
americetil aushadhanirman sansthecha itihas

united statesmadhil pharmasicha itihas hii naveen aushadhanirmitichya kalpana aanee european lokanni samayik kelelya pragatitoon, mool american aushadh aanee naveen jagaat navyane shodhalelya aushadhi vanaspatinchya navinyapurn kalpananchya vitalananya bhandyachi katha aahe. yaa supic mishranatoon american aushadhalay vikasit jhaale aanee tyacha yuu. varr parinam jhaala aahe.ess. itihas aanee aushadhanirmiticha jaagtik abhyaskram.
aushadhopachar-eka pracheen shirshak jeey, visheshtah purv-aadhunik kinwa prarambhik aadhunik sandarbhat, aushadhe vitarit karnyachya mukhya bhoomikepeksha kaushalye aanee kartvyancha eka vyapak sanch darshavate, jase qee upchar lihoon dene aanee kahee upchar swayam-prashasana karane katheen karane,-heey mukhyatve yuu. ess. madheel "pharmacist" chya chhatrakhali aale aahe.ess. 19vya shatkachya madhyapasoon, jevha american pharmaceutical associationchya edward paritione yashasviritya prastavit kele qee yaa kshetrache adhik changle pramanikaran karnyasathi 'alfa' serve vividh pharmaceutical practitioners pharmacistscha vichar karel. "brittenmadhye, jethe sansad aanee pharmacistne aushadhopacharanpasun pharmacist vegale kele hote, tyaulat, yuu. keey. madhye, aushadhopachar aanee vyavasay heey adhik pravahi aanee parasparvirodhi aahet.ess.visheshtah 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat mothya pramanat swikarlya gelelya niyamak yojananchya aadhi. "aushadhopachar ajunahi aushadhatadnyacha samanarthi shabd mhanoon 'aushadhatadnya' sobat yeto aanee yuu. ess. madhye kahee vaparat aale taree ajunahi purnapane sampalele nahee.ess. ajunahi swatahla aushadhopachar karnare mhanatat. pharmacist adhikadhik vegali shakha aanee kathorpane paribhashit kelela vyavasay banala, american pharmacistanni tyanche swatache shodh aanee navkalpana jodalya aanee 19vya aanee 20vya shatkatil vaidyakeey dnyanatil krantimadhye aanee tyanantarchya aadhunik aushadhachya vikasat pramukh bhoomika bajavali.
aushadhanirmiticha itihas vidnyan aanee aushadhashastrachya itihasatil itar kshetranpeksha mage rahila aahe, kadachit yaa kshetratil prathamik srot viral asalyamule. yaa kshetratil aitihasik chaukashi qamee aahet aanee vaidyakeey itihasatil karyakramanchya vadhatya sankhyepramane, aushadhanirman karyakramancha itihas united statesmadhye sankhyemadhye qamee aahe.
vasahatvadi kaal.
vasahatikaranachya barobarine prarambhik vikas.
15vya shatkachya uttaradhat kolambasne amerikecha shodh suru karatach, vaidyakeey paddhatit bharr ghalanyasathi naveen jagatil vanaspatinmadhye maulyavan aushadhi vanaspati shodhanyacha european prayatna suru jhaala. shodhanyat aalelya suruvatichya naveen jaagtik aushadhanmadhye west indigemadhil gwayakam (khokala, sandhivat aanee itar vividh prakarchya vaparasathi), floridatil sasaphras, brazilmadhil kopaiba, peru balsam aanee sarvat prasiddha, peruchi sincona saal, jyala tyachya shodhakachya sanmanarth "jesuitchi saal" dekhil mhanatat, yancha samavesh hota, joou maleriyavar pahila prabhavi upchar tharala. yaa sincona salcha sakriy ghatak, quinine, haah 1940 chya dashkaparyant maleriyavar prathamik upchar hota. "british uttar americetil bharatiyanni vaparleli sumare 170 aushadhe aanee caribean, mexico, madhya aanee dakshin americetil sthanik lokanni vaparleli kadachit 50 aushadhe" yuu. ess. madhye pureshi mahattvachi bunley.ess. (rasayanshastra aanee aushadhalayatil vyavsayikanni akheris tyanchi yadee tayar kelee, tyanche vishleshan kele aanee samajoon ghetale) united states pharmacopia (ist. 1820) kinwa rashtriy sootra.
1700 chya dashakachya suruvatila, georgia vasahatiche sansthapak james auglethorp yanni londonchya aushadhopachar aanee itaranchya upasak samajachya aarthik pathimbyane, ushnakatibandhiy vasahatinmadhun georgiachya savana yethe fayadeshir vanaspati prajati olakhanyacha aanee pratyaropanacha prayatna suru keela. durdaivane auglethorpasathi (aanee serve dakshinekadil vasahatvadyansathi), junya jagachya aushadhanchya sanghatit gatane british uttar amerikechya aushadhanchya shetacha laabh ghenyasathi kelelya yaa pahilya prayatnache kadhihi phal midale nahee. caribean mohimeche pramukh sanshodhak, vanaspatishastradnya robbert miller yanna aajarpan aanee asahayogi spanish vasahatinmule adthala aala aanee miller yanche nidhan jhaale aanee tyanna farse yash naan midalyane londoncha serve pathimba thambla.
atharavya shatkatil uttar americetil aushadhalay.
uttar americetil pahili "aushadh dukane" bethelheim, pensylvania, boston, newyork aanee philadelphiya yethe disu lagali, "sambhavya aadya-aushadh dukanansah-udaharanarth, gizbert vanne improach eka" samanya dukan "chalvat hota, jeey 1663 teey 1665 darmyan wildwick, nyu netherland, aajchya kingsten, newyork yethe-1700 chya dashkatil samarpit aushadhavikri dukananpurvi aanee eka model pradan karat aushadh vikat hote. tyaa pratimanamule aanee madhyayugeen arab jagatil pahilya aushadhavikri dukananparyant pasarlelya chaliritinmule bahutek aushadhavikretyanni aushadhambarobarach adhik samanya vastoo, attar, saundaryaprasadhane aanee serve prakarchya peye vikane suru thewale aanee aajahi suru aahe.
gair-british prabhav.
british navhe tarr spanish vasahati, uttar americet pharmacistla parwana denare pahile hote (1769 madhye nyu orlinsmadhye) aanee pharmacyla eka swatantra vyavasay mhanoon niyaman karnare pahile hote, heey adhisanskrut vasahati sarkaranche mahatva aanee kharey tarr, sampoorn uttar americet mukhya bhoomi europemadhil vasahati, aushadhopachar paddhati, manke aanee sanghatana aanee niyaman karnyachya adhik aadhunik paddhati aayat aanee anuvadit karnyat-europemadhye vikasit honyamadhye-kiman 1600 pasoon-arbhakanchya sanyukt rajyanmadhye arj karnyasathi.
"franco-spanish" "louisiana" "madhye europe khandatil [pharmasicha] vikas adhik spashtapane pratibimbit jhaala"."18 vya shatkatil louisianamadhye sadhya jhalelya prabhavshali tappyanmadhye 12 februwari, 1770 roji nyu orlinschya governor, donn alekzandar oo 'railey yanni dilela hukum, aushadh, shastrakriya aanee aushadhalay yaa jababdanya aanee seema spasht karane aanee aushadhalayala united states banana pradeshanmadhye eka vegali shakha mhanoon pahili kayadeshir manyata dene yancha samavesh hota. jaree spanish louisianamadhye yaa pranaliantargat parvanadharak pharmacistschi sankhya kadhihi eka-ankee olandali nahee, taree oo 'relicha hukum aanee pharmacistsasathicha tyacha naitik code bhavishyatil ghadamodinvar eka mahattvacha purvavarti tharato. vasahatinmadhye dukan ubharanyasathi sthalantarit jhalelya junya jagatil aushadhanchya apuya purvathyat bharr ghalanyasathi, jaree eka lahan pipeline asali taree, parvanadharak aushadh vikretyanchi eka mahattvachi swatantra pipeline dekhil online aanali.
europemadhun aayat kelelya kahee aushadhopacharalayanpaiki, jesuit prashikshanacha naveen spain aanee naveen france yaa donhi deshanmadhye dirghkal prabhav jaanavala; tyanchya paradeshi mohimanmadhye "aajari lokanchi kalji" ghenyat jesuitcha sahbhag itka motha hota qee, kharey tarr, tyanni vaidyakeey bhoomikanmadhye seva denanya maulvyanvaril banditoon popchi suut magitali aanee prapt kelee. done samarpit "pharmacopoles kinwa epothekari brotherance" jesuit heey "mission auph north america inn nyu france" yaa shirshakakhali 'society auph jeesas personnel records phaur daad province auph france' madhye 1749 chya akheris soochibaddha kele gele aahet. jesuitche yogdan, visheshtah sthanik american ethanobotaniche european vaparasathi aushadhanmadhye bhashantar karnyat, uttar americet farmacy vikasit jhalyamule teey atyant prabhavshali hote.
uttar americet british.
pharmacist embrose hunsberger yanni, pratibandh prabhavavaril tyanchya 1923 chya lekhat charcha jhalelya ghatananpurvi americetil pharmasichya vikasacha samavesh asalelya tyanchya vyapak parichayamadhye, "volsted kayadyantargat farmasichi pratha", tyanchya sansthesamor pharmacyche varnan kele (jeey teey 1821 chya sumaras thevatat) jeey saap teel vikretyanna jagrut karatat aanee deshatil pratyek shahar, gaav aanee gavavar parinam karnare aushadh darshavtatah..ferivalyanchya aushadhi upcharanchi avyavasthit pranali jee aaplya qamee loksankhya asalelya deshat sarvatra prachalit hotee. bhesalyukt aanee hanikarak aushadhi utpadananchya vikrivar niyantran kinwa niyaman karoon lokanche fasavanukipasun sanrakshn karanyachi konatihi paddhat navhati aanee tarun deshatil vishvasoo nagrik fakir aanee charalatanachya pratyek varnanamule tyanchya vilakshan ramban upayanchi kharedi karnyasathi fasavale gele."hunsbergerne europemadhye" "qamee-adhik pramanat paddhatshir" "aushadhalayanchi pratha done kinwa teen shatake purvi, 16vya kinwa 17vya shatkachya suruvatilach thewali aahe, tarr tyanni 1821 madhye amerikechya pahilya aupcharik aushadhalay mahavidhyalayachya, philadelphiya farmacy mahavidhyalayachya (pii. see. pii.) sthapanesah sanyukt rajyanmadhye sanghatit aushadhalay suru kele".
tathapi, yaa aadhi, mool british vasahatinni aushadhalayasathi adhik tatpurata, sudharit drushtikon kayam thewala aanee "itakya vishal aanee itakya viralpane sthayik jhalelya deshat apekshit hota, aushadhalay kuthe kinwa konadvare chalavale jaau shakate yabaddal aksharshah konatihi maryada navhati."pharmacist, ghauk druggist aanee doctor yaa vyavsayanmadhil resha nantarchya paddhatinusar adyap astitvat navhatya; tyanche prant aachchhadit jhaale aanee apeal, jyacha arth anekada qamee, varanvar badalale."vasahatvadi aanee swatantryachya suruvatichya varshant, aavashyakatesathi aushadhalayakade swatahun qaraa yaa drushtikonachi magani hotee. "bahutek, serve nahee tarr, american vaidyakeey purushanni tyanchi swatachi aushadhe tayar kelee aanee vitarit kelee, kaaran shulk bile aanee pratha sahasa aushadhansathi shulk pradan karatat aanee bhetisathi nahee, joparyant shastrakriya kinwa prasooti samavisht nasate."asha prakare, anekada doctor heey aushadhopachar aanee aushadhopachar karnare doctor asat, visheshtah grameen" "deshi doctor" ", jeey vasahatinmadhye qamee pramanat" "freeholds" asalelya shetkyanchya yaa yugat varchasva gajavat hote ". "1760 chya dashakatahi, jevha tarun aanee mothya pramanat mool janmalele doctor europemadhun paratale, tevha american vaidyakeey kshetratil bahutek pratishthit aanee prasiddha lock tyancha swatacha aushadhancha vyavasay chalvat hote," 18 vya shatkachya bahutansh doctoransathi, bahutek vela hatanni misalaleli aanee vitarit keleli aushadhe samavisht hotee, kahivela britton kinwa mukhya bhoomi europemadhun aayat kelelya paytant aushadhanchya purvathyasah vadhavali jaat asey.
shaharanmadhye, vyavsayik aushadhalayancha paya haloohaloo tayar hott hota. 1721 paryant bostenmadhye 14 aushadhopachar dukane hotee aanee american sainyatil pahila 'niyukt aushadhanirman adhikari' boston aushadhopachar, andreau kreggy hota. eka prakarcha yoddha-aushadhopachar karnara, tyane 17 juuna 1775 roji bunker hilchya ladhait bhag ghetala. aanee "jevha congressne 1777 madhye sainyachya vaidyakeey vibhagachi punarrachana kelee, tevha kreggy haah pahila aushadhopachar karnara senapati banala."
mahattvachya suruvatichya american "aushadhopachar dukanan" madhye continental aarmimadhil nantarchya brigadier generaldware chalavalya jaananya vasahati frederixburgmadhil eka, hyoog mercercha samavesh aahe (hii imarat aata eka sangrahalay aahe aanee 1771 kinwa 1772 madheel "vaidnyanikdrushtya dinankit" aahe). aanee filadelfiyamadhye marshal aushadhopachar (1729 madhye sthapan, 96 varshe khule), jeey aushadhanche utpadak tasech kirkol vikreta hote aanee sampoorn krantikari yuddhat eka mahattvacha puravathadar mhanoon kaam kele. tyaa kalatil jahirati soochit karatat qee "atharavya shatkachya akheris jawaljawal serve american shaharanmadhye aushadhanchi dukane hotee."
aarthik itihaskar bernis hamilton yanni 1700 chya dashakat vaidyakeey shikshan aanee vidnyanatil pragati, majboot madhyam vargacha uday, tasech 'vyavsayik bhavna' vadhalyane 18 vya shatkachya akheris samajik-aarthik vyavasthet mothya pramanat badal jhaala hota, asey spasht karat, serve vaidyakeey vyavsayanmadhye 'purnapane badal' jhalyache varnan kele aahe. londonmadhye gulab prakaranatil nikalamule, aushadhopacharalayanni 1705 madhye purnapane manyataprapt vaidyakeey vyavsayik mhanoon suruvat kelee, jeey prescription lihu shakat hote. hamiltonne nondavale...ekekali keval vyapari aanee 'doctoranche sevak' asalele aushadhopachar karnare, rugnanvar thet upchar karnare, doctor banale hote. heey cull vasahatinmadhye pasarale aanee jaree uttar americet aushadhopachar kadhihi kayadeshiraritya vegalya aanee gupt vyavasayat sanghatit jhaale nasale taree grameen antarbhaganmadhye brittenmadhil aushadhopacharshastracha prasar pratibimbit jhaala, jithe 'adhik durgam thikani, aushadhopachar' sahasa ekmev doctor hota.'"
pharmacopia, jeey fakt upayukt aushadhanchi yadee karate-kinwa kahivela adhik mahattvache mhanje, canonmadhun sanshayaspad padarth sodate-"aadhunik yugachya suruvatichya kalat purnapane tyachya swatachya aat aale", jyamadhye andaje 1500 chya dashakapasun 1700 chya uttaradhatil french krantiparyantcha itihas samavisht aahe. parantu pharmacopia pramukhyane kahee moolbhut aanee chakravadh soochana dett asey.
aushadhanchya vaparabaddal, tyancha vapar kassa aanee konatya paristhitit karava, sarvottam paddhatincha anubhav ghene ii. yaa aushadhambaddal adhik vyapak mahitee prasarit karnari pustake pahilya "aushadhalayanmadhye" yeiparyant navhati. "dispensatory heey asha prakarche pustak sataravya aanee atharavya shatkachya uttaradhat britishanche vaishishtya banale."hii davakhane, tyapaiki pramukh mhanje william louischi" "daad nyu dispensatory", "jee 1753 madhye suru jhaali aanee jyala" "ingraji bhashet pharmasivaril pahile kharey vaidnyanik karya" "manale gele, tasech nantarchya (1786) pustakasah 'eka sudharana' mhanoon uddeshit 'louis,' edinberg nyu dispensatory ', nihsanshaypane british uttar americetil pharmasisathi rachnatmak hotee". naveen aushadhalay" aanee "edinberg naveen aushadhalay" anek aavrutyanmadhye aanee tyanchya aayurmanat (1753-1830) asankhya bhashanmadhye chhapale gele, jyat tyanchyamadhye american vaparasathi sahaa chhapai samavisht hotya.'
19 weey shatakah american aushadhalay udayas aale.
19vya shatkat (1800) aaplyala maheet asalelya pharmasicha janm jhaala."aanee punha, mukhya bhoomi europemadhil aushadhalayanchya vikasane tarun american prajasattakat tyachya vadhila chalana dene suru thewale.
philadelphiya college auph farmacy aanee sanghatit american pharmasicha janm.
parismadhil 'college dii pharmesi' nantar-kiman sankalpanet-model kelele philadelphiya college auph farmacy (pii. see. pii.), tyachya suruvatichya, prarambhik varshant european pratibhanni madat kelee hotee. napolean I chya bhavya sainyache "pharmacian" mhanoon kaam kelelya elias durandne 1825 madhye philadelphiya yethe dukan suru kele aanee...philadelphiya college auph pharmasichya sandarbhat, american pharmaseevar lagechach eka majboot paradeshi prabhav padala."william proctor, junier yanchya matey.durandcha pratyaksh aanee apratyakshapane filadelfiyamadhye vaidnyanik aushadhalay suru karnyashi barach sambandh hota."mahavidhyalayat shikavalyashivay, yu. ess. madhye yapurvi kadhihi tayar naan jhaleli" aushadhi rasayne "tayar karoon, aushadhi vanaspatimbaddal naveen nishkarsh pasaravun durandcha ajunahi motha prabhav padala.ess., augustein duhamelsarkhya prashikshanarthinna prashikshan deuun, jyanni pudhe jaaun mahattvapoorn yogdan dile aanee mahavidhyalayin niyatkalikat prakashit kele aanee proctorsarkhya moolbhut vyaktinsathi aadarsh mhanoon kaam kele.
hunsberger yanni philadelphiya college auph farmacy (pii. see. pii.) chya sthapanecha ullekh, aushadhopacharanchya 1821 chya baithakisah, 'united statesmadhil aushadhanirman paddhatichya vikasatil pahile paul' assa keela aahe...uttar americetil pharmacyche pahile aupcharik mahavidhyalay aanee pratham pharmacist association (daad philadelphiya college auph farmacy) sthapan karnyasathi sutaranchya sabhagruhamadhye (jithe continental associationvar swakshari karnyat aalee hotee) haah prathamik sansthapak karyakram aayojit karnyat aala hota. 13 march 1821 roji, sutaranchya dalanachya parshvabhoomichya pratikatmakatesaha, 'aththavis pharmacistsney americetil pahilya pharmaceutical associationchya sanvidhanavar swakshari kelee', nirvivadah american farmasichi eka sanvidhan asel, jee sansthapak pityanchya pavlavar paul thevun aanee tyanchya ghatanatmak chaukatinusar asel. pii. see. pii. chya sanvidhanat eka kathor aacharsanhitecha samavesh hota, jee aushadhanmadhye "bhesal" karananya kinwa jaanunbujun "tyaa swarupachya vastoo" vikananya konalahi mahavidhyalayatun kadhoon takel aanee aushadhanchi shuddhata, surakshitata aanee parinamkarakta satyapit karnyasathi "tapasani samitee" aanee sadasya aushadh vikretyanmadhil vivadanche madhyasthi karnyasathi "samata samitee" chee tartud karel.
keval vidyapith navhe tarr aushadhanirman shakhechya pragatisathi eka sanghatana mhanoon sthapan karnyat aalele mahavidhyalay, patkan eka parivartanshil banleh 1824 madhye tyanni purvi brittenmadhun aayat kelelya (purvi) "gupt-sootra" paytant aushadhanchya nirmitisathi "kaljipurvak nirdharit keleli sutre" prakashit kelee, jee yuu. aii. madheel swayampurn aushadhanirman nirmitichya dishene eka aavashyak paul aahe.ess.
philadelphiya college auph pharmacyne american pharmaceutical associationchya (aii. eff. aii.) udayas dekhil madat kelee, jee 6 teey 8 aktoobar 1852 roji mahavidhyalayachya sabhagruhat jhalelya sansthapak adhiveshanat sthapan jhaali. daniel bii. smith, jeey dirghkal pii. see. pii. chey adhyaksh hote-shevati 1829 teey 1854 paryant-sansthapak adhiveshanat afache pahile adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle gele aanee william proctor, junier. pahila sachiv.
american pharmacyche janak'.
william proctor, junier.jyache shikshan philadelphiya college auph farmasimadhye 20 varshe jhaale, tyanni vyavsayik pharmasichya suruvatichya varshanvar itka prabhav padala qee aata tyanna "american pharmacyche janak" mhanoon mothya pramanavar olakhale jaate."proctorne 1844 madhye pii. see. pii. madhye pharmacist-pradhyapkansathi pharmasichya adhyakshapadachya sthapanesathi yashasviritya yuktivad keela, tyanantar" "pahile american farmacy pathyapustak" "lihile, jeey mohar, redwood aanee proctorche" "vyavharik farmacy" "(1849) mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale". heey pustak vyavsayikdrushtya yashasvi jhaale nahee, parantu tyanantarchya "dirghkal lokpriy asalelya kamansathi eka aadarsh banleh edward parishchya" vyavharik pharmasicha parichay "(1855-1884) aanee joseph pii. remingtoncha 'pharmasicha sarav' (1888-1995 [19vee aavrutti.]). proctorne 22 varshe 'american journal auph farmacy' chey netrutva kele, yuu. ess. madhye 30 varshe seva kelee.ess.pii. sudharana samitee, jithe tyanni yuu sudharanyasathi barech kahee kele.ess. pharmacopia aanee american pharmaceutical associationche sambandhit sachiv mhanoon paach varshannantar, teey aafache adhyaksh banale, american pharmacistchya pratinidhimandalanche pramukh, tyanchya samudrakinari samkakshanchya parishadanmadhye. 21 teey 24 august 1867 roji francechya parris yethe pharmasichya dusya aantarrashtriy parishadet proctorne vicharadhin asalelya 'pharmasichya anivarya maryade' chya virodhat (dilelya shaharat kinwa prantat tyanchi sankhya maryadit karane) jordar yuktivad keela aanee ektrit jhalelya pratinidhinna sangitale qee, yuu. ess. madhye.ess., aushadhanchya dukananmadhye vaadh honyat yashacha abhav aanee american janata hii anaitik chalkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi" sudharanancha eka prabhavi pratinidhi "aahe, heey vagalata konatahi adthala nahee. proctorchya ghoshanekade nantar 'daad american weey auph farmacy' chey paribhashit vidhan mhanoon pahile gele."
aushadhalay shaala aanee vyavsayik sanstha pasarlya.
purv samudrakinanyavaril itar pramukh shaharanni philadelphiyachya netrutvakhali vidyapith prashikshan karyakram, vyavsayik sanghatana aanee farmacy mahavidhyalaye sthapan kelee jee pii. see. pii. sarkhya vyavsayik sanghatana mhanoon kaam karat hotee. 1829 madhye sthapan jhalelya newyork college auph pharmacys newyork shahar sarvat jalad anusaran karnare shahar hote.
newyork delly times" chya 1851 chya yaa soochanenusar, farmacy shaala (yethe newyork college auph farmacy) anekada "" vyavsayik sanghatana mhanoon kaam karat hotya, kinwa kiman pharmacist shikshanala aanee pharmacistchya vishisht vyavasayala protsahan dett hotya, yaa lekhasah, "jyanna swatahla aushadhopachar mhanoon purnapane patra banvayche aahe" tyanchyasathi jahirat prashikshan dett asatana "nikrusht aushadh vikretyanna" sambodhat aanee "samudayane aushadh vikretyanchya charitryabaddal aanee hetumbaddal udaseen rahoo naye" assa ishara dett, jeey "mahavidhyalayapasun door ubhe aahet"."prashikshit pharmacist nasalelya aushadh puravathadaranna soochit karnyasathi" "aushadh vikrete" "yaa shabdacha vapar lakshat ghya, tarr" "aushadhopachar" "haah shabd ajunahi sakaratmak samanarthi shabd mhanoon vaparla jaato".
1860 saalee amerikeche pahile pharmacist amerikechya paschim kinanyavar navyane tayar jhalelya california rajyat aale.
jaree 1800 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant purv kinanyavar aanee amerikechya pashchimekadil itar bhaganmadhye aushadhalayanche "aadhunik" swaroop tyachya vikasat changle hote, taree amerikeche sarvat durchya nairutya khandiy pradeshanvar niyantran yenyasathi anek dashake lagtil. jaree 1850 paryant losses angelisemadhye anek vaidh american doctor hote, jyanchyapaiki konihi aushadh vidnyanat, visheshtah (aushadhanirman) padvi ghetali navhati kinwa ghetali navhati, parantu tarihi nantar teey 'aushadhavisharad' mhanoon aanee eka manoranjak bajoo mhanoon kaam karat hote, jyapaiki jawaljawal serve pramukhyane mukhya vyavasay mhanoon doctor navhate parantu upajivikeche itar mukhya prakar hote. see. aii. madhye. 1854 madhye asech eka prakaran, aanee ell. madheel pahilya doctoranpaiki eka.aaa., dow. william bii. losses angelisemadhil pahile "aushadh-dukan" sansthapak mhanoon shrey milanare osborne (kadhikadhi osburn, osborne kinwa osborne mhanoon lihile jaate) yanni tyancha vyavasay (itar bigger-vaidyakeey prayatnancha pathpurava karnyasathi) dow. james pii. mcfarland aanee johnn gatley dauni. tyanantar mcfarland aanee dauni yanchyatil bhagidarichya niyantranakhali asalele dukan pratyakshat eka dow. dware chalavale jaat hote. alekzandar yaa doghanpaiki eka karmchari mhanoon 'madak padarthancha vapar karnara' asanyachihi aasha karato. daunine yapurvi washington, dii. yetheel keval aushadhalayat prashikshan ghetale hote.see.1846 paryant aanee nantar 1849 madhye californiat yenyapurvi, ohayochya sinsinnati yethe swatantra 'aushadh vikrete' mhanoon kaam kele. ekada losses angelisemadhye, downeyche mukhya laksh aanee karkirdichi pramukh mahatvakanksha pramukhyane shaley, vyavsayik aushadhopachar kinwa pharmacistaivaji rajkaranachi hotee. 1856 madhye dow. mcfarlandne vyavsayik bhagidari aanee california dekhil sodoon tenesikade gharee paratale hote. akheris daunine 'aushadh-dukan' dow. heinry emm. miles aanee see.emm. (rajkaranat aapala kharaa vyavasay pudhe nenyasathi aanee 1860 teey 1862 paryant californiache satve rajyapal honyasathi) aanee tyanantar lavkarach dow. milescha mrutyu jhaala aanee eka german sthalantarit, pharmacistne haah vyavasay tabyat ghetala hota. see paryant navhate. 1860 madhye, californiatil losses angelis yaa navyane sthapan jhalelya american simavarti shaharat aalelya done european, sthalantarit, vyavsayik pharmacist/aushadhopachar (donhi german vanshachya) paiki pahile disale. pahila pharmacist theodor wallweber (mukhya seent. / 59 vya varshi holl) aanee 1861 madhye, tyach velee tyache ekmev pratispardhi, dusare pharmacist edolph jange, jyanni 99 vya mukhya thikani tyach mandir block (mandir rasta) parisarat tyache "aushadhanche dukan" dekhil sthapan kele. vyavsayik sentchya uttares. aanee tyanantar sumare 20 varshe see. aii. paryant karyarat hotee. 1880. bhavishyatil vaidyakeey agraganya dow. joseph curtz (german) ell. madhye aala.aaa. 1868 madhye jawalche sahkari edolph jung yanchya protsahanamule aanee shifarshinusar aanee 1870 teey 1873 aanee punha 1876 teey 1877 paryant losses angelis county vaidyakeey parikshak mhanoon pahile losses angelis county vaidyakeey parikshak banale, yashivay 1871 madhye losses angelis county vaidyakeey sanghatanechya sansthapakanpaiki eka aanee 1885 teey 1910 yaa 25 varshansathi yuu. ess. see. school auph medicinemadhye (1885 madhye sthapan jhalelya aanee 1999 madhye yukek school auph medicine mhanoon punarnamit kelelya) shastrakriyeche pradhyapak hote. nantarche sthanik patalivar prasiddha (german) pharmacist eff.jeey. geez 1874 madhye kahee kalasathi janjsah karakoon aanee sahkari mhanoon kaam karnyas aala aanee nantar tyala vishvasarh pharmacist mhanoon manyata midali. yach kalat dow. jeey.emm. jansco (jeey 'mulanchya roganmadhye' tadnya hote) balrogatadnyancha sarav jangechya aushadhanchya dukanat tasech dow. ausborne, jyane 1865 pasoon 1867 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant junjechya aushadh-dukanat tyache karyalay dekhil rakhale hote. pharmacist edolph junjeche mool prescription pustak tyachya kriyakalapache aitihasik sakshidar aahe aanee aajahi losses angelis kauntichya naisargik itihas sangrahalayat ("prudome papers" sangrahancha bhag mhanoon) pahile/sanshodhan kele jaau shakate. yuu. ess. see. farmacy mahavidhyalayachi sthapana 1905 madhye jhaali. 1860 madhye wallweber aanee janj yaa pahilya done european-shaley pharmacistschya aagmananantar, kirkol farmacy udyogala aanakhi vikasit honyasathi sumare 60 + varshe lagtil, "1919 madhye harry aanee robbert boran heey bandhu aanee mehune norman levin yanni losses angelischya aushadh ghauk vikretyachya boran bandhunchi sthapana kelee. tyanantar 10 varshanni, 1929 madhye, yaa bhavanni kifayatshir kapat darr yaa navane losses angelischi swatachi kirkol dukane ughadali, jyanantar lavkarach tyache naav badaloon kifayatshir aushadhanche dukan asey karnyat aale aanee tyaa badalyat bhadyane ghetalelya/kararbaddha vyavsayik gharguti aushadh vikretyansah aadhunik "aushadh, vividh aanee gharguti vastoo" sakhali-dukan modelchya yugachi suruvat jhaali. pahile dukan 412 sekandanvar hote. mool broadway department stoarpasoon rastyachya agadi palikade, losses angelischya downtownmadheel broadway. 1942 paryant, tyanni grater losses angelis parisarat aanee tyachya aaspas 58 sakhali dukane chalavali, jee eka vyavasay model mhanoon dekhil kaam karat hotee, jyache itar serve mothya corporate aushadhanchya dukananchya sakhali anusaran kartil.
aushadhanirman aanee audhyogik kranti.
yantrikikaran aanee mothya pramanavar utpadanachya vadhimule, aushadh vitaran karnyachya naveen paddhati, tyapaiki tablet (1884), aantr-lepit golee (1884) aanee gelatin capsule (park, davis andd company, detroit yanni 1875 madhye mothya pramanat pratham utpadit kele) vyavharya jhaale. 1900 paryant, bahutek aushadhavikretyanni, anshatah kinwa pramukhyane, vaiyaktik pharmacistine tayar kelelya aushadhanaivaji vadhatya aushadhanirman udhyogane samuhikpane tayar kelelya aushadhancha satha keela aanee aushadhanchya nirmitisathi vaidnyanikdrushtya prashikshit pharmacistchi paramparik bhoomika adhikadhik qamee hott gelee. yaa badalamule anekanchi chinta vadhali, jyamule gunavatta niyantran, vyavsayik aprasangikta aanee itar anek chinta nirman jhalya. vilyam proctorne khed vyakt keela qee, "jarr pharmacist keval aushadhancha vitarak banala tarr too punha eka sadhya dukandarat rupantarit hoto.'"
21vya shatkatil ghadamodi.
parshvabhoomi.
21vya shatkachya akheris, anek karananmule americet prathamik sevechya kamataratebaddal chinta nirman jhaali. bebby boomerschya vruddha pidhipasoon teey nivrutt doctoranchya vadhatya sankhyeparyant, assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee 2020 chya dashkaparyant united statesmadhye sumare 40,000-52,000 doctoranchi kamatarata asel. shivay, "parvadananya daratil kalji kayadyachya amalbajavanimule prathamik sevechi garaj asalelya navyane vima utaravalelya lakho rugnanchi olakh patate."yaa kamataratekade anekanni pharmasistasarkhya vidyaman aarogyaseva vyavsayikanchya prathechi vyapti vadhavanyachi sandhee mhanoon pahile.
puravathadarachi sthitee.
federal staravar, pharmacistchya pradatyachya darjasandarbhat kayade pratham yuu. ess. madhye sadar karnyat aale.ess. 2014 madhye pratinidhi gatadware 113 vya congressmadhye pratinidhi bratt guthri (aar-keey). aushadhalay aanee vaidyakiyadrushtya qamee seva asalelya kshetranchya vadhicha kayada (etch. aar. 592) chaa uddesh aushadh vikretyanna aarogya seva puravathadar mhanoon manyata denyasathi aanee vaidyakiyadrushtya qamee seva asalelya samudayanmadhye tyanchya seva vaidyakeey seva bhag buub antargat samavisht karnyasathi samajik suraksha kayadyat sudharana karane haah hota. heey vidheyak manjur karnyat ayashasvi tharale aanee 2015 madhye bratt guthri (aar-keey), jee. yanni teey punha sadar kele.keey. butterfield (dii-aine. see.) aanee lahan mull (aar-inn). durdaivane, 114vya congresschya shevati heey vidheyak punha ekada kalbahya jhaale. sherod braun (dii-oh), bobb kesee (dii-paa) aanee chuck grassley (aar-ia) yaa pratinidhinni 115vya kongresdarmyan 12 janewari 2017 roji tisyanda tyachi punha olakh karoon dilee. heey vidheyak vitt samitikade pathvanyat aale hote, parantu teey lagoo karnyat aale nahee.
anek rajye pragat practices pharmasichya amalbajavanidware pharmacistchya practicechi vyapti vadhavat aahet. pragat sarav padanamavyatirikt, vishisht sarav vyavasthetil aushadh vikretyanna doctoramberoberchya sahyogi sarav kararantargat (see. pii. aii.) kahee kaame karanyachi kshamata denyat aalee aahe. yaa kamanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
pharmacistchya prathechya vyaptichya vistarasathichya yaa chalvaliantargat, california rajyane 2014 madhye synet vidheyak 493 lagoo kele, jeey synet sadasya edd hernandez yanni lihile hote, pharmacistna swayam-prashasit samprerak garbhanirodhak, nikotin pratisthapan utpadane aanee nidan aavashyak nasalelya aantarrashtriy pravashansathi shifaras keleli prescription aushadhe, itar karyansah, sadar karnyas adhikrut kele. yaa vidheykane california-parvanadharak aushadh vikretyanna rugnachya aushadh upcharanchi parinamkarakta aanee surakshitata tasech rugnache moolyankan karnyashi sambandhit chachanyanche aadesh denyas dekhil adhikrut kele. yaa vidheykanantar 2014 madhye vidhansabha vidheyak 1535 aale, jyat californiachya aushadh vikretyanna naloxone sadar karnyacha adhikar denyat aala. ess. bii. 493 aanee aii. bii. 1535 chya sanlagn mhanoon, 2016 madhye californiamadhye vidhansabha vidheyak 1114 manjur karnyat aale, jeey madhyam-call karyakramantargat pharmacist sevansathi shulk velapatrak sthapit karnyasathi, khaleel pradan kelelya kinwa susajj sevanchya yogya paratfedisathi parvanagi deteh
2019 madhye, california aarogya seva vibhagane (dii. etch. see.) biladware darshavilelya farmacy sevanchya amalbajavanisathi aavashyak billing code jaaree karoon aii. bii. 1114 sathee shulk velapatrak sthapit kele. aii. bii. 1114 antargat, pharmacist naveen rugnansathi see. pii. tii. code 99201, sthapit rugnansathi see. pii. tii. code 99212 kinwa lasikaran prashasanasathi see. pii. tii. code 90471 vaparoon sevansathi biil aakaru shakatat.
americetil aushadhalayatil mahila.
elizabeth gooking greenliff hii tera vasahatinmadhil pahili mahila aushadhopacharalay hotee. tee americetil pahili mahila pharmacist manali jaate.
merrie corinna putnam jakobi yanni 1863 madhye newyork college auph pharmasimadhun padvi prapt kelee, jyamule tyaa united states school auph pharmasimadhun padvi midvananya pahilya mahila banalya.
1883 madhye americet aushadhanirman padvi midvananya sujan heherst yaa pahilya mahila hotya.
cincinnati, ohayo yetheel pharmacist cora daau (1868-1915), tichya kalatil aaghadichya mahila pharmacist hotya, jevha tee maran pavali tevha tichya navane akra dukane hotee.
julia pearl hugs (1873-1950) hii swatachi aushadhanchi dukan chalavanari aanee chalavanari pahili african-american mahila pharmacist hotee.
eenaa louis james (1886-1977) hii kanektikatmadhil pahili african-american mahila pharmacist hotee.