
patrakaritechi naitikta aanee manke

patrakaritechi naitikta aanee mankanmadhye naitikatechi tattve aanee patrakaranna lagoo honanya changlya prathecha samavesh hoto. prasarmadhyamanchya naitikatecha haah upasanch patrakaritechi vyavsayik "aachar sanhita" aanee "patrakariteche niyam" mhanoon olakhala jaato. vyavsayik patrakarita sanghatana aanee vaiyaktik mudran, prasaran aanee online vruttasansthanchya vidhananmadhye samanyatah moolbhut sanhita aanee niyam disatat.
jagbharat patrakaritechya kamacha samavesh karnare sumare 400 sanket aahet. jaree vividh sanhita tyanchya majkurachya tapashilat bhinn asoo shakatat aanee vegvegalya sanskrutik paramparanmadhun yetat, parantu bahutek satyanishtha, achookata aanee vastusthiti-aadharit sampreshan, swatantrya, vastunishthata, nihpakshapatipana, nishpakshata, itarancha aadar aanee sarvajanik uttardayitva yasah samaan ghatak samayik karatat, kaaran heey lokanparyant batmyans patra asalelya mahitichya sankalanasathi, sampadanasathi aanee prasarasathi lagoo hotat.
anek vyapak naitik pranalinpramanech, patrakaritechya naitiktet 'hanichi maryada' yaa tattvacha samavesh aahe. yamadhye asurakshit gatancha aadar vadhavane aanee alpavayin mulanchi nave, gunhe piditanchi nave kinwa vrutt ahavalashi bhautikdrushtya sambandhit nasaleli mahitee, udaharanarth, ashee mahitee prasiddha kelyane aekhadyachya pratishthela haanee pohochu shakate kinwa tyanna anuchit jokhim patkaru shakate, asha ahavalanmadhun kahee tapasheel rokhane samavisht asoo shakate. aatmahatya aanee mansik aarogyachya yogya ahavalabaddal, visheshtah shabdasha vartanukichya sandarbhat patrakarita samudayamadhye charcha aanee vadavivad dekhil jhaala aahe.
kahee patrakaritechya naitikatechya sanhitanmadhye, visheshtah kahee european sanhitanmadhye, vansh, dharm, laingik abhimukhata aanee sharirik kinwa mansik apangatva yavar aadharit batmyanmadhil bhedbhavpurn sandarbhancha dekhil samavesh aahe. europe parishadechya sansadiy sabhene patrakaritechya naitiktevaril (1993 madhye) tharav 1003 manjur keela, jyamadhye patrakaranni nirdoshatechya gruhitkala aadar dyava, visheshtah ajunahi "nyayalayin" asalelya prakarananmadhye ashee shifaras kelee aahe.
patrakaritechya sanhitanchi utkranti aanee uddesh.
aadhunik patrakarita 400 varshanpurviparyant gelee asali taree 1900 chya dashakat kahee drushtikonatun patrakarita hii adhik aavashyak bunley. serve kshetranpramanech pragati hii satat vikas aanee bhavee pidhyansathi changlya jagasathichya prayatnandarmyan ghadanari eka naisargik prakriya aahe. vartamanpatre janatesathi 'nihpakshapati' mahitee sadar karnyachya aadarshasah karya karatat. patrakarita, prasarmadhyame aanee sampoorn samajachi satat utkranti yacha arth assa aahe qee tyaa aadarshala anusaratana patrakaritela aavhanancha samna karava lagel aanee sampadakiy baithakanmadhye aanee sampadak aanee patrakaranmadhil varanvarchya charchemadhye mahitiche nihpakshapati sadarikaran haah eka satatcha vishay asala pahije. aajchya patrakaritechya utkrantimadhye mahiticha prasar karane mhanje vrutt kaksh keval tyanchya swatachya vyavharyatesathich navhe tarr pradan kelelya mahitivar avalambun asalelya lokansathi yogya asale pahijet. patrakarita haah eka seva vyavasay aahe, jyacha uddesh janatela satyane saksham karane haah aahe. yaa vyavasayat eka avishvasaniy jababdari aahe aanee jee konatyahi prakashkane, sampadakane kinwa patrakarane kadhihi halkyat gheu naye.
pratyek desh swatache adviteey pailu sadar karato aanee aaj patrakarita sanhiteshi sambandhit asalelya sanhiteparyant kadhikadhi aavhane mandato. "satya", "achookata" aanee "vastunishthata" heey patrakaritechya naitikateche aadharstambh aahet. patrakaranni pradesh, gut aanee agadi teey rahana deshanpasun kinwa kahee pramanat swatahla vegale karnyacha prayatna keela pahije. prabhavit pakshapat rokhanyasathi tyaa vegalepanas parvanagi dene tyanchya patrakaritechya likhanat eka bhoomika bajavate. aaj anek patrakar yaa sapalachya pokalila balee padatat aanee ekada teey padale qee teey jithe aahet tithe adaktat.
kahee desh keval vishisht sandarbhatil vishisht mahitich thevanyas pradhanya detat. islami deshanmadhye patrakarita hii keval islamsathi sakaratmak asalyache nishchit kele jaate, ashee shanka vadhat aahe, jyamule islam swatach tyachya lokanni vishvas thewala pahije asey ekmev satya mhanoon prerit hote.
practices code.
america aanee european deshantil patrakaranni hii manke tayar karnyache aanee tyancha sweekar karnyache netrutva kele asale taree, asha sanhita vruttapatrachya swatantryasaha bahutek deshantil vruttasansthanmadhye aadhalu shakatat. lekhee sanhita aanee vyavharik manke deshanusar aanee sansthenusar sansthenusar kahee pramanat badaltat, parantu mukhya pravahatil prakashne aanee sanstha yanchyat lakshaniy parasparsambandh aahet. aantarrashtriy patrakar mahasanghane (aay. eff. jeey.) 2008 madhye vyavsayik sansthanmadhye yaa samasyambaddal jagrukta vadhavinyachya uddeshane jaagtik naitik patrakarita upkram suru keela. 2013 madhye ifjeche majee sarchitanis eden white yanni naitik patrakarita jaalyachi sthapana kelee. aantarrashtriy aanee pradeshik madhyam sanghatana aanee patrakaritechi hii yutee madhyamanchya serve manchanvar naitikta, sushasana aanee svayamniyamanasathichya mohimanna samarthan dete.
yuu madheel aaghadichya aavajanpaiki eka.ess. patrakaritechi manke aanee naitikta yaa vishayavaril vyavsayik patrakarancha samaj aahe. tyachya aacharsanhitechi prastavna sangate keeh
[p] udatt dnyan heey nyayache agradoot aanee lokshahicha paya aahe. satya shodhane aanee ghatana aanee samasyancha nishpaksh aanee sarvasamaveshak ahwal pradan karoon tyaa uddishtanna pudhe nene heey patrakarache kartavya aahe. serve madhyame aanee vishesh kshetratil kartvyanishth patrakar sakholpane aanee pramanikpane janatechi seva karnyacha prayatna karatat. vyavsayik sachoti haah patrakarachya vishvasarhatecha paya asato.
redio television digital news association, hii keval electronic patrakaritevar kendrit asaleli sanstha aahe, jichi naitik sanhita sarvajanik vishvas, satyanishtha, nishpakshata, akhandata, swatantrya aanee jababdarivar kendrit aahe.
samanya ghatak.
patrakaritechi manke aanee naitikatechya bahutek sanhitanmadhye samanya asalele prathamik vishay khalilpramane aahet.
haanee maryada tattva.
ekhadya kamachya samanya kalavadhit, patrakar nyay midvinyasathi tathye aanee tapasheel gola karane, mulakhati ghene, sanshodhan aanee parshvabhoomi tapasane, chhayachitre kadhane aanee dhwanimudran karane yabaddal jaau shakato. hanichi maryada hii shikalelya pratyek goshtichi nond kelee jaavi qee nahee aanee tase asalyas, kashee yaa prashnanshi sambandhit aahe. yaa maryadechya tattvacha arth assa aahe qee, purn prakatikaranachya nakaratmak parinamanna kahee pramanat mahatva dene aavashyak aahe, jyamule vyavharik aanee naitik duvidha nirman hote. vyavsayik patrakaranchi aachar sanhita khaleel sallah dete, joou bahutek vyavsayik patrakaranchya vyavharik kalpanancha pratinidhi aahe. thet uddhrut karaneh
swayamniyaman.
naitikatechya sanhitanvyatirikt, anek vrutt sanstha antargat lokpal rakhatat, jyachi bhoomika, kahee pramanat, vrutt sansthanna pramanik aanee janatela jababdar thevane hii asate. antargat kinwa bahya dabavamule udbhavananya sangharshanmadhye madhyasthi karane, vruttannusar lokansamor jababdari rakhane, aatm-teeka vadhavane aanee sanhitabaddha aanee sanhitahin naitikta aanee manke yaa donhinche palan karnyas protsahit karane haah lokpalancha uddesh aahe. jaree sarvajanik sampadak vachkanshi sampark sadhanyache kaam karatat aanee samanyatah vrutt lokpalanchya sanstheche sadasya hott naheet, taree heey padd sarvajanik sampadkapramanech kinwa tyachyasarkhe asoo shakate.
eka paryay mhanje eka vrutt parishad, eka udyog-vyapi swayam-niyaman sanstha, jase qee brittonchi vruttapatre aanee niyatkalikanni sthapan kelelya vruttpatra takrar aayogachi. ashee sanstha baryapaiki susangat manke lagoo karnyas aanee jaast pramanat takrarinna samore jaanyas saksham aahe parantu daat nasaleli asalyachya tikepasoon kadachit sutu shakat nahee.
vyavharatil naitikta aanee manke.
aadhunik vruttankanatil sarvat vadgrast muddyanpaiki eka mhanje prasarmadhyamancha purvagrah, visheshtah rajkiy muddyanvar, parantu sanskrutik aanee itar muddyambabatahi. dusra muddah mhanje checkbook patrakaritecha vadgrast muddah, joou vrutt patrakaranna tyanchya mahitisathi srot deuun paise denyachi pratha aahe. yuu madhye.ess. bahutek mukhya pravahatil vruttapatre aanee vruttachitranche dhoran pratibandhit karat asalyane, samanyatah teey anaitik manale jaate. darmyan, khalbaljanaktevar adhik avalambun asaleli vruttapatrapatre aanee vruttpatra durdarshan karyakram niyamitpane yaa saravat guntalele asatat.
batmyanchya ahavalanchi sankshiptata aanee dhvanimudrananchya vaparamule satyakade nishtha qamee jhaali aahe aanee sarvajanik samajutisathi aavashyak sandarbh nasnyamadhye yogdan deu shakate, yaa kahee vyapak chinta dekhil aahet, kaaran prasarmadhyame badalat aahet. vruttavyavasthecha uday haah vyavasayachya baheroon, vrutt madhyamanmadhye janivpurvak heraferi honyachi kharee shakyata nirman karato. nivadak ahwal (spiking, duheri manke) heey samanyatah vruttapatranviruddha aarop kele jaatat.
chukichi mahitee olakhanyacha prayatna.
prastavit krutee yojana, european union adhikari, chukichi mahitee olakhanyasathi margdarshak suchavanyasathi aahe. yaa prakalpacha uddesh chukichya mahitila lakshya karane aanee nihpakshapati aanee vyavsayik mahitee posting tayar karane haah aahe.
shaili, naitikta aanee manke.
vakeel patrakar-agadi patrakaritechya kshetratahi kahee vadavivadachi sandnya-vyakhyenusar "vastunishthata" nakarnyacha cull asato, tarr tyach velee itar anek samaan manke aanee naitikta rakhatat.
nagri patrakarita vastunishthatesathi sudharit drushtikon swikarte; sahbhagi naan jhalelya prekshakanaivaji, prasarmadhyame sarvajanik vadavivad sulabh karnyasathi aanee protsahit karnyasathi aanee dave aanee samasyanchi gambhirpane tapasani karnyasathi sakriy aahet. yacha arth vishisht rajkiy paksh kinwa padache samarthan karane assa hott nahee.
sarjansheel gair-kalpanik aanee sahityik patrakarita, jyaa vishayambaddal teey lihitat tyaa vishayanchya pustaki-lambichya upcharanmadhye antardrushti aanee sakholata aananyasathi, bhasha aanee sahityik sadhananchi shakti adhik kalpanikteshi samaan vaparte. sanvad, roopak, vichalan aanee itar tantre ashee upkarane vachakanna samanyatah pramanit batmyanchya ahavalat naan aadhalanari antardrushti detat. tathapi, patrakaritechya yaa shakhetil lekhak ajunahi pramanit vruttantat aadhalanaya tathyatmak aanee aitihasik achukatesarkhe naitik nikash rakhoon thevatat. teey pramanit batmyanchya ahavalachya maryadebaher samruddha tapshilvar khaatee sadar karnyacha prayatna karatat. boxer mike taysanvaril tichya pustakapramane, joyce caroll oats yaa shailitil eka vyapakpane manalya jaananya lekhika aahet.
sarvadeshi patrakarita-manavjatichya simahin, naitik samudayaprati aapali prathamik naitik nishtha asane heey sarvadeshivadache anivarya asane, yacha anekada gairsamaj hoto. tyamule tyacha arth kaay aanee kaay nahee heey sangane mahattvache aahe. manavatecha dawa mhanje ekhadya sheet amoort tattvachi jaaniv nahee. jivanachya paristhitit aaplya samanya manavtela samajoon ghenyachi aanee tyache moolya sanganyachi hii 14 jaagtik patrakarita naitik kshamata aahe. manavjatichya tarkshuddha aanee naitik kshamatancha aadar karane, teey jithe jithe aanee tarihi prakat aahet. itaranshi aaplya thos vyavharanmadhyech aapan manavatechya samaan aakanksha, asurakshitata aanee kshamata tasech tyachya dukkhachi kshamata olakhato. vibhajit jagaat, sarvadeshiyavad moolbhut goshtinvar laksh kendrit karato-jeevan, swatantrya, nyay aanee changulpanachi samaan aakanksha.
shodh patrakaritet anekada vishisht sarvajanik hitsambandhanvar, thalak prashna vicharoon aanee kahee prashnanchi sakhol chaukashi karoon, eka antarnihit drushtikon asato. rajkiy mudyanvar tatasthatesathi prayatna karananya madhyamanmadhye, antarnihit sthitee anekada nirvivad asate-udaharanarth, rajkiy bhrashtachar kinwa mulanvar atyachar karane chukiche aahe aanee gunhegaranna ughad kele pahije aanee shiksha kelee pahije, sarkari paise karyakshamatene kharch kele pahijet kinwa lokanche kinwa kamgaranche kinwa majee sainikanche aarogya sanrakshit kele pahije. vakeel patrakar anekada ekhadya vishisht rajkiy sthitichya samarthanarth kinwa keval vishisht rajkiy matey asalelyanshi sambandhit tathye ughad karnyasathi shodh patrakaritecha vapar karatat. ekhadya vishisht rajkiy gatasathi heey kele jaate qee nahee yachee parva naan karata, haah prakar sahasa tathyatmak achukatevar jore deto, kaaran ekhadya samasyechya sakhol tapasacha uddesh badalas chalana denanya tathyancha pardafash karane haah asato. serve tapas ekhadya vishisht samasyevishayichi tathye ughad karnyacha prayatna karat naheet; kahee mahitee-chalit ahwal sakhol vishleshan karatat aanee prekshakanchya samanya sudharanansathi manoranjak parinam sadar karatat jyancha vegvegalya prakare arth lavala jaau shakato kinwa jyat anek vegvegalya sambhavya samasyanshi sambandhit tathyancha khajina asoo shakato. antarnihit sarvajanik hitachya drushtikonatun tathyatmak-maryadit tapasat asehi aadhalu shakate qee tapasakhalil pranali changle kaam karat aahe.
naveen patrakarita aanee gonjo patrakarita dekhil kahee moolbhut naitik parampara nakartat aanee swatahla vyakt karnyasathi aanee vishisht prekshakanparyant kinwa bajar vibhagaparyant pohochanyasathi patrakaritechya gadyatil tantrik manke bajula sartil. heey vyaktilakshi drushtikonas anukool aahet aanee vastunishtha tathyanpeksha tallakh anubhavanvar jore detat.
vikrila chalana denyasathi anekada vruttapatratil patrakaranvar tyanchya vishayanchi achookata aanee vaiyaktik gopaniyatecha tyag kelyacha aarop keela jaato. 2011 chaa aantarrashtriy vruttavahinivaril phone hacking ghotala yache eka udaharan aahe. supermarket vruttapatranmadhye anekada batmyanaivaji manoranjanavar laksh kendrit kele jaate. kahee janankade "batamya" katha aahet jyaa itakya ghrunaspad aahet qee tyaa mahitisathi navhe tarr manoranjanachya uddeshane mothya pramanat vachalya jaatat. kahee vruttapatrancha hetu samanya patrakaritechi manke rakhane assa asato, parantu vyavharat teey khoopach qamee asoo shakatat. itar asey konatehi dave karat naheet.
kahee prakashne janivpurvak upahasat guntaleli asatat, parantu vruttapatrachya rachana ghatakanna prakashan detat, udaharanarth, "kande" aanee itar prakashananni aprilchya murkhanchya divashi adhunmadhun, vinodi lekh sadar karane heey aikale jaat nahee.
patrakaritechya swatantryashi sambandh.
patrakariteche swatantrya nasalelya deshanmadhye, patrakaritechi varr varnan keleli manke sensorshipchya aaspaschya niyamanpeksha aanee rajkiyadrushtya sanvedanshil kinwa nishiddha vishay talnyapeksha patrakaransathi qamee prasangik aahet. mukt nasalelya madhyamanna rashtriy sarkarvar teeka karnyas, pracharasathi vastavik vitarak mhanoon kaam karnyas aanee/kinwa swayam-pratibandhatmak karyat sahbhagi honyas manai kelee jaau shakate. sensorshipche itar vividh prakar sarkarla sanvedanshil vatananya muddyanvaril ahavalavar nirbandh ghaloo shakatat. tyachpramane, corporate prayojakatv, prayojit samagri kinwa corporate malkanvar avalambun asaleli madhyame tyanchya malakanche, jahiratdaranche kinwa prayojakanche aarthik hitsambandh kinwa rajkiy drushtikon aanee tyaa drushtikonanshi visangat asalelya swayam-sensor mahitila pradhanya deu shakatat. kathor manhani kayade asalelya rajyanmadhye, khatalyachya jokhamicha patrakaranvar dekhil bhitidayak parinam houu shakato. patrakaritechya naitikatechya vareel jababdanyanmadhye hastakshep karoon, heey ghatak patrakaritetil naitiktela patrakaritechya sabhovatalachya kayadyadvare kitee pramanat aakar deela jaato heey spasht karatat.
canadachya haqq aanee swatantryachya sanadechya kalam 2 aanee dakshin aafrikechya hakkanchya vidheykachya kalam 16 dware vruttapatrachya swatantryache spashtapane sanrakshn kele jaate aanee manavadhikaranvaril european adhiveshanachya kalam 10 antargat abhivyakti swatantryacha bhag mhanoon sanrakshit kele jaate. canadamadhye, vruttpatra swatantrya aanee itar sanadi adhikar heey adhikar aanee swatantryanchya canadian sanadechya kalam 1 chya adheen aahet, jyamadhye ashee tartud aahe qee adhikar asha nirbandhanchya adheen aahet jeey mukt aanee lokshahi samajat spashtapane nyayya tharoo shakatat, jyatoon nyayalayanni oaks chachani vikasit kelee aahe. dakshin aafriketil hakkanche vidheyak aanee keniyasarkhya deshanchya sanvidhananmadhye, jeey dakshin aafrikechya varnabhed-pashchatchya sanvidhanane prerit hote, dakshin aafrikechya hakkanchya vidheykachya kalam 36 madhye sanhitabaddha kelyapramane, oaks chachanipramanech maryadit hakkanchi tartud aahe. dakshin aafriket aanee eae. see. aar. varr swakshari karnare, vruttapatrache swatantrya dekhil dveshyukt bhashan, yuddhasathicha prachar aanee badnami pratibandhit karananya vishisht maryadankhali aahe.
united statesmadhye, adhikar vidheykatil pahilya durustiantargat vruttapatrachya swatantryache sanrakshn kele jaate. pahilya durustinusar, sarkarla prasarmadhyamanvar sensor karanyachi parvanagi nahee. canadian sanad kinwa dakshin aafriketil hakkanchya vidheykansarkhya aadhunik hakkanchya vidheykanpramane, americi rajyaghatanet namood kelele adhikar nirpeksh honyasathi lihile jaatat.
badal, ullanghan aanee vivad.
patrakaritechya prakriyeche anek sookshm mudde aahet jeey mukt vruttapatratil "mukhya pravahatil" patrakaranmadhye tattvatah matbhed aanee vyavharat bhinnata vadhavtat. badnami aanee badnamishi sambandhit kayade deshanusar badaltat aanee sthanik patrakaritechi manke yogya tee kelee jaau shakatat. udaharanarth, manhanichi vyakhya united kingadammadhe amerikepeksha jaast vyapak aahe.
achookata heey mukhya moolya mhanoon aanee vishvasarhata rakhanyasathi mahatvache aahe, parantu visheshtah prasaran madhyamanmadhye, prekshak anekada naveen mahitee pratham nondavnanya outletkade aakarshit hotat. vegvegalya sanstha veg aanee achookata vegvegalya prakare santulit karoo shakatat. "udaharanarth, 'daad newyork times' itar anek vruttapatranpeksha eka kinwa done divas nantar lamb, adhik tapshilvar, qamee anumanatmak aanee adhik purnapane satyapit tukade chhapanyacha cull dakhavate. 24 taas chalana durchitravani vruttavahinya 'scoop' midvanyavar adhik bharr detat. yethe, prekshak eka kshanachya soochanenusar vahinya badaloo shakatat; manankanasathi tivra spardha aanee mothya pramanat prasaran vel bharnyasathi, naveen sahitya khoop maulyavan aahe. vegwan valanamule, yaa jaalyansathi patrakaranvar velecha barach dabav asoo shakato, jyamule mahitichi padtalani karanyachi tyanchi kshamata qamee hote.
vaiyaktik gopaniyata, adhikrut rahasye aanee gunhegari khatalyanmadhil nave aanee tathye aanee diwani khatalyanmadhil madhyamanchya prakatikaranasandarbhat kayade mothya pramanat bhinn aahet aanee tyanusar patrakaritechi manke badaloo shakatat. yaa niyamanna talhane, talhane kinwa todane heey patrakaritechya drushtine kevha manya aahe yaa prashnachi vegvegali uttare vegvegalya sansthankade asoo shakatat. nuksan qamee karnyababatchya farkanche aanakhi eka udaharan mhanje prathamik nivadanuk nikalanche ahwal dene. americet, matdan adyap khule asatana exit polache nikal kinwa prathamik vivaranpatra nondavane lokshahi prakriyesathi hanikarak aahe asey kahee vruttasansthanna vatate. asha ahavalancha, jeey lock nantarchya divashi matdan karatat kinwa jeey pashchatya vel vibhagat aahet, tyanchya matdan kase aanee kase karayache kinwa nahee yaa nirnayanvar prabhav padoo shakato. asey prathamik nikal anekada chukiche asatat aanee janatechi dishabhul karnare asoo shakatat, ashihi kahee chinta aahe. itar sansthanna vatate qee hii mahitee nivadanuk prakriyechya pardarshaktecha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe aanee tee nondavanyat konatihi haanee (jarr lakshaniy fayda nasel tarr) disat nahee.
patrakariteche manak mhanoon vastunishthata udyog aanee deshanusar kahee pramanat badalate. udaharanarth, united kingadammadhil sarkari anudanit bii. bii. see. rajkiy tatasthatevar bharr dete, parantu british vartamanpatre anekada rajkiy sanlagnata kinwa jahirat aanee prekshak yaa donhinkade cull dakhavtat, kadhikadhi spashtapane. americet, pramukh vruttapatre sahasa vruttanchya prasaramadhye vastunishthata heey eka dhyey asalyacha spashtapane dawa karatat, jaree bahutekankade swatantra sampadakiy mandale asatat jee vishisht umedvaranna samarthan detat aanee vishisht muddyanvar matey prakashit karatat. vastunishthatechya manakanche palan karane haah satat charchecha vishay aahe. udaharanarth, americetil mukhya pravahatil rashtriy kebal vruttavahinya rajkiy vastunishthatecha dawa karatat parantu vividh pramanat, fox nyoojvar puranmatvadi pakshapat kelyacha aanee emm. ess. aine. bii. see. varr udarmatvadi pakshapat kelyacha aarop karnyat aala aahe. yaa kalancha tathyanchi nivad karnyavar kitee prabhav padato, tathyatmak achookata, vrutt nasalelya matey aanee bhashyakaranche varchasva, vishayambaddal prekshakanche mutt aanee umedvar, drushyatmak rachana, swar aanee kathancha shabdasangrah yavar jordar charcha hote.
vruttapatranche moolya samanyatah chhapil, prasaran, blogg aanee web portalsathi katha nivadanyasathi vaparale jaate, jyat vishisht vishayavar laksh kendrit karananya kathancha samavesh asato. mothya pramanat batmyanche moolya lakshyit prekshakanvar avalambun asate. udaharanarth, madhyapurvetil chhotya kathepeksha americetil eka lahan katha see. aine. aine. varr disanyachi shakyata jaast aahe, jee vahinyanchya sambandhit prekshakanchya bhaugolik vitaranamule all jaziravar disanyachi shakyata jaast aahe. yacha arth assa aahe qee ektar jaale vastunishthapeksha qamee aahe aanee bhinn rajkiy loksankhya asalelya vegvegalya prekshakansathi (fox news viruddha fox news pramane) rajkiy kathanchya kavharejacha vichar kartana haah vaad aanakhi guntagunticha aahe qee nahee haah vadacha vishay aahe. emm. ess. aine. bii. see.).
kahee digital madhyam munch paramparik batmyanchya mulyanpeksha bhinn asalelya katha nivadanyasathi nikash vaparu shakatat. udaharanarth, gugal news portal moolatah batmyanchya mulyanvar aadharit katha nivadte (jaree apratyakshapane, mothya sankhyene swatantra outletchya nivadidvare), vaparkarte vaiyaktik vyaktinishth roochi paribhashit karananya vishisht atinvar googal alert seet karoo shakatat. shodh engine, batamya ektrit karnare aanee samajik network feed kahivela grahakachya vyakt kelelya kinwa anumanit pradhanyannusar kinwa kalanusar samagriche sadarikaran badaltat. paramparik 'dwarpal' aanee prekshak-kendrit nivad nikshambabat tyanchya manat jeey kahee purvagrah asateel, tyaa donhikade durlaksh karoon heey kautuk kele gele aahe, parantu eka dhokadayak filter bubble tayar karane, jeey jaanunbujun kinwa nakalat asahmati darshavinari matey aanee itar aashay lapavate, jeey prekshakanna exposure purvagrah aanee gatvichar talhanyasathi pahane mahattvache asoo shakate, ashee teeka kelee gelee aahe.
chav, shalinata aanee swikararhata.
hinsa, nagnata, khadbadit bhasha kinwa sthanik sanskruti kinwa kayadyandvare (jase qee daruche sevan, samalaingikta, bekaydeshir ammali padarthancha vapar, scatological pratima ii.) asvikarya kinwa kalankit asalelya itar konatyahi paristhititil lokanchya chitrananvar prekshakanchya vegvegalya pratikriya asatat.). samaan prekshak asoonahi, vegvegalya sanstha aanee agadi vaiyaktik patrakaranchihi manke aanee paddhati vegvegalya asatat. heey nirnay anekada prekshakanna konati tathye jaanun ghene aavashyak aahe, hyabhovati firatat.
jevha kahee apriy kinwa dhakkadayak sahitya kathesathi mahattvache manale jaate, tevha nakaratmak prekshakanchi pratikriya qamee karnyasathi vividh samanya paddhati aahet. spasht kinwa trasdayak samagricha aagau ishara shrotyanna kinwa vachakanna teey ughad naan houu shakanari samagri talhanyas anumati deu shakato. aaksheparh shabd anshatah aspasht kinwa raktaranjit asoo shakatat. sambhavya aaksheparh pratima aspasht kinwa sankuchit asoo shakatat. varnananaivaji chitre badalali jaau shakatat; chitratmak tapasheel vagalale jaau shakatat. trasdayak majkoor mukhprushthavarun aateel prushthavar kinwa divasapasun sandhyakali ushiraparyant halavala jaau shakato jevha mule pahat asanyachi shakyata qamee asate.
yaa tantranvar anekada barach vaad nirman hoto, visheshtah kahee tathye kinwa tapashilanchi mahitee naan dene kinwa naan dene hii swayam-sensorship aahe jee vastunishthata aanee satyachya nishtheshi tadjod karate aanee jee janahitasathi upayogi padat nahee.
udaharanarth, yuddhachya pratima aanee chitramay varnane anekada hinsak, raktaranjit, dhakkadayak aanee atyant dukkhad asatat. yamule kahee prekshakanna kahee vishay aswasth karatat, parantu kahijan yuddhache nemke hetch pailu sangane sarvat mahatvache manatat. kahincha assa yuktivad aahe qee yuddhache chitran "swachchh karane" heey ladha suru thevanyachya gunavattebaddal aanee sangharshala chalana denari dhorane kinwa paristhitibaddal janamatavar prabhav takte. yuddh kavharejmadhye darshavilelya spasht hinsacharache aanee angachhedanache praman veloveli, sansthenusar aanee deshanusar lakshaniyaritya badalate.
patrakaranvar batamya gola karnyachya prakriyet ashlilatecha aaropahi karnyat aala aahe, mhanje teey patrakaritechya asanvedansheelatechya navakhali atee ghuskhori karatat. yuddh pratinidhi edward bohr kango sankatachya kalat eka patrakarachi katha sangato, joou beljiyammadhun baher kadhalelya lokanchya gardit gela aanee oradala, "yethe konavar balatkar jhaala aahe aanee too ingraji bolato?"
prasarmadhyamandhye prachar.
anek chhapil prakashne tyanchya vyapak vachakanchya sankhyecha laabh ghetat aanee sansthechya adhikrut sthitiche pratinidhitva karananya swakshari naan kelelya sampadakiyanchya swarupat munn valavananya tukadyanchi chhapai karatat. sampadakiy lekhan aanee vruttasangrah yanchyat ughadpane vegalepana asoonahi, yaa prathemule kahee lokanna prakashanachya vruttanchya rajkiy vastunishthatevar shanka yeu shakate. (jaree sahasa swakshari naan kelelya sampadkiyanmadhye itar drushtikonatun swakshari kelelya matanchi vividhata asate.)
itar prakashne aanee anek prasaran madhyame keval ekhadya vishisht vyaktishi (jee antargat vishleshak asoo shakate) kinwa bahereel sanstheshi sambandhit asalelya matanche tukade prakashit karatat. eka visheshtah vadgrast prashna mhanje madhyam sanghatananni rajkiy umedvaranna padachya sharyatisathi manyata dyavi qaa. rajkiy samarthan ahavalat pakshapat darshavinyachya adhik sandhee nirman karatat aanee hitsambandhancha kathit sangharsh nirman karoo shakatat.
shodh paddhati.
shodh patrakaritemadhye, sadhya vinantya aanee shodhandvare midvane sope nahee kinwa sakriyapane lapavale jaat aahe, dadapale jaat aahe kinwa vikrut kele jaat aahe asha tathyancha shodh ghene haah mukhytah mahitee gola karnyacha eka abhyas aahe. jethe tapas karyat gupt patrakarita kinwa visalbloerscha vapar samavisht aahe aanee tyahunahi adhik jarr teey khajgi guptaher kinwa agadi hergirichya adhik vaishishtyapurn gupt paddhatincha avalamb karat asel tarr teey naitik mankanvar motha atirikt boja aanate.
anamik srot duheri bajuche asatat-teey anekada visheshtah vartaman ghatanambaddal vargikrut kinwa gopaneey mahitee, purvi nond naan kelelya ghotalyabaddalchi mahitee kinwa ekhadya vishisht gatacha drushtikon, jee vruttapatranmadhye kahee matey vyakt kelyabaddal suud ghenyas ghabaru shakate, ashee batmidar mahitee pradan karatat. nakaratmak bajoo ashee aahe qee naav naan sanganyachya atimule patrakarala strotachya vidhananchi padtalani karane katheen kinwa ashakya houu shakate. kahivela vrutt srot tyanchi olakh lokanpasoon lapavatat kaaran anyatha tyanchi vidhane lavkarach badnam kelee jaatil. asha prakare, anamik strotanshi sambandhit vidhane jarr shrey dile gele tarr tyaa lokanmadhye tyapeksha jaast mahattvachi asoo shakatat.
alikadachya varshant, visheshtah nantar avishvasaniy asalyache ughad jhalelya mahiticha ahwal denyasathi, anamik strotancha ativapar kelyabaddal washingtonchya vruttapatravar teeka kelee gelee aahe. 2003 chya irakvareel aakramanachya aadhichya kalat anamik strotancha vapar lakshaniyaritya vadhala.
naitik duvidha udaharane.
patrakaritechya naitikatechya prathamik karyanpaiki eka mhanje patrakaranna bhedasavana anek naitik duvidha hatalanyas madat karane. rashtriy surakshechya atyant sanvedanshil samasyanpasun teey ekhadya strotakadun jevan swikarane, swatachya gadivar bumper sticker lavane, vaiyaktik mutt blogg prakashit karane, patrakarane janatecha jaanun ghenyacha adhikar, sambhavya dhamkya, sudbuddhi, serve prakarchya dhamkya, vaiyaktik sachoti, sampadak, patrakar aanee prakashak kinwa vyavasthapan yanchyatil sangharsh aanee asha itar anek shankancha vichar karoon nirnay ghetale pahijet. tyapaiki kahee udaharane khalilpramane aahet.
teeka.
thayalandmadhil national institute auph development administration jessy owen harnes-branman yanni assa yuktivad keela qee patrakaritetil vyavsayikta heey done ghatakanche sanyojan aahe, kamachya thikani patrakaranche duyyam samajikaran aanee patrakariteche nikash aanee manakanche feticiasation. asha prakare, naveen patrakaranmadhil avanchhit vaishishtye door kelee jaau shakatat aanee urvarit patrakar joparyant kaam karat rahatat aanee tyanche palan karat rahatat toparyant patrakaritechya vyavsayik nikashanvar dveshpurn teeka karnyas mukt asatat. hii teeka bii. bii. see. batamya, skye news, daad guardian, daad newyork times, daad washington poost aanee emm. ess. aine. bii. see./aine. bii. see. batmyanmadhil vees rajkiy patrakaranchya mulakhatinmadhun aanee tatvadnyani slavos zizek yanchya vichardharechya sankalpanetun sweekarli gelee aahe.