lorenziniche empule

lorenziniche empula (ekvachan "empula") heey vidyutgrahak aahet, indriye vidyut kshetra shodhanyat saksham aahet. teey cartilaginus mashanchya (shark, kirane aanee chimera) tvachemadhye shleshmal-bharalelya chhidranche jaale tayar karatat aanee readfish, sturgeon aanee fuffusanchya mashansarkhya besal hadanchya mashanche jaale tayar karatat. teey suruvatichya prushthavanshiy pranyanchya yantrik sanvedanatmak parshva reshechya avayavanshi sambandhit aahet aanee tyatoon vikasit jhaale aahet. bahutek hadanche maase aanee jaminivaril prushthavanshiy pranyanni tyanche lorenziniche ampulle gamavale aahet.
itihas.
ampulanche varnan suruvatila marcello malpighi yanni kele hote aanee nantar 1679 madhye italian chikitsak aanee echitheologist stephano lorenzini yanni tyanche karya adnyat asale taree achook varnan dile. 20 vya shatkatil electrophysiological prayoganni tapman, yantrik daab aanee bahudha ksharata yabaddal sanvedansheelata darshavili. 1960 madhye vidyut kshetranchya sanvedanasathi vishesh receptor avyav mhanoon empulachi olakh patavanyat aalee. calcium-sakriy potassium vahinyanchya pahilya varnananpaiki eka skatemadhil lorenzinichya ampulachya abhyasavar aadharit hote.
utkranti.
lorenziniche empulay heey suruvatichya prushthavanshiy pranyanchya yantrik sanvedanatmak parshva reshechya avayavanshi sharirikdrushtya sambandhit aahet aanee tyatoon vikasit jhaale aahet. ampulacha vapar karoon nishkriy vidyutpratirodh haah prushthavanshiy pranyanmadhye eka purvajancha gunadharm aahe, mhanje too tyanchya shevatchya samaan purvajanmadhye upasthit hota. lorenziniche empula heey cartilaginus maase (shark, kirane aanee chimera), fuffusanche maase, bichir, coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish, jaleey salamander aanee cecilionmadhye aadhaltat. jaree anek gatanmadhye anupasthitiche purave apoorn aanee asamadhankarak asale, taree hadanche maase aanee tetrapod yanchya utkrantichya suruvatilach laurenziniche ampula nasht jhalyache disate.
shareer rachnashastra.
pratyek ampullah haah sanvedi peshincha eka bundle asato jyamadhye collegen aavaranatil sanvedi balbmadhye (endampul) anek majjatantu tantu asatat aanee jail bharalela kalwa (ampulengang) tvachetil chhidradvare prushthbhagavar ughadato. jail haah glycoprotein-aadharit padarth aahe jyachi pratikarakta samudrachya panyasarkhich aahe aanee ardhvahkasarkhe vidyut gunadharm aahet.
shark aanee kirananche naak aanee tond yanchya bhovtalchya tvachemadhye chhidre kendrit asatat, tasech agravarti anunasik flap, barbell, circumnarial fold aanee khalchya labial farromadhye kendrit asatat. kalvyacha aakar samanyatah pranyachya sharirachya aakarashi sambandhit asato parantu ampulanchi sankhya tashich rahate. lorenzinichya empullamadhil kalve chhidra kelele kinwa chhidra naan kelele asoo shakatat. chhidra nasalele kalve bahya dravachya halchalishi sanvad sadhat naheet parantu bahya kananmadhye hastakshep talhanyasathi sparshaksham receptor mhanoon karya karatat.
vidyut grahan.
ampula panyatil vidyut kshetra shodhate, kinwa adhik tantotantpane tvachechya chhidravaril voltage aanee vidyutgrahakachya peshinchya payathyashi asalelya voltagemadhil sambhavya farak shodhate.
sakaratmak chhidra uttejan vidyutgrahakachya peshinmadhun peshinmadhun majjatantunchya kriyakalapancha darr qamee karate, tarr nakaratmak chhidra uttejan darr vadhavate. pratyek ampulamadhye receptor peshincha ekach thurr asato, joou sahayyak peshindware vegala keela jaato. peshi heey chikat ghatt jodyanni jodalelya asatat jenekarun tyanchyat vidyutpravah galat nahee. receptor peshinchya epical facesche prushthbhagache kshetra lahan asate, jyamadhye voltage-aadharit calcium vahinyanche (jeey vidhruvikaranas chalana detat) aanee calcium-sakriy potassium vahinyanche (nantar punardhruvikaranasathi) uchch praman asate.
kalvyachya bhintila khoop jaast pratikar asalyamule, kalvyache chhidra aanee ampulamadhil serve voltage farak 50 micron-jaad receptor epitheliumvar takala jaato. receptor peshinchya besal membraincha pratikar qamee asalyamule, bahutek voltage uttejak epical facessvar sodale jaate jeey threasholdver tayar asatat. receptor peshinmadhye aatalya calciumcha pravah besal fesache vidhruvikaran karato, jyamule mothee kriya kshamata nirman hote, vidhruvikaranachi laat aanee tyanantar (majjatantu tantunpramane) punardhruvikaran hote. heey purvasanyojit calcium sodanyas aanee uttejak transmitterla sanlagn majjatantu tantunvar sodanyas chalana dete. heey tantu aadhalalelya vidyut kshetrachya aakaracha sanket mashanchya mendula detat.
ampulamadhye mothya vahakata calcium-sakriy potassium vahinya (bii. keey. vahinya) asatat. vidyutgrahak godya panyachya mashanpeksha shark heey vidyut kshetrasathi adhik sanvedanshil asatat aanee itar konatyahi pranyapeksha 5 aine. vhee./seey. mea. itaki qamee sanvedansheelata asalele asatat. ampula kalve bharnari collegen jailey, eka hydrogel, konatyahi jaivik samgrichya sarvoch proton chalakata kshamatanpaiki eka aahe. tyat 97 takke panyat keratan sulfate asate aanee tyachi chalakata sumare 1.8 mii. seey./seey. mea. aahe. serve prani snayunchya aakunchanamule vidyut kshetra tayar karatat; vidyut-grahansheel maase tyanchya shikarichya snayunchya aakunchananmule kamkuvat vidyut uttejana gheu shakatat.
sofishmadhye itar konatyahi cartilaginus mashanpeksha adhik ampulary chhidre asatat aanee teey vidyutpratirodhak tadnya manale jaatat.
sofishchya dokyavar lorenziniche ampula, tyanchya rostrumchya ventral aanee dorsal bajoo tyanchya gillsparyant aanee tyanchya sharirachya dorsal bajula asatat.
magnetoriception.
lorenziniche empula dekhil bhoo-chumbakeey mahitee prapt karnyachya kshamatet yogdan detat. chumbakeey aanee vidyut kshetre sambandhit asalyane, lorenzinichya empulemadhye vidyutchumbakiy preranadvare magnetoreception shakya aahe. anek cartilaginus maase tyanchi kshamata darshavitana, annachya bakshisanchya sahkaryane krutrimaritya tayar jhalelya chumbakeey kshetranna pratisad detat. magnetoreception shark aanee kirananche kathor sthalantarit namune tayar karanyachi aanee tyanche bhaugolik sthan olakhanyachi kshamata spasht karoo shakate.
tapman jaaniv.
2003 madhye nalikanmadhil shleshmalasarkha padarth kadachit thermoelectric semiconductor mhanoon karya karato, tapmanat honare badal vidyut sanketat rupantarit karato jyacha vapar prani tapman pravanata shodhanyasathi karoo shakato. 2007 chya eka abhyasat heey chukiche asalyache disun aale. prashna khula rahila aanee 2023 madhye assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee sharkmadhil lorenziniche empula 0.001 kelvin (eka anshacha eka hajarava bhag) tapmanatil farak shodhu shaktil. samaan tattva vaparoon krutrim sanvedak 0.01 kelvincha farak shodhanyat saksham aahe.

