
mobile vhee. dhadsi vha

mobile vhee. bolden, 446 yuu.ess. 55 (1980), heey eka asey prakaran hote jyamadhye united stateschya sarvoch nyayalayane asey mhatale hote qee keval asman parinam, uddeshpurn bhedbhav nasane, matdanavar parinam karananya vanshik bhedbhavacha dawa sthapit karnyasathi apura aahe.
gomilian vhee. lightfoot' (1960), jyane shaharachya naveen seemanna aavhan dile, jyat tuskegi, alabama yethoon aksharshah serve krishnavarniy matdaranna vagalale gele hote, nyayalayane asey mhatale hote qee krishnavarniyanna matadhikarapasun vanchit thevanare nivadanuk jilhe tayar karane heey pandharavya durustiche ullanghan karate. tyat uddesh aanee parinam yaat 'bhraman' madhye jitka sahaj farak keela gela titka sahajpane farak keela gela nahee.
parshvabhoomi.
1911 madhye rajya vidhimandalane alabama yaa gatishil shaharasathi teen sadasyanche shahar aayogache sarkar lagoo kele. mothya pramanavar nivadoon aalelya sadasyansah, aayogane serve vidhimandal, karyakari aanee prashasakeey adhikarancha vapar keela. sampoorn shaharane pratyek aayuktala matdan kelyamule, pandhya bahusankhyanni samanyatah nivadanukanvar niyantran thewale. tyaa velee african american aanee garib gore yaa doghannahi 1901 chya rajya sanvidhanachya paddhatinmule prabhavipane matadhikarapasun vanchit karnyat aale hote.
1965 chya matdan haqq kayada sammat karoon african american lokanni nondani aanee matdan karnyacha adhikar parat midvalyanantar, shahar aayogasathi tyanchya pasantichya umedvaranchi nivad karnyat asamarth asalyamule tyanna nirutsahit karnyat aale. shaharvyapi nivadanukansathichya aarthik aanee dhoranatmak magnyanmule tyanna sharyatit pravesh karane katheen jhaale aanee pandhya bahusankhyanni pandhya umedvaranna pathimba denyacha cull dakhavala, visheshtah puranmatvadi republican pakshat gele. african american lokanni democratic pakshachya umedvaranna pathimba deela.
1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, mobile, jeey madheel teen tarun nagri haqq vakilanni shaharatil serve krishnavarniy rahivashanchya vatine shahar aanee tinhi aayuktanviruddha varg-karvaicha khatala dakhal keela.yuu. blackshire, larry menafi aanee gregory bii. stein. tyanna birminghamche edward still aanee naacpche kayadeshir bachav vakeel jacq greenberg, james doubleu. yanchyakadun madat midali. nabrit tisra aanee charles eae. williams. tyanchya takrarit aarop karnyat aala aahe qee shaharachya nivadanuk pranaline itar kayadyansah chaudavya aanee pandharavya durustiche aanee 1965 chya matdan haqq kayadyachya kalam 2 chey ullanghan kele aahe. shaharane see.buub. erendall, junier, jyane david aaa laa madat kelee. bagwell aanee ess.aar. shaharachya kayadeshir vibhagacha eka bhag. yuu.ess. jilha nyayadhish virgil pitman yanni shaharatil krishnavarniy rahivashansathi shodh lavala aanee apeal nyayalayane yachee pushti kelee. tyanantar shahar sarkarche swaroop badalanyat aale. (khalee pahaa.)
yaa sarvasamaveshak pranaline chauda kinwa pandhra sudharananche kinwa matdan haqq kayadyache ullanghan kele aahe qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi sarvoch nyayalayane yaa muddyanchi tapasani karnyas sahmati darshavali.
nyayalayache mutt.
nyayalayane ciity auph mobailsathi 6-3 assa nikal deela. aaplya bahusankhyikiy matanusar, nyaymurti karbhari yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee matdan haqq kayadyachi sambandhit bhasha pandharavya durustichya bhasheshi samantar aahe. karbharine pandharavya durustichya davyache vishleshan kele, "apilavar nirvivadpane, jilha nyayalayachya tathyachya nishkarshancha hawala dett, [jeey] heey spasht karate qee nigro nondani karatat aanee 'adthala naan aanata' mobailmadhye matdan karatat aanee aayogachya nivadanukisathi umedvar banoo ichchinanya nigrochya margat konatehi adhikrut adthale naheet."pandharavya durustiche dave fetaltana, tyanni asey mutt vyakt kele qee" jyaa rajyachi bajoo vanshikdrushtya tatasth aahe, tyaa rajyachi krutee keval bhedbhavpurn hetune prerit asel tarach pandharavya durustiche ullanghan karate ", jyasathi jilha nyayalayala konatahi purava sapadala navhata.
nyayalayane tyachpramane chaudavya durustiche dave aanee asey dave shodhanyachya bajoone nyay marshal yanche asahmatiche mutt fetalale, asey mhanat, "asahmatichya matala rajkiy siddhantacha vishay mhanoon jeey kahee apeal asel, teey kayada nahee. chaudavya durustichya samaan sanrakshn khandat rajkiy sanghatanechi anivaryata mhanoon pramanbaddh pratinidhitvachi aavashyakta nahee."nyaymurti blackmoon yanni nikalas sahmati darshavali, parantu jilha nyayalay paryayi upayayojanancha vichar karnyat ayashasvi tharale aahe assa vishvas thevun jilha nyayalayane upcharatmak karvaichya aadeshat aaplya vivekbuddhicha bhang keela aahe asey tyanna vatale. justices stevens yanni mobilechya pranalichya ghatanatmakateshi sambandhit nirnayat sahmati darshavali, parantu tyanchya sahmat matamadhye thode vegale manak lagoo kele.
yaa prakaranane 'gomilian' madheel nyayalayacha purvicha haqq kahisa maryadit keela.
parinam.
sarvoch nyayalayane heey prakaran todga kadhanyasathi khalchya nyayalayat pathvile. yuu.ess. jilha nyayadhish virgil pitman yanni meey 1981 pasoon dusari sunavani ghetali, toparyant yuu.ess. nyay vibhagachya nagri haqq vibhaganehi firyadichya vatine hastakshep keela aanee haat, arendall, bedsol, grieves aanee johnston yaa low firmane shaharache pratinidhitva kele. eka 'smoking gunn' patra sapadale hote aanee teey puravyapramane dakhal karnyat aale hote-jeey bhramandhvani vakeel aanee congress sadasya fredrick jee. yanni lihile hote. 1909 madhye alabama vidhimandalat bromberg yanni krishnavarniyanna padd dharan karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi mothya vyavastheche samarthan kele. yaa pranalimadhye nivadoon aalelya padanmadhye karyakari karye sahajpane vegali kelee jaau shakat naheet heey lakshat gheuun jilha nyayalayane teen eka-sadasya jilhe prastavit kele. yavyatirikt, yaa kalat congressne matdan haqq kayadyachya kalam 2 laa balkat kele aanee sudharanansah "bhedbhavpurn hetu" viruddha pratibandh badaloon sarkari kinwa nivadanuk paddhatinchya mulyankanat vaparasathi "bhedbhavpurn parinam" manak tayar kele.
1985 madhye mobilechya rajya aamdaranni shaharasathi mahapour-parishad swarupache sarkar prastavit kele, jyamadhye eka-sadasya jilhyanmadhun nivadoon yenanya saat sadasyancha samavesh hota, jyat mahapour mothya pramanat nivadala jaanar hota. toparyant, mobile heey alabamamadhil shevatche mothe shahar hote, jyane shaharache aayog swaroop kayam thewale hote. yaa badalala 72 takke rajya matdaranni manyata dilee, jyat purvi vagalalele african american aanee garib goryancha samavesh hota. eka-sadasya jilhyanmadhye jhalelya badalamule umedvaranchya vistrut shrenila sthanik staravar rajkaranat pravesh karata aala. tyaa parishadesathi nivadoon aalele teen african american, punarrachanenantar shahar karyalay dharan karnare pahile krishnavarniy tharale. yaa badalanantar, african american aanee mahilanni bhraman shahar sarkarchya nivadanukit vijay midavala aahe.