
briskar paddhat

briskar paddhat kinwa briskar "derek" haah talmud abhyasasathicha eka qamee karnara drushtikon aahe, joou briskchya (breast, bellaroos) rabbi chem solovichikne navinpane tayar keela aahe, joou paramparik drushtikonachya ulat aahe joou tyaeivaji sarvangin hota. tevhapasoon too lokpriy jhaala aahe aanee jagbharatil yeshivanmadhye pasarla aahe. briskar paddhatila talmud abhyasasathicha 'sankalpanatmak' drushtikon mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate aanee anekada teela fakt 'lomdus' (shabdik arth) asey sambodhale jaate. "vishleshanatmak abhyas").
bagha.
siddhant.
sthoolpane sangayache tarr, briskar paddhatipurvi, talmudik grunth "mukhbhav" varr ghetale jaat asat, joparyant tase naan karnyache thos kaaran nasate. jarr done granthanmadhil virodhabhas aadhalala, tarr tyancha mell karnyasathi eka kinwa donhi granthancha punarvapar karane aavashyak jhaale. parantu hii samet ghadavun aananyasathi konatihi manak paddhat navhati. konee dilele konatehi spashtikaran, jeey vajvi vatale, teey sweekarle jaeel.
charchemadhye samavisht asalelya pratyek sankalpanechya achook vyakhyansathi paddhatshir shodh gheuun, brisser paddhat yaa drushtikonachi jaaga ghete. ekada kayada jyaa yantranedvare karya karato tee yantrana kathorpane aanee yogyaritya paribhashit kelee gelee qee, heey spasht houu shakate qee vyakhyecha eka pailu eka paristhitit lagoo hoto parantu dusra nahee. tyamule, jaree teey varvarchevar khoop samaan disat asale taree, antim halcha (jyoo kayada) done paristhitinmadhye vegala asel.
byavachada 'rishonim' madheel matbhedanchi sampoorn malika (andaje 1000-1500 yaa kalavadhitil talmudik bhashya) yaa rishonimla talmudmadhil eka ola kashee samajate yaat sookshm farak disun yeu shakato. pratyek rishanala vishay kassa samajala yache achook sootra, aanee asha prakare tyanchya matatil matbhed, briskar paddhat deu shakate. jevha done rishonimsmadhil vadavivadanchi sampoorn malika ekach "chakira" kinwa talmudik sankalpanechya samajutitil farkabhovati firate asey dakhavale jaau shakate tevha haah drushtikon sarvat netradipak asato.
yaa drushtikonacha aanakhi eka fayda mhanje heey "elu wii 'elu divre elokim chaim" (shabdik arth) yaa gondhalat takna talmudik vidhanala spasht karnyas madat karate. heey [shabd] aanee heey [shabd] jiwant prabhuche shabd aahet). dusya shabdant, talmud eka kalpana pudhe aanato qee tyachya sangrahatil konatahi "vaidh" arth lavane katekorpane chukiche nahee. tyaeivaji, eka vishisht vishayavar anek matey nyayyapane mandali jaau shakatat. briskar drushtikonanusar, hii kalpana sankalpanatmak drushtine spasht kelee aahe. donhi matanni samaan tathye sweekarli, tyamule konatihi gosht katekorpane chukichi nahee. tathapi, eka matane yaa samasyechi sankalpana eka tarkik chashmyatoon kelee, tarr dusya matane yaa samasyekade purnapane vegalya tarkik chashmyatoon pahile (khalee dileli udaharane pahaa). tyamule, donhi matey daividrushtya nyayya drushtikon aahet heey swikarane sope aahe, kaaran tyancha moolbhut drushtikon bhautik swarupapeksha saiddhantik aahe. 
briskar paddhat hii bhootkalapasun purn viram nahee. vegwan honyapurvi rabbi kadhikadhi 'sankalpanatmak' bhed karat asat aanee briskar rabbi ajunahi tyanni shodhalelya paribhashecha avalamb naan karata samasya sodavu shakatat. farak mhanje laksh aanee patali. gair-jokhim vishleshan keval aavashyakatenusarach "sankalpanatmak" vyakhya tayar karate, tarr briskersasathi, yaa vyakhya heey talmudik samasyekade jaatana vaparale jaanare pahile aanee sarvat samanya sadhan aahe.
achook vyakhyechya mulyavar rabbi chemane bharr dilyache eka udaharan uddharanat aadhalu shakateh "teen vegvegalya samasyanche uttar denara eka drushtikon teen samasyanche vaiyaktikaritya nirakaran karnyasathi teen vegvegalya drushtikonanpeksha changla aahe" (ocamchya resercha parinam).
udaharane.
tyanantarche kahee farak arthaheen vatoo shakatatah done paryay agadi samaan sankalpana vyakt karnyache vegvegale marg aahet. briskar sankalpana tayar kartana haah kharokharach eka mahattvapoorn dhoka aahe. mhanoon, farak tayar kelyavar, farkasathi 'nafka minnah' shodhane hii nityaniyojit gosht aahe-eka anubhavjanya prakaran jyamadhye done samaj pratyakshat bhinn parinamankade netat. jevha 'nafka minnah' (agadi durmil aanee avyavharik) olakhala jaato tevhach aekhadyacha 'briskar' farak vaidh aahe yachee khatri houu shakate. khalee soochibaddha kelelya pratyek farkamadhye yethe nirdisht naan kele asale taree kiman eka 'nafka minnah' aahe.
itihas.
volozincha prasiddha yeshiv, arthat pahila aadhunik yeshiv, yane netzivchya netrutvakhali talmudiksachya dishene paramparik drushtikonachi bajoo ghetali, jyala ekhadya vishayache vishleshan karnyapurvi "samanya talmudik bhavna" prapt karnyasathi anekada mothya pramanat talmudik samagri shoshane aavashyak asate. matra, nantar rabbi chaim solovichik vologene yethe vyakhyate jhaale. yaa tappyavar, 1880 chya sumaras, rabbi chaimchya naveen paddhati pratham sarvajanik jhalya.
tathapi, rabbi joseph solovichikne tyachya briskar rovchya stutimadhye suchavalyapramane, aaj aaplyala mahit aahe qee sampoorn, kharaa "vegwan drushtikon" rabbi chem solovichik anek varshanpasun briskcha rabbi hoiparyant vikasit jhaala navhata. rabbi chaim solovichik yanni vologenechya yeshiva yetheel tyanchya vyakhyanansathi (tyanni vegwan vyaspeeth dharan karnyachya anek varshanpurvi) vaparlelya nondi aajahi astitvat aahet aanee tethe aadhalalela drushtikon (tyanchya aanee itaranchya) nantar prakashit jhalelya kamanitka vikasit nahee. yaa notanche varnan 'proto-brisk lomdus' asey kele jaau shakate, hii sandnya 'beyas halevi' chya kamambabat dekhil vaparali jaau shakate. anek aadhunik vidwan 'proto-brisk' chya yaa kalpaneshi sahmat aahet aanee heey rabbi dow. aaron rackett-rothcoff. tathapi, varr pahilyapramane, agadi 'proto-brisk' dekhil aadhich purese vegale hote aanee vologene yeshiva yethe lakshaniy tanav nirman karnyasathi purese lokpriy hote.
vegwan drushtikonavar' eka atirikt motha prabhav mhanje slutzkcha rabbi mendell epstein. rabbi chem "briskar" solovichikne kishoravayin vayatil anek suruvatichi varshe slutzkmadhye ghalavali, jithe rabbi epsteinne tyache melam (mahavidhyalaypurv staransathi judike shikshak) mhanoon kaam kele. rabbi chaimane nantar dawa keela qee, tyala shrey dilele bahutek 'briskar derek' heey rabbi epsteinchya drushtikonavar aadharit hote; tathapi, eka chhotya shaharache madhur, rabbi epstein aanee tyachya kalpananna kadhihi prasiddhi midali nahee.
rabbi moshe smuel glassenerchya door revee (hullinavaril bhashya) madhye brisser paddhatila eka vishisht samantar aahe. rambumchya nirnayanmule anek vidwan gondhaloon gele hote, kaaran rambumchya nantarchya babylonian bhaugolik shalechya ulat, rashy aanee tosafotchya franco-german shalenusar talmud samajoon ghenyasathi tyancha vapar keela jaat hota. rabbi glassenerne aagrah dharala qee ekada tyacha swatachya atinvar arth lavala qee rambamche arth lavane heey talmudpasun purnapane anusarale jaate. rabbi glassenerchya paddhati tyaa rabbi chaimashi lakshaniyaritya julalya; rabbi glassenerchya paddhatinmule 1920 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1930 chya dashakachya suruvatila lithuania yeshivotmadhye khalbal udali, jyamule aashchary vatale qee hungarian rabbine swatantrapane rabbi haimsarkhich eka paddhat tayar kelee hotee.
vaad.
jevha too pahilyanda prakat jhaala, tevha kahee vidvananni vegwan drushtikonacha nishedh "rasayanshastra" assa keela, kaaran tyat pratyek talmudik kayadyache ghatakanmadhye vibhajan karoon tyache vishleshan karnyacha prayatna keela gela, tarr paramparavadi drushtikonatun sampoorn kayadyanvar adhik laksh kendrit kele gele.
aaj jawaljawal serve yeshivanmadhye briskar paddhatila manyata midali asali taree tiche virodhak aahet. yamadhye rabbi avraham yeshaiahu currelitz (1878-1953) (jyala "chazon ishh" mhanoon olakhale jaate) yancha samavesh aahe, jyanna asey vatale qee anekada talmudik bhagakade asalela vidyaman drushtikon puresa aahe.
yavyatirikt, briskar paddhat aadhunik yeshivanmadhye mothya pramanat vaparali jaat nahee jee darpan yeshiv (moolatah rashiyachi) pasoon udbhavate, jee tyaeivaji ekal, sampoorn talmudik sankalpananmadhye eksandh vishayanvar jore dete, bahutekda keval ekach 'rishan' varr laksh kendrit karate jarr tee talmudik margasathi sarvat 'satya' drushtikon mhanoon pahili gelee. 
teljane prabhavit yeshivot, tyachpramane, eka vyapak drushtikon swikarato.
hehee pahaa.
briskar yeshivamadhye, abhyasalele marg bahutek yeshivanmadhye lokpriy asalelya marganpasoon vichalit hotat. bahutek yeshiv paise, malmatta, vivah aanee ghatasfot yanche talmudik niyam shikatat. vegwan, kodashim margankade, tasech nashimmadhil nazir aanee sota (adhik dharmikdrushtya kendrit) margankade adhik cull aahe. rabbi joseph bii. solovichik heey sedder moedmadhye tractatescha abhyas karnyachya pravruttisathi olakhale jaate, hii pravrutti yeshiva vidyapithachya darr chaar varshanni sedder moedkadoon tractates shikanyachya nirnayamule aupcharik jhaali aahe.
aar. chaimala tyachya paddhatila virodh asalyachi jaaniv hotee, parantu tyane tyacha bachav keela. ratnanche shabd mukhbhavane ghenyacha aagrah dharananya eka rabbila uttar detana aar. chaimane uttar dileh eka sandnya vegvegalya sandarbhatil vegvegalya kayadyancha sandarbh deu shakate. udaharanarth, talmudla sheva bratchos utsavat 'panim chadashos' (mhanje 'naveen upasthiti' kinwa 'naveen chehare') aavashyak aahe.eae. joou pahuna lagnala upasthit navhata, too upasthit asava. anyatra, talmud tippani karato qee ekada balidanache maans jaalun rakh jhaale qee, rakhanna aata balidanacha darja nahee, kaaran "panim chadashos baa 'yuu laal' chaan"-"eka naveen upasthiti aalee aahe", mhanje rakh mansasarkhi nahee. "tarr jarr tumhi sheva bratchos partyla gelat aanee tumhi aajubajoola pahile aanee tethil pratyekjan yaa jodpyachya lagnat aadhich gela asel, tarr thode maans gheuun teey qaa jaalun rakh karoo naye?", rabbi chaimala aavhan dile. spashtapane, vivahsohala aanee yadnyachya mansachya sandarbhat 'panim chadashos' yaa vakyanshache arth vegvegale aahet.
aar. chemane yaa paddhatila 'atee' karnyasahi virodh keela. eka rabbila pratisad mhanoon, jyane dawa keela hota qee kiddushin kayamswarupi ekdach lagoo hott nahee, parantu pratyek kshani satat swatahla nutanikaran karato ('aaa' aahe), aar. chaimane saral aanee vyangyatmakapane 'mezel tove' asey uttar dile (asey mhananyapramane qee asha drushtikonanusar, rabbine nuktech lagn kele hote); jyamule asey drushtikon hasyaspad hote asey tyache mutt soochit hote.