scotlandmadhil shalancha itihas

scotlandmadhil shalanchya itihasat suruvatichya madhyayugapasun teey aajchya divasaparyant, serve shalancha sanstha aanee imarati mhanoon vikas samavisht aahe. suruvatichya madhyayugapasun bardic shaala hotya, jyaa vyaktinna kavyatmak aanee sangeet kalanmadhye prashikshit karat asat. mathanni dnyan aanee shikshanache pramukh bhandar mhanoon kaam kele, jeey anekada shaala chalvat asat. uchch madhyayugat, shikshanache naveen srot udayas aale, jyat gayakvrund aanee vyakaran shalancha samavesh hota, jyaa jyaa prashikshit karnyasathi tayar kelya gelya hotya. benedictin aanee augustinian sansthanmadhye kadachit tarun mulanna shikshit karnyasathi dharmaday almonary shaala hotya, jeey kadachit paurohityat pravesh karoo shaktil. kahee mathanni sajjananchya mulanna shikavanyasathi tyanche darvaje ughadale. madhyayugachya akheris, serve mukhya burg aanee kahee lahan shaharanmadhye vyakaran shaala aadhalu shakalya. grameen bhagat prathamik shikshan shikshan chhotya kinwa vachan shaala hotya. prabhu aanee shrimant bargaranchya kutumbanmadhil khajgi shikshan kadhikadhi "gharguti shaala" mhanoon vikasit jhaale. kuleen kutumbatil mulinna nanarimadhye shikavale jaat asey aanee pandharavya shatkachya akheris edinbergmadhye mulinsathi shaala dekhil hotya, jyaa kadhikadhi "shivankam shaala" mhanoon varnan kelya jaatat. sudharananpurvi yaa vividh prakarchya sumare 100 shalansathi dastaivaj purave aahet. shikshan kayada 1496 sammat jhalyanantar shikshanavar manavtavadi prerit bharr vadhat gela.
1560 madhye protestant paksh varchasva gajavalyanantar, 'shistchya pahilya pustakat' pratyek parishmadhye shalechi yojana aakhali gelee, parantu heey aarthikdrushtya ashakya siddha jhaale. burgmadhye sadhyachya shalanchi mothya pramanat dekhbhal kelee jaat hotee, ganyachya shaala aanee anek naveen paya sudharlelya vyakaran shaala kinwa samanya parrish shaala banalya. mothya sankhyene aniyantrit khajgi "sahsi shaala" dekhil hotya. shalechya shikshakansathi puresa kharch karnyasathi mulanchi sankhya apuri asatana mulinna parrish shalanmadhye pravesh deela jaat asey. samajachya khalchya staravaril mulinna, sudharanannantar jhalelya parrish shaala vyavasthechya vistaramule fayda jhaala, parantu sahasa mulanpeksha mulanchi sankhya jaast hotee aanee anekada tyanna qamee kalavadhisathi aanee khalchya staravar swatantrapane shikavale jaat asey. 1616, 1633, 1646 aanee 1696 madheel kayadyanni sthanik jamindaranna (varashdaranna) shaleche ghar puravine aanee skotlandmadhye eka rajya mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya shalechya shikshakala paise dene bandhankarak kele, tarr mantri aanee sthanik presbyterian shikshan gunavattevar dekhrekh thevat hote. sataravya shatkachya uttaradhat sakhal pradeshat parrish shalanche mothya pramanat sampoorn jaale hote, parantu dongral pradeshat ajunahi anek bhagat moolbhut shikshanacha abhav hota.
atharavya shatkat, krishi krantitoon midalelya sampattimule shalanchya vyapak punarbandhanicha karyakram jhaala. anek garib mulinna, vachan, shivankam aanee swayampak shikavanyasathi vidhva kinwa sutee kamgaranni anaupacharikpane sthapan kelelya, garib shalanmadhye shikavale jaat hote. tulanene sakhal grameen samajachya tulanet dongral bhagat saksharateche praman qamee hote aanee asey prayatna karoonahi niraksharta ekonisavya shatkaparyant prachalit rahili. shaharikaran aanee loksankhya vadhimule kirkne 1865 paryant 214 'vidhansabha shaala' sthapan kelya. 120 'satra shaala' dekhil hotya, jyaa pramukhyane shaharanmadhye kirk satrandware sthapan kelya gelya aanee garibanchya mulanna lakshya kelya gelya. gelya vyatyayamule, jyane scotlandche mukt church tayar kele, tyane kirk shaala pranaliche tukade kele. meey 1847 paryant assa dawa karnyat aala hota qee done shikshak prashikshan mahavidhyalaye aanee eka mantri prashikshan mahavidhyalayasaha 500 shaala bandhanyat aalya aahet. ekonisavya shatkat mothya sankhyene ayrish sthalantaritanchya yenyamule catholic shaala sthapan jhalya. parrish vyavasthela purak bananyachya prayatnanmadhye ravivarchya shaala, mission shaala, asvachch shaala, baibal sanstha aanee sudharana varg yancha samavesh hota. besahara mulanna mofat shikshan denyacha prayatna, yaa khadbadit shaley chalvaline keela. andreau belane dekhrekh pranalicha paya rachala, jee vidyarthi-shikshak prashikshan pranalimadhye vikasit jhaali. yaulat, david stoe yanni prashikshit praudh shikshakanvar kendrit asalelya 'glassgo paddhati' chey samarthan kele. scottish shalechya shikshakanni tauscha kadakpana aanee varanvar vapar yasathi pratishtha midavali.
1872 chya shikshan (scotland) kayadyane andaje 1,000 pradeshik shaley mandale tayar kelee, jyanni lagech junya aanee naveen kirkchya shaala tabyat ghetalya. parikshanmadhye uttirnanchya nishchit sankhyevar bharr dilyane rattyane barech kahee shikata aale aanee tapasanichya pranalimule sarvat kamkuvat mulannahi kahee tathyansah khodale gele. 1918 chya shikshan (scotland) kayadyane sarvatrik mofat madhyamik shikshanache tattva sadar kele. prathamik shalanche bahutek pragat vibhag kanishth madhyamik jhaale, tarr junya akadami aanee uchch shrenichya shaala varishtha madhyamik jhalya. vadhatya sankhyene prathamik shikshanachya palikade rahile aanee 1973 madhye sodoon denyache vay akheris 16 paryant vadhavanyat aale. parinami, madhyamik shikshan heey visheshtah mulinsathi vadhiche pramukh kshetra hote. badalatya aakankshanna samore jaanyasathi naveen patrata vikasit karnyat aalya. 1980 chya dashakat kshamatechya sampoorn shrenicha vichar karnyasathi abhyaskramat sudharana karnyat aalee. 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila mulinchi prapti mulanmadhye adakali mhanoon lingbhed nahise jhaale.
madhyayug.
madhyayugatil suruvatiche.
suruvatichya madhyayugapasun bardic shaala hotya, jyanni vyaktinna kavyatmak aanee sangeet kalanmadhye prashikshan dile hote, parantu scotland haah mothya pramanat maukhik samaj asalyamule, tyanni jeey shikavale tyacha farsa purava shillak rahila nahee. sahavya shatkapasoon khrishchan dharmachya sthapanene lattinla skotlandmadhye eka vidvattapoorn aanee likhit bhasha mhanoon aanale. madhyayugatil suruvatichya kalat mathanni dnyan aanee shikshanache pramukh bhandar mhanoon kaam kele, anekada shaala chalavalya aanee eka lahan, sushikshit aanee prachand pramanat purush, abhijat varg pradan keela, jeey mothya pramanat nirakshar samajat kagadpatre tayar karnyasathi aanee vachanyasathi aavashyak hote.
uchch madhyayug.
uchch madhyayugat shikshanache naveen srot udayala aale. gayakvrund aanee vyakaran shaala anukrame sangeet aanee lattin vyakaranavar bharr dett, purohitanna prashikshit karnyasathi tayar karnyat aalya hotya. david pahila (1124-53) yachya karkirdit suru jhalelya charchchya punarrachanene charchala eka spasht diocession aanee parochial rachana dilee, mhanje parth sarkhya sherifadamchya aasananna sahasa mathanchya aashraydatyanchya adheen asalelya shaala midalya. vyakaran shalanchya suruvatichya udaharananmadhye 1124 madheel glassgochi madhyamik shaala aanee 1239 madheel dundychi madhyamik shaala yancha samavesh hoto. heey sahasa cathedral kinwa mahavidhyalayin charchashi jodalele hote. navyane tayar jhalelya dharmpramukha kulguruncha tyanchya dharmpramukhachya cathedral shaala aanee shalechya mukhyadhyapkanvar adhikar asoo shakato.
yaa kalat scottish mathanchya jivanache pramukh vaishishtya banalelya naveen dharmik vyavasthanmule naveen shaikshanik shakyata aanee mothya sankhyene bhikshunna prashikshit karanyachi garaj nirman jhaali. benedictine aanee augustinian sansthanmadhye bahudha almonary shaala, dharmaday shaala hotya, jyaa alpavayinanna shikshit karnyasathi, jeey kadachit paurohityat pravesh karoo shaktil, eka prakarcha anudan puravanyasathi almanarkadoon nidhi vapartat. cluniac payasale mathat, dharmnirpeksh padrinna shaleche mukhyadhyapak mhanoon niyukt kele jaat asey. kinlos yetheel cystertian math, priy math aanee beauly yasah kahee mathanni sajjananchya mulanna shikavanyasathi vidyarthyanchya vistrut shrenisathi tyanche darvaje ughadale. seent andrews, jeey bishapche aasan aanee pramukh augustinian foundation thikan hote, tethe archdaconchya khalee vyakaran shaala aanee priory antargat eka gaane shaala donhi hotee.
madhyayugatil uttarardh.
1380 chya dashakapasun geet aanee vyakaran shalanchi sankhya aanee aakar zapatyane vistarlyache disate. 1450 darmyan dharmnirpeksh dharmnirpeksh 100 hoon adhik mahavidhyalayin charchchi sthapana aanee sudharana yamule mothya sankhyene corristerche prashikshan aavashyak jhaale asate. kadhikadhi, lochvinokpramanech, tyanna sangeet aanee vyakaran donhi shikavale jaat asey. dominican bhikshu tyanchya shaikshanik kamgirisathi prasiddha hote aanee sahasa shahari kendranmadhye sthit hote, bahudha vyakaran shikavat, jase qee glassgo aanee aayar yethe. madhyayugachya akheris, serve mukhya burg aanee kahee lahan shaharanmadhye vyakaran shaala aadhalu shakalya.
grameen bhagat shaikshanik tartud kadachit khoopach kamkuvat hotee, parantu grameen bhagat prathamik shikshan shikshan chhotya kinwa vachan shaala hotya. prabhu aanee shrimant bargaranchya kutumbanmadhye khajgi shikshanpaddhaticha dekhil vikas jhaala. kadhikadhi hya "gharguti shaala" mhanoon vikasit jhalya, jyaa kadachit shetmajur shejari aanee natevaikanna tasech leardchya gharatil mulansathi dekhil seva puravat asateel, jeey shikar kartana ghadale asey manale jaate. yaa serve shaala jawaljawal keval mulansathi hotya. kuleen kutumbatil mulinna elcho, eberdor aanee haddington yasarkhya nanarimadhye shikavale jaat asey. pandharavya shatkachya akheris edinbergmadhye mulinsathi shaala dekhil hotya, jyanna kadhikadhi "shivankam shaala" mhanoon sambodhale jaate, jyanche naav kadachit tyanchya pramukh karyanpaiki eka darshavate, jaree yaa shalanmadhye vachan dekhil shikavale gele asave. vidyarthyanna bahudha samanya mahila aanee nun yanchya sanyojanadvare shikavale gele asave.
sudharananpurvi yaa vividh prakarchya sumare 100 shalansathi dastaivaj purave aahet. yaa shalanche bahutek shaleche mukhyadhyapak heey padri hote aanee dharmik sansthanche, rugnalayanche kinwa kuleen lokanchya khajgi padryanche padri dekhil hote, jeey tyanni kadachit utpannachya vilinikaranasathi haatee ghetale hote. kahee pramanat, serve shikshan charchchya vegvegalya shakhandvare niyantrit kele jaat hote, parantu tyaa kalachya akheris samanya lokanmadhye swarasya vadhat gele. 1538 madhye jevha abardinane eka samanya padvidharala shalecha shikshak mhanoon niyukt kele aanee jevha eka vivahit purushachi parthmadhye ashach padavar niyukti kelee gelee, tevha kadhikadhi abardincha burg aanee cathedral kulpati yanchyat sangharsh jhaala. visheshtah samanya vakeel eka vyavasay mhanoon udayas yeu lagale aanee bhavishyatil sattadhari vargala tyanchya kartvyansathi shikshit karnyavar manavtavadi bharr dett asatana, padrinchya prashikshanachya palikade shikshan vistaru lagale. shikshan kayada 1496 sammat jhalyanantar shikshanavar vadhata manavtavadi-prerit bharr, eberdineche bishop, prevy seelche rakshak william elphinstone yanni sansadedvare chalavale asey manale jaate, jyane aadesh deela qee barronchya serve mulanni aanee padarthachya mukt dharkanni "perfact lattin" shikanyasathi vyakaran shalanmadhye jaave. yaa sarvanmule sakshartet vaadh jhaali, jee mukhyatve purush aanee shrimant abhijat vargamadhye kendrit hotee, kadachit 60 takke purush kuleen lock yaa kalavadhichya akheris sakshar hote.
aadhunik yugacha prarambh.
solavya shatkat.
shikshanachi vadhati sarvajanik upalabdhata hii manavtavadi chintechi baab hotee, protestant sudharkankadun, jyanni shalankade adhik dharmik samajasathi naitik aanee dharmik shikshanachi tartud karnyasathiche sadhan mhanoon pahile. 1560 madhye protestant paksh varchasva gajavalyanantar, 'shistchya pahilya pustakat' pratyek parishmadhye shalechi yojana aakhali gelee, parantu heey aarthikdrushtya ashakya siddha jhaale. burgmadhye sadhyachya shalanchi mothya pramanat dekhbhal kelee jaat hotee, ganyachya shaala aanee anek naveen paya sudharlelya vyakaran shaala kinwa samanya parrish shaala banalya. shalanna kirk nidhi, sthanik varshanchya kinwa burg parishadanchya aanee palakanchya yogdanadvare pathbal dile jaat hote jeey paise deu shakat hote. sthanik sthanik church satrandware tyanchi tapasani kelee gelee, jyat shikshanacha darja aanee saiddhantik shuddhata tapasali gelee. mothya sankhyene aniyantrit khajgi "sahsi shaala" dekhil hotya. heey sahasa palakanni parwana nasalelya shalechya shikshakanchya sahmatine, upalabdh imaratincha vapar karoon anaupacharikpane tayar kele hote aanee pramukhyane aitihasik nondinmadhye takrari aanee kirk satrandware tyanna dadapanyachya prayatnandvare spasht hote kaaran tyanni vidyarthyanna adhikrut parrish shalanpasun door nele hote. tathapi, kahee parishchi mothee loksankhya aanee praman lakshat gheta asha khajgi shaala anekada aavashyak hotya. church aanee sthanik sthanik tyanna anekada maunane sweekarle hote aanee mulee aanee garibanchya mulansathi teey visheshtah mahattvache asoo shakate. samanyatah adhik changlya nidhisah aanee shalechya shikshakanna paise denyas adhik saksham asalelya, sthapit berg shalanchya baher, padvyuttar shikshakanni anekada tyanche padd itar rojgarasah, visheshtah karkunasarkhya kirakmadhil kirkol padansah jodale. sudharanannantar lagechach tyancha puravatha qamee hota, parantu vidyapith pranalichya vistaramule sataravya shatkaparyant mothya sankhyene padvidhar upalabdh jhaale yache purave aahet. 1560 teey 1633 yaa kalavadhit sumare 800 shalancha purava aahe. parrish shaala 'inglish' shaala hotya, jyaa sthanik bhashet shikavat hotya aanee mulanna sumare 7 varshe vayaparyant gheuun jaat hotya, tarr vyakaran shalanni mulanna sumare 12 paryant nele. vyakaran shalanmadhye tyanchya sarvottam kamgirinusar, abhyaskramat catechism, lattin, french, shastriy sahitya aanee khelancha samavesh hota.
mahilanchya maryadit bauddhik aanee naitik kshamatevaril vyapak vishvas aanee mahilanni, visheshtah patni aanee maata mhanoon, adhik vaiyaktik naitik jababdari ghenyachi ichcha, sudharanannantar tivra honyachya ichchheshi sangharsh jhaala. protestantvadat yamule catechism shikanyachi aanee samajoon ghenyachi kshamata aavashyak hotee aanee agadi swatantrapane baibal vachanyas saksham asane aavashyak hote, parantu tyaa kalatil bahutek bhashyakar, agadi mulinchya shikshanala protsahan protsahan, tyanna mulansarkhech shaikshanik shikshan midave asey vatale nahee. shalechya shikshakansathi puresa kharch karnyasathi mulanchi sankhya apuri asatana mulinna parrish shalanmadhye pravesh deela jaat asey. samajachya khalchya staravaril mulinna, sudharanannantar jhalelya parrish shaala vyavasthechya vistaramule fayda jhaala, parantu sahasa mulanpeksha mulanchi sankhya jaast hotee aanee anekada tyanna qamee kalavadhisathi aanee khalchya staravar swatantrapane shikavale jaat asey. mulinna varanvar vachan, shivankam aanee vinakam shikavale jaat asey, parantu lekhan nahee. kulinanmadhye merrie, scotschee ranee yasarkhya anek sushikshit aanee susanskrut mahila hotya.
sataravya shatkat.
1616 madhye prevy kaunsilmadhil eka kayadyane pratyek parishla "jithe soyiskar sadhane asoo shaktil" ashee shaala sthapan karnyache aadesh dile. scotlandchya sansadene yaa kayadyala aanee 1633 chya shaikshanik kayadyala manyata dilyanantar, aavashyak denagi puravanyasathi sthanik jamindaranvar curr lagoo karnyat aala. 1638 pasoon scotlandmadhye 'dusari sudharana' jhaali, rashtriy kararala vyapak pathimba deuun, charles aayachya dharmik navkalpananvar aakshep ghetala aanee kirkchya calvinism aanee presbyterianismchi pushti kelee. bishapchya yuddhannantar (1639-40), westminstermadhil sarkarpasoon scotlandla aabhasi swatantrya midale. kararkartyanchya kalpanansathi shikshan heey moolbhut rahile. 1646 chya shaikshanik kayadyat, jyane shalansathi karar tattvanvar eka thos sansthatmak paya sthapit keela, aanee dekharekhimadhye presbyterianchya bhoomikevar bharr dett, shaikshanik karachi choree karnyas anumati denari eka truti bund karnyat aalee. jaree 1660 madhye rajeshahichya punarsthapanemule 1633 chya sthitila ulatya valan midale asale, taree 1696 madhye naveen kayadyane 1646 chya tartudi "vayasathi adhik yogya" amalbajavanichya sadhanansah punarsanchayit kelya aanee pratyek parishmadhye shaala asanyache uddisht adhorekhit kele. grameen samudayanmadhye yaa kayadyanmule sthanik jamindaranna (varashdaranna) shaleche ghar upalabdh karoon dene aanee skotlandmadhye dominy mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya shalechya shikshakala paise dene bandhankarak hote, tarr mantri aanee sthanik presbyterian shikshan gunavattevar dekhrekh thevat asat. anek scottish shaharanmadhye, sthanik parishadandvare burg shaala chalavalya jaat asat. kahee shrimant vyaktinni patra vidyarthyansathi "rugnalaye", boarding shaala sthapan kelya, jase qee george herriot hospital, edinberg, jyachi sthapana 1628 madhye jhaali hotee aanee jyachi prabhavi imarat 1656 madhye 180 mulansathi ughadali gelee hotee. sataravya shatkachya uttaradhat sakhal pradeshat parrish shalanche mothya pramanat sampoorn jaale hote, parantu dongral pradeshat ajunahi anek bhagat moolbhut shikshanacha abhav hota.
atharavya shatkat.
shalechi imarat.
rugnalaye labharthyanni bandhane suruch thewale aanee yapaiki kahee atishay prabhavi imarati hotya, jase qee aberdinmadhil robbert gordenchya rugnalayachya, jyachi rachana 1730 chya dashakat william addam (1689-1748) yanni kelee hotee. atharavya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant bahutek shalanchya imarati gharanpasoon vegale karata yet navhatya, parantu krishi krantitil sampattimule vyapak punarbandhanicha karyakram jhaala. bahutek shalanmadhye ekach shalechi kholee hotee, jee 80 vidyarthyanna samavoon gheu shakat hotee, tee ekach shalechya mukhyadhyapkadvare shikavali jaat asey. arbhakanchya aanee mulinchya shikshanasathi shejari lahan kholya asoo shakatat. kahivela tyach shailitil shalechya shikshakache ghar jawalach asayache. naveen vyavsayik aanee vyavsayik vishayanmule adhik shikshakanna rojgar midalyane anek berg shaala atharavya shatkachya uttaradhapasun yaa adhyapan paddhatipasun door gelya. 1790 chya dashakapasun shahari shalanchi anekada sarvajanik vargani kinwa varsa yaa adhik prabhavi shastriy shailit punarbandhani kelee jaat asey aanee tyanche naav badaloon akadami asey karnyat aale.
lokshahichi dantkatha.
parrish shalanchya vyapak jaalyacha eka parinam mhanje 'lokshahi mithak' chee vaadh, jyane ekonisavya shatkat vyapak vishvas nirman keela qee anek 'jodidar' uchch padasathi vyavasthedvare uthanyas saksham hote aanee shejarchya rajyanpeksha, visheshtah englandpeksha scotlandmadhye saksharta adhik vyapak hotee. aata itihaskar heey manya karatat qee phaar qamee mule samajik pragatisathi haah marg avalambu shakali hotee aanee saksharta tulanatmak deshanpeksha lakshaniyaritya jaast navhati, kaaran parrish shalanmadhil shikshan moolbhut aanee alp hote aanee upasthiti anivarya navhati.
mulee.
atharavya shatkaparyant anek garib mulinna, vachan, shivankam aanee swayampak shikavanyasathi vidhva kinwa firki vyavsayikanni anaupacharikpane sthapan kelelya, garib shalanmadhye shikavale jaat hote. atharavya shatkachya suruvatiparyant kuleen sadasyanmadhye mulinchya shikshanat moolbhut saksharta aanee sankhyatmakata, suiche kaam, swayampak aanee gharguti vyavasthapanacha samavesh asane apekshit hote, tarr vinamra kamgiri aanee dharmanishthatevar dekhil bharr denyat aala. mahila nokaranmadhye swaksharivar aadharit mahila niraksharateche praman sataravya shatkachya uttaradhapasun atharavya shatkachya suruvatiparyant sumare 90 takke hote aanee purushanchya 35 takkyanchya tulanet 1750 paryant serve padanvaril mahilansathi kadachit 85 takke hote. ekoon saksharateche praman sampoorn englandchya tulanet kinchit jaast hote, parantu mahilanche praman tyanchya ingraji samkakshanchya tulanet khoopach qamee hote.
unch pradesh.
scottish dongral pradeshat, lokpriy shikshanala antar aanee sharirik algikaran yaa samasyanmule tasech shikshakanche aanee mantryanche prathamik sthanik bhasha scottish gelikache maryadit dnyan yamule aavhan hote. yethe khristi dnyanala protsahan denyasathi scottish societyne 1709 pasoon sthapan kelelya kurks parrish shalanna purak kele. ingraji bhasha shikavane aanee bandkhor jacobitismshy sambandhit roman catholic dharmashi asalele sambandh sampavane haah dongral bhagatil tyacha uddesh hota. ess. ess. pii. see. shalanmadhye akheris gelikmadhye shikavale jaat asale taree, ekoon parinamamule dongral sanskratichi dhoop jhaali. tulanene sakhal grameen samajachya tulanet dongral bhagat saksharateche praman qamee hote aanee asey prayatna karoonahi niraksharta ekonisavya shatkaparyant prachalit rahili.
ekonisavya shatkat.
church shaala.
jasjasa samaj shaharikaran jhaala aanee loksankhya vadhali tastashi taratudinmadhye ghat vadhat gelee. church auph scotlandchya sarvasadharan sabhene 1824 madhye eka shaikshanik samitee sthapan kelee. samiteene 1865 paryant 214 'vidhansabha shaala' sthapan kelya hotya. 120 'satra shaala' dekhil hotya, jyaa pramukhyane shaharanmadhye kirk satrandware sthapan kelya gelya aanee garibanchya mulanna lakshya kelya gelya. gelya vyatyayamule, jyane scotlandche mukt church tayar kele, tyane kirk shaala pranaliche tukade kele. shalanmadhil 408 shikshak mukt charchmadhye sameel jhaale. meey 1847 paryant assa dawa karnyat aala hota qee, done shikshak prashikshan mahavidhyalaye aanee eka mantri prashikshan mahavidhyalayasaha 500 shaala bandhanyat aalya aahet, 513 shaley shikshakanna thet kendriya shikshan nidhitun paise dile jaat aahet aanee 44,000 hoon adhik mulanna mofat church shalanmadhye shikavale jaat aahe. ekonisavya shatkat mothya sankhyene ayrish sthalantaritanchya yenyamule, visheshtah deshachya pashchimekadil shahari bhagat, 1817 madhye glasgopasoon suruvat houn catholic shaala sthapan jhalya. 1872 paryant 12,000 vidyarthyansah 65 catholic shaala hotya. church shaala pranali aata teen pramukh sansthanmadhye vibhagali gelee hotee, sthapit kirk, mukt church aanee catholic church.
purak shikshan.
parrish vyavasthela purak bananyachya prayatnanmadhye ravivarchya shalancha samavesh hota. 1780 chya dashakat nagarparishadedware suruvatila suru jhalelya tyaa ekonisavya shatkat serve dharmik panthanni swikarlya. 1890 chya dashakat hii chalval shikharavar pohochali. 1890 paryant baptismaranchya charchpeksha ravivarchya shaala jaast hotya aanee teey 10,000 hoon adhik mulanna shikavat hote. 1895 saalee, yaa shalanmadhye 50,000 shikshak church auph scotlandmadhye kaam karat hote aanee glasgomadhil glasgomadhil vayogatatil 60 takke mulanchi tyanchya pustakanvar nondani karnyat aalee hotee. 1830 aanee 1840 chya dashakapasun mission shaala, khadbadit shaala, baibal sanstha aanee sudharana varg dekhil hote, jeey serve prakarchya protestantvadachya sadasyansathi khule hote aanee visheshtah vadhatya shahari kamgar varganna lakshya karat hote. besahara mulanna mofat shikshan denyacha prayatna, yaa khadbadit shaley chalvaline keela. yaa kalpana aberdinemadhye mandanyat aalya, jithe sherief william watsonne udyog aanee aashray gharachi sthapana kelee aanee scottish mantri thomas guthri yanni tyanche samarthan kele, jyanni 'pier phaur ragged schools' (1847) lihile, jyanantar tyaa vegane brittenmadhye pasarlya.
siddhant aanee sarav.
shikshak shikshanachya vikasat scotsney mothee bhoomika bajavali. andrew belane (1753-1832) dekhrekh pranalicha pudhakar ghetala, jyadvare adhik saksham vidyarthi tyanni shikaleli mahitee itar mulanparyant pohochavatil aanee jee vidyarthi-shikshak prashikshan pranalimadhye vikasit jhaali. too pudhe peablesche sherief-deput johnn wood yanni vikasit keela, jeey vargat tivra spardha aanee kathor shistala anukool hote. yaulat, 1828 madhye glassgo yethe scotlandmadhye pahili balwadi sthapan sthapan david stoe (1793-1864) yanni khelachya mahattvavar bharr deela aanee shalechya khelachya maidanachya kalpanechya vikasavar tyancha atyant prabhav hota. tyanni shikshak aanee mool yanchyatil bandhavar laksh kendrit kele aanee prashikshit praudh shikshakanvar kendrit asalelya 'glassgo paddhati' chey samarthan kele. tyanni united kingadammadhe pahile shikshak prashikshan mahavidhyalay, glassgo samanya shikshanalayachi sthapana kelee. jevha, mothya vyatyanantar, teey scotlandchya charchchi malmatta mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale, tevha tyanni 1845 madhye mukt church samanya seminarychi sthapana kelee. akheris lakadachya kalpananni scottish shaikshanik vyavasthet mothee bhoomika bajavali kaaran tyaa 1872 chya sudharananmule jhalelya jalad vistar aanee qamee kharchachya garjeshi julalya. scottish shalechya shikshakanni tosschya kadakpana aanee varanvar vaparasathi pratishtha midavali, eka tokala ghodyachya chamadyacha patta futala jyamule vidyarthyanchya hatanna danshaspad shiksha jhaali.
aayog.
rajyane vadhatya niyantranala hatbhar lavlyamule, samajalya gelelya samasya aanee scottish shaley vyavastheche vibhajan yamule dharmnirpekshatechi prakriya suru jhaali. 1830 pasoon rajyane anudanane imaratinna nidhi denyas suruvat kelee, tyanantar 1846 pasoon teey thet prayojakatvadvare shalanna nidhi puravat hote. 1861 chya shaikshanik kayadyane hii tartud kadhoon takali qee scottish shikshakanna church auph scotlandche sadasya asane aavashyak aahe kinwa westminster kabulijbab swikarane aavashyak aahe. 1866 madhye sarkarne shaley vyavasthecha aadhava ghenyasathi, 8 weey duke auph argil vhig grandy george campbelle yanchya netrutvakhali argil aayogachi sthapana kelee. tyat asey aadhalun aale qee shikshanachi garaj asalelya 500,000 mulanpaiki 200,000 mule karyaksham paristhitit, 200,000 shalanmadhye sanshayaspad gunvattechya, konatyahi tapasanishivay aanee 90,000 mulanna ajibat shikshan milat navhate. jaree yachee tulana englandmadhil paristhitishi kelee gelee, 14 takke adhik mule shikshan ghet aahet aanee tulanene qamee niraksharta darr 10 teey 20 takke aahe, germany, netherlands, switzerland aanee scandineviasarkhya sarvottam sushikshit deshanpramanech, yaa ahavalacha vapar vyapak sudharanansathi samarthan mhanoon karnyat aala. tyacha parinam 1872 chaa shikshan (scotland) kayada hota, joou 1870 madhye ingland aanee velsasathi prathamik shikshan kayada mhanoon manjur karnyat aala, parantu adhik vyapak upay pradan karat hota.
1872 kayada.
yaa kayadyantargat andaje 1,000 pradeshik shaley mandale sthapan karnyat aalee aanee englandmadhye tyanni keval taratudinmadhil truti bharoon kadhanyacha prayatna keela tyaulat, tyanni tabadtob junya aanee naveen kirkchya shaala tabyat ghetalya aanee englandmadhye aavashyak asalelya dashkanantar navhe tarr upasthiti lagoo karnyas saksham jhaale. kahee asvachch aanee audhyogik shalanni mandalanni tabyat ghenyachi vinanti kelee, tarr itar ravivari shaala mhanoon suru rahilya. 5 teey 13 varshe vayogatatil serve mule upasthit rahaychi hotee. garibi heey eka nimitt mhanoon sweekarle gele nahee aanee kharab kayadyantargat kahee madat puravali gelee. shalechya upasthiti samiteene yachee amalbajavani kelee, tarr mandalanni taratudinmadhil truti bharoon kadhanyasathi imaratimadhye swatahla guntavale. yamule eka motha karyakram jhaala jyamule mothya sankhyene bhavya, uddeshane bandhalelya shaala nirman jhalya. ekoon prashasana londonmadhil scotch (nantar scottish) shikshan vibhagachya hatat hote. jaganchi magani jaast hotee aanee yaa kayadyanantarchya eka pidhisathi anek varganmadhye gardi hotee, jyat eka kholeet 70 paryant mulanna shikavale jaat hote. parikshanmadhye uttirnanchya nishchit sankhyevar bharr dilyane rattyane barech kahee shikata aale aanee tapasanichya pranalimule sarvat kamkuvat mulannahi kahee tathyansah khodale gele. 1872 teey 1914 darmyan mandalanni shaley imaraticha eka vyapak karyakram haatee ghetala hota. jithe jaaga hotee tyaa naveen mandalachya shaala done majali unch hotya, parantu gardichya shahari thikani tyaa chaar majali unch asoo shakatat aanee 1,000 mulanna rahnyasathi tyanchi rachana kelee jaau shakate. episcopelian aanee catholic shaala vyavasthebaher rahilya, 1900 paryant catholic shalanchi sankhya 188 paryant vadhali, 58,000 vidyarthyanna seva dilee.
madhyamik shikshan.
ingraji kayadyachya ulat, scottish sarkarne madhyamik shikshanasathi kahee tartud kelee. scottish shikshan vibhagacha madhyamik shikshanacha vistar karnyacha hetu hota, parantu sarvatrik vyavastha nirman karnyacha tyancha hetu navhata. prathamik shalanmadhye vyavsayik purak shikshan suru karane hii pasantichi paddhat hotee, jyala nantar pragat vibhag mhanoon olakhale gele, vayachya 14 vya varshaparyant, jevha vidyarthi nokarichya shodhat nighun jaatil. heey vadgrast hote kaaran ujjwal 'laad oo parts' sathee vidyapithakade jaanyacha shaley shikshan haah sambhavya marg hota yaa poshit tattwala virodh karnare asey disate. mothya shahari shaley mandalanni berg shalanna swast paryay mhanoon sumare 200 "uchch shreni" (madhyamik) shaala sthapan kelya. yapaiki kahee purvichya vyakaran shaala hotya, jase qee glassgo aanee edinberg hyschool, aberdine nyu hyschool aanee parth akadami. kahee rugnalaye divas shaala bunley aanee mothya pramanat swatantra rahili, tarr edinbergmadhil faits mahavidhyalayasaha kahee ingraji modelver sarvajanik shaala banalya. merchiston, loretto shaala aanee triiniity college, glenalmond yasarkhya itar sarvajanik shaala shatkachya madhyabhagi udayas aalya. yaa badalancha parinam mhanje garibanchya mulanna madhyamik shikshan milane khoop katheen jhaale aahe ashee bheeti hotee. tathapi, yaa shatkachya uttaradhat vidyapithachya vidyarthyanpaiki andaje eka chaturthansh vidyarthi heey kamgar vargache mool asalele, mukhytah arthvyavasthechya kushal aanee swatantra kshetrantil asalyache varnan kele jaau shakate. madhyamik shikshanasathi rashtriy manke nishchit karnyasathi scottish shikshan vibhagane 1888 madhye sodanyachya pramanpatrachi pariksha suru kelee. 1890 madhye shaley shulk radd karnyat aale, jyamule rajya-anudanit, samanya parikshansah anivarya mofat moolbhut shikshanachi rashtriy pranali tayar jhaali.
visavya shatkat.
visavya shatkachya suruvatila.
1918 chya shikshan (scotland) kayadyane sarvatrik mofat madhyamik shikshanache tattva sadar kele, jaree aarthik sankat aanee sedchya pratikaramule tyachi amalbajavani karnyasathi jawaljawal done dashake lagali. prathamik shalanche bahutek pragat vibhag kanishth madhyamik jhaale, jithe vidyarthyanna vayachya 14 vya varshaparyant vyavsayikdrushtya kendrit shikshan midale. junya akadami aanee uchch shrenichya shaala varishtha madhyamik jhalya, jyamule vidyarthyanna adhik shaikshanik shikshan midale, vidyarthyanna sodanyache pramanpatra dile gele, jeey vidyapithansathi pravesh patrata hote. done prakarchya shalanmadhil nivad vayachya 12 vya varshi buddhimatta chachanidware nishchit kelee jaat asey, jee bolchalani bhashet 'kwali' mhanoon olakhali jaanari 'patrata pariksha' asate. 1918 chya kayadyane episcopelian aanee roman catholic shalanna rajya vyavasthet aanale. bahutek episcopelian shaala sthanik vilinikaranadvare villin kelya jaatil, tarr 1918 madhye 94,000 vidyarthyansah 224 catholic shalanni tyanche vegale dharmik swaroop, padrinna shalanmadhye pravesh aanee shaletil karmchari charchala swikararh asanyachi aavashyakta kayam thewali. yaa nirnayavar kahee protestantni pradirgh aakshep ghetala, jyanni catholic shalanna rajya nidhi "daranvar romi" asalyachi takrar kelee. yaa kayadyane shaley mandalanchya jaagi 38 vishesh sthanik shikshan pradhikarane sthapan kelee, jyanna catholic alpasankhyakanchya hakkanche rakshan karnyasathi pramanbaddh pratinidhitvadvare nivadle gele. 1929 madhye heey sthanik sarkarmadhye villin kele gele. yuddhadarmyan naveen shalechi imarat pramukhyane upnagari vikasashi sambandhit hotee. jaaga qamee maryadit hotee aanee aadhuniktavadatil kahee prayoganmule shaili sopya honyacha cull hota.
ingland aanee velsmadhil shikshan kayada 1944 chya ulat, jyane tripakshiy pranali sthapan kelee, shikshan (scotland) kayada 1945 haah ektrikaran upay hota, kaaran sarvatrik madhyamik shikshan aadhich eka dashakapeksha jaast kalapasoon astitvat hote. 1940 chya dashakat shaala sodanyache vay 15 paryant vadhavanyachya yojananna kadhihi manyata denyat aalee nahee, parantu vadhatya sankhyela prathamik shikshanachya palikade rahile aanee akheris 1973 madhye tee 16 paryant vadhavanyat aalee. parinami, madhyamik shikshan heey vadhiche pramukh kshetra hote, visheshtah mulinsathi, jeey sampoorn shatkat vadhatya sankhyene purnavel shikshanat rahile. kamgar mantri tomm johnson yanni sthapan kelelya shikshan sallagar parishadene madhyamik shikshanavaril 1947 chya ahavalat nivadicha ant prastavit keela aanee jaree kamgar aanee puranmatvadi sarkaranni too nakarla asala taree too sudharanansathi eka mapdand banala.
visavya shatkachya uttaradhat.
1965 madhye kamgar sarkarne nivad sampushtat aanali, jyane parishadanni eka prakarchi sarvasamaveshak madhyamik shaala tayar karanyachi shifaras kelee, jee dilelya shejarchya serve mulanna gheuun jaeel. jaeel dashakachya uttaradhaparyant 75 takke mule nivad naan jhalelya shalanmadhye hotee aanee aanee dashakachya suruvatiparyant khasgi shalanmadhil keval paach takke mule nivadichya adheen hotee. naveen shaala pramukhyane naveen shahare aanee gruhnirman yojananchya nirmitishi sambandhit hotya. yaa kalat shaley imaratichi konatihi vishisht scottish shaili navhati aanee englandmadhye vaparlya vaparlya namunyanmadhye teey pratibimbit hote, jeey aarakhadyat adhik khule aanee rachnet qamee kathor hote. vidyaman shalanchehi baal-kendrit shikshanasathi rupantar karnyat aale.
badalatya aakanksha aanee arthshastracha samna karnyasathi naveen patrata vikasit karnyat aalya, aanee sodanyachya pramanpatrachya jaagi 1962 madhye scottish pramanpatra samanya shreni ('oo-grade') aanee uchch shreni ('uchch') patrata denyat aalee, jee vidyapithachya abhyasasathi moolbhut pravesh patrata bunley. 1980 chya dashakat hyaeivaji manak shreni patrata ghenyat aalee. shaikshanik patratechya adhik upalabdhatemule vidyarthyanna shalet rahnyas protsahan midale. 1967 madhye 22 takke vidyarthi 15 varshanpeksha jaast vayache rahile, parantu 1994 paryant 16 varshanpeksha jaast vidyarthi 74 takke hote. 1975 madhye sthanik sarkarchi punarrachana, jyane nauu mukhya bhoomi aanee teen lahan bett pradhikarananna shikshan hastantarit kele, jyamule mothee shahari kendre asalelyanna garib bhagat sansadhananche punarvitaran karanyachi parvanagi midali, jyamule shikshan vyapak samajik sudharananchya karyakramacha bhag banale. 1980 chya dashakat kshamatechya sampoorn shrenicha vichar karnyasathi abhyaskramat sudharana karnyat aalee. 1955 madhye keval 22 takke vidyarthyanni samanya vargat paach kinwa tyahoon adhik uttirnata midavali. 1995 paryant manak shreneet samatulya midvanyache praman 55 takke hote. 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila mulinchi prapti mulanmadhye adakali mhanoon lingbhed nahise jhaale.

