
jeevan itihas siddhant

jeevan itihas siddhant hii eka vishleshanatmak chaukat aahe jee jagbharatil vividh jivandware vaparlya jaanarya jeevan itihas dhorananchi vividhata, tasech tyanchya jivanchakratil bhinnatechi karane aanee parinamancha abhyas karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahe. haah jaivik utkranticha eka siddhant aahe joou jivanchya shareer rachnashastra aanee vartanachya pailunche spashtikaran tyanchya jeevan itihasasah-tyancha punarutpadak vikas aanee vartane, punarutpadanantarche vartan aanee ayurman (jiwant kalavadhi)-naisargik nivadidvare aakar denyat aale aahe. jeevan itihas dhoran mhanje 'vay aanee tappya-vishisht namune' aanee jivanche jeevan ghadavana ghatananchi vel, jase qee janm, dudh sodane, paripakvata, mrutyu ii. yaa ghatana, visheshtah balvikas, laingik paripakvatache vay, pratham prajnan, santatichi sankhya aanee palakanchya guntavanukichi patali, vruddhatva aanee mrutyu, jivanchya sharirik aanee paryavaraniy vatavaranavar avalambun asatat.
haah siddhant 1950 chya dashakat vikasit karnyat aala hota aanee jivanacha aakar, paripakvatache vay, santatichi sankhya, ayurman aanee itar anek vishayanvaril prashnanchi uttare denyasathi vaparla jaato. yaa vishayancha abhyas karnyasathi, jeevan itihasachi dhorane olakhali jaane aavashyak aahe aanee nantar tyanchya parinamancha abhyas karnyasathi namune tayar kele jaatat. shevati, dhorananche mahatva aanee bhoomikebaddalche andaj lavale jaatat aanee yaa andajancha vapar jivanachya jivanatil, visheshtah jivankal aanee punarutpadanachya kalavadhitil jivanachya itihasachya ghatananchya kramanusar aanee lambivar utkranticha kassa parinam hoto heey samajoon ghenyasathi keela jaato. jeevan itihas siddhant utkrantivadi payavar aadharit aahe aanee jivanvar naisargik nivadichya parinamancha, tyanchya sampoorn ayushyabhar aanee pidhyanpidhya, abhyas karato. jivanachya sampoorn aayushyat vividh magnyansathi sansadhananche vatap karoon, jeev hii tandurusti jastit jaast vadhavu kinwa anukool karoo shakatat qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi utkrantishil tandurustichya upayancha dekhil too vapar karato. jivanchya aanee tyanchya jagachya guntaguntichya anek starancha" adhik tapas karanyachi hii eka paddhat mhanoon kaam karate.
ekach velee hajaro undy tayar karananya aanee nantar marananya paisiphik salmonpasoon teey anek dashkant kahee santati nirman karananya manavanparyant, jivanchya jeevan itihasachi eka mothee vividhata vikasit jhaali aahe. haah siddhant utkrantivadi jivashastra aanee paryavaranshastrachya tattvanvar avalambun aahe aanee vidnyanachya itar kshetranmadhye tyacha mothya pramanat vapar keela jaato.
kshetracha sankshipt itihas.
jeevan itihas siddhantakade utkrantivadi paryavaranshastrachi eka shakha mhanoon pahile jaate aanee vividh kshetranmadhye tyacha vapar keela jaato. 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatis, ganiteey vishleshan haah ell. etch. tii. shhee sambandhit sanshodhanacha eka mahattvacha pailu banala. kalantarane vikasit jhalelya done mukhya kendranvar laksh kendrit kele aaheh anuvanshik aanee phenotypic, parantu yaa done paddhatinchya sanyojanachya dishene alikadachi chalval jhaali aahe.
jivanchakra.
serve jeev tyanchya vikasat eka vishisht kramache anusaran karatat, garbhadharanepasun suru houn mrutyuparyant, jyala jivanchakra mhanatat. darmyanchya ghatananmadhye sahasa janm, balpan, paripakvata, punarutpadan aanee vruddhatva yancha samavesh asato aanee ektritpane yamadhye tyaa jivachya jeevan itihasachya dhoranacha samavesh hoto.
yaa jivanchakratil pramukh ghatana samanyatah jivanchya jansankhyikiy gunandware aakar dilya jaatat. kahee itaranpeksha adhik spasht badal aahet aanee sharirik badalanni chinhankit kele jaau shakatat-udaharanarth, lahan mulanmadhye daat futane. kahee ghatananmadhye ekhadya prajatitil vyaktinmadhye qamee farak asoo shakato, udaharanarth garbhadharanecha kalavadhi, parantu itar ghatananmadhye vyaktinmadhye barech farak disun yeu shakatat, jase qee pahilya punarutpadanachya vayatil.
jivanchakra done pramukh tappyanmadhye vibhagale jaau shakateh vaadh aanee punarutpadan. heey donhi ekach velee houu shakat naheet, mhanoon ekada punarutpadan suru jhaale qee, vaadh sahasa sampate. haah badal mahattvacha aahe kaaran tyacha jivanachya jivanachya itar pailoonvar dekhil parinam houu shakato, jase qee tyachya gatachi sanghatana kinwa tyachya samajik parasparsanvadavar.
pratyek prajatichi yaa ghatanansathi swatachi rachana aanee vel asate, jyala anekada tyachi ontogeny mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee hyamule tayar honari vividhata haach abhyas aahe. utkranti nantar yaa tappyanvar karya karate jenekarun ekhada jeev tyachya vatavaranashi julavun gheil. udaharanarth, janm aanee praudhatvachya darmyancha manushya, janm, balpan, dudh sodane, balpan aanee vaadh, paugandavastha, laingik paripakvata aanee punarutpadan yasarkhya aayushyachya vividh tappyanmadhun jaeel. yaa sarvanchi vyakhya eka vishisht jaivik paddhatine kelee jaate, jee samanyatah jyaa prakare vaparali jaate tyach prakare asane aavashyak nahee.
darwinian fitness.
utkrantichya sandarbhat, bhavishyat jeev kase pratinidhitva karato yavar tandurusti nirdharit hote. anuvanshikdrushtya, eka fitt elil pidhyanpidhya tyachya pratispardhyanna mage takte. anekada, naisargik nivadisathi laghulipi mhanoon, sanshodhak keval ekhadya jeevane tyachya aayushyadarmyan kitee vanshaj nirman kele aahet yache moolyankan karatat. mug, jagane aanee prajnan darr heey mukhya ghatak aahet. yacha arth assa qee jivachi vaishishtye aanee januke pudhil pidhimadhye pudhe nenyat yetat aanee utkrantivadi "yash" madhye yogdan detat asey manale jaate. julavun ghenyachi prakriya jaganyachya aanee punarutpadanachya daravar parinam karoon yaa "yash" madhye yogdan dete, jyamule jivanachi darwinian tandurustichi patali sthapit hote. jeevan itihasachya siddhantat, utkranti vishisht prajatinchya jivanachya tappyanvar karya karate (udaa.jee., kishoravayin kalavadhichi lambi) parantu ekach jivachya karyatmak, aajivan anukulanasathi dekhil charcha kelee jaate. donhi prakarananmadhye, sanshodhak anukulan gruheet dharatat-asha prakriya jyaa tandurusti sthapit karatat.
vaishishtye.
jeevan itihasachya siddhantat paramparikaritya mahattvachi mhanoon olakhali jaanari saat vaishishtye aaheth
konatyahi jivasathi sarvat mahattvache manale jaanare vaishishtya mhanje tyaa vaishishtyatil badal tyaa jivachya tandurustichya staravar sarvat lakshaniy farak nirman karato. yaa arthane, jivachi tandurusti tyachya badalatya jeevan itihasachya vaishishtyandvare nirdharit hote. utkrantivadi shakti jyaa prakare yaa jeevan itihasachya vaishishtyanvar karya karatat, tee jeevan itihasachya dhorananchi anuvanshik parivartansheelata aanee varsahakk maryadit karnyas madat karate, jaree jagaat ajunahi mothya jaatee astitvat aahet.
dhorane.
yaa jeevan itihasachya vaishishtyanche aanee jeevan ghatananche sanyojan jeevan itihasachi dhorane tayar karate. udaharanarth, lartilot aanee delsukne uddhrut kelyapramane, winemiller aanee gulab, teey abhyasat asalelya mashanmadhye teen prakarchya jeevan itihasachya dhoranancha prastav detatah sandhisadhu, niyatkalik aanee santulan. yaa prakarchya dhorananchi vyakhya mashanchya shariracha aakar, paripakv honyache vay, uchch kinwa qamee jaganyachi kshamata aanee teey konatya prakarchya vatavaranat aadhaltat yavarun kelee jaate. mothya shariracha aakar, paripakvateche ushirache vay aanee hangami vatavaranat aadhalanare qamee jaganare maase, niyatkalik jeevan dhoran mhanoon vargikrut kele jaatil. jivanatil ghatananmadhye ghadananya vartanancha prakar dekhil jeevan itihasachi dhorane paribhashit karoo shakato. udaharanarth, shoshanatmak jeevan itihas dhoran asey asel, jyat ekhadya jiwala itaranpeksha jaast sansadhanancha vapar karoon kinwa itar jivankadun hii sansadhane gheuun fayda hoto.
vaishishtye.
jeevan itihasachi vaishishtye hii jivanchya jeevan saranivar parinam karnari vaishishtye aahet aanee tyanchi vaadh, punarutpadan aanee jaganyachya vividh guntavanuki mhanoon kalpana kelee jaau shakate.
asha jeevan itihasachya dhorananmadhil farak samajoon ghene heey jeevan itihas siddhantache uddisht aahe. vegvegalya vatavaranat konatya prakarchya vaishishtyanna pasanti dilee jaeel yacha andaj lavnyasathi heey dnyan model tayar karnyasathi vaparale jaau shakate. nirbandhanshivay, sarvoch tandurusti darwinian rakshasachi asel, eka kalpanik jeev jyasathi asha prakarchya devanghevani astitvat naheet. jeevan itihas siddhantachi gurukilli mhanje maryadit sansadhane upalabdh aahet aanee keval kahee jeevan itihasachya vaishishtyanvar laksh kendrit karane aavashyak aahe.
jeevan itihasachya kahee pramukh vaishishtyanchya udaharananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
yaa vaishishtyanmadhil badal heey vyaktichya sansadhananche vegvegale vatap pratibimbit karatat (i.eae., vel, prayatna aanee urja kharch) spardhatmak jeevan karye. konatyahi vishisht vyaktisathi, konatyahi vishisht vatavaranat upalabdh sansadhane maryadit asatat. eka uddeshasathi vaparlela vel, prayatna aanee urja yamule dusya uddeshasathi upalabdh asalela vel, prayatna aanee urja qamee hote.
udaharanarth, mothya santati asalele pakshi adhik pramukh duyyam laingik vaishishtye swikaranyas asamarth asatat. kahee prakarananmadhye, jeevan itihasachi vaishishtye loksankhyechya ghanatenusar badaltil, kaaran uchch loksankhyechya ghanatemadhye sarvadhik tandurusti asalelya genotypemadhye qamee loksankhyechya ghanatemadhye sarvadhik tandurusti nasel. paryavaranachya sthiratesarakhya itar paristhitimule jivanachya vishisht itihasachya vaishishtyanchi nivad hoil. michael aar. gulab aanee bryan charlesworth yanni dakhavun dile qee asthir vatavaran qamee ayurman aanee uchch prajanankshamta yaa donhi asalelya mashansathi nivadte-avishvasaniy paristhitit, ekhadya jivasathi tyachya swatachya astitwala chalana denanya kachara sansadhananpeksha lavkar aanee mubalak pramanat prajnan karane changle aahe.
jaivik badal heey jivanujanya rogansah vishanunchya jeevan itihasache vaishishtya dekhil darshavtat.
punarutpadak moolya aanee punarutpadanacha kharch.
punarutpadak moolya heey punarutpadan, vaadh aanee jagane yanchyatil paraspar vinimayanche pratikruti aahet. jivanche punarutpadak moolya (aar. vhee.) heey sadhyachya aanee bhavishyatil punarutpadanadware loksankhyesathi tyache apekshit yogdan mhanoon paribhashit kele jaateh
avashisht punarutpadak moolya heey jivanachya vadhitil aanee jaganyachya guntavanukidware tyachya bhavishyatil punarutpadanache pratinidhitva karate. punarutpadanachya gruhitkatil kharchacha andaj assa aahe qee sadhyachya punarutpadanatil uchch guntavanuk vaadh aanee jaganyat adthala aanate aanee bhavishyatil punarutpadan qamee karate, tarr vadhitil guntavanuk bhavishyat uchch prajanankshamta (utpadit santatichi sankhya) aanee punarutpadak prakaranansah phal deil. punarutpadanachya yaa kharchacha jeevan itihasachya pramukh vaishishtyanvar prabhav padato. udaharanarth, jeey. yanni 2009 madhye kelela abhyas. creiton, aine. heflin aanee emm. bhrunganna daphan karnyavar belkne punarutpadanachya kharchasathi "niradhar aadhar" pradan keela. abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee jyaa bhrunganni sadhyachya punarutpadanasathi khoop sansadhane dilee hotee tyanche ayushya dekhil sarvat qamee hote. tyanchya aayushyat, tyanchya prajnan ghatana aanee santatidekhil qamee hotya, jeey sadhyachya punarutpadanatil atee-guntavanukimule avashisht punarutpadak moolya kase qamee hote heey pratibimbit karate.
sambandhit antim guntavanuk gruhitak heey uchch vayasah sadhyachya punarutpadanakade valanyache varnan karate. lahan vayat, aar. aar. vhee. samanyatah jaast asato aanee nantarchya vayat punarutpadan vadhavanyasathi jivanni vadhimadhye guntavanuk kelee pahije. jivanche vay jasjase vadhate tastashi vadhitil hii guntavanuk haloohaloo vartaman punarutpadan vadhavate. tathapi, jevha ekhada jeev mhatara hoto aanee sharirik karya gamavoo lagato, tevha mrutyudar vadhato tarr prajanankshamta qamee hote. hii vruddhavastha punarutpadanacha badal sadhyachya punarutpadanakade valavateh vruddhatvache parinam aanee mrutyucha uchch dhoka yamule sadhyachya punarutpadanas adhik anukool banavate. daphan karananya bhring abhyasane antim guntavanuk gruhitkala dekhil samarthan dileh lekhakanna aadhalale qee nantarchya aayushyat prajnan karananya bhrunganni dekhil santatiche aakar vadhavale hote, jeey tyaa punarutpadak ghatananmadhye adhik guntavanuk pratibimbit karate.
"aar/keey" nivad siddhant.
nivadiche dabav jeey punarutpadak ranniti nirdharit karatat aanee mhanunach jivanacha bahutek jeevan itihas aar/keey nivad siddhantachya drushtine samajala jaau shakato. jeevan itihasacha madhyavarti badal siddhant mhanje santatichi sankhya viruddha. punarutpadanachi vel. aar-nivadalelya jivancha vadhicha darr ("aar") jaast asato aanee palakanchya kiman dekharekhikhali mothya sankhyene santati nirman karnyacha cull asato; tyanche ayushya dekhil qamee asate. "aar"-nivadalele jeev asthir vatavaranat jivanasathi yogya asatat, kaaran teey lavkar aanee mubalak pramanat punarutpadan karatat aanee santatiche qamee jaganyache praman detat. "keey"-nivadalele jeev tyanchya vatavaranachya wahan kshamatechya ("keey") jawal rahatat, dirgh kalavadhit tulanene qamee sankhyene santati nirman karatat aanee palakanchi guntavanuk jaast asate. teey sthir vatavaranat jeevan jaganyasathi adhik yogya aahet jyamadhye teey dirgh ayushya aanee qamee mrutyudaravar avalambun rahoo shakatat jyamule tyanna uchch santati jaganyachya darasah anek vela punarutpadan karata yeil.
khoop "aar"-nivadalele kahee jeev heey viryapatal asatat, jeey maranyapurvi fakt ekdach punarutpadit hotat. varshik pikanpramanech, viryayukt jeev alpakalin asoo shakatat. tathapi, kahee viryayukt jeev tulanene dirghkal tikatat, jase qee african fulanchi vanaspati "lobelia teleki" jee vanaspati maranyapurvi fakt ekdach fulanari phule vadhavanyat anek dashakanparyant kharch karate kinwa niyatkalik sikada jee praudh honyapurvi alya mhanoon 17 varshe ghalavate. dirghayushya asalele jeev sahasa punaravrutti karnare asatat, jeey aayushyat ekapeksha jaast vela punarutpadan karatat. tathapi, punaravrutti karnare jeev, 'keey'-nivadalelya pranyanpeksha adhik 'aar'-nivadalele asoo shakatat, jase qee chimani, jee darvarshi anek pillanna janm dete parantu bhatkana albatroschya tulanet fakt kahee varshe jagate, jee pratham daha varshanchya vayat punarutpadit hote aanee tyachya 40 varshanchya aayurmanat darr dusya varshi prajnan karate.
"aar"-nivadalele jeev samanyatah
"keey"-nivadalele jeev samanyatah
bhinnata.
ell. etch. tii. abhyasacha eka pramukh bhag mhanje bhinnata, kaaran pratyek jivanache swatache jeevan itihas dhoran asate. dhorananmadhil farak kiman kinwa motha asoo shakato. udaharanarth, eka jiwala ekach santati asoo shakate tarr dusyalaaa shekado. kahee prajati keval kahee taas jagoo shakatat aanee kahee dashake jagoo shakatat. kahijan tyanchya sampoorn aayushyabharat dazanbhar vela punarutpadan karoo shakatat aanee itar keval eka kinwa donada punarutpadan karoo shakatat.
vyapar-vinimay.
konatyahi jivasathi honanya badalanchi olakh patvane haah jeevan itihasachya dhoranancha abhyas karnyacha eka aavashyak ghatak aahe. jeevan itihasachya dhorananmadhye urjecha vapar haah ushmagatiki aanee urjeche sanwardhan aanee "sansadhananchi antarnihit kamatarata" hyavaroon niyantrit keela jaato, tyamule serve vaishishtye kinwa karye ekach velee guntavali jaau shakat naheet. asha prakare, jivanni vaadh, punarutpadan aanee astitva yasarkhya karyanpaiki nivad karane aavashyak aahe, kahinna pradhanya dene aanee itaranna nahee. udaharanarth, shariracha aakar vadhavane aanee ayurman vadhavane aanee santaticha aakar vadhavane aanee santatichi sankhya vadhavane yanchyat eka parasparsambandh aahe. kadhikadhi heey santatiche praman aanee gunavatta yanchyatil nivad mhanoon dekhil pahile jaate. yaa nivadi jeevan itihas siddhantacha abhyas karananya badal aahet.
sharirik prayatna (sharirachi vaadh aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi) aanee prajnan prayatna (santati nirman karnyasathi) yanchyatil eka mahattvapoorn badal aahe. ekhada jeev ekach velee heey karnyasathi urja deu shakat naslyamule, anek jivancha eka kaal asato jithe urja keval vadhisathi thewali jaate, tyanantar eka kaal asato jevha urja punrutpadanavar kendrit asate, jyamule jivanchakrat doghanche vegalepan nirman hote. asha prakare, vadhichya kalavadhicha shevat haah punarutpadanachya kalavadhichi suruvat darshavito. prajananshi sambandhit aanakhi eka moolbhut badal mhanje sangamacha prayatna aanee palkatvasathiche prayatna. jarr ekhada jeev aaplya santati vadhavnyavar laksh kendrit karat asel, tarr too tee urja jodidaracha pathlag karnyasathi samarpit karoo shakat nahee.
prajananasathi sansadhananchya samarpanatil eka mahattvacha vaataa haah shikarichya jokhamishi sambandhit aaheh jyaa jivanna shikarichya vadhiv jokhamicha samna karava lagato teey sahasa prajananamadhye qamee guntavanuk karatat. yache kaaran asey qee, asha guntavanukicha fayda anishchit asatana prajnan kshetrat jaast guntavanuk karane titke fayadeshir nahee.
ekada olakhali gelyanantar, heey badal, nantar vegvegalya jeevan itihasachya dhorananvar tyanchya parinamancha andaj lavana aanee vividh jeevan ghatananvar astitvat asalelya nivadichya dabavambaddalachya prashnanchi uttare denanya namunyanmadhye thewale jaau shakatat. kalantarane, yaa modelschya nirmitichya paddhatit badal jhaala aahe. eka vaishishtyavar laksh kendrit karnyaivaji aanee teey kase badalale heey pahanyaivaji, shastradnya yaa badalankade eka mothya pranalicha bhag mhanoon, guntaguntichya aadaan-pradan aanee parinamansah pahat aahet.
nirbandh.
nirbandhanchi kalpana varr charcha kelelya vyapar-vinimay kalpaneshi jawalun jodaleli aahe. jivanmadhye maryadit pramanat urja asalyane, devanghevanichi prakriya jivanchya anukulatevar aanee tandurustichya kshamatevar naisargik maryada mhanoon karya karate. loksankhyemadhyehi heey ghadate. yaa maryada bhautik, vikasatmak kinwa aitihasik asoo shakatat aanee tyaa jivachya vidyaman vaishishtyandvare ladalya jaatat.
ishtatam jeevan-itihas dhorane.
loksankhya julavun gheu shakate aanee tyadvare 'ishtatam' jeevan itihas dhoran sadhya karoo shakate jeey shakya titkya uchch patalichya tandurustila (tandurusti jastit jaast) anumati dete. urjechya aanee jansankhyikiy abhyasasah ishtatmatechya abhyasakade jaanyachya anek paddhati aahet. ishtatam tandurusti prapt karane heey anek pidhyancha samavesh karate, kaaran urjecha ishtatam vapar palak aanee santati doghanchahi samavesh asato. udaharanarth, "santatimadhye ishtatam guntavanuk mhanje jithe santatichya ekoon sankhyetil ghat hii jiwant asalelya sankhyechya vadhichya barobarichi asate".
jeevan itihas siddhantachya abhyasasathi ishtatamata mahattvachi aahe kaaran tee vaparlelya anek pratimansathi aadhar mhanoon kaam karate, jee naisargik nivad, jeevan itihasachya vaishishtyanvar kaam karat asatana, vaishishtyanchya sarvat ishtatam gatakade aanee urjechya vaparashi vatchal karat aahe yaa gruhitkavar kaam karate. hii moolbhut dharana, qee tyachya aayushyakaladarmyan ekhada jeev ishtatam urja vaparache lakshya thevat aahe, tyanantar shastradnyanna itar andajanchi chachani ghenyas anumati dete. tathapi, pratyakshat heey ishtatam jeevan itihas dhoran konatyahi jivasathi hummy deta yet nahee.
sansadhananche vatap.
ekhadya jeevane sansadhananche vatap karane heey itar anek mahattvachya sankalpananshi sambandhit aahe, jase qee vinimay aanee ishtatamata. sansadhananche sarvottam sambhavya vatap heey jiwala jeevan itihasache ishtatam dhoran sadhya karnyas aanee jastit jaast tandurusti midvanyas madat karate aanee vividh vyavharansathi urja kashee vatap karavi yabaddal sarvottam shakya nivad karane yamule yogdan dete. palakancha sahbhag, mulansathi shikanyacha kalavadhi kitee aanee vikasachya itar samasyancha abhyas karnyasathi sansadhan vatpache namune vikasit kele gele aahet aanee tyancha vapar keela gela aahe. sansadhananche vatap dekhil bhinnatemadhye bhoomika bajavate, kaaran vegvegalya prajatindware vividh sansadhananche vatap vividh jeevan itihas dhorane tayar karate.
bhandwal aanee utpannache sanwardhan.
bhandwal aanee utpann prajananache vibhajan heey, jeev prajananasathi sansadhanancha kassa vapar karatat aanee teey teey kase velevar karatat yavar kendrit aahe. bhandavali prajanankartyanmadhye, prajnan karnyapurvi gola keleli sansadhane tyasathi paise denyasathi vaparali jaatat aanee ekada teey sharirachya sthitichya maryadeparyant pohochalyanantar tyanchi prajnan hote, jeey hangam jasjasa pudhe sarakato tasatase qamee hote. dusarikade, utpann prajnan karnare, prajananabarobar ekach velee nirman honanya sansadhanancha aanee anek nishchit maryadanshi sambandhit sharirachya sthititil badalacha darr vaparoon prajnan karatat. matra, haah farak haah dwibhajan asane aavashyak nahee; tyaeivaji, too eka varnapat aahe, jyachya eka tokala shuddha bhandavali prajnan aanee dusya tokala shuddha utpann prajnan aahe.
majboot hangami paristhitishi nigadit asalelya jivanmadhye bhandavali prajnan adhik vela disun yete. yache kaaran asey qee jevha santatiche moolya qamee asate, tarihi ann mubalak pramanat asate, tevha prajnan karnyasathi sathyanchi ubharani kelyane yaa jivanna anyatha tyanchyapeksha jaast punarutpadan darr prapt karata yetat. qamee hangami vatavaranat, utpann prajananas anukulata milanyachi shakyata aahe kaaran prajananasathi vaat pahane heey tandurustiche fayade dett nahee.
phenotypic plasticity.
samaan genotype vegvegalya vatavaranala pratisad mhanoon bhinn phenotype tayar karoo shakato yaa sankalpanevar phenotypic plasticity laksh kendrit karate. heey sharirik tandurustichya vaishishtyanchya vividhateche aanee ektrikaranache srot mhanoon kaam karoon anuvanshik parivartanachya patalivar parinam karate.
nirdharak.
anek ghatak jivanachya jeevan itihasachi utkranti, visheshtah paryavaranachi apratyashitata nirdharit karoo shakatat. eka atishay anpekshit vatavaran-jyamadhye sansadhane, dhoke aanee spardhkanmadhye zapatyane chadh-utaar houu shakatat-tyanchya aayushyachya suruvatilach adhik santati nirman karananya jivanchi nivad karate, kaaran teey punha punarutpadan karnyasathi tiktil qee nahee heey kadhihi nishchit nasate. mrutyu darr haah ekhadya prajatichya jeevan itihasacha sarvottam soochak asoo shakatoh uchch mrutyu darr asalele jeev-anpekshit vatavaranacha nehmicha parinam-samanyatah qamee mrutyu darr asalelya prajatinpeksha lavkar paripakv hotat aanee ekach velee adhik santatila janm detat. atyant anpekshit vatavaranamule lavchikta dekhil houu shakate, jyamadhye vaiyaktik jeev aar-nivadalelya viruddhachya varnpatasah badaloo shakatat. paryavaranala sajese jeevan itihas keey-nivadalele.
manvi jivanacha itihas.
manavanchya abhyasat, jivashastra, manasshastra, arthshastra, manavvanshashastra aanee itar kshetransah jeevan itihas siddhant anek prakare vaparla jaato. manavansathi, jeevan itihasachya dhorananmadhye serve nehamiche ghatak samavisht asatat-badal, nirbandh, punarutpadak prayatna ii.- parantu tyat eka sanskrutik ghatak dekhil samavisht aahe joou tyanna anukulan vyatirikt sanskrutik madhyamandvare samasya sodavu deto. manavanmadhye ashee vishisht vaishishtye dekhil aahet jee tyanna itar jivanpeksha vegale karatat, jase qee motha mendu, nantarchi paripakvata aanee pahilya punarutpadanache vay, dirgh ayushya aanee uchch pataliche punarutpadan, jyala anekada vadil aanee vruddha (rajonivruttinantar) natevaik aadhar detat. yaa adviteey vaishishtyansathi vividh sambhavya spashtikaran aahet. udaharanarth, yashasvi shikar aanee charyasathi aavashyak kaushalye shikanyachya kalavadhila aadhar denyasathi eka dirgh kishoravayin kalavadhi swikarla gela asava. shikanyacha haah kalavadhi dirghayushyache spashtikaran dekhil deu shakato, kaaran tyaa kaushalyancha vapar karnyasathi jyaa dirgh kalavadhicha vapar keela jaato tyamule teey prapt karnyasathi aavashyak kalavadhi yogya tharato. manav punarutpadan karnyas saksham naslyanantar anek varshe jagoo shakatat, hii karane mhanoon sahkari prajnan aanee aajiche gruhitak prastavit kele gele aahet. motha mendu adhik shikanyachi kshamata aanee naveen vartananmadhye guntaleli aanee naveen goshti tayar karanyachi kshamata dete. menduchya aakaratil badal haah aaharatil uchch darjachya aanee ann srot midvane katheen asalelya badalacha parinam asoo shakato kinwa samooh jivanachya samajik garjanmule prerit asoo shakato, jyamule samayikaran aanee tartudis chalana midali. kaplansarkhe alikadil lekhak assa yuktivad karatat qee donhi pailu kadachit mahatvache aahet. manav vegvegalya punarutpadak dhoranancha pathpurava karoo shakatat asehi sanshodhanane soochit kele aahe. punarutpadak dhoran vikas spasht karnyasathi jeevan itihasachya chaukaticha tapas kartana, anubhavjanya abhyasanni manasopacharvishayak drushtikonasaha samasya olakhalya aahet, parantu prarambhik tanav, vegwan tarunya, asurakshit sanlagnata, aniyantrit samajik laingikta aanee sambandh asantosh yanchyatil andajit sambandhanna tatpurte samarthan dile aahe.
drushtikon.
jeevan itihas siddhantane manvi prajnan vartanache anek pailu samajoon ghenyasathi naveen drushtikon pradan kele aahet, jase qee garibi aanee prajanankshamta yanchyatil sambandh. anek sankhyikeey andajanna samajik mahitidvare pushti midali aahe aanee prayogik prani namunyanmadhil abhyasatoon aanee anek jivanmadhye naisargik abhyasatoon vaidnyanik sahityacha eka motha bhag aahe.
teeka.
tarunavasthetil dirghkal asahayya rahilyane tarunanchya sanrakshanasathi adhik palkatvachya prayatnanchi nivad hoil, tyach velee uchch patalivaril shikari qamee palkatvachya prayatnansathi nivdel, yaa davyavar sampoorn kalkram nivadichi disha nishchit karel asey gruheet dharalyabaddal teeka kelee jaate. yaa tikemadhye assa yuktivad keela aahe qee lahan mulanna bhedasavana shikarichya dhokyache ekoon praman, teey jaree dirgh balpanichya swarupat aale asso kinwa naisargik shatrunmadhye kinwa lahan balpanatil aanee jawalche antar asalelya naisargik shatrunmadhye asale, sanrakshn aavashyakatenusar samaan parinam karate, kaaran pranyansathi jivanacha veg vyaktinishthadrushtya samaan asato aanee keval bahyadrushtya vegala disato. eka uddhrut udaharan asey aahe qee jyaa lahan pranyanna adhik naisargik shatru aahet tyanna andaje samaan sankhyetil dhokyanna samore jaave lagel aanee qamee naisargik shatru asalelya mothya pranyanpramanech (pranyanchya sapeksh velenusar) andaje samaan pramanat sanrakshanachi aavashyakta asel jeey adhik haloohaloo vadhatat (udaa.jee. qee anek lahan mansahari prani jeey agadi lahan manvi mooldekhil khau shakat navhate, teey anek lahan andh mirkat sahajpane khau shakat hote). yaa tikemadhye asehi mhatale aahe qee jevha ekhada mansahari prani ekatra sathavaleli eka tolhee khato, tevha ekatra sathavalelya lahan pranyanchya sankhyevar avalambun eka jiwant rahanyachi shakyata lakshaniy nasate, assa nishkarsh kadhala jaato qee asahayya lahan pranyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi nivadanyat aalelya undaransarkhya anek lahan pranyanpeksha manav vegale naheet.
rajonivrutti aanee kahee pramanat aadhichya vayatil stree prajanankshamtetil ghat, ekvelepanachya purush pradatyanvar dirghakalin avalambitvasah saha-vikasit houu shakate, jyanni supic mahilanna pradhanya dile, yaa davyavar teeka aahe. yaa tikemadhye assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, mulala prajatichya aayurmanachya tulanet jitka jaast kaal palakanchya guntavanukichi aavashyakta asel, titkya jaast takkevarit janmalelya mulanchi palak kalji aavashyak asel, jevha maadee aata supic nasel kinwa tichi prajanankshamta natakiyaritya qamee hoil. yaa tikakarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee joparyant supic mahilansathi purushanchi pasanti aanee naveen madikade valanyachi kshamata radd kelee jaat nahee, toparyant purush pradatyachi konatihi garaj rajonivruttichya viruddha tichya prajanankshamatecha vapar karoon pradatyala purush tichyakade aakarshit thevanyasathi nivadali asatee aanee ekvivahit vadilancha siddhant tyanchya kutumbansathi pradan karato mhanoon manavanmadhye rajonivrutti qaa vikasit jhaali heey spasht karoo shakat nahee.
sangamacha prayatna aanee palkatvasathiche prayatna yanchyatil parasparsanvadachya kalpanevar teeka karnari eka gosht mhanje, jyaa prajatimadhye sangmashivay itar kashavar taree jaast prayatna karane samanya aahe, jyamadhye keval palkatvasathi nahee, asha spardhkansathihi qamee urja aanee vel upalabdh aahe, mhanje sangmababatchya prayatnanmadhye prajatinchya pramanat honari kapat itar jodidaranna aakarshit karanyachi vyaktichi kshamata qamee karat nahee. heey samikshak sangmapasoon vel ghenanya itar prayatnanche astitva gamavanyasathi palakatva prayatna aanee sangamacha prayatna yanchyatil dvibhajanavar dekhil teeka karatat, jase qee jaganyachya prayatnanche samaan prajati-vyapi parinam hotil.
aakar aanee avyavanchya badalanvarhi teeka kelee jaate, jyat mothya prajatinmadhye dirghayushya nirikshan uddhrut karananya shariracha aakar aanee dirghayushya yanchyatil devanghevanichya davyavar teeka kelee jaate, tasech mothya mendune samajkaritela protsahan dile yaa davyavar teeka kelee jaate, jyat primate abhyasancha hawala dett tyanchya menducha motha bhag shastrakriya karoon kadhoon takalele makade lavchikatemadhye tyanchi tantrik samasya sodavanyat bighadale asale taree samajik karya karat rahile, chimpanzi samajik parasparsanvadache sanganakeey anukaran heey darshavate qee tyala konatyahi jatil aakalanshaktichi aavashyakta nahee aanee sookshm mastishk aakar asalelya samajik karya karananya manavanchi prakarane.
sandarbh.
52) marco dell gudies "utkrantivadi manovikrutishastrah eka ekikrut drushtikon", auxford university press, 2018