
pretatmavad (pustak)

pretatmavad () heey 1885 saalee german tatvadnya edward wonn hartman yanni lihilele pustak aahe, jeey 'philosophy auph daad achetan' yaa prasiddha granthache lekhak aahet."pradhyapak corinna traitel yanchya matey, yaa pustakache prakashan heey german jadutona chalvalichya itihasatil" "pramukh ghatanan" "paiki eka banale"."heey pustak" serve gupt ghatananche sampoorn mansik spashtikaran denyacha prayatna karananya pahilya granthanpaiki eka hote."manasshastriy sanshodhanasathichya societychya sansthapakanpaiki eka charles massie yanchya matey, yaa pustakachya prakashanane aadhyatmikatechya virodhat nirdeshit kelelya serve pustakanpaiki sarvat kroor dhakka deela.
pustakachi samagri.
pretatmavad aanee adhyatmavad.
pahilya adhyayachya suruvatila hartman spasht karato qee 'pretatmavad' haah shabd french nirmiticha aahe, parantu ingraji aanee bahutek german lock 'adhyatmavad' haah shabd pasant karatat. lekhak 'adhyatmavad' haah shabd bhautikvadachya viruddha asalelya aadhyatmik drushtikonatun darshavinyasathi aanee 'aatmyanchya' sahbhagadvare madhyamvadi ghatananche spashtikaran darshavinyasathi vaparato, too 'pretatmavad' yaa shabdane sambodhanyachi tayari darshavito. tyancha assa vishvas aahe qee bahutek lock, jeey pretatmyachi aakanksha balgatat aanee pretatmavadi niyatkalike vachatat, tyanna madhyamatechya ghatananchya vaidnyanik abhyasat rus nahee, parantu tyaeivaji "amaratvavaril tyanchya vishvasachi pushti" midavi. dnyanachya yugat nakarlya gelelya ghatananchya vishal kshetrachi punha suruvat karane heey aadhunik pretvadi chalvaliche eka mothe guna asalyache hartman manatat. tathapi, tyanchya matey, pretatmavad germanymadhye eka sarvajanik aapatti honyacha dhoka nirman karato, mhanoon pretatmavadi ghatananchya abhyasat shastradnyanna swarasya aananyasathi rajyane aaplya adhikaracha vapar keela pahije. teey lihitat qee janatela yaa goshtimbaddal jaanun ghenyacha sampoorn adhikar aahe aanee teey swatache mutt tayar karoo shakat naslyamule, keval vidnyanachya adhikrut pratinidhinni kadhalelya nishkarshanchi pratiksha karane baakee aahe.
sanshodhan paddhati.
hartman lihitat qee "manvi svabhavachya asamanya ghatanancha" abhyas karnyasathi asamanya jivanni sampann asalelya vyaktinna aakarshit karane aavashyak aahe. teey pudhe sangatat, heey lakshat thewale pahije qee jyapramane "vidyut gharshan yantrachya prayoganmadhye", madhyamanchya prayoganmadhye apayash yeu shakate, parantu yamule "asamanya ghatananchya tapasala" pratibandh karata kaama naye."tyancha assa vishvas aahe qee pretatmyacha vaidnyanik abhyas" samanya paddhatshir swasiddhankanvar "aadharit asava, jyanche" "dandamuktine ullanghan kele jaau shakat nahee"."
"pahili gosht mhanje, tattvanchi garaj nastana gunakar karata kaama naye; tyamule joparyant ekach prakar puresa asel toparyant dusya prakarchi karane gruheet dharata yenar naheet. dusare mhanje, jyaa karananchya astitvachi hummy anubhavane kinwa nirvivad nishkarshane dilee jaate, aanee jyaa karananmule sanshayaspad kinwa apramanit astitvachi karane anavshyakpane shodhali jaau nayet, udaharanarth, jyache moolya pratham tyanchya gruhitkadvare sthapit kele jaave. tisare mhanje, aapan shakya titka vel naisargik karanancha vapar karnyacha prayatna keela pahije aanee tatadichya garjeshivay alaukik karananna sparsh karoo naye. yaa teen svayamsiddha tattvanviruddha pretatmavad naraj karato."
matibhramanche gruhitak.
hartmancha yuktivad aahe tyapramane, "mukhavata ghatalelya somanambulism" chaa abhyas, madhyamvadi ghatananchya "sampoorn kshetra" chee samaj deu shakato. teey spasht karatat qee "sarvatrik madhyam autosomnambulpeksha jaast asale pahije; tyach velee too eka shaktishali magnetizer asala pahije."tyanchya matey, pretatmavadi satrache madhyam swatahla" mukhavata ghatalelya kinwa khulya somanambulismchya sthiteet budavate."pudhe, asha madhyam-svayanchalit nambulmadhye bhram asatat, jeey tyane vastav manale aahet aanee tyach velee, upasthit asalelyanni heey kalpanik vastav pahave ashee tyachi tivra ichcha aahe, mhanje.eae. tyachya swatachya sarkhyach bhramatmak kalpana asateel.
hartmancha assa vishvas aahe qee "vaidnyanik manasshastriy drushtikonatun" madhyamvadi sabhemadhye sahbhagi honanya pratyek sahbhagine satat swatahvar vichar keela pahije qee too eka atishay shaktishali mantramugdha karnanyachyyaa prabhavakhali aahe jyache lakshya tyala mukhavata ghatalelya somanambulizamadhye budavoon takane aanee asha prakare tyachya matibhramanmule tyala kalankit karane aahe.
"mukhavata ghatalelya kinwa khulya somanambulismchya tyanchya avasthetil madhyamanmadhye majjatantu shakticha aakar asato, mug tee upasthit asalelyanni swatah tayar keleli asso kinwa kadhaleli aanee jamaa keleli, kaaran tyachya jagrut avasthetil konatyahi magnetizerne tee ughad kelee nahee, mhanoon nishchitpane tyanchi kshamata yaa uchch pramanat shaktichya madatine upasthit asalelyanna khulya kinwa mukhavata ghatalelya somanambulismchya sthiteet thevanyachi asane aavashyak aahe, jeey jagrut avasthet kaam karananya konatyahi magnetizerpeksha jaast aahe."
hartmanchya matey, somnambulik avasthetil madhyamachi jagrut ichchhashakti chumbakakache karya purn karate, jyamule somanambulik chetanela udayonmukh matibhramanchya sandarbhat eka vishisht disha milate. udaharanarth, jarr ekhadya madhyamala aata swatah nahee tarr 'catty kingcha aatma' asalyacha 'bhram' asel aanee tase disalyas, bhram dekhil praptakartyanna prasarit keela jaeel, qee padadyavarun baher padnare madhyam kharokhar 'catty king' aahe."tyancha assa vishvas aahe qee bhautikikaran heey bahutek vela keval madhyamache rupantar asate, kaaran jevha pret madhyamapasun vegale hott asey tevha teey nehmich asey disate qee teey purnapane madhyamatoon yet hote aanee tyachyakade parat yet hote.
hartmanne kelele bhrantipurn gruhitak chhayachitre midvanyachi shakyata nakarte jyavar madhyam aanee bhautik aakruti donhi ekach velee thewali jaatil, kaaran bhrantyache chhayachitra kadhale jaau shakat nahee, tyamule tyachya lekhakachya matey, ashee serve chhayachitre banavat aahet. udaharanarth, william krookne ghetalelya chhayachitrabaddal, jyavar madhyam aanee pret ekach velee disu shakatat, hartman lihitat qee heey tivra sanshayachya samparkat aale aahe qee "tathakathit pret madhyam aivaji, aanee kathit madhyam aivaji madhyam poshakh, ardha-lapavalelya sthiteet eka ushine bharalele, chhayachitra kadhale gele aahe."
majjatantu shaktiche gruhitak.
hartmanchya matey, madhyamatvachi konatihi bhautik ghatana, tyanchi guntagunt kahihi asso, tee nehmich "madhyamvadi majjatantu shakti" mule purn hote, jee madhyamachya majjasansthedware "tayar" honari aanee chumbakiyatesarkhya konatyahi padarthatoon "akhandapane" paar karnari bhautik shakti asate."madhyamachya ichchhene yaa shaktila nirdeshit kele pahije aanee tyaa shaktivar niyantran thewale pahije aanee ekache vitaran heey" madhyamachya somnambulistic jaaniv asalelya vilakshan pratimevar avalambun asate."yavyatirikt, jevha madhyame" "khulya somanambulism" "madhye budatat tevha" "majjatantu shakticha vishesh taana" "aavashyak asalelya bhautik ghatana ghadatat"."lekhak pushti karato qee sendriya swarupanche thase heey madhyamatechya" "sarvat lakshavedhi ghatanan" "chey aahet-teey keval" "padarthadvare padarthachya pravesh" "chya prakarananmadhye mage takale gele hote"."teey kabool karatat qee hya chhapanmule nihsanshaypane heey siddha hote qee yaa prakaranat matibhramanche hastantaran hott nahee parantu" "dravyavar madhyamvadi shakticha vastunishtha-vastavik prabhav" "aahe aanee yaa ghataneche spashtikaran khalilpramane aaheh
"jarr aapan madhyam cheta shaktichya daab aanee taana reshanchya aanakhi eka vyavasthechi kalpana kelee-chhap jaanyas saksham asalelya mauu padarthavar sapat hatachya aateel bajunni tayar honanya dabanshi sambandhit eka vyavastha, tarr asha gatishil pranalimule nirman jhalelya padarthachya kananchi halchal punha tyachyashi susangat asali pahije, jee hatachya thet dabamule hote, mhanje.eae. jaree assa form, joou asha prakarchi chhap nirman karnyas saksham aahe, too bhautik swarupat nasla taree sendriya swarupachi chhap prapt jhaali asatee."
kahee ghatana heartman yaa vastusthitidvare spasht karatat qee somnambulismchya sthiteet asalele madhyam kathitpane "udayonmukh pratimeche matibhram" aanee vastavik vastoo halavanyachya garajevareel kalpaneche sanyojan karate aanee nakalatpane heey visthapan "tyachya madhyamvadi majjatantu shaktichya madatine" nirman karate, parantu vishvas thevun qee teey tyane prakat kelelya vilakshan pratimechya swatachya balane kele gele hote, mhanje "prekshakanparyant tyache matibhram hastantarit karoon", too nakalat tyanna yaa kalpanene prerit karato qee jeey visthapan ghadale teey kharokhar tyaa bhootane purn kele hote jeey fakt tyache matibhram aahe.
mansik abhivyakti.
pretatmavadi sandeshanvishayi, hartman assa yuktivad karatat qee keval 'somanambulistic chetana' tyanchya aashayancha srot asoo shakate. teey lihitat, "serve sandeshanmadhye mansik patali aanee madhyamachya drushtikonashi sambandhit aashay asato."eka niyam mhanoon, hii patali madhyamachya aanee satratil sahbhaginchya" aadhyatmik patalichya khalee "asate, qamee vela tee samaan asate, parantu tee kadhihi jaast nasate.
lekhak lihito qee kahee madhyame, tyanchya 'nakkal kelelya rupantaransah', lakshavedhi bhashik kshamata pradarshit karatat. teey 'vichitra, agamya bolibhashanmadhye' shabd aanee vakye punarutpadit karoo shakatat, jee tyanni yapurvi chukun aikali hotee, yakade laksh naan deta. hartmanchya matey, keval eka madhyam, jeey lihu shakate, teey "svayanchalit lekhan tayar karoo shakate kinwa [hatachya sahbhagashivay] antaravar lekhan karoo shakate."
adhisamanyateche spashtikaran.
tattvatah, hartman "padarthachya pravesh" chya madhyamvadi ghatanechi shakyata manya karato, tasech sakshidaranchya sakshidvare pushti kelelya itar serve ghatananchya shakyatela anumati deto. tathapi, antaralachya chauthya parimanabaddal german khagolshastradnya zolner yanni kelelya gruhitkala tyanni virodh keela, tyaeivaji, trimiteey antaralabaheril halchali aanee compan yanchyapeksha, "shariratil bhautik bandhanchya aanvik kampananvar" vidhanala pradhanya dile."hartmanchya matey, jyaa botit kinwa pinjaryat madhyam adakavale jaau shakate, teey tyachyasathi adthala tharnar naheeh jarr too zopechya avasthet ekhadya padarthatoon jaau shakat asel, tarr yaa serve savadhgirinantarhi, prekshakansamor eka ghatana mhanoon disanyapasun tyala kahihi rokhu shakat nahee."
bhautik kananchya ektrikaranavar" maat karananya aanee dhwanik ghatanankade nenanya madhyamvadi majjatantu shaktichya "vistarit krutee" chaa ullekh kelyanantar, hartman "padarthachya pravesh" shhee sambandhit pretvadi ghatanankade valato, tyanna "visheshtah avishvasaniy kshetra mhanoon vargikrut karato."too zolnerchya pushti kelelya prayogancha aanee bund kholeet vastoonchya" "hastantaranachya" "tathyancha sandarbh deto, jeey varanvar niyantranachya sarvat kathor atinmadhye nirikshan kele jaate". too vividh prakarchya "padarthachya pravesh" chee yadee karatoh lokhandi angathi madhyamachya hatatoon jaane, nanee, slate-pencil ityadincha pravesh. purnapane bund kelelya peteet, tablechya payavar angathi ghalane, dorkhandanvar aanee pattyanvar 'seelband' tokanni gathee bandhane, dusya kholitoon kinwa itar gharanmadhun vastoo baithakichya kholeet aanane, tasech kholichya baher ugavat asaleli phule aanane.
hartmanchya matey, madhyam keval tyachya ichchhene kinwa tyachya purnapane mansik prabhavane nirjiv vastunmadhye varr namood kelelya bhautik ghatananche kaaran banoo shakat nahee. ichchhashaktichi mukhya krutee mhanje majjasansthetun 'madhyam cheta shakti' sodane aanee tee jiwant kinwa mrut vastunvar eka vishisht margane nirdeshit karane. tathapi, tyanchya matey, spashtavakta vagalata, madhyamvadachya konatyahi ghatanechya abhyasat, naisargik spashtikarananchya maryadepalikade jaanyachi garaj nahee."
aatmyanchya gruhitkavar.
shevati, hartman pretatmavadachya madhyavarti kalpaneche moolyankan karatoh
"asha prakare aatmyanche sampoorn gruhitak shuddha shunyatet villin jhaale aahe, pratham pratyaksh bhautik shakti, nantar bhautikatechya ghatananche utpadan aanee shevati abhivyaktinchya aadarshateche utpadan, purvkalpit aatmyanpasun madhyamankade gele aahet. aatme aahet qee nahee, heey aaplyala yethe tapasanyachi garaj nahee; konatyahi paristhitit, jarr kahee asateel tarr, tyancha sandarbh tyaa dusya jagaat deela jaato, jithun aadhyatmikta tyanna yaa jagaat budalele manali jaat hotee."
teeka.
hartmanchya pustakachya sarvat sakriy tikakaranpaiki eka alekzandar aksakov hota. hartmanchya matibhram kalpaneche khandan karnyasathi" akshakovne vaparlele purave mhanje aatmyanchi chhayachitre hotee. satradarmyan kadhaleli chhayachitre, jyamadhye madhyam aanee bhautik roop donhi drishyaman hote', heey akshakovchya matey, khatrishirpane dakhavun dett hote qee bhautikikaran hii 'eka vastunishtha ghatana' aahe, aanee samoohik sammohan nahee (davikadil chhayachitra pahaa). yaa niyatkalikatil jadutonyanchya prakashananmadhye akshakovchya tikela pathimba denyat aala hota, jithe hartmanne tyachya tarkik chuka olakhanyas nakar dilyabaddal tyala vividh prakare uddhat kinwa apramanik mhanoon chitrit kele gele hote."hertmanla konatahi vyavharik anubhav navhata aanee tyachya vishvasashi sambandhit nasalelya tathyanvar tyane purese laksh dile nahee aanee anek ghatana tyala" "purnapane adnyat" "hotya yavar akshakov jore dett aala aahe".
pradhyapakanni lihile qee hartman tyachya gruhitkancha vapar karato, teey tyachyasathi kase adhik soyiche aahe tyanusarah jarr ekhadi bhautik aakruti seinsver disali tarr tyachyasathi tee fakt seanschya sahbhaginni kalpana keleli eka matibhram aahe; jarr haah pret photomadhye pradarshit keela gela tarr tyache swaroop madhyamvadi majjatantu shaktichya krutidvare spasht kele jaate, kaaran anyatha tyache chhayachitra kadhale jaau shakat nahee. parantu asha asthir spashtikaranancha manmanipane vapar karane haah drushtikon "vaidnyanikdrushtya asamarthaneey aahe."sendriya swarupanche thase madhyam chetashaktidware tayar hotat yaa hartmanchya vidhanavar bhashya kartana, aksakovne lihile qee heey gruhitak heey aavashyakpane yaa shaktichi" lambi, jaadi aanee ghanata swikaranyakade "nete, dusya shabdant, jeey sahasa sharirachi vyakhya karnyasathi karya karate, asha prakare asha thase tayar kele pahijet" "madhyamachya madatine tayar jhalelya adrushya vastoochya krutidvare", mhanje bhautik swarupadware ". hartman asehi bolato qee madhyam cheta shakti "aushnik aanee prakash ghatana nirman karoo shakate", udaharanarth, tee kahee vishisht rupe tayar karoo shakate, kiman ajaivikah cross, taare, tyavar chamkanare prakash bindu asalele eka tejaswi kshetra."mhanoon, yethe, aksakovchya bhashyanusar, majjatantu shakti drishyaman hote aanee tee matibhram nirman karat nahee. mug, jee shakti bhautik sendriya pratimet, kadhikadhi tejaswi pratimet disate, teech shakti matibhramat qaa badalate? aksakovchya matey, hartmanche bhrantipurn gruhitak tyachya swatachya tarkshastradvare nasht kele jaate."
lekhakachya gruhitkanchya sandarbhat, madhyamatvachya bhautik ghatananche spashtikaran detana, massine namood kele qee "tyanchyashi parichit asalelya bahutek vyaktinche mutt asey asel qee hartmanche gruhitak swatach khoop klisht aahe aanee tarihi teey tathyansathi apure aahe."carl du preelne tyachya pustakachya pahilya adhyayatun hartmanche asey vidhan aanleh" mea swatah kadhihi ekhadya sabhela upasthit naslyamule, mea sambandhit ghatananchya vastavavar nirnay ghenyachya sthiteet nahee... dusarikade, mea swatahla konatyahi paristhitit yaa ghatananmadhun tyanchya vastavikatechya babatit ghetalelya nishkarshanvar sashart nirnay denyas saksham samajato, kaaran heey vaishishtyapurnapane tatvadnyanache karyalay aahe."mug tyanni yaa parichhedababat khalilpramane bhashya keleh
"mallah heey manya karayalach havey, majha nehmich assa vishvas hota qee 'tatvadnyasathi eka suvarn niyam' aahe-jithe tyala anubhav nahee tithe gup rahane, jenekarun konalahi sangitale jaau shakatah 'see taquis, philosophus mancises!'(tumhi gup asata tarr tumhi tatvadnya rahile asate!) mhanunach majha antim nirnay yaa vastusthitivar avalambun aahe qee hartmanne pretatmyaviruddhchya tyanchya likhanane nishchitpane alaukiktemadhye yogdan dile aahe parantu tattvadnyanat nahee."