
norwecha istein pahila

istein magnson (june norseh "istein magnson", norwegianh "istein magnson";-29 august 1123) haah 1103 teey 1123 paryant norwecha (istein 1 mhanoon) raja hota, tyachya bhavansah, crusader aanee olaf magnson yanna seagered karat hota, jaree olaf praudh honyapurvi maran pavala, taree keval istein aanee seagered heey deshache prabhavi shasak hote.
sigardane 'yoddha raja' mhanoon prasiddhi midavali (jaree jawaljawal keval tyachya teen varshanchya pavitra bhoomivaril dharmayuddhamule), tarr isteinla yaulat kathanmadhye 'shantata raja' mhanoon chitrit kele gele jeey norweymadhye gharee rahile aanee desh sudharla. istein kadhihi yuddhat guntala naslyamule, tyachya vees varshanchya dirgh rajvatinantarhi, tyachyabaddal tyachya bhavachya sigardbaddalchya tulanet, tyachyabaddal barich qamee mahitee lihili aanee dnyat aahe, jeey sigardpeksha kahee varshe qamee aahe. isteinla matra tyachya lokanche prem midale aanee tyachya krutibaddal katha lekhakanni tyala khoop maan deela. istein aanee seagered yanche rajya heey norwechya itihasatil sarvat pradirgh sanyukt rajya banale.
jaree nantarchya gatha sahityat done rajambaddalachya rudhivadi nondi sangitalya gelya asalya taree isteinne payabhoot suvidhanmadhye sudharana kelee aanee visheshtah paschim norwey aanee traundelagchya kinanyavar, bergenpasoon uttarekadil lofotenchya masemari kendraparyant imarati aanee church ubharalya. isteinche upkram visheshtah bergenmadhye kendrit hote, jeey tyaa velee mashansathi eka mahattvache aantarrashtriy vyapar kendra banale, tyachya bandhkam prakalpanmule madat jhaali. bergenmadhil tyachya kamanmadhye shahee aasan shaharatil adhik madhyavarti thikani halavane aanee naveen shahee rajwada bandhane, tasech church aanee munkeleev math bandhane yancha samavesh hota.
august 1123 madhye istein aajarpanamule maran pavala aanee tyacha bhau seagered tyadvare norwecha ekmev raja banala.
parshvabhoomi.
isteincha janm 1088 kinwa 1089 madhye bhavee raja magnuscha pahila mulga mhanoon anwani jhaala, joou eka adnyat aaipasoon janmala aala, jee fakt 'qamee janmachi' asalyache nondavale gele aahe. 1103 madhye irelandmadhil tyachya eka mohimedarmyan tyachya vadilanchya mrutyunantar, istein tyachya done bhavansah olaf aanee sigards raja jhaala. seagered aaysteenpeksha sumare eka varsh lahan hota, tarr olaf tyachyapeksha daha varshanhun lahan hota. seagered haah ekmev mulga hota, joou tyanchya vadilanchya magnuschya pashchimekadil mohimesathi tyachyabarobar hota, parantu magnuschya mrutyunantar too norwella paratala.
nantarchya kathanmadhil isteinshey sambandhit anek vruttant sahityik rupanni vaishishtyikrut aahet aanee tyanchya jivanache srot mhanoon tyanna farse mahatva nahee. 13vya shatkachya suruvatichya kalatil himscringla yaa icelandic lekhakache lekhak snorry sterlusson yanna yaa sahityik shailivar visheshtah shailigat aanee manasikdrushtya prabhutva prapt jhaale. tyachya kathanmadhye istein aanee seagered yanchyatil tathakathit 'manjeving' (shabdasha 'purushanchi tulana') samavisht aahe, jyamadhye doghe ekmekanna mage taknyachya prayatnat tyanchya kaushalyambaddal aanee krutimbaddal abhiman balgatat. tyach paddhatine, snorry dekhil eka kathebaddal sangate qee isteinne eka mitrachi nairashya kashee door kelee, tyala tras denanya goshtimbaddal tyachyashi bolanyasathi niyamitpane vel kadhoon ghenyas sahmati darshavali. tyachya sharirik swarupavar, snorine lihile qee istein haah "sarvat sunder manus hota joou pahila jaau shakato. tyache dolhe nile ughade hote; tyache cases pivale aanee kurale hote; tyachi unchi unch navhati, tarr madhyam aakarachi hotee."adhik vishvasarh mahitee, visheshtah eyesteinchya bandhkam-prakalpambaddal, 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat lihilelya norwechya itihaskar theodoric daad mankchya karyasarkhya purvichya kathanmadhye dilee jaate.
rajya karato.
istein, seagered aanee olaf yanchyatil saha-rajvatit samayik rajvat hotee aanee rajya swatach nishchit simanmadhye vibhagale gele navhate. tyanchya karkirdichya suruvatichya varshanmadhye, istein bahutek paschim norwey aanee traundelagmadhye rahila asey mhatale jaate, tarr seagered wickenmadhye hota. vyavharat, keval istein aanee seagered yanni raja mhanoon shasson kele, kaaran olaf khoopach lahan hota aanee too keval satra varshancha asatana maran pavala aanee tyachya navavyatirikt tyachyabaddal aksharshah kahihi mahitee nahee. rajanni kelelya sarvat suruvatichya kayadyanpaiki eka mhanje rajane niyukt kelela eka vishesh kayada, 'retairboat' parit karane, jyane itar goshtimbarobarach 1030 chya dashakachya suruvatila swen nutson aanee elfgifu (knut daad gretchya antargat) chya danish rajvatitun udbhavalelya vividh shahee karanna radd kele. yamule raje khoop lokpriy jhaale. kahee strotannusar, curr radd karanyachi mukhya prerana sigardchya niyojit dharmayuddhasathi lokancha pathimba midvane hii hotee.
1107 kinwa 1108 madhye, anek varshanchya tayarinantar, seagered pavitra bhoomivar dharmayuddhasathi eka mothya tafyasah ravana jhaala, joou asey karnara pahila european raja hota. seagered 1111 madhye norweymadhye parat aala. dusarikade, istein konatyahi yuddhat sahbhagi jhaala nahee aanee asha prakare sigardbaddalchya tulanet tyachyabaddal barich qamee mahitee lihili gelee aahe, jaree snorry namood karato qee tyane "deshat dekhil khoop prabhav padala hota joou raja seagered tyachya pravasat asatana upayukt hota."sigardane jaree pramukhyane tyachya ekekalichya dharmayuddhamule, 'yoddha raja' mhanoon bhavee pidhyanmadhye prasiddhi midavali asali, taree katha lekhakanni isteinla 'shantata raja' mhanoon chitrit kele hote, joou gharee rahila aanee desh sudharla. tyachya dharmayuddhanantar ekonis varshe sigurd raja rahilyane, thodech vadavivad houn, itihaskar clodge cragg yanni asey manale aahe qee deshantargat shantateche shrey kadachit sigurdla dile jaau shakate. isteinchi aanee sigardchi tulana karnyasathi, snorry eka katha sangate qee isteinne tyaeivaji bhetvastu aanee mutsaddegirichya vaparadvare jamelandla norwechya mukutavar shantatet vash kele. snoricha ahwal asoonahi, aitihasik nondi soochit karatat qee jamtland phaar nantar, 1178 madhye king swerechya karkirdit norwechya rajvatila balee padala nahee. istein aanee seagered yanni finmarkenmadhil vyapar aanee curr aakaranivar maktedari asalyacha dawa keela aahe.
eyesteinchya karkirdit maase hii eka adhikadhik mahattvachi vastoo bunley, kaaran uttar norweymadhye adhik cudd masemari kelee jaat hotee aanee europemadhye stockfishchi magani vadhali hotee. sarvat yogya bandar mhanoon, englandmadhil grimsbeashy vyapar sambandhansah, bergen heey stockfishchya niryatiche mukhya vyapar kendra banale, tarr dhanya aanee peeth yasarkhya atyant aavashyak vastoonchya aayatis dekhil madat jhaali. vyapar pudhe nenyasathi, eyesteinkade uttar norweymadheel lofotenmadhil wagon yetheel masemari kendrat masemariche booth aanee eka church bandhale gele hote aanee too 1114 madhye swatah uttarela lophoten aanee traundenla gela. tyane trandhemsfjordchya tondavar egdenmadhye bandar bandhun tasech kinanyavaril lahan divyansah kinanyavaril marg surakshit keela. egdeenmadhil eyesteinchya bandar bandhkamachi tulana theodoric yaa bhikshune brundicium yetheel augustus sizarashi kelee hotee, joou sambandh theodoricne eyesteensathi lattin naav form "augustinus" chaa vapar kelyane sahajpane pratibimbit hoto. (anyatha, pope calixtus dusra eka patrat isteinla "ayastano" mhanato.) eyesteinchya karkirdichya aaspaschya kalatil eginessmadhye aata haravalelya bandarachya astitvache samarthan yaa bhagatil alikadil puratatva sarvekshananni kele aahe. snorry asehi mhanatat qee eyesteinmadhye nidarosmadhye bandhalele anek mothe korade bandar hote aanee tyane eka mothe jahaj bandhale hote jeey aakar aanee aakarane ekekali raja olaf trigvasanane bandhalelya 'orman lang' yaa mothya jahajasarkhe hote. isteinne dongral khindanmadhil aashraysthananmadhye, visheshtah dovremadhil herzkin yethe, kayamswarupi dekharekhikhali adhik aaramdayak gharanmadhye sudharana kelee.
istein aanee seagered yanchyatil snorichya 'manjaving' madhye, isteinne kathitpane asey mhatale aahe qee norweymadheel tyache swatache bandhkam-prakalp 'deshasathi adhik upayukt' hote, 'tumhi [seagered] sarklandmadhye saitanasathi bluemenchi hatya karnyapeksha."istein visheshtah bergenmadhye sakriy hota aanee shaharachya vikasatil tyachi bhoomika kadachit raja olaf kirre yachyapeksha adhik mahattvachi hotee, joou yaa aakhyayikenusar shaharacha sansthapak hota. tyane shaharatil shahee aasan allerexted yethoon shaharachya madhyabhagi, vagenchya purv kinanyavaril holmainemadhye halavale, jyamule nokarshahi tarksangat jhaali. holman yethe tyane preshitanche church (bahudha eka stave church) aanee eka seent bandhale. nicolaus church, tasech eka shahee rajwada, joou snorry sterlusonchya matey norweymadhye ubharaleli sarvat bhavya lakadi imarat hotee (jaree purvi lihilelya yaa bhikshune aadhich namood kele hote qee tee 'aata atishay vayane jawaljawal kosalali aahe'). tyane eka seent dekhil bandhala. maykelchya charchane aanee nordense yethe benedictin ebii munkeleev ebichi sthapana kelee aanee charchcha dashansh istein aanee sigardchya karkirdit sadar karnyat aala.
istein 29 august 1123 roji maran pavala, thodya velanantarach too friana, morr aanee romsdall yetheel hustad yethe mejavanidarmyan 'aajarane grast jhaala'. snorry sangato qee tyanantar tyacha mrutdeh nidarosmadhye nenyat aala aanee nidaros cathedralmadhye daphan karnyat aala. snorichya matey, kiman magnus daad gudchya mrutyunantar taree, "samanyatah asey mhatale jaat hote qee itake shoke karnare norweymadhye konatyahi mansachya kabarivar king eyesteinchya kabarivar kadhich ubhe rahile naheet". istein aanee sigardache rajya heey norwechya itihasatil sarvat pradirgh sanyukt rajya hote. eyesteinchya mrutyunantar, 1130 madhye sigardchya swatachya mrutyuparyant sigardane ektyane rajya kele.
kutumb.
isteinne goodbrandsdalenchya eka pramukh kuleen kutumbatil ingebjorg guttormsdattershy vivah keela. tyanche lagn heey purv norweymadhye yutee karnyachya eyesteinchya dhoranacha eka bhag hote. tyanna maria navachi eka mulgi hotee, jee bhavishyatil shahee dhong karnari olaf ugajevachi aaee jhaali, tichya 'lendman' goodbrand scavehogsonshee jhalelya vivahamule. norwechya yadavi yuddhachya kalat 1165 madhye olafala raja mhanoon naav denyat aale, parantu tyanantar magnus erlingsonne tyacha parabhav keela aanee tyala desh sodoon paloon jaanyas bhag padale.
varsa.
eyesteenbabatchi matey jordar anukool aahet. brahmachari bhikshune eyesteenbaddal lihile qee too "pramanikpanacha eka aadarsh hota, jyane aaplya prajanpeksha qamee naan hota sanyam aanee shahanpanane swatahvar rajya kele. too shantatapriy raja, sarvajanik kamancha eka mehanati vyavasthapak aanee sarvat mahattvache mhanje khristi dharmacha palak hota."snorry sterlusonne nantar lihile qee istein" "shahana, buddhiman aanee kayade aanee itihasashi parichit hota". tyala manavjatiche khoop dnyan hote, too sallamsalatimadhye vegwan, shabdanmadhye vivekasheel aanee atishay vaktrutvashil aanee atishay udar hota. too khoop anandi, tarihi vinamra hota; aanee serve lock tyachyavar prem karat hote aanee kharokharach tyachyavar prem karat hote."shantatapurn aanee deshantargat sakriy raja mhanoon eyesteinchya drushtikonache samarthan clodge kragsarkhya aadhunik itihaskaranni kele aahe, jaree sahityik alankarankade durlaksh kele pahije heey lakshat ghetale aahe.
12vya shatkachya madhyapurvicha eka shailibaddha sangamarvari pratima, 1853 madhye munkeliv mathat utkhananadarmyan sapadala hota aanee too norwechya rajache sarvat june sanrakshit chitra darshavito. yaa putalyavar 'istein rakes' assa shilalekh aahe aanee too bahudha bhintivar bandhalelya purn aakruti asalelya putalyacha bhag hota. putalyavar paridhan kelela shirastran german shahee mukutasarakha kinwa byzantine prakarcha asalyache mhatale gele aahe. snorry sterlusonchya matey, isteinche dolhe "kahise mothe" hote, jeey bustshee julatat asey disate. snorine swatah bergenmadhye haah aavart pahila asel, tyamule tyache vrutt eyesteinchya sharirik swarupavar swatantra srot darshavate qee nahee heey aspasht aahe. aaj, haah putala burgen sangrahalayachya sangrahat aahe.
masemari shahar vaganche sansthapak mhanoon tyachya sthitichya smaranarth (jaree teey kiman eka shatkasathi eka mahattvache kendra hote), arther gustavsonne 1935 madhye vaganmadhil bredablic yethe isteincha (öystainstatuen) eka prachand putala ubharala, vastuvisharad harrald sanadchya kalpanenantar. dovre yetheel hejarkin yethe, 1969 madhye magnus polsonchya aarakhadyanusar, isteinne gavajaval "selehus" kinwa niwara bandhalyachya smaranarth isteinla samarpit eka church ("istinskirakja") bandhanyat aale.