tokugawa yoshinobu

rajkumar haah japanchya tokugawa shogunetcha 15 vaa aanee shevatcha "shogun" hota. too eka chalvalicha bhag hota jyacha uddesh vruddha shogunetmadhye sudharana karane hota, parantu shevati too ayashasvi tharala. kahee rajkiy prabhav kayam thevanyachya uddeshane tyanni 1867 chya uttaradhat shogun mhanoon aaplya padacha rajinama deela. 1868 chya suruvatila toba-fushimichya ladhait jhalelya parabhavanantar heey prayatna ayashasvi jhalyanantar, too nivrutt jhaala aanee urvarit ayushyabhar too mothya pramanat janateche laksh talhat rahila.
prarambhik jeevan.
tokkugawa yoshinobucha janm idomadhye tokugawa nariyakicha satva mulga mhanoon jhaala, joou mitocha "diamyo" hota. mito heey tokugawa kulatil teen shakha kutumbanpaiki eka 'gosanke' hote, jeey 'shogun' mhanoon nivadle jaanyas patra hote. tyache janm naav matsudaira shichiromaro (nava-pui) hote, tyachi aaee, rajkumari arisugava yoshiko, arisugava-noow-miah yaa shahee kutumbatil eka cadett shakhecha sadasya hotee; tichya madhyamatoon, too tatkalin samrat ninkocha tisra chulat bhau (ekada kadhoon takalela) hota. shichiromaroche sangopan kadak, sparton dekhrekh aanee prashikshanakhali karnyat aale. tyache vadil nariyaki heey roji mito daimyo, tokugawa mitsukuni (1661-1690) chey udaharan anusaran kareet hote, jyane aaplya serve mulanna pahilya mulanantar mitomadhye vadhavanyasathi pathavale hote. 1838 madhye mito yethe aalyavar shichiromaro saat mahinyancha hota. tyala sahityik aanee marshal arts shikavale gele, tasech kodakan yethe rajkaran aanee sarkarchya tattvanche thos shikshan midale.
tyachya vadilanchya preranene, shogunetmadhye yashasvi honyachi adhik changli sandhee midavi yasathi hitotsubashi-tokugawa kutumbane shichiromarola dattak ghetale aanee tyache pahile naav badaloon (<unk>) kele. too 1847 madhye kutumbacha pramukh banala, tyach varshi too motha jhaala, tyala darbaratil padd aanee padvi midali aanee tyane yoshinobu heey naav ghetale. 1858 madhye 13 vya "shogun", isadachya mrutyunantar, yoshinobula sambhavya uttaradhikari mhanoon namankit karnyat aale. tyanchya samarthakanni kautumbik vyavhar hatalanyatil tyanche kaushalya aanee karyakshamta dakhavun dilee. matra, dusra navsuke yachya netrutvakhalil virodhi gut vijayi jhaala. tyancha umedvar, tarun tokugawa yoshitomi nivadala gela aanee too too "shogun" imochi banala. tyanantar lagechach, ansai shuddikaranachya velee, yoshinobu aanee tyala pathimba pathimba itaranna najarkaidet thevanyat aale. yoshinobu yanna swatah hitotsubashi pramukhpadavarun nivrutt karnyat aale.
rojichyyaa tokugawa sarkarchya varchasvacha kaal gairvyavasthapana aanee rajkiy antargat sangharshane chinhankit jhaala. 1860 madhye rojichyyaa hatyenantar, yoshinobula hitotsubashi kutumbacha pramukh mhanoon punha niyukt karnyat aale aanee 1862 madhye tyala hitotsubashi kutumbacha pramukh mhanoon namankit karnyat aale, tyanantar lagechach tyala heey padd midale. tyach velee, tyache done jawalche mitra, matsudaira yoshinaga aanee matsudaira katamori yanchi itar uchch padanvar niyukti karnyat aalih yoshinaga mhanoon, katamori mhanoon. tyanantar yaa tighanni kyoto bhagatil rajkiy ashantata shant karnyasathi anek pavale uchalali aanee bandkhor choshu kshetrachya karvayancha samna karnyasathi mitramandalanna ekatra kele. shogunet aanee shahee darbar yanchyat salokha sadhanyasathi prayatna balkat "kobu gattai" rajkiy pakshamadhye teey mahattvapoorn vyaktimatva hote.
1864 madhye, yoshinobune, shahee rajvadyachya sanrakshanacha senapati mhanoon, shahee rajvadyavar kabja karnyachya tyanchya prayatnat, jyala 'kinman' ghatana mhanatat, choshu sainyacha parabhav keela. aizu-satsuma aaghadichya sainyachya vaparane heey sadhya jhaale.
"shogun" (1866-1867).
1866 madhye tokugawa imochichya mrutyunantar, yoshinobula tyachya jaagi nivadanyat aale aanee too 15 vaa "shogun" banala. aapala sampoorn karyakal eedochya baher ghalavanara too ekmev tokugawa "shogun" hotah tyane kadhihi eedo killyat "shogun" mhanoon paay thewale naheet. yoshinobuchya "shogun" mhanoon aarohananantar lagechach mothe badal suru karnyat aale. tokugawa sarkarla balkat balkat sudharana suru karnyasathi mothya pramanavar sarkari durusti karnyat aalee. visheshtah, roji french samrajyachya madatine, leones varnichya netrutvakhali yokosuka shastragar bandhanyat aale aanee bakufuchya sainyache aadhunikikaran karnyasathi french lashkari mohimeche pathvanyat aale.
tokugavachya netrutvakhali aadhich sthapan jhaleli rashtriy seena aanee naudal, russiananchya madatine aanee british shahee naudalane puravalelya tracy mohimedware majboot karnyat aalee. united stateskadoonhi upkarane kharedi karnyat aalee hotee. anekancha drushtikon assa hota qee tokugawa shogunet naveen shakti aanee shaktichya dishene vatchal karat hote; tathapi, teey eka varshapeksha qamee kalavadhit kosalale.
bosheen yuddh (1868-69).
eka majboot aanee shahanya shasakachya netrutvakhali tokugawa shogunetche nutanikaran honyachya bhitine, satsuma, choshu aanee tosa yetheel samurai yanni tyacha samna karnyasathi yutee kelee. sonno joee' ('samratacha aadar qaraa, anacharyanna baher kadha!") navya" "shogun" "chya bhitisah, joou" "iyasucha punarjanm" "(сис син согун) joou samratachi satta balkavane suru thewel, tyanni shogunetcha ant ghadavun aananyasathi kaam kele, jaree teey tyanchya drushtikonat bhinn hote". visheshtah, tosa adhik madhyamvargiy hota; tyane eka tadjod prastavit kelee jyamadhye yoshinobu "shogun" mhanoon rajinama deil, parantu vividh "demyos" neey banalelya naveen rashtriy prashasakeey parishadeche adhyakshapad bhushavel. yasathi, tosacha swami yamanochi toyonori yane tyacha sallagar goto shojiro yachyabarobar yoshinobula heey shakya karnyasathi rajinama denyachi vinanti kelee.
9 november 1867 roji yoshinobune samratala aapala rajinama deela aanee daha divasannantar aupcharikpane rajinama deela aanee samratala shasanachi satta parat kelee. tyanantar too kyotohoon osakala nighun gela. tathapi, satsuma aanee choshu yanni 'demyos' chya prashasakeey parishadela pathimba deela, taree yoshinobune tyache netrutva karnyas virodh keela. tyanni guptapane yoshinobuviruddha balacha vapar karnyache aavahan karnara shahee hukum prapt keela (nantar banavat asalyache darshavile gele) aanee mothya sankhyene satsuma aanee choshu sainya kyotomadhye halavale. shahee darbarat eka baithak bolavali gelee, jyat yoshinobune aakramak kinwa gunhegari mhanoon samajoo shakanari konatihi karvai kelee nasatanahi serve haqq aanee jameen kadhoon ghenyat aalee. jyanni yala virodh keela asata, tyancha yaa baithakit samavesh navhata. yoshinobune yaa kruteela virodh keela aanee shahee darbarat pohochavanyasathi nishedh sandesh tayar keela; aizu, kuwana aanee itar kshetranchya netyanchya aagrahavar aanee kyotomadhil satsuma aanee choshu sainyachya prachand sankhyechya prakashat, tyane haah sandesh darbarat pohochavanyasathi sainyacha eka motha gut pathavala.
jevha tokugawa sainya kyotochya baher pohochale, tevha tyanna pravesh nakarnyat aala aanee satsuma aanee choshu sainyane tyanchyavar hallah keela, jyamule bosheen yuddhachi pahili ladhai, toba-fushimichi ladhai suru jhaali. tokugawa sainyala sankhyecha eka vegala fayda asala taree, yoshinobune jevha satsuma aanee choshu sainyane shahee zenda uchalalyache lakshat aale tevha tyane ladhaidarmyan aapale sainya sodoon dile aanee edola paloon gela. tyane swatahla aichchhik bandivasat thewale aanee shahee darbarat aapale samarpan darshavile. tathapi, eka shantata karar jhaala jyamadhye tokugawa kutumbatil eka shakhecha tarun pramukh, tayashu kamenosukela dattak ghenyat aale aanee tyala tokugawa kutumbacha pramukh karnyat aale; 11 april roji, ido killa shahee sainyachya tabyat denyat aala aanee shahar sarvasamaveshak yuddhapasun vachale.
kamenosuke (jyane tokugawa isato heey naav ghetale) sobat yoshinobu shizuakala gela. tokugawa shogunetche sansthapak tokugawa iyasu heey dekhil shatakanpurvi shizuakamadhye nivrutt jhaale hote. isatola naveen shizuoka kshetrache "daimyo" banavale gele, parantu kahee varshannantar jevha kshetra radd karnyat aale tevha heey shirshak gamavale. sattadhari shogun mhanoon aapale sthan gamavalyanantarhi, yoshinobune aaplya mulachya isatochya rajkiy karkirdila protsahan denyacha prayatna keela jenekarun too japani shahee darbarat sarvoch patalicha prabhav prapt karoo shakel aanee junya jagachya japan aanee aadhunik udayonmukh japan yanchyat deshantargat aanee aantarrashtriy staravar eka pool mhanoon dekhil kaam karoo shakel. daad aart auph peace' yaa shirshakane rajkumar tokugawa isato yanchya sachitra charitrat vadil aanee mulamadhil jawalche naate adhorekhit kele aahe. 
anek 'hatamoto' dekhil shizuakamadhye sthalantarit jhaale; tyanchyapaiki mothya pramanala swatahla sambhalanyasathi purese sadhan sapadale nahee. parinami, tyanchyapaiki anekanna yoshinobucha raag aala, tyapaiki kahinna too marava asey vatat hote. yoshinobula yachee jaaniv hotee aanee tyala hatyechi itaki bheeti vatat hotee qee tyane konatyahi sambhavya sambhavya gondhalat taknyasathi tyachya zopechya vyavasthechi punarrachana kelee.
nantarche jeevan.
shant nivruttiche jeevan jaganare yoshinobu teel chitrakala, cudo (tirandaji), shikar, chhayachitran aanee cycle chalvane yasah anek chhandanmadhye guntalele hote. yoshinobuchi kahee chhayachitre alikadchya varshant tyacha panajo yoshitomo yane prakashit kelee aahet. tyacha dusra panjoba, mito vanshacha yasuhisa tokugawa, haah yasuni mandiratil majee mukhya pujari aahe aanee sadhya kokusai budoincha (imaf) kaicho aahe.
1902 madhye, samrat mejine tyala japanchya nishthavan sevesathi, rajkumar ("koshaku") yaa pirejmadhil sarvoch padasah tokugawa shakha ("bekke") mhanoon swatache ghar punha sthapit karanyachi parvanagi dilee. tyane samvayaskanchya gharat aasan ghetale aanee 1910 madhye rajinama deela. tokugawa yoshinobu 21 november 1913 roji 16:10 yethe maran pavala aanee tyala tokiyochya yanaka smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale.
9 janewari 1896 roji, tyachi navvi mulgi sunamiko tokugawa (1882-1939) hiney samrat shova aanee samradnyi kojun yaa doghanchahi chulat bhau aanee rajkumar qaan 'inn kotohitocha putanya rajkumar fushimi hiroyasushi vivah keela.
26 december 1911 roji tyanchi naat kikoko tokugawa yancha janm jhaala. tine rajkumari takamatsu honyasathi samrat shovacha bhau rajkumar takamatsushi vivah keela.
yoshinobuchya "bakufu" chey yug.
jyaa varshant yoshinobu "shogun" hota tee varshe ekapeksha jaast yuganchya navane kinwa "nengo" dware adhik spashtapane olakhali jaatat.
kutumb.
tyacha natoo tokugawa hiromi yane march 1938 madhye shahee japani naudal akadamichya 65 vya vargacha bhag mhanoon padvi prapt kelee. 12 julai 1943 roji, roji mahayuddhadarmyan, solmon betanvaril gwadalkenaljawalachya apariharya samudradhunimadhye vidhvansakane tyachya panbudivar golibar keela tevha too marla gela. goline tokugawa aanee done soochibaddha shodhakanna khalee utaravale, parantu panbudi dubki maranyat aanee paloon jaanyat yashasvi jhaali. tokugawa yanna maranottar leftnunt commander padavar badhati denyat aalee.

