panthay bund

panthe bund (1856-1873), jyala du venuxieu bund (tuu wein-hsue bund) asehi mhanatat, heey muslim hui lock aanee itar (muslim tasech bigger-muslim) vanshik gatanni, huichya netrutvakhalil bahu-vanshik ashantatechya latecha eka bhag mhanoon nairutya yunnan prantatil manchu-netrutvakhalil king rajvanshachya virodhat kelele bund hote.
panthay' heey naav eka bermi shabd aahe, joou 'pang seey' yaa shann shabdashi samaan asalyache mhatale jaate. chiinii prant yunnanmadhun karvansah bermanla aalelya chiinii muslimanna bermi lock jyaa navane sambodhat asat, tech heey naav hote. heey naav yunnanmadhyech vaparale gele navhate kinwa olakhale gele navhate. bandkhorine swatahla pingnan rajya asey sambodhale, jyacha arth shant dakshin rajya assa hoto.
karane.
chinchya shahee prashasanane hui lokanshi kelelya bhedbhavamule tyanche bund jhaale. jaree kahee srot asey suchavatat qee panthe bund heey keval 1853 madhye hahn aanee hui khaan kamgaranmadhil sangharsh mhanoon udbhavale hote, taree 1845 madhye hahn aanee king manchu teen divas chalavalelya hui hatyakandasaha anek dashakanpurvi hahn-hui tanav astitvat hota. hui aanee hahn yanna kingne done bhinn vanshik gut mhanoon manale aanee vargikrut kele, jyat hui heey keval dharmik vargikaran manale jaat navhate.
dharm aanee nitishastra yaa vishvakoshatil" khand 8 madhye asey mhatale aahe qee muslimanni kelele panthay bund heey islam aanee dharmamule jhaale yaa chukichya gruhitkaivaji vanshik vaimansya aanee vargayuddhamule suru jhaale hote.
1856 madhye, kunmingchya prantiy rajdhanit bund dadapanyasathi jababdar asalelya king manchu british aayojit kelelya muslimanchya hatyakandane prant-vyapi bahu-vanshik bandkhorila chalana dilee. paschim yunnanmadhil dally shaharat, eka swatantra rajya du venuxiu (1823-1872) yane sthapan kele hote, joou yongchangmadhye eka hahn chiinii kutumbat janmala hota, jyane islammadhye dharmantar kele hote. du venxiu haah tyachya hui navhe tarr tyachya aaee-vadilanpasoon vanshikdrushtya hahn hota, parantu too eka muslim mhanoon vadhala aanee tyane muslimandware bigger muslimanviruddha dharmik yuddh karnyaivaji manchu virodhi bund mhanoon tyachya bandkhoriche netrutva kele.
muslimavirodhi hatyakand suru karnara manchu adhikari shuksinga hota, jyala eka ghatanenantar muslimambaddal tivra dvesh nirman jhaala, jithe muslimanchya jamavane tyala nagna kele aanee jawaljawal thaar marle. tyane anek muslim bandkhoranna haloohaloo chiradoon thaar maranyache aadesh dile. tarik aline tyachya eka kadambarimadhye kadambarimadhye ghatanebaddal lihile aahe, jyat assa dawa keela aahe qee jyaa muslimanni shooksingchi jawaljawal hatya kelee hotee teey hui muslim navhate, parantu teey teey vanshache hote, parantu tarihi manchu british yaa ghatanesathi serve muslimanna doshi tharavale.
bandkhoranchi vichardhara.
haah uthav dharmik swarupacha navhata, kaaran muslimanmadhye bigger-muslim shaan aanee kakhya aanee itar dongral jamati sameel jhalya hotya. eka british british sangitale qee musalmananni dharmik karananmule bund kele nahee aanee tyanni asehi mhatale qee chiinii lock vegvegalya dharmambaddal sahishnu hote mhanoon tyanni islamchya prathet hastakshep karoon bund ghadavun aananyachi shakyata nahee. yavyatirikt, nishthavan muslim sainyane kingla bandkhor muslimanna chiradoon taknyas madat kelee.
du venuxiu haah hahn chiinii lokanviruddha bandkhori karat navhata, tyaeivaji tyala manchu sarkar uddhvast karayache hote kaaran too raja-virodhi hota. bandkhorichya kalat, sichuan aanee zejiangsarkhya bandkhor nasalelya prantantil hui yanni bandkhor hui aanee king sarkar yanchyat vataghati karnare mhanoon kaam kele. du venaksyuchya eka falkavar 'manchu kingla rajya karnyachya tyanchya aadeshapasun vanchit thewa' asey lihile hote aanee tyane hanla manchu rajya ulthavoon taknyachya aanee manchu lokanna chinmadhun baher kadhanyachya huichya prayatnat madat karnyache aavahan kele. duchya sainyane hahn chiinii, lii, baee aanee haanee yanchyasah anek bigger-muslim sainyache netrutva kele. du venaxiyune muslim hui aanee hahn yanchyat ekteche aavahan kele. teey mhanale hote qee, "aaplya sainyachi teen kaame aaheth manchu lokanna hakaloon dene, chiinii lokanshi ekatra yene aanee deshdrohi yanna hakaloon dene."
du venaxiyune huichya hatyakandasathi hanla dosh deela nahee, tyaeivaji tyane yaa hatyakandasathi manchu sarkarla doshi tharavale, teey mhanale qee manchu heey chinsathi paradeshi hote aanee tyanni chiinii aanee itar alpasankhyakanna door kele.
chean punha ekada chiinii rajvatikhali yenyasathi du venaxiyune sampoorn chinmadhun manchusachi sampoorn hakalpatti karnyache aavahan kele.
manchu rajvativiruddha sampoorn yuddh pukarle gele. itar bandkhor muslim senapati maa rulongchya ulat, du venuxune sharan yenyas nakar deela. yacha bandkhoranmadhye prachalit asalelya islamchya panthanshi kahitari sambandh asava. maa rulongchya netrutvakhalil gedimu hanafi sunni musalmananni sahajpane kingkade pakshantar kele, tarr jahria soofi musalmananni aatmasamarpan kele nahee. maa shenglinsarkhe panthe bandatil kahee jaharia bandkhor heey dungan bandkhor jaharia nete maa hualong yanchyashi sambandhit hote aanee tyanchyashi sampark sadhat hote.
manchu manchu huichi kattal kelyanantar bund suru jhaale. du yanni kingchya virodhat kelelya bandat manchuvirodhi vaktavyacha vapar keela, aanee 200 varshanchya tyanchya rajvatinantar manchu kingla ulthoon taknyasathi hanla huimadhye sameel honyache aavahan kele. du yanni sahkari hui muslim neta maa rulong yanna manchu kingla baher kadhanyasathi aanee "chean punarprapt karnyasathi" aaplyasobat yenyasathi aamantrit kele. manchu "dadapshahi" viruddhachya tyachya yuddhasathi, du "muslim nayak banala", tarr maa rulongane kingmadhye pakshantar kele. anek prasangi du venaksyuchya sainyane kunmingwar hallah keela aanee tyala barkhast kele. tyachi rajdhani dally hotee. bund 1873 madhye sampale. du venuxiula sadhyachya chean sarkarne nayak manale aahe.
du venaxiyune chiinii kapade ghatale aanee tyane tyachya rajvatit arabi bhashecha vapar karane anivarya kele. du yane dukarache maans khanyavarhi bandee ghatali. tyane sharanagati patkarlyanantar aanee king sainyat sameel jhalyanantar maa rulongne tyachya niyantranakhalil bhagat dukarache maans khanyavarhi bandee ghatali.
kunmingmadhye, 1856 madhye nyayik aayukt, jeey eka manchu hote, tyanchya preranene 3,000 muslimanchi kattal jhaali. dii venuxieu muslim asoonahi hahn chiinii vanshacha hota aanee tyane aaplya nagri aanee lashkari nokarshahimadhye hui muslim aanee hahn chiinii yaa doghanche netrutva kele. king maa rulongchya bajoone firnara dusra muslim neta, du venuxue yachyashi ladhala. nava-confucianism islamshi samet ghadavun aananyayogya asalyache sanganara muslim vidwan maa dexin yane maa rulongne kingmadhye pakshantar karnyas manyata dilee aanee tyane itar muslimannahi pakshantar karnyas madat kelee.
aadivasi murtipujak jivavad, confucianism aanee islam yaa sarvanna kayadeshir manyata denyat aalee aanee du venashyuchya saltanatit 'chiinii shailitil nokarshahi' deuun tyancha 'sanman' karnyat aala. saltanatichya lashkari padanpaiki eka trutiyansh hahn chiinii lokanni bharalya hotya, jyanni bahutansh nagri padahi bharale hote.
vataghati.
1858 madhye kingne yunnanla aamantrit kelelya zhejiang aanee sichuan hui muslimandware shantata vataghati jhalya aanee teey bandat sahbhagi navhate.
yuddhacha marg.
prantachya aksharshah pratyek pradeshat vyapak sthanik uthav mhanoon bund suru jhaale. du venaksyuchya netrutvakhalil paschim yunnanmadhil bandkhoranni 1856 madhye dalivar niyantran midvat (jeey tyanni 1872 madhye tyachya patanaparyant kayam thewale), king sarkarchya virodhatil pramukh lashkari aanee rajkiy kendra banale. tyanni tyancha rosh sthanik mandarinanvar valavala aanee shevati bijingmadhil kendra sarkarla aavhan dile.
samrajya vistarlelya samrajyachya vividh bhagantil anek samasyanmule shahee sarkar adthala banale, tyapaiki eka mhanje taiping bund. haah eka assa kaal hota jevha chean ajunahi nankingchya tahasarkhya asman kararanchya pahilya malikemule jhalelya dhakkyanna tond dett hota. yaa paristhitimule yunnanmadhil muslimanchya varchaswala anukulata midali.
dakshineche 'shant' rajya.
bandkhoranni dally shahar tabyat ghetale, jeey tyanchya karvaya karnyasathi aadhar banale aanee tyanni swatahla chinpasoon vegale rajkiy astitva ghoshit kele. bandkhoranni tyanchya deshachi olakh pingnan guo (ping-naan kuo) ashee kelee; tyancha neta suleiman ibn 'abd arr-rahman, jyala du venzieu [mool yang ziuu] mhanoon olakhale jaate (mrutyu 1873) yala' kaad jaami all-muslimin '(' muslimanchya samudayacha neta ', parantu sahasa paradeshi strotanmadhye sultan mhanoon sambodhale jaate) asey mhatale jaat asey aanee tyane 1856-26 december 1872 roji rajya kele.
1855 pasoon yunnanche hui heey mandarinandware tyanchyavar chinala dadapshahichya virodhat ubhe rahile hote. yaa adhikrut vargane sarvatra kelelya atyachar aanee khandanichya virodhat teey ubhe rahile, jyatoon tyanna vagalanyat aale hote. mandarinanni guptapane shrimant panthevar jamawala vethis dharale hote, huivirodhi dangli bhadkavalya hotya aanee tyanchya mashidincha vidhvans karnyas pravrutt kele hote. bund heey dharmik swarupache navhate, kaaran muslimansobat bigger-muslim shaan aanee kacheen lock aanee itar dongral jamati yaa bandat sameel jhalya hotya. eka british british saksh dilee qee musalmananni dharmik karananmule bund kele nahee aanee chiinii lock vegvegalya dharmambaddal sahishnu hote aanee islamchya aacharanat hastakshep karoon bund ghadavun aananyachi shakyata qamee hotee. yavyatirikt, nishthavan muslim sainyane kingla bandkhor muslimanna chiradoon taknyas madat kelee.
sthanik uthav mhanoon bund suru jhaale. yunnanmadhil linan gavatil chandichya khaninchya panthe majuranni kingchya virodhat aavaj uthavala. yunnanchya chiinii rajyapalane bijingmadhil kendra sarkarla tatadiche aavahan pathavale. samrajya vistarlelya samrajyachya vividh bhaganmadhye mothya pramanat udbhavalelya samasyanmule samrajya sarkar apangatvat hote.
tyanni shahee sainyachya uddhat hallyancha pratikar keela. tyanni ekapathopath eka mahattvache shahar shahee mandarinanchya hatatoon hiskavoon ghetale. virodh karnari chiinii gave aanee gave lutali gelee aanee tethil purushanchi kattal karnyat aalee. utpann jhalelya serve jaaga vachavanyat aalya. 1857 madhye pracheen pavitra shahar daali panthechya tabyat aale. daali tabyat ghetalyanantar, muslim varchasva heey yunnanmadhye eka prasthapit satya banale.
du venuxieu haah mulat tyachya bandkhorila hahn yethe lakshya karat navhata, parantu too kingvirodhi hota aanee tyala manchu sarkar uddhvast karayache hote. bandkhorichya kalat, bandkhor nasalelya prantantil hui, jase qee sichuan aanee zhejiang, bandkhor hui aanee king sarkar yanchyat vataghati karnare mhanoon kaam karat hote. du venaksyuchya eka falkavar mhatale hote qee, "manchu kingla rajya karnyachya tyanchya aadeshapasun vanchit thewa" (<unk>), aanee tyane hanla, huneela manchu rajvat ulthoon taknyasathi aanee tyanna chinmadhun baher kadhanyasathi madat karnyache aavahan kele. duchya sainyane hahn-chiinii, lii, baee aanee honeys anek bigger-muslim sainyache netrutva kele. du venaxiyune muslim hui aanee hahn yanchyat ekteche aavahan kele. teey mhanale hote qee, "aaplya sainyachi teen kaame aaheth manchu lokanna hakaloon dene, chiinii lokanshi ekatra yene aanee deshdrohi yanna hakaloon dene."du venaxiyune hanla dosh deela nahee, parantu teey chinsathi parkeey aahet aanee chiinii aanee itar alpasankhyakanna door kele asey mhanat, tyanni manchu rajvativar tanav nirman keela. chean punha ekada chiinii rajvatikhali yenyasathi du venaxiyune sampoorn chinmadhun manchusachi sampoorn hakalpatti karnyache aavahan kele. manchu rajvativiruddha sampoorn yuddh jhaale. itar bandkhor muslim senapati maa rulongchya ulat, du venuxune sharan yenyas nakar deela. yacha bandkhoranmadhye prachalit asalelya islamchya panthanshi kahitari sambandh asava. maa rulongchya netrutvakhalil gedimu hanafi sunni musalmananni sahajpane kingkade pakshantar kele, tarr jahria soofi musalmananni aatmasamarpan kele nahee. maa shenglinsarkhe panthe bandatil kahee jaharia bandkhor heey dungan bandkhor jaharia nete maa hualong yanchyashi sambandhit hote aanee tyanchyashi sampark sadhat hote.
taalee-phoo (dally shahar) chya patananantar 'yunanche islami rajya' ghoshit karnyat aale. panthecha neta du venzieu yane sultan suleiman hii rajvatichi padvi dharan kelee aanee taalee-phoola tyachi rajdhani banavale. asha prakare, madhyapurvechya saltanatinchya rupane tayar jhaleli saltanat, yunnanmadhye disu lagali. momen (tengueh) sarkhya kahee mahattvachya shaharanmadhye panthe governorship dekhil tayar karnyat aalee, jeey bermi simavarti shahar bhamopasoon kahee tappe hote. panthe 1860 madhye tyanchya shaktichya aanee vaibhavachya uchch jalchinhaparyant pohochale.
satta haatee ghetalyanantar, du venaxiyune ghoshit kele qee "taiping aamche mitra banatil, aamhi ekmekanna madat karoo aanee aamhi aamchya ektrit prayatnandvare aamchya shatruncha naash karoo."king rajvanshacha padav karnyacha prayatna aatmasamarpan paramparagat khrishchan taiping bandala sahkarya karnyacha tyacha hetu darshavito.
1860 teey 1868 hii aath varshe saltanatichi parakashtha hotee. panthene chalis gave aanee shambhar gave ektar tabyat ghetali kinwa nasht kelee. yaa kalat sultan suleiman, yatrekaru mhanoon makkela jaat asatana, rangoonla bhet dett asey, bahudha kentung margane aanee tethoon kalkattyala, jithe tyanna bharatatil ingrajanna bhetanyachi sandhee midali.
ghat.
1868 nantar saltanatichi satta qamee jhaali. chiinii samrajyavadi sarkar swatahla punha jiwant karnyat yashasvi jhaale hote. 1871 paryant teey yunnanchya uddhat hui muslimanchya nirmulanasathi moheem chalvat hote. anshatah shahee sarkarne saltanatichya sabhovati gherav kadak keela hota. samrajya sarkarne tyavar niyamit aanee drudh hallah kelyanantar lagechach saltanat asthir tharali. ekapathopath eka shahar shahee sainyachya susangathit hallyanchya vilakhyat padale. dalila swatach shahee sainyane vedha ghatala hota. sultan suleiman (suleiman asehi mhatale jaate) tyachya rajdhanichya bhintinjaval pinjaryat adakala hota. baheroon madat midavi mhanoon too sainyachya madatisathi britishankade valala. keval british lashkari hastakshepamulech tyache saltanat vachoo shakale asate, heey tyachya lakshat aale.
britishankade valanyachi karane sultanakade hotee. bharatatil british adhikari aanee british berma yanni mejarchya netrutvakhali eka mission pathavale hote. meey-julai 1868 pasoon sadhyachya yunnanmadhil (shann bhashet momen mhanoon olakhale jaanare) tenguee shaharat sladden. sladden mission bandkhor bandkhor momen baithakit saat aathvade rahile hote. yaa mohimecha mukhya uddesh bhamo aanee yunnan darmyanchya rajdoot margache punarujjivan karane aanee 1855 pasoon jawaljawal bund jhalelya seema vyaparala punarujjivit karane haah hota, pramukhyane yunnan muslimanchya bandamule.
sladenchya bhetimule nirman jhalelya maitripurna sambandhancha fayda ghet sultan suleimanne pingnan guo saltanatichya astitvasathichya ladhyat aupcharik manyata aanee lashkari madatisathi british samrajyakade valale. 1872 madhye tyane aapala dattak mulga rajkumar husson yala, eka swatantra shakti mhanoon panthay samrajyachi adhikrut manyata midvanyachya prayatnat, barmamarge, ranee victoriyala vaiyaktik patrasah englandla pathavale. british berma aanee ingland yaa donhi deshanmadhye husson missionla shishtachar aanee aadaratithya denyat aale. tathapi, britishanni vinamrapane pann thampane pecking virodhat yunnanmadhye lashkari hastakshep karnyas nakar deela. husson aanee tyacha paksh paradeshat asatana konatyahi paristhitit mission khoop ushira aale, janewari 1873 madhye shahee sainyane dalila tabyat ghetale.
shahee sarkarne french tofkhana tadnyanchya madatine saltanativiruddha sarvangin yuddh pukarle hote. mitra nasalele susajj bandkhor tyanchya aadhunik upkaranansathi, prashikshit prashikshit aanee sankhyatmak shreshthatesathi barobariche navhate. asha prakare, tyachya udayanantar done dashakanchya aat, yunnanmadhil panthechi shakti qamee jhaali. aaplya athak shatrupasoon sutka aanee dayaa naan midalyane sultan suleimanne dalichya patanapurvi swatacha jeev ghenyacha prayatna keela. matra, tyane pyayalele afoo purn prabhavit honyapurvich tyachya shatrunni tyacha shirachhed keela. tyanantar manchu sainyane bandkhoranchi kattal suru kelee, hajaro nagrik marle, tyanchya piditanchya dokyansah qaan kapoon pathavale. tyache parthiv dalichya baher ziadui yethe daphan karnyat aale aahe. sultanche doke madhat jatan kele gele aanee tyala chashak mhanoon aanee yunnanchya muslimanvar shahee manchu kingchya vijayachya nirnayak swarupachi saksh mhanoon shahee darbarat pathvanyat aale.
muslim senapatinpaiki eka, maa rulong (maa julung), pakshantar karoon kingchya bajoone gela. tyanantar tyane king sainyala tyachya sahkari muslim bandkhoranna chiradoon taknyas madat kelee. tyala europeey lock marshal maa mhanat asat aanee tyane yunnan prantache jawaljawal sampoorn niyantran midavale.
1860 chya dashakat, jevha madhya aanee paschim yunnanmadhil maa rulongne, haah parisar kingchya niyantranakhali aananyasathi bandkhoranchi upasthiti chiradanyasathi ladha deela, tevha maa shauvu maa shenglinchya eka mothya kakane maa rulongchya sainyaviruddha grater donggoucha bachav keela. maa shenglin heey yunnanmadhil jahria menhuanche dharmik pramukh aanee lashkari nete hote. 1871 madhye ladhaidarmyan eka tofane tyacha mrutyu jhaala.
dalichya patananantar pingnan guo sainyache vikhurlele avashesh tyancha pratikar karat rahile, parantu jevha meey 1873 madhye momienla vedha ghatala gela aanee shahee sainyane tyanchyavar hallah keela, tevha tyancha pratikar purnapane tutala. sarkar. shahee sarkarchya aadeshanusar taa-saa-konala pakadanyat aale aanee tyala fashi denyat aalee.
parinam.
atyachar.
jaree mothya pramanat visarale gele asale taree, raktaranjit bandamule yunnanmadhye daha lakhanparyant lokancha mrutyu jhaala. yunnani muslim dharmachya anek anuyayancha shahee manchundware chhal karnyat aala. tyanantar yunnani muslimanchya ghauk kattal jhalya. anekjan tyanchya kutumbiyansah bermi simepalikade paloon gele aanee vaa rajyat aashray ghetala, jithe sumare 1875 madhye tyanni keval hui shahar asalelya panglongchi sthapana kelee.
panthe bund kosalalyanantar kadachit daha teey pandhra varshanchya kalavadhisathi, prantachya hui alpasankhyakanshi vijayi kingdware, visheshtah barmala lagoon asalelya paschim simavarti jilhyanmadhye, mothya pramanat bhedbhav keela gela. yaa varshanmadhye nirvasit hui heey barmamadhye seemapar sthayik jhaale aanee haloohaloo tyanni vyapari, karavanni, khaan kamgar, upahargruh malak aanee (jyanna kayadyachya palikade rahnyas bhag padale gele kinwa jyanna nivadle gele tyanchyasathi) taskar aanee bhadotri sainik mhanoon tyanchya paramparik bolaninusar swatahla sthapit kele aanee barmamadhye teey panthay mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale.
panthe bund kosalalyanantar kiman 15 varshanni, barmamadhil mool panthe vasahatinmadhye shaan aanee itar dongral lokancha samavesh karnyasathi vaadh jhaali hotee.
british barmamadhil chiinii muslim shahar panglong heey japani aakramankartyanni barmavar kelelya japani aakramanat purnapane nasht kele hote. hui muslim maa gwangui haah suu yane tayar kelelya hui panglong swa-sanrakshn rakshakacha neta banala, jyala 1942 madhye chean prajasattakachya kuomintang sarkarne panglongvaril japani aakramanaviruddha ladhanyasathi pathavale hote. japani lokanni panglong nasht kele, teey jaalale aanee 200 hoon adhik hui gharanna nirvasit mhanoon baher kadhale. yunnan aanee kokang yanna japani lokanni hakaloon dilele penglong yethoon hui nirvasit midale. maa gwangguichya putanyanpaiki eka, maa gwanguacha mulga maa yeye hota aanee tyane japani hallyasah panglangcha itihas sangitala. panglongmadhil huivareel japani hallyacha eka vruttant 1998 madhye panglongmadhil eka hui yane "panglong pustika" mhanoon lihila aanee prakashit keela. barmamadhil japani hallyamule hui muu kutumbane panglongmadhye aashray ghetala, parantu japani lokanni panglongvar hallah keela tevha tyanna punha panglonghoon yunnanla hakaloon denyat aale.
muslimanvar parinam.
king rajgharanyane aatmasamarpan aatmasamarpan muslimanchi kattal kelee nahee, kharey tarr, bandkhor muslimanna chiradanyachya king mohimemadhye sameel jhalelya muslim general maa rulongla badhati denyat aalee aanee kingmadhye seva seva yunnanchya lashkari lashkari too sarvat balwan hota.
king sainyane ektech muslim sodale jyanni bund kele nahee, jase yunnanchya ishanyekadil zaotong prantat, jithe yuddhanantar mothya pramanat muslim loksankhya ghanata hotee.
bandkhorichya virodhat king sainyat muslimancha vapar yang zengxinne nondavala hota.
tisare kaaran mhanje tyaa velee turk muslim lock ways karat hote
gwangxoo rajvatichya suruvatichya varshanmadhye bund, 'paach abhijat varg
governor general lioo gintang yanni khinditoon baher kadhalele vibhag hote
serve dangan sainya [hui duai rave]. tevha, dungan sainya
kuee wei aanee hua dakai yansarkhya senapatinni aatmasamarpan kele
jyaa sainikanchi punha niyukti karnyat aalee hotee. hii nihsanshaypane prakarane aahet
jyaa mohoryanni pudhe jaaun mothee yogyata prapt kelee. jevha saine shuing hote
yunnanmadhil lashkari vyavharancha prabhari, muslim sainya aanee
tyane jyaa senapatincha vapar keela tyat anek bandkhorancha samavesh hota aanee teey hya karanamule hote qee
tyanna qee yunnanmadhil muslim bund shant jhaale. heey aahet
muslim sainyacha prabhavipane vapar keela jaau shakato heey dakhavanyasathi udaharane
tarr muslim uthav ajunahi suru aahet. adhik kaay aahe, kaaran
prajasattak sthapan, dungan yanni heey dakhavun dile nahee qee
chukiche vartan karnyacha thodasa ishara, teey siddha karoo shakatat asey suchavanyasathi
avishvasaniy vha.
barmavar parinam.
yaa bandacha konbang rajvanshavar lakshaniy nakaratmak parinam jhaala. pahilya anglo-bermi yuddhanantar khalchya berma britishanna sopavalyanantar, barmane tandalachya pikanchya jaminichya vishal bhagaparyant pravesh gamavala. chinala aswasth naan karata, bermi rajyane chinchya magnyannusar pingnan guo bandkhoranshi vyapar karnyas nakar denyas sahmati darshavali. chinmadhun tandul aayat karanyachi kshamata nasatanahi, barmala bharatatoon tandul aayat karnyas bhag padale gele. yavyatirikt, bermi arthvyavastha chinala chinala kapus niryativar mothya pramanat avalambun hotee aanee achanak chinchya vishal bajarpethet pravesh gamavala. anek jiwant hui nirvasit seema olandun shejaril desh, berma, thayaland aanee laosmadhye paloon gele, jyamule tyaa rashtranmadhil alpasankhyak chiinii hui loksankhyecha aadhar banala.
granthasuchi.
nibandh, abhyas
lekh (niyatkalikanmadhye, niyatkalikanmadhye ii.)"

