
mayaa vastukala

mayaa vastukala hajaro varshe, rajkiy badalache anek kalkhand aanee amerikechya spanish vasahatikaranachya aadhi sthapatyashastriy navkalpana vyapate. bahutekda, mayaa lokanchi nirmiti mhanoon sarvat natyamay aanee sahaj olakhata yenyajogya imarati heey antim purvashastriy mayaa kalatil aanee tyapalikadeche payariche pyramid asatat. sarvasadharan mesoamerican sthapatya paramparevar aadharit, mayaa lokanni sadhya gharanpasoon teey alankrut mandiranparyant serve kahee bandhanyasathi bhaumitik praman aanee guntaguntichya koreev kamancha vapar keela. haah lekh mayaa vastukalechya adhik prasiddha purv-shastriy aanee abhijat udaharananvar kendrit aahe. palenke, tickle aanee uksamal yetheel mandire mayaa qalaa aanee vastukalechya shikharavar aahet. asankhya ghatakanche nirikshan aanee shailigat bhed yadvare, mayaa vastukaleche avashesh tyanchya dharmik shraddha aanee sanskruti sampoorn samajoon ghenyasathi eka mahattvachi gurukilli banale aahet.
shahari rachana.
mayaa shahare mesoamerikechya vividh bhoogolat pasarleli asalyane, sthal niyojanachi vyapti qamee asalyache disate, tyanchi shahare pratyek swatantra sthanachya bhaugolikatenusar kahishi avyavasthitpane bandhali gelee aahet. mayaa sthapatyakala mothya pramanat naisargik vaishishtye ektrit karate. udaharanarth, uttar yukatanchya sapat chunkhadichya maidananvar astitvat asaleli kahee shahare mothya pasarlelya nagarpalikanmadhye vikasit jhaali, tarr usumasintachya dongaranmadhye bandhalelya itar shaharanni tyanchya manore aanee mandiranna prabhavi unchivar nenyasathi bhaugoliktechya naisargik majalyacha vapar keela. tathapi, konatyahi mothya shaharala aavashyak asalelya suvyavastheche kahee samya ajunahi prachalit hote. mothya pramanavar bandhkamachya prarambhi, eka purvanirdharit aksh samanyatah mukhya dishanshi susangatpane sthapit keela gela hota. godya panyachya vihiri kinwa senotsarkhya naisargik sansadhananche sthan aanee upalabdhata yavar avalambun, mothya plazanna asankhya platformshy jodoon shaharacha vikas jhaala, jyane jawaljawal serve mayaa imaratinsathi up-rachana tayar kelee, 'sackbub' kaujavedvare. jasjasha adhik sanrachana jodalya gelya aanee vidyaman sanrachananchi punarbandhani kinwa nutanikaran kele gele, tastashi mahan mayaa shahare jawaljawal yadruchchik olakh ghet asalyache disate jee teotihuacan aanee tyachya kathor gridsarkhya bandhkamasarkhya itar mahan mesoamerican shaharanshi tivrapane bhinn aahe.
mayaa shaharachya madhyabhagi shahee acropolis, mahan pyramid mandire aanee kadhikadhi ballcourt yasarkhya tyanchya sarvat maulyavan sarkari aanee dharmik imaratinni vedhalele mothe plaza astitvat hote. nisargane tharavalyapramane jaree shaharachi mandani vikasit jhaali asali taree mandire aanee vedhshalanchya dishatmak dishankade kaljipurvak laksh dile gele jenekarun tee tanyanchya kakshanchya mayaa vyakhyenusar bandhali jaatil. yaa vidhee kendrachya agadi baher qamee kuleen, lahan mandire aanee vaiyaktik mandiranchya rachana hotyah qamee pavitra aanee qamee mahattvachya sanrachananmadhye adhik pramanat gopaniyata hotee. satat vikasit hott asalelya shahari kendrabaher samanya lokanchi qamee kayamswarupi aanee adhik vinamra ghare hotee.
abhijat kalatil mayaa shahari rachana hii mahan smarke aanee marganni jaageche vibhajan mhanoon sahajpane varnan kelee jaau shakate. yaa prakaranat, khule sarvajanik plaza hii lokansathi ekatra yenyasathichi thikane hotee aanee shahari rachaneche kendrabindu hote, tarr aateel jaaga purnapane duyyam hotee. abhijat kalatil uttaradhatach mahan mayaa shahare adhik killyasarkhya sanrakshanatmak sanrachananmadhye vikasit jhaali, jyat bahutek vela abhijat kalatil mothya aanee asankhya plazacha abhav hota. gwatemala yetheel petainmadheel abhijatanantarchya kalat, sanrakshanksham thikani, udaharanarth peatan khoyatil dweepkalp aanee betanvar lahan sanrakshit vasahati udayas aalya. yaa sthalanmadhye alp pallyache plaza hote aanee lahan aupcharik rachana aanee sthapatyakalechya rachaneche niyam mageel abhijat kalapasoon sudharit kele gele hote parantu tyaa olakhanyayogya rachana hotya jyaa abhijat namunyapasun badalalya gelya hotya.
bandhkam prakriya.
serve purave asey suchavatat qee bahutek dagadi imarati eka vyaspithachya varchya bajula astitvat hotya, jyaa imaratichya mahattvanusar eka meetarpeksha qamee teey 45 meater unchivar badalat asat. dagadi payyanchey uddan anekada eka bajula mothya platformche vibhajan karate, jyamule mayaa vastukalechya samanya dvi-samamiteey swarupat yogdan milate. ekhadya bhagatil prachalit shailigat pravruttinusar, heey platform bahutek vela gaar aanee kapalelya dagadi bahereel bhagane bandhale gele hote, jeey daat bharalelya kandyane bharalele hote. itar anek mayaa shilpanchya babatit jase aahe, talvyanvaril shilpe bahudha nivassthanachya sanrachanechya uddeshashi sambandhit hotee. asha prakare, up-sanrachanatmak platform purn jhalyanantar, platformchya bhakkam payavar mayachi bhavya nivassthane aanee mandire bandhali gelee. serve sanrachana bandhalya gelyamule, tyanchya upayogitavadi karyakshamatekade aanee bahya saundaryakade farse laksh dile gele aahe asey disate; tathapi, corbell kamaan yaa vishisht punaravrutti pailoocha vapar anekada sadhya mayaa zopadichya swarupachi aanee anubhutichi nakkal karnyasathi keela jaat asey.
aateel jaaga vadhavanyasathi jaree eka prabhavi sadhan nasale taree, unch chhatala aadhar denyasathi jaad dagadi bhinti aavashyak asalyane, kahee mandiranmadhye, jyala mayaa 'pibnal' kinwa sweatbath mhanoon sambodhate, teey bandhanyasathi, jase qee palenkmadhil vadhastambhachya mandiratil, varanvar kamaan kinwa corbelled waltcha vapar keela jaato. sanrachana purn jhalyanantar, samanyatah garanchya tharavar vyapak madatkarya jodale gele. tathapi, anek lintel koreev kaam sapadale aahet, tasech pratyaksh dagadi koreev kamancha vapar darshani bhag mhanoon keela jaato. samanyatah, heey sampoorn sanrachanebhovati akhanditpane chaloo rahtil aanee tyat rahivashanshi kinwa imaratichya uddeshashi sambandhit vividh kalakruti asateel. serve mayaa thikani asey nasale taree rangavalelya garancha vyapak vapar dekhil aadhalala aahe.
jaree mayanni vishisht mojmap ekak vaparale nasale taree tyanchya imarati ajunahi suvarn madhyanusar pramanbaddh hotya. tyanchya gharansathi, mayaa eka chaurasane suruvat karat asat aanee nantar kopyapasoon kopyatil chauras mojanyasathi dori kinwa well vaparat asat. mug dorkhand khalee vakavoon, mageel chauras aadharavar eka naveen aadhar lambi sthapit kelee jaau shakate. naveen aayatakrutichi lambi donche vargamool asel, jeey nisargat aadhalanare praman aahe. kaaran mayache dharmik arth hote, teey konatya pramanasathi vapartat aanee jevha tyanchya mojamapachya prakarala pavitra bhoomiti mhanatat. egyptchya lokannihi yacha sarav keela hota. vastavik ekkancha vapar naan karata, serve samamiteey aanee susanvadi rachana midvinyasathi mayaa tyanchya mandiranmadhye aanee gharanmadhye vegvegalya pramanat khelalya.
asey suchavale gele aahe qee, mayaa dirgh ganana dindarshikechya sanyogane, darr bavis varshanni kinwa chakrane, mandire aanee pyramid punha tayar kele gele aanee punarbandhani kelee gelee. aata asey disate qee punarbandhanichi prakriya anekada naveen shaskane kinwa rajkiy babinsathi kelee hotee, calendar chakrashi julanyachya ulat. tathapi, junya sanrachananchya varchya bhagavar punarbandhani karanyachi prakriya kharokharach eka samanya prakriya aahe. sarvat vishesh mhanje, tikal yetheel uttar acropolis hii ekoon 1500 varshanchya sthapatyavishayak badalanchi berries asalyache disate.
bandhkam sahitya 
mayaa sanskratine tyanchya sanrachana tayar karnyasathi atishay sopee sadhane vaparali. sarvat samanya sadhane aaspaschya bhagat sapadalelya dagadapasun banavali gelee hotee. bahutek vasahatinmadhye chunkhadi bhaugolikdrushtya khoop mubalak asalyane chunkhadi haah mayaa sadhananirmiticha eka motha bhag hota. aavashyak dagadanchi upalabdhata lakshat gheuun mayaa shaharanchi thikane nivadali gelee. yamule bandhkamasathi aavashyak asalelya gatanmadhye sahaj pravesh karnyasathi bahutek khaninna shaharachya agadi baher rahane shakya jhaale. chunkhadiche sarvat mothe khaninche bandhkam palenk aanee tickle asey hote. chunkhadi hii sarvat mahattvachi samagri asali taree tyanni kwiriguaamadhun valukashma aanee kopanmadhun jwalamukhichya tuff gola kelya.
bahutek sanrachanatmak prakalpanvar mayaa lokanni mortarcha fayda ghetala hota. mayanni tyanche khadde tayar karnyasathi mothya pramanat ushnatemadhye chunkhadichi atishay katheen prakriya vaparali. mortarcha itka mothya pramanavar vapar keela jaat hota qee, mayaa lock tyacha vapar shilpe, agrabhag aanee majlyavaril tharansathihi karat asat. tyanche mortar mothya imaratichya aayushyavar khoop prabhavi hote, parantu damat havamanacha mortarvar nakaratmak parinam houu shakato.
adhik mahattvachya bandhkam prakalpansathi mayaa sampoorn bahya sanrachanevar gaar lavtat, tyanantar laal, pivala, hirwa aanee nila yala pradhanya dett chamakdar chitre kadhatat.
ullekhaneey bandhkame.
aupcharik munch.
heey samanyatah chaar meetarpeksha qamee unchiche chunkhadiche vyaspeeth hote jithe sarvajanik samarambh aanee dharmik vidhee kele jaat asat. eka vishisht payabharanichya rachanechya paddhatine bandhalelya yaa dagadanna anekada koreev aakruti, vedya aanee kadachit 'tzompantly', haah balee padalelya kinwa parabhoot jhalelya mesoamerican ballgame pratispardhyanna doke dakhavanyasathi vaparla jaanara eka danda, hyane uchchar deela jaat asey.
rajwade.
mothe aanee anekada atyant sushobhit, rajwade sahasa shaharachya madhyabhagi basatat aanee loksankhyechya uchchabhru lokanna thevatat. pratyek atishay motha shahee rajwada, kinwa vegvegalya staranvaril anek kholyancha samavesh asalela eka acropolis mhanoon olakhala jaau shakato. tathapi, byavachada yaa eka majali asayachya aanee tyat lahan kholya aanee samanyatah kiman eka aateel angan asey; yaa sanrachananmadhye nivasasathi aavashyak asaleli karyakshamta tasech tyanchya rahivashanchya unchisathi aavashyak asaleli sajavat vicharat ghetali jaate. anek rajwade vividh kabarinche ghar aahet yavar puratatvashastradnya sahmat asalyache disate. 
copan yethe (sarvat shaktishali aanee mahattvachya shaharanpaiki eka), charshe varshanhun adhik kalanantarchya punarnirmitichya khalee, pracheen shasakanpaiki ekachi kabar sapadali aahe aanee tikal yetheel uttar acropolis heey antim purv-shastriy aanee prarambhik abhijat kalkhandat asankhya dafanbhumiche thikan asalyache disate. 
eae-gut.
"eae-gut" heey madhya aanee dakshin mayaa sakhal pradeshat (udaa.jee., petton pradesh). yaa prakarchya sankulanmadhye chatushkoniy plaza kinwa vyaspithachya paschim bajula sthit payya asalelya mukhya pyramidchi rachana asate. plazachya purvekadil bajula eka unch parantu tyaeivaji lamb rachana disate, jee uttar-dakshin dishene jaate; yaa vyaspithachya varr kinwa tyachya jaagi teen lahan mandiranche dheeg aahet, yaa uparachana madhyabhagi thet mukhya sanrachanechya viruddha bajula aahet. anekada, plazachya uttar aanee dakshin bajunna anukrame itar done sahayyak sanrachana disatat. mukhya pashchimekadil rachana samanyatah payya asaleli asate (i.eae. tyache anek star aahet), tyachya charahi bajunna pratyek payari aahe, keval purvekadil payya, plazapasoon pudhe jaaun shikharavar pravesh pradan karatat. payyanmadhye mothe khadde aahet jeey pyramidmadhun baher padatat, jeey mothya gaar mukhavate aanee sthapatyakalechya patalanni sushobhit kele hote. itar udaharananmadhye, jeey nantarche asalyache manale jaate, yaa chatushpakshiy payya sanrachanecha abhav aahe.
eae-gut sankulanna tyanche namuna udaharan, quaxactonchya thikani sanrachana eae-vi-sabavarun nave denyat aalee aahet. 1924 madhye puratatvashastradnya france blom yanni tyanchi olakh pahilyanda arthpurn sankul mhanoon kelee, jyanni washingtonchya karnegi sansthechya aashrayakhali yaa jaageche utkhanan kele.
heey eae-gut vedhshala aahet asey siddha kele gele aahe, kaaran quaxacton yetheel samannam asalelya gatamadhye sankranti aanee vishuvavar suryodayanshi sambandhit sanrekhan asate. tathapi, utkhananachya ahavalanmadhye nondavalelya sthapatyashastriy kramatoon asey disun yete qee hii sanrekhan vegvegalya kalkhandatil ghatakanna jodatat aanee tyamule teey kadhihi nirikshanatmakdrushtya karyatmak asoo shakale nasate. yashivay, itar serve eae-gatanchi disha vegvegali asate, jee khagolshastriy sanrekhanchya vyapak gatanshi sambandhit aahet, jeey itar prakarchya anek imaratinmadhye dekhil antarbhut aahet. tyamule, aanee tyanche prathamik upayog vidhee aanee antyasanskar hote heey lakshat gheta, eae gatanna vedhshala mhanoon niyukt karnyasathi konatehi kaaran nahee. yaa sanrachananna sushobhit karananya koreev aanee kalakrutindware sangitalelya sambhavya nirmiti kathetoon itar kalpana udbhavtat asey disate.
trikoni gut.
tyat eka unch vyaspeeth (ektar eka vistrut acropolis kinwa eka unch pyramid) asate, jyat eka bhavya payya asatat, jyat madhyavarti imarat payyankadey tond karoon asate aanee vyaspithachya donhi bajunna ekmekanna tond karoon done bajukadil sanrachana asatat. yaa aupcharik sankulache shrey aakashiy agni (aadhunik kalatil orean nakshatr) kinwa sinhasanachya vidhisathi eka tappa pruthvivaril punarnirmitila dile gele aahe. agadi alikade tribhuj gatancha arth fulanchya dongravar makyachya devachya punarutthanachya smaranarth abhayaranye assa keela gela aahe. ashee sankule purvashastriy kalatil uttaradhat disatat aanee prarambhik uttarshastriy kalat tyanchi sankhya nahishi hoiparyant haloohaloo qamee hott jaate.
pyramid aanee mandire.
bahutekda sarvat mahatvachi abhayaranye donashe futanpeksha jaast unchichya unch mayaa pyramidavar basaleli asat, jase qee ell mirador. varchya bajula asalele abhayaranya samanyatah shikhar kinwa chhatavaril kangnane unch kele jaat asey. alikadil shodh jaree thadge mhanoon pyramidcha vyapak vapar karnyakade nirdesh karatat, taree mandiranmadhye kvachitach, jarr kadhee taree, daphan asatat asey disate. mayaa pyramidche sheersh sapat hote aanee teey eztech pyramidsarkhech hote, jaree eztech heey asey vyakti hote jyanni tyanche pyramid vegale karata naan yenare bandhale. 
chichen itza yethe ell castillo ('killa') navache eka pyramid aahe. chaar payyansaha, pratyeki 91 payya (varchya vyaspithasaha tyanchi berries 365 paryant) aanee khagolshastriyadrushtya lakshaniy sankhyene disanare itar sthapatya ghatak asalele, heey mayaa pauranik katha aanee khagolshastriy chakranche eka changle udaharan aahe. pracheen egyptian sanskratincha assa vishvas hota qee aakashat asha shakti aahet jyaa paus aanatat aanee chakrivadalanna door thevatat. satta tyanna aikoo yenyaitke jawal jaanyasathi tyanni pyramid bandhale. mesopotamian lokanni payyansaha pyramidsarkhe ziggurat bandhale. yavyatirikt, mayaa aanee itar anek mesoamerican lokanni swarg pahanyasathi aajubajuchya jangalanpasun unchavar tyanche pyramid bandhale. unchavaril devancha sanman karnyavyatirikt, mayaa pyramid saur ghatanansathi vedhshala mhanoon dekhil kaam karat hote. mayaa pyramid agadi mukhya dishanshi kinwa uttar, purv, paschim aanee dakshineshi dekhil changlya prakare sanrekhit hote, jenekarun tyancha vapar hokayantrapramane keela jaat hota, jyala kukulkanche pyramid asehi mhanatat, hii rachana eka ullekhaneey pradarshan pradan karate, jeey vishuvkalat hajaro aadhunik abhyagatanni pahile. ast hott asalelya suryachi kirane uttarekadil tatbandivar prakshepit kelee jaatat, jyamule sarp pyramidchya payyanvaroon khalee sarakato assa bhram nirman hoto. haah saap anek trikon aakaranni banalela asato, jyamule too hiryachya pathivaril sapasarkha disato. uttarekadil payyanchya payathyashi, sapanchya dokyachi prachand shilpe aahet, jyamule haah prabhav aanakhi munn valavanara hoto. haah prakash aanee savalicha prabhav vishuv nondavanyachya uddeshane sadhya jhaala assa vyapak vishvas asala taree, kalpana atyant ashakya aaheh heey darshavile gele aahe qee vishuvachya aaspaschya anek aathvadyant, mothya badalanshivay hii ghatana pahili jaau shakate, jyamule keval haah parinam pahoon konatihi tarikh nishchit karane ashakya hote.
mayaa vastukala hii messo-american sanskratinmadhil itaranpeksha khoop vegali aahe. pauranik katha aanee khagolshastriy ghatananche mishran jawaljawal serve mayaa rajwade kinwa pyramid sanrachananmadhye aadhalu shakate. chichen itza yetheel vastukaletil toltekcha motha prabhav dekhil lakshat yeil. toltekanni mayanvar aakraman kele aanee 1000 chya sumaras tyanchya sanskrutik paramparanche vilinikaran kele.
vedhshala.
mayaa heey utsuk khagolshastradnya hote aanee tyanni aakashiy vastoonchya tappyancha, visheshtah surya, shukra aanee chandra yancha nakasha tayar keela hota. anek mandiranmadhye aakashiy ghatananshi susangat darvaje aanee itar vaishishtye aahet. bahutekda kukulkanla samarpit goal mandire, bahudha aadhunik vidhvans tour-margdarshakanni bahudha "vedhshala" mhanoon varnan keleli aahet. tathapi, aata heey dnyat jhaale aahe qee vividh prakarchya aanee vaparatil anek imarati khagolshastriy aadharavar, mukhytah vishisht tarkhanvar suryoday aanee suryastakade kendrit hotya. nondavalelya tarkha chaar krushidrushtya mahattvapoorn hangamanmadhye kendrit aahet aanee dindarshika pranalichya prathamik kalkhandanchya gunankanni (13 aanee 20 divas) vibhakt kelya jaatat, asey soochit karate qee abhimukhata krishi aanee sambandhit aupcharik upkramanche yogya velapatrak sulabh karnyachya uddeshane nirikshan dindarshikecha vapar karnyas anumati dete. jaree bahutek mahattvachya mayaa imarati khagolshastriy nikashannusar kendrit hotya, taree tyanchi prathamik karye dharmik, nivasi kinwa prashasakeey hotee; tyamule konatyahi sanrachanatmak prakarala lagoo kelele 'vedhshala' heey label kvachitach aavashyak aahe.
baul court.
mesoamerican jivanshailicha eka avibhajya pailu mhanoon, tyanchya vidhibaddha bolgamesathiche court sampoorn mayaa kshetrat, anekada mothya pramanavar bandhale gele hote. balcourtchya khelanyachya gallya done lamb bhintinni paribhashit kelya gelya hotya. mayaa itihasachya aadhi bandhalelya darbaranchya bajoo utardar hotya, tarr nantar bandhalelya darbaranchya bajoo ubhya hotya (chichen itzapramane). varoon pahilyavar aakarache angan tayar karnyasathi anekada toke bandist kele jaat asat.
jevha mayaa balcourtmadhye khel khelayachi, tevha chendu ghan rabarapasoon banavala jaat asey aanee kadhikadhi tyacha vyas eka phoot itka asato. khelachya maidanachya viruddha tokanvar asalelya sanghanmadhye teey paar kele gele. aajchya football kinwa sockerpramanech kheladu keval gudghyanni kinwa nitambannich tyala maroo shakat hote. jevha virodhak chendu yogyaritya parat karnyat ayashasvi tharatat tevha guna midavata yetat. madhya mexicomadhye aanee yukatanmadhye uttaradhat, nyayalayachya bajuchya bhintinvar dagadi rings unchavar basavanyat aalya hotya. ringanatoon chendu fekane haah kheladusathi eka vishisht vijay manla jaat asey.
gumpha sthale.
mayansathi mahattvachi gumpha sthale dekhil aahet. mayaa guhanchya sthalanmadhye jolja guha, naaj tunich yetheel gumpha sthal, candaleria guha aanee jadutonyanchi guha yancha samavesh aahe. mayanmadhye guha nirmitichya dantkatha dekhil aahet. meksikotil chiapas dongral pradeshat kahee gumpha sthale ajunahi aadhunik mayaa vapartat. yapaiki kahee guha purnapane kinwa anshatah krutrim hotya.
sandarbh.
. oo 'coone, james aaa., 'mayaa tantradnyanachi haravaleli rahasye', newyork. vruttavahini, 2012