austreliyachi antarctic moheem

austreliyan antarctic moheem hii dugglus mossonchya netrutvakhalil eka 1911-1914 moheem hotee, jyane austreliyachya dakshinekadil mothya pramanat adnyat antarctic roji shodh ghetala. mossionla tyachya swatachya upkramache netrutva karnyasathi tyachya 'ernest shackleton' chya 'nimrod' mohimetil 1907-1909 madheel anubhavatoon prerana midali hotee. antarcticamadhil tyachya kalat, mohimechya slaging partyanni naan shodhalelya pradeshachya bhovati cover kele, tarr tyache jahaj, nakashankit kinarpattivarun navigate kele. vaidnyanik upkramanmadhye hawaman mapan, chumbakeey nirikshane, eka vistrut samudrashastriy karyakram aanee antarcticamadhye sapadalelya pahilya ulkapattachya shodhasah anek jaivik aanee bhoogarbhiy namunyancha sangrah yancha samavesh hota. antarctica aanee austreliya yanchyat wireless sampark sthapit karnari aanee rakhanari hii pahili moheem hotee. aanakhi eka niyojit navkalpana-vimanacha vapar-moheem ravana honyapurvi eka apghatane ayashasvi jhaala. vimanachya vimanachya prushthbhagache motorised slaging kinwa 'air-tractor' tayar karnyasathi rupantar karnyat aale hote, parantu teey atishay maryadit upayukt asalyache siddha jhaale.
hii moheem teen talanmadhye aayojit karnyat aalee hotih eka up-antarctic mcwirey betavar aanee done antarctic mukhya bhoomivar. mossonchya netrutvakhali mukhya tall cape denison yethe, cape adarechya paschimes, aanee cape denisonchya pashchimepeksha jaast, sheckletonchya barfachya shelfwar phrank wildchya khalee eka paschim tall ubharanyat aala. donhi mukhya bhoomivaril talanvaril kriyakalapanna tivra tivra adthala aala, jyamule anekada bahereel kaam ashakya jhaale.
otschya jaminivar pohochanyachya prayatnat done sadasyancha mrutyu jhalyane hii moheem viskalit jhalih belgrave edward ninis, joou eka krivhasmadhye padala aanee zavier mertz, joou paratanyachya trasdayak pravasat maran pavala. tyanantar tyancha slaging partner mosson yala talavar parat jaanyasathi eka katheen ektyane chadhai karnyas bhag padale gele; too jahaj chukala aanee sahaa jananchya madat pathkasah tyala cape denison yethe atirikt eka varsh ghalvave lagale. wireless operator sidney jeffrieschya mansik bighadamule haah pravas katheen jhaala. jevha mosson antarcticahoon paratala, tevha tyache nayakache swagat karnyat aale aanee tyala nitehoods anek sanman midale. vaidnyanik abhyasanni bharpur, tapshilvar mahitee pradan kelee-jee purnapane prakashit honyas tees varshe lagali-aanee mohimechya vyapak sanshodhan karyakramane antarcticamadhil austreliyachya nantarchya pradeshik davyansathi payabharani kelee.
parshvabhoomi.
janewari 1909 madhye, ernest shackletonchya "nimrod" mohimetil teen jananchya eka gatane teey dakshin chumbakeey dhruvavar pohochale aahet asey mojale. yaa pakshat dugglus mosson yaa austreliyan bhuvaidnyanik tarun vyakticha samavesh hota, joou tyachya anubhavatoon prerit houn, swatachi moheem aayojit karnyachya vicharane gharee aala. tyacha vishesh rus dakshin dhruvat navhata, tarr austreliyachya dakshines asalelya cape adarechya paschimes asalelya antarctic bhoomicha tapas karnyat hota. 1840 chya dashakat dumont dii 'arvilchya netrutvakhali french aanee american charles wilks yanni tyaa roji anishchitpane shodh ghetala hota, parantu tevhapasoon tyala bhet denyat aalee navhati.
janewari 1910 madhye, londonmadhye, mossonchi bhet robbert falcon scotshee jhaali, joou tyaveli tyachya 'terra nova' mohimechi tayari karat hota. mossonne prastavit kele qee tyane cape adare yetheel swatantra sanghache pramukh mhanoon yaa mohimet sameel vhave. jaree scotkade swarasya asale taree teey mossonchya mossonchya vyaptivar sahmat houu shakale naheet. londonmadhye swatachya mohimeche aayojan aanee vittapuravatha karnyachya shakyatecha tapas karat asalelya shackletonne mossionla suchavale qee too tyache mukhya shastradnya mhanoon kaam karoo shakato. sheckletonne americet vyakhyane deuun nidhi gola keela, tarr hangerimadhye sonyachi khaan kharedi aanee vikasit karnyachya shakyatecha tapas karnyasathi mossionla pathvanyat aale. haah prastav sanshayaspad disat asalyane, mossonne atlantic olandun sankshipt bandhane bandhanyasathi aanee too ajunahi mohimesathi vachanbaddha aahe qee nahee heey tapasanyasathi ghaee kelee. 16 meey roji, shackletonne mukhya shastradnya mhanoon mossonchya bhoomikechi pushti karnare nivedan jaaree kele, tyat mhatale qee, jarr too (shackleton) mohimesah yeu shakala nahee, tarr "dii. mosson prabhari asel aanee tarihi mea majha prabhav vaparen... aavashyak nidhi ubharanyachya sandarbhat. yaa aashvasanasah mosson austreliyala paratala.
kityek mahinyanche maun rahilyanantar mossonchya anishchitatechya bhavna navyane nirman jhalya; sheckleton ajunahi sonyachya khankamasathi prayatna karat hota aanee mohimesathi nidhi gola karnyasathi sangharsh karat hota. akheris, 1 december roji, shackletonne pushti kelee qee too jaanar nahee parantu vachan dilyapramane, mossionla tyacha purn pathimba deil.
tayari.
uddishte.
janewari 1911 madhye, austreliyan association phaur daad advancement auph sciencechya (aaas) baithakit mossonne aaplya yojana ughad kelya. poorves cape adare aanee paschimes gosberg darmyanchya antarctic kinarpattichya kamanimadhye kaam karnyacha tyacha hetu hota. yaa maryadet, jyachi ruparesha aanee himanadyanchi vaishishtye [fakt] ughad purave puravale gele aahet, assa pradesh tayar keela aahe, asey mosson mhanale. yaa bhoomicha sampoorn vaidnyanik aanee bhaugolik tapas jahaj-aadharit samudrashastriy karyakramasah keela jaeel. aasanni utsahane pratisad deela. sidney vidyapithache pradhyapak edgeworth david (jeey dakshin chumbakeey dhruvavar mosensobat ubhe hote) yanchya adhyakshatekhali eka samitee sthapan karnyat aalee aanee mossionla lavkarach vaidnyanik aanee rajkiy samudayancha pathimba midala, tasech aaghadichya udhyogpatinkadun aarthik pathimbyachi pratidnya ghetali gelee. tyachi moheem aata surakshitpane suru karnyat aalee aahe asey aashvasan dett, mausan vyavharik vyavastha suru karnyasathi londonla gela.
cap adare yethe tyacha mukhya kinarpatticha tall ubharane aanee aanakhi paschimekade itar thikane ubharane haah mossoncha mool hetu hota. march 1911 madhye jevha tyanna kalale qee scottchi moheem uttarekadil eka paksh cape adare pradeshat pathvat aahe, tevha tyanna yaa vyavasthet badal karane aavashyak vatale. parinami, tyane tyacha mukhya tall kepchya paschimes, adnyat pradeshat thevanyacha nirnay ghetala.
jahaj aanee upkarane.
londonmadhye, yogya jahajachya shodhat, mossonne johnn king devischi madat magitali, jyala tyane jahajacha malak aanee mohimecha duyyam-inn-kamand mhanoon kaam deu kele. devisne sheckletonchya alikadil mohimedarmyan tyache mukhya adhikari mhanoon kaam kele hote aanee englandchya paratanyachya pravasat tyacha karnadhar mhanoon kaam kele hote. tyane mossoncha prastav ajibat sankoch naan karata swikarla.
mossionla naveen antarctic moheem jahajanpaiki eka-scots, "nimrod" kinwa william spears broos-surakshit karanyachi aasha hotee-parantu yapaiki ekahi upalabdh navhate. akheris too 1876 madhye uttarekadil panyat kaam karnyasathi bandhalelya junya dundy velver sthayik jhaala. 1884 madhye, american arctic explorer adolphus greelichya lady franklin beey mohimesathichya bachav prayatnanmadhye tine bhag ghetala hota. yaa jahajachi kimmat £6,000 hotee, jee mossonne eka sauda manali. devisne eka vyapak punarbandhaniche nirikshan kele, jyat tichya karsthanat badal aanee yogya nivas, prayogshala aanee atirikt sathavanukichi jaaga pradan karnyasathi barich antargat punarrachana samavisht hotee.
samudrashastriy karyakramasathi aavashyak asalelya vishesh upkarnanmadhye done dhwani yantrancha samavesh hotah eka nahee. 1 lucas sounder khol kamasathi, brusdware mohimela dile gele aanee uthal kholat vaparnyasathi eka halake kelvin machine. mossonne tyachya sambhavya upayuktatesathi aanee tyachya lakshaniy prasiddhi mulyasathi wickerskadoon eka lahan monoplane dekhil vikat ghetale. viman austreliyala pathvanyat aale, jithe pratyakshik uddanadarmyan tyache khoop nuksan jhaale, jyaveli mossonne vimanachi kalpana sodoon dilee, pankh kadhoon takale aanee 'air-tractor' mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya motor-slaging tayar karnyasathi fuselays boddy aanee engineshee julavun ghetale.
mossonchi tantrik aavad wireless telegraphychya naveen kshetraparyant vistarli. rashtrakul hawaman vibhagashi charcha kelyanantar, tyanni antarctica aanee austreliya darmyan wireless sandeshansathi rile station mhanoon kaam karnyasathi, tasmania aanee antarctica darmyanchya madhyabindut mcwarry betavar atirikt tall ubharanyacha nirnay ghetala. mcwarry yethe tall ubharalyane betache pahile yogya sarvekshan aanee vaidnyanik abhyas karnyas parvanagi denyacha atirikt fayda hoil.
karmchari.
austreliyala paratanyapurvi, mossonne prastavit mukhya bhoomichya talanpaiki ekacha neta mhanoon 'antarcticacha sarvat juna rahivasi', dhruviy anubhavi phrank wildchi bharati kelee. wildney scottachya mohimet sameel honyache aamantran nakarle hote; tyala 'khoop jaast naudalvir' manoon, tyala scottachi kathorata aavadali nahee. mossonne shahee fuciliersmadhil 23 varshiy leftnunt belgrave edward ninisachahi samna keela, jyache vadil, jyanna belgrave ninis asehi mhanatat, teey 1875-1876 chya british arctic mohimesobat hote. ninisala greenlandmadhun aalyanantar mohimechya pannas slaging kutryanchi jababdari swikarayachi hotee, jaree tyala kutryancha purvicha anubhav navhata. tyala aanakhi eka navshikya kutra hatalanara, zavier gillaum mertz, eka swees skii-jumping champian aanee giryarohak, jyache skiingche kaushalya mossionla eka mahattvachi sampatti vatel asey vatat hote, too madat karnar hota.
mohimeche pramukhyane austreliyan swaroop jatan karnyasathi, mossonne austreliya aanee newzealandchya vidyapithanmadhun tyachya vidnyan vidnyan bharati kelee. mukhya chumbakeey shastradnya banalela 22 varshiy navodit zealander erich web aanee 22 varshiy cecil madigan, jyanna mukhya talache havamanshastradnya mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote, heey pramukh padanvar hote. madiganane yaa mohimet sameel honyasathi auxford vidyapithatil roads shishyavrutti eka varshasathi pudhe dhakalali. mcverry betavar wireless rile aanee vaidnyanik kendra sthapan karnyachya nirnayacha arth aanakhi paach jananchya chamoochi bharati karane assa hota. yaa sthanakache netrutva karnyasathi, mossonne done wireless tantradnya, eka bhuvaidnyanik aanee eka jivashastradnya yanchyasah rashtrakul hawaman vibhagatoon george einsworth yanchi niyukti kelee. mohimecha chhayachitrakar mhanoon, mossionla akheris phrank harleela sameel karnyas patavale gele, jyane mosson bharati karat asalyache aikalyanantar lagechach tyachya seva vinamulya deu kelya hotya.
aarthik.
mohimes pathimba denyachya tyachya vachanbaddhatenusar, shackletonne press barren laurd northclifla "delly mail" madhye nidhisathi apeal prakashit karnyasathi patvoon dile. yaa apilamule done divasant £6,000 peksha jaast rakmecha tatkal ogh jhaala. british sarkarne £2,000 dile aanee mossonchya yashasvi sadarikaranantar, shahee bhaugolik samajane samajane yogdan dile. sarvanni sangitale qee, aavahananantar, british strotanni sumare £10,000 chee rakkam pradan kelee.
austreliyamadhye, sanghiy sarkarne 5,000 paund dile aanee rajya sarkaranni ektritpane 18,500 paund dile. khajgi dengya aanee british paishasah, mohimecha ekoon nidhi sumare 38,000 paundanparyant vadhala, joou tyachya kharchachya vachanbaddhatepeksha kahisa qamee hota, parantu too pathvanyasathi puresa hota. moheem maidanat asatana nidhi ubharaniche prayatna suru rahile. jevha moheem sampali aanee jahaj aanee itar malmatta vikali gelee, tevha mossonchya hishebanusar ekoon toot 4,462 paund hotee; hii, tyala aasha hotee qee, mohimechya pustakachya vikrivareel royaltidware aanee vyakhyan shulkadvare bharoon kadhali jaeel. tyanni andaj vartavala qee vaidnyanik nishkarsh prakashit karnyasathi aanakhi 8,000 poundchi aavashyakta asel. yaa aarthik aarthik purn karnyachya samasya anek varshe mossionla vyagra thevatil.
mohimecha itihas.
dakshinecha pravas.
28 julai 1911 roji, 'arora'-greenlandchya pravasatoon vachalelya 48 kutryanni bharalela ticha deck, slagene bharalela aanee jahajavar 3,000 hoon adhik dukane asaleli-cardifsathi londonhoon ravana jhaali, jithe tine 500 tunn kolshachya brickets loaded kelya. tee 4 august roji cardiff sodoon gelee aanee teen mahinyanchya pravasanantar 4 november roji queens wharf, hobart yethe pohochali. halchalinchya jhalalimadhye, atirikt indhan, dukane aanee upkarane jahajavar nenyat aalee. mcwarry betaparyant oze vahoon nenyasathi mossonne ess. ess. 'toroa' navache eka steamers bhadyane ghetale. nirop samarambh aanee karyakramanchya malikenantar, 2 december roji hobartkadoon 'aurora' laa jahajajavalil eka ashant sutty denyat aalee.
mcwarry betakade jaanara marg khadatar hotah jahajavar varanvar laata kosalalya, kutryanna ardhe budavoon aanee purushanna bhijavun takale. arorachya pulacha kahee bhag vahoon gela aanee dekchya varr sathavalelya malsamanala nuksan jhaale. akheris kharab hawaman qamee jhaale aanee teey 13 december roji mcwarry betavar pohochale, jithe tyanantar lagechach tyanna 'toroa' midale. jevha aayansvarthcha paksh aanee tyachi upkarane jaminivar sthapan jhaali, tevha "toroa" hobartla paratala aanee 24 december roji sarvekshan karya kelyanantar "arora" dakshinekade ravana jhaala.
cape adarechya paschimes yogya kinarpatti shodhanyachya mossonchya aasha lavkarach dhulis aalya. kinarpatti abhedya barfachya mage lapaleli rahili aanee 1840 madhye wilkesne nondavaleli jameen astitvat nasalyache disun aale. jahaj pudhe paschimekade jaat asatana, mossonne prastavit madhyavarti tall mukhya talasah ektrit karoon aanee ekach pashchimi talavar jangali jaaga thevun, tyache bhoo-tall teenavarun donparyant qamee karnyacha nirnay ghetala. 8 janewari 1912 roji, eka mothya himanadila gherat, teey eka aakhatat gele jyala mossonne nantar rashtrakul khadee asey naav dile aanee pudhil shodhat tyanna eka lamb aashray asalela praveshmarg sapadala jyala tyanni nauka bandar asey naav dile. yethe, eka tolhee dalala eka thikani eka khadkal jaaga sapadali jyala tyanni mohimechya suruvatichya prayojakanpaiki eka asalelya hyoog denisonchya navavarun cape denison asey naav dile aanee mossonne tethe mukhya tall sthapan karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
vadal aanee jordar varanvar vyatyay yet asalele jahaj utaravanyache kaam 18 janevariparyant suru hote. denison divashi, hiwala suru honyapurvi vel qamee jaat asatana, 'arora' jangalachya pashchimekadil talasathi yogya thikan shodhanyasathi ravana jhaala.
cape denison.
pahila hangamah hiwala 1912.
mukhya talgharanmadhye eka prashast rahanyachi jaaga hotee, jyat sanlagn karyashala aanee kutryanchya sathavanukisathi aanee nivasasathi eka rund vharandahi hota. mukhya zopadyanpasun door chumbakeey nirikshanansathi vaparlya vaparlya lahan sanrachana hotya. pakshala patkan kalale qee tyanni nivadalele thikan eka apavadatmak kalavadhit jaaga hotee; barfachya panavarun shaktishali katabetik vaare upasagarat vahat gele, vadalanni varanvar divas dhadak dilee aanee tivra sthanik vavatalinni manse aanee upkarnanvar hallah keela. 1899-1900 madheel cape adare yethe hivalyat asalelya carsten borchgravinkne varanvar varanvar veg jaast asalyache nondavale hote aanee eka 12 tasanchya kalavadhit kalavadhit sarasari sarasaripeksha jaast hotee, jyat vadalancha andaj jaast hota. teey nakalat antarcticamadhil sarvat vadali thikananpaiki eka thikani sthayik jhaale hote; mossonne varanvar cape denisonchya darmyan aanee tithe vadali vaare nondavale.
hiwala sampanyapurvi mossonne kahee prayogik slaging kaam karnyache niyojan kele hote aanee 1 march roji, tyane, madigan aanee bobb begg yanni slaging aanee dukane jamaa karnyapurvi aanee zopadit parat yenyapurvi, eka pravas vyavasthapit keela. pudhil paach mahine, jeevan mothya pramanat zopadit kendrit hote aanee vividh vaidnyanik upkramanvar kendrit hote. kahee bahya kaame apariharya hotee; havamanshastradnya aanee chumbakeey tadnyanni paristhitichi parva naan karata tyanche dainandin vachan kele. durmil viramanmadhye, wireless mast ubharanyache aanee mcwarry betashi sampark sthapit karnyache prayatna kele gele, parantu varanvar ayashasvi jhalyanantar, aprilchya akheris heey prayatna tatpurte sodoon denyat aale.
zopaditil samanya dincharya vadhadivsachya vistrut utsavandvare chaitanyadayi bunley hotee, bahutekda sudharit maifilisah samapt hote. jevha vadhadivasachi kamatarata hotee, tevha itar prasangi prashansa kelee jaat asey; mosson nondavato qee 'londonchya pahilya gass divyacha' vardhapandinhi 'vilakshan' eclat 'saha sajra keela jaat asey. mohimechya granthalayacha, visheshtah jyaa pustakanmule, mossonne mhatalyapramane, "ubdarpana aanee rung, samruddhi aanee chaitanyapurna jagacha achanak shwas" aala, tyacha khoop vapar karnyat aala.
9 august roji, marchmadhye sthapan jhalelya paach mailanchya depoparyant dukane nenyasathi ninni aanee mertz baher padale. tyanni yaa thikanala 'aladinchi guha' asey naav dile. septemberchya suruvatila havamanat vyatyay aala, jyamule wireless mastsche kaam purn houu shakale. tyanni mcwarry betavar sankraman karnyas suruvat kelee parantu tyanna kahihi parat midale nahee. hawaman punha bund honyapurvi septembermadhye slejingsathi anek pravas shakya hote; 9 aktoobar roji visheshtah hinsak hinsak alikade ubharalele wireless mast kosalale.
slaging, 1912-1913.
sarvasadharan yojana.
27 aktoobar 1912 roji, mossonne pudhil slaging hangamasathichya tyachya yojananchi ghoshana kelee. bajchya netrutvakhalil dakshinekadil paksh dakshinekade, chumbakeey dhruvakade, vatet chumbakeey nirikshane karat jaeel. madiganchya netrutvakhalil purv kinarpatticha eka paksh cape denisonchya purvekadil kinarpatticha shodh gheil aanee tyacha nakasha tayar karel. tyach velee, phrank bickertonchya netrutvakhalil eka pashchatya paksh paschimekade pathar shodhanyasathi motoryukt slaging gheil.
sarvat lamb pravas sudur purvekadil pakshadvare keela jaeel, jyamadhye mertz, ninni aanee mosson yancha samavesh asel, jeey kutryanna gheuun cape adarechya jawalpasachya kahee durchya otschya jaminivar pohochanyacha prayatna kartil. itar gut mukhya pravasansathi samarthan paksh tayar kartil. 15 janewari 1913 paryant serve pakshanna talavar parat yene aavashyak hote, jevha 'arora' tyanna parat midvane apekshit hote.
phaar eastern party.
mossoncha phaar eastern paksh 10 november roji nighala aanee hawaman anukool jhalyavar tyane changle antar thewale. 14 decemberparyant tyanni otschya jaminipeksha jaast pravas keela hota. duparnantar thodyach velat, akshansh mojanyasathi mosson thambla tevha tyala disale qee mertz thambla aahe aanee too tyachya mage pahat aahe. ninnichi konatihi chinhe navhati. mosson aanee mertz yanni tyanchya tyanchya mage ghetalya aanee tyabhovati eka daree aadhalali; durchya bajoone asalelya marganni heey spasht kele qee ninis, tyachya slaging aanee kutryansah, kholvar padala hota. eka kadyavar khoop khalee, tyanna done kutryanche mrutdeh aanee slejingmadhil avashesh disu lagale, parantu ninnichi konatihi chinhe disat navhati. tyanche uralele dorr agadi pahilya kathaparyant pohochanyasathi khoop qamee hote, jyachi tyanni kholee mojali hotee, mhanoon ninni tyanchya ordyanna uttar deteel ashee aasha karnyashivay tyanchyakade paryay navhata. tyanni anek taas phone kele pann-konatahi pratisad naan midalyane-tyanna tyala marnyasathi sodoon denyas bhag padale gele.
tyancha sathidar achanak haravalyane dhakka basalelya mosson aanee mertz yanna aata tyanchya swatachya sambhavyatecha vichar karava lagla. ninisachya slejingmadhye tyanchi bahutansh vastoo aanee upkarane aanee kutryanche serve ann hote, jyamule tyanchyakade sumare 11 kinwa 12 divasanche shidha shillak hote. talaparyant pohochanyasathi, tyanna jiwant asalelya kutryanna golya ghaloon aanee khaun haah alp puravatha vadhavava lagel. mossionla barfachya andhatvacha tras hott asala taree, tyanni pudhil kahee divasant satatyane pravas keela; 25 decemberparyant tyanni ganana kelee qee teey cape denisonche hote. 29 december roji tyanni shevatchya kutryala thaar marle. doghannahi aswasth vatat hote, parantu 1913 chya naveen varshachya divasapasun mertzchi prakruti achanak aanee vegane khalavali; tyala danv jhaala hota aanee too prakshubdh aanee chidala hota. havamanala usheer jhalyanantar, tyanni 3 janevarichya sandhyakali tyancha pravas punha suru keela, parantu teey havamanachya phaar aadhi pohochale naheet aanee mertzchya himdahamule tyanna thambave lagale. teey 3 janevariparyant ubhe rahile jevha mertz pudhe jaanyas tayar jhaala, parantu tyachi sthitee bighadat gelee aanee jaree mosson tyala slazingwar odhanyat yashasvi jhaala taree teey jaast jameen zaku shakale naheet. 8 jaanevarila lavkar mertz yanche nidhan jhaale. mosson talapasoon jawal hota, jeey, tyane nirikshan kele, nirogi mansasathi tulanene qamee antar hote, parantu kamkuvat aanee upashi asalelya vyaktisathi khoop door hote.
mertz daphan kelyanantar aanee tyachi kabar chinhankit kelyanantar, mossonne pudhil pravasachi tayari kelee. tyache oze qamee karnyasathi tyane tyachya pishavichya chhotya sadhanacha vapar karoon tyachi slaging ardhi kelee. 11 jaanevarila hawaman swachchh jhaale aanee too baher padala. tyacha atyant kamkuvatpana aanee visheshtah tyachya payanchi sthitee yacha arth too phaar durcha pravas karoo shakat navhata. 17 janewari roji too eka krivhasmadhye padala aanee tethe slazingchya dorkhandane latkavala, joou sudaivane padala nahee. tyala swatahla baher kadhanyasathi chaar tasanpeksha jaast vel lagla. jasjasa too talajaval aala, tasatase kharab havamanamule tyala nirash houn usheer jhaala. 29 janewari roji tyala eka khadda sapadala, joou shodh pathkane sodala hota, jyat ann aanee too aladinchya guheteel asalyache sanganara sandesh hota.
teen divasannantar, mosson guhet pohochala, jithe tyala adhik vastoo sapadalya, parantu gumphet eka gosht gahal hotee tee mhanje cramponchya atirikt jodya jyaa tyala payathyashi antim utaranyasathi aavashyak hotya. aladinchya guhet aanakhi eka jodee asel heey jaanun kahee divas aadhi tyane antim himnadi saaf kelyanantar tyachya cramponchi shevatchi jodee fekoon dilee hotee. kharab havamanacha arth too 8 februvariparyant punha baher padoo shakala nahee, parantu yaa kalat too petty aanee sail nakhe pack karoon lakadatoon gharguti cramponchi eka jodee banavanyat yashasvi jhaala, jee tyane nantar tyachya pravasachya antim tappyasathi vaparali. jevha too payathyachya dishene antim utaravar utarala, tevha tyala vatale qee tyala kshitijavar dhoor disala aahe, joou too too jahajatoon yet asalyache gruheet dharat hota. jevha too talavar pohochala, tevha tyala aadhalale qee jahaj kharokharach tyaa divasachya suruvatila, bickerton, bej, madigan, alfried hodgeman aanee archibald mcclean yaa paach janancha gut aanee eka naveen wireless tantradnya, sidney jeffries, bepatta purushansathi bachav dall mhanoon sodoon gele hote. mossonne jahajache redio prakshepan kele, devisla parat yeuun party uchalanyas sangitale; devisne tyache palan karnyacha prayatna keela aanee jahaj rashtrakulachya khadimadhye parat aanale, parantu tivra vadali jordar jahajala lunger taknyapasun kinwa boat sodanyapasun rokhale. eka divas divas basoon rahilyanantar aanee aanakhi vilamb jhalyas, hivalyatil barfane adnyapurvi 'arora' jangalichya paschim talaparyant pohochanar nahee yaa chintene, devisne haar manali aanee paschimekade valale, jyamule cape denison gatala aanakhi eka varsh talavar ghalvave lagale.
itar slaging partya.
madiganchya netrutvakhalil purv kinarpattichya pakshane 8 november roji roji pathlag karoon purvela tall sodala. tyanni pudhe jaat asatana, bhupat tayar karane aanee bhoogarbhiy aanee jaivik namune gola karane, 150°eechya agadi palikade, talapasoon. tyaa tappyajaval, tyanna eka khadkal mathyavaril jameen sapadali, jee unchahun adhik hotee, jee avyavanchya nalyansarkhi bhavya stambhakar rachana hotee. madiganane yache varnan 'nisargache cathedral' asey kele; nantar mohimechya prayojakanpaiki eka asalelya william hornchya navavarun tyala horn bluff asey naav denyat aale. tyanchya paratanyachya pravasat, tyanni khrisamasacha divas sajra keela, kaaran teey himnadichya jibhevar tall thokun hote, tyanna mahit navhate qee mosson aanee mertz ekach himnadichya varchya bhagat tall thokun hote. sampoorn kinarpattiche sarvekshan purn kelyanantar, madiganacha paksh 16 janewari 1913 roji talavar paratala.
10 november roji bagchya dakshini pakshane cape denison sodale aanee web darroj chumbakeey nirikshane karat asatana chumbakeey dhruvachya dishene dakshinekade kooch kele. tyanna lavkarach aadhalale qee chumbakeey vikshobhanni hokayantra vachananmadhye vidhvans keela aanee teey suryakadoon chalavale, "eka karyaksham paryayapeksha jaast", begne namood kele. 21 december roji teey talapasoon hote. tathapi, tyanchya chumbakeey vachananni soochit kele qee teey ajunahi chumbakeey dhruvapasun kahee antaravar hote. jahaj haravanyacha dhoka talhanyasathi teey gharee valale. yaa pravasacha shevatcha bhag katheen hota, kaaran teey tyanchya antim annadhanyachya sathyatoon baher padale aanee 11 janevariparyant talaparyant pohochanyasathi tyanna vegane dhaav ghyavi lagali.
changlya havamanamule motor-slaging chalavanyas madat hoil yaa aashene western pakshane 3 decemberparyant prasthan karnyas vilamb keela. yaa yantrane chachanyanmadhye samadhankarak kamgiri kelee hotee aanee suruvatila teey changle chalale hote, parantu talapasoon baher padalyavar, tyachya eka cylinderne chukichi golee chalavanyas suruvat kelee. samasya aanakhi vadhali; engine achanak thambale aanee propeller uddhvast jhaala. motar-slaging sodoon denyat aale aanee gharee jaanyapurvi patharavarun paschimekade pravas karat, pakshane manushya-chalavun aapala pravas suru thewala. tyancha sarvat mahattvacha bhoogarbhiy shodh haah ulkapind hota, joou antarcticamadhye pahilyanda sapadala.
dusra hangam, 1913-1914.
cape denison yethe uralelya gatasathi, hiwala lavkar aala, jyamule tyanna barech mahine zopaditach maryadit thewale gele. mageel varshicha chumbakeey aanee hawaman nirikshanacha karyakram punha suru karnyat aala, tasech dainandin jivanachya nityakramanchi suruvat jhaali. gatatil anekanna tyanchya hatat vel asalyache aadhalale aanee purvichya mohimanchya paramparenusar, 'edeli barfal jhala' heey masik sampadit karnyasathi aanee tayar karnyasathi swachchatene yacha fayda ghetala. mageel varshichi eka mothee sudharana mhanje, 20 februvaripasun mcwarry betasah niyamit wireless sampark sthapit karnyat aala, jyamule gatala 8 junparyant bahereel jagachya samparkat rahanyachi parvanagi midali, jevha jordar jordar punha ekada wireless mast khalee aale.
wireless operator jeffries haah suruvatila yaa gatacha eka kartvyanishth aanee aadaraniy sadasya hota, parantu junachya madhyapasoon tyache vartan bighadu lagale. too moodmadhye aanee aakramak jhaala, tyachya zopaditil sathidaranna bhandanyas aavhan dett, swatashich kurkur karat, chhal karanyachi mansikta vikasit karat aanee tyachya swachchatekade durlaksh karat. urvarit gatasathi heey purese chintajanak hote, parantu augustchya suruvatila jevha wireless mast punha ubharanyat aale, tevha jeffriesne jangali sandesh pathvanyas suruvat kelee, jyat dawa keela gela qee mosson vagalata itar serve vede jhaale aahet aanee tyala thaar marnyacha prayatna kareet aahet. bickertonne wireless chalavanyacha sarav suru keela aanee mossonne jefridgekadun prapt jhalelya serve sampreshanache sensor karnyasathi mcverry eyeland wireless stationveril einsworthla sandesh pathavala. shevati, ardh-spashtatechya kalat, jeffriesne tyachya kartvyanmadhun mukt honyas sangitale aanee bickertonne kayamswarupi wireless operatorchi bhoomika sweekarli.
havamanat sudharana hott asatana, mossonne nirnay ghetala qee too madigan aanee hodgeman yanchyasobat antim slaging party kadhel, pramukhyane mageel varshachya pravasadarmyan fekaleli kinwa cashey keleli upkarane parat midvanyasathi. yamadhye teey mothya pramanat ayashasvi tharale. teey 12 december roji talavar paratale aanee denison divashi 'arora' aale. akheris 24 december 1913 roji teey cape denison sodoon gele. teey ravana hott asatana, tyanna tyanche haravalele sathidar, ninni aanee mertz yanchya smaranarth, bickerton aanee mclean yanni unch jaminivar ubharalela vadhastambh disala.
pashchimekadil tall.
aantar-bases wireless sampreshan shakya karnyasathi, mossionla cape denisonchya paschimes (aanee tyapeksha jaast nahee) pashchimekadil tall thevanyachi aasha hotee. janewari 1912 madhye cape denison partyla utaravalyanantar, 'arora' neey utaranyasathi yogya thikan naan shodhata, lakshyachya palikade, paschimekade pravas keela. 15 februwari roji, teey cape denisonche hote aanee hivalyat gothanyacha dhoka hota jevha tyanna 66°21′s, 94°51′e varr eka motha barfacha shelf sapadala. itar paryay naslyamule, wildney talasathi eka thikan mhanoon tyachi tapasani kelee aanee burf tutanyachi shakyata asoonahi, tyane too jokhim ghenyacha nirnay ghetala.
21 februvariparyant haah tall sthapan karnyat aala, jevha 'arora' hobartsathi ravana jhaala. 15 februwari roji jyacha vadhadivas yeto tyaa sheckletonchya navavarun jangaline yaa barfachya shelfche naav dile. cape denisonshee wireless sampark sthapit karnyache prayatna ayashasvi jhaale; teey yogya mastaka ubharu shakale naheet aanee tyanna aadhalale qee prasaran upkarananche mahattvapoorn bhag gahal aahet.
pudhchya varshi, pashchimekadil talavaril pakshane kamacha eka vyast karyakram purn keela. yamadhye talapasoon purv aanee paschimela done pramukh slaging pravasancha samavesh hota, jyat ekoon ovharche mapping kele gele. tyanni anek depo-bichhanachya depo-bichhanachya aanee antardeshiy patharacha shodh dekhil purn keela. tyanni niyamit hawaman, bhoogarbhiy, chumbakeey aanee itar vaidnyanik nirikshane kelee.
durgam barfane thambanyapurvi jangaline purvekade slaging party ghetali. sidney ivan johnschya netrutvakhalil eka chamoone 1902 madhye drygalskichya mohimedware sapadalelya namshesh jhalelya jwalamukhichya gosbergparyant pohochanyasathi pashchimecha pravas keela. februwari 1913 madhye, pakshane 'arora' chya paratanyachi aaturatene vaat pahili. talavar aanakhi eka varshasathichya taratudinabhavi, tyanni shikke aanee penguinchya mansacha satha vadhavun jahaj pohochanar nahee yaa shakyatesathi tayari kelee, parantu tyanna motha dilasa denyasathi, 23 februwari roji 'arora' disu lagla; tyach sandhyakalparyant purush, tyanchi upkarane aanee tyanchi vaiyaktik malmatta jahajavar hotee aanee jahaj hobartchya margavar hote.
mcwarry bett.
aayansvarthchya pakshane 1 janewari 1912 pasoon dainandin hawaman nirikshan suru kele aanee wireless station eka unch shikharavar, jyala wireless tekadi asey naav denyat aale hote, tyavar ubharanyat aale. februvarichya madhyaparyant, sthanakane sidnishi sampark sadhala hota aanee 12 meparyant, darrojche havamanache ahwal wellingtonla pathvat hote. cape denisonche sanket 25 september roji prathamach aikoo aale. tarihi, cape mcwarikadoon sandesh prapt karoo shakale nahee.
20 februwari 1913 roji, cape denisonshee dwimukhi sampark shevati sthapit jhaala aanee tyanantar sandeshanchi niyamitpane devanghevan kelee jaat asey. jyaa mcwarry partyla dilasa milanyachi apeksha hotee, tyane marchmadhye aikale qee cape denison denison hangamasathi karyarat asel aanee mhanoon mcwarry station novembarparyant khule rahane aavashyak aahe. meey mahinyat jyanna baher padayche aahe asha konatyahi pakshala puravatha jahaj uchaloo shakate, parantu sarvanni tethe rahanyache tharavale, asey mossonne rediovar sangitale.
heey lakshat yetach, hivalyatil tivra havamanamule 20 augustparyant puravatha jahajanna tyanchyaparyant pohochata aale nahee, toparyant tartudi aanee indhan puravatha sampanyachya jawal hota. arther soyer, joou aajari padala hota, tyala betavarun baher kadhanyat aale. "29 november roji 'arora' aale, jevha urvarit mcwarry paksh uchalala gela, tyachya jaagi rashtrakul hawaman vibhagachya sadasyanni jaaga ghetali.
samudrashastriy karya.
mohimeche mukhya samudrashastriy kaam 1912 madhye done samudraparyatan darmyan aanee 1914 madhye kinarpattichya pravasat, cape denisonchya antim antim karnyat aale. pahilya samudraparyatan, meey teey julai 1912, madhye, tasmaniyachya nairutyela, shahee companychya betanchya kathit sthanacha tapas samavisht hota, jyacha anek prasangi shodh ghenyat aala hota, parantu tyat yash aale navhate. "aurora" laa tyancha konatahi thavthikana sapadala nahee, kinwa samudratalavar konatyahi chhapparancha shodh lagla nahee jyamule budaleli bete soochit houu shakatat. samudrashastriy sanshodhanache mukhya kshetra mcwarry betachya sabhovatalacha samudra aanee pudhe aukland betanchya ishanyekade hote. november 1912 madhye dusra samudraparyatan yaa panyat paratala. hobartpasoon teen divas baher, samudrachya talaparyantchi kholee achanak qamee jhaali, jee mageel divashi mojali gelee hotee. truti aadhalalyas ghenyat aalele punaravrutti dhwani, tayar kele jaate. devisne yala budalelya parvatarangancha purava mhanoon ghetale jeey pragaitihasik kalat austreliyala antarcticshi antarcticshi bhoo pulacha bhag asoo shakate. tyanantarchya dhwani yaa siddhantachi pushti karnyat ayashasvi tharalya.
december 1913 madhye cape denison pakshachya urvarit sadasyanna tabyat ghetalyanantar, mossonne nirnay ghetala qee, gharee paratanyapurvi, teey paschimekade, sheckletonchya barfachya shelfparyant kinarpattiche aanee samudratalavaril sarvekshan kartil. heey kaam karpatra tharale aanee tyamule mosson aanee davis yanchyat matbhed nirman jhaale, jeey toparyant zopepasoon vanchit aanee thakalele hote. mossonne tyachya dindarshiket tevadhech namood keleh "mallah aasha aahe qee taana tyachyavar aanakhi kahee sanganar nahee". 1 janewari 1914 roji kaam suru jhaale aanee 2 februvariparyant bahutek purn jhaale. barfatil katheen kalavadhinantar, jyaa darmyan davis kvachitach pulatoon baher padale, 'arora' neey gharee jaanyacha pravas suru keela.
parinam.
26 februwari 1914 roji, "arora" chey utsahpurn swagat karnyasathi edelaid yethe pohochale. pudhchya mahinyasathi, 1 april roji londonla ravana honyapurvi, mosson tyachya vadhoo, pakita delprats, jichyashi tyane aadalya divashi lagn kele hote, reception aanee vaidnyanik baithakanchya vyast ferimadhye guntalela hota. londonmadhye, tyanni shahee bhaugolik sansthela vyakhyane dilee, ninisachya palakanna bhet dilee aanee marlberochya gharee ranichi aaee alekzandra aanee tichi baheen, rashiyachi rajkanya, yanni tyanche swagat kele. 29 juuna roji, austreliyala paratanyapurvi, tyala buckingham palacemadhye raja george pachva yane nitechi padvi dilee aanee nantar 1915 madhye royal geographic societychya sansthapakachya padkasah aanakhi anek sanman prapt jhaale.
austreliyamadhye, mossionla mohimechya karjachya vastavala samore jaave lagale. tyanni prastavit kele qee austreliyan sarkarne yaa mohimetoon 15,000 poundmadhye 'arora' aanee itar kalakruti aanee upkarane kharedi karavi-hii rakkam, tyanni mojali, jee keval serve thakbaki karjech bharoon kadhanar nahee tarr vaidnyanik ahwal tayar karnyasathi vittapuravatha karel. sarkarne tyala nakarle. tyaeivaji tyane shahee trans-antarctic mohimesathi (itae) keval 3,200 poundmadhye sheckletonla 'aurora' vikala aanee tyachya mohimechya itihasachya, 'daad hoome auph daad blizzard' chya vikridvare aanee harlechya chitrapat aanee chhayachitranmadhun chhayachitranmadhun nafyasah karjache santulan mitavanyachi aasha vyakt kelee. nantar 1914 madhye yuddh suru jhalyane pustakachya prakashanas vilamb jhaala, tarr kararachya samasyanmule aanee yuddhakade lokanche laksh gelyane chitrapatachya vitaranat adthala aala. parinami, pudhil 30 varshant vaidnyanik ahwal tukadyanni tayar karnyat aale, jeey shevatche 1947 madhye disu lagale.
yuddh suru jhalyavar mohimeche anek karmchari sashastr dalat bharati jhaale; begg-aadhich royal austreliyan abhiyantyanmadhil eka adhikari-1915 madhye gallipoli mohimedarmyan marla gela aanee mcwarry eyeland partychi manchitrakar aanee bhoogarbhshastradnya lesley blake 1918 madhye francemadhye eka kavachane gambhir jakhami houn maran pavali. barech jann antarcticmadhye partaleh mosson haah british austreliyan aanee newzealand antarctic sanshodhan mohimecha (banzare) neta mhanoon 1929-1931 madhye; davis, shackletonchya mohimetil ross see partisathi madat pravasasathi "arora" chaa karnadhar mhanoon aanee banzarechya pahilya tappyadarmyan capton mhanoon; hurley haah imperial trans-antarctic mohimet sameel jhaala aanee bandee ghalanyasathi swakshari kelee. wilde dekhil itemadhye sameel jhaala aanee 1921 madhye too tyachya antim mohimevar shackletonsobat gela, janewari 1922 madhye shackletonchya achanak mrutyunantar neta mhanoon padbhar swikarla. phaar western partycha sadasya asalelya charles harrisonne 1914 madhye mcwarry betala bhet dilee, parantu tyache jahaj austreliyachya paratanyachya pravasat konatyahi khunashivay gayab jhaale.
edeleidmadhye pohochalyanantar done divasanni jeffriesne trainne toumba yetheel tyachya gharee gela, parantu too kadhich pohochala nahee; eka mahinyanantar too victoriyatil staveljaval zadamadhye bhataktana sapadala. tyane pudhil varsh aashraygruhat ghalavale, parantu eka karmchari sadasyavar jhalelya hallyanantar, too ararat yethe gunhegari aashrayasathi vachanbaddha jhaala, jithe 1942 madhye tyacha mrutyu jhaala. mossonchya kaljichya aanee sahanubhootichya abhavabaddal tyachya kutumbane tivra teeka kelee; tyanni tyala anek patre lihili, jee spashtapane pratisad naan deta lihili gelee. 2018 madhye, jephrisala tyachya achinhit kabarichya thikanajavalil ararat smashanbhumit eka falak ubharun akher sanmanit karnyat aale.
moolyamapan.
mohimechya vaidnyanik karyat bhuvidnyan, jivashastra, havamanshastra, sthaliy chumbakatva aanee samudrashastra yaa kshetrancha samavesh hota; 30 varshanchya kalavadhit prakashit jhalelya anek ahavalanmadhye mothya pramanat mahitee bharali gelee. yaa ahavalanni antarcticachya tivra havamanache aanee tyachya prani aanee vanaspatinchya jivanache vistrut varnan kele. mcverry betavaril rile stationdware antarctic khand aanee austreliyachya mukhya bhoomidarmyan wireless sampark yashasviritya sthapit karanyachi hii pahili moheem hotee; tyane betacha pahila abhyas aanee nakasha dekhil pradan keela. tyachya aath pramukh slaging partyanni ekoon 1,50,000 pravas keela, tarr 'arora' adnyat kinarpattivarun pravas karat 55° rekhanshatun khandiy shelfche manchitran kele. harlichi chhayachitre aanee chitrapatanni eka sarvasamaveshak sachitra nond pradan kelee.
cape mosson, mosson coast, mosson dweepkalp, madigan nunatak, mertz glacier aanee ninis glacier yasah anek antarctic vaishishtyanmadhye mohimechya sadasyanna shraddhanjali vahanari nave aahet. hii moheem hii austreliyachya nantarchya antarctic khandavaril pradeshik davyanchya dishene pahile paul hote aanee yaa kshetratil tyachya konatyahi purvavartinpeksha mothya pramanat hotee. phrank hurley yanni mohimechya swarupacha saransh dilah "sheckletonne vidnyanala shodhanyakade valavale-mossonne vidnyanat shodh jodala". itihaskar gorden heyas yanchya matey, "mossonchi moheem, jee tyachya vyapti aanee kamgiri yaa donhinchya parimananusar mojali jaate, tee antarcticala jaanari aataparyantchi sarvat mothee aanee sarvat paripoorn moheem hotee."
sandarbh.
srot.
niyatkalike aanee niyatkalike.
sanketsthale

