samuel dii. sthool

samuel david gross (8 julai 1805-6 meey 1884) haah eka american shaikshanik aaghat shalyachikitsak hota. sarjan charitrakar isaq minis hesane sthool 'american shastrakriyecha nester' mhatale aahe."ekonisavya shatkatil eka pramukh american chitra, thomas eakinschya" "daad gross clinic" "(1875) madhye tyache amaratva aahe". alekzandarne eka kansya putala udavoon deela aanee too rashtriy malver ubharala, parantu 1970 madhye too philadelphiyatil thomas jefferson vidyapithat halavanyat aala.
prarambhik jeevan aanee prashikshan.
easton, pensylvania jawalil eka shetat janmalelya gross yanna vanaspati, zaade aanee fulanmadhye rus nirman jhaala. too german bhashetil pensylvania dutch bhashet boloon motha jhaala aanee tyane vayachya avaghya pachvya varshi doctor honyacha nishchay keela. vayachya 17 vya varshi tyanna eka sthanik doctorkade prashikshan denyat aale, nantar dusare, parantu heey donhi anubhav lavkarach asamadhankarak tharale. tyanantar tyanni dow. joseph keey. swift, pensylvania vidyapithache padvidhar. doctor mhanoon kaam karnyasathi ekoon 'prathamik shikshan' heey apure prashikshan aahe heey twarit lakshat aale. tyanantar gross purvatayari shalet paratala, pratham wilkes-barrey akadamimadhye gela. pudhe teey newyorkmadheel bowery yetheel gele shalet (jithe tyanna shastriy abhyasachi parshvabhoomi midali) aanee nyu jarsimadhil laurenceville shalet gele.
vayachya 19 vya varshi gross swiftchya karyalayat paratala, jithe tyane khanijashastra, shareer rachnashastra, shastrakriya, materia medica, upcharshastra, sharirshastra, prasutishastra aanee french shikale. tyanna swiftchya rugnansobat vaidyakeey anubhavahi midala. eka varshachya prashikshanantar, prakruti asvasthyamule tyanni sahaa aathvadyanchi sutty ghetali. swiftney tyala pudhil prashikshanasathi pensylvania vidyapithat jaanyacha sallah deela, parantu grossney philadelphiyamadhil navyane sthapan jhalelya jefferson vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayachi nivad kelee, kaaran tyane shaleche sansthapak, shastrakriyeche pradhyapak dow. george mcclellan aanee tyanche sahkari dow. johnn eberal, vaidyakshastrache pradhyapak. grossney 1826 chya akheris jeffersonmadhye pravesh keela aanee 1828 madhye 27 vidyarthyanchya vargat padvi prapt kelee.
pensylvania aanee ohayomadhye prarambhik karkird.
grossney philadelphiyamadhil pachvya aanee granthalay rastyanchya rastyanchya eka karyalayat sarav suru keela. tyanche rugna qamee hote aanee tyanni french aanee german vaidyakeey granthanche ingerjit bhashantar karnyat barach vel ghalavala, parantu yamule tyanche utpann purese vadhale nahee. tyane eka mulala janm janm vees varshanchya vidhveshi lagn kele aanee lavkarach easton yethe parat gela, jithe rahnimanacha kharch qamee hota aanee tarun doctoransathi adhik sandhee hotya. tyanni tithe eka ghar vikat ghetale aanee magchya bajula eka chhoti prayogshala bandhali jithe teey divasatoon anek taas manav aanee pranyanchya vichchedanavar ghalvat asat. tyanna rakt gothane, jathar aanee mutrapindatil visarjan, pranyanna shitpittache lasikaran aanee galfas ghetalyanantar fuffusiy rogvidnyan yaa vishayanvaril sanshodhanatahi rus vatoo lagla. eastonmadhye jevha patakichi mahamari pasarali, tevha yaa rogavaril manjur upcharambaddal jaanun ghenyasathi nagarparishadene tyala newyorkla pathavale.
gross yanna sharirshastrache shikshak vhayache hote aanee 1833 madhye tyanni jefferson yetheel tyanche majee pradhyapak aanee nantar cincinnati yetheel ohiyochya vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayatil materia medikache pradhyapak johnn eberley yanchyashi sampark sadhala. eberal tithe sharirshastrache pradarshak mhanoon mothe sthan midvu shakala aanee tyanantar lagechach gross tyachi patni aanee done mulansah cincinnati yethe rahayala gela. tathapi, shareer rachana vibhagachya pramukhanchya matsaramule teey niyamit amphitheatermadhye vyakhyan deu shakat navhate parantu tyaeivaji tyanna eka chaukatichya jaaget halavanyat aale. thodya kalanantar gross yanni cincinnati mahavidhyalayachya vaidyakeey vibhagat pathological anatomyche pramukh mhanoon padd sweekarle. tithe tyanchi bhet dow. daniele drake, jyanchyashi tyane eka jawalchi vaiyaktik maitri kelee jee 1852 madhye drekchya mrutyuparyant tikali.
louisvilla hastantaran.
1839 madhye, cincinnatimadhil mahavidhyalay dumadale gele. drekne yapurvi 1833 madhye sthapan jhalelya louiville vaidyakeey sansthet pathological anatomy aanee clinical medicineche adhyakshapad sweekarle hote aanee tyachya prabhavamule virginia vidyapith aanee louisiana vidyapithatun pradhyapakanchi padey nakarat, yaa shalet nokri swikaranyas sthool karanibhoot tharale. gross aanee tyachya kutumbane 1840 madhye louisville hotelmadhye vastavya kele aanee tyanantar lagechach tyane pachvya rastyachya purvela hiravya (aatache swatantrya) aanee acroad rastyandarmyan eka karyalay aanee nivassthan sthapan kele. kele shahar nirdeshiket tyache karyalay aanee ghar heey acroad rastyachya uttar bajula bajula aanee chauthya darmyan soochibaddha kele hote.
tyachya aagmananantar lagechach, 1841 madhye gross yanni mahavidhyalayachya imaratichya talgharat eka kutra prayogshala ubharali, jee tevha fakt done varshe junie hotee aanee 'saundarya aanee soyisathi khandatil konatyahi ashach imaratipeksha jaast nahee' asey varnan kele hote."yaa sanrachanevar 30,000 dollars aanee europemadhye pustake, rasayanik upkarane aanee sharirik tayarisathi 20,000 dollars kharch karnyat aale hote. joshua flint, shastrakriyeche pradhyapak mhanoon sthool 'purvavarti. mahavidhyalayatil vyakhyane novembermadhil pahilya somwari suru jhaali aanee marchparyant chalali. aagau tikit kharedidaransathi 1 aktoobar roji vichhedan kaksh ughadanyat aale. 1823 pasoon astitvat asalelya louisville sagari rugnalayachya prabhaganmadhyehi vidyarthyanna muktapane dakhal karnyat aale. grossney khajgi saravatahi pravesh keela, joou tyanni seent yethe aayojit keela. joseph rugnalay, 20 november 1836 roji seent mhanoon ughadale gele. vincentchi rugnalay aanee jefferson streetvaril eka namankit anathalayat thevanyat aalee. 1853 madhye, teey chatnut aanee broadway darmyanchya chauthya rastyachya paschim bajula bhadyachya imaratit halavanyat aale.
newyork shaharachya vidyapithachya pradhyapkanvar ghalavalele eka varsh vagalata teey sola varshe louiswillmadhye rahile. drake aanee tyachya tyachya, gross yanni louisville vaidyakeey sansthela paschim united statesmadhil sarvat mahattvache vaidyakeey kendra banvinyat madat kelee. tethil sthool kalat, sansthene applechian parvatanchya purvekadil samaan pratishtha midavali aanee sthulanchya niyuktichya velee, louisville yetheel tyanche sahkari pradhyapak sarvanni aapapalya kshetrat aantarrashtriy naslyas rashtriy khyatee midavali hotee.
tathapi, louisvillemadhil grosscha karyakal vadashivay navhata. tyacha purvavarti, joshua flint, louisvilla yenyapurvi nyu englandmadhye shalyachikitsak mhanoon prasiddha jhaala hota aanee 1850 madhye flintney navyane aayojit kentki school auph medicinemadhye shastrakriyeche pramukh mhanoon padd sweekarle, jyachya eka paulane 1908 madhye done shaala villin hoiparyant tee sanstha aanee louisville vaidyakeey sanstha yanchyat kadvi spardha suru jhaali. tathapi, gross samajik vartulat khoop lokpriy jhaale. too aanee tyache kutumb crittendance, break brij, wooley, preston, wickliffe, pertle, ballard, rovan, guthri aanee prentices yanchyashi jawalche mitra hote. gross heey lexingtonmadhil tyachya 'ashland' yaa estatemadhye heinry kleche atithidekhil hote. teey ekatma church aanee seent churchche sadasya hote. george lodge auph messon. 1854 madhye teey american philosophical societyche sadasyahi jhaale. august 1855 madhye, louisvilleche mahapour johnn barby yanche jawalche mitra, gross yanni pachvya rastyavaril catholic cathedralla paradeshi-kahihi naan naan pakshachya jamavapasun vachavanyat madat kelee, jyacha hetu raktaranjit somwari jhalelya dangalit teey jaalanyacha hota.
philadelphiya kadey parat jaa.
1856 madhye, grosschya alma metter, jefferson vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayane tyanna shastrakriyeche pradhyapak mhanoon padd deu kele aanee mageel varshi pensylvania vidyapithatun ashach prakarchi sthitee nakarunahi tyanni teey sweekarle. matra, too philadelphiyala ravana honyapurvi louisvilchya nagarikanni galt hausmadhye tyala bhavya chendu deuun sanmanit kele. yadavi yuddhadarmyan, gross yanni yuu. ess. sathee shalyachikitsak sallagar mhanoon kaam kele.ess. shalyachikitsak general, aanee lashkari aushadhanvar eka lahan pustika tayar kelee.
filadelfiyamadhye gross anek vaidyakeey sansthanchya sarvat pramukh sadasyanpaiki eka banala kaaran americetil doctoranni tyancha vyavasay vyavsayik karnyacha adhikadhik prayatna keela. tyanni american medical associationche (aii. emm. aii.) visave adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele aanee 1868 chya satrat adhyakshiy bhashan dile, jithe ajendyavaril pahila muddah "american medical associationchya niyatkalikache agradoot", "american medical associationchya vyavharansathi adhik karyakshamatene prakashit karane aanee adhik vidvattapoorn aanee vaidnyanik laksh kendrit karane haah hota. philadelphiyamadhil tyanchya kalat, gross yanni american cergical association aanee philadelphiya pathological association sthapan karnyas dekhil madat kelee. yapurvi kentakimadhye tyane tii. saha sthapana kelee hotee.jee. richardson, daad louisville medical review aanee daad north american kyrorgical review.
1875 madhye gross amachya baithakisathi louisvilla paratala, jithe too punha adhyaksh mhanoon nivadala gela aanee tyane bhavya manoranjan kele, agadi kentakichya doctoranni tyala done sampoorn jaatichya ghodyansah sadar kele. done varshannantar, 1877 madhye, jevha tyanni danville yetheel prasiddha shalyachikitsak ephraim mcdowell yanchya sanmanarth smarak bhashan dile, tevha tyanni kentkeela shevatchi bhet dilee. grossla mcdowellchya gharacha mool darvaja thothavanara upahar denyat aala; kahee kalasathi hii bhet philadelphiyamadhil vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayachya sangrahalayachya sangrahat hotee, parantu tyanantar tee danvillemadhil mcdowell hausmadhye parat karnyat aalee aahe, jithe tee kachekhali thewali aahe.
"sthool chikitsalay".
1875 madhyehi, kalakar thomas eakins yanni tyanchya prasiddha chitra 'daad gross clinic' madhye grossche chitran kele hote, jeey eakins yanni philadelphiya yetheel 1876 chya shatabdi pradarshanat dakhavale hote. tathapi, chitrakalechya chitramay swarupamule kalatmak vibhagatil nyayadhishanni teey vaidyakeey pradarshanavaril vibhagat kadhoon takale. jefferson vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayatil vaidyakeey amphitheatermadhil vidyarthyanchya mohit prekshakanna shastrakriyechi tantre samajavun sangtana, eka tarun rugnachya manditil eka durdamya rog kadhoon takanyache kaushalyapurn sadarikaran karoon, heey chitra tyachya karkirdichya shikharavar asatana sthoolata darshavate. asha prakare ekinane vaidya aanee shikshak yaa donhinchya duheri kshamatet sthulala eka tyton mhanoon chitrit kele. heey chitra aata ekonisavya shatkatil american kaleteel sarvat mahan kamanpaiki eka manale jaate.
chitra spashtapane darshavate qee dow. joseph lister aanee louis pestur yanni sansarg spasht karnyasathi rogjantu siddhant siddhant alikadil karyanantarhi, gross yanna antisepsischya parinamkaraktebaddal khatri patali nahee. chitrat chitrit kelelya shastrakriyetil serve sahbhagi aanee prekshak samanya kapade ghalatat, nirjantukikaran kelelya shastrakriyetil gauun naheet; hatmoje kinwa shastrakriyetil mukhavate asanyachi chinhe naheet; aanee asey gruheet dharale jaate qee shastrakriyepurvi konatihi upkarane kinwa haat nirjantukikaran kelele navhate. dow. grossche mhanane uddhrut kele aaheh "atalantikchya yaa bajula asalelya konatyahi prabuddh kinwa anubhavi shalyachikitsakane pradhyapak listerchya tathakathit carbolic acid upcharanmadhye jarr kahee vishvas thewala asel tarr too qamee aahe".
yaulat, aapan eakinschya nantarchya chitrat, 'daad egnew clinic', shastrakriya natyagruhatil vandhyatvakade eka paul pahato.
chauda varshannantar, ekinane 'daad egnew clinic' (1889) heey asech chitra tayar kele, jyat grossche pratirup, david hays egnew, pensylvania vidyapithatil amphitheatermadhye shastrakriya karat asalyache chitrit kele aahe. "egnew clinic" aata philadelphiya museum auph artla karjavar aahe, jeey pensylvania academy auph fine artsobat "gross clinic" chee malki dekhil samayik karate. thomas jefferson vidyapithane 2006 chya uttaradhat nantarche chitra vikale.
mrutyu.
gross yanche 6 meey 1884 roji vayachya 78 vya varshi philadelphiya yethe nidhan jhaale. leey moyan smashanbhumit tyanchyavar antyasanskar karnyat aale aanee tyanchya asthee jangalatil smashanbhumit puravanyat aalya. kahee varasatva vagalata sakal malmatta tyachya chaar mulanmadhye samaan pramanat vibhagali gelee. 5, 000 peksha jaast khandanche tyanche granthalay, tyanchi olya tayari, aakruti aanee sangrahalayasah, philadelphiya academy auph sarjarila denyat aale. tyach sansthesathi tyanni 5,000 dollar sodale; yaa rakmevareel vyaj darr paach varshanni shalyachikitsa rogshastravaril sarvotkrusht nibandhala dile jaate.
sanman.
grossla anek maranottar puraskar midale. amerikeche rashtradhyaksh william mackinly yanni amerikechya smithsonian udyanat kansya putala samarpit keela.ess. yuu. neey niyukt kelelya pithavar rajdhani.ess. congress. 1970 madhye teey philadelphiyachya madhyavarti shaharatil thomas jefferson vidyapithachya parisarat halavanyat aale.
louiswillmadhye fred rankin amphitheatermadhye tyache eka chitra tanglele aahe aanee 1941 pasoon, phay delta epsilon vaidyakeey bandhunni varshik samuel dii prayojit kele aahe. sthool vyakhyane.
lekhan.
gross cincinnatila gelyanantar, tyanni tyanche anuvad karya thambavale aanee vaidnyanik kshetratil mool yogdan prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee. 1839 madhye, ekoon prakashit jhalela 'pathological anatomyche ghatak' haah united statesmadhil yaa vishayavaril pahila paddhatshir grunth; tyache done khand lakud kapoon aanee rangeet koreev kamansah bhavyapane chitrit kele gele. gele aavruttila prakhyat german shastradnya rudolph vercho yanchyakadun prashansa midali. grossche 1859 madheel done khandanche 'cysteam auph surgery' heey kadachit tyanche sarvat prasiddha kaam aahe. tyanchya itar prakashananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
gross yanna itihasatahi rus hota, kaaran tyanni anek vaidyakeey charitra prakashit kele aanee kentakichya itihasavar lihile. 1861 madhye tyanni 'ekonisavya shatkatil prakhyat american doctor aanee shalyachikitsakanche jeevan' sampadit kele aanee ekada kentki steet medical associationla bhashan dile jyat tyanni suruvatichya kentki doctor dow. ephraim mcdowell. ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatila mcdowellne james keey yaa tarunakadun mutratil dagad kadhala hota. polk, aanee americetil sarvat saksham shalyachikitsakanpaiki eka aanee otipotavaril shastrakriyeche pravartak, tasech pahile andashayshastradnya mhanoon swatahla pratishthit kele.

