
aaplya prabhuchya varshat, ektrikaranachya shaharat eka tatpurata mukkam, 19--

aii sojaran inn daad ciity auph amulgamation, inn daad ear auph avar laurd, 19-hii jerom bii. yanni lihileli eka dystopian kadambari aahe. oliver bolokiten yaa topananavakhali holgate (1812-93). februwari 1835 madhye newyorkmadhye lekhakane swatah prakashit keleli hii kadambari nirmulanvadyanvar teeka karate aanee tyanche varnan 'ektrikaran' kinwa aantarjatiy vivahache samarthan karnare asey karate. kathakarala bhavishyatil eka shahar, ektrikaran (jeey bhavishyatil philadelphiya manale jaate) bhetate, jithe gore lock aanee kaale lock keval vanshik samanatesathi ekmekanshi vivahabaddha jhaale aahet, parinami "naitik adhahpatan, aalas aanee rajkiy aanee aarthik ghasaran" hote."heey kaam, aantarjatiy vivahaviruddha aanee kalya punar vasahatvadasathi bolananya vyangyatmak kadambarichya pahilya vaparanpaiki eka aahe. hii kadambari dekhil dystopian kalpanaramya kathanchya suruvatichya bhaganpaiki eka aahe. 
saransh.
bolokiten mhanatat qee "jagatil pratyek gosht eka kaaran aahe" aanee too yaa karananna nirmulanvadi aanee gulamgirishi jodato. tyala done pandhare purush aanee done kalya striya botitoon utartana disatat aanee tyanchya gatachya mage jaaun ektrikaranachya shaharat jaatat. bolokitanla tyanchyakadun kalate qee yaa shaharat ektrikaran hii eka 'fashionable' gosht aahe. gut eka charchmadhye jaato jyamadhye jangalatil aag navachya upadeshkane ektrikaranachya fayadhyanvishayi pravachana kelya aahet. pandhya sadasyanna tyanchya kalya jodidarachya vasapasoon "sanrakshn" karnyasathi sampoorn payanmadhye aanee lokanchya nakala jodale gelele contraption asatat. dharmopadeshanantar, jyanna 'pavitra bandhutva' madhye diksha ghyayachi aahe tyanchyasathi eka aamantran asate."jangalatil aag gatala samajavun sangate qee sameel honyachya prakriyeche done bhag aaheth ukalane, jyamule purvagrah door hoil aanee attar, jyamule teey door raheel. ukalatya prakriyedarmyan, ketalitoon eka drav baher yete aanee bhaktala vedhate, jyamule tyanchya menduvar prabhav padato. ukalane suru hotach, kholichya sabhovatalachya goshti aapoaap haloo lagatat aanee pratyekjan jabardastine, agadi kathakaranehi, nachu lagato. tyanantar teey attargruhat jaatat aanee mahilanna bandhale jaate aanee tyanna jordar kode marle jaatat. mahilanna aanakhi shuddha karnyasathi attarane bharalelya syringesche injection dile jaate, lahan chhidranmadhye jhakalelya kopmadhye thewale jaate aanee atirikt ukalatya prakriyet dhund kele jaate. tyanantar jangalatil aagisathi probosichi garaj asate, jee eka 'chandichi taar' aahe... [tyanchya] vareel dhatuchya bhittistambhala jodalele, aanee nakpudya varr kadhanyapurvi tarchya shevati asalelya chhotya hukala nakachya tokala chikatavun thevate. bolokitan heey shree. asey mhananyapurvi nakachya kesanchya mahattvavar jore dete. dasekade konee nahee. jangalatil aagila heey kalate aanee tee ragavate aanee tyacha raag bolokitanla jiim kavalyachi aathvan karoon deto. eka hatat lathee aanee dusya hatat kandil asalela eka unch manus ughadanyasathi darvaja ughadato, joou aavaj kaay aahe heey jaanun ghenyachi magani karato aanee jangalatil aag tyanchyavar oradate qee "asey houu naye"... [tyanna] mothya boilermadhe takale jaate."
bolokitanla kalate qee sternfast yaa pandhya mansala eka pandhari patni aanee done pandhari mule aahet aanee jevha bolokitenla vicharale qee tyane ekatra qaa kele nahee, tevha sternfast tyala sangato qee, tyachya ullanghanachi bharpai karnyasathi, tyachi mulgi eka kalya purushashi lagn karel. 
bolokitan eka ratri rastyavar kalya purushanchya eka gatala bhetato aanee urvarit gut bolokitanla maranyapurvi, lutnyapurvi aanee apaharan karnyapurvi netyala golya ghalato. tyala mand prakash asalelya kholeet thewale jaate aanee farshitil eka crackmadhun tyala kalya lokanchi gardi jangalatil aagibhovati disate, jee eka khurchivar basali aahe. eka manus too mhanato qee too tyachya "priy jangalatil aagila" haanee pohochavanar nahee, parantu jangalatil aagine tyanna mukt kele yaa vastusthitisathi tyala prayashchitt havey aahe, asey mhanat qee teey gulam asatana jitke anandi navhate titke teey naheet kaaran tyanna aata puravale jaat nahee. tyanantar neta vanvyala eka naveen coat denyas sangato aanee teey tyala kapade kadhoon taktat, tyala tarane jhakatat aanee tyala pankh detat. teey tyala bolokitan gheuun talgharat fektat aanee nighun jaatat.
bolokiten aanee hofflemadhye eka imarat aadhalate jyat shilalekh aaheh "pranishastriy boiler."teey vegvegalya pranyansah boilerne bharalelya kholeet pravesh karatat, jeey serve 'tumchya shejanyavar swatahpramanech prem qaraa' yaa kayadyache ullanghan karatat."bolokitan, tyanantar hoffle, prani ukalale jaatat tevha baher padatat aanee oradu lagatat. 
julia albertla sangate qee tichya vadilanna, sternfast, tine shree. yanchyashi lagn karave asey vatate. george kosho. julia albertla aashvasan dete qee tee asey karnyapeksha aatmahatya karane pasant karel, parantu lavkarach eka santapt kathor upvasamule tyanna adthala yeto. julia paloon jaate, parantu nantar george teela bhetayala yeto. yaa jodila albert sameel hoto, joou juliashi asalele tyache sambandh todato aanee georgela nighun jaanyas sangato. julia teen divasant albertla tichya lagnachi mahitee dete aanee tyaeivaji too teela wiming navachya krishnavarniyakadun lagnacha prastav swikaranyas sangato.
shaharat asatana done krishnavarniy purush juliyachya jawal jaatat aanee teey tichi shree. yanchyashi olakh karoon detat. wimming. jevha tee ticha mitra ruthsobat jaanyacha prayatna karate, tevha george, gardisah, teela bhetato aanee gherato. kalya purushancha eka gut kathorpane bolanyacha prayatna karato, parantu nantar dangal aahe asey gruheet dharoon sainya disate. tichya sanrakshanasathi wiming juliala pakadato. julia aanee wiming jawalchya coverver pohochatat tyach prakare sainya golibar karate, georgela golya ghaloon thaar marnyasathi mage sodate.
sternfast wimingla sangato qee julia tichya lagnasathi tichya hatala runee aahe kaaran tyane teela vachavale. tyanantar too aaplya muleela wayamingshi lagn karnyas pravrutt karnyasathi amali padarth denyache tharvato aanee tyachi patni anichhene tyala madat karate. wiming aanee julia lagn karatat aanee nantar, wiming teela tyala aanghol kartana pahanyas bhag padate. juliala too tyacha chehara dhut nahee aanee tee tyala blackfacemadhye albert mhanoon olakhate toparyant tyala qaa samjat nahee. utsahamule julia beshuddha padate. yaa anandi jodpyachya punha ekatra yenyane kadambari sampate.
"daad memoires auph bogi bogan".
kadambarichya satvya aanee aathvya adhyayachya darmyan, bolokitan ektrikaranachya shaharat asatana eka pustak vikat gheto aanee teey purn vachanyasathi pudhe jaato. yaa kadambariche purn shirshak aahe "bogi boganchi aatmacharitre, jyat tyachya swatachya sharirat jhalelya yuddhacha, mansachya vegvegalya ranganchya kananmadhil aanee parinami jhalelya parinamacha tapasheel aahe", aanee tyache kathanak eka mulatto mansavar kendrit aahe jyache shareer, tyachya vanshik sthitimule, swataviruddha satat yuddh karat aahe. tyachya sharirache pandhare aanee kaale heey done gut tyachya sharirachya vividh pranalinmadhye tyanchya ladhaya ladhatat aanee uttar united states aanee dakshin united states yanchyatil haloohaloo vadhana tanavache heey upkhand thet roopak aahe jeey akheris american yadavi yuddhat ruju hoil. tyaa velee goryanna khoop bheeti vatanare heey antim vanshayuddh mhanoonahi vachale jaau shakate. 
prabhav.
holgetche kaam 19vya shatkachya suruvatichya united stateschya majboot purvgrahanvar aadharit aahe. yaa kadambarimadhye tivra vanshik tanavachi bhavna aanee apajanan honyachi bheeti samavisht aahe, jee tyaa kalachi pratinidhi aahe. ghran pranalivar kamache tivra laksh, pandhya lokanna itar "qamee" vanshanni moolbhootpane mage takale pahije yaa kalpanetoon nirman hote. thomas jefferson yanni 'varjiniyachya sthitivaril nondi' madhye eka samaan bhavna vyakt kelee hotih '[african vanshache] mutrapindadware qamee aanee tvachechya granthindware adhik srav karatat, jyamule tyanna khoop tivra aanee asahaneey gandh midato."vanshik shreshthatechya yaa kalpana byavachada astitvachya mahan sakhalishi jodalelya asatat aanee ashee bheeti hotee qee aantarvanshik sanghatana" aakadi nirman kartil jyaa kadachit kadhihi sampanar naheet parantu eka kinwa dusya jaatichya nashat."
holgetche nirmulanvirodhi chalvalishi drudh sambandh hote aanee teey tyanchya sampoorn kadambarimadhye gatachya drushtikonache samarthan karatat. pramukhyane, too nirmulanvadyanchya tikela/naitiktela yogya arth asalelya parantu aprabhavi asey label lavto aanee gulamgirichya kalat adhik anandi asalelya eka majee gulamache pradarshan karato. pahilya sandarbhamadhye, heey dusya mahan jagrutishi american nirmulanvadachya jawalchya sambandhanchya viruddha sthitee mhanoon pahile jaau shakate. dusare udaharan paramparik 'ankal tomm' aadarsh mhanoon vargikrut kele jaau shakate, jeey swatach harriot beacher stovechya 'ankal tomchya kebin' chaa sandarbh aahe aanee tyach navachya patrache tyachya pandhya malkanshi asalelya aadnyakari sambandhancha sandarbh aahe.
kadambariche moolbhut swaroop vyangyatmak pravas kathan, visheshtah jonathan swiftney lihilelya (jyacha tyanni kadambarichya suruvatila ullekh keela aahe) galivharchya pravasapramanech sanrachit kele aahe. tyacha nayak bolokitan yala vichitra aadarsh asalelya eka vichitra thikani thevun, lekhak tyachya swatachya kalpanankade nirdesh karato aanee tyachya virodhkanchya drushtikonachya kathit murkhpanachi khilli udavato.
daad liberator' madheel eka lekhat 'vilinikaran shahar' sarkhech kalpanik bhavishyachi ruparesha dilee gelee aahe, jyamadhye 'kaale aanee gore lock samajik sambhogat agadi sahajatene misalat hote."holgetche shahar heey eka varnadveshi mutt hote, tasech edward williams klechya vilinikaranvirodhi rajkiy vyangchitre hotee.
aitihasik sandarbh.
ektrikaran shaharat eka tatpurata mukkam' prakashit honyachya dishene jaananya varshanmadhye, americet vanshik tanav vadhat hota. 1831 madhye, nutt turnerne eka bandache netrutva kele, jyamule 51 gore lock marle gele, jyamule keval dakshinekadil pradeshatach navhe tarr sampoorn deshat vanshik tanav nirman jhaala. bhavishyatil uthav aanee raktapat honyachya bhitimule dakshinet nirmulanvirodhi bhavna vadhali. 1833 madhye, british sansadene gulamgiri nirmulan kayada lagoo keela jyache shirshak hote "sampoorn british vasahatinmadhye gulamgiri nirmulanasathi kayada; gulamanchya udyogala protsahan denyasathi; aanee asha gulamanchya sevansathi aataparyant patra asalelya vyaktinna nuksanbharpai denyasathi."yaa kayadyamule americet tanav nirman jhaala aanee uttarekadil rajyanna aasha hotee qee desh brittonchya aaghadiche anusaran karel aanee dakshinekadil rajye tyaviruddha ladhatil. 1833 madhye, william lloyd garrisonne american antislavary societychya sanghataneche netrutva kele, jyache paach varshant 250,000 sadasya hote. philadelphiya mahila gulamgirivirodhi sanstha-leukratia mooat, harriet forton parvis aanee grace bustill dugglus yanchya netrutvakhalil ekatmik nirmulanvadi gut-1835 madhye sthapan karnyat aala. yaa aanee itar nirmulan gatanni ektritpane 1835 madhye gulamgirivirodhi yachikansah kongresvar bombfake kelee. nirmulanvadi kriyakalapanmadhye vaadh jhalyamule yaa majkurasarkhya nirmulanvadi kinwa gulamgiri samarthak kriyakalap jhaale.
vishay.
dharm.
holgate sampoorn kathet dev aanee bayabalache anek sandarbh deto. holgate mhanatat qee nirmatyane kaale lock aanee pandhare lock yanchyavar "vegale rekhachitra" korale aahet, parantu manav yaa doghanche mishran karat aahet, jeey kathakar mhanato qee eka "naveen shodhalela prajati aahe, jyabaddal aaplya nirmatyala kahich mahitee nahee."lekhak baybalmadhil" aaplya shejanyavar prem qaraa "yaa vachanache anek sandarbhahi deto."haah parichhed samanyatah suvarn niyam mhanoonahi olakhala jaato.
ektrikaran prakriya dekhil eka dharm mhanoon sadar kelee jaate. hii prakriya charchmadhye hote aanee anuyayanna 'pavitra bandhutvamadhye diksha' dilee jaate."anuyayi kinwa shishyanna" dharmantarit "asehi sambodhale jaate."ukalanyachi prakriya khrishchan baptismyachya samantar dekhil asoo shakate, kaaran naveen sadasyanna punarjanmacha eka prakar mhanoon panyat snan kele jaate-" paanee aanee aatmyane."
holgatene baybalsambandhiche uddharan aanee sambandhit paddhatincha samavesh keela aahe, joou dusya mahan jagrutishi julato. tathapi, gulamivirodhi bhoomikemadhye nirmulanvadyanni khrishchan vaktavyacha vapar karane heey parinamkarak nahee asey yaa pustakat mhatale aahe. uttarekadil nirmulanvadyanni jyaa prakare muktila dharmik muddah banavale, tyavar haah thet prahar aahe. yaa kadambarimadhye asey kahee mudde aahet, jyat holgatene assa dawa keela aahe qee mishran heey khrishchan devacha upman aahe, tyamule holgetla ekach velee swatah dharm swikartana tyacha samavesh karnyapasoon uttarekade badnam karayache aahe, assa eka arth aahe. 
vanshik mishran.
vanshik mishranachi sankalpana hii yaa granthachya madhyavarti katha aanee "bogi bogan" yaa majkuratil kadambari yaa donhincha moolbhut gabha aahe."pahilyamadhye, katha swatach vanshik mishran sunishchit karnare shaharachya kayadyandvare, yala parvanagi denare amanaviy tantradnyan aanee agency, vanshik olakh aanee holgetchya jagane upasthit kelelya vanshik visheshadhikaranche prashna chalavate. "bogg bogan"-vanshikdrushtya mishrit asalelya eka manasachi sankshipt katha, jyache shareer tyachya vanshik sthitivarun swatashi yuddh karat aahe-eka katha pradan karate jyamadhye mishran heey sampoorn samuhikatesathi samasyapradhan aanee swabhavikpane aswasth asey donhi aahe. 
vansh mishran naisargik kase navhate heey spasht karnyasathi holgate jaivik farak, visheshtah sugandh vaparato. holgatene sampoorn kadambarimadhye kalya lokanna asalelya durgandhivar charcha kelee aahe aanee teey mhanatat qee jarr pandhya lokanna kalya lokanshi melamelavyas bhag padale gele tarr teey tyanche aarogya dhokyat ghalat aahet. yaa vasamule pandhya lokanmadhye ulatya hotat, tyamule tyanche lagn sampavoon teey swatahlach haanee pohochavat aahet. holgatene thet ullekh keela aahe qee, gore lock purvgrahane navhe tarr swabhavane tyanchya swatachya vanshala pradhanya detat.