aksham necrotic spott orthotospovirus

impatience necrotic spott orthotospovirus (aay. aine. ess. vhee.) haah "bunyavirels" yaa kramacha vanaspatijanya rogkarak vishanu aahe. mulat haah 'tometo spotted wilt virus' chaa aanakhi eka prakar asalyache manale jaat hote, parantu anuvanshik tapasanit teey vegale vishanu asalyache ughad jhaale. haah eka nakaratmak-strand aar. aine. aii. vishanu aahe jyamadhye tripakshiy genome aahe. too mukhyatve pashchimatya fulanchya trichya keetak vahakadvare pasarato. haah vishanu fushiya, tomato, aurkid aanee latice (visheshtah romen) yasarkhya mahattvachya bagayati aanee krishi prajatinsah vanaspatinchya 648 hoon adhik prajatinna sankramit karato. navapramanech, vanaspatinvaril mukhya lakshan mhanje pananvar disanare necrotic daag. aay. ess. vhee. vishanu haah vishanumadhye asalelya aar. aine. aii. chey peshimadhye injection deuun sankramit hoto, joou nantar vishanu aar. aine. aii. kaay sangato teey lipyantarit karnyasathi peshi sansadhanancha vapar karnyas suruvat karato. vishanujanya sansargamule anekada vanaspaticha mrutyu houu shakato. haah rog pramukhyane western flover thrip vectorche nirmulan karoon aanee konatyahi sankramit vanaspati samagricha naash karoon niyantrit keela jaato.
rog chakr.
haah rog eka ess. ess. aar. aine. aii. aahe joou swatahla yazman peshimadhye ghusavato, tyanantar yazman peshi aar. aine. aii. kram tasech aar. aine. aii. laa lapavanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya coat prathinanchi nakkal karato. sankramit peshi halchal karnari prathine tayar karnyas dekhil suruvat karate jee vanaspatidvare vishanuchi halchal sulabh karate jyamule plasmodesmata (vanaspatichya peshinmadhil jodani) pureshi mothee hote jyamule vishanu sampoorn vanaspatimadhye haloo shakato. tyanantar vishanu sankramit rus kinwa kitkasarkhya vahakadvare itar vanaspatinna dekhil sankramit karoo shakato, jeey punha chakr suru karel.
vyavasthapan.
samanyatah vishanuchya samasyeche vyavasthapan karnyacha sarvottam marg mhanje rog vahoon neuu neuu konatyahi vahakapasoon sutka karane. heey kitaknashkadware sahajpane kele jaau shakate. dusari swikararh paddhat mhanje pratirodhak vanaspati. hii zaade konatyahi sankramit peshinna nasht kartil, jyamule vishanucha prasar houu denar naheet. shivay, vanaspatinmadhil mothe antar vishanucha prasar houu naan deuun rogacha prasar qamee karnyas madat karoo shakate. heey sarvat samanya vahak sankraman asalelya tann aanee thripswar niyantran thevun kele jaau shakate. vanaushadhi aanee kitakanashakanchi rasayanik niyantrane lagoo kelee jaau shakatat aanee haah niyantranacha sarvottam prakar aahe. jarr vishanuchi samasya rahili tarr tyaa bhagat itar vanaspati lavalya jaau shakatat jyat aay. ess. vhee. chya sansargasathi aavashyak vaishishtye naheet.
yazman aanee lakshane.
aay. aine. ess. vhee. chee yazman shreni vistrut aahe aanee tee tann, fale, bhajya aanee sajavatichya picansah 300 hoon adhik vanaspatinchya prajatinmadhye aadhalu shakate. yapaiki sarvat jaast prabhavitanmadhye tomato, latice, mirpud aanee papermint tasech bahutek serve sajavaticha samavesh aahe. sankramanachya lakshananmadhye paaney khalkade valane, pananchya tokala parat valane, valane pananchya tokanna galatee hone, pananvar 'chikan poxsarkhe' daag (bahutekda sabhovatalachya prabhamandalasaha), khodancha mrutyu aanee pivale padane yancha samavesh hoto. hii lakshane khoop samanya asalyane, tumchya haritgruhat naveen vanaspatinchi olakh karoon detana atyant savadhgiri balgane aavashyak aahe. sankramit vanaspati barey houu shakat naheet aanee serve yajmananmadhye lakshane disun yet naheet. 
pashchimatya fulanche tribhuj tyanchya yazman vanaspatinmadhun kadhoon takane atyant katheen asate, kaaran teey anekada phule, kalya aanee kitkanashkansah pohochane katheen asalelya itar bhagat kholvar khodatat. tyamule, jaree vanaspatinvar niyamitpane kitakanashakanchi favarani kelee gelee, tarihi nidan kartana insvi aanee itar keetak vahak vishanu nehmich nakarta yet naheet.
aay. ess. vhee. sankramit vanaspati darshavinari lakshane kaay aahet yavar charcha kartana tapman aanee yazman donhi eka mahattvacha ghatak tharatat. jevha 75 teey 80 ansh fahrenheitchya darmyanchya vatavaranat naveen giinii impetinschi lagwad kelee jaate tevha yazman vanaspati atyant lakshaniy asel. tathapi, jevha naveen ginichi pratikarak shakti keval 10 ansh thund vatavaranat vadhavali jaate tevha rogachi konatihi lakshaniy lakshane asanyachi shakyata qamee asate.
"insvi-latice (california, united states auph america).
2006 madhye, aay. ess. vhee. sankramit letisachi nond monterry countymadhye pahilyanda jhaali. sahaa varshe, kirkol teey gambhir udrek jhaale. tathapi, 2018 pasoon, monterry countymadhye itar kinarpattichya pradeshansah gambhir udrek jhaala aahe, jyat jawaljawal 100% pikache nuksan jhaale aahe. gelya varshi, californiachya valvantatil latice pradeshat (nadikathchya parganyanmadhye) aanee arizonamadhye aay. ess. vhee. nondavale gele aahe. jevha aay. ess. vhee. letisachya zadamadhye pravesh karate, tevha tyachya pananvar mrut uutinche thipke aanee resha yeu shakatat. 
jevha leticela aay. ess. vhee. chee lagan hote, tevha tyat paaney pivali padane, mrut thipke aanee vaadh khuntaleli yasarkhi anek lakshane disun yetat. aateel pananvar necrosis aanee chlorosische namune asatat. sankramit latice vanaspatinchya bargadyanchya payathyashi lakshaniy necrosis aanee jakhama asatat. necrotic ootee tapkiri teey gadad tapkiri disu shakatat. sansarg kitee white aahe aanee vanaspati kitee door aahe yavar avalambun lakshane bhinn asoo shakatat. vyapak nekrosisamule kharab jhaleli paaney koradi aanee mrut houu shakatat. jarr ekhadya vanaspatila tyachya vikasachya suruvatichya tappyat sansarg jhaala asel tarr tyachi vaadh mandavane shakya aahe. haah vishanu latice pikanchya gunavattevar aanee utpannavar dekhil parinam karoo shakato.
paryavaran.
aay. aine. ess. vhee. haah eka vishanu aahe aanee naveen yajmananna sankramit karnyasathi aanee pasaravanyasathi vector sankramanavar avalambun aahe. heey western flover thrips navachya kitkandware sadhya kele jaate. western flover thrips heey uttar amerikechya paschim ardhya bhagatil moolche aahet aanee yaa naisargik kshetrat vyapak aahet. teey visheshtah parvatachya pashchimekadil ubdar bhagat prachalit aahet aanee yaa pradeshatil lokpriy safarchandanchya lagvadisathi, jase qee "granny smith" aanee "aalyache sone", sarvat ullekhaneey dhoka nirman karatat."safarchandanchya sanvardhit vanaspati madhyavarti rusts mothya, gadad prabhamandalasaha saundaryaprasadhananchya hanichi mothee chinhe darshavatil. yaa saundaryaprasadhan jakhamanna 'pancy spott' mhanatat."tee ashee thikane aahet jithe maadee fulanchya kalya kinwa falzade vikasit karnyasathi andakoshit jhaali aahe. yaa halakya tvachechya safarchandanchya sanvardhanamule saundaryaprasadhananche nuksan jhaale asale taree bahutek thrip vector vishanu tyancha parinam karat naheet asey disate. pashchimekadil dongral bhagatil sankramit safarchand heey pashchatya fulanchya fulanchya vadhisathi aanee punarutpadanasathi eka naisargik vatavaran pradan karatat.
mothya naisargik vatavaranamule aanee shekado yazman vahak sankramanamule vishanuchi vyapti keval kitkanchya pohochateparyant maryadit rahate. (3) haritgruhe pashchimatya fulanchya fulansathi aadarsh vatavaran pradan karatat aanee nirogi vanaspatincha vima utaravanyasathi pratibandhatmak upayayojana kelya pahijet.
jaree purvi paschim fulanchi triphale hii paschim united states aanee canadamadhye keval eka keetak hotee, taree tyancha prasar aata jagbharat pohochala aahe. teey aata jagbharatil fulanchya vanaspatinsathi sarvat gambhir keetak manale jaatat. maadee tyanchya aayushyat 150 teey 300 undy ghalatat, pratyek santatiche ayushya andaje 28 divas asate. tyanche bahutansh ayushya tyanchya praudhavasthet vyateet hote.
mahatva.
sankramit vanaspatinchya aayatidvare aay. aine. ess. vhee. chaa prasar sahajpane sadhya keela jaau shakato. 1991 madhye portugalmadhye achanak udayas aalyane heey siddha jhaale aahe, jithe too 30 hoon adhik vanaspatinchya prajatinmadhye sapadala hota. lapavalelya rahnyachya jaganna pradhanya dilyane teey anekada jaagtik staravar naan shodhata pravas karatat. lakshanyukt prajatinchya nucleoproteinschya viruddha enzyme-sanlagn immunosorbant parikshan vadhavun, keval italian bhajipala aanee sajavatichya pikanmadhye aath isolates olakhale gele aahet. varshbhar anukool paristhiti pradan karoon, haritgruhanmule pashchimi fulanchi thrips vahoon vahoon aay. ess. vhee. laa nirmulan naan jhalyas kayamswarupi nivasachi parvanagi milate. gloxinia aanee impattinsmadhye pahila kramank asalela rog asalyane, aay. ess. vhee. 648 vegvegalya prajatinvar hallah karoo shakato aanee anek lakshane asatat jyamule nidan karane adhik katheen hote.
aurkid prajatinmadhye 'impattins necrotic spott virus' chee lakshane
sandarbh.
loro, dii. 1996. portugalmadhye tomato spotted wilt vishanu aanee necrotic spott vishanuchi olakh aanee olakh. ecta hort. (ishh) 431:99-108 (1)
vaira, aaa. emm., rogero, pru., louisoni, eae., masenga, vhee., milne, aar. jee. aanee lisa, vhee. (1993), italitil done tospoviruses vaishishtyah tomato spott wilt aanee impetians necrotic spott. vanaspati rogvidnyan, 42:530-542. (2)
deangelis, jeey. dii., sether, dii. emm., aanee rosignol, pii. aaa. 1994. western flover thrips (thysanoptera, thripiday) dware papermintmadhye impattins necrotic spott vishanucha prasar. jeey. econ. entomol. 87:197-201. (3)

