
machchimaranchi paddhat

sankhyikimadhye, fishers methad, jyala fishers combined probability test asehi mhanatat, heey deta fusion kinwa 'meta-analysis' (vishleshanache vishleshan) sathiche eka tantra aahe. too ronald fisherne vikasit keela aanee tyache naav tyala denyat aale. tyachya moolbhut swarupat, tyacha vapar samaan ekoon gruhitkavar ("etch" 0) aadharit anek swatantrya chachanyanche parinam ekatra karnyasathi keela jaato.
swatantra chachani aakadevarisathi arj.
masemarichi paddhat sootra vaparoon pratyek chachanitil atyant moolya sambhavyateche, samanyatah 'pii-moolye' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya, eka chachanichya aakadevarit ('x' 2) sanyojan karate.
jethe "pii" aay "heey" aay "vya gruhitak chachanisathi pii-moolya aahe. jevha pii-moolye lahan asatat, tevha chachanichi aakadevari "x" 2 mothee asel, jee soochit karate qee null hypothesis pratyek chachanisathi kharey naheet.
jevha serve null hypothesis kharey asatat aanee "pii" aay "(kinwa tyanchi sambandhit chachani aakadevari) swatantra asatat, tevha" ex "2 chey 2" keey "degree auph friedams chee-varg vitaran asate, jethe" keey "mhanje ektrit kelya jaananya chachanyanchi sankhya asate. yaa vastusthiticha vapar 'x' 2 sathee pii-moolya nirdharit karnyasathi keela jaau shakato.
x" 2 chey vitaran heey khaleel karanastav eka chee-varg vitaran aahe; chachani "i" sathee null hypothesis antargat, pii-moolya "p" i "madhyantaravar eksaman vitaran [0,1] anusaran karate. eksaman vitarit mulyacha nakaratmak laghuganak ghatankiy vitarnanantar yeto. ghatankiy vitarnanantar done ghatkandware mojmap kelyas done anshanchya swatantryasaha chee-varg vitarananantarche praman milate. shevati, swatantra 'keey' chee-varg mulyanchi berries, pratyekamadhye done degree auph friedams, 2 'keey' degree auph friedams chee-varg vitaran anusaran karate.
swatantryachya gruheet dharnyachya maryada.
sankhyikeey chachanyanmadhil avalambitva samanyatah sakaratmak asate, jyacha arth assa aahe qee avalambitva vicharat ghetale nahee tarr "x" 2 chey pii-moolya khoop qamee (virodhi-snrakshak) aahe. asha prakare, jarr swatantra chachanyansathi machchimaranchi paddhat avalambun asalelya vatavaranat lagoo kelee gelee aanee pii-moolya shoonya gruhitak nakarnyaitke lahan nasel, tarr avalambitvacha yogya prakare hishob keela gela nasla tarihi too nishkarsh tikoon raheel. tathapi, jarr sakaratmak avalambitva lakshat ghetale gele nahee aanee meta-vishleshan pii-moolya qamee asalyache aadhalun aale tarr null hypothesischya virodhat purava samanyatah atipramanat deela jaato. keey' swatantra kinwa sakaratmak sahsambandhit chachanyansathi qamee kelele 'formula 2', 'formula 3' heey sarasari chukiche shodh darr, heey machchimaranchya 'ex' 2 'madheel atee-lahan pii-mulyachya upayukt tulanasathi alfa niyantrit karnyasathi purese asoo shakate.
aashrit chachani aakadevariparyant vistar.
jyaa prakarananmadhye chachanya swatantra nasatat, tethe "x" 2 chey null vitaran adhik klisht asate. scale kelelya yadruchchik chalasah null vitaranacha andaj lavane hii eka samanya ranniti aahe. vegvegalya pii-mulyanmadhil sahparivartan dnyat aahe qee nahee yavar avalambun bhinn paddhati vaparlya jaau shakatat.
tapkiri paddhaticha vapar, jyanche chachaniche moolbhut aakade dnyat sahparivartan matricks bahubhinna samanya vitaran asalele aahet, asha aashrit pii-mulyanche sanyojan karnyasathi keela jaau shakato. jevha sahparivartan matricks keval scalar gunakar ghatakaparyant dnyat asato tevha pii-moolye ekatra karanyachi parvanagi denyasathi tapkiri rung vistarato.
jevha avalambitva rachana adnyat asate parantu chachanya swatantra asalyache gruheet dharale jaau shakat nahee, tevha harmonic mean "pii"-moolya "pii"-moolye ekatra karnyasathi machchimaranchya paddhatila paryay dete.
arth lavane.
samanyatah samaan null hypothesis asalelya swatantra abhyasatoon, machchimaranchi paddhat samanyatah swatantra chachani aakadevarichya sangrahavar lagoo kelee jaate. meta-vishleshan null hypothesis asey aahe qee serve swatantra null hypothesis kharey aahet. meta-vishleshan paryayi gruhitak asey aahe qee kiman eka swatantra "paryayi" gruhitak kharey aahe.
kahee paristhitinmadhye, 'vijatiyata' chee shakyata vicharat ghene arthpurn tharate, jyamadhye shoonya gruhitak kahee abhyasanmadhye asate parantu itaranmadhye nahee, kinwa jethe vegvegalya abhyasanmadhye bhinn paryayi gruhitak asoo shakatat. nantarchya prakarchya vishamatache eka samanya kaaran mhanje loksankhyemadhye parinamache aakar bhinn asoo shakatat. udaharanarth, dusya prakarcha madhumeh vikasit honyasathi uchch glucose aaharacha dhoka pahana vaidyakeey abhyasanchya sankalanacha vichar qaraa. anuvanshik kinwa paryavaraniy ghatakanmule, glukojchya vaparachya dilelya patalishi sambandhit kharaa dhoka kahee manvi loksankhyemadhye itaranpeksha jaast asoo shakato.
itar paristhitinmadhye, paryayi gruhitak ektar sarvatrikdrushtya chukiche kinwa sarvatrikpane kharey aahe-kahee paristhitinmadhye teey tikoon rahanyachi shakyata nahee parantu itaranmadhye nahee. udaharanarth, vishisht bhautik niyamachi chachani ghenyasathi tayar kelelya anek prayogancha vichar qaraa. swatantra abhyas kinwa prayoganchya nikalanmadhil konatihi visangati yogayogamule asali pahije, kadachit shaktitil farkanmule.
dwimukh chachanyancha vapar karoon meta-vishleshanachya babatit, vaiyaktik abhyas vegvegalya dishene tivra parinam darshavitat tarihi meta-vishleshan null gruhitak nakarane shakya aahe. yaa prakaranat, pratyek abhyasat null hypothesis kharey aahe heey gruhitak aamhi nakarat aahot, parantu yacha arth assa nahee qee serve abhyasanmadhye eksaman paryayi gruhitak aahe. asha prakare, dwimukh meta-vishleshan heey paryayi gruhitkanmadhil vishamatababat visheshtah sanvedanshil aahe. ektarfi meta-vishleshan prabhav parimanatil vishamata shodhu shakate, parantu ekach, purv-nirdisht prabhav dishene laksh kendrit karate.
stofferchya zed-score paddhatishi sambandh.
machchimaranchya paddhatishi jawalcha sambandh asalela drushtikon mhanje stoffercha zed, joou pii-mulyanaivaji zed-gunanvar aadharit aahe, jyamule abhyasache vajan samavisht karata yete. samajshastradnya samuel aaa. yanchya navavarun yala heey naav denyat aale aahe. stoffer. jarr aapan "z" "i" = "" φ "" −1 (1 − "" p "" i ") asey dile, jethe" φ "heey manak samanya sanchayi vitaran karya aahe, tarr
ekoon meta-vishleshanasathi haah zed-gunank aahe. haah zed-gunank ektarfi ujavya shepatichya pii-mulyansathi yogya aahe; jarr done bajunchya kinwa davya shepatichya pii-mulyanche vishleshan kele jaat asel tarr kirkol badal kele jaau shakatat. visheshtah, jarr dwimukh pii-mulyanche vishleshan kele jaat asel tarr dwimukh pii-moolya (pii/2) vaparale jaate, kinwa davya shepatichi pii-moolye vaparlyas 1-pii.
masemarichi paddhat − logg ("p" i ") mulyanchya sarasarivar aadharit asalyane aanee zed-gunank paddhat" zed "aay" mulyanchya sarasarivar aadharit asalyane, yaa done drushtikonanmadhil sambandh "zed" aanee − logg ("pii") = − logg (1 − "φ" ("zed")) yanchyatil sambandhavarun yeto. samanya vitaranasathi, hii done moolye purnapane reshiyadrushtya sambandhit naheet, parantu teey 1 teey 5 paryantchya bahutek vela nirikshan kelelya zed-mulyanchya shrenivar atyant resheey sambandhanche anusaran karatat. parinami, zed-guna paddhatichi shakti jawaljawal machchimaranchya paddhatichya samarthyasarkhich aahe.
zed-score drushtikonacha eka fayda mhanje vajan aanane sope aahe.
jarr 'i' th 'z-gunank' w 'i' neey bharit keela asel, tarr meta-vishleshan z-gunank aahe
jeey null hypothesis antargat manak samanya vitaranache anusaran karate. machchimaranchya aakadevarichya bharit aavrutya midavata yetat, parantu shoonya vitaran swatantra chee-varg aakadevarichi bharit berries banate, jee kaam karnyasathi qamee soyichi asate.