william jeey. oliver (udhyogpati)

william jese oliver (13 janewari 1867-28 march 1925) haah eka american udhyogpati hota, jyane jyane shatkachya suruvatila deshatil sarvat yashasvi kantrati kampanyanpaiki eka chalavali. 1890 chya dashakat aanee 1900 chya dashakachya suruvatila tyanni dakshin applechian pradeshat shekado mail railway bandhali aanee 1905 madhye dakshin united statescha sarvat motha khajgi malkicha utpadan prakalp ughadala. tyanni 1907 madhye panama kalvyachya bandhkamasathi prarambhik vijayi boolii sadar kelee, jaree akheris boolii nakarli gelee.
audhyogik prayatnambarobarach, oliver tyachya dattak ghetalelya noxville, tenacy yaa gavee nagri aanee rajkiy vyavharanmadhye guntalela hota. 1908 madhye jevha tyanni tenacy republican partychya adhiveshanavar niyantran midavale aanee swatahla aanee anek samarthakanna pakshachya vividh padanvar nivadoon aanale tevha tyanni rashtriy mathalya banavalya. 1910 madhye tyanni noxvilchya applechian pradarshanache adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele.
prarambhik jeevan.
olivercha janm mishawaka, indiana yethe heinry aanee clara oliver yanchya potee jhaala. too james olivercha (1823-1908) putanya hota, joou eka shodhak aanee nirmata hota, joou thund nangarasathi olakhala jaato, jyachi vilyamchya companyne nantar vikri kelee. vilyamne mishwaka aanee jawalchya dakshin bajus sarvajanik shalanmadhye shikshan ghetale. too 16 varshancha asatana tyachya vadilanna gambhir aarthik dhakka basala, jyamule viliyamala kaam shodhanyasathi ghar sodave lagale. tyala railway kantratdarachya khatadarache kaam denyat aale aanee kahee varshantach too pramukh banala.
vayachya 23 vya varshi, oliverne 15 sanghanchi eka sanghatana tayar kelee, jyane kapus pattyachya relvemargasathi railway shrenikaran karar jinkla aanee nafyat prakalp purn karnyat yashasvi jhaala. tyachi company, doubleu.jeey. dakshin carolinatil langley yetheel oliver andd companyne 1890 chya dashakat aakramakpane pradeshik railway bandhkam karar magitale. 1897 madhye tyane dakshin carolinatil izlila dakshin carolinashi jodanara pickens railway bandhanyacha karar jinkla aanee pudhchya varshi richmond, virginia teey rijwe, uttar carolinaparyant sagari relvecha vistar purn keela. 1899 madhye, tyanchya companyne dakshin carolinamadhil sumter aanee vateri nadee railwaymargache aanee georgiachya augusta parisarat dakshin railwaychya vistarache kantrat jinkale. 1902 madhye, oliverchya companyla nashville, tenacy aanee clarksville, tenacy darmyan tenacy central relvecha patta bandhanyasathi dashalaksh dollarscha karar midala.
oliverchi company jasjashi vadhat gelee, tasatase tyane adhik madhyavarti thikani sthalantar karnyacha prayatna keela. dakshin railwayche adhyaksh samuel spensor yanchya sallyanusar, tyanni 1903 madhye tyanchi company noxville, tenacy yethe halavali. september 1904 madhye tyanni william jeey. chey aayojan kele. oliver utpadan company, jine noxvillemadhil dell avenuever eka prachand yantrasamagri tayar kelee. dakshinetil asha prakarcha sarvat motha prakalp mhanoon varnan kelelya yaa prakalpane railwaymarg, khankam aanee bandhkam upkarane, tasech dhatuche casting aanee foundry puravatha keela.
yaa kalat, concrete bandhkamat tadnya mhanoon oliverla manyata denyat aalee aanee eka vruttapatrane tyache varnan 'americetil sarvat yashasvi concrete kantratdar' asey kele."tyachya companyne yaa pradeshachya bhovati railway pool, tasech louisville aanee nashville yetheel imarati, noxvillemadhil clinch avenue viduct aanee comberland gap, tenacy yetheel portland cement companycha prakalp bandhala. 1905 madhye, oliverne hales baar dharan bandhanyasathi eka motha karar keela, jeey tenacy nadivar pasarlele pahile jalvidhyut dharan hote. matra, done varshe aanee satat kharchat vaadh jhalyanantar tyanna haah prakalp sodanyas bhag padale gele.
1907 paryant, oliverchya kampanikade 3 kotee dollarsche kantrat hote aanee shekado mailanche railwaymarg bandhale hote. tyachya sarvat mahatvakankshi railway prakalpanpaiki eka mhanje dakshinecha stevenson vistar, jyacha uddesh chattanooga aanee stevenson, alabama yanna jodane haah hota. vistarasathi lookout dongaratoon bogda bandhane aavashyak hote. 1908 madhye purn jhalelya yaa bogdyache varnan eka vruttapatrane "dakshinetil railwaymargavaril sarvat mothya kamgiripaiki eka" asey kele aahe."
panama kalvyachi boolii.
jevha united states sarkarne panama kalwa bandhanyasathi kantratdar niyukt karnar asalyache jaheer kele, tevha oliverne sambhavya bolichi chaukashi karnyasathi agent panama yethe pathavale. tyane newyork-kshetracha kantratdar anson bangsobat bhagidari kelee aanee doghanni kalvyachya bandhkam kharchachya 6.75% chee boolii sankalit kelee (bandhkam kharch andaje $46.5 kotee itka hota). 12 janewari 1907 roji jevha nivida ughadalya gelya, tevha oliverchi boolii sadar kelelya charpaiki sarvat qamee hotee, jee george piercey aanee companychya 7.19% chya bolipeksha thodi qamee hotee aanee mccarther-gillespie (12.5%) aanee uttar american drejing companyne (28 takke) sadar kelelya bolipeksha sahajpane pudhe hotee.
rashtradhyaksh theodor roozvelt yanni suruvatila oliverchi boolii sweekarli, jaree hitsambandhanchya sangharshamule bangsla bhagidaritun kadhoon taknyat aale. oliverla eka mahamandal aayojit karnyasathi aanee 50 laakh dollars ubharanyasathi daha divasanchi mudat denyat aalee hotee, jeey tyane keval teen divasat sadhya kele. tyane newyork shahar metro builder johnn bii. yanchi madat ghetali. mcdonald, newyorkche sarvajanik bandhkam adhikshak fredrick see. stevens aanee baltimorechi milan drejing company. yaa prakalpachya dekharekhisathi too swatah panamala jaeel asey tyane sangitale.
1905 pasoon kalvyachya bandhkamachi dekhrekh karnare johnn phrank stevens yanni haah prakalp olivarkade valavanyas tivra virodh keela. yuddh sachiv william howard taft yanna pathavalelya sandeshat stevens yanni sangitale qee, itka motha prakalp purn karnyasathi aavashyak asalele 'swaroop, anubhav kinwa kamgiri' olivermadhye nahee. kalwa bandhkam dalala oliver aavadat nahee asehi tyanni sangitale aanee oliverne vividh mulakhatinmadhye kelelya vanshik tippanyambaddal chinta vyakt kelee (oliverne sangitale hote qee too pramukhyane dakshinekadil krishnavarniy majuranna kamavar thewel, tyanna west indies kinwa chinmadhil kamgaranpeksha changle kamgar manoon).
ruzvelt aanee taft yanni suruvatila stevenschya chinta fetalun lavalya, parantu februwari 1907 chya akheris, prashasanane kalwa bandhanyasathi kantratdaracha vapar naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala hota (stevenschya achanak rajinamyacha ruzveltchya nirnayavar parinam jhaala asava). oliverne sangitale qee tyala roozveltne 'vangdood' kele hote. mcdonaldne yaa nirnayasathi aantarkhandiy railwaymarganna doshi tharavale aanee teey kalvyache bandhkam hanoon padanyacha prayatna karat asalyacha yuktivad keela. jaree sarkarne kalvyacha karar oliverla naan denyacha nirnay ghetala asala, taree kalwa prakalpavar vaparnyasathi 500 polad dump gadyanche kantrat tyanna midale.
1908 prajasattak rajya adhiveshan.
1890 chya dashakat aanee 1900 chya dashakachya suruvatila, tenesicha republican paksh done gatanmadhye katoopane vibhagala gela hotah eka majee congresspatu heinry clay evance yanchya netrutvakhalil aanee dusra dusra jilha congress sadasya walter pii. braunalo. bahutek noxville vyavsayikanpramanech oliverne braunlola pathimba deela. 1904 paryant braunalo gatane pakshavar niyantran thewale, jevha evancecha mitra nathan doubleu. helane braunalochya leftnunt richard doubleu. chaa parabhav keela. sodale jilha congresschya jagesathi austin aanee evancechya evancechya prajasattak rajya samitivar niyantran midavale.
1908 chya pracharacha hangam suru hotach, republican rashtriy samititil tenesichi jaaga oliverkade jaave ashee braunalo gatachi ichcha hotee, tarr evancechi ichcha hotee qee tee helmadhye jaave. tyaa varshi evance gatane prajasattak county adhiveshananvar varchasva gajavale aanee nashville yethe pakshachya march 1908 chya rajya adhiveshanatil bahutansh pratinidhi jinkale. braunalo aajari aanee austin deshabaher asatana, eka nirash oliverne goshti swatachya hatat ghenyacha nirnay ghetala. tyane sumare 800 noxville-kshetrachya rafiyansachi bharati kelee, tyanna pistul aanee hatchets sashastr kele aanee tyanna railwayne nashvilla nele. adhiveshan suru honyachya kahee taas aadhi jamavane tenacy rajyachya rajdhanit ghusun, rakshakanvar maat kelee aanee lagech adhiveshanachi karyavahi suru kelee. oliverne 'reed-hott speach' karoon kacharapeti aanee helcha vapar kelyanantar, too 'rashtriy samiticha sadasya' mhanoon 'nivadoon' aala aanee aanee prajasattak rashtriy adhiveshanasathi tyache sahkari pratinidhi mhanoon nivadle gele.
evancecha mukhya sahkari (aanee bhavishyatil yuu.) yanchya netrutvakhali evance gut.ess. senator) nevel sanders, adhiveshan suru honar asalelya velee rajdhanit pohochale. oliverchya lokanna karyavahivar niyantran midtana, eka 'yuddh shahee' jhaala, jyat pratinidhi mushtya marat aanee khurchya aanee itar bhatkya vastoo ekmekanvar fekat hote. niyamit football davpech" vaparoon, evance purushanna vyaspithavar tyancha marg pudhe dhakalanyat yash aale, parantu oliverchya samarthakanni tyanna twarit pakadale. sanders, tyacha coat aanee topi gelee, tyacha shirt futala aanee kurkurit jhaala aanee agadi tyachya paygholitahi white prakare vighatana jhaali, heey vardyavar nele gele aanee jawaljawal bajula fekale gele. bhavee congress sadasya samm aar. vikanara, evenscha mitra, tyala vyaspithavarun fekoon denyat aale aanee khurchine marhan karnyat aalee.
kahee tasannantar, nashville police suvyavastha purvavat karnyasathi aale aanee tyanni oliverla adhiveshanachya niyantranakhali sodale. sodale divashi, evance gatane swatache adhiveshan aayojit kele aanee hels rashtriy samitee sadasya mhanoon swatachya pratinidhinchi nivad kelee. tyaa varshachya uttaradhat jevha donhi pratinidhi prajasattak rashtriy adhiveshanala aale, tevha rashtriy samiteene, oliverchya krutimbaddal jaanun ghetalyanantar, rajyachya samitichi jaaga helala dilee aanee adhiveshanatil bahutansh jaaga evance pratinidhinna pradan kelya.
tyanantarchya varshant oliver pramukhyane theodor roozveltcha samarthak mhanoon republican pakshachya rajkaranat sakriy rahila. 1912 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukidarmyan, tyanni roozveltchya purogami pakshasathi rajyavyapi sanghatanatmak prayatnanche netrutva kele.
kele applechian pradarshan.
1903 madhye shaharat aalyapasun oliver noxvilla eka bharbharatichi navee dakshin arthvyavastha mhanoon protsahan dett hota. tathapi, shaharachya vyavsayik aanee rajkiy netyankadun too satatyane nirash hott hota, jeey purogamitebaddal pratikool kinwa udaseen hote. oliverne suchavale qee noxvillkade "dakshineche mahan utpadan shahar" honyasathi tatkal naisargik sansadhane aahet aanee vyavsayik samudayachya dhokadayak, dirghakalin guntavanuk karnyachya anichhemule shahar mage dhakalale jaat aahe assa yuktivad keela. tyanni ekada mhatale hote qee, "puranmatvad haah tyaa manasacha aahe jyachyakade sarkari rokhyanmadhye paise guntavile aahet aanee ping-pong khelanyasathi tyachyakade puresa mendu aahe."
mothya pramanavar pradarshanamule itar shaharanmadhye honare fayade pahoon, oliverne patrakar william goodmansobat hatmilavani kelee, jeey noxville vyavsayik mandalache sachiv mhanoon 1900 pasoon noxvillemadhye asey bhavya pradarshan aayojit karnyacha prayatna karat hote. mothya prasiddhi mohimenantar, vyavsayik mandalachya akheris 1908 madhye hii kalpana sweekarli. clubney applecian pradarshan companyche aayojan kele aanee oliver adhyaksh niyukt kele. companyne yaa upkramasathi $100,000 jamaa kele.
12 september 1910 teey 12 aktoobar 1910 yaa kalavadhit chilhovi udyanat heey pradarshan jhaale. yaa pradeshacha vanijya aanee udyog pradarshit karane tasech yaa pradeshatil naisargik sansadhananchya jababdar vaparala protsahan dene haah tyacha uddesh hota. yaa jatrela prachand yash midale, jyamule guntavanuk kelelya $100,000 varr 140% paratava midala. teey sampalyanantar, shaharachya netyanni lagechach lagechach dusra jatra aayojit karnyas suruvat kelee. curnell laurence dii. tyson oliverchya jaagi adhyaksh jhaale.
nantarche jeevan.
1907 madhye, oliverne akheris dhundyukt parvatiy railwaymarg sthapan keela, parantu suruvatila tyala noxville, seviravile aanee eastern railway asey naav denyat aale. seviravile aanee gatlinberg marge noxvillpasoon uttar carolinaparyant adhik thet marg upalabdh karoon denyachya aashene railwaymarg aayojit karnyat aala hota. westalchya dakshin noxville parisarala seviravileshi seviravileshi railwaymargachya suruvatichya tappyache bandhkam juuna 1908 madhye suru jhaale aanee janewari 1910 paryant purn jhaale. tathapi, railwaymargala aarthik sangharsh karava lagla aanee bandhkam thambale. oliverne sathyat ferfar keela assa yuktivad karoon saviour kauntine akheris railwaymargache niyantran tabyat ghetale.
pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat, oliverchya noxville karkhanyane tofkhanyachi tof tayar kelee. yuddh suru jhalyanantar lagechach karkhanyala italian sainyakadun 100,000 tofanchi magani midali. yuu nantar.ess. yuddhat pravesh kelyanantar karkhanyala yuu. ess. kadoon 130,000 golyanchi magani midali.ess. sashastr seena.
1916 madhye, machinistschya aantarrashtriy sanghatnene noxvillemadhil oliverchya karkhanyache ekikaran karnyacha prayatna keela, jyamule talhebandi jhaali. tyach varshi julaimadhye kamgar karyakarte joseph gillmore yanni karkhanyat eka morcha kadhala. gilmorene jaaree kelelya ahavalanusar, oliver aanee sumare pannas 'sump modanare gund aanee adhikari tyanna yaa rallymadhye bhetale."gilmorene sangitale qee too bolanyacha prayatna karat asatana, oliverchya lokanni tyachyavar agnichya naline sphot keela aanee nantar tyachyavar hallah keela aanee tyala beshuddha padale.
aktoobar 1918 madhye, federal federal olivercha karkhana japt keela aanee tyala aanee nauu adhinsthanna atak karnyat aalee aanee doshpurn tofkhanyanchya tofanchya nirmitisathi sarkarla fasavanyacha cutt rachalyacha, fasavanuk kelyacha aanee cutt rachalyacha aarop thevanyat aala. jaree nantar aarop fetalanyat aale asale taree, oliverchi company diwalkhorit jaanyas bhag padali gelee aanee too kadhihi aarthikdrushtya savarla nahee.
1920 madhye noxvillemadhil kingsten paikvaril tyachya gharajaval eka truckne tyala dhadak dilyane oliver gambhir jakhami jhaala aanee too kadhihi purnapane barah jhaala nahee. 28 march 1925 roji tyanche tyanchya gharee nidhan jhaale. tyanna shaharachya greenwood smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale.

