changlya vartanache bandh

austreliyan kayadeshir vyavasthet, changle vartan bandhpatra haah eka prakarcha gair-kothadi shiksha aahe jyamadhye eka nishchit kalavadhisathi gunhegaranchya "changlya vartanachi" aut samavisht asate. changlya vartanachya" sthitisathi pramukhyane gunhegarane kayadyache palan karane aavashyak aahe, parantu tyat atirikt pariviksha adhikari dekhrekh, anivarya vaidyakeey upchar kinwa punarvasan, samupadeshan aanee hastakshep karyakramanmadhye sahbhag dekhil samavisht asoo shakato. yaa ladalelya atty rajya kayadyadvare aanee aanee vivekbuddhinusar tharvalya jaatat. gunhyasathi nondavalelya kayadeshir shikshesah kinwa tyashivay eka changla vartanukicha bandh sthapit keela jaau shakato. pratyek austreliyan rajya kinwa pradeshachya kayadyantargat, changlya vartanukiche bandhan asalelya vishisht atty, tasech tyanche ullanghan karnyache parinam badaltat, parantu sarvasadharanpane prathamach aanee alpavayin gunhegaransathi tyancha vapar keela jaato.
austreliyan rajye aanee pradeshanmadhye amalbajavani.
nyu south wells.
gunhe (shiksha prakriya) kayada 1999 (aine. ess. doubleu.)' nyu south velsmadhye changlya vartanukichya bandhanchya aavashyakta nirdisht karato. kalam 101 (1) (aaa) heey 'changlya vartanachi manyata' ladanyacha nyayalayancha adhikar nasht jhalyache ghoshit karate. 30 november 1999 chya adhikrut hancered nondivarun heey spasht hote qee, 'bandhpatra' aanee 'manyata' yaa donhi sandnya aahet, jyat 'parivikshadhin gunhegarala sodane' samavisht aahe, asha prakare kalam 101 chaa paribhashatmak vapar spasht karnyacha hetu aahe. gunhe" (shiksha prakriya) "kayada" asey sangato qee kalam 9 antargat eka changla vartanukicha bandhpatra jaree vaidh paryay asala taree turungvasachi jaaga gheto, parantu 5 varshanchya mudatipeksha jaast asoo shakat nahee. kalam 10 madhye gunhyachi "vistarak paristhiti", tasech prayojakateche mahatva vicharat ghetale aahe aanee itar konatyahi prakarchi shiksha aprabhavi tharel heey tharvalyavar tyacha vapar keela jaato. kalam 12 2 varshanpeksha qamee karavasachi shiksha jhalelya gunhegarasathi changlya vartanache bandhpatra ladanyas margadarshan karate. changlya vartanachya bandhanache palan karnyachya gunhegaranchya ativar shiksha nilambit kelee jaate.
ranichi bhoomi.
queenslandmadhye, changlya vartanukichya bandhansathi sambandhit kayada mhanje "dand aanee shiksha kayada 1992 (kyu. ell. dii.)". kalam 19 (1) (buub) madhye asey mhatale aahe qee, "nyayalay gunhegarala sodanyacha aadesh deu shakate...asha atinvar qee gunhegar changla vagla pahije aanee asha kalavadhit konatyahi velee bolavale tarr doshasiddhi aanee shikshesathi hajar rahila pahije. changlya vartanache bandhpatra kayadyachya vibhag 3 madhye dekhil samavisht kele aahe, jeey 'olakh' madhye pravesh kelyavar sodanyat aalelya gunhegaranchya karyapaddhatincha tapasheel dete. yaa vibhagantargat, kalam 30 (1) (aaa), 31 aanee 32 (1) (buub) madhye, jevha doshi vyakti "hamidaransah kinwa tyashivay, manyatet pravesh karate" tevha 1 varsh kinwa tyahoon qamee kalavadhisathi changlya vartanachya antarnihit sthitiche varnan kele aahe.
victoriya.
kalam 71 madheel 'samanya kayada bandhpatra' radd kelyanantar, victorian nyayalaye tyaeivaji 'saja kayada 1991 (wick)' dware 'sthagit upkram' chaa sandarbh detat. changlya vartanukichya bandhpatranchi sankalpana kalam 72 madhye pratibimbit hote, jeey nyayalayala doshi gunhegarasathi jastit jaast 5 varshanchya kalavadhisathi karyavahi vilambit karanyachi parvanagi dete. dandatmak karvai radd karoonahi, asha prakare changlya vartanukichya bandhanchi sankalpana kayam thevat, gunhegarane "sthagan kalavadhit changle vartan karane" aavashyak aahe. sthagiti dilelya vachanbaddhatechya kalavadhit, gunhegarala tyanchya doctoranchya kinwa upchar vyavsayikanchya sallyanusar vaidyakeey upchar dekhil karave lagoo shakatat. nyayalay doctoranchya patrachya taratudidvare kinwa upasthitichya itar puravyachya madhyamatoon anupalanacha purava magoo shakate. yavyatirikt, victorian rajya kayadyanusar, jevha nyayalayane tarun gunhegaravar ("mool") changle vartan bandhpatra ladale aahe, tevha asey mhatale jaate qee jarr bandhpatrachya serve atty nirdharit kalavadhit kayam rakhalya gelya asateel tarr mulacha aarop fetalala jaane aavashyak aahe.
uttarekadil pradesh.
uttarekadil nyayalaye 'saja kayada 1995 (aine. tii.)' varr avalambun asatat, joou kalam 124 madheel samanya kayadyachya bandhpatranchya raddabatalatetil victorian kayadyala samantar aahe. tathapi, kalam 11 (1) (bii) asey sangate qee ekada doshi siddha jhalyavar, gunhegarala changlya vartanachya attis aupcharik shiksheshivay sodata yete. yaa "changlya vartanachya" sthitiche varnan bhag 10 chya kalam 115 (2) (aaa) madhye dekhil kele aahe, jyadvare prashasak (mukut pratinidhicha sandarbh dett) gunhegarala sodanyasathi "dayecha visheshadhikar" vaparu shakato. tyamule, bandhpatranche soochit nishkasana asoonahi, vyavharat 'shiksha kayada' ajunahi ajunahi sashart sutkevar gunhegaranna tyanchya vartanasathi jababdar dharanyachi kshamata deto.
dakshin austreliya.
dakshin austreliyache dandadhikari changle vartan bandhpatra ladtana 'saja kayada 2017 (sa)' chaa sandarbh detat. kalam 72 (1) (buub) aanee 82 (1) (aaa) madhye niyamit najarkaidet thevanyasathi aanee sakhol durusti aadeshansathi eka samanya aut mhanoon changle vartan ladale jaate. tyanantar 'changlya vartanukichya bandh' yaa sankalpaneche varnan visheshtah kalam 97 madhye kele aahe, jeey 'bahirgaman' chey varnan karate...changlya vartanashi nigadit bandhanat pravesh karnyavar prativadi."upakalam (3) madhye eka atirikt aut spasht kelee aahe, jyamadhye spashtapane gunhegaraviruddha" "naveen khatala" "chalavanyas manai aahe, joparyant tyanni bandhpatrachya aavashyaktanviruddha karvai kelee nahee". dakshin austreliyachya kayadeshir seva aayogane spasht kele aahe qee changle vartan 'swatantra dand' mhanoon tasech gunhegarala nilambit turungvasachi shiksha mhanoon lagoo kele jaau shakate.
paschim austreliya.
paschim austreliyamadhye, 'saja kayada 1995 (doubleu. aii.)' changlya vartanukichya bandhasathi gunhyachya aavashyak paristhiticha tapasheel dete. victoria aanee uttarekadil pradesh yaa donhi kayadyanpramanech, kayadyachya kalam 12 madhye gunhegaranna "bandhpatrat pravesh karanyachi" aavashyakta radd kelyache mhatale aahe...samanya kayadyanusar changle vartan karane kinwa shantata rakhane. kalam 49 (1) nyayalayala "konatyahi aavashyakta ladanyas saksham karate, tarr" sashart muktata aadesh "(kra) chya aavashyaktancha tapasheel bhag 7 madhye deela aahe...gunhegaranche changle vartan surakshit thevanyasathi nirnay ghene aavashyak aahe. tathapi, kalam 66 (3) madhye 'samuday aadharit aadesh' (see. bii. oo.) chya varnanasah heey pratibandhit aahe, kaaran upakalam 3 (bii.) madhye asey mhatale aahe qee konatyahi samuday seva kinwa karyakram paryayansamor nyayalayachya ladalelya aavashyaktancha vichar keela jaau naye.
tasmania.
changlya vartanache bandh yogya aahet qee nahee heey tharvatana tasmaniyatil nyayalaye "shiksha kayada 1997" uddhrut karatat. nyayalayanni chalavalelya samanya shiksha adhikaranchya varnanat, bhag 2 chya kalam 7 (eff) antargat, kayadyat asey mhatale aahe qee gunhegarala doshi tharavale jaau shakate kinwa nahee tharavale jaau shakate. konatyahi prakaranat, nyayalay 60 mahinyanparyant karyavahi tehkoob karnyacha paryay nivadu shakate. victorian kayadyat namood kelyapramane, aparadhine "vachan dene" karoon changlya vartanache bandh tayar kele jaatat. sutka jhalelya gunhegarasathi, kalam 59 (buub) 7 (eff) madhye varnan kelelya vachanbaddhatechya atinche spashtikaran dete, jyamadhye asey mhatale aahe qee, "sthagitichya kalavadhit gunhegarane changle vartan kele pahije". tasmanian rajya sarkarchya akhtyarit akhtyarit shiksha sallagar parishadene heey dekhil spasht kele aahe qee changlya vartanachi vyakhya 'manyata' haah prakar mhanoon kelee jaate. austreliyan sankhyiki vibhagachya kakshet 'changlya vartanukichya bandh' chey vargikaran heey donhi prakarchya manyateche swaroop dharan karate.
austreliyachi rajdhani.
austreliyan rajdhanichya pradeshat changlya vartanukiche bandhpatra ladanyas lagoo honara kayada mhanje "gunhe (shiksha) kayada 2005". itar rajye aanee pradeshanchya kayadyanchya tulanet haah kayada changlya vartanukichya bandhpatrachya aavashyaktanche sarvat mahattvapoorn spashtikaran pradan karato. changlya vartanache aadesh" mhanoon sandarbhit sampoorn 6 vya adhyayat, haah kayada samudayik seva (bhag 6.1) aanee punarvasan aadesh (bhag 6.2) yaa sandarbhat changlya vartanache bandh ladtana vegvegalya atty aanee vishisht nyayalayin nyayalayin paribhashit karato. changlya vartanachya aadeshanchi vyakhya 'gair-snrakshak vakyanchya' bhag 3.3 shreni antargat dekhil kelee jaate, jethe kalam 13 (3) spasht karate qee aadeshat eka kinwa adhik vishisht atty asoo shakatat (udaa.jee. samudayik seva, punarvasan kinwa aarthik nuksan bharpai).
sambandhit kayada sudharana sadar karane aanee mudde.
austreliyan institute auph criminology (aii. aay. see.) chya sanshodhanatun asey soochit hote qee, teey punaravruttiche darr qamee karnyat yogdan deu shakate, tasech gunhegarasathi adhik jababdarisah piditanche samadhan vadhavu shakate, tyamule changlya vartanukichya bandhancha kayadeshir vapar sakaratmak manla jaau shakato. tathapi, changlya vartanukichya bandhanchya sambhavya samasyanchya sandarbhat kayada sudharana sadar karnyat aalya aahet.
austreliyachya sansadene redfern kayadeshir kendrakadun (aar. ell. see.) sthanik austreliyan gunhegaranchya atee-polisibabatchya suchananche aikale jyanna gair-snrakshak shiksha denyat aalee hotee (i.eae. changlya vartanache bandh). nyu south velsachya sanshayit lakshya vyavasthapan yojnesarkhya (ess. tii. emm. pii.) yaa vyaktinna lakshya prayatna dhorananvar aar. ell. see. neey kirkol aanee mothya gunhyanmadhye farak karnyat apayash aalyabaddal teeka kelee hotee. aar. ell. see. neey assa dawa keela qee yamule anyaykarak vaganuk aanee punha ullanghan kinwa changlya vartanachya bandhanchya ullanghanachi shakyata vadhate.
shikshechya sadhyachya paryayanvar (kalam 19) vichar karat asatana, austreliyan kayada sudharana aayogane (aii. ell. aar. see.) durgam sthanik austreliyan samudayatil tarun gunhegaransathi changlya vartanukichya bandhanchi amalbajavani karnyachya prakriyevar dekhil chintan kele. 19.69 varr oo. ess. baal kayadeshir seva (oo. see. ell. ess.) sadar kelyane asey suchavale gele qee nyayalayanni changlya vartanukiche bandh lihoon detana gunhegaranchya velebaddalchya vegvegalya dharana vicharat ghetalya pahijet. oo. see. ell. neey dawa keela qee dilela dand sadhya karnyayogya asava aanee tyache varnan kalantarane kele pahije (udaa.jee. shalechya atty) jyaa gunhegar sahaj olakhoo shakato.
sambandhit aakadevari.
mulanchya nyayalayanmadhye gair-kothadi shiksha darr.
tyanchya 2017-18 vishleshanat, austreliyan beuro auph statisticsla (aii. bii. ess.) asey aadhalale qee austreliyan rajye aanee pradeshanmadhil mulanchya nyayalayanmadhye "itar gair-snrakshak aadesh" haah sarvat samanya prakarcha shiksha prakar hota. yaa shrenichi vyakhya changlya vartanache bandhpatra aanee manyata aadesh samavisht karnyasathi karnyat aalee hotee, jyaantargat doshi siddha jhalelya 53 takke (11,782) prativadinna tyanchi shiksha midali.
prayogik kautumbik aanee gharguti hinsa (eff. dii. vhee.) aakadevari.
aii. bii. ess. chya 2017-18 mukhya nishkarshanvarun asehi ughad jhaale qee kautumbik aanee gharguti hinsachar kelyabaddal doshi aadhalalelya vyaktinsathi gair-snrakshak aadesh (changlya vartanukichya bandhansah) haah sarvat samanya prakarcha shiksha prakar hota. aakadevarivarun asey disun aale aahe qee 72 takke (2,115) nyayalayanni sudharatmak kothadi, samudayik karya aanee aarthik aadesh (mhanje.eae. dand kinwa itar aarthik nuksan bharpai). austreliyan rajye aanee pradeshanmadhye apavad mhanje uttarekadil pradesh hota, jithe dandadhikari aanee baal nyayalaye 'sudharatmak sansthetil kothadi' sathichya shikshevar sarvadhik avalambun asat.
changlya vartanukichya bandhancha aitihasik vapar.
austreliyan institute auph criminologyne (aii. aay. see.) 2013 chya ahavalachya prakashanachya tarkhepurvi austreliyan nyayalayanmadhye changlya vartanukichya bandhpatranchya ladanyachya darambabat aakadevari pradan kelee. aii. aay. see. laa asey aadhalale qee 2011 madhye andaje ekoon 77,940 vyaktinna changlya vartanukichya bandhpatrachya nyayalayinamkhalee thevanyat aale hote, jeey austreliyatil praudh nyayalayanmadhil ekoon shikshechya 15 takke asalelya "purnapane nilambit shikshechya" sankhyes jodoon hote.
bandhanchi lambi aanee punaravrutti darr yanchyatil parasparsambandh.
tyanchya ahavalachya nishkarshandware, "bandhpatra, nilambit shiksha aanee punha ullanghanah aadeshachi lambi mahattvachi aahe qaa?, aii. aay. see. neey assa dawa keela qee jyanna dirgh kalavadhiche changle vartan bandh denyat aale hote asha gunhegaransathi" punha aparadh karnyacha tatkal dhoka [jaast] hota ". haah nishkarsh kadhanyasathi vaparleli mahitee gunhegari sankhyiki aanee sanshodhan vibhagachya punha ullanghan prayatna detabasemadhun ghetali gelee hotee, jyane 1994 pasoon austreliyan nyayalayanmadhye aapali mahitee midavali aahe. tathapi, aii. aay. see. neey asehi mhatale aahe qee pratyakshat, naveen faujdari gunha nondavanyapurvi vadhiv mudtishi sambandhit dirgh bandhpatra. visheshtah, nyu south velsachya sthanik nyayalayat done varshanchya kalavadhit (2006-2008) doshi tharavalelya gunhegaranchya aii. aay. see. chya vishleshanatun asey disun aale qee 0 teey 23 mahinyanchya bandhpatrachya kalavadhimule "pahila naveen gunha" hoiparyant sarasari 737.4 divas jhaale. darmyan, 24 mahinyanpeksha jaast kalavadhiche changle vartanook bandh heey doshi tharavalelya vyaktine punha doshi tharnyachya kahee divas aadhichya 782.9 chya sarasari dirgh mudtishi sambandhit hote.
rajya nyayalayanmadhye sashart sutakecha cull.
aine. ess. doubleu. beuro auph crime statistics andd researchne (bii. oo. see. aar.) prakashit kelelya gunhe aanee nyay bulletinchya august 2016 chya ankat aine. ess. doubleu. sthanik nyayalayanmadhye changlya vartanukichya bandhpatrachya shikshechya kalanchi tapasani kelee gelee. mukhya davyane, 8.4% vadhisah (15.2% teey 23.6%) changlya vartanukichya bandhpatrancha (kalam 10 (1) (bii) antargat) cull adhik samanya hott asalyache olakhale, kaaran "nyayalay gunhegaravar ladoo ladoo sarvat qamee kathor dandanpaiki eka" aahe. 2004 teey 2015 yaa kalat jyaa gunhyansathi bandhpatra ladanyat aale hote, tyapaiki kahee gunhe mhanoon boxerne hallah, avaidh madak padarthancha vapar aanee vahtook gunhe heey olakhale. yaa pravruttimagil karane "aspasht" asalyache manya karnyat aale. tathapi, boksarne mhatale qee hii vaadh itar paryayi shikshechya paryayanshi sambandhit asalelya aarthik samasyanna pratisad denyacha prayatna prayatna austreliyan kayadeshir vyavasthemule houu shakate (mhanje.eae. aarthik dand).

