
freeberg

 () hii freebergchya swis cantonchi aanee laa saren jilhyachi rajdhani aahe. swees patharavar, sann/sareen nadichya donhi bajunna vasalele heey german bhashik aanee french bhashik switzerlandmadhil sanskrutik simevaril eka pramukh aarthik, prashasakeey aanee shaikshanik kendra aahe. tyache june shahar, jeey switzerlandmadhil sarvottam dekhbhalipaiki eka aahe, teey sareenchya khonyachya varchya eka chhotya khadkal tekadivar aahe. 2018 madhye tyachi loksankhya 38,365 hotee.
itihas.
pragaitihasik.
jaree kahee avashesh sapadale asale taree, freebergchya aaspascha pradesh navpashan kalapasoon sthayik jhaala aahe. yamadhye borgyulanjaval sapadaleli kahee chakakichi sadhane, tasech dagadi khod aanee kansya sadhane yancha samavesh aahe. roman kalat yaa bhagat nadee olandanyache thikan hote. swees patharatil mukhya kriyakalap matra uttarekadil bhagala mage takat hota aanee tyaeivaji teey broy aanee aventicum nadichya khoyabhovati kendrit hote. tyamule, roman kalatil keval kahee avashesh freebergmadhye sapadale aahet. yamadhye perolsajavalachya maidani bhagavaril bhinticha paya sapadalyache khuna aahet.
madhyayug.
1157 madhye zahringencha duke, berthold IV yane freeberg mhanoon yaa shaharachi sthapana kelee. tyache naav german '(mukt) aanee' (killa) pasoon aale aahe. tyacha sarvat pracheen bhag soyiskarpane saren nadichya purvichya dweepkalpavar sthit aahe, joou teen bajunni unch kadyanni sanrakshit aahe. sahaj sanrakshit jhalelya shaharane zahringenchya dukesna aarey aanee laa sareen darmyanchya bhagatil swees patharavar tyanchi shakti balkat karnyas aanee vadhavanyas madat kelee.
tyachya sthapanechya velepasoon, freebergney eka shahar-rajya bandhale; suruvatila, tyache niyantran asaleli jameen kahee antaravar hotee. 1218 madhye jevha rajputrancha mrutyu jhaala, tevha shahar sambandhit kutumbakade hastantarit karnyat aale. tyanni shaharala tyache purviche visheshadhikar dile aanee tathakathit '1249 madhye' nagarpalika kayade lihile, jyamadhye kayadeshir, sansthatmak aanee aarthik sanghatananchi sthapana karnyat aalee. yaa velee (1239), burn (1243) aanee (1245) yasah shejaril shahar-rajyanshi anek kararanvar swakshya karnyat aalya.
1277 madhye heey shahar habsbergna vikale gele. vyapar aanee udyog 13 vya shatkachya madhyat suru jhaala. suruvatichya kalat, freebergmadhye berg, auu, laa newaville aanee spittle yaa chaar vegvegalya aateel shahar jilhyancha samavesh hota. shaharacha zapatyane vikas jhaala, jyamule tyacha pahila vistar jhalah 1224 madhye berg jilhyacha paschimekade vistar jhaala, 1254 madhye nadichya palikade eka shahar sthapan jhaale aanee 1280 madhye payathanjaval vikas suru jhaala. yaa vistaranmule freebergmadhil aarthik vaadh disun yete. 14 vya shatkat vyapar aanee kapad aanee chamadyachya utpadanache varchasva hote, jyamule 1370 paryant madhya europemadhye shaharachi khyatee jhaali. 1339 madhye, frabergney burn aanee tyachya swis mahasangh mitrapakshanviruddha loppenchya ladhait habsberg aanee burgandy counties bhag ghetala.
1403 madhye bernberoberchya kararache nutanikaran karnyat aale. shaharachya netyanni pradeshik adhigrahan suru kele, jyamadhye tyanni haloohaloo jawalchya adhik jameen tyanchya niyantranakhali aanali. yamule freebergchya cantonsathi payabharani jhaali. 1442 paryant, sanechya donhi bajunchya serve jaminivar shaharache niyantran hote. tyamule tyache thet niyantran shaharatil netyanche hote, konatyahi madhyavarti prashasanache nahee.
15vya shatkachya madhyat vividh lashkari sangharshanni aakar ghetala. pratham, savai viruddhachya yuddhat mothe nuksan bharoon kadhave lagale. shaharavar kroor prabhav vadhala aanee 1452 madhye habsberg lokanni teey tyanna dile. 1477 madhye bergandian yuddhanparyant teey chaturanchya niyantranakhali rahile. burncha mitra mhanoon, freebergney bargandichya charles pahila yachya virodhat yuddhat bhag ghetala, jyamule adhik jameen tyachya niyantranakhali aalee.
shaharala savechya prabhavachya kshetratun mukt kelyanantar, 1478 madhye tyala mukt shahee shaharacha darja midala. shahar aanee tyache canton 1481 madhye swis mahasanghat sameel jhaale aanee tyanni dirghkal swis aanee european kaithalikvadavar prabhav padala aahe. 16 vya shatkat, pratham 1536 madhye burnchya madatine jhalelya aakramananantar aanee nantar 1554 madhye purvichya burnchya gananedware niyantrit kelelya jaminichya vilinikaranadvare, freebergchi vaadh suruch rahili.
14 vya shatkachya suruvatis kapad aanee chamadyachya vyaparacha parinam mhanoon anek pramukh kutumbe vikasit jhaali, jyat,,, (moolatah barnmadhun), aanee. sthanik kuleen (velga, aanee kutumbe) yanchyasobat miloon tyanni 15 vya shatkatil patrician varg tayar keela. tathapi, yaa udhyogat guntaleli kutumbe shahar aanee tyachya aaspaschya malmattevar niyantran thevanyabaddal adhik chintit houu lagali, tyamule kapad vyaparat ghat honyas heey karanibhoot tharale.
1627 madhye shaharachya rajkaranasathi eka mahattvacha tappa gathala gela, jevha palakanni eka naveen rajyaghatna tayar kelee, jyamadhye tyanni ghoshit kele qee teey ekmev lock aahet jeey shaharavar rajya karnyas saksham aahet aanee tyadvare tyanni serve matdanachya adhikaranvar niyantran midavale. yamule 15 vya shatkachya suruvatilach tayar houu lagaleli alpajantantra majboot jhaali.
math aanee churchche mahatva.
freebergchya mathanni nehmich dharmik sanskratiche kendra tayar kele aahe, jyat vastukala, shilpakala aanee chitrakala yancha samavesh aahe aanee shaharachya sanskratila yogdan dile aahe. 1256 madhye jacob wonn rigisburgne francican math daan keela hota. suruvatichya kalat, too nagarparishadeshi jawalun sambandhit hota, kaaran tyat shaharache sangrah hote aanee 1433 paryant tyache math church shaharachya sabhansathi vaparale jaat hote.
tyachpramane, 13vya shatkachya madhyat augustinian mathachi sthapana jhaali aanee tyala dirghkal kuleen velga kutumbacha pathimba labhala. yavyatirikt, laa magross math 1255 pasoon astitvat aahe aanee 1262 pasoon systersianshi sambandhit aahe. 13 vya shatkachya madhyat ughadale gelele sarvajanik rugnalay hii eka mahattvachi sanstha hotee, jee garibanna seva puravat hotee.
jaree freeberg jawaljawal protestant burnay vedhalela asala taree, sudharananchya kalat too catholic rahila. yamule simavarti bhagat aanee freeberg aanee burn yanchya sanyukt niyantranakhalil bhagat dharmavarun varanvar sangharsh jhaale. heey shahar prati-sudharananche pramukh kendra hote. 16vya shatkachya akheris aanee 17vya shatkachya suruvatila, shaharat naveen mathanchi sthapana karnyat aalee, jyat capuchin math (1608), bisembergwar (1621), ursulin math (1634) aanee bhet denara math (1635) yancha samavesh hota. tathapi, jesuit haah sarvat prabhavshali math hota, jyane shaharachya pragati aanee samruddhimadhye mothya pramanat yogdan dile. tyane 1582 madhye seent michael mahavidhyalayachi sthapana kelee, jyachya dharamshastriy vidyashakhene freeberg vidyapithacha paya tayar keela. vastunishtha presachi sankalpana dekhil jesuitsdware suru karnyat aalee hotee.
1613 madhye freeberg heey luzanchya bishapche sthan banale, jyanna sudharanannantar, pratham iviyanmadhye aanee nantar bargandimadhye haddapar karnyas bhag padale gele. aaj teey luzen, geneva aanee freebergchya bishapprasadanche sthan aahe.
1780-1809.
60 peksha jaast kutumbancha samavesh nasalelya majboot pitrusattak rajvatine shaharatil serve prabhavshali padey bharali aanee freebergchya serve rajkiy, samajik, aarthik aanee sanskrutik kshetranvar varchasva gajavale. 1781 madhye piyare-nicolaus chenaxchya netrutvakhali, anek prasangi dukkhi nagrik bandkhoricha prayatna karnyasathi sameel jhaale. burn aanee burney sainyachya madatine yaa bandancha dadapshahi karnyat aalee. 1798 madhye french sainyane switzerlandvar kelelya aakramanamule yaa pracheen rajvaticha padav jhaala. 2 march roji freebergney frenchanna sharanagati patkarali aanee aaplya jaminiche netrutva sodale. yamule pahilya nagarpalika nivadanukancha marg mokala jhaala, jyamadhye jeane dii montenak heey pahile mahapour mhanoon nivadoon aale. 1803 madhye nepoliyanchya netrutvakhalil madhyasthi kayada lagoo jhalyanantar, shevati freeberg shahar tyachya cantonpasoon vegale karnyat aale. freebergla tyachya pradeshachi aanee cantonchi rajdhani karnyat aale aanee 1803 teey 1809 darmyan tee switzerlandchya rajdhanyanpaiki eka hotee.
surbanda.
1814 madhye jirnoddhar kalat palakanni shaharache niyantran parat midavale. tyanni 1830 paryant rajya kele. tyachya netrutvanantar naveen aanee adhik udarmatvadi sanvidhan aale. freeberg haah switzerlandpasun vegale honyacha prayatna karananya catholic cantonanchya 'swatantra yutee' chaa bhag hota. 14 november 1847 roji freeberg aanee sonderbund yanni general dufour yanchya netrutvakhalil sangharajyavadi sainyachyapudhe aatmasamarpan kele, jeey eka sankshipt aanee jawaljawal raktaheen swis yadavi yuddh hote. 1848 pasoon, naveen rashtriy sanvidhan aanee canton sanvidhanatil durustine pratyek nagrikala matdanacha adhikar deela aahe.
aadhunik kaal.
19vya aanee 20vya shatkachya uttaradhat shaharachya sanskratimadhye aanee bhautik swarupat mothe badal jhaale. 1848 madhye shaharachi bhint anshatah padnyat aalee aanee saane/laa sarainavar eka naveen pool bandhanyat aala. 1862 madhye shaharatoon madhya railway marg ughadanyamule shaharacha "railway sthanak chaturthansh" vikasit jhaala. sudharit vahatukimule freebergche audhyogikikaran shakya jhaale. shaharache kendra junya shaharatoon naveen railway sthanakachya quartermadhye halavanyat aale. perol, beuregard aanee wignetazmadhil vistrut kshetre 1900 chya aaspas udyog kinwa gharansah vikasit kelee gelee. 1889 madhye vidyapithache udghatan haah freebergmadhil eka mahattvacha karyakram hota. shaharasathi aanakhi eka aarthik vardan mhanje jawalchya aii12 mahamargache udghatan.
bhoogol.
sthalakruti.
freebergchi unchi (junya shaharat) aahe aanee teey burnchya nairutyela aahe. heey swis patharavar sthit aahe aanee sareenchya donhi bajunna pasarlele aahe, jeey freebergchya parisarat, molasmadhye kholvar kapale gele aahe. june shahar eka tekadivar vasalele aahe, fakt rund aahe, jeey khonyachya majalyapasun sumare varr aahe. shaharache bahutansh bhag unch patharavar aanee aaspaschya tekdyanvar aahet, jyanchi sarasari unchi aahe. khonyacha majala fakt junya shaharachya aaspaschya bhagatach sthayik aahe.
freebergche eka kshetra aahe, chey. yaa kshetracha, kinwa 13.4% shetichya uddeshane vaparla jaato, kinwa 17.0% jungle aahe. urvarit jameen, kinwa 63.3% vasahat (imarati kinwa raste) aahe, kinwa 57% ektar nadya kinwa talav aahet aanee 0.8% anutpadak jameen aahe.
bandhkam kshetrachya ekoon kshetrafalachya 4.5 takke bhag audhyogik imaratincha aahe, tarr gruhnirman aanee imarati 34.5% aanee vahtook payabhoot suvidha 15.2% aahet. urja aanee panyachya payabhoot suvidha tasech itar vishesh vikasit kshetrancha ekoon kshetrafalachya 1.6 takke bhag aahe, tarr udyane, harit pattya aanee creeda kshetre 7.5 takke aahet. vankshetratil ekoon bhubhagapaiki, 14.4% heey ghandat jungle aahe aanee 2.6 takke bhag falbaganni kinwa zadanchya chhotya samoohanni vyapalela aahe. shetmalatil 6.9 takke jameen pikanchya lagvadisathi aanee 6.6 takke kuranasathi vaparali jaate. nagarpaliket 1.7 takke paanee talavanmadhye aanee 4 takke paanee nadya aanee pravahanmadhye aahe.
shaharasathi tulanene lahan asalelya nagarpalika kshetramadhye freebergchya cantonchya madhya bhagatil molaseche kshetra samavisht aahe. dakshinekadun uttarekade haah bhag saine/laa saren yaa ghatt jakhamemule kapla jaato, jyamule kahee thikani, sabhovatalachya patharachya khalee kholvar khonyachi zeej jhaali aahe. sarvasadharanpane, khonyacha majala rund aahe. 1872 madhye europemadhil pahile gurutviya dharan asalelya magross dharanane jalashay mhanoon tayar kelele leey lack dii perols heey shaharachya dakshines sthit aahe. shifenencyche pramukh shaharachya agadi uttarela aahe. yaa donhi krutrim talavanmadhye, laa saren jawaljawal sampoorn khonyacha majala vyapate.
donhi bajunni tekadya ubhya, mothya pramanat jangalanni aachchhadalelya utaranni vedhalelya hotya. purvekade, nagarpalika sconeberg parvatachya utaraparyant pohochate, jyachi unchi freebergmadhil sarvat unch bindu aahe. galtera nadee, jee patharamadhye kholvar vibhagali gelee aahe, tee donger aanee nadidarmyan vahate aanee junya shaharajavalachya saane/laa sarenmadhye khalee padate.
borguillan heey purviche gaav nagarpaliket aahe. freebergchya seema purvela dudingan aanee toffers, aagneyela pierfortsha, dakshinela marley, paschimela villars-suur-glain aanee giviziz aanee uttarela grange-pacot yaa aahet.
rajkaran.
hatancha coat.
nagarpalika coat auph armscha blazen haah 'nila' aahe, joou ardhvarshik argentnusar dexterver unch aanee unch killa aahe."
canton aanee rajdhaniche naav ekach aahe parantu tyanche shastranche coat vegvegale aahet.
sarkar.
nagarpalika parishad (,) freeberg shaharache karyakari sarkar sthapan karate aanee mahavidhyalayin pradhikaran mhanoon kaam karate. tyat paach councillors (,) asatat, jeey pratyeki anek vibhag aanee sambandhit aayogancha samavesh asalelya sanchalanalayache adhyaksh asatat. karyakari vibhagache adhyaksh mahapour ("syndic") mhanoon kaam karatat. aadesh kalavadhi 2021-2026 ("laa legislature") madhye nagarpalika parishadeche adhyakshapad "monsier leey syndic" therry steert yanchya adhyakshatekhali asate. vibhagiy kaame, samanvay upay aanee samanya parishadene (sansad) tharavalelya kayadyanchi amalbajavani hii nagarpalika parishad karate. matdanasathi vaidh asalelya konatyahi rahivashadvare nagarpalika parishadechi niyamit nivadanuk darr paach varshanni hote. matdan karanyachi parvanagi asalela freebergcha konatahi rahivasi nagarpalika parishadecha sadasya mhanoon nivadala jaau shakato. freebergchya cantonne kelelya sanvidhanamule, swees nagarikanna keval matdan karnyacha aanee nivadoon yenyacha aanee jaatiy staravar nivadoon yenyacha adhikar nahee tarr see prakaracha nivas parwana asalele aanee kiman 5 varshe freebergchya cantonmadhye rahivasi asalele paradeshi dekhil aahet. sadhyacha adhidesh kalavadhi 1 juuna 2021 teey 31 meey 2026 haah aahe. pratinidhinchi nivad proporse pranalidware kelee jaate. mahapouranchi nivad sarvajanik nivadanukidware kelee jaate tarr itar sanchalanalayanchya pramukhanchi niyukti mahavidhyalayin sansthedvare kelee jaate. karyakari sanstha junya shaharatil 'places dii ell' hottel-dii-vhile 'yaa thikani tauun hallmadhye (' ell 'hottel dii veele') aaplya baithka ghete.
2021 paryant, freebergchi nagarpalika pii. ess./ess. pii. (soshal democratic party, jyapaiki eka mahapour dekhil aahe) chey done pratinidhi aanee pii. dii. see./see. vhee. pii. (khrishchan democratic party), pii. see. ess./see. ess. pii. (khrishchan soshal party) aanee pii. ess./jee. pii. ess. (green party) chey pratyeki eka pratinidhi miloon banaleli aahe, jyamule davya pakshanna pachpaiki chaar jaganpaiki bahumat milate. mageel niyamit nivadanuk 7 march 2021 roji jhaali hotee. mageel serve sadasya punha nivadoon aale aahet.
sansad.
sarvasadharan parishad (,), mhanje shahar sansad, vidhimandal adhikar dharan karate. tyat 80 sadasya aahet, darr paach varshanni nivadanuka hotat. samanya parishad nagarpalika parishad aanee prashasanadvare amalat aanalele niyam aanee up-kayade tharavate. pratinidhi pramanbaddh pratinidhitva pranalidware nivadle jaatat.
sarvasadharan parishadechi satre sarvajanik asatat. nagarparishadechya sadasyanpramane, sarvasadharan parishadeche sadasya vyavasayane rajkarani nasatat aanee tyanna tyanchya upasthitichya aadhare shulk dile jaate. matdan karanyachi parvanagi asalela freebergcha konatahi rahivasi sarvasadharan parishadecha sadasya mhanoon nivadala jaau shakato. freebergchya cantonne kelelya sanvidhanamule, swees nagarikanna keval matdan karnyacha aanee nivadoon yenyacha aanee jaatiy staravar nivadoon yenyacha adhikar nahee tarr see prakaracha nivas parwana asalele aanee kiman 5 varshe freebergchya cantonmadhye rahivasi asalele paradeshi dekhil aahet. sansadechya baithka junya shaharatil 'grand salley day laa messon dii justices' madhye 'ruu days chanoins 1' varr hotat.
sarvasadharan parishadechi shevatchi niyamit nivadanuk 7 march 2021 roji 1 juuna 2021 teey 31 meey 2026 yaa janadesh kalavadhisathi ('laa legislature') jhaali hotee. sadhya sarvasadharan parishademadhye samajik lokshahi pakshache (pii. ess./ess. pii.) 23 (-7) sadasya, 21 (+ 13) green party (pii. ess./jee. pii. ess.), 1 (-1) khrishchan democratic peaples party (pii. dii. see./see. vhee. pii.), 8 (-2) liberal (pii. ell. aar./eff. dii. pii.), 7 (+ 2) center gauche (pii. see./see. ess. pii.), 6 (-2) swis peaples party (yuu. dii. see./ess. vhee. pii.) aanee eka (-) 'party days artistes' (pii. pii./keey. pii.) sathee, davya pakshanna atyant majboot bahumat dett aahet.
nivadanuka.
rashtriy parishad.
2019 chya swis rashtriy parishadesathichya federal nivadanukit sarvat lokpriy paksh pii. ess./ess. pii. hota jyala 29.4% (-6.8) matey midali. pudhil chaar sarvat lokpriy paksh mhanje green party 20.9% (+ 11.0), pdc/cvp 15.5% (-7.0), udc/svp 9.7% (-41.1) aanee fdp/plr 9.1% (+ 4.0). sanghiy nivadanukit ekoon 9,426 matdaranni matdan kele aanee matdaranche mutt 46.6% hote.
2015 chya swis rashtriy parishadesathichya federal nivadanukit sarvat lokpriy paksh pii. ess./ess. pii. hota jyala 36.3% matey midali. pudhil chaar sarvat lokpriy paksh mhanje pii. dii. see./see. vhee. pii. (22.5%), yuu. dii. see./ess. vhee. pii. (13.8%), green party (9.8%) aanee eff. dii. pii./pii. ell. aar. (8.7%). sanghiy nivadanukit, ekoon 9.795 matdar dile gele aanee matdaranche matdan 48.4% hote.
loksankhyashastra.
loksankhya.
freebergchi loksankhya () aahe. loksankhyepaiki 31.9% rahivasi paradeshi nagrik aahet. gelya 10 varshant (2000-2010) loksankhya 8.3% chya darane badalali aahe. sthalantarat 8.1 takke tarr janm aanee mrutyu 0.9 takke hote.
freeberg heey canton freebergmadhil sarvat mothe shahar aahe. 20vya shatkachya suruvatila tasech 1930 teey 1970 yaa kalat freebergchi loksankhya lakshaniyaritya vadhali. 1974 madhye 42,000 itaki kamal loksankhya pohochali. tevhapasoon loksankhyeche andaje 14 takke nuksan jhaale hote, jeey kadachit alikade ulatale asel.
freebergchya sabhovatalachya samoohanchi loksankhya 110,000 aahe, kinwa, fakt sarvat jawalchya upnagaranchi ganana karata, 75,000 (2015) aahe. yamadhye every, belfox, corminbouf, giviziz, grange-pacot, marley, matron aanee villers-suur-glain yaa nagarpalikancha samavesh aahe. aaspaschya nagarpalikanmadhye giviziz, grange-pacot, villers-suur-glain, marley, tasech corminbouf, belfox, grolley aanee duddingen (french giinii) aanee tuffers (french tavel) paryantchya sareenchya ujavya kathavar pasarlelya bhagancha samavesh aahe.
freebergchya sabhovatalachya samoohanchya vadhimule shaharala shejarchya shaharanshi, villars-suur-glain, giviziz aanee grange-pacotshee jodale gele aahe. tafarsache clain-sconeberg shahar aanee dudingenche ubeville gaav shaharachya purvekadil kathavar sthit aahet. yaa vasahati kshetrachi loksankhya 60,000 (2015) aahe.
loksankhya 48.8% purush aanee 51.2% mahila hotee. loksankhyemadhye 12,080 swis purush (loksankhyechya 31.8%) aanee 6,475 (17.0%) bigger-swis purush hote. 13, 855 swis mahila (36.4%) aanee 5,636 (14.8%) bigger swis mahila hotya. nagarpaliketil loksankhyepaiki 10,756 kinwa sumare 30.3% freebergmadhye janmale hote aanee 2000 saalee tethe rahat hote. 6,394 kinwa 18.0% ekach chhavanit janmale hote, tarr 7,164 kinwa 20.2% switzerlandmadhye itaratra kuthetari janmale hote aanee 8,981 kinwa 25.3% switzerlandchya baher janmale hote. 
loksankhyet mule aanee kishoravayin (0-19 varshe) heey 19.3% aahet, tarr praudh (20-64 varshe) heey 65.8% aahet aanee jyeshth (64 varshanpeksha jaast vay) heey 14.9% aahet.
nagarpaliket 17,825 lock asey hote jeey avivahit hote aanee tyanni kadhihi lagn kele navhate. 13, 581 vivahit vyakti, 2,146 vidhva kinwa vidhur aanee 1,995 ghatasfotit vyakti hotya.
nagarpaliket 15,839 khajgi ghare hotee aanee pratyek gharat sarasari 2. vyakti hotya. 7, 342 ghare hotee jyat fakt eka vyakti hotee aanee 687 ghare hotee jyat paach kinwa tyahoon adhik lock hote. ekoon 15,409 sadnika (ekunpaiki 87.0%) kayamswarupi vyapalya hotya, tarr 1,757 sadnika (9.9%) hangami vyapalya hotya aanee 549 sadnika (3.1%) rikamya hotya. naveen gruhnirman kendrancha bandhkam darr darr 1000 rahivashanmage 5.5 naveen kendrancha hota.
 freebergmadhye sarasari sadnika bhadyane ghenyachi sarasari kimmat 1062.05 swis phrank (chf) prati mahina (us $850, £ 480, € 680 andaje) hotee. 2003 pasoon vinimay darr). eka kholichya sadanikesathi sarasari darr 623.40 chf (us $500, £ 280, €400) hota, done kholyanche sadnika sumare 792.47 chf (us $630, £360, €510) hotee, teen kholyanche sadnika sumare 993.14 chf (us $790, £450, €640) hotee aanee sahaa kinwa adhik kholyanchya sadnikachi sarasari kimmat 1870.76 chf (us $1500, £840, €1200) hotee. freebergmadhil sadnikanchi sarasari kimmat 1116 chau. chau. chya rashtriy sarasarichya 95.2% hotee. nagarpaliket rikt padancha darr 1.45% hota.
aitihasik loksankhya.
aitihasik loksankhya khaleel taktyat dilee aaheh
bhasha.
bahutansh loksankhya () french (22,603 kinwa 63.6%) hii tyanchi pahili bhasha mhanoon bolate, german hii dusari sarvat samanya bhasha (7,520 kinwa 21.2%) aanee italian hii tisari (1,359 kinwa 3.8%) bhasha aahe. 55 lock aahet jeey romansh bolatat. baas-vhile gavatil kahee rahivasi french aanee swis germanchya mishranatoon tayar keleli mishra bhasha bolz bolatat. freeberg, shahar aanee canton yaa done adhikrut bhasha aahet aanee french hii sthanik sarkarchi bhasha aanee cantonmadhil sarvajanik pravachan aanee vyavasayat sarvat jaast bolali jaanari bhasha yaa donhi bhashanpeksha germanpeksha jaast aahe.
freeberg nehmich swees bhashechya simevar sthit aahe, parantu 12 vya shatkat shaharachya sthapanechya velee german hii prachalit bhasha hotee. jaree 1800 paryant german hii shaharachi adhikrut bhasha asali, taree french haloohaloo adhik prabhavshali jhaali. yala audyogikikaranamule madat jhaali, jyamule french bhashik sthalantaritancha ogh jhaala. 18vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 19vya shatkachya suruvatichya rajkiy badalanpasun german bhashik loksankhya alpasankhyak rahili aahe. german bhashetahi, yaa shaharala anekada manak german 'freeberg' aivaji 'freeberg' mhatale jaate, jeey germanytil kalya jangalachya kathavaril freeberg iim brisgaupasun vegale karnyas madat karate. aanakhi eka spashtikaran asey aahe qee sthanik alemonic german bolibhashet, shaharala "freeberg" kinwa "freeberg" (uchcharah [frib ̃ ±r]) asey mhanatat, jyatoon kadachit french naav "freeberg" aale asave.
dharm.
24, 614 kinwa 69.2% heey roman catholic hote, tarr 2,763 kinwa 7.8% heey swis reform churchche hote. urvarit loksankhyepaiki, eka rudhivadi churchche 443 sadasya (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 1.25%) hote, khrishchan catholic charchashi sambandhit 13 vyakti (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 0.04%) hotya aanee 668 vyakti (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 1.88%) hotya jyaa dusarya khrishchan charchashi sambandhit hotya. 62 vyakti (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 0.17%) jyoo hotya aanee 1,676 (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 4.71%) islami hotya. 161 vyakti bauddha, 71 vyakti hindu aanee 43 vyakti dusya charchchya hotya. 2, 843 (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 8.00%) konatyahi churchche navhate, adnyeyavadi kinwa nastik aahet aanee 2,509 vyaktinni (kinwa loksankhyechya sumare 7.06%) yaa prashnache uttar dile nahee.
sudharanandarmyan heey shahar catholic rahile aanee tevhapasoon teey catholic dharmache kendra banale aahe. yethe church aanee mathanchi sarasaripeksha jaast sankhya aahe. 1613 pasoon freeberg heey lauzen, geneva aanee freebergchya bishapprasadanche sthan aahe. ('sonderbund' pahaa)
arthvyavastha.
vyapar aanee arthvyavasthecha vikas.
13vya aanee 14vya shatkachya suruvatilach freebergmadhye anek prakarche udyog vikasit jhaale. yaa kalat saane/laa sarenchya purv kinanyavar shaharacha vistar hone heey majboot aarthik unnatiche soochak hote. galternalmadhye, vividh girnyansathi jalshakticha vapar keela jaat asey. sanchya bajoone naveen vyapari jilhe au, newstad aanee matton yaa shaharansah vikasit jhaale.
vyapak mendhya palanyane balkat jhalelya charmodyog aanee kapad utpadakanna 14vya aanee 15vya shatkat aarthik teji midali. yamule madhya europemadhye tyacha vyapar prasiddha karoon freebergla madat jhaali. 15vya shatkachya uttaradhat sthanik shetkyanni tyanchya mendhyanchya jaagi guranchi lagwad kelyamule kapad nirmitimadhye haloohaloo ghat jhaali. 16 vya shatkat kapad udyog kosalanyachya itar karananmadhye, yaa mandalane naveen sahitya kinwa aadhunik shaili vaparnyas nakar deela aanee pitrusattak vargachya udayabarobar shaharachi samajik rachana badalali, hii vastusthiti samavisht aahe.
yaa kalanantar, nimn-stariy vyaparane freebergla aakar deela gela aanee 1870 chya dashakachya suruvatis too swees railwaymargashi jodala jaiparyant tyache audhyogikikaran jhaale nahee. 1872 madhye talavache perol bandhalyanantar shaharachya dakshin aanee paschim patharala urja puravali jaau shakali. asha prakare, tethe eka audhyogik kshetra vikasit jhaale, jyat suruvatichya varshant wagon karkhana aanee lakud giraniche varchasva hote. nantar yaa bhagat done madyanirmiti karkhane sthapan karnyat aale. 1901 madhye villers-suur-glain yethe chocolate karkhana sthapan karnyat aala, parantu seema badallyanantar 1906 madhye too freebergchya adhikarkshetrat aala.
20vya shatkat, pathar haah shaharacha audhyogik bhag banala. 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatis shejarchya nagarpalikanmadhye naveen audhyogik kshetranchya vikasamule aarthik vikas suruch rahila aahe.
aajchi aarthik sthitee.
freebergmadhye berojgaricha darr 4.9% hota. prathamik aarthik kshetrat 18 lock karyarat hote aanee yaa kshetrat sumare 5 vyavasay guntalele hote. madhyamik kshetrat 3,821 lock karyarat hote aanee yaa kshetrat 232 vyavasay hote. 21, 614 lokanna trutiyak kshetrat rojgar denyat aala hota, tarr 2,004 vyavasay yaa kshetrat hote. nagarpaliket 17,207 rahivasi hote jeey kahee pramanat karyarat hote, jyapaiki mahila kamgaranchya 47.1% madhye hotya.
 purnavel samatulya nokyanchee ekoon sankhya 20,099 hotee. prathamik kshetratil nokyanchee sankhya 14 hotee, jyapaiki 4 shetimadhye, 8 vanikaran kinwa lakud utpadanat aanee 1 masemari kinwa matsyavyavasayat hotee. duyyam kshetratil nokyanchee sankhya 3,530 hotee, jyapaiki 1,744 kinwa (49.4%) utpadan kshetrat, 9 kinwa (0.3%) khankamat aanee 1,455 (41.2%) bandhkamat hote. trutiyak kshetratil nokyanchee sankhya 16,555 hotee. trutiyak kshetrat; 2,633 kinwa 15.9% ghauk kinwa kirkol vikri kinwa motar vahananchya durustimadhye hote, 993 kinwa 6 takke vastunchi vahtook aanee sathavan karnyat hotee, 1,003 kinwa 6.1 takke hottel kinwa restaurantmadhye hote, 568 kinwa 3.4 takke mahitee udhyogat hote, 957 kinwa 5.8 takke vima kinwa vittiy udhyogat hote, 1,535 kinwa 9.3 takke tantrik vyavsayik kinwa shastradnya hote, 3,273 kinwa 19.8% shikshanat hote aanee 1,970 kinwa 11.9% aarogya sevemadhye hote.
freebergmadhye majuranpeksha jaast nokya aahet aanee tyamule aaspaschya mothya pramanat shetee kshetrasathi heey eka mothe pravasi gantvyasthan aahe. sthanik udhyoganmadhye ann aanee vilasi utpadane, peye (madyanirmiti karkhane danish company carlsbergchya malakiche aahet), dhatoo aanee yantra bandhkam, electronics aanee sanganak tantradnyan yancha samavesh hoto.
seva udhyoganmadhye sarvadhik kamgar sakriy aahet. yapaiki anekjan sarkari prashasakeey padanvar kaam karatat. shikshan (vidyapithat), banka aanee vima kampanya, paryatan aanee upahargruhe, tasech aarogya seva hii itar mahattvachi kshetre aahet. freebergmadhye anek aantarrashtriy companyanchi prashasakeey karyalaye aahet. cantonal rugnalay heey villars-suur-glenchya simevar aahe.
nagarpaliket 16,572 kamgar pravas karat hote aanee 6,505 kamgar pravas karat nighun gele hote. nagarpalika hii kamgaranchi nivval aayatdar aahe, pratyek jann nighat asatana sumare adich kamgar nagarpaliket pravesh karatat. kaam karananya loksankhyepaiki 35 takke lock kamavar jaanyasathi sarvajanik vahatukicha vapar karatat aanee id1 khajgi karcha vapar karatat.
shikshan.
anivarya aanee purv-vidyapith patalivaril shaala french aanee german yaa donhi bhashanmadhye upalabdh aahet. vidyapith adhikrutpane dvibhashik aahe, mhanje vidyarthyanna donhi bhashanche nishkriy dnyan asane apekshit aahe, jaree keval konatyahi bhashet kinwa donhi bhashet padvisah padvi midvane shakya aahe. kayadeshir aanee dharamshastriy abhyasasathi teey paradeshat dekhil prasiddha aahe.
villa seent. jeane aantarrashtriy shaala dekhil freebergmadhye hotee.
freebergmadhye 5 granthalaye aahet. yaa granthalayanmadhye bii. see. yuu. freeberg, 'daad duesh bibliothech freeberg', 'daad bibliothech day laa veele', 'daad haut ecole dii sante freeberg' aanee 'daad ecole dii' inganiers ett dii 'architects' (eae. eae. aii.-eff. aar.) yancha samavesh aahe. granthalayanmadhye ekoon () 3,531,605 pustake kinwa itar madhyame hotee aanee tyach varshi ekoon 611,405 vastoo karjane denyat aalya.
freebergmadhye sumare 11,649 kinwa (32.8%) loksankhyene anivarya nasalele uchch madhyamik shikshan purn kele aahe aanee 5,671 kinwa (16.0%) yanni atirikt uchch shikshan (ektar vidyapith kinwa "fatchociul") purn kele aahe. trutiyak shaley shikshan purn kelelya 5,671 paiki, 47.7% heey swis purush hote, 31.2% heey swis mahila hote, 12.4% heey bigger-swis purush hote aanee 8.7% heey bigger-swis mahila hote.
freeberg shaala pranalichya cantonmadhye eka varsh anivarya nasaleli balwadi, tyanantar sahaa varshe prathamik shaala upalabdh aahe. tyanantar teen varshe saktichi nimn madhyamik shaala asate, jithe vidyarthyanna kshamata aanee abhiruchinusar vegale kele jaate. tyanantarche nimn madhyamik vidyarthi teen kinwa chaar varshanchya paryayi uchch madhyamik shalet jaau shakatat. uchch madhyamik shaala vyayamshala (vidyapithachi purvatayari) aanee vyavsayik karyakramanmadhye vibhagali gelee aahe. uchch madhyamik abhyaskram purn kelyanantar, vidyarthi trutiyak shalet jaane kinwa tyanchi shikau nokri suru thevane nivadu shakatat.
2010-11 shaley varshat, freebergmadhye 974 varganna ekoon 14,170 vidyarthi upasthit hote. nagarpalikemadhil kinwa tyabaheril konatyahi shalet ekoon 4,966 vidyarthyanni shikshan ghetale. nagarpaliket ekoon 385 vidyarthyansah 25 balwadi varg hote. nagarpaliket 117 prathamik varg aanee 2,037 vidyarthi hote. tyach varshi 117 nimn madhyamik varg hote, jyat ekoon 2,313 vidyarthi hote. 470 vyavsayik uchch madhyamik varg hote aanee 186 uchch madhyamik varg hote, 4,012 uchch madhyamik vidyarthi aanee 4,840 vyavsayik uchch madhyamik vidyarthi hote, nagarpaliket 46 vishesh trutiyak varg hote aanee 13 bigger-vidyapith trutiyak varg hote, jyat 273 bigger-vidyapith trutiyak vidyarthi aanee 310 vishesh trutiyak vidyarthi hote. bhashanchya prachand vaividhyamule aanee abhyaskram deu kelyamule, freeberg vidyapith heey tyanchya yugatil vidyarthyansathi eka lokpriy thikan aahe.
freebergmadhye dusya nagarpaliketun aalele 8,234 vidyarthi hote, tarr 305 rahivasi nagarpalikabaheril shalanmadhye shikat hote.
vahtook.
freeberg heey freeberg cantonche sarvat mahattvache vahtook kendra aahe.
raste.
heey shahar burn teey veveparyantchya junya mukhya rastyavar aahe aanee payern, morat aanee thaan yethe jaanyasathi pravesh bindu mhanoon kaam karate. swees motorway jaalyashi jodani 1971 madhye burn teey matronparyantcha aii12 motorway ughadanyane sthapan karnyat aalee, joou 1981 madhye vhevi karnyasathi vistarit karnyat aala. paschim barnapasoon swees purv-paschim aii1 shaharala uttar aanee paschimela bajula sarate, keval talchen aanee chamblioxchya samudayanvar parinam karate. freeberg-sud aanee freeberg-uttar heey pravesh bindu shaharachya kendrapasoon pratyeki 3 qii. mea. antaravar aahet.
railway.
1860 pasoon railway jaalyala jodani anek tappyant purn jhaali. suruvatila, burn teey freeberg haah railway marg 2 julai 1860 roji shaharachya uttares sumare 4 kiimii antaravar ballisville yethe tatpuratya terminals ughadala gela, kaaran saren khonyavaril bhavya viduct adyap purn jhalela navhata. 4 september 1862 roji, freeberg railway sthankavar tatpuratya sthanak imaratisah, ballisville teey lauzen marge sampoorn marg khula jhaala, 1873 madhye kayamswarupi imarat ughadali jaiparyant. 25 august 1876 roji pairnla jaanyasathi eka marg khula jhaala aanee 23 august 1898 roji moretsathi.
sarvajanik vahtook.
sandpanyachya kamanmule 1899 pasoon newaville jilhyapasoon varchya shaharaparyant eka funicular railway chalavali jaat aahe. freeberg funicular heey jagatil urvarit kahee panyane chalanare funicular aahe aanee sandpanyachya panyane chalanare ekmev aahe. varche sthanak sandapani prakalpat aahe jeey sandpanyache paanee utaratya karmadhye pump karate, jyamule teey chadhatya karpeksha judd hote. sandapani talashi sodale jaate.
1897 teey 1965 paryant freebergmadhye eka lamb traum jaale karyarat hote, jyachya jaagi tramchi jaaga 1949 pasoon freeberg trolleybus pranaline ghetali. sadhyache basache jaale aata 'transports publicus freeberjwa' dware chalavale jaate, jyache bull, revench, schmitton, schwarzenberg aanee paryatan kshetra schwarzishi sambandh aahet.
vimantal.
pradeshik burn-belp vimantal yaa bhagapasoon eka tasachya antaravar aahe.
sanskruti aanee paryatan.
shaharatil prekshaniy sthalanna bhet deu ichchinanya paryatkansathi freeberg heey eka divasachya sahaliche thikan aahe. yamadhye aitihasik june shahar, jyat seent nikolasache gothick cathedral aahe, jeey joseph mehoffer yanni tayar kelelya kachechya khidkyansathi prasiddha aahe aanee sangrahalaye yancha samavesh aahe. naisargik itihas sangrahalayachi sthapana 1873 madhye jhaali hotee aanee aata teey vidyapithatil naisargik vidnyan imaratit aahe. 1920 pasoon ratzoffmadhe asalelya qalaa aanee itihasachya sangrahalayat pracheen aanee prarambhik itihas, shilpakala aanee chitre, paramparik tinchya aakrutya, qalaa aanee hastakala, tasech paise aanee graphik sangrahanvar pradarshan aahe. cathedralmadhye 1992 pasoon eka khajina kaksh pradarshit keela jaat aahe. itar sangrahalayanmadhye swis sangrahalay auph marionates, swis shivan yantrache sangrahalay, gutenberg sangrahalay, baibal aanee oriented sangrahalay aanee bear sangrahalay yancha samavesh aahe.
sanskrutik anubhavanmadhye dharmik sangitacha utsav, aantarrashtriy lokkatha adhiveshan, jaz pared, aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsav aanee cineplus (1972 pasoon) yancha samavesh hoto.
tyachya bhagini shahar barnpramanech, freebergney tyache madhyayugeen kendra sampurnatah jatan kele aahe jeey aata europemadhil sarvat mothya kendranpaiki eka aahe. teen bajunni saane/laa sarenane vedhalelya eka netradipak dweepkalpavar heey sthit aahe. junya shaharachi vastukala pramukhyane gothick kalatil aahe; tee pramukhyane 16 vya shatkapurvi bandhali gelee hotee. bahutansh ghare sthanik molas dagadapasun bandhali gelee aahet. berg, auge aanee newaville yaa parisarancha samavesh asalele tyache june shahar 12 vya shatkapasoon 17 vya shatkaparyantchya karanjyanni aanee charchani samruddha aahe. tyache unchavaril cathedral 1283 aanee 1490 chya darmyan bandhale gele hote. freebergchya killyanmule switzerlandchi sarvat mahattvachi madhyayugeen lashkari vastukala tayar jhalih tatbandi, 14 manore aanee eka motha tatbandi. shaharachya purv aanee dakshin bhagat visheshtah sanrakshn changle jatan kele gele aahe.
rashtriy mahattvachi varsa sthale.
rashtriy mahattvache swis varsa sthal mhanoon soochibaddha asalelya 67 imarati kinwa sthalanche ghar freeberg aahe.
creeda.
shaharatil sarvat lokpriy creeda club mhanje aais hockey club etch. see. freeberg-gotteron, joou rashtriy leegmadhye (aine. ell.) khelato. tyanche gharche maidan mhanje 8,934 aasan asalele bii. see. eff. kshetra. 1937 madhye sthapan jhalelya yaa sanghane kadhihi swees ajinkyapad spardha jinkley nahee, parantu paach vela upavijetepad patkavale aahe.
freeberg olympicmadhye basketball khelala jaato, jeey hollie cross collegechya 3,500 kshamatechya vyayamshalet aapale gharguti khel khelate. club yashasvi jhaala aahe, tyane 13 ajinkyapad spardha (1966,71,73,74,78,79,81,82,82,85,91,92,98,99 aanee 2007), sahaa swees cup (1967,76,78,97,98 aanee 2007) aanee 2007 madhye eka leag cup jinkla aahe.
football club eff. see. freeberg haah swis footballchya tisya staravaril, swis first leegmadhye khelato.
1933 pasoon, octobermadhil pahilya ravivari, mertonchya ladhaichya smaranarth mertenpasoon freebergparyantchi sharyat, 'mertenlaff' (merton runn) aayojit kelee jaate. hii sharyat hii switzerlandmadhil sarvat lokpriy majedar dhavanpaiki eka aahe.