
tuscanychi padayatra

tuscanychi kooch (;) hii madhyayugatil italiche rajya aanee pavitra roman samrajyachi kooch hotee. vayavya madhya italimadhye sthit asalelya yaa rajyachya dakshinela pope rajye, paschimela ligurian samudra aanee uttarela lombardy aahet. tyat mukhyatve arno nadichya khoyatil parganyancha sangrah hota, jeey moolatah lukkavar kendrit hote.
itihas.
hii kooch hii eka carolingian nirmiti hotee, jee tutiachya lombard duchycha uttaradhikari hotee. paschim roman samrajyachya patananantar, 568 pasoon tushiya haah lombardschya ("langobardia mejar") italian samrajyacha bhag hota, 754 madhye, frankish rajanni pope stephen dusra yachyashi sangharshat hastakshep keela. pepinchya dengimule, viterbochya aaspascha tuskiacha dakshin bhag navyane sthapan jhalelya pope rajyancha bhag banala, tarr charlesmenne shevati 773/74 madhye lombard rajya jinkalyanantar uttarekadil bhag (kinwa lombard tuscany) tuscanychya shahee morchat vikasit jhaala. lombardy yogya tuscany aanee veronachya morchans italichya shahee samrajyache kendrabindu banale.
pahila tuscan margrave pahila edalbert pahila hota, jyala 846 madhye hii padvi denyat aalee hotee. tyachya aadhi, tyache vadil aanee aajoba, lukkache count boniface pahila aanee boniface dusra, bahudha bavarian vanshache, yaa pradeshatil bahutek parganyanvar niyantran thevat hote aanee corsicache prefect kinwa lukkache duke yasarkhya uchch padavya dekhil dharan karat hote. bonifasine 931 paryant morcha kadhala. navvya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee dahavya shatkachya suruvatila, italicha raja honyachya konatyahi umedvarachya hetusathi tuscanychya margrevcha pathimba mahattvapoorn hota.
931 madhye, swatahla italicha raja banavalelya hugg auph arlesne, italichi serve mahattvachi jameen aaplya natevaikanchya hatat ektrit karnyachya prayatnat bonifasichi hakalpatti kelee. tyane tyacha bhau boso yala tuscany dilee. 1001 paryant teey bosonids mhanoon olakhalya jaananya kutumbatil sadasyanchya hatat rahile. shahee nivadnukambabatahi tyanni aapala prabhav kayam thewala. 1027 paryant, pavitra roman samrat conrad dusra yane tyala raja mhanoon virodh kelyabaddal rainierla padchyut kele.
1027 madhye duchy canosachya gananela denyat aalee. boniface III neey 'duke aanee margrave' hii padvi vaparali. too pavitra roman samratancha mitra hota, parantu tyachi shakti itaki mothee hotee qee tyane italitil samratanna dhamkavale. tyane canosa varsa, joou mukhytah emiliamadhye hota, too tuscanyla deela aanee too tyachi mulgi matilda hichyakade sopavala. tichya vishal emilian allods vyatirikt, tichya sarvat mothya malkichi tuscany hotee, jee saranjami kalat hotee aanee tine tee guntavanuk vivadat popchya fayadhyasathi vaparali. 1115 madhye matildachya mrutyunantar, uttar italimadhye saranjamdar rajkumaranche yug gele hote, jyachya jaagi shahar-rajye, sagari prajasattak aanee samudayanche varchasva aale.
tuscanyche margrave, 812-1197.
canosache ghar.
heey canosachya gananeche vanshaj hote.
gair-vanshavadi.
yanantar, tuscanyche florence, pisa, siena, arezo, pistoya aanee lukka yaa pratispardhi prajasattakanmadhye vibhajan jhaale. 14vya shatkapasoon, florencene pistoya (1306, adhikrutpane 1530 madhye jodale gele), arezo (1384), pisa (1406) aanee siena (1559) varr varchasva midavale. 19vya shatkatil napolean kalaparyant lukka heey swatantra prajasattak hote.