charitra (qalaa)

kalpanik kathankamadhye, patra mhanje ekhadya katheteel vyakti kinwa itar vyakti (udaharanarth kadambari, natak, redio kinwa durdarshan malika, sangeet, chitrapat kinwa video game). heey patra purnapane kalpanik asoo shakate kinwa vastavik jivanavar aadharit asoo shakate, asha paristhitit 'kalpanik' viruddha 'vastavik' patracha farak keela jaau shakato. pracheen greek shabdavarun banalela, ingraji shabd punarsthapanapasun aala aahe, jaree 1749 madhye heinry fieldingdware 'tomm johns' madhye dislyanantar too mothya pramanat vaparla jaau lagla. yavarun, 'abhinetyane sakarleli bhoomika' haah arth vikasit jhaala. (yaa vikasapurvi, lattinmadhun ingerjit naisargikikrut aanee 'natakache mukhavate' assa arth asalelya 'dramatis person' yaa shabdane mukhavate yanchya shabdasha pailootil patranchya kalpanela samavisht kele.) patra, visheshtah jevha ekhadya abhinetyane natyagruhat kinwa chitrapatgruhat abhinay keela, tevha tyat 'manvi vyakti asalyacha bhram' samavisht asato. sahityamadhye, patra vachakanna tyanchya kathandware margadarshan karatat, tyanna kathanak samajoon ghenyas aanee vishayanvar vichar karnyas madat karatat. 18 vya shatkachya shevatapasun, abhinetyachya prabhavi pratirupanache varnan karnyasathi 'charitratil' haah vakyansh vaparla jaat aahe. aahe shatkapasoon, abhinete kinwa lekhakanni sarav kelyapramane patranchi nirmiti karnyachya culless charitrarachana mhanatat. 
ekhadya vishisht vargacha kinwa lokanchya gatacha pratinidhi mhanoon ubhe asalele patra eka prakar mhanoon olakhale jaate. prakaranmadhye stock varn aanee adhik purnapane vaiyaktikrut asha donhi varnancha samavesh hoto. udaharanarth, heinrich ibsen (1891) aanee august strindbergchya 'miss jyuli' (1888) madheel patre varg aanee ling yanchya samajik sambandhanmadhil vishisht sthananche pratinidhi aahet, jenekarun patranmadhil sangharsh vaicharik sangharsh ughad karatat.
patrachya abhyasasathi kamatil itar serve patranshi asalelya tyachya sambandhanche vishleshan karane aavashyak aahe. patrachi vaiyaktik sthitee hii itar patransah tayar tayar virodhkanchya (purvabhavini, vyavharik, bhashik, nikatvarti) jaalyandvare paribhashit kelee jaate. charitra aanee kathechi krutee yanchyatil sambandh aitihasikdrushtya badaltat, anekada samajatil badal aanee manvi vyaktimatva, aatmanirnay aanee samajik vyavasthebaddalachya tyachya kalpananchi nakkal karatat.
nirmiti.
kalpanik likhanat, lekhak vividh paddhatincha vapar karoon gatishil patre tayar karatat. kahivela patre kalpanashaktitun tayar kelee jaatat; itar udaharananmadhye, vastavik vyaktichya charitryachya vaishishtyala naveen kalpanik srushtit vistaroon tee tayar kelee jaatat.
bhoot aanee bhoot-pret.
mukhya patranchi nirmiti 'bhoot' vaparoon kelee jaau shakate. bhoot hii eka ghatana kinwa dosh aahe jee ekhadya dhyeyakade protsahan deuun patrachya kamanila chalana dete; bhoot kadhikadhi patrala "trasdayak" mhanoon varnan kele jaate. yaa trutiche nirakaran, bahutek vela parantu nehmi varr namood kelelya dhyeyaparyant pohochoon sadhya kele jaat nahee, tyala 'bhutrodhak' mhanatat. varnanatmak bhutamadhye sahasa eka aaghatatmak ghatana aanee parinami patratil truti yasarkhi karane samavisht asatat.
sahityasathi lokanna, anshatah kinwa purn.
ekhadya sahityasathi vyaktivar patra aadharit lekhak kinwa nirmata, tyanna mahit asaleli vyakti, eka aitihasik vyakti, jyanna teey bhetalele naheet ashee vartaman vyakti kinwa swatah, aanee nantarche ektar lekhak-surrogate kinwa swayam-samaveshache udaharan asoo shakate. pramukh patracha aadhar mhanoon vishisht charitrya vaishishtyansah sahaj olakhata yenyajogya prasiddha vyakticha vapar heey rupkatmak kamanche vaishishtya aahe, jase qee george aurwell yanni lihilele 'animal pharm', jyamadhye soviet krantikarkanche dukransarkhe chitran kele aahe. itar lekhak, visheshtah aitihasik kalpanaramya sahityasathi, sahityasathi lokancha vapar karatat aanee tyanchya jivanabhovati jivanabhovati kalpanik katha tayar karatat, jase qee 'daad parris wife' jeey ernest hemingvebhovati firate.
moolaroop aanee sangad varn.
anek sanskrutik paramparanmadhye samaan asalelya moolbhut charitranchya moolrupancha vapar karoon lekhak eka patra tayar karoo shakatoh pityachi aakruti, aaichi aakruti, nayak ityadi. kahee lekhak carl jangane sadar kelelya moolrupancha charitra vaishishtyancha aadhar mhanoon vapar karatat. samanyatah, jevha kahee pranalitil (jungsarkhe) mool namuna vaparla jaato, tevha katheche ghatak dekhil kathechya babatit pranalichya apekshanche palan karatat.
samanyapane sapat asalelya samanya varnancha vapar karoon lekhak kalpanik patra dekhil tayar karoo shakato. tyancha vapar sahayyak kinwa lahan patransathi keela jaato. tathapi, kahee lekhakanni bharpur tapshilvar patre tayar karnyasathi prarambhik bindu mhanoon stock varnancha vapar keela aahe, jase qee william shakespeare johnn falstafsathi aadhar mhanoon abhimanaspad sainik patracha vapar keela.
kahee lekhak tyanchya patransathi varnanam tayar karatat. varnanam heey asey naav aahe jeey vyaktichi mansik rachana soochit karate, rupkatmak sanket dete kinwa tyanchya swarupacha sandarbh dete. udaharanarth, shekspeareche mercutio navache bhavnik tarun purush patra aahe, johnn steinbeckche 'under aanee purush' madhye candy navache eka dayalu, god patra aahe aanee mervin pikche 'gormenghast' madhye steerpike navacha eka machiavelian, manipulative aanee khuni khalnayak aahe. varnanam dekhil swaroop darshavu shakate. udaharanarth, francois rabelayasne eka vishalkayala gargantua heey naav dile aanee 'pinochio' (1940) madheel vishal velala monstro asey naav dile.
prakar.
raund viruddha. sapat.
tyachya 'kadambariche pailu' yaa pustakat, udaa. emm. forsterne done moolbhut prakarchya patranchi vyakhya kelee, tyanche guna, karye aanee kadambarichya vikasasathiche mahattvah sapat varn aanee goal varn. sapat akshare hii dvi-aayami asatat, jyamadhye tee tulanene sopee asatat. yaulat, goal varn heey anek bhinn vaishishtyansah guntaguntiche aakruti asatat, jyancha vikas hoto, kahivela vachkala aashcharyachakit karnyasathi purese.
mansik drushtya, goal kinwa guntaguntichya patranna vyaktimatvachya paach mothya pratimankhali vyaktimatvachi paach parimane manali jaau shakatat. paach ghatak asey aaheth
sathyachi varn samanyatah eka-aayami aanee patal asatat. merrie sooj hii ashee patre aahet jee sahasa fance fictionmadhye disatat jee aksharshah dosharahit asatat aanee mhanoon sapat patre manali jaatat.
sapat varnancha aanakhi eka prakar mhanje 'walk-aun', hii sandnya seamor chatmandware asha patransathi vaparali jaate jee purnapane chitrit aanee vaiyaktikrut naheet; tyaeivaji tyaa parshvabhoomicha kinwa kathechya mandanicha bhag aahet.
gatishil viruddha. sthir.
gatishil patre mhanje katha badalat asatana badalatya patre, tarr sthir patre sampoorn kaal sarkhich rahatat. charles decainschya 'aaa khrismas caroll' chaa nayak ebenezer scruise heey sahityatil lokpriy gatishil patrache udaharan aahe. kathechya suruvatila too eka kadoo dukkhi asato, parantu kathechya shevati too eka dayalu, udar manus banato.
niyamit, varanvar aanee atithi patre.
durchitravanivar, niyamit, mukhya kinwa chaloo asalele patra mhanje eka patra jeey serve kinwa bahusankhya bhaganmadhye kinwa malikechya bhaganchya mahattvapoorn sakhalimadhye disate. niyamit akshare hii mukhya aanee duyyam asha donhi asoo shakatat.
malikechya dhavpalichya darmyan varanvar aanee varanvar disanari patra kinwa sahayyak patra. varanvar yenari patre anekada ekapeksha jaast bhaganmadhye pramukh bhoomika bajavtat, kahivela mukhya kendrabindu asatat.
atithi kinwa lahan patra mhanje joou keval kahee bhaganmadhye kinwa drushyanmadhye abhinay karato. niyamit patranpramane, pahunyanna kathanakat tyachya serve parinamansah kaljipurvak samavisht karanyachi aavashyakta naheeh teey natakacha eka bhag tayar karatat aanee nantar mukhya patranpramane, varnanatmak sanrachanevar parinam naan hota adrushya hotat, jyasathi konatyahi mahattvapoorn sangharshacha shodh ghene aavashyak aahe. tethe satat kinwa varanvar yenare atithi patra dekhil asoo shakate. kadhikadhi pahune kinwa lahan patra anpekshit lokpriyata midvu shakate aanee niyamit kinwa mukhya patrat badaloo shakate; yala breakout patra mhanoon olakhale jaate.
shastriy vishleshan.
natya siddhantatil sarvat pracheen hayat asalelya 'kavyatmak' (ποίτεις) yaa granthat, shastriy greek tatvadnyani aristotal asey gruheet dharato qee patra ('nitishastra') haah ethanian shokantikechya sahaa gunatmak bhaganpaiki eka aahe aanee too pratinidhitva abhinay teen vastunpaiki eka aahe (1450a12). tyala patra heey ekhadya kalpanik vyaktila darshavinyasathi nahee, tarr kathet abhinay abhinay aanee tyachya paristhitila pratisad pratisad vyakticha darja darshavinyasathi samajate (1450a5). too varnala 'joou nirnay konatyahi prakarcha prakat karato' (1450b8) asey paribhashit karato. tyamule, aristotalchya shabdachya arthane "patre" nasalelya katha asane shakya aahe, kaaran patramadhye krutee krutee naitik pravrutti spasht karane aavashyak aahe. jarr bhashananmadhye, vakta "kahihi tharvat nasel kinwa ajibat talhat nasel", tarr tyaa bhashananmadhye "varn nasatat" (1450b9-11). charitrapeksha ('naitikta') kathankala ('methos') pradhanya asalyacha yuktivad aristotal karato. too lihitoh
aristotal suchavatat qee, prathamatah, jyaa vyaktine tyanchi nirmiti kelee tyaa vyaktichya swabhavanusar kaame vegali kelee geleeh "mothe lock changlya krutinche pratinidhitva karatat, mhanje.eae. stutee aanee stutee-kavita tayar karoon" "uttam vyaktinche, tarr" samanya lock "abhikarmak rachana karoon" "khalchya vyaktinche pratinidhitva karatat" (1448bii20-1449aii5). yaa aadharavar, shokantika aanee vinodi chitrapatanmadhye pratinidhitva kelelya vyaktinmadhye farak disun aalah mahakavya kavitansah shokantika hii gambhir lokanche pratinidhitva aahe (1449bii9-10), tarr vinodi hii 'tyaeivaji nikrusht asalelya lokanche pratinidhitva aahe' (1449aii32-33).
tractatus coislinianus' madhye (jeey aristotaldware asoo shakate kinwa nasoo shakate), pracheen greek vinodi chitrapatachi vyakhya teen prakarchya patrancha samavesh mhanoon kelee gelee aaheh bafoon ('), vidambanatmak (') aanee dhongi kinwa badbad karnara (). heey tinhi chitrapat aristophensachya junya vinodi chitrapatanchya kendrasthani aahet.
done shatkannantar roman vinodi natakkar platsney tyanchi natake lihili toparyant natyamay shailinchi vyakhya karnyasathi patrancha vapar changlya prakare sthapit jhaala hota. tyachya 'amphitrion' chee suruvat eka prastavanepasun hote jyamadhye paaraa assa dawa karato qee yaa natkat raje aanee dev asalyane, teey vinodi asoo shakat nahee aanee eka shokantikeche natak asale pahije.

