
kolee shareer rachnashastra

kolichya sharirshastrat itar arachnids samayik keleli anek vaishishtye samavisht aahet. yaa vaishishtyanmadhye done tagmata (vibhag kinwa vibhag), aath jodalele paay, pankh kinwa antena nasalele, chelisera aanee pedipalpschi upasthiti, sadhe dolhe aanee eka exoskeleton, jeey veloveli galate, asha sharirancha samavesh hoto.
kolee itar araknidpasoon vegale karnare anek rupantar dekhil karatat. serve kolee vividh prakarche resheem tayar karnyas saksham asatat, jyacha vapar anek prajati shikarala fasavanyasathi jaali tayar karnyasathi karatat. bahutek kolimadhye vish asate, jeey chikuchya datanchya madhyamatoon shikaramadhye (kinwa jevha koleela dhoka jaanavato tevha sanrakshanatmakdrushtya) takale jaate. purush kolimadhye vishesh pedipalps asatat jeey samagmadarmyan madila shukranu hastantarit karnyasathi vaparale jaatat. kolichya anek prajati mothya pramanat laingik dvirupata darshavtat.
bahya shareer rachnashastra.
kitkanpramane, kolee tinaivaji fakt done mukhya shareer bhag (tagmata) thevatatah eka fuse kelele doke aanee vaksh (jyala cephalothorax kinwa prosoma mhanatat) aanee eka pooat (jyala opistosoma dekhil mhanatat). yaa niyamala apavad mhanje archaeday kutumbatil ghatak kolee, jyancha cephalothorax haah lamb "maan" dware done bhaganmadhye vibhagalela asato. bahutansh kolee, pooat bahyaritya vibhajit nasate. yala apavad mhanje liffistiday heey eka mool kutumb aahe, jeey heey adhik adim swaroop rakhoon thevate; mhanoon tyanna kadhikadhi vibhajit kolee mhanatat. pooat aanee cephalothorax heey pedicale navachya patal kambarane jodalele asatat. kitkanpramane, kolee tyanchya bahya-asthibandhan vyatirikt endoskeleton dekhil dharan karatat.
cephalothorax.
cephalothorax, jyala prosoma dekhil mhanatat, too done prathamik prushthbhaganni banalela asatoh prushthbhagavaril carapace aanee ventral sternum. dolhyanche, cheliserache aanee tondatil itar bhag, pediplups aanee payansah, kolivaril bahutek bahya upang cephalothoraxla jodalele asatat.
itar arakinidspramanech, kolee tyanche ann chaghalu shakat naheet, mhanoon tyanchya tondatil bhag lahan pinyachya pendhyasarkha aakaracha asato joou teey tyanchya shikarichya dravarup aateel bhag shoshanyasathi vapartat. tathapi, naveen kolee jaalyanchya nirmitisathi aavashyak asalelya prathinancha punarvapar karnyasathi teey swatache resheem khau shakatat. kahee kolee, jase qee davadyache kolee ("argirodes"), itar kolee prajatinche resheem dekhil khatat.
upang.
kolee samanyatah aath chalanare paay (kitakanna sahaa paay asatat) asatat. tyanna antena nasatat; payansamoril upanganchi jodee mhanje pedipalps (kinwa fakt palps) asatat. koliche paay saat bhaganni banalele asatat. sharirachya tokapasoon suru houn, heey koksa, trocanter, feamer, patella, tibia, metatarsus aanee tarsus aahet. tarsuschya tokala panje asatat, jeey sankhya aanee aakaranusar badaltat. jaali firavnanya koliche samanyatah teen panje asatat, madhala eka lahan asato; shikar karananya koliche samanyatah fakt done panje asatat. tyanna antena naslyamule, kolee sugandh, aavaj, compan aanee haveche pravah ghenyasathi tyanchya payanvar vishesh aanee sanvedanshil sete vapartat. austreliyan khekadyachya kolisarkhya kahee koleena panje nasatat.
pedipalpsche fakt sahaa bhag asatatah metatarsus gahal aahe. praudh purushanmadhye, pratyek talapcha tarsus sanyugmasathi vaparlya jaanarya vistrut aanee anekada prajati-vishisht rachana (jyala vividh prakare palpal bulb, palpal avyav kinwa maithun bulb mhanatat) vahoon nenyasathi sudharit keela jaato. mukhajavalil koksa yaa pedipalpsche mool bhag, aaharat madat karnyasathi sudharit kele jaatat aanee jaree teey mandibulate arthropodschya maxillashi samaroop nasale taree tyanna maxila mhanatat. mesothel aanee mygallomorph kolimadhye, maxila fakt kinchit sudharit asatat; eranomorph kolimadhye, agrabhagachi dhaar bahudha katasarkhi asate aanee shikar kapanyasathi vaparali jaate.
dolhe, drushti aanee indriye.
koliche sahasa aath dolhe asatat, kitkanchya sanyugma dolhyanpramane pratyekache anek ekak nasoon ekach drushtikon asato. dolhyanchi vishisht vyavastha hii vividh prajatinche vargikaran karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya vaishishtyanpaiki eka aahe. haploginichya bahutek prajatinna sahaa dolhe asatat, jaree kahinna aath (plectruridae), chaar (udaa.jee., tetrablema) kinwa agadi done (bahutek caponidae). kadhikadhi dolhyanchi eka jodee itaranpeksha adhik vikasit hote, kinwa kahee gumpha prajatinmadhye dolhe ajibat nasatat. udee marnare kolee aanee landga kolee yasarkhya shikar karananya kolichya anek kutumbanchi drushti yogya teey utkrusht asate. udee marananya kolichya dolhyanchi mukhya jodee rangat dekhil disate.
denopis" vanshatil nett-casting kolee yanche prushthbhagache madhyam dolhe mothe pudhe-tond asalelya sanyug lensmadhye mothe asatat. yaa dolhyanna disanyache eka vistrut kshetra aahe aanee teey manjari aanee ghubadanchya dolhyanpeksha adhik karyakshamatene upalabdh prakash gola karnyas saksham aahet. heey asey asale taree qee tyanchyat paravartak thurr (tapetum lucidam) nasla taree; tyaeivaji, pratyek ratri, prakash-sanvedanshil padadyacha eka motha bhag dolhyanmadhye tayar hoto aanee araknid dolhyanna iris naslyamule, too pahate punha vegane nasht hoto.
tathapi, shikarasathi vaat pahana phule, jaali aanee itar nishchit thikani lapoon basalelya bahutek kolee, tyanchi drushti khoopach qamee asate; tyaeivaji tyanchyat kampanambaddal atyant sanvedansheelata asate, jyamule shikar pakadanyat madat hote. compan sanvedanshil kolee panyacha prushthbhag, maatee kinwa tyanchya resheem dhagyansarkhya vividh madhyamanmadhun compan jaanvu shakatat. havechya dabatil badal heey shikarichya shodhat dekhil shodhale jaau shakatat.
pedical.
cephalothorax eka patal lavchik pedikeldware potashi jodala jaato. yamule koleela tyache pooat serve dishanni halavata yete aanee udaharanarth, cephalothorax halavalyashivay resheem firavata yete. hii kambar pratyakshat cephalothoraxcha (janmajat somite) shevatcha bhag (somite) aahe aanee arakidachya itar bahutek sadasyanmadhye haravali aahe (vinchumadhye tee keval garbhanmadhyech aadhalate).
pooat.
otipotala opistosoma asehi mhanatat. potachya ventral bajula pustakachya fuffusanna jhakana done kadak plates asatat. hyanna epigastric plates mhanatat. epigastric farro mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka putt, pustakachya fuffusacha aanee epiginecha bhag potachya adhik mageel bhagapasoon vegala karate. yaa khorachya madhyabhagi andakoshache ughadane (mahilanmadhye) asate aanee donhi tokanvar fuffusanche chhidra asatat. bahutek kolimadhye bahya vibhajan aata disat nahee, parantu tarihi aatoon lakshat yete. pedikelachya mage asalelya pahilya otipotachya bhagat pustakachya fuffusanchya jodiche (kahee prajatinmadhye anupasthit) aanee gonoporeche (jananendriyache ughadane) donhi darvaje asatat. tyanantar pustakachya fuffusanchya dusya jodies (bahutek aadhunik kolee shwasanalikene badalale) eka vibhag yeto. pudhil done vibhaganmadhye firki golandaj asatat. bahutek kolimadhye spinnerts sharirachya mageel tokala sthalantarit jhaale aahet. potache urvarit bhag vegale karane adhik katheen aahe.
spinnerate.
potala eka teey chaar (samanyatah teen) badalalelya firki durbini avyavanchya jodya vagalata konatehi anga nahee, jyanna spinnerate mhanatat, jeey resheem tayar karatat. mulat, kolichya samanya purvajanna chaar jodya spinnerate hotya, jyat dahavya shareer vibhagat done jodya aanee akaravya shareer vibhagat done jodya, potachya ventral bajula madhyabhagi sthit hotya. mesothele upvargamadhye keval done prakarchya resheem granthi aahet-tee purvajanchi sthitee manali jaate. itar serve kolee sharirachya mageel tokakade pudhe firatat jithe teey eka lahan samooh tayar karatat aanee dahavya bhagavaril purv kendriya firki haravatat kinwa qamee hotat (suborder mygalomorphe), kinwa cribellum (suborder erenomorphe) navachya vishesh aanee sapat platemadhye sudharit kele jaatat. cribellum (samanyatah davya aanee ujavya ardhya bhagat vibhagalela) kahee jaad gabha tantubhovati shekado teey hajaro agadi bareek coor resheem tantu (sumare 10 nm jaad) banalela dhaga tayar karato, jeey nantar tyanchya payanchya chauthya jodivar vishesh kesancha (sete) samooh vaparoon lokri sanrachanet kombale jaatat. tyanchya lokri reshimavar sthir vijecha bhaar basalela aahe assa sanshay aahe, jyamule tyache bareek tantu sapadalelya shikarala chikatoon jaatat. ekekali serve eranomorph (aadhunik) kolee eka cribellum hote, parantu aaj teey fakt cribellet kolimadhye rahate (jaree teey kadhikadhi yethehi gahal aahe), jeey jagbharat pasarlele aahet. byavachada, yaa platemadhye resheem tayar karanyachi kshamata nasate aanee nantar tyala colulus mhanatat; eka avyav jyasathi pranishastradnyanni karya olakhale nahee. bahutek prajatinmadhye collulus qamee hoto kinwa anupasthit asato. cribellet kolee heey vishesh shikar pakadanyasathi jaal tayar karnare pahile kolee hote, nantar teey gatanmadhye vikasit jhaale jyanni keval jaali tayar karnyasathi spinnerate vapar keela, tyaeivaji chikat dravachya thembansah (haravaril motyansarkhe) thipke asalelya resheem dhagyancha vapar karoon lahan sandhipad aanee kahee mothya prajati agadi lahan vatvaghale aanee pakshi pakadale. itar kolee jaal ajibat tayar karat naheet, parantu atyant yashasvi udee marananya kolipramanech teey sakriy shikari banale aahet.
antargat shareer rachnashastra.
prasar.
bahutek sandhivatinpramanech kolidekhil eka khulee parisancharan pranali, mhanje.eae., tyanchyakade kharey rakt kinwa teey vahoon nenanya nassa nasatat. tyaeivaji, tyanche shareer haemolymphane bharalele asate, jeey hrudayadvare dhamnyanmadhun tyanchya antargat avyavanchya sabhovatalachya sinus navachya jaganmadhye pump kele jaate. haemolymphmadhe haemocyanin asate, jeey haemoglobinsarkhech karya karnare shwasan prathin aahe. haemocyaninmadhye tambyache done anoo asatat, jeey haemolymphla mand nilya rangane rangavatat.
hriday otipotat prushthbhagachya sharirachya bhintichya madhalya reshet aanee aatadyachya varr thodya antaravar sthit asate. kitkanpramane hriday kakshanmadhye vibhagale jaat nahee, parantu tyat eka sadhee nalee asate. cephalothoraxla haemolymph puravnanya mahadhamanicha vistar hrudayachya agrabhagapasun hoto. lahan dhamanyancha vistar hrudayachya bajunni aanee magchya tokaparyant hoto. eka patal bhinti asaleli pishavi, jyala pericardium mhanatat, tee hridayala purnapane vedhate.
shwas.
ektar pustaki fuffusanvar kinwa shwasanalikanwar aadharit, kolee yanni anek bhinn shwasan shareer rachana vikasit kelya aahet. mesothel aanee mygallomorph kolimadhye raktpeshiyukt bharalelya pustakachya fuffusanchya done jodya asatat, jithe potachya nilay prushthbhagavaril chhidranmule havah aat pravesh karate aanee auxigen aat pasarato aanee carbon dioxide baher pasarato. hypokilidae kutumbasarkhya kahee besal eranomorph kolichya babatitahi asech aahe, parantu yaa gatachya urvarit sadasyanmadhye fakt book fuffusanchi agravarti jodee abadhit asate tarr shvasochavasachya avyavanchya pashch jodimadhye anshatah kinwa purnapane shwasanaliket badal keela jaato, jyadvare auxigen hemolymphmadhye kinwa thet ootee aanee avayavanmadhye pasarato. hii pranali bahudha lahan purvajanmadhye nirjalikaranala virodh karnyasathi vikasit jhaali aahe. shwasanalikela moolatah sarpilanchya jodidware sabhovatalachya parisarashi jodale gele hote, parantu bahutek kolimadhye sarpilanchi hii jodee madhyabhagi ekach jodyat villin jhaali aahe aanee spinnerate jawal mage sthalantarit jhaali aahe.
lahan arenomorph kolimadhye asha prajati aahet jyat pustakachya fuffusanchi agravarti jodee dekhil shwasanaliket vikasit jhaali aahe kinwa fakt qamee jhaali aahe kinwa gahal jhaali aahe. phaar qamee prajatinmadhye pustakachya fuffusanni khol vahinya vikasit kelya aahet, jee shwasanalikemadhye utkrantichi chinhe aahet. olsar aanee aashraysthan asalelya adhivasatil kahee agadi lahan kolee yanna shvasochavasache konatehi avyav nasatat, kaaran tyanchya sharirachya prushthbhagavarun thet vayuchi devanghevan hote. shwasanalikemadhye oxygenchi devanghevan adhik karyaksham asate, jyamule cursarial shikar (vistarit pathpuravyacha samavesh asalela shikar) aanee itar pragat vaishishtye, jase qee lahan hriday asane aanee koradya adhivasat rahanyachi kshamata saksham hote.
pachan.
pachan aantarik aanee bahyaritya kele jaate. kolimadhye shaktishali chelisera nasatat, parantu tyanchya chelisera chhidra karananya nalika maliketoon tyanchya shikaramadhye pachak drav sravit karatat. coxel granthi heey utsarjak avyav aahet jeey prosomamadhye asatat aanee chalana payanchya coxemadhye baheroon ughadatat. mesothele aanee mygallomorphe sarkhya adim kolimadhye, pahilya aanee tisya coxchya mageel bajula coxel granthichya done jodya ughadatat. teey keval aahar ghetana drav sodatat aanee aayan aanee panyachya santulanat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavtat. pachak dravpadarth shikarchya antargat uutinna virghalavatat. mug kolee anshatah pachalele drav baher kadhoon khato. adhik shaktishalipane bandhalele chelisera asalele itar kolee tyanchya shikarichya sampoorn sharirala chikatavtat aanee tulanene qamee pramanat apachaneey padarth mage sodatat. kolee keval drav padarthach khatat. anek kolee tatpurte shikar sathavatat. jyaa jaali vinanare kolee tyanchya vedhalelya shikarichya mrutyuchya sangharshanna shant karnyasathi reshimcha kafan tayar karatat, teey samanyatah tyanna yaa kafnat sodoon detat aanee nantar tyanchya vishrantichya velee tyanna khatat.
prajnan pranali.
jawaljawal serve kolee laingikaritya punarutpadan karatat. teey asamanya aahet kaaran teey shukranunche thet hastantaran karat naheet, udaharanarth shishnadvare. tyaeivaji purush teey pedipulpsvaril vishesh sanrachananmadhye (palpal bulb) hastantarit karatat aanee nantar jodidarachya shodhat bhatakatat. tyanantar yaa talpanna madichya epigainmadhye samavisht kele jaate. yache varnan pahilyanda 1678 madhye martin listerne kele hote. 1843 madhye asey ughad jhaale qee purush eka vaivahik jaale tayar karatat jyamadhye teey viryacha eka themb jamaa karatat, joou nantar pidipalpmadhil maithun upkaranadvare (palpal bulb) ghetala jaato. vividh prajatinchya naranmadhye sambhog upkaranachi rachana lakshaniyaritya badalate. dakshinekadil gharchya kolicha rund palpal tarsus, "kukulkeniya hybernalis" (philistatidae), keval gundallelya andh vahinicha eka sadha kand tayar karato, tarr "argiop" vanshatil sadasyanchi rachana atyant jatil asate.