sthalantar samajshastra

 
sthalantaritanchya samajshastrat, visheshtah vansh aanee vanshikta, samajik rachana aanee rajkiy dhoranachya sandarbhat, sthalantaritanchya samajshastriy vishleshanacha samavesh hoto. mahattvapoorn sankalpananmadhye ekatmata, sanskratikaran, upekshitata, bahusanskrutikata, uttar vasahatvad, aantarrashtravad aanee samajik ekatmata yancha samavesh hoto.
itihas.
visavya shatkapurvi.
anek samajanmadhye netivismcha pradirgh itihas aahe..
visavya shatkat.
visavya shatkat visheshtah shatkachya purvardhat jaagtik sthalantar vadhale. pahile mahayuddha aanee dusare mahayuddha yamule, european sthalantarit mothya pramanat americet aale (udaharanarth). visheshtah pahilya mahayuddhachya samaptinantar (1918), kahee americananni european sthalantaritanna american sanskratisathi dhokadayak mhanoon sambodhale. 1924 madhye united states congressne 1924 chaa immigration kayada manjur keela, jyane united statesmadhye pravesh pravesh sthalantaritanvar kadak kota thewala. 1920-1930 chya dashakat mahilanche nagrikatva heey serve vadil kinwa pativar avalambun hote, tyamule niyamanmule anek striya sthalantar karnyacha marg mhanoon vivah vaparat asat. yacha arth assa qee anek striyansathi teey ektar patni kinwa aaee honyashi jodalele asatat.
1960 teey 1990 chya dashakat, sthalantaritanna 'nokri ghenare' aanee 'gunhegar' asey label lavnyacha kalank qamee jhaala aanee tyaeivaji americananni sthalantaritanna american arthvyavastha, sanskruti aanee rajkiy vyavastheche labharthi mananyas suruvat kelee. visavya shatkachya purvardhat sthalantaritanna dilelya nakaratmak labelcha samajatil tyanchya krutee aanee aatm-aakalananvar prabhav padala asala taree (samajshastrat labeling siddhant mhanoon olakhala jaanara), sthalantaritanni aata samajat adhik sahajpane aatmasat karnyas suruvat kelee aanee majboot samajik jaale tayar karnyas suruvat kelee jyamule tyanchya samajik bhandavalachya sampadanala-"mahitee, lock kinwa vastunche dnyan aanee jodani jyamule vyaktinna pravesh karnyas, satta midvanyas kinwa anyatha samajik jaale vaparnyas madat hote".
ekvisave shatak.
samajshastradnyanni ekvisavya shatkat sthalantarancha barkaine abhyas keela aahe. visavya shatkachya suruvatichya kalat bahusankhya european sthalantaritanchya tulanet, ekvisavya shatkat pramukhyane ashiya, madhya purv aanee lattin amerikemadhun sthalantaritanche aagman jhaale. 2000 teey 2001 yaa kalat samajshastradnyanni american sanstha, sanskruti, aarthik karye aanee rashtriy surakshevaril naveen vaividhyapurn sthalantarit loksankhyechya kharch aanee fayadhyankade vishesh laksh dile aahe. 11 september 2001 roji jaagtik vyapar kendra aanee panchbhujavar jhalelya hallyanantar, samajshastradnyanni americansmadhun udbhavalelya madhya purvekadil sthalantaritanvar nirdeshit kelelya sthalantarvirodhi vaktavyachya pratikvadache barkaine vishleshan kele. sanrachanatmak karyatmak siddhantkaryanni yazman rashtranchya samajik sansthanvar, aantarrashtriy kayadyavar aanee ektrikaran daranvar-yuddh, aarthik asurakshitata aanee dahashatvadamule jhalelya samoohik sthalantarachya parinamanchahi abhyas keela aahe. yavyatirikt, samajik-sangharsh siddhant vaparoon samajshastradnyanni visheshtah, nokri aanee samajik halchalinsathi sthalantarit aanee sthanik kamgaranmadhil vadhatya spardhemule bajarpethet vadhalelya kathit spardhatmakatemule kamgar-bajar sangharshanche vishleshan kele aahe. jaagtik sthalantar darr vadhat asalyane, samajshastra kshetrala ekvisavya shatkatil sthalantaravar dekhrekh thevanyat vishesh rus aahe kaaran teey pratikatmak parasparsanvad, samajik sangharsh aanee sanrachanatmak karyatmakatechya moolbhut siddhantanshi sambandhit aahe.
pidhitala badal.
sthalantar abhyasanmadhye, samajik shastradnya vividh sthalantarit pidhyanna vegalya vyakhya detat. samajshastrat, 'pidhi' haah shabd 'junya deshapasoon' asalelya antarache mojmap mhanoon vaparla jaato. yacha arth assa qee samajshastradnya sadasya samajatoon americet sthalantarit sthalantarit lokanchi, praudh mhanoon, 'pahili pidhi' sthalantarit mhanoon, tyanchi american-janmaleli mule 'dusari pidhi' sthalantarit mhanoon aanee tyanchi mule 'tisari pidhi' sthalantarit mhanoon vyakhya karatat.
visavya shatkachya madhyat americet sthalantaritanchya pahilya, sadasya aanee tyanchya pidhyanni vishisht vaishishtye darshavali. visavya shatkachya madhyat madhyat aitihasik ghatananche sakshidar asalele sthalantarit palak asalelya sadasya pidhitil sthalantaritanni swatamadhye aanee lokpriy american sanskratimadhye eka vegali samajik olakh vikasit kelee. 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, american itihaskar marcus lii hanson yanni "dusari pidhi aanee tyanchya tyanchya pidhitil mulanmadhil vanshik olakhibaddalachya drushtikonamadhye spasht farak" asalyache nirikshan kele. dusari pidhi aatmasat karnyasathi utsuk hotee, tarr tisari pidhi bhavnikaritya 'vanshiktet' guntaleli hotee, jyachi vyakhya samajshastradnya dalton connelly yanni 'aekhadyacha vanshik guna kinwa sanlagnata' ashee kelee aahe.
tathapi, ekvisavya shatkatil sthalantarit aata tyanchya visavya shatkatil purvavartinpeksha adhik aatmasat karatat, visheshtah ingraji vaparnyachya sankramanat-americet sthalantaritanmadhye-sanvadasathi prathamik bhasha mhanoon.
samkalin sthalantarit pidhya samaan vanshik parshvabhoomi aanee sanskruti samayik karat asatana, tyaa pidhyanchya sadasyanmadhye samajik gatishilata, aarthik kamgiri, shaikshanik prapti aanee kautumbik sambandhanchya staravar farak aahet.
teen samajik drushtikon.
pratikatmak parasparsanvad.
pratikatmak parasparsanvad haah eka sookshm-stariy siddhant aahe jyamadhye samayik arth, abhimukhata aanee gruhitak heey lokanchya krutinmagil moolbhut prerana tayar karatat. haah siddhant, sthool samajshastrachya ulat, samorasamorchya parasparsanvadanmule samajik jug kase tayar hote yavar kendrit aahe.
sthalantaritanchya dharana kasha tayar hotat aanee tayar hotat heey samajoon ghenyasathi, pratikatmak parasparsanvad siddhant vaparla gela aahe. 1965 pasoon americet sthalantar vadhat aahe. janmat sarvekshananni heey dakhavun dile aahe qee, "1965 purvi lagechach sthalantar havey asalelya american lokanchi takkewari khoopach qamee jhaali hotee, parantu 1965 teey 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant varchya dishene chadhayala suruvat jhaali hotee, tyanantar tyat natakiyaritya vaadh jhaali". sthalantaritanchya varanvar nakaratmak pratima prasarmadhyamankadun samore yenyamule sthalantaritanchya vadhila sthanikankadun nakaratmak pratisad milanyache eka kaaran aahe. yavyatirikt, 1996 chaa vaiyaktik jababdari aanee kamachya sandhee samet kayada, sthalantarvirodhi bhavna vadhavane aanee moodvadi vaktrutva aanee united statesmadhil samajik chalvali yasarkhe sthalantar kayade. sthalantaritambaddalchya americananchya vruttiche spashtikaran denyat gut dhamkichi bhoomika mahattvachi asalyache siddha jhaale aahe. sthanik bhashesarkhya prasthapit sanskratichya pailunmadhye paradeshi badal kartil yaa bhitimule, moodvadi bhavna nirman hotat aanee dhruvikaran aanakhi vadhate. itar lock tyanna kase pahatat aanee teey swatahla kase pahatat heey tharvanyasathi sthalantaritanchya pramukh sthitiche mahatva hii udaharane ektritpane spasht karatat. udaharanarth, americet mexican sthalantaritanna bhedasavanara vanshik kalank 'mexican american lokanchi nimn sthitee aanee aatmasanman majboot karato. jevha mexican american lock tyanchya vanshavishayichi hii dharana antarbhut karatat, tevha teey tyanusar karya karoo lagatat aanee apratyakshapane hii dharana balkat karatat.
jaagtik vyapar kendravaril hallyanantar americet islamophobiamadhye jhaleli vaadh heey vyavharat pratikatmak parasparsanvadache eka udaharan aahe. 11 september 2001 roji jaagtik vyapar kendravar jhalelya hallyanantar, "arab aanee muslim (tasech latino, dakshin ashiyai aanee itar vyakti jyanna chukun tyanchya tvachecha rung, poshakh kinwa sanghatanatmak sambandhanchya aadhare arab kinwa muslim samajale gele hote) yanna, teey dahashatvadi hote, jeey american lokanna haanee pohochavanyacha hetu thevat hote, asha itaranchya gruhitkanmule, abhootpurv ulatsulat hinsacharacha samna karava lagla". 9/11 hallyannantarchya divas aanee mahinyant, muslim aanee arab lock tyanche kapade, uchchar, uchchar cases aanee tvachecha rung yasarkhya vaiyaktik vaishishtyanchya aadhare dveshyukt gunhyanna balee padat hote. pratikatmak parasparsanvadachya drushtikonatun, arab aanee muslimanvaril hinsak halle heey american lokanni arab aanee muslim lock aanee sanskratila shrey dilelya samayik gruhitke aanee arthanmule jhaale.
samajik sangharsh.
samajik sangharsh siddhant haah eka samajik drushtikon aahe joou samajakade satta aanee sansadhanansathicha satatcha sangharsh mhanoon pahato. yaa siddhantanusar spardhatmak hitsambandhanmadhil spardha heey samajache madhyavarti karya aahe. satta aanee sansadhanansathichya spardhemule samajik badal hoto, asey samajik sangharsh siddhantkaranche mutt aahe.
ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatipasun, sthalantaritanche samarthak aanee virodhakanni rashtriy arthvyavastha aanee kamgarvargavar sthalantaritanchya aarthik parinamanche vishleshan kele aahe. sthalantar daratil rashtriy vadhichya virodhakanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee sthalantaravar nirbandh ghalalyane "sthanik kamgaranche aarthik kalyan sudharate". sthalantaramule sthanik kamgaranna berojgari hote, assa virodhakancha yuktivad aahe. yaa yuktivadamagil kaaran asey aahe qee sthalantarit lock adhik aanee sansadhanansathi sthanik lokanshi spardha karatat. yaa vadhiv spardhemule sthalantarit kamgaranna adhik adhik midatat kaaran niyoktyanna nuktech americet aalelya uchch kushal sthalantaritala kamavar thevanyas qamee kharch yeto.qamee kushal sthanik kamgarapeksha tyanna kharokharach konatehi ingraji yet nahee. tathapi, sthalantaritanche samarthak assa yuktivad karatat qee sthalantaramule deshachi arthvyavastha sudharate kaaran adhik lock karyabalat pravesh karatat, parinami uchch utpadakta aanee kamgar bajarpethet spardha vadhate. yavyatirikt, samarthak assa yuktivad karatat qee sthanik loksankhyela sthalantaramule fayda hoto kaaran "sthalantarit sthanik kamgar aanee kampanyanni utpadit kelelya vastoo aanee sevanchi magani vadhavtat". samajik sangharsh siddhantkar asey suchavatat qee aarthik kamgiri aanee samajik halchalinsathi sthanik kamgar aanee sthalantarit kamgaranmadhil spardha, kaaran tee arthvyavastheshi sambandhit asalyane, sthalantar vadachya kendrasthani aahe.
sthalantaramule ekhadya rashtrachya sthanik sanskratit badal hoil ashee eka samanya bheeti aahe. samajshastrachya shakhet, 'sanskruti' chee vyakhya 'shraddha, parampara aanee paddhatincha sanch' ashee kelee jaate.
sthalantaritanchi sanrachanatmak karyakshamta.
sanrachanatmak karyatmakata haah eka samajshastriy drushtikon aahe, joou assa dawa karato qee pratyek samajachi kahee sanrachana aavashyak karye purn karnyasathi astitvat asate. samajshastradnya emil durkhem yanchya kalpananvar aadharit, yaa samajshastriy drushtikonatun samajala eka jiwant jeev manale jaate-ekonisavya shatkatil "sendriyavad" yaa siddhantapramanech.
samajachya arthvyavasthebabat, samajik ekatmata rakhanyat, tyat vyatyay aananyat aanee/kinwa yogdan denyat sthalantarit pramukh bhoomika bajavtat. udaharanarth, 1980 aanee 1990 chya dashakapasun, american arthvyavasthene asha kamgaranna pasanti dilee aahe jyanchyakade deu karnyasathi maulyavan kaushalye aahet. udaharanarth, jarr americet sthalantarit jhalelyankade deu karnyasathi maulyavan kaushalye asateel, tarr teey "amerikechya kamachya thikanchi bhasha aanee sanskruti yasarkhya americet aarthik yashachi shakyata vadhavu shakatat". sthalantaritanna deu karave lagnare manvi bhandwal aanee bhautik sansadhane, american arthvyavasthet aadhich astitvat asalelya sansadhananna purak tharoo shakatat. sanrachanatmak karyakartyancha assa vishvas aahe qee, parinam sakaratmak asso kinwa nakaratmak, sthalantaramule kamachya thikanchya samajik ektechya patalivar lakshaniy parinam hoto. samajik ekjutiche heey vishleshan samajshastradnya emil durkhem yanchya karyashi jawalun sambandhit aahe.
sanrachanatmak karyatmakatecha vapar karnare samajshastradnya heey spasht kartil qee sthalantar heey paradeshi samajatil sthalantarit loksankhyesathi ektrikaranache karya karate. visheshtah ekonisavya shatkat aanee visavya shatkachya suruvatila, tivra punarvasan kalat gatatil ekatmata anubhavanyasathi united statesmadhil sthalantaritanni samaan vanshik parshvabhoomichya lokanshi samajikaran karnyacha cull dakhavala. samooh ektechya yaa bhavnene samajik bhandavalat vaadh jhaali, jyamule lokanna ekatra thewale aanee sthalantaritanmadhye visangatichi bhavna qamee jhaali, jee "jeevan andaj lavnyayogya asel ashee aapan aata vajvi apeksha karoo shakat nahee tevha udbhavnari lakshyaheenata kinwa nirashechi bhavna aahe". tyamule tivra punarvasan aanee anomic aatmahatyechya prachalit prakarananchya kalat sthalantarit loksankhyemadhye samajik jaalyanchi nirmiti karnyasathi sthalantarane eka yantrana mhanoon kaam kele.
aantarrashtriyavad.
sthalantarabaddalache adhik samkalin samajik vishleshan heey aantarrashtriyatechya sankalpanet shodhale jaau shakate. heey vishleshan kadachit sthalantaranachya sambandhatmak parimananshi adhik sambandhit aahe, visheshtah jevha sadasya sadasya deshat sthalantar karatat tevha kutumbe aanee sambandh kase rakhale jaatat yachya sandarbhat. siddhantkar zlatco scrubbys assa yuktivad karatat qee kutumbanchya aantarrashtriy jaalyamadhye, sthalantarache namune 'bhavna' aanee 'sambandhit' yaa kalpananshi jodalele aahet.
shantata, yuddh aanee samajik sangharshache samajshastra.
sharanarthinche shastra mhanoon vishleshan, rajyatoon shatru rajyat mothya pramanat nirvasitanche palayan heey eka 'shastra' mhanoon jabardastine jhalele anubhav mhanoon kele jaate."

