
american sangeet

america saan () haah madhya vhietanammadhil sodoon dilelya aanee anshatah uddhvast jhalelya shaiv hindu mandirancha samooh aahe, joou 4thya aanee 14vya shatkachya darmyan champa yaa chaam lokanche bharatiy rajya asalelya rajanni bandhala hota. mandire shaiv dharmanusar devachya pujesathi samarpit aahet, jyamadhye dewala shiv kinwa shubh mhatale jaate. yaa vishisht sankulat, tyanchi vividh sthanik navanni pooja kelee jaate, jyapaiki sarvat mahatvache mhanje bhadreshwar.
america saan heey madhya vhietanammadhil kwangnam prantatil duy zuyenchya prashasakeey jeelhyat, duy phoo gavajaval, daa nangchya nairutyela 69 kiimii antaravar aanee tra keeyuchya aitihasik champa rajdhanipasun andaje 10 kiimii antaravar aahe. hii mandire sumare done kilometer rund khonyat aahet, jyabhovati done parvataranganni vedhaleli aahet.
isavi sunn 4 teey 14 vya shatkaparyant, america saan yetheel khore heey champachya sattadhari rajvanshachya rajansathi dharmik sohalyache thikan hote, tasech chaam rajgharane aanee rashtriy nayakansathi dafansthan hote. inderpura (dong dung) aanee simhapura (trakeeu) yaa jawalchya chaam shaharanshi tyacha jawalcha sambandh hota. ekekali, yaa thikani 70 hoon adhik mandire tasech sanskrut aanee chammadhil aitihasikdrushtya mahattvache shilalekh asalele asankhya stambh hote.
america saan heey kadachit aagney aashiyatil mukhya bhoomitil sarvat jaast kaal vastavya asalele puratatviy sthal aahe, parantu vietnam yuddhachya eka aathvadyat amerikechya bombsfotanmule tyachi bahutansh vastukala nasht jhaali.
american saan mandir sankul heey aagney aashiyatil pramukh shaiv hindu mandir sankulanpaiki eka manale jaate aanee vhietanammadhil yaa swarupache agraganya varsa sthal aahe. tyachi tulana anekada aagney aashiyatil itar aitihasik mandir sankulanshi kelee jaate, jase qee indoneshiyatil jaavacha borobudur, kambodiyacha angkor watt, laosacha watt phau, myanmarcha bagan aanee thayalandacha prasat hiin fimai. 1999 paryant, unescone american shaharala jaagtik varsa sthal mhanoon manyata dilee aahe. tyachya 23 vya baithakit, unescone utkranti aanee sanskratitil badalache udaharan mhanoon aanee tyachya nikash see (3) nusar, aata namshesh jhalelya ashiyai sanskraticha purava mhanoon, see (2) yaa nikashanusar, amerikechi hii manyata dilee.
itihas.
americetil saun yethe astitvat asaleli 70 hoon adhik mandire aanee kabare ii. sha. 4they shatak teey 14vya shatkatil aahet. tathapi, shilalekh aanee itar purave soochit karatat qee purvi aata bund padaleli bandhkame bahudha chauthya shatkapasoon astitvat hotee. heey sankul aitihasik champache dharmik aanee sanskrutik kendra asoo shakate, tarr sarkar jawalach asalelya simhapura kinwa dong dung yethe sthit hote.
bhadravarman aanee bhadreshwar.
yuu. ess. saan yethe sapadalelya puravyandvare dastaivajikaran kelelya sarvat junya aitihasik ghatana raja bhadravarman pahila (shabdasha 'aashirvadit kavach' parantu jyacha arth 'jasminam sambak' phool dekhil aahe;) yachya kalashi sambandhit aahet, jyane 380 teey 413 paryant rajya kele aanee jyane tyachya rajvaticha uttarardh chiinii-vyapt uttar vhietanamchya loksankhyeviruddha yuddh karnyat ghalavala. americet, bhadravarmanne 'bhadreshwar' yaa sanskrut navane shivachi pooja karnyasathi eka ling asalele sabhagruh bandhale, jeey rajachya swatachya navavarun aanee samanyatah shivacha sandarbh denyasathi vaparlya jaanarya 'ishwar' yaa shabdavarun tayar kelele eka mishran aahe.
raja bhadravarmanne americet eka stambh ubharala, jyaa shilalekhat tyacha paya nondavala gela hota. rajane sampoorn american khore bhadreshwarala samarpit kele asey stambh soochit karatat. yaa granthachi sangata, bhadravarmanne tyachya uttaradhikanyanna kelelya vinantisah hoteh "majhyabaddalachya karunemule mea jeey dile aahe teey nasht karoo nakaa."sanskar aanee karmachya siddhantanvar aadharit, teey pudhe mhanale," jarr tumhi [majha paya] nasht keela, tarr tumchya vegvegalya janmanmadhil tumchi serve changli kaame majhi asateel aanee mea keleli serve white kaame tumchi asateel. yaulat, jarr tumhi denagi yogya prakare rakhali, tarr tee gunavatta keval tumchich asel."assa bhas hoto qee, bhadravarmanchya uttaradhikanyanni tyachi vinanti aikali, kaaran anek pidhyanparyant america champache dharmik kendra banale.
shambhuvarman.
bhadravarmanchi mool mandire pramukhyane lakadi samagri, asha lakadachya lakadanni banaleli hotee. durdaivane, ii. sha. 1 madhye, pahilya rudravarmanchya (aar. 527-572). 7vya shatkat, raja shambhuvarman (vhietnami bhashet phaam phaan chee, chiinii bhashet lipyantarit phann chey), jyane 572 teey 629 paryant rajya kele aanee rudravarmanacha mulga, tyane mandirachi punarbandhani kelee, shambhu-bhadreshwar yaa navane dewala punha sthapit kele aanee ghataneche dastaivajikaran karnyasathi eka stambh ubharala. shambhu-bhadreshwar haah jagacha nirmata aanee papacha naash karnara hota, asey stambhane pushti kelee aanee tyane "champachya rajyat anand nirman karava" ashee ichcha vyakt kelee."rajane swatadekheel stutee kelee, assa dawa karat qee too" "ratri ujalananya pruthvivaril suryasarkha" "hota aanee sharad rututil sandhyakali chandrasarkha tyacha gaurav ugavala"."
vidambana mhanje, kadachit, shambhuvarmanchya karkirdit champa deshala bhogave lagananya sarvat vinashkari aakramananpaiki ekane nuksan kele hote. ii. sha. 605 madhye, chiinii senapati lioo fangney sadhyachya uttar vhietanamchya bhagatoon dakshinekade sainyache netrutva kele, shambhuvarmanchya hatti-chalakancha parabhav keela aanee chaam rajdhani lutali, jyat eka hajarahun adhik bauddha pustake tasech mageel athara rajanchya karkirdiche smaran karnari sonyachi fiti samavisht hotee. tyanchya chorisah uttarekade parat jaatana, chiinii aakramankartyanna eka sathicha dhakka basala, jyane lioo fangs tyanchya mothya sankhyela grassley. tyachya bajoone, shambhuvarman aaplya rajyat paratala, tyane punarbandhanichi prakriya suru kelee aanee alikadil aapattichi punaravrutti houu naye yasathi tushtikaranadvare chiinii darbarala khandanichi niyamit pathvani pathvanyachi khatri kelee.
20vya shatkachya suruvatila american soncha shodh ghenanya french vidvananni raja shambhuvarmanne bandhalele shambhu-bhadreshwar mandir mhanoon "tyachya bhavya pramanasathi, tyachya shailichi puratanta aanee tyachya sajavatichya samruddhatesathi" pratishthit asaleli eka ajunahi astitvat asaleli imarat olakhali. vidvananna 'aii1' mhanoon olakhali jaanari hii imarat, vietnam yuddhat havai bombsfotane pratyakshat nasht jhaali hotee aanee aata tee vitachya nirakar dhiganyapeksha thodi adhik aahe.
prakasdharm.
raja prakashdharmane (poe kiah phoe paa moow, chiinii bhashet lipyantarit) ii. sha. 653 teey andaje 687 paryant champavar rajya kele. sinhasanavar basalyavar tyane vikrantavarman heey navahi dharan kele. tyachya karkirdit tyane dakshinela champachya simancha vistar keela aanee chinala rajdoot aanee khandani (hattinsah) pathavali. shilalekh tyala keval american sainashich navhe tarr jawalchya trakeeu aanee dong dung yaa shahari vasahatinshi dekhil jodatat. tyane lingavar thevanyasathi 'coses' kinwa sushobhit dhatuchya bahoo daan karanyachi dharmik pratha suru kelee. champachya rajasathi too keval shivalach navhe tarr vishnula dekhil samarpit hota.
ii. sha. 657 madhye prakashdharmane ubharalele heey american saine yethe aadhalanaya sarvat mahattvachya stambhanpaiki eka aahe. rajachya jagacha shasak mhanoon olakhalya jaananya devachya sthapaneche smaran karane haah yaa stambhacha uddesh hota.eae. punarjanmakade nenanya karmachya biyananvar maat karnyachya drushtine shiv. rajputrancha vansh nishchit karato aanee champachya rajyakartyanchya kramachi punarrachana karnyat khoop madat karato mhanoon haah stambh mahattvacha aahe. tyachya purvajanmadhye, visheshtah, rajane isanvarman pahila navachya eka kambodiyan raja asalyacha dawa keela. aanee kambodiyan rajanpramanech, tyane tyachya purvajancha shodh kakateey samrajyatil prasiddha kamma kshatriy raja aanee naag-rajkumari soam yanchyashi lavala.
nantarchya ghadamodi.
tyanantarchya rajanni junya mandiranchi nutanikaran kelee aanee atirikt mandire bandhali. anek shatkanparyant, vegvegalya aakaranchi mandire aanee mandire bandhane suru rahile aanee american saine heey madhya vhietanammadhil chaam sanskratiche dharmik aanee sanskrutik kendra tasech raje aanee dharmik netyanche dafansthan mhanoon kaam karat hote.
isanbhadreshwarasarkhi americetil bahutansh mandire 10vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee isavi sunn 11vya shatkat raja harivarman dusra (aar. 989-997) aanee nantar raja harivarman chautha (aar. 1074-1080). yaa kalatil shilalekh, khandit swaroop vagalata, tikoon rahile naheet. 10vya shatkachya suruvatila, satteche cham kendra dong doong yethe hote, jeey amerikepasoon phaar door navhate. yaa shatkachya akheris, vhietchyabarobarchya yuddhatil lashkari dhakkyanmule teey dakshinekade binh-dunh prantat visthapit jhaale hote. tathapi, chaam rajanni veloveli yuu. ess. saun yetheel mandiranche nutanikaran karane aanee naveen paya dekhil bandhane suru thewale. yuu. ess. saun yetheel sarvat alikadil mahattvapoorn chaam abhilekh haah raja jaya indravarman pachva yacha ii. sha. 1243 madheel stambh shilalekh aahe. 15vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, cham lokanni vhietchya hatoon american songchya kshetrasah tyanchi sarvat uttarekadil jameen gamavali hotee.
aadhunik shishyavrutti.
vhietnami samrat leey thaan tongne madhya vhietnamvar vijay midvalyanantar, jyamule champa rajyancha darja swayatt adhinastha pradeshanparyant qamee jhaala aanee champacha hasad aanee akheris patan jhaale, tyanantar american saan sankul nirupayogi jhaale aanee mothya pramanat visarale gele. vhietnami lokanni jinkalelya chamchya bhoomivar gave, gave, shahare vasavali aanee bandhali. 1898 madhye french vyaktine tyacha punha shodh lavala. eka varshanantar, ecole frankes dii 'extream-oriented (ephio) navachya vidvattapoorn samajachya sadasyanni american sainche shilalekh, vastukala aanee kalecha abhyas karnyas suruvat kelee. 1904 madhye tyanni tyanche prarambhik nishkarsh 'bulletin dii laal' ecole frankes dii 'extream orient' (bephio) navachya societychya niyatkalikat prakashit kele. heinry paramentier yanni american saine aanee emm yetheel avasheshanche varnan kele. ell. phenotne tithe sapadalele shilalekh prakashit kele.
punarsthapana.
1937 madhye french vidvananni american saine yetheel mandiranchi punarsthapana karnyas suruvat kelee. 1937 aanee 1938 madhye, 'aii1' mhanoon olakhale jaanare mukhya mandir aanee tyachya sabhovatalachya lahan mandiranchi punarsthapana karnyat aalee. 1939 teey 1943 darmyan itar pramukh mandiranchi durusti karnyat aalee. tathapi, vietnam yuddhadarmyan anek aitihasik imarati nasht jhalya. hii mandire vietnam aanee vhiet kang bases kshetrachya lokanchya sainyacha bhag hotee aanee parinami august 1969 madhye amerikechya vimananni yaa pradeshavar bombfake kelee. naan futalelya bhoo-khaninchya upasthitimule aajubajucha parisar ajunahi dhokadayak banala aahe.
sankulachya madhyabhagi asaleli bahutansh mandiranchi thikane aajahi tikoon aahet. tathapi, urvarit mandiranchya sanrachanatmak sudrudhatebaddal chinta kayam aahe, jyapaiki kahee kosalanyachi shakyata aahe. jaree anek putale france kinwa vhietanammadhil aitihasik sangrahalayanmadhye kadhoon taknyat aale asale, jase qee daa nangmadhil chaam shilpakaleche sangrahalay, itar germany aanee polandmadhil hitchintakanchya nidhine sthapan kelelya inn-seatoo sangrahalayat pahile jaau shakatat. 1981 madhye, lublinmadhil polish sanrakshakanchya chamoone, casemiers kwiyatkowski "kazik" yanchya netrutvakhali jirnoddhar kaame kelee.
2002 teey 2004 yaa kalat vhietanamchya sanskrutik mantralayane yaa jaagechi dekhbhal karnyasathi sumare 4,40,000 dollarsche vatap kele. unescochya masudyatil yojanela itali sarkar aanee japanchya prayojkankadun pudhil hasad rokhanyasathi nidhi puravala gela. yaa prayatnanna jaagtik smarakanchya nidhitunahi nidhi deela jaato.
puratatva aanee vastukala.
imaratinche prakar.
americetil urvarit serve imarati dharmik imarati asalyache manale jaate. teey khaleel prakarche aaheth
imaratinchya olakhasathichi pranali.
1899 madhye jevha tyane american soncha abhyas suru keela, tevha heinry paramenteerla 71 mandiranche avashesh sapadale. tyanni tyanche 14 gatanmadhye vargikaran kele, jyat pratyeki 10 pramukh gatancha samavesh hota, jyat anek mandire hotee. olakh patavanyachya uddeshane, tyanni yaa pratyek pramukh gatala eka patra dileh aaa, aaa ', buub, see, dii, eae, eff, jee, etch, keey. pratyek gatamadhye, tyane tyat asalelya imaratinna sankhya niyukt kelya. asha prakare 'majha mulga eae1' haah 'eae' gatashi sambandhit asalelya majhya mulachya imaraticha sandarbh deto jyala '1' haah kramank denyat aala aahe."
sthapatya shaili.
qalaa itihaskaranni champachya sthapatya aanee kalatmak varshache saat kalatmak shaili kinwa vikasachya tappyanmadhye vargikaran kele aahe. tyapaiki sahaa shaili american sangitamadhye darshavilya jaatat aanee done shaili tethoon udbhavalya aahet asey manale jaate. tyanna american saun eae1 shaili aanee american saun aii1 shaili mhanoon olakhale jaate. visheshtah 'aii1' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya mandirala anekada chamchi sthapatyakalechi utkrusht kalakruti mhanoon sambodhale jaate. yuu. ess. saun yethe darshavilelya cham vastukalechya sahaa shaili khalilpramane aaheth
bandhkam tantra.
americetil bahutek mandire laal vitanni banavaleli hotee aanee fakt eka ('bii1' asey label asalele mandir) dagadane banavalele hote. chaam mandiranvaril sajavatichya koreev kamdekhil vitanchya bhintinmadhye ghalalya gelelya valukashma pattyanaivaji thet vitanvarach kapale gele hote, udaharanarth 9 vya shatkatil bakongchya cambodian mandirat disun yete.
cham bandhananyanna vaparnyat yenari bandhkam tantre aajahi purnapane samajali naheet. jyaa samasyanche purnapane nirakaran jhaale nahee, tyamadhye vita sodavane, vitanmadhil mortar aanee vitanvar sapadalelya sajavatichya koreev kamancha samavesh aahe.
shilalekh.
champachya lokanni sanskrut aanee junya chaam yaa donhi bhashanmadhye lekhee nondi rakhalya. tyanni mothya panansarkhya nashwant samagrivar lihile aanee dagadat shilalekhahi tayar kele. tyanni bharatatoon ghetalelya lipicha vapar keela. nashwant samgrivaril konatehi lekhan tikoon rahilele nahee. tathapi, anek dagadi shilalekh jatan, lipyantar aanee aadhunik bhashanmadhye anuvadit kele gele aahet.
champache anek mahattvache shilalekh stambhanvar aahet, mhanje shilalekh thevanyachya uddeshane nishchitpane ubharalelya dagadi khambanvar kinwa pattyanvar. vidvananna american saine yethe ii. sha. 5vya aanee 12vya shatkatil andaje 32 stells sapadale aahet.
chaam shilalekhancha vishay-vishay mukhytah rajkiy aanee dharmik aahe. teey raja kinwa atishay uchch shaktishali lokanchya drushtikonatun lihile jaatat, jeey tyanchi vaidhata aanee daiviteshi asalele tyanche naate siddha karoo ichchitat. anek shilalekhanmadhye ekhadya dewala bhetvastu, jase qee jaminichi, lokanchi kinwa khajinyachi bhet kinwa dewala samarpit paya, jase qee mandir, vedi kinwa peeth yancha paya, asey dastaivajikaran kele aahe. yaa shilalekhanmadhye aaplyala deshache naav (sanskrut shilalekhanmadhye samanyatah 'campadesh', chaam shilalekhanmadhye 'nagar camp') aanee tyateel kahee mahattvachya shaharanchi naveh 'simhapura' ('sinh shahar'), 'veerpura' ('shoor shahar'), 'rajpura' ('raja shahar'), 'vijay' ('jilha') yasarkhi mahattvachi mahitee dekhil milate. shevati, anek shilalekh 12 vya shatkat champa aanee kambodiya yanchyat suru asalelya yuddhansarkhya manoranjak aitihasik ghatanancha ullekh karatat kinwa tyanche varnan karatat.
sandarbh.
alikadil parichayatmak kaame
shastriy shishyavruttichi kaame