
brunei

brunei (βρονει, βρονει), aupcharikpane brunei darussalam (βρονει βροσλα) haah aagney aashiyatil bornio betachya uttar kinanyavar sthit eka desh aahe. tyachya dakshin chean sagari kinadhyavyatirikt, too purnapane malaysian rajya saravakne vedhalela aahe. limbangchya saravak jilhyane tyache done bhag kele aahet. brunei heey purnapane borneover asalele ekmev sarvbhoum rajya aahe; urvarit bett maleshiya aanee indoneshiyamadhye vibhagale gele aahe. tyachi loksankhya 460,345 hotee, jyapaiki sumare 100,000 rajdhani aanee sarvat mothe shahar bandar seree begavan yethe rahatat. sarkar heey tyachya sultanane shasit kelele eka sampoorn rajeshahi aahe, jyala yang dii-pertuan mhanatat aanee ingraji samanya kayada aanee shariya tasech samanya islami paddhatinche sanyojan lagoo karate.
bruneyan samrajyachya shikharavar asatana, sultan bolkia (rajya 1485-1528) yache aadhunik saravak aanee sabah, tasech borneochya ishanya tokavaril sulu dweepsamuh aanee borneochya vayavya tokavaril betansah borneochya bahutek pradeshanvar niyantran asalyacha dawa keela jaato. dawa asehi sangato qee seludongvar (kinwa mayaneela rajya, jithe aata aadhunik phillipineschi rajdhani manila aahe) tyanche niyantran hote, parantu aagney ashiyai vidvananche asey mutt aahe qee heey indoneshiyatil selurong parvatachya vasahaticha sandarbh dete. 1521 madhye spainchya magellan mohimene bruneichya sagari rajyala bhet dilee aanee 1578 chya castillion yuddhat spenviruddha ladhale.
19vya shatkat brunei samrajyacha hasad houu lagla. saltanatine sarvak (cooching) james brookla deela aanee tyala pandhara raja mhanoon sthapit kele aanee tyane sabah british north bornio chartered companyla deela. 1888 madhye brunei heey british sanrakshit rajya banale aanee 1906 madhye tyanna vasahatvadi vyavasthapak mhanoon british rahivasi niyukt karnyat aale. dusya mahayuddhadarmyan japani tabyat aalyanantar 1959 madhye eka naveen sanvidhan lihile gele. 1962 madhye, britishanchya madatine rajeshahiviruddha eka lahan sashastr bund sampale.
1967 pasoon bruneiche sultan hasnal bolkia yanchya netrutvakhali brunei aahe aanee 1 janewari 1984 roji british sanrakshit rajya mhanoon tyala swatantrya midale hote. desh eka nirankush sampoorn rajeshahi aahe. 1990 aanee 2000 chya dashkatil aarthik vikasane, 1999 teey 2008 yaa kalat jee. dii. pii. madhye 56 takke vaadh jhalyane, bruneiche audhyogikaran jhalelya deshat rupantar jhaale. tyane vyapak petroleum aanee naisargik vayoo kshetranmadhun sampatti vikasit kelee aahe. aagney ashiyai rashtranmadhye singapurnantar bruneicha manav vikas nirdeshank dusya kramankavar aahe. aantarrashtriy vittiy nidhinusar (aay. emm. eff.), krayshaktichya samanatechya babatit dardoi sakal deshantargat utpadanachya babatit brunei jagaat pachvya kramankavar aahe. 2011 madhye aay. emm. eff. neey andaj vartavala hota qee brunei haah done deshanpaiki eka hota (dusra libia) jyache sarvajanik karj rashtriy jee. dii. pii. chya 0 takke hote.
vyutpatti.
sthanik itihaslekhananusar, bruneichi sthapana awang alak betatar yane kelee hotee, joou nantar sultan muhammad shaah jhaala, jyane ii. sha. 1400 chya sumaras rajya kele. too bruneicha shodh gheuun temburong jilhyatil garang yethoon brunei nadichya nadimukhakade gela. aakhyayikenusar, utaralyavar tyane aardaorda keela, "baru naah" (shithilpane anuvadit kelele "teey aevadhech!")"kinwa" "tithe" "), jyatoon" "brunei" "heey naav aale hote". too bruneicha pahila muslim shasak hota. muslim bolakia rajvanshachya antargat brunei samrajyachya udayapurvi, brunei bauddha shasakanchya adhipatyakhali hota asey manale jaate.
14 vya shatkat tyache naav badaloon 'barunai' asey karnyat aale, bahudha sanskrut shabd '()', jyacha arth 'navik' assa aahe, tyacha prabhav padala. bornio' haah shabd tyach moolcha aahe. deshachya purn navat ',' () mhanje 'shantateche nivassthan' tarr malaymadhye 'desh' assa arth hoto. brunei darussalam' yaa malay adhikrut navachi eka sankshipt aavrutti, visheshtah adhikrut sandarbhat, samanya vaparat aalee aahe aanee bhaugolik navanchya bhaugolik detabasemadhil tadnyanchya sanyukt rashtranchya gatamadhye, tasech adhikrut ashiyai aanee rashtrakul soochimadhye upasthit aahe.
bruneibaddal pashchimekadun nondavalele sarvat june dastaivajikaran ludovico dii varthema mhanoon olakhalya jaananya eka italian vyaktine kele aahe. 1550 salchya tyachya dastaivajavar;
itihas.
prarambhik itihas.
vijaypura mhanoon olakhali jaanari vasahat heey bauddha srivijay samrajyache eka samanti rajya hote aanee 7 vya shatkat bharbharatila aalelya borneochya vayvyes sthit asalyache manale jaat hote. bruneicha sandarbh denara haah paryayi srivijay arabi strotanmadhye "sribuza" mhanoon olakhala jaat asey. arabi lekhak all yakubine 800 madhye lihilelya likhanat nondavale aahe qee musache rajya (muja, jeey june brunei aahe) mayad samrajyashi (ektar phillipinesmadhil maa-eae kinwa majja-aiz) yutimadhye hote, jyaa chiinii samrajyachya virodhat tyanni yuddh pukarle hote. srivijayavar bharatiy cholanchya aakramananantar, datu putine sumatra aanee bornio yetheel kahee bandkhor datunche netrutva kele, jeey sthanik raja kinwa seree maharajanche vanshaj mhanoon niyukt jhalele raja makatunao yanchyaviruddha bandkhori karat hote (chiinii nondinmadhye). bandkhor aanee tyanchya sahakanyanni philipinesmadhil visaya (shrivijayachya navavarun naav dilele bett dweepsamuh) madheel majja-aiz navachya naveen deshat shrivijayache punarujjivan karnyacha prayatna keela. augustinian fryer revchya matey, 10 datunnantar panay aanee dakshin luzonmadhye anek shahare sthapan jhaali. eff. aar. spanish yugatil yaa purv-spanish pauranik itihasatil santaren recording, qee datu makatunao kinwa raja makatunao joou "morosacha sultan" hota aanee datu puticha natevaik jyane daha datunchi malmatta aanee sampatti japt kelee hotee, akheris tyanchya sasarchya paiburongkadun yaa anyayachi mahitee midalyanantar, labaodungan aanee pebare navachya yoddhyanni thaar marle, borneomadhil oddojanla ravana jhaale jethe makatunav rajya karat hota. yoddhyanni shahar lutale, makatunav aanee tyachya kutumbala thaar marle, 10 datunchi choraleli malmatta parat midavali, oddojanchya urvarit loksankhyela gulam kele aanee panayala parat gele. labav donggan aanee tyachi patni ojayatanayan nantar moroboro navachya thikani sthayik jhaale. borniomadhil swatantra rajyachya sarvat junya chiinii nondinpaiki eka mhanje bonichya shaskane chiinii samratala lihilele 977 ii. sha. chey patra, jyacha sandarbh bornio assa aahe asey kahee vidwan manatat. jawani-sumatran yuddh suru jhalyamule brunei lokanni shrivijayapasun tyanche swatantrya parat midavale. 1225 madhye, chiinii adhikari zao rukuo yanni sangitale qee bonikade tyachya vyaparache rakshan karnyasathi 100 yuddhanauka hotya aanee rajyat mothee sampatti hotee. marco polone aaplya aatmacharitranmadhye suchavale qee mahan khaan kinwa mangol samrajyacha shasak, yane bruneyan niyantrit borneoche european naav asalelya 'gret jaava' varr aakraman karnyacha anek vela prayatna keela aanee too ayashasvi jhaala. 1300 chya dashakat chiinii itihas, "nanhai zee" neey nondavale qee bruneine saravak aanee sabahvar tasech butuan, sulu, maa-eae (mindoro), malilu, (sadhyachi manila), shahuchong, (sadhyache seocon kinwa zamboanga), yachen, otton (madja-aus kedatuancha bhag) aanee ̃ ̃ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
14 vya shatkat, 1365 madhye prapanka yanni lihilelya jawani hastalikhit 'nagarkretgama' madhye hindu majapahitche ghatak rajya mhanoon 'barune' chaa ullekh karnyat aala hota, jyala varshik 40 kaatee kapoorchi khandani dyavi lagat hotee. 1369 madhye, purvi majapahitcha bhag asalelya sulune yashasvipane bund kele aanee nantar bonivar hallah keela aanee borneochya ishanya kinanyavar aakraman kele aanee nantar tyachya khajinyachi rajdhani aanee done pavitra motee kadhoon taknyasah sonyachi luut kelee. majapahitchya tafyala suloonna door nenyat yash aale, parantu hallyanantar boney kamkuvat jhaala. 1371 salchya chiinii ahavalat boney garib aanee majapahitdware purnapane niyantrit asalyache varnan kele aahe.
15vya shatkat bonine majapahitpasun vegale houn nantar islammadhye dharmantar kele hote. asha prakare bruneichya swatantra saltanatit rupantar jhaale. jevha tine makkacha arab amir sharif alila ticha tisra sultan bananyachi parvanagi dilee tevha brunei heey eka hashemite rajya banale. vidvanancha assa dawa aahe qee bruneichya saltanatichi satta 15vya aanee 17vya shatkanchya darmyan tyachya shikharavar hotee, tyachi shakti uttar borneopasun dakshin phillipinesparyant (sulu) aanee agadi uttar phillipinesmadhyehi (manila) vistarli hotee, jee bruneine shahee vivahandvare purn kelelya pradeshik adhigrahanadvare samavisht kelee hotee. rajkiy karananmule, mayanilachya aitihasik shasakanni bruneichya saltanatichya sattadhari gharanshi aantarvivahadvare jawalche sambandh rakhale, parantu mayanilavaril bruneicha rajkiy prabhav lashkari kinwa rajkiy rajvatiparyant vistarla asalyache manale jaat nahee. bruneisarkhya mothya thalasocratic rajyansathi (sagari rajye) tyancha prabhav vadhavanyasathi aanee mayaneela sarkhya sthanik rajyakartyansathi, kulinavargavaril tyanche kautumbik dave balkat karnyasathi aantarvivah hii eka samaan ranniti hotee. sultan bolkia yanni bruneichi satta tyachya sarvat mothya maryadeparyant vistarli hotee, jevha tyanni manila aanee sulu jinkanyacha prayatna keela, parantu visaya bete jinkanyat teey apayashi tharale, jaree sultan bolkia swatah visaya matekadun utaralelya ardhe-visaya hote aanee tyanna sultan ragam "gayak kaptan" mhanoon olakhale jaat hote, tyancha shaktishali sangeet aavaj haah eka vaishishtya hota joou tyanna tyanchya visaya vanshatoon varshane midala hota, kaaran visaya yanna sanskratikdrushtya gayanache waid hote, sarvottam visaya gayak dekhil anekada tyanchya yoddha jaatiche sadasya asatat. tathapi, borneomadhye islami bruneichi satta binvirodh navhati kaaran dakshinet kutai navachya bharatiyanni sthapan kelelya rajyat tyacha hindu pratispardhi hota, jyavar tyanni maat kelee parantu tyacha naash keela nahee. phillipinesmadhil bruneichya varchaswala done bharatiy rajyanni dekhil aavhan dile hote, sebu aanee butuanchya rajahananni, jeey yogayogane kutaishi yutee kelee hotee aanee bruneichya avalambitanshi dekhil yuddhat hote; sulu aanee manila tasech tyanche paraspar sahyogi, maguindanaoche saltanat. majja-aus aanee dapitanche kedatuan dekhil bruneiviruddha aakramak hote kaaran teey maguindanao aanee oshaniyachya aaspaschya papua bhashik rajya, jeey masalyanchya utpadanavar maktedari karoon samruddha jhaale hote, tyaa ternet yethoon aayojit kelelya satatchya muslim hallyanche lakshya hote. tarisuddha, 16vya shatkaparyant, islamche mool bruneimadhye ghattapane rujalele hote aanee deshane aaplya sarvat mothya mashidinpaiki eka bandhali hotee. 1578 madhye, spanish pravasi alonso beltran yane tyache varnan paach majali unch aanee panyavar bandhalele asey kele.
spenshee yuddh qaraa aanee tyacha hasad qaraa.
 portugijanni malakka tabyat ghetala aanee tyamule tethil shrimant aanee shaktishali parantu visthapit muslim nirvasitanna aacheh aanee bruneisarkhya jawalchya saltanatinmadhye sthalantarit karnyas bhag padale tevha aagney ashiyamadhye bruneila kahee kalasathi mahatva midale. tyanantar bruneichya sultanane philipinesmadhil hindu tondo aanee muslim manila yanchyatil pradeshik sangharshat hastakshep keela aanee manilachya bruneian vanshaj raja aache yanna tondoviruddhachya shatrutvat bruneian naudalache naudalpramukh mhanoon aanee philipinesmadhil bruneian hitsambandhanchi amalbajavani karnara mhanoon niyukt kele. tyanantar tyala magellan mohimecha samna karava lagla, jyat antonio pigafettane namood kele qee tyache aajoba bruneiche sultan yanchya aadeshanusar, junya dharmashi vishvasoo asalyabaddal aanee saltanatichya adhikaraviruddha bund kelyabaddal, akhe yanni nairutya borneomadhil lui yaa bauddha shaharala yapurvi barkhast kele hote. tathapi, european prabhavamule haloohaloo bruneichya pradeshik shakticha ant jhaala, kaaran bruneine rajgharanyatil uttaradhikaravaril antargat sangharshamule aanakhi ghat jhalelya kalat pravesh keela. european khrishchan shaktinchya yaa aakramanancha samna kartana, ottoman khalifane aachehala eka sanrakshit rajya banavoon aanee sthanik mujahideenanna balkat karnyasathi, prashikshit karnyasathi aanee susajj karnyasathi mohima pathavun sankatgrast aagney ashiyai saltanatinna madat kelee. manila oidor melcore davalos yanchya takrarinvarun purava midato qee turk niyamitpane bruneila sthalantar karat hote, jyanni tyanchya 1585 chya ahavalat mhatale aahe qee lepantochya ladhaitil parabhoot diggajansah turk darvarshi sumatra, bornio aanee turnet yethe yet hote. habsberg spenviruddha bruneila madat karananya turkanchi upasthiti, tyanantarchya castill yuddhala ottoman-habsberg yuddhancha eka bhag banavate.
1578 madhye spenne yuddh jaheer kele aanee tyaa velee bruneichi rajdhani kota batuvar hallah karoon tee tabyat ghenyachi yojana aakhali. heey kahee pramanat done bruneian kuleen, pengiran seree leela aanee pengiran seree ratna yanchya madativar aadharit hote. pahilya vyaktine manilala pravas keela hota, jeey tevha spanish vasahatichya kendrasthani hote. manila swatach bruneihoon tabyat ghenyat aalee, khristikaran karnyat aale aanee mexico shaharat kendrit asalelya nyu spainchya viceroilitycha pradesh banavanyat aala. pengiran seree leela haah tyacha bhau saiful rijal yane balkavalele simhasana parat midvanyasathi bruneila spainchi upanadi mhanoon deu karnyasathi aala. spanish lokanni sahmati darshavali qee jarr teey brunei jinkanyat yashasvi jhaale tarr pengiran seree leela yanchi sultan mhanoon niyukti kelee jaeel, tarr pengiran seree ratna heey naveen bendhara asateel.
march 1578 madhye, eka naveen spanish tafa mexicohoon aala hota aanee philipinesmadhye sthayik jhaala hota, tyanche netrutva dii sandey karat hote, capitan-general mhanoon kaam karat, tyane manilahoon bruneisathi moheem aayojit kelee. yaa mohimemadhye 400 spaniard aanee mexican, 1,500 philipino moolche aanee 300 bornan hote. hii moheem anekanpaiki eka hotee, jyat mindanao aanee sulumadhil krutichahi samavesh hota. khristi bajuchi vanshik rachana vaividhyapurn hotee kaaran tee samanyatah mestizo, mulato aanee amerindian (eztech, mayan aanee incan) yanni banaleli hotee jyanna mexicohoon gola karoon pathavale gele hote aanee tyanche netrutva spanish adhikari karat hote jyanni sampoorn aagney aashiyatil lashkari mohimanmadhye sthanik philipinos ekatra kaam kele hote. muslim pakshahi jaree titkach vanshikdrushtya vaividhyapurn hota. sthanik malay yoddhyanvyatirikt, ottoman lokanni varanvar jawalchya aache yethe lashkari mohima pathavalya hotya. yaa mohimanmadhye pramukhyane turk, egyptian, swahili, somali, sindhi, gujarati aanee malbar yancha samavesh hota. heey moheem sainya bruneisarkhya itar jawalchya saltanatinmadhyehi pasarale hote aanee tyanni banavati tof kashee tayar karayachi yabaddal naveen ladhau davpech aanee tantre shikavali hotee.
akheris, 16 april 1578 roji spanish lokanni pengiran seree leela aanee pengiran seree ratna yanchya madatine rajdhanivar aakraman kele, shahare jaalali aanee loksankhyevar balatkar keela. sultan saiful rijal aanee paduka seree begawan sultan abdul kahar yanna meragangla paloon jaanyas aanee nantar jerudongla paloon jaanyas bhag padale gele. jerudongmadhye, tyanni vijayi sainyacha bruneipasoon door pathlag karanyachi yojana aakhali. pataki kinwa atisaramule mothya pramanat mrutyu jhalelya spanish lokanni brunei sodanyacha nirnay ghetala aanee 72 divasannantar 26 juuna 1578 roji manilala paratale. asey karnyapurvi tyanni paach stariy chhappar asaleli unch rachana asaleli masheed jaalali.
pengiran seree leela yanche august kinwa september 1578 madhye nidhan jhaale, bahudha tyanchya spanish mitranna jhalelya tyach aajarane. kayadeshir sultanala sattadhari sultanane vish dile asave assa sanshay hota. seree lilachi mulgi, eka bruneyan rajkumari, "putri", spanishberober nighun gelee hotee, tine mukutavaril aapala dawa sodoon deela aanee nantar tine augustein dii legazpi dii tondo navachya khrishchan tagologshee lagn kele. augustein dii legaspie aanee tyache kutumb aanee sahkari lavkarach maharalikanchya katat adakale, philipinone brunei saltanat aanee japani shogunetashi jodale jaanyacha prayatna karoon spaniardna philipinesmadhun hakaloon dile. tathapi, spanish sainyane cutt dadpalyanantar, bruneyan vanshachya vasahatipoorv manilachya kuleen vargala meksikochya gerero yethe haddapar karnyat aale, jeey parinami nantar spenviruddhachya mexican swatantryaladhyache kendra banale.
castillion yuddhachya sthanik brunei vruttant heey ghatananchya sarvasadharanpane swikarlelya drushtikonapeksha khoop vegale aahet. jyala castillion yuddh mhatale jaat hote, tyachyakade eka veer prasang mhanoon pahile jaat hote, jyat sattadhari sulatanacha kathit bhau bendahara sakam aanee eka hazar sthanik yoddhyanni spaniardsla baher kadhale hote. bahutek itihaskar yala lock-nayak vruttant manatat, jeey kadachit anek dashake kinwa shatkannantar vikasit jhaale.
akheris brunei arajaktet budale. 1660 teey 1673 yaa kalat deshala gruhyuddhala samore jaave lagale.
britishancha hastakshep.
bruneichya karbharat ingrajanni anek vela hastakshep keela aahe. yogya sultan kona aahe yaa antargat sangharshamule julai 1846 madhye brittonne bruneiver hallah keela.
1880 chya dashakat bruneyan samrajyacha hasad suruch rahila. sultanane james brookla jameen (aata saravak) dilee, jyane tyala bund shant karnyas madat kelee hotee aanee tyala saravakche raaj sthapan karanyachi parvanagi dilee hotee. kalantarane, brook aanee tyachya putanyanni (jeey tyache uttaradhikari jhaale) adhik jameen bhadepattivar dilee kinwa tyavar kabja keela. bruneine aapala barachsa pradesh tyachya aanee tyachya rajgharanyakade gamavala, jyala pandhare raja mhanoon olakhale jaate.
sultan hashim jalilul aalam akmaddinne britishanna zyanche aanakhi atikraman thambavanyache aavahan kele. surr hugg loow yanni 'sanrakshn karar' varr vataghati kelya aanee 17 september 1888 roji tyavar swakshya jhalya. kararat asey mhatale gele qee sultan 'british sammatishivay konatahi pradesh paradeshi shaktinna deu shakat nahee kinwa bhadepattivar deu shakat nahee'; tyane bruneichya pararashtra vyavharanvar brittonche prabhavi niyantran pradan kele, jyamule teey british sanrakshit rajya banale (jeey 1984 paryant chaloo hote). parantu, 1890 madhye jevha saravakchya rajane bruneicha pandruan jilha tabyat ghetala, tevha ingrajanni too rokhanyasathi konatihi karvai kelee nahee. tyanni brunei kinwa saravak rajala 'paradeshi' (sanrakshn kararanusar) manale nahee. saravakne kelelya yaa antim vilinikaranamule bruneila tyachya sadhyachya chhotya bhoobhagasah aanee done bhaganmadhye vegale kele.
1906 madhye bruneimadhye british rahivashanna purak sanrakshn kararantargat aanale gele. rahivashanni prashasanachya serve babinvar sultanala sallah dyayacha hota. kalantarane, rahivashane sultanapeksha adhik karyakari niyantran sweekarle. 1959 madhye nivasi vyavastha sampushtat aalee.
telacha shodh.
anek ayashasvi prayatnannantar 1929 madhye petroleumcha shodh lagla. done purush, eff. eff. marriott aanee tii. jee. 1926 chya uttaradhat, kokrenane, seriya nadijaval telacha vaas ghetala. tyanni eka bhubhautikshastradnyala mahitee dilee, jyane tithe sarvekshan kele. 1927 madhye yaa bhagat vayoo galatee jhalyachi nond jhaali. 12 julai 1928 roji seriya vihir kramank eka (ess-1) khodanyat aalee. 5 april 1929 roji teel dagnyat aale. 19 august 1929 roji seriya vihir kramank 2 khodanyat aale aanee telache utpadan suruch aahe. 1930 chya dashakat adhik teel kshetranchya vikasamule telachya utpadanat lakshaniy vaadh jhaali. 1940 madhye telache utpadan 60 laakh barrelpeksha jaast hote. british malay petroleum companychi (aata brunei shale petroleum company) sthapana 22 julai 1922 roji jhaali. 1957 madhye pahili samudrakinari vihir khodanyat aalee. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun teel aanee naisargik vayoo haah bruneichya vikasacha aanee sampatticha aadhar aahe.
japani vyavasay.
motee bandar aanee amerikechya naudalavar hallah kelyanantar aath divasanni, 16 december 1941 roji japani lokanni bruneiver aakraman kele. tyanni kavaguchi tukadichya 10,000 sainikanna kuwala belait yetheel cam ranh khaditoon utaravale. sahaa divasanchya ladhainantar tyanni sampoorn desh vyapala. cooching, sarvak yethe sthit 15 vya panjab regimentchi dusari batalian hii yaa bhagatil ekmev sahyogi seena hotee.
ekada japani lokanni bruneiver kabja keela qee tyanni sultan ahmed tajuddinashi deshavar rajya karnyababat karar keela. inche ibrahim (nantar pehin datu pardana menterry dato laila utama awang haji ibrahim mhanoon olakhale gele), british rahivasi, ernest eder pengili yanche majee sachiv, yanchi japani governorchya netrutvakhali mukhya prashasakeey adhikari mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. japani lokanni pengiline tyanchya prashasanakhali aapale padd kayam thevanyacha prastav thewala hota, parantu tyanni nakar deela. too aanee ajunahi bruneimadhye asalele itar british nagrik yaa doghannahi japani lokanni saravakmadhil batoo lintang chhavanit najarkaidet thewale hote. british adhikari japani rakshet asatana, ibrahimne vaiyaktikaritya pratyekacha haat halavoon tyala shubhechha dilya.
sultanane aapale simhasana kayam thewale aanee tyala japani lokanni nivruttivetan aanee sanman deela. vyaparachya nantarchya kalat, too tantuya, limbang yethe rahat hota aanee tyacha japani lokanshi farsa sambandh navhata. bahutek malay sarkari adhikanyanna japani lokanni kayam thewale hote. bruneichya prashasanachi paach prantanmadhye punarrachana karnyat aalee, jyat british uttar borneocha samavesh hota. prantanmadhye baram, labuan, lavas aanee limbang yancha samavesh hota. ibrahimne tabyat asatana japani lokanpasoon anek mahattvapoorn sarkari kagadpatre lapavali. pengiran yusuf (nantar yaam pengiran setia negara pengiran haji mohad yusuf) aanee itar brunei lokanna prashikshanasathi japanla pathvanyat aale. hiroshimachya anubombchya divashi yaa bhagat yusuf jiwant rahila.
ingrajanni japani hallyacha andaj vartavala hota, parantu europemadhil yuddhat sahbhagi jhalyamule yaa kshetrache rakshan karnyasathi tyanchyakade sansadhanancha abhav hota. september 1941 madhye panjab regimentchya sainyane japaninna tyancha vapar nakarnyasathi siriya telkshetratil telvahinya konkreetne bharalya. japani lokanni malayavar aakraman kele tevha urvarit upkarane aanee aasthapana nasht jhalya. yuddhachya akheris, miirii aanee seriya yetheel 16 vihiri punha suru karnyat aalya hotya, jyache utpadan yuddhapoorv patalichya jawalpas nimmya patalivar pohochale hote. muwara yetheel kolashache utpadanahi punha suru karnyat aale, parantu tyat farse yash midale nahee.
yaa vyaparachya kalat japani lokanna tyanchi bhasha shalanmadhye shikavali jaat asey aanee sarkari adhikanyanna japani shikane aavashyak hote. sthanik chalanachi jaaga 'duit pisang' (kelicha paisa) mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee. 1943 pasoon atee-chalanvadhine chalanache moolya nasht kele aanee yuddhachya shevati heey chalan nirupayogi jhaale. nauvahanavaril mitrapakshanchya hallyanmule akheris vyapar thambla. ann aanee aushadhancha tutwada jaanavala aanee loksankhyela dushkal aanee rogancha tras sahan karava lagla.
vimantal dhavpatti japanchya lokanni tabyat asatana bandhali hotee aanee 1943 madhye japani naudalache unit brunei khadee aanee labuan yethe sthit hote. naudalacha tall mitrapakshanchya bombsfotanmule nasht jhaala, parantu vimantalachi dhavpatti bachavali. hii suvidha sarvajanik vimantal mhanoon vikasit karnyat aalee. 1944 madhye mitrarashtranni kabja kelelya japani lokanviruddha bombfake moheem suru kelee, jyamule bahutek shahar aanee kuala bellet uddhvast jhaale, parantu campong irela teey chukale.
10 juuna 1945 roji, austreliyan 9vaa vibhag japankadun bornio punha midvinyasathi operation obo six antargat murah yethe utarala. tyanna american havai aanee naudal tukadyancha pathimba hota. brunei shaharavar mothya pramanat bombsfot karnyat aale aanee teen divasanchya jordar ladhainantar teey punha tabyat ghenyat aale. mashidisah anek imarati uddhvast jhalya. leftnunt-general masao baba yanchya netrutvakhali brunei, borneo aanee saravak yetheel japani sainyane 10 september 1945 roji labuan yethe aupcharikpane aatmasamarpan kele. british lashkari prashasanane japankadun taba ghetala aanee julai 1946 paryant rahile.
dusya mahayuddhanantar.
dusya mahayuddhanantar, bruneimadhye british lashkari prashasanakhali (bii. emm. aii.) eka naveen sarkar sthapan jhaale. tyat pramukhyane austreliyan adhikari aanee sainikancha samavesh hota. 6 julai 1945 roji bruneiche prashasana nagri prashasanakade sopavanyat aale. tyaa varshi brunei rajya parishadeche punarujjivan karnyat aale. japanchya lokanni tyanchya vyaparachya kalat mothya pramanat nuksan kelelya bruneyan arthvyavasthela punarujjivit karnyache kaam bii. emm. aii. laa denyat aale hote. tyanna siriyachya vihirinna lagaleli aag dekhil vizvavi lagali, jee japanane tyanchya parabhavachya aadhi lavali hotee.
1941 purvi, singapurmadhil samudradhuni vasahatincha rajyapal, brunei, saravak aanee uttar bornio (aata sabah) sathee british uchchayuktanchya kartvyansathi jababdar hota. surr charles arden clark heey bruneiche pahile british uchchayukt hote, sarvakche rajyapal. barisan pemuda ('yuva chalval'; sankshiptapane barip) haah 12 april 1946 roji bruneimadhye sthapan jhalela pahila rajkiy paksh hota. yaa pakshacha uddesh 'sultan aanee deshache sarvbhaumatva jatan karane aanee maleshiyatil hakkanche rakshan karane' haah hota. deshachya rashtragitachya rachnetahi barip yanni yogdan dile. 1948 madhye nishkriyatemule paksh visarjit karnyat aala.
1959 madhye, bruneila swashasit rajya ghoshit karnari eka naveen rajyaghatna lihili gelee, tarr tyache pararashtra vyavhar, suraksha aanee sanrakshn hii united kingdamchi jababdari rahili. 1962 madhye rajeshahiviruddha eka chhotishi bandkhori suru jhaali, jee brittonchya madatine dadapali gelee. brunei bund mhanoon olakhalya jaananya yaa bandamule, aata maleshiya mhanoon olakhalya jaananya udayonmukh rajyat sameel honyachya sulatanchya nirnayala uttar bornio mahasanghachya chhatrachhayakhali yogdan midale. 
bruneila 1 janewari 1984 roji united kingdampasoon swatantrya midale. deshachya swatantryacha utsav sajra karnara adhikrut rashtriy divas paramparenusar 23 februwari roji sajra keela jaato.
sanvidhanache lekhan.
julai 1953 madhye sultan omer allie saifuddin tisra yane bruneichya lekhee sanvidhanababat nagarikanchi matey nishchit karnyasathi 'tujuh serangkai' navachi saat sadasyiy samitee sthapan kelee. meey 1954 madhye, sultan, rahivasi aanee uchchayukt yanni samitichya nishkarshanvar charcha karnyasathi baithak ghetali. tyanni sanvidhanacha masuda tayar karnyas adhikrutata denyas sahmati darshavali. march 1959 madhye sultan omer allie saifuddin tisra yane prastavit sanvidhanavar charcha karnyasathi eka shishtamandalache netrutva londonla kele. british pratinidhi mandalache netrutva vasahatinche rajya sachiv surr alaan lenox-boyd yanni kele. british sarkarne nantar sanvidhanacha masuda swikarla.
29 september 1959 roji brunei shaharat ghatanavishayak kararavar swakshya karnyat aalya. sultan omer allie saifuddin tisra aanee surr robbert scott, aagney aashiyache aayukt-general yanni yaa kararavar swakshya kelya.
tyat khaleel tartudincha samavesh hotah
paach parishada sthapan karnyat aalyah
rashtriy vikas yojana.
bruneicha 28 vaa sultan omer allie saifuddin tisra yane rashtriy vikas yojananchi eka malika suru kelee.
pahila 1953 madhye sadar karnyat aala. yaa yojnesathi brunei rajya parishadene ekoon 10 kotee dollarschee rakkam manjur kelee. eae.aar. tyachi amalbajavani karnyasathi fiji yetheel vasahatvadi karyalayatil bevington yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. yaa yojneantargat 14 dashalaksh americi dollarscha gass prakalp bandhanyat aala. 1954 madhye, brunei shale petroliyamdware kinanyavaril aanee kinanyavaril donhi kshetranvar sarvekshan aanee shodhkarya haatee ghenyat aale. 1956 paryant utpadan 114,700 bii. pii. dii. paryant pohochale.
yaa yojnemule sarvajanik shikshanachya vikasalahi madat jhaali. 1958 paryant shikshanavaril ekoon kharch 40 laakh dollars hota. 1954 madhye baracas vimantalavar naveen raste bandhanyat aale aanee punarbandhani purn jhalyamule dalanvalan sudharle gele.
dusari rashtriy vikas yojana 1962 madhye suru karnyat aalee. 1963 madhye eka mothe teel aanee vayoo kshetra sapadale. teel aanee vayoo kshetratil vikas suruch aahe aanee tevhapasoon teel utpadanat satatyane vaadh jhaali aahe. yaa yojanene nagarikanchya vaparasathi maans aanee andyanchya utpadanala dekhil chalana dilee. masemari udhyogane yojanechya sampoorn kalavadhit aaplya utpadanat 25 takkyanni vaadh kelee. yaa kalat muwara yetheel khol panyache bandarhi bandhanyat aale. vijechya garja purn karnyat aalya aanee grameen bhaganna veej puravanyasathi abhyas karnyat aala. jaagtik aarogya sanghatanechya madatine yaa pradeshatil sthanik aajaar maleriyache uchchatan karnyasathi prayatna karnyat aale. 1953 madheel 300 prakarananvarun 1959 madhye keval 66 prakarananparyant maleriyachi prakarane qamee jhaali. mrutyuche praman 1947 madheel prati hazar 20 varoon 1953 madhye prati hazar 11.3 paryant qamee jhaale. sarvajanik swachchata aanee nichara sudharnyamule aanee loksankhyela naladvare shuddha panyachi tartud kelyamule sansargjanya rog rokhala gela aahe.
swatantrya.
14 november 1971 roji sultan hasnal bolkia 1959 chya sanvidhanatil sudharananshi sambandhit babinvar charcha karnyasathi londonla ravana jhaale. 23 november 1971 roji eka naveen karar karnyat aala, jyamadhye british pratinidhi anthany roil hota.
yaa kararantargat, khaleel atinvar sahmati jhalih
yaa kararamule bruneimadhye gurkha tukadya tainat karnyat aalya, jithe tyaa aajahi aahet.
7 janewari 1979 roji brunei aanee united kingdam yanchyat aanakhi eka karar jhaala. laurd goronvi-roberts heey brittonche pratinidhi asalyane tyavar swakshari karnyat aalee. yaa kararamule bruneila eka swatantra rashtra mhanoon aantarrashtriy jababdanya swikaranyachi mubha midali. brittonne mutsaddi babinmadhye bruneila madat karnyas sahmati darshavali. meey 1983 madhye, bruneichya swatantryachi tarikh 1 janewari 1984 asel, asey brittonne jaheer kele.
31 december 1983 roji deshatil charahi jilhyantil mukhya mashidinvar eka samoohik sabha aayojit karnyat aalee hotee aanee 1 janewari 1984 roji madhyaratri sultan hasnal bolkia yanni swatantryachi ghoshana vachali. sultanane nantar purvichya 'tyachya shahee mahamanav' aivaji 'tyachi bhavyata' hii padvi dharan kelee. bruneila 22 september 1984 roji sanyukt rashtranmadhye pravesh denyat aala aanee too yaa sanghatanecha 159 vaa sadasya banala.
21 weey shatak.
aktoobar 2013 madhye sultan hasnal bolkia yane deshachya loksankhyechya andaje done trutiyansh asalelya muslimanvar shariyachi shiksha lagoo karnyacha aapala hetu jaheer keela. yachee amalbajavani teen tappyat kelee jaeel, jyachi sangata 2016 madhye hoil aanee brunei haah tyachya dand sanhitet shariya samavisht karnara purv aashiyatil pahila aanee ekmev desh tharel, jyat aachehcha uparashtriy indonesian vishesh pradesh vagalanyat aala aahe. yaa nirnayavar aantarrashtriy teeka jhaali, sanyukt rashtranni "tivra chinta" vyakt kelee.
bhoogol.
brunei haah aagney aashiyatil eka desh aahe, jyamadhye done jodale naan gelele bhag aahet, jyanche ekoon kshetrafal bornio betavar aahe. dakshin chean samudrachya shejari tyachi kinarpatti aahe aanee tee maleshiyashi seema samayik karate. tyat pradeshik jalkshetra aanee eka vishesh aarthik kshetra aahe.
sumare 97 takke loksankhya mothya paschim bhagat (belet, tutong aanee brunei-murah) rahate, tarr keval 10,000 lock dongral purv bhagat (temburong jilha) rahatat. bruneichi ekoon loksankhya andaje 4,08,000 aahe, jyapaiki sumare 1,50,000 rajdhani bandar seree begavanmadhye rahatat. itar pramukh shahare mhanje bandar shahar murah, teel utpadak shahar seriya aanee shejaril shahar kuala belait. belait jilhyatil panaga bhagat mothya sankhyene europeey nirvasit rahatat, kaaran shahee dutch shale aanee british lashkari nivassthan aanee tethe anek manoranjanatmak suvidha aahet.
bruneicha bahutansh bhag borneochya sakhal bhagatil parjanyavan paryavaraniy pradeshat aahe, jyat betacha bahutansh bhag vyapala aahe. parvatiy parjanyavananchi kshetre antardeshiy aahet.
bruneiche hawaman ushnakatibandhiy vishuvavruttiy aahe jeey ushnakatibandhiy parjanyavanache hawaman aahe jeey vyapari vanyanpeksha aantar-ushnakatibandhiy abhisaran kshetrachya adhik adheen aahe aanee konatehi kinwa durmil chakrivadale naheet. itar ashiyai sadasya deshansah hawaman badalamule udbhavananya dhokyanna brunei samore jaat aahe.
rajkaran aanee sarkar.
bruneichi rajkiy vyavastha sanvidhan aanee malay islami rajeshahichya rashtriy paramparedvare ('melayu islam beraja'; mib) niyantrit kelee jaate. mibchya teen ghatakanmadhye malay sanskruti, islami dharm aanee rajeshahikhalil rajkiy chaukat yancha samavesh aahe. kahee prakarananmadhye islamik kayada ("shariya") yala mage takat asala taree, ingraji samanya kayadyavar aadharit kayadeshir vyavastha aahe. bruneimadhye sansad aahe parantu nivadanuka naheet; shevatchi nivadanuk 1962 madhye jhaali hotee.
bruneichya 1959 chya sanvidhananusar, tyanche mahamahim hasnal bolkia heey sampoorn karyakari adhikar asalele rajyache pramukh aahet. 1962 chya brunei bandanantar, yaa pradhikaranane aapatkalin adhikarancha samavesh keela aahe, jeey darr done varshanni nutanikaran kele jaatat, mhanje tevhapasoon brunei tantrikdrushtya marshal low antargat aahe. hasnal bolkia heey rajyache pantpradhan, arthamantri aanee sanrakshanmantri mhanoonahi kaam karatat.
paradeshi sambandh.
1979 paryant bruneiche pararashtra sambandh britton sarkardware vyavasthapit kele jaat hote. tyanantar, tyanna brunei mutsaddi sevedware hatalale gele. 1984 madhye swatantryanantar, hii seva mantri staravar unnati karnyat aalee aanee aata tee pararashtra vyavhar mantralay mhanoon olakhali jaate.
adhikrutpane, bruneiche pararashtra dhoran khalilpramane aaheh
united kingdamshi asalelya paramparik sambandhanmule, 1 janewari 1984 roji brunei tyachya swatantryachya divashi lagechach rashtrakulacha 49 vaa sadasya banala. sudharit pradeshik sambandhanchya dishene tyachya pahilya upkramanpaiki eka mhanoon, brunei 7 janewari 1984 roji ashiyamadhye sameel jhaala aanee sahava sadasya banala. tyache sarvbhaumatva aanee swatantrya olakhanyasathi, tyach varshi 21 september roji teey sanyukt rashtrat purn sadasya mhanoon sameel jhaale.
eka islami desh mhanoon, brunei janewari 1984 madhye morokko yethe jhalelya chauthya islamik shikhar parishadet islamik parishadechya (aata islamik sahkaryachi sanghatana) sanghatanecha purn sadasya banala.
1989 madhye ashiya-paisiphik aarthik sahkarya manchavar (aii. pii. eae. see.) pravesh kelyanantar, bruneine november 2000 madhye aii. pii. eae. see. aarthik netyanchi baithak aanee julai 2002 madhye ashiyai pradeshik munch (aii. aar. eff.) aayojit keela. brunei 1 janewari 1995 roji jaagtik vyapar sanghatanecha (doubleu. tii. oo.) sansthapak sadasya banala aanee 24 march 1994 roji phillipineschya davao yethe jhalelya udghatan mantryanchya baithakidarmyan sthapan jhalelya bimp-igamadhil too eka pramukh kheladu aahe.
bruneiche singapur aanee phillipineshi jawalche sambandh aahet. april 2009 madhye, brunei aanee phillipines yanni krishi aanee shetishi sambandhit vyapar aanee guntavanuk yaa kshetrat donhi deshanche dwipakshi sahkarya majboot karnyasathi samanjasya kararavar swakshya kelya.
kahee vadgrast betanvar dawa karananya anek rashtranpaiki brunei haah eka desh aahe. 1890 madhye haah bhag pahilyanda jodalya gelyapasoon bruneine saravakcha bhag mhanoon limbangchya sthitivar vaad ghatala aahe. 2009 madhye haah muddah nikali kadhanyat aala, jyachya badalyat bruneine maleshiyacha bruneichya panyatil teel kshetranvaril dawa sodoon denyachya badalyat seema swikaranyas sahmati darshavali. brunei sarkar heey nakarte aanee limbangvaril tyancha dawa kadhihi mage ghenyat aala nahee asey mhanate.
2013 madhye brunei heey ashiyai sanghache adhyaksh hote. tyach varshi tyanni ashiyai shikhar parishadechehi aayojan kele hote.
bachav.
brunei deshbharat teen payadal tukadya tainat thevate. brunei naudalakade german utpadkankadun kharedi kelelya anek "ijatihad" shrenichya gast nauka aahet. bruneimadhil teel udhyogache kendra asalelya seriyamadhyehi united kingdamcha paya aahe. tethe 1,500 karmchanyanchi eka gurkha batalian tainat aahe. donhi deshanmadhye jhalelya sanrakshn kararanusar united kingdamche lashkari karmchari tethe tainat aahet.
havai dalane chalavaleli 212 hii ghanta 20 julai 2012 roji kuala belait yethe kosalali aanee tyat asalelya 14 paiki 12 karmchanyancha mrutyu jhaala. apghatache kaaran adyap spasht jhalele nahee. haah apghat bruneichya itihasatil vimanchalan kshetratil sarvat bhishan ghatana aahe.
lashkar sadhya yuu. aii. vhee. aanee ess-70aay black hoxes naveen upkarane kharedi karat aahe.
bruneichya vidhan parishadene vittiy varshasathi sanrakshn arthsankalp sumare paach takkyanni vadhavun 56.4 kotee brunei dollars (40.8 kotee dollars) karnyacha prastav mandala. heey rajyachya ekoon rashtriy varshik kharchachya sumare daha takke aahe aanee jee. dii. pii. chya sumare 2.5 takke aahe.
prashasakeey vibhag.
brunei-muara, belet, tutong aanee temburong yaa chaar jilhyanmadhye brunei vibhagalele aahe. brunei-muara jilha haah sarvat lahan parantu sarvadhik loksankhya asalela jilha aahe aanee deshachi rajdhani bandar seree begavanche ghar aahe. belait heey deshatil teel aanee vayoo udhyogache janmasthan aanee kendra aahe. temburong heey eka ecclave aahe aanee bruneicha upasagar aanee maleshiyatil saravak rajyane deshachya urvarit bhagapasoon vegale kele aahe. tutong heey deshatil sarvat mothe naisargik sarovar tasek merimbunche ghar aahe.
pratyek jilha anek mukimmadhye vibhagalela aahe. bruneimadhye ekoon 39 mukim aahet. pratyek mukimmadhye anek gave (kinwa) samavisht aahet.
bandar seree begaon aanee deshatil shahare (muwara aanee bangar vagalata) nagarpalika mandalache kshetra () mhanoon prashasit kelee jaatat. pratyek nagarpalika kshetra heey anshatah kinwa sampurnatah gave kinwa mukim asoo shakate. bandar seree begaon aanee kahee shahare jyaa jilhyanmadhye aahet, tyanchi rajdhani mhanoonahi kaam karatat.
jilha aanee tyache ghatak mukim aanee gave jilha karyalayadvare prashasit kelee jaatat. darmyan, nagarpalika kshetranche prashasana nagarpalika vibhag () dware kele jaate. jilha karyalaye aanee nagarpalika vibhag heey donhi gruh mantralayachya akhtyarit yenare sarkari vibhag aahet.
kayadeshir vyavastha.
bruneichya nyayik shakhet anek nyayalaye aahet. sarvoch nyayalay, diwani prakarananmadhye prevy councilchya nyayik samitichya apeal adhikarkshetrachya adheen asale taree, sarvoch nyayalay aahe, jyamadhye apeal nyayalay aanee uchch nyayalay yancha samavesh aahe. yaa doghanmadhye eka mukhya nyayadhish aanee done nyayadhish aahet.
mahila aanee mule.
yuu.ess. bruneimadhye mahilanvaril bhedbhav hii eka samasya asalyache rajya vibhagane mhatale aahe. kayada laingik chhalacha nishedh karato aanee asey namood karato qee joou konee hallah karato kinwa gunhegari balacha vapar karato, tyamule upman karnyacha hetu kinwa ekhadya vyaktichya vinaybhangas karanibhoot tharoo shakate heey jaanun ghetalyas tyala paach varshanparyant turungwas aanee betra thothavanyachi shiksha hoil. kayadyanusar balatkarasathi 30 varshanparyant turungwas aanee 12 peksha qamee vaar naan karata betra chalvane bandhankarak aahe. kayadyane vaivahik balatkarala gunhegari tharavale nahee; tyat spashtapane mhatale aahe qee, joparyant tee 13 varshanpeksha qamee vayachi nahee toparyant, aaplya patnisobat purushane kelela laingik sambandh balatkar nahee. sudharit islamik kautumbik kayada aadesh 2010 aanee vivahit mahila kayada aadesh 2010 antargat jodidaradware honanya laingik atyacharachya virodhat sanrakshn pradan kele jaate. sanrakshn aadeshache ullanghan kelyabaddal dand 2,000 abj dollarspeksha jaast nasnara dand kinwa sahaa mahinyanpeksha jaast nasnara turungwas aahe. kayadyanusar, 14 varshankhalil mahileshi laingik sambandh thevane mhanje balatkar aahe aanee tyala kiman aath varshe aanee 30 varshanpeksha jaast nasananya turungvasachi aanee 12 peksha qamee nasananya kathichya fatkyanchi shiksha hote. veshyavyavasay aanee ashlilatesah "itar anaitik hetun" dware honanya shoshanapasun mulinche sanrakshn karane haah kayadyacha hetu aahe.
bruneiche nagrikatva 'jus solee' aivaji palakanchya rashtriyatvadvare ghetale jaate. rajyavihin darja asalelya palakanni deshat janmalelya mulasathi vishesh pasasathi arj karane aavashyak aahe. mulachi nondani karnyat ayashasvi jhalyas mulachi shalet nondani karane katheen houu shakate.
ell. jee. bii. tii. adhikar.
bruneimadhye purush aanee stree samalaingikta bekaydeshir aahe. purushanmadhil laingik sambandhanna mrutyu kinwa chabuk maranyachi shiksha hote; mahilanmadhil laingik sambandhanna betra kinwa turungvasachi shiksha hote.
meey 2019 madhye, brunei sarkarne fashichya shikshevaril vidyaman sthagiti shariya faujdari sanhiteparyant vadhavali, jyamule samalingi krutyanna dagadfek karoon mrutyudand thothavanyat aala.
2019 madhye, bruneine jaheer kele qee teey yapudhe aaplya vadgrast shariya dand sanhitechya dusya tappyachi amalbajavani karnar naheet. 2014 madhye pahilyanda lagoo karnyat aalelya yaa sanhitemadhye choree, ammali padarthanche gunhe aanee samalingi sambandh yasarkhya gunhyansathi, angvichedan aanee dagadfekidware mrutyu yasah anek shikshancha samavesh hota.
yaa kathor shikshela amanaviy aanee manavadhikaranche ullanghan mhanoon teeka karananya desh aanee manavadhikar sanghatananchya lakshaniy aantarrashtriy pratikriya aanee dabavanantar sanhitechya dusya tappyachi amalbajavani thambavanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala.
brunei sarkarne sangitale qee, deshat shantata aanee sthairya rakhanyasathi aanee deshachya arthvyavasthevar aanee pratishthevar konatahi nakaratmak parinam talhanyasathi haah nirnay ghenyat aala aahe. bruneicha sultan hasnal bolkia yane dekhil eka nivedan jaaree kele qee desh aantarrashtriy nikash aanee sarvottam paddhatinchya anushangane aapali kayadeshir vyavastha "majboot aanee sudharat" raheel.
heey namood karnyasarkhe aahe qee shariya dand sanhitecha pahila tappa, jyamadhye shukravari namaj pathan karnyas ayashasvi hone aanee daruche sevan yasarkhya gunhyansathi dand aanee turungwas samavisht aahe, too kayam aahe.
dharmik adhikar.
bruneichya kayadyanmadhye, bigger muslimanna tyanchya shraddheche palan karnyachya adhikarachi hummy 1959 chya rajyaghatanene dilee aahe. tathapi, utsav aanee prathna keval prathanasthale aanee khajgi nivassthananpurati maryadit asayala havee. shariya dand sanhita swikarlyanantar, dharmik vyavhar mantralayane sarvajanik thikani khrisamasachya sajavativar bandee ghatali, parantu prathanasthale aanee khajgi parisarat khrismas sajra karnyas manai kelee nahee.
25 december 2015 roji, andaje 18,000 paiki 4,000 sthanik catholic khrismas day aanee khrisamasachya purvasandhyela upasthit hote. 2015 madhye, bruneimadhil catholic charchchya tatkalin pramukhanni 'brunei times' laa sangitale, agadi pramanikpane sangayache tarr yaa varshi aamchyasathi konatahi badal jhalela nahee; konatehi naveen nirbandh ladanyat aalele naheet, jaree aamhi aamche utsav aanee upasana charchchya aavaranmadhye aanee khajgi nivassthananmadhye [maryadit] thevanyachya vidyaman niyamancha purnapane aadar karato aanee tyanche palan karato.
bruneichi sudharit dand sanhita tappyatappyane lagoo jhaali, jee 22 april 2014 roji dand kinwa turungvasane dandaniy gunhyansah suru jhaali. nantar antim amalbajavanisathi asalelya sampoorn sanhitet, muhammadacha upman kinwa badnami karane, kuran aanee hadisachya konatyahi shlokancha upman karane, ishwaraninda, swatahla paigambar kinwa bigger-muslim ghoshit karane, lootmar, balatkar, vyabhichar, samalingi sambandh, muslimansathi vivahetar laingik sambandh aanee hatya yasarkhya anek gunhyansathi (hinsak aanee ahinsak donhi) fashichi shiksha nishchit kelee gelee. dagadfek karoon mrutyu hii 'laingik swarupachya gunhyansathi fashichi vishisht paddhat' hotee. manavadhikaransathichya sanyukt rashtranchya uchchayuktanchya (ohchar) karyalayache pravakte rupert colville yanni ghoshit kele qee, "asha vyapak shrenichya gunhyansathi fashichi shiksha lagoo karane aantarrashtriy kayadyache ullanghan karate."
pranyanche haqq.
brunei haah aashiyatil pahila desh aahe jyane deshbharat shark finningwar bandee ghatali aahe.
bornio bett samayik karananya shejaryanchya tulanet bruneine aapali bahutansh jangale tikavoon thewali aahet. bruneimadhye dhokyat asalela khajina manalya jaananya pangolinschya sanrakshanasathi eka sarvajanik moheem suru aahe.
arthvyavastha.
aagney ashiyai rashtranmadhye singapurnantar bruneicha manav vikas nirdeshank dusya kramankavar aahe. kachchya telache aanee naisargik vayuche utpadan tyachya jee. dii. pii. madhye sumare 90 takke aahe. darroj sumare sumare telache utpadan hote, jyamule brunei haah aagney aashiyatil telacha chautha sarvat motha utpadak desh banato. teey darroj andaje dravikrut naisargik vayuche utpadan dekhil karate, jyamule brunei haah jagatil navva sarvat motha vayoo niryatdar desh banato. "petroleum aanee naisargik vayoo kshetranchya aadhare, 'forbes' neey bruneila 182 paiki pachva sarvat shrimant desh mhanoon sthan dile aahe.
paradeshi guntavanukitun milanare lakshaniy utpann heey deshantargat utpadanatun milananya utpannala purak aahe. yapaiki bahutansh guntavanuk arth mantralayachi shakha asalelya brunei guntavanuk sansthedvare kelee jaate. sarkar serve vaidyakeey seva puravate aanee tandul aanee gharanna anudan dete.
rashtriy havai vahak royal brunei airlines, europe aanee austreliya/newzealand darmyan aantarrashtriy pravasache kendra mhanoon brunei vikasit karnyacha prayatna karat aahe. londonchya heathro vimantalavar viman companychi sthitee hii yaa dhoranachya kendrasthani aahe. atyant kshamata-niyantrit vimantalavar darrojchi jaaga aahe, jee bandar seree begavan yethoon dubai marge seva dete. yaa viman kampanikade shanghay, bancock, singapur aanee manila yasah pramukh ashiyai gantvyasthanansathihi seva aahet.
brunei mothya pramanat krishi utpadanansarkhya aayativar avalambun aahe (udaa.jee. tandul, ann utpadane, pashudhan ii.), itar deshantil vahane aanee vidyut utpadane. brunei aaplya 60 takke annapadarthanchi aayat karato; tyapaiki sumare 75 takke ann itar ashiyai deshanmadhun yete.
jaagtik arthvyavasthet vadhanare ekatmata antargat samajik ekatmata qamee karel aanee tyamule tyanni ektepanache dhoran avalambale aahe, ashee chinta bruneichya netyanna aahe. tathapi, 2000 chya ashiya-paisiphik aarthik sahkarya (aii. pii. eae. see.) manchache adhyaksh mhanoon kaam karoon too adhik pramukh kheladu banala aahe. bruneichya netyanchi kamgar shakti vadhavanyachi, 2014 madhye 6.9 takke asaleli berojgari qamee karanyachi, banking aanee paryatan kshetrala balkati denyachi aanee sarvasadharanpane aarthik paya vistrut karanyachi yojana aahe. dirghakalin vikas yojanecha uddesh vikasat vividhata aanane haah aahe.
brunei sarkarne ann svayampurnatela, visheshtah tandalachya babatitahi protsahan dile aahe. april 2009 madhye vasan paadee shetat jhalelya samarambhat 'brunei darussalammadhil tandul utpadanache swayampurnata sadhya karnyasathi paadee lagwad' chya shubharambhadarmyan bruneine aaplya brunei darussalam tandul 1 chey naav badaloon laila tandul asey thewale. august 2009 madhye, sthanik tandalache utpadan vadhavinyachya anek varshanchya prayatnannantar, rajgharanyane pahilya kahee laila padichya fandya kapalya, jeey uddisht sumare ardhya shatkapurvi pahilyanda spasht kele gele. julai 2009 madhye bruneine aapali rashtriy halal branding yojana, brunei halal suru kelee, jyache uddisht paradeshi bajarpethet niryat karane heey hote.
2020 madhye, bruneiche veej utpadan mukhyatve jivashma indhanavar aadharit hote; deshatil utpadit vijemadhye akshay urjecha vaataa 1 takkyanhun qamee hota.
payabhoot suvidha.
2019 paryant, deshatil rastyanche jaale ekoon lambiche hote, jyapaiki mokali jaaga tayar karnyat aalee hotee. murah shahar teey kuala belait haah mahamarg duheri vahtuk marg aahe.
havai, sagari aanee jaminivaril vahatukidvare bruneila pohochata yete. brunei aantarrashtriy vimantal haah deshacha mukhya pravesh bindu aahe. royal brunei airlines hii rashtriy vimanseva aahe. seriyamadhye anduki airfield heey aanakhi eka airfield aahe. muara yetheel pherii terminal labuan (maleshiya) laa niyamit sampark seva puravate. speedboaty temburong jeelhyat pravasi aanee malvahatuk puravatat. bruneimadhun jaanara mukhya mahamarg mhanje tutong-muara mahamarg. deshatil rastyanche jaale changle vikasit aahe. bruneimadhye eka mukhya sagari bandar murah yethe aahe.
bruneimadhil vimantal sadhya mothya pramanat adyayavat kele jaat aahe. changi vimantal aantarrashtriy heey yaa aadhunikikaranavar kaam karnare sallagar aahet, jyacha niyojit kharch sadhya 15 kotee dollar aahe. yaa prakalpat naveen majlyavaril jaaga jodali jaanar aahe aanee tyat naveen terminal aanee aagman sabhagruh samavisht aahe. haah prakalp purn jhalyanantar vimantalachi varshik pravasi kshamata 15 lakhanvarun duppat houn 30 laakh honyachi apeksha aahe.
darr 2,99 vyaktinsathi eka khajgi qaar asalelya bruneimadhye qaar malakiche darr jagatil sarvadhik aahet. sarvasamaveshak vahtook vyavasthecha abhav, qamee aayat curr aanee prati litter petrolchi qamee kimmat $0.53 itaki asane heey yache kaaran aahe.
17 march 2020 roji muwara aanee temburong jilhyanna jodanara eka naveen rasta vahatukisathi khula karnyat aala. yaa rastyacha chauda kilometer (9 mail) bruneichya upasagarala paar karat asel. yaa pulacha kharch 1.6 abj dollars aahe.
banking.
april 2016 madhye banq auph chayanala bruneimadhye shakha ughadanyachi parvanagi midali. 1972 madhye pravesh kelelya citybankne 2014 madhye bruneimadhye aapale kamkaj bund kele. 1947 madhye pravesh kelelya hsbcne november 2017 madhye bruneimadhye aapale kamkaj bund kele. meey banq auph maleshiya, rhb banq auph maleshiya, united kingdamchi manak chartered banq, united overseys banq auph singapur aanee banq auph chayana sadhya bruneimadhye karyarat aahet.
loksankhyashastra.
bruneichya sthanik vanshanmadhye belait, brunei bisaya (jawalchya phillipineschya bisaya/visayashi gondhal ghaloo naye), swadeshi bruneyan malay, dussen, kedayan, lune bawang, murat aanee tutong yancha samavesh aahe.
bruneichi loksankhya hotee, jyapaiki 76 takke shahari bhagat rahatat. 2010 teey 2015 yaa kalat shaharikaranacha darr varshala 2.13% assa andaj aahe. sarasari ayurman 77.7 varshe aahe. 2014 madhye, loksankhyepaiki 65.7% malay hote, 10.3% chiinii aahet, 3.4% swadeshi aahet, tarr 20.6% lahan gut urvarit aahet. tulanene motha pravasi samuday aahe.
bahutansh nirvasit heey austreliya, united kingdam, dakshin koria, japan, phillipines, thayaland, kambodiya, vietnam aanee bharat yasarkhya bigger-muslim deshanmadhun yetat.
dharm.
islam haah bruneicha adhikrut dharm aahe, visheshtah sunni panthacha aanee islami nyayshastrachi shafee 'eae shaala. bahusankhya bruneyan malay aanee kedayan lokansah 80 takkyanhun adhik loksankhya muslim mhanoon olakhate. bauddha dharm (7 takke, pramukhyane chiinii) aanee khrishchan dharm (7.1 takke) heey itar dharm aahet. muktachintak, mukhytah chiinii, heey loksankhyechya sumare 7 takke aahet. jaree tyanchyapaiki bahutekjan bauddha, confucianism aanee taovadachya ghatkansah kahee prakarche dharm palatat, taree teey adhikrutpane konatahi dharm palala nasalyache swatahla sadar karnyas pradhanya detat, mhanoon adhikrut jangananet nastik mhanoon label kele jaate. sthanik dharmanche anuyayi loksankhyechya sumare 2 takke aahet.
bhasha.
bruneichi adhikrut bhasha pramanit malay aahe, jyasathi lattin varnamala (roomi) aanee arabi varnamala (jaavi) donhi vaparali jaatat. suruvatila, 1941 chya sumaras lattin varnamalet badalnyapurvi malay heey jaavi lipit lihile gele hote.
melayu brunei' (brunei malay) hii pramukh bolali jaanari bhasha aahe. brunei malay hii pramanit malay aanee urvarit malay bolibhashanpeksha vegali aahe, sumare 84 takke pramanit malay bhashanshi parichit aahe aanee bahutekda tee paraspar samajanyasarkhi aahe.
ingraji hii vyavasay aanee adhikrut bhasha mhanoon mothya pramanavar vaparali jaate aanee tee bruneimadhil bahusankhya lock bolatat. vyavasayat ingraji hii kamachi bhasha mhanoon aanee prathamik teey trutiyak shikshanaparyant shikshanachi bhasha mhanoon vaparali jaate.
chiinii bhasha dekhil mothya pramanavar bolalya jaatat aanee bruneimadhil chiinii alpasankhyak lock chiinii bhasheche anek prakar bolatat.
arabi hii muslimanchi dharmik bhasha aahe aanee shalanmadhye, visheshtah dharmik shalanmadhye aanee uchch shikshan sansthanmadhyehi shikavali jaate. 2004 paryant, bruneimadhye sahaa arabi shaala aanee eka dharmik shikshak mahavidhyalay aahe. bruneichya bahusankhya muslim loksankhyene tyanchya dharmik shikshanacha bhag mhanoon arabi bhasheche vachan, lekhan aanee uchcharanamadhye kahee prakarche aupcharik kinwa anaupacharik shikshan ghetale aahe.
bolalya jaananya itar bhasha aanee bolibhashanmadhye kedayan malay boolii, tutong malay boolii, murut aanee dusun yancha samavesh aahe.
sanskruti.
bruneichi sanskruti pramukhyane malay aahe (tiche vanshikatva pratibimbit karate), islamcha motha prabhav aahe, parantu indoneshiya aanee maleshiyachya tulanet tee adhik puranmatvadi mhanoon pahili jaate. brunei sanskrativar prabhav malay dweepsamuhatil malay sanskratinpasun yeto. sanskrutik prabhavache chaar kalkhand aale aaheth jivavadi, hindu, islami aanee pashchatya. islamcha khoop motha prabhav hota aanee too bruneichi vichardhara aanee tatvadnyan mhanoon swikarla gela.
shariya desh mhanoon daruchi vikri aanee sarvajanik vaparavar bandee aahe. bigger-muslimanna tyanchya swatachya khajgi vaparasathi paradeshat tyanchya pravasachya thikanahun maryadit pramanat daroo aananyachi parvanagi aahe.
madhyam.
bruneimadhil prasarmadhyame sarkar samarthak asalyache mhatale jaate; sarkar aanee rajeshahivar prasarmadhyamankadun teeka hone durmil aahe. friedam hausachya matey prasarmadhyamandhye desh 'swatantra nahee' assa kramank deto. tathapi, vruttapatre paryayi drushtikonababat ughadpane virodhi naheet aanee keval sarkarshi sambandhit lekh prakashit karnyapurati maryadit naheet. sarkarne 1953 madhye brunei press plc yaa mudran aanee prakashan companyla sthapan karanyachi parvanagi dilee. companyne ingraji dainik 'bornio bulletin' chhapane suru thewale. haah vruttpatra saptahik samudayik vruttpatra mhanoon suru jhaala aanee 1990 madhye 'bornio bulletin' vyatirikt dainik banala, tethe 'media parmata' aanee 'pelita brunei' hii sthanik malay vruttapatre dekhil aahet jee darroj prasarit kelee jaatat. "daad brunei times' heey 2006 pasoon bruneimadhye prakashit honare aanakhi eka swatantra ingraji vruttpatra aahe.
brunei sarkar, rajya prasarak redio television brunei (aar. tii. bii.) chya madhyamatoon, dii. vhee. bii.-tii. (aar. tii. bii. pardana, aar. tii. bii. aneka aanee aar. tii. bii. sukmendera) aanee paach redio station (rashtriy eff. emm., pilihan eff. emm., noor islam eff. emm., harmani eff. emm. aanee pelangi eff. emm.) vaparoon digital tvchi suruvat karoon teen durdarshan vahinyanchi malki aanee sanchalan karate. eka khajgi companyne kebal television (estro-chrystal) tasech eka khajgi redio station, chrystal fm upalabdh karoon dile aahe.
tyache online campus redio station 'yuu. bii. dii. eff. emm.' dekhil aahe, jeey tyachya pahilya vidyapith, university brunei darussalammadhun pravahit hote.
khel.
association football haah bruneimadhil sarvat lokpriy khel aahe. brunei rashtriy football sangh 1969 madhye fifamadhye sameel jhaala, parantu tyala farse yash midale nahee. bruneichi sarvoch football leag mhanje brunei super leag, jee brunei darussalamchya football sanghatanedware (eff. aii. bii. dii.) vyavasthapit kelee jaate. yaa deshachi swatachi marshal arts aahe jyala 'silat sufiyan belah diri' mhanatat.
bruneine 1996 madhye olympicmadhye padarpan kele aanee 2008 chee aavrutti vagalata tyanantarchya serve unhali olympicmadhye bhag ghetala aahe. deshane badminton, nembaji, jaltaran aanee track-andd-fieldmadhye spardha kelee aahe, parantu adyap ekahi padak jinkale nahee. brunei darussalam rashtriy olympic parishad hii bruneisathichi rashtriy olympic samitee aahe.
bruneila ashiyai khelanmadhye thode adhik yash midale aahe, tyane chaar kansyapadake jinkley aahet. 1999 salchya aagney ashiyai creeda spardha yaa bruneimadhye aayojit kelya jaananya pahilya mothya aantarrashtriy creeda spardhechya hotya. sarvkaleen aagney ashiyai creeda padaktalikenusar, bruneichya kheladunni yaa khelanmadhye ekoon 14 suvarn, 55 raupya aanee 163 kansyapadake jinkley aahet.
sandarbh.
srot
bahya duve.
sarkar
samanya mahitee
pravas