
nanocensor

nanocensor hii nanoscale upkarane aahet jee bhautik praman mojatat aanee tyanche sanketanmadhye rupantar karatat jyancha shodh gheta yeto aanee tyanche vishleshan kele jaate. nanocensor tayar karnyasathi aaj anek marg prastavit aahet; yamadhye varchya-khalchya lithography, khalchya-varchya assembly aanee aanvik swayam-assemblicha samavesh aahe. bajarat vividh prakarche nanocensor aahet aanee visheshtah sanrakshn, paryavaran aanee aarogyaseva udhyoganmadhye vividh anuprayogansathi vikasit kele jaat aahet. heey sanvedak samaan moolbhut karyapravah samayik karatatah vishleshakache nivadak bandhan, nanocensorchya jaiv-ghatkashi parasparsanvadatun sanket nirmiti aanee signalchi upayukt metriksmadhye prakriya.
vaishishtye.
nanoscalver udbhavananya mothya pramanat asalelya samgrimadhye nanomaterial vaishishtye naslyamule nanomaterials-aadharit sensorsche paramparik samgripasoon banavalelya sensarspeksha sanvedansheelata aanee vishishtatemadhye anek fayade aahet. nanocensorchi vishishtata vadhu shakate kaaran teey naisargik jaivik prakriyanpramanech samaan pramanat karya karatat, rasayanik aanee jaivik renunsah karyatmakata anumati detat, olakhanyayogya bhautik badal ghadavun aanananya ghatanansah. sukshmamitiyanchya prushthbhag teey aakarmanachya uchch gunottaramule tasech sukshmamitiyanchya naveen bhautik gunadharmanmule sanvedansheelatet vaadh hote, jyacha vapar sukshmamitiyasaha shodhasathi aadhar mhanoon keela jaau shakato. nanocensormadhye sthanik prakriya kshamata jodanyasathi nanocensor heey nanoelectronics dekhil ektrit kele jaau shakatat.
tyanchi sanvedansheelata aanee vishishtatevyatirikt, nanocensor kharch aanee pratisad velet mahattvapoorn fayade detat, jyamule teey uchch-utpadan anuprayogansathi yogya banatat. chromatography aanee spectroscopy sarkhya paramparik shodh paddhatinchya tulanet nanocensor vastavik-veleche nirikshan pradan karatat. yaa paramparik paddhatinna parinam milanyasathi divas teey aathvade lagoo shakatat aanee anekada bhandavali kharchat guntavanuk tasech namuna tayar karnyasathi vel lagato.
mothya kinwa patal-puttle samtol upkarananchya tulanet nanovires aanee nanotubes sarkhya eka-aayami nanomaterials nanocensormadhye vaparnyasathi yogya aahet. teey signal prasarit karnyasathi transducer aanee wire mhanoon kaam karoo shakatat. tyanche uchch prushthbhagache kshetrafal vishleshankala bandhalyavar mothya signal badalanna karanibhoot tharoo shakate. tyancha lahan aakar eka lahan upkaranat vaiyaktikaritya sambodhit karnyayogya sanvedak ekkanche vistrut bahugunan saksham karoo shakato. vishleshananvar pratideepi kinwa kiranotsargi labelchi aavashyakta nahee yaa arthane tyanchi karyapaddhati dekhil 'label mukt' aahe. zink auxide nanovirecha vapar gass sensing anuprayogansathi keela jaato, kaaran teey sabhovatalachya paristhitit vayuchya qamee ekagratebaddal uchch sanvedansheelata darshavate aanee qamee kharchat sahajpane tayar kele jaau shakate.
nanocensorsathi anek aavhane aahet, jyat pravah aanee dushitata talhane, punarutpadak calibration paddhati vikasit karane, saturation talhanyasathi yogya vishleshanatmak ekagrata prapt karnyasathi purv-ekagrata aanee pruthakkaran paddhati lagoo karane aanee nanocensorla sensor package itar ghatkansah vishvasarh utpadanaksham paddhatine ekikrut karane yancha samavesh aahe. nanocensor heey tulanene naveen tantradnyan asalyane, nanotoxicologybabat anek anuttarit prashna aahet, jeey sadhya jaivik pranalinmadhye tyancha vapar maryadit karatat.
nanocensorchya sambhavya upayoganmadhye aushadh, dooshit padarth aanee rogjankancha shodh ghene aanee utpadan prakriya aanee vahtook pranalinvar dekhrekh thevane yancha samavesh hoto. bhautik gunadharmanmadhil badal (aakarman, ekagrata, visthapan aanee veg, gurutvakarshan, vidyut aanee chumbakeey shakti, daab kinwa tapman) mojoon nanocensor heey aushadh pohochavanyasathi kinwa shariratil vishisht thikani vikasavar laksh thevanyasathi aanvik staravar vishisht peshinmadhye farak karnyas aanee olakhanyas saksham asoo shakatat. signal transduction prakar nanocensorsathi pramukh vargikaran pranali paribhashit karato. nanocensor readoutchya kahee mukhya prakaranmadhye optical, yantrik, companshil kinwa vidyutchumbakiy yancha samavesh hoto.
vargikaranache udaharan mhanoon, aanvik chhapil polymer (emm. aay. pii.) vaparnare nanocensor teen shreninmadhye vibhagale jaau shakatat, jeey electrochemical, piezoelectric kinwa spectroscopic sensor aahet.  vidyutarasayanik sanvedak samvedan samgrichya vidyutarasayanik gunadharmanmadhye badal ghadavun aanatat, jyat charge, chalakata aanee vidyut kshamata yancha samavesh asato. piezoelectric sensors ektar yantrik shaktiche vidyut shaktimadhye rupantar karatat kinwa tyaulat. hii shakti nantar signalmadhye rupantarit kelee jaate. emm. aay. pii. spectroscopic sensors teen upvargikanmadhye vibhagale jaau shakatat, jeey chemiluminacent sensors, prushthbhagavaril plasman anunad sensors aanee pratidipti sensors aahet. navapramanech, heey sanvedak chemiluminasions, resonance aanee fluoreschya swarupat prakash aadharit sanket tayar karatat. udaharanannusar, sanvedak jyaa prakarcha badal shodhato aanee too konatya prakarchya sanketanna pravrutt karato, too sanvedak prakaravar avalambun asato.
operationchi yantrana.
asha anek yantrana aahet jyanchyadvare olakhanyachi ghatana mojata yenyajogya signalmadhye rupantarit kelee jaau shakate; samanyatah, heey nivadakpane bandhalele vishleshan shodhanyasathi nanomaterial sanvedansheelata aanee itar adviteey gunadharmancha fayda ghetat.
vidyutarasayanik nanocensor heey vishleshanatmak padarthachya bandhaninantar, vikhuranyamadhil badalanmule kinwa charge vahakanchya qamee hone kinwa sanchayamule nanomaterialmadhil pratikar badal shodhanyavar aadharit asatat. eka shakyata mhanje carbon nanotubes, vahak polymer kinwa metal auxide nanovires sarkhya nanovirescha feeled-effect transistermadhye gett mhanoon vapar karane, jaree 2009 paryant teey adyap vastavik-jagachya paristhitit pradarshit kele gele navhate. rasayanik nanocensormadhye rasayanik olakh pranali (receptor) aanee eka bhautik rasayanik transducer asate, jyamadhye receptor vidyut sanket tayar karnyasathi vishleshankashi sanvad sadhato. eka prakaranat, receptorshee vishleshanatmak sanvad sadhalyavar, nanoporus transducerchya pratibadhemadhye badal jhaala joou sanvedak sanket mhanoon nirdharit keela gela. itar udaharananmadhye vidyutchumbakiy kinwa plasmonic nanocensor, prushthbhag-vardhit raman spectroscopy, magnetoelectronic kinwa spintronic nanocensor aanee yantrik nanocensorsarkhe spectroscopic nanocensor yancha samavesh hoto.
jaivik nanocensormadhye bayo-receptor aanee transducer asatat. uchch sanvedansheelata aanee mojamapachya sapeksh sulbhatemule nivadichi transduction paddhat sadhya pratidipti aahe. khaleel paddhati vaparoon mojmap sadhya kele jaau shakateh sakriy nanoparticlesna peshitil sakriy prathinanshi bandhane, sanket prathine tayar karnyasathi site-nirdeshit utparivartan vaparoon, vastavik-velechya mojamapanna parvanagi dene kinwa nanomaterial (udaa.jee. nanofiber) jaiv-grahankartyansathi sanlagn sthalansah. jaree vidyutarasayanik nanocensorcha vapar antahkoshikiy gunadharm mojanyasathi keela jaau shakato, taree teey samanyatah jaivik mojmapansathi qamee nivadak asatat, kaaran tyanchyat jaiv-receptorschi uchch vishishtata nasate (udaa.jee. pratipind, dii. aine. aii.).
vaidyakiyadrushtya sambandhit namunyanchya sandrateche praman nishchit karnyasathi photonic upkaranancha vapar nanocensor mhanoon dekhil keela jaau shakato. yaa sanvedkanchya karyapranaliche tattva heey hydrogel filmchya aakarmanachya rasayanik modulationvar aadharit aahe jyamadhye bragg grating samavisht aahe. rasayanik uttejananantar hydrogel soojato kinwa sankuchit hoto, tevha bragg grating rung badalate aanee vegvegalya tarangalambivar prakash visarjit karate. vikshepit prakash lakshya vishleshakachya ekagrateshi sambandhit asoo shakato.
nanocensorcha dusra prakar mhanje rangmapi aadharavar kaam karnara. yethe, vishleshakanchya upasthitimule drishyaman rung badal honyasathi rasayanik pratikriya kinwa aakarshastriy badal hoto. asach eka upayog mhanje sonyachya nanoparticlescha vapar judd dhatuncha shodh ghenyasathi keela jaau shakato. vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh asalelya draiger tubesarkhya rangmapi badaladvare dekhil anek hanikarak vayoo shodhale jaau shakatat. heey avjad, prayogshaletil praman pranalinna paryay pradan karatat, kaaran heey namuna-sadhanansathi vaparnyasathi laghuroopit kele jaau shakatat. udaharanarth, anek rasayne paryavaran sanrakshn sansthedvare niyantrit kelee jaatat aanee dooshit padarthanchi patali yogya maryadet aahe yachee khatri karnyasathi vyapak chachani aavashyak asate. rangmapi nanocensor anek dooshit padarthanchya sthal-nirdharanasathi eka paddhat pradan karatat.
utpadan paddhati.
nanoe kananchya prushthbhagavar niyantran thevun nanoe sensorche karya kele jaau shakate, yasathi utpadit nanocensorchi vaishishtye nishchit karnyat utpadan paddhat madhyavarti bhoomika bajavate. nanocensorchya nirmitimadhye done mukhya paddhati aaheth varchya-khalchya paddhati, jyaa mothya pramanat tayar jhalelya namunyane suru hotat aanee nantar sukshmapramanat qamee hotat. tall-varchya paddhati anoo kinwa renunpasoon suru hotat jyaa nanoe structureparyant tayar hotat.
varchya-khalchya paddhati.
lithography.
yaat kahee samgrichya mothya tukadyapasun suruvat karane aanee ichchit swaroop korane samavisht aahe. hii koraleli upkarane, visheshtah sukshmasanvedak mhanoon vaparlya jaanarya vishisht sukshmavidhyut-yantrik pranalinmadhye vaparali jaatat, samanyatah keval sookshm aakaraparyant pohochatat, parantu yapaiki sarvat alikadchya kalat nanocysed ghatak samavisht karnyas suruvat jhaali aahe. sarvat samanya paddhatinpaiki eka mhanje electron beam lithography. jaree heey tantra khoop mahag asale taree, heey tantra prabhavipane dvimiteey prushthbhagavar golakar kinwa lambvartulakar bhukhandanche vitaran karate. dusari paddhat mhanje vidyut-nirgaman, jyasathi laghuroopit upkarane tayar karnyasathi pravahakeey ghatakanchi aavashyakta asate.
fiber khechane.
yaa paddhatimadhye fiber garam kartana tyacha pramukh aksh tananyasathi, nanoe aakarache scale sadhya karnyasathi taana upkaran vaparane samavisht aahe. optical fiber-aadharit nanocensor vikasit karnyasathi optical fibermadhye hii paddhat visheshtah vaparali jaate.
rasayanik korivkam.
rasayanik korivkam karnyache done vegvegale prakar nondavale gele aahet. turner paddhatimadhye, hydrophloric acid aanee sendriya aachchadan darmyan meniskasmadhye thevalyavar eka tantu eka binduvar korala jaato. heey tantra mothya taper konansah (asha prakare fiberchya tokaparyant pohochanara prakash vadhavato) aanee odhanyachya paddhatishi tulana karata toke vyas asalele tantu tayar karate asey darshavile gele aahe. dusari paddhat mhanje tube etching, jyamadhye hydrogen fluoridechya eka-ghatak dravanasah optical fiber korane samavisht aahe. sendriya aavaranane vedhalela silika fiber, polish keela jaato aanee eka toke hydrophloric aesidchya containermadhye thewale jaate. tyanantar aaml aavaran nasht naan karata tantunche toke korayala suruvat karate. silika fiber korala jaat asatana, polymer aavaran eka bhint mhanoon karya karate, jyamule hydrophloric aesidmadhye sookshm pravah tayar hotat, jyamule keshika creans, fiber mothya, gulgulit tapers shankuchya aakarat korala jaato. hii paddhat turner paddhatipeksha paryavaraniy mapdandanchi khoopach qamee sanvedansheelata darshavate.
tall-varr paddhati.
yaa prakarchya paddhatinmadhye lahan ghatakanmadhun, samanyatah vaiyaktik anoo kinwa renunmadhun sanvedak ekatra karane samavisht asate. heey vishisht namunyanmadhye anoonchi vyavastha karoon kele jaate, jeey anushakti sukshmadarshakachya vaparadvare prayogshaletil chachanyanmadhye sadhya kele gele aahe, parantu tarihi samuhikpane sadhya karane katheen aahe aanee aarthikdrushtya vyavharya nahee.
swayam-sabha.
vadhane" mhanoonahi olakhali jaanari hii paddhat bahutek vela ghatakancha aadhich sampoorn sanch samavisht karate jee swatah tayar utpadanat ekatra yeil. prayogshalet ichchit sanvedkasathi haah parinam achookpane punarutpadit karnyas saksham asane yacha arth assa hoto qee shastradnya pratyek sanvedak hatane ekatra karnyaivaji, asankhya renunna qamee kinwa konatyahi bahya prabhavashivay swatahla ekatra karoo deuun nanocensor adhik jalad aanee sambhavyatah adhik swastat tayar karoo shakatat.
jaree paramparik banavat tantre karyaksham asalyache siddha jhaale asale taree utpadan paddhatitil pudhil sudharananmule kharch qamee houu shakato aanee kamgirimadhye vaadh houu shakate. sadhyachya utpadan paddhatinmadhil aavhananmadhye nanoe kananche asman vitaran, aakar aanee aakar yancha samavesh hoto, jeey serve kamgirivar maryada aanatat. 2006 madhye, berlinmadhil sanshodhakanni nanosphere lithography (aine. ess. ell.) neey tayar kelelya naveen nidanatmak nanocensorchya tyanchya shodhache paytant ghetale, jyamule nanoe kananchya aakaravar aanee aakaravar achook niyantran thevata yete aanee nanoaslands tayar hotat. dhatuchya nanoe icelandsney signal transductionmadhye vaadh kelee aanee asha prakare sensorchi sanvedansheelata vadhali. parinamanmadhun asehi disun aale qee nidanatmak nanocensorchi sanvedansheelata aanee tapasheel heey nanoe kananchya aakaravar avalambun asatat, jyamule nanoe kanancha aakar qamee jhalyamule sanvedansheelata vadhate.
anuprayog.
1999 madhye georgia institute auph technologychya sanshodhakanni krutrim nanocensorche pahile karyasheel udaharan tayar kele hote. tyat carbon nanotubechya shevati ekach kann jodane aanee kanasah aanee tyashivay nanotubechi compan varanvarta mojane samavisht hote. done varanvartanmadhil visangatimule sanshodhakanna jodalelya kananche vastuman mojata aale.
tevhapasoon, nanocensormadhye vadhatya pramanat sanshodhan jhaale aahe, jyadvare anek anuprayogansathi aadhunik nanocensor vikasit kele gele aahet.  sadhya, bajarat nanocensorchya vaparat aarogyaseva, sanrakshn aanee sainya aanee ann, paryavaran aanee shetee yasarkhya itar goshtincha samavesh aahe.
sanrakshn aanee sainya.
rasayanik shodh, nirjantukikaran aanee nyayvaidhyakshastra yasah sanrakshn aanee lashkari kshetrat nanoscience sampurnatah anek sambhavya upayog aahet. sanrakshn anuprayogansathi vikasit hott asalelya kahee nanocensormadhye sphotake kinwa vishari vayoo shodhanyasathi nanocensorcha samavesh hoto. asey nanocensor yaa tattvavar kaam karatat qee vayuche renu tyanchya vastumananusar, udaharanarth, piezoelectric sensors vaparoon vegale kele jaau shakatat. jarr vayucha renu shodhakchya prushthbhagavar shoshala gela tarr sphatikanchi anunad varanvarta badalate aanee heey vidyut gunadharmanmadhil badal mhanoon mojale jaau shakate. yavyatirikt, potentiometer mhanoon vaparale jaanare feeled effect transister, jarr tyanche gett tyanchyabaddal sanvedanshil kele gele tarr vishari vayoo shodhu shakatat.
ashach prakarchya vaparat, nanocensorcha vapar lashkari aanee kayadyachi amalbajavani karananya kapadyanmadhye aanee upkarnanmadhye keela jaau shakato. naudal sanshodhan prayogshalechya nanoscience sansthene nanophotonicsmadhye vaparasathi aanee jaivik sahitya olakhanyasathi quantum dotscha abhyas keela aahe. polymer aanee itar receptor renunsah starit nanoparticles jevha vishari vayunsarkhya vishleshkandware sampark sadhale jaatat tevha tyancha rung badalato. yamule vaparkartyala teey dhokyat asalyachi jaaniv hote. itar prakalpanmadhye vaparkartyache aarogya aanee mahattvapoorn goshtinvishayi mahitee prasarit karnyasathi biometric sensors kapade antarbhut karane samavisht aahe, jeey ladhaitil sainikanvar dekhrekh thevanyasathi upayukt tharel.
aashchary mhanje, sanrakshn aanee lashkari vaparasathi nanocensor tayar karnyache kahee sarvat aavhanatmak pailu tantrik nasoon rajkiy swarupache aahet. arthsankalpache vatap karnyasathi aanee chachanitil mahitee aanee pragati samayik karnyasathi anek vegvegalya sarkari sansthanni ekatra kaam kele pahije; asha mothya aanee guntaguntichya sansthansathi heey katheen asoo shakate. yavyatirikt, paradeshi sanshodhkansathi visa aanee sthalantar sthitee haah eka muddah banoo shakato-kaaran vishay atishay sanvedanshil aahe, kahivela sarkari manjurichi aavashyakta asoo shakate. shevati, nanocensor chachani kinwa sanvedak udhyogatil anuprayoganvar sadhya changle paribhashit kinwa spasht niyam naheet, jeey amalbajavanichya adchanila karanibhoot tharatat.
ann aanee paryavaran.
ann prakriya, shetee, havah aanee panyachya gunvatteche nirikshan aanee packaging aanee vahtook yasah ann aanee paryavaran kshetratil vividh up-kshetranmadhye nanocensor sudharana karoo shakatat.  tyanchi sanvedansheelata, tasech tyanchi susangatata aanee parinami bandhan nivad yamule, nanocensor khoop prabhavi aahet aanee vividh prakarchya paryavaraniy anuprayogansathi tyanchi rachana kelee jaau shakate. nanocensorche asey anuprayog anek prakarchya paryavaraniy pradushakanche soyiskar, jalad aanee atisanvedanshil moolyankan karnyas madat karatat.
annachya namunyanmadhil durgandhache vishleshan karnyasathi aanee vatavaraniy vayoo shodhanyasathi rasayanik sanvedak upayukt aahet. paramparik sanvedak vaparoon annachya namunyanchi gunavatta aanee tajepana nirdharit karnyasathi 1988 madhye 'electronic naak' vikasit karnyat aale hote, parantu alikadech nanomaterials samvedan puttle sudharle gele aahe. eka namuna eka kakshat thewala jaato jithe vayoo tappyat asthir sanyuge kendrit hotat, jyadvare vayoo nantar kakshatoon pump keela jaato aanee sugandh sensarparyant pohochavala jaato joou tyachya adviteey botanchya thipkyache mojmap karato. nanomaterialschya uchch prushthbhagache kshetrafal aanee aakarmanache gunottar vishleshkanshi adhik parasparsanvad sadhanyas madat karate aanee nanocensorchya vegwan pratisad velemule hastakshep karananya pratisadanche pruthakkaran shakya hote. vayoo renunche vividh gunadharm shodhanyasathi nanotubecha vapar karoon rasayanik sanvedak dekhil tayar kele gele aahet. anek carbon nanotube aadharit sanvedak tyanchya sanvedanshilatecha fayda ghet, kshetra parinam transister mhanoon tayar kele jaatat. yaa nanotubeschi vidyut chalakata itar renundware charge hastantaran aanee rasayanik dopingmule badalel, jyamule tyancha shodh gheta yeil. tyanchi nivadakshamta vadhavanyasathi, yapaiki anekanmadhye eka pranali samavisht asate jyadvare nanocensor dusya renusathi vishisht pockett thevanyasathi tayar kele jaatat. vayoo renunche aayanikaran jaananyasathi carbon nanotubecha vapar keela gela aahe tarr aanvik staravar hydrogenchi vatavaraniy sandrata shodhanyasathi titaniumpasoon banavalelya nanotubecha vapar keela gela aahe. yapaiki kahee kshetra parinam transister mhanoon tayar kele gele aahet, tarr itar optical sensing kshamatecha fayda ghetat. nivadak vishleshanatmak bandhan heey varnakrameey badal kinwa pratidipti modulationdware shodhale jaate. ashach prakare, puur aanee itar. heey dakhavun dile aahe qee supermolecular yazman-atithi rasayanshastra raman vikhuralelya prakashacha tasech sersacha vapar karoon parimanatmak samvedan pradan karate.
vatavaranatil pradushak aanee vishari padarth shodhanyasathi quantum dots aanee sonyachya nanoparticles itar prakarche nanocensor sadhya vikasit kele jaat aahet. heey nanoscalver udbhavananya sthanik prushthbhagavaril plasmon anunad (ell. ess. pii. aar.) chaa fayda ghetat, jyacha parinam tarangalambichya vishisht shoshanat hoto. heey ell. ess. pii. spectrum visheshtah sanvedanshil aahe aanee nanoe kananchya aakaravar aanee vatavaranavar tyache avalambitva optical sensorschee rachana karnyasathi vividh prakare vaparale jaau shakate. jevha renu nanoparticleshy bandhale jaatat tevha udbhavananya ell. ess. pii. aar. spectrum shiftcha fayda ghenyasathi, konate renu bandhatil aanee pratisadas chalana deteel heey tharvanyasathi tyanche prushthbhag karyasheel kele jaau shakatat. paryavaraniy upayogansathi, quantum dott prushthbhag visheshtah sukshmajiv kinwa itar pradushkanshi bandhalelya pratipindansah sudharit kele jaau shakatat. tyanantar yaa varnapat badalache nirikshan aanee praman nirdharit karnyasathi spectroscopy vapar keela jaau shakato, jyamule sambhavyapane renunchya kramanusar achook shodh gheta yeto. tyachpramane, fluorescent semiconducting nanocensor heey optical detection sadhya karnyasathi fluorescence resonance energy transfercha (frat) fayda gheu shakatat. quantum thipke datya mhanoon vaparale jaau shakatat aanee sweekarak renunjaval thevalyas electronic uttejana urja hastantarit hoil, asha prakare tyanchi pratidipti gamavel. konate renu bandhale jaatil, konatya pratidipti punarsanchayit kelee jaeel heey nirdharit karnyasathi heey quantum thipke karyatmak kele jaau shakatat. avjad dhatoo agadi tantotantpane shodhanyasathi sonyachya nanopartical-aadharit optical sensorscha vapar keela jaau shakato; udaharanarth, paaraa 0.09 nanometerparyant qamee aahe. hii sanvedana paddhati tanatanavacha fayda ghete, jyamadhye dhatunchi upasthiti quantum dots aanee sonyachya nanoparticlesmadhil parasparsanvadas pratibandh karate aanee tanatanav pratisad shant karate. aanakhi eka sambhavya amalbajavani, aayan samvedan sadhya karnyasathi ell. ess. pii. aar. spectrumchya aakar avalambitvacha fayda ghete. eka abhyasat, lioo aanee itar. lead sensor tayar karnyasathi pii. bii. 2 + sanvedanshil enzymes karyarat sonyache nanoe kann. samanyatah, sonyache nanoe kann ekmekanjaval yetach ektrit hotat aanee aakaratil badalamule rung badalato. enzyme aanee pii. bii. 2 + aayan yanchyatil parasparsanvad yaa ektrikaranala pratibandh karel aanee asha prakare aayanchi upasthiti shodhali jaau shakate.
ann aanee paryavaranamadhye nanocensor vaparnyashi sambandhit mukhya aavhan mhanje tyanchi vishaktata aanee paryavaranavar honara ekoon parinam nishchit karane. nanocensorchya amalbajavanicha maatee, vanaspati aanee manavanvar dirghakalin kassa parinam hoil yabaddal sadhya apuri mahitee aahe. heey purnapane hatalane katheen aahe kaaran nanoe kananchi vishaktata kananchya prakaravar, aakaravar aanee matrevar tasech ph, tapman aanee aadratesah paryavaraniy chalanvar mothya pramanat avalambun asate. sambhavya jokhim qamee karnyasathi, harit nanoe tantradnyanachya dishene ekoon prayatnancha eka bhag mhanoon surakshit, vishari nasalelya nanomaterialschya nirmitisathi sanshodhan kele jaat aahe.
aarogyaseva.
nanocensormadhye nidanatmak aushadhanchi mothee kshamata asate, jyamule lakshaniy lakshananvar avalambun naan rahata rog lavkar olakhata yeto. aadarsh nanocensor amalbajavani hii shariratil rogpratikarak peshinchya pratisadache anukaran karate, nidan aanee rogpratikarak pratisad karye donhi samavisht karate, tarr sanvedak input aanee pratisadache nirikshan karnyasathi deta prasarit karate. tathapi, heey model eka dirghakalin uddisht aahe aanee sadhya nanocensorchya tatkal nidan kshamatevar sanshodhan kendrit aahe. biodegradable polymers sanshleshit nanocensorchi antahkoshik amalbajavani, sanket prerit karate jyamule pratyaksh-velevar dekhrekh karane shakya hote aanee asha prakare aushadh vitaran aanee upcharanmadhye pragaticha marg mokala hoto.
yaa nanocensorchya eka udaharanamadhye shariratil gathee ughad karnyasathi cademium selenide quantum dotschya pratidipti gunadharmancha sensor mhanoon vapar karane samavisht aahe. tathapi, cademium selenidechya thipkyanchi eka nakaratmak bajoo mhanje teey sharirasathi atyant vishari asatat. parinami, kahee pratidipti gunadharm kayam thevat, sanshodhak vegalya, qamee vishari samgripasoon banavalele paryayi thipke vikasit karnyavar kaam karat aahet. visheshtah, teey zink sulphide quantum dotschya vishisht fayadhyancha shodh ghet aahet, jeey jaree cademium selenidesarkhe pratidiptiman nasale taree manganese aanee vividh lanthanide ghatkansah itar dhatunsah vadhavale jaau shakatat. yavyatirikt, heey naveen quantum thipke jevha tyanchya lakshyit peshinshi jodale jaatat tevha teey adhik pratideepi hotat.
nanocensorchya aanakhi eka vaparamadhye avyavanchya aarogyache nirikshan karnyasathi 4 olinmadhye silicon nanovirescha vapar karane samavisht aahe. mootrapind kinwa avyavanchya nikami honyavar laksh thevu shakananya raktadvare chauthya reshet pasarana sookshm jaivachinhe shodhanyasathi nanovires sanvedanshil asatat. yaa nanoviresmule satat biomarker mojmap karata yeil, jeey elissa sarkhya paramparik biomarker parimanatmak parikshananpeksha tatpuratya sanvedansheelatechya drushtine kahee fayade pradan karate.
avyav pratyaropanatil dushitata shodhanyasathi nanocensorcha dekhil vapar keela jaau shakato. nanocensor pratyaropanamadhye antarbhut keela jaato aanee vaidyak kinwa aarogya seva pradatyakade pathavalelya vidyut sanketachya madhyamatoon pratyaropanas lagoon asalelya peshinmadhil pradushan shodhato. peshi nirogi, dahak kinwa jivanunni dooshit aahet qee nahee heey nanocensor shodhu shakato. tathapi, pratyaropan dirghakalin vaparamadhye eka mukhya kamatarata aadhalate, jithe ootee sanvedkanchya varr vadhatat, jyamule tyanchi sankuchit karanyachi kshamata maryadit hote. yamule vidyut prabharanchya utpadanat adthala yeto, tyamule yaa nanocensorche ayushya qamee hote, kaaran teey piezoelectric prabhavacha vapar swayam-shaktisathi karatat.
vatavaraniy pradushakanche mojmap karnyasathi vaparlya jaananya nanocensorpramanech, shvasatil asthir sendriya sanyuge (vox) shodhun anek prakarchya karkarogache lavkar nidan karnyasathi sonyachya kananvar aadharit nanocensorcha vapar keela jaato, kaaran tumourchi vaadh peshi patalatil peroxidationshi sambandhit asate. karkarogashi sambandhit aanakhi eka anuprayog, jaree ajunahi undaranchya tapasachya tappyat asala, taree fuffusacha karkarog shodhanyasathi kriyakalap-aadharit sanvedak mhanoon peptide-lepit nanoparticlescha vapar karane. rog shodhanyasathi nanoparticles vaparache done mukhya fayade mhanje teey prarambhik tappyat shodhanyas anumati dete, kaaran teey millimeterchya kramane tumourcha aakar shodhu shakate. heey eka kifayatshir, vaparnyas sope, portable aanee gair-aakramak nidan sadhan dekhil pradan karate.
nanocensor tantradnyanatil pragatichya alikadil prayatnat aanvik chhap vaparnyat aalee aahe, jeey aanvik olakhanyat receptor mhanoon kaam karnare polymer matricks sanshleshit karnyasathi vaparale jaanare eka tantra aahe. enzyme-substrate lock aanee qee modelchya anuroop, aanvik chhap karyatmak monomers template renuncha vapar karoon tyachya lakshya template renunshi sambandhit vishisht aakarasah polymer matricks tayar karate, asha prakare matrixchi nivad aanee aatmiyata vadhate. yaa tantramule nanocensorna rasayanik prajati shodhane shakya jhaale aahe. jaivtantradnyan kshetrat, aanvik chhapalele polymer (emm. aay. pii.) heey sanshleshit receptors aahet jyanni naisargik pratipindansathi aashadayak, kifayatshir paryay darshavile aahet, kaaran teey uchch nivad aanee aakarshan thevanyasathi tayar kele aahet. udaharanarth, naun-conductive polyphenol nanoe-coating (pii. pii. aine. coating) asalelya nanotip asalelya emm. aay. sensorchya prayogat eae. 7 prathinancha nivadak shodh disun aala aanee asha prakare manvi papillomavirus, itar manvi rogjanke aanee vishari padarthancha shodh aanee nidan karnyasathi yaa nanocensorcha sambhavya vapar darshavila gela. varr darshavilyapramane, aanvik chhapkam tantra asalele nanocensor nivadakpane atisanvedanshil rasayanik prajati shodhanyat saksham aahet jyamadhye polymer matricks krutrimpane sudharit karoon aanvik chhapkamamule aakarshan aanee nivadakta vadhate. aanvik chhapil polymer jaree nanocensorchya nivadak aanvik olakheet fayade puravat asale taree, heey tantra swatach tulanene alikadache aahe aanee ksheen sanket, prabhavi transducercha abhav asalelya shodh pranali aanee karyaksham shodh naan asalelya prushthbhagansarkhi aavhane ajunahi aahet. atyant prabhavi nanocensorchya vikasasathi aanvik chhapil polymerchya kshetratil pudhil tapas aanee sanshodhan mahattvache aahe.
nanocensors smart aarogya seva vikasit karnyasathi, nanocensorche eka jaale, jyala anekada nanonetwork mhanatat, teey sthapit karane aavashyak aahe, jenekarun vaiyaktik nanocensorchya aakar aanee shaktichya maryada door karata yeteel. nanonetworks keval vidyaman aavhane qamee karat nahee tarr asankhya sudharana dekhil pradan karate. nanocensorche peshi-stariy resolution upcharanna dushparinam door karnyas saksham karel, rugnanchya sthitiche satat nirikshan aanee ahwal saksham karel.
nanonetworksasathi pudhil abhyas aavashyak aahe qee nanocensor heey paramparik sensarspeksha vegale aahet. sanvedak jaalyanchi sarvat samanya yantrana vidyutchumbakiy sampreshanachya madhyamatoon aahe. tathapi, nanoe deviceschi qamee shreni aanee shakti yamule sadhyacha namuna lagoo hott nahee. shastriy vidyutchumbakiy telemetryla paryay mhanoon optical signal transduction suchavale gele aahe aanee manvi shariramadhye tyache dekhrekh anuprayog aahet. itar suchavalelya yantrananmadhye jaiv-prerit aanvik sampreshan, aanvik sampreshanachya wired aanee wireless sakriy vahtook, forster urja hastantaran aanee barech kahee samavisht aahe. eka karyaksham nanonetwork tayar karane mahattvache aahe jenekarun teey vaidyakeey pratyaropan, boddy eriya network (bandee), nanoe vastunche internet (iont), aushadh vitaran aanee itar kshetranmadhye lagoo kele jaau shakel. sookshm sookshm upkarananchya karyakshamatesah, jaiv pratyaropan karnyayogya sookshm upkaran heey sthool aakarachya pratyaropananchya tulanet uchch achookata, sankalp aanee surakshitata pradan karoo shakatat. boddy eriya network (bandee) sensors aanee actuatorsna konatyahi rogacha adhik changlya prakare andaj ghenyasathi manvi shariratoon sharirik aanee sharirik mahitee gola karnyas saksham karate, jyamule upchar sulabh hotil. bandichya sambhavya upayoganmadhye hriday v raktavahinyasambandhi roganche nirikshan, insulin vyavasthapan, krutrim drushti aanee shravan aanee samprerak upchar vyavasthapanacha samavesh aahe. jaiv-nanoe vastunche internet mhanje nanoe upkarananchya jaalyancha sandarbh aahe, jyanna internetdware pravesh karata yeto. iobntchya vikasamule naveen upchar aanee nidan tantrancha marg mokala jhaala aahe. nanonetworks aushadhanche sthanikikaran aanee parisancharan vel vadhavun aushadh vitaranas dekhil madat karoo shakatat.
vareel anuprayoganmadhye vidyaman aavhananmadhye nanoe pratyaropananchi jaiv-susangatata, bhautik maryada jyamule shakti aanee smrutee sathavanukicha abhav hoto aanee iobntchya transmitter aanee receiver designchi jaiv-susangatata yancha samavesh hoto. nanonetwork sankalpanet sudharanansathi anek kshetre aaheth yamadhye nanoe machines vikasit karane, protocol stack samasya, veej purvathyachi tantre aanee barech kahee samavisht aahe.
nanocensorchya pratikool parinamambaddal tasech nanocensorchya sambhavya cytotoxic parinamambaddal apuri mahitee asalyamule vaidyakeey udhyogat nanocensorchya manakanchya vikasasathi ajunahi kathor niyam aahet. yavyatirikt, silicon, nanovires aanee carbon nanotubes sarkhya kachchya malachi kimmat jaast asoo shakate, jyamule nanocensorche vyaparikaran aanee utpadan rokhata yete, jyachya amalbajavanisathi praman vadhavanyachi aavashyakta asate. kharchachi kamatarata qamee karnyasathi, sanshodhak adhik kifayatshir samgripasoon banavalelya nanocensorchya nirmiticha vichar karat aahet. nanocensorchya lahan aakaramule aanee vividh sanshleshan tantrambaddalachya sanvedansheelatemule, punarutpadakpane nirmiti karnyasathi uchch patalichi achookata dekhil aavashyak aahe, jyamule atirikt tantrik aavhane door kelee jaatat.