
1877chaa sigar utpadakancha sump

newyorkmadheel sigar utpadakancha sump aktoobar 1877chya madhyapasoon februwari 1878chya madhaparyant chalala. sump sampavar asatana daha hazar kamgar changle vetan, qamee taas aanee kamachi changli paristhiti, visheshtah gharanchya utpadan sthali, yaa maganisathi baher padale. yaa sampala sigar utpadakanchya aantarrashtriy union auph americene, sthanik adhyay 144 neey pathimba deela hota.
parshvabhoomi.
sigar heey mulat surkutya lavalelya tambakhuchya pananche eka bundle asate.
adhik mahagadi vilasi vastoo tayar karoon kinwa karkhanyat, rolling prakriya hatane kelee jaau shakate. karkhanyachi paddhat adhik eksaman aakar tayar karate aanee khoopach qamee kharchik asate.
18vya aanee 19vya shatkat sigarchi magani jaast hotee. maganimule kyuba aanee dakshin americet pratham vishesh karyabal tayar jhaale. 1800 chya dashakachya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant united statesmadhil adhik kamgaranna sigar banavanyachya kaleche shikshan dile gele. sigar gundalane haah eka kushal shram aahe; eka shikau vyaktila yaa kalevar prabhutva midvinyasathi aanee sigar gundalanyat praveen honyasathi eka varshaparyant lagoo shakate.
1840 chya dashkaparyant, amerikechya purv kinanyavaril mothya shaharanmadhye gharanchi ubharani jhaali hotee. heey sadnika kinwa gharamadhil mothya kholya hotya jyaa keval kamasathi vaparlya jaat asat. ghare sahasa karkhanyachya malakachi asat aanee sadnika karmchanyanna uchch darane bhadyane dilee jaat asat. gharanmadhye aswasthyakar aanee asvachch jeevan paristhiti dekhil nirman jhaali. 
1800 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, sigar banavanyachi qalaa mothya karkhanyanmadhye halali hotee, jyamule sigar companyansathi shram aanee ekoon kharch yaa donhi babatit tee adhik karyaksham bunley hotee.
1863 saalee udhyogat sigar banavana sachecha pravesh jhaala. aata tulanene akushal kamgar cigaret gundalanyache kaam karoo shakat hote. yamule cigaret banavanyachya karkhanyanmadhye mahila aanee tarun praudhancha motha ogh jhaala. kamgaranna sigar banavanyachya prakriyechya keval eka pailooche prashikshan denyat aale hote. eka gatane bharnyasathi paaney todali, pudhchya gatane rolling prakriyesathi paaney nivadali, pudhchya gatane tee serve rollermadhye bharali aanee shevatchya gatane utpadan purn kele.
1864 madhye, sthanik sigar utpadak sanghatananchya anek pratinidhinni sigar utpadakanchya aantarrashtriy sanghatanechi (see. emm. aay. yuu.) sthapana kelee. pratinidhi newyork shahar, boston, philadelphiya, baltimore aanee itar anek shaharanmadhun aale hote. keval hatane gundallelya sigar banvina companyannach sameel honyachi parvanagi hotee.
1869 madhye, antargat ladhaimule anek sadasyanni united sigar makers auph newyork (yuu. see. emm. aine. aay.) navache naveen sangh sthapan kele. sigar hatane kinwa yantrachya madatine banavala gela asso, konihi yaa sanghatanet sameel houu shakat hota. 1875 madhye, see. emm. aay. yuu. chey adhyaksh george hurst yanni sigar utpadakanchya adhikrut niyatkalikachya pahilya ankat donhi gatanchi sanyukt baithak bolavali. yaa baithakit; see. emm. aay. yuu. shhee sanlagn asalelya aanee sthanik 144 mhanoon niyukt kelelya yuu. see. emm. aine. aay. chey adhyaksh samuel gompers hote aanee aarthik sachiv edolph strasser hote. see. emm. aay. yuu. chey sthanik 144 heey american federation auph laberchya sthapanet mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavatil.
1873 paryant amerikechya arthvyavasthet mandee aalee. jyaa kshetranmadhye apekshit nafyapeksha qamee napha midato asha kshetranmadhye dishabhul kelelya guntavanukimule banka karj fedanyat apayashi tharalya. 1873chya akheris newyorkmadheel bankanchya grahakanna tyanchya bankanmadhun paise kadhane katheen jhaale. septembermadhye, newyorkmadheel sarvat vishvasarh vittiy sansthanpaiki eka, jeey cook andd company, ayashasvi jhaali aanee tyamule ghabarat pasarali jee akheris newyorkchya palikade pasarali.
sump.
1870 chya aarthik sankatamule serve udhyoganmadhye mothe sump jhaale. sarvat ullekhaneey mhanje 1877 chaa motha railway sump.
vans aaa sigar maker' yaa tichya pustakat patricia aine cooper suchavate qee sigar utpadakanna yaa railway sampatoon prerana midali asavi
prerana kahihi asso, aktoobar 1877 paryant 10,000 hoon adhik mahila aanee purush karkhane aanee gharanchya kholya sodoon sampavar hote. tyanni qamee tasansathi aanee changlya vetanasathi morcha kadhala. see. emm. aay. yuu. (sigar utpadakanchya union auph america) neey sampala pathimba deela.
united statesmadhil mahila aanee baal vetandharak, khand VIII' yaa pustakat karkhanyanmadhil kamkajachya paristhitichi zalak dilee aahe. tyat asey mhatale aahe qee kaam karananya mulinna yaa tukadyane paise dile jaat hote, tyanchi prakruti khalavali hotee aanee 'naitikatechi nimn sthitee' hotee, tyamule 'tambakhuchya vishari vasamule' vanaspatitil sookshm kananni bharalelya vatavaranat aajaar hoto. ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee 1877 madhye newyorkchya sigar utpadakache sarasari vetan darr aathvadyala sumare $3 hote. massatucets salemmadhye saptahik vetan $6 hote. ahwal asehi suchavato qee "shaharala shaap denari bahutek veshyavyavasay hii tambakhu karkhanyanmadhye suru jhalelya dushtateche ghrunaspad phal aahe."
sampamule karkhanyachya malakanni bohemian mahila aanee tarun mulinna sump todanare mhanoon kamavar thewale. heey kelelya kahee niyoktyanni ughadpane kabool kele qee tyanna eka purushapeksha sumare 50 takke qamee vetanat kaam dile jaau shakate. sampanantar, tarun mulinchya sigarchya soochana 'atyant prabhavi' asalyache niyoktyanna aadhalale. band asalele sigarah "heey sigar american mulinni banavale hote" heey atishay lokpriy tharale.
sampamule jhalele parinam.
"californiachya eka vruttapatrane december 1877 madhye "daad delly alta" yaa vruttapatrane vrutt dile qee sigar utpadakanchya sampamule farsa farak padala nahee. kushal kamgar parat aale aanee 'jeey keval atyant kharab sigar tayar karoo shakatat' asha bohemian lokanna sodoon denyat aale. vruttapatrane vrutt dile qee sump "bharbharatila yet naheet asey disate" aanee niyoktyanche farse nuksan jhaale nahee.
kahee niyokte sampaparyant vaat pahoo shakale, kaaran tyanchyakade puresa satha hota. itaranni fakt utpadan prakriya vegalya rajyat halavali.
"newyork times", "daad newyork tribune" aanee "daad newyork sunn" neey rastyanvar hallekhoranna jhalelya kathor aanee anyaykarak vagnukichi nond kelee. polisanni marananya mahilanna khalee dhakalale, jyamule garbhavati marananya mahilela akali prasooti jhaali. itar gharkam karnanyanna ishara mhanoon tyanni gruhit dharalelya netyanna tyanchya gharatoon hakaloon dile.
februwari 1878 madhye sump sampala. tyanna "kamgaranche qamee taas, rojgarat vaadh, uchch vetan aanee bhadepatti pranali aanee tichya aswasthyakar utpadanancha sampark qamee jhaala hota."malakanna tyanche june haat parat midalyane anand jhaala".
august 1881 madhye, gomper, strasser aanee itar anek see. emm. aay. yuu. pratinidhi ekach sanghamadhye ekatra yenyachi shakyata yavar charcha karnyasathi terre haut, indiana yethe itar kamgar sanghatananchya pratinidhinchi bhet ghetali. november 1881 madhye teey pitsbergmadhye bhetale aanee tyanni sanyukt rajya america aanee canadachya sanghatit vyapar aanee kamgar sanghatananche mahasangh sthapan kele. tyane paach varshik adhiveshane aayojit kelee. 1886 madhye teey american federation auph labermadhye villin jhaale aanee gompers adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale. 1891 madhye george doubleu. perkins heey see. emm. aay. yuu. chey adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale, jeey padd teey 1927 paryant bhushavat hote.
uttarat, yuu.ess. qamee kimatichya (5 takke) sigar tayar karananya tambakhu kampanyanni, striya "peet naheet" aanee adhik vishvasarh, tyanchya kamat adhik savadhgiri balgatat aanee adhik sahajpane vyavasthapit hotat assa vishvas thevun, purushanpeksha mahila sigar kamgaranna kamavar thevanyachi aanee prashikshan denyachi pratha suru thewali. mahila sanghatananmadhye sameel honyababat purush sangh sadasyanchya bahishkrut vrutticha arth assa hota qee bahutek mahila kamgar sanghatana sadasya navhatya. yavyatirikt, sigaretchya kamgaranpaiki bahusankhya mahila cigaret odhat nasat, tyamule purush sigar rollersna tyanchya vaiyaktik vaparasathi dilya jaananya darrojchya teen mofat sigar utpadakanchi bachat hote. tathapi, mahila kamgaranna pradhanya dilyane kamgar aanee tambakhucha vadhata kharch hii samasya sutali nahee aanee 1910 nantar qamee kimatichya sigar udhyogatil mahila karmchanyanchya sampanchya sankhyet vaadh jhalyamule karkhanyache malak aata mahila kamgaranchya vinamratevar avalambun rahoo shakat naheet.
shevati, sigar utpadak sanghatananna nirnayak dhakka tantradnyanatun basala. 1880 salapasoon, sump, sabhatyag aanee majur aanee tambakhuchya pananchya vadhatya kharchamule tumhi trast hota.ess. tambakhu kampanya cigaret aanee sigar tayar karnyachya yantrikrut paddhatinmadhye guntavanuk karnar aahet. pahile cigaret rolling machine 1880 madhye james albert bonsack yanni sadar kele, tarr sigar banavanyache machine pahilyanda 1889 madhye disu lagale. cigaret aanee sigarchya kimmati ghasaralyane sigar banavana sanghatananche hajaro sadasya gele; 1921 teey 1935 darmyan andaje 56,000 nokya gelya. anek union karkhane bund padale, tarr urvaritanni khule dukan ghoshit kele. 1931 madhye, american sigar company.ajunahi hatanni firavanyachi tantre vaparnanya americetil ekmev sigar karkhanyane utpadan thambavale. tyach varshi, ekekali sarvat shaktishali kamgar sanghatananpaiki eka asalelya see. emm. aay. yuu. neey keval 15,000 nondanikrut sadasyanchi nond kelee, 1974 madhye unionche antim vilinikaran aanee vighatan hoiparyant hii sankhya qamee hott rahili.