
laura leone white

laura leone white (12 april 1839-18 janewari 1916) hii eka american karyakartya hotee, jee california clubchi sthapana karnyasathi, californiatil redwoodchya upananche jatan karnyasathi aanee shaharachya sunder chalvalila protsahan denyasathi prasiddha hotee. 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat tine 'overland masik' sathee anek lekh lihile aanee tee eka prakhar matadhikarvadi hotee.
pandhya rangane tine jyaa karanansathi samarthan dile tyaa karanansathi vyavharikta aanali. mahilanna adyap matdanacha adhikar midalela navhata asha yugat kaam kartana, tyanni aapali uddishte sadhya karnyasathi aanee nisargache sanrakshn aanee shaharatil rahivashanche jeevan sudharnyas protsahan denyasathi, aaplya samruddhicha aanee samajik sthiticha vapar keela. johnn muirchya vipareet, pandhya rangane naisargik aanee shahari saundaryamadhye tivra farak keela nahee aanee joparyant tyachya atirekanvar niyantran thewale jaat hote toparyant teela aarthik vikasasathi eka sthan disale. tyaa "aaplya kalatil samajik niyamanche palan karnyas tayar hotya, tarihi tyaa nikashancha vapar swatachya uddishtansathi karat hotya" aanee tyamule sarvajanik jeevanat mahilanchi jababdari aanee prabhav pudhe gela.
prarambhik jeevan aanee kutumb.
laura leoncha janm 12 april 1839 roji french chaat, indiana yethe jhaala. tiche vadil jonathan leone heey eka samruddha peeth giraniche malak hote. tichya janmanantar lagechach, kutumb aayovatil phorta days moines yethe sthalantarit jhaale. pandhara haah eka aniyantrit, sahsi, swatantra kishoravayin hota. tine tichya kutumbala mahavidhyalayat jaanyasathi saksham karnyasathi patvoon dile aanee tine 1856 madhye ohayochya oberlin mahavidhyalayachya sahitya karyakramat pravesh ghetala. pandhare padvidhar jhaale naheet, tarr 1858 madhye days moines yethe paratale aanee shahari samajat sakriy jhaale. rajyachi rajdhani mhanoon shaharachi nivad karnyasathi tyanni utsavanche niyojan karnyat madat kelee. 
1857 madhye tee lovell white yaa bankerla bhetali aanee lavkarach yaa jodpyacha vivah nishchit jhaala. tyanchya lagnanantar lagechach, 1857chya aarthik bhitimule lovella march 1858madhye diwalkhorit jaave lagale. changlya sandhinchya shodhat, heey jodape 1859chya akheris californiala gele.
tyanni siera newada payathyashi asalelya french coral, californiachya ruff-andd-tumble california goaled rush khaan chhavanit tyanchya naveen jivanachi suruvat kelee. goryanche tethe paach varshe eka samanya dukan chalavale gele. yaa bhagatil sonyache sathe paramparik tantrandware upalabdh navhate. tathapi, yethe jaal khananachi navyane vikasit keleli paddhat yashasviritya vaparali gelee. yaa khankam paddhaticha aaspaschya jangalanvar aanee panlot kshetravar gambhir pratikool parinam jhaala. tichi pahili done mule french koralmadhye janmali hotee, parantu doghanchahi aayushyachya suruvatilach scarlett tapane mrutyu jhaala.
1864 madhye, william chapman ralstonchya malkichya banket nokri karnyasathi gore lock californiatil sann francisco yethe gele. tyanantar lovell white bankemadhye pudhe aala aanee jodpyachi aarthik sthitee surakshit jhaali. ralstonchya madatibaddal krutadnyata vyakt karat goryanni tyanchya tisya aanee shevatchya mulache naav tyachyasathi thewale.
karkird.
1870 paryant, pandhare lock 'sthalbhagavaril masik' aanee itar niyatkalikanmadhye pravasvarnane aanee naitik kathanche yogdan dett hote. tichya likhanane siera newada yethe tine pahilelya hydraulic khankamasarkhya madhyamandvare naisargik sansadhananchya aakramak shoshanala aavhan dile. nisargache sanwardhan aanee tyacha aarthik vapar yanchyat santulan shodhu shakananya sarvajanik vadavivadala protsahan denyasathi tine lihile.
1870 aanee 1880 chya dashakat, shvetvarniyanchya rajkiy halchali tyanchya gharee kendrit hotya, jyat tyanchya aamantrit pahunyanmadhye charcha jhaali. tathapi, teela mahattvachi vatanari karane purush matdaranni sweekarli naheet, tyamule tee nirash jhaali aanee asha prakare tine mahilanchya matadhikarasathi vakili karnyas suruvat kelee. ticha mulga ralston bahumatachya jawal pohochala, white 1896 madhye californiatil mahilanchya matansathichya mohimet sameel jhaala. tyaa drushtine tine 41 vya vidhansabha jilha mandalache aayojan kele.
suruvatila matadhikar midvanyat ayashasvi tharalelya shvetvarniyanni, samanyatah mahilanchya hitachya muddyanvar punha laksh kendrit kele. 1897 madhye sann franciscomadhye, tine california clubchi sthapana kelee, jee eka nagri sanghatana hotee, jichya lavkarach 500 mahila sanadechya sadasya mhanoon hotya. california clubney baal kalyan, balwadichi sthapana, anivarya shaley shikshan aanee rajyachi baal nyayalayin pranali vikasit karnyache kaam kele. mahilanchya sanrakshanasathi, pandhyanni vede lokansathi sarkari rugnalayanmadhye sudharana karnyasathi aanee virodhi kayade parit karnyasathi kaam kele. clubney dhoomrapan, sarvajanik snangruhe, nivassthane aanee karyashala yanche niyaman karnyacha prayatna keela.
rajyatil itar clubshey jodale jaaun clubney aapala prabhav vadhavala. 1900 madhye white andd clara birdet yanni california federation auph womens clubchi (see. eff. doubleu. see.) sthapana kelee. aayojan adhiveshanat, pratinidhinni adhyaksh mhanoon birdet aanee pahile upadhyaksh mhanoon pandhare nivadle.
california club aanee see. eff. doubleu. see. yanni vanyajeev aanee naisargik sansadhananchya sanvardhanakade aapale laksh kendrit kele. 1901 madhye, pandhare aanee clubchya pathimbyane, pashchimekadil medoalarkla atirikt shikarapasun sanrakshn denyasathi kayada manjur karnyat aala.
jangalanche sanrakshn karanyachi tichi aavad kayam thevat, pandhare rung calverachya 'mothya zadanchya' pradeshache, pracheen vishal sekwoya zadanche aanee siera nevadamadhil lagatchya jangalanche jatan karnyasathi eka pradirgh ladhai bunley. malmatta kharedi karnyacha paryay janewari 1900 madhye lumberman robbert bii. yanni vikat ghetala hota. pandhya bajula. pratisad mhanoon, shvetvarniy aanee clubney deshvyapi moheem suru kelee, jyat congressne sarvajanik udyan mhanoon jameen adhigrahit karanyachi magani kelee. clubchya upadhyaksh shrimati. aaa. dii. sheron tumhala bhetala.ess. adhyaksh william mackinley. californiache sinetara george clement perkins aanee pratinidhi marrian dii vris yanni prayojit kelelya lakadachya bajarbhavane malmatta kharedi karnyachya sanyukt tharavavar march 1900 madhye swakshya karnyat aalya. tathapi, whitesidene parkland mhanoon tyache uchch moolyankan pasant karoon jameen deu kelelya kimmatila vikanyas nakar deela. whitechya california clubney nishedh karoon malmatta sampadan karnyachya vidheyakachi jahirat kelee hotee, parantu haus leaders david bii yanni tyala adavale hote. henderson aanee joseph gurney tof.
whiteney 1904 madhye 'mothya zadanche' sanrakshn karnyasathi tichya prayatnanche nutanikaran kele, rashtradhyaksh theodor roozvelt yanna 1,400,000 swakshya asaleli yachika sadar kelee. rugnachya lobbingchya kalavadhinantar, februwari 1909 madhye calveras tractsathi vidyaman federal vann jaminichya devanghevanila adhikrut karnara kayada manjur karnyat aala. matra, whitesidene ajunahi malmatta denyas nakar deela. pandhya rangachya mrutyuchya kahee kalanantarach pandhya bajuche vibhajan houu lagale. 1931 madhye uttar upavan heey calaveras bigg trease steet parkche pahile ekak banale. johnn dii. nantar 1954 madhye dakshin upavanala sanrakshn midale. rockfeller junier. eka mahattvachi denagi dilee. 1954 madhyehi, 1909 chya kayadyachya atinnusar malmattecha eka lahan bhag calaverache mothe vruksh rashtriy vann banale.
whiteney 1902 madhye california club aanee see. eff. doubleu. see. madheel tichya padavarun payutar jhaale aanee 1903 madhye tine sempervirance clubchya adhyaksh mhanoon teen varshancha karyakal suru keela.
november 1904 madhye, california clubney redwood canyon mhanoon olakhalya jaananya merrin countymadhil kinarpattivaril redwoodschya jaageche sanrakshn karnyasathi moheem suru kelee. asey ghadale qee, eka purvavikrine hii malmatta pandhya rangacha patee lovell aanee tyachya sann francisco savings union bankechya niyantranakhali thewali. jevha william kentane jamini jatan karnyasathi kharedi karnyababat lovell whiteshey sampark sadhala, tevha whiteney tyachi magani kimmat qamee kelee aanee eka sauda jhaala. 1907 madhye, kentane heey jungle federal sarkarla daan kele; janewari 1908 madhye, theodor roozveltne teey muir woods rashtriy smarak mhanoon ghoshit kele. pandhya rangane tyachya audaryabaddal kentcha sanman karnyasathi eka swagat samarambh aayojit keela hota.
rashtriy staravar kaam karat, white yanni 1910 teey 1912 paryant mahila clubchya samanya mahasanghachya vanikaran samitiche adhyakshapad bhushavale.
sthanik patalivar, sann franciscomadhye, white aanee california clubney shaharatil rahivashanche jivanman sudharanyasathi tyanche prayatna suru thewale. 1902 madhye, california klabmadhil karyakartyanchya tyach gatatoon aakarshit houn, pandhya rangane maidani qalaa sanghachi sthapana kelee aanee too tyacha pahila adhyaksh banala. american park aanee american sivil associationchya agradoot, american park andd outdoar aart association yaa ciity beautiful chalvaliche pramukh pravartkanshi sanlagn asaleli hii leag aahe. tathapi, 1905 madhye hii leag lavkarach california klabmadhye villin karnyat aalee.
1905 madhye, california clubney naveen khelachya maidanansathi bandhpatra jaaree karnyasathi lobbing kele; 1907 madhye, clubchya aagrahavar, shaharane nagarpalika khelachya maidan aayogachi nirmiti karnyasathi aaplya sanadet sudharana kelee. 1908 madhye whitechi aayogavar niyukti karnyat aalee aanee 1911 madhye tyaa adhyaksh mhanoon nivadalya gelya. jevha taar tekadichya payathyashi grey brothers companyne chalavalelya rock kwerine agraganya udyanala dhoka nirman keela, tevha whiteney sphot rokhanyasathi yashasviritya aadesh magitala. atirikt jameen sampadan karnyasathi tine shaharache lobbing kele, parantu 1929 paryant heey prayatna yashasvi jhaale naheet, jevha lilly hitchcock coitne aavashyak nidhi varasatva mhanoon deela.
1910 madhye white punha ekada california clubchya adhyakshapadi nivadoon aalya. tine (aanee mhanunach clubney) hechchi vadavar bhoomika ghetali nahee, jyamule kent aanee johnn muir yaa prashnachya viruddha bajus aadhalale. parantu 1915 chya panama-paisiphik aantarrashtriy pradarshanache aayojan karnyachya sann franciscochya prayatnacha haah club eka mahattvapoorn samarthak hota. whiteney mahila mandalachi sthapana kelee aanee tyache manad adhyaksh mhanoon fobe hurstla surakshit karnyat tyacha mahattvapoorn vaataa hota.
rashtriy aanee mahanagar staravaril tichya sakriyatedarmyan, pandhyanni californiatil girani khonyachya saundaryache rakshan karnyasathi dekhil kaam kele, jithe goryanche unhali nivassthan hote. 1902 madhye, tine maidani qalaa mandalache aayojan karnyasathi eka gut bolavala (sann franciscochya maidani qalaa sanghashi gondhal ghaloo naye). sansthesathi qalaa aanee hastakala-shailichya klabahausachi rachana karnyasathi whiteney bernard mebeck yanna aamantrit kele; haah prakalp 1904 madhye purn jhaala.
manyata.
1910 madhye, "nagri sevesathi aanee calverachya mothya zadanna vachavanyat madat kelyabaddal", pandhya rangacha suvarn pashchimekadil mool mulinni sanman keela; puraskarachya udghatan varshat, tichya navasah, agni aanee itar nauu mahilanche naav, sanmanchinhavar thevanyat aale.
nantarche jeevan aanee mrutyu.
pradarshanatil tichya kamadarmyan, pandhya rangala 12 september 1915 roji cerebral raktasrav jhaala. 18 janewari 1916 roji sann francisco yethe ticha mrutyu jhaala, jyat margaret whitcomb hii baheen aanee ticha mulga ralston upasthit hote. 31 janewari 1910 roji ticha patee lovell mrutyu pavnyapurvi ticha mrutyu jhaala.