
joss ortiz-ichagyu

jose ortiz-ichagyu (2 august 1886 gwadaljara-7 september 1980 madrid) haah eka spanish udhyojak, audhyogik aanee lashkari abhiyanta, pilot aanee chhayachitrakar, construcions aeronauticas saa (kassa) chaa sansthapak aanee manad aajivan adhyaksh (socidad espanola dii automovils dii turizmo) hota. spaincha raja alphonso solavya yachya karkirdit tyala gentlehombrey dii camara conn isercio (shayankakshatil sajjan) mhanoonahi namankit karnyat aale hote.
charitra.
jose ortiz-ichagyu heey lashkari abhiyanta antonio ortiz aanee tyanchi patni dolores ichagyu yanche dusare apatya hote. yaa jodpyala done mulee aanee paach mule hotee, jyapaiki eka tarun vayat lashkari umedvar mhanoon maran pavala. tyachya janmachya velee, joseche vadil gwadaljara yetheel lashkari abhiyantyanchya akadamimadhye pradhyapak hote. teen varshannantar jevha vadilanna laa riyojachi rajdhani logrono yethe lashkari chhavaniche pramukh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, tevha kutumb logrono yethe gele, jithe jose motha jhaala aanee shalet gela. too swatahla 'riyojano' manat asey.
tyache vadil aanee aaee yanchya kutumbat dnyat kalakar nasale taree anek lashkari dall hote, taree tyacha teen varshancha motha bhau antonio aurties-ichagyu yala chitrakar vhayache hote. tyamule antoniola parisla pathvanyat aale aanee kalantarane too visavya shatkachya suruvaticha aantarrashtriy staravar prasiddha chitrakar banala. tyanche kaam sann sebastianmadhil museo sann telmo yetheel sampoorn samarpit kholeet aadhalate, jithe tyanche aaee-vadil tyanchya vadilanchya nivruttinantar rahat hote.
suruvatila jose aurties-ichagyune swatahsathi chitrakalekade valanyache uddisht thewale hote. vayachya 12 vya varshi tyane chhayachitranachya kalecha shodh lavala, jevha tyala parismadhil lashkari sanlagn asalelya kakankadoon bhet mhanoon tyacha pahila chhayachitran camera midalah too eka kodak camera hota jyadvare tyane tyache pahile chhayachitra kadhale aanee tyachi kalatmak pratibha vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee. 1903 madhye tyanni gavatil charchmadhil dharmopadeshadarmyan ('dharmopadesh aine laa aldia') laa riyojamadhye eka chhayachitra kadhale, jyasathi tyanna pudhchya varshi vittoriya yetheel pradarshanat pratham paritoshik midale. aadhich 1904 madhye, spanish chhayachitra masik 'graphos illustrado' neey tyachya chhayachitranvar eka ahwal prakashit keela.
parantu eka andalussian lashkari abhiyantyacha mulga asalyane aanee tyanchya aarthikdrushtya dusya mulala parisla pathvanyachi parvanagi naslyamule tyachya vadilanchya ichchecha aadar karnyasathi, 1903 madhye too gwadaljara yetheel lashkari abhiyantyanchya akadamimadhye sameel jhaala. tyanantar tyanche prashikshan aanee padvidananantar, tyanni uttar aafriketil spanish-morokkan yuddhadarmyan phuga unitmadhye seva kelee. 1911 madhye tyanni tyancha aerostat aanee viman chalavanyacha parwana midavala, aanee tyanna denyat aalela teey tisare spanish vyakti hote. aanakhi eka farak 1914 madhye aala, jevha tyane-capton hererasah-gibraltarchya samudradhunivar pratham uddan kele. 1916 madhye tyanni madridmadhye tyanchi patni carmen rubio hichyashi vivah keela. yaa vivahamule aath mule jhaali, jyapaiki teen aajahi jiwant aahet.
1909 teey 1916 darmyan, teey morokkochya spanish sanrakshit pradeshat gele asatana, tyanni tyanchi chhayachitranvishayak mahitipatanchi aavad suru kelee, jee tyanni spenla paratalyavarhi suru thewali. tyachya chhayachitranmadhye tyane keval bhupradesh aanee smarkech navhe tarr manav tasech tyanche vidhee dekhil tipale.
eka udhyojak aanee abhiyanta mhanoon teey vimanchalan aanee vahan udyog kshetratil tyanchya kamasathi prasiddha aahet. viman nirmiti vyavasayatil tyanchya upkramachi suruvat 1913 madhye parispasoon madridparyant eka moren-solnier gheuun uddan karnyachya tyanchya prayatnadarmyan jhaali. jevha vimanala aag lagali, tevha aurties-ichagyune keval swatahla tasech enginela konatihi haanee naan jhalyane vachavanyat yash midavale nahee, tarr tyane teey morokkomadhye aanale aanee-lashkari karvaichya darmyan-yacha vapar naveen vimanachya bandhkamasathi keela. uttar aafriketun akherchya paratalyanantar tyanni 1923 madhye sevile yethe viman utpadak construcions aeronauticas saa (kassa) chee sthapana kelee (bucker, dornier, henkel, jankarsdware parvanadharak nirmata; aaj tyache uttaradhikari eeds kassa heey edchi shakha mhanoon airbus vimananchya bandhkamat bhagidar aahet).
nantar, 1950 madhye, tyanni pahili assembly line spanish qaar nirmata 'socidad espanola dii automovils dii turizmo ess' chee sthapana kelee.aaa.'(ess.eae.aaa.tii. ess.aaa.) 1976 paryant, jyaa varshi tyanna yaa qaar companyche manad aajivan adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, (1986 pasoon volkswagen samoohachi upakampani mhanoon tyanchi jaaga aahe), akheris karyakari adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt honare teey pahile adhyaksh tharale.
ayushyabhar eka agraganya mhanoon, 1959 madhye, punha ekada vayachya 72 vya varshi teey united states havai dalachya eff-100 sebarmadhye saha-pilot mhanoon uddan karat hote, jeey tyaa velee serve yu.ess. europemadhil ladhau vimananchi-kassa karkhanyat durusti karnyat aalee hotee. toparyant supersonic vegane uddan karnari tee sarvat vayovruddha vyakti hotee.
chhayachitran karya.
aurties-ichagyucha ekikade thaam vishvas hota qee spenne audhyogik companyanchi sthapana karoon itar goshtimbarobarach tyaa kalatil bhavnenusar swatache aadhunikikaran kele pahije, parantu dusarikade vyapak aadhunikikaranamule paramparik kapade gayab houu shakatat, gavanmadhye badal houu shakatat aanee bhupradeshatahi parivartan houu shakate yachee tyanna jaaniv hotee. badal honyapurvi tyala kiman tyachya cameas qaid karayache hote aanee haah sanskrutik varsa dharoon thevayacha hota.
saundaryashastra.
kalatmak chhayachitranachya kshetrat, too kadachit spainmadhil sarvat lokpriy chhayachitrakar aahe aanee paradeshat sarvat prasiddha aahe. 1935 madhye 'american photography' yaa masikane tyala jagatil pahilya teen chhayachitrakaranpaiki eka mhanoon naav dile, tarr kahee samikshakanni tyala aajparyantchya sarvotkrusht spanish chhayachitrakaranpaiki eka dekhil manale aahe. chhayachitran haah eka chhand hota, jyasathi tyanni aapala mokala vel samarpit keela, visheshtah aathvadyachya shevati aanee tyanchya vividh sahalinmadhye, tevha hii manyata aanakhi gunakari banate.
kalatmak drushtikonatun ekhada tyala chhayachitranatil '98 chya pidhicha pratinidhi manato, parantu too anekada chitrakalechya chhayachitran chalvalit dekhil samavisht keela jaato, kharey tarr too spanish chhayachitran chitrakalecha sarvat prasiddha pratinidhi aahe, jaree hii usheera keleli vyakhya aurties-ichagyula kadhich aavadali nahee. tyanche chhayachitran karya lokanchi sarvat paribhashit vaishishtye, tyanchya chaliriti aanee tyanchya paramparik veshbhusha tasech thikane chitrit karnyavar kendrit aahe. chitrakalechya jawalchi eka vaiyaktik abhivyakti, anekada chhayachitraprakriya kartana prabhavancha vapar karoon, too tyachya chitrandware mandanyat yashasvi jhaala. echagyu heey hiradya aanee kolasa vaparnyasah chitrakalechya saundaryashastra aanee tantrambaddal ayushyabhar vishvasoo rahile.
kamache tantra.
1898 pasoon jevha tyanna pahila camera midala, tevha tyanni purnapane kalya aanee pandhya rangat hajaro chhayachitre kadhali. carbon printing ('carbon freson') sarkhyach eka vishesh tantracha vapar karoon tyane tyachya nakaratmak goshti ughad kelya, jee tyachya tarunyatil mukhya pravahatil pratha hotee. lavkarach tyacha vapar kalbahya jhaala, parantu tyane tyachya sampoorn kalet tyaa tantrache anusaran kele, jyamule tyachya sakaratmak goshtinna eka vishesh rung aanee adhik virodhabhas parinam midala, jyamule aata tyache kaam sahaj olakhata yete.
kagad tayar karane tasech chhayachitre midvanyachya prakriyesathi khoop sanyam, vilakshan kshamata aanee tyaa vishisht tantrache paripoorn vyavasthapan aavashyak hote. tyamule, varshanuvarshe aanee chhayachitran prakriya adhik sopee aanee svayanchalit hott gelyane, ajunahi heey tantra vaparat asalele kahee chhayachitrakar teey sodoon denyacha cull dakhavtat.
patrakat gelatinecha eka patal thurr hota jyavar eka kaala rangdravya jodale gele hote aanee teey prakashasathi sanvedanshil hote. chhayachitrakarane tyachya pratee eka prakriyeantargat yaa tattvavar aadharit midavalya qee pratimechya jyaa bhaganmadhye qamee prakash midato tyaa bhaganmadhye gelatin mauu raheel tarr pratimechya jyaa bhaganmadhye adhik prakash midato tyaa bhaganmadhye gelatin kadak hoil. prativar upchar-panyat aanee bhuimulat aanghol ghalane-rangdravyasah naan kathor jhalele gelatin virghalale aanee khalee pandhara bhag ughadala, tarr kathor gelatine aangholichya prakriyes virodh keela, rangdravya aat adakavale aanee nantar kaale bhag tayar kele. asha prakare kagdavaril pratima ughad jhaali. parantu tyavyatirikt kagad ajunahi ole asaleli hii chhapaleli pratima, brush aanee kapasachya swab kinwa scrapperscha vapar karoon punha sparsh kelee jaau shakate, jyamule sarjansheelatela bharpur swatantrya milate.
chhayachitrachya parinamanmadhye hastakshep karanyachi kshamata, rangdravyatun dilelya swaranchi adhik samruddhata aanee tyachi sthirata hii mukhya karane hotee qee jose aurties-ichagyune heey tantra vaparale. tathapi, hii pracheen paddhat tyachya pratimanmadhil sarvat majboot ghatak manali jaat nahee. ekhadya manoranjak vishayashivay, eka changli rachana, pratikrutinvar changle nirdeshit dive aanee drushyachi yogya mandani, thet freson kagdavar thevalelya kolshachya prakriyecha parinam ashleel hoil.
camerey.
vayachya 12 vya varshi ortizla tyacha pahila camera midala, eka kakakadoon bhetah too eka kodak camera hota jyane 8x6.6 centimeter swarupat 6 plates ghetalya.
tyacha dusra camera, joou tyala teen varshannantar midala, too dekhil eka natevaikakadun bhetvastu hota aanee joou too paach varshanpasun vaparat hota, too 9 x 12 centimeterchya swarupat kachechya pattyansathi 'photo esphere' hota.
1903 teey 1909 yaa kalat tyanni 9x12 centimetercha folding camera aanee lakadi stands 15x18 centimetercha travel camera vaparla.
tyane tipalelya veshbhusheche chhayachitra 13x18 seey. mea. chya pravas cameas hermegis edoscope lains aanee 26 seey. mea. chya kendra lambisah (lenscha veg eff/5) kadhale gele hote.
1934 madhye tyanni-visheshtah landscape shotsasathi-9x12 seey. mea. reflex camera aanee 13 teey 45 seey. mea. paryantchya phokal lambichya anek lenscha vapar keela.
tyanchya shevatchya 20 varshant (1970 paryant), tyanni ekach velee, eka linhoff technica aanee-tyaa velee press chhayachitrakar americet khoop lokpriy hote-eka graphlex speed graphik camera vaparla.
prakashne.
aurties-ichagyune swatah tyanchya kamanche chaar pustakanmadhye vargikaran karoon tyanche vargikaran keleh
yaa sangrahanmadhye aanakhi done malika jodalya pahijetah
tyanchya kamanchi moolye spasht aaheth tyanchya chhayachitranche saundarya aanee bhavyata, tyanchya vatavaranatil chavdarpana aanee sanvedansheelata, chitrit kelya jaananya paramparik vyaktimbaddalacha tyancha aadar aanee prem. tyachi chhayachitre ajunahi tee kadhalelya velepramanech aakarshan nirman karatat.
tyanche kaam anek vela punha prakashit jhaale aahe aanee jagbharatil anek thikani pradarshit jhaale aahe. tyanchya aayushyat tyanna spain aanee paradeshat anek puraskar midale.
tyache bahutek kaam navara vidyapithatil 'legado aurties-ichagyu' (aurties-ichagyu varsa) madhye thewale aahe, jyamadhye 'carbon freson' tantrantargat sadar kelelya andaje 1,000 mool rachana aahet aanee 20,000 hoon adhik nakaratmak aahet. centro dii investigation dell patrimonio etanologico' (vanshik varsa sanshodhan kendra) antargat, madridmadhil 'museo dell traje' (poshakhanche sangrahalay), 1933 madhye midavalelya 'tipos vaay trages' maliketil chhayachitrancha changla sangrah jatan karate.
purvalakshi pradarshan.
1929 madhye berlinmadhye tyanchya chhayachitranche eka pradarshan aayojit karnyat aale hote aanee tyanantar tyanche 'spanishe kopfe-builder aus castillion, aragonian und andalucian' heey pustak prakashit jhaale.
newyork shaharatil metropolitan museum auph artney 1960 madhye 'netradipak spain' navache eka purvalakshi pradarshan aayojit kele, jyamadhye aurties-ichagyu goya sarkhya kalakaransobat disala. yaa pradarshanat ortiz-ichagyuchi ainshi chhayachitre pradarshit karnyat aalee.
1998 madhye navara vidyapithane, metropolitan museum auph artney kelelya nivadivar aadharit aurties-ichagyuchya chhayachitra sangrahatil mothya bhagache malak, chhayachitranche purvalakshi pradarshan aayojit kele, jeey 1964 paryant sumare saath varshe utpadan kele. 1998 pasoon yaa nivadine vividh sangrahalaye aanee pradarshanancha pravas keela aahe, jyat 'museo nacional dii aart dii katalunya' (kataloniyache rashtriy qalaa sangrahalay), parismadhil hottel dii sulee (1999 madhye 'spainche mirages' navache pradarshan), 'saala dii armus dii laa siudadela dii pamplona' (pamplona citadelchya bahunche sabhagruh), 'museo nacional centro dii arte rena sophiya' (rashtriy qalaa sangrahalay), 'delagino' chya paledo (delaginochya paledo), delaginochya paledo (delaginochya paledo), delaginochya paledo (delaginochya paledo), delaginochya paledo (delaginochya paledo), delaginochya paledo