
sthir elil

loksankhyechya anuvanshashastrat, eka sthir elil haah eka elil aahe joou loksankhyetil tyaa janukasathi astitvat asalela ekmev prakar aahe. eka sthir elil heey loksankhyechya serve sadasyansathi samaroop asate.
jyaa prakriyedvare elil sthir hotat tyala sthirikaran mhanatat.
sthir eleelchya sankalpaneche udaharan denyasathi kalpanik prajatinchya loksankhyechi kalpana kelee jaau shakate. jarr loksankhyemadhye elil nishchit asel, tarr serve jivanmadhye vicharadhin janukasathi fakt tech elil asoo shakatat. samaja genotype sharirachya rangachya phenotypeshy thet sambandhit aahe, tarr loksankhyetil serve jeev samaan shariracha rung pradarshit kartil.
loksankhyetil elil nishchit kele jaat asatana, loksankhyetil serve jivansathi (jarr teey genotype thet vishisht phenotypeshy sambandhit asateel tarr) tyaa elilashi sambandhit phenotypic vaishishtye samaan asane aavashyak aahe, kaaran teey sambandhit sankalpananchya vyakhyepasun tarkikdrushtya anusaran karate. tathapi, loksankhyemadhye darshavilelya samaan phenotypic vaishishtyanmadhye nishchit kelya jaananya vaishishtyanshi sambandhit elil (oo) asane aavashyak nahee, jyache udaharan prajatinchya loksankhyemadhye anuvanshik varchasva anuroop asanyachya babatit milate. 
qamee janukeey vividhatesah elil sthirikaran hote, jyamule sampoorn loksankhyesathi badalatya paryavaraniy paristhitishi qamee anukulata houu shakate. 
udaharanarth, byavachada vishisht elil asanyane itar elil asanyapeksha jiwala rog honyachi adhik shakyata asate; jarr ekhadya loksankhyemadhye prachalit kaaran asalelya rogasathi atyant sanvedanshil elil nishchit asel tarr loksankhyetil bahutek jivanvar parinam houu shakato. 
tyamule, samanyatah, sthir elilchi lakshaniy shreni darshavinari loksankhya anekada namshesh honyacha dhoka asato. 
sthir elilchi vyakhya pahilyanda 1962 madhye moto kimura yanni kelee hotee. kimura yanni loksankhyemadhye sthir elil kase udbhavu shakatat yavar charcha kelee aanee yaa vishayache samanyikaran karnare teey pahile hote. 1927 madheel halden aanee 1922 madheel fisher yanchya kamanche shrey dett tyanni payabhoot mahitee puravanyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali jyamule tyanna nishkarshaparyant pohochata aale.
loksankhyemadhye sthir elilchi utkranti.
sthir elil kase vikasit houu shakate yasathi anek shakyata aahet, parantu anekada anek ghatak ekach velee karya karatat aanee prakriyes margadarshan karatat, parinami antim parinam nirdharit karatat.
naisargik nivad aanee anuvanshik pravah yaa sthirikaranamagil done pramukh prerak shakti aahet. naisargik nivad charles darwinne gruheet dharali hotee aanee tyat anek prakriya samavisht aahet jyamule anuvanshik kinwa phenotypic farkanmule jivanche bhinn astitva tikate. anuvanshik pravah hii ashee prakriya aahe jyadvare loksankhyemadhye elil frequencymadhye chadh-utaar hotat. naisargik nivad aanee anuvanshik pravah utkrantila pudhe dhakaltat aanee utkrantidvare, elil sthir houu shakatat. 
naisargik nivadichya prakriya, jase qee laingik, abhisari, bhinn kinwa sthir nivad, heey elil sthirikaranasathi marg mokala karatat. yapaiki kahee naisargik nivad prakriyanmule sthirikaran hote, too eka vishisht genotype kinwa phenotypela pasanti dilyane, jyamule eka elil sthir hoiparyant parivartansheelateche abhisaran hote. naisargik nivad dusya paddhatine kaam karoo shakate, jithe done vishisht genotype kinwa phenotypela pasanti dilyane done elil nishchit hotat, jyamule loksankhyemadhye itake vegale hoiparyant farak hoto qee aata tyaa tyanchya swatachya sthir elils pratyeki done prajati aahet.
nivadak dabav vishisht genotype kinwa phenotypela anukool asoo shakatat. yache eka samanyapane dnyat udaharan mhanje jivanunchya loksankhyemadhye pratijaivik pratikar karanyachi prakriya. pratijaivikancha vapar jivanunna marnyasathi keela jaato, tyamule anukool utparivartan asalelya tyanchyapaiki thodyasha vyakti aata spardhepasun mukt asalelya vatavaranat tikoon rahoo shakatat aanee punha vastee karoo shakatat. pratijaivik pratirodhasathiche elil nantar jiwant aanee bhavishyatil loksankhyemadhye eka nishchit elil banate. heey adthalyachya parinamache eka udaharan aahe. jevha loksankhyela nivadak dabavakhali thewale jaate aanee keval kahee vishisht vyaktich tikatat tevha adthala nirman hoto. yaa jiwant vyaktinmadhye tyanchya loksankhyemadhye prarambhik loksankhyepeksha qamee sankhyene elil asatat, tathapi, bhavishyatil loksankhyemadhye konatehi utparivartan kinwa sthalantar nahee asey gruheet dharoon uralele heey ekmev elil aahet. vareel sasachya udaharanat dakhavalyapramane, haah adthala prabhav naisargik aapattinmadhye dekhil disun yeto. 
adthalyachya prabhavapramanech, sthapakachya prabhavamule dekhil elil sthirikaran houu shakate. sansthapak prabhav tevha hoto jevha eka lahan sansthapak loksankhya naveen bhagat halavali jaate aanee bhavishyatil loksankhyecha prachar karate. heey canadatil newfoundlandmadheel 'alses alses' mooschya loksankhyet disun yete. moose heey newfoundlandche mool rahivasi naheet aanee 1878 aanee 1904 madhye betavar ekoon sahaa moose aanale gele. sahaa sansthapak moosanni andaje 4000-6000 mooschi sadhyachi loksankhya pasaravali. yacha sansthapak mooschya santativar natyamay parinam jhaala aahe aanee mukhya bhoomichya loksankhyechya tulanet newfoundland mooschya loksankhyemadhye anuvanshik badalanmadhye mothee ghat jhaali aahe. 
anuvanshik pravahasarkhya itar yadruchchik prakriyanmule sthirikaran houu shakate. yaa yadruchchik prakriyandvare, kahee yadruchchik vyakti kinwa elil loksankhyetun kadhoon takale jaatat. elil frequencymadhil yaa yadruchchik chadhautaranmule loksankhyemadhye vishisht elil nishchit houu shakatat kinwa nasht houu shakatat. ujavikade eka pratima aahe jee salag pidhyanmadhun disate; elil frequency loksankhyemadhye yadruchchikpane chadh-utaar karatat. loksankhyecha aakar jitka lahan asel, titkya vegane eleelche sthirikaran kinwa nuksan hoil. tathapi, serve loksankhya elil sthirikaranakade prerit kelee jaate aanee tee apariharya aahe; loksankhyechya aakaramule heey ghadanyasathi fakt vegvegalya pramanat vel lagato. 
elil sthirikaranachi itar kahee karane mhanje prajnan, kaaran yamule loksankhyechi anuvanshik parivartansheelata qamee hote aanee tyamule loksankhyecha prabhavi aakar qamee hoto. yamule anuvanshik pravahamule apekshepeksha jalad sthirikaran houu shakate. 
vilgikaranamule sthirikaran dekhil houu shakate, kaaran teey loksankhyemadhye naveen chull eleelcha ogh rokhate. heey bahutekda betanchya loksankhyevar disun yete, jithe loksankhyemadhye eleelcha maryadit sanch asato. yaa loksankhyemadhye jodali jaau shakanari ekmev parivartansheelata mhanje utparivartanandvare.
udaharane.
sthir eleelche eka udaharan mhanje anatolian mhashimadhil dii. jee. aii. tii.-1 exon 8. dii. jee. aii. tii.-1 elilmadhil heey eka gair-snrakshak utparivartan aahe, jeey alleninaivaji 232 vya sthanavar lycine asalele prathine tayar karate. heey utparivartan vanya prakarchya prathinanpeksha vegale prathine tayar karate. guranmadhye honanya yaa utparivartanacha dudhachya utpadanavar parinam hoto. teen panyatil mhashinchya loksankhyechya tapasanit chaar bhinn haplotype ughad jhaale, pratyeki ekach nucleotide bahurupata (ess. aine. pii.) hotee, tathapi, heey serve ess. aine. pii. heey puranmatvadi utparivartan hote, jyamule prathinanchya utpadanat konatahi badal hott nahee. abhyas kelelya anatolian mhashichya serve loksankhyemadhye 232 varr gair-snrakshak lycine utparivartan hote, jyamule haah nishkarsh nighala qee heey dii. jee. aii. tii.-1 elil utparivartan loksankhyemadhye nishchit aahe.
parnasius apolo" phulpakharala dhokyat asaleli prajati mhanoon vargikrut kele gele aahe, jyachi paschim palayarctic pradeshat anek bhinn loksankhya aahe. germanychya mosel khoyatil loksankhyeche aanuvanshik vaishishtya aahe aanee tyat sahaa dirghakalin monomorphic microsatellites asalyache disun aale aahe. 2008 madheel sadhyachya loksankhyeche tasech 1895 teey 1989 yaa kalat sangrahalayatil namunyanche parikshan karoon sahaa sookshm upgrahanchi tapasani karnyat aalee. tapasalelya sookshm upgrah elilpaiki eka 1895 purvi loksankhyemadhye nishchit karnyat aala aahe. sadhyachya loksankhyesathi, serve sahaa sookshm upgrah tasech vishleshan kelelya serve sola alloenzymes nishchit karnyat aalya hotya.
sthir elil heey byavachada loksankhyesathi hanikarak asoo shakatat, visheshtah jevha loksankhyecha aakar qamee asato aanee anuvanshik badal qamee asatat. udaharanarth, california channell eyeland fox ('eurosion littoralis') madhye laingik punarutpadan karananya pranyansathi aataparyant nondavalelya sarvat monomorphic loksankhya aahe. 1990 chya dashakat betavaril kolhachi loksankhya vinashkariritya qamee jhaali, jyamule too jawaljawal namshesh jhaala. hii loksankhya ghat kahee pramanat canine distemper vishanoomule jhaali hotee. colhey yaa vishanula balee padoo shakat hote aanee tyanchya anuvanshik samanatemule anek marle gele. shikari, soneri garud, yachya parichayalahi yaa loksankhyechya ghatis karanibhoot manale gele. sadhyachya sanvardhanachya prayatnanmule loksankhya sudharat aahe.