samajik sanrakshn

sanyukt rashtranchya samajik vikas sanshodhan sansthene paribhashit kelyapramane samajik sanrakshn heey lokanchya kalyanavar viparit parinam pradan paristhitinna pratibandh karane, tyanche vyavasthapan karane aanee tyavar maat karane yanchyashi sambandhit aahe. samajik sanrakshanachi dhorane aanee karyakram heey karyaksham kamgar bajarpethela protsahan deuun, lokanchya jokhaminshi sampark qamee karoon aanee berojgari, bahishkar, aajarpan, apangatva aanee vruddhatva yasarkhya aarthik aanee samajik jokhaminche vyavasthapan karanyachi tyanchi kshamata vadhavun garibi aanee asurakshitata qamee karnyasathi tayar kelele asatat. adhik samanatela protsahan denyachya uddeshane sanyukt rashtranchya shashvat vikasachya 10 vya uddishtanpaiki heey eka aahe.
samajik sanrakshanache sarvat samanya prakar
itihas.
paramparikpane, european kalyankari rajya aanee vikasit jagachya itar bhaganmadhye samajik sanrakshanacha vapar vishisht jivanman rakhanyasathi aanee kshanik garibi door karnyasathi keela gela aahe. rajyane puravalelya samajik sanrakshanachya pahilya udaharananpaiki eka roman samrat trajankade jaau shakate, jyane samrajyatil adhik garib nagarikancha samavesh karnyasathi mofat dhanyasathicha karyakram vistarla. yavyatirikt, tyanni garib mulanna madat karnyasathi sarvajanik nidhichi sthapana kelee. kelee shatkachya uttaradhaparyant aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatiparyant sanghatit kalyan samanya navhate. yach kalat germany aanee gret britton yaa donhi deshanmadhye kamgar varganna lakshya karnyasathi kalyankari pranali sthapan karnyat aalya (rashtriy vima pahaa). anek varshannantar, mahamandichya kalat, sarvat jaast fatka basalelya lokanna aapatkalin dilasa united statesney deela. tathapi, aadhunik samajik sanrakshn heey anek vyapak samasyanvar aanee uddishtanvar aadharit jhaale aahe; aata vikasansheel deshanmadhye, satatchya daridryachya samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi aanee sanrachanatmak karananna lakshya karnyasathi, dhoranatmak drushtikon mhanoon tyacha vapar keela jaat aahe. shivay, keval aakasmik paristhitipasun nishkriy sanrakshn pradan karnyaivaji, praptakartyanna daridryatun baher kadhanyasathi tyachi rachana karnyat aalee aahe. vikasansheel deshanmadhil (mukhytah aafriket) garibi aanee dukkh qamee karnyachya aanee shevati door karnyachya prayatnat samajik sanrakshanacha jalad vapar keela jaat aahe, jenekarun aarthik aanee samajik vikasala chalana milel.
prakar.
kamgar bajarpethetil hastakshep.
sakriy aanee nishkriy asha donhi dhoranancha samavesh asalelya kamgar bajarpethetil hastakshepamule, rojgar midvanyas saksham asalelya garibanna sanrakshn milate. berojgari vima, utpann samarthan aanee kamgar kayadyatil badal yasarkhe nishkriy karyakram, berojgaranchya aarthik garja qamee karatat parantu tyanchi rojgarakshamta sudharanyasathi tayar kelele naheet. dusarikade, sakriy karyakram kamgar bajarpethet berojgar kamgaranchi thet pravesh vadhavnyavar laksh kendrit karatat.
sakriy kamgar bajar dhorananchi (elumps) done moolbhut uddishte aaheth (1) berojgaricha dhoka qamee karoon, berojgaranchi nokri shodhanyachi kshamata vadhavun aanee tyanchi kamai kshamata, utpadakta aanee utpann vadhavun aarthik; aanee (2) samajik samaveshan aanee utpadak rojgaratil sahbhag sudharun samajik. asha prakare yaa karyakramanche uddisht rojgarachya sandhee vadhavane aanee anekada uchch berojgarisah berojgarisah samajik samasyanche nirakaran karane heey aahe.
sakriy dhorane haah sankramankalin arthvyavasthanmadhil audhyogik punarrachaneche nakaratmak parinam ulatavanyacha aanee kamgar bajarapasun door asalelya asurakshit lokanna ektrit karnyat madat karnyacha eka marg aahe. tyanna anekada dirghakalin berojgar, garib kutumbatil kamgar aanee kamgar bajarpethetil tote asalelya vishisht gatanna lakshya kele jaate.
chalak prakalpacha bhag mhanoon european unionchya anudanit sanshodhanatun eka resheey khulasa jhaala
rashtriy sakriy kamgar bajar dhorananmadhil guntavanuk (visheshtah asurakshit gatanna rojgarat ektrit karnyachya dishene nirdeshit) aanee kamacha darja yanchyatil sambandh. tyat asey aadhalun aale qee, kamgar bajarpeth dhoran adhik sakriy asalelya european deshanmadhye aarogyadayi, qamee tanatanav asalelya kamachya jaaga aahet.
sakriy kamgar bajar karyakramanmadhye rojgar aanee utpadakta vadhavanyasathi vividh prakarchya upkramancha samavesh hoto, jase keeh
vikasansheel deshantil kamgaranchya mothya bhagacha samavesh asalelya anaupacharik arthvyavasthecha samavesh kassa karava haah kamgar bajarpethetil yashasvi hastakshepanchya amalbajavanitil eka samanya muddah aahe. yapaiki bahutansh deshanmadhye bigger-krishi rojgarachya ardhya teey teen chaturthansh anaupacharik rojgaracha samavesh aahe. jevha sheticha vichar keela jaato tevha anaupacharik rojgarache praman vadhate. bahutek anaupacharik kamgaranna samajik suraksha yojana, vyavsayik suraksha aanee aarogya upay, kamkajachya paristhitichya niyamancha laabh milat nahee aanee tyanna aarogya seva aanee samajik sanrakshanachya kamashi sambandhit upayayojananmadhye maryadit pravesh aahe. anaupacharik arthvyavasthetil vyavsayik aanee samajik jokhim rokhanyasathi aanee tyachi bharpai karnyasathi kamgar bajarpethetil hastakshep vividh dhorane ektrit karnyasathi kaam karatat. jokhimancha parinam rokhanyasathi aanee qamee karnyasathichya upayayojanancha samavesh asaleli dhorane sarvat prabhavi aahet.
sarvasadharanpane, kamgar bajar dhoranavaril (ell. emm. pii.) hastakshepavaril sarvajanik kharch teen mukhya shreninmadhye yetoh
prashikshan (2)
nokarichi ferbadali aanee nokarichi vibhagani (3),
rojgar protsahan (4),
samarthit rojgar aanee punarvasan (5),
thet rojgar nirmiti (6),
start-up protsahan (7),
kamabaherchya utpannachi dekhbhal aanee samarthan (8),
lavkar nivrutti (9)
samajik vima.
samajik vima yojana heey yogdanatmak karyakram aahet jeey haptyanchya niyamit deyakanchya badalyat labharthyanna vinashkari kharchanpasun sanrakshn detat. aarogya kharch khoop jaast asoo shakato, tyamule aarogya vima yojana haah dhakka basalyas dhoka qamee karnyacha eka lokpriy marg aahe. tathapi, qamee utpann asalelya vyaktila vima parvadanar nahee. vima yojananna samajik sahayya midale pahije, assa kahee lokancha yuktivad aahe. visheshtah qamee utpann asalelya deshanmadhye, jithe sansthatmak kshamata, jokhim-pooling aayojit karnyasathi khoop kamkuvat aahe, asha thikani samuday-aadharit aarogya vima ektrit karnyas parvanagi deto, jyamule vima adhik parvadanara hoto. jokhim-samayikaran yojnanmadhye, vima haptyacha labharthi aajari padnyachya aanee garajenusar laabh pradan karnyachya shakyateshi sambandh nahee.
samajik madat.
samajik sahayya yojnanmadhye sarvat asurakshit vyaktinna madat karnyasathi tayar kelelya karyakramancha samavesh hoto (mhanje.eae.jyanchyakade madatiche itar konatehi sadhan nahee, udaharanarth ekal palak kutumbe, naisargik aapatti kinwa nagri sangharshache balee, apang lock kinwa niradhar garib), kutumbe aanee samuday samajik patali gathanyasathi aanee jivanman sudharanyasathi. yaa karyakramanmadhye serve prakarchya sarvajanik krutee, sarkari aanee bigger sarkari, ektar rokh kinwa itar prakarchya (udaa.jee. ann hastantaran), patra asurakshit aanee vanchit vyaktinna. samajik sahayya hastakshepanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh asoo shakatoh
dhoranatmak mudde.
sarvatrikta viruddha. lakshyikaran.
samajik sanrakshanachya vyaptishi sambandhit done mukhya vichardharahi aahet. pratyek vyaktila, keval nagrik asanyachya gunavattenusar, samajik sanrakshn karyakramancha laabh milanyacha haqq asava, assa yuktivad sarvatrikvad karato. asey dhoran sadhan-chachani aanee kamachya aavashyaktansarkhya konatyahi atty talhel. yaa dhoranatmak drushtikonacha sarvat motha fayda mhanje samajik ekata, kaaran pratyekjan asha vyavasthet sahkaryane yogdan deto jyacha pratyekala fayda hoto. samajik suraksha heey asech eka udaharan aahe. shivay, arthshastradnyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee sarvatrikta hii manvi bhandavalatil guntavanuk aahe jee sampoorn deshachya vikasas madat karate. jaagtik bankechya 2019 chya jaagtik vikas ahavalat, "kamache badalatya swaroop" yaa drushtikonatun samajik sanrakshanacha vichar keela aahe, jagbharatil vidyaman yojananche varnan kele aahe aanee sambhavya kharchavar anukaran deta sadar keela aahe.
virodhak assa yuktivad kartil qee sarvatrikta hii kifayatshir aahe aanee vaiyaktik prayatnancha anyaykarakpane viparyas karate. assa yuktivad eka changla upay mhanoon lakshya karnyakade nirdesh karato. asha paristhitit, samajik karyakramancha laabh ghenari lakshyit loksankhya kona asavi haah prashna udbhavato.
utpann lakshya karane viruddha. kshamata.
nivval utpann hii garajoo loksankhya nishchit karanyachi sarvat sopee paddhat aahe. kahee rajye hummy asaleli kiman utpann pranali vapartat, jyamadhye rajyatil serve sadasyanna, teey kahee atty purn karat aahet toparyant, jaganyasathi purese utpann milate. tathapi, kshamata drushtikonache samarthak assa yuktivad karatat qee utpann chukiche mandane sope aahe aanee shivay, garibeechya mool karanatmak ghatkanvar laksh kendrit karnyat teey apayashi tharale aahet. tyamule, aarogya aanee shikshanasarakhya sansthatmak sudharanansarkhya jivanachya gunavattevar parinam pradan kiman patalichya moolbhut kshamatanvar laksh kendrit karanyachi teey shifaras karatat. dhoranatmak udaharananmadhye samajik aadhar samavisht asoo shakato.
tartud karnyache sadhan.
samajik sanrakshn haah konatyahi prakare eka mahagada aanee katheen prayatna aahe; jyaa lokanna tyachi sarvat jaast garaj aahe tyanna prabhavipane madat karnare karyakram kase rabvayache haah prashna kayam aahe. sadhya, vividh rashtranmadhye samajik sanrakshn pradan pradan anek yantrana aahet. hii dhorane aanee sadhane deshachya sandarbhanusar badaltat. kahee deshanmadhye, vikasvadachya pratimeche anusaran karoon, samajik sanrakshanachya tartudit sarkare jordarpane sahbhagi aahet, jyamadhye samajik sanrakshanakade aarthik vikasala chalana denyache sadhan mhanoon pahile jaate. asey kahee desh dekhil aahet jyanche vaishishtya dwaitvad aahe, jyamadhye aupcharik kshetrat kaam kaam rajya-pradan kelele sanrakshn aahe, parantu anaupacharik kshetrat kaam kaam farse kinwa konatehi sanrakshn nahee. shevati, asey kahee desh aahet jithe arthvyavastha mukhyatve krishipradhan aahe aanee bahusankhya loksankhya anaupacharik arthvyavasthet kaam karate. jyaa deshanmadhye keval samajik sanrakshanachi shillak vyapti aanee rajyachi kamkuvat kshamata aahe, tyaa deshanmadhye samajik sanrakshn pramukhyane natevaik, ngo aanee vaiyaktik paropkari dengya yasarkhya bigger-sarkari madhyamandvare dile jaate.
rashtriy karyakram.
vikasvad.
dakshin koria aanee taivanmadhye, sarkar vikasvadachya pratimananusar sarvajanik karyakramanna vyapak pathimba dete, jyamadhye samajik sanrakshanakade aarthik vikasala chalana denyache sadhan mhanoon pahile jaate.
dwaitvad.
argentine, brazil, bharat, indoneshiya aanee dakshin aafriket, european kalyankari rajyanpramanech samajik sanrakshn asalelya sanrakshit aupcharik kshetratil kamgaranchi aanee moolbhut kalyankari labhansah vanchit anaupacharik kshetratil kamgaranchi duheri rachana aahe, jeey mukhytah samajik sahayyatoon yetat.
krishi-anaupacharik.
tanzania aanee ethiopia sarkhya rashtranmadhye, sarkare puresha samajik sanrakshanasathi sangharsh karatat aanee nagarikanni tyaeivaji bigger-rajya ghatak aanee anaupacharik tartudinvar avalambun rahile pahije.
datachya bhetee.
aantarrashtriy dengidar aanee sanghatananni dhoranatmak charcha aanee karyakramachi rachana aanee amalbajavani yaa donhi babatit samajik sanrakshn drushtikonanvar prabhav padala aahe. jaree jaagtik banq aanee aantarrashtriy kamgar sanghatana (aay. ell. oo.) yaa kshetratil pramukh dengidar aanee pramukh sanstha asalya taree itar sanstha dekhil samajik sanrakshanashi sambandhit aahet.
jaagtik banq haah vikasansheel deshansathi aarthik aanee tantrik madaticha srot aahe. samajik jokhim aanee sambhavya pratisad olakhanyasathi, jaagtik bankene 'samajik jokhim vyavasthapan' (ess. aar. emm.) navache eka sadhan vikasit kele. ess. aar. emm. chaukatit asha hastakshepancha samavesh aahe jeey dhakka lagnyapurvi jokhim vyavasthapit karnyavar laksh kendrit karatat. heey done mulyankananvar aadharit aaheh (1) garibanna vividh jokhimancha sarvadhik samna karava lagato aanee (2) yaa jokhimancha samna karnyasathi garibankade sarvat qamee sadhane asatat. ess. aar. emm. chaukatiche mukhya ghatak pudhilpramane aaheth
aarthik sahkarya aanee vikas sanghatana (oo. ii. see. dii.) 30 lokshahi deshanna samaan samasyanchi uttare shodhanyasathi aanee deshantargat aanee aantarrashtriy dhoranancha samanvay sadhanyasathi ekatra aanate. dhoranatmak vikasavar khoop prabhav prabhav daridrya jaalyasathi (povenet) oo. eae. see. dii. chee vikas sahayya samitee (dii. aii. see.) jababdar aahe. dii. aii. see.-povenet khaleel kshetranvar laksh kendrit karateh
samajik suraksha aanee kamgar sanrakshn yaa donhi muddyancha samavesh asaleli aantarrashtriy kamgar sanghatana hii sanyukt rashtranchi sanstha aahe jee kamachya thikani nikash aanee manke nishchit karnyasathi jababdar aahe. sadhya ilo itarambarobarach, khaleel dhorananvar laksh kendrit karateh 

