
manak miilii

manak emm. ell. (ess. emm. ell.) hii eka samanya-uddesh, modular, karyatmak programming bhasha aahe jyat sankalan-vel prakar tapasani aanee prakar nishkarsh aahe. heey sankalak lekhak aanee programming bhasha sanshodhkanmadhye tasech pramey preverschya vikasat lokpriy aahe.
manak ml hii mlchi eka aadhunik boolii aahe, jee sanganakeey karyansathi (ell. see. eff.) pramey-siddha prakalpasathi tarkshastrat vaparali jaanari bhasha aahe. mothya pramanavar vaparlya jaananya bhashanmadhye heey vaishishtyapurn aahe kaaran tyat aupcharik tapasheel aahe, jeey 'manak emm. ell. chya vyakhyemadhye' tankan niyam aanee karyatmak shabdarth mhanoon dile aahe.
bhasha.
manak emm. ell. hii kahee ashuddha vaishishtyansah eka karyatmak programming bhasha aahe. manak emm. ell. madhye lihilelya karyakramanmadhye vidhane kinwa aadeshanchya viruddha abhivyakti asatat, jaree prakar ekkachya kahee abhivyaktinche moolyankan keval tyanchya dushparinamansathi kele jaate.
karye.
serve karyatmak bhashanpramanech, manak emm. ell. chey eka pramukh vaishishtya mhanje karya, jeey amurtatesathi vaparale jaate. factorial function khalilpramane vyakt kele jaau shakateh
majedar gunank n = 
 jarr n = 0 asel tarr 1 itar n * factorial (n-1)
andaj prakar.
ess. emm. ell. sankalkane vaparkartyane puravalelya prakarchya annotationshivay sthir prakaracha andaj lavane aavashyak aahe. heey keval purnank abhivyaktisathi vaparale jaate aanee mhanunach teey swatach eka purnank asane aavashyak aahe aanee serve antim abhivyakti purnank abhivyakti aahet.
ghoshanatmak vyakhya.
samaan karya clausel karya vyakhyansah vyakt kele jaau shakate jethe "jarr"-"tarr"-"anyatha" sashart vishisht mulyansathi moolyankan kelelya factorial karyachya namunyanni badalale jaateh
majedar ghatak 0 = 1
 . factorial n = n * factorial (n-1)
anivarya vyakhya.
kinwa punaravruttih
majedar factorial n = valle i = ref n aanee AC = ref 1 inn
 tarr!i> 0 qaraa (akah =!aii. see. *!i; i: =!aay-1);!aii. see.
shevat
lambda karye.
kinwa lambda karya mhanoonah
valle reek factorial = fn0 => 1 . n => n * factorial (n-1)
yethe, mukhya shabd ekhadya moolyashi olakhakartyache bandhan parichay karoon deto, eka anamik karya parichay karoon deto aanee vyakhya swa-sandarbhatmak asanyachi parvanagi deto.
sthanik vyakhya.
yethe pahilyapramane, aparivartaniy-mukt bahya karyamadhye eka kinwa adhik sanchayak mapdandansah aparivartaniy-sanrakshit shepati-punaravartit ghatt loopche aavaran, manak milimadhil eka samanya vakprachar aahe.
sthanik karya vaparoon, teey adhik karyaksham shepati-punaravrutti shailit punarlikhit kele jaau shakateh
sthanik
 majedar loop (0, aii. see.) = aii. see.
 . loop (m, ac) = loop (m-1, m * ac)
madhye
 majedar factorial aine = loop (aine, 1)
shevat
samanarthi shabdancha prakar.
eka prakarcha samanarthi shabd mukhya shabdasah paribhashit keela jaato. yethe samatalavaril bindunsathi eka prakarcha samanarthi shabd aahe aanee bagalechya sutranusar dilelya kopyansah done bindunmadhil antar aanee trikonache kshetrafal mojanyachi karye aahet. (yaa vyakhya pudhil udaharananmadhye vaparlya jaatil).
prakar lock = vastavik * vastavik
majedar varg (x: vastavik) = x * x
majedar dist (x, y) (x ', y') =
 ganeet.chauras (x '-x) + chauras (y'-y))
majedar bagula (aaa, buub, see) = chala
 valle x = dist aii bii
 valle vaay = dist bii see
 valle zed = dist aii see
 valle ess = (x + y + z)/2
 madhye
 ganeet.ess. kyu. aar. tii. (ess * (ess-ex) * (ess-vaay) * (ess-zed))
 shevat
bijganitiy deta prakar.
pramanit emm. ell. bijganitiy deta prakaransathi (aii. dii. tii.) majboot aadhar pradan karate. deta prakar haah tupplescha (kinwa "utpadananchi berries") eka vichchhedit sanyog manla jaau shakato. teey paribhashit karane sope aahe aanee vaparnyas sope aahe, mukhyatve pattern julani tasech bahutek manak emm. ell. amalbajavanichya pattern-sampoornata tapasani aanee pattern atirek tapasanimule.
object-oriented programming bhashanmadhye, eka visangati sangh varg shreni mhanoon vyakt keela jaau shakato. tathapi, varg shrenikramanchya ulat, jahirati bund asatat. asha prakare jahiratinchi vistarakta hii varg shrenikramanchya vistaryatesathi orthogonal aahe. samaan interfacechi amalbajavani karananya naveen upvargansah varg shreni vistarli jaau shakate, tarr nishchit sanrachakanchya sanchasathi jahiratinchi karyakshamta vadhavali jaau shakate. abhivyakti samasya pahaa.
deta prakar haah mukhya shabdasah paribhashit keela jaato, jase keeh
deta prakar aakar
 = sthananche vartul * vastavik (* madhya aanee trijya *)
 . sthanikancha varg * vastavik (* varchya-davya kopyatil aanee bajuchi lambi; aksh-sanrekhit *)
 . sthan * sthan * sthan (* kopare *) chaa trikon
lakshat ghya qee prakar samanarthi shabd punaravrutti asoo shakat nahee; punaravrutti constructor paribhashit karnyasathi deta prakar aavashyak aahet. (yaa udaharanat haah muddah nahee.)
namuna julani.
jyaa kramane teey paribhashit kele jaatat tyaa kramane namune julavun ghetale jaatat. see programmer tagg kelelya unioncha vapar karoon tagg mulyanvar pathvu shakatat, jeey emm. ell. deta prakar aanee namuna julanisah sadhya karate. tathapi, yogya tapasanisah sajavalela see program, eka arthane, sambandhit emm. ell. programaitakach majboot asel, parantu tyaa tapasani aavashyaktene gatishil asateel; emm. ell. chya sthir tapasani sankalan velee karyakramachya achukatebaddal majboot hummy detat.
karya yuktivadanchi vyakhya khalilpramane namune mhanoon kelee jaau shakateh
majedar kshetra (vartul (_, r)) = ganeet.paee * chauras aar
 . kshetrafal (varg (_, s)) = varg s
 . kshetrafal (trikon pii) = bagale pii (* varr pahaa *)
karya vyakhyeche tathakathit "clausel form", jethe yuktivadanchi vyakhya namune mhanoon kelee jaate, teey cases expressionsathi keval vakyarachana sakhar aaheh
majedar kshetracha aakar = kesacha aakar
 vartul (_, r) => ganeet.paee * chauras aar
 . varg (_, s) => varg s
 . trikon pii => bakshisa pii
sampoorn tapasani.
namuna-paripoornata tapasani heey sunishchit karel qee deta prakaracha pratyek nirmata kiman eka namunyane julala aahe. 
khaleel namuna sampoorn naheeh
majedar kendra (vartul (see, _)) = see
 . kendra (varg (x, y), s)) = (x + s/2, y + s/2)
karyamadhye kesasathi konatahi namuna nahee. sankalak eka ishara deil qee prakaran abhivyakti sampoorn nahee aanee jarr a heey runtimever yaa karyat pathvile gele tarr teey vadhavale jaeel.
anavashyak tapasani.
khaleel (arthaheen) karyachya dusya khandatil namuna anavashyak aaheh
majedar f (vartul (x, y), r)) = x + y
 . f (vartul _) = 1
 . f _ = 0.0
dusya kalmatil namunyashi julanare konatehi moolya dekhil pahilya khandatil namunyashi julel, tyamule dusra khand pohochata yenar nahee. tyamule, hii vyakhya sampurnatah anavashyakta darshavate aanee sankalan-velecha ishara dete.
khaleel karya vyakhya sampoorn aahe aanee anavashyak naheeh
valle hascorner = fn (vartul _) => chukiche . _ => kharey
jarr niyantran pahilya namunyachya () palikade gele, tarr aaplyala mahit aahe qee aakar ektar aaa kinwa aaa asava. yapaiki konatyahi eka prakaranat, aaplyala mahit aahe qee aakarala kopare aahet, mhanoon aapan vastavik aakar naan olakhata parat yeu shakato.
uchch-kram karye.
functions functionscha vapar argument mhanoon karoo shakatatah
majedar nakasha f (x, y) = (f x, f y)
functions hii functions paratava moolye mhanoon tayar karoo shakatatah
majedar sthirank k = (fn _ => k)
karye hii donhi karye upbhogu aanee nirman karoo shakatatah
majedar rachana (f, g) = (fn x => f (g x))
besis librarymadhil karya heey manak milimadhye sarvat samanyatah vaparlya jaanarya uchch-kram karyanpaiki eka aaheh
majedar nakasha _ [] = []
 . nakasha f (x:: xs) = f x:: nakasha f xs
paath punaravartit karoon adhik karyaksham amalbajavanih
majedar nakasha f = yadee.yadee.fold (fn (x, ac) => fx:: ac) []
apavad.
apavad heey mukhya shabdasah ubhe kele jaatat aanee pattern julananya rachnesah hatalale jaatat. apavad pranali bigger-sthanik nirgaman lagoo karoo shakate; heey optimization tantra khalilpramane karyansathi yogya aahe.
sthanik
 apavad shoonya;
 valle pii = fn (0, _) => shoonya vadhva . (aaa, buub) => aaa * buub
madhye
 majedar utpad xs = yadee.fold pii 1 xs hatalate shoonya => 0
shevat
jevha varr uchalale jaate, tevha niyantran karya purnapane sodoon dete. paryayacha vichar karah 0 heey moolya parat kele jaeel, teey yaditil pudhil purnankane gunale jaeel, parinami moolya (apariharyapane 0) parat kele jaeel, aanee asech pudhe. apavad vadhavalyane niyantran framechya sampoorn sakhalivar jaau shakate aanee sambandhit ganana talhata yete. wildcard namuna mhanoon underscore () chaa vapar lakshat ghya.
tech optimization tail koldware prapt kele jaau shakate.
sthanik
 majedar pii aii (0:: _) = 0
 . p a (x:: xs) = p (a * x) xs
 . pii aii [] = aii
madhye
 valle product = pii 1
shevat
module pranali.
manak emm. ell. chee pragat module pranali programna tarkikdrushtya sambandhit prakar aanee moolya vyakhyanchya shrenibaddhapane sanghatit "sanrachananmadhye" vighatit karanyachi parvanagi dete. modules keval namespace niyantranach navhe tarr amurtata dekhil pradan karatat, yaa arthane qee teey amoort deta prakaranchi vyakhya karnyas anumati detat. teen mukhya vakyarachana sanrachananmadhye module pranalicha samavesh hotoh swakshya, sanrachana aanee karye.
swakshya.
swakshari' haah eka interfaces aahe, joou samanyatah sanrachanesathi eka prakar mhanoon manla jaato; too sanrachanedvare pradan kelelya serve ghatakanchi nave tasech pratyek prakarchya ghatakachi yogyata, pratyek moolya ghatakacha prakar aanee pratyek up-sanrachanechi swakshari nirdisht karato. prakar ghatakanchya vyakhya aichchhik aahet; jyaa prakarchya ghatakanchya vyakhya lapalelya aahet tyaa "amoort prakar" aahet.
udaharanarth, ranget sahee ashee asoo shakateh
swaksharichi rang = sig
 eka rang' assa type qaraa
 apavad rang truti;
 valle rikamih 'eka rang
 valle icempti 'eka rang-> bool
 valle singletonh 'aaa->' eka rang
 yaditil moolyah 'eka yadee->' eka rang
 valle incert 'aaa *' eka rang-> 'eka rang
 valle peekah 'eka rang->' aaa
 valle kadhoon takah 'eka rang->' eka * 'eka rang
shevat
hii swakshari bahuroopi prakar pradan karananya moduleche aanee ranganvaril moolbhut karye paribhashit karananya mulyanche varnan karate.
sanrachana.
rachana" heey eka module aahe; tyat prakar, apavad, moolye aanee sanrachanancha (jyala "uparachana" mhanatat) sangrah asato, jeey tarkik ekkamadhye ektritpane pack kelele asate.
ranganchi rachana khalilpramane lagoo kelee jaau shakateh
rachana twolistkyuh> rang = rachana
 eka rang =' eka yadee * 'ashee yadee type qaraa
 apavad rang truti;
 valle rikame = ([], [])
 majedar khalee ([], []) = kharey
 . isempty _ = chukiche
 majedar singleton aii = ([], [aii])
 yaditil majaa aaa = ([], aaa)
 majedar incert (aaa, ([], [])) = singleton aaa
 . incert (aaa, (inns, aaoot)) = (ahh inns, aaoot)
 majedar dokavoon pahaa (_, []) = ranget truti vadhva
 . dokavoon pahaa (inn, out) = yadee.etch. dii. out
 majedar kadhoon taaka (_, []) = ranget truti vadhva
 . kadhoon taaka (inns, [aaa]) = (aaa, ([], yadee.rev inns))
 . kadhoon taaka (inn, aha out) = (aaa, (inn, out))
shevat
hii vyakhya tee amalbajavani ghoshit karate. yavyatirikt, swaksharimadhye paribhashit naan kelele konatehi prakar (i.eae. ) amoort asayala havey, mhanje yadichi jodee mhanoon ranganchi vyakhya modulechya baher disat nahee. rachana swaksharitil serve vyakhya amalat aanate.
sanrachanetil prakar aanee moolye 'bindu sanketan' dware midavata yetatah
valle kyuh string twolistcue.rang = twolistcue.rikami
value q '= twolistcue.samavisht qaraa (vastavik.ganitala sparsh.paee, kyu)
functor.
functor' heey sanrachananpasun sanrachananparyantche karya aahe; mhanje, functor eka kinwa adhik yuktivad swikarato, jeey sahasa dilelya swaksharichya sanrachana asatat aanee parinami rachana tayar karatat. samanya deta sanrachana aanee algoridam amalat aananyasathi functorcha vapar keela jaato.
zadanchya rundi-pratham shodhasathi eka lokpriy algoridam rangancha vapar karato. yethe aapan tyaa algoridamchi eka aavrutti sadar karato jee amoort ranganchya sanrachanevar parameters keleli aaheh
functor bfs (q: rang) = rachana
 aaa trii' haah deta prakar = eae . aaa' chaa tii * eka zaad * eka zaad
 sthanik
 majedar bfsq q = jarr q asel tarr.icempty q nantar [] anyatha shodha (q.q kadhoon taaka)
 aanee shodha (eae, kyu) = bii. eff. ess. kyu.
 . shodh (tii (ex, ell, aar), kyu) = exah bfsq (incert (incert ql) aar)
 aanee q a = q ghala.samavisht qaraa (aaa, kyu)
 madhye
 majedar bfs t = bfsq (q.singleton tii)
 shevat
shevat
sanrachana qbfs = bfs (twolistcue)
aat, rangeche pratinidhitva disat nahee. adhik thospane, done-yadichya ranget pahili yadee nivadanyacha konatahi marg nahee, jarr teey kharokhar pratinidhitva vaparale jaat asel. hii mahitee amurtata yantrana rundichya amalbajavanisathi rundi-pratham shodh kharokhar adnyeyavadi banavate. heey sarvasadharanpane isht aahe; yaa prakaranat, ranganchi rachana konatyahi tarkik aparivartaniy goshti surakshitpane rakhu shakate jyavar tyachi shuddhata amurtatechya bulletproof bhintimage avalambun asate.
code udaharane.
ess. emm. ell. kodache snippets parasparsanvadi uchch-staravar pravisht karoon tyancha sarvat sahajpane abhyas keela jaato.
namaskar vishva.
pudhil eka namaskar aahe, jug! karyakramah
algoridam.
antarbhut prakar.
(chadhatya) sathee antarbhuti kramvari khalilpramane sankshiptapane vyakt kelee jaau shakateh
majedar incert (x, []) = [x] . samavisht qaraa (x, h:: t) = kramvarit x (h, t)
aanee x (h, t) = jarr x <h asel tarr [x, h] @t anyatha h:: ghala (x, t)
valle insertionsourt = yadee.foldel samavisht qaraa []
vilinikaran.
yethe, abhijat mergesourt algoridam teen karyanmadhye amalat aanala jaatoh vibhajan, merge aanee mergesourt. vakyarachana vagalata aanee jyaa soochi darshavtat tyaa prakaranchya anupasthitichi dekhil nond ghya. joparyant susangat kramvari karya paribhashit kele jaate toparyant haah code konatyahi prakarchya yadya kramvari lavel. hindley-milner prakaracha nishkarsh vaparoon, serve chalanche prakar, agadi karyasarkhe klisht prakar dekhil, yacha andaj lavala jaau shakato.
vibhagani
 inputkade durlaksh karoon, aanee darmyan paryayi asalelya sthitipurn bandisah amalbajavani kelee jaateh
majedar ulternator {} = valle sthitee = riif satya asoo dya
 eff. aine. aii. => madhye!sthitipurviche vidhanah = nahee (!rajya) shevat
(* yadee jawalchya bhaganmadhye vibhaga, jyachi lambi ektar samaan asel,
 * kinwa pahilya ghatkamadhye dusya ghatakapeksha eka ghatak adhik asel.
 * oo (aine) velet chalate, jethe aine = .ex. ess...
majedar vibhajan xs = yadee.vibhajan (ulternator {}) xs
villin qaraa
merge karyakshamatesathi sthanik karya loop vaparte. aateel sthitichi vyakhya asha prakarananchya sandarbhat kelee jaateh jevha donhi yadya rikamya nasatat () aanee jevha eka yadee rikami asate ().
heey karya done kramvari lavalelya yadya eka kramvari lavalelya yadeet villin karate. sanchayak mage kase bandhale jaate, parat karnyapurvi teey kase ulatale jaate yachee nond ghya. heey eka samanya tantra aahe, kaaran teey jodaleli yadee mhanoon darshavile jaate; yaa tantrasathi ghadyalasathi adhik vel lagato, parantu lakshanrahitata adhik white nasate.
(* see. emm. pii. kram vaparoon done kramvarit soochi villin qaraa.
 * purvah pratyek yadee aadhich prati see. emm. pii. sathee magavali gelee pahije.
 * oo (aine) velet chalate, jethe aine = .ex. ess.. + .vaay. ess...
majedar see. emm. pii. (xs, []) = xs
 . see. emm. pii. (xs, y:: ys) = villin qaraa
 majedar loop (aaa, aii. see.) (xs, []) = yadee.punha samavisht qaraa (ahh aii. see., ex. ess.)
 . loop (aaa, aii. see.) (xs, y:: ys) =
 jarr see. emm. pii. (aii, vaay)
 tyanantar loop (y, a:: ac) (ys, xs)
 anyatha loop (aaa, vayah essie) (xs, vias)
 madhye
 loop (y, []) (ys, xs)
 shevat
vilinikaran
mukhya karyah
majedar aii. pii. eff. (ex, vaay) = (eff. ex., eff. vaay.)
(* dilelya aurder operation see. emm. pii. nusar yadee kramvarit qaraa.
 * oo (aine logg aine) velet chalate, jethe aine = .ex. ess...
majedar vilinikaran see. emm. pii. [] = []
 . mergesourt cmp [x] = [x]
 . mergesourt cmp xs = (merge cmp o ap (mergesourt cmp) o split) xs
drutagatine.
drutagati khalilpramane vyakt kelee jaau shakate. eka bund karane jeey aurder operatorcha vapar karate.
infix 
majedar drutagatine (aup ") = chala
 majedar bhag pii = yadee.vibhajan (fn x => x "p)
 majedar prakar [] = []
 . kramvari lavane (peeh xs) = pii (bhag pii xs) madhye sameel vha
 aanee p (l, r) = sort l @p:: sort r laa joda.
 madhye
 kramvari lavane
 shevat
abhivyakti dubhashiya.
eka lahan abhivyakti bhasha jyachya madatine paribhashit aanee prakriya kelee jaau shakate tyaa sapeksh sulbhatechi nond ghyah
apavad tyre;
deta prakar tye = intty . bully
majedar ektrikaran (inty, inty) = inty
 . ektrikaran (bully, bully) = bully
 . ektrikaran (_, _) = tyre vadhva
deta prakar exp
 = kharey
 . khote
 . int auph int
 . exposure nahee
 . exp * exp joda
 . jarr exp * exp * exp
majedar anuman kharey = murkhapana
 . khote samaja = murkhapana
 . anuman (int _) = intty
 . anuman (eae nahee) = (thampane eae-boolty; boolty)
 . anuman (joda (aaa, buub)) = (intticha dawa qaraa; bii intticha dawa qaraa; intty)
 . anuman (jarr (eae, tii, eff)) = (eae booliticha dawa qaraa; ektrikaran qaraa (tii, eff))
aanee eae. tii. = ektrikaran (eae., tii. chaa andaj) assa dawa qaraa
majedar moolyankan kharey = kharey
 . moolyankan chukiche = chukiche
 . eae. ell. (int aine) = int aine
 . eae. ell. (eae nahee) = jarr eae. ell. eae. = kharey asel tarr khote anyatha kharey
 . (int x, int y) => int (x + y) chey (cases (evail a, evail b)) =
 . eae. ell. (jarr (eae, tii, eff)) = eae. ell. (jarr eae. ell. eae. = kharey asel tarr tii anyatha eff)
majedar dhavane eae = (anuman eae; kahee (eae. ell. eae)) tyre => kahihi nahee
changlya-type kelelya aanee chukichya-type kelelya abhivyaktivar udaharan vaparah
kahee valle (int 3) = runn (joda (int 1, int 2)) (* changle-type kelele *)
valle noow = runn (jarr (nahee (int 1), kharey, khote)) (* chukiche-type kelele *)
aniyantrit-achookata purnank.
module aniyantrit-achookata purnank ankganit pradan karate. shivay, purnank akshare hii programmerla kahihi naan karata aniyantrit-achookata purnank mhanoon vaparali jaau shakatat.
khaleel karyakram eka aniyantrit-achookata factorial karya amalat aanatoh
aanshik anuprayog.
curried functionsche anek anuprayog aahet, jase qee anavashyak code kadhoon takane. udaharanarth, modulesathi prakarachi karye aavashyak asoo shakatat, parantu prakar aanee prakarachya vastunmadhye nishchit sambandh asel tarr prakarachi karye lihine adhik soyiche aahe. prakarache karya hii samanata darshavu shakate. heey adaptor namunyache eka udaharan aahe.
yaa udaharanat, dilelya karyachya sankhyatmak vyutpattichi ganana binduvar karateh
- majedar dii delta eff ex = (eff (ex + delta)-eff (ex-delta))/(2 * delta)
valle dii = fnh vastavik-> (vastavik-> vastavik)-> vastavik-> vastavik
prakar darshavito qee too prakarasah karyavar 'float' chaa nakasha banavato. yamule aaplyala anshatah yuktivad lagoo karata yetat, jyanna curring mhanatat. yaa prakaranat, functionla anshatah yuktivadasaha lagoo karoon visheshikrut kele jaau shakate. haah algoridam vapartana eka changla paryay mhanje machine epsilonche ghanmul.
- valle dii '= dii 1eae ~ 8;
valle dii '= fnh (vastavik-> vastavik)-> vastavik-> vastavik
lakshat ghya qee anumanit prakar soochit karato qee prakarasah tyache pahile yuktivad mhanoon karya apekshit aahe. aapan sootra _ 2 varr sootra _ 1 chya vyutpatticha andaj kadhu shakato. yogya uttar sootra _ 3 aahe.
- dii '(fn ex => ex * ex * ex-ex-1) 3;
tyache moolya = 25.9999996644: vastavik
granthalaye.
manak.
aadhar vachanalay pramanit kele gele aahe aanee bahutek amalbajavanisaha pathvile gele aahe. heey vruksh, sarani aanee itar deta sanrachanansathi tasech input/output aanee system interfacesathi modules pradan karate.
truteey paksh.
sankhyatmak sangananasathi, eka matricks module astitvat aahe (parantu sadhya too tutalela aahe),see. ess.see. emm. yuu.eae. dii. yuu./aii. eff. ess./see. ess./prakalp/pii. ess. see. see. oo./pii. ess. see. see. oo./ess. aar. see./matricks/reedmee.etch. tii. emm. ell.
graphiksasathi, kairo-ess. emm. ell. haah kairo graphics librarycha mukt srot interfaces aahe. yantra shikshanasathi, chitramay pratimansathi eka granthalay astitvat aahe.
amalbajavani.
manak emm. ell. chya amalbajavanimadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
manak
vyutpann
sanshodhan
yaa serve amalbajavani mukt srot aahet aanee muktapane upalabdh aahet. bahutek pramanit milimadhye swatah lagoo kele jaatat. aata konatihi vyavsayik amalbajavani nahee; aata bund jhalelya harlequine ekekali emm. ell. works navachi vyavsayik kalpana aanee sankalak tayar kele jeey zanaliskade gele aanee nantar 26 april 2013 roji ravenbrook limitedne teey vikat ghetalyanantar open-soars kele gele.
ess. emm. ell. chaa vapar karoon mothe prakalp.
aay. tii. university auph kopanheganachi sampoorn udyam rachana karmchari nondi, pagarpatrak, abhyaskram prashasana aanee abhipray, vidyarthi prakalp vyavasthapan aanee web-aadharit swayam-seva interfaces ess. emm. ell. chya sumare 100,000 olinmadhye amalat aanali jaate.
proof assistants hole 4, isabelle, lego aanee twelf heey manak milimadhye lihile jaatat. heey sankalak lekhak aanee hatasarkhya ekatmik paripath designerdware dekhil vaparale jaate.
bahya duve.
manak miilii baddal
uttaradhikari emm. ell. baddal
vyavharik
shaikshanik