niyam ekatra karane

sanganakeey rasayanshastra aanee aanvik gatishastrat, sanyojan niyam kinwa sanyojan niyam hii samikarane aahet jee done bhinn bandh nasalelya anunmadhil parasparkriya urja pradan karatat, samanyatah vanne dair walls parasparsanvad parasparsanvad sambhavyatechya bhagasathi. mishranachya anukaranamadhye, niyamanchya sanyojanachi nivad kadhikadhi anukaranachya parinamanvar parinam karoo shakate.
lenard-johnschya kshamatesathi niyam ekatra karane.
lenard-johns potential heey anoonchya jodee kinwa renunmadhil parasparsanvadasathi ganitiyadrushtya sope model aahe. sarvat samanya prakaranpaiki eka mhanje
jethe 'ε' hii sambhavya vihirinchi kholee aahe, 'σ' heey maryadit antar aahe jyavar aantar-kann kshamata shoonya aahe, 'r' heey kananmadhil antar aahe. jevha "r" = 21/6 σ ± 1.122σ asel tevha potential kiman, "ε" kholiparyant pohochate.
laurentz-berthelot niyam.
lorentz niyam etch dware prastavit keela gela hota. aaa. 1881 madhye laurentzah
laurentz niyam keval haard sphere pranalinsathi vishleshanatmakdrushtya yogya aahe. antardnyanane, sootra _ 3 anukrame kann i aanee j chya trijya shithilpane pratibimbit karat asalyane, tyanchi sarasari done kananmadhil prabhavi trijya mhanoon mhatale jaau shakate jyaa binduvar pratikarak parasparkriya gambhir hotat.
berthelot niyam (daniele berthelot, 1898) khalilpramane deela aaheh
bhautikdrushtya, heey sootra _ 5 heey done kananmadhil prerit dvidhruviy parasparsanvadashi sambandhit aahe yaa vastusthitivarun udbhavate. anukrame tatkal dvidhruv sootra _ 6 asalele done kann dile tarr, tyanche parasparsanvad sootra _ 6 chya utpadananshi sambandhit asatat. sootra _ 8 aanee sootra _ 9 chee ankganitiy sarasari matra, done dvidhruv utpadananchi sarasari honar nahee, parantu tyanchya laghuganakanchi sarasari asel. 
heey niyam sarvat jaast vaparale jaatat aanee anek aanvik anukaran sankulanmadhye purvanirdharit asatat, parantu teey apayshanshivay nasatat.
waldman-haglerche niyam.
waldman-haglerche niyam khalilpramane dile jaatatah
aanee
fender-halsey.
fender-halsey sanyojanacha niyam deela aahe 
kangche niyam.
lenard-johnschya kshamatesathiche kang niyam khalilpramane dile aahet.
itar.
tang aanee toennis itar anek prastav mandanyat aale aahet. 
peena, hudson aanee mccobray aanee sikora (1970).
itar sambhavyatesathi niyam ekatra karane.
aasha rakhanyacha niyam.
mea-lenard-johns kinwa buckingham sambhavyatesathi aasha-niyam khalilpramane deela aaheh
hoggervorst niyam.
exp-6 sambhavyatesathi hoggerworstche niyam pudhilpramane aaheth
aanee
kang-chakrabattiche niyam.
exp-6 kshamatesathiche kang-chakrabarty niyam pudhilpramane aaheth
aanee
tyasathiche itar niyam mhanje messon-tandul niyam aanee shrivastav aanee shrivastav niyam (1956) heey exp-6 kshamatesathi prastavit karnyat aale aahet.
sthitichi samikarane.
rajyachya audhyogik samikarananmadhye samaan mishran aanee sanyojan niyam aahet. yamadhye vanne dair walls vann-fluid mixing niyamancha samavesh aahe.
aanee vanne darr walls sanyojan niyam, joou binary parasparsanvad mapdand sootra _ 23 sadar karato,
heuron-vidal mixing niyam aanee adhik jatil wong-sandler mixing niyam dekhil aahe, joou sthitiche samikaran aanee kriyakalap gunank model (aanee asha prakare drav atirikt gibbs mukt urjesah) darmyan anant dabavar atirikt helmholtz mukt urjechi barobari karato.

