elen bialistock

elen bialistoke, oo. see., eff. aar. ess. see. (janm 1948) heey canadache manasshastradnya aanee pradhyapak aahet. toronto yetheel york vidyapithat tyaa pratishthit sanshodhan pradhyapika aahet, jithe tyaa jivankal aaklan aanee vikas prayogshalechya sanchalak aahet aanee backrest center phaur geriatric kearchya rottman sanshodhan sansthet sahyogi shastradnya dekhil aahet.
teela ph.dii. 1976 madhye torrento vidyapithatun mulanmadhye sandnyanatmak aanee bhasha vikasat visheshikaranasaha.
sadhyache sanshodhan.
bialistockche sadhyache bahutek sanshodhan balpanapasun teey praudhatva aanee vruddhatvaparyant dvibhashiktevar aanee ayushyabhar sandnyanatmak prakriyanvar tyache parinam yavar kendrit aahe. mulanmadhye lekhee aanee maukhik asha donhi swarupat bhasha sampadanachya pailuncha aanee dvibhashavad yaa prakriyanvar kassa parinam karoo shakato yacha dekhil tine abhyas keela aahe. tiche prathamik laksh dvibhashavadavar asale taree, tee sandnyanatmak vikas aanee sandnyanatmak vruddhatvachya samaan ghatkanvar sangeet prashikshanachya parinamachi dekhil tapasani karate.
mulanmadhye dvibhashikta aanee sandnyanatmak vikas.
sandnyanatmak vikasachya kahee pailoonvar, visheshtah ekbhashik vyaktinchya tulanet, dvibhashavadacha lakshaniy parinam jhalyache vividh abhyasanmadhun disun aale aahe. bialistokene yaa kalpanecha adhik tapas keela aahe, sandnyanatmak vikasache konate bhag, visheshtah, dvibhashavadamule prabhavit hotat heey shodhanyacha prayatna keela aahe. ekbhashik mulanchya tulanet dvibhashik mulanchya vikasatmak pragaticha abhyas karat asalyane mulanna sanshodhanachya yaa kshetrat vishesh rus aahe.
karyakari niyantran.
dvibhashavad varanvar sandnyanatmak vikasavar parinam karato asey disun aale asale taree, visheshtah sandnyanatmak vikasachya konatya pailoonvar parinam hoto yavar sanshodhanat qamee laksh kendrit kele gele aahe. bialistoc aanee barak yanni vikasavar dvibhashik parinamanchya vyapakatavishayak abhyasat, bhashik karyanchya maliketil dvibhashikanchya teen gatanchi tulana ekbhashikanchya eka gatashi aanee karya-badal samavisht asalelya eka bigger bhashik, karyakari niyantran karyashi kelee. teen dvibhashik gut teen ghatakannusar bhinn hoteh bolalya bolalya bhashanmadhil samanata, sanskrutik parshvabhoomi aanee shaikshanik anubhavachi bhasha. tinhi dvibhashik gatanni karya-badal karyakari niyantran karyat ekbhashik gatala mage takale, tathapi, ekbhashik gut vagalatana dekhil, teenpaiki konatyahi bhinn ghatakancha karyakari niyantran karyachya kamgirivar lakshaniy parinam jhaala nahee. heey parinam asey suchavatat qee dvibhashavad swatach sandnyanatmak vikasachya ashabdik, karyakari niyantran pailumadhye eka fayda pradan karato.
karyakari niyantranamadhye nivadak laksh/pratibandh, laksh badalane aanee karyarat smrutee yasah teen mukhya ghatak samavisht aahet. eka vegalya abhyasat, bialistockne ekbhashik mulanchya tulanet dvibhashik mulanmadhye karyakari karyachya yaa teen ghatakanchya vikasatil farak aanee tyanantarchya samanvayachi tapasani kelee. mulanchya done gatanni, jeey ektar ekbhashik kinwa dvibhashik hote, eka jatil vargikaran karya purn kele, jyasathi karyakari niyantran karyanchya eka kinwa anek ghatakancha vapar aavashyak hota. heey drushya aanee/kinwa shravan uttejak vaparoon kele gele, jithe eka-paddhat aavruttine ektar drushya kinwa shravan ghatak sadar keela, jyamadhye fakt eka karyakari niyantran ghatakacha vapar aavashyak hota aanee duheri-paddhat aavrutti jee donhi ekatra karate aanee mhanoon anek karyakari niyantran ghatakancha vapar aavashyak hota. eka-paddhat sthitee ekbhashik kinwa dvibhashik ektar lakshaniy bhinn kamgiri baher kadhu shakat nahee, tathapi, duheri paddhat sthiteet jyaa ekadhik ghatak vapar aavashyak aahe, dvibhashik ekbhashik peksha khoop jaast achookata sadar.
dvibhashikanmadhye dvibhashikanmadhye sandnyanatmak vikasachya yaa samanya fayadhyapalikade, visheshtah karyakari niyantranashi sambandhit fayadhyasathi ullekhaneey purave aahet-visheshtah asha prakarananmadhye jethe karya karnyasathi yaa karyakari niyantranache anek ghatak aavashyak aahet. yacha parinam vastavik jagachya paristhitivar hoto, kaaran bahukarya heey eka samanya dainandin karya aahe, jeey dvibhashik kadachit ekbhashikanpeksha adhik changle karoo shakatat.
yaa fayadhyamagil karanababat konatahi nishchit purava gola karnyat aalela nahee. tathapi, asey manale jaate qee dvibhashikanni satat done bhashanmadhye badal karane aavashyak aahe, eka bhashetil yogya shabd nivadane aanee babatit bhashetil spardhatmak mahitikade durlaksh karane, karyakari karyat ekach velee anek ghatak vaparnyacha tyancha adhik sarav aahe. dvibhashik lock tyanchya sampoorn aayushyakalat darroj yaa prakriyetoon jaat asalyane, tyanna ekbhashik vyaktinpeksha fayda hoto, jeey varanvar ekach velee yaa karyasathi bharati karat naheet.
bhasheche visarjan aanee dvibhashikta.
mule samanyatah tyanchya vatavaranadvare aanee tyanchya palkandware tasech tyanchya samajatil itarandvare naisargikaritya bhasha aatmasat karatat. heey samanyatah eka bhashesobat ghadate jee mulachi mool bhasha banate, parantu dvibhashik mulachya babatit babatit bhashesobatahi houu shakate. jaree bahutek dvibhashik mule aayushyachya agadi suruvatipasunach hii dusari bhasha shikoon vadhaleli asali, taree kahee dvibhashik nantar dusari bhasha kinwa bhinn, qamee paramparik madhyamandvare shikatat. bialistoke, hermanto aanee moreno yanni iyatta 2 aanee 5 madheel mulanchya eka gatachi tapasani kelee, jyanna ingraji bhashik samudayachya sandarbhat sakhol french visarjan karyakramat thevanyat aale hote. mulanche shaley shikshan keval french bhashet aayojit kele jaat hote, jyamule tyanchya gharguti vatavaranapasun purnapane vegalya bhasheche shaikshanik vatavaran tayar jhaale jyamadhye keval ingraji (kinwa itar mool bhasha) bolali jaat asey.
ingraji aanee french bhashik aanee dhatubhashiy kaushalyanchya vikasatil mulanchya pragatiche parikshan kele gele, jenekarun tyanchya vikasit honyachya kshamata purnapane dvibhashik mulanchya (jyanni gharee tyanchi dusari bhasha shikali hotee) kshamateshi kitee achookpane julatat aanee sakhol french visarjan tyanchya ingraji bhashechya vikasat adthala aanat hote qee nahee yache moolyankan kele gele. french aanee ingraji yaa donhi bhashanmadhil bhashik aanee dhatuvibhashik kshamatanshi sambandhit karyanchya vishleshanat vividh prakarche namune aadhalale, tyapaiki anek namune purnapane dvibhashik mulanshi julale. asha prakare, yaa visarjan karyakramat sahbhagi honari hii mule keval kharokhar dvibhashik honyasach saksham nasatat, tarr dvibhashavadasaha yenare fayade dekhil midavatat. french bhashecha satat sampark rakhane tasech bhashechya aupcharik sanrachanetil shikshan yaa mulanchya bhashik kaushalyanchya vikasavarach sudharle pahije.
dhvanyatmak jagrukta aanee lavkar vachan.
konatyahi bhashet vachanyas shikanyasathi dhvanyatmak jagrukta hii eka aavashyak purvat aahe. tathapi, jevha done vegvegalya bhasha vachanyas bhasha mulancha, visheshtah vegvegalya lekhan paddhati asalelya mulancha vichar keela jaato, tevha jyaa prakriyedvare mool shevati vachanyas shikate tyaa mulanni keval eka bhashechi lekhan pranali swatach shikanyachya tulanet kahee pramanat bhinn asane aavashyak aahe. bialistoc aanee look yanni ingraji-cantonese dvibhashik mulancha abhyas keela aanee vegvegalya lekhan pranalinsah bhasha bhasha mulanmadhye dhvanyatmak jagrukta aanee lavkar vachan yanchyatil sambandhancha tapas keela. mulanni done chachani satranmadhye bhag ghetala, eka ingrajimadhye aanee eka cantonesemadhye. dhvanishastriy jagrukta aanee shabd olakh (prarambhik vachan) samaan kinwa vegvegalya prakarchya prakriyancha vapar karatat qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi dhvanishastriy jagrukta aanee shabd olakh karyanvyatirikt, chachani satranmadhye karyarat smrutee aanee sandnyanatmak kshamateche moolyankan samavisht hote.
parinamanni prakriyeche done vegvegale prakar dakhavale. dhvanyatmak jagrukta, jee donhi bhashanmadhye drudhpane parasparsambandhit hotee, tee bhasha shikali jaat asali taree eka samaan sandnyanatmak aadhar suchavate. yaulat, shabd olakh, donhi bhashanmadhye sambandhit navhati, jee pratyek vaiyaktik bhasha aanee tyachya vishisht magnyandvare niyantrit vishisht kshamata soochit karate. dvibhashik mule done bhinn lekhan paddhati vachanyas shikat asatana, dhvanyatmak jagrukta hii adhik samanyikrut kshamata asalyache disate jee bhashanmadhye sahajpane hastantarit kelee jaau shakate, tarr shabd olakh (aanee mhanoon vachan) pratyek bhashesathi swatantrapane vikasit karane aavashyak aahe.
ayushyabhar dvibhashikta.
mulanshi sambandhit dvibhashavadache fayade anek abhyasanmadhye tapasale gele aahet aanee tyanchi punaravrutti kelee gelee aahe. hii kalpana pudhe dhakalalyane ashee shakyata nirman hote qee dvibhashikta sampoorn praudhatva aanee sarvasadharanpane vruddhatvadarmyan tikoon rahoo shakate. tyanantar ayushyabhar vruddhatvamule sandnyanatmak fayadhyavar kassa parinam hoto aanee konatya prakare hoto haah prashna udbhavato.
praudhanmadhye sandnyanatmak fayade.
praudh dvibhashikanmadhye purvi charcha kelyapramane dvibhashik fayda lakshat gheta, sharirik menduchya sanrachana aanee majjatantu prakriyebaddal swarasya nirman hote jeey karyakari niyantranachya kahee pailunche niyaman karatat, jase qee pratibandh. bialistoc, look, crack, grady aanee anderson yanni eff. emm. aar. aay. tantradnyanacha vapar hastakshep dadapanyache pratinidhitva chaukashi karyandarmyan, yogya pratisad killi hatane daboon kinwa pratisad pratibandhadvare, jithe sahbhaginna dolhyachya vishisht halchali jaanunbujun rokhavya lagalya, tyaa ekach bhashik aanee dvibhashik tarun praudhanchya sakriy menduchya bhaganche parikshan karnyasathi keela.
pratisad pratibandh sthiteet, ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik yaa doghannihi samaan majjatantu jaale sakriy kele aanee samaan velet karya kele. tathapi, hastakshep dadapshahi chachanyanmadhye, dvibhashikanni ekbhashikanpeksha vegvegalya majjatantu kshetranna sakriy kele aanee karya adhik vegane dekhil kele. ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik yanchyatil majjatantu pratisadatil farak heey keval hastakshep dadapun takane aanee pratisad pratibandh ekmekanpeksha sandnyanatmakdrushtya vegale aahet asey darshavat nahee, tarr dvibhashikta janivpurvak laksh (hatane qee dabane) sambandhit pratibandhachya sandnyanatmak niyantranat fayda pradan karate yaa kalpanela dekhil samarthan dete, parantu adhik tatkal motor pratisadanchya (dolhyanchya halchalinna pratibandh) niyantranasandarbhat tyacha lakshaniy parinam hott nahee asey disate.
vruddhatvache fayade aanee itar parinam.
asey disate qee mulanmadhye disanara dvibhashik fayda sampoorn praudhavasthet tikoon rahoo shakato aanee balkatahi houu shakato. yaa satatchya fayadhyasathi sambhavya spashtikaran asey suchavate qee laksh vedhanyasathi spardha chaukashi done samaan pramukh bhashanche satat vyavasthapan karyakari karyancha vapar adhik vela karate aanee hii kshamata karyakari niyantranachi karye satat vadhavate. shivay, haah fayda aanakhi vistaru shakato aanee kadachit vruddhatva prakriyedvare aanalelya sandnyanatmak niyantranachya naisargik ghasaranila mandavanyas madat karoo shakato.
bialistoc, crack aanee look yanni tarun aanee vruddha donhi ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik praudhanchi vividh karyanvar chachani kelee, jyamadhye kamkajachi smrutee, shabdik punarprapti aanee karyakari niyantranache moolyankan kele gele, jenekarun dvibhashikta sandnyanavar konatya vishisht marganni parinam karate aanee vruddhatva yaa prabhavanmadhye kase badal karoo shakate yacha adhik tapas keela jaau shakato. bhasha gatacha prabhav pratyek karyanusar vegala hota, jithe ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik yaa doghannihi karyarat smrutee karyanvar samaan kamgiri kelee, ekbhashikanni shabdik punarprapti karyanvar dvibhashikanpeksha jaast kamgiri kelee aanee dvibhashikanni karyakari niyantran karyanvar ekbhashikanpeksha jaast kamgiri kelee. pudhil vishleshanatun asey disun aale qee dvibhashikanna, kharey tarr, ekbhashikanchya tulanet bhasheche dnyan qamee hote, tarihi kamkajachya smrutee kshamateshi samaan. tathapi, dvibhashikanni tyanchya ekbhashik samkakshansamor ekoon utkrusht karyakari niyantran karye darshavili. yavyatirikt, karyakari niyantranachi sarvat mothee patali junya dvibhashik gatane sadhya kelee, yaa andajanusar qee sampoorn ayushyabhar dvibhashavad karyakari niyantran karyanchya vayashi sambandhit sambandhit qamee karato-tee karye jee ashabdik swarupachi hotee, kaaran dvibhashik bhashik upayayojananvar ekbhashikanpeksha white karatat.
praudhatvaparyant dvibhashik fayadhyachya satatyapurnatechi tasech dvibhashikta vruddhatvamule karyakari niyantranavar dvibhashavadamule bighadalelya sthitipasun sanrakshn dete yaa kalpanechi chaukashi chaukashi salag teen abhyasanmadhye tarun aanee vruddha ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik praudhanchya gatansah pudhil kaam kele gele. bialistoc, crack, clain aanee viswanathan yanna asey aadhalale qee parinam praudhavasthet dvibhashik fayda suru thevanyache sanket detat aanee eka namuna joou vruddha dvibhashik praudhansathi karyakari prakriyanmadhye vayashi sambandhit ghasaran mandavanyas soochit karato aanee sandnyanatmak karyatil itar sakaratmak parinam soochit karato, jeey dvibhashavadache vyapak fayade suchavatat jeey moolatah gruheet dharale gele hote. 
dvibhashikta aanee smrutibhransh honyachi suruvat.
vruddhatvachi naisargik prakriya menduvar bighadat chalaleli parinam karate aanee samanyatah smrutibhransh kinwa adhik visheshtah alzheimer rogasarkhya hanikarak paristhitinna karanibhoot tharate. dvibhashik laabh joou ekhadya vyaktichya sampoorn aayushyakalat kayam rahato asey disate, tyamule dvibhashavadamule dvibhashavadamule aajivan fayadhyanmule yaa paristhitichi lakshane bharoon kadhali jaau shakatat kinwa aanakhi vilambit houu shakatat heey vajvi aahe.
pandhare dravya aanee menduche rakheev.
jasjase lock mothe hotat, tase asey disun aale aahe qee vruddhatvachi naisargik prakriya jasjashi pudhe jaate tastashi mendutil parinami padarthachi akhandata samanyatah qamee hote, parinami sandnyanatmak karya aanee niyantranat ghat hote. mageel karyane vruddha dvibhashik praudhanmadhye adhik sandnyanatmak kshamata darshavilyamule, asey manale jaate qee aajivan dvibhashikta hii sandnyanatmak ghasaran qamee karoo shakate, parinami yaa vyaktinmadhye parinami padarthachi akhandata aanee sampark adhik pramanat houu shakato aanee tyamule tyanchya ekbhashik samakakshanpeksha adhik sandnyanatmak kshamata.
bialistoc, look, crack aanee grady yanni diffusion tensor imaging (dii. tii. aay.) vaparoon, ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik asha donhi vayaskar praudhanmadhye parinami padarthachya akhandateche praman mojale. parinam andajanshi susangat hote aanee aajivan dvibhashikta aanee sanrakshit parinami padarthachi akhandata yanchyatil eka majboot parasparsambandh darshavtat, jeey shevati yaa dvibhashik vyaktinmadhye vyaktinmadhye menduchya sathyachya uchch staravar yogdan deu shakatat. done spardhatmak bhashanchi dekhbhal aanee vyavasthapanacha satatcha anubhav mendutil kahee sanrachanatmak marg vadhavato aanee majboot karato, parinami parinami padarthanchya jodaniche vyapak jaale tayar hote, jeey nantar naisargik sandnyanatmak ghasaranipasun sanrakshn karnyas madat karate, asey sambhavya spashtikaran dete.
sandnyanatmak rakheev aanee alzheimer rog.
jase dvibhashavad samanya sandnyanatmak bighadanyapasun sanrakshn pradan karato asey disate, asey gruhit dharale gele aahe qee dvibhashavad dekhil alzheimer rogamule (aii. dii.) visheshtah aanalelya lakshanancha prarambh mandavu shakato. asey manale jaate qee dvibhashavad haah sandnyanatmak rakhivatemadhye yogdan denara eka ghatak asoo shakato, jyamule alzheimerchi lakshane suru honyas vilamb honyas madat houu shakate.
bialistoc, crack, fisher, ware aanee schweiser yanni sanganit tomography (seaty) scancha vapar karoon jahiratinche nidan jhalelya ekbhashik aanee dvibhashik asha donhi rugnanmadhye menduchya shoshanache vishleshan aanee mojmap kele, yaa tarkane qee dvibhashik rugnanni, jevha rogachya tivratechya patalivaril ekbhashik rugnanshi julavun ghetale jaate, tevha samanyatah jahirat rugna aanee nirogi lokanmadhye bhedbhav karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya bhagat adhik shosh disun yava, kaaran dvibhashavadadvare aanalelya tyanchya vadhiv sandnyanatmak sathyamule samanyatah tyaa patalishi sambandhit asalelya patalipeksha uchch patalichya karyas anumati milel. parinamanni yaa kalpanela pathimba deela aanee asey aadhalale qee jahirat asalelya dvibhashik rugnanni, kharey tarr, sambandhit kshetranmadhye menduchi ksheenata adhik pramanat darshavili. kshinatechya yaa vadhiv patalinantarhi, dvibhashik gatane tyanchya ekbhashik samakakshanpramanech sandnyanatmak staravar kamgiri kelee. heey parinam yaa gruhitkala samarthan detat qee dvibhashavad sandnyanatmak rakhivatemadhye yogdan denara mhanoon kaam karato aanee alzheimer rogashi sambandhit menduchya kshinatevar aadharit vartanukichya abhivyaktimadhye badal mhanoon kaam karato.
pudhil sanshodhan vareel gruhitkala samarthan dete aanee dvibhashavad jahiratinchya lakshananchi suruvat 4-5 varshanparyant pudhe dhakalu shakato assa dawa karoon tyacha vistar karate. bialistoc, crack aanee friedman yanni sambhavya alzheimer rogache nidan jhalelya dvibhashik aanee ekbhashik rugnankadun, sarvat mahattvache mhanje, sandnyanatmak durbalata suru honyache vay aanee bhashecha itihas aanee kshamata yabaddal mahitee gola kelee. ekbhashikanchya tulanet dvibhashikansathi nidanat 4.3 varshancha vilamb aanee lakshane suru honyat 5.1 varshancha vilamb aadhalun aala. hii mahitee keval sandnyanatmak sathyat yogdan yogdan dvibhashavadachya kalpanela samarthan dett nahee, tarr tyadvare menduchya kshinatechya uchch patalichi bharpai hote, parantu dvibhashavad jahirat lakshananchi suruvat dekhil natyamay 4-5 varshanni pudhe dhakalu shakato.
puraskar aanee manyata.
pustake, vaidnyanik sanshodhan lekh aanee pustak adhyayanchya swarupat tichya prakashananchya vistrut yadimadhye, bialistokne eka pratishthit sanshodhak mhanoon swatache naav kamavale aahe aanee asey karnyat teela barich manyata midali aahe, jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
30 juuna 2016 roji, bialistocala governor general david johnston yanni 'dvibhashavadachya sandnyanatmak fayadhyambaddalachya aamchya samajutisathi aanee tichya kshetrat sanshodhanache naveen marg ughadanyasathi' dilelya yogdanasathi canadachya aurder auph canadache adhikari mhanoon naav dile.

