
morphometrics

morphometrics (greek shabd 'morph', 'aakar, swaroop' aanee-'metriya', 'mapan' pasoon) kinwa morphometry mhanje aakar aanee aakar yancha samavesh asalelya swarupachya parimanatmak vishleshanacha sandarbh dete. aakarmapi vishleshan samanyatah jivanvar kele jaate aanee tyanchya jivashma nondiche vishleshan karnyasathi, aakaravaril utparivartanancha prabhav, swarupatil vikasatmak badal, paryavaraniy ghatak aanee aakar yanchyatil sahavividhata, tasech aakarachya parimanatmak-aanuvanshik mapdandancha andaj ghenyasathi upayukt aahet. utkrantichya mahatva asalelya vaishishtyache praman nishchit karnyasathi aanee aakaratil badal shodhun, tyanchya ontogeny, karya kinwa utkranti sambandhambaddal kahitari anuman lavnyasathi morphometricscha vapar keela jaau shakato. aakarmanavar parinam karananya ghatakanvishayichya gruhitkanchi sankhyikeey chachani karane haah aakarmapicha eka pramukh uddesh aahe.
"vyapak arthane, 'morphometrics' chaa vapar mendusarkhya avyavanchya kahee bhagancha achookpane shodh ghenyasathi aanee itar goshtinchya aakaranche varnan karnyasathi dekhil keela jaato.
form.
teen samanya paddhati samanyatah vegalya kelya jaatatah paramparik aakarmapi, aitihasik-aadharit aakarmapi aanee ruparesha-aadharit aakarmapi.
"paramparik" morphometrics.
paramparik aakarmapi lambi, rundi, vastuman, coone, gunottar aanee kshetrache vishleshan karate. sarvasadharanpane, paramparik aakarmapi mahitee hii aakarache mojmap asate. aakarache anek mojmap vaparnyat eka kamatarata mhanje bahutek parasparsambandhit asateel; parinami, anek mojmap asoonahi kahee swatantra chull aahet. udaharanarth, tbiachi lambi hii feamerchya lambinusar aanee hemorous aanee alnachya lambinusar aanee agadi dokyachya mojmapannusar dekhil badalel. vadhichya abhyasat, jevha ektar paripoorn kinwa sapeksh aakar vishesh swarasyapoorn asatat, tevha paramparik aakarmapi mahitee upayogi padate. jevha aakarache mojmap saiddhantikdrushtya mahattvache asate, jase qee sharirache vastuman aanee avayavanche cross-sectional kshetra aanee karyatmak aakarshastrachya abhyasat lambi, tevha dekhil hii mahitee upayukt tharate. tathapi, yaa mojamapanna eka mahattvachi maryada aaheh tyamadhye sampoorn jivanmadhye aakaratil badalanchya avkashiy vitaranabaddal farach qamee mahitee asate. vishisht pradushakancha ekhadya vyaktivar kitee parinam jhaala aahe heey tharvatana dekhil teey upayukt tharatat. yaa nirdeshankanmadhye hepatosomatic nirdeshank, gonadosomatic nirdeshank aanee sthitee ghatakancha dekhil samavesh aahe (shakumbila, 2014).
aitihasik-aadharit bhaumitik aakarmapi.
aitihasik-aadharit bhaumitik aakarmapimadhye, paramparik aakarmapimadhye gahal jhaleli avkashiy mahitee mahitimadhye samavisht asate, kaaran mahitee hii khuna nirdeshankanchi aaheh swatantra sharirik sthan jeey vishleshanatil serve vyaktinmadhye vadatitpane "samaroop" aahet (i.eae. abhyasatil pratyek namunyatil teey "samaan" bindu manale jaau shakatat). udaharanarth, jethe done vishisht shivane chhedatat, tasech kitkanchya pankhanvaril kinwa panavaril shiranmadhil chhed, kinwa foramina, jyamadhye sheera aanee raktavahinya jaatat asha lahan chhidre, hii eka mahattvachi khoon aahe. aitihasik-aadharit abhyasanni paramparikpane 2dii detache vishleshan kele aahe, parantu 3dii imaging tantranchya vadhatya uplabdhatesaha, datansarkhya lahan sanrachanansathihi 3dii vishleshan adhik vyavharya hott aahe. jivashma kinwa sahajpane kharab jhalelya namunyansah kaam kartana aakarache sarvasamaveshak varnan pradan karnyasathi pureshi khuna shodhane katheen asoo shakate. yache kaaran asey qee serve khuna serve namunyanmadhye asane aavashyak aahe, jaree haravalelya khuna nirdeshankancha andaj lavala jaau shakato. pratyek vyaktisathichya mahitimadhye khuna 'sanrachane' madhye asatat.
khuna teen manyataprapt shreni aahet. "prakar 1 khuna" sthanik patalivar paribhashit kelya jaatat, i.eae. tyaa binduchya jawal asalelya sanrachananchya drushtine; udaharanarth, teen shivananmadhil chhed kinwa kitkanchya pankhanvaril shiranmadhil chhed sthanik patalivar paribhashit kele jaatat aanee serve bajunni uutinni vedhalele asatat. "yaulat, 'prakar 3' hii khuna, khuna pasoon door asalelya bindunchya drushtine paribhashit kelee jaate aanee byavachada dusya bindupasoon 'sarvat door' asalelya binduchya drushtine paribhashit kelee jaate. "prakar 2 khuna" madhyavarti aahet; yaa shrenimadhye toke rachana kinwa sthanik kiman aanee vakratechya kamal asha binduncha samavesh aahe. tyanchi vyakhya sthanik vaishishtyanchya drushtine kelee jaate, parantu tyaa serve bajunni vedhalelya nasatat. khuna vyatirikt, 'ardh-bhoo-khuna' aahet, jyachi vakrareshevaril sthitee aniyantrit aahe parantu jee done kinwa teen parimananmadhye vakratebaddal mahitee pradan karate.
procrustess-aadharit bhaumitik aakarmapi.
aakarabaddal nasaleli mahitee kadhoon aakarache vishleshan suru hote. vyakhyenusar, anuvad, scaling kinwa roteshandware aakar badalat nahee. asha prakare, aakaranchi tulana karnyasathi, aakar nasaleli mahitee khuna nirdeshankanmadhun kadhoon takali jaate. yaa teen shastrakriya karnyasathi ekapeksha jaast marg aahet. eka paddhat mhanje done bindunche nirdeshank (0,0) aanee (0,1) asey nishchit karane, jeey baselineche done toke aahet. eka tappyat, aakaranche bhashantar ekach sthiteet kele jaate (tech done nirdeshank tyaa mulyanshi nishchit kele jaatat), aakar mojale jaatat (ekak baseline lambisathi) aanee aakar firavale jaatat. eka paryayi aanee pasantichi paddhat mhanje procrust superimposition. hii paddhat aakaranchya kendrabinduche (0,0) madhye bhashantar karate; kendrabinduche "x" nirdeshank heey khuna asalelya "x" nirdeshankanchi sarasari aahe aanee kendrabinduche "y" nirdeshank heey "y"-nirdeshankanchi sarasari aahe. aakar heey ekak kendrak aakaraparyant mojale jaatat, jeey kendrakasathichya pratyek simachinhachya samvardhit varg antarache vargamool aahe. sanrachana aanee sandarbh, samanyatah sarasari aakar yanchyatil vichalan qamee karnyasathi firavali jaate. ardh-khuna babatit, vakrareshevaril sthititil farak dekhil kadhoon takala jaato. aakarachi jaaga vakr asalyamule, jagela aakar denyasathi antaral sparshikevar aakar prakshepit karoon vishleshan kele jaate. sparshikechya jaaget, vividhateche bahubhinna vishleshan aanee bahubhinna pratigaman yasarkhya paramparik bahubhinna sankhyikeey paddhatincha vapar aakarabaddalchya sankhyikeey gruhitkanchi chachani ghenyasathi keela jaau shakato.
procrust-aadharit vishleshananna kahee maryada asatat. eka mhanje, ishtatam paribhraman shodhanyasathi procrust superimposition kiman-chauras nikash vaparte; parinami, ekach landmarkvar sthanbaddh kelele badal anekanmadhye jhakale jaatil. yala 'pinochio effect' mhanatat. dusare mhanje, adhiropan swatach khuna varr sahparivartancha namuna ladoo shakate. yavyatirikt, khuna aanee ardh-bhoo-khuna yanchyadvare tipali jaau shakat nasalelya konatyahi mahitiche vishleshan kele jaau shakat nahee, jyat kavatichi sarvat mothee rundi yasarkhya shastriy mojamapanchahi samavesh aahe. shivay, aitihasik mahitiche vishleshan karnyasathi paryayi drushtikonas prerit karananya procrust-aadharit paddhatinvar teeka kelee jaate.
difiomorphometry.
difiomorphometry heey difiomorphismover aadharit metrik sanrachanesah aakar aanee swarupanchya tulana karnyavar kendrit aahe aanee sanganakeey sharirshastrachya kshetrasathi madhyavarti aahe. 90 chya dashakat suru keleli bhinnarupiy nondani, aata mungya, dartel, rakshas, ell. dii. dii. emm. emm., stationerild. dii. emm. emm. yanchya bhovati aayojit vidyaman code bases eka mahattvacha kheladu aahe, hii viral vaishishtye aanee daat pratimanvar aadharit samanvay pranalinmadhye sanvad nirman karnyasathi sakriyapane vaparlya jaanarya sanganakeey sanketanchi udaharane aahet. voxel-aadharit aakarmapi (vhee. bii. emm.) heey yapaiki anek tattvanvar aadharit eka mahattvache tantradnyan aahe. defiomorphic pravahanvar aadharit paddhati vaparlya jaatat, udaharanarth, vikrutee hii sabhovatalachya jaagechi defiomorphism asoo shakate, parinami aakarachya tulanesathi ell. dii. dii. emm. emm. (mothya vikrutee defiomorphic metrik mapping) framework tayar hote. asha vikrutinvar sanganakeey sharirshastrache yogya aparivartaniy metrik aahe jeey sankuchit naan karata yenyajogya ularian pravahache metrik samanya karate parantu pravahachi gulgulitpana sunishchit karnyasathi sobolev manak samavisht karnyasathi, metricks aata hamiltonianchya bhinn swarupachya pravahachya niyantrananshi sambandhit paribhashit kele gele aahet.
ruparesha vishleshan.
ruparesheche vishleshan haah aakarache vishleshan karnyacha aanakhi eka marg aahe. rupareshechya vishleshanat jeey vegale karate teey mhanje ganiteey karyanche gunank rupareshechya namunyatil bindunshi julalele asatat. ruparesheche praman mojanyache anek marg aahet. bahupadi vakraresheshi julanari" ashee junie tantre"
aanee mukhya ghatak parimanatmak vishleshan done mukhya aadhunik drushtikonandware mage takale gele aaheth eigenshep vishleshan aanee dirghvruttakar forier vishleshan (eae. eff. aii.), hatane kinwa sanganak-shodhalelya rupareshancha vapar karoon. pahilya tappyat, ekhadya aakarachya rupareshebhovati samaan antarane purvanirdharit ardh-bhoo-chinhanchi sankhya basavane, ardh-bhoo-chinhapasoon ardh-bhoo-chinhakade pratyek payariche vichalan nondavane, tyaa payaricha coone object eka sadhe vartul asel. nantarche ruprekhela aakarachi nakkal karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya lambvartulanchya kiman sankhyechi berries mhanoon paribhashit karate.
donhi paddhatinmadhye tyanchya kamkuvatpana aahet; sarvat dhokadayak (aanee sahajpane maat karane) mhanje rupareshetil aavajachi tyanchi sanvedansheelata. tyachpramane, donhimadhye samaroop bindunchi tulana kelee jaat nahee aanee jaagtik badalala nehmich sthanik badalanpeksha (jyanche mothe jaivik parinam asoo shakatat) adhik mahatva dile jaate.
eigenshep vishleshanasathi pratyek namunyasathi samatulya prarambhik bindu nishchit karane aavashyak aahe, joou truticha srot asoo shakato
serve chull swatantra nasatat mhanoon eae. eff. aii. laa anavshyaktecha dekhil tras hoto. dusarikade, kendrabindu paribhashit naan karata tyanna jatil vakranvar lagoo karane shakya aahe; yamule sthan, aakar aanee firanyacha prabhav kadhoon takane khoop sope hote.
rupareshechya aakarmapichya kathit apayshanmadhye teey samaroop mool bindunchi tulana karat nahee aanee teey antargat badalancha vichar karnyapurte maryadit rahoon guntaguntichya aakaranche atee saralikaran karate. tasech, heey lambvartulanchya malikedware rupareshecha andaj lavoon karya karat asalyane, teey tokdar aakaranshi kharab prakare vyavhar karate.
ruparesha-aadharit paddhatinvar eka teeka ashee aahe qee teey samarupatekade durlaksh karatat-yaa durlakshache eka prasiddha udaharan mhanje scapulachi batatyachya chipshi tulana karanyachi ruparesha-aadharit paddhatinchi kshamata. ashee tulana jee jarr mahitee jaivikdrushtya samaroop bindunpurati maryadit asel tarr shakya honar nahee. tyaa tikela virodh karnara yuktivad assa aahe qee, jarr samarupata mahitichya anupasthitit jaivik gruhitkanchi chachani karnyasathi aakarmapichya aitihasik drushtikonancha vapar keela jaau shakato, tarr samaan prakarche abhyas saksham karnyasathi dosh-ruparesha-aadharit drushtikonancha vapar karane ayogya aahe.
deta vishleshan.
aakaravar parinam karananya ghatakanvishayichya sankhyikeey gruhitkanchi chachani ghenyasathi aanee tyanche parinam kalpana karnyasathi bahubhinna sankhyikeey paddhatincha vapar keela jaau shakato. mahititil bhinnatechya namunyanchi kalpana karnyasathi, mahitee samajoon ghenyajogi (qamee-aayami) swarupat qamee karane aavashyak aahe. mukhya ghatak vishleshan (pii. see. aii.) heey bhinnatecha saransh denyasathi samanyatah vaparale jaanare sadhan aahe. sopya shabdat sangayache tarr, tantra ekoon bhinnateche shakya titke kahee parimananmadhye prakshepan karate. udaharanasathi ujavikadil aakruti pahaa. pii. see. aii. plotwaryl pratyek aksh haah aakarachya chalanchya sahparivartan matrixcha eigenwector asato. pahilya akshamule namunyatil jastit jaast farak disun yeto, pudhil aksh pudhil marganche pratinidhitva karatat jyamadhye namune badaltat. yaa aakarmanatil namunyanchya samoohanicha namuna aakaratil samanata aanee farak darshavito, jeey jatijanya sambandh pratibimbit karoo shakatat. bhinnatechya namunyancha shodh ghenyabarobarach, aakaravar parinam karananya ghatakambaddal sankhyikeey gruhitkanchi chachani ghenyasathi aanee tyanchya parinamanchi kalpana karnyasathi bahubhinna sankhyikeey paddhatincha vapar keela jaau shakato, jaree yaa uddeshasathi pii. see. aii. chee aavashyakta nahee joparyant paddhatila bhinn-saha-bhinnatechya matrixla ulat karanyachi aavashyakta nasate.
aitihasik aakadevarimule loksankhyechya sadhananmadhil farak kinwa ekhadya vyaktiche loksankhyechya madhyamapasunache vichalan kiman done prakare drishyaman houu shakate. eka heey khuna asalelya vectorche chitran karate, jeey tyaa khuna itaranchya tulanet kitee mothya pramanat aanee konatya dishene visthapit jhalya aahet heey darshavtat. dusare patal plate splinedware farak darshavate, eka antarveshan karya jeey models 'chinhanchya' nirdeshankatil badalanchya detamadhun 'chinhandermyan badaltat. heey karya vikrut gridsarkhe disanare utpann karate; jethe tulanene lamb asalele pradesh, greed tanalele disel aanee jethe teey pradesh tulanene lahan asateel, tethe greed sankuchit disel.
paryavaran aanee utkrantivadi jivashastra.
1917 madhye dii 'arcy thompsonne suchavale qee anek vegvegalya prajatinmadhil aakar dekhil asha prakare sambandhit asoo shakatat. kavach aanee shinganchya babatit tyanni baryapaiki achook vishleshan kele... parantu tyane maase aanee kavatichi vividh chitrehi kadhali aanee assa yuktivad keela qee teey nirdeshankanchya vikrutindware sambandhit aahet.
aakarache vishleshan paryavaranshastra aanee utkrantivadi jivashastrat lavchikta, aakaratil utkrantivadi badal aanee utkrantivadi vikasatmak jivashastrat aakarachya auntogenichya utkranticha abhyas karnyasathi tasech vikasatmak sthirata, kalbahyata aanee modularitychya vikasatmak utpatticha abhyas karnyasathi mothya pramanat vaparale jaate. paryavaranshastra aanee utkrantivadi jivashastratil aakar vishleshanache itar anek upayog parichayatmak majkurat aadhalu shakatatah 
neuroimaging.
neuroemagingmadhye, sarvat samanya prakar mhanje voxel-aadharit morphometry, vikrutee-aadharit morphometry aanee menduchi prushthbhag-aadharit morphometry.
hadanchi histomorphometry.
hadachya histomorphometrymadhye hadansathi biopsycha namuna midvane aanee hadansathichya namunyanvar prayogshalet prakriya karane, hadachya vividh ghatkandware vyapalelya pramanbaddh pramanancha aanee prushthbhagancha andaj ghene samavisht aahe. pratham, atyant ekagra ethanol aanee acetonemadhe snan karoon hadey modale jaatat. tyanantar hadala antarbhut kele jaate aanee rangavale jaate jenekarun sukshmadarshakakhali tyache drushya/vishleshan kele jaau shakate. asthi biopsy trayfeen vaparoon hadansathi biopsy midvane purn kele jaate.
nondi.
 greek bhashepasunah 'morph', jyacha arth aakar kinwa roop aanee 'metron', mapan