gandhakanche allotropes

sulfur ghatak anek allotropeschya pramanat astitvat aahe. allotropeschya sankhyet, sulfur haah carbon nantar nantar kramankavar asato. allotropes vyatirikt, pratyek allotrope bahutekda greek upasarganni (α, β, ii.) chitrit kelelya bahurupanmadhye (samaan sahsanyojak bandhit ess renunchya vegvegalya sphatik sanrachana) astitvat asate.).
shivay, moolbhut gandhak hii shatkanushatke vyaparachi vastoo asalyane, tyachya vividh prakaranna paramparik nave dilee jaatat. suruvatichya kamgaranni kahee prakar olakhale jeey nantar ekeri kinwa alotropesche mishran asalyache siddha jhaale. kahee rupanna tyanchya swarupasathi nave denyat aalee aahet, udaa.jee. "motee gandhakchi maata", kinwa paryayipane tyanna olakhanyat pramukh asalelya rasayanshastradnyache naav dile gele, udaa.jee. "moothmancha sulfur I" kinwa "" engelcha sulfur "." 
gandhakcha sarvat samanyapane aadhalanara prakar mhanje orthorombic bahuroop, joou eka pucker ring-kinwa "mukut"-rachana swikarato. jawaljawal samaan aanvik sanrachanansah itar done bahuroop dekhil dnyat aahet. yashivay, 6,7,9-15,18 aanee 20 anoonchya gandhak vartulanchi mahitee aahe. uchch dabavar kiman paach allotropes advitiyapane tayar hotat, jyapaiki done dhatuche asatat.
sulfur allotropeschi sankhya 265 kj/mol chey tulanene majboot s−s bandh pratibimbit karate. shivay, bahutek ghatakanpeksha vegale, sulfurchya allotropesche sendriya dravkanchya dravnanmadhye herfer kele jaau shakate aanee etch. pii. ell. see. dware tyanche vishleshan kele jaate.
tappyachi aakruti.
salfarsathi daab-tapman (pii-tii) tappyachi aakruti guntaguntichi aahe (pratima pahaa). i (eka ghan pradesh) asey label kelele kshetra, α-sulfur aahe.
uchch daab ghan allotropes.
sabhovatalachya tapmanavaril uchch dabachya abhyasat, II, III, IV, V navachya chaar naveen ghan rupanche vaishishtya darshavile gele aahe, jethe α-sulfur heey i chey roop aahe. ghan rupe II aanee III hii bahupadi aahet, tarr IV aanee V hii dhatuchi aahet (aanee anukrame 10k aanee 17k chya khalee atichalak aahet). ghan namunyanche lesar vikiran heey 200-300 keey. bii. aar. (20-30 jee. pii. aii.) chya khalee teen sulfur prakar tayar karate.
ghan 'cyclo' allotrope tayari.
cyclo' tayar karnyasathi done paddhati astitvat aahet-sulfur allotropes. hexasulfur tayar karnyasathi sarvat prasiddha asalelya paddhatinpaiki eka mhanje hydrogen polysulfidever polysulfur dichlorides upchar karaneh
dusari ranniti titanosine pentasulfidecha ekkacha srot mhanoon vapar karate. heey sankul sahajpane polysulphide dravanapasun tayar kele jaateh
titanosine pentasulphide polysulfur chlorides abhikriya karateh
ghan 'cyclo'-sulfur allotropes.
"cyclo"-hexasulfur, "cyclo"-.
haah allotrope pratham emm. neey tayar keela hota. aar. 1891 madhye theosulfatevar etch. see. ell. saha upchar karoon engal. "cyclo"-narangi-laal rung aahe aanee eka rombohedral sphatik tayar karate. tyala ρ-sulfur, ε-sulfur, engalcha sulfur aanee etencha sulfur mhanatat. tayar karnyachya aanakhi eka paddhatimadhye sulfur monochlorides polysulphane pratikriya samavisht aaheh
cyclo' madheel gandhak ringmadhye 'khurchi' rachana asate, jee cyclohexenchya khurchichya swarupachi aathvan karoon dete. sulfurche serve anoo samatulya aahet.
"cyclo"-heptasulpher, "cyclo"-.
heey eka chamakdar pivale ghan aahe. cyclo-heptasulfurche chaar (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) prakar dnyat aahet. done rupe (γ-, δ-) darshavili gelee aahet. cyclo"-ringmadhye bandh lambichi 199.3-218.1 pii. emm. chee asamanya shreni asate. serve sulfur allotropspacky heey sarvat qamee sthir asalyache mhatale jaate.
"cyclo"-octasulfur, "cyclo"-.
octasulfermadhye pucker ring asatat aanee tee teen swarupat olakhali jaate jee fakt rings sfatikat pack karnyachya paddhatimadhye bhinn asatat.
α-sulfur.
α-sulfur haah nisargat sarvat samanyapane aadhalanara prakar aahe. jevha shuddha asate tevha tyacha rung hirwa-pivala asato (vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh asalelya namunyanmadhye 'cyclo' chey ansh teey pivale disatat). heey panyat vyavharikdrushtya aghulansheel aahe aanee kharab aushnik chalaktasah eka changle vidyut avahak aahe. carbon diasulfidemadhye teey khoop vidravya aaheh 25°seey. tapmanat 35.5 gramm/100 gramm dravak. tyachi orthorombic chrystal rachana aahe. α-sulfur haah "sulfurchi phule", "roll sulfur" aanee "sulfurche dudh" yaat aadhalanara pramukh prakar aahe. tyat pucker kelelya ring asatat, jyanna paryayipane mukut aakar mhanatat. ess-ess bandhanchi lambi serve 203.7 pii. emm. aahe aanee ess-ess-ess coone 98° chya dihedral konatoon 107.8 ° aahet. 95. 3°seey. tapmanat, α-sulfurche β-sulfurmadhye rupantar hote.
β-sulfur.
beeta-sulfur heey monoclinic sphatik swaroop asalele pivale ghan aahe aanee teey α-salfarpeksha qamee daat asate. heey asamanya aahe kaaran teey keval 95.3°seey. peksha jaast sthir asate; yaa tapmanachya khalee teey α-sulfurmadhye rupantarit hote. α-sulfurchi nirmiti mandavanyasathi 100°seey. varr sfatikikaran karoon aanee vegane thund karoon β-sulfur tayar kele jaau shakate. tyacha vitalanyacha bindu vegvegalya prakare 119.6 sase aanee 119.8 sase mhanoon uddhrut keela jaato parantu yaa tapmanachya aaspas too itar rupanmadhye vighatit hott asatana, nirikshan kelela vitalanyacha bindu badaloo shakato. 119°seey. vitalanyachya bindula 'aadarsh vitalanyacha bindu' aanee vighatana hote tevha samanya qamee moolya (114.5 sase.), 'naisargik vitalanyacha bindu' asey mhatale jaate.
γ-sulfur.
γ-sulfur pratham f neey tayar kele hote.doubleu. 1890 madhye moothman. tyachya swarupamule tyala kadhikadhi 'nacarius sulfur' kinwa 'motee sulfurchi janani' mhatale jaate. heey fikat pivalya monoclinic suyanmadhye sfatikikaran karate. yaa tighanpaiki heey sarvat daat swaroop aahe. 150°seey. peksha jaast tapalelya vitalalelya gandhkala haloohaloo thund karoon kinwa carbon diasulphide, ethyl alcohole kinwa hydrocarbonsmadhye sulfurche dravan thund karoon teey tayar kele jaau shakate. too nisargat rossicite khanij mhanoon aadhalato. lithiyam-sulfur (lii-ess) batterymadhye cathode mhanoon carbon fiber-sthir swarupat tyachi chachani kelee gelee aahe aanee batterychya aayurmanat tadjod tadjod polysulfidechi nirmiti thambavanyasathi heey pahile gele aahe.
"cyclo"-("aine" = 9-15,18,20).
yaa alotropesche vividh paddhatinni sanshleshan kele gele aahe, udaharanarth, titanosine pentasulphide aanee yogya sulfur sakhali lambichya dichlorosulfanver upchar karaneh
kinwa paryayipane dichlorosulphane aanee polysulfanever upchar karaneh
, aanee tayar dekhil karata yete. cyclo'-vagalata, ringjamadhye ess-ess bandh lambi aanee ess-ess-ess bandh coone asato joou ekmekanpasun vegala asato.
"cyclo"-haah sarvat sthir "cyclo"-allotrope aahe. tyachya sanrachanemadhye sulfurche anoo teen samantar pratalanmadhye, varr 3, madhyabhagi 6 aanee talashi 3 aahet asey pahile jaau shakate.
cyclo' chey done prakar (α-, β-) dnyat aahet, jyapaiki eka vaishishtyikrut aahe.
cyclo' chey done prakar-ringchi rachana kuthe vegali aahe heey dnyat aahe. α-, β-ii. chey samanya sphatikshastriy niyam vaparnyaivaji yaa sanrachananmadhye farak karane., jeey itar "cyclo"-sanyuganmadhye moolatah ekach conformerchya vegvegalya packingscha sandarbh detat, yaa done conformersna endo-aanee exo-asey mhatale gele aahe.
"cyclo"-· "cyclo"-educt.
heey mishran 'cyclo'-aanee 'cyclo'-inchya dravanatun tayar kele jaate. tyachi ghanata 'cyclo'-aanee 'cyclo'-darmyan aahe. sfatikamadhye 'cyclo'-aanee 'cyclo'-chey paryayi thurr asatat. hii samagri vegvegalya aakaranche renu asalelya allotropeche eka durmil udaharan aahe.
"catena" gandhak tayar hoto.
catena' sulfurche prakar 'haah shabd sulfurchya allotropeschya mishrananna sandarbhit karato jyamadhye catena (polymer cheen) sulfur jaast asato. vegvegalya prakaranchi nave dene atishay gondhalat takanare aahe aanee kaay varnan kele jaat aahe heey tharvanyasathi kalji ghyavi lagate kaaran kahee nave adlabadal karoon vaparali jaatat.
anakar sulfur.
anakar sulfur heey vitalalelya sulfurche 160°seey. tapmanavaril λ-sankramanapeksha adhik garam asalele shaman kelele utpadan aahe, jethe polymerisationmule "catena" sulfur renu tayar hotat. (yaa tapmanachya varr, drav vitalanyache gunadharm lakshaniyaritya badaltat. udaharanarth, sankramanadarmyan tapman vadhalyane chikatpana 10000 patinni vadhato). teey jevha nirjantukikaran karate, tevha ghan anakar sulfur tyachya suruvatichya kachyukt rupatoon plasticchya rupat badalate, mhanoon tyala 'plastic' aanee 'kachyukt' kinwa 'kachechya' sulfurchi itar nave dilee jaatat. plasticchya prakarala χ-sulfur asehi mhanatat. anakar sulfurmadhye 'catena'-sulfurchya rupanche 'cyclo'-swarupanmadhye misalalele eka jatil mishran asate.
aghulansheel gandhak.
vizavalelya drav gandhakane dhuun aghulansheel gandhak prapt hoto. yala kadhikadhi polymeric sulfur, micro-ess kinwa ω-ess mhanatat.
tantumay (φ-) gandhak.
tantumay (φ-) sulfur heey allotropic si-form aanee γ-"cyclo"-chey mishran aahe.
ω-sulfur.
ω-sulfur heey anakar sulfurpasoon tayar kelele vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh utpadan aahe jeey vidravya swarupanchya nishkarshanapurvi tanale gele nahee. tyala kadhikadhi 'dascha pandhara gandhak' kinwa atiushna sulfur mhanatat. heey si-sulfur aanee lamina sulfurche mishran aahe. rachana utpadanachya achook paddhativar aanee namunyachya itihasavar avalambun asate. eka suprasiddha vyavsayik prakar mhanje 'christex'. ω-sulfurcha vapar rabarchya vulcanizationmadhe keela jaato.
λ-sulfur.
λ-sulfur haah gandhak tapmanachya agadi varr vitalalela sulfur asato. heey bahutek 'cyclo'-asalele mishran aahe. thund λ-sulfur haloohaloo pramukhyane β-sulfur dete.
micro sulfur.
ghan adravya sulfur aanee vizavanyapurvi gandhak sulfurla micro-sulfur heey naav dile jaate.
π-sulfur.
π-sulfur heey gadad rangache drav asate, jeey jevha λ-sulfur vitalalele rahnyasathi sodale jaate tevha tayar hote. tyat ringche mishran asate.
biradical "catena" () sakhalya.
hii sandnya gandhak gandhak kinwa ghanatil sakhalyanmadhil dwaipakshik 'catena'-sakhalyanna lagoo hote.
ghan 'catena' allotropes.
catena'-sulfurchya shuddha rupanche utpadan atyant katheen asalyache siddha jhaale aahe. guntaguntichya ghatakanmadhye prarambhik samagrichi shuddhata aanee namunyacha aushnik itihas yancha samavesh hoto.
si-sulfur.
yaa prakarala tantumay sulfur kinwa ω1-sulfur asehi mhanatat, tyache changle vaishishtya aahe. tyachi ghanata 2.01 gramaise. mea. −3 (α-sulfur 2.069 jeesan. mea. −3) aahe aanee tyachya vitalanyachya 104°seey. chya aaspas vighatit hote. tyat samantar helical sulfur sakhali asatat. yaa sakhalyanmadhye davya aanee ujavya hatachya donhi valane aanee 95 pii. emm. chee trijya asate. ess-ess bandhanchi lambi 206.6 pii. emm. aahe, ess-ess-ess bandh coone 106° aahe aanee dihedral coone 85.3° aahe (α-salfarsathi tulanatmak aakade 203.7 pii. emm., 107.8 ° aanee 98.3° aahet).
lamina sulfur.
lamina sulfurche vaishishtya changle nahee parantu tyat criss-cross helices asatat asey manale jaate. yala χ-sulfur kinwa ω2-sulfur asehi mhanatat.
uchch-tapman vayoo allotropes.
diasulfer,.
diasulfer hii sulfur vafetil 720°seey. peksha jaast (tappyachya aakrutimadhye darshavilelya tapmanapeksha jaast) asaleli pramukh prajati aahe; 530°seey. chya qamee dabavar (1 emm. emm. etch. jee.), tee vafechya 99 takke bhag vyapate. heey trigunit diredical (dioxygen aanee sulfur monoxidesarkhe) aahe, jyachi ess-ess bandh lambi 188.7 pii. emm. aahe. jalatya gandhakcha nila rung jwalet tayar jhalelya renudware prakash utsarjit jhalyamule hoto.
drav sulfur dioxidemadhil atirikt iodines tatvik sulfurver upchar karoon tayar kelelya sphatikshastriy mojmapansathi renu sanyugat (eae = ess. bii.) adakala aahe. ketayanchi eka "open-book" rachana asate, jyamadhye pratyek aayan π * aanvik kakshetil jode naan kelele electron renuchya rikt kakshela daan karato.
trisulfer.
 gandhak vafemadhye aadhalate, jyat 440°seey. aanee 10 mimiechji tapman asalelya vafechya 10 takke prajatincha samavesh aahe. too cherry laal rangacha asoon tyachi vakaleli rachana ozonsarkhich aahe.
tetrasulfur.
 vafechya tappyat aadhalale aahe, parantu tyache vaishishtya changle nahee. vividh sanrachana (udaa.jee. sakhalya, shakheey sakhalya aanee rings) prastavit karnyat aalya aahet.
saiddhantik gananetoon chakriy rachana soochit hote.
penta sulfur.
sulfurchya vafanmadhye pentasulfur aadhalun aala aahe parantu too shuddha swarupat vegala keela gelela nahee.
allotropes aanee formchi yadee.
allotropes thalak asatat. 

