
yukrenmadhil chhayachitran

yukrenmadhye vidnyan, tantradnyan aanee kalechi eka shakha mhanoon chhayachitran vegvegalya prakare vikasit jhaale, kaaran aitihasikdrushtya jamini russia aanee austriya yaa done samrajyanmadhye vibhagalya gelya hotya. yamule chhayachitran samajachi uddishte aanee yukrenmadhil chhayachitranachya tantrik aanee samajik bhoomikemadhye kahee farak padala aahe.
samanya mahitee.
chhayachitranachi rasayanik tattve 16vya shatkachya purvardhat sapadali, jevha chandichya ksharanchya prakash sanvedanshilatecha parinam shodhala gela aanee siddha jhaala. pudhil shatkat, rasayanshastra kshetratil dnyan satat sudharle gele, tasech prakash-sanvedanshil padarthanchya samparkat yenyache tantrik pailu aanee prapt kelelya pratimanche dirghakalin sthirikaran.
yukrenmadhye, kalecha eka prakar aanee tantradnyanache eka kshetra mhanoon chhayachitran done dishanni aaleh paschim deshanmadhye-austriya-hangerimadhun aanee purvet-purv europes urvarit jagatoon.
yukrenmadhil chhayachitranache pahile khuna.
chhayachitran 1840 chya dashakat videshi chhayachitrakaranni yukrenmadhye aanale hote, jeey kivmadhil varshik aantarrashtriy jatretil sahbhagi hote-"contracts", jeey anekada yukrenmadhye rahile. french 'jacks' aanee charles-paul herbust heey pahile sthayik chhayachitrakar hote.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat paschim ukrainechya bhoomitil ukrainean chhayachitranache pranete hote. karpiyak, lvivmadhil volodymyr shukhevich, stepan domokhovsky aanee vaay. presemicialmadhye leubovic aanee eff. stanislavivmadhye velichako.
vikasacha kalavadhi (1850-1915).
ukrainechya purvekadil pradesh.
1850 chya dashakat, kayivmadhye aay. saha aadhich sthanik chhayachitrakar hote. chekhovich, ivan hudowski, fedir levik, keey. vayutaki (tii. chya shavpetiche chhayachitra. shevchenko), emm. sthool, yank aanee itar. 1864 pasoon, mea. benzmann, franz dii messer, 1860 aanee 1880 chya dashkatil landscape auph kyivhache lekhak, josip coordish (1868), emm. pasternak (1869) aanee itarankade chhayachitra studio hote.
1860 aanee 1990 chya dashakat odessa, kharkiv, poltawa aanee itar mothya shaharanmadhye vyavsayik chhayachitra studio ughadale gele. pahilya ukrainean chhayachitrakaranpaiki eka, vloadzemiers (volodymyr) vayasotsky yane 1871 madhye keev yethe eka photo studio ughadala, jithe eka suprasiddha ukrainean chhayachitrakar aanee chhayachitrakar, alfried fedetsky yanni 1880 teey 1886 paryant kaam kele. 
phillip haas, mishree, fedorovates, cloponin aanee keey heey tyaa kalatil odesatil sarvat prasiddha chhayachitrakar-kalakar hote. migersky. juuna 1886 pasoon, yukrenmadhil chhayachitran aanee tirangi chhayachitranache sansthapak, fedetsky yanni kharkivmadhye kaam kele aanee kalatmak chitre aanee bhupradeshansathi paradeshi pradarshananmadhye tyancha sanman karnyat aala. 1880 chya dashakapasun oo. sarkhya kalakaranni. suchkova, jee. cerebrin, vhee. timoshenko, aar. tuken aanee itar lokpriy hott hote.
1880 chya dashakat poltavamadhye jeey. maikolai gogolchya jivanashi sambandhit thikananchya chhayachitrancha sangrah, ivan kotliyarevskichya smarakachya udghatanatil chhayachitre (1903) aanee poltawa zemstovochya gharachi chhayachitranchi eka mothee malika (1908-1909) yanche lekhak khmelevsky.
1914 paryant kivmadhye anek chhayachitrakar-kalakar aanee vyavsayik shastradnya hote. tyapaiki kahinmadhye arshenevsky, emm. bobir, aay. haas, aaa. hubchevsky, aay. yezarsky, keey. parchevsky, emm. shukin aanee vhee. fevorsky, microphotography sanshodhak.
19vya shatkachya akheris, photo sanstha kharkiv (1891), odessa (1897) aanee keev (1899) madhye shahee russian tantrik samajachya shakha mhanoon, tasech odessa, kharkiv (1891), sympheropyl (1896), yelisavetgrade (1901) madheel qalaa haushi samaj aanee keev (1901-1917) madheel serve ukrainean lokanmadhil sarvat sakriy samaj mhanoon disu lagalya. nantarchya lokanni ahwal, sahali aanee spardha aayojit kelya. 1908 madhye tyanni chhayachitrakaranchi serve-ukrainean parishad aanee kivmadhye qalaa chhayachitranache aantarrashtriy pradarshan aayojit kele.
ingraj aar. yanni bromogelatin platescha shodh lavlyanantar vyavsayik chhayachitranacha prasar jhaala. maddox (1871). 1914 paryant, sumare 70 vyavsayik chhayachitrakaranni kayivmadhyech kaam kele (odesamadhye sumare 40). kivmadhye chhayachitra upkarane asaleli 6 dukane hotee (aay. saha. konoseviche 'ukrainean photo shop'); bernadskichya vyavharik chhayachitranache abhyaskramahi astitvat hote.
ukrainechya pashchimekadil pradesh.
haushi chhayachitrakaranchi sanghatana 1914 chya akheris karpathiyansmadhye ukrainean sitch riflemenchya press apartmentmadhye sthapan karnyat aalee. shetat" pahili chhayachitre ivan evanets, vaay yanni ghetali hotee. butsmanuke, buub. hnetevich, vhee. clim, tii. moisevich, emm. uhreen-basegritiony, tii. yatsur aanee itar. 
1915 madhye, ukrainean sitch reflaymentchya press apartmentmadhye, wii. bobinsky aanee lev getz yanni 'riflemancha sangrah' haah sangrah sankalit keela, jyamadhye lashkari chhayachitrakaranni 144 chhayachitransaha chitrit kelelya 36 kalakruti hotya. haushi gatanni librekmadhil (1920) chekoslovakiyamadhil najarkaidetahi kaam kele.
aantaryuddh kalavadhi (1920-1939).
pashchimekadil pradesh.
1920 chya dashakat, lvivmadhye khaleel goshti disalyah
1930 madhye, lvivmadhye (pradhyapak olexa balitsky aanee dow. stanislaviv, ternopyl aanee rohatin yaa shakhansah) societyche adhyaksh stephen domokhovsky. societyche 216 sadasya (1936), swatache ghar aanee granthalay hote. <id1 madhye tyane 'switlo aay tiin' ["" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" " upkulanni masik deshantargat pradarshan aanee varshik pratinidhi pradarshananchehi aayojan kele.
societychya sadasyanni shikago (1933) madheel pradarshananmadhye, zagreb (1935) madheel serve-gulam qalaa chhayachitra pradarshan aanee alfa, perutz, kodak, phillips aanee herault yaa chhayachitra spardhanmadhye bhag ghetala.
1935 madhye, play paryatak aanee sthanik itihas societys uparokt sanghatnene 68 sahbhaginsah 'chhayachitratil aapali matrubhoomi' heey pradarshan aayojit kele.
samajatil pramukh sadasyanmadhye pradhyapak olexa balitsky, julien dorosh ('haushi pathyapustak' (1931) aanee 'aavardhan' yaa pustakanche lekhak), alekzandar pezansky, yaroslav savka, volodymyr savitsky, danilo figol, roman maslick, volodymyr tarnavsky yancha samavesh hota.
ell. yansahevich aanee jeey. shalabavka lvivmadhye vyavsayik chhayachitranamadhye guntalele hote.
purvekadil pradesh.
krantinantar, 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat aanee dusya mahayuddhanantar, yukrenmadhye haushi chhayachitran gut vividh sanstha, sarvajanik sanstha aanee karkhanyanmadhye pasarale. tyanni veloveli ukrainechya baher chhayachitra aanee pravas pradarshananche aayojan kele aanee serve pradeshik kendranmadhye rokh bakshisansah spardha aayojit kelya.
tyaa pradarshananchya sahbhaginmadhun vruttapatransathi chhayachitra patrakaranchi bharati karnyat aalee. thodya kalasathi, 'photo-kino ['] '(1924),' photo dilia vharsikh [']' (1928-1930) aanee 'photo sotsbudivenitswoo ['] '(1932-1934) hii masike kharkivmadhye prakashit jhaali.
1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat, prayogshaletil tantradnya aanee chhayachitrakaranni qalaa aanee audhyogik shaala tayar kelya; kalatmak chhayachitran kayav qalaa sanstha aanee kayav chitrapatshastra sansthet shikavale gele. tyaa kalatil sarvat prasiddha kalakar-chhayachitrakar emm. petrov-dii. dematsky aanee pii. novitsky, jyanni chitrapatanmadhye chhayachitrakar mhanoon kaam kele; i. ezersky, ozerov, oo. demitrieve-chitrakar mhanoon.
yuddhanantar, karpenako-curry keev natya sansthechya chhayachitran shakhet chhayachitran shikavale gele; chhayachitran tantrala liviv polygraphic sansthet prashikshan denyat aale. grahak sevanchya garjansathi, mothya shaharanmadhye chhayachitranache abhyaskram hote, jeey chhayachitrakar-tantradnya tayar karat asat. keev yetheel sanskruti mantralayat eka prayogik chhayachitra studio ubharala jaat hota.
soviet unionmadhil chhayachitran.
1971 madhye chhayachitrakar irina papney ukrainechya patrakaranchya sanghat chhayachitranachi shaala sthapan kelee. shalene vyakhyane, karyashala aanee vibhaganiche punaravalokan aayojit kele. tee adhikrut shaikshanik sanstha navhati, parantu anek vyavsayik, jyanni nantar swatantra ukraineche chhayachitran vatavaran tayar kele (victor marushchenko, valery kerekesh, serahi pozarsky) tyatoon padvi prapt kelee.
tasech, mykolai kozlowski haah yuu. ess. ess. aar. chya sarvat prasiddha chhayachitrakaranpaiki eka hota. 1948 pasoon tyanni ogoniok masikasathi vishesh chhayachitra patrakar mhanoon kaam kele. tyanchya sarjansheel kamanmadhye 30 hoon adhik chhayachitra sangrah aahet. 1986 madhye 'maay keev' yaa chhayachitra sangrahasathi too shevchenko rashtriy puraskaracha vijeta dekhil hota.
kharkivmadhil boris mykhelov aanee lvivmadhil villa furgalo heey yuu. ess. ess. aar. chey kahee sarvat prabhavshali "anadhikrut" chhayachitrakar aahet.
ukraineche chhayachitrakar.
tyapaiki kahee samavisht aaheth