suruvatiche gulam

suruvatiche gulam heey indo-european lock hote jeey madhya aanee purv europemadhye sthalantar kaal aanee suruvatichya madhyayugat (andaje puu teey teey shatkaparyant) rahat hote aanee tyanni uchch madhyayugatil slavic rajyandvare slavic rashtransathi paya ghatala. aitihasik nondinchya abhavamule gulamanchi mool matrubhoomi ajunahi vadacha vishay aahe; tathapi, vidvananche asey mutt aahe qee teey purv europemadhye hote, poleshiya heey sarvat samanyatah sweekarle jaanare sthan hote.
slave' yaa navacha pahila lekhee vapar 6 vya shatkat jhaala, jevha madhya aanee purv europechya mothya bhagat slavic jamati rahat hotya. toparyant, eurasian gavatal pradeshat rahnare bhatkya irani bhashik lock (sythian, sermatians, alance ii.).) yaa pradeshatil slavic bhashik loksankhyene aatmasat kele hote. pudhil done shatkanmadhye, slavecha vistar paschimekade elbe nadiparyant aanee dakshinekade alps aanee balkanchya dishene jhaala, yaa prakriyet celtic, german, ilerian aanee thracian lock shoshale gele aanee teey volga nadichya dishene purvekade gele. sahavya aanee satvya shatkanchya darmyan, europecha motha bhag gulamanchya niyantranakhali aala, hii prakriya pashchimekadil german ethanogenesispeksha qamee samajali aanee dastaivajikaran kelee gelee. tarihi, gulamgiriche parinam barech adhik sakhol hote.
khristikaran shatkachya suruvatila, gulamanche haloohaloo khristikaran jhaale (greek orthodox aanee roman catholickwad donhi). 12 vya shatkaparyant, teey anek madhyayugeen khrishchan rajyanchi mukhya loksankhya hoteh kiven rusmadhil purv slav, bulgarian samrajyatil dakshin slav, sarbiyache sansthan, croatiache duchy aanee bosniyache bannet aanee nayatra, gret moravia, bohemiyache duchy aanee polandache rajya yaa sansthanatil paschim slav. itihasatil sarvat june dnyat slavic sansthan carantania hote, jyachi sthapana 7 vya shatkat sadhyachya slovensche purvaj, purv alpine slaves yanni kelee hotee. purvekadil alpschya slavic vasahatit aadhunik kalatil slovinia, purv frull aanee aadhunik kalatil austriyacha motha bhag samavisht hota.
mool.
ii. sha. chya pahilya aanee chamatkaranchya' shatkatil roman lekhakanna venetti yaa navane suruvatichya gulamanchi olakh hotee. pliny daad elder, tacitus aanee tolemy yansarkhya lekhakanni venetiche varnan vistula nadichya purvekadil aanee venedic khadichya (gdansk khadee) bajoone simevar bhoomimadhye kele aahe. nantar, sthalantar kalat teen gatanmadhye vibhagalele, suruvatiche gulam byzantine lekhakanna venetti, ants aanee sclaveney mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. 6 vya shatkatil itihaskar jordense yanni tyanchya 551 vya grunth 'getika' madhye slavscha ('sclaveney') sandarbh deela aahe, asey namood karat qee 'jaree teey ekach rashtratoon aale asale taree aata teey venetti, antes aanee sclaveney yaa teen navanni olakhale jaatat' ('abb una stirap exorty, tria nomina ediderant, idd est venetti, antes, sclaveney').
prokopiyasne lihile qee "sclaveney aanee antey yanna pratyakshat durastha bhootkalat ekach naav hote; kaaran tyaa doghannahi junya kalat sporoi mhatale jaat asey". aitihasik lekhan "sloven" madheel kadachit sarvat juna ullekh tolemichya "bhoogol" "bhoogol" shatak) madhye "σταίανοί" (stavanoi) aanee "σοίοβηνοί" (suobenoi/sovobenoi, suobeni, suoveni) mhanoon pramanit keela aahe, joou bahudha bhatkya alanian lokanshi jawalcha sambandh asalelya suruvatichya slavic jamatincha sandarbh deto, jyanni volga nadichya poorves sthalantar kele asave. puu shatkat madhyayugatil suruvatichya kalat, carolingian samrajyachya simevar simevar suruvatichya gulamanna wenned ('vendor') mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey, hii sandnya purvichya roman kalatil navapasoon vegali hotee.
suruvatichya gulamanshi sambandhit sarvat june puratatviy nishkarsh ii. sha. puu. puu shatkapasoon ii. sha. puu. puu shatkaparyantchya zarubinsi, chernyakhov aanee prazevorsk sanskratinshi sambandhit aahet. tathapi, anek bhagat, puratatvashastradnyan slavic aanee naun-slavic nishkarshanmadhye farak karnyat adchaninna samore jaave lagate, jase qee chernyakhov aanee prazevorskchya babatit, kaaran sanskratinna dekhil irani kinwa german lokanshi sambandhit hote aanee tyaa keval ekach pracheen aadivasi kinwa bhashik gatashi sambandhit navhatya. nantar, 6 vya shatkachya suruvatis, slavic bhautik sanskratinmadhye pragyu-korchak, penkovka, epotesty-candesty aanee suko-zedzis gut sanskratincha samavesh hota. tatbandi asalelya vasahati (dorr), kumbharkamatil bhandi, shastre, dagine aanee mokalya nivassthananpasun purava.
mool-gulam matrubhoomi.
pracheen-gulamanchi matrubhoomi heey isavi sunn pahilya sahasrabdidarmyan madhya aanee purv europemadhil gulam vasahatiche kshetra aahe, jyachya achook sthanavar puratatvashastradnya, vanshikshastradnya aanee itihaskaranni vaad ghatala aahe. bahutek vidwan poliyala gulamanchi matrubhoomi manatat.
jawalchya purvet slavic mool thevanyacha prayatna karnare siddhant nakarle gele aahet. prastavit matrubhumipaiki konatihi purvekadil volga nadiparyant, nairutya bhagatil dinarik alpswar kinwa dakshinekadil balkan parvatanvar kinwa pashchimetil bhootkalatil bohemiyaparyant pohochat nahee. sumare 900 chya aaspaschya bavarian bhoogolkaramadhye, gulamanchya mool matrubhoomicha sarvat aadhi ullekh aahe, joou gulamanchya matrubhoomila zeriunishi jodato, jeey kahee jann chirantan jaminichya barobariche aahet.
aitihasik nondinnusar, slavic matrubhoomi madhya-purv europemadhye kuthetari asel. ii. sha. chya sha aanee khristikaran shatkatil sanskratinche-penkova-sankul samanyatah tyaa kalatil slavic-bhashikancha vistar pratibimbit karnyasathi sweekarle jaate. aadhunik bellaroos, polland aanee ukrainechya pradeshanmadhil sanskruti heey mukhya umedvar aahet. polandachya itihaskar gerard labudachya matey, sumare ii. sha. puu. 1700 teey 1200 paryantchi traziniac sanskruti hii slavic lokanchi vanshik utpatti aahe. millograd sanskratiche gruhitak asey manate qee purv-mool-gulam (kinwa balto-gulam) ii. sha. puu. khristikaran shatkat-ii. sha. puu. sunn shatkat bhaugolikdrushtya vayavya ukraine aanee dakshin belarusmadhye sthit asalelya ii. sha. sam. sanskratimadhye ugam pavale. chernols sanskruti siddhantanusar, purv-mool-gulamancha ugam vayavya yukrenmadhil 1025-700 bii. see. sanskruti aanee ii. sha. puu. puu shatkatil aanee shatkatil ii. sha. puu. puu shatkatil zarubinsi sanskratimadhye jhaala. lucesian sanskratichya gruhitkanusar, teey ishanya madhya europemadhye 1300-500 bii. see. sanskruti aanee puu shatkatil bii. see. see shatkatil edd prazevorsk sanskratimadhye upasthit hote. danube khore gruhitak, oleg trubachyovne gruheet dharale aanee florin curta aanee "nestercha itihas" dware samarthit, asey siddha karate qee slave madhya aanee aagney europemadhye ugam pavale. 
bhashashastra.
proto-slavic hii eurasiat bolalya olakhalya anek bhashancha ugam karnari punarnirmit bhasha, proto-indo-europeanpasoon vikasit houu lagali. slavic bhasha baltic bhashansah anek vaishishtye samayik karatat (nakaratmak vakyanchya vastunsathi janukeey kesacha vapar, proto-indo-european "kedblue" aanee itar labalized wellers), jeey indo-europeanchya tyaa done bhashik shakhanchya vikasatil samanya proto-balto-slavic tappa darshavu shakatat. fredrick courtlandtne samanya bhashecha pradesh proto-indo-european matrubhumijaval thewala aaheh "sthalantaranantar rahilele indo-europeey balto-slavicche bhashik banale". prachalit kurgan gruhitkanusar, proto-indo-europeanchi mool matrubhoomi purv europechya pontic-caspian maidanamadhye asoo shakate.
ii. sha. puu. puu sahasrakachya purvardhat, mool-gulamanchi bhasha vegalya bhashet vikasit jhaali. aaplya kanya bhashanna varshane midalelya adim-gulam shabdasangrahat, aaplya bhashikanche sharirik aanee samajik vatavaran, bhavna aanee garja yanche varnan kele aahe. swekri' ('patichi aaee') aanee 'jhuli' ('mehuni') yasah, mool-gulamanmadhye kautumbik sambandhansathi shabd hote. varshane midalelya samanya slavic shabdasangrahat parvat kinwa maidan, samudra, kinarpattichi vaishishtye, kinarpattichi vanaspati kinwa prani kinwa kharya panyachya mashansathi vaishishtyapurn asalelya bhautik prushthbhagachya vaishishtyansathi tapshilvar shabdavalicha abhav aahe.
vistulacha srot aanee niparchya madhya vardar proto-slavic hydronyms jatan kelya gelya aahet. tyache uttarekadil pradesh jyaa pradeshala lagoon aahet, jyamadhye baltic mool asalelya nadyanchi nave (daugava, neman aanee itar) bharpur aahet. dakshin aanee purvela, tyachya simevar irani nadyanchya nave (neister, neeper aanee dons) aahet. aadya-gulam aanee irani bhashanmadhil sambandh dekhil pahilya bhashetil udhar ghetalelya shabdanchya sarvat junya tharadware darshavila jaato; devasathiche aadya-gulam shabd "(* bogu)," rakshas "(* divu)," ghar "(* jhaata)," hotee "(* toporu)" aanee kutra "(* sobaka)" heey sythian moolche aahet. cythian aanee sarmatian yanchya irani bolibhashanni tyanchya aanee suruvatichya proto-slavic yanchyatil samparkachya sahasrabdidarmyan slavic shabdasangrahavar prabhav padala.
* kupiti" ("kharedi karane"), * zugogu ("kushal"), "* селму" ("shirastran") aanee "* xlévü" ("kothar") yasarkhya german shabdanchya sankhyevarun proto-slavic aanee german bhashanmadhil sambandh gruheet dharata yeto. beach, learch aanee yusathiche samanya slavic shabd dekhil german bhashekadun ghetale gele hote, jyamule polish vanaspatishastradnya jozef rostafinsky yanni slavic matrubhoomi poleshiyachya prepet daldalimadhye thewali, jyat tyaa vanaspatincha abhav aahe. 
ii. sha. chya chauthya shatkapurvichya samanya slavic bolibhasha shodhalya jaau shakat naheet kaaran serve kanya bhasha nantarchya prakaranmadhun udayas aalya. swar shabd taana taana shatkatil jahirat badal) serve slavic bhashanmadhye aahe aanee proto-slavic hii bhasha bahudha isavi sunn sunn sahasrakachya shevati bolali jaat hotee tee pratibimbit karate.
itihaslekhan.
jordense, procopius aanee itar divangat roman lekhak ii. sha. sha shatkachya uttaradhat dakshinekadil gulamanche sambhavya sarvat june sandarbh detat. jordensene 550 kinwa 551 madhye constantinopalmadhye casiodoruschya dirgh karyacha sankshipt saransh asalela tyacha 'gothick itihas' purn keela. tyane atirikt srot dekhil vaparleh pustake, nakashe kinwa maukhik parampara.
jordense yanni lihile qee venethi, sclavens aanee ants hii vanshik nave hotee jee ekach gatala sandarbhit karatat. tyacha dawa eka sahasrabdihun adhik kalanantar warzineck suroviki, pavell jozaf sapharik aanee itar itihaskaranni swikarla, jyanni venethi (tacituschya 'germania' madhye naav dilele lock) ii. sha. chya pahilya shatkachya shevatchya dashakanmadhye jyaa deshanmadhye rahat hote tyaa deshanmadhye slavic 'urhemat' chaa shodh ghetala. pliny daad elderne lihile qee vistulapasoon eningia (kadachit fenningia kinwa finland) paryant pasarlelya pradeshat sarmati, wends, skiirii aanee hirri lock rahat hote.
prokopiyasne 550 chya dashakat samrat justinian pahila yachya karkirdivar (imarati, yuddhancha itihas aanee gupt itihas) tyachi teen kaame purn kelee. pratyek pustakat purv roman samrajyavar sclavens aanee ants yanni kelelya chhapyanvishayi tapshilvar mahitee aahe aanee 'yuddhanchya itihas' madhye tyanchya shraddha, pratha aanee nivassthananche sarvasamaveshak varnan aahe. pratyaksh sakshidar nasla taree, procopiusche italimadhye roman bajoone bajoone sclavin bhadotri sainikanmadhye sampark hote.
jordenschya ahavalashi sahmat houn, prokopiyasne lihile qee sclavens aanee ants ekach bhasha bolatat parantu tyanche samaan mool venethimadhye nahee tarr teey 'sporoi' mhanoon olakhatat asha lokanmadhye aadhalale. "sporoi (greekmadhye" "biyane" ";" "bijakananchi tulana qaraa" ") heey lattin" "semnon" "aanee" "germany" "(" "jantu" "kinwa" "rope" ") chya samatulya aahe aanee german bhashashastradnya jacob griim yancha assa vishvas hota qee suebi mhanje" "slav". " jordense aanee procopius yanni suebila "suvi" mhatale. bavarian bhoogolkarachya slavic jamatinchya yadichya shevati eka nond aaheh "suevi janmala yet naheet, teey perale jaatat (" seminati ")". tacituschya suevidware bolali jaanari bhasha adnyat aahe. tyachya deshantarabaddalchya varnanat (qa. 512) scandinaviatil herulipasoon, procopius madhya europemadhye gulamanna sthan deto.
592 teey 602 darmyan lihilelya aanee samrat mauricela shrey dilelya 'stragicon auph morris' yaa lashkari pustika madhye sclavens aanee antsche asech varnan aadhalate. tyache lekhak, eka anubhavi adhikari, shatkavsanantar khalchya danubevaryl sclevensviruddhachya purvekadil roman mohimanmadhye sahbhagi jhaale. eka lashkari karmchari sadasya dekhil theophilect simokattachya tyach mohimanchya kathanakacha srot hota.
jaree bragache martin heey 580 purvi 'sclaves' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya lokancha sandarbh denare pahile pashchatya lekhak hote, taree bobiochya jonas yanni tyanchya 'seent kolumbanasachya jeevanat' (239 aanee 643 darmyan lihilelya) jawalchya gulamanchi sarvat junie pradirgh nond samavisht kelee. jonas yanni slavanna 'venetti' asey sambodhale aanee tyanna 'slavi' mhanoonahi olakhale jaat asalyache namood kele.
fredegger aanee bonifaces pashchatya lekhakanni 'venethi' haah shabd jatan keela. franks ('seent martinuschya jeevanat', 'fredeggercha itihas' aanee sahalicha gragory), lombards (paul daad decan) aanee anglo-saxon ('widsith') yanna elbe-seela pradeshatil slave aanee pomeraniala 'wenden' kinwa 'winden' (wenned pahaa) asey sambodhale jaate. styria aanee carinthiache phrank aanee bavarian tyanchya gulam shejarila 'windische' mhanat asat.
chronicle auph fredegger' chya adnyat lekhakane 'venedi' (aanee prakar) haah shabd avaranni adheen kelelya gulamanchya gatacha sandarbh denyasathi vaparla. vruttantat, 'venedi' neey eka rajya tayar kele jeey 623 chya sumaras awar viruddha frankish vyapari samochya netrutvakhalil bandatoon udayas aale. paribhashet badal, samoohik 'sclavens' aanee 'ants' sathee slavic aadivasi navanchi jaaga, shatkachya akheris aalee; pahili aadivasi nave 690 chya sumaras 'seent demetriuschya chamatkaranchya' chamatkaranchya' pustakat nondavali gelee. adnyat 'bavarian bhoogolkar' neey 840 chya sumaras frankish samrajyatil slavic jamatinchi yadee kelee aanee balkan dweepkalpatil 10 vya shatkatil jamatinche tapshilvar varnan samrat constantine vhee. porpherogenitus yanchya aashrayakhali 950 chya sumaras constantinopalmadhye sankalit kele gele.
puratatva.
puratatva sahityat, anek kalkhand aanee pradeshanmadhil anek sanskratinna prarambhik slavic patra denyacha prayatna keela gela aahe. teey pramukhyane keev sanskratishi sambandhit aahet, jee 2 teey 5 vya shatkapasoon "madhya aanee varchya neeper vardar bharbharatila aalee, varchya neeper aanee varchya dwina dwina zaozere prakarchya thikananshi aanee shevati varchya nister morawa-danube cherpin-terrematcy aanee pripyat morawa-danube austrov prakarchya thikananchya gatanshi samaan aahe". 6 vya aanee 7 vya shatkatil pragyu-korchak, pragyu-penkovka aanee kolochin sanskrutik kshitijancha purvavarti mhanoon yala manyata denyat aalee aahe, jyat danistarpasoon teey elbparyantchya slavic sanskratincha samavesh aahe. "sankuchit arthane "prag sanskruti" mhanje bohemiya, moravia aanee paschim slovakiachya bhovati gatbaddh keleli pashchatya slavic samagri, jee pudhe purvekade mogila (dakshin polland) aanee korchak (paschim-madhya ukraine aanee dakshin bellaroos) gatanpeksha vegali aahe. prag aanee mogila gatankade 6 vya shatkatil pashchatya gulamanche puratatviy pratibimb mhanoon pahile jaate.
purvi, 2 teey 5 vya shatkatil chernyakhov sanskratimadhye aadhunik ukraine, moldova aanee valleshiya yancha samavesh hota. chernyakovchya shodhanmadhye polish keleli kalee-matichi bhandi, bareek dhatuche dagine aanee lokhandi sadhane yancha samavesh aahe. boris raibakov yanchyasarkhya soviet vidvananni yala mool-gulamanche puratatviy pratibimb mhanoon pahile. chernyakov kshetrakade aata anek lokanchya sanskrutik parasparsanvadache pratinidhitva mhanoon pahile jaate, jyapaiki eka cytho-cermacian paramparanmadhye rujaleli hotee, jee gothdware sadar kelelya german ghatkandware sudharit kelee gelee hotee. hotee bhatti asalele ardh-bhoomigat nivassthan nantar suruvatichya slavic sthalanche vaishishtya banale, jyala volodymyr baranne slavic "vanshik badge" mhatale. podoliachya carpethian payathyashi, chernyakov kshetrachya vayavya simevar, gulam haloohaloo sanskratikdrushtya eksandh lock banale; chernyakhov kshetrachya bahujatiy vatavaranane "itar gatanpeksha tyanche vegalepan prakat karnyasathi aatm-olakhanyachi garaj" sadar kelee.
chernyakov kshetrachya vayvyes asalelya prazevorsk sanskraticha vistar neestarpasoon tisza tisza aanee uttarekade vistula aanee odarparyant jhaala. (celtic) laa teena sanskruti, (german) jastorf sanskratichya oderchya palikade aanee polish maidanachya bail-grave sanskratichya prabhavane sudharit kelelya purvichya paramparanmadhye mool asalelya sthanik sanskratinche heey eka mishran hote. venethi lokanni bhoomika bajavali asel; itar gatanmadhye vidhvansak, bergandian aanee sermatians yancha samavesh hota. prazevorsk kshetrachya poorves zarubinate sanskruti hotee, jee kadhikadhi prazevorsk sankulacha bhag manali jaate. zarubinate sanskratichya vyapalelya bhagat suruvatichi slavic hydronyms aadhaltat aanee irena rusinovane prastavit kele qee prag-prakarchya matichya bhandyanchi sarvat aadarsh udaharane nantar tethe udbhavali. zarubinate sanskratila mool-gulam kinwa vanshikdrushtya mishra samuday mhanoon olakhale jaate joou gulam banala. 
vadhatya vayanusar, dnyat aitihasik gatanshi puratatviy sambandh jodale jaau shakatat, haah aatmavishvas qamee hoto. chernol sanskratikade gulamanchya utkrantitil eka tappa mhanoon pahile gele aahe aanee marija gimbutanni tyala mool-gulam matrubhoomi mhanoon olakhale aahe. anek purv-itihaskaranchya matey, european lohyugachya lokansathi vanshik label ayogya aahet.
ii. sha. puu. chauthya sahasrakachya uttaradhat aanee aanee sahasrakachya suruvatila golakar ubhaychar sanskruti madhya niparpasoon koparaparyant pasarali. heey germano-balto-slavic satatya (germanic thurr gruhitak) chey sthan mhanoon suchavale gele aahe, parantu indo-europeey mhanoon tyachya dharkanchi olakh anishchit aahe. sanskratichya bhagat anek tumuli aahet, jeey indo-europeey lokansathi vaishishtyapurn aahet.
ii. sha. puu. puu teey teey shatkatil chernols sanskruti, jee kadhikadhi herodotuschya 'skythian 'skythian shhee sambandhit asate, tee 'kadhikadhi ektar slavic bhashanchya vikasatil rajya mhanoon kinwa kiman kahee pramanat slavic vanshanchya utkrantisathichya uttaradhatil indo-european purvaj mhanoon chitrit kelee jaate. millograd sanskruti (ii. sha. puu. 700-ii. sha. puu. 100), jee sadharanpane aajchya belarusmadhye aanee chernols sanskratichya uttares kendrit aahe, tee dekhil slav kinwa baltsasathi purvaj mhanoon prastavit kelee gelee aahe aanee zarubinsi sanskruti (ii. sha. puu. puu shatak teey ii. sha. puu. puu shatak) aanee auxivi sanskruti heey itar umedvar aahet.
ethanogenesis.
mukhya pravahatil aanee sanskruti-aitihasik drushtikonanusar, jeey vanshik utpattichya adim pratimevar bharr dete, jangale aanee panthal pradeshatil gulam matrubhoomine tyanna tyanchi vanshik olakh, dhvanyatmak aanee kahee shabdik ghatak vagalata bhasha aanee tyanchya pitruvanshiy, krishi pratha jatan karnyas saksham kele. suruvatichya slavchi utpatti zarubinsi aanee chernyakov sanskratinmadhye aanee vistula aanee neeper nadyanmadhil kshetramadhye parat jaate; jeey poleshiyachya sarvant maulyavan daldalivar kendrit aahe. tasech, zarubinsi aanee chernyakov sanskruti sthalantar kalat suruvatichya gulamanchya nantarchya vibhaganiche vegvegalya gatanmadhye spashtikaran deu shakatat. eka sahasrabdinantar, jevha shikari samrajya kosalale aanee tyanantar thodyach velat avtar aale, tevha gulam udayas aale aanee madhya aanee aagney europemadhye vegane pasarale, tyanchyabarobar tyanchya chaliriti aanee bhasha aanalya.
marija gimbutaschya matey, "[aine] ektar bulger kinwa avaranni balkan dweepkalpavar vasahat kelee; thress, ilria aanee greesmadhye vadal kelyanantar teey danubechya uttares asalelya tyanchya pradeshat parat gele. gulamannich vasahatvad keela... sampoorn kutumbe kinwa agadi sampoorn jamatinnihi jamineet ghuskhori kelee. eka shetkari mhanoon, tyanni satatyane loksankhyechya atirikt utpannasathi eka marg shodhala. eka sahasrabdihun adhik kaal skythian, sermatians aanee gothchya paradeshi rajvatine dadapalele, teey eka chhotya pradeshapurate maryadit hote; aata adthale qamee jhaale hote aanee teey otale gele hote.
paul barford yanni suchavale qee sahavya teey navvya shatkatil dastaivajikrut slavic sthalantarapurvi madhya-purv europechya vistrut bhagat (chernyakov aanee zarubinsi-prezworsk sanskrutik kshetranmadhye) slavic gut astitvat asoo shakatat. sarmatian, goth aanee huun sainyat sahayyak mhanoon kaam karnare, slavic bhashikanchi thodi sankhya sahavya shatkapurvi balkanparyant pohochali asavi.
tyanchya jansankhyikiy vadhivyatirikt, kahee pramanat german sthalantaramule madhya-purv europechi loksankhya qamee hone, shatkanushatke sangharshanantar aanee visheshtah justinian plegmule nasht jhalelya simanvaril roman shahee sanrakshanacha abhav aanee uttaradhatil pracheen chhotya himyugane (536-660 ce) carpathian parvatanchya paschim aanee dakshines slavic vistar aanee vasahatila protsahan dile. sthalantarvadi model heey gulam aanee gulam sanskratichya (bhashesah) prasarache sarvat sweekarya aanee tarkik spashtikaran aahe.
vanshik utpattichya sanskruti-samajik pratimanavar bharr bharr prakriyatmak drushtikonanusar, "sthalantar aanee loksankhya badalanyachya babatit keval sanskruti badal spasht karanyachi garaj nahee". tyat assa yuktivad keela aahe qee slavic vistar pramukhyane "bhashik prasar" hota. slavic bhasha vegvegalya karananmule europechya serve pradeshanmadhye pasarlya. juko lindstedtne lihile qee, "lattin aanee proto-romansachya prasarasathi pashchimepramane europechya purvela slavic prasarache ekach spashtikaran nahee."madhya europeche gulamgiriche sthalantar jhaale. 6 vya shatkat german loksankhyene mothya pramanat sodoon dilyane, baltic pradesh aanee elb nadee heey slavic loksankhyene punha vasavale. purv slavic bhasha sthalantar aanee bhasha badaladvare sampoorn purv europemadhye pasarlya. purv slavic hii saksharatecha sweekar karoon, finno-yugrik aanee baltic bhashanna visthapit karoon, aanee purvichya bhashanche ghatak aatmasat karoon eka pratishthechi bhasha bunley hotee. dakshin slavic bhasha sampoorn balkanmadhye pasarlya, navyane lashkarikrut slavic jamatinchya prasaradvare tayar kelelya aadivasi jaalyancha samavesh asalelya jatil bhashechya badalanmule roman aanee helenyukt sthanik loksankhyechya bhashanchi jaaga ghetali. horace lunt heey slavicchya prasarache shrey 'awar khanetchya slavic' vishesh seema rakshak 'chya yashala aanee halchalinna dete, jyanni awar khaganetmadhye' lingwa franca 'mhanoon tyacha vapar keela. lantanusar, keval eka 'lingwa franca' mhanoon, tulanene eksaman rahoon, slavic itar bhasha aanee bolibhashanche sthan gheu shakat hote. jaree teey balkan, purv alps aanee morawa-danube morawa-danube pradeshik slavic gatanchya nirmitiche spashtikaran deu shakat asale, taree lantcha siddhant baltic pradeshat aanee purvekadil slavechya pradeshat slavicchya prasaracha hishob karat nahee, jeey panonian avarashi konatehi aitihasik sambandh nasalele kshetra aahet.
abhijat varchasvashi sambandhit eka sankalpana mhanje pranali kosalanyachi kalpana, jyamadhye huun aanee roman samrajyanchya patnane nirman jhalelya shaktichya nirvatamule alpasankhyak gatala tyanchya pratha aanee bhasha ladata aalee. florin kurta yanni adhik tokache gruhitak mandale aahe, jeey manatat qee gulamancha shodh 'vanshik-rajkiy shreni' mhanoon byzantine yaa bahya strotatoon rajkiy sadhanandware aanee roman simanvaril parasparsanvadvare lavala gela hota, jithe eka anagarik abhijat sanskruti bharbharatila aalee hotee.
tathapi, michel kazanskine assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee jaree "jaree slavic sanskrutik modelchya loksankhyechi halchal aanee gair-slavic loksankhyemadhye yaa modelcha prasar [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [ghadale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale] [jhaale]...) slavic modelcha shuddha prasar kvachitach shakya hoil, konatyahi paristhitit jevha vividh sanskrutik paramparanchi loksankhya ekmekanchya jawal rahat hotee tevha dirgh kalavadhi gruheet dharala jaato. shivay, slavic puratan vastunvar sanshodhan karnare puratatvashastradnya 'prasarvadyanni' tayar kelelya kalpana swikarat naheet, kaaran prasar modelchya bahutek vijetyanna vishisht puratatva samagrichi kamatarata mahit asate, tyamule tyanchya kamanmule anek aniyantrit arth lavnyas vav midato.
anuvanshiki.
slave aanee slavic bhasheche mool olakhanyachya navintam prayatnat serve vidyaman aadhunik slavic loksankhyechya pitru aanee matechya anuvanshik vanshavalicha tasech autosomal dnaha abhyas samavisht aahe. aahe aanee aanee upkhand upkhand, aar-emm558 aanee aay-see. tii. ess. 10228 yaa vaay-dna haplogroupschi bhinnata aanee varanvarta hii slavic prarambhik madhyayugeen sthalantar aanee purv europemadhun, bahudha sadhyachya ukrainechya (madhya neeper asalelya kshetramadhye) aanee aagney polandachya pradeshatoon slavic bhashechya prasarashi sambandhit aahe.
2013 chya autosomal aay. bii. dii. abhyasanusar, "gelya 3,000 varshantil alikadil vanshavalichya purvajambaddal, khandiy staravar", dakshin slave aanee dhruvanmadhye samanya purvajanchi sankhya khoop jaast aahe. heey hannik aanee slavic vistaramule jhaale aahe, jeey "mothya bhaugolik kshetravar vistarleli tulanene lahan loksankhya hotee", visheshtah "sahavya shatkachya suruvatis qamee loksankhyechya ghanatechya pradeshanmadhye slavic loksankhyecha vistar" aanee teey "slavic bhashanchya aadhunik vitaranashi atyant susangat aahe" assa nishkarsh kadhala jaato. kushniyarevich aanee itaranchya matey. 2015, helenthal aanee itar. 2014 aay. bii. dii. chya vishleshanat asehi aadhalun aale qee, purv europemadhil (slavic aanee naun-slavic donhi) bahu-dishatmak mishran ghatana, jyaa sumare 1,000-1,600 vaay. bii. pii. chya aahet, jyaa 'slavic vistarasathi prastavit kalmaryadeshi' julatat. slavic prabhav "bulgarian, roman aanee hungarian lokanmadhye 500-900 see. eae. kinwa thodya velanantar 40-50% paryant aahe". 2015 chya aay. bii. dii. vishleshanat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee dakshin slavchi greekanshi purv slave aanee paschim slavechya tulanet qamee jawalik aahe aanee purv-paschim slave-'aantar-slavic' loksankhyemadhye (hungarian, roman aanee gagaooz)-aanee dakshin slave, mhanje.eae. gulamansah lokanchya gruheet aitihasik chalvalinchya kshetramadhye. dakshin aanee purv-paschim slavemadheel samayik aay. bii. dii. vibhaganche thode shikhar samayik 'slavonic-time purvaj' soochit karate. pashchatya balkanchya alikadil mishran vishleshananusar, dakshin slavmadhye anuvanshik ekarupata disun yete, samkalin dakshin slavanmadhye mool balto-slavic anuvanshik ghatak 55 teey 70 takke darmyan aahet, visheshtah puratatviy mahitivar aadharit aadhunik sarbanchya babatit 50-60%.
vidnyan" madhye prakashit jhalelya 2022 chya puratatviy abhyasane pracheen, madhyayugeen aanee aadhunik loksankhyechya namunyanchi tulana kelee aanee pushti kelee qee madhyayugeen slavic sthalantarancha "yaa pradeshavar kholvar parinam jhaala", parinami aagney europemadhil anatolian neolithic vansh qamee jhaale. purv-slavic balkan loksankhyemadhye vanshacha bahutek anatolian navpashan ghatak asato, tarr balkan bahereel sadhyachya slavemadhye sarvat qamee, "aagney europemadhil sadhyachya lock done tokanchya darmyan madhyavarti aahet" (croates aanee hungarian heey sarvat slavic aahet). 2023 chya puratatviy aay. bii. dii. abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee slave eka vishisht aanee olakhanyayogya anuvanshik samooh tayar karatat joou "purv german lock aanee sarmatian kinwa skythians baltic-sambandhit gatachya mishranane tayar jhaala hota". tyach varshichya aanakhi eka abhyasat madhyayugeen vayavya rashiyatil slave aanee slavic bhashechya sthalantarasandarbhat anuvanshik badal aadhalun aala.
dekhava.
chronica slavorummadhye, helmold vakyanvar lihito qee "yaa purushanna nile dolhe, lalsar chehare aanee lamb cases aahet". ibrahim ibn yakubne ullekh keela qee gulamanchi dadhi hotee. prokopiyasne lihile qee, 'serve gulam unch aanee visheshtah majboot asatat, tyanchi tvacha farshi pandhari nasate aanee tyanche cases soneri kinwa kaale nasatat, parantu sarvanche cases lalsar asatat. jordenne lihile...teey serve unch aanee khoop majboot aahet... tyanchi tvacha aanee cases phaar gadad kinwa halake nasatat, tarr teey teey lalsar asatat. ibrahim ibn yakubne lihileh "jaree tyanchya bahunchya tokanna arundpana asala taree teey bharpur poshakh ghalatat". prokopiyasne lihile qee purush dekhil kambareparyant odhalelya eka prakarchya galancha vapar karatat.
theophilect simokatta yane gulamambaddal lihile qee, "samrat yaa jamatibaddalchya katha aikoon khoop utsuk hota, tyane anagarikanchya deshatoon yaa navoditanche swagat kele aahe aanee tyanchi unchi aanee parakrami unchi pahoon aashcharyachakit jhalyanantar tyane yaa lokanna herakeliyala pathavale". hisaham ibn all-kalbi yanni gulamanche varnan asey kele aahe...gora kesanche aanee lalsar rangache asankhya rashtra aanee all-baladuri yanni gulamancha sandarbh dett lihile qee, "jarr rajkumarala havey asel tarr tyachya darabaher kaale sudanian kinwa lalsar gulam asateel".
samaj.
prarambhik slavic samaj haah lohyugatil europemadhil eka vaishishtyapurn vikendrikrut aadivasi samaj hota aanee sthanik sardaranmadhye sanghatit hota. khristikaran aanee gelee darmyan eka santh ektrikaran jhaale, jevha purviche eksaman slavic sanskrutik kshetra swatantra kshetranmadhye vikasit jhaale. gulam gut byzantium, khazar, wikings aanee carolingian yasarkhya shejarchya sanskratinni prabhavit hote aanee tyaa badalyat tyanchya tyanchya prabhav padat hote.
sardaranmadhye haloohaloo sthititil farak vikasit jhaala, jyamule kendrikrut samajik-rajkiy sanghatanancha vikas jhaala. pahilya kendrikrut sanstha tatpuratya sarvabhru yoddha sanghatana asoo shakatat, jyacha sarvat motha purava danubian bhagat aahe, jithe jangali gatanni sainyachya pramukhanchya bhovati zantine pradeshavar chhapa taknyasathi aanee panonian avarpasoon swatache sanrakshn karnyasathi sanghatit kele hote. paschim slav bhagat pahilyanda shaivalasarkhe tatbandi asalelya, vanshparamparagat sardaranchya swarupat samajik starikaran haloohaloo vikasit jhaale. pramukhala yoddhyanchya eka tukadine pathimba deela, jyanni tyanchya padache shrey tyala dile. sardaranchi rajye jasjashi shaktishali aanee vistarli, tastashi qamee pramukhanchya netrutvakhalil sahayyak sattechi kendre tayar jhaali aanee shaktishali sardar aanee kendrikrut madhyayugeen rajyanmadhil resha aspasht jhaali. gelee shatkachya madhyaparyant, gulam abhijat abhijat abhijat jhaale hote; teey vilasi kapade ghalat asat, ghodyanvar swar hott asat, bajanchi shikar karat asat aanee sainikanchya sevkansah pravas karat asat. heey sardar anekada ekmekanshi yuddh karat asat.
aadivasi aanee pradeshik sanghatana.
ii. sha. 560 purvichya konatyahi slavic hallyanmadhye slavic pramukhanche konatehi sanket naheet, jevha chhadm-sijeriyasachya likhanat tyanchya pramukhancha ullekh aahe parantu slave tyanchya swatachya kayadyanusar aanee konachya rajvatishivay jagat asalyache varnan kele aahe.
sclaveney aanee mungya heey heey kalapasoon lokshahit rahat asalyache sanganyat aale.
6 vya shatkatil itihaskar procopius, joou gulam bhadotri sainikanchya samparkat hota, tyane nondavale qee, "yaa rashtransathi, sclaveney aanee ants, ekach vyaktidvare shasit naheet, parantu pracheen kalapasoon lokshahit jagat aale aahet aanee parinami tyanchya kalyanat samavisht asalelya pratyek goshticha, mug tee changalyasathi asso kinwa white, lokanna sandarbh deela jaato".
mauricechya 6 vya shatkatil rannitikarala gulamancha pratyakshadarshi manale jaate aanee roman senapatinna 'ekach shasakachya khalee' sclevenila ekatra yenyapasoon rokhanyasathi konatyahi sambhavya sadhanancha vapar karanyachi shifaras kelee aanee pudhe mhatale qee, 'sclaveney aanee ants heey donhi swatantra hote, gulam bananyas kinwa shasit honyas purnapane nakar dett hote, kiman tyanchya swatachya deshat.
vasahati eksamanpane vitarit kelya jaat navhatya, parantu vasahatinchi ghanata qamee asalelya kshetranni vibhakt kelelya samoohanmadhye hotya. samooh heey ekach vasahatichya vistaramule jhaale aanee 'vasahati kaksh' heey kautumbik kinwa kula sambandhandware jodalele hote. vasahati peshi haah pradeshik sanghatanechya sarvat sopya swarupacha aadhar hota, jyala dakshin slavicmadhye "zupa" aanee polishmadhye "opol" mhanoon olakhale jaate. prathamik itihas" nusar, polanyche lock pratyekjan tyachya swatachya kulasah tyachya swatachya jaagi rahat hote. vaiyaktik kula pradeshancha samavesh asalelya anek 'zupa' neey dnyat jamati tayar kelyah 'gulamancha vistar aanee tyanantarchya loksankhyashastriy aanee vanshik ektrikaranane suru kelelya guntaguntichya prakriyancha parinam aadivasi gatanchya nirmitimadhye jhaala, jeey nantar rajya tayar karnyasathi ekatra aale jeey aadhunik purv europechya vanshik rachanechi chaukat tayar karate.
anek aadivasi navanche mool teey jyaa pradeshat rahat hote teey darshavate, jase qee milcanny (jeey "mail"-losa asalelya bhagat rahat hote), moravian (moravachya bajoone), diocletians (purvichya roman shahar doclia jawal) aanee severiani (uttarekadil). polance ("polah"; kshetra) aanee dravelians ("dravo"; vruksh) yasarkhya itar navanche adhik samanya arth aahet. itaranmadhye ants aanee krotsarkhe gulam nasalele (bahudha irani) mool asalyache disate. bhaugolikdrushtya kahee durvarchya jamatinna nave samayik jhaleli disatat. dragovity pripyat nadichya uttarela aanee vardar vardar, galicia aanee uttar dalmetiyatil crot aanee lyubekjavalil obodrite aanee tyanchya pudhe dakshines panoniamadhye disatat. slovens, slavks aanee slavonianschya aadhunik navanmadhye 'slave' heey mool kayam thevanyat aale hote. samaan naav asalelya jamatinmadhye sthalantarit sambandh asalyacha farsa purava nahee. samanya nave itihaskaranni jamatinna dileli nave kinwa samanya bhasha mhanoon slav ("slovo"; shabd, akshar) aanee itaranmadhil farak mhanoon samanya nave pratibimbit karoo shakatat, "namesy" (mutes) heey "german" sathiche slavic naav aahe.
sanskruti.
vasahati.
suruvatichya slavic vasahati yapeksha mothya navhatya. vasahati heeydaa tatpuratya asayachya, kadachit tyanchya pravasachya shetiche pratibimb asayachya aanee heeydaa nadyanchya kathavar asayachya. germanmadhye "grubenhosser" kinwa russianmadhye "poluzemlianki" mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya budalelya imarati tyanche vaishishtya hote. aayatakruti khaddyavar bandhalelya tyaa kshetrafalachya drushtine bhinn aahet aanee eka vishisht anoo kutumbala samavoon gheu shakatat. pratyek gharat eka eka dagad kinwa matiche oven hote (purv europeey gharanche eka paribhashit vaishishtya) aanee eka vasahatichi loksankhya pannas teey sattar hotee. vasahatinmadhye eka madhyavarti, khule kshetra hote jyamadhye jaatiy upkram aanee samarambh aayojit kele jaat asat aanee teey utpadan aanee vastee kshetranmadhye vibhagale jaat asat.
hivalyat thandipasoon door thevanyasathi gulamanni lakadanni chhappar asaleli bhoomigat aashraysthanehi bandhali.
ibrahim ibn yakubne nondavalyapramane logg kebin sauna dekhil vaparale geleh
"tyanchyakade snangruh nahee parantu teey logg kebin vapartat jyamadhye tyanchya zadanvar shaivalasarkhe aanee samudri shaivalasarkhe shaivalasarkhe kahitari antarane bharalele asate-teey tyala meek (mool emm. etch. = moss) mhanatat... eka eka teey eka dagadi chula lavtat aanee tyaa varchya bajula teey eka chhidra ughadatat jenekarun chulacha dhoor sutu shakel. jevha stove changla aanee garam asato, tevha teey ughadane bund karatat aanee zopadicha darvaja bund karatat. aat panyache bhande aahet aanee teey tyatoon garam stover paanee otatat aanee tyatoon waf yete. tyanchyapaiki pratyekachya hatat gavat asate, jyamule teey havah pasaravatat aanee tee swatakade odhatat. mug tyanchi chhidre ughadatat aanee tyanchya shariratoon anavashyak padarth baher yetat..."
gelee shatkat, visheshtah paschim slavic pradeshanmadhye, tatbandi asalele balekille (goord) lakshaniy sankhyene disu lagale aanee teey heeydaa vasahatinchya samoohachya madhyabhagi aadhalale. dakshin gulamanni bandist balekille tayar kele naheet, parantu khulya, grameen vasahatinmadhye rahat hote, jyaa tyanna bhedasavalelya sthanik loksankhyechya samajik namunyanvarun swikarlya gelya hotya.
mauricechya rannitimadhye nondavalyapramane, hallah talhanyasathi gulamanni katheen thikani rahane pasant keleh
"teey jawaljawal abhedya jangale, nadya, talav aanee daldalichya pradeshat rahatat aanee tyanna tyanna dhokyanmule tyanchya vasahatinmadhun baher padnyasathi anek dishanni shakha tayar kelya aahet."
ann aanee shetee.
gulamanni shikar, shetee, mendhpal aanee madhmashipalanacha sarav keela. teey anekada pashudhanasathi paanee puravanyasathi samruddha maatee asalelya asalelya talashi, nadyanchya kathavar sthayik jhaale. suruvatichya gulamanna peak ferbadaliche dnyan dekhil hote aanee tyanni eka naveen prakarche nangar vikasit kele jyala moldboard nangar mhanatat, heey nangar uttar europemadhil chikanmatichi purn maatee todanyat khoop karyaksham hote aanee tyamule slavic loksankhya mothya pramanat vadhanyas madat jhaali. urvarit europemadhye samanya asaleli itar sadhane, jase qee lokhandi kude, kubadya, lakadi kudale aanee itarahi vaparali jaat hotee. kahee lakadapasoon banavalele hote. nivadak prajnan dekhil kele gele.
jevha pike pickley tevha tee kudkyanni kapali jaat asat aanee nantar lakadi faline malani kelee jaat asey. tyanantar teey dhanya dagadi khadisakharanni gola kele gele, jeey khoop maulyavan hote aanee milane katheen hote. trunadhanye, gahoo, bajari aanee java hii pike samanya hotee kaaran tee agadi kharab matimadhyehi vadhu shakat hotee. bhajipala baganmadhye pikavala jaat asey, kande, gajar, mulaa, salgam, parsnip, kakadi, bhopala, godi, vatane aanee shengdane heey serve pikavale jaat asat. aushadhi vanaspati mukhytah lasoon aanee parsnip hotya, bear banavanyasathi hops dekhil ghetale jaat asat. cherry, safarchand, nashpati, plum aanee peach yasah falzadanmadhye falzadanchi lagwad kelee jaat asey. akrodadekhil aavadayache.
keval maans, chamade kinwa dudhasathich navhe tarr matila khat denyasathihi pranyanchi kalji ghetali jaat asey. asey anek jaatinche sangopan kele gele aanee mothya kalpanmadhye thewale gele, karpatra prani mhanoon aanee mansasathi, maadee guredhore dudh puravat asat. dukaranna tyanchya mansasathi maulyavan manale jaat asey. asey aanee mendhya adhik durmil hotya parantu tarihi tyanchi sangopan hott asey. ghode phaar kvachitach khalle jaat asat, mukhytah teey karpatra kinwa ghodeswari karnare prani mhanoon vaparale jaat asat. pakshyannahi, visheshtah badake aanee hansanna thewale jaat asey.
jangalat pranyanchi shikar kelee jaat asey, shikaramadhye dukkar, hareen, sase, elk aanee kadhikadhi aswal yancha samavesh hota. beaver aanee marton tyanchya farsathi adakale hote.
"teey varshatil done hangamanmadhye, unhalyat aanee vasant rutumadhye perani karatat aanee done pikanchi kapani karatat. bajari heey tyanche pramukh peak aahe... teey chikan khanyapasun door rahatat, asey thampane sangatat qee yamule erisipelas vadhatat, parantu teey gomans aanee huns khatat, jeey doghehi tyanchyashi sahmat aahet...tyanchi peye aanee madya madhapasoon banavale jaate."
-ibrahim ibn yakub
"tyanchyakade eka prakarchi lakadi petty asate, jyat chhidre asatat, jyamadhye madhmasha rahatat aanee tyancha madh banavtat; tyanchya bhashet tyanna ulishaz mhanatat. teey pratyek petitoon sumare daha barani madh gola karatat. teey mendhyansarkhe dukaranche kalap karatat...teey maans pitat "
-ibn rusta
aushadh.
pracheen gulamanna manvi shareer rachnashastra changle maheet hote, jeey sharirachya avayavansathi asankhya junya navanchya astitvavarun spasht hote. strotanchya abhavamule, tyanna kashacha tras jhaala heey aamhala nishchitpane mahit nahee, parantu teey plaig, maleria aanee atisar hote asey manale jaate. tyanni vaparleli aushadhe mukhytah prani aanee vanaspatijanya hotee. qamee samanyatah, khanije, gandhak aanee meeth aushadhi karanansathi vaparale jaat hote. gulamanni logg kebin sonamadhye swatahla swachchh kele aanee nadyanmadhye snan kele. madhyayugeen kalatil suruvaticha muslim pravasi ibrahim ibn yakub yane lihileh "thandi tivra asali tarihi tee tyanchyasathi aarogyadayi asate, parantu ushnata tyancha naash karate. ushnatemule teey lombardchya deshat pravas karoo shakat naheet."
hastakala.
lakud, chamade, dhatoo aanee kumbharkam yaa serve kamancha sarav suruvatichya gulamanni kushalatene keela hota. kumbharkam heey karagir kinwa mahilandware, bahudha gharguti karyashalanmadhye kele jaat asey. guna sudharanyasathi maatee, valoo, chiralela khadak yasarkhya pravah samgrimadhye misalali jaat asey. maatee hatane banavali jaat asey aanee purn jhalyanantar sadharanpane gulgulit kelee jaat asey, matichi bhandi dekhil matichya bhandyanchya sahayyane banavali jaat asat. teey valalyanantar teey hadanchya bhattimadhye qamee tapmanat bhajale jaat asat. matichi bhandi keval karagirach navhe tarr samanya lokahi tayar karat asat kaaran tyasathi vyapak sarav aavashyak navhata, itar hastakala matra vyavsayik karagiranni tayar kelya hotya.
dhatuche kaam khoop mahatvache hote, kaaran teey sadhane aanee shastre tayar karnyasathi aavashyak hote. pratyek jamatis lohachi garaj hotee aanee too sthanik dhatucha vapar karoon smithsdware tayar keela jaat asey, joou pramukhyane khadee dhatoo hota. ekada dhatuche vaparnyayogya lokhandat rupantar jhaale aanee slagg kadhoon takale gele qee teey barmadhye banavale gele. smiths chakoo, sadhane, sajavatichya vastoo tasech shastre yasarkhi anek prakarchi utpadane tayar karat asat, jee nehmich vegalya shastrastranchya smithsdware tayar kelee jaat nasey. lokhand haah eka maulyavan srot asalyane tutalelya sadhananchi durusti karnyat aalee.
ghare, tasech tyanchya aateel fittings aanee dainandin vastoo lakadapasoon banvilya jaat asat. koreev bhandi, bhandi aanee sunder banavalele dubki bahutek gharanmadhye samanya hote. tagache aanee lokar yaa donhipasoon tayar kelele chamade aanee kapad heey galiche, kambale, aachchadan aanee itar kapadyanmadhye banavale jaat hote. gharat dhaga banavanyasathi spindleworlcha vapar keela jaat asey. kacheche manee tayar kele jaat asat aanee anekada vyapari vastoo mhanoon vaparale jaat asat.
kapade.
suruvatichya slavic kapadyambaddal aaplyala asalele bahutek dnyan pratimashastriy srot aanee smashanbhumitun yete. pradesh, varshacha hangam aanee samajik sthitinusar jaree kapade bhinn asale taree, samanya chitra punha tayar kele jaau shakate.
purushanni tagache kinwa lokariche lamb hatache angarkhe ghatale hote, jeey sumare gudghyaparyant pasarlele hote, yaa pattyankhali paridhan kele jaat hote. kadhikadhi angavastravar lokariche kapade ghatale jaat asat, ujavya khandyala bandhun ujava haat mokala thewala jaat asey. kapadehi adhunmadhun chamadyache banavalele asat aanee devdar kinwa itar samagreene jhakalele asat. hivalyat topya aanee hatmoje ghatale jaat asat, kahinna farane kapale jaat asey. chamadyache boot aanee boot heey purush aanee striya doghehi paridhan karat asat, tasech tikshna karnyasathi chakoo aanee gavat gheuun jaanara patta dekhil paridhan keela jaat asey.
kahee striya tagache tayar kelele lamb aakarache kapade ghalayachya, kadhikadhi poshakhavar epran bandhalele. kapade kinwa angvastra kadhikadhi ekach tukadyapasun banavale jaat asat. avivahit striya tyanche cases venee kinwa sail ghalatat, parantu lagnanantar teey jhakatat. visheshtah shrimant striya manee aanee kanatale aanee valalelya taranchya braceletsarkhe dagine aanee dagine dekhil paridhan karat asat.
vadye.
aitihasik itihasamadhye nondavalyapramane, gulamankade anek vadye hotih
"tyanchyakade vividh prakarche lute, panne pipes aanee eka haat lamb basari aahet. tyanchya veena aath taranchya asatat. teey maans pitat. teey tyanchya mrutanchya jaalpolichya velee tyanchi vadye vajavtat aanee dawa karatat qee tyancha anand mrutanvar prabhuchi dayaa darshavito."
-ibn rusta
"tyanchyakade vividh prakarchi vaara aanee taar vadye aahet. tyanchyakade done hatanpeksha jaast lambiche pawan vadya aanee aath taranche vadya aahe jyacha dhwanifalak sapat aahe, uttal nahee."
-ibrahim ibn yakub
theophilect simokatta yanni veena dharan dharan gulamancha ullekh keela aaheh "veena hii tyanchi samanachi vastoo hotee"
daphan paddhati.
gulamanni tyanche mrut jaalale. jaree gulamanchya antyavidhichya chitekade aatmyala shariratoon vegane, spashtapane aanee sarvajanikaritya mukt karnyache sadhan mhanoon pahile jaat asale, taree puratatviy purave asey soochit karatat qee dakshin gulamanni tyanchya roman-nantarchya balkan balkan daphan paddhati twareet swikarlya.
"teey tyanche mrut jaalun taktat...eka vyaktichya antyasanskaranantarchya divashi, tyala jaalalyanantar, teey rakh gola karatat aanee eka kalshat thevatat, joou dongravar purala jaato. eka varshanantar, teey dongravar vees sheetpitt thevatat, qamee-adhik pramanat. kutumb tithe ekatra jamate aanee khato aanee pito aanee nantar sarvajan gharee jaatat."
-ibn rusta
vivah.
bayka ghene aanee bahirvivah karane yaa jamatinmadhye parampara hotya aanee madhyayugeen yugachya suruvatiparyant tyaa chaloo rahilya. tathapi, bohemiya aanee yukrenmadhye kahee prasangi, mahilanni jodidarachi nivad kelee. vyabhicharamadhye murtipujak gulamanmadhye eka shiksha hotee jyache varnan pravashanni fashichi shiksha mhanoon kele hote, ibn-fadalanah "purush aanee striya nadeet jaatat aanee nagnapane ekatra snan karatat... pann teey vyabhichar karat naheet aanee jarr konee doshi asel tarr, too aanee tee konihi asot... too aanee tee tee gulabi rangale jaatil... mug teey tyaa doghancha pratyek bhag zadavar tangatat, "guardiese" jarr konee vyabhichar keela tarr tyala kinwa teela thaar marle jaeel, konatihi maafee naan swikarta ".
byzantine samrat mauricene lihileh
"tyanchya striya jagatil itar konatyahi mahilanpeksha adhik sanvedanshil asatat. udaharanarth, jevha tyanchya paticha mrutyu hoto, tevha anekjan tyakade tyancha swatacha mrutyu mhanoon pahatat aanee vidhva mhanoon aapale jeevan chaloo thevu naan pahatana muktapane swatahla dumm detat."
kayada.
rashiyacha kayada suruvatichya slavic prathechya kayadyavar aadharit hota, joou anshatah russia-byzantine kararanmadhye nondavala gela hota. tathapi, suruvatichya gulamankade lekhee kayade navhate, parantu kaay swikararh aahe aanee kaay nahee heey heey ritinvar teey avalambun hote. yaroslav daad vijnesachya rajvatiparyant purvekadil gulamankade likhit kayada navhata. ashach prakarcha eka paramparik kayada mhanje aadaratithyacha kayada, joou aadivasi gulamansathi khoop mahattvacha hota. jarr ekhadya jamatine konatyahi pahunyala gairvartan kele tarr tyanchya apmanasathi shejarchya jamatikadun tyanchyavar hallah keela jaeel.
ibn rusta yanni see 903-918 madhye slavic kayadyabaddal lihileh "shasak darvarshi nishchit curr aakarto. pratyek purushane tyachya mulicha eka poshakh puravava. jarr tyala mulga asel tarr tyache kapade arpan kele pahijet. tyala mule naslyas too tyachya patnicha eka poshakh deto. yaa deshat chorancha galaa daboon khoon keela jaato kinwa tyanna jiramadhye (yuraldware) haddapar kele jaate?], haah pradesh yaa sansthepasun sarvat door aahe."
yuddh.
suruvatichya slavic yuddhachi aapali samaj pracheen lekhakanchya likhanavar aanee puratatviy shodh yaa donhivar aadharit aahe.
suruvatichya jangali yoddhyanchya bandchi sankhya, samanyatah 200 kinwa tyapeksha qamee hotee, tee shatruchya pradeshat jalad pravesh karnyasathi aanee titakich jalad maghar ghenyasathi hotee. gulamanni ghandat jungle kinwa daldalimadhye ladhanyas pradhanya dett, hallabol aanee chhapamar davpechanna pasanti dilee. tathapi, khulya, vedha aanee hatmilavanichya ladhatinmadhyehi vijay midavale gele. teey anekada tyanchya shatruchya bajuvar hallah karat asat aanee ranniti aakhanyat chatur asat. procopius aanee seent yanni varnan kelyapramane gulamanni vedha takanare manore aanee shidya yasarkhi vedha ghalanari injine dekhil vaparali. demetrius.
ibn rusta yanni lihileh "tyanchyakade khoop qamee ghode aahet...tyanchi shastre mhanje bhala, dhaal aanee bhale...teey jyala jupan mhanatat tyaa pramukhache palan karatat aanee tyachya aadeshanchi amalbajavani karatat...matra, tyanchya sarvoch prabhula 'pramukhancha pramukh' mhanatat...yaa rajakade anek prabhavi aanee bareek vinalele tapal coat aahet...zupan haah tyacha leftnunt aahe."
shastre sahasa bhale, bhala aanee dhanushya aanee baana asat. talwari aanee sharirache kavach durmil hote aanee pramukhansathi aanee tyanchya yoddhyanchya aateel vartulasathi rakheev hote. dhaal goal aakarachya hotya aanee madhyabhagi madhyavarti boss pakad hotee. hotee aanee gulaldekhil vaparale jaat hote.
jaree gulam bahutek payee ladhale asale, taree aitihasik strotanni namood kelyapramane teey kushal ghodadal ladhvayye dekhil hote. prokopiyasne lihile qee, gulam aanee "huun" ghodeswar heey ghodeswar mhanoon kaam karnare byzantine bhadotri sainik hote. sarmatian aanee hansashi vyavhar kartana, gulam kushal ghodeswar banale asavet, jeey tyanchya vistarasathiche spashtikaran aahe.
menander sanrakshakane eka slavic pramukh dobretcha (sumare 577-579) ullekh keela aahe, jyane gulamanna avarache varchasva swikaranyas sangitalyabaddal khagan bayan 1 chya awar dutala thaar marle; dobretne nakar deela aanee asey mhatale aaheh "itar aapali jameen jinkat naheet, aamhi tyancha jinkato-mhanoon joparyant yuddhe aanee shastre aahet toparyant teey aamchyasathi nehmich raheel".
lekhan.
suruvatichya gulamanmadhye lekhanache astitva haah eka vadgrast vishay aahe. europemadhil itar bahutek aadivasi lokanpramanech gulamanni tyanchya katha aanee aakhyayika tondawate dilya. parantu yavyatirikt, eka runik lipi vaparali gelee.
gelee shatkatil bulgarian lekhak chernorizets hrabarne tyachya 'patrancha eka ahwal' yaa pustakat thodakyat ullekh keela aahe qee, khristi honyapurvi, gulamanni stroke aanee cheere kinwa tally aanee rekhachitre vaparanyachi paddhat vaparali hotih "aadhi, gulamankade tyanchi swatachi pustake navhati, parantu stroke aanee cheere yanchya madhyamatoon mojale aanee vibhajit kele gele, teey murtipujak hote. khristi jhalyanantar tyanna kramanusar [biin-paddhatshirpane] roman aanee greek aksharancha vapar karava lagla, parantu greek aksharanni [slavic] kase changle lihu shakato... aanee asha prakare tee anek varshe chaloo rahili."
chinhe.
gulam aanee baltmadhye sankalpana, shraddha aanee devanche pratinidhitva karnari anek chinhe hotee. tyanchyakade anek prakarche swastik aanee kolovratsarkhi samaan chinhe hotee.(mhanje firnare chaak) kolovrat heey surya aanee jeevan, mrutyu aanee janmachya satat chaloo asalelya chakrache prateek hote. shashvat jivanache pratinidhitva karnyasathi anekada padalelya gulamanchya kabarinjavalachya chinhanvar teey koralele hote.
gromovitit znasi hii perun, slavic meghagarjana aanee aakashadevateshi sambandhit chinhe hotee. suruvatichya slavic gharanmadhye vijepasoon tyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi anekada kiranat koraleli chinhe asat. gromovitycha golakar aakar chenduchya vijeche prateek aahe. ashee chinhe chauthya shatkatil slavic matichya bhandyanvarhi aadhalali. perunashi sambandhit aanakhi eka prateek mhanje perunica, jeey sahaa lahan gulabanche punha tukade karate. aaj kahee slavic bhashanmadhye eka fulache heey naav aahe.
devache haat heey aanakhi eka pracheen prateek hote, jeey dev swarogashi sambandhit hote.
yasarkhi pracheen chinhe ajunahi kadhikadhi kapadyanvar aanee tyasarkhya itar vastunvar, visheshtah rashiyavar dakhavali jaatat. meshcherachya sakhal bhagatil mahilanchya lock veshbhushechya udaharanavar anek namunyanche varnan kele aahe. aadhunik rhodonoversney kahee naveen chinhe vikasit kelee aahet, jee suruvatichya gulamanni vaparali navhati, parantu anek hotee.
dharm.
bulgaria aanee keevan rusachya khristikaranachya aadhi slavic dharmabaddal phaar qamee mahitee aahe. khristikaranantar, gulam gulam junya dharmachya anek nondi nasht kelya. kahee purave apramanik aanee bhakti grunth, slavic dharmik sandnyanchi vyutpatti aanee "prathamik itihas" madhye shillak aahet.
purvajanchi upasana haah purv khristi slavic dharmacha eka mahattvacha bhag hota.
suruvaticha slavic dharm tulanene eksaman hotah jivavadi, manavvanshashastriy aanee nisargane prerit. gulamanni aatalya aatmyabaddal (kinwa rakshas) aadar darshavat, zare, zaade kinwa dagad yasarkhya naisargik vastumbhovati panth vikasit kele. slavic purv-khrishchan dharm haah moolatah bahudevvadi hota, jyamadhye konatahi sanghatit devdev navhata. jaree suruvatichya gulamanmadhye devachi sankalpana kamkuvat asalyache disat asale, taree hii sankalpana ekeshvarvadachya rupat vikasit jhaali jyamadhye "swargatil sarvoch dev [rajya] itaranvar". nasheeb kinwa purvaniyojanavar vishvas asalyacha konatahi purava nahee.
slavic murtipujakvad samanvayavadi hota aanee itar dharmanshi ektrit aanee samayik hota. bhashik purave asey soochit karatat qee jevha balt aanee slav samaan bhasha samayik karatat tevha slavic murtipujacha kahee bhag vikasit jhaala kaaran purv-khrishchan slavic vishvasanmadhye baltic dharmanmadhye dekhil aadhalanare ghatak asatat. slavic aanee baltic bhasha vibhakt jhalyanantar, suruvatichya slavanni irani lokanshi sanvad sadhala aanee irani adhyatmache ghatak samavisht kele. itar european dharmanchya sarvoch meghagarjanechya devanchya ulat, prarambhik irani aanee slavic sarvoch devatanna sampatti denare manale jaat asey. gulam aanee irani doghannahi bhute hotee, jyanchi nave samaan bhashik mulanpasoon (irani 'deva' aanee slavic 'divo') aanee dwaitvadachi sankalpana hotih changle aanee white.
purv-khristi slavic aatme aanee rakshas heey tyanchya swatachya adhikarat ghatak kinwa mrutanche aatme asoo shakatat aanee teey ghar kinwa nisargashi sambandhit hote. vann aatma, tyanchya swatachya adhikarat asalelya vastoo, gharguti aatmyanche pratirup mhanoon poojalya jaat asat, jeey sahasa purvajanshi sambandhit asat. rakshas aanee aatme changle kinwa white hote, jeey soochit karate qee gulamanmadhye dwaitvadi vishvashastra hote aanee tyanni tyancha tyag aanee bhetvastu deuun aadar keela asey olakhale jaate. aatmyanmadhye jangalatil lashicha aatma, gharacha domovoy aatma, rusalka mhanje panyacha stree aatma, phoenixcha slavic prakar rarog aanee vilas, vampires aanee baba yaga kinwa rogasarkhya itar pranyancha samavesh hota.
jaree khristi-purv slavic upasaneche purave durmil asale (teey anikonik hote asey soochit karate), taree ukraine aanee polandmadhye dharmik sthale aanee moorti sarvadhik pramanat aahet. visheshtah keevan rasmadhye, bahereel prathanasthale adhik samanya asalyane, slavic mandire aanee antargrehi prathanasthale durmil aahet. bahereel dharmik sthale anekada dongaranvar asat aanee tyat vartulakar khadde samavisht asat. antargehi mandire astitvat hotih "prarambhik russian srot... murtipujak mandire kinwa vedi jyanna "kapisha" mhanoon olakhale jaate, tyaa lahan, aat eka vedi asalelya bandist rachana hotya. eka kivmadhye aadhalala, jyabhovati balee dilelya pranyanchya hadancha samavesh hota. khristikaranachya kalat murtipujak mandire nasht jhaali asalyache nondavale gele.
murtipujak mandiranpramanech purv-khrishchan slavic slavic nondi nantar disu lagalya. jaree gulampurv khrishchan khrishchan konatahi prarambhik purava sapadala nasla taree, khrishchanikaranantar jadugar aanee jadugarancha prasar asey soochit karato qee purv-khrishchan gulamanmadhye dharmik nete hote. slavic murtipujak pujari devanshi sanvad sadhatat, bhavishyacha andaj lavtat aanee dharmik vidhinchi tayari karatat asey manale jaat hote. murtipujak pujari kinwa jadugaranni (russian lokandware 'volkhvi' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) khristikaranantar khrishchan dharmala virodh keela. prathamik itihas" madhye 1071 madhye dushkaladarmyan khrishchananviruddhchya mohimeche varnan kele aahe. khristikaranantar sumare 100 varshanni 'volkhvi' lokanna changla pratisad midala, jyamule asey soochit jhaale qee 1071 madhye aanee purv-khrishchan kalat murtipujak murtipujak eka pratishthit sthan hote.
nantarcha itihas.
khristikaran.
khristikaran khristikaran shatkat suru jhaale aanee aanee shatkachya uttaradhaparyant purn jhaale nahee. nantar, constantinopalachya samrajyane (byzantium) slav (byzantine reconquista) dware vyapalelya balkanchya kahee bhaganvar punha kabja keela, tarr slavchya loksankhyecha kahee bhag hellenize karnyat aala, jyat purvekadil orthodox khrishchan dharmat dharmantar karane samavisht hote, udaharanarth nicephorus I (802-811) chya karkirdit. tathapi, sarvat mahattvache dharmpracharak karya navvya shatkachya madhyat hote. byzantine samrajya aanee east frankschya rajyashi rajkiy yutee badaltana aanee popashi sanvad sadhatana, 864 madhye, pahilya nyaz borisachya karkirdit bulgariache khrishchankaran adhikrut karnyat aale.
bulgarian samrajyachya dhoranatmak sthitimule, greek purv aanee lattin pashchimanna tyanchya lokanni tyanchya dharmik vidhinche palan karave aanee tyanchyashi rajkiyadrushtya yutee karavi ashee ichcha hotee. donhi bajunni kelelya prastavannantar, borisne constantinopulshy yutee kelee aanee 870 madhye swayambhu bulgarian rashtriy church surakshit kele, jeey gulamansathi pahile hote. 918/919 madhye, constantinople, alekzandriya, antiok aanee jerusalemchya pitrusattakanantar bulgarian pitrusattak pachve swayamprerit purv orthodox pitrusattak banale. 927 madhye constantinopalachya pitrusattakane yaa sthitila adhikrut manyata dilee. bulgarian samrajya slavic europeche sanskrutik aanee sahityik kendra mhanoon vikasit jhaale. 893 madhye balgeriyamadhye adhikrut ghoshit jhalelya preslav sahityik shalet cyrillic lipicha vikas, junya church slavonicmadhye adhikrut prathna mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aala, jyala junya bulgarian asehi mhanatat.
jaree purvekadil gulamanchya suruvatichya khristikaranache kahee purave asale taree, 980 chya dashakat vladimir daad gretchya baptismyapurvi keevan rus ektar mothya pramanat murtipujak rahila kinwa punha murtipujak jhaala. polandachya khristikaranachi suruvat 966 madhye raja misco pahila yachya catholic baptismyapasun jhaali. pomeraniamadhye 12 vya shatkat slavic murtipujakvad tikala, joou 1121 madhye pavitra roman samrajyacha bhag mhanoon pomereniyachya dachichya nirmitinantar khrishchankaranas suruvat jhaali. hii prakriya mukhytah 1147 madhye vendish dharmayuddhadvare purn jhaali. slavic murtipujakvadacha antim balekilla ranee hota, jyat cape aarkonavar tyanchya dev swetowidche mandir hote, jeey 1168 madhye denmarkchya waldemar pahila yane kelelya mohimemadhye ghenyat aale hote.
madhyayugeen rajye.
khristikaranantar, gulamanni anek rajye kinwa saranjami sansthananchi sthapana kelee, jee sampoorn uchch madhyayugat tikoon rahili. pahile bulgarian samrajya 681 madhye sattadhari bulger aanee khalchya moesiyamadhil asankhya gulam yanchyatil yutee mhanoon sthapan jhaale. slavic aakramananantar thodyach velat, sayathia minerver punha ekada aakraman karnyat aale, yaveli khaan asparukhchya netrutvakhali balgaranni. tyancha jamav kaala samudrachya uttarela, joou aata ukraine aahe, tyaa junya mothya bulgaria yaa namshesh jhalelya aadivasi mahasanghacha avashesh hota. asparukhane purv moesiyatil byzantine pradeshanvar hallah keela aanee 680 madhye tyachya slavic jamatinvar vijay midavala. byzantine samrajyashi 681 madhye shantata kararavar kararavar karnyat aalya aanee pahilya bulgarian samrajyacha paya rachala. alpasankhyak balgaranni jawalun jodaleli sattadhari jaat nirman kelee.
dakshin slavanni slavanni shatkachya suruvatila croatiache duchy (925 pasoon croatiache rajya) aanee loar panonia alpakalin duchy dekhil sthapan kele. sadharanpane tyach kalat sarbiyache sansthan (nantarche bhavya sansthan aanee sarbiyache rajya), tarr 10 vya shatkapasoon zupas navachya thikananche vilinikaran karoon bosniyache rajya udayas aale, jeey suruvatichya khrishchan dharmachya charchchya vibhaganche avashesh hote. tyachpramane dakshinet dukla, zaklumiya, murtipujak, travunia aanee kanali udayas yeu lagale. paschim slav samochya samrajyat vibhagale gele, jeey pashchimet tayar jhalele pahile slavic rajya hote, tyanantar gret moravia aanee tyachya patananantar, polandache rajya, obotritic federation (aata purv germany), naitrache sansthan (aadhunik slovakia), hangeriche samrajya aanee bohemiyache duchy (aata check prajasattak).
1054 madhye yaroslav daad vaijchya mrutyunantar aanee keevan raschya vighatananantar, purvekadil gulam anek rajyanmadhye vibhagale gele, jyatoon 1300 nantar maskovi sarvat shaktishali mhanoon udayas aala. purvichya keevan rusachya pashchimatya sansthananna lithuania grand duchyne aatmasat kele hote.

