gibraltarcha motha vedha

gibraltarcha motha vedha haah american krantichya yuddhadarmyan britishankadun gibraltar tabyat ghenyacha spain aanee francecha ayashasvi prayatna hota. ladhvayyanchya sankhyenusar hii yuddhatil sarvat mothee ladhai hotee.
16 juuna 1779 roji spenne francechya bajoone aanee krantikari sanyukt vasahatinche saha-ladhvayye mhanoon yuddhat pravesh keela-gibraltar yetheel british tall haah spaincha prathamik yuddh uddesh hota. george augustus eliot yanchya netrutvakhalil asurakshit gibraltar chhavanila juuna 1779 teey februwari 1783 paryant, suruvatila martin alvarez dii sotomayer yanchya netrutvakhalil ekte spanish lokanni adavale hote. spanish tafyachi upasthiti asoonahi, done madat pathake-pahili 1780 madhye edmiral george rodney yanchya netrutvakhali aanee dusari 1781 madhye edmiral george darby yanchya netrutvakhali-viina adthala pravesh kelyamule nakabandi ayashasvi tharali. tyach varshi, spanish lokanni eka mothya hallyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu gibraltarchya chhavanine novembermadhye chhatani kelee aanee aaghadichya bahutansh tarangatya nasht kelya.
garrisonla parabhoot karnyat kinwa madatkaryache aagman rokhanyat spanish satatyane apayashi tharalele asalyane, 1782 chya suruvatila kamaan haatee ghetalelya dii krilanchya netrutvakhalil french sainyane vedha vedha balkati dilee. vedhyat eka vishranti ghetalyanantar, jyaa darmyan franco-spanish vedha vedha adhik banduka, jahaje aanee sainya gola kele, 13 september 1782 roji eka "bhavya hallah" suru karnyat aala. yaat mothya sankhyene 60,000 purush, 49 jahaje aanee 10 vishesh rachana kelelya, navyane shodhalelya tarangatya battery-5,000 bachavkartyanviruddha. haah hallah vinashkari aanee apmanaspad apayashi tharala, parinami borban hallekhoranche mothe nuksan jhaale. sankhyechya drushtine yuddhadarmyan ladhali geleli hii sarvat mothee karvai hotee.
mitrarashtransathi parabhavache antim lakshan tevha aale jevha edmiral richard howay yanchya netrutvakhalil eka mahattvapoorn british madat kafila kafila tafyatoon nisatala aanee aktoobar 1782 madhye chhavanimadhye pohochala. akheris 7 februwari 1783 roji vedha uthavanyat aala aanee parinami britishancha nirnayak vijay jhaala. americi krantikari yuddh sampavanyasathi vedha haah eka ghatak hota-parisachya shantatechya vataghati vedhyachya batmyanvar, visheshtah tyachya charmotkarshachya velee, avalambun hotya.
teen varshe, saat mahine aanee baaraa divasancha haah british sashastr dalanni sahan kelela sarvat pradirgh vedha aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
gibraltarcha khadak pahilyanda ii. sha. 710 madhye murish killyane tatbandi karnyat aala hota. madhyayugat heey daha vedhyanche thikan hote, tyapaiki kahee yashasvi jhaale. 1704 madhye spanish uttaradhikarachya yuddhadarmyan anglo-dutch sainyane gibraltar dweepkalp tabyat ghetala; 1713 chya utrektachya shantata kararat brittenla taba denyat aala jyamule yuddh sampale. 1727 madhye anglo-spanish yuddhadarmyan (1727-1729) spanish lokanni gibraltar punha midvanyacha ayashasvi prayatna keela. sevhilchya tahane (1729) yuddh sampalyanantar, 1730 madhye spenne dweepkalpachya uttarela killyanchi eka resha bandhali, jee gibraltarla mukhya bhoomipasoon door kadhoon takte.
1738 madhye spain aanee gret britton yanchyat europe aanee america yanchyatil vanijyavarun vaad nirman jhaala. yamule 23 aktoobar 1739 roji jenkinschya kanache yuddh suru jhaale. donhi bajunni gibraltarjaval khandak ubharanyachi yojana aakhali. yaa pahilya halchali pahoon, brittonne edmiral vernanla portobellohoon naukanayan karnyache aanee aadhich gibraltarchya upasagarat tainat asalelya edmiral haddockchya tukadila balkat karnyache aadesh dile. tathapi, 1748 madhye shantata parat yenyapurvi gibraltar yethe konatihi lakshaniy ladhai jhaali nahee.
spaincha raja phillip pachva 9 julai 1746 roji maran pavala hota aanee tyacha uttaradhikari ferdinand sahava yane brittenshee vyaparavar vataghati suru kelya. british sansad manya hotih tyanni spainveril british nirbandh uthavanyacha aanee vyapar kararachya badalyat kadachit gibraltar sodanyacha vichar keela. tathapi, 1759 madhye ferdinand sahava maran pavnyapurvi konashihi sampark sadhanyat aala nahee. naveen raja charles tisra brittenshee vataghati karnyas qamee tayar hota. tyaeivaji, tyane 15 august 1761 roji francechya lui XV barobar kautumbik kararavar swakshari kelee. saat varshanchya yuddhat (1756-63) france aadhich brittenshee yuddhat hota, mhanoon brittonne spenviruddha yuddh ghoshit karoon pratyuttar dile. pudhil done varshant, britishanni anukrame phillipines aanee kyubachya spanish vasahatinchya rajdhani manila aanee havanah tabyat ghetalya. punha gibraltar yethe konatihi ladhai jhaali nahee. yuddh yuddh parisachya shantata kararane (1763) floridatil spanish malkichya badalyat manila aanee havanah spenla parat kele. yaa kararane uttar americetil francechya bahutansh vasahati brittenla hastantarit kelya.
tyanantarchya shantatechya varshanmadhye, france aanee spain yaa doghannihi, gamavalelya vasahatvadi malmattechi paratfed karnyachya uddeshane, adhik anukool atinvar brittenshee ladhanyachi sandhee shodhali. 1775 madhye amerikechya swatantryayuddhachya udrekane tee sandhee upalabdh karoon dilee.
france aanee spain yaa donhi deshanni american krantikarkansathi nidhi aanee shastrastrancha puravatha karoon suruvat kelee aanee britanviruddha american bajoone hastakshep karnyasathi ranniti aakhali. aktoobar 1778 madhye francene navya amerikeche mitra mhanoon yuticha taha karoon yuddhat pravesh keela. 12 april 1779 roji francene borban rajanmadhil aanee kararavar aadharit spenberober aranjuezchya kararavar purvatyarivar kelya, jyamadhye tyanni britainkadoon gamavalela pradesh parat midvanyasathi ekmekanna madat karnyas sahmati darshavali. tyanantar spenne 16 juuna roji britanviruddha yuddh jaheer kele aanee too united states congresshee aupcharik saha-ladhau banala. aranjuez yetheel spainsathi pahilya yuddhacha uddesh gibraltar surakshit karane haah hota aanee francesobatcha karar shantata prasthapit karane kinwa teey thikan parat mileparyant yuddhaviramavar sahmati darshavane haah navhata. americet britishanni yuddh vyapale asatana, gibraltar yetheel tyancha tall asurakshit hota aanee spenla apeksha hotee qee tyacha taba haah yuddhasathi eka saral prarambh asel, tyanantar gret brittenver franco-spanish aakraman hoil jyacha vapar gamavalelya vasahatinchi punarprapti karnyasathi vataghatimadhye saudebajichi eka chop mhanoon keela jaau shakato.
virodhi shakti.
spanish nakabandiche digdarshan martin alvarez dii sotomayer karnar hote. spanish jameeni dalat 16 payadal tukadya hotya, jyat shahee rakshak aanee walloon rakshak, tofkhana aanee ghodadalachya 12 tukadyancha samavesh hota. yamule ekoon sumare 14,000 purush midale. tofkhanyache netrutva rudsindo tilly karat hote, tarr ghodadal aanee french dragoonche netrutva erelanochya markis karat hote. antonio barcelone upasagarala adavanyasathi jababdar asalelya sagari dalanche netrutva kele. tyane anek zeback aanee ganbotichya tafyasah aljesirasmadhye aapala tall sthapan keela. frenchancha sahbhag maryadit hota, parantu 1781 madhye tyapaiki pahile sainya regiment dii besancon (tofkhanyachi ardhi company) saha sankhyene aale.
british sainyabalala adthala aananyasathi lui dii cordova vaay cordovachya netrutvakhali yaa resheteel 11 jahaje aanee done yuddhanauka cadizchya aakhatat thevanyat aalya.
1778 madhye british chhavanit governor-general mhanoon general eliot yanchya netrutvakhali 5,382 sainikancha samavesh hota. serve bachav majboot karnyat aale. 1770 chya dashakachya suruvatila khadkatil sanrakshanachya sthitichi tapasani swagat aayogachya ahavalat namood kelyapramane, gibraltarsathi naveen tatbandicha eka vyapak bandhkam karyakram heey eleotla bhedasavanare mukhya bhautik karya hote. surr william green yanni rachana kelela aanee gibraltar yetheel shaharachya mukhya tatavar sainik shilpkar companyne bandhalela rajacha buruj heey sarvat pramukh naveen kaam hote. rajachya burujamadhye 26 judd banduka aanee tofanchya dagadanchya pattyancha samavesh hota, jyat sampoorn padadal thevanyasathi barrex aanee kesmet hote. grand batteryne spanish mukhya bhoomila bhoomila istamaspasoon gibraltarche mukhya praveshdwar asalelya land poort getche sanrakshn kele. shaharachya kinarpattivar aanee khadkavar itar kille aanee pattya gardit hotya.
eleotne battery aanee killyanmadhye tainat kelelya bandukichi sankhya vadhavanyacha karyakram suru keela, jee suruvatila 412 hotee, tyapaiki anek nishkriy hotee. anek payadalanni tofanchi seva karnyasathi tofkhanyanna madat kelee. yaa chhavanit hanovarianchya teen tukadya aanee sumare 80 corsican sainikancha samavesh hota. eleotne sharpshootarche eka unit dekhil tayar kele. shahee naudalakade keval eka sanketik dall upasthit hote-bahutek navik aanee nausainik spanish hote-parantu yaa resheche eka purviche jahaj, etch. emm. ess. 'panther', bandarat eka hulk aanee taranganari battery mhanoon bandhale gele hote. etch. emm. ess. 'entreprise' heey yuddhanauka aanee baaraa ganbotidekhil upasthit hotya. eliotchya tayarimule tyachya sainyat aatmavishvas nirman jhaala. britishanni kahee kalasathi hallyacha andaj vartavala hota aanee tyanna jahajadware atirikt sainyabal aanee puravatha midala hota. 1778 madhye francene sangharshat pravesh kelyanantar brittonne tayari vadhavali, jaree suruvatila frenchanna americet sainya pathvinyabaddal adhik kalji hotee aanee spain yuddhat sameel hoiparyant dirghkalapasun apekshit vedha suru jhaala nahee.
british sainyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotah
gherav ghatala.
16 juuna 1779 roji, spanish lokanni gret britanviruddha yuddhachi ghoshana kelee aanee lagechach nakabandi suru jhaali. 6 julai 1779 roji, british jahaje aanee spanish jahajanmadhye, jeey spanish asalelya spanish sainikanna puravatha karat hote, tyanchyat sangharsh jhaala. anek spanish jahaje ghetali gelee aanee shatrutva suru jhaale. spanish aanee french sanyukt tafyanni gibraltarla samudrapasun adavale, tarr jaminichya bajula eka prachand sainyane kille, tatbandi, khandak aanee tarangatya bandhalya jyatoon hallah karayacha.
karayacha hiwala yetach, lavkarach chhavanisathichya tartudi durmil jhalya. bhakari midvane jawaljawal ashakya hote aanee aajari aanee mulanvyatirikt tyanna deu kele jaat navhate. meeth maans aanee biskite lavkarach shidhadhanyacha eka pramukh bhag banale, darroj adhunmadhun chaar auns tandul jaaree kele jaat hote. indhan sampale hote aanee bandarat tutalelya junya jahajanchya meethane aachchhadalelya lakadancha vapar karoon keval adchanine aag lavali jaat hotee. parinami, bhajya aanee aushadhanchya kamataratemule sainyat skarvicha hinsak udrek jhaala. eleotne londonla madatisathi aavahan kele, parantu jasjasa hiwala vadhat gela tasatase shidha aanakhi qamee karnyat aale. asey asoonahi, chhavaniche manobal unch rahile aanee sainikanni kartvyavaril vividh padanvar tyanchi paalee ghene suru thewale. tyanni spanish lokanni kelelya anek chhotya chhotya chachani hallyancha pratikar keela hota aanee tyanna samudradvare puravatha hoil assa motha vishvas hota, tyamule thandi aanee bhook sahan kelee.
englandvaril niyojit aakraman pudhe dhaklat aanee aanee naudal radd kelyamule, spanishanna vedha ghalanyasathi mothya sankhyene sainya aanee jahaje pathvanyas bhag padale gele.
naudalacha pahila bachav.
december 1779 madhye, edmiral george rodney yanchya netrutvakhalil reshechya 21 jahajanni sanrakshn dett eka motha tafa englandhoon gibraltarla ravana jhaala. vatet, 8 janewari 1780 roji cape finisterchya jawal tyancha samna jhaala aanee tyanni eka spanish tafyala tabyat ghetale. tyanni tabyat ghetalelya vastoonsah gibraltar chhavanichi aanakhi tartud karanyachi tyanchi yojana hotee. spanish lokanna lavkarach tafyachi mahitee midali aanee tyanni tyala adavanyasathi juan dii langara yanchya netrutvakhali eka tafa pathavala, parantu anurakshakanchya samarthyacha qamee andaj lavala aanee langarachya jahajanna lavkarach paloon jaave lagale. rodney cape sentchya ladhait spanish tafyala pakadale aanee parabhoot kele. vincent, reshechi paach jahaje aanee atirikt puravatha. yaa tafyane spanish nakabandimadhye sahaj pravesh keela aanee 25 janewari 1780 roji gibraltarla pohochale, jyane george mckenziechya netrutvakhali 73 vya hyland regimentchya 1,052 sainikanchi balkatikaran aanee tabyat ghetalelya spanish vastoonsah bharpur puravatha keela. yamule chhavaniche munn khoop prasann jhaale, parantu rodneycha tafa nighun gelyanantar, vedha punha suru jhaala.
british bachavkartyanni gibraltarla pakadanyachya pratyek prayatnala hallyane virodh keela. donhi bajunni satat golibar aanee tofanchi devanghevan kelee, unhalyachya akheris, tartudi punha qamee houu lagalya aanee scurvy punha disu lagali, jyamule chhavanichi prabhavi takad qamee jhaali. nakabandi nakabandi lahan, jalad-naukanayan jahajanchya vaparadvare, teey minorkala vedha ghatalelya british sainyashi sampark sadhu shakale, parantu tyaa sainyacha puravathadekhil qamee hota.
7 juuna 1780 roji spanish agninauka gibraltarchya bandarat gibraltarchya done sarvat mothya jahajanna lakshya karat, etch. emm. ess. 'panther' aanee etch. emm. ess. 'entreprise' yanna lakshya kele. entreprise" kadoon bajunna ishara ishara golyanni chhavanila satark kele aanee lavkarach tivra bombsfotane agnishaman jahajanchi gatee mandavali. kahee budale pann itar pudhe gele. spanish tafa bandarachya baher konatyahi british jahajansathi vaat pahat hota, tyamule 'panther' aanee 'entreprise' madheel navik lamb botinmadhye nighale, agnishaman jahajanna adavale aanee tyanna margavarun door nele.
dusari naudal madat.
hote sampoorn hivalyat, chhavanila shatru, ghatak, rog aanee upasamaricha samna karava lagla. marchparyant paristhiti gambhir hotih chhawani aanee nagrik saptahik shidha gheuun yet hote aanee tyanna mothya purvathyachi garaj hotee. spanish lokansathi nakabandi kaam karat hotee, nakabandichya palikade ghasaraleli kahee lahan jahaje apuri puravatha gheuun jaat hotee.
12 april 1781 roji vice edmiral george darbichya 29 jahajanchya squadranne, englandhoon 100 dukan jahajanna gheuun, spanish tafa asoonahi, upasagarat pravesh keela. yaa apayshamule nirash jhalelya spanish lokanni, vedhyat prathamach, dukane utaravali jaat asatana eka jabardast bandist ughadala. tyanni shaharache mothe nuksan kele asale taree jahaje jithe tyanchi dukane utaravat hotee tyaa dakshinekadil tantu tyanchya aavakyabaher hote. sumare 1,000 nagarikanchi loksankhya 21 april roji derbys englandla ravana jhaali, jyamule chhavanila khanyasathi qamee tond midale aanee tyanna adhik muktapane kaam karanyachi parvanagi midali. punha ratri tafa konatyahi adthalyashivay nighala aanee adavalelya spanish tafyachya palikade ghasarala. kaala puud, banduka aanee darugola tasech ann aanee itar purvathyasah, aata chhavanisathichya tartudi bharpur hotya.
tyamule french aanee spanish lokanna chhawani upashi thevane ashakya vatale. tyamule tyanni jaminivarun aanee samudradvare aanakhi halle karnyacha nirnay ghetala aanee heey karnyasathi eka mothe sainya aanee tafa gola keela. yavyatirikt, spanish lokanni istamsavar naveen batterycha eka kram tayar kelah lavkarach tyapaiki pratyeki chaar banduka hotya jyat sumare chauda banduka hotya. aadhipasoon sann carlos, sann felip aanee santa barbara batterydekhil hotya, jyat pratyeki sumare 24 teey 27 banduka hotya.
9 juuna roji, british gunnersney eka pramukh spanish masikavar hallah keela, jyacha sphot jhaala. mukhya sphotanantar anek kirkol sphot jhaale, kaaran kharch masike, sahayyak dukane aanee tofancha sphot jhaala. tyanchya chhavanit suru jhalelya asankhya aagee vizavanyasathi sainyane sangharsh keela, tyamule spanish sainya danget hote. akheris suvyavastha purvavat karnyat aalee aanee spanish lokanche battery bandhanyache prayatna thambavanyat aag ayashasvi tharali. tharali uttaradhaparyant sumare pannas tofkhana hote, jyamule jyamule ekoon banduka 114 jhalya, jyat 24 paund vajanachya aanee baaraa inch vajanachya tofancha samavesh hota.
sorty.
novembarparyant, upasamarine chhavanila dhoka nirman houu lagatach, tyanna kahee spanish palayankartyankadun mothya hallyachi yojana aakhali gelyachi mahitee midali. general eleotne tharavale qee tyanchya hallyachya purvasandhyela spanish aanee french lokanvar hallah karnyasathi ratrichi uddan hii eka paripoorn chaal asel.
27 november 1781 roji, bhavya hallah suru honyachya aadalya ratri, ingrajanni aashcharyakarak uddan kele. ekoon, 99 99 2,435 sainik sahbhagi jhaale, pratyeki sumare 700-800 purushanchya teen tukadyanmadhye sanghatit kele gele, jyat kulhadyansah aanee golibar upkarane asalelya abhiyante aanee agraganyancha samavesh hota. 2 vajanyachya sumaras teey vedhyanchya reshankade nighale. ujavya stambhat samantarchya shevati spanish santri aale, charge kele aanee reshanvar hallah keela, spanish bachavkartyanna beyonet kele. urvarit bachavkarte mage hutley, tarr spanish pragat kamancha purvekadil bhag ghetala gela aanee ektrit karnyat aala. ujavya stambhachi eka tukadi, hannovariancha eka gut, andharat haravala, tyanche lakshya chukiche samajale aanee teey swatahla mothya sann carlos mortar batterychya payathyashi aadhalale. tyanchi chook lakshat aalyanantar tyanni tyaa sthanavar hallah karnyacha nirnay ghetala aanee kahee mothya ladhainantar teey sthan ghetale gele. hii battery madhyavarti stambhasathi uddishtit lakshya hotee, jee varr aalee, sthitee majboot kelee aanee spanish pratihalla karnyasathi tayar jhaali. darmyan, davya khambacha khambacha fatka basala aanee tyala halka pratikar midala. midala unch pallyachya bajunchya kampanyanni pudhe dhaav ghetali, sann pascal aanee sann martinchya batteriever hallah keela aanee khandak ghetale, jyamule spanish udayala lagale.
eliotne baher yeuun vijay pahanyacha nirnay ghetala, jyamule british british aashchary vatale. eka gambhir jakhami spanish tofkhana adhikari, jose dii barboza yane halavanyas nakar deela; eliotne tyala patvoon denyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyane "majhya padachya nashamadhye ekte rahoon nasht honyas sangitale."johnn trumbulchya chitrasathi hii prerana asel. serve spanish aaghadichya jaaga surakshit asatana, britishanni tartudi, darugola, shastre aanee bachavatmak sanrachanecha naash keela, lootmar kelee aanee banduka vadhavalya. tyanni darugola petavala aanee vedhyachi kaame aagit jaloon khaq jhaali. tyanantar lagechach, spanish ghodadal yetana disale; tyanna hannovarian bataliyancha samna karava lagla parantu tyanni hallah keela nahee. alvarezchya netrutvakhalil spanish lokanchi konatihi yojana navhati aanee teey britishanchya uddanachi apeksha karat navhate kinwa tayarahi navhate.
uddisht purn jhalyanantar, british tyanchya killyanmadhye parat gele. yaa uddanat ekoon british aanee hannovarian mrutanmadhye done thaar aanee 25 jakhami jhaale. spanish sainikanchi sankhya 100 hoon adhik hotee, jyat tees kaidyancha samavesh hota; yapaiki barechase walloon gardche nile-lepit walloon sainik hote. britishanni britishanni 20 laakh paund itake nuksan keleh spanish lokanni chauda mahine kelele kaam aanee mothya pramanat darugola nasht jhaala hota. british sainya aanee pioneeranni spanish vedhyachya kamat 13 inchache daha tofkhana aanee 18 26-paund banduka fodalya. yavyatirikt jyaa platform aanee bedvar banduka hotya tyaa nasht karnyat aalya. british tyanchya vijayi uddananantar paratat asatana, darugolyatil prachand sphotanni spanish reshet phoot padali aanee tyanchyajaval jeey shillak hote teey nasht jhaale heey chhavanine aashcharyane pahile.
yaa uddanane mahan spanish hallah anek mahine pudhe dhakalala. tyaa kalat britishanni gibraltarchya khadakatoon eka vistrut bogdyache jaale bandhanyas suruvat kelee. heey kaam hatane kele gele, daruchya sphotanchya madatine, jeey dhokadayak hote. eka bogda khodanyasathi tera lokanna paach aathvade lagale. spanish reshankade pahatana embresher fodanyat aale. yavyatirikt, eka naveen prakarchya tof chadhavanyacha shodh lagla jyamule tof khalchya konatoon golibar karoo shakalih george kohlerne tayar kelelya naveen nirashajanak bandukichya vahatukitoon banduka utaravarun sodata aalya. 15 februwari 1782 roji rajkumari royalchya sainyat heey pradarshit karnyat aale. yaa naveen gadine bachav swagat bandukanna gibraltarchya khadakachya unchicha fayda ghenyas saksham keleh teey durparyant hallah karoo shakat hote, parantu jawal bajunna hallekhoranvar golibar karnyasathi khalchya konat dekhil kele jaau shakatat.
morchachya suruvatila minorca chhavanichya sharanagatichya batamya midalya, jyamule vedhalelya lokanche manobal qamee jhaale. gibraltar yetheel spanish aanee french lavkarach minorakachya vijetyanni balkat kele. tathapi, spanish nakabandi nakabandi chalavanaya dilasa midalyane gibraltarmadhil jeevan pudhe chaloo thevanyat saksham hote. british jahaje, aajari, kaidi aanee nagarikanna gheuun, atirikt sainya aananyasathi vinaadthala aalee. limbu, daroo aanee bhajya asalelya portugij jahajanni chhavanila madat kelee aanee spanish margane maulyavan gupt mahitee dilee aanee british bandukanmule mothya pramanat jivitahani jhaali. spanish yuddhanaukechya 'santa catalina' chya 'etch. emm. ess.' chya yashachya batamine jevha tee aat aalee tevha khadkala khoop anand jhaala.
frenchanche aagman.
februwari 1782 madhye minorakachya aatmasamarpanantar lagechach, tyaa vedhyatoon french sainya spanish lokanna madat karnyasathi gibraltar yethe aale. visheshtah, french abhiyante aanee pioneeranna aanale gele aanee lui days balbes dii berton dii krillen, duke dii mohon yanni alvarez dii sotomayer yanchyakadun vedha vedha senapati mhanoon padbhar swikarla, jyat antim bhoomika hotee. alvarez dii sotomeyarla spanish tukadichi kamaan swikaranyasathi prabhavipane padchyut karnyat aale. aagami shantata churches vijay midvoon denyasathi spanish aanee french yaa doghannahi adhik kalpanashil sankalpana aanee vyavastha apekshit hotee. american mutsaddi lui littlepage yanni vedhyadarmyan dii krilanache svayamsevak sahayyak mhanoon kaam kele aanee mohimanchi rekhachitre tayar kelee. nakabandi majboot karnyasathi french jahaje dii cordovachya aadhich shaktishali asalelya spanish naudalat sameel jhaali. yaa kalat vishesh tarangatya battery bandhanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala aanee lavkarach british chhavanine gibraltarchya upasagarat hulk aanalyache pahile.
french sainyadal, pramukhyane jaminivaril sainya, serve mahonchya vedhyanantar gibraltar yethe pohochleh
adhik sainya aanee jahajanchya aagmananantar, banduka aanee tofanchi pathvani spanish vedha reshankade dekhil karnyat aalee, jyaa pudhe sarkat hotya aanee lavkarach purn honyachya jawal hotya. britishanchya vedha bandukanni anek vela fatka basavoonahi, jyache mothe nuksan jhaale, mohon hii eka naveen spanish battery twarit ubharanyat aalee. april 1782 madhye purn jhalyanantar eliotne matra hallah keela nahee.
tyanantar vedha shant jhaala, jyaa darmyan hote bajoone bombfake kevha hoil heey donhi bajunna maheet navhate, jeey unhalabhar chaloo hote. 11 juuna roji, rajkumari enichya batterychya masikat eka spanish kavach khadkavar aanakhi varr sphotale, jyamule eka motha sphot jhaala jyamule batterycha eka bhag rajkumaranchya ranget udala, jyat chauda sainik thaar jhaale.
shantata vataghati.
marchmadhye british haus auph commonsney yorktownchya sharanagatimule amerikeviruddha 'aakramak yuddh nahee' asey mutt sansadet mandale hote. tyanantar minorkachya sharanagatichya aanee west indigemadhil nukasanichya batamine sarkar kosalale. rockinghamchya mukhtyarakhalil naveen sarkarne lavkarach parisachya shantatesathi vataghati suru kelya. amerikeviruddhachya aakramak mohima sampalya asalya taree paschim aanee purv indies tasech gibraltarmadhye itaratra yuddh suru rahile.
julaimadhye rockinghamchya mrutyunantar laurd shelburnchya niyuktimule sarkarmadhye aanakhi eka badal karnyas bhag padale gele. tathapi, shelburnne purvashartanshivay amerikeche swatantrya sweekarle. spenberoberchya yutichya kararanusar, gibraltar spenla sopavale jaeel yaa hamishivay-france tyanchya kararashivay shantata prasthapit karoo shakala nahee. eka motha rajnaitik haat midvanyasathi, gibraltar tabyat ghenyachya aashene, doghannahi tyavar tyancha motha hallah vegwan karayacha hota. asha prakare gibraltar haah shantata charchetil eka mukhya ghatak banala. vataghatidarmyan american shantata aayukt johnn jeey yanna gibraltar vedha aanee france aanee spenne khadak tabyat ghenyasathi aakhalelya aagami yojaneche mahatva samajale.
spanish battery nasht karane.
septemberchya suruvatila spanish lokanni british vedha bandukanchya prabhavi maryadeparyant tyanchya reshanmadhye aanakhi pragati kelee. eliotne aaplya tofkhana senapati boydla laal-garam golee aanee drakshanchya goline reshanvar bombfake karanyachi soochana kelee, jyacha vapar hallah karnyasathi purese jawal yenyache dhadas swagat spanish ganbotinviruddha mothya pramanat keela gela hota. heey "garam batate", jyanna topananav denyat aale hote, teey koradya lakadi sanrakshananvar sodanyapurvi bhattichya tapmanasathi aadhi garam kele jaat hote.
8 september 1782 roji sakali 7 vajata bombsfot suru jhaala, jyat pramukhyane spanish vedhyachya kamanchya pashchimekadil samantar bhagavar laksh kendrit kele gele. maidani tofkhana aanee itar prakarchya british banduka yaa judd bandukanna aadhar dett hotya. tivra bombsfotanantar kahee tasanchya aat parinam spasht jhaale aanee lavkarach chhavanichya apekshanpeksha jaast jhaale. mohon batteryla aanee jodanyachya kamanna aag lavnyat aalee. sann carlos aanee sann martin yaa itar batteryche mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale hote aanee french aanee spanish pioneersney tyaa anshatah nasht karavya lagalya.
bombsfotala prachand yash midale aanee tyamule mothe nuksan jhaleh spanish aanee french mrutanchi sankhya kiman 280 hotee. laal-garam shotney itake yash siddha kele hote qee batterychya agadi shejari bhatti aanee grates basavanyat aale hote.
motha hallah.
mitrapakshansathi heey spasht hott hote qee alikadil nakabandi purnapane ayashasvi jhaali hotee aanee jaminivarun hallah karane ashakya asel. haah vedha kayamcha todanyasathi kalpana mandanyat aalya. istamsavar vedha ghalanyachya kamatoon hallah swagat eka dalane hallah karnyapurvi aanee aanakhi sainyala pratikshet asalelya spanish tafyatoon spanish aananyapurvi, battery jahajanchya eka tukadine british jaminivaril batterinver hallah karava aanee tyanna anek aanee vajanachya golyandvare pathvave ashee yojana prastavit karnyat aalee hotee. french abhiyanta jeane leey michaud dii 'arcon yane tarangatya batteriescha shodh lavala aanee tyanchi rachana kelee-' naan naan 'aanee' naan naan '-jyacha uddesh samudratoon hallah karnyacha aanee itar batteries jaminivarun britishanvar bombfake karnyacha hota.
tarangatya batterymadhye majboot, jaad lakadi kavach asate-ole valuche thurr bharoon lavalele lakud, jyavar aag lagane talhanyasathi paanee pump kele jaate. yavyatirikt junya kebalsamule british shotcha padav dekhil nasht hoil aanee ballast mhanoon tofache vajan santulit hoil. banduka keval eka bajoone sodaychya hotya; starboardchi battery purnapane kadhoon taknyat aalee aanee bandaratil battery lakud aanee valoo bharoon mothya pramanat vadhavanyat aalee. daha tarangatya batteryla resheteel jahaje aanee bomb jahaje aadhar deteel, jee british aag door khechanyacha aanee vibhajit karnyacha prayatna kartil. bandukanchya done oleensah pratyeki paach battery, ekach panktisah pratyeki paach lahan battery, ekoon 150 banduka puravatat. spanish lokanni haah prastav utsahane swikarla. adhik achook mahitee midvanyasathi dii 'arcon eka kadyat shatruchya golibarat golibarat ravana jhaala.
13 september 1782 roji borban mitrarashtranni tyancha motha hallah suru kelah donn buenaventura morenochya netrutvakhali navyane tayar kelelya 'tarangatya battery' paiki dahamadhye, french aanee spanish asha donhi bajunni 5,260 ladhvayya sainikanni 138 teey 212 judd bandukansah. spanish naudalpramukh lui dii cordova yanchya netrutvakhali ekoon 30,000 khalashi aanee nausainikanni chalavalelya 49 jahaje, 40 spanish ganboti aanee 20 bomb-jahajancha samavesh asalelya spanish aanee french sanyukt tafyala dekhil pathimba denyat aala. tyanna 86 bhoo tofa aanee 35,000 spanish aanee 7,000-8 000 french sainikanni jaminivar pathbal dile hote, ekada teey padale gele qee killyanvar hallah karnyachya hetune. 80, 000 hoon adhik prekshakanche 'sainya', killyala dhool ghaloon 'british dhwaj dhoolat adakala' pahanyachya aashene, spanish bajus shejarchya tekdyanvar gardi karat hote.'tyapaiki comte dii' artoises deshatil sarvoch kutumbe hotee.
battery haloohaloo upasagarachya bajoone pudhe sarkat gelya aanee 138 bandukanni eka eka karoon golibar suru keela, parantu lavkarach ghatana yojnenusar jhalya naheet. sanrekhan yogya navhteh done pramukh jahaje "pastora" aanee "taala piedra" tyanni pahije tyapeksha adhik pudhe gelee. jevha tyanni tyanchya mukhya lakshyavar, rajachya batteriever golibar keela, tevha british bandukanni uttar dile, parantu tofanche gole tyanchya kathavarun udee martana disale. akheris spanish 'junks' heey tilajavalil valuchya kathanvar langur lavale gele, parantu british bhintinche konatehi lakshaniy nuksan houu naye mhanoon teey itake pasarale hote.
darmyan, anek aathvadyanchya purvatyarichya tofkhanyanchya golibaranantar, 200 judd-kshamatechya spanish aanee french banduka uttarekadun killyanchya dishene jaminichya bajula ughadalya gelya. yamule kahee jivitahani aanee nuksan jhaale, parantu duparparyant karagiranni laal-garam golee zadali hotee. ekada golee tayar jhaali qee, eliotne tyanna golee maranyache aadesh dile. suruvatila garam kelelya shotmule kahee farak padala nahee, kaaran anek tarangatya batteriever takalya gelya hotya.
jaree battery langur ghatalya hotya, taree kahee lavkarach jaminivar utaralya hotya aanee tyanchya rigging aanee mastsche nuksan houu lagale. rajacha balekilla sarvat jawalchya jahajanvar, 'pastora' aanee 'taala pidra' varr udala aanee lavkarach british bandukancha parinam houu lagla. aadhich gambhiraritya nuksan jhalelya 'taala piedramadhun' nighanara dhoor aanee tyat ghasaghis jhalyache disale. konatehi jahaj yeuun teela aadhar deu shakat naslyamule bhitiche vatavaran nirman jhaale; kinwa jahajala paloon jaanyacha konatahi marg navhata. darmyan, prince dii nasauchya netrutvakhalil 'pastora' mothya pramanat dhoor utsarjit karoo lagla. kaaran shodhanyache prayatna karoonahi, jahajavaril navik haralelya ladhait ladhat hote. paristhiti aanakhi bighadavanyasathi, spanish bhoo-bandukanni golibar thambavala hota. spanish sainyat powder sampaleli hotee aanee aadhich golichi sankhya qamee hotee heey lavkarach dii krilanla spasht jhaale. ratriparyant hallah ayashasvi jhalyache spasht jhaale hote, parantu tyahoon white paristhiti yenar hotee, kaaran done batteryvaril aag niyantranabaher hotee. dii crylonchi nirasha vadhavanyasathi, dii cordovachi jahaje pathbalat pudhe jaanyat ayashasvi tharali aanee barselochi jahajehi pudhe sarakoo shakali naheet. daad krillen, parabhav manya karat aanee maganya jaaree karoon spanish lokanna aswasth karoo naan ichchit asatana, lavkarach tarangatya battery nasht karnyache aadesh dile aanee aanee sutka kelee. sankat sanket mhanoon batterytoon rockett pathvanyat aale.
tarangatya batterycha naash.
yaa karvaidarmyan, british naudalacha commander rogger curtis yane, aakramankari sainya mothya dhokyat asalyache pahoon, eliotla mrutanchya mothya sambhavya sankhyebaddal aanee kahitari kelech pahije assa ishara deela. eliotne hokar deela aanee 250 purushansah baaraa ganboticha tafa tayar keela. pudhe jaat asatana teey golibar karat spanish ganbotikade nighale, jyanantar spanish lokanni twarit maghar ghetali.
curtischya ganboti batteryparyant pohochalya aanee eka eka karoon tyanna gheuun gelya; parantu kaidyankadun jevha tyanna samajale qee ajunahi anek purush jahajavar aahet aanee aata hii hanamari hott aahe tevha lavkarach heey bachavkaryat badalale. tyanantar british nausainik aanee navikanni 'pastora' varr hallah keela, jahajavaril purushanna kaidi mhanoon ghetale aanee akheris tyanna vinashkari jahajatoon baher kadhale, aanee agadi kadyavarun udanare spanish shahee manak dekhil japt kele. heey chaloo asatana, 'talla peedra' laa vyapalelya jwalanni lavkarach niyatkalikala sparsh keela. tyanantarcha sphot prachand hota, eka aavaj joou upasagarachya bhovati pratidhvanit jhaala aanee havet uthalelya dhunyache aanee avasheshanche eka prachand mashroom dhag. jahajavar anek jann marle gele, parantu ingrajanna kahee pramanat jivitahani jhaali. aata ghabaroon gelele spanish, serve panyat udee maroon british naukanparyant pohochale.
lavkarach, mothya pramanat jwalanni vyapalelya 'pastora' neey 'taala peedra' chya bhavitavyacha pathlag keela. nantarche panyaparyant jaloon khaq jhaale aanee 14 september roji sakali 1 vajanyachya sumaras gibraltarchya aagit chauda tasanvar zopun budale. aag powder magazinparyant pohochali aanee aanakhi eka motha sphot jhaala. yaveli panyat anekjan thet marle gele; eka british boat budali aanee curtischya boticha coxswen coxswen jaaun marla gela. nasau, littlepage aanee jiwant karmchari spanish parat jaanyat aanee akheris spanish tafyat paratanyat yashasvi jhaale.
curtisla jaanavale qee jalatya batteryjaval rahane asurakshit aahe aanee lavkarach jwalanni vedhalelya aanakhi done tarangatya batterytoon lokanni maghar ghetali, nantar shevati maghar ghenyache aadesh dile. adhik puud aanee golee midalyanantar spanish spanish golibar suru keela tevha bachavkaryat aanakhi adthala aala. tyanantarchya aagit aanakhi anek lock budale kinwa jaloon khaq jhaale; itaranna tyanchya swatachya tofkhanyane marle. chook lakshat aalyavarach spanish lokanni golibar thambavala, parantu toparyant khoop usheer jhaala hota. urvarit spanish battery ashach bhayanak shailit udya marlya; sphotanni mashroomachya prachand dhaganna udavoon dile jeey havet jawaljawal 1,000 phoot unch jhaale. kahee purush ajunahi jahajavar hote aanee jeey jahajavarun udee marat hote teey bahutek vela budale kaaran bahusankhyanna pohata yet navhate. pahatechya pahateparyant fakt done tarangatya battery shillak hotya. eka spanish felukkane eka vyaktila aag lavnyacha prayatna keela, parantu british bandukanni tyala palavoon lavale. doghanni lagechach tyanna petavale aanee duparparyant itaranpramanech tyanche kaam purn jhaale.
pahate 4 vajeparyant, serve tarangatya battery budalya hotya, jyamule gibraltarchya samore uddhvast jhalelya spanish jahajanche avashesh aanee mrutdeh mothya pramanat shillak hote. yaa bhavya hallyadarmyan 40,000 200,600 zadanyat aalya hotya. keval baaraa tasant jhalelya jivitahani mothya pramanat hotyah jahajanvar 719 purush hote (jyapaiki barech jann budale hote).
curtissne aanakhi 357 adhikari aanee sainikanchi sutka kelee hotee, jeey asha prakare kaidi banale, tarr vedhyachya reshet adhik jivitahani jhalyane yaa bhavya hallyasathi mitrapakshanche ekoon 1,473 sainik jhaale, jyat serve daha tarangatya tarangatya nasht jhalya. hii ladhai hii american krantikari yuddhatil sarvat bhishan ladhai hotee. ingrajanni 15 janancha balee ghetala aanee 68 jann jakhami jhaale, tyapaiki jawaljawal ardhe shahee tofkhanyatil hote. eka shahee nausainikane, jyane 'pastora' chaa motha spanish rung ghetala hota, nantar too eliotla sadar keela.
elliot aanee chhavanisathi haah eka motha vijay hota aanee mitrapakshansathi haah eka kroor parabhav hota, tyanchya yojana aanee aasha kolmadlya hotya. batteryla madat karnyasathi naan aalyabaddal dii cordovaver jordar teeka karnyat aalee, tarr dii 'arcon aanee dii krillen yanni ekmekanvar aarop aanee aarop kele. spainmadhye yaa batmila bheeti aanee nirasha bhedasavat hotee. jyaa prachand gardila jabardast vijayache aashvasan denyat aale hote, tyamule parisar aswasth jhaala.
14 september 1782 roji mitrapakshanni jaminivarun aanakhi eka hallah karnyache niyojan kele hote. istamasachya uttar tokala tokala spanish sainya tayar jhaale. tyach velee, spanish jahaje adhik sainyane bharali geleli upasagar olandun gelee. matra, nuksan khoop mothe jhaale asate assa nirnay ghet dii krilanane haah hallah radd keela. gibraltarla matra ajunahi vedha hota, parantu donhi bajunna bajunna shantata kararabaddal mahitee asalyane spanish bombsfot divasala sumare 200 200 qamee jhaale.
shantata vataghativar parinam.
20 septemberpasoon, gibraltarvaril mahan french aanee spanish hallyachya batamya parisparyant pohochu lagalya. 27 septemberparyant heey spasht jhaale qee sampoorn uttar american khandat eka velee sevemadhye asalelya sainikanpeksha jaast sainikancha samavesh asaleli hii moheem eka bhayanak aapatti hotee. madridmadhye apayashachi batami nirashatene prapt jhaali; sann ildefonsochya rajvadyatil guptachar ahwal vachtana raja mook nirash jhaala. frenchanni spanish lokanna tyanche aavashyak yuddh uddisht sadhya karnyat madat karnyasathi sarvatopari prayatna kele hote aanee gibraltarchya badalyat brittenla kahee khoop mothya savalati denyache aavahan karat paryayi nirgaman dhorananvar gambhir charcha suru kelee.
batami britishanparyantahi pohochali, parinamanvar aanandit aanee tyach velee johnn jeey yanni tyancha masuda karar sadar keela. canadachya junya simechya uttares jameen denyas spashtapane nakar dett ingrajanni lagechach tyanchya atty kathor kelya. tyanni assa aagrahi dharala qee american lokanni tyanche yuddhapoorv rashtriy karj britishanna fedave kinwa tyanchya japt kelelya malmattesathi nishthavantanna bharpai dyavi. parinami, american lokanna yaa ateenna sahmati darshavinyas bhag padale gele aanee tyanchi uttarekadil seema mothya talavanchya reshevar sthapan karnyat aalee. 30 november roji doghanmadhye prathamik shantata kararanvar purvatyarivar honar hotya.
antim krutee.
brittenmadhye naudalane gibraltarchya mothya madatichya yojananvar vichar keela, lahan, vegwan tafyapeksha motha parantu mand taaf pathvanyacha paryay nivadala. vedhyachya parinamachi hii gurukilli hotee. gibraltarla puravatha karnyache aanee nantar englandla paratanyache aadesh edmiral richard howay yanni dile hote. yaa tafyat 35 jahaje, gibraltarla gibraltarla vahatukicha motha tafa aanee purv aanee paschim indijsathi asalelya atirikt kafilyancha samavesh hota, jeey 11 september roji thukun padale. tathapi, kharab hawaman aanee viruddha viruddha arth assa hota qee britishancha tafa cape sentvar pohochala nahee. 9 octoberparyant vincent.
sann miguel" chey capture.
10 aktoobar roji vadalane mitra rashtranchya tafyavar kahar kelah yaa resheteel eka jahaj jaminivar kosalale aanee dusare gibraltarchya samudradhunitun bhoomadhya samudrat vahoon gele. dusare mhanje, donn juan morenochya netrutvakhalil 'sann miguel' yaa resheche spanish 72-bandukiche jahaj vadalat haravale. vadalamule too asahayyapane gibraltarmadhye gela. rajachya burujatoon jahajavar tofancha maaraa karnyat aala, jyapaiki kahee aat shiralya aanee tyamule nuksan aanee jivitahani jhaali. tyanantar 'sann miguel' neey dhokyatoon baher padanyacha khoop kashtane prayatna keela parantu lavkarach tyala khalee utaravanyat aale aanee chhavanitil ganboti twarit teela pakadale. gibraltarchya bandukichya khoop jawal asalyane pudhe konatahi raktapat talhanyasathi moreno sharan yenyas tayar jhaala. ekoon 634 spanish khalashi, nausainik aanee utaravanyat aalelya dragonna pakadanyat aale. 17 december roji spanish aanee frenchanni 'sann miguel' varr mortarne bombfake karnyacha prayatna ayashasvi jhaala aanee tyamule keval kiman nuksan jhaale. toparyant choorn patrika kadhoon taknyat aalee hotee kinwa jahajavar fekanyat aalee hotee.
franco-spanish tafa vadalane vikhuralelya avasthet, naudalpramukh howay yanni aaplya serve karnadharanchi bhet ghetali aanee vahatukiche surakshit aagman sunishchit karnyasathi tapshilvar soochana dilya. 11 aktoobar roji vahtook samudradhunimadhye pravesh karoo lagali, tyanantar covering fleet. chaar vahtook yashasviritya gibraltar yethe lunger ghalanyat aalee, parantu urvarit bhoomadhyasagaramadhye jordar pravahadvare vahoon nenyat aalee. britishancha tafa tyanchya magomag gela. gela badalacha fayda ghet, dii cordovacha tafa pathlag karat ravana jhaala, tarr spanish naudalpramukhane aapali lahan jahaje britishanna savkash thevanyasathi pathavali. 13 aktoobar roji, british gibraltarchya poorves sumare 50 mail antaravar spanish spanish punha ekatra aale. tyanantar teey mitrapakshanchya tafyachya aagmananantar dakshinekade morokkon morokkon ravana jhaale, joou pakadanyat ayashasvi jhaala aanee konatihi british jahaje ghetali naheet.
tisra aanee shevatcha dilasa.
parris shantata charchekade sarvanchya najra aata gibraltarchya sutkevar hotya. french aanee spanish lokanna aasha hotee qee tyachya apayshamule chhavanichya sharanagatila chalana milel, jyamule vataghati suru hotil. 15 aktoobar roji vajvi vajvi, britishanni samudradhunimadhye punha pravesh keela aanee 16-18 aktoobar roji ekoon 31 vahtook jahaje, jee mahattvapoorn puravatha, ann aanee darugola puravat hotee, tee yashasviritya gibraltarmadhye aanali. yaa tafyane tafyane, 25vya aanee aanee padatik tukadya dekhil aanalya, jyamule chhavanichi ekoon sankhya 7,000 hoon adhik jhaali. motha sanyukt franco-spanish tafa jawalach firat hota, mhanoon 20 aktoobar roji british tafyane, yuddhat gambhirpane sahbhagi naan hota, tyanna door nele. hovechya netrutvakhali britishanni yuddh rekha tayar kelee mhanoon franco-spanish vanney golibar suru keela. ingrajanni pratyuttarat golibar keela, tarr hovene 'serve jahajanna mage hatwa' asey sanket dile, jyamule kiman chauda franco-spanish jahaje anavashyak jhaali. dii cordovachya jahajanni british tafyacha pathlag karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyanchya prayatnannantarhi british, tambyachya aavaranane, sapala talhanyat yashasvi jhaale.
hii vedha ghalanyachi antim karvai hotee aanee aanee velee madat thambavanyat sahyogi naudalache nirashajanak apayash punha dakhavun dile. dii cordovachya netrutvakhalil spanish tafyachi kamgiri haah vedha padnyachya apayshatil sarvat motha ghatak hota.
vedha sampato.
gibraltarla konatyahi adchanishivay purnapane punha puravatha karnyat aala asalyachi batami 7 november roji londonla pohochali aanee bahudha tyach velee parisla pohochali. french mutsaddi comte dii vergensene yaa apayshamule santapt houn twarit vataghati punha suru kelya. hovechya madatimule spanish sankalp modala hota aanee aata tyanna samajale qee gibraltar tyanchya aavakyabaher aahe aanee mhanoon tyanna yuddhatoon baher padanyacha marg shodhayacha hota.
gibraltar surakshit asalyane, eprilmadhye santanchya ladhait rodneychya vijaysah, shantata charchetil britishanchya maganya aata mothya pramanat majboot jhalya hotya, jyamule yorktownmadheel yashache swagat swagat french vishvasala dhakka basala hota. spenne tyachya bahutansh labhancha vyapar karanyachi aupher dilee asali taree, british mutsadyanni gibraltarshi vegale honyas thaam nakar deela. velahi sampat aalee hotee. aanakhi eka varsh yuddhanantar british vijay midvatil aanee france tyachya paise udhar ghenyachya kshamatechya maryadechya jawal pohochat asalyane, vergence aata shantatesathi betab hota. spainchya aakshepancha konatahi sambandh rahila nahee aanee parismadhil spanish mutsaddi, kaunt auph aranda yanni madridchya darbarala naan vicharta sammati dilee. frenchanni 30 november roji gret britton aanee america yanchyatil prathamik shantata karar swikarla, nishedhasah parantu konatihi karvai kelee nahee. vedha suruch rahila, parantu 20 janewari 1783 roji france aanee spensobat prathamik kararanvar purvatyarivar karnyat aalya.
shantatechya mejavar vataghati vataghati maheet nasalyane, 1 februwari roji chhavanine vedha vedha satatyane aanee achook golibar keela, jyamule kahee nuksan jhaale aanee jivitahani jhaali. hote divashi dii krilanla eka patra midale hote jyat tyala kalavanyat aale hote qee samanya shantatechya purvatyarivar purvatyarivar karnyat aalya aahet. chaar divasannantar, yuddhaviramacha dhwaj dhwaj spanish jahajane prathamik kararachi batami aanali, jyachya atinmule brittenla gibraltarcha taba kayam thevanyachi parvanagi midali. februvarichya akheris, french aanee spanish sainya teen varshe, saat mahine aanee baaraa divasanchya sangharshanantar nirash houn nivrutt jhaale aanee tyancha parabhav jhaala.
parinam.
gibraltar yetheel britishanchya vijayane american krantikari yuddhacha shevatcha motha sangharsh chinhankit keela. britishansathi, khadak pakadane heey eka prachand upkram siddha jhaale hote-prachand pratikulateviruddhachya vijayache gret brittenmadhye mothya anandane swagat karnyat aale. matra, brittonne gibraltarchya chhavanila tikavoon thevanyasathi naudalache prachand prayatna pahile hote, jyacha vapar anyatha uttar american vasahatinmadhye yuddh jinkanyacha prayatna karnyasathi keela jaau shakala asata. parinami, gibraltar dharan karane mhanje nantarche gamavane assa yuktivad aahe.
teen varshanchya vedhyat british chhavaniche 333 lock marle gele aanee 1,008 jakhami jhaale, jyat chhavanichya 219 gunnercha samavesh hota. 536 teey 1,034 darmyan purush rogane maran pavale kinwa aajari padale. yavyatirikt, 196 nagri karmchari marle gele aanee 800 aajarane maran pavale. 12 april 1781 teey 2 februwari 1783 darmyan gibraltarvar gibraltarvar tofanchya 244,104 aanee aanee tofanchya 14,283 tofancha maaraa jhaala. bachavkartyanchya bandukanni 200,600 200,600 fodalya hotya aanee british jahajanni aanakhi 4,728 golya zadalya hotya aanee ekoon 8,000 baryl barud kharch kele hote. vedha vedha 6,000 hoon adhik lock marle kinwa jakhami jhaale hote, tarr itar anekjan aajari kinwa aajarane maran pavale hote. yavyatirikt, anek banduka nasht jhalya aanee sanyukt sahyogi tafyane ekoon daha tarangatya battery gamavalya, jyat eka jahaj aanee anek ganboti tabyat ghetalya. gibraltarcha motha vedha haah spanish itihasatil sarvat apmanaspad parabhav manla jaat asey. mothya vedhyadarmyan donhi bajunni ektritpane sumare paach laakh golya zadalya. eliotchya khadakachya sanrakshanamule mothya sankhyene spanish aanee french naudal aanee lashkari sansadhane jodaleli hotee jee itar mohimanmadhye maulyavan tharoo shakali asatee.
vataghatichya tablower gibraltar parat midvanyacha spanish lokanni prayatna keela taree, tyanni keval minorka aanee floridatil pradesh kayam thewale, jaree spanish lokansathi yache farse moolya navhate kinwa kahich navhate. gibraltarsathi puerto rikochi devanghevan karnyacha prayatna kosalala, kaaran yamule sanrakshit british bajarat jamaikan utpadanansathi khoop jaast spardha aalee asatee. tyanni purv floridavyatirikt paschim florida spanishla deela, joou spenne mobile aanee pensacola yethe jinkla hota. september 1783 madhye parisachya shantateveli, vharsaychya anglo-spanish kararane gibraltar britishankade sodale.
yorktownmadheel tyanchya parabhavanantar, november 1782 madhye britishanni american congressla swatantrya denyasathi prathamik shantatevar swakshari kelee, tarr tyanni amerikecha american pradesh 'mississippy nadichya madhyabhagi' aanee 1763 madhye frenchankadun jinkla gelela 'samudrakade navigation' dekhil deela. nauu mahinyanantar, gibraltar yethe spainchya apmanaspad parabhavanantar september 1783 madhye tyancha nirnayak karar jhaala. tyanantar american lokanni brittenla tyanchya uttarekade canada thevanyachi parvanagi denyas sahmati darshavali jithe tyanni quebeck yethe vijay midavala navhata aanee eka gupt protocolmadhye tyanni vachan dile qee britishanni floridavar punha vijay midavalyas, teey spain kinwa franceshee yutee karnar naheet jenekarun tyanchya dakshinekadil konatyahi british adhigrahanala virodh karata yeil. eka mahattvachya canadian vidvanane dakhavun dile aahe qee 1600 chya dashakat mississippy nadichya palikade american vasahatinna milanare stewart king jameen anudan vicharat naan gheta, 1783 madhye aapala 1763 french pradesh americananna denyacha brittoncha prathamik hetu spaniardschee fasavanuk karane haah hota."
eliotla snangruhatil shoorvir banavale gele aanee gibraltarche pahile barren heathfield tayar kele gele. sanrakshanat guntalelya anek british regimentna 'gret vedha' madhye tyanni ghetalelya shoor bhoomikechya smaranarth 'montis ignotia calpey' yaa bodhvakyasaha gibraltar killyachi badge denyat aalee."tarangatya batterychya apayshamule general dii 'arcon nirash jhaala aanee 1783 madhye" "memoriors pore server aii ell' histoir du sije dii gibraltar, paar laal 'auture days batteries floatentis" "yaa shirshakakhali eka samarthan chhapun too tyachya urvarit aayushyatil apayashabaddal tivra santapala hota"."
vedha ghatalyanantar lagechach gibraltar shaharachi punarrachana karnyat aalee, sanrakshn majboot karnyat aale aanee buruj bandhanyat aale. vedha ghatalyanantar bogda suru rahila aanee tyanna jodanyasathi gallery aanee dalanvalan bogdyanchi malika bandhanyat aalee. aalee shatkachya akheris, jawaljawal bogade khodanyat aale hote. meey 1968 paryant, jevha spanish sarkarne seema bund kelee aanee aarthik nakabandi suru kelee, toparyant spenne gibraltarla vedha ghalanyacha kinwa nakabandi karnyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee.
varsa.
sahitya.
vedha ghalatana upasthit asalele capton johnn drinkwater bethun yanni yaa mohimecha pratyakshadarshi vruttant lihila, jyache shirshak hote, "gibraltarchya vedha ghalanyacha itihas, 1779-1783", jeey 1785 madhye pratham prakashit jhaale, jeey tyaa mohimechya sarvottam vruttantanpaiki eka manale jaate.
barren munchausenane rudolph erich raspene lihilelya pustakachya chauthya aavruttit nondavale aahe, too gibraltarla bhet dett edmiral rodneychya pramukh etch. emm. ess. sandwichwar pohochala. munchausena lihito qee tyacha 'juna mitra elliot' pahilyanantar, tyane catholic padrisarkhe kapade ghatale aanee spanish reshankade sarkala jithe tyane bombney lakshaniy nuksan kele.
sangeet.
1782 madhye wolfgang amedius mosartne mahan vedhyachya smaranarth eka sangeet rachana kelee. mosartcha britishambaddal anukool drushtikon hota.
chitre.
tyaa kalatil suprasiddha kalakaranni vedha ghatalyachi anek chitre aahet.
kavita.
alexey swetakovchi kavita 'daad rock' (russianh сссссссссала) vedhyapasun prerit hotee.
smarak naane.
2004 madhye gibraltar rashtriy pudina companyne eka smarak naane prachalit kele. yaa nanyanchya samoril bajus (nanyachya samore), ujavikade tond karoon ranee elizabeth dviteey yanche chitra aanee rafael david maklofne koralele 'elizabeth dviteey gibraltar' 2004 heey akshar aahe. nanyachya ulatya bajula, utaravaril lakshyasathi eka tof aanee '1704-2004 daad gret vedha, 1779-1783 aanee eka paund' asey akshar lihilele hote aanee phillip nathan yanni korale hote.
aaj.
mothya vedhalelya bogdyanmadhye aaj varchya khadakachya naisargik rakheev bhagacha bhag mhanoon pravesh keela jaau shakato; pradarshanat diarama aanee yuddhachya pradarshanacha samavesh aahe. vedha ghatalyanantar mool tofanchya jaagi lokhandi dabyanvar adhik aadhunik 64-paund rayfalyukt thooj loader lavale gele, jyapaiki kahee ajunahi bogdyanmadhye disu shakatat. bogdyancha mothya pramanat vistar karnyat aala aahe aanee pahilya dalananshi jodanyasathi naveen bogade bandhanyat aale aahet. 1790 paryant yaa khadakachya aat sumare bogade bandhanyat aale hote. hote mahayuddhadarmyan tyancha punha vistar karnyat aala.

