
belgian comics

belgian comics haah comixchya itihasatil eka vegala upasamuh aahe aanee tyane francechya barobarine european comixchya vikasat pramukh bhoomika bajavali, jyanchyabarobar tyancha eka dirgh itihas aahe. belgiumchya done pramukh bhasha gut aanee pradeshanmadhil (dutch bhashetil flanders aanee french bhashetil valonia) comixchi pratyekamadhye spashtapane vegali vaishishtye aahet, parantu teey satat ekmekanvar prabhav padat aahet aanee braselsmadhye aanee pramukh sampadakanchya dvibhashik prakashan paramparet ekmekanna bhetat aahet. 20 vya shatkat belgiumcha aantarrashtriy aanee shashvat prabhav asalelya kahee kalanpaiki eka mhanoon, comics haah "belgian sanskraticha avibhajya bhag" mhanoon olakhala jaato.
itihas.
1940 purvi.
belgiummadhye comixche pahile mothya pramanat utpadan 1920 chya uttaradhat suru jhaale. purvi, sachitra yuva prushthe ajunahi 'images dii' epinal 'aanee flemish samatulya,' manekensbladden 'shhee khoop samaan hotee. upalabdh asalele comics francemadhun aale hote aanee bahutek belgiumchya kahee bhaganmadhye upalabdh hote jithe french bhasheche varchasva hote (valonia aanee braseels). laa semen dii suzette', 'laal' appettent 'aanee' leey bonn point illustray 'heey sarvat lokpriy hote. marijacksarkhya french lekhakanni belgian masikanmadhyehi yogdan dile.
1920 chya dashakat anek naveen yuva masike tayar jhaali, kahee swatantra, udaharanarth catholic prakashak altiora everboad kinwa 'leey boy-scout bails' sarkhya skaut masike, jithe herge (georges remi) chaa prarambh jhaala, tyapasoon dvibhashik 'zoneland'/'pattits bails', itar vartamanpatra purak mhanoon prakashit karnyat aale. yapaiki sarvat prasiddha 'leey pettit wingtium' heey catholic vruttpatra 'leey wingtium seekl' chey saptahik yuva purak hote. 1928 madhye sthapan jhalelya yaa sansthene tarun kalakar georges remi yanna mukhya sampadak aanee mukhya yogdankarta mhanoon niyukt kele. remi, jyala harge mhanoon olakhale jaate, tyane janewari 1929 madhye purkasathi eka naveen malika suru keleeh 'daad adventures auph tintin'. suruvatila french comics lekhak elen seent-ogan aanee pinchon aanee american george mcmanus yanchya kamacha khoop prabhav padala aanee harjane lavkarach swatachi shaili vikasit kelee. "tintin" lavkarach khoop lokpriy jhaale aanee guruwari, jevha purak samavisht kele gele tevha vruttapatrachi vikri chaar patine vadhali. anek belgian comixsathi, shailit (tathakathit ligney clyer), swaroop ly (saptahik), bhashan fugyancha vapar (tarr netherlands aanee denmarksarkhya itar deshantil comics pudhil dashakanparyant rekhachitranchya khalee majkoor thevatat) aanee masik kinwa vruttpatra aanee tyanantarchya albammadhye pratham disanyachi paddhat, heey aadarsh banale.
tintin khoop lokpriy asatana, pudhil yashasvi comics masik prakashit honyas jawaljawal eka dashak lagel. darmyan, vadhatya sankhyene yuva masike 'tintin' neey prabhavit comics asaleli kahee prushthe prakashit kartil.
george vanne remdock, pahila pramukh flemish comics kalakar, yane dusya mahayuddhanantar jawaljawal keval netherlandsmadhye kaam kele. tarihi, tyane zaan watershoot aanee booth sarkhya yuddhapoorv kalatil kahee suruvatichya flemish kalakaranvar prabhav padala aanee dainik comic strips vruttpatra kalakar mhanoon, prachalit walloon masika prakashananchya tulanet flemish comixchya vaishishtyapurn prakashan paddhaticha marg mokala keela.
mukhya pravahatil comics prakashanapeksha abhijat kalanmadhye adhik sthit asalele france masirel heey eka flemish lakud koreev kaam karnare hote, jyancha 1926 chaa "utkat pravas", 165 lakud kapanmadhye sangitaleli shabdahin katha, kadhikadhi pahili graphik kadambari manali jaate.
1930 chya uttaradhat, bahutek walloon yuva masikanni sthanik kalakaranchya eka kinwa adhik comixsathi jaaga tayar kelee. 1936 madheel 'leey kroise' madheel jije aanee 1939 madheel 'pattits belges' madheel, 'jeunese ovrier' madheel francois gianola aanee 'leey deshbhakt chitra' madheel syrius hii udaharane aahet. charleroyjavalil marcinel yetheel prakashak dupuse yanna tyanchya 'leey muestic' aanee 'bones soris' yaa done kautumbik masikanmadhye aadhich yash milat hote. mukhya karyakari adhikadhyacha mulga charles dupusene 'spiro' yaa naveen naykavar kendrit eka yuva masik suru karnyacha nirnay ghetala. 21 april 1938 roji tyachi suruvat jhaali. martin brannerche majee sahayyak, french kalakar robbert veltar yanna shirshak malika tayar karnyas sanganyat aale aanee urvarit masik 'superman' sarkhya lokpriy american comicsney bharalele hote. 8 mahinyanantar, eka asamanya halchalit, heey masik dutch bhashet "lobbardo" yaa navane prakashit jhaale. flemish comixchya vikasavar yacha kholvar prabhav padel aanee belgiumchya comixmadhye tyanchya vikasacha motha bhag samaan asel ashee khatri dilee. 1939 madhye jeeje yaa niyatkalikat sameel jhaale. 1980 madhye tyanchya mrutyuparyant tyanni tethe kaam kele aanee yuddhadarmyan aanee thet yuddhanantar teey niyatkalikache prerak shakti hote. pudhil dashakanmadhye tyachya vistarasathi aanee yashasathi teey jababdar hote aanee 1940 aanee 1950 chya dashkatil comics kalakaranchya nantarchya pidhisathi preranadayi mhanoon hote, jyala marcinel shaala mhanoon olakhale jaate. herge vyatirikt, jijechi mukhya prerana milton caniff aanee noel sikalsarkhya american kalakarankadun midali.
kahee flemish masikanni adhik aadhunik sthanik comixchi nirmiti karnyas suruvat kelee, jyat 'zoneland' madheel france vanne immercil aanee 'bravo' madheel abhivyaktivadi chitrakar frits vanne dayne burgey yasarkhya prasthapit kalakaranchya kamansah kinwa 'zoneland' madheel zaan watershoot kinwa 'ones volkske' madheel yujeen herman (urf gulabi) yasarkhya naveen navansah, 'leey pettit wingtium' pasoon prerit saptahik vruttpatra purak. bravo' aanee 'zoneland' sathee sarvat mahattvache comics lekhak johnn flanders hote, jeey 1960 chya dashkaparyant flemish masikansathi katha pradan karat rahile.
dusare mahayuddha.
yuddhadarmyan, kagadachi kamatarata aanee german kabjadaranni ladalelya maryadanmule anek masikanna tyanche prakashan thambavave lagale kinwa tyanche karya qamee karave lagale. "german aakramananantar 'leey pettit wingtium' visarjit karnyat aale aanee harjene sahyogi vruttpatra 'leey soar' sathee kaam karnyas suruvat kelee, jithe tyala 'tintin' chya saptahik duheri panavarun dainandin pattimadhye badalave lagale. kagadachya kamataratemule tyanna pratyek albumchi prushthe mageel 120 varoon 62 paryant qamee karavi lagali. yachee bharpai karnyasathi, sampadak castermanne album kalya aanee pandhyaivaji rangeet prakashit karane suru karnyacha nirnay ghetala. walloon aanee braselsachya prakashakanni tayar kelelya serve dhvanimudrakansathi heey yuddhottar manak banleh 1960chya dashakapasun jawaljawal serve flamis comics rangeet chhapalya gelya aahet.
itar masikanni prakashan suru thevanyacha prayatna keela, parantu pratibandhit american comixchya jaagi sthanik sahitya dyave lagale. naveen pratibha udayas yenyachi hii eka sandhee hotee. spiro' madhye, jijela syrius aanee tarun chitrakar mauris tilliax yanni sameel kele.
flemish masika 'bravo' chee suruvat 1936 madhye jawaljawal keval american comixs jhaali, 1940 madhye tyacha marg badalava lagla aanee french bhashetil aavrutti dekhil tayar karavi lagali, jyamule edger pii sarkhya anek tarun belgian kalakaranna aakarshit kele. jacobs, jacks laadee, raymond redding aanee flemish viilii vanderstein, aadhich prasiddha chitrakar jeane dratzs.
tarun kalakaransathi aanakhi eka marg mhanje anek lahan animation studio, jevha 1930 chya dashkatil lokpriy american animated chitrapat yapudhe dakhavale jaanar naheet tevha tayar kele gele. antwerpmadhye, reey goosense aanee bobb dii moorchi suruvat aafimpasoon jhaali aanee braselsmadhye, andre franquin, edee pape, peyo aanee mauris yanni see. bii. aii. sathee kaam kele.
1944-1958.
dusya mahayuddhacha shevat haah dusra dhakka hota, punha anek masike gayab jhaali kinwa haat badalale, tarr aata mothya pramanat naveen masike disu lagali qee teeka aanee kagadachi kamatarata sampanar hotee. "1943chya akheris gayab jhalela 'spiro' 1944madhye tyach lekhakansobat punha disala. "dusarikade 'brevo' laa naveen malak midale aanee mukhya yogdankartyanni naveen prakashakancha shodh ghetala. leey soar' yaa vruttapatrane tyachi yuddhakalin aavrutti aanee serve karmchanyanchi jaaga yuddhapoorv malak aanee karmchari gheuun ghetali aanee german lokanshi sahkarya kelyachya aaropanchi chaukashi kelee jaat asatana jawaljawal done varshe herge heey prakashan outletshivay rahile.
1946 madhye, raymond lablankla tyachya chhotya prakashan sansthecha vistar karnyasathi eka yuva masik suru karayache hote, aanee tyane aadhich lokpriy asalelya 'tintin' chaa mukhya nayak mhanoon 'tintin' niyatkalikasathi vapar karnyacha nirnay ghetala. 1946 madhye french aanee dutch bhashetil aavruttisah (jyala 'quifze' mhanatat) yachee suruvat jhaali, jee belgian comics masikanchi pratha bunley hotee. 1948 madhye francechi eka aavrutti aalee. masikane lagechach pramukhyane belgian kalakaranna niyukt kele, jyapaiki bahutek 'bravo' madhoon aaleh jacobs (jyanni aadhich harjashi sahkarya kele hote), laadee aanee navodit tarun paul kuveliyar. too twarit yashasvi jhaala aanee lavkarach jacks martins itar nave tyat sameel jhaali. flamis aavruttisah samaan yash midvinyasathi (jithe 'tintin' adyap itake prasiddha navhate), done sarvottam naveen flamis kalakaranshi sampark sadhala gelah bobb dii muur aanee viilii wanderstein. dii muur tyachya aayushyachya akherparyant harge aanee "tintin" sobat rahila, parantu 11 varshannantar wandersteinne punha masik sodale.
itar anek masike keval kahee varshe tikoon rahili aanee tyanche sarvottam kalakar nantar ektar 'spiro' kinwa 'tintin' madhye sameel jhaale. bimbo', 'story' kinwa 'reel' sarkhya masikanna pramukhyane pradeshik yash midale aanee tyat kharokharach lokpriy mukhya malikecha abhav hota. tilliexne 'bimbo' sathee, martinne 'reel' sathee kaam kele, aanee andre-paul duchetone 'bravo' chya naveen aavruttit aaplya lekhan karkirdila suruvat kelee. "pattits beljes'/'zoneland' prakashit hott rahile, parantu keval kahee paaney comixsathi samarpit kelee gelee. yaa kalatil mukhya kalakar mhanje renat demon, joou nantar francois cranals sameel jhaala.
yaa kalatil 'tintin' aanee 'spiro' sathee mukhya pratispardhi 'veer-dhwanimudrika' hotee, jyachi prakashan paddhat vegali hotih anek satat katha jyaa sahasa aathvadyatun eka panachya talasah satat disatat tyaeivaji, 'veer' darr aathvadyala eka sampoorn dirgh katha prakashit karate. tilliax, fred phankan, tibet, francois krenal, gregg heey mukhya kalakar hote... francemadhye sensor kelyamule, heey masik akher 1956 madhye gayab jhaale.
flandersmadhye, naveen masikanchi ashich bharr padali, parantu dirghkalatil sarvat mahattvache kalakar aanee comics pramukhyane vruttapatransathi kaam karat hoteh marqa sleenne 'tii kapontje' yaa niyatkalikatil anek prushthe bharali, parantu tyachi mukhya malika 'niro' 1947 pasoon 'hett volk' yaa vruttapatrat prakashit jhaali. viilii wandersteinne dutch aanee french yaa donhi bhashanmadhil masikanchya sampoorn malikansathi kaam kele, parantu tyachi mukhya malika 'spike andd suzie' 1945 pasoon 'dii standard' madhye disali.
1980 paryant yaa done kalakaranni flamis comixchya drushyavar varchasva gajavale, parantu jaree 'niro' chey french aanee germanmadhye bhashantar jhaale asale taree flanderschya baherche ekmev yash 'spike andd suzie' hote, jeey netherlandsmadhil sarvat lokpriy comic banale aanee voloniyamadhye dekhil tyanna mothya pramanat prekshak midale, pramukhyane 'tintin' madheel saat vishesh nirmit katha disalyamule, jyaa samanyatah maliketil sarvottam manalya jaatat. yaa yashamule, wandersteinne eka studio ughadala jyane shekado comics tayar kele aanee anek tarun sthanik kalakaranna sthir nokri dilee. tathapi, marcinelchya shalechya ulat aanee kahee pramanat studiochya vipareet, studio sodalyanantar phaar qamee kalakaranchi yashasvi swatantra karkird hotee. studiochya pramukh malikanpaiki eka 'besi' hotee, jee moolatah 1952 madhye 'laa libre belgic' yaa walloon vruttapatrasathi banavanyat aalee hotee aanee jee nantarach flandersparyant aanee shevati germanytil 1000 hoon adhik vinodi pustakanchya malikanparyant pohochali.
darmyan, nantar prasiddha jhalelya anek kalakaranni walloon vruttapatranmadhye chhotya pramanavar padarpan keleh peyo, gregg, albert uderzo, rene gossini,...
1950 chya dashakat, beljiyammadhil comixchya drushyavar teen mukhya prakashan paddhatinche varchasva aaheh mukhya masike 'tintin' aanee 'spiro', tyanantar sampadakanni 'lombard' aanee 'dupuse' yanni prakashit kelelya albums; dainik vruttpatra comics flandersmadhye, tyanantar 'dii standard' aanee 'hett volk' dware swast black andd white albums aanee french bhashetil vruttapatranchya saptahik vruttpatra purak, jyat pramukhyane tyanantarchya albumcha abhav hota. itar masikanchi sankhya haloohaloo qamee hott gelee aanee casterman, harjechya comixche prakashak aanee maryadit sankhyene itar comics vagalata niyatkalikashivay swatantra comic album prakashak gayab jhaale.
yaa kalat, belgian comixche tyanche 'suvarnayug' hote, joou satat vaadh aanee vistaracha kaal hota, jyamadhye anek sarvat lokpriy belgian malikanchi suruvat aanee satatya hote.
"spiro' haah vruttapatrachya gunvattechya 12 pananvarun 52 purn rangeet pananparyant vistarla aanee yuddh sampalyanantar punha sadar karnyat aalelya american comixchi sankhya 1950 madhye jawaljawal shunyavar aalee. tyanchi jaaga victor hubinon aanee jeane-michel charlier ('buck danny'), mauris tilliax ('gill jorden'), edee pape, will aanee sarvat mahattvache mhanje andre franquin, mauris aanee peyo yanni ghetali. tyanchi sambandhit malika 'gaston lagaf', 'lucky luke' aanee 'daad smurfs' aantarrashtriy bestseller bunley. pahilya pidhine jijesobat kaam kartana kalecha barachsa bhag shikala, tarr anek tarun kalakaranni tyanchi swatachi malika tayar karnyapurvi studio peyomadhye tyanchi vyavsayik karkird suru kelee, jyamule marcinelchi shaala suru raheel ashee khatri midali. franquin, will aanee peyoche lekhak, mukhya sampadak yavan delport yanni niyatkalikachya vinodi pailooche aashvasan dile. tintin' chya mukhya kalakaransah tyanni yenanya dashkansathi franco-belgian comixchi vyakhya kelee.
"tintin' chee ashich eka katha hotee, jyat jalad yash aanee vistar hota. jeane greton ('michel valent') aanee raymond matchrott yanchyasarkhe naveen kalakar naveen prekshakanparyant pohochale. harjane 'tintin' comixchya kamat madat karnyasathi tyacha studio suru keela aanee tyane bobb dii muur aanee roser leloop sarkhya anek kalakaranchya shailichi vyakhya kelee.
done masikanchya shaili spashtapane bhinn hotya, 'ligney clair' aanee 'tintin' chaa adhik gambhir, upadeshatmak swar 'spiro' chya vinodi, adhik vyangyatmak marcinel shalechya viruddha hota.
flandersmadhye, konatehi sthanik masik done anuvadit walloon masikanchya yashachi barobari karoo shakale nahee aanee yaa kalat tikoon rahnyasathi, teey swatantra masike mhanoon gayab jhaale aanee saptahik vruttpatra purak banale. sarvat mahattvache hote 'tii kapontje', jyane booth aanee rick clementche kaam prakashit kele, parantu flanderschya baher tyacha konatahi prabhav navhata. yaa kalat kharokhar yashasvi honara ekmev naveen kalakar 'jomec' haah 'jeff nees' hota, jyachi 1955 madhye suruvat jhaali aanee flandersmadheel tisra pramukh dainik vruttpatra vinodi tharala.
pome, bobb mau kinwa renat demonsarkhe kalakar qamee yashasvi jhaale aanee tyanche prekshak maryadit hote, tarr itar flemish kalakaranni french bhashetil masikansathi kaam karnyas suruvat kelee, 'spiru' madheel morris aanee 'tintin' madheel bobb dii muur yanchya pavlavar paul thevun. yaa kalatil sarvat yashasvi lock mhanje berk, jeey 'spiro' kadey jaanyapurvi yaa kalat 'tintin' madhye pahilyanda disale.
1959-1977.
1959 pasoon, 'spiro' aanee 'tintin' chey varchasva haloohaloo nahise jhaale. kalakaranchi pahili pidhi mageel dashkatil prakashanachi ly chaloo thevu shakali nahee aanee french adhikaanyaanee sanrakshanatmak sensaringdware madat karoon french masike naveen prekshakanparyant pohochali. purvi belgian masike aanee vartmanpatransathi kaam karnare rene gossini aanee albert uderzo yanchyasarkhya french kalakaranni swatache 'pylot' heey masik suru kele aanee tethil qamee nirbandhatmak vatavaranane morris, jije, charlier aanee hubinon yansarkhya 'spiro' madheel tyanchya kahee mukhya sahakanyanna aakarshit kele. morris vyatirikt, tyaa sarvanni 'spiro' sathihi kaam karane suru thewale, parantu ghasaran suru jhaali hotee.
"tintin" laa harjachya naveen kathanchya abhavamule tras sahan karava lagla. gregg 1962 madhye naveen mukhya sampadak jhaale aanee 1975 paryant rahile, niyatkalikat eka naveen, adhik praudh shaili aanee aashay sadar keela aanee herman happan, william vance, jeane vanne hammey aanee danny yasarkhya kahee pramukh naveen kalakaranchi olakh karoon dilee. parantu yaa lekhakanchi samikshakankadun prashansa hounahi, ektya francemadhye aathvadyala 270,000 pratichya vikrami uchch patalivarun prasar haloohaloo qamee jhaala aanee pudhil dashakat 'tintin' chya vividh aantarrashtriy aavrutya nahisha jhalya, parantu rosinskichya 'thorgal' saha shevatchi mothee malika suru karnyapurvi nahee.
"prushthe bharnyasathi aanee tyanchya vachakanna thevanyasathi 'spiro' laa naveen kalakar aanee malikanchi olakh karoon dyavi lagali. masikatil naveen mukhya lekhak mhanoon raul covincha uday jhalyane, tyanchyapaiki anekanna 1970 chya sumaras kharey taare bananyas vel lagla. 1960chya dashkatil sarvat mothee naveen malika franquin-sahyogi jeane robachi 'booal ett biil' hotee. 1967 madhye 'lucky luke' gayab jhalyanantar 'gaston lagaf' saha hii niyatkalikachi sarvat lokpriy malika bunley. 1970 chya sumaras, berk ('sammy'), lambil ('leesa tunics blues'), francois walthery ('natacha') aanee leloop ('yoko tsunami') heey mukhya naveen kalakar aanee malika hote, jyat sarvat mahatvache lekhak mhanoon raul covin hote. tathapi, aathvadyala sumare 280,000 pratinchi (france aanee belgium ektrit) sarvoch vikri 1966 nantar jhaali nahee.
flandersmadhye, paristhiti atishay sthir hotee, 1940 aanee 1950 chya dashkatil prasthapit lekhakanni ghetalelya maryadit sthanik prakashanachya shakyatanmule, bahutek niyatkalike gayab jhalyanantar naveen pratibhanna jaaga urali nahee. naveen kalakaranni ektar mothya studio wandersteinmadhye kaam karnyas suruvat kelee kinwa 'spiro' aanee 'tintin' madhye pravesh karnyacha prayatna keela, jyamule donhi bhasha gatanchya comics drushyanmadhil bandh majboot jhaala.
1960 chya dashakat netherlands aanee francemadhye suru jhaleli comics fandom, 1966 madhye flandersmadhye, johnn smatechya vegvegalya prakashanansah udayas aalee, jyanni 1972 madhye pahila flemish comics puraskarhi tayar keela. haah 'daad adventures auph niro' madheel baal vilakshan patrachya anuyayichya navavarun naav dilela, flanderscha sarvat mahattvacha comics puraskar, bronzen follomer mhanoon vikasit jhaala. voloniyamadhye, tyachi suruvat 1971 salich jhaali, jyat andre leborne yanni pahile puraskar (braselsmadhil prix seent-michel) aanee fanzin (rantonplan) aanee june sahitya prakashit karnare pahile vishesh dukan aanee prakashak, michel deligney, heey donhi midale. braselsmadhil seent-look sansthene edee pape sarkhya shikshakansah eka comics vibhag tayar keela aanee 1980 aanee 1990 chya dashakat samore aalelya naveen, adhik praudh-kendrit lekhakansathi too mukhyatve jababdar hota. deshbhar pramukh kalakaransobat pradarshane aayojit karnyat aalee hotee, kahee haushi utsahi lokandware, kahinna sarkarne manyata dilee hotee.
1978-sadhya.
gelya dashakanmadhye belgian comixchya paramparik prakashan pranalinmadhye aanakhi ghasaran jhaali aahe aanee european comixmadhil belgian lekhakanche varchasva sampushtat aale aahe.
saptahik yuva comixchya varchasvatun dirgh praudh comixkade honare badal pratibimbit karnare 'tintin' chey nidhan aanee 1978 madhye 'aaa suvar' chee suruvat, prakashak castermanche adhik praudh kendrit masik. tyane graphik kadambyanchya mukhya european lekhakanche lamb "adhyay" prakashit kele, jyat hugo pratt aanee jacks tardy yanchyasarkhya kalakarancha samavesh hota. tyapaiki, didier comes, benoit sokal aanee francois schuten yasah sarvottam walloon aanee braselsachya pratibhansathi ajunahi jaaga rakheev hotee. metal hurlant' sarkhya french masikanna adhik bauddhik pratisad mhanoon pahile jaanare heey masik, jeey chitratmak navkalpanankade adhik kendrit hote, teey eka mothe yash hote aanee tyancha bharpur prabhav hota, parantu tulanene alpakalin tharale. dutch bhashechi aavrutti, 1980 madhye suru jhaali, 1989 madhye dumadali gelee (tyach varshi 'pylot' neey prakashan thambavale) aanee 1997 madhye french bhashechi aavrutti dekhil nahishi jhaali, jyamule bajarat niyatkalikachya swarupacha ant jhalyache aanakhi disun yete jithe bahutek lock lagech album kharedi karnyas pradhanya detat.
flandersmadhye, yuva comics niyatkalikasaha antim prayog 1993 madhye standard quitzeveries yanni 'saske aine vizke weakblad' saha suru kelah classic comics aanee naveen malikanchya mishranasah aanee sarvat lokpriy dutch bhasha malika aanee mothya prachar mohimedware chalvilya gelelya, suruvatila tyala mothya pramanat prekshak midale, parantu haloohaloo gatee gamavali aanee 2003 madhye gayab jhaale.
spiro' heey ekmev comics masik tikoon rahile, parantu 2005 madhye dutch aavrutti 'lubodo' chya samaptinantar, jevha prasar keval 3,000 pratinparyant khalee aala hota, tevha flamis prekshakansathi konatihi masike mothya bajarpethet rahili naheet, jyamule tarun flamis kalakaranna mothe prekshak midvane katheen jhaale.
"darmyan, 1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakat 280,000 varoon 160,000 pratinparyant ghat jhalyanantar, 'spiro' haah chitrapat agadi sthirpane prasarit hott rahato aanee too dupiyansathichya pradarshanacha aanee album maliketil mothee guntavanuk karnyapurvi naveen kalakar aanee malikanchi chachani ghenyachya paddhaticha eka mishran aahe. 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1980 chya dashakat purak 'leey trombone illustray' aanee 'xiiii' aanee 'geremia' sarkhya comixchya prakashanasah adhik paripakv prekshakanna lakshya karnyachya prayoganantar, punha vinod malika aanee tarun kishoravayin prekshakanvar laksh kendrit kele jaate. aata bernard hisleyar, zep, tooma, janny kinwa midam yasarkhe prasiddha kalakar padarpan karatat kinwa ajunahi masikat prakashit hotat.
parantu niyatkalikachya pudhe, itar serve sampadkanpramanech, dupuse, graphik kadambyancha sangrah gheuun junya prekshakanna dekhil lakshya karatat.
tevhapasoon lambard aanee dupuse yaa donhi goshti french madhyamanchya media sahbhagane vikat ghetalya aahet, parantu mothya pramanat swatantrya kayam aahe.
flandersmadhye, haah kaal done naveen yashasvi vruttpatra comixchya udayapasoon suru jhaala, heck lehmansche 'becklandt' aanee merhoche atyant yashasvi 'kikebo'. pann tyach velee teey haloohaloo marananya pranaliche antim yash asalyache disat hote aanee flandersmadheel comics dekhil adhikadhik albambhovati kendrit aahet. yashasvi malika aanee lekhak heey thode aanee khoop door aahet, aanee bahutek, jase qee "urbanus" kinwa "eff. see. daad campioen' heey keval sthanik yash aahe. ever muellen, jeey pramukhyane chitrakar aahet, kinwa kamagurka, jeey adhik vyangchitrakar aahet, asha kahee paridhiy vyaktimatve valonia, france aanee netherlandsmadhye yashasvi hotat, parantu tyaa apavadanvyatirikt, flemish comics kalakaranna yashasvi honyachi mukhya paddhat ajunahi teen french bhashetil prakashakanni prakashit kelee aahe.
1960chya dashakapasun yapaiki kahee sarvat yashasvi aahet, william vance, joou-ell azara, griffo, marvano, jeane-pole, zaan boshert aanee look kromike.
mahatva.
vikri.
1930 paryant belgiummadhye prakashit jhalelya jawaljawal serve comics ektar french kinwa american hotya, 1950 madheel 'tintin' chya yashamule aata belgiummadhye jawaljawal konatihi paradeshi comics prakashit hott naheet aanee 1960 paryant itar paschim european deshanmadhye (united kingdam vagalata) vachalelya anek kinwa bahutek comics belgian kinwa belgian masikansathi tayar kelya jaatat. 1944 paryant, 'tintin' chey 275,000 dhvanimudrikanchi vikri jhaali hotih 2000 paryant, jagbharat vikri jawaljawal 20 kotiparyant vadhali hotee.
2000 saalee, darvarshi sumare 4 kotee dhvanimudrike belgiummadhye chhapali jaat hotih tyapaiki 75 takke dhvanimudrikechi niryat kelee jaat hotee. francemadhye vikalya jaananya andaje 75 takke comics, beljiyammadhil dupuse, leey lombard aanee casterman yaa teen mothya comics prakashakanni tayar kelya hotya. ektya dupuse, jyache varshala 9 teey 1 kotee dhvanimudrike tayar hotat aanee 1,000 shirshakanchi back catalog asate, teey french comixchya bajarpethechya eka trutiyansh bhagasathi jababdar aahe. flemish bajarpethevar mothya pramanat vishal standard quitzeverieschi maktedari aahe, jyachya pratyek naveen shirshakasathi 300,000 teey 400,000 prateensah 'spike andd suzie' tayar kele jaatat, jyapaiki ardhe netherlandsmadhye niryat kele jaatat aanee jeey 'niro', 'kikebo' aanee 'urbanus' dekhil prakashit karatat. 50 varshant ekoon 5 kotee pratinchi vikri karoon, 'jomec' yaa eka shirshakamule mothya pramanat astitvat asalelya hett volkney tyache comics dupusela vikale aahet. jaree yapaiki bahutek sampadak aata paradeshi (pramukhyane french) hatat asale taree teey ajunahi beljiyammadhun kaam karatat aanee tyanche netrutva belgiumche lock karatat. belgiummadhye 700 hoon adhik vyavsayik comics nirmate aahet, jyamule too prati chauras kiimii sarvadhik comics kalakar asalela desh banala aahe.
2010 madhye, francemadhil sarvadhik vikri honanya daha comics lekhakanpaiki chaar belgian hoteh jeane vanne hammey, harge, raul covin aanee stephen desberg. tyachpramane, sarvadhik vikri honanya daha comics shirshakanpaiki sahaa anshatah kinwa purnapane belgian moolchi hotee, jyat 'largo vinch', 'lucky luke', 'blake andd mortimer', 'leey chatt', 'leey pettit spiro' aanee 'thorgal' yancha samavesh hota. flandersmadhye, pustakanchya ekoon vikrichya sumare 14 takke comics aahet, jyat 2010 chya sarvadhik vikri honanya pustakanchya sheersh 20 madhye 5 comics (dii kikebozmadhun 3 aanee eff. see. dii. campioenmadhun 2) aahet. keval eka anuvadit comicne flandersmadheel sarvadhik vikri honanya comixchya sheersh 20 madhye sthan midavale, 'largo vinch', jeey soochit karate qee francophone comics ajunahi duchmadhye mothya pramanat anuvadit kele jaat asale taree, pramukh vikrete sthanik flemish utpadane aahet.
prabhav aanee manyata.
9vya kalechya vikasat belgiumne mothee bhoomika bajavali aahe. kharey tarr, comixla 9 vee qalaa mhanoon dekhil naav denyat aale aahe, teey eka belgianmule. maurisney 1964 madhye hii sandnya suru kelee jevha tyane 'spiro' belgiumchya comic-strip sanskratimadhye comixchya itihasabaddal eka malika suru kelee jyala 'time' masikane 'europemadhil sarvat shrimant' mhatale aahe., tarr 'calgary sunn' belgiumla 'comic stripche ghar' mhanato.
fandomchya baher belgian comixsathi manyata milane santh hote, parantu 1970 chya dashakat adhikadhik comics aanee lekhakanna vartamanpatre aanee masikanmadhye punaravalokne aanee lekh midale. comics nayak chitrit karnare pahile adhikrut tikit 1979 madhye tayar karnyat aale hote, jyat 'tintin' dakhavale gele hote aanee tyanantarchya dashakanmadhye sarvat prasiddha belgian comics aale. 1969 pasoon mothya pradarshane aayojit karnyat aalee aanee shevati beljiyammadhil comic strip artche kendra, jyala samanyatah comics sangrahalay mhanatat, teey 1989 madhye braselsmadhye victor hortane tayar kelelya junya godamat ughadanyat aale. 1994 madhye 160,000 aanee 2000 paryant 240,000 abhyagatansah tyachi zapatyane vaadh jhaali. vividh belgian shaharanmadhye pramukh comixchi bhittichitre aanee putale aahet aanee kahee sarvat prasiddha kalakaranna nitechi padvi denyat aalee aahe.
belgian comics, lekhak aanee masike samanyatah european comickchya vikasat madhyavarti manali jaatat. tintin' saha harge aanee comics shikshak mhanoon jije heey suruvatichya belgian lekhakanpaiki sarvat prabhavshali manale jaatat. french lekhak tibetne mhatale aahe qee comics kalakar harjela dev pita aanee jijela godfather manatat. jeeje heey keval andre franquin sarkhya mahattvachya belgian lekhakanchech navhe tarr jeane girod aanee jeane-claude maziers sarkhya pramukh french lekhakanchehi shikshak hote. herge studiomadhye jacks martin yanchyasarkhe french lekhak kaam karat hote aanee swis lekhak derib yanni studio peyomadhye anek varshe kaam kele. tintin' aanee 'spiro' yaa vinodi masike vegvegalya bhashanmadhye anuvadit karnyat aalee aanee masikanmadhil pramukh vinodi sahitya itali, spain, portugal, germany kinwa netherlandsmadhil mukhya vinodi sahitya masikanmadhye punarmudran karnyat aale. mukhya malikechya dhvanimudrikanche aanee lekhakanche dazanbhar bhashanmadhye bhashantar jhaale aahe aanee anek chhotya malikanchehi paschim europemadhil vegvegalya bhashanmadhye bhashantar jhaale aahe. dutch joost swart, american criss ware, austreliyan biil leak kinwa norwegian jasson yasarkhe kalakar harjachya "ligney clair" neey mothya pramanat prabhavit aahet, tarr spanish daniele torres, finish porah aanee french yaves chandle yanchyasarkhe itar kalakar jije aanee franquinchya "anoo shaili" chey adhik jawalun anusaran karatat. kamagurka aanee phillip jelak yanchyasarkhe alikadil kalakar francemadhye visheshtah lokpriy aahet. agadi alikade, belgian graphik kadambyanche bhashantar jeane-phillip stassense "devgratias" sarkhe ingrajitahi jhaale aahe, tarr anek junya malikanchi punarmudran dekhil kelee jaate, jaree anekada maryadit yash midale asale taree.
visheshtah harge aanee "tintin" chaa comics lekhakanchya vartulabaheril roy lichtenstein aanee andy warhole sarkhya itar kalakaranvarhi khoop prabhav padala aahe. francemadhil angaulem yetheel eka rasta aanee putalyanehi harjala manyata dilee aahe aanee french aanee dutch yaa donhi tapal karyalayanni "tintin" chee aathvan karoon denare tapal tikite jaaree kelee aahet.
xiii", "tintin", "spiro ett fantacio", "spike andd suzie" aanee "lucky luke" yasarkhya lokpriy malikansathi video game aanee animated aanee thet action chitrapat tayar kele gele aahet aanee dirghkal chalaleli hannah-barbera malika "daad smurfs" mothya vyaparasah jagbharat yashasvi jhaali aanee 2005 aanee 2006 madhye germany aanee canadamadhye "tintin" aanee "lucky luke" chya sahsanvar aadharit animated vyangchitranchya manankanatun yash disun yete. parantu herman happan aanee jeane vanne hammey yanchya "daad wading party" sarkhya adhik paripakv graphik kadambyanche dekhil chitrapatanmadhye rupantar karnyat aale aahe.
bahutek pramukh european vinodi kalakaranni kahee kaal, anekada tyanchya karkirdichya suruvatichya kalat, belgiummadhye kaam keleh albert uderjo aanee rene gossini, jacks tardy, jeane gratton aanee clyer bretcher, andreasasarkhe german, polish lekhak grazegorge rosinsky, portugij carlos roqa, swis lekhak zep aanee kose yasarkhe french lekhak... pramukh italian lekhak hugo pratt yannihi castermansathi nantarchya kalatil tyachya anek prasiddha kalakruti tayar kelya.