ugandacha itihas

yugandachya itihasat yuganda prajasattakachya sthapanepurvi sadhyachya yugandachya pradeshat pradeshat lokancha itihas aanee ekada tyaa deshachi sthapana jhaali qee tyaa deshacha itihas samavisht aahe. purapashan kalatil purave darshavtat qee manav kiman 50,000 varshanpasun ugandamadhye vastavya karat aahet. kadachit madhyavarti sudanik bhasha bhasha lokanni ugandachi jangale haloohaloo shetisathi saaf kelee. 
1894 madhye, uganda british samrajyache sanrakshit rajya banale aanee 1962 madhye united kingdamne ugandala swatantrya dile aanee edward mutisa valugembeche surr edward mutisa dusra heey ugandache pahile adhyaksh aanee bugandache kabaka banale. idee ameenane miltonla padchyut karoon 1971 madhye ugandacha shasak mhanoon niyukt kele, 1979 madhye uganda-tanzania yuddhachya parinami tyala padchyut hoiparyant teey aath varshe yaa padavar rahile. ameenchya patananantar itar netyanchya malikenantar, yoveri museveni 1986 madhye sattet aala aanee tevhapasoon tyane ugandache netrutva kele aahe.
purv-vasahatvadi kaal.
ugandamadhil manvi kriyakalapancha purapashan kalatil purava kiman 50,000 varshe aanee kadachit 100,000 varshanparyant mage jaato, jeey victoria talavachya purvichya parisaratoon sapadalelya, pramukhyane nasonezichya aaspas kagera nadichya nadichya ughad jhalelya, khadakachya sadhananni darshavile aahe.
haloohaloo jungle saaf karnare shetkari bahudha bantoo bhashik lock hote, jyancha santh parantu asahya vistar haloohaloo up-sahara aafrikecha bahutansh bhag vyapala. tyanni tyanni aanee kombadya dekhil vadhavalya aanee tyanni kadachit ii. sha. puu. 400 paryant kahee guredhore palali. shetiche tyanche dnyan aanee loh-banavat tantradnyanachya vaparamule tyanna jameen saaf karata aalee aanee mothya sankhyene sthalantaritanna annadhanya miloo shakale. tyanni sthanik shikari-gola shikari-gola chhotya gatanna visthapit kele, jeey qamee praveshyogya parvatanmadhye sthalantarit jhaale.
darmyan, ii. sha. puu. pahilya shatkaparyant aanee bahudha ii. sha. puu. chauthya shatkachya suruvatilach paschim tanzaniamadhye, kahee sambandhit bantu-bhashik dhatuvidnyani aadhipasoon garam kelelya saktichya bhattimadhye madhyam darjache carbon steel tayar karnyasathi loh vitalane purn karat hote. yapaiki bahutansh ghadamodi aadhunik ugandachya simechya nairutyela hott asalya taree, thodya velanech deshachya anek bhaganmadhye lokhandi utkhanan aanee vitalani karnyat aalee.
sanrakshit (1894-1961).
1890 chya dashakat, british bharatatoon 32,000 majuranchi, yuganda railway bandhanyasathi kararbaddha kamgar kararantargat purv aafriket bharati karnyat aalee. bahutansh jiwant bharatiy gharee paratale, parantu 6,724 lokanni haah marg purn jhalyanantar purv aafriket rahanyacha nirnay ghetala. tyanantar, kahijan vyapari banale aanee tyanni kapasache utpadan aanee sartoriyal kirkol vikrivar niyantran midavale.
1900 teey 1920 yaa kalat, ugandachya dakshin bhagat, victoriya talavachya uttar uttar, zopechya aajarachya sathine 250,000 hoon adhik lokancha mrutyu jhaala.
prarambhik swatantra uganda (1962-71).
1 march 1961 roji antargat swashasanakade swashasanakade nivadanuka jhalya, taree brittonne 1962 madhye ugandala swatantrya dile. democratic pakshache benedicto kiwanuka pahile mukhyamantri jhaale. milton obote april 1962 madhye pantpradhan mhanoon nivadoon aale aanee aktoobar 1962 madhye rashtrakul sadasyatva kayam thevat uganda prajasattak jhaale.
tyanantarchya varshanmadhye, kendrikrut rajyachya samarthakanni eka shithil sangharajya aanee aadivasi-aadharit sthanik rajyansathi eka majboot bhoomika yanchya bajoone ladhale. februwari 1966 madhye rajkiy davpechancha parakashtha jhaala, jevha miltonne satta sweekarli, pantpradhananni sanvidhan nilambit kele aanee adhyaksh aanee uparashtrapati yanchi padey kadhoon serve sarkari adhikar sweekarle. september 1967 madhye, naveen rajyaghatanene ugandala prajasattak ghoshit kele, rashtrapatinna aanakhi mothe adhikar dile aanee paramparik rajye radd kelee.
idee ameen (1971-79) antargat uganda.
25 janewari 1971 roji lashkari uthavanantar obote yanna sattevarun hatavanyat aale aanee hukumshaha idee ameenane deshavar taba midavala. ameenane pudhil aath varshe sainyasah ugandavar rajya kele aanee aapale rajya tikavoon thevanyasathi deshat samoohik hatya kelya. 
1972 madhye, idee ameen antargat tathakathit 'aafrikanikaran' dhoranantargat, british parpatra asalelya sumare 40,000 vanshik bharatiyanna uganda sodanyas bhag padale gele. canadamadhye sthayik honyasathi andaje 7,000 lokanna aamantrit karnyat aale hote; tathapi, keval maryadit sankhyene haah prastav swikarla aanee 2006 chya jangananenusar canadamadhye uganda vanshachya 3,300 lokanchi nond jhaali. alpasankhyak bharatiy udhyojkanchya hanimule deshachi arthvyavastha uddhvast jhaali. 
ameenchya aath varshanchya rajvatimule aarthik ghasaran, samajik vighatan aanee mothya pramanat manavadhikaranche ullanghan jhaale. uttar ugandamadhil acholi aanee langee vanshik gut heey ameenchya rajkiy chhalachi vishesh vastoo hote kaaran tyanni obotela pathimba deela hota aanee sainyacha motha bhag banavala hota. 1978 madhye, aantarrashtriy nyayshastradnya aayogane andaj vartavala qee ameenchya dahashatichya kalat 100,000 hoon adhik ugandatil lokanchi hatya karnyat aalee hotee. kahee kahee hii sankhya 300,000 itaki unchavali-2006 chya 'daad last king auph scotland' yaa chitrapatachya shevati uddhrut keleli aakadevari, jyat ameenchya hukumshahicha kahee bhag nondavala gela aahe. deshatoon paloon gelyanantar tyachya majee mantryanpaiki eka asalelya heinry kemba yanni lihilelya 'aaa steet auph blood' yaa 1977 chya pustakat ameenchya atyacharanche chitramay varnan kele aahe.
uganda-tanzania yuddhanantar ameenchi satta sampushtat aalee, jyamadhye ugandachya nirvasitanchya madatine tanzanian sainyane ugandavar aakraman kele. mutukulajaval ugandachya simejaval tall asalelya ugandachya nirvasitancha samavesh asalelya simevaril vadatoon sangharshachi suruvat jhaali. yacha parinam mhanoon ugandachya sainyane tanzaniavar hallah keela. aktoobar 1978 madhye, tanzanian sashastr dalanni hii ghuskhori mage ghetali aanee ugandachya nirvasitanchya pathimbyane ugandavar aakraman kele. ameenchya sainikanna libian sainikanni madat kelee. 11 april 1979 roji rajdhani kampala tabyat ghenyat aalee aanee ameen tyachya urvarit sainyasah libiyala paloon gela.
1979 pasoon yuganda.
ameenchya hakalpattinantar, yuganda rashtriy mukti aaghadine yusuf lulela adhyaksh aanee geremia lucas opira yanna ulfhe sarchitanis mhanoon gheuun antarim sarkar sthapan kele. yaa sarkarne prashasanachi mantri pranali sweekarli aanee rashtriy sallagar aayog (aine. see. see.) mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka ardh-sansadiy sanstha tayar kelee. aine. see. see. aanee luul mantrimandalamadhye vyapakpane bhinn rajkiy matey pratibimbit jhaali. juuna 1979 madhye, rashtrapatinchya adhikaranchya vyaptivaril vadanantar, aine. see. see. neey loolchi jaaga godfrey binaisa ghetali.
antarim adhyakshapadachya adhikaranvaril satatchya vadat, meey 1980 madhye binaisa kadhoon taknyat aala. tyanantar, paulo muwanga yanchya adhyakshatekhalil lashkari aayogadvare ugandavar rajya kele gele. december 1980 chya nivadanukanni milton obote yanchya netrutvakhali yuu. pii. see. laa punha sattet aanale, jyat muwanga upadhyaksh mhanoon karyarat hote. yaa kalat, suraksha dalankade jagatil sarvat white manavadhikar nondinpaiki eka hotee. yoveri musevenichya netrutvakhalil bandkhoricha naynat karnyachya tyanchya prayatnanmadhye tyanni deshachya mothya bhagacha, visheshtah kampalachya uttarekadil luvero bhagacha naash keela.
tathakathit 'busch warr' haah bandkhori, yoveri musevenichya netrutvakhali rashtriy pratikar sainyane (aine. aar. aii.) aanee andreau kaiyirachya netrutvakhalil federal lokshahi chalvalisah itar bandkhor gatanni aanee johnn nkavangachya netrutvakhalil prajasattakatil gatane aayojit keela hota. sangharshadarmyan sainyane bigger-ladhvayyanchi samoohik hatya kelee.
27 julai 1985 roji obotecha padav karnyat aala, jevha lashkarachya eka tukadichi rachana, jyat mukhytah vanshik acholi sainik hote aanee leftnunt general yanchya netrutvakhali hotee. jaann. bazilio olara-okellone kampala tabyat ghetala aanee lashkari sarkar ghoshit kele. obote zambiyamadhye haddapar honyasathi paloon gela. majee sanrakshn dalache commander general yanchya netrutvakhalil naveen shasson. tieto okello (ell. tii. shhee konatahi sambandh nahee. jaann. olara-okello) yanni musevenichya bandkhor sainyashi vataghati suru kelya aanee manavadhikarancha aadar sudharanyache, aadivasi shatrutva sampavanyache aanee mukt aanee nishpaksh nivadanuka ghenyache vachan dile. darmyan, okello sarkarne nraha pathimba nasht karnyachya prayatnat kroor bandkhori kelee mhanoon mothya pramanat manavadhikaranche ullanghan suru rahile.
kelee akheris nairobimadhye okello sarkar aanee aine. aar. aii. yanchyat vataghati jhalya, jyamadhye keniyache adhyaksh daniele arap moee yanni yuddhaviram aanee ugandamadhye yutee sarkar sthapan karanyachi magani kelee. kelee uttaradhat jaree yuddhabandila sahmati jhaali asali taree nrane ladhai suru thewali aanee janewari janewari uttaradhat kampala aanee desh tabyat ghetala, jyamule okellochya sainyala uttarela sudanmadhye paloon jaanyas bhag padale. musevenichya sainyane museveni adhyaksh mhanoon sarkar sthapan kele.
satta swikarlyanantar, museveni aanee tyachya anuyayanni nirman kelelya rajkiy gatachya varchasvakhalil sarkarne, rashtriy pratikar chalvaline (aine. aar. emm. kinwa 'chalval'), purvichya sarkaranchya manavadhikaranchya ullanghanancha mothya pramanat ant keela, lakshaniy rajkiy udarikaran aanee samanya vruttpatra swatantrya suru kele aanee aantarrashtriy vittiy nidhi, jaagtik banq aanee daata sarkaranshi sallamasalat kelyanantar vyapak aarthik sudharana suru kelya.
tathapi, 1986 teey 1994 yaa kalat, vividh bandkhor gatanni rashtradhyaksh museveni yanchya uganda sarkarchya virodhat gruhyuddha pukarle. jaree paschim aanee madhya pradeshavarhi parinam jhaala asala taree bahutansh ladhai deshachya uttar aanee purv bhagat jhaali. sarvat mahattvache bandkhor gut mhanje uganda lokanche lokshahi sainya (apada), uganda lokanche sainya (upa), ellis aumachi pavitra aatmyachi chalval (etch. ess. emm.) aanee joseph koniche sainya (jeey nantar lordsche pratikar sainya banale). adhik tapashilansathi ugandamadhil yuddh (1986-1994) pahaa.
1996 madhye, uganda haah bandkhor neta laurent-dezire kabila yachya bajoone pahilya kango yuddhat zairian adhyaksh mobutu sese seko yanna ulthoon taknyacha pramukh samarthak hota.
21 weey shatak.
1998 teey 2003 darmyan, kangochya lokshahi prajasattakatil prajasattakatil kango yuddhat ugandache sainya sahbhagi hote. kangochya muktisathichi chalval aanee kangochya lokshahisathichya rallychya kahee gatansarkhya bandkhor gatanna uganda pathimba dett aahe.
august 2005 madhye, sansadene rashtrapatipadachya mudatichya maryada uthavanyasathi sanvidhanat badal karnyasathi matdan kele, jyamule museveni yanna tase karayache asalyas teey teey karyakalasathi nivadanuk ladhavu shakatat. julai 2005 madhye jhalelya sarvamatat 92.5 takke matdaranni bahupakshiy rajkaran punarsanchayit karnyachya bajoone matdan kele, jyamule paksh-virodhi kinwa 'chalval' pranali radd jhaali. musevenicha rajkiy pratispardhi kizza besigi aktoobar 2005 madhye haddapar houn paratala aanee 2006 chya nivadanukit too rashtrapatipadacha umedvar hota. tyach mahinyat, obote dakshin aafriket maran pavala. februwari 2006 madhye museveni yanni adhyakshiy nivadanuk jinkley.
2009 madhye, samalingivirodhi vidheyak prastavit karnyat aale aanee vicharadhin hote. 13 aktoobar 2009 roji sansad sadasya david bahati yanni haah prastav mandala hota aanee jarr too lagoo keela asata tarr yugandamadhye samalaingikateche gunhegarikaran vistrut jhaale asate; jyanna purvi doshi tharavale gele aahe, etch. aay. vhee. positive aahet kinwa 18 varshankhalil lokanshi laingik krutye karatat asha lokanna fashichi shiksha lagoo kelee gelee hotee; yugandabaheril samalingi laingik sambandhanmadhye guntalelyanna pratyarpan suru kele gele; aanee, ell. jee. bii. tii. hakkanna pathimba pathimba vyakti, kampanya, madhyam sanstha kinwa bigger-sarkari sanghatananna dand thothavala gela asata.
11 julai 2010 roji all-shababchya bombsfotanmadhye 74 lock thaar jhaale. 13 september 2014 roji, ugandachya suraksha aanee guptachar sevanni amerikechya madatine, kampala yetheel eka motha dahashatvadi hallah olakhala aanee too hanoon padala. tyanni aatmaghati zage, sudharit sphotak upkarane aanee lahan shastre japt kelee aanee all-shababashi sambandh asalyacha sanshay asalelya 19 lokanna atak kelee. haah hallah nairobimadhye mageel varshi westgate malver jhalelya hallyasarkhach motha asoo shakala asata. tyaeivaji, teey all-shababsathi eka apayash hote.
2016 chya uganda sarvatrik nivadanuka 18 februwari 2016 roji uganda yethe adhyaksh aanee sansad nivadanyasathi ghenyat aalya hotya. matdanachya divashi rashtriy sutty jaheer karnyat aalee hotee. nivadanukipurvi, musevenine, uganda, tanzania, keeniya, ravanda, burundi aanee dakshin sudan yanna ekatra ekatra purv africi mahasanghachya sthapaneche varnan kele, "jyache aapan lakshya thewale pahije teey pahile lakshya aahe."september 2018 madhye pradeshik sanvidhanacha masuda tayar karanyachi prakriya suru karnyasathi eka samitee sthapan karnyat aalee aanee 2021 paryant mahasanghachya sanvidhanacha masuda lihila jaanar asoon 2023 paryant mahasanghachi amalbajavani honar aahe.
2021 chya ugandachya sarvatrik nivadanukit rashtradhyaksh museveni sahavya karyakalasathi punha nivadoon aale, parantu aantarrashtriy nirikshakanni sarkari hinsachar aanee chukichi mahitee, swatantra madhyame aanee virodhi prachar dagavane, virodhi netyanchi atak, internet bund karane aanee nirikshakancha chhal kelyabaddal takrar kelee. adhikrut nikalannusar, musevenine 58 takke matey midvat nivadanuk jinkley, tarr popstar teey rajkarani banalelya bobby winela 35 takke matey midali. mothya pramanavar fasavanuk aanee aniyamitatechya aaropanmule virodhakanni nikalala aavhan dile.

