
sapatpanachi samasya

sapatpanachi samasya (jyala vruddhatvachi samasya asehi mhanatat) hii vishvachya mahavisfot modelmadhil eka vishvashastriy sookshm-tuning samasya aahe. asha samasya yaa nirikshanatun udbhavtat qee vishvachya kahee prarambhik paristhiti atishay 'vishesh' mulyanshi susangat asalyache disate aanee yaa mulyanpasoonchya chhotya vichalanancha sadhyachya velee vishvachya swarupavar tivra parinam hoil.
sapatpanachya samasyechya babatit, sookshm-tune kelele disanare mapdand mhanje vishvatil padarth aanee urjechi ghanata. heey moolya avkash-velechya vakratevar parinam karate, eka sapat vishvasathi eka atishay vishisht nirnayak moolya aavashyak asate. vishvachi sadhyachi ghanata yaa gambhir mulyachya agadi jawal asalyache disun yete. gambhir mulyapasoon ekoon ghanata konatyahi prakare nighun gelyas, vaishvik kalanusar vegane vadhanar asalyane, prarambhik vishvachi ghanata gambhir ghanatechya agadi jawal asali pahije, jee 1062 kinwa tyapeksha qamee kalat tyachyapasun eka bhagane nighun gelee asavi. yamule brahmandshastradnyan prashna padato qee prarambhik ghanata yaa 'vishesh' moolyashi itakya jawalun kashee julavun ghetali gelee.
yaa samasyecha ullekh sarvapratham robbert dicke yanni 1969 madhye keela hota. vishvashastradnyanmadhye sarvat samanyatah swikarla gelela upay mhanje vaishvik chalanwadh, hii kalpana qee vishva mahavisfotanantar eka sekandachya pahilya bhagat atyant vegwan vistarachya alp kalavadhitun gele; monopole samasya aanee kshitij samsyesah, sapatpanachi samasya hii chalanvadhichya siddhantachya teen prathamik prerananpaiki eka aahe.
urjechi ghanata aanee friedman samikaran.
einsteinchya samanya sapekshatechya kshetra samikaranannusar, antaral kalachi rachana dravya aanee urjechya upasthitimule prabhavit hote. chhotya payyanvar jaaga sapat disate-tasech jarr konee lahan kshetrakade pahile tarr pruthvicha prushthbhag sapat disato. matra, mothya pramananvar, padarthachya gurutvakarshanachya prabhavamule jaaga vakate. sapekshata heey dravya aanee urja samatulya asalyache soochit karat asalyane, haah parinam padarthavyatirikt urjechya (jase prakash aanee itar vidyutchumbakiy kiranotsarg) upasthitidvare dekhil tayar hoto. vishvachya vakanyache (kinwa vakrateche) praman heey padarth/urja yanchya ghanatevar avalambun asate.
heey naate pahilya friedman samikaranadvare vyakt kele jaau shakate. brahmandshastriy sthirankashivay vishvat heey aaheh
yethe sootra _ 2 heey hubble parameter aahe, jeey vishvacha vistar hott asalelya darache mojmap aahe. sootra _ 3 heey vishvatil vastuman aanee urjechi ekoon ghanata aahe, sootra _ 4 haah praman ghatak aahe (moolatah vishvacha 'aakar') aanee sootra _ 5 haah vakrata mapdand aahe-mhanje, vakr avkashkal kitee aahe yache mojmap. sootra 5 chey sakaratmak, shoonya kinwa nakaratmak moolya anukrame bund, sapat kinwa khulya vishvashi sambandhit aahe. sthirank sootra 7 aanee sootra 8 heey anukrame newtonche gurutviya sthirank aanee prakashacha veg aahet.
brahmandshastradnya anekada heey samikaran klisht ghanata, sootra _ 9 paribhashit karoon sope karatat. sootra _ 2 chya dilelya mulyasathi, hii sapat vishvasathi aavashyak ghanata mhanoon paribhashit kelee jaate, i.eae. . tyamule vareel samikaran soochit karate
sthir sootra _ 7 dnyat asalyane aanee vistar darr sootra _ 2 heey aaplyapasun durchya aakashganga kitee vegane mage sarkat aahet yache nirikshan karoon mojale jaau shakate,
sootra _ 9 nishchit kele jaau shakate. tyache moolya sadhya jawalpas aahe. yaa gambhir mulyachya vastavik ghanatechya gunottarala ω mhanatat aanee 1 pasooncha tyacha farak vishvachi bhoomiti nirdharit karatoh gambhir ghanatepeksha jaast, aanee mhanoon eka bund vishva. qamee ghanata asalele khule vishva dete aanee ω barobar 1 eka sapat vishva dete.
friedman samikaran,
punha vyavastha karata yete
jeey sootra _ 17 gunank kelyanantar aanee sootra _ 18 vaparoon,
vareel shevatchya abhivyaktichya ujavya bajula keval sthirank aahet aanee mhanoon davya hatachi bajoo vishvachya utkrantidarmyan sthir rahili pahije.
jasjase vishva vistarat jaate tasatase praman ghatak sootra 4 vadhate, parantu dravya (kinwa urja) pasarat jaate tasatase ghanata sootra 3 qamee hote. vishvachya pramanit pratimanasathi, jyat tyachya bahutansh itihasasathi pramukhyane dravya aanee kiranotsarg aahe, sootra _ 23 vadhanyapeksha sootra _ 3 adhik vegane qamee hote aanee tyamule ghatak qamee hoil. plank yugachya kalapasoon, bigg bang nantar thodyach velat, hii sandnya sumare sootra _ 24 chya ghatakane qamee jhaali aahe aanee tyamule tyanchya utpadanache sthir moolya kayam thevanyasathi tyach pramanat vaadh jhaali asavi.
ω chey vartaman moolya.
mapan.
sadhyache ω chey moolya ω0 darshavile jaate. heey moolya spacetimechi vakrata mojoon kadhale jaau shakate (kaaran, kinwa sootra _ 25, jyachya ghanatesathi vakrata paribhashit kelee jaate). anek nirikshananvarun vakratecha andaj lavala jaau shakato.
asey eka nirikshan mhanje vaishvik sookshm tarang parshvabhoomitil (see. emm. bii.) kiranotsargatil anisotropies (mhanje, dishesah badal-khalee pahaa). see. emm. bii. heey vidyutchumbakiy vikiran aahe jeey vishva bharate, jeey tyachya itihasachya suruvatichya tappyapasoon urale aahe jevha teey photon aanee garam, daat plazmane bharale hote. vishvacha vistar hott asatana haah plazma thund jhaala aanee jevha too sthir anoo tayar karnyasathi puresa thund jhaala tevha too photon shoshat rahila nahee. tyaa tappyavar upasthit asalele photon tevhapasoon pasarat aahet, jasjase teey satat vistarat asalelya vishvat pasarat aahet tasatase teey mand hott aahet aanee qamee urjavan hott aahet.
yaa kiranotsargache tapman aakashatil serve bindunvar jawaljawal samaan asate, parantu vegvegalya dishanni prapt honanya tapmanat kinchit farak (100,000 madhye eka bhag) asato. yaa chadhautaranche koneey praman-aakashatil garam patt aanee thund pattyatil vishisht coone-heey vishvachya vakratevar avalambun asate jeey varr varnan kelyapramane tyachya ghanatevar avalambun asate. asha prakare, yaa koneey mapache mojmap ω0 chaa andaj lavu dete.
ω0 chee aanakhi eka shodhak mhanje pruthvipasoon vegvegalya antaravar asalelya prakar-aay. aii. supernovanchi varanvarta. heey supernova, adhogati jhalelya pandhya butkya tanyanche sphot, heey eka prakarche manak menbatti aahe; yacha arth assa qee tyanchya aantarik tejavar niyantran thevana prakriya changlya prakare samajalya jaatat jenekarun pruthvivarun pahilyavar "spasht" prakashache mojmap tyanchyasathi achook antarache mojmap midvinyasathi vaparale jaau shakate (antarachya chaurasachya pramanat qamee hott asaleli spasht chamak-prakashache antar pahaa). yaa antarachi tulana supernovachya laal badalanshi kelyane itihasatil vegvegalya tappyanvar vishvacha vistar kitee darane hott aahe yache mojmap milate. kalantarane vegvegalya ekoon ghanatesah brahmandshastrat vistar darr vegvegalya prakare vikasit hott asalyane, supernovachya detavarun ω0 chaa andaj lavala jaau shakato.
wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (doubleu. mapp, see. emm. bii. anisotropy mojane) madheel deta sloan digital skye sarvekshan aanee type-aay. aii. supernova nirbandh ω0 chya nirikshanansah 1 takkyachya aat 1 aahe. dusya shabdant, shabd .ω−1. sadhya 0.01 peksha qamee aahe aanee mhanoon plank yugat 10−62 peksha qamee asayala havey. plank antaral yaan mohimedware mojalya gelelya vishvashastriy mapdandanni doubleu. mapdware mageel parinamanchi pushti kelee.
parinam.
heey lahan moolya sapatpanachya samasyecha gabha aahe. jarr vishvachi prarambhik ghanata konatehi moolya gheu shakat asel tarr tee nirnayak moolya sootra _ 9 shhee 'bareek julavun' ghene atyant aashcharyakarak vatel. kharokhar, prarambhik vishvatil 1 pasoon ω chey agadi lahan prasthan kotyavadhi varshanchya vistaradarmyan mothe jhaale asate jenekarun gambhir pasoon khoop door vidyutpravah ghanata nirman hoil. atidrutatechya babatit yamule vishvachi itaki ghanata vadhel qee kahee varshanni kinwa tyapeksha qamee kalavadhit tyacha vistar thambel aanee too eka mothya kranchmadhye kosalel (bigg bangchya ulat jyamadhye serve padarth aanee urja punha atyant ghanatechya sthiteet yete); qamee ghanatechya babatit too itka lavkar vistarel aanee itka viral hoil qee too lavkarach moolatah rikama disel aanee gurutvakarshan itake majboot nasel qee padarth kosalel aanee mothya gothvanis karanibhoot honanya aakashganga tayar hotil. konatyahi paristhitit vishvat aakashganga, taare, grah aanee konatyahi prakarchya jivanasathichya jatil rachana nastil.
bigg bang modelchi hii samasya pahilyanda 1969 madhye robbert dicke yanni nidarshanas aanali hotee aanee yamule ghanatesathi itake vishisht moolya asave yaa kahee karanasathi shodh ghenyas prerana midali.
samasyevar upay.
kahee vishvashastradnyanni dickshee sahmati darshavali qee sapatpanachi samasya gambhir hotee, kaaran ghanatechya gambhiratechya jawal yenyasathi moolbhut kaaran aavashyak hote. parantu eka vichardharadekheel hotee, jine nirakaran karnyasathi eka samasya aahe heey nakarle, tyaeivaji assa yuktivad keela qee vishvachi kahee ghanata asane aavashyak asalyane tyache sootra _ 27 chya jawal asoo shakate aanee konatyahi vishisht mulyachya karanavar andaj lavane heey "vidnyanachya kshetrachya palikade" hote. matra, sapatpanachya samasyechya astitvabaddal sanshay asalelyanmadhyehi haah alpasankhyak drushtikon aahe. anek vishvashastradnyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, vividh karananmule, sapatpanachi samasya eka gairsamajavar aadharit aahe, parantu anek lock tyakade mothya pramanat durlaksh karatat asey disate. tathapi, vividh upay prastavit karnyasathi, puresha vishvashastradnyanni hii samasya vastavik mhanoon pahili.
manavvanshashastriy tattva.
yaa samasyevar eka upay mhanje manavvanshashastriy tattvacha vapar karane, jyamadhye asey mhatale aahe qee vishvachya gunadharmanchya karanambaddal andaj lavtana manavane tyanchya astitvasathi aavashyak asalelya paristhiti vicharat ghetalya pahijet. jarr done prakarche vishva samaan shakyata asalele asale, parantu keval ekach buddhiman jivanachya utkrantisathi yogya asel, tarr manavvanshashastriy tattva asey suchavate qee tyaa vishvat swatahla shodhane aashcharyakarak naheeh tyaeivaji dusare vishva astitvat asate tarr vastusthiti lakshat ghenyasathi konatehi nirikshak nasate.
sapatpanachi samasya kahisha vegalya prakare sodavanyasathi heey tattva lagoo kele jaau shakate. pahila ('majboot manavvansh tattva' chaa vapar) see. yanni suchavala hota. buub. collins aanee stephen hocking, jyanni 1973 madhye anant sankhyene vishvanche astitva asey manale qee prarambhik gunadharmanche pratyek sambhavya sanyojan kahee vishwakade hote. asha paristhitit, tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee, aakashganga aanee taare tayar karnyasathi achook ghanata asalele keval brahmandach manvansarkhya buddhiman nirikshakanchi nirmiti karatilah mhanoon, aapan ω heey 1 chya itake jawal asalyache nirikshan karato heey vastusthiti "fakt aaplya swatachya astitvache pratibimb asel."
eka paryayi drushtikon, joou 'kamkuvat manavvanshashastriy tattva' chaa vapar karato, too assa aahe qee vishva aakarane anant aahe, parantu vegvegalya thikani ghanata badalat aahe (i.eae. eka asamaroop vishva). tyamule kahee pradesh atee-daat aanee kahee qamee-daat asateel. heey pradesh atyant door asoo shakatat-kadachit aataparyant vishvachya yugat prakashala ekmekanpasun dusyakday jaanyasathi vel midala nahee (mhanje teey ekmekanchya vishvashastriy kshitijanchya baher aahet). mhanoon, pratyek pradesh moolatah eka swatantra vishva mhanoon vagelah jarr aapan jawaljawal gambhir ghanatechya mothya pattyat rahat asalo tarr aaplyala durchya khalchya kinwa atee-daat pattyanchya astitvachi mahitee milanyacha konatahi marg nasel kaaran tyanchyakadun konatahi prakash kinwa itar sanket aaplyaparyant pohochala nahee. tyanantar manavvansh tattwala aavahan kele jaau shakate, assa yuktivad keela jaau shakato qee buddhiman jeevan keval tyaa pattyanmadhye udbhavel jethe ω heey 1 chya agadi jawal aahe aanee mhanunach asey pattyamadhye aapale jeevan aashcharyakarak nahee.
haah nantarcha yuktivad manavvanshashastrachya tattvachi eka aavrutti vaparato, jee 'kamkuvat' aahe, yaa arthane qee tyala anek vishvanvar kinwa sadhyachya vishvachya aivaji astitvat asalelya vividh vegvegalya vishvanchya sambhavyatevar konatyahi anumananchi aavashyakta nahee. tyasathi keval ekach vishvachi aavashyakta aahe jeey anant aahe-kinwa itake mothe aahe qee anek vichchhedit patte tayar houu shakatat-aanee ghanata vegvegalya pradeshanmadhye badalate (jeey nishchitpane lahan pramananvar asate, jyamule aakashgangeche samooh aanee riktata nirman hotat).
tathapi, anek shastradnyanni manavvanshashastriy tattvavar teeka kelee aahe. udaharanarth, 1979 madhye bernard cair aanee martin rees yanni assa yuktivad keela qee heey tattva "purnapane poost hock aaheh teey adyap vishvachya konatyahi vaishishtyacha andaj lavnyasathi vaparale gele nahee.itaranni tyachya tatvik aadharavar aakshep ghetala aahe, 1994 madhye ernan mcmullinne lihile qee" kamkuvat manavvanshashastriy tattva kshullak aahe... aanee majboot manavvanshashastriy tattva akshamya aahe."anek bhautikshastradnya aanee vidnyanache tatvadnya heey tattva vaidnyanik paddhatishi susangat manat naslyamule, sapatpanachya samasyesathi aanakhi eka spashtikaranachi aavashyakta hotee.
chalanwadh.
sapatpanachya samasyevarcha manak upay vaishvik chalanvadhila chalana deto, eka ashee prakriya jyamadhye vishva vegane vistarte (i.eae. formula _ 4 tyachya suruvatichya itihasatil alpavadhit kahee sthir formula _ 31 sathee, time formula _ 30 saha formula _ 29 mhanoon vadhate. chalanvadhicha siddhant pahilyanda 1979 madhye prastavit karnyat aala aanee 1981 madhye alaan guth yanni prakashit keela. asey karnyasathi tyanchi done mukhya prerana sapatpanachi samasya aanee kshitij samasya, bhautik vishvashastrachi aanakhi eka sookshm-tuning samasya hotee. tathapi, december 1980 madhye jevha guth tyanche chalanvadhiche model vikasit karat hote, tevha teey sapatpana kinwa kshitij samasya sodavanyacha prayatna karat navhate. kharey tarr, tyaveli tyanna kshitij samasyebaddal kahich mahitee navhati aanee tyanni kadhihi sapatpanachya samasyechi parimanatmak ganana kelee navhati. teey chumbakeey monopole samasya sodavanyacha prayatna karnare kann bhautikshastradnya hote.
chalanvadhiche prastavit kaaran heey eka kshetra aahe jeey avkashat pasarate aanee vistarala chalana dete. kshetramadhye eka vishisht urja ghanata asate, parantu kalantarane qamee honanya padarthachi ghanata kinwa vishvachya uttaradhat upasthit asalelya kiranotsargachya ulat, jaaga vistarat asatana chalanvadhichya kshetrachi ghanata andaje sthir rahate. mhanoon, scale factor formula 4 vegane vadhat asalyane formula 17 hii sandnya atyant vegane vadhate. friedman samikaran aathavane
aanee yaa abhivyaktichi ujavi bajoo sthir aahe, mhanoon sootra _ 35 hii sandnya kalanusar qamee hone aavashyak aahe.
asha prakare jarr sootra _ 35 suruvatila konatehi aniyantrit moolya ghet asel, tarr chalanvadhicha kalavadhi tyala 0 kadey khalee dhakalu shakato aanee too atishay lahan thevu shakato-udaharanarth, varr aavashyak asalelya sootra _ 37 chya aaspas. vishvachya tyanantarchya utkrantimule moolya vadhel, jyamule teey sadhyachya 0.01 chya nirikshan kelelya mulyaparyant yeil. asha prakare ω chya prarambhik mulyavaril sanvedanshil avalambitva kadhoon takale gele aaheh eka mothe aanee mhanoon 'aashcharyakarak' prarambhik moolya vadhavanyachi garaj nahee aanee aakashganga aanee itar sanrachana tayar karanyachi sandhee nasalelya atishay vakr vishwakade nett nahee.
sapatpanachya samasyeche nirakaran karnyatil heey yash chalanvadhichya siddhantachya pramukh prerananpaiki eka manale jaate.
chalanvadhinantar.
jaree chalanvadhichya siddhantala barech yash midale aahe asey manale jaat asale, aanee tyache purave saktiche asale taree teey sarvatrikpane sweekarle jaat naheeh vishvashastradnyanna heey samajate qee siddhantat ajunahi antar aahe aanee bhavishyatil nirikshane teey chukiche siddha kartil yaa shakyatesathi teey khule aahet. visheshtah, chalanvadhila chalana denare kshetra kase asave yasathi konatahi thos purava naslyamule, siddhantachya anek bhinn aavrutya prastavit kelya gelya aahet. yapaiki anekanmadhye mapdand kinwa prarambhik paristhiti asatat jyasathi swatahsathi agadi agadi agadi lavkarchya ghanatepramane, chalanvadhishivay, bareek-tuningchi aavashyakta asate.
yaa karananmule sapatpanachya samasyevar paryayi upayanvar ajunahi kaam kele jaat aahe. yamadhye gadad urja aanee gurutvakarshanachya parinamache pramanit nasalele arth, dolansheel vishvatil kananche utpadan aanee samasya astitvat nahee assa yuktivad karnyasathi biasian sankhyikeey drushtikonacha vapar yancha samavesh aahe. udaharanarth, evard aanee coles yanni suchavalelya nantarchya yuktivadat asey mhatale aahe qee ω heey 1 chya jawal asane 'ashakya' aahe hii kalpana, aavashyakpane nyayya nasalelya mapdandanchya sambhavya vitarnabaddalchya gruhitkanvar aadharit aahe. heey chaloo kaam asoonahi, chalanwadh heey sapatpanachya samasyeche pramukh kaaran aahe. tathapi, heey sarvottam spashtikaran aahe qee yaa samasyechya pragatichi samudayala mahitee nahee, heey ajunahi pramukh spashtikaran aahe qaa, assa prashna upasthit hoto. visheshtah, yaa sandarbhat ω haah yogya mapdand nahee yaa kalpanevyatirikt, sapatpanachya samasyeviruddha itar yuktivad sadar kele gele aaheth jarr bhavishyat vishva kosalale tarr sapatpanachi samasya "astitvat aahe", parantu tulanene qamee kalasathi, tyamule eka samanya nirikshak ω mojanyachi apeksha karnar nahee jeey 1 peksha lakshaniyaritya vegale aahe; sakaratmak vishvashastriy sthirankashi kayamche vistarna vishvachya babatit, (jawaljawal) sapat vishva prapt karnyasathi, parantu teey talhanyasathi dekhil bareek-tuning aavashyak aahe.
einstein-carton siddhant.
sapatpanachi samasya naisargikaritya gurutvakarshanachya einstein-carton-sayama-kibble siddhantadvare, chalanvadhichya siddhantat aavashyak asalelya padarthachya videshi swarupashivay sodavali jaate. haah siddhant ephene jodanichya samamitichi maryada kadhoon aanee tyachya antisymmetric bhag, tortion tensorshee sambandhit, gatishil chull mhanoon samanya sapekshatecha vistar karato. tyala konatehi mukt mapdand naheet. ghusatyacha samavesh gurutvakarshanachya upasthitit padarthachya ekoon (kakshiy adhik aantarik) koneey gatisathi yogya sanwardhan niyam deto. nonlinear diarek samikaranache palan karananya tortion aanee diarek spinnersmadhil kiman jodanimule spin-spin parasparkriya nirman hote jee atyant uchch ghanatevar fermionic padarthat mahattvapoorn aahe. asha parasparsanvadamule bhautik bigg bangchi ekatmata talhali jaate, tyachya jaagi maryadit kiman praman ghatkavar usalee yete, jyachya aadhi vishva sankuchit hott hote. mothya usalinantar lagechach honara vegwan vistar heey spasht karato qee sarvat mothya pramanavaril sadhyache vishva sthanikdrushtya sapat, eksandh aanee samasthanik qaa disate. jasjase vishvachi ghanata qamee hote tasatase tiralepanache parinam kamkuvat hotat aanee vishva sahajpane kiranotsarg-varchasva asalelya yugat pravesh karate.