supari

supari (kinwa) heey supariche ('supari catechu') phal aahe, jeey bahutek ushnakatibandhiy prashant (melanesia aanee micronesia), dakshin ashiya, aagney ashiya aanee purv aafrikechya kahee bhaganmadhye vadhate. yala samanyatah supari mhanoon sambodhale jaate, aanee tee gundalanyasathi anekada vaparlya jaanarya suparichya ("pipper supari") pananshi gondhal houu naye (supari chaghalane mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka tayari). sevan kelyane aarogyavar anek hanikarak parinam hotat aanee teey manavansathi karkarogkarak aahe. natmadhye asaleli vividh sanyuge, jyat ercolin (prathamik cycoactive ghatak joou nikotinsarkhach aahe), tondatil shleshmalamadhye hystologic badal ghadavun aanatat. tond aanee annanalikechya karkarogasathi (squamous seela carcinoma) haah eka pramukh jokhim ghatak mhanoon olakhala jaato. tambakhu chaghalanyapramanech, pratibandhatmak prayatnanmule tyacha vapar karnyas paravrutt kele jaate. jagbharatil kotyavadhi lock-pramukhyane dakshin ashiyai kinwa aagney ashiyai vanshachya-yanchya vaparache varnan 'durlakshit jaagtik sarvajanik aarogya aanibani' asey kele gele aahe.
vyutpatti.
areka' haah shabd dravidian bhashanpasun aala aahe, jyanche sandnyanatmak shabd pudhilpramane aaheth
yaa sandnya sandnya shatkatil aahet jevha dutch aanee portugij navikanni bharatatoon europemadhye heey nutt ghetale hote.
yala palaumadhye 'elaus' asehi mhanatat.
varnan.
supari heey kharey nutt nahee, tarr berry mhanoon vargikrut kelelya falache beej aahe. teey vyavsayikdrushtya valalelya, barey jhalelya aanee tajya swarupat upalabdh aahe. jevha tajya falache kond hirave asate, tevha aatale nutt itake mauu asate qee teey eka vishisht chakoone kapale jaau shakate. pikalelya falamadhye, bhuse pivale kinwa naringi hote aanee jasjase teey korade hote tasatase aateel phal lakdasarkhe susangatateparyant ghatt hote. tyaa tappyavar, supari fakt katrisarkhya vishesh katarcha vapar karoon kapali jaau shakate.
sahasa chaghalanyasathi, shengdanyache kahee tukade calcium hydroxides (bareek kelele chuna) panat gundalale jaatat aanee tyat lavang, veldode, catechu ("katta") kinwa atirikt chav midvanyasathi itar masalyancha samavesh asoo shakato. panala taji, mirpudyukt chav asate, parantu teey vividhatenusar vegvegalya pramanat kadoo dekhil asoo shakate.
supariche daane panane chaghalale jaatat kaaran teey saumya uttejak mhanoon parinam karatat, jyamule sharirat ushnatechi sanvedana hote aanee thodi jaast satarkata asate, jaree parinam vyaktinusar badaltat.
suparimadhye tannins mhanje erketenin aanee gallic acid; eka sthir teel gumm; thode terpinol; lignin; vividh kharat padarth; aanee teen mukhya alkalides-ercoline, erkedine aanee gwassin asatat-yaa sarvanmadhye vasoconstricketing gunadharm asatat. suparibarobar chaghalalelya panamadhye eugenol heey aanakhi eka vasoconstrictor asate. tambakhuche paan anekada mishranat misalale jaate, jyamule nikoteencha prabhav vadhato.
bharat, srilanka aanee dakshin chinmadhil kahee bhaganmadhye supari keval panabarobarach chaghalali jaat nahee tarr aayurvedik aanee paramparik chiinii aushadhanchya tayareet dekhil vaparali jaate. kahee dantchikitsanmadhye bhuimugyukt suparicha ghatak mhanoon vapar keela jaato. itar paramparik vaparanmadhye, kahee chimutbhar kapus mhanoon pyayalelya suparichya choornala giloon kinwa kadhalelya alkalide asalelya golya gheuun tapeworm aanee itar aatadyansambandhi parjivi kadhoon takane samavisht aahe. paramparik aayurvedik aushadhannusar, supari aanee paan chaghalane haah shvasachya durgandhivar changla upay aahe. mutsaddi edmond roberts yanni namood kele qee 1830 chya dashakat tyanchya chean chean chiinii lock suparila 'uncarea gambir' madhye misalatil. supari chavalyanantar, laal avashesh samanyatah baher thunkale jaatat. tyanusar, dolhyanna tras houu naye mhanoon thikthikani heey nutt chaghalanyas bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe.
aarogyavar honare parinam.
chaghalanare supari heey tondatil submucus fibrosische kaaran aahe, eka purv-rognivarak jakham jee varanvar tondachya karkarogat jaate. medline plusechya matey, "[supari-suparichya tayaricha] dirghakalin vapar tondawate submucosal fibrosis (oo. ess. eff.), karkarogpoorv tondatil jakhama aanee squamous seela carcinomashi sambandhit aahe. paan chaghalanyachya tivra parinamanmadhye damyachi tivrata vadhane, uchch raktadab aanee tachycardia yancha samavesh hoto. niyamit vaparamule yakrut, tond, annanalika, pooat, prostate, garbhashay grieva aanee fuffusachya karkarogacha dhoka dekhil jaast asoo shakato. itar parinamanmadhye raktatil sakharechya patalit badal samavisht asoo shakatat, jyamule type 2 madhumeh honyacha dhoka vadhu shakato."
supariche sevan heey purushanmadhil dirghakalin mutrapindachya rogashi tasech dudh-alkali syndromechya ahavalanshi dekhil sambandhit aahe.
2003 madhye, karkarogavaril sanshodhan aantarrashtriy sansthene (aay. aii. aar. see.), eka jaagtik aarogya sanstha prayojit gut, tambakhubarobar kinwa tyashivay paan chaghalanyachi savay manavanmadhye karkarogas karanibhoot aahe yache purese purave aadhalale. aktoobar 2009 madhye, 10 deshantil 30 shastradnya aay. aii. aar. see. yethe supari aanee carcinogenesischya yantranesah vividh ghatakanchya carcinogenicityche punarmulyankan karnyasathi bhetale. tambakhusah kinwa tyashivay supari karkarogas karanibhoot tharoo shakate yache purese purave aahet yachee tyanni pushti kelee.
jagbharatil kotyavadhi lokanni (pramukhyane dakshin aanee purv ashiyai mool aanee sampark asalelya) suparichya pamchya sevanane jhalelya hanila 'durlakshit jaagtik sarvajanik aarogya aanibani' mhanoon darshavile aahe.
garbhadharanedarmyan.
garbhadharanedarmyan tambakhu kinwa suparicha vapar kelyane balasathi pratikool parinam lakshaniyaritya vadhatat. hii savay mudatpurv janmachya uchch ghatananshi aanee janmachya velee qamee vajan aanee unchishi sambandhit aahe. jaivikdrushtya, heey parinam suparimadhye suparimadhye ercolinecha parinam asoo shakatat. hii savay garbhala karkarogashi sambandhit itar vividh vishari ghatkanshi dekhil sampark sadhate.
rasayanik rachana.
suparimadhye asalele pramukh alkalide mhanje ercoline. arekedine, gwassin, isoguacin aanee gwacolin yasarkhi itar sanyuge aahet. suparimadhye asalele tannins heey pramukhyane katechin aanee erchetenins proenthocyanidines asatat. alikadech done naveen alkalidescha shodh lagla aanee tyanna aketechu aaa aanee aketechu bii asey naav denyat aale. benzenoids, terpins, acid, aldehydes, alcohole aanee esters anek alkalide nasaleli sanyuge dekhil olakhali gelee.
parampara.
paan chaghalanyacha sarvat juna nihsanshay purava phillipinesmadhil aahe. visheshtah ii. sha. puu. 2680 ±250 chya sumaras palavan betachya duyong gumpha sthalavaril dafanbindut sapadalelya anek vyaktinchi. paan paan hadanchya dantkala varr daag asatat. kabarimadhye chunyachya container mhanoon vaparlya jaanarya "anadara" kavchanchahi samavesh aahe, jyapaiki ekamadhye ajunahi chunyacha samavesh aahe. ii. sha. chya pahilya sahasrabditil boholmadhil dafanbhoomi dekhil paan chaghalanyache vaishishtyapurn lalsar daag darshavtat. punarnirmit proto-austronesian shabd '* book' jyacha mool arth 'phal' assa aahe, too proto-malayo-polynesianmadhye 'supari' chaa sandarbh kassa dett aala, yachya bhashik puravyanchya aadhare asey manale jaate qee austronesian vistar suru jhalyanantar (ii. sha. puu. 3000) lavkarach philipinesmadhye kuthetari supari chaghalane vikasit jhaale. philipinespasoon, too parat taivanparyant, tasech tyanantar urvarit austronesiyamadhye aanee shejarchya sanskratinmadhye vyapar aanee sthalantaradvare pasarla.
supari aanee supariche mishran chaghalane haah anek dakshin ashiyai, aagney ashiyai, purv ashiyai aanee sagari deshanmadhye eka mahattvacha aanee lokpriy sanskrutik upkram aahe. supari aanee supariche paan pahilyanda eka manoskriy aushadhat qaa aanee kevha ekatra kele gele heey maheet nahee. thayaland, indoneshiya aanee phillipinesmadhil puratatviy purave asey soochit karatat qee teey kiman 4000 varshanpasun ekatra vaparale jaat aahet.
vhietanammadhye supari aanee supari heey prem aanee vivahache itake mahattvache prateek aahet qee vhietnami bhashet 'supari aanee suparichi baab' ('chuyen trau kau') haah vakyansh vivahala samanarthi aahe. supari chaghalanyachi parampara, parampara aaee-vadilanmadhye aanee vadhuchya palkanmadhye tarun jodpyachya lagnabaddal charcha suru hote. tyamule, paaney aanee rus vhietnami lagnat aupcharikpane vaparale jaatat. yaa vhietnami paramparechya utpattiche spashtikaran denari lokkatha heey yaa vishvasache eka changle udaharan aahe qee supari aanee supariche mishran heey aadarsh vivahit jodpyasarkhe vyavharikdrushtya avibhajya aahe.
purvi, bharat aanee srilanka yaa donhi deshanmadhye supari panane chaghalanyachi rajgharanyachi pratha hotee. rajanche vishesh sevak hote jyanche kartavya changle chaghalanyasathi aavashyak asalelya serve ghatkansah eka petty gheuun jaane hote. shwasala tajetvane karnare aanee aaramdayi gunadharmanmule premi lock supari aanee supari ekatra chaghalanyachi pratha dekhil hotee. asha prakare nutt aanee paan chaghalanyashi laingik pratikvad jodala gela. supari heey purush tattva darshavate aanee supari heey stree tattva darshavate. hindu dharm aanee bauddha dharmachya kahee shalanmadhye eka shubh ghatak manla jaanara suparicha vapar aajahi dharmik samarambhanmadhye panabarobar keela jaato aanee dakshin aashiyatil bahutansh bhaganmadhye vyaktincha sanman kartana dekhil keela jaato.
aasammadhye, tasech tyachya shejarchya bahutek ishanyekadil rajyanmadhye, supariche sevan tyachya aambavalelya swarupat karane adhik shreyaskar aahe, jyamule fale katheen aanee god hotil asey manale jaate. jaree tyala vidhibaddha mahatva jaast asale taree, aambavalelya jaatichi anupalabdhata yete tevha kachchya natche sevan vishisht hangamanmadhye dekhil kele jaau shakate. nutt aanee pananche praman aakarache tukade sahasa chuna aanee thodasa tambakhu yanchya sanyojanat khalle jaatat. aasammadhye supari aanee panala apariharya sanskrutik moolya aahe; supari aanee supari (ektritpane 'gua' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) dene haah samajik abhivadan aanee samajiktecha eka bhag aahe. aagmananantar lagechach pahunyanna 'paan-tamool' (paan paaney aanee kachche supari) arpan karanyachi parampara aahe aanee chaha kinwa jevananantar, 'bota' navachya stands pitalachya thalit serve kele jaate. paramparik aasami samajanmadhye, pravasadarmyan kinwa shetichya kamadarmyan aaplya vyaktivar 'tamul-paan' chee pishavi balgane aanee tee samayik karane hii eka aavashyak garaj hotee. aasaminmadhye, dharmik aanee vivah samarambhanmadhye supariche vividh upayog aahet, jithe tyachi prajnan chinhachi bhoomika aahe. dev aanee aatmanna tasech ekatra aalelya pahunyanna 'tamul-paan' arpan kelyashivay konatahi dharmik vidhee purn hott nahee, varchya aasammadhil parampara mhanje kahee supari aanee supari deuun pahunyanna lagnachya swagat samarambhat aamantrit karane. bihoochya kalat, 'husari' kheladunna pratyek gharakadun supari aanee paan dile jaate, tarr tyanche aashirvad ghetale jaatat.
spanish navik alvarro dii mendana yane soloman betavaril lock castic chunyane nutt aanee paaney chaghalat asalyache aanee jyaa paddhatine yaa savayine tyanchya tondavar laal rung padala aahe, teey pahilyache sangitale. tyanni namood kele qee santa isabelle betavaril maitripurna aanee vinamra pramukh malop, pratyek velee teey bhetatat tevha maitriche prateek mhanoon tyanna heey sanyojan deu karatat.
bhutanmadhye suparila 'doma' mhanatat. mauu aanee olsar kachchya supariche daane atishay shaktishali asatat. chaghalalyavar teey dhaddhadane aanee raktavahinyanmadhil sankochanas karanibhoot tharoo shakate. haah prakar bhutanchya khalchya bhagat aanee uttar bangalmadhye khalla jaato, jithe nutt ardhyat kapla jaato aanee mothya pramanat chunyasah sthanik "paan" panat takala jaato. urvarit bhutanmadhye bhuimug lavoon kachchya shengdanyala asha prakare aambavale jaate qee bhuimug vighatit hote aanee teey kadhayala sope asate. aambavalelya ghumatala eka durgandhi asate, jyacha gandh mailanpasoon yeu shakato. paramparikaritya, heey sugandhit nutt ardhe kapale jaate aanee sthanik panapasoon banavalelya shankuchya varr thewale jaate, jyamadhye chunyacha eka tukada asato. "ashee dantkatha aahe qee, jyaa thikani bauddha dharm pohochala navhata, tyaa monpanchi bhoomi, jyala paramparikpane monuel mhanoon olakhale jaate, tyaa bhutanche rahivasi kachchya mansavar jagat, rakt peet aanee hadey chaghalat asat. aathvya shatkat guru rinpoche yanchya aagmananantar tyanni lokanna maans khane aanee rakt pine bund kele aanee supari, chuna aanee supari haah paryay tayar keela. aaj doma chaghalanyachi pratha bunley aahe. doma jevananantar, vidhee aanee samarambhadarmyan deela jaato. too mitranna deela jaato aanee kamachya thikani samajatil serve ghatkandware chaghalala jaato aanee bhutanchya jivanacha aanee sanskraticha eka aavashyak bhag banala aahe."
indoneshiyamadhye suparila "pinang" mhanatat.
tambakhuche paan chaghalanyachya mishranat jodane haah tulanene alikadil navkalpana aahe, kaaran vasahatvadi kalaparyant americet tambakhucha vapar keela jaat navhata.
aadhunik kalatil vapar.
bharatat (suparicha sarvat motha grahak) aanee urvarit bharatiy upkhandat, suparisah kinwa tyashivay badam tayar karane yala samanyatah "paan" asey mhanatat. heey vyavharikdrushtya sarvatra upalabdh aahe aanee chaghalanyasathi tayar asalelya pishavyanmadhye vikale jaate, jyala "paan masala" kinwa "supari" mhanatat, jeey supariche valalele roop aahe, anek swadanche mishran mhanoon, jyacha prathamik aadhar valalelya supariche lahan tukade karoon chiralele asate. garib lock, jeey fakt darr darr divashich khau shakatat, teey upasamarichya vedna door karnyasathi tyacha vapar karatat. "thodya pramanat tambakhu asalelya paan masalyala 'gutka' mhanatat. sahajpane takoon dile jaanare, plasticche lahan "supari" kinwa "gutka" pishave heey dakshin ashiyai vatavaranache sarvavyapi pradushak aahet. tondatil kahee dravpadarth sahasa thunkun kadhale jaatat, jyamule cuff jithe kuthe utarato tithe chamakdar laal thipke tayar hotat.
maldivmadhye supari chaghalane khoop lokpriy aahe, parantu thunkane heey talhale jaate aanee chaghalanyacha eka aparishkrut, vikarshan karnara marg manale jaate. sahasa, lock sukya shengdanyache patal tukade chaghalanyas pradhanya detat, jeey kadhikadhi bhajalele asatat. "supari, supari, lavang, veldode aanee sakhar yanche mishran 'kiilii' heey lahan gharguti kagadi pishavyanmadhye vikale jaate. daat gamavalele vruddha lock supari aanee supariche mishran eka lahan gavat aanee mudvyane maroon "chavat" rahatat.
papua nyu giinii aanee soloman betanvar, taje supari, supariche paan kinwa 'falanche paan' (purviche 'daka') aanee chuna rastyanchya rastyanchya vikale jaatat. yaa deshanmadhye valalele kinwa chavdar supari lokpriy nahee. tethil suparila toke pisinmadhye bui asey sambodhale jaate. poort moresbimadhye sarvajanik thikani suparichya vikrivar aanee chaghalanyavar alikadech vadgrast bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe. yamule, anek lokanni poort moresbimadhye suparichi taskari karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. vishesh mhanje, meey 2015 madhye hanuabadamadhye chhapa taknyat aala, jyat suparichya anek pishavya japt karnyat aalya, japt kelelya shengdanyanche ekoon moolya 180,000 americi dollarspeksha jaast jhaale. vanuaatumadhye alikadech supari chaghalanyachi suruvat karnyat aalee aahe, jithe tee lokpriyatet vadhat aahe, visheshtah deshachya uttarekadil betanvar.
guam aanee shejarchya uttar mariana betanvar, supari aanee supari chaghalane heey maitri vadhavanyache sadhan mhanoon eka samajik manoranjan aahe aanee ann pradarshanacha bhag mhanoon bahutansh nahee tarr anek mothya melavyanmadhye aadhalu shakate.
palaumadhye supari chunya, piparchya panasah aanee aajkal tambakhuchya jodanisah chaghalali jaate. junya aanee tarun pidhyanna suparicha vapar aavadato, jee dukane aanee bajarpethanmadhye sahaj upalabdh aahe. papua nyu giinii aanee soloman betanpramane, jithe aateel supari vaparali jaate, palaumadhye suparichi tvacha chuna, paan aanee tambakhusah chaghalali jaate aanee rus gilala jaat nahee tarr thunkala jaato.
taivanmadhye, mothya sankhyene grahak darroj 20 teey 40 suparichya pishavya tajya kharedi karatat. varshabharatil sthir magani purn karnyasathi, done prakarchi suparichi dukane supari aanee shengdane, tasech cigaret aanee pey, jyat bearcha samavesh aahe, vikatatah lahan aaee aanee popp dukane, jyanchi dekhbhal anekada kharab kelee jaate aanee jyachya samoril bajoo namr asatat aanee jyaa dukananmadhye sahasa ekach, mukt-ubhe rahanyachi kholee kinwa boothshivay kahihi nasate. nantarche sahasa rastyapasoon eka meater varr unch kele jaate aanee 3 buy 2 meetarpeksha qamee mojmap asate. mothya chitranchya khidkyanmadhye done kinwa adhik bhinti asatat, jyamule jeey aatoon jaatat tyanna aateel sampoorn drushya disate. aateel bhag anekada chamakdar rangavala jaato. asha dukanat, eka kamuk kapade ghataleli tarun stree, eka 'supari saundarya', supari aanee supari tayar kartana disate. dukane anekada bahurangi (samanyatah hiravya) pratideepi nalya kinwa neon divedware olakhali jaatat jeey khidakya tayar karatat kinwa jeey dukanachya varr trijyane mandanyat yetat. grahak rastyachya kadela thambatat aanee mulinni tyanchya vahanat supari aanee supari aananyachi vaat pahatat. supari chaghalanyachi savay anekada lamb pallyachya vahtook, bandhkam kinwa masemarisarkhya nilya-collar kamgar udhyoganshi sambandhit asate. yaa shrampradhan udhyoganmadhil kamgar suparicha vapar tyachya uttejak prabhavasathi karatat, parantu teey teey samajik sambandh rakhanyache eka sadhan dekhil banate. udaharanarth, abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee taxie, bus aanee truck chalkanmadhye supari chaghalane prachalit aahe, jeey dirgh kamachya tasancha samna karnyasathi suparichya uttejak prabhavavar avalambun asatat. yaa karananmule, supari chaghalanyache praman jaast asalelya vyavsayanmadhye mrutyuche pramukh kaaran mhanoon tondacha karkarog olakhala gela aahe.
chinmadhil hainan aanee hunan prantat, jithe ziangton heey vapar aanee prakriyeche kendra aahe, tethe vruddha aanee tarun lock darroj supari khatat. matra, bahutek lock suparichya valalelya jaatiche pananshivay swatach sevan karatat. kahee lock supariche kachchya, tajya swarupat panasah kinwa tyashivayahi sevan karatat. supari vikanyacha prayatna prayatna vruddha striya mukhytah supari vikatat, parantu chaha, daroo aanee cigaret cigaret bahutek dukananmadhye tyachi valaleli aavrutti aadhalu shakate.
thayalandmadhye, gelya dashakanmadhye suparicha vapar haloohaloo qamee jhaala aahe. tarun pidhi kvachitach padarth chaghalate, visheshtah shaharanmadhye. sadhyachya kalatil bahutansh vapar junya pidhyanpurta maryadit aahe, bahutek 50 varshanvaril lock. tarihi, suparichi paaney aanee bareek kapalelya suparichya chhotya tray bajarat vikalya jaatat aanee bauddha tirthkshetranmadhye arpan mhanoon vaparlya jaatat.
austreliyamadhye suparichi aayat, vapar aanee vikri pratibandhit aahe, parantu anek dakshin ashiyai supermarketmadhye bekaydeshirpane vikali gelee aahe.
philipinesmadhye supari aanee supari chaghalanyachi parampara purvi khoop vyapak hotee. matra, aata hii parampara shaharanmadhil aanee mothya shaharanmadhil shahari lokanmadhye jawaljawal mrutpray jhaali aahe aanee mothya pramanat tee hiradya aanee tambakhoone badalali aahe. aajkal, keval vruddha lokach supari chaghalatat. pann grameen bhagat supari chaghalane khoop jiwant aahe.
americet supari haah niyantrit kinwa vishesh curr aakarla jaanara padarth nahee aanee kahee ashiyai kirana dukananmadhye aadhalu shakato. tathapi, ann, shetee kinwa aushadhi aushadhanchya ullanghanachya karanastav, aamhi simashulk simashulk vivekbuddhinusar, sampoorn kinwa koralelya shengdanyanchya danyanvyatirikt itar swarupat suparichi aayat thambavali jaau shakate. prathannusar asha krutee phaar durmil aahet.
united kingadammadhe supari sahaj upalabdh aahe.
yuu. aii. eae. madhye supari kinwa paan thevanyas bandee aahe aanee too dandaniy gunha aahe.
bharatatil guwahati (guwahati), maleshiyatil penang, thayalandmadhil qoo muck (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>
supariche sevan suru karane heey guntaguntichya manosamajik ghatkanvar avalambun asalyache disate.
utpadan.
2017 madhye supariche jaagtik utpadan 13 laakh tunn hote, jyat bharat ekoon 54 takke puravato. itar aaghadiche utpadak mhanoon myanmar, indoneshiya, bangladesh aanee taiwan yanni ektritpane jagachya ekoon utpadanat (takta) 38 takke yogdan dile.

