dusare punic yuddh

dusare punic yuddh (ii. sha. puu. 218 teey 201) heey ii. sha. puu. aanee shatkat paschim bhoomadhyasagarachya done mukhya shakti carthage aanee rome yanchyat jhalelya teen yuddhanpaiki dusare yuddh hote. 17 varshe donhi rajye varchasvasathi sangharsh karat hotee, pramukhyane itali aanee iberiamadhye, parantu cicilly aanee sardiniya betanvar aanee yuddhachya akheris uttar aafriketahi. donhi bajunchya prachand samagri aanee manvi nukasananantar karthajiniyancha parabhav jhaala. macedonia, syracuse aanee anek numedian rajye ladhait odhali gelee aanee iberian aanee gallic sainyane donhi bajunni ladha deela. yuddhadarmyan teen mukhya lashkari natyagruhe hotih itali, jithe hannibalne roman sainyala varanvar parabhoot kele, cicilly, sardiniya aanee greesmadhye adhunmadhun sahayyak mohimansah; iberia, jithe hannibalcha dhakata bhau hasdrubalne italimadhye jaanyapurvi carthagenian vasahatvadi shaharancha sammishra yashasah bachav keela; aanee africa, jithe romne shevati yuddh jinkale.
pahile punic yuddh ii. sha. puu. 241 madhye 23 varshannantar roman vijayane aanee donhi bajunche prachand nuksan karoon sampale hote. yuddhanantar karthejane iberiamadhye aaplya malkicha vistar keela, jithe ii. sha. puu. 219 madhye hannibalchya netrutvakhalil carthagenian sainyane sagantum yaa roman samarthak shaharala vedha ghatala, tabyat ghetale aanee lutale. ii. sha. puu. 218 chya suruvatila romne karthejviruddha yuddh jaheer kele, jyamule dusare punic yuddh suru jhaale. tyaa varshachya uttaradhat, hannibalne aaplya sainyachi iberiahoon, gallmadhun aanee alpsvaroon sisalpine gallparyant (aadhunik uttar itali) chadhai karoon romananna aashcharyachakit kele. gallic mitranni balkat kelelya tyane trebia (218) aanee lake tracimine (217) chya ladhayanmadhye romananvar jabardast vijay midavala. 216 madhye dakshin italila gelelya hannibalne canchya ladhait punha romanancha parabhav keela, jithe tyane roman lokanni ektrit kelelya sarvat mothya sainyacha naash keela. teen varshanpeksha qamee kalavadhit 120,000 hoon adhik roman sainikancha mrutyu kinwa tabyat ghetalyanantar, romche anek italian mitra, visheshtah capua, karthejmadhye gele, jyamule dakshin italichya bahutansh bhagavar hannibalche niyantran midale. canenantar syracuse aanee macedonia carthagenian bajula sameel jhalyamule sangharsh pasarla. ii. sha. puu. 215 aanee 210 chya darmyan carthagenian lokanni roman-tabyat asalelya cicilly aanee sardiniya tabyat ghenyacha prayatna keela, parantu teey ayashasvi tharale. roman lokanni naveen sainya ubharanyasathi kathor pavale uchalalih gulam, gunhegar aanee jeey nehamichya malmattechi patrata purn karat navhate tyanchi nondani karane; yamule tyanchyakade shastrankhali asalelya purushanchi sankhya mothya pramanat vadhali. pudhil dashakbhar dakshin italitil yuddh chaloo rahile, roman sainyane haloohaloo karthejmadhye sameel jhaleli bahutek italian shahare punha tabyat ghetali.
roman lokanni ii. sha. puu. 218 madhye ishanya iberiamadhye eka nivassthan sthapan kele; carthagenian lokanni varanvar prayatna kele aanee teey qamee karnyat teey ayashasvi tharale. 211 madhye romananni iberiamadhye aakraman kele aanee tyancha darun parabhav jhaala parantu ishanyekade tyancha taba kayam thewala. ii. sha. puu. 209 madhye naveen roman senapati publius sipiyone dweepkalpatil mukhya carthagenian tall carthego nova tabyat ghetala. jaree hasdrubal aaplya bahutansh sainyane ii. sha. puu. 207 chya vasant rutumadhye gaull aanee nantar sisalpine gallmadhye maghar ghenyas saksham hota, taree 208 madhye sipiyone hasdrubalacha parabhav keela. yaa naveen carthagenian aakramanacha metoruschya ladhait parabhav jhaala. 206 madhye ilipachya ladhait sipiyone iberiamadhil carthagenian upasthiti kayamswarupi sampavali.
sipiyone ii. sha. puu. 204 madhye carthagenian aafrikevar aakraman kele, jyamule carthagenian sinetala hannibalche sainya italitoon parat bolavane bhag padale. 202 madhye zama yethe sipiyo aanee hannibal yanchya netrutvakhalil sainyanmadhye yuddhacha antim samna jhaala aanee parinami hannibalacha parabhav jhaala aanee karthejmadhye shantatesathi khatala dakhal jhaala. romne kelelya shantata kararane tyachya serve paradeshi pradeshanche aanee tyachya kahee african pradeshanche koreev bandhkam kadhoon ghetale. 50 varshannantar 10,000 chandichya pratibhechi nuksan bharpai dilee jaanar hotee. karthejala africabaher aanee aafriket keval romchya spasht parvangine yuddh karnyas manai hotee. tevhapasoon heey spasht jhaale qee carthage rajkiyadrushtya romchya adheen hote. romne aanee punic yuddhala suruvat karnyasathi ii. sha. puu. 149 madhye punha yuddh ghoshit karnyache nimitt mhanoon numedian lokanviruddha carthagenian lashkari karvaya kelya. ii. sha. puu. 146 madhye romananni carthage shaharavar hallah keela, teey lutale, tethil bahutansh loksankhyechi kattal kelee aanee teey purnapane uddhvast kele.
prathamik srot.
jhaali punic yuddhacha sarvat vishvasarh srot mhanje itihaskar polybius (πολιβιος), joou ii. sha. puu. 167 madhye romla olis mhanoon pathavalela greek aahe. ii. sha. puu. 146 nantar kahee kaal lihilelya 'itihas' sathee teey prasiddha aahet. polybiusche karya carthagenian aanee roman drushtikonanmadhye vyapakpane vastunishtha aanee mothya pramanat tatasth manale jaate. polybius haah eka vishleshanatmak itihaskar hota aanee jithe shakya asel tithe tyane lihilelya ghatananmadhye donhi bajunchya sahbhaginchi mulakhat ghetali. aadhunik itihaskar asey manatat qee polybiusne tyacha aashraydata aanee mitra sipiyo emilionschya natevaikanna anavashyak anukool vaganuk dilee hotee, parantu tyache khaate mothya pramanat ankit mulyavar swikarane heey ekmat aahe. aadhunik itihaskar andreau curry polybiusla polybiusla vishvasarh" mhanoon pahato; craise champian tyache varnan "eka ullekhaneey mahitipurn, mehanati aanee antardrashtipurna itihaskar" mhanoon karato.
jhaali punic yuddhache bahupatnitvache bahutansh vruttant ii. sha. puu. 216 nantar gahal jhaale aahet kinwa keval khandit swarupat astitvat aahet. parinami, roman itihaskar livy yane lihilela vruttant haah bahutansh yuddhacha mukhya srot aahe. heey samanyatah aadhunik itihaskarankadun vaparale jaate, jethe polybiusche vrutt astitvat nahee. livy polybiusvar mothya pramanat avalambun hota, parantu roman rajkaranabaddal adhik tapshilansah adhik sanrachit paddhatine lihile; too ughadpane roman samarthak dekhil hota. lashkari chakmakichi tyachi nond anekada spashtapane chukichi asate; abhijatvadi adrian goldsworti mhanato qee livichi "vishvasarhata anekada sanshayaspad asate" aanee itihaskar phillip sabin livhichya "lashkari adnyan" chaa sandarbh deto.
jaree anekada tukadyanchya kinwa saransh swarupat asale taree, yuddhache itar, nantarche, pracheen itihas astitvat aahet. aadhunik itihaskar sahasa roman yugat lihinare done greek lekhak diodorus seculus aanee cassius dioo yanche lekhan vicharat ghetat; johnn lezenbee yanni tyanche varnan 'spashtapane livipeksha khoopach qamee darjache' asey kele aahe, parantu tyanchya granthanmadhun polybiusche kahee tukade parat midavata yetat. greek naitiktavadi plutarkne tyachya 'samantar jeevanat' roman senapatinche anek charitra lihile. itar strotanmadhye nanee, shilalekh, puratatviy purave aanee punarbandhanitil anubhavjanya purave yancha samavesh aahe.
virodhi shakti.
bahutek purush roman nagrik lashkari sevesathi jababdar hote aanee payadal mhanoon kaam karayache, jeey shrimant ghodeswar hote, jeey ghodadalacha ghatak puravat asat. paramparenusar, yuddhadarmyan roman lock pratyeki 4,200 payadal aanee 300 ghodadalasah chaar sainyadal ubhe karat asat. sadharanpane 1,200 payadal, garib kinwa tarun purushanna manak sainyache kavach aanee upkarane parvadat navhati, tyanni bhala-sashastr chakmak karnare mhanoon kaam kele, jyanna valites mhanoon olakhale jaate. tyanni anek bhala uchalalya, jyaa durvaroon fekalya jaat asat, eka chhoti talwar aanee eka dhaal. urvarit lock judd payadal mhanoon, shareer kavach, eka mothee dhaal aanee lahan thartharat talvarisah susajj hote. tyanna teen shreneet vibhagale geleh pudhil shreneet done bhala dekhil hote, tarr jhaali aanee aanee shreneet tyaeivaji dhardar bhala hota. sainya up-ekake aanee vaiyaktik sainyadal heey donhi tulanene khulya kramane ladhale. darvarshi done purushanna varishtha dandadhikari mhanoon nivadane hii dirghkal chalaleli roman prakriya hotee, jyanna vanijya doot mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey yuddhachya velee pratyek sainyache netrutva kartil. done roman sainyadalanna tyanchya lattin mitrarashtranni puravalelya samaan aakarachya aanee susajj sainyadalanchya jodies ekatra karoon sahasa sainya tayar kele jaat asey; yaa sainyadalanmadhye sahasa roman sainyadalapeksha ghodadal adhik jodalele asate.
carthagenian nagarikanni tyanchya sainyat keval tevhach seva kelee jevha shaharala thet dhoka hota. teey kukhyatpane ayogya prashikshit aanee shist nasalele asale taree, tyanni tase kele, taree teey lamb lamb bhalene susajj asalelya sashastr judd payadalasah ladhale. bahutansh paristhitinmadhye karthejane aapale sainya tayar karnyasathi paradeshi lokanchi bharati kelee. anek jann uttar aafriketil hote aanee tyanna varanvar "libian" mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey. yaa pradeshane anek prakarche ladhau puravale, jyat pudhil goshtincha samavesh aaheh mothya dhaal, shirastran, lahan talwari aanee lamb lamb bhalesah susajj jawalche payadal; bhala-sashastr halake payadal chakmaki; bhala vahoon nenare jawalche-aurder shock ghodadal (jyala "judd ghodadal" asehi mhanatat); aanee durvaroon bhala fekanare aanee jawalchi ladhai talhanare halake ghodadal chakmaki. (nantarche ghodadal sahasa numedian hote.) jawalche kram asalele libian payadal aanee nagrik-sainya heey falenx mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya ghattapane bharalelya rachnet ladhatil. kahee prasangi kahee payadal, visheshtah hannibalchya sainyat, tabyat ghetalelya roman kavchala paridhan karat asat. yavyatirikt, iberia aanee gaul yaa donhi deshanni mothya sankhyene anubhavi payadal aanee ghodadal puravale. heey payadal nihshastra sainik hote jeey ugrapane hallah karayache, parantu ladhai lambanivar padalyas teey tutanyachi pratishtha hotee. gallic ghodadal aanee kadachit kahee iberian, kavach paridhan karat hote aanee jawalchya kramankache sainya mhanoon ladhale; bahutek kinwa serve giryarohak iberian halake ghodadal hote. balleric betanvarun varanvar slingerchi bharati kelee jaat asey. carthagenian lokanni yuddh hattinna dekhil kaam dile; uttar aafriket tyaveli sthanik african vann hatti hote.
chhavaniche kartavya aanee jaminivaril nakabandi hii sarvat samanya karvai hotee. jevha sainya moheem rabavat hote, tevha achanak halle, ghatpat aanee davpech samanya hote. adhik aupcharik ladhaya honyapurvi sahasa done sainya divas kinwa aathvade vegale tall thokat asat; kadhikadhi pratyek divashi ladhaichya kramane tayar hott asat. jarr konatyahi eka senapatila gairsoy vatat asel, tarr teey naan ladhata kooch karoo shakatat. asha paristhitit jarr dusra senapati ladhanyas tayar nasel tarr yuddh saktine karane katheen hote. yuddh kramvarit tayar hone heey eka guntaguntiche aanee purvaniyojit prakaran hote, jyala anek taas lagale. payadal sahasa yuddh reshechya madhyabhagi tainat kele jaat asey, tyanchya samore halakya payadal chakmaki aanee pratyek bajula ghodadal asate. jevha eka bajuchya payadal dalavar bajuchya kinwa magchya bajula hallah keela gela aanee teey anshatah kinwa purnapane jhakalele hote tevha anek ladhaya tharvalya gelya.
sampoorn yuddhadarmyan donhi rajyankade mothya tafyache tafyache tafyache tafyache tafyache hote. carthagenian tafa kvachitach samudrat utarato aanee jevha too asey karato tevha too sahasa vahtook jahajanna sobat gheuun jaat asey; tyane kvachitach aakramakpane kaam kele. yamule roman naudlala yuddhachya kalavadhisathi shreshthatva midale.
parshvabhoomi.
roman prajasattak eka shatkapasoon dakshin italian mukhya bhoomimadhye aakramakpane vistar karat hote aanee ii. sha. puu. 270 paryant arno nadichya dakshinekadil dweepkalpiy italivar vijay midavala hota, jevha dakshin italichi greek shahare (magna gracia) sharan aalee. roman vistarachya yaa kalat, carthage, jyachi rajdhani aata tunicia aahe, dakshin iberia, uttar aafrikechya bahutek kinarpattichya pradeshanvar, balleric bete, corsica, sardiniya aanee sisilichya paschim ardhya bhagavar varchasva gajavoo lagale hote. ii. sha. puu. 264 paryant carthage hii sisilivaril pramukh bahya shakti hotee aanee carthage aanee rome yaa paschim bhoomadhyasagariy pradeshatil pramukh shakti hotya. donhi rajyanmadhye sambandh changle hote, donhi rajyanni anek vela paraspar maitrichi ghoshana kelee hotee aanee tyanche majboot vyavsayik sambandh hote. abhijat richard mailschya matey, dakshin itali tyachya niyantranakhali aalyanantar romchya vistarvadi vruttimule karthejchya malkichya drushtikonasaha sisilimule donhi shaktinna rachnepeksha apghatane yuddhat adhik adkhalave lagale. pahilya punic yuddhache tatkal kaaran mhanje swatantra cicilian shahar rajya messana (aadhunik messina) chya niyantranacha muddah hota. ii. sha. puu. 264 madhye carthage aanee rome yanchyat yuddh jhaale.
heey yuddh pramukhyane cicilly aanee tyachya aaspaschya panyavar ladhale gele; roman lokanni ii. sha. puu. 256 madhye uttar aafrikevar dekhil ayashasvi aakraman kele. donhi bajunni prachand sahitya aanee manvi nuksanasah haah sarvat pradirgh satatcha sangharsh aanee pracheen kalatil sarvat mothe naudal yuddh hote. ii. sha. puu. 241 madhye, 23 varshanchya yuddhanantar, karthajiniyanancha parabhav jhaala. lutasiuschya roman-aadeshit tahanusar karthejane aapali cicilian malmatta romla dilee. romne bandkhor bhadotri sainik aanee libian prajanviruddhachya nihpakshapati yuddhadarmyan karthejchya vichalitatecha fayda ghet shantata karar modala aanee ii. sha. puu. 238 madhye carthagenian sardiniya aanee korsikacha taba ghetala. hamilkar barkachya netrutvakhali karthejane ii. sha. puu. 237 madhye bandkhorancha parabhav keela.
bandkhoricha samna punha karava lagla tarr karthejacha aarthik aanee lashkari tall majboot karane aavashyak aahe heey hemilkarla samajale; iberiamadhil (aadhunik spain aanee portugal) carthagenian malmatta dakshinetil mojkya samruddha kinarpattivaril shaharanparyant maryadit hotee aanee hamilkarne 237 bii. see. madhye jyaa sainyache netrutva kele hote teey sainya iberiamadhye nele aanee dakshin aanee purv iberiamadhye ardh-rajeshahi, swayatt rajya tayar kele. yamule chandichya khanee, krishi sampatti, manushyabal, shipyardsarkhya lashkari suvidha aanee bhavishyatil roman magnyanna aatmavishvasane samore jaanyasathi pradeshik kholee midali. hamilkarne viceroy mhanoon rajya kele aanee ii. sha. puu. 229 madhye tyacha javai hasdrubal aanee nantar ii. sha. puu. 221 madhye tyacha mulga hannibal yane tyache rajya kele. ii. sha. puu. 226 madhye romashi ebro kararavar sahmati jhaali, jyat ebro nadila carthagenian prabhav kshetrachi uttarekadil seema mhanoon nirdisht kele gele. pudhchya sahaa varshant kahee velane romne ebrochya dakshines asalelya saguntam shaharashi vegala karar keela. ii. sha. puu. 219 madhye hannibalchya netrutvakhalil carthagenian sainyane sagantamala vedha ghatala aanee aath mahinyanantar too tabyat ghetala aanee too lutala. romne carthagenian sarkarkade takrar kelee, aanee tatpuratya magnyansah tyachya cinetmadhye dutavas pathavala. jevha heey nakarle gele tevha romne ii. sha. puu. 218 chya vasant rutumadhye yuddh ghoshit kele.
pahilya punic yuddhachya samaptipasun romcha vistarhi hott hota, visheshtah uttar italichya bhagat poe nadichya donhi bajunna sisalpine gaul mhanoon olakhale jaate. ii. sha. puu. 232 pasoon yaa pradeshat gave aanee shete sthapan karnyachya roman prayatnanmule sthanik gallic jamatinshi varanvar yuddhe jhaali, jyancha akheris 222 madhye parabhav jhaala. 218 madhye roman lokanni aanakhi uttarekade dhakalale, pover done naveen shahare kinwa "vasahati" sthapan kelya aanee sarvottam jaminicha motha bhag tabyat ghetala. bahutansh gaull yaa ghuskhoricha santap karat hote.
itali.
hannible ii. sha. puu. 218 madhye alps olandato.
ii. sha. puu. 218 darmyan sisilichya aaspaschya panyat kahee naudal chakmak jhaali; romananni carthagenian hallah mage ghetala aanee malta bett tabyat ghetale. sisalpine gaul (aadhunik uttar itali) madhye, pramukh gallic jamatinni tethil roman vasahatinvar hallah keela, jyamule vasahati tyanchya purvichya mutin (aadhunik modena) vasahatimadhye paloon gelya, jithe tyanna vedha ghatala gela hota. eka roman madat dalane vedha todala, parantu nantar tyachyavar hallah karnyat aala aanee tyalach vedha ghatala gela. purvi roman lokanni iberiamadhye moheem rabavanyasathi eka sainya ubhe kele hote, parantu roman sinetane uttar italila pathvanyasathi eka roman aanee eka sahyogi sainya vegale kele. tyanchya jaagi naveen sainikanchi bharati kelyane septemberparyant sainyachya aayberiyasathichya prasthanala vilamb jhaala. tyach velee, sempronius longus yaa mahavidhyalayacha doot asalelya cicilly yetheel roman sainyane aafrikevar aakraman karanyachi tayari kelee hotee.
darmyan, hannibalne naveen karthejmadhye (aadhunik cartagena) eka carthagenian sainya ekatra kele aanee meey kinwa junmadhye tyala iberian adriatic uttarekade nele. dakshinekadil roman mitranna talhanyasathi tyane gaulmadhye pravesh keela aanee antardeshiy marg swikarla. rone crossingchya ladhait, hannibalne sthanik gallchya sainyacha parabhav keela, jeey tyacha marg rokhanyacha prayatna karat hote. iberian-baddh sainya gheuun jaanara roman tafa ronachya mukhajaval romchya mitrapakshachya masaliyavar (aadhunik marcel) utarala, parantu hannibalne romananna talhale aanee teey aayberiyaparyant suruch rahile. sharad rutuchya uttaradhat carthagenian alpschya payathyashi pohochale aanee hawaman, bhoobhag aanee sthanik jamatinchya chhapamar davpechanchya adchaninvar maat karat 15 divasant tyanna paar kele. hannible 20,000 payadal, 6,000 ghodadal aanee adnyat sankhyene hattinsah sisalpine gallmadhye aala-novembermadhye kahee kaal tyane jyaa 37 hattinsah iberia sodale tyapaiki vachalele; roman aadhich tyanchya hivalyatil nivassthani gele hote. hannibalchya italian dweepkalpat achanak praveshamule romchi varshasathichi niyojit moheem radd jhalih aafrikevaril aakraman.
carthagenian vijay, 218-216 ii. sha. puu.
italimadhye pohochalyanantar lagechach carthagenian lokanni shatruchya tauriniche mukhya shahar (aadhunik turinchya bhagat) tabyat ghetale aanee tethil annadhanyacha satha japt keela. ii. sha. puu. puu novemberchya uttaradhat carthagenian ghodadalane tissinuschya ladhait roman ghodadal aanee halakya payadalala parabhoot kele. parinami, bahutek gallic jamatinni carthagenian karanasathi ghoshit kele aanee hannibalche sainya 40,000 hoon adhik purushanparyant vadhale. sinetane cicilly uttarekadil sainyala aadhipasunach hannibla tond tond dalat sameel honyache aadesh dile, asha prakare aafrikevar aakraman karanyachi yojana sodoon dilee. semproniuschya netrutvakhalil sanyukt roman sainyala hannibalne trabiachya ladhait tyachya nivadichya aadhare ladhaiche aamish dakhavale. carthagenian lokanni romananna vedhale aanee 40,000 paiki keval 10,000 lock surakshitatechya margavar ladhu shakale. yaa vijayane sisalpine gallmadhye aapale sthan surakshit kelyanantar, hannibalne hivalyat aaplya sainyachi gallmadhye vibhagani kelee. nantarche mothya sankhyene tyachya sainyat sameel jhaale, aanee teey 50,000 sainikanparyant aanale.
parabhavachi batami romparyant pohochali tevha dhakka basala, parantu sempronius aalyanantar nehmipramane dutavas nivadanukanche adhyakshapad bhushavanyasathi heey shant jhaale. consulsney nivadalelya roman aanee romchya lattin mitrankadun pudhil sainyadalanchi bharati kelee; carthagenian chhape kinwa aakraman honyachya shakyateviruddha sardiniya aanee sisileela balkati dilee; ashach karananmule terrentum aanee itar thikani garrison thewale; 60 quinqueremcha tafa bandhala; aanee varshachya uttaradhat uttarekade kooch karnyachya tayarisathi ariminam aanee eretium yethe puravatha depo sthapan kele. done roman aanee done mitrapaksh, parantu nehmipeksha majboot ghodadalasah pratyeki chaar sainyadalanchi done sainye tayar karnyat aalee. eka aretium yethe aanee eka adriatic adriatic tainat hote; teey madhya italimadhye hannibalchi sambhavya pragati rokhu shaktil aanee sisalpine gallmadhye kaam karnyasathi uttarekade jaanyas tayar asateel.
ii. sha. puu. 217 chya vasant rutuchya suruvatila carthagenian lokanni katheen parantu asurakshit marg ghet, appenins binvirodh paar kele. hannibalne mukhya roman sainyala gayus flaminiuschya netrutvakhali eka khadatar ladhait khechanyacha prayatna keela aanee flaminiusla huskavoon huskavoon, ghaighait ghaighait, sanrakshanasathi pathvanyat aalelya bhagacha naash keela. hannibalne hallabol keela aanee lake traciminechya ladhait roman sainyacha purnapane parabhav keela, flaminius 15,000 roman marle aanee 10,000 kaidi ghetale. itar roman sainyatil 4,000 ghodadal dalalahi ambrian talavachya ladhait parabhoot karoon nasht karnyat aale. jarr kaidi roman asateel tarr tyanna white vaganuk dilee jaat asey; tabyat ghetalelya lattin mitranna carthagenian lokanni changli vaganuk dilee aanee anekanna mukt karoon tyanchya shaharanmadhye parat pathvanyat aale, yaa apekshene qee teey carthagenian marshal parakram aanee tyanchya vaganukibaddal changle bolatil. hanniballa aasha hotee qee yapaiki kahee mitrapakshanna pakshantar karnyasathi patvoon dile jaau shakate.
carthagenian lokanni etruria, nantar ambriya marge adriatic adriatic tyanchi kooch suru thewali, nantar dakshin italitil kahee vanshik greek aanee italian shaharanvar vijay midvanyachya aashene dakshinekade apulia madhye badalale. parabhavachya batamine rommadhye punha ghabarat pasarali. quints fabius maximus haah roman vidhansabhene hukumshaha mhanoon nivadala gela aanee tyane aakramkala qamee karnyasathi khalchya patalivaril chhalavar avalambun rahoon, rome tyachya lashkari samarthyachi punarbandhani karoo shakat nahee toparyant, khadatar ladhaya talhanyache 'fabian dhoran' sweekarle. hannibla pudhchya varshasathi apuliyacha naash karnyasathi mothya pramanat mukt sodale gele. italicha shatru uddhvast karat asatana ladhai talhalyabaddal fabius yaa kalat roman sainyachya kahee bhagansah, janata aanee cinetmadhye apriy hotah tyachya davpechanmule yuddh lavkar sampanar nahee yachee jaaniv hotee. hya vidhvansamule fabius yuddhat odhala jaeel yaa aashene hannibalne italichya sarvat shrimant aanee sarvat supic prantanmadhun kooch kele, parantu fabiusne nakar deela. roman lokanni fabiuschi (lattinmadhye) 'vilambak' mhanoon khilli udavali aanee ii. sha. puu. 216 madhye naveen vanijyadut nivadleh gayus terrentius varro, jyane adhik aakramak yuddh ranniticha pathpurava karnyache samarthan kele aanee lucius emilius pollus, jyane fabius aanee varro yanni suchavalelya dhoranache samarthan kele. 
ii. sha. puu. puu vasant rutumadhye hannibalne apulian maidanavaril cann yetheel motha puravatha satha tabyat ghetala. roman sinetane 86,000 purushanche sainya asalelya varro aanee polasdware duheri sainya ubharanyas adhikrut kele, jeey tyaa veleparyantchya roman itihasatil sarvat mothe sainya hote. poulus aanee varro yanni dakshinela hannibalcha samna karnyasathi kooch kele aanee tall thokala. hannibalne canchya ladhait sainyanmadhil mokalya maidani yuddh sweekarle. roman sainyane hannibalchya janivpurvak kamkuvat kendratoon jabardastine marg kadhala, parantu libianchya pankhanvaril judd payadal tyanchya agrabhagi firat hote, jyamule tyanchya bajoo dhokyat aalya. hasdrubal giscone davya bajoone carthagenian ghodadalache netrutva kele aanee roman ghodadalacha viruddha bajus parabhav keela, nantar romananchya mageel bajus hallah karoon jhaali bajoone tyanchya ghodadalavar hallah keela. mothya sankhyene asalele carthagenian payadal heey drubblene magoon sainya dalat ghusanyaparyant tikoon hote. parinami, roman payadalala sutakeche konatehi sadhan nasalyane vedhanyat aale. kiman 67,500 roman marle gele kinwa pakadale gele.
mails caneche varnan "romchi sarvat mothee lashkari aapatti" asey karate. toney naco dell hoyone trebia, lake tracimine aanee canche varnan yuddhachya pahilya teen varshant roman lokanna jhalelya teen "mothya lashkari aapatti" asey kele aahe. bryan carrie lihitat qee yaa teen parabhavanmule rome kosalanyachya umbarathyavar aala. canchya kahee aathvadyanchya aat silva litanachya ladhait ladhait roman sainyavar boee gaulsane sisalpine gaulsmadhye hallah keela aanee tyacha naash keela. fabius ii. sha. puu. 215 madhye vanijyadut jhaala aanee ii. sha. puu. 214 madhye punha nivadoon aala.
roman mitrapakshancha dosh, 216-214 ii. sha. puu.
canenantar italitil hannibalchya sainyabaddalachya polybiuschya vruttat farse kahee shillak rahile nahee. livy eka purn nond deto, parantu suvarn-siddhinusar, visheshtah tyachya ladhayanchya varnanachya sandarbhat, "tyachi vishvasarhata anekada sanshayaspad asate"; anek aadhunik itihaskar sahmat aahet, parantu tarihi yuddhachya yaa bhagasathi too sarvottam jiwant srot aahe.
dakshin italitil anek shahar rajyanni hannibalshee yutee kelee kinwa jevha carthagin samarthak gatanni tyanchya sanrakshanacha vishvasaghat keela tevha tyanna tabyat ghenyat aale. yamadhye capuache mothe shahar aanee turrentumche pramukh bandar shahar (aadhunik tanro) yancha samavesh hota. done pramukh sumnite jamati dekhil carthagenian karyat sameel jhalya. jaree anek apavad hote aanee madhya italitil romche bahusankhya mitra nishthavan rahile asale, taree ii. sha. puu. 214 paryant dakshin italicha motha bhag romchya virodhat gela hota. lahan shahare vagalata serve gave itaki majboot hotee qee hannibla hallah karoon tabyat gheta yet navhate aanee nakabandi hii dirghkal chalanari gosht asoo shakate kinwa lakshya bandar asel tarr ashakya hote. karthejchya naveen mitranna carthage kinwa agadi ekmekanshi asalelya samudayachi jaaniv qamee vatali. tyanni asha thikananchi sankhya vadhavali jyanche sanrakshn hannibalchya sainyane roman sudapasoon karane apekshit hote, parantu tase karnyat tyala madat karnyasathi tulanene qamee naveen sainya dile. asha italian sainyane, jeey ubhe kele gele, tyanni tyanchya mool shaharanpasun door kaam karnyas virodh keela aanee tyanni tase kele tevha kharab kamgiri kelee.
sthanik sansadhanancha vapar karoon roman lokanshi ladhanyacha prayatna karane haah italitil hannibalchya mohimecha eka mahattvacha bhag hota; sthanik loksankhyetun bharati vadhavane. tyacha adhinastha hanno ii. sha. puu. 214 madhye samaniyammadhye sainya vadhavu shakala, parantu roman lokanni beneventumchya ladhait yaa naveen shulkanna adavale aanee teey hannibla bhetnyapurvi tyanna nasht kele. hannible mitrapaksh jinku shakat hota, parantu roman lokanpasoon tyanche rakshan karane hii eka naveen aanee katheen samasya hotee, kaaran roman ajunahi anek sainya tainat karoo shakat hote, jeey ekoon tyachya swatachya sainyapeksha mothya sankhyene hote.
ii. sha. puu. 216 madhye hannibalchya sainyane campaniat kooch kelee tevha italiche dusare sarvat mothe shahar capua haah sarvat motha fayda hota. capuachya rahivashankade maryadit roman nagrikatva hote aanee kullinverg vivah aanee maitridware romananshi jodala gela hota, parantu spasht roman aapattinnantar italiche sarvoch shahar honyachi shakyata khoop tivra pralobhan siddha jhaali. capuanchya konatyahi konatyahi naslyamule, tyanchya aanee hannible yanchyatil kararache varnan maitricha karar mhanoon kele jaau shakate. ii. sha. puu. puu unhalyat jevha lokri heey bandar shahar karthejmadhye badalale tevha tyacha vapar lagechach italitil carthagenian sainyala sainik, puravatha aanee yuddh hattinsah balkat karnyasathi karnyat aala. yuddhadarmyan, koradya karthejdware majboot keleli hii ekmev vel hotee. hannibalchya sarvat dhakatya bhavachya netrutvakhalil dusare sainya ii. sha. puu. 215 madhye italimadhye utaranyache hote, parantu tethe karthejiniyanchya mothya parabhavanantar teey iberiala valavanyat aale.
darmyan, roman lokanni naveen sainya ubharanyasathi kathor pavale uchalalih gulam, gunhegar aanee nehamichya malmattechi patrata purn naan naan nondani. ii. sha. puu. 215 chya suruvatiparyant teey kiman 12 sainyadalanna maidanat utaravat hote; ii. sha. puu. 214 paryant aanee ii. sha. puu. 223 paryant 22. ii. sha. puu. 212 paryant tainat kelelya sainyadalanche purn purak 100,000 peksha jaast sainik hote, tasech nehmipramane, mitrapakshanchya sainikanchi sankhya titakich hotee. bahutansh dakshin italimadhye pratyeki andaje 20,000 sainikanchya maidani sainyat tainat karnyat aale hote. heey hannibalchya sainyala khulya ladhait aavhan denyasathi purese navhate, parantu tyala aapale sainya kendrit karnyas aanee tyachya halchalinmadhye adthala aananyas bhag padnyasathi purese hote.
macedonia, sardiniya aanee cicilly.
ii. sha. puu. 215 darmyan macedonian raja phillip wii. yane hannibla pathimba denyache vachan dile aanee ii. sha. puu. 215 madhye romviruddha pahile macedonian yuddh suru kele. macedonian lock ottrantochi samudradhuni olandun italimadhye utaranyacha prayatna kartil ashee romanatil lokanna chinta hotee. tyanni tyaa bhagat tyanche naudal jordarpane balkat kele aanee pahara denyasathi eka sainya pathvile aanee dhoka door jhaala. ii. sha. puu. 211 madhye rommadhye aadhich macedoniashi yuddhat asalelya greek shahar rajyanchi yutee asalelya atolian leagueshy yutee karoon macedonianscha samavesh hota. ii. sha. puu. 205 madhye heey yuddh vataghatidvare shantatesah sampale.
ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye karthajiniyanchya samarthanarth sardiniyavar bandkhori suru jhaali, parantu roman lokanni tee twarit hanoon padali.
ii. sha. puu. 215 purvi cicilly roman hatanmadhye thampane rahila, jyamule tayar sagari majbutikaran aanee karthejmadhun hannibalcha punha puravatha rokhala gela. panchahattar varshe tikoon asalela syracusecha juna atyachari aanee kattar roman mitra, hiro dusra, ii. sha. puu. 215 madhye maran pavala aanee tyacha uttaradhikari heroniumus tyachya paristhitimule asamadhani hota. hannibalne eka kararavar vataghati kelya, jyadvare sampoorn sisileela sirakusancha taba banavanyachya kimmativar syracuse karthejvar aala. sirakusan sainya claudius marcelluschya netrutvakhalil roman sainyashi barobari karoo shakale nahee aanee ii. sha. puu. 212 chya vasant rutuparyant sirakusla vedha ghalanyat aala. polybius aanee livy yaa doghannihi vedha kadhalyache vrutt, roman vedha yuddhala tond denyasathi aarkimidijchya yuddh yantrachya shodhavar kendrit kele aahe, jeey shaharachya majboot sanrakshanamule aadhich katheen jhaale hote.
ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye shaharala mukt karnyasathi himilkochya netrutvakhali eka mothe carthagenian sainya pathvanyat aale aanee aanakhi anek cicilian shaharanni romananna sodoon dile. ii. sha. puu. puu vasant rutumadhye romananni eka anpekshit ratrichya hallyat siracusever hallah keela aanee shaharatil anek jilhe tabyat ghetale. darmyan, carthagenian sainya plegmule apang jhaale hote. carthagenian shaharala punha puravatha karnyat ayashasvi jhalyanantar, urvarit syracuse ii. sha. puu. 212 chya sharad rutumadhye kosalale; archemedes eka roman sainikane marla.
karthejane ii. sha. puu. 211 madhye sisileela adhik sainya pathvile aanee aakraman suru kele. ii. sha. puu. 211 madhye hannibalne numedian ghodadalache eka sainya sisileela pathavale, jyache netrutva kushal libby-finician adhikari motones yanni kele, jyanni hiit-andd-runn hallyandware roman sainyache mothe nuksan kele. eka naveen roman sainyane ii. sha. puu. 210 madhye aggregentum yaa betavaril mukhya carthagenian balekilla hallah keela aanee eka asamadhani carthagenian carthagenian shaharacha romananna vishvasaghat keela. urvarit carthagenian-niyantrit shaharanni nantar aatmasamarpan kele kinwa tyanna balacha kinwa vishvasghatane tabyat ghetale aanee rome aanee tyachya sainyala cicilian dhanya puravatha punha suru karnyat aala.
itali, 213-208 bii. see.
canenantar 11 varshe dakshin italichya aaspas yuddh vadhale kaaran shahare karthajiniyanankade gelee kinwa tyanna fasavanukine tabyat ghetale aanee roman lokanni tyanna vedha ghaloon kinwa tyanna pravesh denyasathi aatalya gatanna adheen karoon tyanna punha tabyat ghetale. hannibalne roman sainyala varanvar parabhoot kele, parantu jethe tyache mukhya sainya sakriy navhate tethe romananni carthagenian-samarthak shaharanna dhamkavale kinwa carthagenian kinwa carthagenian-sahyogi tukadyanshi ladhai kelee; anekada yash midale. ii. sha. puu. 208 paryant carthagenian karyat sameel jhaleli anek shahare aanee pradesh tyanchya roman nishthekade paratale hote.
fabiusne ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye carthagenian-sanlagn shahar arpy tabyat ghetale. ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye hannibalne vayavya lucaniatil silarasachya ladhait sentenius penulachya roman sainyacha naash keela. tyach varshi nantar, hannibalne hardoniyachya ladhait aanakhi eka roman sainyacha parabhav keela, 18,000 sainikanchya sainyatoon 16,000 sainik harale. heey nuksan hounahi, romananni italitil karthajiniyanancha pramukh mitra asalelya capuala vedha ghatala. hannibalne romananna ladhaichi aupher dilee; livicha tyanantarchya ladhaicha tapasheel aspasht aahe, parantu carthagenian vedha uchalanyat asamarth asatana romananna mothya pramanat jivitahani jhaali asey disate. tyanantar hannibalne romananchya vedhyachya kamanvar hallah keela, parantu punha shaharala aaram miloo shakala nahee. ii. sha. puu. 211 madhye hannibalne punha vedha ghatalelya roman sainyashi ladhaichi tayari darshavali, yaveli tyanni tyanche kille sodanyas nakar deela. nairashyat hannibalne tyanchyavar punha hallah keela aanee punha paar padnyat apayashi tharala. tyanantar tyane romchya sanrakshanasathi vedha sodoon denyas romananna bhag padnyachya aashene aaplya sainyachi romchya dishene kooch kelee; tathapi, vedha ghalanare sainya tyaa jaagich rahile aanee tyanantar lagechach capua kosalale. shaharachi rajkiy svayatta kadhoon ghenyat aalee aanee roman nemoon dilelya dilelya thevanyat aalee.
210 madhye carthagenian lokanni herdoniabaher roman sainyala pahara dett pakadale, tyachya senapatine yuddh swikarlyanantar tyacha jordar parabhav keela. livine nantar hannibla numistrochi anirnit ladhai ladhvayala lavali, jaree aadhunik itihaskar tyachya vruttavar shanka ghet aahet. roman lock hannibalchya payavar ubhe rahile, ii. sha. puu. 209 madhye canutium yethe aanakhi eka jordar ladhai ladhale aanee punha tyanna mothya pramanat nuksan sosave lagale. yaa ladhaimule aanakhi eka roman sainya turrentmjaval jaaun vishvasghatane teey tabyat gheu shakale.
itali, 207-203 bii. see.
ii. sha. puu. puu vasant rutumadhye hasdrubal barkane alpschya palikade sainya gheuun aaplya mothya bhavachya karyachi punaravrutti kelee. tyane 35,000 sainikanchya sainyasah sisalpine gaulvar aakraman kele, hannibals sainyat sameel honyacha hetu hota, parantu hanniballa tyachya upasthitichi mahitee navhati. dakshin italimadhye hannibla tond tond romananni tyala sampoorn roman sainya ajunahi chhavanit aahe yavar vishvas thevanyas pravrutt kele, tarr eka motha bhag vanijyadut claudius nirochya netrutvakhali uttarekade kooch karat hota. tyanni jhaali vanijyadut marcus salinatorchya netrutvakhali romananna balkat kele, jeey aadhich hasdrubalacha samna karat hote. yaa sanyukt roman sainyane metoruschya ladhait hallah keela aanee carthagenian sainyacha naash keela, hasdrubalala thaar marle. yaa ladhaine italitil roman varchaswala pushti dilee aanee tyanchya fabian dhoranacha ant jhaala. apekshit balkatikaran naan karata hannibalchya sainyala mitra rashtranchi shahare rikami karoon brutiummadhye maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele.
ii. sha. puu. 205 madhye hannibalcha aanakhi eka dhakata bhau mago barca tyachya spanish sainyachya avasheshansah vayavya italitil jenuaamadhye utarala. tyala lavkarach gallic aanee ligurian majbutikaran midale. italian dweepkalpachya uttarekade magochya aagmananantar dweepkalpachya sudur dakshines ii. sha. puu. 204 madhye hannibalchi crotonchi anirnit ladhai jhaali. magone tyachya prabalit sainyachi karthejchya mukhya gallic mitranchya seasalpine gallchya bhoomikade kooch kelee, parantu mothya roman sainyane tyachi tapasani kelee aanee ii. sha. puu. 203 madhye insbriyachya ladhait tyacha parabhav jhaala.
ii. sha. puu. 204 madhye roman sainyane carthagenian matrubhoomivar aakraman kelyanantar, karthejiniyanna done mothya ladhayanmadhye parabhoot karoon aanee uttar aafrikechya numedian rajyanchi nishtha jinkalyanantar, hannible aanee tyachya sainyache avashesh parat bolavale gele. teey crotainhoon ravana jhaale aanee 15,000-20,000 anubhavi diggajansah carthage yethe utarale. mago dekhil parat bolavanyat aala; pravasadarmyan jakhmanmule tyacha mrutyu jhaala aanee tyachi kahee jahaje roman lokanni adavali, parantu tyache 12,000 sainik karthejparyant pohochale.
iberia.
iberia 218-211 bii. see.
ii. sha. puu. 218 chya sharad rutumadhye roman tafa masalapasoon pudhe chaloo rahila, ishanya iberiamadhye too vahtook karat asalelya sainyachi landing kelee, jithe tyala sthanik jamatincha pathimba midala. ibro aanee pyreni yanchyatil romananchya nivasamule iberiahoon italila jaanara marg bund jhaala, jyamule iberiahoon hannibla sainya pathvane katheen jhaale. ii. sha. puu. 218 chya uttaradhat carthagenian hallah sisachya ladhait mage hatavanyat aala. ii. sha. puu. 217 madhye ebro nadichya ladhait 35 roman aanee maselian jahajanni 40 carthagenian aanee iberian yuddhanaukancha parabhav keela, jyat 29 carthagenian jahaje nasht jhaali.
216 madhye hasdrubalala karthejkadun italimadhye jaanyache aanee tyanchya matrubhoomitil roman lokanvar dabav aananyasathi hannibalshee jodanyache aadesh midale. iberian jamatinvar carthagenian adhikar khoop najuk hota aanee tyaa bhagatil roman sainya tyala niyojit chalval amalat aananyas phaar balkat hote assa yuktivad karat hasdrubalne virodh keela. 215 madhye hasdrubalne akheris karvai kelee, roman samarthak shaharala vedha ghatala aanee dertosa yethe ladhai kelee, jithe tyane aaplya ghodadalatil shreshthatecha vapar karoon roman sainyachya bajoo saaf karnyacha prayatna keela aanee donhi bajunni tyanche kendra tyachya payadalane jhakale. tathapi, romananni carthagenian reshechya madhyabhagatun pravesh keela aanee nantar pratyek pankha swatantrapane parabhoot keela, jyamule mothe nuksan jhaale. hasdrubalsathi aata italimadhye hannibla balkati dene shakya navhate.
carthagenian lokanna sthanik celtiberian jamatinchya rommadhye pakshantaranchya latanna samore jaave lagale. roman senapatinni ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye saguntam tabyat ghetale aanee ii. sha. puu. 211 madhye tyanche sainya balkat karnyasathi 20,000 celtiberian bhadotri sainikanchi nemanook kelee. iberiamadhil carthagenian sainya teen sainyanmadhye vibhagale gele hote jeey ekmekanpasun vegale tainat kele gele hote heey lakshat gheuun romananni tyanchya sainyat phoot padali. yaa rannitimule 211 madhye done vegvegalya ladhaya jhalya, jyanna samanyatah sanyuktapane varchya betinchi ladhai mhanoon sambodhale jaate. donhi ladhaya romananchya sampoorn parabhavane sampalya, kaaran hasdrubalne romananchya bhadotri sainikanna valvantat jaanyasathi laach dilee hotee. vachalele roman ebrochya uttares tyanchya kinarpattivaril balekillyat mage hutley, jithun carthagenian lock tyanna punha baher kadhanyat ayashasvi tharale. claudius nerone ii. sha. puu. 210 madhye sainyabal aanale aanee paristhiti sthir kelee.
iberia, 211-205 bii. see.
ii. sha. puu. 210 madhye publius cornelius sipiyo, aanakhi roman sainyabalasah iberiamadhye aala. ii. sha. puu. 209 madhye kaljipurvak niyojit kelelya hallyat tyane iberiamadhil carthagenian shaktiche halake sanrakshit kendra, naveen carthage tabyat ghetale, sone, chandi aanee vedha tofkhana yancha eka motha lutt japt keela. tyane tabyat ghetalelya loksankhyechi sutka kelee aanee carthagenian lokanni tethe thevalelya iberian bandhakanchi sutka kelee, tyanchya jamatinchi nishtha sunishchit karnyachya prayatnat.
ii. sha. puu. puu vasant rutumadhye hasdrubal heey bekulachya ladhait sipiyoshi ladhanyasathi gele. karthajiniyanancha parabhav jhaala, parantu hasdrubal tyachya sainyatil bahutansh sainya mage ghenyas aanee konatyahi roman pathalagas rokhanyat yashasvi jhaala; tyache bahutek nuksan tyachya iberian mitranmadhye hote. cypio hasdrubalala pyrenichya paschim khindinvarun gaulmadhye tyachya ksheen sainyache netrutva karnyapasoon rokhu shakala nahee. ii. sha. puu. 207 madhye, gaulmadhye mothya pramanat bharati kelyanantar, hashdubalane tyacha bhau hannibla sameel honyachya prayatnat alps olandun italimadhye pravesh keela, parantu tyala shakya honyapurvich tyacha parabhav jhaala.
ii. sha. puu. 206 madhye, ilipachya ladhait, sipiyone 48,000 purushansah, ardha italian aanee ardha iberian, 54,500 purush aanee 32 hattinchya carthagenian sainyacha parabhav keela. yamule iberiamadhil carthagenian lokanche bhavitavya nishchit jhaale. iberiyamadhil shevatche carthagenian-tabyat asalele shahar, geds, romanankade valale. tyach varshi nantar roman sainyat bund suru jhaale, jyala iberian netyancha pathimba midala, karthajiniyananchya hakalpattinantar roman sainya dweepkalpat rahile hote, ashee nirasha jhaali, parantu sipiyone teey padale. ii. sha. puu. 205 madhye magone naveen koreev bandhkam punha midvanyacha prayatna keela, jevha roman kabjadharkanna aanakhi eka bandamule aanee iberian uthavane hadaravale, parantu tyala mage hatavanyat aale. mago tyachya urvarit sainyasah uttar italisathi iberia sodoon gela. romche nammatra niyantran asoonahi, ii. sha. puu. 203 madhye carthage aayberiyatun kiman 4,000 bhadotri sainikanchi bharati karnyat yashasvi jhaala.
africa.
africa, 213-206 bii. see.
ii. sha. puu. 212 madhye uttar aafriketil eka shaktishali numedian raja seafax yala romasathi ghoshit karnyat aale. pratyuttaradakhal carthagenian sainya spenhoon uttar aafriket pathvanyat aale. ii. sha. puu. 206 madhye carthagenian lokanni anek numedian rajyanna seafaxney vibhajit karoon tyanchya sansadhananvaril haah nichara sampavala. varsa nasalelyanpaiki eka hota numedian rajkumar masinisa, jyala asha prakare romchya bahupathat dhakalanyat aale.
aafrikevaril roman aakraman, 204-201 ii. sha. puu.
ii. sha. puu. 205 madhye publius sipiyola sisilimadhil sainyadalachi kamaan denyat aalee aanee aafrikevar aakraman karoon yuddh sampavanyachya tyachya yojnesathi svayamsevakanchi nondani karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. ii. sha. puu. 204 madhye aafriket utarlyanantar tyala masinisa aanee numedian ghodadalache sainya sameel jhaale. sipiyone donada yuddh kele aanee done mothya carthagenian sainyacha naash keela. jhaali chakmakinantar syrfaxcha pathlag karoon sirtachya ladhait masinisane tyala qaid kele; tyanantar masinisane roman madatine seafaxche bahutek rajya tabyat ghetale.
rome aanee karthejane shantata vataghati kelya aanee karthejane hannible aanee mago yaa doghannahi italihoon parat bolavale. roman sinetane masuda kararala manyata dilee, parantu avishvas aanee italihoon hannible aalyanantar aatmavishvasat vaadh jhalyamule karthejane too nakarla. hannibla jhaali sainyachya adhipatyakhali thevanyat aale, jeey italitil tyachya diggaj aanee aafriketil navyane ubhe kelelya sainyapasoon tayar jhaale, parantu kahee ghodadalasah. zamachi nirnayak ladhai ii. sha. puu. aktoobar 202 madhye jhaali. jhaali punic yuddhachya bahutek ladhayanpramane, romananna ghodadalat aanee karthajiniyanna payadalat shreshthatva prapt hote. hannibalne roman payadal rachnet pravesh karnyasathi 80 hattincha vapar karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu romananni tyancha prabhavipane pratikar keela aanee hatti carthagenian shrenitun parat gele. tyanantar roman aanee mitrarashtranchya numedian ghodadalane tyanche halle dabale aanee carthagenian ghodadalala maidanatoon hakaloon dile. roman ghodadal parat yeiparyant aanee karthejiniyanchya mageel bajus hallah kareparyant donhi bajunchya payadalanni anirnitpane ladha deela. carthagenian rachana kosalali; hannible haah maidanatoon paloon gelelya mojkya lokanpaiki eka hota.
roman vijay.
romne kelelya naveen shantata kararane tyachya serve paradeshi pradeshanche aanee tyachya kahee african pradeshanche koreev bandhkam kadhoon takale. 50 varshannantar 10,000 talant chandichi nuksan bharpai dilee jaanar hotee aanee bandhakanna nenyat aale. yuddhatil hatti thevanyasathi koreev kaam karnyas manai hotee aanee tyacha tafa daha yuddhanaukanpurata maryadit hota. africabaher aanee aafriket keval romchya parvangine yuddh karnyas manai hotee. anek jyeshth carthagenian lokanna haah karar nakarayacha hota, parantu hannibalne tyachya bajoone jordarpane bhashya kele aanee ii. sha. puu. 201 chya vasant rutumadhye too swikarla gela. tevhapasoon heey spasht jhaale qee carthage rajkiyadrushtya romchya adheen hote. sipiyola vijay pradan karnyat aala aanee tyala 'africanus' puraskar midala.
romcha african mitra, numidiyacha raja masinisa yane karthejvar varanvar hallah karnyasathi aanee carthagenian pradeshavar dandamuktisaha kabja karnyasathi yuddh karnyachya bandicha fayda ghetala. ii. sha. puu. 149 madhye, dusare punic yuddh sampalyanantar pannas varshanni, karthejane haah karar asoonahi, hasdrubalachya netrutvakhali, masinisachya virodhat sainya pathavale. oroscopachya ladhait hii moheem aapattimadhye sampali aanee rommadhil karthejinavirodhi gatanni dandatmak moheem tayar karnyasathi avaidh lashkari karvaiche bahan vaparale. tisare punic yuddh nantar ii. sha. puu. 149 madhye suru jhaale jevha eka mothe roman sainya uttar aafriket utarale aanee tyanni karthejala vedha ghatala. ii. sha. puu. 146 chya vasant rutumadhye roman lokanni tyancha antim hallah suru keela, shahar paddhatshirpane nasht kele aanee tethil rahivashanna thaar marle; vachalelya 50,000 lokanna gulamgirit vikale gele. purviche carthagenian pradesh aafrikecha roman prant banale. karthejchya jaagechi roman shahar mhanoon punarbandhani honyachya eka shatak aadhichi gosht aahe.

