hatvane (anuvanshiki)

anuvanshashastrat, vilopan (jyala januk vilopan, kamatarata kinwa vilopan utparivartan asehi mhanatat) (chinh δ) heey eka utparivartan (anuvanshik vichalan) aahe jyamadhye gunasutracha eka bhag kinwa dnaha kram dna pratikrutichya darmyan sodala jaato. ekach ksharapasun gunasutrachya sampoorn tukadyaparyant kitihi nucleotides kadhoon takale jaau shakatat. kahee gunasutranmadhye najuk thipke asatat jithe vighatana hotat, jyamule gunasutracha eka bhag kadhoon takala jaato. ushnata, vishanu, kiranotsarg kinwa rasayanik pratikriyanmule viram prerit houu shakatat. jevha gunasutra tutate, jarr tyacha kahee bhag hatavala kinwa haravala tarr gunasutracha haravalela tukada kadhoon takane kinwa kamatarata mhanoon olakhala jaato.
mothya aantar-callary kamatarata asalelya gunasutra aanee samanya sampoorn samarupata darmyan synapsis honyasathi, samanya samarupatacha jode naan kelela bhag resheey sanrachanetun kadhoon taknyachya kinwa nuksan bharpai loopmadhye loop karane aavashyak aahe.
sarvat lahan ekal bases hatvan utparivartan heey template dii. aine. aii. madhye ekach bases flippingdware hote, tyanantar template dii. aine. aii. strand slippage, dii. aine. aii. polymerase sakriy sitemadhye hote.
ardhasutranadarmyan gunasutranchya crossovermadhil trutinmule kadhoon takane houu shakate, jyamule anek gambhir anuvanshik rog hotat. teen ksharanchya gunankanmadhye naan honare vilopan anuvanshik anukramachi 3-nucleotide prathine vachan chaukat badaloon chaukat badaloo shakate. hatvane heey manavansah eukariotic jivanche pratinidhi aahet, jivanunsarkhya procariotic jivanmadhye nahee.
karane.
karananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
prakar.
hatavanyachya prakaranmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
sharirik vikrutee asalelya mulanmadhye samanyatah sookshm-vilopan aadhalate. mothya pramanat kadhoon takalyas tatkal garbhpat (garbhpat) hoil.
namkaran.
manvi cytogenomic namkaranasathichi aantarrashtriy pranali (aay. ess. see. aine.) heey manvi gunasutra namkaranasathiche aantarrashtriy manak aahe, jyamadhye bandchi nave, chinhe aanee manvi gunasutra aanee gunasutrachya vikrutinchya varnanat vaparlya jaanarya sankshipt sandnya samavisht aahet. sankshemanmadhye gunasutra kadhoon taknyasathi vaja chinh (-) aanee gunasutrache bhag kadhoon taknyasathi 'dell' samavisht aahe.
parinam.
lahan hatvane ghatak asanyachi shakyata qamee asate; mothe hatvane heey sahasa ghatak asate-konatya januke nasht hotat yavar aadharit nehmich badal asatat. kahee madhyam aakarachya hatavanyamule olakhata yenyajoge manvi vikar hotat, udaa.jee. williams syndrome.
teenane samanaritya vibhajya nasalelya anek jodya kadhoon takalyane frameshift utparivartan hoil, jyamule kadhoon taklyanantar honare serve codon anuvadadarmyan chukiche vachale jaatil, jyamule gambhirpane badallele aanee sambhavyapane gairkaryaksham prathine tayar hotil. yaulat, teenane samaan bhagakar karata yenyajogya vilopanas 'inn-frame' vilopan mhanatat.
purush vandhyatvachi kahee prakarane, dukene snayukshaychi done trutiyansh prakarane aanee cystic fibrosischi done trutiyansh prakarane (δf508 mule honari) yasah anek anuvanshik vikaransathi vilopan jababdar aahe. gunasutra 5 chya chhotya hatacha bhag kadhoon takalyane cree du chatt syndrome hoto. ess. emm. aine.-encoding janukatil vilopanamule pathichya kanyachya snayu ksheen hotat, jeey arbhakanchya mrutyuche sarvat samanya anuvanshik kaaran aahe.
microdilition heey engelman syndrome, predder-viilii syndrome aanee digeorge syndrome yasah anek vegvegalya paristhitinshi sambandhit aahet. engelman syndrome aanee predder-viilii syndromes kahee lakshane, microdilition aanee genomic imprinting yaa donhinshi sambandhit aahet, mhanje samaan microdilitionmule done bhinn syndrome houu shakatat, jeey hatvane konatya moodatoon aale aahe yavar avalambun aahe.
alikadil sanshodhan asey suchavate qee atyant sanrakshit anukram (condell) kahee hatvane heey jawalun sambandhit prajatinmadhye asalelya utkrantitil farkansathi jababdar asoo shakate. manav, chimpanzi aanee makade kinwa makadasarkhya sastan pranyanchya itar prakaranmadhil sharirik aanee vartanukitil farkansathi manavamadhye asha prakarche hatvane, jyala hcondales mhanatat, jababdar asoo shakate.
tii. see. jee. aii. samoohanmadhil rugna-patalivaril alikadil sarvasamaveshak vargikaran aanee chalkachya ghatananche praman heey ughad karate qee pratyek gatheet sarasari 12 chalak ghatana aahet, jyapaiki 2.1 hii gaath gaath ghatakanchi vilopana aahe.
shodhane.
shastriy cytogenetic paddhatinchya sanyogane aanvik tantranchya parichayamule alikadchya varshant gunasutranchya vikrutinchya nidan kshamatet mothya pramanat sudharana jhaali aahe. visheshtah, back pratirupanchya vaparavar aadharit sookshm-sarani-tulanatmak genomic sankarikaran (see. jee. etch.) genome-vyapi pramanavaril dii. aine. aii. prat-kramankache badal shodhanyasathi eka sanvedanshil dhoran denyache aashvasan dete. shodhanyache resolution 30,000 peksha jaast 'band' itake asoo shakate aanee aadhalalelya gunasutra hatavanyachya aakarachi lambi 5-20 keey. bii. itaki lahan asoo shakate. dii. aine. aii. anukramanika hatavanyachya truti shodhanyasathi, udaharanarth antim-anukramanika ruprekhankan, itar sanganakeey paddhati nivadalya gelya.
mitochondrial dna hatvane.
yeastmadhye 'sacharomysis serevisi', anoo januke 'reed 51' pii, 'reed 52' pii aanee 'reed 59 pii' heey prathinanna encode karatat jeey punarsanyojit durustisathi aavashyak aahet aanee mitochondrial dnmadhe duheri strand breakchya durustisathi vaparale jaatat. yaa prathinanchya hanimule mitochondriamadhye utsfurt dii. aine. aii. hatavanyachya ghatanancha darr qamee hoto. yaa shodhatoon asey soochit hote qee samaroop punarsanyojanadvare dii. aine. aii. duheri-strand breakchi durusti karane heey mitochondrial dii. aine. aii. hatavanyachya nirmititil eka paul aahe.

