badal

daad alteration hii kingsley emisachi 1976 salchi paryayi itihas kadambari aahe, jee eka samantar vishvavar aadharit aahe jyamadhye sudharana jhaali nahee. tyane johnn doubleu jinkla. 1977 madhye campbelle memorial puraskar.
sarjansheel utpatti.
kingsley emisachya charitramadhye, richard bradfordne lekhakachya jivanatil 'parivartan', tyachi utpatti aanee sandarbhasathi eka adhyay samarpit keela aahe. 1973 madhye, amisne alisandro moreshi yaa shevatchya dnyat european castratochya aavajachi punarutpadan aikali hotee. moreshiche sadarikaran 'mahan qalaa' manale jaau shakate yaa prastavashi emis asahmat hote, kaaran moresheela napunsak kele gele hote aanee 'kharee' qalaa manvi laingikatechya utsavasathi kendrit hotee.
bradford assa yuktivad karatat qee swatah amisasathi hii eka lakshaniy mahattvachi baab hotee, kaaran vadhatya vayamule too tyachya vivahatil napunsakta kinwa laingik bighadalelya aajarane grast asava. asha prakare, brahmachari purushanchya dandadhikari mandalat asalelya roman catholic shikavanukila tyane apavad manale.
kathanak parichay.
mukhya patra, daha varshiy hubert enville, seent george basilica, coverley (vastavik jagachi covely) yethe eka gayak aahe, jyasathi tyache shikshak aanee charchchi padanukram, swatah popparyant, jevha shokantika soochit karate, tevha tyaa mulacha utkrusht aavaj tarunyasathi balidan denyasathi khoop maulyavan aahe. tyachya swatachya shanka asoonahi, tyala napunsakatvatun jaave lagate, jeey shirshakachya done "badalanpaiki" eka aahe. dnyat rajkiy aanee sanskrutik vyaktinchya paryayi jaagtik aavrutyanchya sandarbhasah, charchchya charchchya anvilchya nishkreey palayanadarmyan yaa jagachi antardrushti dilee jaate. hubertchi aaee kautumbik padarisobat anaitik sambandh thevate aanee tyacha bhau anthany haah dabbalik church dhoranancha udarmatvadi virodhi aahe.
yaa kalkramat dnyat itihasapasun done mahattvache farak aahet. arther tudor aanee catherine auph aragonchya alpakalin sanyogane englandcha stephen dusra haah mulga jhaala. jevha yorkchya heinryne ('ghrunaspad') tyachya putanyache simhasana balkavanyacha prayatna keela, tevha yogya varasdarala parat aananyasathi popchi dharmayuddha ('ingraji uttaradhikarache yuddh') jhaali, jyachi sangata coverley yethe 'pavitra vijay' madhye jhaali, jyala englandchi charchchi rajdhani mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote.
dusare mhanje, protestant sudharana jhaali nahee kaaran martin leuthercha roman catholic charchashi samet jhaala aanee nantar too pope german pahila jhaala. lutherchya yahudivirodhi vruttimule tyachya popapadachya kalat yaa itihasala mothya pramanat sansarg jhaala asava, kaaran yaa kadambaritun asey ughad hote qee jyoo lokanna tyanchya dharmik aanee vanshik olakhichi jahirat karnyasathi swatahla vegale thevanyas aanee pivale taare ghalanyas bhag padale jaate. yaa itihasat, thomas morne lagn kele nahee aanee pope hadrian VII mhanoon popshahivar chadhala.
sampoorn paschim europemadhye ajunahi popshahicha prabhav aahe, visavya shatkatil protestantvadachya yaa aavruttimadhye nyu englandchya vibhakt prajasattakaparyant maryadit aahe, jyamadhye cranmeria (thomas crannerche naav), hasavile (zaan hasache naav), valdentia (waldentian) aanee wycliffe ciity (johnn wycliffe) yasarkhya thikanancha samavesh aahe. nyu englandmadhil schizamatic churchche pramukh arnoldstownche archpressbitter (benedict arnoldchya navavarun naav dile gele) aahet. joseph rudyard kippling yanni 1914 teey 1918 paryant 'pratham nagrik' mhanoon padd dharan kele, tarr edgar elon poe heey eka prashansit general hote, jeey 1848-1850 chya yuddhat louisiana aanee meksikochya sanyukt shaktinvar vijay midvanyachya kshani maran pavale. pustakachya shevati aaplyala kalate qee yaa protestant rajyat dekhil apriy vaishishtye aahet, jase qee mool american lokanprati varnabhed aanee kathor dand pranali.
irelandla 'paschim-ingland' aanee scotlandla 'uttar-ingland' mhanoon englandshee jodale jaat asatana englandne british betanvar varchasva gajavale aahe. sansadiy lokshahiaivaji, ingraji betanche prashasana catholic padanukramala jababdar asalelya padrinchya dikshant samarambhadvare kele jaate. churchche rajya heey paripoorn aanee adhinayakvadi aahe, jeey pavitra karyalayadvare niyantrit kele jaate, eka prakarche keey. jee. bii. kinwa gestapo samatulya. (henriques aanee laurentius-heinrich himler aanee laveranti beria-yaa chinhankit vyaktincha ullekh pasingmadhye keela aahe.)
pustakache udghatan dadapshahi englandcha divangat raja stephen tisra yachya antyasanskarachya velee rashtriy, dharmaguru aanee shahee vyaktinchya varnanat jagachi sthitee spasht kelee aahe. portugal, sweeden, naples aanee lithuania rajancha sandarbh aahe, joou soochit karato qee popshahichya laukik samarthyamule yaa itihasat konatehi italian rashtra-rajya astitvat nahee. maskovichya yuvrajacha dekhil ullekh aahe, joou soochit karato qee zarvadacha prabhav aahe aanee daufin haah nishkarsh kadhato qee french rajeshahi dekhil ajunahi astitvat aahe. germany heey eka rashtra-rajya aahe, jyala almegen mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee samratane rajya kele aahe, jaree tyala agadi samaan rashtriy seema nastil. candiachya 'samrat kulguru' chey 'wicker general' asey suchavatat qee greek orthodox church tyachya mool greesmadhun (jeey ajunahi automan varchasvakhali aahe) nirvasit jhaale asale taree aanee krete yethe mukhyalayasah eka swatantra charchshastriy adhikarkshetra mhanoon tikoon aahe. shevati, haah prarambhik vibhag bharat, brazil aanee naveen spainchya "viceroy" chaa hawala deto, jeey asey soochit karato qee vasahatvad aanee thet samrajyavad ajunahi yethe vastav aahe.
popshahi aanee ottoman samrajya yanchyat khrishchan/muslim shityuddha astitvat aahe. kadhihi nasht houu naan shakanare aanee keval kayamswarupi sainya aanee tafa rakhoon niyantranat thewale jaau shakate asey virodhiviruddhache yuddh mhanoon varnan kelele, bund kinwa prashna vicharnyachya konatyahi pravruttiche laksh vichalit karnyacha upayukt uddesh heey purn karate. pope johnn excive haah eka machiavelian yorkshireman aahe, joou europechya loksankhyechya vadhiche nirakaran karnyasathi shityuddhala eka malthusian cutt mhanoon garam houu deto-janm niyantranacha paryay mhanoon charchala jivanushastriy yuddhat pravesh aahe, jyachya purvichya popchya bandila johnn excive virodh karato. pustakachya mukhya bhagachya ghatananchya pandhra varshannantar, 1991 madhye tayar kelelya pustakachya kodatoon asey disun yete qee popchya yojnenusar ghatana ghadalya aahet. europechi atirikt loksankhya yuddhasathi tofancha chaara bunley aahe, jee jaree ottoman samrajyane braselsparyant pohochavali asali taree eka sankuchit vijayat sampali. tathapi, hubertcha balpanicha eka mitra, dekuman, haah sudur paschim tarkitil adrianopulsmadhil kabja sainikanpaiki eka asalyache namood kele jaate, jeey asey soochit karate qee ottoman ektar yuddh harale kinwa kiman catholic paschimela lakshaniy pradeshik savalati denyas bhag padale gele.
thomas kid yancha mool grunth 'hamlet' tikoon asala taree, vilyam shekspeareche kaam yaa itihasat dadapun taknyat aale hote aanee too ajunahi 1976 madhye sadar keela jaato (jaree fakt nyu englandmadhye). shelee 1853 paryant jagala, tyaa velee tyane romchya baher gandolfola aag lavali aanee tyacha mrutyu jhaala. yaulat, mosart, beethoven, blake, hockney aanee holman hunt yanni tyanchya pratibhanna dharmik adhikarala sharan jaanyachi mubha dilee aahe. edward bradford assa yuktivad karatat qee yethe lekhak aanee sangitkaranchi nivad hii amisachya swatachya pradhanyancha arth darshavinari nahee, tarr laingik swatantrya aanee manvi nivadivar dadapshahi dadapshahi vidhvansak vichardharechya adheen asalelya kalechya mulyavar prashna upasthit karate. hya jagachya maulavi varchasvavar bharr detana, hubertchya pustakanchya chhotya sangrahat father bond bond sanch (father braun aanee james bondcha eka mishran), tasech 'laurd auph daad challis' ('daad laurd auph daad rings'), 'seent lemuelcha pravas' ('galivharcha pravas') aanee 'daad wind inn daad closters' ('daad wind inn daad vilo') yancha samavesh aahe. jesuitschya monsigner jeane-paul sartrecha dekhil sandarbh aahe aanee aaa. jeey. ayyar (joou vastavik jeevanat eka prasiddha nastik hota) haah oxfordchya nyu collegemadhye hathdharmiy dharamshastracha pradhyapak aahe.
"vidnyan" haah shabdasha eka ghanerada shabd aahe aanee "shodh" jaree nasla taree shodhakanchi vyapti gambhirpane maryadit aahe. vijevar bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe; antargat jwalan enginecha ekmev prakar mhanje dizzell, joou sparkshivay kaam karato. yaa pustakacha kahee prasangik anand 'paryayi tantradnyan' madhye aahe, joou emisacha mitra aanee sahkari lekhak harry harrisonchi aathvan karoon deto, udaharanarth thomas sopavithchya vahini pulavarun londonpasoon romparyant keval saat tasant patranna gheuun jaanari vegwan railway. europela africa aanee uttar amerikeshi jodanare vahatukiche sadhan mhanoon havai jahajanchi vaishishtye aahet, jyat havepeksha judd vahane nyu englandsathich aahet.
dnyat aitihasik vyaktinchya soochanet 1970 chya dashkatil brittenmadhil rajkiy drushyacha samavesh aahe aanee tyat emisachi vadhati puranmatvadi manovrutti pratibimbit houu shakate. udaharanarth, laurd stansgate (toney baine) pavitra karyalayache adhyakshapad bhushavatat aanee paul phoot aanee corrin redgrave heey tyache done bhitidayak karyakarte aahet. pope johnn ex. aay. vhee. haah eka patal veshdhari harrold willson aahe aanee tyacha pararashtramantri enrico berlinguer aahe. itar sandarbh adhik aspasht aahet; lattinche changle dnyan asalele aupera-premi, tathapi, vatican, federicus mirabilis aanee lupigradus vioventosa yaa done castrati olakhoo shaktil, german gayak fritz wonderlich aanee wolfgang windgassen mhanoon, doghehi alikadech emis lihit asatana maran pavale.
daad alteration' madheel paryayi samantar-jaagtik samantar-jaagtik.
jyapramane 'daad mann inn daad haee casal' madhye 'daad tiddya judd aahe' yaa shirshakache pustak aahe, jyamadhye jyamadhye mahayuddhat aksh shaktincha parabhav jhalelya jagache (parantu aapale nahee) chitran kele aahe, tyachpramane 'daad alteration' chaa sandarbh eka phillip keey. chya paryayi itihas pustakashi aahe. shishnala 'daad mann inn daad haee casal' asey shirshak denyat aale. yaa pustakamadhye asha jagache chitran kele aahe jyamadhye stephen dusra kadhihi janmala aala navhata, mhanoon "pavitra vijay" kadhihi jhaala nahee aanee heinry VIII kayadesheerpane raja jhaala. pratyakshat, heinryne catherine auph aragonshee vivah keela, parantu tyancha mulga heinry, cornwallcha duke haah balpanapasunach jiwant rahila, 1547 madhye heinry ikes jhaala. martin luther yaa jagaat 'labadi' jhaala, jase tyane pratyakshat kele aanee purvichya ingraji uttar american vasahatinche 'union' 1776 aivaji 1848 madhye tutale, uttar amerikecha bahutek bhag jinkla. yach pustakat 'prajatinche mool', vijecha vyapak vapar, jyat vimanchalan aanee 1835 madhye beethovenchya mrutyupurvi vees symphanychi rachana yancha samavesh aahe, tyache prakashan dekhil aahe.
"keath robertschya 'pavane' chaa paryayi-vishva pratirup 'galliard' chaa dekhil yaa upprakarala dilelya aadaranjalimadhye ullekh aahe. (galliard aanee pavane heey donhi punarujjivan nrutyache prakar hote.)

