
isayache pustak

isayache pustak () heey hibru baybalmadhil nantarchya sandeshtyanpaiki pahile aanee khrishchan junya kararatil pramukh sandeshtyanpaiki pahile aahe. eka adhilekhanadvare teey isavi sunpoorv 8vya shatkatil isaiah baine amoz yaa sandeshtache shabd mhanoon olakhale jaate, parantu tyacha barachsa bhag babylonian bandivasat asatana aanee nantar rachala gela asey purave aahet. johann christophe doderlain 1775 madhye suchavale qee yaa pustakat done sandeshtyanchi kaame aahet jee eka shatkahoon adhik kalapasoon vibhakt aahet aanee bernhard dahamne 20 vya shatkatil bahutansh kalat ekmatane asey mutt mandale qee yaa pustakat teen swatantra daivadnyanche sangrah aaheth proto-isaiah (adhyay 1-39), jyat isavi sunpoorv 8 vya shatkatil sandeshta isayache shabd aahet; deutero-isaiah (adhyay 40-55), nirvasanadarmyan isavi sunpoorv 6 vya shatkatil eka anamik lekhakache lekhan; aanee trito-isaiah (adhyay 56-66), nirvasanapasun paratalyanantar rachale gele. isaiah 1-33 haah juda, jerusalem aanee rashtransathi nyayniwada aanee punarsthapanache vachan deto aanee 34-66 adhyay asey gruheet dharatat qee nyayniwada ghoshit karnyat aala aahe aanee punarsthapana lavkarach hoil. aaj kahee vidwan sampoorn pustakache, kinwa tyateel bahutansh, ekach vyaktiche shrey dett asale taree, pustakachi aavashyak ekata alikadil sanshodhanat kendrasthani aalee aahe.
nirvasanatil aanee nantarchya jerusalemchya bhavitavyavaril vistarit dhyan mhanoon heey pustak vachata yete.
pustakachya deutero-isean bhagat varnan kele aahe qee, julami (babylone) chaa naash karananya eka shahee tarankartyadvare (eka masiha) dev jerusalemla tyachya jaagtik rajvatiche kendra kase bunwell; haah masiha pertian raja cyrus daad gret aahe, joou keval yahvehche rajya ghadavanara pratinidhi aahe. isaiah bhrasht netyanviruddha aanee vanchitansathi bolato aanee nyayipanachi mule israelchya kararapeksha devachya pavitratemadhye aahet.
dusya mandir kalatil (ii. sha.) yahudhyanmadhye isaiah hii sarvat lokpriy krutee hotee. 515 ii. sha. puu.-70 ii. sha.). khristi vartulanmadhye, yala 'pachvi suvarta' mhanoon sambodhale jayache, aanee tyacha prabhav khrishchan dharmachya palikade ingraji sahityaparyant aanee sarvasadharanpane pashchatya sanskratiparyant, handelchya 'masiha' chya granthsangrahapasun 'nangaranmadhye talwari' aanee 'valvantatil aavaj' yasarkhya dainandin vakyanshanparyant vistarato.
rachana.
20vya shatkatil bahutansh kalat serve vidvananchya ekmatane isayachya pustakat daivadnyanache teen vegvegale sangrah pahile. pustakachya yaa samajutivar aadharit eka vaishishtyapurn ruparesha, tyanchya lekhak asalelya aitihasik vyaktinchya olakhichya drushtine tyachi antarnihit rachana pahateh
sarvasadharan sahmaticha eka bhag ajunahi kayam asala taree, teen vegalya vibhaganni banalelya isayachya yaa samjala 20 vya shatkachya shevatchya timahit eka aamulagra aavhan midale. naveen drushtikon lekhakanaivaji pustakachya sahityik aanee aupcharik vaishishtyanchya drushtine pahato aanee tyat adhyay 33 aanee 34 madhye vibhagaleli done bhaganchi rachana pahatoh
saransh.
isaiah yaa pustakala done bhaganche pustak (adhyay 1-33 aanee 34-66) mhanoon pahane, jyachi vyapak sankalpana aahe, tyamule tyateel aashayancha saransh khalilpramane midatoh
yaa pustakache teen baryapaiki vegale vibhag mhanoon olakhanyayogya lekhakanshi sambandhit asalele june samaj yaa udaharanapramane, tyateel samagriche adhik anuroop chitra darshavateh
rachana.
lekhakatva.
isaichya pustakat isavi sunpoorv 8vya shatkat yahudachya rajyat rahana isaiah navachya aitihasik sandeshtyamadhye mool aahe heey sarvadoor manya kele jaat asale taree, yaa sandeshtyane isayache sampoorn pustak lihile navhate heey dekhil vyapakpane manya kele jaate.
isayachya rachanechya itihasatoon pracheen israyalmadhye aanee aadhunik samajat lekhakachya manalya jaananya paddhatimadhye motha farak disun yeto; anamik rahunahi vidyaman karyala purak karane heey pracheen lokanni ayogya manale nahee. lekhak anamik asale taree, teey serve pujari hote heey vajvi aahe aanee asha prakare heey pustak, arthshastravadyanchya vadhatya yashasvi sudharana chalvaliviruddha, purohitanchya chinta pratibimbit karoo shakate.
aitihasik sandarbh.
aitihasik isaiah baine aamoj ii. sha. puu. 8vya shatkachya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant chaar rajanchya karkirdit jyuda rajyat rahat hota. yaa kalat, assyria aadhunik kalatil uttar irakmadhil tyachya utpattipasun paschimekade bhoomadhyasagarachya dishene vistarat hota, 734-732 madhye pahila aram (aadhunik siiriya) nasht karat hota, nantar israyalache rajya 722-721 madhye aanee shevati 701 madhye judala parabhoot karat hota. proto-isaiah heey padya aanee gadya parichhedanmadhye vibhagale gele aahe aanee sadhyacha eka lokpriy siddhant assa aahe qee padya parichhed mool 8 vya shatkatil isayachya bhavishyavaniche pratinidhitva karatat, tarr gadya vibhag heey tyachya granthanvaril "pravachan" aahet jeey shambhar varshannantar, 7 vya shatkachya shevati joshiachya darbarat lihile gele.
babylone jerusalemvar vijay midavalyane aanee ii. sha. puu. 586 madhye tyachya uchchabhru lokanchya haddaparamule pustakachya nirmitichya pudhil tappyachi suruvat jhaali. deutero-isaiah nirvasit jyoo lokanna parat yenyachi aasha dett swatahla sambodhit karato. haah parshiyacha raja cyrus daad gret yachya netrutvakhalil ulkapind uday kaal hota-ii. sha. puu. 559 madhye too aadhunik purv iranmadhil eka chhotyasha jagirdar rajyacha shasak mhanoon tyachya vadilanchya jaagi aala, 540 paryant tyane bhoomadhya samudrapasun madhya ashiyaparyant pasarlelya samrajyavar rajya kele aanee 539 madhye tyane babylone jinkale. babylonechya aasann patanabaddal deutero-isayache andaj aanee israyalacha uddharak mhanoon sayarasache tyache gaurav heey tyachya bhavishyavani ii. sha. puu. chya 550-539 paryant aanee kadachit yaa kalachya akheris aahet.
pertian lokanni yahudhyancha haddapar sampavala aanee ii. sha. puu. 515 paryant nirvasit kinwa kiman tyanchyapaiki kahee jerusalemla paratale aanee mandir punha bandhale. matra, paratava haah adchanivina navhtah parat aalelya lokanmadhye, jeey deshat rahile hote aanee jyanchyakade aata jameen aahe, tyanchyashi sangharsh hota aanee konatya prakarchya sarkarchya sthapanebabat aanakhi sangharsh hote. hii parshvabhoomi trito-isayacha sandarbh tayar karate.
vishay.
vihangavalokan.
isaiah jagachya devachya yojnet jerusalemchya mukhya bhoomikevar laksh kendrit karato, shatkanushatke itihasakade pahato, janoo teey serve 8 vya shatkatil isaiah sandeshtache ekach darshan hote. proto-isaiah israyalachya devachya parityagabaddal aanee tyanantar kaay hoil yabaddal bolatoh israyal paradeshi shatrundware nasht hoil, parantu lock, desh aanee jerusalemla shiksha aanee shuddha kelyanantar, eka pavitra avashesh zionmadhil devachya jaagi raheel, devachya nivadalelya raja (masiha) dware shasit, devachya upasthitit aanee sanrakshanakhali; deutero-isayacha vishay dusya palaynamadhye israyalachi babylonemadhil bandivasatun sutka aahe, jyachi vyavastha israyalacha dev pertian vijeta sirasacha vapar karoon tyacha pratinidhi mhanoon karel; trito-isaiah jerusalem, mandir, shabbath aanee israyalachya taranasandarbhat aahe. (adhik spashtapane, nirvasananantarchya kalat jerusalem aanee palestinemadhye rahana jyoo lokanmadhye kona dev-premi jyoo aahe aanee kona nahee yabaddal sadhyache prashna sambandhit aahet). walter bruegmanne yaa vyapak kathanakache varnan "jerusalemchya bhavitavyavar satatche dhyan" asey kele aahe.
pavitrata, nyay aanee devachi yojana.
jagasathichi devachi yojana, tyane jerusalemla, jithe too swatahla prakat karel, aanee devidchya vanshala tyacha pruthvivaril pratinidhi mhanoon nivadivar aadharit aahe-eka vishay joou jerusalemne ii. sha. puu. 701 madhye assyri hallyapasoon sutka karoon ghetala asava. dev haah "israelacha pavitra dev" aahe; nyay aanee nyay heey asey guna aahet jeey devache saar darshavtat aanee israelane anyayavdare dewala dukhavale aahe. isaiah garib aanee shoshitansathi aanee bhrasht rajkumar aanee nyayadhishanviruddha bolato, parantu aamos aanee meekha yaa sandeshtyanpramane too nyayipanachi mule devashi asalelya israyalachya kararat navhe tarr devachya pavitratemadhye jopasato.
ekeshwarvad.
isaiah 44:6 madhye ekeshvarvadache pahile spasht vidhan aaheh "mea pahila aahe aanee mea shevatcha aahe; majhyashivay konatahi dev nahee". isaiah 44:09-20 madhye, heey moorti banavane aanee tyanchi pooja karnyavar eka vyang mhanoon vikasit kele gele aahe, jyat tyane swatah koralelya murtichi pooja karananya sutaranchya murkhpanachi khilli udavali aahe. yahvene yapurvi itar devanpeksha aapale shreshthatva dakhavale hote, tarr dusya isaiah madhye too jagacha ekmev dev banato. ekeshvarvadache heey model nirvasananantarchya judismche paribhashit vaishishtya banale aanee khrishchan aanee islamcha aadhar banale.
naveen palayan.
dusya isayacha madhyavarti vishay mhanje naveen palayan-nirvasit lokanche israyalache babylonhoon jerusalemla parat yene. lekhak yahveh yanchya netrutvakhalil zion (juda) yethe dharmik paratavyachi kalpana karato. yaa sankalpaneche mahatva dusya isayachya (40:3-5,55:12-13) suruvatila aanee shevati tyachya sthanadvare soochit kele jaate. heey naveen palayan varanvar daivi margdarshanakhali egyptmadhun cananla israyalachya palaynasah jodale gele aahe, parantu naveen ghatkansah. yaa duvyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
nantar arth aanee prabhav.
dusra mandir jude dharm (ii. sha. puu. 515-ii. sha. puu. 70).
isaiah heey dusya mandirachya sthapanechya darmyanchya kalatil sarvat lokpriy kamanpaiki eka hote. ii. sha. puu. 515 aanee ii. sha. 70 madhye romananni tyacha naash keela. isayache 'shhoot [jeey] jessichya stumpmadhun yeil' yacha ullekh solomanchya stotranmadhye aanee vividh sarvanashkari krutinmadhye keela aahe, jyat enokh, 2 baruk, 4 ezra aanee tisya cibiline oraclechi upama samavisht aahe, yaa sarvanna teey aii/daad masiha aanee daad masihai yug sandarbhit karate asey samajale. isaiah 6, jyamadhye isaiah mandirat sinhasanavar basalelya devachya tyachya drushtikonache varnan karato, tyane hanok pustakachya "nirikshakanche pustak" vibhag, danielche pustak aanee itar karyanmadhye devachya darshananvar prabhav padala, jeey anekada easkielchya pustakatil samaan drushtikonashi jodale gele. yashayacha eka atishay prabhavshali bhag mhanje yashaya 42,49,50 aanee 52 pasoon pidit sevakachi chaar tathakathit ganee hotee, jyamadhye dev tyachya sevkala rashtranche netrutva karnyasathi bolavato (sevkala bhayankarpane shivigal kelee jaate, itaranna milanari shiksha swikaranyasathi swatahla balee dile jaate aanee shevati tyala bakshis dile jaate). solomanche dnyan aanee danielchya pustakasah kahee dusya mandir granthanni sevkala eka gut mhanoon olakhale-'dnyani' joou 'anekanna nitimatvakade neil' (daniele 12:3)-parantu itar, visheshtah hanokhchi udaharane, teey mashihi bhashet samajoon ghetale. 
khrishchan dharm.
pracheen khrishchananni, hanokhchya machini vyakhyevar aadhar ghet, isaiah 52:13-53:12 yaa ganyanpaiki chauthya bhagacha arth, yeshuchya mrutyuchi aanee stutichi bhavishyavani mhanoon lavala, jee bhoomika yeshune swatah luke 4:17-21 nusar sweekarli. isayache pustak, virgine mereechya bhaktipasoon teey yahoodi-virodhi vadavivad, madhyayugeen utkat pratimashastra aanee aadhunik khrishchan strivad aanee mukti dharmashastraparyant, khristi dharmachya nirmitimadhye prachand prabhavshali rahile aahe. jyaa aadarat isayacha aadar keela jaat hota too itka uchch hota qee yaa pustakala varanvar 'pachvi suvarta' asey mhatale jaat aseh joou itar konatyahi pustakanpeksha khrist aanee charchbaddal adhik spashtapane bolala. tyacha prabhav church aanee khrishchananchya palikade ingraji sahityaparyant aanee sarvasadharanpane pashchatya sanskratiparyant, handelchya 'masiha' chya granthsangrahapasun teey 'talvaranpasun nangaraparyant' aanee 'valvantatil aavaj' yasarkhya dainandin vakyanshanparyant pasarlela aahe.
isaiah paulin patranmadhye sandeshtyanchya 37 paiki 27 uddharane pradan karato aanee shubhavartamanmadhye aanee preshitanchya krutyanmadhye tyache sthan abhimanane ghete. jethe dev raja aahajala aashvasan dett aahe qee dev israyal aanee siriyachya aakramankari sainyapasoon judala vachvel, too kumarika janmachya tyachya siddhantasathi aadhar aahe, tarr isayachi nirvasit israyalachi pratima, devachya netrutvakhali aanee valvantatun navyane bandhalelya rastyavar jerusalemla jaat asatana, charahi shubhavartamananni tee ghetali aanee johnn baptist aanee yeshula lagoo kelee.
khristi 53 vya adhyayakade aanee tyat eka pidit sevakachi charcha, yeshu khristachya vadhastambhavar khilanyachi eka lakshavedhi bhavishyavani mhanoon darshavtat, joou isayacha bhavishyavani asalela masiha aahe.
ibri baybalachya vaparat isayache nehmich pramukh sthan hote asey disate aanee yeshu swatah isayachya kholvar prabhavakhali hota ashee shakyata aahe. asha prakare khrishchananna parichit asalelya isayachya anek parichhedanchi lokpriyata thet isayachya madhyamatoon nahee tarr yeshu aanee suruvatichya khrishchan lekhakanni tyancha vapar kelyamule jhaali-heey prakatikaran pustakachya babatit visheshtah kharey aahe, jeey tyachya bhasha aanee pratimesathi isayachya varr mothya pramanat avalambun aahe.
bahya duve.
anuvad