seva arthvyavastha

seva arthvyavastha hii alikadchya done aarthik ghadamodinpaiki eka kinwa donhicha sandarbh gheu shakateh
utpadan aanee seva yanchyatil junya dvividheyachi jaaga seva (arthshastra) seva-utpadan satatyane ghetali aahe. anek utpadananche sevanmadhye rupantar kele jaat aahe.
udaharanarth, aay. bii. emm. aaplya vyavasayala seva vyavasay mhanoon pahate. jaree teey ajunahi sanganakanchi nirmiti karat asale, taree teey bhautik vastunkade "vyavsayik upay" udhyogacha eka chhotasa bhag mhanoon pahatat. tyanna aadhalale aahe qee "vyavsayik upayayojananchya" maganichi kimmat lavchikta hardwarechya tulanet khoopach qamee aahe. vargani kimmat modelmadhye sambandhit badal jhaala aahe. utpadit upkarananchya eka tukadyasathi ekach paise milanyaivaji, anek utpadakanna aata chaloo asalelya kararansathi mahasulacha sthir pravah milat aahe.
purn kharch lekha aanee bahutansh lekha sudharana aanee aarthik sudharana upay seva arthvyavasthechya changlya pratimasivay sadhya karane sahasa ashakya asalyache manale jaate.
1950 chya dashakapasun jaagtik arthvyavasthet sanrachanatmak badal jhaale aahet. yaa badalasathi, american arthshastradnya vijete aar. 1968 madhye fukes yanni yala 'seva arthvyavastha' asey sambodhale. tyancha assa vishvas aahe qee pashchatya deshanmadhil seva arthvyavastha aanee samajat pravesh karnyat americene pudhakar ghetala aahe. yaa ghoshanene jaagtik staravar americet suru jhalelya seva arthvyavasthechya aagmanachi ghoshana kelee. mahitee tantradnyanachya vegwan vikasabarobarach seva arthvyavasthetahi vikasache naveen cull disun aale aahet.
seva arthvyavastheche paryavaraniy parinam.
heey, visheshtah harit arthshastrat aanee naisargik bhandavalshahisarkhya tyateel adhik vishisht siddhantanmadhye, heey fayade asalyache disun yeteh
utpadan vyavasthapan kinwa utpadan parat ghene heey vishisht aavashyakta kinwa mojmapasathiche shabd aahet jyamadhye kachara vilhewat lavnyachi seva audhyogik utpadanachya vitaran sakhalit samavisht kelee jaate aanee kharedichya velee paise dile jaatat. mhanjech, tumhi utpadanasathi paise deta tevha surakshit aanee yogya vilhewat lavnyasathi paise dene aanee tyachi vilhewat lavnyasathi jyanni tumhala teey vikale tyanchyavar avalambun rahane.
jeey tyache samarthan karatat teey utpadan jivanchakrachya nantarchya tappyambaddal aanee sampoorn utpadan prakriyechya sarvasamaveshak parinamambaddal chintit aahet. (kalpanik, rashtriy, kayadeshir) "vastoo" aanee "utpadan" sambandhanchya seva arthvyavasthechya kathor vyakhyesathi hii purvat manali jaate.
heey anekada rung, tyre aanee itar vastunvar lavale jaate jeey yogya prakare vilhewat lavlyas vishari kachara banatat. thevichya batalisathi aakarle jaanare container deposit mhanoon heey sarvat parichit aahe. batali kharedi karnyasathi, tyat jeey aahe teey kharedi karnyasathi shulkapasoon vegale shulk bharave lagate. jarr konee batali parat kelee tarr shulk parat kele jaate aanee puravathadarane punha vaparasathi kinwa punarvaparasathi batali parat karane aavashyak aahe. naslyas, ekhadyane shulk bharale aahe aanee bahudha heey diaper kinwa tutalelya batalichi vilhewat vilhewat kachara bharane kinwa kachara niyantran upayansathi paise deu shakate. tasech, batali shodhun tee parat karnari konihi samaan shulk aakaru shakate, tyamule lock heey gola karatat aanee qamee utpann midvanyache sadhan mhanoon teey parat karatat. udaharanarth, yuu. ess. madheel beghar lokanmadhye heey agadi samanya aahe.ess. shahare. kayadeshir aavashyakta badaltatah batali swatach samgrichya kharedidarachi malmatta manali jaau shakate kinwa kharedidarala batali ekhadya depomadhye parat karanyachi kahee jababdari asoo shakate jenekarun tee punarvapar kinwa punha vaparali jaau shakate.
germanysarkhya kahee deshanmadhye, kayadyane utpadanachya sampoorn nishkarshan, utpadan, vitaran, vapar aanee apavyay yanchya sarvasamaveshak parinamankade laksh dene aavashyak aahe aanee yatoon napha napha vatet vatet konatyahi parinamansathi kayadeshiraritya jababdar dharale aahe. sarvasadharanpane britton aanee european unionmadhyehi haah cull aahe. americet, asey anek varg krutee khatale jhaale aahet jeey prabhavipane utpadan karbharachi jababdari aahet-utpadan jyaa goshti karate jyasathi companyanna jababdar dharale jaate jyaa karanyachi jahirat tyala kadhich kelee gelee navhati.
yaa samasyanche dayitva sarvajanik kshetrane uchalanyaivaji kinwa khatalyandware companyanna eka velee eka muddah avyavasthitpane sopavanyaivaji, anek lekha sudharananche prayatna purn kharch lekha sadhya karnyavar laksh kendrit karatat. heey sarvasamaveshak parinamache aarthik pratibimb aahe-keval guntavanuk kinwa kharedi kharedi navhe tarr serve pakshanna jhalelya nafyachi aanee tota lakshat ghene. asha halchalinmule naitik kharedi adhik aakarshak jhaali aahe, kaaran tyamule dayitva aanee bhavishyatil khatale talhata yetat.
united states paryavaran sanrakshn sanstha utpadananche jeevan-chakr paryavaraniy parinam qamee karnyasathi utpadananchya karbharachi vakili karate."2004 madhye eae. pii. aii. neey prashasit kelelya utpadan karbharacha aadarsh, vyavasay, grahak, sarkare aanee itaranchya samayik chaturya aanee jababdaricha vapar karato", asey eae. pii. aii. neey eka sanketsthalavar mhatale aahe.
vikasat seva arthvyavasthechi bhoomika.
qamee utpann asalelya deshanmadhye jee. dii. pii. madhye sevancha vaataa 50 takkyanhun adhik aahe aanee tyanchi arthvyavastha jasjashi vikasit hott aahe tastashi arthvyavasthet sevanche mahatva vadhat aahe. seva arthvyavastha hii dekhil vikasachi gurukilli aahe, udaharanarth, up-sahara aafriketil aarthik vadhimadhye tyacha vaataa 47 takke hota (yach kalavadhit udhyogache yogdan 37 takke aanee shetiche yogdan 16 takke hote). yacha arth assa qee aafriketil alikadil aarthik vaadh naisargik sansadhane kinwa vastrodyogaitakich sevanvar avalambun aahe, jaree tyapaiki anek deshanna prathamik aanee duyyam vastoonchya vyapar pradhanyancha fayda hott asala taree. parinami, rojgar dekhil badalannusar julavun ghet aahe aanee lock seva arthvyavasthet kaam midvanyasathi krishi kshetra sodoon jaat aahet. hii rojgar nirmiti visheshtah upayukt aahe kaaran anekada tee paryatan aanee kirkol kshetratil qamee kushal kamgaranna rojgar pradan karate, tyamule visheshtah garibanna fayda hoto aanee ekoon rojgarat nivval vaadh hote. vikasansheel deshanmadhil seva arthvyavastha bahutekda khaleel goshtinni banaleli asateh
yapaiki anek utpadananchi niryat kshamata aadhich changlya prakare samajoon ghetali gelee aahe, udaa.jee. matra, paryatan, vittiy seva aanee vahtook yaa kshetrat aarogya kshetrasarkhya itar kshetranmadhye naveen sandhee nirman hott aahet. udaharanarth,
seva chalak.
20 varshanpurvichya tulanet america aanee european deshanmadhil jee. dii. pii. seva sambhaganchya vadhikade pahatana sevakshamatecha cull khoop disun yeto. seva haah utpadanacha avibhajya ghatak banat chalala aahe, kaaran puravathadar tyanchi kamgiri sudharanyasathi tyanna sanyuktapane kendrasah pradan karato (aay. bii. emm., 2010). tathapi, companychya vyavasay modella navyane aakar denyasathi pramukh chalak konate aahet? bains, lightfoot aanee keey (2006) yaa teen mukhya ghatakanchi nave detat, jeey companyanna seva kshetranmadhye vistar karnyasathi prerit karatatah aarthik, dhoranatmak aanee vipanan.
aarthik chalak.
aarthik chalak sudharit napha margine aanee sthir utpannamadhye pratibimbit hoto, jeey sevet yete. utpadananchya prastavatil vadhatya kimmatichya spardhet, kampanya gamavalelya sambhavya mahasulachi paratfed karnyasathi sevancha vapar karoo shakatat. jee. eae. chya vahtook vibhagala 1999 teey 2002 darmyan vikalya gelelya locomotiveschya sankhyet 60 takke ghat jhaali, parantu 1996 teey 2002 yaa kalavadhit sevanmadhun milanara mahasool 500 dashalaksh dollarsvaroon 1.5 abj dollarsparyant tippat jhalyamule teey vinashkari tharale nahee. aii. emm. aar. sanshodhan (1999) chya ahavalanusar, kampanya bajaranantarchya sevanmadhun 45 takkyanhun adhik ekoon napha kamavatat, jaree teey mahasulachya keval 24 takke pratinidhitva karatat. heey asehi darshavate qee jee. emm. neey 2001 madhye 9 abj dollarschya vikrinantarchya mahasulatoon, karchya vikritoon vikritoon 150 abj dollarschya utpannapeksha jaast napha kamavala.
tasech, seva puravathyamule utpadanachi hangameeta vadhate aanee guntaguntichya utpadananche jivanchakra vadhate, jyanchi udaharane viman udhyogat disu shakatat, jyamadhye kampanya shuddha utpadan vitarnavar laksh kendrit karane thambavtat parantu dekhbhal aanee itar bajaranantarchya kriyakalapancha parichay karoon denyas suruvat karatat.
dhoranatmak chalak.
dhoranatmak chalak pramukhyane kampanikadoon spardhatmak laabh midvanyavar aanee surakshit karnyavar laksh kendrit karatat. companyla shashvat spardhatmak laabh midavata yava yasathi, tyachi sansadhane maulyavan, durmil, anukaran karane katheen aanee sanghatit asali pahijet. seva hii companysathi tee sadhya karanyachi antim aanee ekmev hummy asoo shakat nahee. tathapi, teey anek puravathadarandvare puravale jaat naslyamule teey maulyavan asalyache disun yete aanee yamule grahakadvare utpadanacha vapar sulabh hoto. utpadakachya utpadanachya karyat adhik changle dnyan aanee anubhav asalyane, anek companyanmadhye grahakanna seva pradan karanyachi kshamata naslyamule tyache anukaran karane dekhil durmil aanee katheen aahe. shivay, seva qamee drishyaman asatat aanee tyasathi adhik shram lagatat, tyamule tyanche anukaran karane adhik katheen tharate. shevati, vastunche utpadan kimmati qamee karat aahe, jyamule companyanna satat navinyapurn upkram karnyas bhag padale jaat aahe. tathapi, utpadanat seva jodalyane grahakansathi tyache moolya vadhate jyamule teey adhik maulyavan banate aanee grahakanchya garjanna adhik tatpuratya paddhatine adhik vaiyaktik paddhatine uttar dett seva vitaran kele jaau shakate mhanoon teey sanukoolit kele jaate.
vipanan aanee vikri chalak.
seva eka velechya vikriaivaji dirghakalin aadharavar puravilya jaat asalyane teey grahakanshi sambandh prasthapit karnyasathi aanee puravathadarala brand tayar karnyas parvanagi denyasathi adhik vel detat. shivay, heey vikri pathkala atirikt utpadan vistar kinwa utpadanache itar purak bhag vadhavanyachi sandhee deuun kharedichya nirnayanvar prabhav taknyas saksham karate. karate udhyogatil sevanchya vadhatya garja grahakankadun yetat aanee tyala sarvatrik navhe tarr sanukoolit upayanchi garaj asate aanee yasathi tyachya kamachi vyapti samajoon ghene aavashyak aahe. asha prakarchya kamasathi donhi bajunchya velechi aanee baithakanchi aavashyakta asate, jyaa darmyan vishvas aanee samajootdarpana vikasit hoto, jyamule pudhe nishtha nirman hote. shevati grahakansobat jawalun kaam karane aanee vegalya drushtikonatun matey asane, puravathadarala udyogabaddal maulyavan antardrushti pradan karate jyamule too adhik grahak-kendrit drushtikonasaha navinyapurn karya karoo shakato.
bajarat jaanyasathi yogya dhoran tayar karane (karyapaddhatichya dhoranashi susangat) haah pii. ess. ess. laa bajarat yashasviritya sadar karnyasathicha mukhya yash ghatak aahe. aahe vipanan aarakhada vishleshan lagoo kele jailah 
kimmat tharvanyacha drushtikon haah purvkalpitpane mahattvacha aahe, joou yashasvi honyasathi grahakanchi pradhanye aanee kimmat sanvedansheelata nirdharit karnyasathi sanyukt vishleshanadvare samarthit ekoon aarthik moolya drushtikon swikarla jaeel. seva karar heey samanyatah jokhim jokhim patalisah nishchit shulk yojananvar aadharit asatatah
grahakankadun puravathadarakade asha jokhaminchi punarsthapana kelyane grahakansathi moolya kase nirman hote aanee kimmat dhoranat tyacha kassa vapar keela jaeel heey tii. vhee. vishleshan olakhel.

