
communistanchya bandacha lashkari itihas

1520 teey 1521 yaa kalat pasarlelya communiros () chya bandatil lashkari sangharshachi suruvat shahari kamgaranchya jamavane sarkari adhikadhyanvar hallah kelyane jhaali, chhotya sainyanmadhye khalchya patalivaril ladhai jhaali aanee akheris mothya sankhyene sainya ladhai aanee vedha ghalat asalyache disale. samyavadi bandkhoranni madhyavarti rajvadyachya bahutansh bhagavar agadi lavkar niyantran midavale aanee september 1520 paryant shahee sainya astavyast jhaale. tathapi, samyavadi lokanni bahutansh jamindar kulinanna door kele aanee abhijatanchya vaiyaktik sainyane rajgharanyala balkat karnyat madat kelee. december 1520 madheel tordesilaschi ladhai bandkhoransathi eka motha dhakka tharel aanee april 1521 madhye vilalarchya ladhait communistanche sarvat mahattvache sainya nasht jhaale.
haah lekh bhaugolikdrushtya aanee nantar kalanukramikpane pratyek pradeshat mandanyat aala aahe. castilecha shipai admiralshi ekatra yenyasathi aanee vilalar yethe communerocha chendamenda karnyasathi bargomadhun baher padala, yacha eka pramukh apavad vagalata, rajgharanyatil lock pratyek bhagat samaan senapati aanee sainya rakhanyacha cull dakhvayache. samudayik netyanni kahee pramanat adhik pradeshanmadhye, visheshtah bishop akyunamadhye badal keela, parantu tarihi shevati pradeshik sainyadal kayam thewale.
yuddhatil sarvat mahattvachi ladhai, aanee jithe ladhai bahutek milicia bandwar hallah karnyaivaji sanghatit sainyane kelee hotee, tethe meseta-junya castillechya uttar-madhya bhagat bhag ghetala, jyamadhye valadolidchi rajdhani, donhi bajunchi tatpurati rajdhani tordesilas aanee castillechya edmiralcha balekilla, madeena dii rioseko yancha samavesh hota. yaa teen shaharanpaiki pratyek shahar atyant tatbandi asalele aanee maganiche hote. uttarekade bergos aanee basqa deshachya aaspasahi changli ladhai jhaali, jithe castilecha hawaldar bishop acunachya chhapyanviruddha aanee salvatiyerachya gananeviruddha ladhala. mesetacha dakshin bhag, naveen castile, haah samudayik aadharancha balekilla hota. sentchya shoorviranmadhil tyanchya mitranvar avalambun, rajgharanyatil lock yethe sainyachya margane farse tainat karoo shakale naheet. johnn aanee sthanik kullinverg, parantu yuddhatil kahee ullekhaneey ghatana tethe ghadalya. urvarit desh bahutek shant hotah dakshin kinanyavaril andalusia jawaljawal eksamanpane rajgharanyachya bajoone hota, jase qee extramadura aanee galicia.
lashkari sanghatana aanee rachana.
samudayik sainya.
samanyapane, tyanche sainya tayar karnyasathi, shaharanmadhun aanee shahari sainyakadun, communeroney tyanchi takad midavali. tyanni aakramakpane majee shahee rakshakanchihi bharati kelee, jeey qamee pagaramule sodoon gele hote, visheshtah aafriketil alikadil mohimantil majee sainik jase qee dajerba moheem. castilechi madhyavarti shahare tyanchya bajoone asalyane, nidhisathi konatihi mahagadi paradeshi guntagunt naslyamule aanee virodhi kulinanchi malmatta lutanyachi aanee punha midvanyachi pravrutti asalyamule, bandkhoranna changla nidhi midala hota.
tathapi, udatt pathimbyachya kamataratemule ghodadal shodhane katheen hote. yavyatirikt, shaharatil rahivashanna, jyanna samanya lokanni bharati kele hote, anekada shetkyambaddal khoop kautuk navhate aanee kahinni sakriyapane tyanchyakade tuchchh pahile. grameen bhag suruvatila jordarpane communero samarthak hota, parantu communero sainyachya vidhvansamule akheris tyanna kahee madat mojavi lagali.
samudayik sainya dekhil aatoon gatvadapasun aanee spasht senapatichya abhavapasun sangharsh karat hote. pratyek sainyadal samanyatah pratham aaplya mool shaharashi eknishth hote aanee keval parvanagi dilelya mukhya communero sainyasah kooch karat hote. jevha pedro gironla santa juntaekadun sainyacha senapati mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, tevha tyanni heey spasht kele qee too keval swatadvare bharati kelelya sainyavar aanee junteshi nigadit asalelya chhotya sainyavar thet niyantran thewel. niyukti gamavalyachya nishedharth juan dii padilane aapali toldo sainya mage ghetali. nantar jevha padilla heey padd swikarayala aala, tevha tyala vividh sainyadalanna tyachya magomag yenyasathi patvoon denyat yash aale, parantu heey tyachya adhikarapeksha tyachya lokpriyatemule adhik hote.
lutanyasathi aanee lutanyasathi naveen shahare aanee manor satat shodhanyachi garaj yamulehi samanya lokanna santh kinwa bachavatmak dhorane amalat aanane katheen jhaale. jevha jevha lashkarane eka jaagecha bachav keela aanee maghar ghetali, tevha kahee sainyadal anekada vegale houn gharee paratayache. yamule jhalelya nukasanachi bharpai karnyasathi naveen bharati aavashyak asel aanee tyamule lashkarala jevadha anubhav hota tyapeksha qamee anubhav hota.
rajvatichi seena.
rajgharanyatil sanrekhit sainyat done gut hoteh rajgharanyatil sainya, rajpratinidhinna uttar denare rashtriy sainya aanee sardaranchi swatantra seena. parkeey karj fednyasathi rajyatoon paise baher padalyamule sarkar suruvatila gondhalat adakale yache eka kaaran tyachya sampoorn khotyapanamule hote. shahee prashasana aanee tyamule tyachya sainyala sampoorn yuddhasathi nidhichya abhavamule tras sahan karava lagla. yuddhanantarhi, pakshantar kelelya kahee shahee rakshakanni rajala anusarananvar hasalyachi nond kelee, teey mhanale qee "jaree 'kamyunidad' tyanna darroj paise dett asale, taree tyanchya virodhakanna itake changle vetan milat navhate."navaremadhye frenchanviruddhachya nantarchya sangharshat, chaar mahinyancha paratava dene baakee asatana keval eka mahinyacha pagar midalyanantarhi sainyane bund kele.
rajgharanyatil sarvat mahattvache mitra heey jamindar kuleen hote, jyanchyapaiki anekanni, tyanchya viruddha shetkari bandkhoranna pathimba denare sardar pahilyanantar, raja charleschya pathishi aapali nishtha darshavali. tyanni lashkaridrushtya anubhavi senapati, shistabaddh sainya aanee mahagadya ghodadalanche eka shaktishali sanyojan deu kele. matra, teey dekhil avishvasaniy hote. anek kulinanche pahile dhyey tyanchya swatachya jaminiche rakshan karane aanee bandkhoricha padav karane heey hote, parantu tyanchi swatachi jameen gamavane heey nukasankarak tharel. tyamule, eka sanyukt sainya tayar karnyasathi rajpratinidhinna anekada udatt sainya ekatra aananyat adchan yet asey. udaharanarth, torradecillas yetheel vijayanantar, tyanna paise naan midalyane anek shahee rakshakanna barkhast karnyat aale aanee anek kuleen-niyantrit sainya tyanchya mool bhagat paratale, jyamule torradecillaschya sanrakshanala motha dhoka nirman jhaala aanee konatahi naveen hallah rokhala gela.
madeena dell campo jaalalyanantar, rajgharanyachya karanala lokanchya nakaratmak samajutishi sangharsh karava lagla. tyamule, grameen bhagala raag yeu naye mhanoon rajgharanyatil lokanni itaranpeksha barich jaast khabardari ghetali. bahutansh ladhayanmadhye, rajgharanyachya sainikanna utpannasathi tabyat ghetaleli shahare lutanyas manai hotee. yamule padavargat lakshaniy asantosh nirman jhaala aanee sainikanna qamee vetanachi samasya vadhali, parantu rajvatichya karanala lokanchya aanakhi tiraskarapasun vachavale. shahee sainyache senapatihi anavashyak atirikt sainya barkhast karnyasathi purese shoor hote. aprashikshit shetkari shulk heey yuddhbhumivar phaar prabhavi asanyachi shakyata navhati, parantu teey khanyasathi atirikt pett asel aanee shistabhangachya lootmarimule grameen bhag sahajpane dukhavale jaau shakate.
rajgharanyala nishtha hii eka atirikt chinta hotee. meseta shaharanmadhun navyane bharati jhalelya lokanchi atyant nishthavan asanyachi shakyata navhati aanee kadachit mahitihi galatee houu shakate. parinami, rajgharanyachya sainyane samanyatah atirikt sainyasathi uttarekadil garib galicianscha vapar keela.
andalusia dakshin kinarpatti.
sarvasadharanpane, yuddhadarmyan andalusia byanpaiki shant hota. yachee anek karane aahet. alikadech jinkalelya granada aanee tyachya moriscosechya hispanicisation prakalpat kulinanmadhye mothee guntavanuk jhaali hotee. sthairya rakhanyasathi ekjutine kaam karane sarkarsathi mahattvache hote; jarr aandalusiyatil kahee shahare 'communidades' madhye sameel jhaali aanee itar nahee, tarr spanish khrishchananmadhil yadavi yuddhamule moriskonmadhye bandkhori hoil. aarthik paristhitihi vegali hotee; spainchya paradeshi vyapar aanee vijayatoon sampatticha eka motha pravah kaay hoil yachee suruvat andalusiamadhye hott hotee. andalusiache kuleen ajunahi shaktishali asatana, serve vargansathi anek sandhee astitvat hotya. mesetamadhye, madhyamvargiy aanee khalchya varganni isabelachya kalat kahee kaal samruddhi chakhali hotee, parantu gelya vees varshant tyanche laabh qamee jhalele disale hote, jyamule kulinavargavar katuta pasarali aanee bandanna udhan aale. shivay, andalusiane done castilesmadhil sarkarmadhil badal haah tyancha chintecha vishay mhanoon pahila nahee. tyaa divasacha mand aanee qamee varanvar pravas hott asatana, aandalusiyatil kahinna fakt vatale qee yaa prakaranacha tyanna kahee sambandh nahee aanee jarr castilesna naveen sarkar havey asel jyacha andalusiavar konatahi parinam honar nahee.
andalusiachya uttares, kinanyapasun door dongaranmadhil shahare castileshy adhik jodaleli hotee. bandkhorichya suruvatichya tappyat jaine, ubeda aanee baiza yaa sarvanni 'communidades' laa pasanti dilee. ekada andalussian kulinanna yachee mahitee midali qee, tyanni rajasathi hii chhoti shahare punha midvanyasathi eka mothe sainya pathavale. granadacha capton-general, joou mondagercha markis aanee tendilacha count dekhil hota (tinhi padvi dharan karnari teech vyakti), tyane septembermadhye jaine punha midvanyasathi sumare 1,500 sainikanchya sainyache netrutva kele. tyane tethe 'kamyunidad' chya teen pramukh sadasyanna fashi dilee, itaranna marhan kelee aanee nantar urvarit shaharala maaf kele. murtia dekhil "communidades" madhye sameel jhaali, parantu akheris khoop nantar aanee baljabariaivaji munn valavoon shahee sainyakade parat aalee.
kinarpattivaril andalusiamadhye turalak asantosh hota, parantu bandkhoriche prayatna thodech jhaale. sevilemadhye done ullekhaneey prayatna jhaale, parantu tyapaiki ekamadhye farse kahee nishpann jhaale nahee. pahilya sanghache netrutva shaktishali pones kutumbatil sadasya juan dii figueroa yanni kele. ravivar, 16 september roji tyane 'kamyunidad' ghoshit kele aanee sevhilchya halakya tatbandi asalelya alkajarcha taba ghetala. dusya divashi pratispardhi guzmann kutumbatil sadasya asalelya madeena-sidoniachya dukeney bandala twarit chiradoon takale aanee figueroa kirkol jakhami jhaala. hii ghatana eka tarunpanacha avivek mhanoon manali gelee aanee figeruane twarit kshama kelee, jyamule kahee itihaskaranni yaa prakaranala done bhandat kuleen gharanmadhye sattesathicha keval navintam kabja manale. nantarchya prayatnat, khalchya vargachya netrutvakhalil 'laa feria vaay pendon verde' ('jatra aanee hirwa zenda') yaa spashtikaranala pushti dete. teen divas chalalelya dangli dadapanyasathi donhi sabhagruhanchya kulinanni ekatra yeuun pahile bund konatya kuleen gharanyachi satta asel yabaddal adhik hote asey suchavale.
tyanchya upkramanmadhye samanvay sadhanyasathi, andalusiachya shaharanna rambla yethe tyanchi swatachi congress sthapan karanyachi sarkarkadoon parvanagi midali. tyanni 24 aktoobar 1520 roji tyachi vinanti kelee hotee aanee pratyakshat 20 janewari 1521 roji sabha bolavali hotee. rambla congressne shaharanna shahee sarkarkade parat jaanyacha sallah deela aanee morisco bund lavkar dadapanyachi garaj bhasalyas 4,000 payadal aanee 800 ghodadalanche lashkari dall tayar karnyasathi sanghatit kele. tarihi, rambla congressne mesetamadhil kahee rajgharanyala chintet takale, yuddh shahee sarkarchya virodhat gele pahije, tyamule andalusiala swatahla samanvayit karnyasathi aanee eka mhanoon dosh denyasathi eka sopee yantrana upalabdh hoil (mauriscola eka prarambh dett asalelya yadavi yuddhachya chinta door karane). castillechya naudalpramukhane raja charlesla lihile keeh
yuddh kadhihi shahee sarkarchya virodhat lakshaniyaritya valale nahee, tyamule naudalpramukhanchi bheeti lakshat aalee nahee. andalusianehi bandhutvachya bandat hastakshep karnyasathi sainya pathavale. auriolachi ladhai chiradoon jinkun, andalussian sainyane tethil bandkhoranviruddhachi laat badalanyas madat kelee.
june castyleh valadolid aanee mesetache kendra.
junya castilemadhye yuddhachya bahutansh mothya ladhaya jhalya. tordesila, valadolid aanee madeena dii riosekochya aaspascha bhag visheshtah ladhala gela-yuddhatil teen sarvat nirnayak ladhaya, tordesila, torrelobaton aanee villalar yaa serve yaa bhagat jhalya.
tordesilaschi ladhai.
november 1520 chya uttaradhat, donhi sainyanni madeena dii rioseko aanee tordesilas yanchyat sthan midavale aanee sangharsh apariharya hota. pedro gironchya netrutvakhali, communeroche sainya, juntachya aadeshanusar, madina dii riosekovar pudhe gele. gironne tyache mukhyalay vilabragima yethe sthapan kele, jeey keval rajgharanyatil sainyache shahar hote. itar samudayanshi sampark sadhanyasathi rajgharanyane jawalchya gavanvar kabja keela.
hii paristhiti 2 decemberparyant suru rahili, jevha gironne, shahee sainya tikoon raheel asey vatat, tyache sainya paschimekade vilalpando yaa chhotyasha shaharat halavale. dusya divashi shaharane pratikar naan karata aatmasamarpan kele aanee sainyane tyaa bhagatil malmatta lutanyas suruvat kelee. tathapi, yaa halchalimule, samudayane tordesilaskade jaanara marg purnapane asurakshit sodala. shahee sainyane yaa chukicha fayda uthavat 4 december roji ratri kooch kelee aanee dusya divashi tordesila tabyat ghetale. bandkhoranchi chhoti chhawani khachoon gelee.
tordesila japt kelyane ranee joanna gamavalelya aanee tichya vaidhatevaril davyasah, communerosathi eka gambhir parabhav jhaala. yavyatirikt, juntachya tera pratinidhinna turungat taknyat aale, matra itar paloon gele aanee paloon gele. bandkhoranmadhye manobal ghasarale aanee pedro gironne sainyachya sthanabaher kelelya davpechabaddal aanee tordesila punha midvanyacha kinwa madeena dii rioseko tabyat ghenyacha prayatna karnyat apayashi tharalyabaddal tyachyavar khoop santapajanak teeka karnyat aalee. gironla tyachya padacha rajinama dene bhag padale aanee too yuddhatoon maghar ghetala. juan dii padila heey toledokadun paratale aanee tyanna communero sainyache naveen capton-general mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale.
tordesilasmadhil vijayanantar, cardinal adrianla shahee tijorit nidhichi satat kamatarata aanee tyachya udatt mitranchya asthiratela samore jaave lagale. anek kuleen lock tyanchya sainyasah tyanchya pradeshat paratale, jenekarun teey suru asalelya shetkari bandanpasoon tyanche rakshan karoo shaktil. khajinyachi paristhiti itaki bighadali hotee qee kahee sainikanna paise naan midalyane tyanna sodave lagale. parinami, adrian, harochi ganana aanee naudalpramukh yanna tyanchya malkila balkati denyashivay farse kahee karata aale nahee aanee pudhe pudhe jaanyacha prayatna keela nahee.
torrelobatonchi ladhai.
shahee sainya sthir asatana, padila hallah karnyas nighala. 21 februwari 1521 roji torrelobatonla vedha ghalanyas suruvat jhaali. sankhyechya tulanet shaharane matra chaar divas virodh keela, kaaran tyachya bhinti hotya. gherav ghatalelya lokanna madat karnyachya prayatnat harochi ganana tyachya ghodadalasah tordesillasmadhun pudhe aalee, parantu tyane khoop qamee ghodadal aanale hote aanee tyane padila kinwa tyachya sainyashi samna keela nahee. 25 februwari roji, sainyachya javananni shaharat pravesh keela aanee sainikanna bakshis mhanoon mothya pramanat lutmarichi udhalpatti kelee. keval charchach vagalanyat aale. killyane aanakhi done divas pratikar keela. tyanantar serve rahivashanna fashi denyachi dhamki deuun killyane aatmasamarpan kele. bachavkartyanni killyachya aat ardha maal bajula thevanyacha karar keela, tyamule aanakhi lootmar talhata aalee.
padilachya apekshepramane, bandkhoranchya pragatichi chinta karat asatana torrelobatonmadhil vijayane bandkhor chhavanicha utsah unchavala. torrelobatonla gamavane talhanyasathi tyane kahihi kele nahee assa aarop kelyamule, sardarancha cardinal adrianvaril vishvas punha ekada hadarla. bandkhoranna rokhanyasathi aanee pudhe konatihi pragati talhanyasathi castillechya havaldarane tordesillas bhagat sainya pathvanyas suruvat kelee.
antarim yuktya.
bandkhoranmadhye navyane utsah asoonahi, tyancha fayda naan gheta kinwa naveen hallah naan karata valadolidjaval tyanchya jaagi rahanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. yamule pagar aanee naveen aadeshanchi vaat pahat thakoon anek sainik tyanchya mool samudayat paratale.
march 1521chya uttaradhat, rajgharanyatil bajunni tyanche sainya ekatra karnyasathi aanee bandkhorancha balekilla asalelya torrelobatonla dhamkavanyasathi halchali kelya. castillechya havaldarane tordesilasjaval naudalachya sainyachi bhet ghenyasathi bergoschya nairutyela aapale sainya (alikadech navarechya sanrakshanatun hastantarit jhalelya sainikansah) halavanyas suruvat kelee. madeena dii pomarchya vedhyat salvatierachya sainyachya samvaikalya-sanrekhit gananemule heey shakya jhaale; countchya sainyane purvi constable bargojchya sanrakshanasathi mothe sainya rakhanyas bhag padnyasathi puresa dhoka nirman keela hota. constableche sainya andaje 3,000 payadal, 600 ghodadal, 2 tofa, 2 pulvarin aanee 5 halakya tofkhanyanche tukade hote. tyachya sainyane palenciajavalachya besaril dii camposemadhye padey ghetali. darmyan, communeranni torrelobaton yethe tyanche sainya balkat kele, jeey communeranna aavadana peksha khoopach qamee surakshit hote. tyanchya sainyala parityagacha tras hott hota aanee rajgharanyatil tofkhanyanchya upasthitimule torrelobatoncha killa asurakshit hoil. tyanchyakade done dhoranatmak shakyata hotyah constable aanee edmiral yanna maidanavar asatana constablever hallah karoon tyanchya sainyala ekatra karnyapasoon rokhane, kinwa constablecha veg qamee karnyacha prayatna karnyasathi khalchya patalivaril trasdayak mohima. communistanni tase kele nahee aanee tyamule constable jawaljawal aniyantritpane jaau dile.
vilalarchi ladhai.
rajgharanyachya sainyachi pragati bandkhoranna maheet hotee. communist sainyacha senapati, juan dii padila yane aprilchya suruvatila sainyabal midvanyasathi torokade maghar ghenyacha vichar keela, parantu teey mage hutley. tyane 23 aprilchya pahateparyant aapala nirnay lambanivar takala, barach vel gamavala aanee rajgharanyala tyanchya sainyala penafloremadhye ekatra aanoo dile.
sanyukt rajgharanyatil sainyane communercha pathlag keela. punha ekada, rajgharanyala ghodadalat motha fayda jhaala, tyanchya sainyat 6,000 payadal aanee 2,400 ghodadal hote, jyat padilachya 7,000 payadal aanee 400 ghodadal hote. musaldhar pavsamule rajgharanyatil ghodadalapeksha padilachya payadalala adhik gatee midali aanee bandkhoranchya 1,000 shastrastranchya adim bandukancha vapar jawaljawal nirupayogi jhaala. padilala torochya sapeksh surakshitateparyant aanee vega dii valdetronkochya unchiparyant pohochanyachi aasha hotee, parantu tyache payadal khoop mand hote. tyane vilalar shaharat rajgharanyatil ghodadalashi yuddh kele. ghodadalachya hallyanni bandkhoranchi fauj vikhurali aanee ladhai hii kattal jhaali. andaje 500-1,000 bandkhoranchi jivitahani aanee anek parityag jhaale.
bandkhoriche teen sarvat mahattvache neteh juan dii padila, juan bravo aanee francisco maldonado yanna pakadanyat aale. dusya divashi sakali vilalarchya plazamadhye shahee kulinancha motha bhag upasthit asatana tyancha shirachhed karnyat aala. vilalar yetheel bandkhor sainyache avashesh vikhurale gele, kahinni toledojaval acunachya sainyat sameel honyacha prayatna keela aanee kahee portugalla paloon gele.
nervous.
meey mahinyachya suruvatila, eka mothya french/navaris sainyane pyreni olandun navarichya spanish-vyapt bhagavar hallah keela. jarr communero thoda jaast kaal tikoon rahile asate, tarr teey tyanna vachavu shakale asate, parantu aakramanachya veleparyant vilalarchi ladhai aadhich jhaali hotee. yuddh jinkanyachi sandhee milanyaivaji, aakraman haah purvichya samanya shaharansathi sambhavya sudbuddhimule chintagrast houn french aanee navarisashi ladhanyasathi mothya tukadya pathavun tyanchi nishtha siddha karnyacha eka marg banala. aanakhi mothya castillion sainyane frenchanvar hallah keela aanee 30 juuna 1521 roji noanchya ladhait tyancha crush parabhav keela.