachya mrutyunantar, beth hamdrash hagodolne tyachya vidhva $1,500 (aaj $) aanee masik $15 vetanache vachan deuun tyala tyachya smashanbhumit daphan karnyacha adhikar surakshit keela; tyaa badalyat, lokanni tyachyajaval daphan karnyachya adhikarasathi, eka prakaranat, mandalila mothya rakmechi-$5,000 (aaj $) deu kelee. tyachya antyavidhila 100,000 paryant shoke karnare upasthit hote, newyorkchya rudhivadi jyoo lokanni tyachya aayushyatil vagnukisathi anshatah nuksan bharpai mhanoon shevatcha sanman karnyachya aparadh-prerit prayatnanmule teey dhagal jhaale."
joseph yuganantar.
josefchya jaagi rabbi shalam elchanan jaaf aala, joou orthodox rabbi sanghachya sansthapak aanee rabbi isaq elchanan dharamshastriy seminarycha prabal samarthak hota. vilnajaval janmalelya jaffney, josefpramanech, vologene yeshiva yethe shikshan ghetale hote aanee naftali zvee yehuda berlin aanee yitzak elchanan spector yanchyakadun tyache rabbiyan padgrahan kele hote. dharmik bhashyanchya anek pustakanche lekhak, jaaf heey kahee pramanat newyorkchya kasai dukane aanee kattalkhanyanchya kosher dekharekhivaril tyanchya adhikaramule, khalchya purvekadil eka prabhavshali rabbi hote. too eka prabal zionist virodhi dekhil hota aanee "herzlecha mrutyu jhaala tevha tyala anand jhaala".
1902 paryant harry fishell heey mandalache upadhyaksh hote; tethe teey pahilyanda bhetale aanee akheris tyanche bhavee javai, herbert ess. yanchya baar mitzwahla upasthit rahile. goldstein. jeey. tii. ess. aii. yethe jeffney niyukt kelelya goldsteinne harlemmadhye sansthatmak sabhasthan sthapan kele. union auph orthodox jyush mandale auph america, daad rubbinical council auph america (first presidium) aanee daad synagog council auph america yanche adhyaksh rahilele teey ekmev vyakti aahet. albert einstein devavar vishvas thevato qaa, asey vicharananya april 1929 madhye goldsteinchya tarala uttar detanach einsteinne mhatale hote, "mea spinojachya devavar vishvas thevato, joou swatahla jagachya kayadeshir susanvadat prakat karato, tyaa devavar nahee joou manavanchya bhavitavyachi aanee krutinchi kalji gheto."
1908 paryant beth hamdrash hagodolmadhye 175 sadasya kutumbe hotee aanee sabhasthanatil varshik mahasool $10,000 (aaj $) hota. 1909 madhye, american rabbichya 20 vya kendriya parishadecha nishedh karnyasathi sabhasthan heey eka jansabheche thikan hote, jyache varnan 'yaa shaharatil parishadet tathakathit sudharit rabbindware jyoodvadache durbhavanapurna chukiche chitran' asey kele gele hote aanee 1913 madhye sabhasthan heey pahilya tarun israyal sabhasthanasathi nidhi gola karnyasathi 'aitihasik jansabheche' thikan hote, jyat jacob shif atithi vakta hote. 1919 paryant sadasyasankhya 110 kutumbanparyant ghasarali hotee.
dow. benjamin fleesher, eka prasiddha vakta, september 1924 madhye bett hamdrash hagodolcha rabbi mhanoon nivadala gela. bett hamdrash hagodolcha rabbi mhanoon kaam karat asatana tyane tyache 1938 chey tatvik karya "punarmulyankan" prakashit kele. jyoo dharmik tattvadnyan, naitikta aanee itihas aanee tyacha 1941 chaa lashkari itihas 'danne teey megido' yaa vishayanvaril vividh nibandh, vyakhyane aanee pravachan. meey 1939 madhye, tyane aanee itar done rabbi (aanee sachiv mhanoon chautha rabbi) yanni yuu. ess. madhye pahila kayamswarupi 'bett deane' (jyoo kayadyacha nyayalay) sthapan keela.ess.
20vya shatkachya suruvatipasun madhyaparyant mandalichi aarthik sthitee ajunahi changli navhati; jaree 1885 madhye norphoke rastyavaril imarat 45,000 dollarla (aanee badal aanee durustisathi 10,000 dollar) kharedi karnyat aalee hotee, tarihi 1921 madhye gahan thevanyavar 40,000 dollar (aaj $) dene baakee hote. imarativar kelelya kamamule atirikt kharch jhaala; done varshanpurvi, vastuvisharad george dressney shauchalay suvidhanchi punarrachana kelee hotee, 1934 madhye vastuvisharad phillip bardes yanni imaratichya aagney kopyat eka lahan vitancha vistar tayar keela hota aanee 1930 kinwa 1940 chya dashakat abhayaranyachya aateel bhinti aanee paach spandralpacky chaar jerusalemchi rangiberangi "purv european-prerit" chitre aanee bhittichitre aanee "pavitra bhoomiche bhupradesh aanee baybalsambandhi drushye" rangavali hotee. december 1946chya shevati tatkalin rashtradhyaksh abraham greenwald yanni sangitale qee, imaratichya durustisathi $35,000 (aaj $) twarit jamaa kele gele naheet tarr teey padave lagel.
covno ghettomadhil prasiddha torah vidwan aanee dharmik nete aanee holocostmadhun bachavana mojkya european jyoo kayadeshir nirnaykartyanpaiki eka, ephraim oshree, 1952 madhye sabhasthanatil rabbi banale, jeey padd tyanni 50 varshanhun adhik kaal kayam thewale. holocostchya velee nazinni tyala eka godamatil snrakshak banavale hote, jyat 'namshesh jhalelya jyoo vanshatil kalakrutinchya' pradarshanasathichi jyoo pustake sathavali hotee. nazinni ladalelya atyant kathor paristhitit jyoo lock jyoo kayadyanusar tyanche jeevan kase jagoo shakatat yabaddal vicharale gelelya prashnanchi uttare dett, tyanni "pratisad" lihinyas madat karnyasathi pustakancha vapar keela. tyane 'gupt ratra pooja seva' dekhil chalavalya aanee valhandanasathi jyoo lokanna 'matzo' shijavanyas madat kelee, jarr teey sapadale tarr mrutyuchya dhokyat. yuddhanantar tyane bett hamdrash hagodol yethe rabbiche padd swikaranyasathi newyorkla jaanyapurvi, italimadhye jyoo anathansathi yeshiv aanee nantar montriyalmadhye aanakhi eka dharmik shaala sthapan kelee. tethe, tyanchi ravivari duparchi vyakhyane itaki lokpriy hotee qee sampoorn 1,200 aasananche abhayaranya bharale gele aanee oghalalelya pravahala payyanvarr basave lagale. bett hamdrash hagodolcha rabbi asatana, tyane newyorkmadheel monsey yethe praudh madhyamik shaletil pratibhavan mulansathi aanakhi eka yeshiv sthapan keela.
1967 madhye mandalichya imaratila punha padanyacha dhoka hota, parantu oshree, bahudha purvela khalchya bajus asalele pahile rabbi, jyanni aitihasik padache moolya olakhale, teey newyork shaharache chinh nishchit karnyat yashasvi tharale, tyamule teey vachale. tyaveli mandalane 1,400 sadasyancha dawa keela.
1974 madhye, newyork shahar khuna sanrakshn aayogane imarat aitihasik sthalanchya rashtriy nondanimadhye samavisht karnyasathi arj keela aanee rajya staravar mahattvapoorn manali; arjavar imaratichi sthitee "utkrusht" mhanoon varnan karnyat aalee. 19 juuna 1974 roji yaa prakaranacha aadhava ghenyat aala aanee heey thikan apatra manale gele. 1977 madhye yaa imaratila rung denyat aala aanee durusti karnyat aalee, parantu tyanantarchya varshant tee bighadali aanee tiche nuksan jhaale.
1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhapasun teey sadhyaparyant.
1997 chya unhalyat, eka vadalane imaratichya samoril mukhya done majali khidaki udavali aanee khidakichi lakadi chaukat kujaleli hotee, phutali hotee aanee tee vachavata aalee nahee. khidakichi durusti naan jhalyane, sumare 100 sadasyanni madat magnyapurvi, eka mahina abhayaranyasathi jaaga khulee thewali. toparyant, mandalyanni dirghkalapasun eka chhotya kholeet seva aayojit kelya hotya, keval uchch suttyanchya divashi abhayaranyacha vapar keela hota. newyorkchya landmark conservancychya luptapray imaratinchya nidhine tatpuratya dhatuchya khidkisathi 2,500 dollars dile aanee nukasanichi durusti karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya kamasathi landmark sanrakshn aayogakadun manjuri midvinyat madat kelee, parantu mandalachyakade tyasathi aavashyak asalelya 10,000 dollars navhate. 1998 madhye newyork landmark conservancychya pavitra sthalanchya karyakramatun beth hamdrash hagodola paristhiti sarvekshanasathi atirikt $2,000 midale. 1999 madhye rashtriy aitihasik padnamasathi dusra arj karnyat aala, yaveli too yashasvi jhaala; hii imarat sthanik staravar mahattvapoorn manali gelee aanee 30 november roji aitihasik sthalanchya rashtriy nondanimadhye samavisht karnyat aalee.
2000 saalee, mandaline aapatkalin durustisathi $40,000 jamaa kele aanee newyork rajya udyan karyalayane tyanna $230,000 chey anudan dile, jyat chhatavaril durustisaha jirnoddhar karyasathi karamanook aanee aitihasik sanrakshn samavisht hote, parantu anudan prapt karnyasathi aavashyak asalela nidhi gola karane tyanna shakya jhaale navhate. 6 december 2001 roji aag aanee tyanantarchya agnishaman prayatnanmule chhappar, chhat, bhittichitra aanee sajavatichya plasterworkche gambhir nuksan jhaale.
national trust phaur historical preservation 2003 madhye yaa imaratila dhokyat asalele aitihasik sthal mhanoon ghoshit kele, jeey yaa yaditil ekmev sabhasthan aahe. tyat ajunahi anek mahattvapoorn sthapatya vaishishtye kayam thevanyat aalee, jyat "alankrut jahaj aanee vyaspeeth, koralele kacheche dive asalele madhyavarti" bima "(vachakanche vyaspeeth), contilevered balkani, gothick walt kelele chhat aanee rangiberangi bhintchitre" yancha samavesh aahe; prakashamadhye "rupantarit gass fixer" samavisht hote. mool bandhkamapasun rakhoon thevalelya vaishishtyanmadhye gothick punarujjivan shailiche lakudkam aanee lott reshechya nantar cast-lokhandi railing aanee mool lakadi payancha samavesh hota. tyach varshi oshriche nidhan jhaale. tyacha uttaradhikari-swatah oshreene niyukt kelela-tyacha javai, rabbi mendall greenbaum hota.
2006 paryant, andaje aavashyak asalelya $35 lakhanpaiki $10 laakh sanrachanechya durustisathi gola karnyat aale hote. 2007 madhye, greenbaumne sabhasthan bund karnyacha nirnay ghetala, kaaran tyache sadasyatva sumare 15 paryant qamee jhaale hote. imarat bahutek lokansathi bund hotee kaaran tyache nuksan jhalele aateel bhag abhyagatansathi dhokadayak manale jaat hote. sabhasthan, "sarvat junya rudhivadi mandaliche ghar newyorkmadheel ekach thikani satat rahayache" chhatavar chhidre aanee chhatavarun padnare plaster "bandist aanee rikame" basoon hote. 2011 madhye imarat vibhagane rikama karnyacha aadesh jaaree keela.
imaratiche shaikshanik kendra banavanyachya uddeshane, purvela khalchya bajuchi snrakshak sanstha durustisathi andaje $45 laakh gola karnyacha prayatna karat hotee, asey sangitale jaate. yala amerikechya shikshan vibhagane 215,000 dollars manjur kele hote aanee loar manhatton development corporation tyala titakich rakkam denyache aashvasan dile hote. anek varshanpurvi newyork rajya, nagarparishad, mahapour bloomberg aanee manhatton barochya adhyakshanchya karyalayakadun sanrakshanala ekoon 9,80,000 dollars denyache aashvasan denyat aale hote, parantu adyap bahutek shahar nidhi midala navhata. haah gut nutanikaranachya pahilya tappyasathi khajgi dengidarankadun $400,000 gola karnyacha prayatna karat hota, jyamule rachana aanee chhappar surakshit hoil. greenbaumchya netrutvakhali, beth hamdrash hagodol heey niyamitpane upasthit asalelya sadasyanchya sankhyeparyant 20 paryant khalee aale hote aanee heinry streetvaril eka mandalibarobar suvidha samayik karat hote.
2012 chya akheris imaratichi durusti karnyasathi kiman daha laakh dollarsche anudan naan vaparlele hote aanee radd karnyat aale hote. december 2012 madhye greenbaumchya netrutvakhalil sabhasthanane, naveen nivasi vikasasathi marg tayar karnyasathi imarat padanyachi parvanagi midavi yasathi, khuna sanrakshn aayogakade "kasht yachika" dakhal kelee. sabhasthanaivaji, greenbaumne 45,000 chauras phoot condo imaratichi kalpana kelee, jyat talmajalyavar eka chhotya sabhasthanasathi jaaga hotee aanee kadachit eka 'kollel'. haah arj kiman tatpurata-march 2013 madhye mage ghenyat aala, parantu 'loar east bajuchya mitranni' gatane beth hamdrash hagodolchya sthitiche varnan 'durlakshane vidhvans' asey kele.
2017 aag.
14 meey 2017 roji, sandhyakali 7 vajlyanantar thodyach velat.emm., naan vaparlelya sabhasthanat teen-alarmchi aag lagali jyala eka pratyakshadarshine "motha sphot" mhatale. madhyaratrichya sumaras sumare 150 agnishamkanni aagivar niyantran midavale-jyanni aagichya velee ephraim oshricha mulga rabbi yehuda oshree yala torahchya gundalyanna vachavanyachi parvanagi dilee-parantu tyapurvi nahee qee tyane rachana mothya pramanat nasht kelee. somwar 15 meparyant adyap tapas suru asala taree, aag lagnyapurvi teen tarun tyaa bhagatoon palatana disana palat thevanyachya vhidiomule aag "sanshayaspad" asalyache sanganyat aale. aagit sabhasthanatil chhat aanee bhinti kosalalya, jyamule dhigaaon kosalalya. 17 meey roji, aagichya teen divasanni, eka 14 varshiy mulala atak karnyat aalee aanee tyachyavar aag lavalyacha aarop thevanyat aala; mulachya done sathidaranchi chaukashi karnyat aalee aanee tyanna sodanyat aale, jaree teey sakshidar manale jaat asale taree. imaratimadhye surakshitpane pravesh karnyasathi aadhar basavanyachi garaj asalyane aag kashee lagali yacha agnishaman vibhagacha tapas thambavala jaat hota. junachya madhyaparyant, shaharacha kayadeshir vibhag adyap tapas karat hota aanee atak karnyat aalelya mulavar sarkari vakilanni aarop kelele navhate.
aaginantar sabhasthanane imaratichi sambhavya padav karnyasathi pavale uchalali. shaharachya imaratinchya vibhagane tharavale hote qee imaratiche avashesh asthir aahet, parantu aapatkalin vidhvansas manyata denar nahee, mhanoon mandalachya sadasyane newyork ciity landmark preservation commissionkade (ell. pii. see.) samanya vidhvans parvanyasathi arj dakhal keela, jyamadhye kitee rachana padanyachi yojana aakhali gelee hotee heey nirdisht kele gele nahee; teey "sanrachanatmak nishkarshanchya" nirdharanavar avalambun asel. sabhasthanane manhatton samuday mandal 3 laa dekhil sahitya puravale, jyat tyanchya arjache sallagar mandaladvare sunavani vhavi ashee vinanti kelee gelee. aagipurvi, rabbi mendell greenbaum yanni chiinii-american niyojan parishad aanee gotham sanstha yasarkhya gatanshi shejarchya parcelchya sambhavya vikasachya sandarbhat imaratiche havai haqq vikanyabaddal charcha kelee hotee, jenekarun sabhasthanchya sambhavya nutanikaran aanee jatanasathi paise mojanyat madat hoil. ell. pii. see. neey 11 julai roji imaratiche asurakshit bhag kadhoon taknyachya parvanyasah pratisad deela, parantu sambhavya sanrakshanasathi itar bhaganche moolyankan karane aavashyak hote. ell. pii. see. chey abhiyante padnyavar laksh thevayache.
aaginantar, chiinii-american niyojan parishad aanee gotham sanghatnene moolatah sabhasthan imaratiche avashesh tyanchya 30 majali nivasi vikasat samavisht karanyachi yojana aakhali. tathapi, juuna 2019 madhye, ell. pii. see. chya abhiyantyanni jaheer kele qee dakshin manonyache avashesh tyachya sanrachanatmak asthiratemule nasht karave lagtil.
sandarbh.
nondi
granthasuchi