
rung prasaran hastantaran chhapyanche sanwardhan-punarsthapana

rung prasaran hastantaran chhapyanche sanwardhan-punarsthapana hii snrakshak-punarsthapanakartyandra rung prasaran hastantaran chhapyanchi kalji ghenyachi aanee tyanchi dekhbhal karanyachi prakriya aahe, jenekarun tyanche swaroop aanee tyat asaleli mahitee jatan kelee jaau shakate. yaat snrakshak, sangrahvadi aanee itar sangrahalay vyavsayik gheu shakananya prakriyancha samavesh aahe. yaa saravamadhye rung prasaran hastantaran chhapanchi rachana aanee ghatakanche ghatak samajoon ghene, tasech pratibandhatmak sanwardhan aanee pratibandhatmak sanwardhan upay jeey ghetale jaau shakatat teey samajoon ghene samavisht aahe.
rung prasaran hastantaran chhapancha itihas.
rung prasaran hastantaran chhapai hii asha prakriyedvare banavaleli chhayachitre aahet jithe rasayanik abhikarmak asaleli philm tyaa uddeshasathi visheshtah tayar kelelya twarit cameadware vikasit kelee jaate. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapai tayar karnari pratha pratham edwin etch yanni suru kelee. 1947 madhye, jyanni yaa tantrala dhruviy-jameen prakriya mhatale. hii prarambhik chhap sepiya tonemadhye tayar kelee gelee hotee aanee jasjase rasayanshastra pudhe sarkat gele tastashi 1950 paryant kharee kalya aanee pandhya rangachi chhap suru karnyat aalee aanee tyanantar 1963 madhye ranganchya chhapil chhapil chhapil ranganchya prasarala tyanchya jalad prakriyemule kinwa polaride yaa brand navane twarit philm mhanoon sambodhale jaate kaaran hii companych hotee jine pahilyanda lokansamor tantradnyan aanale hote. kodakne 1976 madhye tyanchi swatachi aavrutti aanee 1981 madhye fujifilm suru kelee. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapai khajgi aanee vyavsayik kshetranmadhye tasech teey chhedana thikani upayukt aahet. aadhunik sanskratimadhye teey konatya prakare vinale jaatat yacha vichar karoon heey moolya samajale jaau shakate. udaharanarth, teey dainandin jivanache dastaivajikaran karnyacha eka marg mhanoon karya karoo shakatat, sookshm vaidyakeey kinwa tapasatmak mahitee pradan karoo shakatat kinwa kalecha eka prakar mhanoon vaparale jaau shakatat. encel edams aanee merrie kosindas yanchyasarkhe vyavsayik heey yaa kaleche suruvatiche anukulan karnare hote, tyanni tyanchya garajenusar tyanchi swatachi upkarane tayar karnyasathi camera utpadkanshi bhagidari dekhil kelee hotee.
sanwardhan-punarsthapana.
sanskrutik varshache sanwardhan-punarsthapana heey eka asey kshetra aahe jyamadhye prashikshit vyavsayik vartaman aanee bhavee pidhyansathi dnyan midvanyachya uddeshane kalakrutinchi dirghakalin kalji vyavasthapit karnyasathi kaam karatat. yaa kamat sangrah kaljimadhye pratibandhatmak-sanrakshanachya sarvottam paddhatinvar vataghati karane aanee aavashyak asalyas kevha aanee konatya prakarchya upcharanchi aavashyakta asoo shakate heey tharvane samavisht aahe. kahee paristhitinmadhye, snrakshak-punarsthapana karnare ranganchya prasar hastantaran chhapanchya pratima kharab sthiteet sudharanyasathi eka adviteey marg nivadu shakatatah digital tantradnyanacha vapar. hii paddhat dekhil eka achook tantra nahee, kaaran kahee chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhapil chhap
pratibandhatmak sanwardhan.
pratibandhatmak sanwardhan haah sanwardhan-punarsthapanecha eka aayam aahe joou kalakrutinna nuksan honyapasoon rokhanyachi kinwa qamee karanyachi garaj darshavito. thodakyat, phillip wardney dilela muddah hii pratha olakhateh "hasad apariharya nahee...tyachi karane niyantrit karoon bighadane qamee kele jaate."yaa pratimanatil sadhyachya sarvottam paddhatinmadhye, suruvatila 1994 madhye charley coastenne olakhalya gelelya, ghatakanche karak kase talhave yacha vichar, kalakrutinna asalelya pramukh dhokyanchi yadee mhanoon karane samavisht aahe. yapaiki kahee ghatak itaranpeksha prasar hastantaran chhapyanna rung denyasathi adhik chinteche kaaran asale taree, teey serve tyanchya babatit sambhavya samasyapradhan aahet aanee tyancha vichar keela pahije.
adhogatiche karak.
ghat honyache karak heey daha pramukh ghatak aahet jeey kalakrutinna bhedasavana jokhaminmadhye yogdan denyasathi olakhale jaatat. yapaiki keval eka gatishilatemule aparivartaniy nuksan houu shakate, tarr ayogya paristhiti kinwa ghatananmule tyapaiki ekapeksha jaast samasya ekatra yeu shakatat, jyamule samasya prabhavipane gunakar karoo shakatat.
rung prasaran hastantaran chhapai yaa pruthakkaranas asurakshit vastoo asatat kinwa jyaa prakare vastoo swatah kinwa tyanchyashi sambandhit deta gamavala jaau shakato. tyanchya tulanene lahan aakaramule, andaje 10.75 x 0.1 x 8.85 centimeter, teey krivhismadhye padoo shakatat kinwa anyatha chukichya thikani jaau shakatat.
ranganchya prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi aag haah sambhavya motha dhoka aahe, kaaran tee ektar thet jaloon kinwa vitaloon tyancha sampoorn naash karoo shakate kinwa dhuramule apratyaksh nuksan karoo shakate. jawalpasachya aagee vizavanyachya sadhananmule paanee kinwa rasayanik nuksan dekhil houu shakate.
chukichya sapeksh aadrata kinwa aadratetil chadh-utaar hii rung prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi samasya asoo shakate. samasyanmadhye chitrapatachya vegvegalya tharancha vistar, tasech ranganchi ghasaran yancha samavesh asoo shakato.
tapman khoop jaast, khoop qamee kinwa fakt chadh-utaar asanyacha prashna rung prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi samasya nirman karoo shakato. keval chukichya tapmanamulech phood, pivala padane kinwa vikrutee houu shakate, parantu jwalansheelata aanee aadratechya samasyanshi dekhil sambandhit aahe.
drishyaman, atinil aanee infrared prakashasah kiranotsarg rung prasaran hastantaran chhapanvar parinam karoo shakato. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi bighadalelya ghatakanmadhil drishyaman prakash haah sarvat mahattvapoorn dhokyanpaiki eka aahe aanee rung qamee houu shakato, hii eka samasya aahe jee sanwardhan-punarsthapanadvare ulatali jaau shakat nahee. atinil prakashamule sahitya kamkuvat houu shakate aanee infrared tapman vadhavu shakate, jeey varr namood kelelya samasyanvyatirikt drishyaman aanee atinil prakashadvare honare nuksan vadhavu shakate.
sukshmajivanpasun teey kruntakanparyant, kitkanmule ranganchya prasar hastantaran chhapanna dhoka nirman hoto. teey keval chhapanmadhye pokali nirman karoo shakat naheet, tarr teey upautpadane samagrivar sodu shakatat jyamule dhoop hote.
jevha vastunmadhye prabhav padato tevha bhautik shakti mothya pramanat udbhavtat. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapanchya babatit, dhokyanmadhye cracking, chipping, gharshan kinwa ripingsarkhya sanrachanatmak apayashacha samavesh hoto.
pradushak bahya strotankadun aanee antargat sanrachananchya vighatanadvare rung prasar hastantaran chhapanvar parinam karoo shakatat. jaree agent havetoon jaat asel, samparkadvare hastantarit keela gela asel kinwa aantarik asel, nukasananmadhye dhoop, sathavan kinwa rung badalane samavisht asoo shakate.
chor aanee vidhvansak heey vichhedan aanee nuksan donhi karoo shakatat. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapyanchi thet choree hii sanskrutik varshache avashesh mhanoon kalakrutisathi sarvat white nuksan tharoo shakate kinwa sarvottam, tee vasool honyapurvi sangrah kaljimadhye jhaleli chook asoo shakate. vidhvansamadhye bhautik shaktinni olakhalya gelelya samasyancha samavesh asoo shakato aanee samasyanchya ekapeksha jaast parimanancha samavesh asoo shakato.
paanee, jeey bhautik kinwa rasayanik shakti asoo shakate, teey prasar hastantaran chhapanna rangvinyasathi mauu karane, sooj, daag kinwa bhautik shakti aanoo shakate. panyachya hanicha parinam kiman teey lakshaniy asoo shakato, jase qee ghanikaran tayar kartana kinwa jevha kalakruti purnapane panyat budalelya asoo shakatat. ushnata kinwa samparkachi vel yasarkhya anek paristhiti nuksan vadhavu shakatat.
sathavan.
serve prakarchya kalakrutinna madat karnyacha sarvat mahattvacha marg mhanje tyancha vapar keela jaat asatana aanee teey kadhee bharoon kadhale jaatat yaa donhincha vichar karane. dussan stulic aanee aart kaplan heey sanshodhak manya karatatah "chhayachitranche rasayanik swaroop aanee bhautik rachana jaanun ghetalyashivay, tyachya sathavanukisathi kinwa pradarshanasathi asha atty lihoon dene katheen aahe jyamule tyache sanrakshn sunishchit honyas madat hoil aanee yogya sanwardhan upchar nishchit karane dekhil katheen aahe". tathapi, sanrakshn-punarsthapana kshetrat eka aarakhada tayar karnyasathi kahee sarvottam paddhati udayas yetat. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapanchya sathavanukisathi aaml-mukt petty haah samanyatah shifaras kelela srot aahe. yavyatirikt, polyester, aluminium kinwa kachechya containermadhye dekhil pureshi ghare asoo shakatat. vaiyaktik chhapil vastoo, polypropylene kinwa kagadachya, uchch pramanat alphacellulose asalelya, bahunmadhye kinwa lifafyanmadhye swatantrapane sathavalya pahijet. chhapya ekatra sathavalya pahijet asha durdaivi paristhitit, vakane kinwa vakane talhanyasathi tyaa ubhya sathavalya pahijet. sathavan karnyapurvi chhapil vastoo purnapane koradya asane mahatvache aahe. sarvottam paddhati soochit karatat qee sathavan sthitee sumare 70° phai (21° seey) rahate aanee sapeksh aadrata 30 teey 50 takkyanchya darmyan thewali pahije.
upchar.
pratibandhatmak sanvardhanachya tattvannusar rung prasaran hastantaran chhapyanchi kalji ghetali gelee nahee, tarr tyanchyavar upchar karanyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate. samanyatah, chhapit pratyaksh badal karnyashi sambandhit konatehi kaam snrakshak-punarsanchayitakache karyakshetra asel. rung prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi upchar thet tyanchyashi sampark sadhanyapasun, jase qee crack kinwa ashru durust karane, tyanna itar chhapansah chikatoon rahoo shakananya samgripasoon vegale karane, tyancha prushthbhag swachchh karane, varr charcha kelyapramane sathavanukisathi protocol sthapit karane yasarkhya asoo shakatat. samanyatah, chhapil aanee tyavar upchar karananya vyakti yaa doghanche sanrakshn karnyasathi nitrile hatmojyancha vapar yaa kamat lagoo hoil.
durusti.
fatkebaji.
rung prasaran hastantaran chhapansathi samanyatah udbhavnara eka dhoka mhanje cracking. prashikshit snrakshak-punarsthapana karnare tyanna durust karnyasathi vaparu shakatat asha tantranpaiki eka mhanje darade bharane. eka tantramadhye japani kagdane crackla aadhar dene, kaljipurvak tappyanmadhye gelatin lavane, vastoo ardra karane aanee nantar garam presamadhye print sapat karane samavisht aahe.
panyache nuksan.
ranganchya prasar hastantaran chhapansathi aanakhi eka dhoka mhanje panyachi haanee. panyamule honanya hanimule chhapanchya prushthbhagachi zeej hote aanee done divasanchya aat, tee burashichya vadhichya paristhitinna dekhil protsahan deu shakate. jarr panyamule nuksan jhalyacha sanshay asel aanee chhapil prushthbhag sparsh karnyasathi chikat asel tarr too hatalala jaau naye. tathapi, jarr prushthbhag abadhit disala tarr chhap thund, swachchh panyat dhuun nantar korade honyasathi bajula thewali jaau shakate.
safsafai.
kadhikadhi, rung prasar hastantaran chhapyanna safsafaichi aavashyakta asoo shakate. kahee prakarananmadhye, yaa kamache nirikshan vyavsayik snrakshak-punarsanchayitadvare karane kinwa purn karane aavashyak asate, parantu itar prakarananmadhye aprashikshit vyakti kaam karnyas saksham asoo shakate. kharab jhalelya chhapil vastoo swachchh karnyachya prayatnanmule prushthbhagavaril sahitya soloon jaau shakate aanee asha prakarche kaam swatah karnyacha prayatna karnyapurvi samanya lokanna sallamasalat karnyacha sallah deela pahije. chhapil vastoo changlya sthiteet asel tarr, tichi kalji ghenyasathi safsafaichi sopee dhorane vaparali jaau shakatat. jarr chhap koradi asel tarr konatihi ghaan kaljipurvak swachchh kelee jaau shakate. jarr chhapil kagad ole asel tarr too kahee kalasathi kholichya tapmanachya panyachya snangruhat (68°-86° phai kinwa 20°-30° seey) budavoon konatahi kachara dhuun takala jaau shakato. yaa tantrat suruvatichya dhunyanantar, chhap dhuun sapat, koradya prushthbhagavar thewali jaau shakate jithe dhool prushthbhagavar sthir rahoo shakat nahee.
prakaranancha abhyas.
ian baxter &.
canadache sankalpanatmak kalakar ian baxter aanee tyanchya kaleche madhyam mhanoon rung prasaran hastantaran chhapai vapartat. 2012 madhye ontariyochya aart gallerisobatchya tyanchya kamachya pradarshanadarmyan tyanchi bhagidari swatah aanee gallery snrakshak catty whitman yanni rung prasaran hastantaran chhapanchya sanvardhanachya garjebaddal paraspar samajutiche udaharan dete.
andy warhole.
american popp kalakar andy warholene tyachya kalet anekada rung prasaran hastantaran chhapaicha vapar keela. jevha 1974 teey 1983 paryantchya chhapya 2016 madhye harry khandani kendrat pradarshit kelya gelya, tevha sanrakshakanna aadrata aanee sharirik dabavachya upasthiticha hishob karava lagla jenekarun teey sanrakshit asateel.