germanytil kayadeshir madat

germanytil kayadeshir madat "nyayalayin vyavasthet antarbhut aahe aanee yakade tyacha eka bhag mhanoon pahile jaate". 1919 madhye garibanna mofat kayadeshir madat pratinidhitva denara germany haah pahila desh hota aanee tathakathit nyayvyavasthecha mool namuna aahe.
diwani aanee itar gair-gunhegari prakarananmadhye kayadeshir madat.
jarr ekhada paksh nyayalayin aanee samupadeshakiy shulk bharnyachya sthiteet nasel tarr diwani (jyat kautumbik kayada samavisht aahe), prashasakeey, kamgar, samajik kalyan aanee nyayalayansamor ghatanatmak vadanmadhyehi kayadeshir madat dilee jaau shakate. nyayalayin kharchatoon suut deuun aanee nyayalayachya nirnayanantar rajyachya arthsankalpatun samupadeshanache shulk bharoon kayadeshir madat dilee jaate. vakilala dilelya kayadeshir madat prakarananmadhye pradan keleli rakkam vaidhanik shulk anusuchimadhye niyantrit kelee jaate, parantu kayadeshir madaticha haqq nasalelya grahakakadoon niyamit shulk taktyanusar samanyatah dawa karata yenyapeksha vakeel khoopach qamee dawa karoo shakatat. german nagri prakriya sanhitene "garibancha adhikar" (germanmadhyeh "armenrect") yaa shirshakacha eka upakalam pradan keela, jyamadhye 1 janewari 1980 roji nyayik sanrakshanashi sambandhit kayadeshir kharchanchya vyaptisathi aanee prakriya aayojit karnyasathi sarvajanik nidhicha pahila german kayada jodala gela.
nyayalayakadun kayadeshir madat manjur karnyasathi arjdarane heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe qee (aaa) davedar aarthikdrushtya karyapaddhaticha kharch sahan karnyas saksham nahee, (buub) khatalyachya yashachya vajvi shakyata aahet aanee (qa) karvaiche kaaran kshullak nahee. kayadeshir madatisathicha arj samanyatah saksham nyayalayachya khandpithakade takrarichya masudyasah dakhal keela jaato. yacha fayda assa aahe qee kayadeshir madat arjdarala nyayalayin kharchachya bharana pasoon tatpurati suut dilee jaate, tarr khandpith keval arjdarachya aarthik sthiticha aadhava ghet nahee tarr khatalyachi gunavatta dekhil tharavate, mhanje.eae.keval masuda takrarit sadar kelelya tathye aanee yuktivadanchya aadhare, khatala yashasvi honyachi vajvi shakyata asalyache disate qaa yabaddal. asha prakare, nyayalay karvaichya karanacha saransh aadhava ghete. serve atty purn jhalya aanee asha prakare kayadeshir madat dilee gelee tarach nyayalay takrar takrar pakshakade pathvel aanee tyadvare nyayalayane uchalalelya kharchasah nyayik vaad suru hoil. tathapi, kayadeshir madat magnara firyadi sahayyak kayadeshir madatichya vinantisah prabhavipane takrar dakhal karoo shakato parantu khatala pralambit rahnyas kayadeshir madat denarya nyayalayavar avalambun naan thevata; kinwa firyadi nantarchya tappyat parantu khatalyachi prakriya purn honyapurvi kayadeshir madatichi vinanti karato. nantarchya paristhitit, jarr nyayalayakadun kayadeshir madat nakarli gelee tarr kayadeshir madat magnara firyadi, khatala ayashasvi jhalyas (kinwa khatala anshatah yashasvi jhalyas anshatah kharch uchalel) vakeel aanee nyayalayin shulk uchalel. bachav prakarananna samaan paddhatine hatalale jaate.
german nyayvyavastha, pratham khajgi vyavharatil vakilandware, nantar nyayalayandware, garibi aanee tyanchya gunavattevaril kayadeshir madat prakaranancha aadhava ghenyakade nete, tarr nyayalayin prakriyetoon kadhoon takalelya bahya kayadeshir madat sansthanvaril avalambitva talhate. shakticha aanakhi eka ghatak mhanje pranalichi qamee kimmat. itar europeey deshanchya tulanet dardoi kayadeshir madatisathi rajya arthsankalpachi ekoon qamee rakkam puravali jaate. kayadeshir madatidvare tyanche shulk midvane surakshit karnyasathi, vakilanchya masudyatil sankshipt mahitimadhye vadavivadaspad guna asane aavashyak aahe jyamule garibanchya pratinidhitvachi uchch gunavatta sunishchit hote. tyamule vakilanchi nikrusht kamgiri haah paryay nahee. german model garib firyadila shrimant firyadishi kharee samanata midvoon dete asehi manale jaate. adhik shrimant vyaktipramane vakeel nivadanyacha adhikar garib vyaktila aahe. eka vijayi paksh mhanoon vakilala vakilache sampoorn shulk vasool karnyacha adhikar asalyane, garibanche pratinidhitva karnara vakeel swabhavikpane khatala jinkanyasathi prerit asato.eae.keval qamee kelele kayadeshir madat shulk nahee, tarr khatala khatala pakshakadoon. harnari-serve paise dete hii pranali vakilanna garib grahakanche pratinidhitva karnyasathi protsahan dete. 
faujdari prakriyet kayadeshir madat.
faujdari prakriyet, jarr aaropine aadhich vakeel rakhoon thewala nasel tarr nyayalay tathakathit 'aavashyak bachav' prakarananmadhye aaropila bachav pakshachya vakilasah niyukt karate. tathapi, vyavharat, nyayalay sahasa tyaa vakilachi niyukti karate, jyala aaropinni anivarya pratinidhitvasathi aadhich nivadle hote. aavashyak bachav mhanje aaropivar kiman eka varshachya karavasachi shiksha houu karoo, uchch nyayalayasamor khatala chalavalya manale, aadhich kothadit thevalelya kinwa anyatha swatacha bachav karnyas saksham nasalyache manale manale gunhyacha aarop aahe. anivarya kayadeshir pratinidhitvachya prakarananmadhye sallagar niyukt karnyacha aaropicha haqq, too konatyahi garibachi parva naan karata aahe. nyayalayane niyukt kelela bachav paksh vakeel rajyachya arthsankalpatun shulk magnyas patra aahe. diwani karyavahipramanech, tathapi, kayadeshir madat shulk vakeel anyatha grahakakadoon dawa karoo karoo shulkapeksha qamee asate. pratyek vakilachi nyayalayakadun niyukti kelee jaau shakate kaaran germanymadhye sarvajanik bachav yojana astitvat nahee. jarr aaropi khatala harla tarr, i.eae.doshi tharvalyas, nyayalay prativadinvar nyayalayin shulk aanee bachav kharchachi tartud karate. doshi tharvalyanantar, nyayalayane niyukt kelela vakeel doshi grahakachya virodhat dawa karava qee khajinyachya virodhat, heey tharvu shakato. samanyatah, jarr grahak garib asel tarr vakeel rajya sarkarchya karjdarakade paise magel. jarr ekhadya khatalyat "aavashyak bachav" aavashyak nasel, tarr joou aaropi vakilala paise deu shakat nahee, tyala rajyane dilela sallah milanyacha haqq nahee, parantu tyane swatacha bachav karane aavashyak aahe.

