
kingchya usheera jhalelya sudharana

usheera king rajvanshachi naveen dhorane () kinwa usheera king rajvanshachi naveen karar, jyala fakt naveen dhorane mhanoon sambodhale jaate, ashee lett king reforms () hii sanskrutik, aarthik, shaikshanik, lashkari, rajnaitik aanee rajkiy sudharananchi malika hotee jee king rajvanshachya shevatchya dashakat lagoo karnyat aalee hotee, boxer uthavatil aagney paraspar sanrakshanachya daha prantanchya sahkaryane aath rashtranchya aaghadichya mahan shaktinchya aakramananantar rajvanshala sattet thevanyasathi. 
1901 madhye kingchya usheera jhalelya sudharana suru jhalya aanee maharani dovager sixichya pathimbyane tyaa amalat aanalya gelyamule tyanna sixichi naveen dhorane dekhil mhanatat.
nave.
chinmadhye, hii sudharana samanyatah uttarekadil king rajvanshachi naveen dhorane mhanoon olakhali jaate aanee teela gengi naveen dhorane (jengi naveen dhorane), jengi nantarchi naveen dhorane (jenji naveen dhorane) asehi mhanatat. king rajvanshachya patananantar, chean prajasattakat, tyala 'laaj-aachchadan sudharana' (<unk> Âwi) asey mhatale gele. hongkongmadhye, tyala lett king reforms (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) asey mhatale jaat asey aanee japanmadhye, samrat gwangksuchya sandarbhat, tyala gwangxuchi naveen dhorane mhatale jaat asey.
rajkaran.
april 1901 madhye, king rajvanshane sudharananchya ekandar yojnevar dekhrekh thevanyasathi prashasakeey karyalayachi sthapana kelee, ronglu, yiquang aanee lii hongzang yanna vyavasthapak mhanoon niyukt kele, zhang zidong aanee liu kunee yanna samnvayak mhanoon niyukt kele. zhang zidong aanee lioo kunee yanni sanyuktapane shahee sarkarla "sudharanansathi teen putt" sadar kele, jyat sudharananchi disha nishchit karane, japankadun shikane aanee ghatanatmak rajeshahichi amalbajavani karane samavisht aahe.
paach mantri chaukashisathi paradeshat gele.
19 janewari 1904 roji, yun-guii ding zenduoche viceroy aanee yunnan prantiy gastkar lyne shaoniyan yanni rajkiy sudharanansathicha arj shahee sarkarkade sadar keela. julaichya suruvatila, liangjiangchya viceroy zau wei yanni "teen shaktinche vibhajan" yaa rajkiy vyavasthechi amalbajavani karanyachi magani kelee.
2 julai 1905 roji yuan shikai zau wei aanee huguang zhang zidongcha viceroy hyanna shahee sarkarla baaraa varshanchya kalavadhit ghatanatmak sarkar lagoo karanyachi vinanti karnyasathi sameel jhaala. vividh rajkiy swarupanchi chaukashi karnyasathi paradeshat jaanyasathi mantryanchi nemanook karnyasahi tyanni sarkarla sangitale.
24 september 1905 roji samradnyi dovegar sixine paach mantri niyukt karnyacha nirnay ghetalah zena prince zaiz, arthamantri daee honkey, lashkari mantri jhu shichang, hunan duanfangcha governor aanee vyapar vibhagache pantpradhan shaoing yanna paradeshat jaanyasathi. 25 november roji, shahee sarkarne pratyek deshachya ghatanatmak sarkarcha abhyas karnyasathi aanee ghatanatmak sudharananvar margadarshan karnyasathi eka vishesh sanstha "rajkiy mandapachi tapasani" sthapan kelee.
tyach varshi, 7 december roji, daee hongi aanee duanfang yanchya netrutvakhalil pahila gut amerikechya pahilya thambyavar ravana jhaala aanee amerikeche adhyaksh theodor roozvelt yanchi bhet jhaali. 14 janewari 1906 roji zaizchya netrutvakhalil dusra gut baher padala. 1906 chya unhalyachya shevati, shishtmandal chinala paratale aanee tyanni eka ahwal sadar keela jyamadhye assa yuktivad keela gela qee "rajyala shaktishali bananyacha ekmev marg mhanje ghatanatmakata".
1 september 1906 roji samradnyi dovager sixine rajyaghatanechya purvatyarichya anukaranachi ghoshana karat eka shahee aadesh jaaree keela.
1907 madhye, zizhengyuan sanstheche (sansad) purvatayari karyalay sthapan karnyat aale aanee ming lune aanee sunn giaczuan yanchi zizhengyuan sanstheche adhyaksh mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. nantar, zhang jiang aanee tang shaukian yanni shanghaimadhye purvatayari ghatanatmak sanghachi sthapana kelee. tyanantar, chinmadhil pramukh shaharanmadhye vividh ghatanatmak sangh sthapan karnyat aale.
august 1908 madhye, shahee sarkarne 'ghatanatmak ruparesha', 'pudhil kahee varshantil tayarichi yadee' aanee 'nagri haqq aanee jababdanya', 'sansadechi aavashyak goshti', 'nivadanuk kayadyachi aavashyak goshti' yasah teen parishishte prakashit kelee. yaa prastavit kayadyanni pudhil varshi prantiy sallagar parishad aanee kendriya sallagar parishad nivadali jaeel aanee nauu varshant sanvidhan tayar karanyachi yojana hotee. 14 november 1908 roji samrat gwangxoo maran pavala, dusya divashi samradnyi dovager sixi maran pavali. 
1909 madhye, king sarkarne sallagar parishad aanee prantiy nivadanukansathi sansadiy nivadanuka ghetalya.
1909 madhye, king rajvanshacha shevatcha samrat puu yee sinhasanavar virajman jhalyanantar, prantiy sallagar parishadanchi nivad karnyat aalee. 1910 madhye zizeng sansthene aapala pahila udghatan samarambh aayojit keela.
meey 1911 madhye, rajkumar karbhari zifeng yanni naveen mantrimandal aayojit karnyasathi shahee mantrimandalache pantpradhan mhanoon rajkumar king yiquang yanchi niyukti kelee. naveen mantrimandalachya pramukhanmadhye aath manchuri, chaar hahn chiinii aanee eka mangolians 13 sadasya hote. rajgharanyatil saat manchuri asalyamule mantrimandalala 'shahee mantrimandal' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey.
sthanik prashasakeey sudharana.
1902 madhye shanksiche rajyapal zao erkson yanni aadhunik police vyavasthechi sthapana aanee sthanik sanghatanatmak karyancha vistar yasah baojia pranalisarkhya sthanik prashasakeey sudharananmadhye sudharana karnyacha prastav mandala.
1907 madhye, sthanik adhikrut pranali lagoo karnyat aalee aanee rajyapalanchi aarthik shakti aanee lashkari shakti qamee karnyat aalee. nagri vyavhar mantralayachya malakiche rashtriy gast karya hote.
sthanik svayatta sudharana upay.
1906 madhye yuan shikaine aadhich tianginemadhye sthanik "swayatt sanshodhan sanstha" aanee tianzin county councilchi sthapana kelee hotee.
1908 madhye, shahee sarkarne shahari bhagat swayatt sanshodhan sanstha sthapan karnyas suruvat kelee aanee 1914 madhye purn honanya "prantiy sallagar parishadanchya niyamancha" masuda tayar keela.
lashkari.
adhikari prashikshan.
1901 madhye, shahee sarkarne paramparik chiinii marshalchi chachani radd kelee aanee adhikadhyansathi prashikshan pranalichi sthapana kelee. tyanantar, 1903 madhye, rashtriy lashkarachya prashikshanacha samanvay sadhanyasathi kendriya prashikshan kamandachi sthapana karnyat aalee.
adhyadesh.
1901 madhye, shahee sarkarne hanyang, shanghai aanee gwangzou yethe teen shastragaranchi sthapana kelee.
lashkar.
1905 madhye, biang sainyachi punarrachana karoon naveen sainya tayar karnyat aale. shahee sarkarne suruvatila pudhil daha varshant 500,000 niyamit sainik sthapan karanyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu 1911 chya akheriparyant (king rajvanshacha padav), keval sumare 190,000 sainikanna changle prashikshan denyat aale hote.
15 julai 1909 roji eka aadesh parit karnyat aala jyane sainyavar niyantran thevanyasathi yuddh mantralayachi sthapana kelee.
1904 chaa ahwal.
1904chya unhalyat lashkari punarrachana aayogane dilelya ahavalat lashkarachya punarrachanesathi eka pradirgh yojana prakashit kelee. shahee aadeshanche palan kele jaat aahe qee nahee heey pratyakshat tapasanyasathi kendra sarkarchya adhikanyanna prantanmadhye niyamitpane pathvanyache aavahan ahavalat karnyat aale hote, jeey purvi navhate. prantanna savalatichya swarupat naveen sainya prantandvare niyantrit kele jayache aanee tyanchyadvare ubhe kele jayache parantu shevati sinhasanas jababdar hote aanee aavashyakatenusar sinhasanadvare vaparale jayache. 8 falakancha sudharana karyakramat vishesh samavesh karnyat aala navhata. yaa ahavalat, shikshanprapt vishesh adhikari tasech karmchari aanee aaghadichya bhoomiket asalelya adhikadhyanchi garaj adhorekhit karnyat aalee asoon akadami-prashikshit karmchanyanna pradhanya denyat aale aahe. adhikadhyanchya vetanat vaadh kelee jaavi jenekarun tyancha rahniman kharch bharoon nighel aanee bhrashtacharasathi kathor shikshansah tyancha swatacha kharch bharoon kadhanyasathi adhikaanyaanee bhrashtacharat guntaleli garaj qamee hoil. adhikanyanna tapshilvar niyam denyat aale hote aanee tyanni tyanchya sainikanche netrutva karane apekshit hote, tyanchya kavayati prashikshakanche navhe, jeey anekada patra adhikadhyanchya kamataratemule purushanna soochana denyasathi niyukt kele jaat asat, tyamule adhikari yuddhat nirupayogi hote aanee purushancha tyanchya adhikadhyanvar vishvas navhata, tyamule adhikaanyaanee tyanchya sainikanna soochana dene apekshit hote. bharati jhalelya lokanchi saksharta darr 20 takke asayala havah hota, tarr padonnati aanee padchyutimule yaa sakshar purushanna lashkarache aine. see. oo. banvayche hote. 1737 pasoon lagoo naan jhaleli nivruttivetan aanee bakshisanchi eka pranali, shauryachya sevesathi bakshise aanee nivrutt mrut aanee apangansathi nivruttivetanasaha punha naveen paddhatine suru kelee jaanar hotee. aateel bhagatil aaghadipasun teey moolbhut rugnalayanparyant vaidyakeey aanee vahtook sevanchya pashchatya shailichya pranalichi shifaras dekhil karnyat aalee hotee. yaa ahavalat shastrastranchya sadhya tikau parantu aadhunik modelver shastranchya pramanikaranasathi dekhil aavahan kele gele aahe. pashchimatya pramanannusar lashkar swatach 3 shreninmadhye vibhagale gele hote, pratham sthayi sainya, nantar pratham shreni rakheev sainya, nantar niyamit asalele dviteey shreni rakheev sainya, 3 varshe seva deil, nantar teey gharee paratatil aanee pudhil 3 varshansathi pahilya rakheev sainyamadhye nondani kartil, tyanantar 4 varshe dusya rakheev sainyamadhye, sevechya pratyek staravar qamee hott asalele vetan aanee prashikshanasah. 
ahavalat sanghatanechya naveen tablesathi dekhil aavahan kele gele, moolbhut sanghatana 2 vibhaganchi eka tukadi hotee, jyamadhye pratyek vibhagat payadal 2 brigade, 1 ghodadal aanee tofkhana 1 batalian, pratyeki abhiyante aanee vahtook purush tasech eka band hote. eka vibhagachi adhikrut sankhya 748 adhikari aanee 10,436 aine. see. oo. aanee khajgi karmchari hotee, jyat 1,328 sahayyak karmchari hote, pratyek dalat 1,595 adhikari, 23,760 bharati kelele purush, 4,469 ghode aanee khachchar aanee 108 banduka asayachya. assa andaj vartavala jaat hota qee pratyek sansthechi kimmat prati dall 2,778,222 tail kinwa prati vibhag 1,300,000 asel. 36 vibhagansah, naveen sainyavar varshik 50,000,000 telcha kiman kharch hoil. 
eka corps kamandarsathi 1600 tails, division kamandarsathi 1000 tails aanee brigade kamandarsathi 500 telschya masik deykasah eka naveen vetanman dekhil suru karnyat aale. regiment kamandarsathi 400 tail, batalian kamandarsathi 180-260 tail, company kamandarsathi 58-64 tail, leftanantsathi 25 tail, sarjantsathi 5,1 tail, corperalsathi 4.8 tail, pratham shreni prayvhetsathi 4,5 tail, prayvhetsathi 4.2 tail, supernumerarisathi 3.3 tail.
naudal.
1902 madhye, biang fleet officer saa zenbing yanni shahee chiinii naudalachya punarujjivanasathi chaar paddhati prastavit kelya. pratham, naudal adhikanyanna japanmadhye abhyas karnyasathi pathvane. dusare, jiangyinmadhye naudal shaala sthapan karane. tisare, jahaj durusticha aadhar mhanoon mewei shipyard bandhane. chauthe, yantai aanee fuzou yethe naudal rakshak shaharachi sthapana karane.
itar pailu.
yaa dhorananmule sarkari kamkajachya jawaljawal pratyek pailumadhye sudharana jhalih
moolyamapan.
yaa sudharanancha parinam vegvegalya thikani vegvegala hota. anek pradesh aksharshah badallele navhate, tarr khalchya yangzi khoyatil prantanni aadhich aaghadi ghetali hotee. ziilii prant (andaje sadhyacha hebei) haah eka aadarsh hota. samradnyi dovejarchya bhakkam pathimbyane yuan shikaine curr sankalan, sthanik shaala aanee polis vyavasthapanasathi eka bhakkam nokarshahi sthapan kelee.
tathapi, yaa sudharanancha chiinii lokanvar kaay parinam jhaala yabaddal shaikshanik samudayamadhye ajunahi vaad aahe, assa dawa itihaskar emmanuel hsoo yanni keela aahe...nagri seva pariksha radd karane... aadhunik shalanchi sthapana... aanee vidyarthyanna paradeshat pathvane..., sudharana jhalya"...moolatah jaast saar kinwa siddhichya aashvasanashivay eka gongat pradarshan...". tathapi, dyna prestansarkhe itar itihaskar, adhik 'vikasit' samajachya dishene chinchya pragatitil nantarchya vikasavar yaa sudharananchya prabhavavar barech jaast bharr detat, assa yuktivad karatat...1900chya ghatana aanee tyanchya parinamanmule sudharananna chalana midali, jyaa jaree usheera [aanee] dveshyukt asalya taree durgami hotya aanee aadhunik rajyacha paya ghatala...".
22 julai 1908 roji king sarkarne japani meji sanvidhanachya namunyanusar sanvidhanachi tattve (kinding zianfa dagang) jaaree kelee, jyat 1908 madhye sthanik nivadanukanpasun suruvat houn, tyanantar done varshant prantiy vidhimandalanchya nivadanuka, tyanantar done varshanni rashtriy sabhechya nivadanuka asha tappyatappyane nivadanuk pranali suru karanyachi tartud hotee. vidhansabhanchya sthapanechi tayari karnyasathi pratyek prantat vishesh karyalaye sthapan karnyat aalee, jee thet prantiy rajyapalanchya adheen hotee aanee tyat vidwan aanee abhijat varg hota. tyanni nivadanuka ghenyasathi niyam, tyaa paar padnyasathi velapatrak aanee soochana tayar kelya. prantiy vidhansabhechya nivadanuka sarvapratham 1909 madhye jiangsu prantat jhalya aanee shinjiang vagalata serve prantanmadhye nivadanuka velevar jhalya.
naveen dhorananmule mangoliyaprati asalelya manchu dhoranat tulanene puranmatvadi-sanrakshanatmak dhoranavarun aakramak-vasahatvadi dhoranat mothya pramanat badal jhaala.
naveen dhorane hii chinchya punarrachanesathi eka thos suruvat asalyache aata manale jaate, jee 1908 madhye rajgharanyatil rajachya darbaratil puranmatvadi manchuchya avichari bhoomikemule uddhvast jhaali hotee.