
kolshavar chalanare veej kendra

kolshavar chalanare veej kendra kinwa kolasa urja prakalp heey eka aushnik urja kendra aahe jeey veej nirmitisathi kolasa jaalate. jagbharat kolshavar chalanari 2,400 hoon adhik veej kendre aahet, jyanchi ekoon kshamata 2,000 gigawatpeksha jaast aahe. teey jagatil sumare eka trutiyansh veej nirman karatat, parantu anek aajaranna aanee sarvat lavkar mrutyula karanibhoot tharatat, pramukhyane vayoo pradushanamule.
kolshavar chalanare veej kendra haah jivashma indhan urja kendracha eka prakar aahe. kolasa samanyatah pighalavala jaato aanee nantar pighalalelya kolshavar chalana boilermadhe jaalala jaato. bhattichi ushnata boilerchya panyache vafemadhye rupantar karate, jee nantar generator firavnanya turbine firavanyasathi vaparali jaate. asha prakare kolshamadhye sathavalelya rasayanik urjeche uttariy urja, yantrik urja aanee shevati vidyut urjemadhye kramik rupantar hote.
kolshavar chalanari urja kendre darvarshi 10 abj tunn carbon dioxide utsarjit karatat, jeey jagatil haritgruh vayoo utsarjanachya sumare eka panchmansh aahe, tasech hawaman badalache sarvat mothe kaaran aahe. jagatil ekoon kolshavar chalana vijepaiki nimmyahoon adhik veej chinmadhye tayar hote. 2020 madhye europe aanee americet prakalpanchi ekoon sankhya qamee houu lagali kaaran teey ajunahi ashiyamadhye bandhale jaat asale taree, jawaljawal serve chinmadhye bandhale jaat aahet. kahee fayadeshir rahatat kaaran kolasa udhyogachya aarogya aanee paryavaraniy parinamanmule itar lokanna honara kharch nirmitichya kharchat kharch keela jaat nahee, parantu naveen prakalp adakoon padaleli malmatta honyacha dhoka aahe. sanyukt rashtranchya sarchitanisanni mhatale aahe qee, 2030 paryant kolshapasoon vijnirmiti karane bund karave aanee 2040 paryant urvarit jagane kolshavar avalambun asalelya kahee vegwan vikasansheel deshanpaiki vietnam heey eka aahe, jyanni 2040 chya dashkaparyant kinwa tyanantar shakya titkya lavkar kolashachi veej purnapane bund karnyache vachan dile aahe.
itihas.
pahili kolshavar chalanari veej kendre 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat bandhali gelee aanee thet pravah nirman karnyasathi paraspar injine vaparali gelee. 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila vafechya turbinemule barech mothe prakalp bandhale jaau lagale aanee vistrut kshetrasathi paryayi pravah vaparla gela.
kolashachi vahtook aanee vitaran.
mahamarg truck, railway, barge, kolasa jahaj kinwa kolasa slurry pipelinedware kolasa pohochavala jaato. utpadan kendre kadhikadhi khanisamor bandhali jaatat; visheshtah eka khaan kolasa, jase qee lignite, joou lamb pallyachya vahatukisathi puresa maulyavan nahee; tyamule conveyor belt kinwa mothya dizzell-electric-drive trakdware kolasa miloo shakato. unit train" navachi eka mothee kolasa gaadee 2 kiimii lamb asoo shakate, jyamadhye pratyeki sumare 100 tunn kolasa asalelya, ekoon 10,000 tanpeksha jaast bhaar asalelya, 130-140 gadya asoo shakatat. purn bharakhali asalelya mothya prakalpasathi darroj kiman eka kolasa puravatha itka motha asane aavashyak aahe. karkhanyanna divasala teen teey paach gadya miloo shakatat, visheshtah unhalyatil sarvat ushna kinwa hivalyatil sarvat thund mahinyant (sthanik havamananusar) jevha vijecha vapar jaast asato tevha.
aadhunik utaravanare rotarii dump upkarane vapartat, jyamule khalchya dump gadyanmadhye kolasa gothavanyachya samasya door hotat. utaravnanya vahanat eka railway sthanakacha haat asato joou pratyek gadila kolshachya hopperver thevanyasathi sampoorn gaadee khechato. dumper eka swatantra karla eka platformwar thokato, joou kolasa taknyasathi karla ulatya dishene sarkavato. qaar ajunahi ekatra jodalya asatana, firnare jodke sampoorn operation karnyas saksham karatat. unit train utarvayala sumare teen taas lagatat.
chhotya gadya 'air-dump' asalelya railwaygadya vaparu shakatat, jyaa enginechya havechya dabavar aanee pratyek gadivaril 'garam padatrane' varr avalambun asatat. heey "garam boot" jevha utaravanyachya treastlever "garam railway" chya samparkat yete, tevha air dump upkaranadvare vidyut charge karato aanee karchya talashi asalele darvaje ughadate, aanee treastlemadhye ughadyadvare kolasa fekate. yapaiki eka gaadee utarvayala eka taas teey deed taas lagato. june utaravanare ajunahi hatane chalavalya jaananya talashi-dump kelelya railway gadya aanee kolasa fekanyasathi jodalelya 'shekar' chaa vapar karoo shakatat.
kolasa (kolasa vahoon nenare malavahu jahaj) kolasa dharan karoo shakate aanee too utarvayala anek divas lagoo shakatat. kahee kolasa utpadak tyanchya swatachya bunker utaravanyasathi tyanchi swatachi vahtook upkarane gheuun jaatat; itar prakalpatil upkarnanvar avalambun asatat. nadya aanee talavasarkhya shant panyat kolshachya vahatukisathi, sapat-talashi asalelya nauka anekada vaparlya jaatat. nauka sahasa shaktiheen asatat aanee tyaa tugboat kinwa tobotindware halavalya pahijet.
prakalp suru karnyasathi kinwa sahayyak uddeshansathi, indhan teel dekhil vaparu shakato. pipeline, tanker, tank qaar kinwa trakdware indhan teel prakalpanna pohochavale jaau shakate. teel heey ubhya dandgolakar steelchya takyanmadhye sathavale jaate, jyanchi kshamata jaast asate. jaast judd kra. 5 "bunker" aanee nahee. thund havamanat pump karnyapurvi 6 indhanache samanyatah vaphene garam kele jaate.
operation.
aushnik urja kendracha eka prakar mhanoon, kolshavar chalanare urja kendra kolshamadhye sathavalelya rasayanik urjeche uttariy urja, yantrik urja aanee shevati vidyut urjemadhye rupantar karate. kolasa samanyatah pighalavala jaato aanee nantar pighalalelya kolshavar chalana boilermadhe jaalala jaato. jalatya pilavalalelya kolshatil ushnata boilerchya panyache vafet rupantar karate, jee nantar generator firavnanya turbine firavanyasathi vaparali jaate. itar prakarchya indhananna jaalanaa aushnik urja kendranchya tulanet kolshasathi vishisht indhan prakriya aanee rakh vilhewat lavane aavashyak aahe.
sumare 200 megawatt kshamatepeksha jaast kshamatechya unitsasathi, saktiche aanee prerit masuda pankhe, air preheater aanee fly aish sangrahak yanchya pratikruti basavoon pramukh ghatakanchi anavashyakta pradan kelee jaate. sumare 60 megawatchya kahee unitver, tyaeivaji prati unit done boiler dile jaau shakatat. shambhar sarvat mothee kolasa urja kendre aakarane 3,000 megawatt teey 6,700 megawatparyant aahet.
indhan prakriya.
khadbadit kolasa 5 centimeterpeksha qamee aakarache tukade karoon vaparnyasathi kolasa tayar keela jaato. tyanantar, tashi 4,000 tunn darane, vahak pattyandware, kolasa sathavan yardatoon prakalpatil sathavan kotharanmadhye pathavala jaato.
pulverised kolasa jaalanaa prakalpanmadhye, cylos heey pulverisersna (kolasa giranya) kolasa puravatat jeey mothe 5 centimeter tukade ghetat, tyanna talcum pavdarchya susangatatenusar dalatat, tyanchi kramvari lavtat aanee tyanna prathamik jwalan havemadhye misalatat, jeey kolasa boiler bhattimadhye vahoon netat aanee atirikt aadrata door karnyasathi kolasa aadhipasoon garam karatat. 500 emm. doubleu. eae. prakalpat asey sahaa pulveriser asoo shakatat, jyapaiki paach purn bharakhali bhattila tashi 250 tunn darane kolasa puravatha karoo shakatat.
jyaa vanaspatimadhye kolasa jalat nahee, tyaa vanaspatimadhye 5 centimeterche mothe tukade thet talgharat takale jaau shakatat, jeey nantar ektar yantrik vitarkanna, jeey kolasa travelling gretwar taktat kinwa chakrivadal berner, eka vishisht prakarcha jwalankarta, joou karyakshamatene indhanache mothe tukade jaalu shakato, tyanna puravatat.
boiler operation.
lignitesathi (tapkiri kolasa) tayar kelelya vanaspatincha vapar germany, victoriya, austreliya aanee uttar dakota yasarkhya vividh thikani keela jaato. kalya kolshapeksha lignite haah kolshacha khoopach tarun prakar aahe. kalya kolshapeksha tyachi urja ghanata qamee aahe aanee samatulya ushnata utpadanasathi khoop mothya bhattichi aavashyakta asate. asha kolshanmadhye 70 takkyanparyant paanee aanee rakh asoo shakate, jyamule bhattiche tapman qamee hote aanee mothya prerit-draft pankhyanchi aavashyakta asate. agnipracharachya pranalihi kalya kolshapeksha bhinn asatat aanee samanyatah bhatti-nirgaman patalivarun garam vayoo kadhatat aanee pankhe-prakarchya girnyanmadhye yenanya kolshamadhye misalatat jeey pilavalalela kolasa aanee garam vayoo mishran boilermadhe taktat.
rakh vilhewat.
rakh anekada rakh talavanmadhye sathavali jaate. jaree rakh talavancha vayoo pradushan niyantrananchya (jase qee ole scrubber) sanyogane vapar kelyane havetoon honanya pradushakanche praman qamee hote, taree yaa sanrachananmule aajubajuchya paryavaranasathi gambhir aarogya jokhim nirman hote. veej upayog kampanyanni anekada, visheshtah americet, jahajanshivay talav bandhale aahet aanee tyamule rakhatil rasayne bhujal aanee prushthbhagachya panyat galoo shakatat.
1990 chya dashakapasun, yuu. ess. madhye veej suvidha.ess. tyanchya anek naveen prakalpanchi rachana koradya rakh hatalani pranalinsah kelee aahe. koradya rakhchi vilhewat kacharapetit lavali jaate, jyat samanyatah jahaj aanee bhujal dekhrekh pranalicha samavesh asato. koradya rakhacha concrete, raste bandhanisathi sanrachanatmak bharane aanee grout yasarkhya utpadananmadhye dekhil punarvapar keela jaau shakato.
fly aish sangrah.
bhattichya nirgamsthanavar aanee prerit masuda pankhyasamor asalelya sthir vidyutprakshepak kinwa kapad pishavi filterdware (kinwa kadhikadhi donhi) fly aish pakadali jaate aanee flue vayupasoon kadhali jaate. avkshepak kinwa pishavi filterchya khalee asalelya sangrah hoppersmadhun fly aish veloveli kadhali jaate. samanyatah, fly eshh vayaviyaritya sathavanukit vahoon nele jaate aanee rakh talavanmadhye tyaa thikani sathavale jaate kinwa truck kinwa railway gadyandvare kacharapetimadhye nele jaate.
talavaril rakh gola karane aanee vilhewat lavane.
bhattichya talashi, talashi rakh gola karnyasathi eka hopper aahe. bhattitun khalee padnari rakh aanee clinker vizavanyasathi haah hopper panyane bharalela thewala jaato. clinker chiradoon chiraleli clinker aanee khalchi rakh hii jagevaril rakh talavanmadhye kinwa jagebaherchya kacharapetimadhye pohochavanyasathi vyavastha samavisht kelee jaate. nagarpalika ghanakchara-aadharit boilermadhun rakh sodanyasathi rakh kadhana sadhanancha vapar keela jaato.
lavchikta.
lavchikatesathi suu-rachana kelele urja dhoran, urja kayada aanee veej bajarpeth heey mahattvache aahet. tantrikdrushtya jaree kahee kolshavar chalana veej kendranchi lavchikta sudharali jaau shakate, taree bahutek vayuvar chalana veej prakalpanpeksha teey pathavata yenyajogi nirmiti qamee karoo shakatat. sarvat mahattvachi lavchikta mhanje qamee kiman bhaar, tathapi kahee lavchikta sudharana batteries akshay urjepeksha adhik mahag asoo shakatat.
kolasa urja nirmiti.
 jalalelya kolshapaiki done trutiyansh kolasa vijnirmitisathi aahe. 2020 madhye kolasa haah 34 takke vijasatha asalela sarvat motha vijasatha hota. 2020 madhye nimmyahoon adhik kolasa utpadan chinmadhye jhaale. chean, bharat aanee indoneshiyatil sumare 60 takke veej kolshapasoon milate.
2020 madhye jagbharat 2059 jee. doubleu. kolasa urja karyarat hotee, 50 jee. doubleu. karyanvit karnyat aalee aanee 25 jee. doubleu. bandhkam suru jhaale (yapaiki bahutansh teen chinmadhye); aanee 38 jee. doubleu. nivrutt (mukhytah america aanee eae. yuu.) jhaale.
karyakshamta.
karyakshamatechya vadhatya kramane kolshavar chalanare veej kendra 4 mukhya prakaranche aaheth up-nirnayak, atee-gambhir, atee-atee-gambhir aanee sahautpadan (jyala sanyukt ushnata aanee urja kinwa see. etch. pii. asehi mhanatat). up-nirnayak haah sarvat qamee karyaksham prakar aahe, tathapi alikadil navkalpananmule junya up-nirnayak vanaspatinna atee-nirnayak vanaspatinchya karyakshamatechi purtata karane kinwa tyahoon adhik karyakshamta midvane shakya jhaale aahe.
ekatmik gasification sanyukt chakr rachana.
ekatmik gasification sanyukt chakr (aay. jee. see. see.) heey kolasa urja nirmiti tantradnyan aahe jeey kolshala (kinwa itar carbon aadharit indhananna) dabyukt vayoo-sanshleshan vayumadhye (syngas) rupantarit karnyasathi uchch daab gasifiercha vapar karate. kolashache vayumadhye rupantar kelyane ektrit cycle generatorcha vapar karata yeto, jyamule samanyatah uchch karyakshamta prapt hote. aay. jee. see. see. prakriya veej nirmiti chakrachya aadhi syngassmadhun kahee pradushak kadhoon taknyas dekhil saksham karoo shakate. tathapi, paramparik kolshavar chalana veej kendranchya tulanet heey tantradnyan mahag aahe.
carbon dioxideche utsarjan.
kolasa pramukhyane carbon asalyane, kolshavar chalana urja kendranmadhye carbonchi tivrata jaast asate. itar urja strotanchya tulanet, kolasa urja kendre sarasarine prati unit veej nirmitisathi jaast haritgruh vayoo utsarjit karatat (urja strotanche jeevan-chakr haritgruh vayoo utsarjan dekhil pahaa). 2018 madhye kolasa jaalala gela aanee indhan jwalanatun ekoon 34 jee. tii. paiki 10 jee. tii. peksha jaast veej utsarjit jhaali (2018 sathee ekoon haritgruh vayoo utsarjan 55 jee. tii. eae. hote).
qamee karane.
tappyatappyane baher kadha.
2015 teey 2020 yaa kalat kolasa nirmiti jaree agadi qamee pramanat jhaali asali taree tyacha kahee bajaratil vaataa pawan aanee saur urja yanni ghetala. 2020 madhye keval chinane kolasa vijnirmiti vadhavali aanee jaagtik staravar tyat 4 takkyanni ghat jhaali. sanyukt rashtra mahasanchalakanni mhatale aahe qee, 2030 paryant kolshapasoon vijnirmiti karane oo. see. dii. deshanni thambavale pahije aanee 2040 paryant urvarit jagane, anyatha jaagtik tapmanwadh 1.5 ansh seey. paryant maryadit karane, parris kararache lakshya, atyant katheen asel. ashiyamadhye tappyatappyane bund karane heey eka aarthik aavhan asoo shakate kaaran tethil vanaspati tulanene tarun asatatah chinmadhye vanaspati bund karnyache saha-fayade tyachya sthananusar mothya pramanat badaltat.
amonia saha-golibar.
amoniyamadhye hydrogenchi ghanata jaast asate aanee hatalanyas sope asate. yacha vapar gass turbine veej nirmitimadhye carbon-mukt indhan sathavanyasathi keela jaau shakato aanee indhan mhanoon karbanaday oxideche utsarjan lakshaniyaritya qamee karnyas madat hote.
japanmadhye, mothya pramanavar vyavsayik kolshavar chalana prakalpat mothya pramanat amoniyavar saha-golibar karnyas saksham karnyasathi tantradnyan vikasit karnyasathi juuna 2021 madhye pahila motha chaar varshancha chachani prakalp suru karnyat aala. tathapi, qamee carbon hydrogen aanee amoniyala shashvat pathvanichi magani aahe, jee veej nirmitichya ulat, itar kahee swachchh paryay aahet.
rupantaran.
kahee veej kendranche jwalan vayoo, jaivbhar kinwa kachyat rupantar kele jaat aahe aanee 2023 madhye aushnik sathavanukit rupantar karanyachi chachani ghetali jaeel.
carbon capture.
2020 madhye chinmadhye carbon capture aanee sathavnukisaha kahee vidyaman kolshavar chalana urja kendranchi punarbandhani karnyacha vichar keela jaat hota, parantu heey khoop mahag aahe, urja utpadan qamee hote aanee kahee prakalpansathi tantrikdrushtya vyavharya nahee.
pradushan.
kahee deshanmadhye pradushan kahee pramanat upalabdh sarvottam tantrandware niyantrit kele jaate, udaharanarth european unionmadhil pradushan tyachya audhyogik utsarjan nirdeshandware. americet, kolshavar chalanare prakalp rashtriy staravar paaraa aanee vayoo vish manke (matts) niyaman, jaal pradushanasathi sandapani margdarshak tattvandvare aanee sansadhan sanwardhan aanee punarprapti kayadyantargat ghanakchara niyamandware (aar. see. aar. aii.) anek vayoo pradushan niyamandware niyantrit kele jaatat.
paschim balkan, bharat, russia aanee dakshin africa yasarkhya halakya pramanat niyantrit deshanmadhye kolshavar chalanari veej kendre pradushit hott rahatat; jyamule darvarshi eka lakhanhun adhik lavkar mrutyu hotat.
sthanik vayoo pradushan.
kann, sulfur dye auxide aanee nitrogen oxidemule aarogyas honare nuksan pramukhyane ashiyamadhye hote aanee bahutekda aadhunik flue vayoo upchar nasalelya vanaspatinmadhye lignaitsarkhya qamee darjachya kolshamule teey jalate. vayoo pradushanamule lavkar honare mrutyu prati jee. doubleu.-varsh 200 asalyacha andaj vartavala gela aahe, tathapi teey jethe scrubber vaparale jaat naheet asha veej prakalpanchya aaspas jaast asoo shakatat kinwa teey shaharanpasun door asalyas qamee asoo shakatat.
jaal pradushan.
kolshachya rakh sathavan talavatoon kinwa bhoojalatun bhoogarbhatil panyat galanare avjad dhatusarkhe pradushak kadachit anek dashake kinwa shatkanparyant paanee pradushit karatat. rakh talavatoon nadyanmadhye (kinwa itar prushthbhagavaril jalsrotanmadhye) utsarjit honanya pradushkanmadhye samanyatah arsenic, shise, paaraa, selenium, chromium aanee cademium yancha samavesh hoto.
kolshavar chalana urja prakalpanmadhun paryache utsarjan punha jaminivar aanee pavasat panyat padoo shakate aanee nantar jivanundware tyache methylmercurymadhye rupantar kele jaau shakate. jaiv-vadhidvare, haah paaraa nantar mashanmadhye dhokadayak uchch pataliparyant pohochu shakato. vatavaranatil ardhyahun adhik paaraa kolshavar chalana urja prakalpanmadhun yeto.
kolshavar chalanare veej prakalp sulfur dioxide aanee nitrogen dekhil utsarjit karatat. yaa utsarjanamule aaml paus padato, jyamule ann jaalyanchi punarrachana houu shakate aanee maase aanee aprushthavanshiy loksankhya kosaloo shakate.
sthanik pradushan qamee karane.
 aataparyant sarvadhik kolshavar chalanari veej kendre asalelya chinmadhil sthanik pradushan 2020 aanee 2030 chya dashakat aanakhi qamee honyacha andaj aahe, visheshtah jarr lahan aanee qamee karyakshamateche prakalp lavkar nivrutt jhaale.
arthshastra.
anudan.
kolasa urja prakalp heey bases loaded tantradnyan mhanoon kaam karatat, kaaran tyanchyakade upalabdhata ghatak jaast asatat aanee teey varr aanee khalee chadhane tulanene katheen aanee mahag asatat. tyamule, teey vastavik-velechya urja bajarpethanmadhye kharab kamgiri karatat, jithe teey sthanik kirkol kimmatitil badalanna pratisad deu shakat naheet. united statesmadhye, swast naisargik vayuchya aagmanachya prakashat heey visheshtah kharey tharale aahe, jeey greedvaril besalodachya bhoomikechya jaagi pathavata yenyajogya veej prakalpanmadhye indhan mhanoon kaam karoo shakate.
2020 madhye kolasa udyogala 18 abj americi dollarsche anudan denyat aale.
aarthik.
belt andd road initiative (brii) antargat chiinii banka sarvat mothe samarthak aahet.
kshamata ghatak.
bharatat kshamata ghatak 60 takkyanpeksha qamee aahet. 2020 madhye americetil kolshavar chalana veej kendranchi ekoon kshamata 40 takke hotee; mhanje, teey tyanchya sanchayi nameplate kshamatechya nimmyapeksha thode qamee pramanat karyarat hote.
adakaleli malmatta.
parris kararat namood kelyapramane jaagtik tapmanwadh 2 ansh celsiuschya agadi khalee maryadit asel tarr 2050 paryant kolasa prakalpat adakalelya 500 abj americi dollarspeksha jaast malmattecha andaj aahe, mukhytah chinmadhye. 2020 madhye, carbon trackerchya vicharane asey manale gele qee kolshavar chalanare 39 takke prakalp naveen nutanikaranaksham urja aanee sathavanukinpeksha aadhich mahag hote aanee 2025 paryant 73 takke asateel. chinchya sumare nimmya kolasa urja companyanna paise gamvave lagat aahet aanee junya aanee lahan urja prakalpanna "napha midvanyachi aasha nahee". bharat sambhavya adakalelya malmattanna anudan deuun tyanche kaam karat aahe.
rajkaran.
meey 2021 madhye, jee 7 neey kolshavar chalana veej kendransathicha pathimba varshabharat bund karnyas vachanbaddha kele.
chinmadhil kolasa aanee kolshaprakarani chinache urja dhoran heey kolshavar chalana urja kendranchya bhavishyatil sarvat mahattvache ghatak aahet, kaaran deshat anek urja kendre aahet. eka vishleshananusar, 2010 chya dashakachya madhyat sthanik adhikaanyaanee kolshavar chalana vijemadhye jaast guntavanuk kelee kaaran kendra sarkarne kamache taas sunishchit kele aanee vijechi ghauk kimmat nishchit kelee.
lokshahit kolasa urja guntavanuk paryavaraniy kuznet vakraresheche anusaran karate. kolshavishayiche bharatache urja dhoran haah bharatachya rajkaranatil eka muddah aahe.
nishedh.
khankam karananya thikani aanee prastavit naveen prakalpanchya thikani anekada nidarshane jhaali aahet.