
pancharatr

pancharatra (iasth "pancharatra") hii hindu dharmatil eka dharmik chalval hotee jee isavi sunpoorv tisya shatkachya uttaradhat narayan aanee vishnuchya vividh avtaranchya tyanchya madhyavarti devatanchya kalpanambhovati ugam pavali. hii chalval nantar pracheen bhagvat paramparet villin jhaali aanee vaishnav dharmachya vikasat yogdan dile. pancharatr chalvaline sanskratmadhye 'pancharatr sanhita' navache asankhya sahityik grunth tayar kele aanee heey ishwarvadi vaishnav chalvalinmadhye prabhavshali agamik grunth rahile aahet.
pancharatra' yaa shabdacha shabdasha arth 'paach ratri' ('punch': paach, 'ratter': ratri) assa aahe, pancharatra yaa shabdacha arth vegvegalya prakare lavala gela aahe. yaa shabdache shrey eka hrishee narayanala dile gele aahe, jyane paach ratri yadnya keela aanee too eka divya prani aanee serve pranyansah eka jhaala. madhya sampradayacha kinwa madhyacha brahm sampradayacha aanee ramanujacha shree vaishnav sampradayacha samavesh asalelya anek vaishnav tattvadnyanachya kahee sarvat mahattvachya granthanpaiki pancharatr aagam heey aahet. pancharatr aagam heey 200 hoon adhik granthanni banalele aahet; bahudha ii. sha. 600 teey ii. sha. 850 darmyan rachale gele aahet.
shandilya sutre' (ii. sha. 100) haah sarvat juna dnyat grunth aahe jyane bhakti pancharatr siddhantala paddhatshir kele aanee dakshin bharatatil ii. sha. 2yyaa shatkatil shilalekh asey suchavatat qee toparyant pancharatr siddhant tethe dnyat hote. 8vya shatkatil aadi shankyanni pancharatr siddhantatil ghatkanvar itar aastik drushtikonansaha teeka kelee aanee sangitale qee pancharatr siddhant haah advaitvadi aadhyatmik pathpuravyanchya aanee ved-virodhi hota. 11 vya shatkatil ramanuj yaa prabhavshali vaishnav dharmachya vidvanane eka patra advaitvad siddhant vikasit keela jyane pancharatr chalvalitil kalpana aanee vedanmadhil advaitvadi kalpana yanna jodale. pancharatr dharamshastra haah hindu dharmachya paramparanmadhil prathamik aanee duyyam avtar-sambandhit siddhantancha srot aahe.
itihas.
vishnucha avtar asalelya narayan hrushinchya kalpanambhovati eka dharmik chalval mhanoon pancharatrachi mule ii. sha. puu. tisya shatkat asanyachi shakyata aahe.
pancharatr yaa shabdacha sarvat aadhi vapar vaidik grunth 'taittiriya sanhita' chya 7.1.10 vibhagat aadhalato. yaa vibhagat alankarik bolanyat nipun honyasathi pancharatr vidhitoon jaananya vyaktiche varnan kele aahe. shatpath brahman' chya kalam 13.6 madhye narayan haah adidevatva aahe joou haah naivedhya arpan karato. mahabharatatil narayania vibhag (xii, 335-351) saat hrushincha sandarbh deto jeey mhanatat qee pancharatr vidhee vedanshi susangat hota. vaidik granthat itar anek yadnyansah paach divasanchya vidhicha ullekh asala taree vishnuchya pancharatra bhaktanchi utpatti aanee tyanchi parampara aspasht aahe. hii chalval krishna-vasudevanchya aaspaschya pracheen bhagvat paramparet villin jhaali aanee vaishnav dharmachya vikasat yogdan dile.
jeey. chya matey. aaa. buub. tathapi, 'pancharatr' haah shabd 'narad sanhita' madhye 'paach dnyan' chya paramparecha sandarbh mhanoon spasht keela aahe. tyachpramane, jaann gonda mhanatat qee pancharatr paramparetil 'paach ratri' madheel 'ratri' haah shabd aateel andharache roopak asoo shakato aanee 'arth aala-kassa, aamhala mahit nahee', jaree kharokhar 'paach pranali', 'paach abhyas' aanee 'paach vidhee' yasarkhe anek arth lavale gele aahet.
shandilya yanni kelelya pahilya shatkatil krutee yaa pancharatr siddhantache sarvat june dnyat paddhatshirkaran aahet. dakshin bharatatil ii. sha. 2yyaa shatkatil shilalekhandware pramanit kelyapramane, haah siddhant tyaa kalat dnyat aanee prabhavshali hota. puravyanvarun asey soochit hote qee teey pracheen kalat bhagvat paramparesah saha-astitvat hote.
aadi shankaransarkhya advait vedant vidvananni pancharatr siddhantatil ghatkanvar itar aastik drushtikonansaha teeka kelee aanee mhatale qee teey advaitvadi aadhyatmik pathpuravyachya aanee gair-vaidikanchya virodhat aahe. suthren hirstchya matey, brahman heey ekmev aadhyatmik vastav samajoon ghenyache sadhan mhanoon jarr teey kendrit asel tarr shankyanni moorti aanee mandir pujechya vaparas pathimba deela. tathapi, tyanni bhaktimay aastikvadala, swatach eka ant aanee aadhyatmik pathpuravyache dhyey mhanoon virodh keela. gonda sangatat qee, pancharatr parampara hii vaidik nasalelya davyanshi aitihasikdrushtya asahmat aahe aanee pancharatr granthanmadhye spashtapane mhatale aahe qee, "pancharatr vaidik aahe, teey shrutitoon udbhavate" aanee "pancharatr niyam aanee pratha vedanshi nishtha asalelya konihi palalya pahijet".
11 vya shatkatil prabhavshali shree vaishnav vidwan ramanuj yancha janm pancharatra paramparet jhaala, teey shankarashi asahmat hote aanee tyanni eka patra advaitvad siddhant vikasit keela, jyat pancharatra chalvalichya kalpana aanee advaitvadi kalpana vedanmadhye ektrit kelya gelya. ramanujne sangitale qee pancharatrache vishnu heey vedantchya brahmana sarkhech aahe, jethe purush haah shashvat aatma mhanje vishnu aanee prakruti mhanje vishnuche kayamche badalat jaanare shareer pratibimbit karato.
aajche vishnu upasak, jeey vividh paramparanmadhye pratinidhitva karatat, teey samanyatah pancharatr pujechya paddhatiche palan karatat. panth sanhita kinwa satva tantrat aanee pancharatr granthanmadhye sarvat pramanik manale jaanare done grunth, jayakhya sanhitet, naad aanee naad-brahman hii sankalpana aadhich aadhalate.
madhya resheche sansthapak anand teerth yanni mundak upanishadavaril aaplya bhashyat lihile aaheh
"dwaparyugat, vishnuchi keval pancharatr granthachya tattvannusar pooja kelee jaate, parantu kaliyugachya yaa yugat, sarvoch bhagwan harichi pooja keval tyachya pavitra navachya japane kelee jaate."
jeev goswamine aaplya 'paramatma sandarbh' madhye mhatale hote, jeey sahaa pramukh sandarbhancha kinwa gaudia vaishnavadachya tatvik granthancha bhag aahe, qee 'utkatata aanee adnyanachya paddhatinmadhil apoorn shastravachane keval anek adachani aanatat aanee mool vedanche yogya prakare palan karane khoop katheen aahe heey dekhil pahoon aanee asha prakare yaa donhibaddal khoop asamadhani asalyane, sarvadnya grunth lekhak pancharatranchya shreshthates pushti detat, jeey shuddha paripoorn satya, narayan aanee prabhuchi pooja yanche varnan karatat, jeey karane khoop sope aahe."
daivi prakatikaran.
pancharatr dharamshastra kalantarane vikasit jhaale. purush-prakruti aanee daivi purush-stree abhivyakti mhanoon srushti hii bhagvantapasun kashee prakat jhaali yavar haah dwaitvadi siddhant sadar karato. tyat asey mhatale aahe qee nirmiti 'vinyas' (vyavastha) dware udayas aalee. pancharatr siddhantanusar, suruvatila keval vasudev-krishna (vishnu-narayan, vasudev mhanje shabdasha 'antarvasi devata') haah sarvoch aparivartaniy dev hota. tyane serve jivanavar bhagwan mhanoon shankar (balram), nantar munn nirman karnara pradyuman aanee ahankar ("ahamkar") mhanoon aniruddha yanchi vyavastha kelee. tyanantar, brahm aniruddhatun udayas aala jyane anubhavjanya vishvachi nirmiti kelee. asha prakare, devatva heey pancharatramadhye sarvatra hote aanee aahe, parantu vegvegalya pailunmadhye, eka roop kinwa tappa purvipasoon udayas yet aahe.
11vya shatkat vaishnav dharmachya shree vaishnav parampareche sansthapak ramanuj yanni aaplya anuyayansathi vaishnav dharmachi pancharatra pranali sthapan kelee hotee. tyanche narayanpujeche tattvadnyan panchang shikavaninvar aadharit hote.
ramanujne shikavale qee param devata, parbrahma, paach sambhavya pailunmadhye prakat hoteh paraa, vayu, vibhav, antaryamin aanee archa. yaa pachpaiki eka kinwa dusyadvare sajeev prani daivi devashi sanvad sadhu shakatatah
mandiranmadhye prabhuchi pooja karane-pracheen sanskratine vaidik dnyanane lihilelya shastrannusar shahare, gave aanee gave paddhatshirpane vikasit kelee aanee prabhuchya murtiche abhishek karnyasathi mandire bandhali aanee serve staratil lokanna serve nagri bhavnene ekatra aanoon pooja, arpan, sann sajare karnyache niyam vihit kele. manoranjak baab mhanje, sann sajare kartana pavitra shastra swachchh vatavaran aanee tirthyatresathi vaidyakeey, mukkam aanee ann suvidhanchi dekhbhal karnyacha aagrah dharate
prabhav.
hindu dharmachya paramparanmadhil, visheshtah shree vaishnav dharmatil, prathamik aanee duyyam avtar-sambandhit siddhantancha srot mhanje, yuddh-sambandhit pancharatr dharamshastra aahe. dharmache pradhyapak aanee tulanatmak itihaskar, barbar holdregge yanchya matey, pancharatr siddhantancha shree vaishnav aanee gaudiy vaishnav yaa donhi dharmanvar prabhav padala, jaree thoda vegala asala taree. shree vaishnav dharmat vishnu-narayan sarvoch aahe, tarr vasudev, sanskar, pradyuman aanee aniruddha heey chaar vinyas aahet. gaudia vaishnavadat, vayu siddhant adhik guntagunticha aahe, krishna (vasudev) haah "swayam bhagvat" (antim kinwa paraa brahman) aahe joou vayuh mhanoon prakat hoto aanee too samkaran, pradyuman aanee aniruddhasah bhautik kshetrache vayuh aanee purush-avtar aahet.
sarav.
pancharatr paramparene 'panchkala' kinwa darroj palale jaanare paach aacharan shikavaleh
pancharatra paramparetil daivi prakatikaran dharamshastrache mahatva asey aahe qee jyaa prakriyedvare vishnu-narayan anubhavjanya vastavat aanee manavanmadhye udayas aale, tyaa prakriyechi samaj, ekhadyala hii prakriya ulatanyas pravrutt karoo shakate. ulatya paddhaticha sarav karoon aanee anubhavjanyatepasun adhik amurtatekade valoon, pancharatranusar, manav shashvat vasudev-krishnaparyant pohochu shakato aanee tyadvare moksh (moksh) prapt karoo shakato.
mandire.
dorris srinivasana mhanatat qee, gupt samrajyapasun vaishnav mandire aanee kalanni pancharatra kalpana sadar karnyacha prayatna keela. yaa pranalimadhye srinivasana mhanato, "vasudev, shabdasha," antarvasi devata ", haah pahila ugam aanee kramik ugamancha zara aahe, jyache pratinidhitva hindu kalemadhye ektar manavvanshashastriy kinwa saiddhantikdrushtya kele jaau shakate". jevha ekhadi vyakti pracheen aanee madhyayugeen vaishnav guha mandiranchi pradakshina ghalate, tevha bhakt vasudev (sarvat amoort) aanee nantar kramik 'vinyas' (shabdasha, 'suvyavasthit vyavastha') darshavina pratimevarun pudhe jaato.
pancharatr grunth.
shandilyache bhaktisutra heey pancharatra siddhantavaril sarvat suruvatichya paddhatshir granthanpaiki eka hote. pancharatra sahityat vaishnav dharmache aagam grunth aahet. shaiv dharmachya samakakshanpramanech, teey keval dharamshastra sadar karat nahee tarr vaishnav mandiranchya bandhkam aanee vidhee yanche tapasheel, pratikatmakata aanee karyapaddhati yanche varnan karate. pancharatr paramparenusar, 108 'sanhita' aahet, parantu tyanchya granthanmadhye 200 hoon adhik 'sanhita' soochibaddha aahet. anek pancharatra grunth nasht jhaale aahet. kahee shillak asalele pancharatra grunth, jyanvar tyanche samanya laksh kendrit aahe, teey aaheth
aagmanchi yadee.
pancharatr grunth heey sanhita aanee tantra aahet, jeey vishayamule aagam mhanoon vargikrut kele jaatat. aagam pramukhyane shaiv, shakt aanee vaishnav aagmanmadhye vibhagale gele aahet. vaishnav aagam heey pancharatr aagam aanee vaikhanas aagam aahet aanee teey brahmanala narayan kinwa vishnu mhanoon sampavatat. mahabharat tyachya narayania vibhagat pancharatr tattvadnyanachi sadasyata gheto. lekhak vishnulok bihari shrivastav mhanatat, "mahabharatatil narayanopakhya vibhagat pancharatrachi charcha jhaali aahe. nardanni yaa tantrache saar narayan hrushikadun aatmasat kele hote, assa ullekh aahe. too ekayan navachya vedatil eka bhag mhanoon swikarla gela aahe. kapinjal sanhitet 215 pancharatr sanhitancha ullekh karnyat aala aahe. sadhu parampurushdas aanee sadhu shrutiprakashdas yanni tayar kelelya soochitoon prakashit aanee aprakashit, sampoorn aanee apoorn sanhita yanchya yadivar aadharit sanhita yanchi yadee dilee aaheh
aanakhi anek sanhita, jyapaiki keval naav dnyat aahe aanee astitvat naheet, tyaa dekhil yaa kamat soochibaddha aahet.
srirangam shree ranganath swami mandiratil yaa sanhitanpaiki 'shree parameshwar sanhita' haah paushakar sanhitecha eka prakar palala jaato aanee vyavharatahi.
shree kanchipuram varadraj swami mandirat 'shree jayprakash sanhita' palali jaate aanee vyavharat aahe. shree melukote cheluv narayan swami mandirat "shree ishwar sanhita" chey palan kele jaate aanee vyavharat kele jaate. tiruvellarai shree pundariksh swami mandirat 'shree padma sanhita' palali jaate aanee vyavharat aahe. tirukkudantaimadhye (kumbhakonam) aravmudhan sarangpanichi pooja 'sriprasanna sanhita' neey kelee jaate. urvarit thikani padma sanhita kinwa tyache prakar vaparale jaatat. gaudia vaishnav heey brahm sanhita aanee narad sanhita yanche anusaran karatat.