sandhiche bandhu

sandhee bandhu aanee company' hii eka kachechi kaame hotee jee moolatah englandmadhil smethvik, west midlands (purvi staffordshiremadhye) yetheel spon lenmadhye hotee. tee eka aaghadichi kachechi utpadak company aanee british kachechya nirmiti tantradnyanachi praneti hotee.
1822 madhye smethvikmadhye vyavasay suru karnyapurvi, 1822 madhye, midlands audhyogik madhyavarti bhagachya samoohatil birmingham aanee black country darmyan vasalelya, tyanni kushal kamgar, kalve aanee tyaa velee audhyogik paschim madhyabhagat hott asalelya anek pragaticha fayda ghetala.
tyachya jawaljawal done shatkanchya itihasat anek badalanmule companyvar parinam jhaala, jee aata khajgikaran jhaali aahe, aanee tichya eka chhotya sahayyak karkhanyat, warcestershirechya malvernmadhil eka vishesh audhyogik kaach utpadak, yogayog kaach limited mhanoon kaam karat aahe. yaa pradeshavar companycha samajik aanee aarthik parinam haah varsa lottery nidhidware prayojit prakalpacha vishay aahe.
itihas.
19 weey shatak.
lucas' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya robbert lucas chaunchne (8 aktoobar 1782-7 march 1865) november 1822 madhye spon lenmadhye british kraun glass companychi kaame vikat ghetali. companyne kraun vindo glass banavanyat vishesh kaushalya prapt kele. company adchanimadhye padali aanee 1832 madhye, gret charles street, birmingham yethe lokhandi ghatak vyavasayachya malkicha, yogayogacha bhau, william (29 august 1788-8 februwari 1856) yachya guntavanukidware, tyachya astitwala hummy denyat aalee. 1836 madhye hartley bandhunsobatchi bhagidari visarjit jhalyanantar, lucas aanee william sandhee yaa vyavasayat bhagidar banale, jyache naav badaloon 'sandhee bandhu aanee company' asey karnyat aale.
europemadhye nall prakriya paar paar kachechya sarvat suruvatichya kamanpaiki eka mhanje 'sanyog bandhu' hote aanee company 'mhanoon olakhali jaau lagali... brittenmadhil sarvat motha kachecha utpadak."1832 madhye, french aanee belgian kamgarancha vapar karoon tyane pahila british cylinder phugalela sheet glass tayar keela. 1839 madhye, platechya kacheche prushthbhag dalanyachya naveen prakriyeche paytant james timminchya sandhine ghetale. 1848 madhye, vedhshaletil durbinisathi uchch-achookata lenschya nirmitiche pranete, piyare louis ginand aanee joseph wonn fronhofer yanchya mrutyunantar steererche rahasy vikat ghetalelya, choizi-leey-roy yetheel french kachnirmate georges bontemps yanchya dekharekhikhali, deepgruh prakashshastra, durbini aanee aanee mukut aanee chakaki kaach tayar karnyasathi eka naveen prakalp ubharanyat aala. bontempsney heey rahasy aakasmik bhavansobat sanganyas sahmati darshavali aanee tyanchyabarobar sahaa varshe sahkarya karnyasathi englandmadhye rahile. brittenmadhil fakt teen itar kampanyanni ashach prakare kaach tayar kele, seent hellensche pilkington, sunderlandchya hartley aanee nucasalche cookson. cookson darmyan, aakasmik bandhu hii patrak kaach tayar karnyasathi nall paddhaticha avalamb karnari pahili company bunley aanee khidaki aanee plate kaach aanee optical chashmyanchi sarvat mothee british utpadak bunley.
itar aakasmik bandhunchya prakalpanmadhye prakalpanmadhye mothe pradarshan thevanyasathi sphatik rajwada aanee sansadechi ghare (bandhaleli 1840-1860) chamkavane samavisht hote. tyaa velee westminster ghadyal ghadyal chaar bajunsathi opal kaach banvinyas saksham asaleli hii ekmev company hotee, jyat prasiddha ghanta, bigg baine aahe. americetil white hausachya sajavatichya khidakya dekhil tithe banavanyat aalya hotya. itar utpadananmadhye rangeet kachechya khidakya, sajavatichya divyanchya chhata, sukshmadarshak kachechya slides, rangavalelya kachechya vastoo, kachechya nall aanee vishesh prakarchya kachecha samavesh hota.
tyanni kregg durbinisathi 24 inch (62 centimeter) flint glass lains tayar keela. french lains karagir george bontempsney yaa prakalpat madat kelee, joou tyaa divasasathi eka khoop motha lains hota. tyanni keval lenscha eka bhag banavala joou eka double hota, thams plate glass companyne dusra bhag banavala.
1870 madhye, yogayogane bandhavanni somersetmadhil nilesy kachechi ayashasvi kaame haatee ghetali, parantu kolshachya purvathyatil samasyanmule too vyavasay bund jhaala.
american paropkari aanee samajik karyakarte elihu buritt (1810-1879) yanni ekada sandhibaddal mhatale hote, "yaa afat kamanmadhye kachecha kitee upayog hoto yachee itaki purn kalpana jagatil itar konatyahi aasthapanet konalahi miloo shakat nahee."
1900 madhye william chauncha natoo james teaming sandhicha (22 march 1814-6 janewari 1902), jyane 1771 madhye kautumbik vyavasay suru keela hota, tyachyasathi eka baronetcy tayar karnyat aalee. 1889 madhye nivrutt hoiparyant james heey sandhee bhavanche pramukh banale, jevha company eka sarvajanik company bunley aanee tyache naav badaloon 'sandhee bandhu aanee sahkari' asey karnyat aale. ell. tii. dii. ". surr james chaunch heey pahile baronet hote.
20 weey shatak.
pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan, shastrastra mantralayachya optical munition aanee glass vibhagachya bhagidarit companycha lakshaniy vistar jhaala 
hote shatkachya suruvatila, aakasmik bandhunno, kaach banavanyache anek naveen marg vikasit jhaale, jase qee radar shodhanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya cathode reey tubeche navinyapurn welding.
1933 madhye, hii company switzerlandmadhil jangfrau yaa parvatachya mathyavaril anukool deepgruh prakashshastracha vapar karoon mangal grahavareel konatyahi buddhiman jivanashi sampark sadhanyachya prayatnat sahbhagi asalyache sanganyat aale.
chaunchi' neey kachechya kachechya tablewarela dekhil lokpriy kele, jyat prasiddha swarl pattern (1955) aanee leesa (1951), nite skye (1957), green leafs (1958), calypto (1959) yasah anek navinyapurn designscha samavesh hota, jyat 1965 pasoon animones fulanche chitran hote.
karoon mahayuddhachya kalat, company suruvatichya radar sanchansathi cathode reey tubechya utpadanat guntaleli hotee, jee darr aathvadyala 7,000 paryant hote. 1943 madhye, yuddh kalakaranchya sallagar samitee, wackney, asha kalakrutinche dhwanimudran karnari chitre rangavanyasathi kalakar mervin peak yanna niyukt kele.
pilkington bandhunni 1945 madhye 50 takke bhagbhandaval midavale parantu sandhiche operation mothya pramanat swatantrapane vyavasthapit kele jaat rahile aanee 1947 madhye prayogshalechya kachamadhye visheshikaran karnyasathi malvern, warcestershire yethe eka karkhana sthapan karnyat aala jithe operationcha samavesh shastra-lambichi upakampani mhanoon karnyat aala. 1948 madhye malvern prakalpane jagatil pahili adlabadal karnyayogya syringe tayar kelee. kelee akheris pilkingtonne yogayog bandhunche sampoorn aarthik niyantran sweekarle hote, parantu parantu dashakachya madhyaparyant teey tyanchya vyavasthapanat sakriyapane sahbhagi navhate. 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat jevha plasticchya disposable sirinjane kacheche visthapan kele, tevha tyachya achook boar utpadanachi shreni vaividhyapurn jhaali.
1976 madhye smethvik yethe sapat kacheche utpadan thambale. urvarit kaame 1981 madhye bund jhaali aanee smethvik yethe 150 varshanhun adhik kaal kacheche utpadan sampale aanee serve sapat kacheche utpadan pilkingtonchya seent hellens karkhanyanni shoshale. urvarit kachechya nalichi prakriya, visheshtah syringe aanee prayogshaletil kachechya vastunche utpadan, malvern prakalpat halavanyat aale.
1992 madhye, pilkington yetheel tarkshuddhikaranachya kalat, vyavasthapan kharedi-aaootane malvarnmadhil sandhee prakalp khajgi malkikade valavala aanee tee eka swatantra company bunley, tiche nondanikrut naav badaloon sandhee kaach maryadit kele, parantu aitihasik sandhicha logo kayam thewala. tevhapasoon companyne utpadane aanee prakriyanchi aapali shreni vikasit karane suru thewale aahe aanee aata seva seva kshetranmadhye aushadhanirman, rasayanik, mapanshastra, electronics aanee prakash udhyogancha samavesh aahe.
tantradnyan.
deepgruhe.
1851 pasoon, yogayog bandhu hii eka pramukh deepgruh abhiyantriki company bunley, jee jagbharatil dipgruhansathi optical ghatak, yantrasamagri aanee itar upkarananchi nirmiti karat hotee. james timminne upalabdh prakash utpadan vadhavanyasathi fresnell lensney vedhalelya pinjaryat deepgruh dive thevanyacha pudhakar ghetala; prakashshastra mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya pinjaryanni dipgruhachya rachnet kranti ghadavun aanali. yogayog bandhunkadun aanakhi eka mahattvacha navkalpana mhanje mhanje prakashshastracha parichay, jyamule lagatchya deepgruhanna pratyek paribhramanat prakash kitee vela chamakato hyane ekmekanpasun vegale karata yete. prasiddha ingraji bhautikshastradnya aanee abhiyanta johnn hopkinson yanni yogayog bandhunmadhye karyarat asatana yaa pranalicha shodh lavala.
gundalalela plate kaach.
gundallelya platechya kachecha vikas heey sandhiche eka pramukh yogdan hote. hote shatkat, gundallelya pattyacha kaach haah companychya kamkajacha mukhya aadhar banala.
ghadyalache chehare.
elizabeth towerchya ghadyalachya ghadyalachya german opal kaach, sansadechya sabhagruhachya westminsterchya rajvadyache (mothe baine asalele) karoon mahayuddhadarmyan luftwaff bombmule nuksan jhaale hote. kharab jhalele kacheche tukade badalane aavashyak hote, parantu rangatil farkamule serve kachechi jaaga ghenyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. aakasmik bandhunni badalalelya kachechi jaaga opal kaach ghetali.
motha kaach.
1848 chya sumaras, devenshirechya dukeschya chatsworth eastatevar joseph paxtonkadoon mothya haritgruhasathi ordersathi upay shodhanyacha parinam mhanoon vikasit kelelya tantradnyananusar, vindo glassche khoop lamb tukade tayar tayar pahilya kampanyanpaiki eka, sandhee hotee. yamule 1851 madhye sphatik rajwadyala chamkavanyacha karar jhaala aanee tyamule joseph paxtonla nitechi padvi midali.
atinil.
surr william crooks yanchya tantradnyanavar aadharit, pardarshakta rakhtana suryapasoon suryapasoon hanikarak atinil kirananche avarodhan karnyasathi sarvat suruvatichya optical lensasathi kacheche utpadan paripoorn karnyasathi yogayog bandhu jababdar hote. 1960 chya dashkaparyant 'crook' heey vyapari naav vaparane chaloo thewale.
cathode kiran nalya.
dusare mahayuddha suru honyapurvich cathode reey tube (see. aar. tii. ess.) vikasit jhalya. pirexsarkhach borosilicate kaach asalelya "hysil" kachancha vapar karoon, karoon mahayuddhadarmyan cathode reey tube tayar karnyasathi naveen paddhati vikasit karnyat sandhicha motha vaataa hota, jeey see. aar. tii. television screenche purvavarti hote. tyaa velee nalya radar shodh pradarshanasathi vaparlya jaat hotya.
achook boar tube.
yogayog brojne 1950 chya dashakat veridia yaa vyapari navane achook boar kachechya nalika vikasit kelya.
varsa sthal.
kachechi kaame birmingham kalvyachya junya mukhya margachya aanee naveen mukhya margachya kalvyanchya darmyan spon lenchya kulyanjaval aahet aanee bii. see. aine. naveen mukhya margavaril anek shreni II soochibaddha godame aanee sanlagn kalvyache pool aahet. hii kaame smethvik shikhar-galton valley sanwardhan kshetrat aahet. west smethvik parkmadhye james tmingscha eka bhagidar, tyache eka soochibaddha smarak aahe.
yogayog bandhu limited sangrah.
aakasmik bandhu limitedche sangrah sandwell samuday itihas aanee sangrah sevemadhye thewale jaatat. birmingham vidyapithachya cadbury sanshodhan granthalayat atirikt shodhanibandh thewale jaatat.

