
yanaka

yanaka haah yanaka jilhyatil apurimek pradeshatil peru, imerase prantatil pracheen, purv-incan shaharancha samooh aahe. hii shahare kwechua aanee sunee pradeshanchya darmyan, andis parvat ranget sadhyachya yanaka shaharachya aaspaschya bhagat hotee. 
itihas.
purv-incan yug.
yanaka yethe pahile rahivasi kevha aale heey jaanun ghene atyant katheen aahe. puratatviy mohimanchi sankhya vadhavalyane pracheen yana lokanchya utpattibaddal adhik mahitee midvanyas madat houu shakate. itar thikani kelelya puratatva abhyasandvare, assa nishkarsh kadhanyat aala qee pahile vasahati bahudha ii. sha. puu. 2,000 chya sumaras aashiyatun aale, aanee jose reos velazquez yanchya matey, pacaycasa (ayakucho) bhagat sthayik jhaale.
inka sanskratine yaa bhagat sthayik honyapurvi, kwechua, pokra, aukruna aanee aaymarasarkhe vividh lock yaa pradeshat vasale hote. puratatvashastradnya max uhale yanchya matey, chankanchya deshatil vilkashuamanmadhye, teey inka aakramanapurvi aymara bhasha bolat hote. vividh lekhakanni yaa pradeshat yananchya upasthitichahi ullekh keela aahe.
incan vijay.
1350-1400 madheel felip guaman poma dii ayala yanchya likhananusar, yaa yana jamatinni swechhene swatahla incan mayta capchya vasahatikaran shaktinchya adheen kele aanee nantar, tyacha bhau kakoo tieto capac yupankvi aanee chokas incas. tyanni atun pakka rastyavaril ywarco navachya thikanatun pravas keela, joou aajahi astitvat aahe.
kahee lekhakanchya matey, inkachya sampoorn rajvatit, asey vatale qee yananni inkachya adhinata darshavili hotee, jaree 'gulami' haah shabd vaparla jaat nahee. anek lekhakanni inka yugat yananchya sanskraticha abhyas karnyacha prayatna keela aahe, parantu anek prashna anuttarit aahet. udaharanarth, garcilasosarkhe lekhak yanache varnan inkache sevak mhanoon karatat. itar mhanatat qee yananmule fakt inka lokanna madat jhaali.
dusarikade, miguel cabello dii balboa mhanato qee jawaljawal 6,000 yananchi hatya inka yanni kelee hotee. padros jose reos velazecus asey manatat qee hii shevatchi aavrutti satyachya sarvat jawalchi asoo shakate kaaran, pachakutekchya karkirdit, bandkhor rajdhani kujakopasoon door asalelya andian shaharankade nighun gele.
murra (1983) aanee garcillaso (1960) nusar, yananna, sutarkam, swayampak, panivahu, safai kamgar ityadi udatt darbaratil nokya swikarat, inka samajik padanukramatil tyanchya alpasankhyak darjacha fayda houu shakala asata. 
aar. tomm zuidema dekhil yaa siddhantachi pushti karato. tyachya tapasamule asey aadhalale qee yanaka heey eka asey shahar hote jyachi samajik, rajkiy aanee dharmik sanghatanet mahattvachi bhoomika hotee.
inka pradeshachi rajkiy vibhagani aaj adhik prasiddha aahe. vividh strotanni dakhavun dile aahe qee imerase prant chaar up-prantanmadhye vibhagala gela hota. yanaka haah yaa up-prantanpaiki eka hota.
spanish vijay.
1840 madhye, inkachya parabhavanantar, francisco pizarone sampoorn inka samrajyatil sthanik lokanna 'repartimento' karnyache aadesh dile. kahee varshannantar spanish lokanni yanakachi vasahat kelee. 
asey manale jaate qee spanish lock pahilyanda yanakachya shejari asalelya parangay shaharat sthayik jhaale. aajahi tithe bandhanyat aalelya pahilya churchche avashesh pahayala midatat. heey church dagad aanee adobpasoon bandhale gele hote. heey parangay shahar aanee yanaka jilhyashi sambandhit aanakhi eka purv-incan shahar, chacha-kallache avashesh yanchya darmyan aahe.
yaa yugatil aaplyala midaleli mahitee soochit karate qee yaa velee yanaka khonyat loksankhyechya ghanatechi eka mahattvachi patali hotee. 1572 madhye jhalelya jangananemadhye 30,000 lokanchi nondani jhaali. 
1720 madhye, spanish raja phillip pachva yane pathavalela dandadhikari donn juan dii betia yanaka yethe aala aanee tyane aadesh deela qee shahare vegali kelee javeet aanee swatantra samudayanmadhye sthapan kelee javeet. asey manale jaate qee aaj astitvat asalele yanaka shahar 16 vya shatkachya akheris kinwa 17 vya shatkachya suruvatila tayar jhaale hote, jaree yanaka haah purvi sampoorn khonyat vikhuralelya swatantra shaharancha samooh hota.
andines.
andineschya nirmitibaddal jaree vividh dantkatha aahet, taree tyaa purv-incan lokanni shetisathi, visheshtah makyasathi bandhalya hotya. tethil lock aajahi hii paddhat vapartat.
pracheen sanskratiche itar pailu.
ups.
pracheen andian dharmanusar, apoo hii parvatadvare darshavileli devata aahe. yanaka madhye, apoonna tune kassa, conder carca, soliman, saara saara ii. mhanatat. soliman aanee saara saara yaa yanakachya apaschya done prathamik devata aahet, jyamule yanakachya urvarit serve ups tayar hotat. yaa devatanni nisargatil paus aanee peak yasarkhya pailoonvar niyantran thewale, parantu supikata, aajarpan, apghat ii. varr dekhil niyantran thewale. vishisht velee, visheshtah peranichya hangamachya suruvatila, aii. etch. "tinka" kinwa "depacho" yasarkhe apusathi sanskar kele jaat asat. paach maama aanee paach terra hyannahi ashach prakare aadar deela jaat asey. 
condorcarca.
kondorkarka haah yanakachya ishanyes sthit eka parvat aahe. aaspaschya bhagatil shaharansathi heey eka aupcharik thikan asalyache disate. tyane eka vedhshala mhanoon kaam kele asave aanee khonyache rakshan karananya parvatanchi savali shetiche chakr, sankranti aanee vishuvavrutt yancha sanket deu shakali asatee. 
yanaka madheel manavvanshashastriy aanee aitihasik karya.
peruchya yaa bhagat farach qamee abhyas karnyat aale aahet. september 2010 pasoon peruvian sanskruti mantri asalele doctor juan ausio acuna yanni 1996 madhye yanaka lokancha abhyas keela, jyat tyanchya parampara aanee tyanchya purv-incan itihasacha samavesh hota. doctor aar. tomm zuidemane inka baddal abhyas keela aanee yanakacha ullekh keela, jyat mhatale gele qee remakevilka gut yaa lokancha hota.