
elderlychya kathavaril bhoogarbhshastra

brittenmadhil tricic valuchya dagadanchya abhyasasathiche eka utkrusht thikan cheshayarmadhil elderly kathavar aahe. 19vya shatkachya suruvatipasun teey aajparyantchya asankhya shastradnyanni yaa kshetracha abhyas keela aahe aanee brittonchya aaspaschya vidyapithansathi heey eka lokpriy kshetra aahe.
khandiy naisargik vayoo aanee petroleum sathyanchya swarupabaddalhi valuche dagad mahattvapoorn antardrushti pradan karatat.
namkaran.
ingraji tricicche namkaran 1980 chya dashakat punha lihile gele aanee aadhichya anek nave badalanyat aalee. bunter' aanee 'keyupar' yaa abhijat sandnya aata sodoon denyat aalya aahet aanee aata brittonchya tricic anukramamadhye olakhalya gelelya rachana teen pramukh starikrut ekake tayar karatatah
purvichya kamachi samaj rakhanyasathi, yogya cross sandarbh asaleli junie nave thikani vaparali jaatat.
itihas.
ulderlychya kathavaril bhoogarbhashastrane shekado varshanpasun serve kshetratil lokanna, shastradnyanna, khaan kamgaranna aanee paryatakanna aakarshit kele aahe. 1811 madhye bekvelane tyache varnan asey keleh
"hii tekadi pramukhyane kankari aanee mauu pandhya aanee laal valukashmane banaleli aahe, hii spashtapane jalodh nirmitichi aahe-pandhara rung goal chaturthansh dagdansah, laal rung abhrakachya kanansah misalalela aahe. kahee bhaganmadhye laal aanee pandhara valukashma jawaljawal starikrut disato, tarr itaranmadhye laal dagad pandhya rangala atishay patal staranmadhye chhedato aanee vividh dishanni fandya takto. pandhya valukashmat gallenacha lahan bhag mhanoon aanee valukashmat misalalelya tyach dandar sthiteet shiseche vividh dhatoo aadhaltat. itar thikani nile aanee tapkiri rangache kann vividh aakaranchya gatheet gola kele jaat asat aanee valuchya khadakat khadkansah pudingmadhye kisamisasarkhe antarbhut kele jaat asat."
1882 madhye ormeroadne 'daad histree auph cheshire' yaa tyachya pustakat mhatale aahe."
tyache varnan khalilpramane karah
"elderlychi dhaar hii eka achanak aanee unch parvatrang aahe, jee purvi prakashastambhachi jaaga hotee, jee mccullsfield tekadyanchya shrenipasoon nisargachya kahee mothya aakunchanane vegale jhaleli disate. shikharajaval cobalt dhatoo, shise aanee tambe qamee pramanat midale aahet. lagvadichi jameen, lakud aanee khadak yanchya aadharavar bajoo vaividhyapurn aahet aanee sampoorn vastuman sabhovatalachya serve jilhyanna eka lakshavedhi vastoo sadar karate jyavar tyachi sarvat vyapak shakyata aahe."
pradeshik rachana.
elderly valuche dagad heey lalbinduche abhijat sathe aahet, eka vishisht galyukt mukhbhag jeey paramparikaritya panthal purbhumi aanee shushk valvant yasarkhya sagari nasalelya sathavan vatavaranashi sambandhit aahe. teey cheshire khonyacha bhag aahet aanee tyanchya abhyasasathi hii kaath yukemadhil utkrusht kinarpattivaril bhaganpaiki eka aahe.
teey khandiy clastic naisargik vayoo aanee petroleum jalashayanmadhil vikrutiche swaroop aanee utkrantibaddal dekhil mahattvapoorn antardrushti pradan karatat, jase qee dakshin uttar samudra vayoo khoyatil rotaligend aanee lagatchya purv ayrish samudra khoyatil sherwood valukashma samoohache. cement kelelya cataclastic doshansathiche pratirup, jeey jalashayanche vibhagani karoo shakatat, teey elderly outcropmadhil vikrutee pattyanchya shrenidware changlya prakare pradarshit kele jaatat.
parmo-tricic kshitij.
tricic kalavadhichya suruvatiparyant, sumare 25 kotee 20 laakh varshanpurvi, permian kalatil zeckstein samudra mage sarkala hota aanee hawaman thode ole jhaale hote jyamule saumya sankraman jhaale hote jyamule uttar englandmadhye permian-tricic seema anishchit jhaali hotee kaaran europe khandapramane konatehi jivashma kshitij kinwa facies badal naheet jyamule nishchit vibhajan shakya hote. kshitijavar matra kinarpattichya sapat bhaganvar jamaa jhalelya laal marleschya (chunkhadi matiche dagad) kramane, tyanantar sherwood valukashma (purvi bunter valukashma) aahe. british bete' hii bete navhati, parantu panjiyamadhye aantarkhandiy sthan hote. aata gret brittonche pratinidhitva karnara bhag, pangeya firtana, 10°-20° uttar akshanshavar, sadhyachya sahara valvantachya akshanshaitake, uttarekade sarkat hota. alikadech unchavalelya bhukhandachya dhupamule deshachya dakshin aanee madhya bhagat aolian sathe tayar jhaale. lohyukt silika valukashma yaa donhiche auksidikaran karnyat aale aanee tyache laal rung aanee tyache naav, "naveen laal valukashma" denyasathi tyache punarbandhani karnyat aalee. tyaa kalatil british sathyanmadhye yaa laal khaata, jalodh, nadee aanee talavachya sathyancha samavesh aahe, jyat kahee uthal-panyache sagari aanee bashpibhavnache sathe aahet. heey permo-tricic outcrop peninschya donhi bajunna aanee devonmadhye disu shakatat. mukhya madhya ingland khonyat (staffordshire aanee cheshire), sathyanmadhye kankan valuche dagad aanee samooh (chester pebal bedd, wilmslow aanee wildmore sandstone) yanche varchasva aahe, jyancha arth changlya-bandist vahinyanmadhye chalana nadee pranaliche sathe assa keela gela aahe. sherwood valukashma samoohamadhye samooh, khadbadit valuche dagad aanee matiche dagad yancha samavesh aahe. elderlychya dakshinekadil chester kankan taley jalodh pankhe kinwa venee nadee pranalimadhye jamaa jhalelya samagriche pratinidhitva karatat. elderlychya paschimela wilmslow aanee hellsby valukashmatil sookshm gaal qamee cyanuocity vahinyanchya galyukt sathyanche pratinidhitva karatat. elderly kshetra heey sampoorn venee asaleli nadee pranali aanee qamee urja kshetra yanchyatil madhyabindu darshavate. vilamsalo valuchya dagadanmadhil lahan aolian tekadya aanee pravahatil bharav heey kahee chhotya nadee vahinyanche aantarvahinyanche kshetra kinwa hangami koradepana darshavtat.
loar tricic.
sherwood valukashma gatala mothya pramanavar varchya (purvichya kepper) aanee khalchya (purvichya bunter) unitmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate, vyapakpane manyataprapt intra-sherwood valukashma visangatichya patalivar kadachit sarvat varchya khalchya tricykmadhye hii visangati done agadi vegalya paryavaraniy pranalinna vegale karate. hii visangati madhya european/dakshin uttar sagari khonyachya kathorata visangatishi samatulya asalyache vyapakpane manale jaate, jaree yaa visangatiche vay europemadhye jaiv-sankhyiki nirdeshkandware maryadit nahee
intra-sherwood valukashma visangatikhali yaa sathyanmadhye pramukh venee nadee pranalichya puravyanche varchasva aahe, valoo aanee kankari elderly bhagat nenyasathi jababdar asalelya yaa nadee pranalila willsney (1970) budleghenesis nadee asey naav dile hote, devonmadhil badale salterton nantar, jithe tyache astitva pahilyanda sthapit jhaale hote.
paschim kinanyavaril khonyanmadhye nadee uttarekade vahate asey anek sanket aahet. elderly samoohanmadhye, francechya britneychya veriscan parvatanmadhye aadhalanaya eka strotatoon yakrutachya ranganche goal quartzite dagad aahet. kahee kankananmadhye sagari pranyanche sookshm jivashma (lingula lesuri aanee orthis budlehenesis) asatat, jeey kavchakar vastumanatil tyach srot kshetramadhye shodhale jaau shakatat.
carboniferous chunkhadichya dagadanche aanee purvichya tricic valuchya dagadanvar punarnirmit kelele dagad tyancha srot anukrame dakshin deron kshetratun aanee birminghamchya dakshines clent nirmiti asalyache darshavtat. yaa khadakanchya vitaranavarun aanakhi purave midatat, khonyachya dakshinekadil kathavaril dagadancha sarasari aakar uttarekadil dagadanpeksha lakshaniyaritya motha aahe, joou dakshinekadun yenanya panyachya pravahashi susangat aahe.
nadee pranali wessex khore, versester khore, vividh madhyabhoomi khonyanmadhun aanee elderly kshetrachya vayvyes purv ayrish samudra khonyat uttarekade vahate. dusari shakha bahudha purvekade dakshin uttar samudrat vahate. hii budlighensis nadee pranali samanyatah uttarekade nirdeshit paleocrant asalelya valuchya dagadanchya malikedware spasht hote, jyaa brittonchya madhya bhagasah dakshinepasun uttarekade asalelya reshevar shodhalya jaau shakatat.
pravahachya qamee pravah tappyanvar jamaa jhalelya cross-bedd valuche dagad, jaree pravah hangami asala taree, kadachit hii pranali alpakalin swarupachi hotee qaa yabaddal shanka aahe, kaaran madhya pradeshachya talachya settingsmadhye mothya pramanat asalelya aolian valuchya dagadancha tulanene qamee purava aahe, asey sanket aahet. heey spasht aahe qee carboniferous chunkhadisarkhi adhik sthanik srot asaleli samagri aanee birminghamchya agadi dakshinekadil clent nirmitipasoon purvichya tricic valukashmavar punarbandhani kelele dekhil nadee pranalinche mahattvache ghatak hote kaaran teey uttarekade vahatat jyamule khonyachya kathanchya aaramabaddal kahee sanket midatat.
tricykchya akheris, samudrachi patali punha ekada vadhali aanee vasant rututil unch bharati aanee kinadhyavarchya jordar vanyanmule yenanya niyatkalik puramule kinanyavar kharat khaare kinwa sabhache vatavaran tayar jhaale. yaa khanyanmadhun tivra bashpibhavnamule carbonate-sulfate sankul aanee northwichmadhil elderlechya nairutyela disana jaad hallite khaata, jethe meeth vyavsayikdrushtya utkhanan kele jaate, tethe paus padala. yaa prakarchya vatavaranatach mercia mudstone gut (purvi keyupar marl) jamaa karnyat aala hota.
yaa pradeshatil sherwood aanee mercia mudstone gatanmadhil rachanancha kram, khandiy nadimukhatun tribhuj aanee kinarpattichya sagari aanee shevati mercia mudstone samoohachya atisardra talavatil samudra vatavaranakade honare varchya dishene honare sankraman spashtapane spasht karato.
elderly sandstones.
varchya vibhaganimadhye (ex-cooper) khalchya (ex-bunter) bhagache asanyojitpane anusaran kele jaate. varcha bhag khoop jaad asato aanee sheshayarmadhil jaadi sumare 1250 meetarparyant pohochate, sthanik patalivar ektrit, parantu tyat pramukhyane panyatil bareek valuchya dagadancha samavesh asato.
19vya shatkachya madhyat, william smithsarkhya bhuvaidnyanikanni pathpradarshak tharavalelya naveen nakashanchya paddhatincha vapar karoon deshachya staranche praman nishchit karnyasathi kelelya pahilya vastavik prayatnanmule yaa kshetramadhil ruchi utsahat vadhali. tyaa kalatil kshetrache aarthik moolya heey elderlychi tapshilvar tapasani karnyas karanibhoot tharate. bhoogarbhiy lakudtod aanee sanshodhanasathi boarholecha vapar suru jhaala, tarr purvi teey fakt vihirinsathi vaparale jaat hote, jyat khalee dilelya khadakachya vastavik bhoogarbhiy rachnemadhye vastavik rus navhata. 1894 madhye, eka boarhole prushthbhagachya 280 phoot khalee budala aanee staranchi vaidnyanik paddhatine nond karnyat aalee. haah borehole, isac massie (aine. jee. aar. ess. keey. 84237819) haah tyaa bhagache bhoogarbhshastra samajoon ghenyacha pahila gambhir prayatna hota. tevhapasoon haah bhag adhik tapshilvar sanshodhanacha vishay rahila aahe aanee ajunahi khore tayar karane aanee khanijikaran prakriyesathi anek sanket pradan karato. mool borehole aajchya mankannusar kachche hote parantu tyane elderly kshetrachya khalchya staranche vihangavalokan dile.
aata wilmslow rachana (sherwood valukashma gatacha bhag), khalcha tricic purvi teen putt vibhag hota, khalcha chittakarshak valukashma, kankan khaata aanee varcha chittakarshak valukashma (fakt nantarcha elderly yethe disato), joou varchya tricykchya samoohat villin jhaala. varcha thipkavlela valukashma-aata khalcha vilamslo sadasya-eka madhyam teey khadbadit danedar, bhakkam-bedyukt, pandhya rangachya achanak badalana, pandhya rangachya rangane bhajalela valukashma aahe. heey pramukhyane golakar danyanni banalele asate parantu up-aayatakruti daane dekhil aadhaltat. samanyatah khadkamadhye susangatata nasate aanee 6 meetarparyant valumadhye hawaman nasate aanee hawaman nasalela khadakahi sahajpane valumadhye chiradoon takala jaau shakato. tathapi, jawaljawal dosh, barretche bhoot sphatik valukashma katheen aanee pratirodhak banavtat.
qamee valuche dagad.
khalchya valukashma (varchya khadkal valukashma) chee purn jaadi 305 meater asate, samanyatah kahee pandhya pattyansah laal tapkiri rung, jyamule tyala tyache naav milate, heey patte anekada sendriya kendrakanshi sambandhit asatat. valukashma done bhinn prakarancha asato, eka chamakdar gadad laal jyala aakarachi valoo mhanatat aanee eka fikat fikat valukashma. dhalani valoo haah dhalaniche sanche tayar karnyasathi foundry udhyogat vaparlyanantar tyala mhanatat. varr vishranti ghetalele eka samooh aahe, jyachi jaadi 30 meater hote; teey engine vhen samooh aahe. heey samooh koneey danyachya valoone banalele aahet jeey chakriy kramane thewale gele hote. haah kram teen kinwa chaar chakrancha varchya dishene dandatmak kram aahe.
elderlychya kathavar itar teen mukhya khaata disatatah
yaa bhaganchya aagneyela aanakhi done lahan khaata disatat, 9 meater jaadicha eka cycle samooh/valukashma/marl jyala brino samooh mhanatat aanee eka antim munch joou brino samoohavar aahe aanee tyala nether elderly valukashma asey naav denyat aale aahe. khalchya elderly valukashmavar 300 meater jaadiche martia matiche dagad aahet, parantu heey fakt khalchya maidani bhagat disatat, hya khaata bhagatach hallite aahe.
laal khadkal chikhalat chikatane heey done mukhya prakar aahe,
lohyukt rangdravye pratyek danyachya prushthbhagavar bareek pasaravali jaatat aanee khadakachya agadi qamee takkevarisathi tee karanibhoot asatat. asey manale jaate qee jethe khadak prathamik kinwa duyyam karananmule rakhadi kinwa rakhadi hirwa asato, tethe sathavan darmyan auxide rasayanikdrushtya kadhoon taknyat aala aahe aanee asha prakare galatil khanijancha kharaa rung ughad keela jaato. sakriy tattva adyap adnyat aahe.
samooh.
khalchya tricic clastic galanpaiki bahutansh gaal uttar francemadhil veriscan strot kshetratun ugam pavala asoon tyat kirkol sthanik input aahe. kahee elderlychya kathavaril samoohanmadhye, purvekade penin blockmadhun ugam pavnari samagri asate. sthanik moolchya guthalya asalele stanpitt, khonyachya kathanvar changlya prakare vikasit kele jaatat aanee sathavan khonyachya simevaril dongral bhagatoon baher padananya vadinchya tondavarche kankariche pankhe mhanoon tyancha arth lavala jaato. itar lock kavachyukt vastumanatun ugam pavana shaktishali nadee pranalidware lamb pallyachi nadee vahtook darshavtat. besal samooh heey katheen valukashmapasun banalele asatat jyat koneey daane asatat. elderlychya kathavar junction khoopach tikshna aahe, tee eka visangati manali jaau shakate. tathapi, aantar-ankikaran heey ekhadya visangativiruddha saksh denyapramane aadhalate. varchya chittakarshak valukashmachi serve vaishishtye darshavinare nakashat aanata yenyajoge khate samoohanchya done moolbhut khaata darmyan aadhaltat.
samooh samanyatah madhyam teey bareek danedar tapkiri teey buff valukashma asato jyamadhye abhrakachya vikhuralelya guthalya asalelya koneey teey up-koneey daane asatat; teey eka changla bandhkam dagad banavate. samooh anukramachya moolbhut bhagat aadhaltat aanee shale band jeey sookshm asatat teey sarvoch khaata madhye aadhaltat. pradeshikdrushtya pahata, samooh aparivartaniy asalyache disate. jilhyachya dakshin tokajaval jithe jameen pravahane jhakaleli nahee, tethe teen samoohanche nakashe kadhale jaau shakatat. talashi aanee sarvat mahatvache bahutek dagad asatat-quartz aanee quartzites, jyat adhunmadhun aanee kvachitach kahee agnimay asatat. heey madhyam teey khadbadit danyachya valuchya rachnet seet kele jaatat. dagad 100 miimii paryant lamb asoo shakatat.
jilhyachya varchya bhagat 6 meater jaad madhyam teey bareek valukashma asalelya mothya khamb aahet, jeey chocolate rangachya shelsdware vegale kele jaatat, jeey sookshm asatat. bhandi changlya tagachi asatat aanee anekada bandhkamasathi khodoon kadhaleli asatat, fakt adhunmadhunach tee khotee tagachi asatat.
besal samooh doshanmule vibhaganmadhye kapla jaato aanee gavapasoon 3 kiimii antaravar asalelya tekadichya mathyaparyant samanya purvechya dishene shodhala jaau shakato. too sumare 20 meater jaad aahe aanee kathachya varchya bhagasah khadakanmadhye modala gela aahe. tee paschim-nairutyela 8°-14° konat budate.
marl.
samanyatah panthal dagadanpramanech marlmadhye galyukt prakar asatat parantu qamee rangeet aanee adhik argilasius samagrisah asatat. aniyamit ly spasht aahe, pratyek galchakra changle vikasit aahe aanee talavar pattya kinwa pattya aahet. yaa pattyachya staramadhyech suryachya cracksarkhi vaishishtye aadhaltat. taranganchya khuna qamee samanya aahet parantu tyaa uthal panyat sathanyacha purava aahet. kadhikadhi sapadalelya pittingcha sambandh pavasachya pittingshee jodala gela aahe parantu koradya padnyachya darmyan marleschya vayoo-nirmulan darmyan ghadale asave. pattankit star jeey laal kinwa rakhadi asoo shakatat teey avarodhit anirdisht chikhalat jaatat (tutalele aanee ektrikaran karnyapurvi punarvasan karanyachi parvanagi).
tricicanantarche patane.
elderlymadhil pramukh dosh jawaljawal nishchitpane trutiyak vayache aahet, tyanchi nirmiti cheshire khonyachya eka dumadanyachya bhaganantar hote. done pramukh dosh, donhi samanya, heey elderly aanee kirkledich aahet.
sansadhane.
keyupar imaraticha laal mukt dagad sampoorn uttar aanee paschim keshayarmadhil imarati aanee pulanmadhye parichit aahe. heey sahajpane utkhanan kele jaate aanee mothya mukt ubhe thokale tayar hotat aanee utkhanan kartana mauu asale taree havamanachya samparkat aalyavar tyat kadak honyacha darja asato. imarat dagad keyupar valukashmatil madhyam danyachya mothya valuchya dagadanchya vishisht shilalekhache pratinidhitva karato aanee nehmich tantotant tyach kshitijavar asoo shakat nahee. jilhyachya uttarekadil bhagat utkhanan kelela khadak kahee pramanat uttarela nasht honanya elderlychya kathachya samoohanchya bajukadil samatulya asanyachi shakyata aahe. aaj konatehi mahattvache kaam karnare khaan naheet, parantu yaa parisarat anek junya khanya aahet.
valoo aanee khadee.
bandhkamasathi cheshire kshetrachya bhovati madhyam valuchya mothya sathevar mothya pramanat kaam kele gele aahe, teey swachchh tikshna valupasoon teey chikanmatichya tharans kahise chikanmatichya satheparyant bhinn aahet. elderly yethe kadhihi mothya pramanat utkhanan kele jaat nasale taree, mukhya bhagatil varchya khadkal valukashma valusathi utkhanan karnyaitka visangat aahe aanee kathajavalachya kathavaril khandakachya payathyashi mothe sathe upalabdh aahet.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila jawalchya mclesfieldmadhye foundrisathi sache bandhanyachya uddeshane elderlychya kathavar disanari laal valoo (salavanari valoo) mothya pramanat vaparali jaat asey.
tambyacha dhatoo.
arther russell, jyane kinarpattichya bhoogarbhshastravar, pramukhyane khankamasandarbhat, suruvatiche barechase kaam kele, too mhanala, "[kitee dhatoo upalabdh aahe yacha andaj lavane dekhil ashakya aahe, heey nishchitpane mhatale jaau shakate qee kaksh aanee drivechya bhintinmule sumare daha hazar tunn dhatuche utpadan hoil, jeey tambyachya sarasari 1.3% asel. ... adhik nishchit vidhan kele jaau shakat nahee kaaran dhatoo keval kamkajachya bajunna ughad keela jaato aanee purvi sarvat shrimantanna anusaranari pranali 'avarodhit' keleli nahee... garib khadak ubha thevun garbhadharana karane. heey vidhan aaj titkech kharey aahe jitke jevha dhatuchya padarthanche vitaran lihile jaate aanee sookshm prasaramule achook parimanatmak vishleshan katheen hote. prasaramule dhatuche kaam aarthikdrushtya avyavharya hoil. arthshastrachya pudhe hii vastusthiti aahe qee bahutansh kshetra rashtriy vishvast mandalachya malakiche aahe aanee tyachya bhoogarbhiy mulyasathi tyala sarkarne ess. ess. ess. aay. (vishesh aanee vaidnyanik swarasya asalele thikan) mhanoon niyukt kele aahe
barty.
beraitcha vapar vegvegala aahe aanee teey eka maulyavan khanij aahe. elderly yetheel bahutek valukashma baraitik aahe; sadhya konatihi vyavsayik kshamata nahee kaaran valukashmatun barite kadhane khoop mahag asel.
jivashma.
tyaveli vatavaran jivanasathi anukool navhate, tyamule thode jivashma sapadale aahet. valukashmatil marl lensmadhye euestheria jaatiche adhunmadhun sookshm crustatians aadhalale aahet.
paschimekade kahee kilometer aanee pudhe wirelchya tricic outcropschya dishene, jithe paristhiti koradi hotee, keetak aanee lahan prushthavanshiy pranyanche payathye aanee marg, jyat rayankosaur aanee chirotherium yancha samavesh aahe, teey olakhale gele aahet.