
frieda perlain

frieda perlain (janm frieda couffmanh 4 april 1870-22 december 1933) hii german mahila haqq pracharak, patrakar aanee yuddhavirodhi karyakartya hotee. visavya shatkachya pahilya bhagat tine nagri hakkanchya sandarbhat laingik samanatesathi ladha deela. pahilya mahayuddhanantar tyaa yaa sansthechya saha-sansthapak hotya. 
"international fruenliga phara frieden und freehite" (aay. eff. eff.), joou mahila aantarrashtriy leag phaur peace andd friedamcha (doubleu. aay. ell. pii. eff.) german vibhag banala.
jeevan.
frieda coffmancha janm wrttembergmadhil loodwigsburg yaa madhyam aakarachya shaharat jhaala. tichya vadilanchya nondavalelya baaraa mulanpaiki tee akravi hotee. (tee tyachya dusya lagnachi mulgi hotee.) tichya janmanantarchya varshi kutumb jawalchya stutgartmadhye sthalantarit jhaale jethe carl coffman, tiche vadil aanee ticha motha bhau jacob yanni ektritpane kapus vinanyacha audhyogik vyavasay suru keela. frieda keval 13 varshanchi asatana tichya vadilanche nidhan jhaale. tarihi tee tichya haut-burjuva kautumbik parshvabhoomishi susangat asalelya aaramdayak paristhitit mothee jhaali aanee teela lagn aanee matrutvachi tayari karnyasathi tayar kelelya shaley aanee samanya shikshanacha teela fayda jhaala. tine shevatchi done varshe kadhihi ekhadya varishtha shalet ghetali naheet, jee tee mulgi asate tarr teela vidyapithachya praveshasathi tayar kelee asatee.
tee 19 varshanchi asatana, frieda coffmanne eslingan emm nekar yetheel eka tarun vyapari yujen perlenshee lagn kele. too tyachya vadhupeksha daha varshanni motha hota aanee aadhich stutgartmadhil kapad dukanatil bhagidar hota, jeey abraham perlain (1824-1892) tyachya vadilanni 1871 madhye sthapan kele hote. yaa jodpyache mulge carl hans aanee alfried 1891 aanee 1894 madhye janmale. doghehi pahilya mahayuddhat ladhale. march 1918 madhye uttar francemadhye alfried marla jaeel. motha mulga, hahns, yuddhatoon jiwant parat yeil parantu gambhir jakhami hoil aanee 'lokhandi cross 2 jee shreni' yasah padake gheuun parat yeil.
yujen aanee frieda perlain heey jyoo hote. hitler sarkarne satta haatee ghetali toparyant, janewari 1933 madhye, manavtavadi aanee shantatavadi karyakarte aanee aayojak mhanoon frieda parlenchi pramukh bhoomika nondavanyachi baab hotee. vansh aanee tichya rajkiy bandhilaki yaa donhi karananmule, tee facist chhalasathi eka spasht lakshya bunley. tee jinewala paloon gelee aanee tethoon april 1933 madhye jurikhala gelee, jithe tiche anek sahkari lashkari-virodhi aadhich rajkiy nirvasit mhanoon aale hote. jurichmadhye tee iffchya swis vibhagache pramukh clara ragaj yanchyasobat kahee kaal rahili. unhala sampatana tee germanyla paratali, toparyant tee atyant aajari hotee. 22 december 1933 roji dow. frudenstadchya aarogya kendrat tyanche nidhan jhaale. carl bear. tichya mrutyuche kaaran kaloo shakalele nahee asey kahee srot sangatat, parantu paradeshat asalelya tichya anek mitranna tine swatacha jeev ghetala asalyacha sanshay hota. itar lock fakt tine aatmahatya kelee heey satya mhanoon nondavtat.
rajkiy sahbhag.
mahilanchya nagri hakkansathi aanee matdanachya hakkansathichya madhyamvargiy chalvalit eka kattarpanthi.
frieda perlain 1904 pasoon madhyamvargiy mahila chalvalit sakriyapane guntaleli hotee. chalvalit teela davya vicharsaranichi kinwa "kattarpanthi" sahbhagi mhanoon manale jaat asey. madhyamvargiy sadasya mulinchya madhyamik shaala sthapan karnyababat chintit hote, tarr perlain aadhich mahilansathi vidyapith pravesh aanee aarthik drushtine swatachi kalji ghenyas saksham honyasathi vyavasayat pravesh karnyachya moolbhut shakyatela protsahan dett hote. tine purushansobat sahanirnay karnyacha adhikar aanee nagri kayadyantargat samanatechya adhikarachi magani kelee. tyasathi matdanacha adhikar hii purv aut hotee. dutior verband phara fruenstimract" ("... association phaur womens woating rites), perlain yannihi tyasathi moheem rabavali.
mahilanchya hakkansathichya kattarpanthi pracharkanchya maganya keval aataparyantchya visheshadhikarprapt purushankadunach navhe tarr mahilanchya swatachya sansthekadunhi samore aalya, 'bund dutior fruenverine' (bii. dii. eff./'association auph womens organization') hii serve mahila sanghatanansathi eka chhatra sanstha aahe, jee ektrit hitsambandhanche pratinidhitva karnyasathi 1894 madhye sthapan karnyat aalee hotee. parantu bii. dii. eff. neey samajik sambandhanchi punarrachana karane samavisht asalelya moolbhut magnyanpasun patkan swatahla door kele. tathakathit madhyam bahumatane varchasva gajavalelya bii. dii. eff. chya netrutvane, jaree kattarpanthi ghatakanni aantarrashtriy shantata aanee mahilanchya matadhikarasathi kaam karnyasathi drudh vachanbaddhatechi magani kelee asali, taree, ajunahi kholvar rudhivadi asalelya german rajyachya kattarpanthi pravruttinna pathimba denyacha cull disun aala. tyamule anek adhik kattarpanthi mahila sanghatananni bii. dii. eff. chya aavakyabaher, shantata chalvalichi batami denyasathi aanee yuddh aanee lashkariteviruddha lekh prakashit karnyasathi niyatkalike aanee vruttapatre sthapan karoon tyanchi uddishte sadhya kelee. anek mahila haqq karyakartyansathi, european shastrastra sharyat jasjashi tivra hott gelee, tasatase lashkarikaran aanee apekshit aantarrashtriy yuddhavirodhatil sangharsh haah mahilanchya hakkansathichya ladhyat eka avibhajya ghatak hota. tee sthitee frieda parlenane ghetali.
german shantata sanstha aanee tichya mahila sanghatanechi sthapana.
1913 madhye, sarkare yuddhachi tayari karat asatana, frieda perlain 'duesh freedengeselschaft' (dii. eff. jee./german peace society) madhye sameel jhaali. societyche rashtriy mukhyalay 1899 pasoon tichya stutgart yetheel gharajaval hote. tyat sameel jhalyanantar kahee mahinyannich tine dii. eff. jee. chya 'fruenbund' ('shithilpane,' mahila sanghatana ') chee saha-sthapana kelee. 1914 chya suruvatila tyanni tee shodhanyacha aapala hetu jaheer keela, shantata sansthechya sadasyansathi tayar kelelya 'volkar-fryden' yaa niyatkalikat lihile. meey 1914 madhye niyojit asalelya satvya german vegwan kongresasathi hii suruvat karnyat aalee hotee. peace societychya karyakari mandalachya sadasyanshi sallamasalat kelyanantar, jyapaiki mathilde plank dekhil sadasya hote, satvya shantata congressmadhye, eka divasiy "shantatavadi mahilechi parishad" aayojit karnyasathi tine stutgartchya aanakhi eka shantatavadi karyakartyabarobar hatmilavani kelee. 1905 madhye nobel shantata puraskar jinkanari pahili mahila aanee keval dusari mahila nobel vijeti asalelya bertha wonn suttners tyanchya sanghatanesathi anek uchch-profile samarthakancha pathimba midvanyat teey yashasvi jhaale.
akheris, pudhil tathakathit 'mahan yuddh' suru honyachya done mahinyanpeksha thode adhik aadhi, 24 meey 1914 roji 'shantata society' chya 'mahila sanghatane' chya udghatanachi tarikh nishchit karnyat aalee. sansthapak kayadyanmadhye asey spasht kele gele hote qee sanghatanechya sadasyannahi aapoaap 'shantata samaj' sadasya mhanoon samavisht kele gele hote. kiman suruvatila, 'mahila sanghatanechya' karyakari mandalane (jawaljawal purnapane purush) 'shantata society' chya sadasyansobat khoop jawalun kaam kele. mahila sanghatane' chee sakriy sadasya mhanoon, frieda perlain 'peace society' karyakari sadasya mhanoonahi basali. shantata rakhanyachya tivra prayatnat kaljipurvak lakshya kelelya jansampark mohimela farse yash midale nahee. mahilanna matdanacha adhikar navhtah rashtriy rajkaranashi sambandhit babincha vichar keela tarr purushankadun aaghadi ghetalyane anekjan ajunahi samadhani hote. visheshtah germany, ingland aanee francechya pashchatya lashkari "mahan shaktinmadhye" yuddh taap mothya pramanat asalyane, shantatavadyanchya prayatnankade mothya pramanat rashtriy upman mhanoon pahile gele. bahutek striya tyanchya purushanchya pathishi ubhe rahane aanee yuddh pukarane heey tyanche kartavya mhanoon pahat asat.
yaa nirashajanak paristhitila tond detana, nairashyat, 30 julai 1914 roji 'peace society' chya 'mahila sanghatane' neey samratala thet eka vaiyaktik taar pathavun, lakho german matanchya vatine, shantata rakhanyache aavahan kele. too keval 3 august roji samratachya mejavar pohochala. bertha wonn sutner aajari padala hota aanee mageel mahinyat tyache nidhan jhaleh taravar frieda perlain aanee mathielde plank yaa navanchi swakshari karnyat aalee hotee. asey manale jaate qee teey pathvanyachi aaveg parlenmadhun aala hota. tyanni hii kalpana londonmadhil 'vote phaur women' chalvalichya pudhakaratun ghetali hotee, jyanni british pararashtra mantri aanee londonmadhil serve mahattvachya rajdutanna patra lihoon tyanna hii paristhiti talhanyasathi shakya teey serve prayatna karnyache aavahan kele hote... samantar nasaleli aapatti.
pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan shantatavadi sakriyata aanee 'german shantata samaj' chaa bhang.
shantatavadi lokanchya aavahanakade durlaksh karnyat aale. yuddhacha utsah thambavata yet navhata. pann shantatavadi kadhihi haar manalya naheet aanee shikshan aanee prakashananchya madhyamatoon tyancha sandesh pasaravanyacha prayatna karat rahile. september 1914 madhye, 'volkar-fryden' madhye 'inn ernster zeat' ('shithilpane,' gambhir kaal ') yaa shirshakacha eka samavesh hota jyamadhye lekhak, frieda perlain yanni rajkiyadrushtya purogami mahilansathi aavahan nutanikaran kele aanee punha pathimba magitala. europechya matanna yuddh pukarnanya lokanchya dveshala sharan naan jaanyache, tarr yuddh sampavanyasathi aanee mahilanchya matdanachya hakkansathi ubhe rahanyache aavahan karnyat aale hote.
1914 teey 1918 yaa kalat yuddhala asalela rajkiy virodh uttarottar vadhat gela, parantu tatkal kalat 'volkar-fryden' madheel parlenchya bhavpurn aavahanacha dekhil konatahi drishyaman parinam jhaala nahee. bii. dii. eff. neey "aamchya kshetratil mulanna" pathimba denyacha aanee tyanchya vividh vaiyaktik mahila sanghatananchya madhyamatoon ("shithilpane", rashtriy mahila yuddh kalyan aanee samarthan) sthapan karnyacha sankalp keela. yuddhavirodhi kattarpanthi sadasya sanghatananchya chhotya gatala lagechach swatahla purnapane ektepana jaanavala. sarkarne yuddhavirodhi baithkanvar bandee ghatalih shantatavadi vidhane haah faujdari gunha banala. agadi 'german peace society' neey (dii. eff. jee.), sampoorn prakaranala 'sanrakshanatmak yuddh' ('wortidigungskreg') mhanoon olakhoon 'manavtavadi madat' pradan karnyache kaam haatee ghetale. tathapi, dii. eff. jee. madhye, rashtriy karyakarinivar frieda pearlains "mahila sanghatnene" yuddh prayatnansathi "madat" denyas nakar deela aanee ladhai twarit sampavanyachya tyanchya maganivar thaam rahile.
aktoobar 1914 madhye parlenane kulpatinna yachika dakhal karoon yuddhacha ant karanyachi aanee yuddhacha marg konatahi asso, tyache netrutva karananya sarkaranmadhye samanjasya sadhanyachi magani kelee. dii. eff. jee. chya karyakari mandalane tyanchya "mahila sanghatane" chya yaa upkramala pathimba deela nahee. darmyan, kathit 'sanrakshanatmak yuddh' chya sandarbhat 'manavtavadi madat' denyachya palak samajachya ichhevar 'mahila sanghatane' neey tivra teeka karane suru thewale. 1915 chya suruvatichya kalat doghanmadhil matbhed jhaale, kaaran 'mahila sanghatane' neey aantarrashtriy mahila shantata parishadesathi tayari kelee hotee, jee hegg yethe aayojit kelee jaanar hotee. dii. eff. jee. chya (purush) netrutvane asha parishadechi kalpana nakarli aanee sadasyanna sahbhagi honyavar bandee ghatali. matra, frieda parlenane manatoon rokhanyas nakar deela. februwari 1915 chya suruvatilach tyaa anita augusperg aanee lida gustava heyman yanchyasobat kaam karat hotya-donhi aaghadichya german mahila haqq pracharak aanee shantata karyakarte, parantu tyanchyapaiki konihi kadhihi dii. eff. jee. chey sadasya navhate-german tukadichya sahbhagachya tayarivar parishad. april 1915 madhye hegg yethe aantarrashtriy mahila shantata parishad yogya prakare jhaali. shevati frieda perlain upasthit rahoo shakali nahee, kaaran german adhikaanyaanee teela aavashyak pravas kagadpatre denyas nakar deela. ekane yache spashtikaran suchavale, jeey tyanni purvatayari baithakit aadhich tayar kelelya tharavasandarbhat hote, jyache shirshak 'yuddhaviramachi magani' hote, jeey tyanni hegg parishadet matdanasathi aananyacha hetu hota.
tee upasthit rahoo shakali nasatanahi, aantarrashtriy mahila shantata parishad yuddhanantarchya rajkaranavar prabhav taknyachya drushtine aanee shantata karyakartya mhanoon frieda parlenchya swatachya tyanantarchya karkirdivar tyacha kitee parinam jhaala yaa donhi babatit khoop mahattvachi hotee. 12 deshantil 1000 hoon adhik mahila upasthit hotya. sarvat mothe pratinidhimandal 'gret britton aanee ireland' aanee germanyche hote. tasech yuddhachya 'vedepana' chaa nishedh karnyabarobarach aanee ladhai sampavanyache aavahan karnyabarobarach, pratinidhinni purushanshi rajkiy samanatecha ajendyavar samavesh karava assa aagrahi dharala. shantata karar purn karnyasathi aanee bhavishyatil yuddhe talhanyasathi prastavancha eka atyant vyavsayik sanch tayar karnyat aala hota. sadasyanni tyanchya rashtriy sanghatananmadhye tyanche yuddhavirodhi karya suru thevanyacha aanee yuddh sampalyanantar aanakhi eka mahila shantata parishad bolavanyacha sankalp karoon parishadechi sangata jhaali. tyanantar shishtmandalanna yuddharat rajyanchya sarkaranna aanee gair-yuddharat rajyanna parishadeche nishkarsh aanee shifarashi mandanara eka kagad denyache aadesh denyat aale. ekahi sarkarne shantatavadi prastav sweekarle naheet. tathapi, teen varshannantar europechya lokanmadhil bhavishyatil konatyahi sangharshanchya shantatapurn nirakaranasathi swatachya aantarrashtriy lavadachya nyayalayasah kayamswarupi aantarrashtriy sanghatanechi parishadechi shifaras punha samore aalih janewari 1918 madhye rashtradhyaksh willson yanni yuddhanantarchya apekshit shantata parishadecha vichar karoon tharavalelya chauda muddyanpaiki haah eka muddah hota.
shashvat shantatesathi aantarrashtriy mahila samitee.
hegg shantata parishadela upasthit rahnyas manai karnyat aalee asali taree, stutgartmadhye frieda perlain parishadeche tharav purn karnyat tichi bhoomika bajavanyasathi khoop upalabdh hotee. tine sainyavirodhi purushancha pathimba midvanyacha prayatna suruch thewala. 15 meey 1915 roji tee jinevhamadhye pohochali jithe tine (swechhene) nirvasit french lekhak roman rolandcha shodh ghetala joou yuddhacha uchch-profile virodhak mhanoon udayas aala hota. atyant tikatmak, aaplya likhanat, french aanee german sarkaranpramanech, rolandne rajkarnyanna teey jinku shaktil yasathi jugar naan khelanyache aavahan kele. matra, rolandsobat parlenchi bhet yashasvi jhaali nahee. tyaa sandhyakali aaplya dindarshiketil nondit lekhakane 'germanytil vadali shantatavadi stree' yaa vishayavar swatahla mokale kele, jiche tyane vishesh kautuk naan karata, 'gulabachya aanee saumya swarupachi eka bhavya mahila' mhanoon ullekh karoon, lakshavedhipane smaran kele. aaplya binchuk pahunyanchya dabavakhali swatahla sapadlyanantar, roland switzerlandmadhil shantata chalvalichya pramukhpadi swatahla thevayala havey yaa tichya prastavala sahmat houu shakala nahee.
yaa dhakkyanantar, parlenane mahilanmadhye aanakhi mitranchi bharati karnyavar laksh kendrit kele. 1915chya hegg shantata parishadet pramukhpane sahbhagi jhalelya german shantatavadi karyakartya anita augusperg, lida gustava heyman aanee ellis wonn slumberger yanchyasobat tyanni germanychya mahilanna eka naveen aavahan kele. dair veg zoom dyrnden frieden' ('shashvat shantatecha marg') yaa patrakat parlenane swatah eka lekh lihila, jyamadhye tine eka kalpanik sanvad vaparoon yuddhala virodh karnyasathi mahilanni kaay kele pahije yache spashtikaran sadar kele. teela swatah khatri hotee qee tee 'matanchya sainyasah' lakho mahilanchi 'jagbharat ekatra yene tayar karoo shakate, jeey rastyavar utartil aanee sainikanchya purush sainyacha pratikar kartil. maata aanee striyanchi prachand sankhya tyanchyaviruddha hinsachar karane ashakya karel aanee purushanna adhik changlya margane patvoon deil, assa ticha vishvas hota.
1914 aanee 1915 madhye yuddh suru jhaale, tyanantar german lashkari vijayanchya netradipak kramane, parlenchya mohimene german mahilanmadhye farsa rus ghetala nahee aanee qamee pathimba midavala, jeey aadhich lashkari-virodhi mhanoon vachanbaddha asalyache mojale jaau shakat asalelya chhotya pramanapeksha jaast hote. mahila shantatavadyanna, yavyatirikt, rashtravadi staratoon mothya pramanat samajik dabavakhali thevanyat aaleh yuddhavirodhi karyakarte, tyancha jeev sahajpane dhokyat aanoo shakat hote. rashtravadakade cull asalelya mahilanna yaa 'deshdrohi' yanna pitrubhoomila kalavanyachya 'aldusherch verband' (panne-german leag) chya aavahananna samore jaave lagale, jenekarun tyanchyavar tyanchya 'fuffering' yaa shantatavadi prayatnansathi aarop kele jaau shaktil aanee tyanna shiksha houu shakel. prabhavi sarkari sensorshipne germanymadhye yuddhavirodhi sahityachi chhapai rokhali, tarr aayat keleli samagri japtisathi jababdar hotee. shantatavadi mahilanchya baithka guptapane ghetalya gelya aanee tyaa 'coffey morning' mhanoon olakhalya gelya. gupt bhasha vikasit karane aanee tee lagoo karane aavashyak jhaale. serve khabardari ghet asatanahi, frieda perlenla tiche mail kahee kalasathi avarodhit aadhalale. tichya sadnikacha shodh ghenyat aala aanee teela varanvar chaukashi satranna upasthit rahane aavashyak hote. jaree tine sarvajanikaritya aapali matey mandane aanee kulpatinkade sadar karnyasathi swakshya gola karane suru thewale asale taree teela turungatoon sodanyat aale. konatyahi prakare, serve adthalyancha samna kartana, mahilansathichya matey aanee shantatechya samarthanatil aaplya vachanbaddhateshi tyaa khyan rahilya.
mahilanna midavaleli mateh parlensathi, paksh sanrachanebaheril rajkaran.
november kranti" nantar, rajeshahiche vastavik nirmulan aanee 21 varshanpeksha jaast vayachya mahilansathi prajasattak matanmadhye germanyche jalad rupantar heey sankramankalin sarkarchya kalat achanak eka vastav banale. janewari 1919 madhye keval rashtriy sabhechya sadasyannach navhe tarr tyaa nivadanukit ubhe rahanyacha adhikar asalelyanmadhye mahilancha samavesh hotah 36 mahilanni teey yashasviritya kele. frieda parlenane matra german sansadet pravesh karnyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee. tasech tyanni konatyahi rajkiy pakshat pravesh keela nahee. vidyaman (purush) rajkiy pakshanmadhye mahilanchya atinvar rajkaran karnyas vav nahee, asey mutt tyanni mandale. 1920 madhye, tine swatahla 'gair-pakshiy samajvadi' mhanoon pahanyachi kabuli dilee. bhandavalshahimule shantata dhokyat yete asey tyanche mutt hote. parris shantata parishadet (1919-1920) tyanchya sarvat white bhitichi pushti jhaleli tyanni pahili aahe asey tyanna vatale, asey tichya strivadi karyakartyanchya pidhimadhye heey vyapakpane samayik mutt hote.
1920 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant parlenane tharavale hote qee tichya bhavishyatil sarvajanik karyat shikshanachya madhyamatoon shantata rakhanyasathi aanee manvi tarkbuddhila aavahan karnyasathi itar shantatavadi mahilansobat kaam karane samavisht asel.
jyurikh yetheel aantarrashtriy mahila shantata parishadah germanytil iffche saha-sansthapak.
meey 1919 madhye jyurikh yetheel aantarrashtriy mahila shantata parishadet bhag ghenanya 28 german mahilanpaiki frieda perlain eka hotya. 1915 madhye hegg yethe jhalelya parishadet yuddhanantarchya shantata parishadeche niyojan karnyat aale hote. mahilanchya magnyansathi eka vyaspeeth upalabdh karoon denyasathi, yuddh sampalyanantar sarkaranni bolavalelya shantata parishadeshi samantar tee aayojit kelee jaavi, ashee kalpana hotee. yacha arth parismadhil karyakram shodhane, shantata parishadechya charchechya shakya titkya jawal asane assa jhaala asata. tathapi, yuddhanantar german mahilanna francemadhye pravesh karanyachi parvanagi dilee jaeel qee nahee yabaddal anishchitata hotee, tyamule mahila shantata parishadeche thikan jyoorikhmadhye badalanyat aale.
jyurikh shantata parishadechya pratinidhincha assa vishvas navhata qee parris shantata parishadet purushanni manya kelelya shantatechya atty nyayya aanee shashvat shantatesathi yogya aadhar puravat naheet. konatyahi prakarchya vataghatidvare shantata prasthapit karnyaivaji lashkaridrushtya vijayi shaktinni tayar kelela haah eka dastaivaj hota. 1914 madhye yuddh suru jhalyapasun mahila shantatavadi vataghatidvare shantatesathi prayatna karat hotya. dusarikade, jyaa deshala aata yuddhasathi mothya pramanavar doshi dharale jaat hote tyaa deshache pratinidhi mhanoon, frieda pearlains german mahila shantatavadi, sarvajanikaritya asman kararachya atinvar teeka karane rachnatmak tharel asey manat navhate.
dusarikade, german pratinidhi rashtranchya sangh aanee tyachya vaidhanik aadharanvar sakhol vadavivadat guntale hote. frieda parlenane purushanni tayar keleli aavrutti nakarli, jee parishadechya shantatavadi aadarshanshi julavun ghenyat ayashasvi tharali. jyurikh parishadene varanvar parris parishadet majkoor sudharana pathavalya. parantu europesathi adhik tikau shantata nirman karnare vividh prastav versoy kararat samavisht kele gele naheet.
jyaveli juricia pudhe sarkat gele, tase heey spasht jhaale qee, 1915 saalee shashvat shantatesathichya aantarrashtriy mahila samiteene swatahla mage sarlele kaam, pahile mahayuddha sampale taree, apoorn rahile. mahila shantata karyakartyanchya prabhavi pudhil sahyogatmak karyasathi, naveen atinmule tyanchya swatachya sanghatanechi punarrachana adhik dirghakalin karane aavashyak jhaale. tyamule tyanni eka naveen manya ghatanatmak rachana sthapan kelee aanee swatahla 'international fruenliga phara frieden und freehite' ('aantarrashtriy mahila leag phaur peace andd friedam'/aay. eff. eff.) mhanoon punha suru kele. jinevhamadhye, alikadech naveen "leag auph nations" sathee gharcha aadhar mhanoon nivadle gele, tyanni tyanche swatache aantarrashtriy karyalay sthapan kele. pramukh mhanoon tyanni (mahila) adhyakshasah nauu sadasyanchi aantarrashtriy samitee tayar kelee. pratinidhinchya vividh deshanmadhye samaan sanrachit rashtriy sanghatana sthapan kelya jaanar hotya.
iffcha german vibhag tayar karnyat perlain swatah madhyavartipane sahbhagi hota. germanybhar pasarlelya tyachya netrutva aayogachya paach sadasyanpaiki tee eka jhaali. tine swatah stutgartpasoon shantatesathi aantarrashtriy karya suru thewale.
aay. eff. eff.: press adhikadhyashi samayik keleli uddishte.
peralenala aay. eff. eff. chya uddishtanshi olakhane sope vatale. tyanni press officecha karyabhar swikarla aanee yavyatirikt, 1923 nantar, "vaidnyanik paddhatinni yuddh pukarnyachya virodhat ladha" sathichya aayogacha karyabhar swikarla, jyache shirshak 1928 madhye 'yaa' jodanisah kharch karnyat aale hote... aanee nishastrikaranasathi ". pahilya mahayuddhatil khandakanmadhye vaparlya jaananya vishari vayuchya bhayanak aanee andadhund parinamanvishayi vadhatya jagrutimule, itar deshantil bhagidar sanghatananparyant vistarlelya 'vaidnyanik paddhatin' varr laksh kendrit karnyat aale hote. sanrachit yuddhavirodhi sanghatanecha eka bhag mhanoon parlenane lokanmadhil shantata aanee aantarrashtriy samajutisathi tichya swatachya athak bandhilakisathi eka surakshit prarambhik sthan olakhale. yaa sandarbhat, tee aantarrashtriy shaley aadanpradan bhetee aanee sanrachit 'paine paal' samparkanchi suruvatichi samarthak dekhil hotee. varsay yetheel clemensochya vataghatikartyanni kadhalelya dandatmak yuddh bharpaichya french amalbajavanimule jhalelya vyapak asantoshala virodh kartana, frieda perlain haah yuddhanantar franceshee salokha sadhananya aanee tyala protsahan denanya pahilya german lokanpaiki eka hota. 1920 chya suruvatilach, tyanni french aay. eff. eff. pratinidhinna aay. eff. eff. chya stutgart parisarat sarvajanikaritya upasthit rahanyachi vyavastha kelee aanee tyanna tyanchi matrubhasha vaparoon sanyukt sabhanna sambodhit karanyachi parvanagi dekhil dilee. 1926 madhye, tine shahare aanee gavanna aarthik madat karnyasathi aanee german aakraman aanee tyanantarchya ladhaimule uttar francemadhye nasht jhalelya lokanche manoranjan karnyasathi aay. eff. eff. nidhi ubharani mohimet bhag ghetala. german iff shakheche eka pratinidhi mhanoon, 11 februwari 1926 roji, tee arasala gelee, jithe tee french iffchya camill drevetla bhetali aanee vruksharopanasathi 13,000 french phrank sopavale.
aay. eff. eff. parishadanmadhye vistratpane sangitalelya 'shantata shikshan' yaa anek sankalpanansathi vyapak prekshak nirman karnyasathi tine prasarmadhyamanmadhil tichya praveshacha vapar keela. tarihi yuddhanantar lagechach, mukhya pravahatil madhyamvargiy prasarmadhyame yuddh-sambandhit khelanyanvar bandee ghalane, fashichi shiksha radd karane kinwa sharirik shikshevar bandee ghalane yasarkhya kalpananche samarthan karananya purogami granthanna virodh karat hotee. chaar varshanchya dukkh aanee vedanannantarhi, junya parichit chhotya chhotya goshtincha punarvichar karanyachi bhook qamee hotee. agadi lavkar frieda perlain aanee tichya sahkari karyakartyanvar hinsak halle jhaale. yache eka udaharan 1920chya akheris stutgartchya khrismas bajarat ghadale. parlenane swatah hii ghatana 'dye fru iim statt' yaa aay. eff. eff. nirmit niyatkalikatil eka lekhat nondavali. tee eka 'shantatavadi pustak stand' chalvat hotee, jeey ratri todanyat aale aanee divasachya velee aabhasi vedhyat thevanyat aaleh 'mhanoon aldutior verbandchya yuva shakhene aamhala tyanchya mansik prakriyambaddal' visheshtah uchch kautuk 'denyacha cutt rachala hota! teey swastikanni sushobhit kelelya lahan tukadyanmadhye, mukhytah vidyarthyanchya tukadyanmadhye aale. aamhala kaay aikayache hote! 'tumhi deshala kachyatoon khechanyache kaam karatah tumchi yethe ubhi rahane hii eka badnami aahe'...". yanantar, udayonmukhanni yaa 'vikrut' german mahilanviruddha dvesh nirman karnyasathi sarvatopari prayatna kele. shantatavadi karyakartyanchi olakh yahudi mhanoon karnyat aalee hotee (barobar, parlenchya babatit) aanee tyanchya "aantarrashtriyavadamule", keval tyanchya swatachya deshat bahishkrut honyas yogya hote.
parlenane gup rahnyas nakar deela. 1920 chya dashakat tichi shantatavadi sakriyata jyaa prakare vikasit jhaali tyacha eka lakshavedhi pailu mhanje tine tichya aantarrashtriy samparkanmadhye kitee pramanat vaadh kelee. 1922 madhye, 'ain neuer friede' ('eka naveen shantata') yaa bannerkhali aayojit iff jaagtik parishadet sahbhagi honyasathi tee hegmadhye paratali. november 1923 madhye tine switzerlandla bhet denyasathi vhisasathi arj keela. tichya visa arjanusar heey aay. eff. eff. chya aantarrashtriy mukhya karyalayat jinevhamadhye kaam karnyasathi hote. aay. eff. eff. karyalayat aapala vyavasay sampavalyanantar kahee kaal tine switzerlandmadhye aathvan karoon dilee. sadasyanchya prashikshan aanee shikshanasathi aayojit kelelya iffchya niyamit unhali shalanpaiki eka asalelya shant vatavaranache tine kitee kautuk kele hote heey tine nantar aathavale.
rasayanik shastranvaril bandisathi kaam qaraa.
1924 saalee 'thunarsi' (lake thunn) chya kinanyavaril eka iff summer skoolmadhye frieda parlenchi bhet swis shantatavadi aanee jaivarsayanshastradnya, gertred vokar yanchyashi jhaali. vokar alikadech americetil american chemical societychya eka congressmadhun paratali hotee, jithe teela rasayanik shastranchya yuddhatil samkalin ghadamodinchi antardrushti midali hotee. vidnyanache heey gairvartan mhanoon tine jeey pahile tyamule stabdh jhalelya vokarla samoohik vidhvansak rasayanik shastranchya bhayanak parinamache varnan karane kartavya asalyache vatale. uttar america aanee europemadhil lashkari aasthapananni rasayanik shastrastrancha naash aanee apangatva aananyachya samarthyala atyant qamee lekhale hote, asey tyanche mutt hote. chemical society congressmadhye midalelya dnyanachya aadhare tine eka ahwal sankalit keela aanee tyacha vapar karoon, tichya chinta samayik karnyasathi aanee jaheer karnyasathi vividh vyavharik pavale uchalali. tyateel eka paul mhanje tichya ahavalachi prat frieda perlenla pradan karane, tyateel majkoor prakashit karanyachi spasht parvanagi dene.
vokarchya ahavalane parlenchya patrikecha aadhar tayar keela, 'dair campuff dair fruen gegen dye hollie wonn gift und fuer' (vish aanee agnichya narkanviruddha mahilanchi ladhai), 1927 madhye stutgartmadhye iff wrttemberg vibhagachya vatine prakashit. rasayanik shastranchya vaparamule nagri loksankhyela nirman jhalela dhoka tyanni visheshtah adhorekhit keela. yaa shastranviruddha aanee europbhar adhik yuddhasathi vikasit hott asalelya dabavanviruddha adhik samanyikrut sangharshala chalana midavi yaa aashene, samoohik vinashachya yaa shastrancha vinashkari parinam tine aviratpane sadar keela.
1920 chya uttaradhat aarthik sankatamule nirman jhalele tivra rajkiy dhruvikaran stermabtelungavar pasaru lagale.] raste. frieda perlain aanee tichya pidhitil itar shantatavadi adhikadhik upekshit hote aanee kahee pramanat khajgi jeevanat mage hutley hote. naveen prajasattakat matdanacha adhikar halakya arthane ghenyas saksham asalelya anek tarun mahilanni, pahilya mahayuddhachya bhayanakatetun vikasit jhalelya shantatavadi aadarshavadapasun swatahla door thewale, aanee parlenchya strivadi karyakartyanchya pidhila purush-dvesh karnare dharmandh mhanoon pahile. taridekhil, kattar iff shantatavadyanni tyanchya aantarrashtriy parishadanche aayojan karane aanee bhavishyatil yuddh aanee naveen shastranchya dhokyambaddal gambhir ishara dene suru thewale.
janewari 1929 chya suruvatila 'aadhunik yuddh paddhati aanee nagri loksankhyeche sanrakshn' yaa vishayavaril parishad jhaali. anek khyatnam vyakti pramukhpane sahbhagi jhalya aanee tyaa velee yaa parishadechi mothya pramanat nond jhaali. parishadechya 'manad samitichya' sadasyanmadhye lekhak roman roland aanee uchch-profile bhautikshastradnya albert einstein yancha samavesh hota. frieda perlain, aay. eff. eff. press aayukt mhanoon, jyanni einsteinne swatahla sahbhagi karoon ghenyasathi lobbing kele hote, tyanpaiki eka hotya. kamgar sanghatanecha sahbhag midvanyatahi teela kahee pramanat yash midale hote. yaa parishadetil vaktyanpaiki eka swees shantatavadi aanee jaivarsayanshastradnya, gertred vokar hote. yaa parishadene rasayanik shastranche utpadan thambavanyachi magani kelee aanee rashtranchya sanghatnene tayar kelelya aantarrashtriy nihshastrikaran parishadechya ajendyat haah vishay yogyaritya samavisht karnyat aala.
leag auph nations nihshastrikaran parishad akheris march 1932 madhye jineva yethe jhaali. frieda parlenchya preranene, 60 lakhanhun adhik swakshyanchi jagbharatil nihshastrikaran yachika bunley tee sanghatit karoon aay. eff. eff. neey tyasathi tayari kelee. 1930 madhye robbert bosch aanee tyanantar patranchya pradirgh aanee atishay vaiyaktik devanghevaninantar. albert einstein yanna yachikevar german bajoone swakshari karnare pahile done sadasya honyasathi patvoon denyat aale. 10 august 1931 roji eff. aar. dii. aii. perlain yanni jaagtik nihshastrikaran parishadela pathimba denyache aavahan karnyasathi daad world auph daad worldchya prushthancha vapar keela. tyanantar, parishadechya pudhe vaadh karnyat tine bhag ghetala yacha konatahi purava nahee. janewari 1932 madhye rashtriy samajvadi madhyamanni parishadechya aayojkanviruddha eka gandee moheem suru kelee, jyachi parinati janewari 1933 madhye munich hofbrockeller yethe eka mothya ghatanet jhaali, jevha nazi nimalashkari dalanni adthala aanala aanee hinskaritya todale, jeey antim mothe iff shantata rally tharale, jyat 800 teey 1,000 darmyan yuddhavirodhi karyakarte upasthit hote.
hitler sarkarne shantata aanee swatantryasathi mahilanchya aantarrashtriy leagwar bandee ghatali.
janewari 1933 madhye hitler sarkarne satta ghetali aanee germanyche drutagatine eka-pakshiy hukumshahimadhye rupantar kele. rashtriy samajvadi duhswapna baaraa varshe tikale, parantu 28 februwari 1933 roji mahila aantarrashtriy shantata aanee swatantrya sangh (aay. eff. eff.) naveen sarkarne bandee ghatalelya pahilya sanghatananpaiki eka bunley. sadasyanna "snrakshak kothadi" denyachi dhamki denyat aalee aanee sansthechi malmatta japt karnyat aalee. frieda perlenla yuddhavirodhi karyakarte mhanoon tiche kaam suru thevane aata shakya navhate. jawaljawal lagech sthalantarit jhalelya iff netrutva sanghatil tee ekmev sadasya navhati.