
aathvan chachani

sandnyanatmak manasshastrat, smaran chachani hii manachya smrutichi chachani aahe jyamadhye sahbhaginna uttejan dile jaate aanee nantar, vilambanantar, shakya titkya uttejana lakshat thevanyas sangitale jaate. sahbhaginna kitee uttejak goshti aathavu shakalya heey mojoon smrutichi kamgiri darshavili jaau shakate. yache eka udaharan mhanje 10 shabdanchya yadicha abhyas karane aanee nantar tyapaiki 5 shabdanchi aathvan karoon dene. hii 50 takke aathvan aahe. smrutitoon vastoo jyaa prakare parat bolavalya jaat aahet tyat ekhada namuna aahe qaa heey nirdharit karnyasathi sahbhaginchya pratisadanche vishleshan dekhil kele jaau shakate. udaharanarth, jarr sahbhaginna bhajyanche prakar aanee falanche prakar asaleli yadee dilee gelee, tarr tyanni bhajya aanee fale ekatra gatbaddh kelee qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi tyanchya parat yenyache moolyankan kele jaau shakate. jevha ekhadya vyaktila highschoolmadhun padvi midvane, kinwa tyanni shikalelya tathyanchi aathvan karoon dene, udaharanarth floridachi rajdhani yasarkhya jivanatil ghatananchi aathvan karnyas sangitale jaate, tevha dekhil aathvanincha samavesh hoto.
ricaul" mojane heey "olakh" mojanyashi virodhabhas aahe, jyamadhye lokanna purvi naan pahilelya kinwa naan aikalelya itar anek vastunmadhun purvi pahileli kinwa aikalelee vastoo nivadanyas sangitale jaate, jee udaharanarth, eka vishisht bahuparyayi prashna parikshedarmyan udbhavate.
aathvaninche prakar.
mofat smaran chachani.
mukt smaran hii sarvat samanyapane vaparlya jaanarya smaran chachanyanpaiki eka aahe. vinamulya smaran chachanyanmadhye sahbhaginna shabdanchya yadicha abhyas karnyas sangitale jaate aanee nantar teey shabd jyaa kramane teey aathvayala nivadatat tyaa kramane teey aathavanyas sangitale jaate. sahbhaginni aathvayache asalele shabd samanyatah eka velee aanee alp kalavadhisathi sadar kele jaatat. antim vastoo parat pathavalyanantar lagechach shabdanchi aathvan suru hote. vastoo ektar maukhik kinwa lekhee yaditoon soochibaddha kelya jaau shakatat. vastoo tatkal parat bolavane (tatkal mofat parat bolavane) haah vinamulya coll chachanyancha sarvat samanya prakar aahe, parantu vastoo parat bolavanyas vilamb houu shakato (vilambit vinamulya parat bolavane). twarit mukt punarprapti aanee vilambit mukt punarprapti yaa donhicha vapar punaravrutti aanee pradhanya prabhavanchi chachani ghenyasathi keela gela aahe. soochitoon mage ghetalelya vastunchi sankhya mojanyasathi bahutek vela muktapane parat bolavanyacha vapar keela jaato. murdockney anukramik sthitee prabhavanvaril prayogat 103 sahbhaginchya sahaa gatancha vapar keela. pratyek gatala yadichi lambi aanee sadarikaran darr yanche vegvegale sanyojan denyat aale hote. teen gatanna daha, pandhra aanee vees shabdanchya yadya dakhavanyat aalya, jyaa prati shabd done sekandanchya sadarikaran darasah hotya. itar teen gatanna pratyek shabdasathi eka sekand sadarikaran darasah vees, tees aanee chalis shabdanchya yadya dakhavanyat aalya. yadruchchikpane nivadalele samanya ingraji shabd samavisht asalelya ekoon ainshi yadya hotya. pratyek yadee sadar kelyanantar, vishayanna konatyahi kramane shakya titke shabd parat bolavanyas sangitale gele. prayogacha parinamanmadhun asey disun aale qee serve gatanni pradhanyache parinam aanee punaravruttiche parinam donhi vyakt kele. yadichi lambi kitihi asali taree punaravrutti prabhav pradarshit kele gele aanee shevatchya aath anukramik sthananmadhil shabdansathi teey sarvat majboot hote. pratham shreni prabhav pahilya chaar anukramik sthananvar vistarla. syrial recaul pratiman haah vinamulya recaulcha eka prakar aahe jithe sahbhaginna tyanna sadar kelelya vastunchi yadee yogya kramane sadar karavi lagate. sanshodhan asey darshavite qee, pratyek chachaninusar, anukramik smaranasathi shikanyachi vakrata reshiyaritya vadhate. bruno, miller aanee zimmerman (1955) yaa prayogat, kramik smaran shikshan vakr reshiyaritya qaa vadhate heey jaanun ghenyasathi chachani kelee gelee. hii resheey vaadh hii sahbhagi vastoo jyaa kramane pahato tyacha parinam aahe qaa, kinwa tyaeivaji tee tyaa kramanusar avalambun aahe qaa jyane sahbhagila vastoo parat bolavanyas sangitale aahe heey pahanyasathi teey chachani ghet hote. abhyasat teen vegvegalya atincha samavesh hotah anukramik parat bolavane, pratyek chachanipurvi yadruchchikpane parat bolavalya jaananya vastoonsah vinamulya parat bolavane aanee vastoonchya kramanusar vinamulya parat bolavane. yaa prayogat nauu mahavidhyalayin vidyarthyanchi 18 shabdanchya malikanvar chachani ghenyat aalee. resheey anukramik smaran shikshan vakravyatirikt, asey aadhalun aale qee jevha smaran mukt asate tevha anukramik asate tyapeksha adhik shabd visarale jaatat. yaa abhyasane yaa kalpanela dekhil samarthan dile qee, parat bolavanyachya prakaranmadhil farak haah vidyarthyane jyaa kramane vastoo lakshat thevalya pahijet tyavar avalambun asato, vastoo jyaa kramane sadar kelya jaatat tyavar nahee.
cude ricaul chachani.
cude ricaul chachani hii smrutee chachanichi eka prakriya aahe jyamadhye sahbhagi vyaktila purvi anubhavalelya uttejananchi aathvan karoon denyat madat karnyasathi shabd kinwa vakye yasarkhe sanket sadar kele jaatat. endell toolving aanee zena pearlstone (1966) yanni eka prayog keela jyamadhye tyanni sahbhaginna lakshat thevnyasarkhya shabdanchi yadee sadar kelee. heey shabd pakshi (parve, chimani), furniture (khurchi, dresser) aanee vyavasay (abhiyanta, vakeel) yasarkhya vishisht shreninmadhil hote. mool yadeet yaa shreni spasht kelya gelya naheet. mukt ricaul gatatil sahbhaginna yaditoon tyanna jitke shabd aathavat asateel titke shabd lihinyas sangitale gele. cude ricaul gatatil sahbhaginna dekhil shabd aathavanyas sangitale gele hote, parantu yaa gatala "pakshi", "furniture" aanee "vyavasay" yaa shreninchi nave denyat aalee hotee. tooling aanee pearlstonechya prayogache parinam darshavtat qee punarpraptiche sanket smaranshaktila madat karatat. mukt smaran gatatil sahbhaginni 40 takke shabd mage ghetale, tarr cude smaran gatatil sahbhaginni 75 takke shabd mage ghetale.
smaranshaktivar parinam karnare ghatak.
encodingchi vishishtata.
encoding vishishtata' chey tattva asey sangate qee aapan mahitila tyachya sandarbhasah encode karato. jyaa sanketanmadhun mahitee encode kelee gelee hotee aanee jyaa vatavaranat tee punarprapt kelee jaat aahe tyaa sanketancha memory vapar karate. encodingchi vishishtata darshavnara eka prayog dii. yanni keela. aar. godden aanee alaan baddelly (1975) tyanchya 'diving prayog' madhye. yaa prayogadarmyan, sahbhaginchya eka gatane panyakhalil shabdanchya yadicha abhyas keela tarr sahbhaginchya dusya gatane jaminivaril shabdanchya samaan yadicha abhyas keela. tyanantar yaa gatanchi vibhagani karnyat aalee, tyamule jameen aanee jaal gatatil ardhyahun adhik sahbhaginchi jaminivar parat bolavanyasathi chachani ghenyat aalee aanee ardhyahun adhik lokanchi panyakhali chachani karnyat aalee. jevha punarprapticha sandarbh encodingchya sandarbhabarobar julato, udaharanarth panyakhali abhyas keela aanee panyakhali chachani kelee gelee tevha sahbhaginni adhik changle smaran darshavile.
rajya-aadharit shikshan.
encoding aanee punarpraptichya attinshi julavun ghetalyane smrutivar kassa parinam houu shakato yache heey aanakhi eka udaharan aahe. "rajya-aadharit shikshan" heey ekhadya vishisht "antargat sthitee" shhee sambandhit aahe, jase qee manahsthiti kinwa jagruktechi sthitee. rajya-aadharit shikshanachya tattvanusar, jevha punarpraptidarmyan ekhadya vyaktichi antargat sthitee encoding darmyan tyachya kinwa tichya antargat sthitishi julate tevha smaranshakti adhik changli hoil. encoding aanee punarpraptishi julavun ghenyachya done marganmadhye bhautik paristhitishi julavun ghene (encoding vishishtata) kinwa antargat bhavna (rajya-aadharit shikshan) yancha samavesh hoto.
hastantaran-yogya prakriya.
hastantaran-yogya prakriya (tapp) darshavate qee mahitee changlya prakare lakshat thevanyachi aapali kshamata keval aapan tee kitee kholvar shikato yavar avalambun nahee. heey darshavate qee aapan mahitee kashee jodato aanee itar encoded aathvaninshi sambandh kase nirman karato heey mahitee lakshat thevanyas saksham honyasathi mahatvache aahe. yojana aanee kutas (2007) yanni eka prayog keela jyamadhye tyanni pushti kelee qee jevha aapan paristhitishi julavun gheto tevha aathvaninche smaran karane sarvottam asate. tyanna aadhalale qee jevha shikaleli gosht ektrit kelee jaate aanee jeey sensory mahitee sangat aahe tyachyashi jodaleli asate, tevha lakshaniyaritya adhik smrutee lakshat yeu shakate aanee sahakanyanni tapver tera prayog kele aanee asey aadhalale qee jevha shikanyachi paristhiti punarprapti paristhitishi julate tevha smrutee sarvottamaritya vadhate.
prakriya siddhantache star.
prakriya siddhantachya patalimagil kalpana ashee aahe qee prakriyechi kholee tumhi shikat asalelya mahitila kitee changlya prakare encode karate yavar parinam karate. crack aanee toolving yanni 1975 madhye eka abhyas keela, jyamadhye sahbhaginna pratyek shabdala teen prashna asalelya 60 shabdanchi yadee sadar karnyat aalee. tyanna yaa shabdacha vichar karanyachi garaj bhasanyapasun teey tyanni jeey pahile teey fakt lakshat thevanyaparyant prashna vegvegale hote. crack aanee toolingne shodhale qee jyaa shabdanvar sakhol prakriya karane aavashyak aahe teey shabd sarvat changle lakshat thewale jaatat. crack aanee toolingla asehi aadhalale qee uttejana jitaki adhik parichit aahe titaki mahitee lakshat yete. yache kaaran mhanje jevha ekhadi uttejana sadar kelee jaate tevha tyache encode kelelya aathvaninshi aadhich anek sambandh aahet. encoded aathvaninshi asalele heey sambandh sadar kelya jaananya uttejananchi smrutee majboot karatat. prakriya siddhantachi patali aanakhi pudhe jaaun heey darshavate qee jevha teey moolatah aaplyasamor sadar kelya gelelya paddhatinusar lakshat thevanyas sangitale jaate tevha parat bolavane vadhate.
sandarbh.
2. goldstein, eae.buub. (2015). sandnyanatmak manasshastrah munn, sanshodhan aanee dainandin anubhav jodane. (chauthi aavrutti) standford, cth sengage learning