thomas daad rimer

surr thomas dii ersildon, thomas daad raimer mhanoon adhik changlya prakare lakshat thewale jaate (fl. see. 1220-1298), jyala thomas lermont kinwa kharaa thomas asehi mhanatat, haah scottish laird aanee earlstoncha (tevha 'erceldown' mhanoon olakhala jaanara) simabhagatil eka namankit sandeshta hota. thomaschi bhavishyavanichi denagi tyachya kavyatmak kshamateshi jodaleli aahe.
tristrum aakhyayikechi eka aavrutti asalelya ingraji 'surr tristrum' chey lekhak mhanoon tyanna anekada uddhrut kele jaate aanee robbert manningchya 'chronicle' madheel kahee olee yaa sambandhancha srot asoo shakatat. rimer' heey naav tyache kharey aadnav hote qee keval eka topananav heey spasht nahee.
sahityamadhye, too thomas yaa "elphandchya ranine" pudhe pudhe aanee bhavishyavanichi denagi midvat parat aalelya aanee khote bolanyat asamarth asalelya tukdyabaddalachya kathet nayak mhanoon disato. hii katha paach hastalikhitanmadhil madhyayugeen padya pranayamadhye tasech lokpriy gathagit 'thomas raimer' (balgite kramank 37) madhye tikoon aahe. linken thornton hastalikhitat 'thomas auph erceldown' mhanoon pranay aadhalato.
mool pranay (see. pasoon. 1400) bahudha gathagit sankshipt kele gele hote (ii. 1700), matra yavar asahmatipurn matey aahet. walter scotney gathacha teen bhaganmadhye vistar keela, jyat thomsashy sambandhit bhavishyavanyancha samavesh asalela eka sequel aanee eka upasamhar jodala, jyamadhye thomsla dudhachya dudhachya haart aanee hindchya swarupat, chinh dislyanantar elflandmadhye parat bolavale jaate. thoms daad raymarchya katheche asankhya gadya punarlekhan haatee ghenyat aale aahe aanee parikatha kinwa lokkatha sangrahanmadhye samavisht kele gele aahe; yamadhye anekada parikathechya bhagakade parat yene samavisht asate jeey scotney sthanik aakhyayikepasun shikalyache nondavale aahe.
aitihasik vyaktimatva.
surr thomas yancha janm 13 vya shatkat kadhikadhi erceldown (jyala 'ersildown' asehi mhatale jaate-sadhya earlston), berwickshire yethe jhaala hota aanee anek bhavishyasuchak shlokanche lekhak mhanoon tyanchi pratishtha aahe. tyachya aayushyatil kahee nishchit goshti phaar qamee dnyat aahet, parantu 1260-80 aanee 1294 madheel done sanade tyacha ullekh karatat, nantarche 'thomas dii ersildonson mulga aanee thomas remore dii ersildoncha varasdar' yacha sandarbh detat.
thomas khote bolu shakat navhata mhanoon too 'kharaa thomas' mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla. lokpriy aakhyayika sangate qee tyane scotlandchya itihasatil anek mahan ghatananche bhakit kase kele, jyat scotlandchya alekzandar tisra yachya mrutyucha samavesh aahe.
thomascha lokpriy sanman tyachya mrutyunantar shatkanushatke tikala, aanee visheshtah scotlandmadhye, merlins serve pratispardhi sandeshtyanchya pratishthela mage takale, jyanna 16 vya shatkatil 'daad compliant auph scotland' chya patrikechya lekhakane bhavishyavanicha (eka rajachya khalee ekata) lekhak mhanoon ninda kelee, jyacha vapar ingrajanni aaplya deshbandhvanviruddha aakramanache samarthan mhanoon keela. mudrit kelelya bhavishyavanyanchya sangrahat disalyapramane, banavat bhavishyavanyanche (kinwa purvichya bhavishyavanyanche punarlekhan) shrey thomas yanna dene samanya jhaale, sarvat aadhi vachalele pustak 'daad hole professi auph scotland, ingland ii.' heey hote."(1603).
thomas yanna shrey dilelya bhavishyavanya.
thomaschya bhavishyavanyanche varnan aanee vyakhya purvichya vividh scottish itihaskaranni dilya hotya, jaree tyapaiki konihi thet thomaskadoon uddhrut kelele navhate.
lokpriy lokkatha bhavishyavani.
walter scott sthanik lokpriy paramparetil prasanchya bhavishyavanichya bhavneshi parichit hota aanee tyane tyapaiki anek prakashit kele. nantar robbert chambersney thomsashy sambandhit atirikt sankalit kavita bhavishyavanya 'lokpriy kavita' (1826) madhye chhapalya.
radnare dagad shaap detatah
gabha.
thomaschya aakhyayikevaril gathela (roud 219) 1883 madhye francis james childney 'thomas daad raimer' mhanoon balgite soochibaddha kelee hotee. mulane teen aavrutya prakashit kelya, jyanchi tyane aaa, buub aanee see asey label lavale, parantu nantar 1892 madhye prakashit jhalelya tyachya gathanchya sankalanachya khand 4 madhye aanakhi done prakar jodale. kahee vidwan hyancha ullekh 'childrains dii' aanee 'eae' aavrutya mhanoon karatat. aavrutti aaa, jee shrimati braunche pathan aahe aanee see, jee walter scotchi punarnirmiti aahe, tyanna ektritpane see dware tapkiri gut mhanoon vargikrut kele gele.eae. nelson, tarr buub, dii, eae yaa aavrutya serve nelsonne eka mool prakarache vanshaj manale aahet, jyane sumare 1700 madhye pranayala pranayala swarupat qamee kele aanee 'greenwood gut' mhanoon vargikrut kele. (gitsangrahatil srot pahaa).
mulane tyachya mool prakashanatil aaa, buub, see aavruttyanchi tulana kartana eka gambhir saransh pradan keela aanee dii, eae aavruttyanche vichar khalee jodale gele aahet.
aahet saransh.
yaa gathachi sankshipt ruparesha ashee aahe qee thomas baher erceldonechya parisarat eka jhadajaval utaravar padalela asatana, elflandchi ranee tyala ghodyavar swar hotana disate aanee tyala door yenyasathi ishara dete. jevha too sammati deto, tevha tee tyala teen chamatkar dakhavateh swargakade jaanara marg, narkakade jaanara marg aanee tichya swatachya jagacha marg (jyache teey anusaran karatat). saat varshannantar, thomas punha nashwar kshetrat parat yeto. raniche smaran karnyasathi eka chinh magtana, tyala vinashastra kinwa itar bhavishyavaniche adhikar denyacha paryay deela jaato aanee yapaiki too dusra nivadato.
elph-queenshee thomascha samna honyache drushya 'shikari kinara' aanee 'ealdon vruksh' (aavrutti buub, see aanee eae) kinwa 'farnali' (aavrutti daad) heey serve earlstonchya aaspaschya ealdon tekadyanchya kshetracha sandarbh detatah shikari kinara dongravar utaar hota aanee vruksh tethech ubha hota, scotney spasht kelyapramaneh emily bii. lile tithehi 'farnali' chey sthanikikaran karoo shakali.
ranee gavatal-hiravya resheem aanee makhmali aavaranacha scurt ghalate aanee ektar ektar ghodyavar (gathagit aaa) kinwa dapple-rakhadi ghodyavar (buub, dii, eae aanee aar (pranay)) basavali jaate. ghodyachya pratyek 'tett' varr nauu aanee pannas ghanta asatat (ingraji scots. "matt kelelya kesanche kuloop') tyachya manvar 'aaa' madhye, tyachya manvar 'eae' madhye nauu aanee lagamanchya donhi bajunna 'aar' madhye teen ghanta tanglya gelya, tarr tichya hatat 'dii' madhye nauu ghanta hotya, jee tyachya harping aanee karpingsathi (sangeet aanee kathakathana) bakshis mhanoon deu karnyat aalee.
thomas chukun teela 'swargachi ranee' mhanoon sambodhato (i.eae. kumari merrie), jee tee swatahla 'phair elfandchi ranee' mhanoon olakhoon sudharate (aaa, see). itar prakaranmadhye, tee swatahla agadi madhyayugeen pranayapramanech keval 'eka anokhya bhoomichi stree' (buub) kinwa 'stree samalingi' (eae) mhanoon guptapane olakhate. parantu ranichya adnyat bhoomikade swarg kinwa narak ityadinkade naan naan margane pohochate., adhik aadhunik paribhashet sangayache tarr tee 'parikatha' asalyache gruheet dharale jaau shakate.
see aanee eae madhye, ranee thomsla tichya othanche chumban ghenyache aavhan dete, joou aii aanee bii madhye abhav asalelya pranayatil thomaschya aalinganacha eka apbhransh aahe, jaree too eka thos kathankasathi mahattvapoorn asala taree, kaaran mulachya matey, "parishi sampark sadhane teela tichya priyakarala door nenyachi shakti dete". yaa gathanmadhye raniche saundarya haravanyachi sankalpana dekhil aahe (ghrunaspad strichi rachana): mulane asey manale qee 'gathadekhil tyavina white nahee aanee pranay khoop changla jhaala asata', jaree teey prabhavi asale taree, kaaran teey tyachya matey 'yogya aanee mool katheshi' sambandhit navhate, jee tyala ojiyar daad dayne aanee morgan leey phay yasarkhi blith katha vatali. jarr tyane tichyasobat jaanyache tharavale tarr thomsla ishara deela jaato qee too saat varshe (aaa, buub, dii, eae) parat yeu shakanar nahee. pranayamadhye ranicha ishara 'fakt baaraa mahinyansathi' asato, parantu too teen (kinwa saat) varshanpeksha jaast kaal tikato.
mug tee tichya dudhachya dudhachya ghodyabhovati chakkar lavte aanee thomsla mage (aaa, see) swar karoo dete kinwa too dhavto tevha tee dapple-graver swar hote (buub, eae). tyane eka naditoon (buub, see, eae) gudgha tekoon chalayala havah, jee raktacha vistar (kadachit "raktachi nadee") mhanoon atishayokti kelee gelee aahe. teey eka "baget hirvegar" hotat aanee thomsla tyachi bhook qamee karnyasathi eka phal todayache asate, parantu ranee tyala adavate aanee tyala shaap deela jaeel kinwa tyala shaap deela jaeel (aaa, buub, dii, eae) assa ishara dete. buub madheel bhasha suchavate qee heey "nishiddha zadache phal" aahe aanee dii, eae prakar tyala safarchand mhanatat. ranee thomaschi bhook bhagavanyasathi tyala ann puravate.
ranee aata thomsla gudghyavar (aaa, buub, qa) vishranti ghenyasathi doke thevanyas sangate aanee tyala teen chamatkar ('ferralies three') dakhavate, jeey narkakade jaanyacha marg, swargakade jaanyacha marg aanee tichya matrubhumikade jaanyacha marg (aaa madhye elfland asey naav) aahet. liline bharalelya kuran kinwa launchya palikadecha rasta swargakade jaato, see madhye vagalata jithe disate teey fasavate aanee lilly rasta narkakade jaato, tarr kateri rasta swargakade jaato.
ranee thomsla elflandmadhye itaranshi bolu naye aanee teela serve goshti karoo dyavyat ashee soochana dete. shevati, tyala "summ kapad aanee makhmali hiravya rangachya butanchi jodee" (aaa) kinwa "jeebh jee kadhihi khote bolu shakat nahee" (buub) kinwa donhi (qa) bhet mhanoon midatat. aavrutti eae madhye ranichya bhiticha adviteey ullekh aahe qee thomaschi nivad 'narkakade valane' mhanoon kelee jaau shakate, mhanje manavanchya swarupat qee elflandla veloveli paise dyave lagatat. pranayamadhye, ranee spasht karate qee 'narkasathi shulk' gola karane jawal yet aahe aanee tyaa dhokyapasun tyala vachavanyasathi thomsla pruthvivar parat pathvane aavashyak aahe. (pudhil sahityik vishleshanasathi § sahityik teeka pahaa.)
gabhadeche srot.
hii gatha pratham walter scott (1803) aanee nantar robbert jamieson (1806) yanni chhapali hotee. doghannihi shrimati braun yanche hastalikhit antarnihit srot mhanoon vaparale. child aaa chey pratinidhitva shrimati braunchya ms aanee jamiesonchya prakashit aavruttidvare kele jaate (shabdanmadhye fakt kinchit farak aahe). child see heey shrimati braun aanee dusari aavrutti yanche mishran aahe. kharey tarr, 20 paiki 13 olee aaa sarkhyach aahet aanee jaree scotcha dawa aahe qee tyachi aavrutti 'ersildenpasoon phaar door barvikshayarmadhye mahilekadoon midavalelya pratee' pasoon aahe, parantu shrimati braunchya mscha vapar karoon durust kelee gelee, nelsonne saat vegvegalya padanna asey label lavale aahe qee jeey 'bahutek bhagasathi scotcha swatacha, gothick-romantic shodh' aahe.
child bii' heey campbelle hastalikhitanchya ms khandatoon ghetale gele aahe, jyache shirshak 'old scottish songs, collection inn daad counties auph barwik, roxberg, selkirk andd peables' aahe, jeey see. aii. pasoonche aahe. 1830. walter scotla tyachya prakashanapurvi leiden pratilekh kinwa child "dii" puravale gele hote aanee tyane see aavruttichya tyachya rachnevar kahee pramanat prabhav padala. shrimati christiana greenwood kinwa child 'eae' yanni lihilela majkoor 1806 chya meey mahinyat 'minstrelsy' madheel tyanchi see aavrutti vachalyanantar scotlandla pathvanyat aala hota aanee nelson yanni 'atharavya shatkachya suruvatipasun madhyaparyantcha majkoor' mhanoon tyacha ullekh keela hota. yaa done aavrutya scotkade puravilya gelya aanee tyaa abotsford yetheel tyanchya kagadpatranpaiki eka hotya.
shrimati braunchi geete.
shrimati braun, jyanna annah gorden kinwa shrimati braun auph fockland (1747-1810) asehi mhanatat, jeey scott aanee jamieson yaa doghanchehi srot hote, tyanni sangitale qee tyanni lahanpanapasun tyanna gatana aikale hote. tee tichi mavashi shrimati farcuhesson yanchyakadun sumare teen dozen gathancha sangrah gaane shikali hotee. shrimati braun yancha putanya robbert eden scotney sangitache pratilekhan kele aanee heey hastalikhit scott aanee itaransathi upalabdh hote. tathapi, vegvegale vruttant dile gele aahet, jase qee "eka vruddha dasee-sevak jee dirghkal paricharika mhanoon shrimati braun yanna shikavat hotee."
walter scotche teen bhaganche gathagit.
minstrelsy' madhye, walter scotney thomaschya bhavishyavanyanmadhun gathecha dusra bhag prakashit keela, aanee tarihi thomaschya elfandmadhye parat yenyache varnan karnara tisra bhag prakashit keela. tisra bhag tyaa aakhyayikevar aadharit hota, jyashi scotney parichit asalyacha dawa keela hota, asey mhanat qee "thomas ersidonchya ersidonchya tyachya mitransobat anand karat asatana", ashee batami aalee qee "eka haart aanee hind"... gavatil rastyavar firayala jaat hota."heey aikoon, thomas uthala aanee nighun gela, punha kadhihi naan disanara, tyane eka lokpriy vishvas sodala qee too parikathevar gela hota parantu" "eka divas pruthvivar punha bhet denyachi apeksha hotee". heey kadachit eka jiwant sthanik vyaktiche vikrut chitran asave, yaa robbert chamberschya sanshayacha murre ullekh karato aanee thomaschya bepatta honyache tyache swatache qamee aashcharyakarak paramparik vrutt deto, kaaran tyala teey eka mahitipatukadun midale hote.
walter scotchya gathechya gathechya bhagat', thomas eka minstrail spardhet parikathetil 'elphin harp tyane jinkla' asey swatakade aadhalato. heey paramparik gathapatra aanee madhyayugeen pranay yaa donhinpasoon vegale aahe, jyamadhye ranee thomas yanna 'harp kinwa carp' mhanje sangitachya bhetavastupaiki kinwa bhashanachya bhetavastupaiki eka nivadanyas sangate. haart andd hind' aata 'fairnalivar barfasarkha pandhara' mhanoon gayala jaat aahe (varr charcha kelyapramane, layalane farnali yogyaritya olakhali aahe). kahee gadya punarlekhnanmadhye yaa thomaschya bhagatoon vyutpann kahee vaishishtyancha samavesh aahe (§ punarlekhan pahaa).
dunken williamson.
paramparik gayak dunken williamson, eka scottish pravasi, jyane tyache kutumb aanee sahkari pravashankadun tyachi ganee shikali, tyachyakade tyachyakade paramparik aavrutti hotee jee tyane anek prasangi gayali hotee. eka dhwanimudran (aanee ganyachi charcha) duheri chais sanketsthalavar tobberver aikoo yete.
madhyayugeen pranay.
jiwant asalela madhyayugeen pranay haah eka dirgh vruttant aahe joou gathechya majkurashi sahmat aahe.
pranay pahilya vyaktimadhye vyaktimadhye sthalantarit hone) ughadato, parantu kadachit too kharokhar thomasche swatache kaam nahee. murre yanni yaa lekhakache naav "1400 nantar thodyach kalat, kinwa thomaschya mrutyunantar sumare shambhar varshanni" asey tharavale, parantu alikadil sanshodhakanni 14 vya shatkachya (uttaradhat) tarikh aadhi nishchit kelee. pranay anekada 'katha' kadey nirdesh karato, janoo kahee purvicha eka punarukti jhaala asel aanee mulala asey vatale qee 'junie katha', jarr ashee konatihi gosht pratyakshat astitvat asel tarr 'tee thomaschi krutee asavi.
see yaa gathepramane, huntley banks heey teey thikan aahe jithe thomsney elphin lady pahili hotee. yaa gathepramane 'eldon, eldon vruksh' (konte, aay, 80,84) yacha dekhil ullekh aahe. thomas tichyakade aakarshit hoto, teela swargachi ranee mhanoon sambodhato aanee tee uttar dete qee tee itaki unch nahee, parantu tee parikathechi asalyache sanket dete. thomas teela prastav deto, parantu tee tyala ishara dete qee agadi thodesehi paap tiche saundarya purvavat karel. thomas nirlajj aahe, mhanoon tee 'maane auph molled' (i.eae. pruthvicha manushya; nashwar purush) (i, 117) tichyashi lagn karnyas aanee tichyabarobar jaanyas sammati deto.
"saat vela too kinchali vajavato", (i, 124), parantu tyachyasobat padlyanantar lagechach tee eka bhayanak hagmadhye rupantarit hote aanee jaheer karate qee tyala baaraa mahinyansathi ("twellmoneth", "zij mones" vv.152,159) "medil-earth" (i, 160) disanar nahee. yaa gathepramane, stree tichya adhipatyachya pravasadarmyan (ca.200-220) swargakade aanee narkakade eka marg dakhavate. tyaa mahilechya pathopath greyhounds aanee 'ratches' (mhanje.eae. sugandh kutre) (249-50). aagmananantar, thomsla jevan aanee nrutya karoon manoranjan kele jaate, parantu nantar tee mahila tyala nighun jayala sangate. thomas yanna, tyacha mukkam keval teen divas tikato asey disate, parantu tee mahila tyala sangate qee teen varshe ('teen varshe'), kinwa saat varshe ('seven'), gelee aahet (284-6 hastalikhite badaltat), aanee tyala punha elidonchya zadavar aanale jaate.
fayate II heey mukhytah bhavishyavanyanna samarpit aahe. udghatanat, thomas raniche smaran karnyasathi eka chinh magto aanee tee tyala veena kinwa sandeshta (harp kinwa karpe) bananyacha paryay dete. vadya' bhetvastuaivaji, thomas 'gayan (tyaeivaji' maukhik ') kamgirichi nivad karato."thomas teela thoda vel rahnyas sangato aanee tyala kahee" "vichitra goshti" "(chamatkar) sanganyas sangato". tee aata hallidon tekadi, bannockburn ii. yetheel bhavishyatil ladhayambaddal sangu lagate.jeey sahaj olakhata yenyajoge aitihasik sambandh aahet. (heey murrene tyachya parichayat namood kele aahe.)
ladhayanchya bhavishyavani thomaschya fatteparyant chaloo rahatat, parantu bhasha pratikatmak banate. akheris thomas tyala dunberchya (3,660) kalya anganni tyala qaa turungat takale heey vicharato aanee tee tichya mrutyucha andaj lavte. black agnesscha haah ullekh eka kalbahya aahe, erceldownche thomas jeey tichya aadhi eka sampoorn pidhi jagale hote aanee bahudha tee morchachya aadhichya countesshee gondhalaleli hotee.
hastalikhit srot.
madhyayugeen pranay paach hastalikhitanmadhye purn kinwa tukadyanmadhye tikoon aahe, jyapaiki sarvat juna robbert thorntonne sankalit kelela linken codex aaheh
heey serve grunth jeey dware samantar sampadit kele gele. aaa. etch. daad romans andd professies auph thomas auph erceldown' (1875) madhye murre.
kapus ms. incipit propheshiya thomas arceldon" aanee "spasht bhavishyasuchak thomas dii arceldone" dete, asha prakare hii aavrutti hotee jee walter scotney parishisht mhanoon uddhrut kelee hotee. sloane ms. ms fightchi suruvat ashee hoteh "hair beginethe they ijad fight aay seey/auph ess" iir "thom" aus "auph arceldon" aanee thornton ms. 700 vya olinnantar 'erceldownche spasht thomas' dete.
pranay aanee gathagit prakaranmadhil sambandh.
pranay 14 vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun 15 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyantcha aahe (khalee pahaa), tarr upalabdh gathalekh grunth see. aii. chey purvanirdharan karat naheet. 1700-1750 lavkarat lavkar. kahee lokancha assa vishvas aahe qee pranayane tulanene usheera tarkhes (tyanchya vidyaman swarupat) gathanna janm deela, parantu heey mutt nirvivad nahee.
walter scotney sangitale qee pranay haah "nihsanshay mool" hota, aanee gathachya aavrutya "maukhik paramparenusar badalansah" bhrasht jhalya hotya. samkalin aavruttidvare aadhunikikaran mhanoon gatheche varnan karat, maukhik sankramanacha haah nishkarsh murre spashtapane fetalun lavto. khajgiritya, scotla aadhunik utpadanavar dekhil sanshay hota."
see. eae. nelsonne eka samaan mool prakarasathi (jyatoon serve gathagit vyutpann hotat) yuktivad keela, joou 1700 chya sumaras barvikshayarmadhye barvikshayarmadhye "puratan vanachya sakshar vyaktine" rachala hota. nelson eka vyavharik gruhitkapasoon suruvat karato qee, "[shrimati] greenwood [chya aavrutticha] phaar durcha purvaj nasalela" mool shailicha gathalekh "hetupurnaritya pranayramya prasangapasun qamee keela gela hota". jyaa goshtine tyancha yuktivad patvoon deela too mhanje tyanche nirikshan qee pranay pratyakshat "sataravya shatkachya uttaradhat chhapala gela" (1652 chee chhapai astitvat hotee, punha prakashit kelee gelee), hii vastusthiti anek bhashyakaranni visarali aanee murrechya "prakashit grunth" vibhagat lakshat aalee nahee.
barvikshayarmadhye mool shailiche sthanikikaran swabhavik aahe kaaran harit lakadachya gathancha samooh (jeey pranayala jawalun anusaratat) yaa bhagatil aahe aanee heey paramparik nayak, erceldownchya thomasche mool thikan hote. tyachi tapasani kelyanantar, nelsonne ghoshit kele qee tyache gruhitak puravyandvare nyayya hote, 'atharavya shatkatil mool aanee tyanantarchya' thomas raimer 'chya paramparechya bajoone nirnay ghetala, joou nishkarsh keval greenwood gatala lagoo hott nahee tarr tapkiri gatalahi lagoo hoto. yaa drushtikonanantar 1971 chaa catherine merrie brigscha lokkatha shabdakosh aanee david fouler yancha samavesh aahe.
ulatpakshi, mulala vatale qee jaree tyala upalabdh asalele sarvat june gaane keval see. aii. paryantche asale taree, teey "barech june asave". 1700-1750. eae. buub. thomas daad rayamarvar mothya pramanavar prakashit kelelya lilene, heey gruhitak sadar kele aahe qee heey gathagit ekekali agadi suruvatichya swarupat astitvat hote jyavar pranayache mool tyache srot mhanoon aadharit hote. hya drushtikonacha eka samarthak helen cooper aahe, joou mhanato qee yaa gathecha madhyayugeen utpattivar sarvat majboot dawa aahe; dusra richard firth green aahe, jyane tyachya yaa yuktisathi bhakkam purava deela aahe qee, 'satat tondi prasaran heey ekmev vishvasarh spashtikaran aahe', heey dakhavun qee madhyayugeen pranayatil eka tapasheel, joou sataravya shatkatil chhapitun vagalanyat aala aahe, too greenwood aavruttit jatan keela aahe.
sahityik teeka.
pranayamadhye, ranee ghoshit karate qee thomas teen varshe rahila aahe parantu yapudhe rahoo shakat nahee, kaaran "narkatil dusht lock (parikatha) lokanmadhye yeteel aanee tyachi phii ghetil" (kontyachya majkuratoon aadhunikikrut, vv.289-290). heey "shulk" mhanje darr satvya varshi eka kinwa adhik vyaktincha saitanala balee deuun parinni narkala "qaan" dile yaa samanya shraddhecha sandarbh aahe."(tind haah shabd pratyakshat thomas daad raymarchya greenwood prakarat vaparla jaatoh" ilka saven ear, thomas/aamhi narkat jaanyasathi aamchi kalpana deto "... mallah bheeti vatate, thomas, teey swatach hoil.) hii paristhiti 'tama lyne' chya shirshak patrala sadar kelyapramanech aahe, jee parikathanchya ranichya sahvasat aahe, parantu too mhanato qee tyala narkala dilela dashansh (kinwa qeena) mhanoon sodoon dile jaeel ashee bheeti vatate. samanya sankalpana 'f.257' prakar mhanoon olakhali gelee aahe, 'nirdisht kalavadhit parikadoon devane ghetaleli shraddhanjali', heey vagalata qee taam linane swatache bachav karane aavashyak aahe, tarr remerchya babatit, 'parikathanchi dayalu ranee erceldownchya thomsla yaa dhokyachya samparkat yeu denar nahee aanee dusht tyachya vatyasathi yenyachya aadalya divashi tyala pruthvivar parat aanel. jeey. aar. aar. tolkien eka passing vinodi tippanimadhye praskarachya katheshi sambandhit mhanoon 'saitanachya dashmansh' kadey dekhil nirdesh karato
prabhav.
asey suchavale gele aahe qee johnn keatschee kavita 'laa bele dame sance mercy' hii thomas daad raymarchya aakhyayikevarun rachana aanee rachana ghete.
washington irvingla, walter scotla bhet detana, thomas daad raymarchi aakhyayika sangitali gelee aanee tee irvingchya 'riip vanne winkle' yaa laghukathecha eka srot bunley.
anukulan.
punaravrutti.
yaa gatheche kinwa aakhyayikeche anek gadya punarlekhan jhaale aahe.
johnn tillotsonchi aavrutti (1863) 'tyane elflandmadhye jinkaleli jaaduchi veena' aanee elizabeth doubleu. parikathetil veena' saha grersonchi aavrutti (1906) hii kahee udaharane aahet jyat scottchya thomaschya thomaschya bhagatil sankalpana samavisht aahe, jee shaharat eka haart aanee hind pahilyanantar parat elflandmadhye gayab hote.
barbara cair willsonchi 'thomas daad rimer' chee punha sangitaleli katha hii thomaschya sabhovtali nirman jhalelya serve paramparanchi eka rachana aahe, jyat likhit aanee lokpriy asha donhi prakarchya gatha aanee bhavishyavanyancha samavesh aahe.
pudhilpramane punarlekhananchi atirikt, apoorn yadeeh

