
claude garamond

claude garamont (-1561), jyala samanyatah claude garamond mhanoon olakhale jaate, too parismadhil french prakarcha designer, prakashak aanee punch-cutter hota. garamond mushtya maranyache kaam karat asey, masters matrixver shikke lavayache, dhatucha prakar taknyasathi vaparale jaanare sache. tyanni aata junya shailitil serif rachana navachya paramparet kaam kele, jyat tulanene sendriya rachana asaleli patre tayar kelee gelee, jee pens hastalikhitasarkhi hotee parantu thodi adhik sanrachit aanee saral rachana hotee. sarvkalatil agraganya prakarchya designerspacky eka manla jaanara too aajahi tyachya aksharanchya bhavyatesathi olakhala jaato. anek junya shailitil serif aksharrupanna ektritpane garamond mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyala designerche naav denyat aale aahe.
garamond heey pahilya swatantra panchkatarpaiki eka hote, jeey vishisht mudrakasathi gharee kaam karnyaivaji itaransathi seva mhanoon prakar rachana aanee punch-katingmadhye tadnya hote. tyamule tyanchya karkirdine vyavsayik chhapaiche bhavishya paribhashit karnyas madat kelee, jyat mudran pustakanpeksha eka vegala udyog mhanoon tanklekhan kele gele.
prarambhik jeevan aanee parshvabhoomi.
garamondche suruvatiche jeevan haah kahee sanshodhan aanee lakshaniy anishchitatecha vishay rahila aahe. 1480 salapasoonchya aanee tyachya janmachya prastavasathi jitkya ushiraparyant prastav denyat aala aahe, titkya usheera, french sanskruti mantralayane tyala pradhanya dile. nantarchya tarkhechya bajoone, 1561 chya tyachya ichchhapatrat asey mhatale aahe qee tyachi aaee tevha jiwant hotee aanee tyane antoin augreusobat prashikshan ghetale aahe, jyane 1530 madhye tyachi karkird suru kelee. tyane donada lagn kele, gilmet gaultiershee (kadachit 1535 purvi) aanee tichya mrutyunantar, yasabeu leey fevareshi (1545 madhye). garamondne antoin augerosah prashikshan ghetale asave aanee kadachit sayman dii kolainsdware dekhil prashikshit kele gele asave. tyane 1535 madhye punchcutter vaparoon tyachya karkirdichi suruvat kelee asey disateh tyacha pahila prakar 1535 madhye lyonmadhye disu shakato.
1536-1540 madhye, garamondne charlot gillardsathi typefounder mhanoon kaam kele. tichya chhapil dukanat, too french rajacha dharmopadeshak jeane dii ganyla bhetala. 1539 madhye, jevha francis mallah greek grunth prakashit karnyasathi parismadhye eka chhapil dukan tayar karayache hote, tevha printer conrad niobarsathi prakar pradan karnyasathi garamondchi bharati karnyat aalee. garamond 1540 chya sumaras prasiddha jhaala, jevha tyachya teen greek aksharshailinna (jyala aata greeks du roee (1541) mhanatat) robbert estienne rajgharanyatun aurder kelelya pustak malikesathi vinanti kelee hotee. garamondne yaa prakaranvar fontainblo yetheel rajache granthapal engelo agco yanchya hastalikhitavar aadharit kele. yacha parinam haah eka atyant guntagunticha prakar aahe, jyamadhye hastalikhit lavchikateche anukaran karnyasathi vividh prakarchya paryayi akshare aanee bandhane samavisht aahet.
garamondne vividh niyoktyansathi kaam kele, prakashak aanee sarkarsathi mushtya thokalya. garamondche aksharroop paradeshat lokpriy hote aanee venismadhil aldin presamadhye griffochya mool roman prakarachi jaaga ghetali. tyanni prakashak aanee pustak vikreta mhanoonahi kaam kele. tyachya tiryak aksharanna tyachya roman aksharrupanpeksha qamee prabhavi manale jaat asale taree, roman chauras aksharrupanpramane saral rahnyaivaji, tiryak aksharanchya aksharanni khalchya aksharapramanech dhaal deela pahije, hii aadhunik parampara sthapit karananya suruvatichya mudrakanpaiki too eka hota.
jaree swatah garamond solavya shatkatil french chhapaitil eka prakhyat vyakti rahile asale, taree gelya shatkatil aitihasik sanshodhanane tyanchya karyala adhikadhik sandarbh deela aahe. solavya shatkatil francemadhye jevha naveen aksharrupanchi nirmiti vegane hott hotee, tevha garamond hii anek vyaktinpaiki eka hotee aanee yaa prakarchya designers purvichya ardhashatkachya kalat sakriy asalelya aldus manutius sarkhya vyaktinchya karyadvare paribhashit kelelya purv-vidyaman paramparet karyarat hotya. 1520 teey 1560 yaa kalavadhit, eka karagir mhanoon garamondchya karkirdicha samavesh asalela, akshararachana nirmitisathi eka atyant vyast kaal hota, jyat vividh prakarche akshar tayar kele gele hote, kahee varvar pahata vishisht mudrakadware vishesh vaparasathi, tarr kahee vikale gele kinwa tyanchyat vyapar kele gele. swatah garamond, robbert grangeon, gilam leey beey, antoin augero, sayman dii collines, pier haltin aanee itaransah anek korivkamkarte yaa kalat sakriy hote, jyanni keval lattin varnamalatach navhe tarr greek aanee hibru bhashetahi vidvattapoorn vaparasathi akshararachana tayar kelee. yaa kalat uchch darjachya mushtya aanee matrixcha eka pool tayar jhaala joou french mudran udyogala mothya pramanat, pudhil done shatkansathi puravatha karel.
garamondchi pratishtha asoonahi, kadachit tyaa kalatil parician pustak udhyogatil spardha aanee payarsimule too aarthikdrushtya kadhihi vishesh yashasvi jhaala nahee. 1545 madhye, garamondne parisachya pustak vikretya jeane barbechya bhagidarit prakashan vyavasayat pravesh keela. prakashit jhalelya pahilya pustakala david chambelan yanni 'piya ett religiosa mediteshio' asey naav dile hote.
garamondacha mrutyu aanee tyache parinam.
1561 chya sumaras, garamondcha francemadhye kuthetari adnyat karananmule shantpane mrutyu jhaala hota. november 1561 madhye, tyachya mrutyunantar, tyachi upkarane, mushtya aanee matrixcha shodh lavala gela aanee gilam leey beey, christophe plantin aanee andrey waishels kharedidaranna vikale gele. tyachya patnila tyache thoke vikanyas bhag padale gele, jyamule done shatkanparyant garamondache aksharroop mothya pramanat vaparale gele, parantu anekada gunavisheshanmadhye atyant gondhal nirman jhaala. gondhalalelya vikrimule samasya nirman jhalya aanee leey bechya mulane plantinchya uttaradhikari moretusla matrixcha vyapar karanyachi aupher dilee jenekarun tyaa doghannahi aakaranchya shreneet purak prakar asoo shaktil. egelhoff-bernerne 1592 madhye garamond aanee itarandvare prakarancha eka namuna baher aanala, joou nantar anek garamond punarujjivanasathi eka srot tharala.
lattin varnamaletil mool garamond sahityacha ekmev pramukh sangrah mhanje tyachya mrutyunantar lagechach antwerpmadhye aadharit christophe plantinne gola kelela sangrah. mushtya aanee matrixcha haah sangrah aata tyaa kalatil itar prakar sthapkankadun plantinne gola kelelya itar anek aksharshaileensah, antwerpmadheel plantin-morates sangrahalayachya sankalanacha eka pramukh bhag banato. udaharanarth itihaskar harry carter aanee etch. yanni yaa sangrahacha sanshodhanasathi mothya pramanat vapar keela aahe. dii. ell. pramanikpane.