
tantrik ingraji sopee

aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 saralikrut tantrik ingraji (stay) heey niyantrit bhashet tantrik dastaivajikaran tayar karnyasathiche aantarrashtriy tapasheel aahe. ingrajichi dusari bhasha bolananyanna ingrajimadhye lihileli tantrik niyamavali spashtapane samajoon ghenyas madat karnyasathi 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila (ekma saralikrut ingraji mhanoon) niyantrit bhasha mhanoon stee vikasit karnyat aalee. suruvatila heey nagri viman dekhbhal dastaivajanna lagoo hote. tyanantar jaminivaril aanee sagari vahanansah sanrakshn prakalpansathi tee eka garaj bunley. aaj, itar udhyoganchya vistrut shrenimadhye anek dekhbhal aanee tantrik niyamavali stell bhashet lihilya jaatat.
itihas.
niyantrit ingrajichya prakarakade pahile prayatna 1930 aanee 1970 chya dashakat moolbhut ingraji aanee survant moolbhut ingrajisah kele gele.
1979 madhye aerospace dastaivajikaran american ingrajimadhye (boing, douglus, lockheed ii.) lihile gele.), british ingrajimadhye (feriwalya sideli, british viman mahamandal ii.) aanee jyaa companyanchi mool bhasha ingraji navhati (fokar, eritalia, aerospecial aanee tyaa velee airbus tayar karananya kahee kampanya). european viman kampanya dekhil hotya jyanna tyanchya sthanik yantrikisathi tyanchya dekhbhalichya kagadpatranche kahee bhag itar bhashanmadhye anuvadit karave lagale.
yamule european viman udhyogane utpadkanshi ingrajicha niyantrit prakar vaparnyachya shakyatechi chaukashi karnyas sanganyasathi aii. eae. see. emm. aii. (european association auph aerospace industries) kadey sampark sadhala. 1983 madhye, itar udhyoganmadhye astitvat asalelya vividh prakarchya niyantrit bhashanchya tapasanantar, aii. eae. see. emm. aii. neey swatache niyantrit ingraji tayar karnyacha nirnay ghetala. yaa prakalpat sahbhagi honyasathi aai (aerospace industries association auph america) laa dekhil aamantrit karnyat aale hote.
yaa sahyogi karyacha parinam mhanje 1986 madhye aii. ii. see. emm. aii. dastaivaj, pii. ess. see.-<aay. dii. 1> (aii. ii. see. emm. aii. saralikrut ingraji margdarshak mhanoon olakhale jaate) chey prakashan. tyanantar, sadhyachya ankaparyant anek badal, mudde aanee sudharana prakashit karnyat aalya (st. aii. chaa sadhyacha ank 8 april 2021 chaa aahe). 2004 madhye europechi aerospace, suraksha aanee sanrakshn udyog sanghatana (aii. ess. dii.) sthapan karnyasathi anya done sanghatananmadhye aii. eae. see. emm. aii. chey vilinikaran jhalyanantar, yaa vishishtateche naav badaloon 'aii. ess. dii. saralikrut tantrik ingraji, tapasheel aii. ess. dii.-stay 100' asey karnyat aale. aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 chee dekhbhal 1983 madhye sthapan jhalelya aii. ess. dii. chya eka karyakari gut, saralikrut tantrik ingraji dekhbhal gatadware (stemag) kelee jaate.
aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 chey copyrite purnapane aii. ess. dii. chya malakiche aahe.
2013 madheel 6 vya ankapasoon, tapasheel vinamulya jhaala. gelya kahee varshant, 6 aanee 7 ankanchya 11,800 hoon adhik adhikrut pratee vitarit karnyat aalya. april 2021 madhye 8 vaa ank prakashit jhalyapasun, 3,200 hoon adhik adhikrut pratee vitarit karnyat aalya aahet (vitaran logg august 2022 madhye adyayavat karnyat aala). sahasa darr teen varshanni eka naveen ank prakashit keela jaato.
aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 tapashilanchi vinamulya adhikrut prat aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 sanketsthaladvare aanee aii. ess. dii.-standware vinanti kelee jaau shakate.
laabh.
saralikrut tantrik ingraji asey karoo shakateh
tathapi, heey dave mukhytah tyaa lokankadoon yetat jyanni teey vikasit karnyasathi, tyachi amalbajavani karnyasathi kinwa tyala pathimba denyasathi guntavanuk kelee aahe. truteey-pakshachya samarthan kinwa prakashit vaidnyanik abhyasachya anupasthitit, asha davyanna pushti nasalele manale pahije.
vishisht rachana.
aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 sopya tantrik ingraji tapashilamadhye done bhag asatatah
lekhan niyam.
lekhanache niyam done prakarchya vishayanmadhye farak karatatah prakriyatmak aanee varnanatmak lekhan. niyamanmadhye vyakaran aanee shailichya pailunchahi samavesh aahe. lekhan niyamanchya apoorn yadimadhye khaleel sankalpanancha samavesh hotoh
shabdakosh.
khaleel takta aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 shabdakoshatil eka panavaril ark aaheh
chaar stambhanche spashtikaranah
shabd (bhashanacha bhag)-yaa stambhat shabd aanee tyachya bhashanachya bhagachi mahitee asate. stay madheel pratyek manyataprapt shabdala keval bhashanacha vishisht bhag mhanoon parvanagi aahe. udaharanarth, 'chachani' haah shabd keval eka sandnya (chachani) mhanoon manjur keela jaato parantu kriyapad (chachani) mhanoon nahee. eka shabd, bhashanacha eka bhag, eka arth' yaa tattwala apavad phaar qamee aahet.
manyataprapt arth/paryay-haah stambh steamadhil manyataprapt shabdacha manyataprapt arth (kinwa vyakhya) deto. udaharan taktyat, "pravesh" aanee "apghat" manjur aahet (teey mothya aksharat lihile aahet). yaa vyakhyanmadhil majkoor stemadhye lihilela nahee. jarr shabdakoshat arth deela gela nasel, tarr tumhi tyaa arthat shabd vaparu shakat nahee. paryayi shabd vapara. jyaa shabdanna manyata nahee (teey udaharan taktyat 'sweekruti' aanee 'praveshyogya' yasarkhya lahan aksharanmadhye lihilele aahet), yaa stambhat manyataprapt paryay dile aahet, jeey tumhi apramanit shabdanna badalanyasathi vaparu shakata. heey paryay mothya aksharat aahet aanee tyaa keval soochana aahet. apramanit shabdasathi suchavalelya paryayamadhye bhashanacha vegala bhag asanyachi shakyata aahe. sahasa, suchavalelya pahilya paryayamadhye bhashanacha toch bhag asato joou apramanit shabd asato.
manjur kelele udaharan-haah stambh manjur kelela shabd kassa vaparava kinwa manjur kelela paryay (sahasa shabd-darr-shabd badal) kassa vaparava heey darshavito. vegalya rachnesah samaan arth kassa rakhayacha heey dekhil heey darshavate. manjur kelelya udaharananmadhye dilele shabd anivarya naheet. manyataprapt shabdansah samaan mahitee lihinyachi hii keval ekach paddhat darshavate. ekach gosht sanganyasathi tumhi itar manyataprapt shabdansah vegvegalya rachana varanvar vaparu shakata.
manyataprapt nasalele udaharan-haah stambh (lahan aksharatil majkoor) ashee udaharane deto jee pramanit tantrik likhanat apramanit shabd varanvar kassa vaparla jaato heey darshavate. samaan mahitee denyasathi tumhi manjur kelele paryay aanee/kinwa bhinn rachana kasha vaparu shakata heey samajoon ghenyas dekhil udaharane tumhala madat karatat. itar arth kinwa nirbandhanshi sambandhit madat chinh (bulb) naslyas, manyataprapt shabdansathi, haah stambh rikama aahe.
shabdakoshat manyataprapt aanee apramanit asha donhi shabdanchya nondi samavisht aahet. manyataprapt shabd keval tyanchya nirdisht arthanusar vaparale jaau shakatat. udaharanarth, '(v)' haah shabd donpaiki keval eka arthat vaparla jaau shakatoh
kriyapad 'darvaja bund karane' kinwa 'paripath bund karane' vyakt karoo shakate, parantu tyacha vapar itar arthansah keela jaau shakat nahee (udaharanarth 'baithak bund karane' kinwa 'vyavasay bund karane'). bund' heey visheshan shabdakoshat 'jawal' assa suchavalelya manjur kelelya paryayasah eka apramanit shabd mhanoon disate. asha prakare, steeyu "landing gearchya jawal jaau deu nakaa", parantu teey "landing gearchya jawal jaau deu nakaa". shabdakoshat soochibaddha kelelya samanya shabdasangrahavyatirikt, kalam 1, shabd, tantrik nave aanee tantrik kriyapadancha vapar karnyasathi vishisht margdarshak tattve detat, jyanchi lekhakanna tantrik mahitiche varnan karane aavashyak aahe. udaharanarth, shabd, sandnya samooh kinwa 'greece', 'discoloration', 'propeller', 'aural warning system', 'overhead panel', 'reem' aanee 'drill' yasarkhya kriyapadanchi shabdakoshat yadee nahee, parantu teey bhag 1, vibhag 1 (visheshtah, lekhan niyam 1.5 aanee 1.12) nusar manyataprapt sandnya mhanoon patra aahet.
antaral aanee sanrakshn manak.
"saralikrut tantrik ingraji" hii sandnya kadhikadhi niyantrit bhashesathi samanya sandnya mhanoon vaparali jaate. aerospace aanee sanrakshn tapasheel heey aerospace dekhbhal dastaivajikaranasathi udyog-niyantrit lekhan manak mhanoon suru jhaale, parantu lashkari jameen aanee sagari vahananchya vadhatya sankhyesathi aanee shastrastra karyakramansathi dekhil hii aavashyakta bunley aahe. jaree suruvatila teey samanya lekhan manak mhanoon vaparnyasathi navhate, taree itar udhyoganni aanee dastaivaj prakaranchya vistrut shrenisathi teey yashasviritya sweekarle aahe. americi sarkarchya sadhya ingrajimadhye aerospace manakanche kathor shabdasangrah nirbandh naheet, parantu adhik samanya lekhan manakachya prayatnache pratinidhitva karatat.
aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 madhye prakriyatmak aanee varnanatmak granthansathi vyakaran aanee shailivar nirbandhancha sanch aahe (53 niyam). tyat andaje 860 manyataprapt samanya shabdancha shabdakosh dekhil aahe. lekhakanna tyanchya dastaivajikaranat tantrik nave aanee tantrik kriyapad vaparnyasathi margdarshak tattve dilee jaatat (jarr yaa sandnya paribhashit shreninmadhye vargikrut kelya jaau shaktil tarach).
1986 pasoon, stee hii aii. tii. aii. tapasheel i2200 (purvi aii. tii. aii. 100) aanee aii. tii. aii. 104 (prashikshan) chee aavashyakta aahe. stay hii ess1000dii tapashilanchi dekhil aavashyakta aahe. european sanrakshn manakancha sandarbh (edstar) serve eda (european sanrakshn sanstha) sahbhagi sadasya deshandware sanrakshn kararasathi lagoo kelya jaananya tantrik dastaivaj lihinyasathi stay hii sarvottam sarav manakanpaiki eka manke mhanoon shifaras karate.
aaj, steache yash asey aahe qee itar udyog tyacha vapar dekhbhalichya kagadpatransathi aanee aerospace aanee sanrakshn kshetrabaher tyachya prarambhik uddeshachya palikade karatat. vahan, akshay urja aanee sagari vahtook kshetrat yacha yashasvipane vapar keela jaat aahe aanee aata vaidyakeey upkarane aanee aushadhanirman kshetrat tyacha aanakhi vistar hott aahe. shaikshanik jagaat (mahitee abhiyantriki aanee upayojit aanee sanganakeey bhashashastra) dekhil swarasya vadhat aahe.
sadhane.
boingne boing saralikrut ingraji chekar (bii. ess. eae. see.) vikasit kele. heey bhashik-aadharit chekar atyadhunik 350-niyam ingraji parcer vaparte, jeey vishesh karyansah vadhavale jaate jeey saralikrut tantrik ingraji tapashilanche ullanghan tapasate.
hyperstay heey eteplandware nirdisht kelelya niyamanche aanee vyakaranache palan karnyasathi samagri tapasanyasathi deu kelele eka plugin sadhan aahe.
kangri bhashik algoridamvar aadharit eka saralikrut tantrik ingraji chekar pradan karate. heey majkoor rachneshi sambandhit asalelya aanee ekatmik saralikrut tantrik ingraji shabdakosh pradan karananya sopya tantrik ingraji ank 7 chya serve niyamanna samarthan dete.
aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 sathee texcribe term chekar lekhakanna aii. ess. dii.-stay 100 shhee susangat nasalela majkoor shodhanyat madat karate.