
anabaptism

anabaptism (neo-lattinmadhun, greekah 'rii-' aanee 'baptisma', purvi dekhil) hii eka khrishchan chalval aahe jee tyachya utpatticha shodh aamulagra sudharananmadhye ghete. 
suruvatichya anabaptistanni tyanchya vishvasanchi rachana schleithem kabulijbab navachya shraddhechya kabulijababat kelee. 1527 madhye, michael sattlerne schleithem (swis-german simevaril shafhousenchya cantonmadhye) yethe eka baithakiche adhyakshapad bhushavale, jithe anabaptist netyanni schleithem vishvasachi kabuli (dow. 29). sattlerla atak karnyat aalee aanee tyanantar lagechach tyala fashi denyat aalee. anabaptist gut tyanchya vishisht vishvasanmadhye mothya pramanat bhinn hote, parantu schleithem kabulijbab moolbhut anabaptist vishvasanche tasech konatahi ekach dastaivaj darshavito.
jevha umedvar muktapane khristavaril tyancha vishvas kabool karatat aanee baptisma ghenyachi vinanti karatat tevhach baptisma vaidh asato asey baptismyache tadnya manatat. yaa vishvasoocha baptisma haah, baptisma ghenyacha janivpurvak nirnay gheu naan shakananya arbhakanchya baptismyala virodh karato. baptismyache anuyayi tyancha varsa 16 vya shatkatil aamulagra sudharananmadhye shodhatat. vegvegalya mulanche itar khrishchan gut dekhil vishvasanaryachya baptismyacha sarav karatat, jase qee baptisma ghenare, parantu heey gut baptisma ghenare naheet. ameesh, hutterites aanee menonites heey suruvatichya anabaptist chalvaliche thet vanshaj aahet. schwarzenau bandhu, nadee bandhu, brooderhoff aanee apostolic khrishchan church heey anabaptist sampraday aahet jeey tyanchya udaharananantar, aamulagra sudharanannantar changlya prakare vikasit jhaale. jaree serve anabaptist samaan moolbhut dharamshastriy shraddha samayik karatat, taree tyanchyat jivanshailimadhye farak aahe; old aurder anabaptist gatanmadhye old aurder ameesh, old aurder menonites, old aurder river brotherance aanee old aurder german baptist brotherance yancha samavesh hoto. samakalit mukhya panth (jase qee menonite church america aanee church auph daad brotherance) aanee junya aurder gatanmadhye puranmatvadi anabaptist gut aahet. dunkered bradaran church, puranmatvadi menonites aanee beechi ameesh yasarkhya puranmatvadi anabaptistanni kahee aadhunik suvidha aanee pragat tantradnyanala parvanagi detana paramparik dharmik pratha aanee dharamshastra kayam thewale aahe.
suruvatichya khristi dharmachya vishvasanche palan karnyavar bharr dett, sampurnatah, anabaptist tyanchya pratha palanyane vegale kele jaatat jyat anekada jagashi gair-susangatata, "paay dhune, haat ghalane, telane abhishek karane aanee pavitra chumban, tasech dusra gaal firavane, shapath naan ghene, dusra tappa jaane, eka cup thund paanee dene, samet, varanvar kshamashilata, vinamrata, ahinsa aanee malmatta vatoon ghene yancha samavesh hoto."
anabaptist' yaa navacha arth 'joou punha baptisma gheto' assa hoto. jaree tyanni arbhake mhanoon baptisma ghetala asala taree jevha tyanni dharmantar kele kinwa khristavaril tyancha vishvas ghoshit keela tevha baptisma ghenanya vyaktinchya prathecha sandarbh dett tyanchya chhalkartyanni tyanna heey naav dile aanee anekjan swatahla "kattarpanthi sudharak" mhanatat. baptismyasathi ichchuk umedvaranni muktapane nivadalelya aanee tyamule nakarlelya, arbhakanchya baptismyachi kabuli denyas saksham asane heey baptismyasathi ichchuk asalelya umedvaransathi aavashyak aahe. naveen karar pashchatap karnyas aanee nantar baptisma ghenyas shikavato aanee arbhake pashchattap karoo shakat naheet aanee papapasoon door yeshuchya magomagchya jivanakade valoo shakat naheet. yaa chalvalichya suruvatichya sadasyanni, arbhakancha baptisma haah shastrancha bhag navhata aanee tyamule too nirathak hota assa dawa karat, baptistache naav sweekarle nahee. tyanni sangitale qee swa-kabuli dilelya vishvasanaryancha baptisma ghene haah tyancha pahila kharaa baptisma hotah
16 vya shatkachya suruvatis aanee tyanantarhi, mukhytah tyanchya shastranchya vyakhyemule, jyane tyanna rajya charchchya adhikrut vyakhyananshi aanee sthanik sarkarchya niyantranashi visangat kele, asha donhi magisterial protestant aanee roman catholic asha rajya charchdware anabaptistancha mothya pramanat chhal keela jaat asey. konatyahi rajyane kadhihi baptismyachi sthapana kelee navhati aanee mhanoon tyala kadhihi sambandhit visheshadhikar midale naheet. bahutek baptist mathyu 5-7 madheel dongaravaril pravachanachya shabdasha vyakhyanache palan karatat, jeey dvesh, hatya, hinsachar, shapath ghene, balacha vapar kinwa konatyahi lashkari karvait bhag ghene aanee nagri sarkarmadhye sahbhag ghenyachya virodhat shikavate. baptismyache anuyayi swatahla pramukhyane devachya rajyache nagrik mhanoon pahatat, pruthvivaril sarkaranche nahee. yeshuche vachanbaddha anuyayi mhanoon, teey tyachya jivanpaddhatinusar tyanche jeevan ghadavanyacha prayatna karatat.
aata namshesh jhalele, punarjanm ghenare kahee purviche gut, anyatha vishvas thevatat aanee nagri samajachya yaa aavashyaktanche palan karatat. jaree puranmatvadi ameesh, menonites, hutterites aanee anek itihaskar tyanna khyan baybalsambandhichya anabaptism baher manatat, taree teey tantrikdrushtya anabaptist hote. conrad grebelane 1524 madhye thomas muntzarla lihilelya patrat lihileh "kharey khristi vishvasanare landge hyanchyatil mendhare aahet, kattal karnyasathi mendhare aahet... teey sansarik talwar kinwa yuddhahi vaparat naheet, kaaran tyanchyasobat serve hatya thamblya aahet."
vansh.
madhyayugeen agradoot.
baptistanni 16 vya shatkatil aamulagra sudharananpasun suruvat kelee asey manale jaate, parantu baybalachya arth lavnyachya aanee vapar karnyachya samaan drushtikonamule itihaskar kahee lock aanee gatanna tyanche agradoot mhanoon vargikrut karatat. udaharanarth, 15 vya shatkatil bohemian sudharak pieter chelsiki yanni anabaptist dharamshastracha avibhajya bhag manalya jaananya bahutek shraddha shikavalya. madhyayugeen purvajarunmadhye samanya jivanache bandhu, hussites, dutch sanskarvadi aanee mathvadache kahee prakar samavisht asoo shakatat. valdensian lock dekhil baptismyachya anuyayansarkhyach shraddheche pratinidhitva karatat.
dongaravaril pravachanacha shabdasha arth lavnare madhyayugeen asahmat aanee baptist khaleel samajutinmadhye samaik aaheth
zvikau sandeshte aanee german shetkanyanche yuddh.
27 december 1521 roji, teen "sandeshte" zvikau yetheel whittenbergmadhye prakat jhaale, jeey thomas muntzerthomus dreshell, nicolaus storch aanee marqa thomas stubner yanchya prabhavakhali (aanee tyaa badalyat, prabhavit) hote. tyanni luthernismchya apocalyptic, aamulagra paryayacha prachar keela. tyanchya upadeshamule 1525 madhye dakshin germanytil german shetkyanchya yuddhat saranjami dadapshahiviruddha bund mhanoon udbhavalelya samajik sankatababatchya bhavna jagrut honyas madat jhaali. muntzarchya netrutvakhali, heey serve sthapan kelelya adhikadhyanviruddhache yuddh banale aanee krantidvare vyakti aanee vastoonchya samudayamadhye sampoorn samanatesah eka aadarsh khrishchan rashtrakul sthapan karnyacha prayatna jhaala. zvikau sandeshte baptisma karnare navhate (mhanje, tyanni 'baptismyacha' sarav keela nahee); taridekhil, prachalit samajik vishamata aanee asha purushanche upadesh heey baptismyachya chalvalicha paya rachanare mhanoon pahile gele aahet. anabaptist chalvaliche samajik aadarsh german shetkari yuddhatil netyanchya aadarshanshi jawalun julale. tyanantarchya panthiyanchya takkevarit shetkari uthavamadhye bhag ghetalyache abhyasat aadhalun aale aahe.
utpattivaril drushye.
anabaptistanchya utpattivaril sanshodhan tyanchya shatrunni tyanchi badnami karnyachya prayatnanmule aanee tyanchya samarthakanni tyanna nyay midvoon denyachya prayatnanmule donhi prakare kalankit jhaale aahe. zvikau sandeshte, zaan mathis, johnn auph leiden aanee thomas muntzer yanchyashi sambandhit serve anabaptistanche vargikaran munsterites aanee radicals mhanoon karane byanch kalapasoon lokpriy hote. hii truti sudharu ichchinanyancha mothya anabaptist chalval aanee sarvat moolbhut ghatakanmadhil serve sambandh atee-durust karnyacha aanee nakarnyacha cull hota.
1855 madhye roman catholic vidwan carl edolph corneliuschya (munster uthav itihas) prakashanamule anabaptist itihaslekhan aadhunik yug udayas aale. baptist itihaskar albert heinry neuman (1852-1933), jeey harrold ess. bender mhanale qee, 'american anabaptist itihaslekhan kshetrat pahile sthan' midavalyane, tyanchya 'aii histree auph anty-pedobaptism' (1897) madhye mothe yogdan dile.
anabaptistchya utpattivaril teen mukhya siddhant khalilpramane aaheth
ekatmata.
anek vidwan (udaa.jee. harrold ess. bender, william estep, robbert friedman) asey manatat qee anabaptist chalval conrad grebel, felix manz, george blorak aanee itaranchya swis bandhunchya chalvalitun vikasit jhaali aahe. teey samanyatah assa yuktivad karatat qee anabaptismchi utpatti jyoorikhmadhye jhaali hotee aanee swis bandhunche anabaptism dakshin germany, austriya, netherlands aanee uttar germanymadhye prasarit jhaale hote, jithe teey tyachya vividh shakhanmadhye vikasit jhaale. monogenesis siddhant samanyatah khyan anabaptistchya shrenitil munsterites aanee itar radicals nakarto. ekjatatvachya drushtikonatun, utpattichi vel 21 janewari 1525 aahe, jevha conrad grebelane george blorakcha baptisma ghetala aanee blorakne lagechach itar anekancha baptisma ghetala. yaa aandolanat dnyat asalele heey pahile 'punar-baptisma' hote. baptismyachya sthapanesathi hii sarvat vyapakpane sweekarli jaanari tarikh aahe.
bahujanan.
james emm. stair aanee clouse depperman yanni 1975 chya eka nibandhat 'monogenesispasun polygenesisparyant' yaa eka eka nibandhat anabaptistchya ekach utpattichya kalpanevar aakshep ghetala, asey suchavat qee 24 februwari 1527 roji schleithem yethe anabaptism utpattichi yogya tarikh aahe. yaa divashi swis bandhunni schleithem kabulijbab navachi shraddhechi ghoshana lihili. nibandhachya lekhakanni purvichya anabaptist itihaskaranmadhil bahupatnitvavaril karar nondavala, jaree ekach prarambh binduchya tarkhevar vaad ghalat asatanahih "hillerbrand aanee bender (hole aanee troltshasarkhe) anabaptismche ekach prasar hote yavar sahmat hote..., jeey nishchitach zurichmadhun gele. too saxonykade parat gela qee nahee haah ekach prashna hota."pramanit bahujanan itihasavar teeka kelyanantar, lekhakanna suruvatichya anabaptismadhye sahaa gut aadhalale jeey teen mool" "prasthan bindu" "madhye modale jaau shakatatah" "dakshin german anabaptism, swis brotherance aanee melchiorites". tyanchya bahujanan siddhantanusar, dakshin german-austriyan anabaptism haah "reinland goodhvadacha eka patal prakar hota," swis anabaptism "sudharit mandalvadatun udbhavala" aanee dutch anabaptism "samajik ashantata aanee melchiyar hofmanchya sarvanashkari drushtikonandware" tayar jhaala. swees bandhunchya chalvalivyatirikt itar strotankadun anabaptist chalvalivar kassa prabhav padala yachee udaharane mhanoon, 1542 chya pilgram markekvar 1533 chya munester dharamshastradnya bernhard rothmancha kholvar kassa prabhav padala yacha ullekh keela gela aahe. melchiyar hofmanne heey lihilyanantar lagechach tyanni sarvanashavar tyache bhashya vaparale tevha tyanni hattaraitsavar prabhav padala.
polygenesischya samarthanarth lihilelya itaranmadhye aanee thomas muntzer aanee hans zopadi yanchyat sambandh prasthapit karananya walter classen yancha samavesh aahe. dusarya eka pustakat, goatfried cbab aanee verner packle yanni dakshin german anabaptism nirmitivar thomas muntzarcha prabhav darshavila. tyachpramane, lekhak steven ozmentne hans denk aanee hans hatkela thomas muntzer, sebastian phrank aanee itaranshi jodale. lekhak calvin patterne darshavile qee andreus carlstadne vividh kshetranmadhye swees anabaptismover kassa prabhav padala, jyat dharmgranthambaddalcha tyacha drushtikon, charchcha siddhant aanee baptismyabaddalche drushtikon yancha samavesh aahe.
thore holl, keneth davis aanee robbert creider yanchyasah anek itihaskaranni, yaa sudharanancha brand ekmekanpasun swatantrapane kassa vikasit houu shakato yacha hishob karnyasathi, nirgaman honyachya teen mool bindunmadhye, kattarpanthi sudharkanvar manavtavadacha prabhav nondavala aahe. tulanene alikadil sanshodhan, andreau pii. yanni adhik pragat aanee jaanunbujun suru kele. clagger, 16vya shatkachya suruvatila charchchya vadilancha prabhav aanee vishisht vachanane europechya vegvegalya pradeshanmadhye spashtapane anabaptist shraddha aanee paddhatinchya vikasat kase yogdan dile yacha dekhil shodh ghete, jyat netherlandsmadhil meno symens, switzerlandmadhil conrad grebel, madhya germanytil thomas muntzer, tyrollmadhil pilgram marpek, moraviatil pieter walpot aanee visheshtah dakshin germany, switzerland aanee moraviyatil balthasar hubmyer yancha samavesh aahe.
apostolic uttaradhikar.
baptist uttaradhikarvadyanni, kahee vela, 16 vya shatkatil baptistanna khristachya kalapasoon charchchya (church shashvatata) apostolic uttaradhikarancha bhag mhanoon soochit kele aahe. haah drushtikon kahee baptist, kahee menonites aanee anek "khyan church" chalvalinni mandala aahe.
baptist uttaradhikar siddhantache virodhak yavar jore detat qee heey bigger-catholic gut ekmekanpeksha spashtapane vegale hote, tyanchi kahee vidharmi matey hotee kinwa gatancha ekmekanshi konatahi sambandh navhata aanee tyanchi utpatti velenusar aanee jaagi donhi prakare vegali hotee.
uttaradhikarvadacha eka vegala prakar mhanje baptismyache anuyayi heey valdensian vanshache aahet assa siddhant aahe. kahijan ashee kalpana balgatat qee valdensian heey apostolic uttaradhikaracha bhag aahet, tarr itarancha fakt assa vishvas aahe qee teey eka swatantra gut hote jyatoon baptismyache anuyayi udayas aale. ludwig keller, thomas emm. lindsay, heinry clay wedder, delbert gratz, johnn tii. khrishchan aanee theleman jeey. vanne bragt ('shaheed darpan' chey lekhak) yaa sarvanchi vegvegalya pramanat ashee sthitee hotee qee, baptist heey valdensian vanshache hote.
itihas.
switzerland.
alrich zwingleyne prerit kelelya church sudharanancha eka bhag mhanoon switzerlandmadhil baptismyachi suruvat jhaali. 1522 chya suruvatilach, heey spasht jhaale qee zwingley jevha dashansh, samoohik aanee agadi arbhakanchya baptismyasarkhya catholic paddhatinvar prashna vicharoo kinwa teeka karoo lagla tevha too sudharananchya prachar margavar hota. zwingleyne tyachya bhovati sudharanashil mansancha eka gut gola keela hota, jyanchyabarobar tyane shastriy sahitya aanee shastrancha abhyas keela. tathapi, yapaiki kahee tarunanna asey vatoo lagale qee zwingley tyachya sudharananmadhye puresha vegane pudhe jaat nahee. zwingley aanee tyachya adhik kattarpanthi shishyanmadhil phoot aktoobar 1523 madhye zurich yethe jhalelya vadat spasht jhaali. jevha aacharanat konatahi vastavik badal naan karata jansamuhavaril charcha sampanar hotee, tevha conrad grebel ubha rahila aanee vicharale, "jansamuhabaddal kaay kele pahije?"zwingley yanni parishad haah nirnay gheil asey sangoon uttar dile. yaa kshani, hong yetheel kattarpanthi pujari sayman stumpf yanni uttar dile, "haah nirnay devachya aatmyane aadhich ghetala aahe."
zwingley aanee tyachya adhik kattarpanthi shishyanchya apeksha vegvegalya hotya heey yaa ghatanene spashtapane spasht kele. zwingliparyant, sudharana nagarparishadene tyanna parvanagi dilyaitkya veganech hotil. kattarpanthi lokansathi, parishadela too nirnay ghenyacha adhikar navhata, parantu tyaeivaji church sudharanancha antim adhikar baibal hota. nirash houn, tyanchyapaiki kahee jann baibal abhyasasathi ektyane bhetu lagale. 1523 salapasoon, vilyam rublinne zurichchya aaspaschya gavanmadhye arbhakanchya baptismyaviruddha prachar karnyas suruvat kelee, jyamule palakanna tyanchya mulanna baptisma naan denyas protsahit kele.
itar sudharanashil lokanshi sahvas midvinyasathi, yaa kattarpanthi gatane martin luther, andreus carlsted aanee thomas muntzer yanna patre lihili. 1524 chya uttaradhat felix manzane carlstadche kahee lekhan zurichmadhye prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee. toparyant arbhakanchya baptismyacha prashna chighalala hota aanee zurich parishadene zwingleyla, jyanni arbhakancha baptisma nakarla, tyanna 'joparyant prakaran sodavale jaat nahee', saptahik bhetanyache nirdesh dile hote. zwingleyne done satrannantar baithka todalya aanee felix manzane tyavar todga kadhanyachi vinanti parishadela kelee, kaaran zwinglisobat kaam karane khoop katheen aahe asey tyala vatale. tyanantar parishadene 17 janewari 1525 roji baithak bolavali.
parishadene yaa baithakit nirnay deela qee jeey aaplya balanna baptisma denyas nakar dett rahile, tyanni jarr eka aathvadyachya aat baptisma deela nasel tarr tyanna zurichmadhun hakaloon dile pahije. conrad grebelane 5 janewari 1525 roji janmalelya aaplya mulicha baptisma ghenyas nakar dilyane, parishadecha nirnay tyachyasathi aanee jyanni tyanchya mulancha baptisma ghetala navhata asha itaransathi atyant vaiyaktik hota. asha prakare, jevha sola kattarpanthi shaniwari sandhyakali, 21 janewari 1525 roji bhetale, tevha paristhiti visheshtah andharleli disat hotee. huterian chroniclemadhye yaa ghatanechi nond aaheh
tyanantar blorakne baptisma ghetala, tyaa badalyat tyane sabhemadhye itaranna baptisma deela. jaree kahinni yaa tarkhepurvi arbhakancha baptisma nakarla asala taree, yaa baptismyanni, jyanni arbhakanpramane baptisma ghetala hota, tyanche pahile punar baptisma chinhankit kele aanee asha prakare, tantrikdrushtya, tyaa divashi swis baptismyacha janm jhaala.
tyral.
george blorakchya shramandvare anabaptismcha uday jhaala asey disate. german shetkari yuddhapramanech, gasmer uthavane samajik nyayachi aasha nirman karoon munch tayar keela. michael gasemer yanni hinsak shetkari uthavadvare dharmik, rajkiy aanee aarthik sudharana aananyacha prayatna keela hota, parantu hii chalval radd karnyat aalee. gesamerache uthav aanee tyrolean anabaptism yanchyatil thet sambandh asalyacha farsa thos purava astitvat nasla taree, bandat sameel asalele kiman kahee shetkari nantar anabaptist banale. hinsak samajik kranti aanee anarodhak baptismyatil sambandh kalpana karane katheen asale taree, prachalit samajik anyayanmadhye aamulagra badalachi ichcha haah samaik duva hota. sashastr bandachya apayshamule nirash jhalelya, paryayi shantatapurn, nyayya samajachya baptist aadarshancha kadachit nirash shetkyanchya kananvar pratidhvani jhaala.
dakshin tyrollmadhye yogyaritya baptismyacha parichay honyapurvi, majee dominican asalelya hans vhischarsarkhya purushanni yaa pradeshat protestant kalpanancha prachar keela hota. jyanni conventicalsmadhye bhag ghetala, jithe protestant kalpana nantar sadar kelya gelya, tyapaiki kahee jann baptist banale. tasech, protestant asso kinwa baptist, sarvasadharanpane lokanchi sudharananprati anukool vrutti asalyache disun aale. george blorak yanni 1527 madhye puster valley pradeshat pravas karat prachar kelyache disate, jeey bahudha yaa bhagatil anabaptist kalpanancha pahila parichay hota. 1529 madhye yaa bhagachya aanakhi eka bhetine yaa kalpananna balkati dilee, parantu 6 september 1529 roji tyala pakadanyat aale aanee clausenmadhye tyala jaalun taknyat aale.
jacob hutter haah dakshin tyrolmadhil suruvatichya dharmantaritanpaiki eka hota aanee nantar hutteritescha neta banala, jyanna tyanchyakadun tyanche naav midale. hutterne moravia aanee tyrol darmyan anek feiiah kelya aanee dakshin tyrollmadhil bahutek anabaptist pratham ferdinandne kelelya tivra chhalamule moraviala sthalantarit jhaale. november 1535 madhye, clausenjaval hutter pakadala gela aanee tyala insbrookmadhye nenyat aale jethe 25 februwari 1536 roji tyala jaalyat jaloon khaq karnyat aale. 1540 paryant dakshin tyrolmadhil anabaptism sampu lagla hota, mukhyatve dharmantaritanchya moravhiyamadhye sthalantaramule kaaran satat chhal hott hota.
nimn desh aanee uttar germany.
melchiyar hofmann yanna khalchya deshanmadhye anabaptist kalpana sadar karnyache shrey dile jaate. hofmanne lutheranchi nivad kelee aanee kalpananmadhye sudharana kelee, parantu 23 april 1530 roji tyala strasberg yethe 'punha baptisma' denyat aala aanee done mahinyant too emdenla gela aanee sumare 300 vyaktincha baptisma ghetala. hofmanla atak karoon strasberg yethe turungat takalya jaiparyant anek varshe tyane khalchya deshanmadhye upadesh keela, jithe sumare 10 varshannantar tyacha mrutyu jhaala. hofmanchya sarvanashkari kalpana apratyakshapane munster bandkhorishi sambandhit hotya, jaree too "vegalya aatmyacha" hota. obe aanee dirk phillipscha baptisma zaan mathigechya shishyanni ghetala hota, parantu munster yethe jhalelya hinsacharala tyancha virodh hota. nantar obecha anabaptismule bhramniras jhaala aanee 1540 chya sumaras too chalvalitun baher padala, parantu david joris, tyacha bhau dirk aanee meno symens yanna niyukt karnyapurvi nahee, jyanchyapasun menonitesna tyanche naav midale. david joris aanee meno symens vegale jhaale, jorisne 'aatma aanee bhavishyavani' varr adhik bharr deela, tarr menone baybalachya adhikaravar bharr deela. menonite bajus, 'antargat' aanee 'aadhyatmik' varr bharr dilyane 'chhalapasun vachanyasathi' tadjod houu shakali, tarr joris bajus, menonite 'shastratil mrut patra' chya antargat hote.
chhal aanee vistaramule, kahee nimn deshanche menonite vistula tribhuj pradeshat sthalantarit jhaale, haah pradesh german lokanni vasavala hota parantu 1772 madhye too rashiyacha bhag hoiparyant polish rajvatikhali hota. tethe tyanni vistula tribhuj menonite tayar kele jyat pramukhyane uttar germanytil kahee itar menonite ektrit kele gele. 18 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, tyapaiki hajaro lock tethoon yukrenmadhye (jeey tyaa velee rashiyacha bhag hote) sthalantarit jhaale aanee tathakathit russian menonites tayar jhaale. 1874 pasoon, tyanchyapaiki anekanni america aanee canadachya preri rajye aanee prantanmadhye sthalantar kele. 1920 chya dashakat, canadian vasahatinch puranmatvadi gut mexico aanee paraguaymadhye gela. 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatis, tyapaiki sarvat puranmatvadi boliviala sthalantar karoo lagale. 1958 madhye, mexican menonites bellies yethe sthalantarit jhaale. 1980 chya dashakapasun, paramparik russian menonites argentinamadhye sthalantarit jhaale. lahan gut brazil aanee urugvet gele. 2015 madhye boliviatil kahee menonites perumadhye sthayik jhaale. 2018 madhye, tyapaiki 2,00,000 hoon adhik madhya aanee dakshin americetil vasahatinmadhye rahatat.
moravia, bohemiya aanee silesiya.
jaree moravian anabaptism heey europechya itar bhagatoon pratyaropan jhaale asale, taree moravia lavkarach vadhatya chalvaliche kendra banale, mukhytah tethe aadhalanaya mothya dharmik sahishnutemule. hans hatt haah tyaa bhagatil suruvaticha dharmpracharak hota, eka itihaskarane tyala itar serve baptist dharmpracharkanni ektrit kelelya pramanapeksha done varshant adhik dharmantaritanna baptisma denyache shrey dile. nicholsbergmadhye balthasar hubmeyerche aagman heey tyaa bhagatil baptist kalpanansathi nishchitpane chalana denare hote. sampoorn europemadhun dharmik nirvasitanchya mothya oghasah, moravhiyamadhye anabaptism anek prakar disu lagale, jarold zemanne kiman daha thodya vegalya aavruttyanche dastaivajikaran kele. lavkarach, eka-dolha jacob wideman nicholsberg yethe disala aanee tyane swis bandhunchya shantatavadi vishvasanna shikavanyas suruvat kelee, jyavar hubmeyer qamee adhikrut hota. yamule (talwar dharan karnara) aanee (kathee dharan karnara) yanchyat vibhagani hoil. wideman aanee tyachyabarobar asalelyannihi vastoonchya samudayachya prathes protsahan dile. lards auph licketensteenchya nicholsberg sodanyachya aadeshanantar, sumare 200 jann austerlitz yethe eka samuday tayar karnyasathi moraviala nighun gele.
dakshin tyrolmadhil chhalamule anek nirvasit moravhiyamadhye aale, jyapaiki anekanni vastoonchya samudayacha sarav karananya samudayanmadhye sthapana kelee. hutterites mhanoon olakhalya jaananya yaa goshti sanghatit karnyat jacob huttercha motha vaataa hota. parantu itar lock sileshiya, switzerland, german bhoomi aanee khalchya deshanmadhun aale hote. kaal aanee chhal jasjasa jaat gela tastashi, anabaptism itar serve aavrutya moravhiyamadhye nasht hotil aanee fakt hutteritech urtil. 1874 madhye, kahee avashesh transylvania, nantar ukraine aanee shevati uttar americet paloon jaanyasah, hataraitsadekheel chhalamule nasht hotil.
dakshin aanee madhya germany, austriya aanee alses.
dakshin german anabaptismchi mule german goodhvadat hotee. martin leuthersobat pahilyanda kaam kelelya andreus carlstadtkade, tyachya sudharatmak dharamshastramule, jyane arbhakanchya baptismyasaha anek catholic paddhati nakarlya, dakshin german baptismyacha agradoot mhanoon pahile jaate. tathapi, carlstadtla 'punarjanm' midalyache kinwa tyane teey shikavale asalyache dnyat nahee. german goodh parshvabhoomi asalelya (thomas muntzarchya sandarbhat) hans denk aanee hans hutt yaa doghannihi 'rebaptism' sweekarle, parantu akheris dabavakhali denk yaa kalpanepasoon mage hutley. tyachya kalatil itar serve baptist dharmpracharakanpeksha hanschya zopadine adhik lokanna suruvatichya anabaptism aanale asey mhatale jaate. tathapi, tyachya baptismyacha (kiman kahee vela kapalavar tauchi chinhe banavoon too keela gela) praptakartyasathi kaay arth asava yabaddal sambhram asoo shakato. kahinni heey eka chinh mhanoon ghetale aahe asey disate jyadvare teey zopadicha andaj vartavananya turkanchya sarvanashkari sudapasoon vachtil. 1528 madhye devache rajya yeil assa andaj lavnyaitka zumpadicha pravas jhaala. jevha bhavishyavani ayashasvi jhaali, tevha tyache kahee dharmantarit lock nirash jhaale aanee tyanni baptist chalval sodali. augsberg yetheel anabaptistanchi mothee mandali tutali (anshatah chhalamule) aanee jeey anabaptist kalpanansah rahile teey swees aanee moraviachya anabaptist mandalyanmadhye villin jhaale. pilgram markek haah suruvatichya dakshin german anabaptismadhil aanakhi eka ullekhaneey neta hota, jyane denkchya antargat pavitratechya done tokanmadhye aanee itar anabaptistanchya kayadeshir mankanmadhye chalavanyacha prayatna keela.
chhal aanee sthalantar.
roman catholic aanee protestantanni chalvalichya vadhis aala ghalanyachya prayatnanmadhye chhal aanee fashicha avalamb karoon, anabaptistancha chhal keela. zwinglichya netrutvakhalil protestantanni sarvapratham anabaptistancha chhal keela, 1527 madhye felix manz haah pahila anabaptist shaheed jhaala. 20 kinwa 21 meey 1527 roji roman catholic adhikaanyaanee michael sattlerla fashi dilee. raja ferdinandne budun jaane (jyala 'tisra baptisma' mhanatat) 'baptismyacha sarvottam upay' ghoshit keela. tudor rajvatit, agadi protestant samratannihi (englandche edward sahave aanee englandchi elizabeth pahili), anabaptistancha chhal keela kaaran tyanna khoop kattarpanthi manale jaat hote aanee tyamule dharmik sthiratesathi dhoka hota.
theodosius pahila aanee justinian pahila yanchya pracheen kayadyanni anabaptistancha chhal maaf keela hota, jeey dankartyanviruddha manjur karnyat aale hote aanee jyanni punarjanm ghetala tyanna fashichi shiksha thothavali hotee. "theleman jeey. yanni lihilele 'shaheed darpan'. vanne bragt, 1525 teey 1660 darmyan europechya vividh bhaganmadhye hajaro anabaptistancha chhal aanee fashiche varnan karato. europemadhil satatcha chhal haah ameesh, hutterite aanee menoniteschya uttar americet mothya pramanat jhalelya sthalantarasathi mukhyatve jababdar hota. calvinavadyanpramane, 1648chya westfeliyachya shantatet anabaptistanna manyata miloo shakali nahee aanee parinami, tyaa kararavar swakshari jhalyanantar barach kaal europemadhye tyancha chhal suru rahila.
itar khatyanmadhil paach teey daha takkyanchya tulanet, 'anabaptist shahidanmadhye mahilanche adhik thalakpane varnan kele jaate,' asha itar gatanmadhye anabaptism vegale aahe."
shraddha aanee pratha.
1527 madhye schleithem kabulijababat anabaptist vishvasanche sanhitakaran karnyat aale, jeey anabaptism vividh panthanchya (menonites, ameesh, hutterites, brooderhoff, schwarzenau brothers, river brothers aanee apostolic khrishchan) vishvasanche sarvottam pratinidhitva karate.
menonitessarkhya baptist sampradayanni shikavale aahe qee, "khyan shraddhemadhe naveen janm, devachi krupa aanee shaktine aadhyatmik punarutpadan samavisht aahe; 'vishvasanare' teey aahet jeey devachi aadhyatmik mule banale aahet."baptist dharamshastrat, taranacha marg" "keval vishvasadvare taranachya nyayvaidhyak samajadvare" "chinhankit keela jaat nahee, tarr pashchattap, aatm-nakar, vishvas punarjanm aanee aadnyadharanechya sampoorn prakriyedvare chinhankit keela jaato"."jyanna haah marg kayam thevayacha aahe tyanna navya janmanantar baptisma midato. baptismyache anuyayi vishvasoo vyaktichya taaran pravasat aadnyadharanechya mahattvavar mothya pramanat bharr detat.
ekunach, anabaptist suruvatichya khrishchan dharmachya vishvasanche palan karnyavar bharr detat aanee asha prakare tyanchya pratha palanyane vegale kele jaatat jyat anekada paay dhune, pavitra chumban aanee sanvad (schwarzenu bandhu aanee nadee bandhunchya paramparanmadhil prembhojanat yaa teen adhyadeshansah ektritpane palale jaat aahet), khrishchan doke jhakane, jagashi susangat nasalele, pratikar naan karane, kshama karane aanee malmatta samayik karane yancha samavesh hoto, jeey kahee samudayanmadhye (bruderhofpramanech) sampradayik jivanache roop ghete.
catholic, protestant, prachya rudhivadi kinwa purvekadil rudhivadi yancha bhag naan hota, baptist swatahla khristi dharmachi eka vegali shakha mhanoon pahatat.
prakar.
anabaptistmadhye vegvegale prakar astitvat aahet, jaree vargikaran heey moodabaddalchya vidvanachya drushtikonanusar badaltat. estepcha assa dawa aahe qee, anabaptism samajoon ghenyasathi, ekhadyane 'anabaptist, preranavadi aanee tarkvadi yanchyat farak karane aavashyak aahe. too blorak, grebel, balthasar hubmyer, manz, markek aanee symens hyanna anabaptist mhanoon vargikrut karato. too muntzer, storch ityadi gut karato. preranavadi mhanoon aanee maykal sarvatas, juan dii valdes, sebastian castelio aanee fostus sosinus yansarkhe triniteriyanvirodhi vicharvant mhanoon. ess. chinhankit qaraa. ritchie yaa vichardhareche anusaran karat mhanato, "anabaptist heey 'kattarpanthi' sudharkanchya anek shakhanpaiki eka hote (mhanje.eae. jeey sudharak mukhya pravahatil sudharkanpeksha pudhe gele) teey punarujjivan aanee sudharananmadhun udayas aale. itar done shakha aadhyatmik kinwa preranavadi hotya, jyancha assa vishvas hota qee tyanna aatmyakadun thet prakatikaran midale aahe aanee tarkvadi kinwa trinidadvirodhi, jyanni michael sarvatas sarkhya paramparik khrishchan siddhantaviruddha bund kele."
bahujanan drushtikonatun, mothya halchalichi vyakhya karnyasathi 'anabaptist' chaa vapar karatat aanee prerana denare aanee tarkvadi yanna kharey anabaptist mhanoon samavisht karatat. james emm. jyanni balpanatach aadhich baptisma ghetalelya vyaktincha 'punarjanm' ghetala tyanchyasathi rahnare 'anabaptist' haah shabd vaparat asat. walter classen haah kadachit pahila menonite vidwan hota jyane tyachya 1960 chya auxford prabandhat 'anabaptist' chee vyakhya asha prakare kelee hotee. heey bender aanee friedman sarkhya menonite vidvananni dharan kelelya mageel manakancha nakar darshavate.
vargikaran karanyachi dusari paddhat, swis bandhu (grebel, manz), dutch aanee frisian anabaptism (meno symens, dirk phillips) aanee dakshin german anabaptism (hubmyer, markek) yasarkhya pradeshik bhinnatela manyata dete.
itihaskar aanee samajshastradnyanni, jeey naveen jerusalem ubharanyachya tyanchya prayatnanmadhye hinsacharacha vapar karnyas tayar hote, asha kattarpanthi baptist aanee nantar vyapakpane menonites mhanoon olakhalya jaananya tyanchya shantivadi bandhunmadhye aanakhi farak keela aahe. kattarpanthi anabaptist gatanmadhye munsteritescha samavesh hota, jyanni german shahar munsterver 1534-1535 madhye kabja keela aanee tabyat ghetale aanee battenbergers, jeey 1570 chya dashkaparyant vividh veshat tikoon rahile.
aadhyatmikta.
karishmai abhivyakti.
anabaptist chalvalichya preranavadi shakhemadhye, nrutya, pavitra aatmyachya samarthyakhali yene, "bhavishyasuchak miravanuka" (1525 madhye zurich yethe, 1534 madhye munster yethe aanee 1535 madhye amsterdam yethe) aanee bhashanmadhye bolane yasarkhya karishmai abhivyakti disane asamanya navhate. germanymadhye kahee anabaptist, "samoohik sammohan, anubhavjanya upchar, glosolalia, vikrutata aanee shibir-baithakichya punarujjivanachya itar abhivyaktimule uttejit". nantar menonite aanee hutterite charchmadhye vikasit jhalelya anabaptist mandalyanni yaa abhivyaktinna protsahan denyacha cull dakhavala nahee, parantu chamatkarik goshti purnapane nakarlya naheet. udaharanarth, pilgram markekne chamatkar vagalanyachya virodhat lihileh "kinwa shastra yaa vagalanyavar jore dett nahee... yaa shevatchya kalatahi dewala mokalik aahe."mrutanmadhun uthavalelya kahincha sandarbh detana tyanni lihileh" tyanchyapaiki anekjan satat, talwar, dori, aag aanee panyane jhalelya yatna sahan karat rahile aahet aanee bhayanak, julami, naan aikalelya mrutyuncha aanee hutatmyancha tras sahan karat aahet, jeey serve teey sahajpane talhu shakale asate. yavyatirikt, jevha vishvasoo dev (joou shevati changulpanane bharalela asato) khristachya asha anek bandhu-bhagininna fashi dilyanantar, budavoon kinwa itar marganni marlyanantar tyanna mrutyupasoon kase uthavato heey pahato tevha dekhil ekhadyala aashchary vatate. aajahi teey jiwant aadhaltat aanee tyanchi swatachi saksh aapan aikoo shakato... jeey pahatat, agadi andhahi, asha goshti devache eka shaktishali, asamanya aanee chamatkarik karya aahet asey changlya vivekane mhanoo shakat naheet qaa? jeey teey nakartil teey kathor purush asavet."hutterit itihas aanee" "shaheed" "chamatkarik ghatananchya anek vruttantanna pratibimbit karatat, jase qee jevha martin navachya vyaktine 1531 madhye tyachya fashisathi pool olandatana bhavishyavani keleeh" "heey ekvelche pann dharmanishthanna yaa pulavarun nele jaate, parantu yapudhe nahee". thodyach velat itake hinsak vadal aanee puur aale qee pool padnyat aala".
pavitra aatmyache netrutva.
baptismyachya kalat baptismyachya kalat pavitra aatmyachya 'mukt marg' varr bharr deela gela, tarihi sarvancha nyay shastrannusar keela gela pahije asey tyanni mhatale. jyanna (eenaa-) baptist mhanatat, tyanche uttar-teey charchmadhye qaa jaat naheet", yaa shirshakacha swis anabaptist dastaivaj. rajya charchmadhye naan jaanyache eka kaaran asey dile gele qee yaa sansthanni mandalala "suvartemadhye shikavalyapramane khristi kramanusar kinwa 1 karinthakar 14 madheel devachya vachananusar" aadhyatmik bhetvastu vaparnyas manai kelee. "jevha asey vishvasanare ekatra yetat, tevha 'tumchyapaiki pratyekachi (pratyekakade laksh dya) eka stotra aahe, eka siddhant aahe, eka prakatikaran aahe, eka arth aahe' aanee asech pudhe. jevha ekhadi vyakti charchmadhye yete aanee satat fakt ekach vyakti bolat asalyache aikate aanee serve shrote gup asatat, bolat naheet kinwa bhavishyavani karat naheet, jeey tyala aadhyatmik mandali manoo shakatat kinwa swikartil kinwa 1 karinthakar 14 nusar kabool kartil qee dev tyachya pavitra aatmyadvare tyachya bhetvastunsaha tyanchyat vastavya kareet aahe aanee karya kareet aahe, tyanna bolanyachya aanee bhavishyavani karnyachya varr namood kelelya kramane ekamagoon eka prerit karat aahe."
aaj.
anabaptist.
aaj anabaptist khrishchan dharmachya pramukh shakhanmadhye ameesh, schwarzenau bandhu, nadee bandhu, hutterites, menonites, apostolic khrishchan church aanee brooderhoff yancha samavesh aahe. yapaiki anek paramparanmadhye (ameesh, menonite, schwarzenau bandhu aanee nadee bandhu) teen upasamuh aaheth (1) junya kramane anabaptist (2) puranmatvadi anabaptist aanee (3) mukhya kramane anabaptist; udaharanarth, schwarzenau bandhunmadhye junya kramane german baptist bandhu (jeey vahatukisathi ghoda aanee buggy vapartat aanee veej vaparat naheet), dunkered bandhu (jeey paramparik dharmik vishvasanche palan karatat aanee sadhya poshakhacha vapar karatat, parantu aadhunik soyee vapartat) aanee bandhunche church (jeey mukhytah eka mukhya gut aahet jethe sadasya samanya loksankhyepasun poshakhat vegale karata yet naheet).
jaree anek jann adhik prasiddha anabaptist gatanna (ameesh, hutterite aanee menonite) vanshik gut mhanoon pahat asale, taree aaj fakt amish aanee hutterite pramukhyane european anabaptistchya vanshajanni banalele aahet, tarr menonite vividh parshvabhoomitun yetat, jyat keval alpasankhyakanna vanshik menonite mhanoon vargikrut kele jaate. bandhu gatanni bahutek vela tyanchi vanshik vaishishthya gamavali aahe.
2018 madhye 86 deshanmadhye 21.3 laakh baptisma jhalele baptisma ghenare hote. 
germanymadhye 1920 madhye eberhard arnold yanni brooderhoff samudayanchi sthapana kelee, 1930 madhye hutteriteschee sthapana aanee sanghatanatmakpane sameel jhaale. 1933 madhye gestapone tyanchi malmatta japt kelyanantar haah gut englandla gela aanee tyanantar teey lashkari bharati talhanyasathi paraguay yethe gele aanee dusya mahayuddhanantar teey americet gele.
16 vya shatkatil aamulagra sudharananche thet vanshaj nasale taree, anekada german baptist mhanoon olakhalya jaananya schwarzenau bandhunpasun vyutpann jhalelya gatanna, anabaptist siddhant palalyamule anabaptist manale jaate. aadhunik kalatil bandhu chalval hii baptismyachi aanee kattarpanthi pitizamchi eka sanyojan aahe.
nava-baptist.
nava-baptisma hii visavya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee ekvisavya shatkachya suruvatila american evangelical khrishchanitimadhil eka dharamshastriy chalval aahe jee dharmashastradnyankadun prerana ghete jeey baptist paramparet sthit aahet parantu charchchya drushtine tyachya baher aahet. nava-baptist tyanchya "nimn church, prati-sanskrutik, bhavishyasuchak-punha-sankalpanechya viruddha-mooldharme" tasech shantatavad, samajik nyay aanee garibeevar laksh kendrit karnyasathi prasiddha aahet. menonite dharamshastradnya ronn sider aanee johnn howard yoder yanchya karyancha chalvalivar jordar prabhav asalyache varanvar namood kele jaate.
baptismaryambarobarche sambandh.
baptisma ghenare aanee baptisma ghenare yanchyat kahee samanata aahet, mhanunach kahee itihaskaranni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee baptisma ghenare baptisma ghenanyanpasun prabhavit hote. tathapi, yaa sambandhanvar itihaskarankadun khoop vaad aahet. baptisma ghenare aanee baptisma ghenare yanchyatil samanatanmadhye keval vishvasanaryancha baptisma, dharmik swatantrya aanee samoohikta yancha samavesh hoto. hii samanata asoonahi, 1624 madhye jevha londonchya vidyaman paach baptist charchani baptistancha nishedh keela tevha baptist aanee anabaptist yanchyatil sambandh tanale gele. englandche puritance aanee tyanchi baptist shakha swatantrapane udayas aalee aanee jaree tyanna anabaptist dharamshastrane mahitee dilee asali taree, londonchya baptist confession auph fethmadhye disalyapramane teey swatahla anabaptistapasoon spashtapane vegale karatat.dii. 1644, "jyaa charchana samanyatah (jaree khote asale taree) anabaptist mhatale jaate". shivay, baptisma ghenara itihaskar criss traffensted mhanato qee, 'anabaptist' heey suruvatichya samanya baptismarinshi kahee samya samayik karatat, parantu ekandarit hii samanata thodishi aahe aanee nehmich sambandhit nasate. shevati, aapan asey sangayala aale pahije qee khrishchanancha haah gut baptismaranchya aitihasik shikavanukinche pratibimb nahee ".
vyavharat, baptismaranni dongaravaril pravachanachi adhik shabdasha aadnya palali aahe, tarr baptismaranna samanyatah pratikar naan karane, shapath naan ghene aanee jarr pahila vaidh jodidar jiwant asel tarr punarvivah karanyachi aavashyakta nasate. paramparik baptismaranna mahilansathi doke jhakane, samanya kapade, jagapasoon vyavharik vegalepana aanee sadhya poshakhachi dekhil aavashyakta asate, jyachi bahutek baptismaranna aata aavashyakta nasate. tathapi, kahee baptist aanee samanya baptist yanni tyanche sambandh sudharle aahet aanee kadhikadhi tyanni ekatra kaam kele aahe.
samajavar prabhav.
16 vya shatkatil samanya baptist shraddha aanee pratha aadhunik khrishchan aanee pashchatya samajavar prabhav padat aahet.
anabaptist heey mukt church aanee dharmik swatantryache suruvatiche pravartak hote. 15vya aanee 16vya shatkat jevha baptismyachya abhyagatanni tyachi suruvat kelee, tevha rajyapasoon swatantra asalele dharmik swatantrya heey dharmaguru aanee sarkari netyansathi akalpaneey hote. dharmik swatantryachi tulana arajakateshi kelee gelee; kropotkin yaa suruvatichya anabaptist samudayanmadhye europemadhil arajaktavadi vicharancha janm shodhato.
andajanusarah
lokpriy sanskratit anabaptist patre astitvat aahet, visheshtah joseph hellerchya 'catch-22' yaa kadambaritil chaplain tapman, voltairchya 'candide' yaa kadambaritil james (jacks), giacomo meyarbirchya opera (1849) aanee 'luther blisset' yaa navane olakhalya jaananya samoohane lihilelya 'kyu' yaa kadambaritil madhyavarti patra.