gausian rupantar

gossian anukulan (jee. aii.), jyala samanya kinwa naisargik anukulan (naa.) asehi mhanatat, haah eka utkrantivadi algoridam aahe joou signal processing systemchya ghatak mulyanchya sankhyikeey vichalanamule utpadan utpannachya jastit jaast vaparasathi tayar keela gela aahe. thodakyat, gaa hii eka yadruchchik anukool prakriya aahe jithe "aine"-aayami sadish "ex" ["ex" tii = ("ex" 1 ", ex" 2 ",) chey anek namune asatat...," xn ")] heey" n "(" m "," m ") yaa bahuvidh gossian vitaranatoon ghetale jaatat, jyacha arth" m "aanee kshan matricks" m "aahe. namune ayashasvi kinwa uttirn jhaale aahet mhanoon tyanchi chachani kelee jaate. paas namunyanparyant maryadit asalelya gaushiyanche pahile aanee aanee kramankache kshan 'emm *' aanee 'emm *' aahet.
paas sample mhanoon 'x' chaa parinam 's' ('x'), 0 <'s' ('x') <'q' ≤1 yaa functiondware nirdharit keela jaato, jase qee 's' ('x') hii x paas sample mhanoon nivadali jaanyachi sambhavyata aahe. pasache namune shodhanyachi sarasari sambhavyata (utpann) aahe
mug gache pramey asey sangate keeh
konatyahi "s" ("x") sathee aanee "p" <"q" chya konatyahi mulyasathi, nehmich eka gossian p astitvat asato. dii. eff. [sambhavyata ghanata karya] jeey jastit jaast prasaranasathi anukool aahe. sthanik ishtatmasathi aavashyak atty "m" = "m" * aanee "m" "m" * chya pramanat aahet. duheri samasya dekhil sodavali jaateh prasaran sthir thevat asatana "pii" jastit jaast kele jaate (kgelstrome, 1991).
yaa siddhantache purave 1970 madheel kgelstrome aanee 1981 madheel kgelstrome andd taxon yanchya shodhanibandhanmadhye aadhalu shakatat.
prasaran hii entropy/vikar/sarasari mahitichi ghatankiy mhanoon paribhashit kelee jaat asalyane teey lagech anusaran karate qee pramey tyaa sankalpanansathi dekhil vaidh aahe. ekandarit, yacha arth assa aahe qee gossian anukulan ekach velee utpadan aanee sarasari mahitiche jastit jaast utpadan karoo shakate (utpannachi kinwa sarasari mahitichi nikash karye mhanoon vyakhya karanyachi aavashyakta nahee).
heey pramey swikararhatechya serve kshetransathi aanee serve gossian vitaranansathi vaidh aahe. yacha vapar yadruchchik badal aanee nivadichi (naisargik utkrantipramane) chakriy punaravrutti karoon keela jaau shakato. pratyek chakrat puresha mothya sankhyene gausian vitarit bindunche namune ghetale jaatat aanee swikararhatechya kshetratil sadasyatvasathi tyanchi chachani kelee jaate. tyanantar gausiyanche gurutvakarshanache kendra, 'm', manjur (nivadalele) bindu, 'm' * chya gurutvakarshanachya kendrakade halavale jaate. asha prakare, hii prakriya pramey purn purn samtol sthiteet villin hote. dravan nehmich andaje asate kaaran gurutvakarshanache kendra nehmich maryadit sankhyechya bindunsathi nishchit kele jaate.
1969 madhye prathamach shuddha optimization algoridam mhanoon swikararhateche kshetra lahan aanee lahan banavanyasathi (semulated eniling, kirkpatrick 1983 chya sadrushyat) yacha vapar karnyat aala. 1970 pasoon yacha vapar samanya anukulata aanee jastit jaast utpann yaa donhisathi keela jaat aahe.
naisargik utkranti aanee gausian anukulan.
tyachi tulana sajivanchya loksankhyechya naisargik utkrantishi dekhil kelee gelee aahe. yaa prakaranat 's' ('x') hii ashee sambhavyata aahe qee phenotypechi 'x' shreni asaleli vyakti pudhchya pidhila santati deuun tikoon raheel; hartle 1981 dware dileli vaiyaktik tandurustichi vyakhya. utpann, 'p', mothya loksankhyetil vyaktinchya sanchavar sarasari mhanoon nirdharit kelelya sarasari tandurustine badalale jaate.
phenotype heey heey mothya loksankhyemadhye vitareet kelele gausian asatat aanee naisargik utkrantisathi serve gausian parimanatmak varnanchya sandarbhat gausian anukulan pramey purn karnyas saksham honyasathi aavashyak aut mhanje tee nivadak vyaktinchya gurutvakarshanachya kendrakade gausianchya gurutvakarshanachya kendrala dhakalu shakate. heey hardy-weinberg kayadyadvare purn kele jaau shakate. heey shakya aahe kaaran gossian anukulan pramey sanrachanepasun swatantra swikararhatechya konatyahi pradeshasathi vaidh aahe (kgelstrome, 1996).
yaa prakaranat crossover, inversion, transposition ityadi janukeey bhinnateche niyam phenotypesathi yadruchchik sankhya generator mhanoon pahile jaau shakatat. tarr, yaa arthane gausian anukulanakade anuvanshik algoridam mhanoon pahile jaau shakate.
dongravar kase chadhayache.
jarr mapdandanche vitaran aanee bhupradeshachi rachana dnyat asel tarr sarasari tandurustichi ganana kelee jaau shakate. vastavik bhupradesh mahit nahee, parantu khaleel aakruti asha mapdandanni pasarlelya kholeet reshevar (x) asalelya bhupradeshache kalpanik swaroop (nile) darshavate. laal vakr haah aakrutichya talashi asalelya laal ghanta vakravar aadharit sarasari aahe. pratyek thikanchya sarasarichi ganana karoon, ghanta vakrala 'x'-akshavar sarakavu deuun teey prapt kele jaate. jase pahata yete, lahan shikhare aanee khadde gulgulit kele jaatat. asha prakare, jarr utkranti tulanene lahan farkane (laal ghanta vakr) suru jhaali tarr chadhai laal vakrareshevar hoil. joparyant yaa bindunchya ujavikadil pokale rahatat aanee utparivartanacha darr khoop qamee aahe toparyant hii prakriya bii kinwa see varr lakho varshe adaku shakate.
jarr utparivartanacha darr puresa jaast asel tarr vikar kinwa bhinnata vadhu shakate aanee parameter (chey) hiravya ghanta vakrareshepramane vitarit houu shakatat. tyanantar chadhai hiravya vakrareshevar hoil, jee aanakhi gulgulit aahe. kaaran buub aanee seechya ujavikadil pokale aata nahishi jhaali aahet, hii prakriya deechya shikharaparyant chaloo rahoo shakate. parantu, arthat, bhupradesh vikar kinwa parivartansheeltevar maryada ghalato. yashivay-bhupradeshavar avalambun-prakriya khoop khadatar houu shakate aanee jarr sthanik shikharavar prakriyene ghalavalela vel aanee pudhchya shikharavar sankraman karnyachya velemadhil gunottar khoop jaast asel tarr teey goldney suchavilyapramane viramchinh samatolasarkhe dekhil disu shakate (ridley pahaa).
gossian rupantaranche sanganakeey anukaran.
aataparyant haah siddhant keval anant sankhyechya vyaktinshi sambandhit satatchya vitaranachya sarasari mulyancha vichar karato. tathapi, pratyakshat, vyaktinchi sankhya nehmich maryadit asate, jyamule "m" aanee "m" (gossiencha kshan matricks) chya andajat anishchitata nirman hote. aanee yamule prakriyechya karyakshamtevar dekhil parinam houu shakato. durdaivane, kiman saiddhantikdrushtya taree yabaddal farach qamee mahitee aahe.
sangankavar samanya rupantar karane heey baryapaiki sope kaam aahe. udaharanarth, emche anukulan eka velee eka namunyane (vaiyaktik) kele jaau shakate.
jethe "x" haah paas namuna aahe aanee "a" <1 haah yogya sthirank aahe jenekarun a chaa vyutkram loksankhyetil vyaktinchi sankhya darshavito.
"m" tattvatah pratyek payari "y" nantar adyayavat kele jaau shakate jyamule vyavharya bindu midato
jethe "y" t haah "y" chaa transpose aahe aanee "b" 1 haah aanakhi eka yogya sthirank aahe. sarasari mahitichya yogya vadhichi hummy denyasathi, 'vaay' samanyatah kshan matricks 'maay' 2 'emm' saha vitarit kele pahije, jethe scalar 'maay'> 1 chaa vapar yogya darane sarasari mahitee (mahitee entropy, vikar, vividhata) vadhavanyasathi keela jaato. parantu gananet 'm' kadhihi vaparla jaanar nahee. tyaeivaji aapan 'doubluedblue' tii = 'emm' dware paribhashit 'doubleu' matricks vaparato.
asha prakare, aaplyakade "y" = "wg" aahe, jithe "g" samanyatah moment matricks "μu" saha vitarit kele jaate aanee "u" haah unit matricks aahe. "doubleu" aanee "doubleu" tii sutrandware adyayavat kele jaau shakatat
kaaran gunakar deto
jethe 'buub' 2 saha sandnyankade durlaksh kele gele aahe. asha prakare, "m" heey changlya andajasah apratyakshapane julavun ghetale jaeel. vyavharat fakt 'doubleu' adyayavat karane purese asel
menduchya sadhya dvi-aayami pratimanamadhye vaparale jaanare heey sootra aahe jeey sahyogi shikshanachya hebian niyamache samadhan karate; pudhil vibhag pahaa (kgelstrome, 1996 aanee 1999).
khaleel aakruti gossian pii madheel vadhiv sarasari mahiticha parinam spasht karate.dii.eff. dongral shikharavar chadhanyasathi vaparale jaate (done resha samocch resheche pratinidhitva karatat). laal aanee hiravya yaa donhi guchchanmadhye samaan sarasari tandurusti aahe, sumare 65 takke, parantu hiravya guchchamadhye khoop jaast sarasari mahitee aahe jyamule harit prakriya adhik karyaksham banate. yaa rupantaranacha parinam dvi-aayami prakaranat farsa thalak nasato, parantu uchch-aayami prakaranat, shodh prakriyechi karyakshamta anek pramanat vadhavali jaau shakate.
mendutil utkranti.
mendumadhye dii. aine. aii.-sandeshanchya utkrantichi jaaga signalchya namunyanchya utkrantine ghetali pahije aanee phenotypic landscapechi jaaga mansik landscapene ghetali pahije, jyachi guntagunt purvichyapeksha kvachitach dusari asel. mansik bhupradeshache roopak heey kahee sanket namune changle kalyan kinwa kamgirila janm detat yaa gruhitkavar aadharit aahe. udaharanarth, snayunchya gatache niyantran ekhadya shabdacha changla uchchar kinwa sangitachya tukadyachi kamgiri karnyas karanibhoot tharate.
yaa sadhya pratimanat asey manale jaate qee mendumadhye ekmekanshi jodalele ghatak asatat jeey sanket mulyanchi bharr ghaloo shakatat, gunakar karoo shakatat aanee vilamb karoo shakatat.
haah digital filter aanee neural networkchya siddhantacha aadhar aahe jyamadhye signal moolye aanee menduchya anek modelschee, levin 1991, jodanare, gunakar karnare aanee vilamb karnare ghatak asatat.
menduchya khodachya khalchya aakrutimadhye gossian vitarit signal namune dene apekshit aahe. heey shakya houu shakate kaaran kahee neurons yadruchchikpane (candell aanee itar.). khodamadhye adhik krambaddha kavachanni (bergstrome, 1969) vedhaleli eka avyavasthit rachana dekhil asate aanee kendriya maryada prameyanusar anek neuronsmadhun signalchi berries gausian vitarit asoo shakate. trikoni boxes heey synapsche pratinidhitva karatat aanee + chinh asalele boxes seela curnell aahet.
parpatalachya sanketanchi vyavharyatesathi chachani kelee jaane apekshit aahe. jevha sanket swikarla jaato tevha hebbian siddhantashi sahmat houn khaleel sutrannusar synapsmadhil sampark kshetra adyayavat kele jaate. aakruti mageel vibhagatil shevatchya sutranusar gossian anukulanche dvi-aayami sanganakeey anukaran darshavate.
"m" aanee "w" khalilpramane adyayavat kele jaatatah
jase pahile jaau shakate qee heey hebbian shikshan siddhantadvare shasit asalelya eka lahan mendusarkhe aahe (kgelstrome, 1996,1999 aanee 2002).
gausian anukulan aanee swatantra ichcha.
menduche utkrantivadi model mhanoon gausian anukulan, sahyogi shikshanachya hebian siddhantache palan karane, heey mansik bhupradeshavar jaaun mendutil sanket namunyanchi sarasari tandurusti jastit jaast vadhavanyachya prakriyechya kshamatemule, swatantra ichchecha paryayi drushtikon pradan karate.
ashee yadruchchik prakriya aaplyala nivadiche barech swatantrya dete, parantu kvachitach konatihi ichchhashakti dete. tathapi, ichchhashakticha bhram, prakriyechya sarasari tandurusti vadhavanyachya kshamatetun udbhavu shakato, jyamule prakriyeche dhyey sadhya hote. aay. eae.teey khalchyapeksha bhudrushyatil unch shikhare kinwa white honyapurvi changle paryay pasant karate. asha prakare eka bhramak ichchhashakti disu shakate. asach drushtikon zoher 1990 neey deela aahe. kgelstrome 1999 dekhil pahaa.
yadruchchik shodhasathi karyakshamateche eka pramey.
gausian rupantaranchi karyakshamta claude eae mule mahitichya siddhantavar avalambun asate. shannon (mahitichi samagri pahaa). jevha ekhadi ghatana sambhavyata "pii" saha udbhavate, tevha mahitee-logg ("pii") prapt kelee jaau shakate. udaharanarth, jarr sarasari tandurusti "pii" asel, tarr jaganyasathi nivadalelya pratyek vyaktisathi midavaleli mahitee-logg ("pii")-sarasari asel-aanee mahitee midvinyasathi aavashyak asalele kaam/vel 1/"pii" chya pramanat asel. asha prakare, jarr karyakshamta, eae, hii mahitee midvinyasathi aavashyak asalelya kaam/velene vibhajit keleli mahitee mhanoon paribhashit kelee gelee tarr tee aamchyakade aaheh
jevha "p" = 1/"e" = 0.37. samaan parinam vegalya paddhatisah gendware prapt keela jaato tevha heey function tyachi kamal prapt karate.
"eae" = 0 jarr "pii" = 0, anant utparivartan darr asalelya prakriyesathi aanee jarr "pii" = 1, utparivartan darr = 0 asalelya prakriyesathi (prakriya jiwant asel tarr).
karyakshamateche heey mojmap yadruchchik shodh prakriyanchya mothya vargasathi vaidh aahe, jarr kahee atty hatat asateel tarr.
1 shodh sankhyikiyadrushtya swatantra aanee vegvegalya mapdandanchya dishene titkach karyaksham asava. hii aut andaje purn houu shakate jevha gausiyancha moment matricks swikararhatechya kahee kshetrasathi kamal sarasari mahitisathi swikarla gela aahe, kaaran sampoorn prakriyechya resheey parivartanancha karyakshamtevar parinam hott nahee.
2 serve vyaktinchi kimmat samaan asate aanee "pii" = 1 vareel vyutpann <0 aahe.
mug, khaleel pramey siddha kele jaau shakateh
vareel atinchi purtata karnare karyakshamateche serve upay, jevha parimananchi sankhya vadhate tevha teey-"pii" logg ("pii/kyu") chya asymptotic pramanat asatat aanee "pii" = "kyu" exp (-1) (kgelstrome, 1996 aanee 1999) dware jastit jaast kele jaatat.
vareel aakruti gossian anukulan yasarkhya yadruchchik shodh prakriyesathi sambhavya karyakshamta karya darshavate. davikade prakriya sarvat astavyast asate jevha "pii" = 0 asate, tarr ujavikade paripoorn kram asato jethe "pii" = 1 asato.
1971, 1973 madheel rechenbergchya udaharanat, yadruchchik chalanyala 'x' 1 'heey pariman pariman eka margiketoon dhakalale jaate. yaa prakaranat swikararhateche kshetra heey' x '2,' x '3, yaa mapdandanmadhye' a '(' n '−1)-aayami antar mhanoon paribhashit kele jaate..., x" "n", parantu shevatchya sweekrut mulyapeksha qamee asalele "x" 1-moolya kadhihi sweekarle jaanar nahee. yaa prakaranat "pii" kadhihi 0.05 peksha jaast asoo shakat naslyamule, rechenbergchya nishkarshanshi sahmat houn, "pii" = 0.5/"eae" = 0.18 sathee uchch "ex" 1-mulyanchya dishene kamal veg gathala jaato.
yaa sandarbhat eka drushtikon dekhil swarasyapoorn asoo shakato too mhanje, yaa siddhantachya puravyasathi mahitichi konatihi vyakhya (swikararhatechya kahee pradeshatil namunedar muddyanvyatirikt tyaa pradeshachya vistarabaddal mahitee dete) aavashyak nahee. mug, kaaran, sutracha arth mahitee midvinyasathi aavashyak asalelya kamadvare vibhajit keleli mahitee assa keela jaau shakato, heey dekhil eka sanket aahe qee-logg ("pii") mahitiche mojmap honyasathi eka changle umedvar aahe.
stoffer aanee grimson algoridam.
gausian rupantar itar karanansathi dekhil vaparale gele aahe, udaharanarth, 'stoffer-tirthyatrik algoridam' dware chhaya kadhoon takane, jeey vareel 'gausian rupantar sanganakache anukaran' vibhagat vaparlelya gausian rupantaras samatulya aahe. donhi prakarananmadhye eka velee eka namunyache anukulan karoon sarasari mulyanchya andajasathi kamal sambhavyata paddhat vaparali jaate.
pann farak aahet. stoffer-tirthyatrechya babatit, kendrikaran, sarasari tandurustiche jastit jaast praman, sarasari mahitee kinwa utpadan utpannasathi yadruchchik sankhya generatorchya niyantranasathi mahitee vaparali jaat nahee. vareel 'mendutil utkranti' chya tulanet kshan matrixche anukulan dekhil khoop vegale aahe.

