
zanthos yetheel kabare

zanthos, jyala zanthus dekhil mhanatat, heey nairutya anatoliatil (sadhyache turkey) sthanik lock asalelya lysiansche mukhya shahar rajya hote. zanthos yetheel anek thadgya stambh thadgya aahet, jyaa eka mothya dagadi stambhachya varchya dagadatil daphan kakshane tayar kelya aahet. dagadanchya sanrachanechya shirshasthani shareer thewale jaeel, jyamule teey bhupradeshachya varr unchavale jaeel. yaa kabari tyaa purushansathi aahet jyanni isavi sunpoorv 6vya shatkachya madhyapasoon teey isavi sunpoorv 4thya shatkachya madhyapasoon lysian rajvanshavar rajya kele aanee yaa pradeshatil tyanchya shaktichi satatyata darshavanyas madat kelee. shasakanchi aathvan japanyasathi yaa kabari keval smarkikaranacha eka prakar mhanoon kaam karat naheet, tarr tyaa greek shailichya sajavaticha avalamb dekhil prakat karatat.
zanthos heey eka rajachya adhipatyakhalil eka achemanid samrajyachya governorchya adhipatyakhalil pramukh shahar rajya hote. khamb thadgya bandhanyachya paramparedvare zanthosemadhil rajvansh rajvatichi satatyata darshavili gelee. jevha yaa kabari banavanyat aalya, tevha kalechya pramukh pracheen greek kalpana lysian pratimanmadhye pasarlya. ii. sha. puu. 4thya shatkachya dusya timahipasoon (ii. sha. puu. 1) eae. aar. aii. madhye greek prabhavachya punarujjivanantar, thadgya sthanik paramparepasun door gelya aanee khambdar greek mandiranchya agrabhaganche pradarshan karnyas suruvat jhaali.
surr charles phelo yaa ingraj vyaktine anek kabari khodalya, jyanni levent aanee ashiya minormadhye utkhanan kele aanee ii. sha. 1848 madhye british sangrahalayat nenyat aalya.
smarak stambh thadge.
sinhacha khamb.
unch korivkamatil mothya sinhamule naav dilela sinh stambh, zanthoschya acropolischya poorves sthit hota aanee tyachya bhovati unch ubha aahe. dagadi chhati pandhya chunkhadichi aahe, jee sharirala basel ashee koraleli aahe. hii kabar ii. sha. puu. sahavya shatkachya suruvatichya aanee madhyavadhichya darmyan tayar karnyat aalee hotee asey manale jaate. tokavaril uchch koreev shilp aanee chhatichya madhyabhagi asalelya qamee koreev shilpamadhye virodhabhas nirman hoto. chhatichya paschim bajus asalelya manvi swarupachya chitranandware ughad kelyapramane, chitrafitiche tapasheel soochit karatat qee karagir greek hote. sinhala eka manus dharoon thevato, jyache shareer fakt rekhatale jaateh nagna aanee kahee paribhashit vakransah. tyache puratan smit aanee kulupanmadhye padnare cases heey eka majboot pracheen greek shailiche sanket aahet.
chhatichya samoril dakshin bajula unch korivkamat koralelya eka sinhachya aakruti aahe. sinh davikade tond karoon aahe, tyache shareer khandachya shevati aahe. sinhane pitil kelele bail yanche lahan doke tyachya panjanchya darmyan asate. bailachya khalee eka falak hote, jyavarcha shilalekh fikat jhaala aahe. smarakachya uttar bajula sinhanchi adhik pratima aahe, lahan mulanchi kalji ghenyachya sthiteet, kaaran eka sinh tichya pillanshi sanvad sadhato. yaa korivkamat vaparlele korivkam tantra heey chitrafitichya dakshin bajula vaparlya jaananya korivkamasarkhech aahe, jyat reshechya vaparane rekhatalelya swarupache tapasheel aanee ruparesha aahe. purvekadil sinh adhik patal disato.
smarakachya purvekadil bajula, rachana nondinmadhye vibhagali gelee aahe, khalcha ardha bhag sushobhit nahee aanee varchya ardhya bhagat bahudha qamee aaramdayi chitrafit aahe. tathapi, varchya chaukatichi sampoorn lambi adnyat aahe kaaran tyacha kahee bhag tutala aahe, jyamule pratimanmadhun midavata yenari mahitee maryadit jhaali aahe. smarakachya purvekadil davya bajula, qamee korivkamatil lashkari drushye dhaal, corinthian shirastran aanee shastrasah sainikanche chitran karatat. chaukatichya ujavya bajula eka ghodeswar aahe, jyane eka lahan poshakh aanee shirastran paridhan kele aahe, tyachyasobat eka paricharak aahe jyane eka chitan, greek shailiche angvastra aanee bhala dharan keela aahe.
smarakat vaparlya gelelya adviteey pratimashastrala khoop vidvattapoorn laksh midale aahe. thadgyachya malakachi vaidhata tasech achemenids tyacha sambandh vyakt karane haah tyacha uddesh hota. pracheen stambh thadge, jeey lysia yaa vastushastriy shailiche sarvat june udaharan aahe, teey tyachya lysian moolakade nirdesh karate. seyarne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee malak bahudha eka lysian hota jyache udghatan achemenidschya netrutvakhalil pahila sthanik shasak mhanoon jhaale.
harpy thadge.
akropolisavar sthit asaleli harpy thadgi bahudha tayar karnyat aalee asavi. sajavat greek puratan shailit kelee jaate.
kabarichya pratimashastracha arth kalantarane vikasit jhaala aahe. suruvatila, asey manale jaat hote qee chaukativaril pankhanchya mahilanni lysian rajgharanyala kelelya hinsacharabaddalachya mithakacha sandarbh deela aahe. tyanantar, asey gruheet dharale gele qee thadge greek karagir aanee kamgaranni tayar kele asalyamule, pratima, sanrachanechya antyavidhichya vaparavar bharr denyasathi pratimashastra vaparoon, adholokatil eka drushyacha sandarbh detat. yaa velee tayar jhalelya greesmadheel mukhya bhoomivaril kabarinmadhye darshavilyapramane devanchya aakrutya samavisht navhatya, mhanoon tisra siddhant vikasit karnyat aala. tisra siddhant assa aahe qee pratimebhovati chitrit kelelya aakrutyanchya anek pidhya heey thadgyat puralelya vyaktinchya bhovati kendrit asalelya virpujeche sanket aahet.
koralela khamb.
zanthoscha koralela stambh, jyala zanthian obelisk asehi mhanatat, too tayar karnyat aala hota. zanthos yetheel itar khambanchya kabarinpramanech, koralelya khambane varchya manchala aadhar deela hota, jyachya baherchya bajula eka kholichi kabar hotee, jee chitrafitanni sajavaleli hotee. rahivasi, eka zanthian raja, yachee moorti shirshasthani thevanyat aalee hotee. yaa chitrafitimadhye rajachya jivanatil shikar aanee yuddh drushyansah drushye chitrit kelee gelee hotee. pracheen kalatil bhookampachya kriyakalapanmule kholichi kabar kosalali asanyachi shakyata aahe.
greek bhashet lihilelya shilalekhanchya nirmatyambaddal aanee done vegvegalya prakarchya lysian shilalekhambaddal vidvananni andaj vartavala aahe. greek shilalekh haah smarakache samarpan aahe, bahudha 12 greek devatanna, aanee lysiamadhye dnyat asalela sarvat juna greek shilalekh aahe. lysian buub madheel shilalekh adyap purnapane ulgadalele naheet, parantu stambhavar koralelya lysian aaa madheel shilalekhanche bhashantar karnyat aale aahe. koralelya stambhacha nirmata adnyat aahe, kaaran lysian shilalekhat tyaa vyaktiche naav tayar karnari anek akshare gahal aahet.
itar smarke.
nered smarak.
greek nered smarak heey samoril stambhanmadhil teen mahilanchya navavarun thevalele eka thadge aahe. teey ionic kramane bandhale gele hote aanee tyache swaroop ionic mandirasarkhe disate. bandhaleli, antyasanskrutichi vastukala pracheen greesmadheel uttaradhat vikasit jhalelya dharmik vastukaleshi samantar aahe. yaa smarakacha pradeshik vastukalevar thet prabhav padala, jyat pracheen jagatil saat aashcharyanpaiki eka asalelya halicarnasus yetheel samadhicha samavesh aahe.
tee jee imarat aanee tyavar visavaleli manchika, tee koreev shilpane jhakaleli aahe. chitrit kelelya striyanna ektar nereds mhanoon olakhale gele aahe, kaaran tyaa greekanna disu lagalya asateel kinwa sthanik lysian panthacha bhag asalelya panyachya apsara mhanoon olakhalya gelya asateel. smarakat asaleli 'sankarit pratimashastra' anek arth lavnyas anumati dete. kabar asoonahi, yaa smarkatil sattechi abhivyakti hii eka vyapak sankalpana aahe. khambanchya kabarinchya rajvansh paramparetil bhavya aakar aanee sthan heey zanthian rajvanshacha raja erbinna yachya satteche srot vyakt karnyas madat karate, jyala aat daphan karnyat aale hote. yaa smarakat tyachya samarthyache asankhya sandarbh aahet, kaaran chitrafitanmadhye darbar aanee ladhai yaa donhi drushyanche chitran aahe. manchavar, pratimashastra mishra aahe, talachya done chitrafitivar aanee ii. sha. puu. 8vya teey 7vya shatkatil greek pratimashastra vaparale aahe. varchya done koreev kamanvar sattechi assyrian pratima. munch, vastukale aanee aateel majlyavaril pratyek sanchamadhye rajkiy jeevan aanee karamanukichi drushye, tasech nagri aanee dharmik kartavye dakhavanyat aalee aahet.
atirikt thadge.
zanthos yethe itar kabare upasthit hotee. tyat "kustipatuncha stambh", "natya stambh", "acropolis stambh" aanee "payavachi kabar" yancha samavesh aahe.
shailigat prabhav.
zanthos yetheel kabarinni tyanche swaroop aanee sajavat anek vegvegalya strotanmadhun midavali. khamb thadgyache swaroop eka vishishtapane liseyan sthapatya shailiche hote, parantu liseyan, greek aanee pertian shaili aanee pratimachitra heey koreev shilpamadhye spasht disun yetat. lysian lokanni tyanchya koreev shilpamadhye pramukhyane uttaradhatil shastriy greek sankalpana vaparlya.
kabari shastriy kalatil uttaradhat anatoliatil greek prabhavachi pushti karatat, jyamadhye tathakathit "purv greek" shailicha vapar keela gela hota. udaharananmadhye nered smarkavaril koreev shilp aanee sinhachya thadgyavaril greek puratan shailitil shikari aanee sinhanche chitran yancha samavesh aahe. puratan shaili gridmadhye, pramanbaddh parantu sthir swarupanchya chitranat prakat jhaali.
lysian ogival thadgyacha aakar cydonchya 'lysian' shavpetisathi swikarla gela, joou finiciachya (aadhunik lebnon) rajacha thadga hota, joou ionian kalakaranni sumare 430-420 eesa purv bandhala hota.
bharatiy sthapatyashastriy samanata.
payava aanee itar liseyan nalee-kavach asalelya kabarinchya thadgyachi bharatiy chaitya sthapatyakaleshi (barabar lenyanchya gatatil lomas hrishee lenyanpasun suruvat) samanata namood kelee gelee aahe. james fergueson yanni tippani kelee aahe qee, "bharatat, junya bauddha mandiranche swaroop aanee bandhkam heey lysia yetheel yaa udaharananshi itake eksarkhe disate".
ii. sha. puu. 4thya shatkat bandhanyat aalelya lysian thadgyanmadhye, lakadi sanrachananche anukaran karnyasathi dagadat koraleli sthapatya vaishishtye asalelya, unch payathyashi thevalelya mukt-ubhe kinwa khadakat koralelya nalee-kavach asalelya shavpeti aahet. shavpetivar koralelya koreev kamanmadhye greek aanee pertian yaa donhi goshtincha prabhav disun yeto. chaitya-prakarchya bharatiy bauddha mandiranchya rachneshi samya, jase qee "chhapparanche samaan tokdar swaroop, eka parvatshrenisaha", bharatiy guha mandiranmadhye pudhe vikasit kele gele aahe. ferguesonne achemanid samrajyamadhye sanskrutik hastantaranache kahee prakar suchavale. chaityansathichya dnyat bharatiy rachana zanthoschya kabarinpasoon suru hotat aanee kiman eka shatkaparyant tyaa nantarchya aahet.
qalaa itihaskar david napierne eka ulat sambandh prastavit keela aahe, assa dawa karat qee payava thadgi hii pracheen dakshin ashiyai shailichi vanshaj hotee aanee payava pratyakshat pallava navacha eka greek-bharatiy asava.