woolty aii-31 sudbuddhi

vulty aii-31 vengeons heey chya mahayuddhatil eka american dive bomber aahe, jeey vulty vimanane tayar kele aahe. sudharit aavruttila aii-35 asey naav denyat aale hote. sudbuddhicha vapar americene karyanvitpane keela navhata, parantu british royal air force, royal austreliyan air force aanee bharatiy havai dalane aagney ashiya aanee nairutya prashant mahasagarat aaghadiche viman mhanoon chalavale hote. aii-31 yu. sobat sevet rahile.ess. 1945 paryantche ekak, pramukhyane lakshya-khechanyachya bhoomiket.
rachana aanee vikas.
1940 madhye, woolty vimanane french 'armi dii laal' air 'chya garja purn karnyasathi woolty model 72 (vhee-72) yaa ekach enginechya dive-bomberchi rachana suru kelee. vhee-72 heey khajgi nidhine bandhanyat aale hote aanee paradeshi bajarpethet vikri karnyachya uddeshane hote. vhee-72 heey eka bund cockpit aanee done done karmchari asalele ekeri engineche ekeri viman hote. vayoo-sheetalit trijaliy ujave jule chakrivadal engine, jeey vhee-72 varr chalate asey manankan dile gele hote. teey mageel cockpitmadhye nishchit forward-firing aanee lavchik-aarohit machine ganane susajj hote. vimanat bombchya aateel khadimadhye aanee bahereel pankhanchya rackver bomb hote.
vimanala lakshyavarun khechoon khechoon pankhanpasun uchal naan karata anulambapane dubki marnyasathi sudbuddhichi adviteey rachana karnyat aalee hotee. yaa uddeshasathi, dubkichya darmyan vimanache naak lakshyashi adhik changlya prakare sanrekhit karnyasathi tyachya pankhanvar 0° chaa aaptan coone hota. yamule viman naak varr karnyachya manovruttine pravas karat hote, jyamule pilotla, visheshtah landingchya velee, pudhe disanyache drushya kharab hote. tyat eka asamanya, 'doubleu' aakarache pankh aarakhade hote. heey tyachya gurutvakarshanachya kendrachi ganana karnyat aalelya trutimule jhaale. pankhanchya mulanchi punha rachana karnyapeksha madhyabhagala 'zodapun' deuun pankha mage halavane haah eka sopa upay hota. jevha eka konatoon pahile jaate tevha heey ulate gull vingchi chhap dete, jevha pratyakshat vingchya bahya wing panelvar adhik paramparik dihedral asate.
aktoobar 1940 madhye vitaran suru karnyachya uddeshane francene 300 vhee-72 chee magani kelee. juuna 1940 madhye francechya patnane yaa yojana thambavalya, parantu tyach velee german junkerschya kamgirine prabhavit houn british kharedi aayogane julai 87 madhye, "stuca" shahee havai dalasathi dive bomberchi kharedi karat hota aanee teey ekmev upalabdh viman asalyane, 3 julai 1940 roji 200 vhee-72 chee (vultine badala ghene asey naav) magani kelee, aanee decembermadhye aanakhi 100 chee magani kelee gelee. dauni yetheel vultycha karkhana aadhich beaty-13 shoor prashikshak tayar karnyat vyast asalyane, viman nashville yetheel stinson karkhanyat aanee californiatil hothorn yetheel northropchya parvanyakhali bandhale jaanar hote.
pahila namuna vhee-72 30 march 1941 roji californiachya dauni yetheel valtichya karkhanyatun udala. juuna 1941 madhye karj-bhadepatti yojneantargat britainsathi atirikt vimananchi magani karnyat aalee, jyanna american lashkarachya havai dalala 'aii-31' heey padd denyat aale.
yuu nantar.ess. motee bandaravaril hallyanantar yuddhat pravesh keela, anek vhee-72 aanee aii-31 vimane amerikechya vaparasathi punha tabyat ghenyat aalee. yuu. ess. aii. eff. laa dive bombsfotat rus vatoo lagalyane, tyane swatachya vaparasathi aanee karj-bhadepattikhali aaplya mitrapakshanna puravatha karnyasathi, aii-35 mhanoon niyukt kelelya sudbuddhichya sudharit aavruttichya utpadanache aadesh denyacha nirnay ghetala. tyat adhik shaktishali ujave jule chakrivadal aar-2600-19 engine aanee sudharit shastrastre basavanyat aalee hotee. amerikechya lashkarachya chachani vaimanikanna shoonya-ghatana vingmule nirman jhalele kharab pilot drushya aavadat naslyamule, aii-35 madhye teey "durust" karnyat aale, jyamule vimanala kroozmadhye changli vrutti midali parantu dive bomber mhanoon tyachi achookata qamee jhaali.
1944 madhye jevha sudbuddhiche utpadan purn jhaale, tevha ekoon 1,931 vimane tayar karnyat aalee hotee. bahutansh utpadan nashville, tenacy yetheel vulty plantmadhye kele gele.
woolty prakalpatil utpadanat konatya prakarchya vimanane tyachi jaaga ghyavi yabaddalachya anishchitatemule kushal kamgaranchi pasarnyapasun rokhanyasathi suud suud vimanansathi anek 'meek-vark' karar jhaale. parinami, jeey kalbahya jhalele viman manale jaat hote, tyache atiutpadan jhaale.
moolyamapan.
blackburn squa, junkers juu 87 stuca, aayachi aayachi "valle", douglus duntless, breda ba.65 aanee curtis curtis heldiver yasarkhya tyaa kalatil itar dive bomber vimanancha parichalan anubhav, asey soochit karato qee suud ghenara haah ladhau shatrusathi asurakshit asel. prabhavi honyasathi, tyaa serve vimananna sthanik havai shreshthatva aanee ladhau sanrakshn vatavaran aavashyak hote. ladhau sanrakshn aanee jyaa chitrapatgruhanmadhye tyane kaam kele tyaa chitrapatgruhanmadhye ladhau virodhakancha abhav, tyachya ubhya dubki kshamtesah, yacha arth assa hota qee sudbuddhimule keval kirkol ladhaiche nuksan jhaale.
vimanachya suruvatichya anubhavatoon asey disun aale qee engine thund karnyat samasya hotya. sevet asatana, raaf tyaa samasya sodavanyat yashasvi jhaala, parantu jyaa mofat french vimananmadhye yaa samasya sodavalya gelya navhatya, tyanna jaminivar utaravanyat aale, tyanna aarthikdrushtya ayogya aanee chalvanyasathi avishvasaniy ghoshit karnyat aale.
heey viman uddanat aanee divemadhye sthir asalyache, judd lift aanee patwar niyantranasah, parantu halakya ileron niyantranasah asalyache varnan karnyat aale hote. mothya trijya enginemule pudhe drushyamanata qamee manali jaat hotee. ayogya dubki prakriyemule sudbuddhine anek pranghatak apghat jhaale, tasech jevha viman mageel cockpit chhatra ughade thevun udavale gele, parantu mageel gunnershivay gurutvakarshanachya samasyeche kendra hote.
ladhait, haah prakar khadbadit, vishvasarh, sthir aanee samanyatah changlya vagnyacha manla jaat asey. rashtrakul sainyane meey 1942 teey julai 1944 paryant yaa prakarche kaam kele. sanlagn havai niyojakanna berma heey qamee pradhanya hote aanee tyaa rangbhumitil sainyala jeey shillak hote teey midale. wickers wellington aanee hocker chakrivadal yasarkhya vimananni tyanche shevatche divas barmamadhye ghalavale. sudbuddhine barmamadhil japani puravatha, dalanvalan aanee sainyachya sandratevar lakshaniy karvai kelee. tyaa natyagruhatil tyachya seveche varnan asey kele gele aahe "...khoop prabhavi."
jungles dive bombers ett warr' yaa pustakache lekhak pieter smith yanni lihile qee, 'tyanchya vaimanikanna tyanna purn bharasah jaminivarun utaravanyat adchan aalee. neuton maidanavar teey havai honyapurvi dhavpattichi purn lambi vaparat hote. kittihock viman samaan bomb bhaar vahoon neuu shakat hote aanee yavyatirikt ground-straffing dekhil karoo shakat hote.
yaulat, anek karmchari yaa sudabaddal changle bolale. "mallah nishchitach wooltycha too anubhav navhata. mallah aathavate qee vaimanikanna purn bomb bhaar gheuun uddan karnyat adchan aalyachya konatyahi ghatana naheet aanee kittihock tyanchya antarvahkala balkat kelyanantarhi samaan bomb bhaar vahoon neuu shakala nahee. mallah teey vulty udanyasathi eka sunder viman mhanoon aathavate, eka viman jeey thambavane katheen hote aanee purnapane aerobatic hote. tumhi tyamadhye kahihi karoo shakata, roll, loop, stall valane aanee cockpitmadhye chendu pakadanyasathi pureshi jaaga hotee. mallah teey udvayala aavadayache, jaree anek lokanna vatale qee teey khoop avjad aahet."
karyapaddhaticha itihas.
britton aanee bharat.
brittenla mothya sankhyene sudbuddhi midali toparyant vishesh dive bombfecki vimananchya upayuktatebaddalache tyache mutt badalale hote. brittonchi ladhai aanee uttar aafrikevaril mohimanmadhye dive bombfekicha ladhau hallyasathi dhoka asalyache disun aale hote, tyamule paschim europe kinwa bhoomadhyasagaramadhye vaparasathi suud nakarnyat aala. jangalanmadhye british aanee bharatiy sainikanchya nikatchya pathimbyane burma theatermadhil sudbuddhicha vapar karoon dubki maranyachi bombsfot moheem rabavanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala.
pahilya raaf squadran (kra. 82 aanee nahee. 110) yanna aktoobar 1942 madhye sudbuddhi midali. japani sainyaviruddhachi pahili dubki marnari bombfake moheem 19 march 1943 roji udavanyat aalee. barmamadhil aanakhi done raaf squadranna sudbuddhi midali, (nahee. 84 aanee kra. 45), bharatiy havai dalachya done tukdyansah (aay. aii. eff.) (kra. 7 aanee kra. 8).jordar pavsali dhaganchya babatit, jyane dubki martana drushyat adthala aanala, jarr vaimanikanni uthal bombfekichi aparamparik paddhat vaparali, tarr fakt bomb sodale. yaa tantracha vapar karoon purese fatake marle gele, qee paristhiti sarkhich asatana heey tantra vaparnyasathi tyanna senapatinni patvoon dile.
dile chya chya arakan mohimechya samarthanarth aanee infalchya ladhait aanee april-julai 1944 chya kohimachya ladhait japani hallyanpasoon bachav karnyasathi suud ghenyasathi mothya pramanat tainat karnyat aale hote. japani hallyachya yashasvi parabhavanantar, ruff aanee iafne adhik bahumukhi ladhau bombers aanee julya enginechya halakya bomberschya bajoone suud ghenyasathi tappyatappyane suruvat kelee; barmavareel shevatchi suud karvai 16 julai 1944 roji karnyat aalee.
berma sevenantar, 110 squadran rafchi eka tukadi madhya purvedvare paschim aafriketil takoradi yethe pathvanyat aalee, vatet anek vimane kosalali. september teey december 1944 darmyan, 11 woltinni under wing sprey dispensorcha vapar karoon maleriyachya dasanviruddha havah-favarani chachanyanmadhye bhag ghetala.
jaree raffs aaghadichya sevetoon tappyatappyane baher padale asale taree, brittenla mothya sankhyene suud ghene suru rahile, karj bhadepatti vimananchi (brittonne thet kharedi kelelya vimananchya ulat) mothya pramanat vitaran nuktech suru jhaale hote. yapaiki barich atirikt vimane, jyat bahutek sudbuddhi emm. keey. aay. vhee. samavisht aahet, brittenla denyat aalee aanee lakshyit rassikhech mhanoon sudharit karnyat aalee, jyacha vapar raaf aanee shahee naudalachi fleet air arm (eff. aii. aii.) yaa doghandware tyaa bhoomiket keela jaat hota. tyaa bhoomikanmadhye, vimanatoon serve shastrastre kadhoon taknyat aalee.
austreliya.
prashant mahasagarat yuddh suru jhalyanantar aapatkalin upay mhanoon austreliyane 400 suud ghenyasathi aadesh deela, jyachi purtata karj bhadepatti aanee mool british aadeshanche badal yanche mishran jhaale. meey 1942 madhye royal austreliyan air forcela (raaf) pahila suud denyat aala, parantu april 1943 paryant viman mothya sankhyene aale nahee. rafchi pahili sudbuddhi squadran, kra. 12 squadranne dutch east indigemadhil selaru betavar aapali pahili operational moheem udavali. sudbuddhine susajj asalelya tukadyanmadhye kramank samavisht hote. 12, 21, 23, 24 aanee 25 squadran. yapaiki 25 tukadya vagalata serve tukadyanni naveen giinii mohimemadhye alpakal seva kelee. austreliyan sudbuddhine 8 march 1944 roji tyanche shevatche operational uddan kele, kaaran teey ladhau bomberspeksha qamee karyaksham manale jaat hote, tyanchi antar qamee hotee aanee lamb dhavpatti aavashyak hotee aanee adhik prabhavi ladhau bombersna pudhe jaanyas parvanagi denyasathi tyanna mage ghenyat aale. sudbuddhichya tukadyanna ektrit bii-24 muktidatachya judd bombfecki vimananni punha susajj karnyat aale.
pieter smithne 'junglebaher bombfecki' yaa 'yuddhat jangalavar bombfecki' yaa paddhatitil sudbuddhichya maryadanvishayichya drushtikonababat, mhanje 'dubki marnyachya paddhatichi achookata aanee kaushalya' yavar aakshep ghetala aahe...aanee katheen deshatil lahan aanee changlya prakare lapaleli uddishte nasht karnyacha vichar keela asata havai hallyachya itar bahutek sadhananvar tyache spasht shreshthatva ashiyai jungle mohimanmadhye varanvar siddha jhaale. tarihi, asha prakarchya aarthik prayatnansathi aanee tulanene qamee nukasanasathi, jyaa purushanni heey utkrusht parinam sadhya kele, teey mojkech vaimanik hote, jeey 1945 paryant europe aanee ashiya yaa donhi deshanvar hallah hallah avjad aanee madhyam bombfekichya tafyachya prachand samoohat visarale gele aahet.
yaa kshamateche udaharan raaf nosane chhapyat dile. hansai khadivar 21 aanee 23 squadran. smithne lihile, "...jangalane aachchhadit tekadya aanee vismrutit gelelya kinwa adnyat jaminichi bete hii dubki dubki bomberschya kaushalyachya antim abhivyaktisathi pramukh munch banatil."march 1944 madhye, rafelkade ajunahi 58 suud ghenyache aadesh hote, parantu haah aadesh radd karnyat aala aanee viman kadhich vitarit kele gele nahee. 1946 paryant, kahee pramanat sudbuddhiche halle samarthan aanee chachani pathkansah sevet rahile.
brazil.
1943 pasoon brazilala tehatis vhee-72 aanee aii-35 chaa puravatha karnyat aala, jyat kahee panbudivirodhi gast ghalanyat aalee. april 1948 paryant teey mage ghenyat aale.
mukt french.
mukt french havai dalala 1943 madhye 67 67 aanee-bs midale, jyacha vapar uttar aafriketil teen bomb gatanna susajj karnyasathi keela jaat hota. tathapi, viman lavkarat lavkar karyanvit karnyasathi utsuk asalelya frenchanni britton aanee austreliyala aavashyak asalelya sudharanancha samavesh keela nahee, tyamule tyanchi vimane avishvasaniy asalyache siddha jhaale aanee tyancha telacha vapar atyant jaast hota. tyamule, teey prashikshan karyapurate maryadit hote, aanee akheris september 1944 madhye teey mage ghenyat aale.
united states.
tarr yuu.ess. tyanna raaf ordermadhun valavanyat aalelya 243 vhee-72 aanee aii31 aanee tyasathi visheshtah bandhanyat aalelya mothya sankhyene aii-35 midale, hyancha ladha navhata, halakya bombfekichya tukadyansathi prarambhik upkarane mhanoon vapar keela jaat hota, jeey paradeshat tainat karnyapurvi julya enginechya vimananni punha susajj hote aanee prashikshak kinwa lakshya rassikhech mhanoon.
itar strotannusar aii-31 neey 1944 chya vasant rutumadhye chinmadhye sthit 10 vya havai dalasobat vyapak aaghadichi ladhai pahili. ekach mohimesathi 60 aii-31s tainat kele jaau shakatat. aii-31 neey pahilyanda 14 march 1944 roji chinmadhye ladhai pahili, jevha 41 aii-31 neey british vimanansah arakan aanee chinmadhil chiin hillsmadhil lakshyanvar hallah keela. 25 meey 1944 roji, jevha 20 aii-31 chya goal kelelya bombsfotanni tonzang yetheel maniper aar pulavar hallah keela, tevha tyacha shevatcha vapar karnyat aala hota.
april 1944 pasoon, 8 vya havai dalala anek sudbuddhi emm. keey. IV malika upalabdh karoon denyat aalya aanee lakshya-toving uddane aanee ladhau karmchari pratisthapan kendra sthankansathi niyukt karnyat aalya. serve shastrastre kadhoon taknyat aalee aanee bajoo odhanyasathi mageel fyoojlejmadhye eka halki kebal vinch basavanyat aalee. yapaiki kahee vimane british rashtriy khuna aanee anukramankasah udavali jaat rahili. juuna juuna uttaradhat, raff clunto yethe saat hote, greencasal yethe saat, raff sutton brij yethe daha aanee raff east pushpaguchch yethe sahaa hote. sharad rututil kalat jevha see. see. aar. see. visarjit karnyat aale, tevha suud suud gatanna hastantarit karnyat aala, bahutek ladhau aanee anek bombfecki gut 1945 darmyan kadhitari eka hatat hote. hote yaa veleparyant sevechi uchch sthitee darshavit navhate aanee samanyatah rakhane trasdayak manale jaat hote. yaa veleparyant tyanna aar. aar (pratibandhit) mhanoon dekhil niyukt karnyat aale hote.
jiwant viman.
eka sampoorn sudbuddhicha badala, jyat squadran seva disali nahee, kram kramank aii 27-99 27-99, austreliyatil nyu south wells yetheel narelan yetheel camden sangrahalayat pradarshit keela aahe.
punarsthapana prakalpacha paya tayar karnyasathi, badala ghenyachya aay. aii. aii. aii. aii. <aay. dii. 1> chey ghatak aitihasik viman punarsthapana society, austreliya yethe aayojit kele jaatat.

