
samanvay (bhashavidnyan)

bhashashastrat, jevha ekach lexem, morph kinwa fonechya karyatmakdrushtya bhinn ghatana swarupat samaan asatat tevha samanvay astitvat asato. haah shabd aitihasik bhashashastrat udbhavala, joou pratimananchya antargat aakarshastriy swarupanchya abhisaranas sandarbhit karato. asha prakarananmadhye, purvicha farak 'samanvayit' keela gela aahe. jevha pratimanamadhye byanpaiki niyamit namuna pahila jaau shakato tevha 'samanvayavad' haah shabd anekada vaparla jaato.
samanvayavad haah bhashik samalingipanacha eka vishisht prakar aahe. samalingi shabd mhanje samaan uchchar (roop) parantu bhinn arth asalelya done shabdanchya kinwa ruparupanchya konatyahi udaharanala sandarbhit karate. samanvayavad haah samalingitecha eka prakar aahe joou eka vishisht pratimanamadhye udbhavato jyamadhye vakyarachanasathi vegalya swarupanchi aavashyakta asate. tathapi, apghati samalingi sambandh pratimananmadhye udbhavtat aanee lipzig vidyapithachya bhashavid sebastian bankene naisargik varganchya madhyamatoon pratimananmadhye apghati samalingi sambandh aanee samanvay yanchyatil farak keela aahe. jevha samaan pratiman swarupancha sanch samanya vaishishtyandvare jodala jaato aanee mool vakta prakaranmadhil farak sangu shakat nahee, tevha yala samanvayavad mhanatat.
dhvanyatmak kinwa aakarshastriy badalatoon samanvay nirman houu shakato. berman "aanee itar."samanvayavadachya yaa done strotanna" "andh dhvanyatmak badal" "aanee" "morphosyntactic readjustment" "asey mhanatat". dhvanyatmak badalachya babatit, moolatah bhinn rupe eksarkhi uchcharali jaatat, jenekarun tyanchi vishishtata nasht hote. assa badal anekada aadhunik german kriyapadachya pratimanat disun yeu shakatoh 'ghene' haah anant shabd junya uchch germanmadhun aala aahe, pratham vyakti bahuvachan hrass pasoon aala aahe aanee truteey vyakti bahuvachan pasoon aala aahe. heey lexemmadhye prakat jhalelya samanvayavadache dekhil eka udaharan aahe.
kahee vidwan, berman aanee itaranchya matey., andh dhvanyatmak badal haah keval samalingipana nirman karnyasathi manla pahije, samanvayasathi nahee. samanvayavadachya done strotanmadhil haah farak siddhantadrushtya mahattvacha aahe, parantu 'vastavik' rakhane katheen aahe.
aakarshastriy badalachya babatit, eka prakar vaparane thambavate aanee dusyadiiivaaareeii tyachi jaaga ghetali jaate. yaa badalache udaharan lattinchya tisya-padbhransh sandnyanmadhil samanvayavadadvare dile jaau shakate, jyanche sandnya namsoochak aanee shabdavachak prakarananmadhye samaan swaroop ghetat.
samanvayavadache prakar.
berman "aanee itar."samanvayavadache teen prakar olakha. heey sadhe samanvay, nested samanvay aanee viruddha samanvay aahet. jevha pratimanatil kiman done peshi samanvayatmak asatat tevha sadhe samanvay hote. jevha pratimanatil donpeksha jaast peshi ekach swarupashi samanvayit asatat tevha nested synchratism udbhavate. jevha sadhya samanvayatechi anek prakarane asatat, jyamadhye sadhya samanvayavadachya pratimanatil pratyek prakaran itaranpeksha vegale asate, tevha ulat samanvayavad udbhavato.
vareel taktyat sadhya samanvayavadachya pratimeche swaroop ingrajimadhil dusya vyakti vishay sarvanamachya ekvachan aanee bahuvachan swarupat dakhavale aahe. purush aanee strilingi truteey vyakti bahuvachan vishay sarvanamanmadhye sadhya samanvayavadache aanakhi eka udaharan aahe, donhi teey jase aahet tase lakshat aale. samanvayavadachi hii done prakarane ektritpane viruddha samanvayavadache udaharan aahet.
khaleel takta nested synchratism eka model darshavito, jyamadhye brazilian portugijmadhil subjunctive kriyapadachya sanyogachya pratimanatil ekapeksha jaast peshi samaan roop, "seja" mhanoon lakshat yetat."
stumpney 2001 saalee lihilelya 'inflectional morphology aaa theary auph paradigam structure' yaa pustakat chaar bhinn prakarchya samanvayavadachi olakh patavali aahe. yaa pratimanala dishatmak samanvay mhanatat, kaaran teey samanvay jyaa dishene hoto aanee pragati karato tyaa dishene nirdesh karate. samanvayavadachya chaar disha ekdishiy, dviditeey, unstipulated aanee samamiteey aahet.
ekdishatmak samanvay hii sankalpana aahe qee pratimanatil eka peshiche swaroop dusya peshivar mapp kele jaate. indo-european bhashanmadhil tatasth shabdanchya aaropatmak prakaranchya shodhadvare yache udaharan dile jaate. tatasth ling asalelya indo-european bhashanmadhye, tatasth shabdanche namvachak aanee aaropatmak prakar samaan asatat. aaropatmak prakaran heey chinhankit prakaran aahe (mhanje aaropatmak upasthiti mhanje namnirdeshit upasthiti, tarr namnirdeshit prakaran aaropatmak nasalelya bhashet astitvat asoo shakate) aanee mhanoon asey gruheet dharale jaau shakate qee namnirdeshit tatasth shabdache swaroop aaropatmak swarupat mapp kele gele hote. shabd" sathee slovak shabdapramane, "slovo", jeey namvachak aanee aaropatmak donhimadhye samaan aahe, tarr purushatvapurna sajeev aanee strilingi shabd khaleel taktyat darshavilyapramane, pratyek prakaranat badaltat.
stumpcha pudhil prakarcha samanvay haah dvidishatmak aahe. heey ekdishatmak aahe, parantu kahee prakarananmadhye mapping eka dishene asate aanee itar prakarananmadhye mapping dusya dishene asate. yache udaharan russian bhashet janukeey ekvachan aanee namvachak bahuvachan swarupat dile jaate. kahee prakarananmadhye teey <qema> jee mhanoon lakshat yete.ess. jee.-> aine.pl </Chem> aanee itar prakarananmadhye teey <Chem> n mhanoon lakshat yete.pl-> g.ess. jee. </qema>.
jevha samanvay sadhane asha dishene hote jeey agadi spasht nasate, parantu samanvayit swaroop vaishishtyachya naisargik vargadvare jodalele asatat tevha aniyantrit samanvay sadhane udbhavate. yache eka udaharan mhanje german janukeey aanee dative, purush aanee tatasth, nammatra ghatakanmadhil samanvay, jethe yaa pratimanat samanvayit naan kelele ekmev prakar strilingi aahet, mhanoon naisargik varg [-fem] aahe. heey khaleel taktyat dakhavale aahe.
stumpchya chaar prakarchya samanvay modelmadhil antim shreni mhanje samamiteey samanvay. yaa shrenila sarvat qamee paribhashit seema aahet aanee jevha dishatmak samanvay nasato aanee konatahi spasht naisargik varg nasato tevha udbhavnari samanvayata mhanoon adhik paribhashit kelee jaate.
dieter wonderlich, 'nominal inflectionmadhil shodh' madhye stumpchya chaar prakarchya samanvayatmak pratimanaviruddha yuktivad karatat, vichartat qee 'dishatmak samanvayatmak sankalpanechi kahee garaj aahe qaa?"wonderlich suchavatat qee, manalya jaananya dishatmak samanvayatechi serve udaharane, mug tee eka-kinwa dvi-dishatmak asso, pratyakshat unstipulated kinwa samamiteey samanvayatechi prakarane aahet.
ingraji.
ingerjit, samanvayavadamule cases marking gamavale aanee shabd kramache sthirikaran jhaale. udaharanarth, 'tumhi' chey namvachak aanee aaropatmak swaroop samaan aahet, tarr 'too'/'tyala', 'tee'/'teela' ii., vyakaran prakarnanusar vegvegale prakar aahet.
samanvayavadache aanakhi eka ingraji udaharan bahutek ingraji kriyapadachya pratimananmadhye pahile jaau shakateh bhootkalatil sahbhag aanee nishkriy sahbhag aanee anekada bhootkalamadhye konatahi aakarshastriy farak nasato.
yethe aadhalalela samanvay ingraji vaiyaktik sarvanamanmadhye aadhalanaya shabdik samanvayavadapeksha itka vegala aahe qee samanvayavad anukrame 'chalane' aanee 'jinkane' chya babatit pratyay kinwa mool badalamadhye prakat hoto.
ingrajimadhil samanvayavadache aanakhi eka udaharan mhanje shevat-/ zed/, jeey serve (ekvachan) sandnyanvar swatvabodhak chinhankit karnyasathi vaparale jaate aanee bahutek prakarananmadhye bahuvachan aanee swatvabodhak bahuvachan, jeey jaree bhinn (, aanee, anukrame) aksharlekhan asale taree, uchcharat samaan teen bhinnata aahet, mhanje-,-, aanee-.
bhashanchya bhasha.
paschim german bhashancha eka upasamuh asalelya inguanic bhashanmadhye, kriyapadanmadhye badal ghadavun aanatana vikasit jhalelya samanvayavadache eka mahattvache udaharan, jethe teen bahuvachan vyaktinche swaroop eksarkhe jhaale. junya ingrajimadhye aahe, aanee (aamhi, tumhi, tyanchyakade aahe) aanee junya saxonmadhye aahe, aanee, serve ekach kriyapadachya rupasah. asha "ekikrut bahuvachan" bhasha adhik dakshinekadil junya dutch aanee junya uchch german bhashanshi bhinn hotya, jyanchi ajunahi pratyeki teen bhinn rupe hotee, udaa.jee. oh,. aadhunik bhashanmadhye, haah farak qamee german aanee uchch german bhashanna vegale karnara eka mahattvacha samasthanik aahe.
lattin.
lattinmadhye, truteey-padnam sandnyanche namvachak aanee shabdavachak samaan swarupache asatat (udaa.jee. "rakes" 'king' heey donhi namvachak aanee shabdavachak ekvachan aahe), jeey chinhankan prakaranat samanvay vitarit karate. dusare nirikshan mhanje ekvachanat (eae.jee., 'puele' 'gerl-dett.ess. jee. 'aanee' puela 'gerl-abal.sg '), parantu aata bahuvachanat nahee (udaa.jee., 'puelis' 'gerl-dett.pl/gerl-aii. bii. ell.pl '.
itar bhasha.
finnish aanee estoniyansarkhya finnic bhashanmadhye, aaropatmak aanee janukeey ekvachan prakaran swaroop aanee namvachak aanee aaropatmak bahuvachan prakaran swarupanmadhye samanvay aahe.
samanvayasathi khaate.
synchratismcha eka cross-linguistic typological tapas astitvat aahe (berman, braun aanee corbett, 2005 dware "vakyarachana-aakarman interfaces eka abhyas samanvayavad"). haah abhyas samanvayavadachya tarkik jaagecha shodh gheto, i.eae.konati vaishishtye samavisht asoo shakatat aanee heey konatya prakarchya namunyanche varnan karatat. tyane jagatil bhashanche vaividhyapurn namune dekhil dile.
samanvayavadavaril itar abhyasanmadhye "russian sandnya pratikshepat samanvayavadasathi eka vitarit aakarvidnyan drushtikon" (mueller 2004) samavisht aahe jyamadhye mueller russian sandnya pratikshepasathi paddhatshir vivaran pradan karato.