
sthapatyakaletil nivadakta

sargrahita hii 19vya aanee 20vya shatkatil sthapatyashaili aahe, jyamadhye eka kalakrutimadhye purvichya aitihasik shailinmadhil ghatakanche mishran samavisht karoon naveen aanee mool kahitari tayar kele jaate. vastukala aanee aateel rachana yaa ghatakanmadhye sanrachanatmak vaishishtye, furniture, sajavatiche hetu, vegale aitihasik alankar, paramparik sanskrutik rachana kinwa itar deshantil shaili yancha samavesh asoo shakato, jyat samanyatah prakalpasathi tyachi yogyata aanee ekoon saundarya moolya yavar aadharit mishran nivadle jaate.
19vya aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatichya kalatil anek vastuvishardansathihi haah shabd vaparla jaato, jyanni tyanchya grahakanchya kinwa tyanchya swatachya ichchhenusar vividh shailinmadhye imaratinchi rachana kelee. shaili samanyatah punarujjivanvadi hotya aanee pratyek imarat nivadak shailimadhye bahudha kinwa purnapane susangat asoo shakate kinwa swatach eka sargrahi mishran asoo shakate. gothick punarujjivan vastukala, visheshtah charchmadhye, eka vishisht madhyayugeen kalkhandatil aanee pradeshatil tulanene "shuddha" punarujjivan shailisathi prayatna karanyachi shakyata hotee, tarr neoclassical, barok, palazzo shaili, jacobethan, romansk aanee itar anek punarujjivit shailinna adhik muktapane vagavale jaanyachi shakyata hotee. 
itihas.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat sargrahipanachi suruvat jhaali, kaaran vastuvishardanni ashee shaili shodhali jyamule tyanna purviche aitihasik udaharan tikavoon thevata yeil, parantu naan pahilelya rachana tayar karata yeteel. bhootkalatil shailinchya sampoorn soochitoon, shaili misalanyachya aanee ekatra karnyachya kshamatemule adhik abhivyakti swatantrya midale aanee tyanni preranecha antaheen srot pradan keela. itar rachana vyavsayikancha ('punarujjivanvadi' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya) uddesh bhootkalatil shailinche katekorpane anukaran karane haah hota, tarr sargrahipana vegala hota, kaaran mukhya prerak shakti mhanje nirmiti hotee, nistejpana nahee aanee rachana mool asanyachi ichcha hotee.
europe.
france (sunder qalaa vastukala), ingland (victorian vastukala) aanee germany (grunderzit) yasarkhya vividh deshanmadhye, tyanchya kamavar adhik abhivyakti swatantrya midave yasathi vastuvishardanmadhye vadhana dabawala pratisad mhanoon, nivadak vastukala pratham khandiy europemadhye disali.
pahilya vyavsayik sthapatyashastriy shalanpaiki eka manalya jaananya parismadhil ecole days beaux-artsney vidyarthyanna kathor aanee shaikshanik paddhatine prashikshit kele, tyanna kaushalye aanee vyavsayik pratishthene susajj kele. ecole yetheel shikshak heey francemadhil kahee aaghadiche vastuvisharad hote aanee shikavanyachi hii naveen paddhat itaki yashasvi hotee qee tine jagbharatil vidyarthyanna aakarshit kele. anek padvidhar pudhe yaa chalvaliche pranete banale aanee tyanni tyanchya sunder kalanchya prashikshanacha vapar naveen sargrahi aarakhadyancha paya mhanoon keela.
yaa shailichya vastukalechi pratha vyapak hotee (aanee tyaa velee bandhalelya anek nagar sabhagruhanmadhye tee pahili jaau shakat hotee), europemadhil sargrahitemule americet disanara utsah prapt jhaala nahee-jase qee asey manale jaat hote qee junya, assal vastukalechya upasthitimule naveen imaratinmadhil aitihasik anukaranache aakarshan qamee jhaale.
uttar america.
19vya shatkachya akheris american sthapatyakalet sakhol badal jhaala. parismadhil ecole days beaux-artsmadhye shikalele, richard mauris hunt aanee charles faulan mackim yansarkhe vastuvisharad, europemadhun beaux-artscha drushtikon parat aananyasathi jababdar hote, joou americetil sargrahi vastukalecha paya asalyache mhatale jaat hote. vadhatya samruddhichya aanee vyavsayik abhimanachya kalat, deshbharatil mothya shaharanmadhye anek nivadak imarati suru karnyat aalya. purvi keval britton aanee francesarkhya european deshanchya abhijat sthapatyakalet disanari aitihasik vaishishtye sadar kelyamule hii shaili bharbharatila aalee, jyamule americetil sanskruti aanee itihasachya samruddha bhavnela hatbhar lagla. shikar aanee itar anek sargrahi vastuvishardambabat, tyanchya 'samanyatah sargrahi drushtikona' mule tyanna vishisht prakalp kinwa grahakala jeey kahee yogya aahe tyachya aadhare shailibaddha nivad karnyas saksham kele. julavun ghenyachi aanee shailinmadhye muktapane misalanyachi hii lavchikta nivadak designersna grahakanna adhik aakarshit karate.
church, nyayalaye, shahar sabhagruh, sarvajanik granthalaye aanee chitrapatgruhe yasarkhya gaganchumbi imarati aanee itar mothya sarvajanik jaganchya nirmiticha arth assa hota qee nivadak rachana aata keval uchch samajachya sadasyansathich navhati, tarr samanya lokansathi dekhil sulabh hotee. yapaiki kahee imarati padalya gelya asalya taree (mool pensylvania sthanak aanee pahilya maddison chauras udyanasah-donhi newyork shaharatil), yaa yugatil uralele prakalp ajunahi americetil kahee sarvat mahattvachya sanrachana mhanoon moolyavan aahet.
pasarato.
nivadak rachanechi kahee sarvat tokachi udaharane samudratil jahajanvar (jeey tyaa velee paradeshi vahatukiche prathamik swaroop hote) disu shakatat. paradeshatil mahinyanchi aswasthata qamee karnyachya aanee prasthapit bhavyatecha bhram nirman karnyachya prayatnat, bhavya aateel bhag paramparik shailinchya mishranane tayar karnyat aala hota.
tyach velee, asha jahajancha vapar vasahatinna jagatil avikasit bhagat nenyasathi keela jaat hota. asha bhaganchya vasahatikaranamule pashchimatya jagachya nivadak vastukalecha aanakhi prasar jhaala, kaaran navyane sthayik jhalelya vasahatinni samanyatah roman abhijatvad aanee gothick rachana asalelya sanrachana bandhalya.
kahee pramanat, sampoorn ashiyamadhye sargrahipana disun aala, kaaran american sunder-kalanche prashikshan ghetalelya japani aanee chiinii vastuvishardanni shalanvar prabhav padala hota, teey kingo tatsunochya banq auph japan (1895) sarkhya sargrahi rachana tayar karnyasathi ashiyabhar paratale. tathakathit indo-saracenic punarujjivan vastukala, jyat paramparik bharatiy vastukaleche tapasheel, mukhytah mughal vastukaleche tapasheel, sarvajanik imarati aanee rajvadyanchya pashchatya prakaranmadhye samavisht kele gele, tee eka swabhavikpane sargrahi shaili hotee. bahutansh vastuvisharad british hote.
samikshatmak swagat.
eka ashee shaili jee itake sarjansheel swatantrya dete aanee konatehi margdarshak niyam naheet, tyamule eka ayashasvi rachana tayar karnyacha dhoka sarvanna spasht hota. vividh shailinche susanvadpurn mishran karnyat ayashasvi tharalelya prakalpanvar vyavasayikankadun (visheshtah jyanni chalvalila virodh keela) teeka jhaali.
ghat.
1930 chya dashakat aitihasik anukaranasathicha utsah qamee houu lagla aanee naveen shailichya bajoone rachana shalanchya abhyaskramat nivadvad tappyatappyane kadhoon taknyat aala. usheera aadhuniktavad, uttar-aadhuniktavad, kroorata, aart deco aanee suvyavasthit aadhunikatekade jhalele badal mahattvapoorn hote kaaran anek lock yakade avant-garde mhanoon pahat hote aanee tyaa velee tayar kele jaat asalele naveen tantradnyan aanee sahitya adhik navkalpanasathi parvanagi dett hote. sargrahitepasun door gelyanantarhi, heey yug ajunahi aitihasikdrushtya mahattvapoorn aahe kaaran tyane pudhil varshanmadhye vastukalesathi 'navkalpana aanee naveen swarupanche darvaje punha ughadale'.
aateel rachana.
sargrahi vastukaletil vadhimule, bhootkalatil aitihasik shailinche kaushalya, samaj aanee dnyan asalelya, yogya antargehi rachana karnyasathi, antargehi tadnyanchi garaj nirman jhaali. yamule interior designercha eka pratishthit vyavasay mhanoon uday jhaala. yaa yugatil (19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatichya kalat) pramukh aateel designersmadhye elisi dii wolf, gulab cumming, nancy mcclelland, elisi cob willson, francis elkins, suurii momm aanee dorothy draper yancha samavesh aahe. yaa suruvatichya designerschya grahakanmadhye keval shrimant kutumbe aanee vyavasayancha samavesh hota, parantu asha sajavati karnanyanchi kaame niyamitpane 'ghar aanee baag', 'ghar sunder' aanee 'ladys hoome journal' yasarkhya lokpriy prakashananmadhye prakashit kelee jaat asat. yaa bhavya gharanchya bhavya aateel bhaganchya prakashanamule madhyamvargaparyant nivadak shailicha prasar honyas madat jhaali aanee qamee avjad nakkal kinwa tatsam sajavatichya ghatakancha samavesh heey gharguti sajavatimadhye eka vanchhaniy vaishishtya banale. sampoorn americet pradeshanusar saundaryachi pradhanye vegvegali hotee, californiamadhye spanish shailinna pasanti dilee jaat hotee aanee american vasahatvadi vastukaleche ghatak nyu englandmadhye lokpriy hote.
samkalin sandarbh.
samkalin samajat, anek vegvegalya sanskrutik aanee aitihasik shailinmadhun tayar jhalelya shailinche varnan 'sargrahi' asey kele jaate, jaree sahitya aanee madhyamanmadhil sargrahi vastukaleche sandarbh samanyatah 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat-20vya shatkachya suruvatichya kalatil sargrahi chalvalit bandhalelya imaratimbaddal asatat.