
schizophrenia jokhim ghatak

schizophrenia jokhamichya ghatakanmadhye anek anuvanshik aanee paryavaraniy ghatanancha samavesh hoto. schizophrenia prachalit model mhanje vishisht majjatantu vikasatmak vikar jyachi konatihi achook seema kinwa ekach kaaran nahee (i.eae. anek yantrananmadhun udbhavate). schizophrenia haah asurakshitatechya ghatkanshi atishay guntaguntichya januk-paryavaraniy parasparsanvadatun vikasit hoto asey manale jaate. yaa jokhim ghatakanche parasparsanvad guntaguntiche aahet, kaaran garbhadharanepasun praudhatvaparyant asankhya aanee vaividhyapurn vaidyakeey upman samavisht asoo shakatat. anuvanshik aanee paryavaraniy ghatakanchya sanyogamule majjatantuchya paripathanmadhye kamatarata nirman hote, jyacha sanvedanatmak input aanee sandnyanatmak karyanvar parinam hoto. aitihasikdrushtya, haah siddhant vyapakpane swikarla gela aahe parantu naitik maryada dilyas siddha karane ashakya aahe. mendutil anek jaivik badalanmule schizophrenia udbhavato yacha pahila nishchit purava alikadech rugnachya mulpeshinmadhun vadhalelya manvi uutinmadhye sthapit karnyat aala hota, jithe schizophrenia-sambandhit neuropathologychya peshi-darr-peshi encodingmule rogachi jatilata "sadhya swikarlya gelelyapeksha adhik jatil" asalyache aadhalun aale hote.
paryavaraniy jokhim ghatkanshivay, aanuvanshik purvasthiti, samanyatah schizophreniala janm dett nahee. paryavaraniy jokhim ghatak anek aahet aanee tyat garbhadharanetil guntagunt, prasutipoorv tanav aanee poshan aanee balpaniche pratikool anubhav yancha samavesh aahe. paryavaraniy jokhim ghatak ektyane kinwa itarambarobar ektritpane karya karoo shakato.
schizophrenia samanyatah 16-30 vayogatamadhye (samanyatah 16-25 varshe vayogatatil purush aanee 25-30 varshe vayogatatil mahila) vikasit hoto; yaa aajarane grast asalelya sumare 75 takke lokanmadhye haah aajaar yaa vayogatatil vikasit jhaala. balpanatil schizophrenia (agadi lavkar suru honara schizophrenia) haah 13 varshe vay honyapurvi vikasit hoto aanee too atyant durmil asato (varanvarta 40,000 paiki 1 aahe). sarasari, striyanpeksha purushanmadhye kahee pramanat lavkar suruvat hote, jyamadhye stree laingik samprerak istrogencha sambhavya prabhav eka gruhitak aanee samajik-sanskrutik prabhav dusyachaaa asato. dopamine receptorsver istrogencha olava prabhav asalyache disate.
januk-paryavaran parasparkriya.
purave asey suchavatat qee januke aanee paryavaran yanchyatil parasparsanvadamule schizophrenia vikas hoto. hii eka guntaguntichi prakriya aahe jyat anek paryavaraniy ghatakancha samavesh aahe jyacha vikasatmak kalavadhichya shrenivar prabhav padato joou anuvanshik sanvedanshilateshi sanvad sadhato. asey suchavale gele aahe qee januk-paryavaraniy parasparsanvadavyatirikt, paryavaran-paryavaraniy parasparsanvad dekhil vicharat ghetala pahije kaaran schizophrenia vikasala chalana denyasathi pratyek paryavaraniy jokhim ghatak swatach puresa nahee.
8-hydroxy-2 '-8-deoxyguanosine (8-oo. etch. dii. jee.) kinwa 8-auxo-7,8-dehydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodji.) dware mojalya gelelya schizophrenia aanee oxidative dii. aine. aii. nuksan yanchyatil sambandh nishchit karnyasathi meta-vishleshan kele gele. schizophrenias mansik aajaranmadhye oxidative tanavache upay mhanoon 8-oo. etch. dii. jee. aanee 8-auxos. jee. chee patali mothya pramanat vaparali jaate. yaa meta-vishleshanatun heey nishchit jhaale qee schizophreniamadhye oxidative dii. aine. aii. chey nuksan lakshaniyaritya vadhale hote.
anuvanshiki.
schizophrenia haah jordar varshane milanara aahe, parantu schizophreniashi sambandhit januke balgat asalyache disana anek lokanna haah rog houu shakat nahee. sanshodhanatun asey disun aale aahe qee schizophrenia haah eka bahujanukeey vikar aahe aanee schizophrenia anuvanshik asurakshitata atyant bahughatakiy aahe, jee paryavaraniy jokhamichya ghatkanshi anek janukanchya parasparsanvadamule hote.
duheri abhyasanni asey darshavile aahe qee eksarkhya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya julya
kautumbik abhyas asey soochit karatat qee schizophrenia asalelya vyaktishi ekhadya vyakticha anuvanshik sambandh jitka jawalcha asel, titkach haah vikar vikasit honyachi shakyata jaast asel. shukranu tayar karananya peshinchya gunasutranmadhye utparivartananchi vadhati shakyata asalyamule vadilanche vay haah schizophreniamadhye eka ghatak aahe. yaulat, mahilanchya andakoshika janmachya velepurvi tevis vela vibhajit hotat. peshi vibhajanadarmyan dii. aine. aii. pratikrutimadhye nakkal trutichi shakyata peshi vibhajanachya sankhyenusar vadhate aanee nakkal trutinmadhye vaadh jhalyamule schizophrenia vadhiv ghatanansathi jababdar asalelya utparivartanancha sanchay houu shakato. bhratru julya mulanpeksha samaan julya mulansathi sarasari samanvay darr jaast asatat aanee purave asehi suchavatat qee prasutipoorv aanee prasutipoorv vatavaran dekhil samaan julya mulanmadhye samanvay daravar parinam karoo shakate.
anuvanshik umedvar.
jaree duheri abhyas aanee kautumbik abhyasanni schizophrenia mothya pramanat varsa darshavili asali, taree achook anuvanshik karane aspasht aahet. tathapi, kahee mothya pramanavaril abhyasanni yaa rogasathiche anuvanshik aadhar ughad karnyas suruvat kelee aahe. qamee jokhim, samanya prakar (umedvar abhyas kinwa genome-wide association abhyasadvare olakhale jaanare) aanee uchch jokhim, durmil prakar (jeey dii novo utparivartananmule houu shakatat) aanee prat-sankhya bhinnata (see. aine. vhee. ess.) yanchyat mahattvapoorn vibhajan kele pahije.
umedvar januk abhyas.
2003 madhye kelelya linkage abhyasachya punaravalokanat saat januke dekhil soochibaddha kelee gelee aahet, jyamule nantarchya vikar nidanasathi dhoka vadhanyachi shakyata aahe. done punravlokananmadhye asey suchavale gele aahe qee disbindine ("dii. tii. aine. bii. pii. 1") aanee neuregulin (aine. aar. jee. 1) mhanoon olakhalya jaananya done janukansathi purava sarvat majboot hota aanee itar anek janukanni (jase qee "comt", "aar. jee. ess. 4", "pii. pii. pii. 3. see. see.", "zed. etch. see. 8", "disk 1" aanee "aii. keey. tii. 1") kahee suruvatiche aashadayak parinam darshavile. drosophila' madheel nockout abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee disbindinchi abhivyakti qamee jhalyamule glutamatorgic synaptic sankraman qamee jhaale, parinami smaranshakti bighadali. eff. ex. aay. dii. 6" yaa janukajavalil badal dekhil brittenmadhil schizophreniashi sambandhit aahet parantu japanmadhye naheet. 2008 madhye, relin janukache aar. ess. 7341475 single nucleotide bahurupata (ess. aine. pii.) heey striyanmadhye schizophrenia vadhiv jokhamishi sambandhit hote, parantu purushanmadhye nahee. hii stree-vishisht sanghatana anek loksankhyanmadhye punha tayar karnyat aalee. abhyasanmadhye asey purave aadhalale aahet qee calcinurin mhanoon olakhale jaanare phosphet 3 heey prathine schizophrenia sanvedanshilatemadhye sameel asoo shakatat.
schizophrenia kinwa schizoefective disorder asalelya sumare 1,900 vyaktinmadhye shekado single-nucleotide bahurupata (ess. aine. pii.) chaa samavesh asalela yaa prakarcha sarvat vyapak anuvanshik abhyas aanee 2000 tulanatmak vishay, 2008 madhye nondavale gele qee vikar aanee purvi olakhalya gelelya 14 umedvar janukanpaiki konatyahi (aar. jee. ess. 4, disk 1, dii. tii. aine. bii. pii. 1, ess. tii. ex. 7, taar 6, pii. pii. pii. see., aine. aar. jee. 1, dii. aar. dii. 2, etch. tii. aar. 2 aii, daoa, aii. keey. tii. 1, 
"chrna7", "comt", aanee "" arvcf "") ". sankhyikeey vitarananni sandhitil bhinnateshivay dusare kahee suchavale nahee. lekhakanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee nishkarshanmule heey ashakya aahe qee yaa janukanmadhil samanya snaps heey schizophrenia anuvanshik jokhamichya mothya pramanasathi karanibhoot aahet, jaree lahan parinam nakarle jaau shakat naheet.
schizophreniamadhil anuvanshik sambandhanche kadachit sarvat mothe vishleshan schizophrenia sanshodhan manchavaril "szeen" databases aahe. 2008 chya meta-vishleshanane 16 janukanmadhil anuvanshik prakaranchi tapasani kelee aanee nammatra lakshaniy parinam aadhalale.
2009 chya abhyasat neuregulin poost-cyaneptic receptorcha keval eka januk sanch kadhoon takoon schizophrenia lakshane julanare under tayar karnyat saksham hote. parinam asey darshavito qee jaree under bahutekda samanyapane vikasit jhaale asale, taree menduchya pudhil vikasavar, glutamate receptors tutale. haah siddhant schizophrenia glutamate gruhitkala samarthan deto. 
2009 madhye sayman fraser vidyapithachya sanshodhakanni kelelya aanakhi eka abhyasat swaleenata aanee schizophrenia yanchyatil sambandh olakhalah "ess. eff. yuu. gatala aadhalale qee janukanchya chaar sanchanmadhil bhinnata swaleenata aanee schizophrenia yaa donhinshi sambandhit aahet. lokanmadhye samanyatah pratyek janukachya done pratee asatat, parantu swaleenata asalelya lokanmadhye kahee genome sthananmadhye keval ekach pratee asate aanee schizophrenia asalelya lokanmadhye tyach thikani atirikt pratee asatat."
genome-wide association abhyas.
chhotya parinamansah samanya prakarancha adhik changlya prakare shodh ghenyasathi namunyacha aakar vadhavanyasathi, genome-wide association studies (jee. vhee. aii. ess.) madheel deta mothya aantarrashtriy samoohamadhye ektrit keela jaat aahe. mansopchar genomics sangh (pii. jee. see.) rogachya jokhamivar qamee parinam karananya samanya prakaranche sambandh shodhanyasathi schizophreniavar jee. doubleu. aii. deta ektrit karnyacha prayatna karato.
2011 madhye, genome-wide association abhyasanchya meta-vishleshanadvare olakhalya gelelya yaa sahkaryane schizophreniashi lakshaniyaritya sambandhit 129 single-nucleotide bahurupata (ess. aine. pii.) genomechya pramukh histocompatibility complexes pradeshat sthit hotya.
2013 madhye yaa rogasathi ekoon 13 umedvaranchi olakh patvinyasathi yaa detasetcha vistar karnyat aala aanee rogamadhye calcium signalling haah eka mahattvacha ghatak mhanoon dekhil samavisht karnyat aala.
2014 madhye heey sahkarya aanakhi mothya meta-vishleshanaparyant vistarle, jeey aataparyantche sarvat mothe, jee. doubleu. aii. chya detavar (36,989 prakarane aanee 113,075 niyantrane) "nisarg" madhye, jeey 108 schizophrenia-sambandhit anuvanshik sthan darshavate, jyapaiki 83 purvi varnan kelele naheet. ektritpane, yaa umedvar janukanni rogatil mahattvache ghatak mhanoon neurotransmission aanee immunologyche mahatva darshavile.
schizophrenia gatanchya vishisht lakshanyukt upprakaranmadhye ess. aine. pii. madheel bhinn prakarancha eka vegala namuna asalyache disun aale, jeey rogache vaividhyapurn swaroop pratibimbit karate.
2016 chya abhyasat see4aii janukala schizophrenia dhoka asalyache soochit kele gele. see4aii heey synaptic chhatanimadhye bhoomika bajavate asey aadhalun aale aanee see4echya vadhiv abhivyaktimule dendritic mankyanchi vaadh qamee hote aanee schizophrenia dhoka jaast asato.
sankhya badalanchi prat qaraa.
itar sanshodhananni asey suchavale aahe qee janukanmadhil durmil hatvane kinwa lahan dii. aine. aii. anukramanchya nakkalinsarkhya sanrachanatmak badalanchya sarasaripeksha jaast sankhyecha sambandh schizophrenia vadhiv jokhamishi aahe, visheshtah schizophrenia kautumbik itihasashi sambandhit nasalelya "turalak" prakarananmadhye aanee asha prakare vegvegalya vyaktinmadhye anuvanshik ghatak aanee vikasache marg bhinn asoo shakatat. schizophrenia asalelya 3,391 vyaktinchya genome vyapak sarvekshanat 1 takkyanpeksha qamee prakarananmadhye see. aine. vhee. aadhalale. tyanchyamadhye, manovikarachya sambandhit pradeshanmadhye vilopan disun aale, tasech 15q13.3 aanee 1q21.1 gunasutravaril vilopan disun aale.
qamee pratee punaravruttidvare (anukramikpane samaan pradesh) madhyasthi kelelya gair-samantar samaroop punarsanyojanamule see. aine. vhee. hotat. yamule doses sanvedanshil janukanchi vilopan aanee nakkal hote. asey anuman lavale gele aahe qee see. aine. vhee. heey samanya manvi bhinnatechya lakshaniy pramanavar aadharit aahet, jyat sandnyanatmak, vartanukichya aanee mansik vaishishtyanmadhil farkanchahi samavesh aahe aanee kiman teen sthananmadhil see. aine. vhee. mule kahee vyaktinmadhye schizophrenia dhoka vadhu shakato.
asach eka see. aine. vhee. digeorge syndromedhye aadhalato, jyamadhye schizophrenia 25-30% aajivan dhoka asato. schizophreniamadhye epigenetics dekhil bhoomika bajavu shakate, protocaderine 11 ex-linked/protocaderine 11 vaay-linkedchi abhivyakti schizophreniamadhye sambhavya bhoomika bajavate.
2008 saalee schizophrenia 2,977 rugnanchya aanee saat european loksankhyetil 33,746 niyantrananchya tapasanit neurexinemadhil see. aine. vhee. chee tapasani kelee gelee aanee asey aadhalun aale qee aine. aar. ex. aine. 1 janukatil exon-prabhavit karnare vilopan schizophrenia dhoka nirman karate.
2015 madhye prakashit jhalelya schizophreniasathi see. aine. vhee. varr adyayavat meta-vishleshanane rogat darshavilelya see. aine. vhee. chee sankhya vadhavali, joou gabergic neurotransmission sahbhagasathicha pahila anuvanshik purava dekhil hota. yaa abhyasane uttejak neurotransmissionsathy anuvanshik sahbhagala aanakhi samarthan dile.
itar vikaranshi parasparsanvad sadhane.
anek abhyasanni schizophrenia aanee autism spectrum disorder, attension deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder aanee mejar depression disorder yasah itar mansik vikaranmadhil anuvanshik parasparsambandh aanee sambhavya anuvanshik sambandh suchavale aahet. eka genome-wide association abhyasane paach vikaransathi single-nucleotide bahurupata (ess. aine. pii.) detache vishleshan kele; paach vikaransah chaar januk kshetra aachchhadit aahet, jyapaiki done mendutil calcium santulan niyantrit karatat.
paryavaran.
paryavaraniy jokhamichya ghatakanmadhye prasutipoorv tanav, garbhadharana aanee janmachya guntagunt yancha samavesh hoto.
aanee itarambarobarach balpaniche pratikool anubhav. anek prasavottar vikas, prasutipoorv tanav aanee poshan, garbhadharana aanee balachya janmashi sambandhit aahet. nantarchya goshtinmadhye balpaniche pratikool anubhav aanee madak padarthanchya vaparache vikar yancha samavesh hoto.
prasutipoorv vikas.
heey changlya prakare siddha jhaale aahe qee garbhadharanetil guntagunt hii nantarchya kalat mulala schizophrenia honyacha dhoka vadhanyashi sambandhit aahe, jaree ekandarit teey agadi qamee parinamasah eka vishisht nasalela jokhim ghatak banatat. asey mhatale jaate qee, schizophrenia neuropathology nishchitpane manvi uutinmadhil anek karananmule udbhavate yacha pahila aanee ekmev prayogik purava rugnachya mool peshinmadhun tayar honanya majjatantu uutinchya prasutipoorv vikasatoon udbhavala aahe, tyamule prasutipoorv vikas haah dhokyachi eka kharab samajali jaanari parantu mahattvachi khidaki mhanoon sthapit hoto. samanya loksankhyechya andaje 25 teey 30 takke lokanmadhye prasutivishayak guntagunt udbhavate aanee bahusankhyanmadhye schizophrenia vikasit hott nahee; tyachpramane schizophrenia asalelya bahusankhya vyaktinna olakhanyayogya prasutivishayak ghatana jhaleli nasate. tathapi, vadhalela sarasari dhoka pratikruti karnyayogya aahe aanee asha ghatana anuvanshik kinwa itar paryavaraniy jokhim ghatakanchya prabhavanna madhyam karoo shakatat. schizophreniashi sarvat jaast jodalelya vishisht guntagunt kinwa ghatana aanee tyanchya parinamanchya yantrana adyap tapasalya jaat aahet.
shisesarkhya vishari padarthanchya samparkat yenyane schizophrenia spectrum vikarancha dhoka dekhil vadhu shakato yache kahee purave aahet.
eka mahamarishastriy shodh assa aahe qee schizophrenia nidan jhalelya lokancha janm hivalyat kinwa vasant rutumadhye (kiman uttar golardhat) honyachi shakyata jaast asate. yala hangami parinam mhatale gele aahe, matra parinam qamee aahe. spashtikarananmadhye tyaa velee vishanujanya sansargacha adhik prasar kinwa jivansatva dachya kamataratechi adhik shakyata samavisht aahe. buddhibal kheladunsarkhya itar nirogi loksankhyemadhye dekhil asach parinam (hiwala aanee vasant rutumadhye janm ghenyachi vadhati shakyata) aadhalala aahe.
1944chya dutch dushkaladarmyan garbhavati asalelya anek striya kuposhit jhalya aanee tyanchya anek mulanna nantar schizophrenia jhaala. 1939-1940 chya hiwali yuddhat tyanche patee marle gele heey jevha tyanna kalale tevha garbhavati asalelya finish matanchya abhyasatoon, balachya janmanantar tyanchya patichya mrutyubaddal jaanun ghetalelya matanchya tulanet, schizophrenia honyachi shakyata lakshaniyaritya jaast hotee, asey soochit hote qee prasutipoorv tanavacha dekhil parinam houu shakato.
garbhachi vaadh.
janmachya sarasaripeksha qamee vajan haah sarvat satatyapurn nishkarsh aahe, joou bahudha anuvanshik parinamandware madhyasthi kelelya garbhachya mand vadhiche sanket deto. qamee janm vajan, schizophrenia aanee menduchya ventricalchya vadhiche, cerebral atrophy soochak, pahilya aanee ekmev sambhavya abhyasat, leh sylverton aanee tyanchya sahakanyanna asey aadhalale qee qamee janm vajan (manovikarachya sandarbhat sambhavyapane mojale jaate) 30 varshannantar schizophrenia dhoka asalelya namunyatil seaty scanverill vadhiv ventricalshi sambandhit hote. cerebral etrophichi lakshane darshavinari hii chinhe schizophrenia lakshananshi sambandhit hotee. pudhil abhyasat, sylverton aanee itar. schizophrenia anuvanshik dhoka aanee qamee janm vajan yanchyatil parasparsanvad nondavala. jarr vishayanmadhye schizophrenia aanee qamee janm vajan yaa donhisathi adhik anuvanshik bhaar asel tarr menduchya scanver vadhalelya nilayancha dhoka (schizophrenia lakshananshi sambandhit aanee emil crapellinchya "dementia pracox" chey jaivikdrushtya soochak) mothya pramanat vadhala hota. tapaskartyanni suchavale qee garbhashayachya apmanamadhye schizophrenia diethesis asalelya lokanvar visheshtah taana yeu shakato, jyamule schizophrenia upasanchasathi (jeey crapellinne olakhale aahe) mendu shosh soochit karananya suruvatichya vikruteensah "diethesis-strace" etiological modella samarthan milate.
tathapi, kahee tapaskartyanni nondavale aahe qee garbhavar viparit parinam karananya konatyahi ghatakacha vadhichya daravar parinam hoil. kahincha assa vishvas aahe qee haah sambandh "kaaran" yaa sandarbhat visheshtah mahitipurn nasel. yavyatirikt, bahutek janmasamagra abhyasanmadhye schizophrenia aanee qamee janm vajan kinwa mand vadhichi itar chinhe yanchyatil sambandh shodhanyat ayashasvi tharale aahet. sylverton aanee itaranchya abhyasat kelyapramane bahutansh abhyasanmadhye janmachya vajanashi anuvanshik jokhamicha parasparsanvad mojala jaat nahee.
hypoxia.
1970 chya dashakapasun asey gruhit dharale jaat aahe qee janmachya aadhi, janmanantar kinwa lagechach mendutil hypoxia (qamee oxygenchi patali) haah schizophrenia vikasasathi eka dhokadayak ghatak asoo shakato.
prani pratikruti, aanvik jivashastra aanee mahamarishastra abhyasanmadhye hypoxia haah schizophreniashi sambandhit asalyache disun yete. eka abhyasat schizophrenia 90 takke prakarananmadhye hypoxia aanee chayapachayavar aadharit niyantrananmadhye farak karnyat yash aale. jaree abhyas pramukhyane mahamarishastriy asale taree, hypoxia heey sanvedanshilatevar prabhav takna bahya ghatakanpaiki eka sarvat mahatvache ghatak mhanoon varnan kele gele aahe. asha abhyasanmadhye hypoxic apmanala uchch mahatva dile jaate, parantu kahee kutumbanmadhil aajaracha namuna pahata, teey anuvanshik aadhar dekhil suchavatat; hypoxia heey swatach ekmev kaaran aahe assa nishkarsh kadhanyas talhatal karatat. kahee adnyat janukanchya upasthitit garbhachya hypoxiacha hippocampuschya qamee jhalelya pramanashi paraspar sambandh aahe, joou schizophreniashi paraspar sambandhit aahe.
jaree bahutek abhyasanni hypoxiacha arth kahee prakarche majjatantuche karya bighadane kinwa agadi sookshm nuksan karane assa lavala asala, taree asey suchavale gele aahe qee samanya garbh aanee garbhachya vikasat prachalit asalela sharirik hypoxia kinwa pathological hypoxia kinwa ischemia, majjatantuchya vikasat sameel asalelya janukanche niyaman kinwa aniyamit karoon parinam karoo shakato. eka sahitya punaravalokanat asey mhatale gele aahe qee schizophrenia sanvedanshilatesathi 50 takkyanhun adhik umedvar januke 'ischemia-hypoxia niyaman kinwa raktavahinyanchya abhivyakti' sathee nikash purn karatat, jaree serve janukanpaiki keval 3.5 takke januke hypoxia/ischemia kinwa vasculationmadhye guntaleli asalyacha andaj hota.
eka anudairdhya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee hypoxiashi sambandhit prasutivishayak guntagunt haah balpanatil majjatantu vikasatmak vikrutinshi aanee nantar schizophreniform vikaranchya vikasashi sambandhit eka ghatak hota. jyaa mulanmadhye schizophrenia vikasit hoto, tyanchyamadhye vayachya 4vya varshi (parantu vayachya 7vya varshi nahee) asamanya halchalincha andaj lavnyasathi garbh hypoxia aadhalala aahe, asey soochit karate qee tyache parinam neurodevelopmentchya tappyasathi vishisht aahet. schizophrenia ekpeshiy julya julya mulancha japani cases studdy (ekala nidan aahe tarr dusyala nahee) janmachya velee tyanchya vegvegalya vajanakade laksh vedhate aanee nishkarsh kadhate qee hypoxia haah farak karnara ghatak asoo shakato.
bhashan nirmititil asamanya karyatmak parshviyata (udaa.jee. schizophrenia asalelya kahee vyaktinmadhye aadhalanari ujavya golardhatil shravan prakriya) hii purv-kinwa prasavanantarchya hypoxiamule jhalelya davya tatpuratya khandachya hanichi bharpai mhanoon sthapit kelelya aniyamit majjatantunmule asoo shakate. neurodevelopmental modelmadhye eka ghatak mhanoon prasutipoorv aanee prasutipoorv hypoxia mahattvacha asalyache disun yete, jyacha mahattvacha arth assa aahe qee schizophrenia kahee prakar asha prakare pratibandh karnyayogya asoo shakatat.
schizophrenia sarkhya vikaranmadhye prasutipoorv hypoxiachi sambhavya bhoomika samajoon ghenyasathi kruntakanvaril sanshodhanane asey soochit kele aahe qee yamule censorimotor aanee shikane/smrutichya vikrutincha eka prakar houu shakato. hypoxia mendula haanee pohochavinyaitka gambhir asatana aavhanatmak kamanvar motor karya aanee samanvayatil dosh spasht hote, jeey dirghkal tikanare hote aanee "prasutipoorv hypoxiache vaishishtya" mhanoon varnan kele gele hote.
anek pranyanchya abhyasanni asey soochit kele aahe qee garbhatil hypoxia haah hypoxic ghatanechi tivrata aanee kalavadhi tasech garbhadharanechya kalavadhivar avalambun schizophreniamadhye guntalelya anek samaan majjatantuchya tharanvar parinam karoo shakato aanee manavanmadhye madhyam kinwa gambhir (parantu saumya nahee) garbhatil hypoxia haah schizophrenia anuvanshik asurakshitatechi parva naan karata, mulanmadhil motor, bhasha aanee sandnyanatmak kamataratechya malikeshi jodala gela aahe. eka peparmadhye asey punaruchchar kele gele qee schizophrenia asalelyanmadhye cerebellum neurological vikar varanvar aadhaltat aanee hypoxia nantarchya sandnyanatmak dysmetriala karanibhoot tharoo shakato assa andaj aahe
bahutek abhyasanmadhye schizophreniamadhye hypoxiacha keval eka samanya parinam aadhalato, sambhavya garbh hypoxia shodhanyasathi nirdeshkanchya sanyojanacha vapar karoon kelelya eka anudairdhya abhyasat, udaharanarth majjatantusambandhi saumya chinhe kinwa prasooti guntagunt yasarkhya prarambhik samatulya, asey nondavale gele aahe qee schizophrenia aanee itar gair-prabhavi manovikarancha dhoka "lakshaniyaritya vadhala" hota (5.75% viruddha 0.39%). jaree hypoxiache vastunishtha andaj schizophrenia serve prakaranansathi jababdar nasale taree abhyasat hypoxiachya tivratet shrenibaddha vadhinusar schizophrenia vadhatya shakyata ughad jhalya.
sansarg aanee rogpratikarak shakti.
prasutipoorv vikasadarmyan anek vishanujanya sampark, schizophrenia vadhiv jokhamishi sambandhit aahet. hivalyat janmalelya lokanmadhye teey vasant rutuchya suruvatiparyant, jevha asey sankraman adhik samanya asate, tevha schizophrenia kahee pramanat adhik samanya aahe.
influenzacha sambhavya ghatak mhanoon dirghkal abhyas keela gela aahe. 1988 chya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee dusya timahit ashiyai fluechya samparkat aalelya vyaktinna nantar schizophrenia honyacha dhoka vadhato. yach mahamarichya nantarchya british abhyasane yaa parinamachi pushti kelee, parantu croatiatil mahamarichya 1994 chya abhyasane nahee. eka japani abhyasat schizophrenia aanee influenzachya sathichya roganantarcha janm yanchyatil sambandhala konatahi aadhar aadhalala nahee.
polio, gover, vericella-zoster, rubela, herpes simplex, matechya jananendriyache sankraman, borne rog vishanu aanee "toxoplasma gondi" yancha schizophrenia nantarchya vikasashi paraspar sambandh aahe. mansopacharatadnya eae. fuller torry aanee aar.etch. yolkenne asey gruheet dharale aahe qee manavanmadhil eka samanya parjivi, schizophrenia kahee prakarananmadhye yogdan deto.
anek abhyasanchya meta-vishleshanat, tyanna schizophrenia asalelyanmadhye "toxoplasma" pratipindechi patali madhyam pramanat jaast asalyache aanee kadachit prasutipoorv kinwa prasutinantarchya "toxoplasma gondi" chya samparkat yenyache praman jaast asalyache aadhalale, parantu tivra sansarg nahee. tathapi, postmortem menduchya uutinchya dusarya abhyasat, lekhakanni herpes vishanu kinwa teecha konatahi purava nasalele, sandigdha kinwa nakaratmak parinam nondavale aahet. gondi 'schizophreniamadhye sahbhag.
schizophrenia kahee prakarananchya vikasat svayampratirakshatmakatech bhoomikesathi kahee purave aahet. vividh svayampratikar roganshi sankhyikeey parasparsambandh nondavala gela aahe aanee thet abhyasanni nishkriy rogpratikarak sakriyatecha sambandh schizophrenia kahee vaidyakeey vaishishtyanshi jodala aahe.
yala schizophrenia rogkarak siddhant kinwa schizophrenia rogjantu siddhant mhanoon olakhale jaate. haah rogacha eka rogkarak siddhant aahe jyamadhye asey manale jaate qee schizophrenia kahee prakarananche jawalche kaaran mhanje vikasit honanya garbhacha vishanusarkhya rogjankanshi kinwa yaa rogjankanchya pratisadat tayar jhalelya aaichya pratipindanshi (visheshtah, interleukin 8) honara parasparkriya aahe. lakshaniy sanshodhan asey suchavate qee vishisht aajaranchya samparkat yene (udaa.jee.influenzae) garbhachya aaimadhye (visheshtah dusya timahichya shevati) majjatantunchya vikasat dosh nirman hoto, joou mendu jasjasa vadhato aanee pudhe vikasit hoto tasatasa tarunyachya sumaras kinwa nantar schizophrenia purvasthiti mhanoon udbhavu shakato.
itar ghatak.
prasutipoorv tanav, antargarbhashayi (garbhashayatil) kuposhan aanee prasutipoorv sansarg yasarkhya prasutipoorv jokhamichya ghatakanchya vistrut shrenivar eka udayonmukh sahitya aahe. vadilanchya vadhatya vayacha sambandh schizophreniashi jodala gela aahe, bahudha gunasutratil vichalan aanee vruddhatvachya germalinechya utparivartananmule."prasutipoorv pratikool vatavaranacha dhoka vadhavun, matru-garbh recess kinwa genotype visangati dekhil jodali gelee aahe. tasech, schizophrenia asalelya matanmadhye, matecha genotype, mateche vartan, prasutipoorv vatavaran aanee bahudha aushadhopachar aanee samajik-aarthik ghatak yanchyatil jatil parasparsanvadvare vadhalela dhoka olakhala gela aahe. yapaiki anek paryavaraniy jokhim ghatakanche sandarbh online detabasemadhye gola kele gele aahet.
jaree assa sambandh drudhpane prasthapit honyapurvi mothya yadruchchik niyantrit chachanya aanee mahamarishastriy abhyasanchi aavashyakta asel, taree thodya pramanat lokanmadhye seliyak nasaleli gluten sanvedansheelata aanee schizophrenia yanchyat sambandh asoo shakato. aaharatoon gluten kadhoon ghene haah eka swast upay aahe jyamule schizophrenia asalelya lokanchya thodya (≤3%) sankhyet lakshane sudharu shakatat.
eka meta-vishleshanat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee uchch majjatantu vikaramule manovikaracha aanee schizophrenia dhoka vadhato.
anek dirghakalin abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee janmajat drushtidoshasaha janmalelya vyaktinmadhye schizophrenia vikasit hott nahee, joou eka snrakshak parinam soochit karato.
yaa velee schizophrenia vikasit karananya mahilanmadhye rajonivrutti suru honyachya darmyanchya sambandhanchya drushtine schizophreniamadhye istrogenchya parinamancha abhyas keela gela aahe. anubhavalya gelelya lakshananvar honanya tyanchya prabhavasathi astrogen upcharancha abhyas aanee moolyankan kele gele aahe. eka sahayak ghatak mhanoon ralloxifinche sakaratmak parinam disun aale aahet.
rogpratikarak shaktichya vishisht vibhaganchya sakriyatemule tryptophane-kineuranine chayapachay margachya badalanshi schizophrenia sambandhit aahe yaa gruhitkala nishkarshanni samarthan dile aahe.
aine. emm. dii. aar. aanee vhee. jee. keey. see. viruddha karya karananya kahee swayam-pratidravyanchya prasangikatecha abhyas keela jaat aahe. sadhyachya andajanusar 1.5-6.5% darmyanchya rugnanmadhye hii pratipinde tyanchya seramadhye asatat. prathamik nikalanni asey darshavile aahe qee yaa rugnanvar pratimanvikarachya aushadhanvyatirikt ivig kinwa plazma exchange aanee steroids sarkhya rogpratikarak upcharpaddhatidvare upchar kele jaau shakatat, jyamule lakshane qamee houu shakatat.
balpaniche bhootkal.
sarvasadharanpane, schizophrenia purvavarti sookshm asatat aanee jyanna schizophrenia vikasit hoil teey sahaj olakhata yenyajoga upasamuh tayar karat naheet-jyamule vishisht kaaran olakhata yeil. sarvasamanya pramanapeksha sarasari gut farak haah utkrusht tasech nikrusht kamgirichya dishene asoo shakato. ekandarit, janm samooh abhyasanni sookshm anirdisht vartanukichi vaishishtye, mansik-sarkhya anubhavansathi (visheshtah matibhram) kahee purave aanee vividh sandnyanatmak purvasthiti darshavilya aahet. olakhalya gelelya karya karnyachya vishisht kshetranmadhye kahee visangati aahet aanee tyaa balpanaparyant suru rahatat qaa aanee tyaa schizophreniashi sambandhit aahet qaa.
eka sambhavya abhyasat, gatee vikasachya tappyanvar usheera pohochane, bolanyatil kamatarata jaast asane, qamee shaikshanik chachaniche parinam, vayachya 4 aanee 6 vya varshi ekaki khelanyachi pradhanye aanee vayachya 13 vya varshi adhik samajikdrushtya chintet asane yasah vikasatmak kshetranchya shrenimadhye sarasari farak aadhalala. aaichya kaushalyanche qamee manankan aanee vayachya 4 vya varshi mulachi samaj dekhil sambandhit hotee.
jaree samanyatah schizophreniaivaji serve mansik vikaranshi sambandhit asale, taree finlandmadhil abhyasat jivanachya pahilya varshat kahee prarambhik vikasatmak farak olakhale gele. suruvatichi sookshm motor chinhe kahee pramanat tikoon rahili, jee paugandavasthetil nantarchya shalechya kamgirishi eka lahan duva darshavate. purvichya eka finish abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee schizophrenia nidan jhalelya 400 vyaktinchi balpanichi kamgiri 7 teey 9 vayogatatil motor samanvay (khel aanee hastakala) samavisht asalelya vishayanvaril niyantrananpeksha lakshaniyaritya white hotee, parantu shaikshanik vishayanvar konatehi farak navhate (itar kahee aay. kyu. nishkarshanchya ulat). (shaikshanik kshamata asoonahi, yaa vayogatatil lakshane asalelya rugnanmadhye madhyamik shalet jaanyachi shakyata lakshaniyaritya qamee hotee.)
schizophrenia lakshane anekada tarunyanantar lagechach disun yetat, jevha mendumadhye lakshaniy paripakv badal hott asatat. kahee tapaskartyanche asey mutt aahe qee schizophrenia rog prakriya prasutipoorv suru hote, tarunyaparyant supt rahate, tyanantar majjatantuchya adhogatichya kalavadhinantar lakshane nantar udbhavtat. tathapi, badalalelya shaley pranalitil mothya mulanvaril (14 teey 16) nantarchya finish abhyasatil mahitiche, nidanasathiche qamee nikash vaparoon aanee qamee prakarane parantu adhik niyantranansah, punarrachanene creeda aanee hastakala kamgirivar lakshaniy farak darshavila nahee. dusarya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee vayachya 7 vya varshiche asamanya motor samanvay guna praudhavasthet schizophrenia rugna aanee tyanchya aprabhavit bhavandanshi sambandhit hote, tarr vayachya 4 aanee 7 vya varshichya asamanya halchalinni praudh schizophrenia andaj vartavala hota parantu prabhavit nasalelya bhavandanchya sthiticha andaj vartavala navhata.
newzealandmadheel eka janmasamaveshak abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee jyaa mulanna schizophreniform vikar vikasit jhaala, tyanchyat bhavnik samasya aanee serve praudh mansik parinamanshi sambandhit aantarvaiyaktik adachani mojalya jaanyavyatirikt-neuromotor, grahansheel bhasha aanee sandnyanatmak vikasamadhye lakshaniy dosh hote. eka purvalakshi abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee schizophrenia asalelya praudhanni vayachya 12 aanee 15 vya varshi kalatmak vishayanmadhye sarasaripeksha changli kamgiri kelee hotee aanee vayachya 12 vya varshi bhashik aanee dharmik vishayanmadhye changli kamgiri kelee hotee, parantu vayachya 15 vya varshi gymnasticsmadhye sarasaripeksha white kamgiri kelee hotee.
schizophrenia asalelya vyaktinchya santativaril kahee chhotya abhyasanmadhye vividh majjatantusambandhichya vartanukitil kamatarata, garib kautumbik vatavaran aanee shaletil vighatankari vartan, samvayaskanchi kharab sanlagnata, aparipakvata kinwa apriyata kinwa garib samajik kshamata aanee paugandavasthet udbhavananya schizophrenic lakshanvidnyanat vaadh jhalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
alpasankhyak "deficit syndrome" upprakaratil schizophrenia haah alp-toot nasalelya upprakaranchya tulanet suruvatichya kharab samayojan aanee vartanukichya samasyanmule adhik lakshaniy asalyache prastavit aahe.
balpaniche gairvartan kinwa aaghat heey nantarchya aayushyat schizophrenia nidanasathi jokhamiche ghatak aahet asey purave aahet. kahee sanshodhakanni nondavale qee schizophrenia aanee manovikarache vaishishtya manali jaanari matibhram aanee itar lakshane itar anek mansik aarogyachya samasyanpramanech durlaksh aanee balpanichya durupyogashi kiman jordarpane sambandhit hotee. sanshodhakanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee rugnanna gairvartanabaddal vicharanyasathi karmchanyanchya prashikshanachi garaj aahe aanee balpanat jyanchyakade durlaksh kele gele aahe aanee/kinwa jyanchyavar atyachar jhaale aahet tyanna yogya manosamajik upchar denyachi garaj aahe.
padarthancha vapar.
schizophrenia aanee madak padarthancha vapar yanchyatil sambandh khoopach guntagunticha aahe. bahutek vyasankarak padarth manovikaracha tras nirman karoo shakatat. aushadhancha vapar kinwa nasha sampalyanantar lakshane kayam rahilyas padarth-prerit manovikarache nidan kele jaate. anek padarth-prerit manovikaranmadhye schizophreniamadhye sankraman honyachi kshamata asate, visheshtah ganja-prerit manovikaracha.
2019 chya punaravalokanat asey aadhalun aale qee padarth-prerit manovikarachya schizophreniamadhye sankramanache ektrit praman 25 takke (95 takke see. aay. <aay. dii. 2>) hote, tarr 36 takke (95 takke see. aay. <aay. dii. 1>) heey "sankshipt, asamanya aanee anyatha nirdisht naan kelele" manovikarachya tulanet hote. ganjashi sambandhit sarvadhik darr (6 abhyas, 34 takke, see. aay. <aay. dii. 1>), matibhram (3 abhyas, 26 takke, see. aay. <aay. dii. 3>) aanee amphetamines (5 abhyas, 22 takke, see. aay. <aay. dii. 2>) saha, schizophrenia sankramanacha prathamik andaj lavnara padarth haah prakar hota. opioid (12 takke), alcohole (10 takke) aanee shamak (9 takke) prerit manovikaransathi qamee darr nondavale gele. vruddha samoohanmadhye sankraman darr kinchit qamee hote parantu ling, abhyasacha desh, rugnalay kinwa samudayik sthan, shahari kinwa grameen vatavaran, nidan paddhati kinwa pathpuravyacha kalavadhi yamule prabhavit jhaale naheet.
schizophrenia rugnanmadhye madak padarthanchya vaparache praman visheshtah jaast asalyache dnyat aahe. eka abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee schizophrenia asalele 60 takke lock padarthancha vapar karatat aanee 37 takke lock madak padarthanchya vaparachya 'vikar' neey nidan karoo shakatat.
ganja.
ganjacha vapar schizophreniala karanibhoot tharoo shakato yache purave vadhat aahet. kahee abhyas asey suchavatat qee schizophrenia vikasit karnyasathi ganja haah puresa kinwa aavashyak ghatak nahee, parantu ganja schizophrenia vikasit honyacha dhoka lakshaniyaritya vadhavu shakato. tathapi, ganjacha vapar heey schizophrenia kaaran aahe qee parinam heey anekada aspasht asalyane mageel kahee sanshodhanavar teeka karnyat aalee aahe. yaa samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi, sambhavya samooh abhyasanchya punaravalokanat asey suchavale gele aahe qee ganja sankhyikiyadrushtya vaiyaktik staravar schizophrenia vikasit honyacha dhoka duppat karato aanee jarr karanatmak sambandh gruheet dharale gele tarr, samanya loksankhyetil 8 takkyanparyant prakaranansathi jababdar asoo shakato.
tarun lokankadoon ganjacha gairavapar haah menduchya visheshtah purv-agrabhagachya aachchhadanat hastakshep karoon aanee majjasansthecha vikas vikrut karoon nantarchya jeevanat schizophreniala karanibhoot asalyacha sanshay aahe. 1987 madhye prakashit jhalelya eka junya anudairdhya abhyasane sweedenmadhye ganjachya (pannaspeksha jaast vela vaparlya jaananya) uchch grahakansathi schizophrenia dhoka sahaa patine vadhalyache suchavale.
ganjacha vapar hyperdopaminergic sthiteet yogdan deto assa sanshay aahe joou schizophreniala karanibhoot tharoo shakato. ganjamadhye aadhalanari sanyuge, udaharanarth tii. etch. see., mendutil dopamine marganchi kriya vadhavtat asey disun aale aahe, jeey soochit karate qee ganjamule schizophreniamadhye manovikarachi lakshane vadhu shakatat.
pashchatya samajat 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat ganjachya sevanat vaadh hounahi, schizophreniasarkhya mansik vikaranche praman kalantarane tulanene sthir rahile.
amphetamines aanee itar uttejak.
amphetaminesmule dopamineche prakashan hote aanee schizophrenia kahee lakshanansathi (schizophrenia dopamine gruhitak mhanoon olakhale jaanare) jastiche dopamine karya jababdar asalyache manale jaate, amphetamines mansik lakshane bighadavu shakatat. methamphetamine, eka shaktishali neurotoxic amphetamine vyutpann, niyamit vaparkartyanchya mothya pramanat alpasankhyakanmadhye schizophreniasarkhe manovikrutila pravrutt karate. bahutek lokansathi, heey manovikruti sanyamachya eka mahinyachya aat nahishi hote parantu alpasankhyakansathi, manovikruti dirghakalin houu shakate. methamphetaminepasoon door asoonahi, jyaa vyaktinna dirghakalin manovikaracha vikas hoto, tyanna samanyatah schizophrenia kautumbik itihas asato.
aii. dii. etch. dii. sathee uttejak asalelya dirghakalin upcharanmule paranoya, schizophrenia aanee vartanukisambandhi sanvedansheelata vadhu shakate kinwa vadhu shakate ashee chinta vyakt kelee gelee aahe. mansik aajaracha kautumbik itihas aii. dii. etch. dii. asalelya mulanmadhye uttejak vishbadha honyachya ghatanecha andaj lavat nahee. aii. dii. etch. dii. nidanapasun swatantra, schizophrenia aanee dvidhruvi vikar nidan jhalelya rugnanmadhye balpanatil uttejak vaparache uchch darr nondavale gele aahet. bipolar disorder kinwa schizophrenia nidan jhalelya jyaa vyaktinna balpanat uttejak aushadhe lihoon dilee gelee hotee, asha vyaktinmadhye samanyatah manovikaracha prarambh lakshaniyaritya lavkar hoto aanee tyancha vaidyakeey abhyaskram adhik gambhir asato. asey suchavale gele aahe qee balpanat uttejak vaparanantar schizophrenia vikasit honanya mulanchya yaa chhotya upagatat manovikaracha vikas honyachi aanuvanshik asurakshitata antarbhut aahe. yavyatirikt, amphetaminesmule anyatha nirogi vyaktinmadhye uttejak manovikruti houu shakate; uttejak manovikruti varvarvar schizophreniashi disate aanee tyache chukiche nidan kele jaau shakate.
helucinogence.
sanshodhanachya uddeshane schizophrenia nakkal karnyasathi ketamine, pii. see. pii. (engel dust) aanee ell. ess. dii. (acid) yasarkhi aushadhe vaparali gelee aahet. ell. ess. dii. aanee itar manovikratishastrancha sanshodhan model mhanoon vapar karane anukool jhaale nahee, kaaran aushadh-prerit sthitee aanee schizophrenia vaishishtyapurn sadarikaran yanchyatil lakshaniy farak adhik spasht jhaale aahet. tathapi, ketamine aanee pii. see. pii. heey vibhedak ajunahi samaan sthitee nirman karatat asey manale jaate; teey uttejkanpeksha changle model manale jaatat kaaran teey sakaratmak aanee nakaratmak donhi lakshane nirman karatat.
daroo.
madyavar avalambun asalelya andaje 3 takke lokanna tivra nasha kinwa paise kadhoon ghetana manovikaracha anubhav yeil. alcoholshi sambandhit manovikruti hii vikrutee teey neuronal membrain, januk abhivyakti aanee kahee prakarananmadhye thyminechya kamataratemule udbhavate. asey purave aahet qee jalatya yantranedvare atee madyapanamule adhunmadhun dirghakalin padarth-prerit manovikaracha vikas houu shakato joou purvanirdharit vyaktinmadhye schizophreniamadhye sankraman karoo shakato.
tambakhucha vapar.
schizophrenia asalele lock samanya loksankhyepeksha lakshaniyaritya jaast tambakhu odhatat. sansthatmak rugna aanee beghar lokanmadhye heey praman apavadatmakaritya jaast aahe. 1993 salchya brittonchya jangananenusar, sansthanmadhye rahana schizophrenia asalelya 74 takke lock dhoomrapan karnare asalyache aadhalun aale. 1999chya abhyasat, jyat skotlandchya nithsdelmadhil schizophrenia asalelya serve lokancha samavesh hota, tyat samanya loksankhyetil 28 takkyanchya tulanet cigaret odhanyache praman 58 takke asalyache aadhalun aale. eka junya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee schizophrenia asalele 88 takke bahyarugna dhoomrapan karnare hote.
tambakhoojanya dhumrapan jaast pramanat asoonahi, schizophrenia nidan jhalelya lokanmadhye fuffusachya karkarogamule vikasit honyachi aanee maranyachi sarasari shakyata khoopach qamee asate. yaa ghataneche kaaran adnyat asale taree, karkarogas anuvanshik pratikar, aushadhancha dushparinam aanee/kinwa fuffusachya karkarogavyatirikt itar karananmule mrutyuchya vadhiv sambhavyatemule sankhyikeey parinam asoo shakato.
sigaretchya dhoomrapanamule yakrutachya karyavar asha prakare parinam hoto qee schizophreniavar upchar karnyasathi vaparali jaanari manovikrutivirodhi aushadhe adhik vegane chayapachay hotat heey swarasyapoorn aahe. parinami, schizophrenia asalelya dhoomrapan karnanyanna upcharatmak parinam prapt karnyasathi manovikarachya aushadhanchya thodya jaast matrechi aavashyakta asate.
schizophreniamadhye dhoomrapan karnyache vadhate praman nikotinane swatahun aushadhopachar karnyachya ichchemule udbhavu shakate. eka sambhavya kaaran mhanje dhoomrapanamule satarkata aanee sandnyanatmak karyat alpakalin sudharana hote. heey gruheet dharale gele aahe qee yaa parinamachi yantrana ashee aahe qee schizophrenia asalelya lokanna nicotinic receptorchya karyat adthala yeto joou tambakhuchya vaparamule tatpurata qamee hoto. tathapi, kahee sanshodhakanni prashna upasthit keela aahe qee swayam-aushadhopachar heey kharokharach yaa sanghatanesathi sarvottam spashtikaran aahe qaa.
1989 salchya abhyasat aanee 2004 salchya eka abhyasat asey disun aale aahe qee jevha haloperidol dile jaate, tevha nikotin heey dopamine-2 receptorchi sanvedansheelata kitee vadhavate heey pratibandhit karate. dopamine pranalivar avalambun, dopamine receptor kriyakalapanmadhye andaje 70 takke vaadh hounahi nikotin-prashasit rugnanmadhye tardive diskinesiachi lakshane aadhalat naheet, parantu niyantrananmadhye 90 takkyanhun adhik lakshane hotee aanee vikasit jhaali hotee. 1997 chya abhyasat asey disun aale qee nikoteenchya vaparamule manovikarachya-prerit acathesia lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala. yaa nishkarshamule yaa kalpanela samarthan milate qee tambakhucha vapar aajaar, aushadh kinwa donhiche parinam maryadit karoon swayam-aushadhansathi keela jaau shakato.
jivanache anubhav.
pratikoolata.
pratikool samajik ghatakanchya sankhyenusar (udaa.jee. balpanat upasthit asalele samajik-aarthik tote kinwa samajik bahishkaran) heey nirdeshak. tanavpurn jivanatil ghatana samanyatah schizophrenia suruvatipurvi ghadatat. sthalantaracha vaiyaktik kinwa alikadil kautumbik itihas haah schizophrenia eka motha jokhim ghatak aahe, joou manosamajik pratikoolata, bahereel vyaktipasoon samajik parabhav, vanshik bhedbhav, kautumbik nishkriyata, berojgari aanee gharanchi kharab paristhiti yanchyashi jodalela aahe. mool african caribean loksankhyechya tulanet, british african caribean loksankhyemadhye schizophrenia uchch daranshi sambandhit berojgari aanee palakanpasun lavkar vegale hone heey kahee mahattvache ghatak aahet. heey udaharan darshavite qee samajik tota aanuvanshik asurakshitatevyatirikt schizophrenia prarambhat bhoomika bajavate.
balpaniche gairvartan kinwa aaghat heey nantarchya aayushyat schizophrenia nidanasathiche jokhamiche ghatak aahet. mothya pramanavaril samanya loksankhyechya abhyasatoon gairvartanukichya atirikt anubhavanmule vadhanara dhoka soochit hoto, jaree gambhir punaravalokan suchavate qee sankalpanatmak aanee paddhatshir samasyansathi pudhil sanshodhanachi aavashyakta aahe. pratikoolatemule sandnyanatmak purvagrah aanee dopamine neurotransmissionmadhye badal houu shakato asey kahee purave aahet, yaa prakriyela 'sanvedansheelata' asey mhatale gele aahe. balpanicha aaghat aanee kutumbanmadhil shoke kinwa vegalepana heey schizophrenia aanee manovikarachya jokhamiche ghatak asalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
vishisht samajik anubhav heey schizophreniatil vishisht mansik yantrana aanee mansik anubhavanshi jodalele aahet. yavyatirikt, laingik shoshan aanee itar aaghatatun vachalelyanchya sanrachanatmak neuroimaging abhyasanmadhye kadhikadhi kahee mansik rugnanmadhye aadhalanaya nishkarshansarkhech nishkarsh nondavale gele aahet, jase qee corpus calosum patal hone, agravarti singulate cortexmadhil aakarman qamee hone aanee hippocampalache praman qamee hone.
shaharikaran.
madak padarthancha vapar, vanshik gut aanee samajik gatacha aakar yasarkhya ghatkanvar niyantran thevalyanantarhi, shahari vatavaranat rahane aanee schizophrenia vikas yanchyatil sambandh haah eka visheshtah sthir aanee pratikruti karnyayogya shodh aahe. sweedenmadhil 44 laakh purush aanee striyanvar kelelya abhyasat sarvat shaharikaran jhalelya vatavaranat rahana lokansathi nidan jhalelya manovikaracha dhoka 68%-77% vadhala asalyache aadhalun aale, jyapaiki eka lakshaniy praman schizophrenia asanyachi shakyata aahe.
shahari vatavaranat prasutisambandhichya guntaguntichya jaast ghatananmule haah parinam disun yet nahee. balpan aanee paugandavasthetil shahari jivanachi varshe aanee pramananusar dhoka vadhato, jeey soochit karate qee shaharikaran jhalelya bhagat sangopanadarmyan varanvar honanya satat, sanchayi aanee/kinwa varanvar honanya samparkamule yaa sanghatanela jababdar dharale jaate. shahari vatavaranashi sambandhit pradushanache ektrit parinam shaharipana aanee schizophrenia vikasit honyacha uchch dhoka yanchyatil duva mhanoon suchavale gele aahet.
sansargjanya karane kinwa samanya tanavachya prabhavasah nishkarshanchya swarupachya aadhare parinamachya vividh sambhavya spashtikaranancha andaj lavala gela aahe. shahari jeevan aanuvanshik pravruttishi parasparsanvad sadhate asey manale jaate aanee vegvegalya parisarat dekhil yadruchchik bhinnata aanee samajik aliptateshi swatantra sambandh asalyache disun yet asalyane, asey prastavit kele gele aahe qee "samajik bhandwal" chey praman (udaa.jee. paraspar vishvas, bandh aanee shejarchi surakshitata) shahari vatavaranat vadhana mulanvar vikasatmak parinam karoo shakatat.
itarankadun nakaratmak drushtikon schizophrenia 'punaravrutti' chaa dhoka vadhavtat, visheshtah shatrutva tasech hukumshahi, ghuskhori aanee/kinwa niyantranatmak manovrutti (sanshodhakanni 'uchch vyakt bhavna' mhanoon sambodhali). jaree kutumbatil sadasya aanee itar lakshaniy lokanna schizophreniasathi jababdar dharale jaat nasale taree-serve pakshanchi manovrutti, vartan aanee parasparsanvad yavar laksh dile jaate; asamarthaneey, nishkriy sambandh dekhil purvanirdharit vyaktinmadhye schizophrenia vikasit honyacha dhoka vadhavanyas hatbhar lavu shakatat. ekhadya vyaktimadhye swatachi bhavna khoop qamee vikasit jhalyamule schizophrenia vikasit honyacha dhoka dekhil vadhu shakato, jyamadhye aekhadyachya seema aaee aanee/kinwa vadilanchya seema yanchyashi gondhaloon jaatat. swatachi aanee swatachi olakh aanee palakanchi olakh yanchyat drudh mansik seema prasthapit kelya pahijet. palakanchya bhoomikela parshvabhoomit dhakalane aanee swatachi nirogi bhavna vikasit karane hii punarpraptichi eka paddhat asoo shakate. schizophrenia asalelyansathi aanee jyanchyasobat tyanche sambandh aahet tyanchyasathi samajik samarthan pranali khoop mahattvachya aahet.
sahakriyatmak parinam.
undaranvaril prayoganni asey purave dile aahet qee schizophrenia dhoka vadhavanyasathi anek tandayak ghatak ekatra kaam karoo shakatat. visheshtah, garbhadharanedarmyan matechya sansargache sanyojan aanee laingik paripakvatachya prarambhi vadhalela taana hii undaramadhye neurocychiatric lakshane vikasit honyachi shakyata lakshaniyaritya vadhavate, tarr yapaiki eka ghatakachi dusya ghatkashivay ghatana hott nahee.
itar drushye.
schizophreniala mansik aajaar mhanatat kaaran tyachi karane purnapane dnyat kinwa samajali jaat naheet. mansopacharatadnya aar. dii. laying, sylvano erity, theodor lidz aanee itaranni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee jyala mansik aajaar mhanatat tyachi lakshane hii samaj aanee visheshtah kautumbik jeevan asurakshit vyaktinvar thevana ashakya magnyanvaril samajanyayogya pratikriya aahet. mansik anubhavanna keval duyyam aanee antarnihit mansik kinwa majjasansthesambandhichya trasanche kadachit arthaheen chinhak mananyaivaji, mansik anubhavanchya "aashay" laa arth lavnyayogya mananyat, laying, erity aanee lidz heey ullekhaneey hote. laying yanni schizophrenia nidan jhalelya lokanchya akra prakarananchya abhyasanche varnan kele aanee assa yuktivad keela qee tyanchya krutee aanee vidhanancha aashay tyanchya kautumbik aanee jeevan sandarbhanchya sandarbhat arthpurn aanee tarkik hota.
1956 madhye, gregory betson aanee tyanche sahkari paul watzlovic, donald jackson aanee jeey halley yanni schizophrenia eka siddhant spasht keela, joou leingchya karyashi sambandhit aahe, joou duheri bandhanachya paristhitinmadhun udbhavato jithe ekhadya vyaktila bhinn kinwa parasparvirodhi sandesh midatat. tyamule vedepana hii yaa dukkhachi abhivyakti hotee aanee tyala eka utkat aanee parivartanshil anubhav mhanoon mahatva dile pahije. schizophrenia andd daad family' aanee 'daad origine andd treatment auph schizophrenic disorder' yaa pustakanmadhye lidz aanee tyache sahkari, palakanchya vartanamule samanyatah mulanmadhye mansik aajaar houu shakato yaa tyanchya vishvasacha ahwal detat. aritichya 'schizophrenia arth lavane' yaa chitrapatala 1975 saalee americet vaidnyanik rashtriy pustak puraskar midala.
sanskraticha parinam mhanoon schizophrenia sankalpana manasshastradnya julien gens yanni tyanchya 1976 chya 'daad origine auph chetana inn daad breakdown auph daad bichemeral mind' yaa pustakat pudhe vikasit kelee aahe; tyanni prastavit kele qee aitihasik kalachya suruvatiparyant, schizophrenia kinwa tatsam sthitee hii manvi chetanechi samanya sthitee hotee. heey 'dvisadaniy manah' chey roop gheil, jithe samanya kamansathi yogya asalelya qamee prabhavachya samanya sthiteet, sankatachya kshani soochana denanya 'rahasyamay aavajanni' vyatyay aanala jaeel, jeey suruvatichya kalat lock devanche hastakshep mhanoon darshavtat. dusarikade, manovaidnyanikishastradnya, manasopacharvishayak nidan swikartat. tathapi, mansik vikaranchya sadhyachya vaidyakeey pratimechya ulat, aadivasi samajatil garib palakatvamule shamananchi shizoid vyaktimatve udbhavtat assa tyancha yuktivad asoo shakato. paul courtz aanee itaransarkhya bhashyakaranni yaa kalpanela manyata dilee aahe qee pramukh dharmik vyaktinni manovikaracha anubhav ghetala; tyanni aavaj aikale aanee bhavyateche bhram pradarshit kele.
aadhunik vaidyakeey manasshastriy sanshodhanane anek prakriya soochit kelya aahet jyaa schizophrenia prakarananna veg deu shakatat. anek sandnyanatmak purvagrah aanee kamatarata olakhalya gelya aahet. yamadhye samajik sanvadatil shreyatmak pakshapat, bahya strotanpasun antargat bhashan vegale karnyat adchan (srot dekhrekh), shrotyachya garjannusar bhashan samayojit karnyat adchan, drushya mahitivar prakriya karnyachya agadi suruvatichya tappyatil adachani (qamee supt pratibandhasah) aanee dhokyanprati laksh kendrit karnara pakshapat yancha samavesh hoto.
yapaiki kahee pravrutti bhavnik tanavakhali kinwa gondhalat takna paristhitit bighadatat kinwa udbhavtat asey disun aale aahe. sambandhit majjasansthesambandhichya nishkarshanpramane, schizophrenia nidan jhalelya serve vyaktinmadhye teey samanya naheet aanee teey schizophrenia babatitach kitee vishisht aahet heey spasht nahee. tathapi, schizophreniamadhil sandnyanatmak kamatarateche nishkarsh vishvasarh aanee kahee sanshodhakanna teey anshatah nidanatmak asoo shakatat assa yuktivad karnyasathi purese susangat aahet.
swatachya aanee itaranchya mansik sthitiche kautuk karanyachi kamkuvat kshamata haah schizophreniatil kamkuvat samajik kshamatecha ekmev sarvottam andaj lavnara asalyache nondavale gele aahe aanee schizophrenia nidan jhalelya lokanchya jawalchya natevaikanmadhye, schizotypal vyaktimatva vikar asalelya lokansah, tatsam sandnyanatmak vaishishtye olakhali gelee aahet.
schizophreniamadhye anek bhavnik ghatak samavisht kele gele aahet, kahee models tyanna vikarachya kendrasthani thevatat. asey manale jaat hote qee andhuk prabhavachya swarupacha arth assa aahe qee tyanna tivra bhavna anubhavalya jaat naheet, tathapi, itar abhyasanni asey soochit kele aahe qee bhavniktechi patali anekada samanya kinwa agadi uchch patali asate, visheshtah nakaratmak ghatananchya kinwa tanavpurn samajik paristhitila pratisad detana. kahee siddhant asey suchavatat qee schizophrenia sakaratmak lakshane nairashyapurn bhavna, qamee aatmasanman aanee asurakshitata, heenata kinwa ektepanachya bhavna yasah nakaratmak bhavnanmule udbhavu shakatat kinwa bighadu shakatat. dirghakalin nakaratmak bhavna aanee ayogya samna karanyachi kaushalye, manosamajik taana aanee lakshanvidnyan yanchyatil kahee sambandh spasht karoo shakatat. itar lakshaniy vyaktinchya (uchch vyakt bhavna) gambhir aanee niyantrit vartanamule bhavnik uttejana vadhate aanee aatmasanman qamee hoto aanee tyanantar asamanya vicharansarkhya sakaratmak lakshananmadhye vaadh hote. jyaa deshanmadhye kinwa sanskratinmadhye skizotipal vyaktimatve kinwa schizophrenia lakshane adhik sweekarli jaatat kinwa maulyavan asatat, teey desh schizophrenia qamee suruvatishi kinwa tyatoon vadhalelya punarpraptishi sambandhit asalyache disun yete.
sambandhit abhyas asey suchavatat qee schizophreniamadhil bhram aanee mansik vishvasanchi samagri arthpurn asoo shakate aanee vyaktichya jivanacha itihas kinwa samajik paristhiti pratibimbit karnyat karanatmak kinwa madhyasth bhoomika bajavu shakate. asamanya samajik-sanskrutik shraddha dharan karane, udaharanarth vanshik parshvabhoomimule, schizophrenia vadhiv nidanashi jodale gele aahe. ekhadya vyaktine tyachya kinwa tichya bhramanancha aanee matibhramancha jyaa prakare arth lavala (udaa.jee. dhokadayak kinwa sambhavya sakaratmak mhanoon) dekhil rugnanmadhye karya aanee punarpraptivar prabhav takte asey aadhalun aale aahe.
schizophreniamadhye swatashi sambandhit asalelya kamachya itar marganni yaa vikarala mansik pruthakkaran kinwa swayam-vikaransarkhya ghatanashastriy drushtikonatun samajalyapramane jagrukta aanee olakhichya asamanya avasthanshi jodale aahe.
mansopacharatadnya team kavyane assa yuktivad keela aahe qee schizophrenia hii bhashesathi davya menduchya golardhatil visheshatesathi aapan dileli utkranti moolya asoo shakate. menducha mendu ujavya golardhat sakriy honyachya mothya patalishi aanee menduchya davya golardhatil nehamichya varchasvatil ghatashi manasavikaracha sambandh asalyane, hii pranali tutalyavar schizophrenia nirman karnyachya kimmatit aaplya bhashechya kshamata vikasit jhalya asateel.
paryayi aushadhanmadhye, kahee vyavsayikancha assa vishvas aahe qee schizophrenia nidanasathi mothya sankhyene sharirik karane aahet. yapaiki kahee spashtikarananmadhye vishvasarhata vadhu shakate, tarr itar (jase qee judd dhatoo vishbadha aanee poshan asantulan) kiman kahee pramanat sanshodhanadvare samarthit kele gele aahet.
utkrantivadi manasshastra.
uchch ekoon varsa, tulanene uchch prasar (~ 1%) aanee qamee prajnan yash yanchya sanyogamule schizophrenia heey utkrantivadi kode manale gele aahe. eka spashtikaran mhanje jawalchya natevaikanni 'lakshananshivay' punarutpadak yash vadhavale jaau shakate parantu heey spashtikaran ashakya disate. tathapi, assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee schizotype vadhavna janukanchi eka chhoti denagi sarjansheelata, shabdik kshamata aanee bhavnik sanvedansheelata yasarkhi vaishishtye vadhavun punarutpadak yash vadhavu shakate.