deshdroh kayada 1948

maleshiyatil rajdroh kayada 1948 () haah eka kayada aahe joou deshdrohi manalya manalya charchela pratibandhit karato. sthanik samyavadi bandkhori rokhanyasathi moolatah 1948 madhye british malayachya vasahatvadi vasahatvadi haah kayada lagoo keela hota. yaa kayadyamule 'deshdrohi pravrutti' asalelya bhashanala gunhegari tharavale jaate, jyat dvesh kinwa avman nirman karane kinwa sarkarviruddha asantosh nirman karane kinwa vividh vanshanmadhil dvesh aanee shatrutvachya bhavna nirman karane samavisht aahe. deshdrohi pravrutti' chaa arth deshdrohacha kayada 1948 chya kalam 3 madhye paribhashit keela aahe aanee mulat too sthanik paristhitinusar badalansah, deshdrohachya ingraji samanya kayadyachya vyakhyesarkhach aahe. malaysian vyakhyemadhye malaysian sanvidhanachya kahee bhaganvar prashnachinh upasthit kele jaate, teey mhanje malaysian samajik kararashi sambandhit, jase qee kalam 153, jeey bumiputrasathi (malaysian aanee itar sthanik lock, jyat malaysian loksankhyechya nimmyahoon adhik lokancha samavesh aahe) vishesh hakkanshi sambandhit aahe.
rachana.
rajdroh kayada 1948, tyachya sadhyachya swarupat (4 juuna 2015), 11 kalmancha samavesh aahe aanee swatantra bhagashivay (6 sudharanansah) konatehi anusuchi nahee.
itihas.
vasahatvadi rajvatila virodh rokhanyasathi, jyaa varshi malay swayatt mahasangh astitvat aala, tyach varshi 1948 madhye britishanni haah kayada aanala. 1957 madhye swatantryaparyant kayada kayadyanchya pustakanmadhye rahila aanee sabah, saravak aanee singapurmadhye vilinikaran jhaale jyamule maleshiyachi nirmiti jhaali.
maleshiyachya aanee nantarchya maleshiyachya sanghiy sanvidhanane sansadela sanvidhanane dilelya abhivyakti swatantryavar nirbandh ghalanyachi parvanagi dilee. 13 meey roji jhalelya ghatanenantar, jevha kualalampurchya rajdhanit jhalelya vanshik dangalit kiman 200 mrutyu jhaale, tevha sarkarne abhivyakti swatantryavar maryada vadhavanyasathi sanvidhanat sudharana kelee. sanvidhan (durusti) kayada 1971 neey kalam 152,153 aanee 181 aanee sanvidhanachya sanvidhanachya bhagala vishesh sanrakshit mhanoon naav dile, jyamule sansadela samajik kararashi sambandhit yaa tartudimbabat matbhed maryadit karnara kayada manjur karanyachi parvanagi midali. (samajik karar haah moolatah maleshiyachya dweepkalpatil malay aanee bigger-malay nagarikanmadhil 'quid pro kwo' karar aahe; swatantryachya velee bigger-malay nagrikatva denyachya badalyat, malay rajeshahisarkhi malay pradhikaranachi chinhe rashtriy chinhe bunley aanee malayanna vishesh aarthik visheshadhikar denyat aale.) yaa naveen adhikarasah sansadene tyanantar tyanusar deshdrohachya kayadyat sudharana kelee. naveen nirbandh sansadechya sadasyannahi lagoo jhaale, jeey sansadiy pratikarshaktivar niyantran thevatat; tyach velee, ghatanatmak sudharananvar niyantran niyantran kalam 159 madhye, 'sanvedanshil' ghatanatmak tartudi samavisht karnyasathi sudharana karnyat aalee; sansadechya sammativyatirikt, sanvidhanachya 'sanvedanshil' bhaganmadhye konatehi badal kelyas aata malay rajyanchya rajancha samavesh asalelya sansthesathi shasakanchi parishad manjur karavi lagel.
1969 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit bigger-maleshiyasathi adhik rajkiy samanatesathi moheem moheem sansadetil virodhi pakshanni nantarchya yaa sudharananvar kathor teeka kelee. tyancha virodh asoonahi, sattadhari aaghadichya (nantarchya barisan national) yutee sarkarne aavashyak done trutiyansh sansadiy bahumat kayam thevat sudharana manjur kelya. brittenmadhye, kayadyancha nishedh karnyat aala, londonchya 'daad times' neey mhatale qee teey 'chhotya ghatanatmak rajanchya avishvasaniy adthala adthala shaktichya yaa puratan sansthela deuun' malay samajavar varchasva varchasva saranjamshahi vyavasthela aparivartaniy mhanoon jatan kartil; upapantpradhan tuna abdul razak yanni 'mahattvachya baabee yapudhe galichakhali aanalya jaau nayet' yaa sampoorn janivabaddal bhashya kele hote, heey lakshat gheta heey paul dhongi mhanoon takale gele..."
deshdrohachya kayadyachya ghatanatmakatesamor anek aavhane aalee aahet. 2016 madhye, maleshiyachya apeal nyayalayane nirnay deela qee yaa kayadyantargat aarop kelelya vyakticha hetu "aprasangik" asalyache sanganare kayadyache kalam asanvaidhanik hote.
tartudi.
rajdroh kayada asanvaidhanik asel, kaaran sanvidhanachya kalam 10 (2) shivay sanvidhan bhashan swatantryachi hummy dete, jeey sansadela "mahasanghachya kinwa tyachya konatyahi bhagachya surakshechya hitasathi aavashyak kinwa samichin vatanare nirbandh, itar deshanshi maitripurna sambandh, sarvajanik suvyavastha kinwa naitikta aanee sansadechya kinwa konatyahi vidhansabhechya visheshadhikaranche sanrakshn karnyasathi kinwa nyayalayacha avman, badnami kinwa konatyahi gunhyas uttejan denyababat tartud karnyasathi tayar kelele nirbandh" lagoo karanyachi parvanagi dete. kalam 10 (4) asehi namood karate qee, "sansad, bhag 3, anuchhed 152,153 kinwa 181 chya taratudindware sthapit kinwa sanrakshit konatyahi baabee, adhikar, sthitee, padd, visheshadhikar, sarvbhaumatva kinwa visheshadhikaravar prashna vicharnyas pratibandh karnara kayada parit karoo shakate, joou asha kayadyat nirdisht kelyapramane tyachya amalbajavanichya sambandhat nasel".
sanvidhanachya yaa bhaganvar manavadhikar vakilanni teeka kelee aahe, jeey assa aarop karatat qee "malaysian sanvidhananusar, nirbandh aavashyak aahet qee nahee heey chachani nahee tarr sansad nirbandhanna aavashyak kinwa yogya dekhil manate qee nahee yache khoopach qamee manak aahe. nirbandh pratyakshat aavashyak kinwa samichin aahet aanee nantarche manak garajepeksha khoopach qamee aahe ashee konatihi vastunishtha aavashyakta nahee."
rajdroh kayadyachya kalam 4 madhye asey namood kele aahe qee, joou konee "deshdrohi shabd uchcharane, kinwa rajdrohi sahitya chhapane, prakashit karane kinwa aayat karane yasarkhe deshdrohi pravruttiche krutya karato kinwa karnyacha prayatna karato, kinwa konatihi tayari karato kinwa konatyahi vyaktishi cutt rachato", too deshdrohacha doshi aahe. kayadeshir bahanashivay deshdrohi prakashan asane haah dekhil gunha aahe. yaa kayadyane deshdrohachi vyakhya ashee kelee aahe qee, "jevha konatyahi krutee, bhashan, shabd, prakashan kinwa itar goshtinchya sandarbhat lagoo kele jaate kinwa vaparale jaate tevha krutee, bhashan, shabd, prakashan kinwa itar goshtinna deshdrohi pravrutti asalyache patra tharavate".
kalam 3 (1) antargat, deshdrohi pravrutti mhanoon paribhashit kelelya krutyanmadhye pravrutti asaleli krutye aaheth
kalam 3 (2) kahee apavad pradan karate, bhashananchi udaharane pradan karate jee deshdrohi manali jaau shakat naheet. konatyahi shasakachi dishabhul jhaali aahe kinwa tyachya konatyahi upayayojananmadhye chook jhaali aahe heey dakhavane deshdrohi nahee, kinwa kayadyane sthapit kelelya sarkar kinwa sanvidhanatil chuka kinwa doshankade laksh vedhane deshdrohi nahee. kayadyane sthapit kelelya sarkarchya kshetratil konatyahi babimadhye kayadeshir margane badal karnyacha prayatna karane" kinwa "tyaa kadhoon taknyachya drushtine, federationchya loksankhyechya vividh vanshanmadhye kinwa varganmadhye dvesh aanee shatrutvachya bhavna nirman prasarit kinwa nirman karnyachya pravrutti asalelya konatyahi babikade laksh vedhane" heey dekhil deshdrohi nahee. tathapi, kayadyat spashtapane mhatale aahe qee upakalam (1) (eff) antargat antargat konatyahi baabee, mhanje malaysian samajik kararashi sambandhit baabee, yaa apavadanna lagoo karoo shakat naheet.
kalam 3 (3) pudhe sangate qee, "jyaa vyaktivar tyane aarop keela kinwa prayatna keela tyaa vyakticha hetu (eka deshdrohi krutya)... jarr pratyakshat yaa kayadyat, kinwa kele tarr, kele asel kinwa shabd, prakashan kinwa vastumadhye deshdrohi pravrutti asel tarr too aprasangik manla jaeel. yaa nantarchya tartudivar 'mains riya' varr niyam modalyabaddal teeka kelee gelee aahe, jeey asey eka kayadeshir tattva aahe jyat mhatale aahe qee jarr ekhadya vyaktila gunha karnyacha hetu nasel tarr too gunhyasathi doshi asoo shakat nahee.
deshdrohachya gunhyat doshi aadhalalelya vyaktila teen varshancha turungwas, 5 hazar rupaye dand kinwa donhichi shiksha houu shakate.
deshdroh kayadyantargat atak aanee khatala.
alikadchya kalat, rajkiy virodhakanna dadapun kadhanyasathi haah kayada lagoo karnyat aala aahe. 2000 saalee prasiddhapane, national justices party (party kedilan national) chya majee upadhyaksh marina yusof yanchyavar 13 meey roji jhalelya ghatanedarmyan sanyukt maleshiyachya rashtriy sanghatnene (umano) chiinii lokanchya hatyakandala uttejan dile hote assa aarop karoon deshdrohacha aarop karnyat aala. majee upapantpradhan anvar ibrahim yanchyaviruddha sarkari cutt rachalyamule tyanche rajkiy patan jhaale asalyacha aarop karoon virodhi pakshachya sampadkavar deshdrohacha aaropahi karnyat aala. virodhi democratic action partyche (dapp) upadhyaksh asalele anvarche pramukh vakeel, karpal sing yanchyavarhi 'unch thikanchya lokanni' anvarla vish dile asalyacha dawa kelyanantar deshdrohacha aarop karnyat aala hota. virodhi pakshatil dapche majee khasdar liim gwan ing yannahi 1998 madhye mahadhivaktyavar eka shaley vidyarthinivar jhalelya vaidhanik balatkaracha aarop asalelya malakkachya mukhyamantryanvar khatala yogya prakare hatalanyat ayashasvi tharalyacha aarop kelyabaddal deshdrohacha doshi tharvanyat aale hote.
2003 madhye, tatkalin upapantpradhan abdullah ahmed badavi (jeey tyaa varshachya uttaradhat maleshiyache pantpradhan mhanoon mahatir biin mohammed yanchyanantar aale) yanni dekhil haah kayada lagoo keela; abdullah yanni sangitale qee ingrajimadhye vidnyan aanee ganitachya shikshanavar adhik bharr bharr shaikshanik dhoranatil badalala tyanni virodh kelyas sarkar lokanvar deshdrohacha aarop karel. tyach varshi, online prakashan 'malayakini' heey, malay vishesh hakkanvar teeka karnare patra prakashit kelyanantar aanee sarkari pakshachya yuva shakhechi tulana kuu clucks clanshey kelyanantar, deshdroh kayadyantargat tatpurte bund karnyat aale. yapurvi 1978 madhye, shaikshanik dhoranachya aanakhi eka prakaranat deshdrohacha kayada lagoo karnyat aala hota, jevha marqa kodingane sansadet yuktivad keela hota qee sarkarne chiinii aanee tamil sthanik shaala bund karavyat.
2006 madhye, rajdroh kayada aanee antargat suraksha kayada (aay. ess. aii.) chaa mukhar virodhak asalelya dapney, umnochya virodhat polis ahwal dakhal keela, jyachi varshik sarvasadharan sabha tyachya garmagaram vaktavyansathi prasiddha hotee, pratinidhinni ashee vidhane kelee qee "umno vansh aanee dharmache rakshan karnyasathi jeev dhokyat ghalanyas aanee raktane snan karnyas tayar aahe. agnishi kheloo nakaa. jarr tyanni (bigger-malaysian) aamchya hakkanshi chhedchhad kelee tarr aamhi tyanchya hakkanshi chhedchhad karoo."pratyuttarat, mahitee mantri zainuddin maidin mhanale qee heey soochit karate qee deshdrohacha kayada malaysian samajasathi prasangik rahila aahe. sarkarne yaa kayadyacha vapar matbhed mitavanyasathi kinwa vishisht rajkiy hitsambandh pudhe nenyasathi jaanunbujun keela, heey dekhil tyanni nakarle.
november 2020 madhye, 'yang dee-pertuan agongane rashtriy vyavharanmadhye hastakshep karoo naye' yaa shirshakacha lekh facebookwar poost kelyanantar, malay vidyapithatil association auph nyu youth (umani) navachya vidyarthi gatachi deshdrohachya kayadyakhali chaukashi karnyat aalee. amnesty international maleshiya' neey eka lekh prakashit keela jyamadhye yaa tapasache varnan 'bhayavah' asey kele gele aanee dawa keela qee yamule 'vidyarthyanchya abhivyakti swatantryache ullanghan jhaale aahe."
rajdroh (durusti) kayada 2015.
2011 pasoon majee pantpradhan najib razak yanni deshdrohacha kayada radd karanyachi anek aashvasne dilee aahet. tathapi, 2015 madhye tyanni aaplya shabdapasoon maghar ghetali aanee 1948 chya kayadyat sudharana kelya jyamule teey balkat jhaale. udaharanarth, tyat online madhyamanvar bandee aanee tweetchya malikanmule malaysian vyangchitrakarala atak jhalyanantar anivarya turungwas samavisht hota. sanyukt rashtranche manavadhikaranche varishtha adhikari zaid raad all hussen yanni haah kayada manjur kelyanantar tivra teeka jhaali.
sarkarne mhatale aahe qee, durbhavanapurna vyaktinna malaysian samajat vanshik vaimansya aanee phoot padnyasathi internetcha vapar karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi yaa sudharana karnyat aalya hotya. majee gruhmantri zahid hameedi mhanale qee, "deshachi ekata hii aamchi sarvoch prathamikata aahe" aanee haah kayada abhivyakti swatantrya dadapun taknyasathi nahee, tarr lokanna "deshala asthir karnari" vidhane karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi aahe.
yaa kayadyatil kahee pramukh sudharananmadhye khaleel babincha samavesh aaheh
deshdrohi pravrutti" chee vyakhya.
maleshiyatil konatyahi shasak kinwa sarkarviruddha dvesh, avman kinwa asantosh nirman karane haah aata gunha rahilela nahee. matra, aata dharmachya aadharavar dvesh kinwa dvesh vadhavane haah gunha aahe.
kalam 4.
prakashit" yaa shabdanantar, aata kalam 4 antargat "prakashit kele" kinwa prakashit kele gele "heey shabd jodale gele aahet. kalam 4 antargat" deshdrohi prakashan "chaa prachar karnyasathi" aayat "haah shabd dekhil badalanyat aala aahe. kayada" prachar "mhanje kaay heey spashtapane paribhashit karat nahee. daad starr' neey prakashit kelelya lekhasah kahee lokanni assa dawa keela aahe qee yaa sudharana sadhyachya matbhedanchya prakaranna lakshat gheuun kelya gelya hotya, jase qee soshal mediavaril gambhir posting. yache kaaran asey qee, tyaa majkuracha mool prakashak naan hota, majkoor punha tweet kelyabaddal kinwa punha poost kelyabaddal vyaktinvar aata deshdrohacha aarop keela jaau shakato.
naveen kalam 5aii.
naveen kalam 5aii heey nyayalayala, jaminavar sodanyat aalelya kalam 4 antargat aarop asalelya vyaktila maleshiya sodanyapasun rokhanyasathicha vivek dete."
kalam 10.
sudharit kalam 10, jarr prakashanachya satat prasaramule maleshiyachya 'vividh vansh kinwa varg' kinwa 'dharmachya aadharavar' vyaktinmadhye 'sharirik ija kinwa malmatteche nuksan' kinwa 'white ichchhashakti, shatrutva kinwa dveshachya bhavna' nirman honyachi shakyata asel tarr konatyahi deshdrohi prakashanachya nirmitivar kinwa prasaravar bandee ghalanyacha aadesh denyas nyayalayala adhikar dete.
naveen kalam 10 (1aii) (bii) nyayalayala "online prakashanasarkhya electronic madhyamandvare keleli konatihi deshdrohi prakashne kadhoon taknyacha" pratibandhatmak aadesh denyachi parvanagi dete aanee pratibandhit prakashan prasarit prasarit vyaktila konatihi electronic upkarane vaparnyas manai karate.
naveen kalam 10aii nyayalayanna electronic madhyamandvare pratibandhit prakashanashi sambandhit aadesh jaaree karnyache vishesh adhikar dekhil dete. jarr prakashan deshdrohi manale gele asel, tarr satra nyayalayache nyayadhish asha prakashanaparyant pravesh rokhanyasathi sampreshan aanee bahumadhyam kayada 1998 [kayada 588] antargat adhikrut adhikrut nirdesh denyacha aadesh deteel.zahid hamidine sangitale qee yaa sudharana badalatya rajkiy paridrushyamule kelya gelya aahet, jithe lock internetdware sahajpane deshdrohi tippanya pasaravu shakatat-" gelya velee, soshal mediaver internet aanee ashabdik sanvad navhata. tyaa divasant, aamhala lokanna (sabah aanee saravakmadhye) maleshiyatun baher padnyasathi bhadkavnare lokanche gut navhate.
yaa krutivar teeka.
maafee aantarrashtriy aanee kalam 19 sarkhya sanghatananchya manavadhikar vakilanni satatyane asey dave kele aahet qee deshdrohacha kayada haah maleshiyatil abhivyakti swatantryavar hallah aahe. tikakarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee yaa kayadyatil deshdrohachi vyakhya aspasht kinwa atee vyapak aanee lavchik aahe, jyamule 'sambhavyatah' atikraman 'kinwa' kayadyacha gairavapar 'houu shakato. november 2020 madhye, aantarrashtriy maleshiyane maleshiyatil abhivyakti swatantrya dadpanare kayade radd karnyasathi aanee tyat sudharana karnyasathi malaysian sarkarla aavahan karnyasathi 'uncillanced' navachi aabhasi moheem suru kelee. rajdroh kayada haah yapaiki eka kayada aahe, itar kayadyanmadhye sampreshan aanee multimedia kayada aanee chitrapat sensorship kayada yancha samavesh aahe.

