
whitehall gut

whitehall gut (kinwa qamee varanvar, whitehall vartul) hii eka sandnya qalaa parangat, sangrahak aanee aashraydatyanchya eka chhotya vartulala lagoo hote, jeey raja charles pahila yachyashi jawalun sambandhit aahet, jyane italian junya mastersasathi englandmadhye eka chav aanali. yaa sandnyemadhye sahasa sallagar aanee pratinidhi yancha samavesh asato, jyanni samoohala kalakrutinchya adhigrahanas madat kelee.
vapar.
whitehall group' haah shabd oliver millerne 1956 madhye eka niyatkalikatil lekhat aanee tyanantar 1958 chya pustakat vaparla hota. 1971 madhye prakashit jhalelya eka pustakat tyanni 'whitehall circle' haah shabd vaparla. yaa shabdamadhye swatah raja charles pahila aanee tyachya anek jawalchya sahakanyancha samavesh aahe, jyat duke auph buckingham, earl auph arundel, pembrokche tisare aanee chauthe earles, earl auph northumberland aanee duke auph hamilton yancha samavesh aahe. tyanchya darmyan, tyanni italian junya gurujananchi chav englandmadhye aanali. 16vya shatkatil italian chitre dutch chitranpeksha adhik maulyavan hotee. yaa gatane mothya pramanat paradeshi-janmalele kalakar aanee karagir, jyanna tyanni londonmadhye kaam karnyache aamish dakhavale, tyanchyakadun naveen kamehi suru kelee.
arundel haah kadachit yaa gatacha sarvat samarpit parkhi hota, tarr hamiltonne keval rajache qaan midvanyasathi qalaa sankalanat rus ghetala asava. yaa gatane sallagar, pratinidhi, vitarak aanee rajdutanchya ullekhaneey jaalyachya madhyamatoon kaame midavali, jyanni kalechi shahee aavad nirman kelee aanee gatachya sangrahanchya nirmitimadhye tyancha lakshaniy prabhav hota. yamadhye william patty, surr doodly carlton, balthzar gerbier, baine johnson aanee inigo johns yancha samavesh hota.
upkram.
charles pahila yachya rajyabhishekanantar, qalaa aanee sangrah haah darbaratil jivanacha avibhajya bhag banala. chitranchya qamee kharchacha fayda ghet alpavadhitach lakshaniy sangrah gola karnyat haah gut yashasvi jhaala. tyanni chitre aanee shilpe aanee chitrakalesaha itar kalakruti gola kelya. 17 vya shatkatil chitranpeksha heey adhik maulyavan hote. chitrakalechya babatit, tyanna pramukhyane junya shilpkaranchya sampadanat rus hota, parantu rubens aanee vanne dike sarkhya utkrusht samkalin kalakaranni naveen kaame kelee. tyanchya darmyan tyanni elex trumbleche varnan 'british parangatatetil sarvat netradipak parantu alpakalin bhag' asey kele. gatachya upkramancha parinam mhanoon, yadavi yuddhachya purvasandhyela, yaa gatajavalil londonchya bhagat, jyat gatachya bahutek sadasyanchi londonchi ghare hotee, tyat jagatil kahee utkrusht chitre hotee.
gatache sadasya.
raja charles pahila.
raja charles pahila haah british rajanmadhye kalecha sarvat utkat aanee udar sangrahak hota aanee rajeshahibaddalachya tyachya bhavya drushtikonacha prachar karnyacha eka marg mhanoon kalakade pahat asey. kaleteel tyachi aavad suruvatila tyacha motha bhau heinry yane uttejit kelee aanee tyanantar buckinghamcha pahila duke george villiers yane tyachya utsahala protsahan dile. too aanee buckingham charlescha raja phillip chauthachya bahinishi vivah nishchit karnyacha prayatna karat asatana madrid bajarat vikat ghetalelya 'women inn aaa phara rapp' (ujavikade) heey tyache pahile adhigrahan hote. sumare vees varshanchya kalavadhit, raja charlesne europemadhil kalakrutinchya sarvat mothya sangrahanpaiki eka ekatra thewala, joou "anek pratinidhi aanee parangatanchya dolhyanvar aanee kananvar" avalambun hota. charlesne italimadhun mothya pramanat kharedi kelee, jithe aarthik paristhiticha arth assa hota qee sankalan malakanna paise gola karane aavashyak hote. 1628 madhye tyane too vilakshan sangrah vikat ghetala jyachi manduchya gonzaganna vilhewat lavnyas bhag padale gele. yacha parinam mhanoon, tyachya sangrahane spainchya rajachya sangrahala takkar dilee. kaleteel tyachya ruchimule tyala pasanti midvanyacha prayatna karananya kinwa vivah vataghaticha bhag mhanoon european shasakanni tyala kaame dilee.
1625 madhye aaplya rajyabhishekanantar tyane aaghadichya paradeshi chitrakaranna englandmadhye aananyacha prayatna keela. 1626 madhye, too oragio gentileshila englandmadhye sthayik honyasathi patvoon deu shakala, nantar tyachi mulgi artemisia aanee tyachi kahee mule tyachyasobat sameel jhaali. rubens, joou akheris 1630 madhye mutsaddi mohimevar londonla aala, too eka vishesh lakshya hota. londonmadhye asatana rubensane rangavale aanee nantar antwerpmadhun adhik chitre puravali. nauu mahinyanchya bhetidarmyan tyanna khoop changli vaganuk denyat aalee, jyaa darmyan tyanna nitechi padvi denyat aalee. charlesne akheris rubencha shishya vanne dike yala londonmadhye sthayik honyasathi patvoon dile.
charlesne ingraji aanee paradeshi darbari chitrakaranna niyukt kele jyanchyakadun tyane naveen kaame suru kelee. vanne dike vyatirikt, yamadhye cornelius johnson aanee daniele mytons yancha samavesh hota. vanne dikechi, visheshtah ghodyavar basalelya chhayachitranni, charles khoop lahan (unchapeksha qamee) hota yaa vastusthitila lapvoon rajyachi adhikrut aanee bhavya pratima sadar kelee.
tyachya sangrahatil bahutansh bhag sanrakshit kalat vikrisathi thevanyat aala hota. spanish aanee french sangrahakarte doghehi chitre midvanyat sakriy hote aanee anek sarvottam kaame aata european sangrahanmadhye aahet. tathapi, jirnoddharadarmyan englandmadhye asaleli anek kaame parat karnyat aalee aanee aata tee shahee sankalanacha bhag bunley aahet.
thomas howard, earl auph arundel.
thomas, earl auph arundel (kadhikadhi 'collector earl' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) aanee tyanchi patni alethia heey samarpit qalaa parkhi hote. teey englandchya suruvatichya kalatil sarvat mothe sangrahak hote. thomas yanna tyanche kaka barren lumale yanchya sangrahatoon kahee kaame midali hotee. 1613 madhye, arundel aanee tyachya patnine inigo johns aanee 34 sevakanchya (jyapaiki william petty hota) sahvasat italila vistarit bhet dilee. venismadhye, surr doodly carlton, jeey venisache rajdoot hote, teey tyanchyasobat sameel jhaale.
jevha countesla tichya vadilanchya malmattecha eka trutiyansh bhag varshane midala tevha teey sankalanachi tyanchi aavad pudhe neuu shakale. putale aanee chitre gola karnyachya tyanchya upkramanvar, daniele mijetens yanni tyanchya shilp aanee chitra dalnansamor chitrit kelelya chhayachitranchya jodimadhye bharr denyat aala.
gruhyuddhamule teey paradeshat paloon gele. swatacha udarnirvah karnyasathi vikri karanyachi garaj asalyamule tyancha sangrah haloohaloo vikhurla gela. arundelcha mrutyu jhaala tevhahi tyachyakade 700 chitre hotee, jyat shilpakala, pustake, chhap, rekhachitre aanee pracheen daginyancha motha sangrah hota. arundel marbles mhanoon olakhalya jaananya sangamarvari koreev kamancha tyacha bahutansh sangrah akheris auxford vidyapithakade sodanyat aala. alethiyachya mrutyunantar, sangrahatil jeey kahee shillak hote teey tyanchya mulane vikale.
george villiers, buckinghamcha pahila duke.
james pahila aanee charles pahila yaa doghanchihi buckingham hii aavadati hotee. tyanche london yetheel nivassthan asalelya york hausmadhye pradarshit jhalelya kalakrutinche teey eka mahan sangrahak hote. buckingham charles (tevha wellscha rajkumar) sobat madridla gela aanee tyane spanish rajacha qalaa sangrah pratyaksh pahila. buckinghamne tyachyasathi chitre gola karnyasathi balthzar gerbierla niyukt kele. november 1624 madhye gerbier tyachyasathi kharedi mohimevar romla gela. 1635 madhye, buckinghamchya mrutyunantar, tyachya sankalanachi yadee tayar karnyat aalee. tyanantar, sansadene haah sangrah japt keela aanee kahee kamancha "gairavapar" karnyat aala. sansadene aadesh deela qee trimurthy kinwa kumarichi chitre nasht kelee jaavi, parantu asey ghadale asalyache disat nahee. kalantarane, sangrahatil kahee bhag earl auph northumberland aanee ebot monteg yanni vikat ghetale, tarr itar bhag 1758 madhye lilavat vikale gele.
william herbert, pembrokcha tisra earl.
too eka darbari aanee kalecha mahattvacha aashraydata hota, jyane james pahila aanee charles pahila yaa doghanchya adhipatyakhali kaam kele. baine johnson aanee inigo johns yaa doghannahi tyachya aashrayamule fayda jhaala. herbertney 1605 madhye italichya dauyasathi inigo jonsasathi paise dile hote asey disate.
phillip herbert, pembrokcha chautha earl.
1630 madhye tyacha bhau, tisra earl yachya mrutyunantar tyala padvi aanee qalaa sangrah donhi varsa midala. aubrechya matey, tyala "chitrakalechi prachand aavad hotee" aanee too "surr anthany vanne dikecha mahan aashraydata hota.
yadavi yuddhat tyanni sansadela pathimba dilyane, tyancha sangrah qamee-adhik pramanat abadhit rahila. wiltshiremadheel wilton hausmadhye teey pradarshit kele aahe. 17 vya shatkat gharachya punarvikrimadhye inigo johnscha sahbhag hota, jyat sangrahatil eka bhag asalelya ekal ghan kholicha samavesh hota.
james hamilton, earl auph arrange, nantar tisra markis aanee hamiltoncha pahila duke.
1623 madhye hamilton tyachya vadilansobat charles, prince auph wells aanee buckingham, yanna spainmadhye sameel honyasathi gela, jithe tyane prathamach pramukh european kalakaranchi kalakruti pahili. gatatil itar sadasyanpeksha lahan asale taree hamilton qalaa sangrahak mhanoon prasiddha jhaala. 1636 teey 1638 darmyan tyane 600 chitre midavali. jevha tyancha mrutyu jhaala, tevha tyanchi anek chitre utkatatene rangali aanee kahee tennierschya 'aarchdyukchya chitragruhatil drushyanchya' parshvabhumivar disu shakatat.
sallagar aanee pratinidhi.
balthzar gerbier.
garbier tatkalin prince auph wells aanee duke auph buckingham yanchyasobat madridla tyanchya spanish rajkumarishi lagn karnyachya prayatnat tyanchya vichitra bhetivar gela. gerbier tyaa doghanna spanish shahee aanee udatt chitrasangrahanna bhet denyasathi gheuun gela, jyamule charleschi kaledware kaay sadhya karata yeil yabaddalchi aavad jagrut jhaali. charlesne henrietta mariashi proxidware lagn kele tevha too buckinghamsobat parisla gela. tyane itali aanee dakshin netherlandsmadhye buckinghamcha pratinidhi mhanoon kaam kele.
buckinghamne gerbiyarsathi tyachya london yetheel nivassthani, york hausmadhye rahanyachi soya kelee. buckingham aanee (buckinghamchya hatyenantar) whitehall gatachya itar sadasyanchya vatine gerbierne kaam karane suru thewale. 1640 madhye, tyane raja aanee arundelchya earl yaa doghannahi patra lihoon rubensachya mrutyuchi ghoshana kelee aanee yamule uttam chitre midvanyachi sandhee upalabdh jhaali asey sangitale.
daniele nijs.
daniele nijs haah "eka vichitra, sandigdha, saumya vikreta hota joou italila changlya prakare olakhat hota". 1621 madhye tyane buckinghamchya dukesathi gerbierne titianche 'exe homo' kharedi karnyas madat kelee. nijs eka vyavharat sahbhagi hota jyadvare chitre aanee shilpancha sangrah surr doodly carltonchya madhyamatoon earl auph arundella gela. nicolas laniersobat, jevha tyane garganza sangrah vikat ghetala tevha tyane charles pahilacha pratinidhi mhanoonahi kaam kele.
william petty.
petty haah arundelchya arlacha padari hota. westmorlandmadhil solby yethe peticha janm jhaala aanee kendalmadhil vyakaran shalenantar too khraist college, cambridge yethe gela. beverley yethe shikavalyanantar tyanna cambridge yetheel yeshu mahavidhyalayat shishyavrutti midali. too 1613 madhye arundelchya gharat sameel jhaala aanee inigo jonsasobat heidelberg aanee italichya dauyat tyacha samavesh karnyat aala. arundelane tyala kalaprashanseche prashikshan dile. tyanantar pattyne itali, greece aanee ashiya minormadhye anek varshe arundelsathi agent mhanoon kaam kele. charles pahila yane julai 1634 madhye bartolomeo della nevhchya sangrahatil chitranchya vikrisathi tyala venismadhye tyacha pratinidhi mhanoon niyukt kele. rajane konatihi kharedi swatamadhye aanee itar teen bhagdharkanmadhye samaan pramanat vibhaganyachi vyavastha kelee.
inigo johns.
johns heey eka vastuvisharad, kalakar aanee parangat hote, jeey charles I chya darbarat karyarat hote. anek darbari mukhavate aayojit karoon aanee tyanchya parshvabhumivar gatachya sangrahatil pratima samavisht karoon tyanni darbari sanskrativar sarvat jaast prabhav padala. arundelanchya italichya dauyavar teey tyanchyasobat hote. 1628 madhye, tyala (nicolaus laniers) charles 1 chya kalakrutinchi yadee ekatra thevanyachi soochana denyat aalee.
surr doodly carlton (nantar viscont dorchester).
1610 madhye carltonla nitechi padvi denyat aalee aanee venis yethe rajdoot mhanoon pathvanyat aale. tyane charles (nantar duke auph york) aanee whitehall gatachya itar sadasyansathi kalakruti shodhanyas suruvat kelee.
1616 madhye tyanchi netherlandsmadhye rajdoot mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. tyane qalaa vyavasayat aapali ruchi kayam thewali, chitransathi rubens putalyanchi devanghevan kelee. tyane pembroke, buckingham aanee arundel yansarkhya sangrahakansathi madhyasth mhanoon kaam kele, jyanna tyane daniele mytons aanee gerard vanne honthorst yanchi chitre pathavali.
abraham vanne dair dert.
vanne dair dertney suruvatila prince henrisathi kaam kele aanee tyachya mrutyunantar vanne dair dert charles I chya sevet gela. too charlsasathi rajachya chhayachitrancha sarvekshak hota aanee rajachya qalaa sankalanachi yadee thevat asey. heey catalog sampoorn hastalikhit mhanoon tikoon aahe aanee ellis waterhousene tyache varnan "europemadhil tyanchya kalatil sarvat purn catalog" asey kele aahe."
nicolaus lanier.
nicolaus lanier haah rajachya sangitacha parangat hota. 1625 madhye too italila gela, rajakadoon chitre vikat ghetali, jyat gonzaga (mantuan) sangrah midvanyasathi daniele nyesobat kaam karane samavisht hote. tyanantar tyala (inigo johns) charles aay. chya kalakrutinchi yadee tayar karanyachi soochana denyat aalee.
baine johnson.
baine johnson heey shastriyadrushtya sushikshit, sushikshit aanee susanskrut ingraji punarujjivanache vyaktimatva hote, jyancha sanskrutik prabhav atulaneey hota. tyanni "tyanche bahutansh ayushya whitehall yetheel ingraji darbarajaval vyateet kele aanee tyanchya likhanat darbar pramukhpane disun yeto".
1604 madhye james I sathichya darbaratil mukhavatacha lekhak mhanoon too gatatil kahee sadasyanmadhye olakhala jaau lagla. tyala pembrokchya earls gatachya sadasyanni pathimba deela, jyala johnsonne epigramcha sangrah samarpit keela. pahilya maskanantarchya tees varshant, johnson heey varshala ekapeksha jaast maskache lekhak hote, jeey anekada inigo jonsasobat kaam karat asat. yaa mukhavate carolinechya anganatil culless aakar denyas madat karatat.
too kayamswarupi maitri karoo shakala aanee mahan lokanchya aadaratithyache aanee jacobian samajachya bhalyasathi aavahan karoo shakala. tyachya darbari mukhavate vyatirikt, tyala kuleen aashraydatyankadunhi commission midale jyanna shahee pahunyanchya sanmanarth khajgi utsav aayojit karane aavashyak hote.