gret britton aanee uttar irelandchya united kingdamchi sthapana

gret britton aanee uttar irelandchya united kingdamchya nirmitimadhye gret britton aanee vyapak british betanmadhye vaiyaktik aanee rajkiy sangharajyacha samavesh aahe. united kingdam heey anek sarvbhoum rajyanpaiki sarvat alikadache aahe, jeey gret brittenmadhye itihasatil vegvegalya kalkhandat, vegvegalya sanyoganmadhye aanee vividh rajyakramankhali sthapan jhaale aahet. itihaskar norman daviesne gelya 2000 varshant sola vegvegalya rajyanchi ganana kelee aahe.
vadhavala shatkachya suruvatiparyant, gret brittenmadhil rajyanchi sankhya donparyant qamee jhaali hotih englandche rajya (jyamadhye wells aanee niyantrit irelandcha samavesh hota) aanee scotlandche rajya. ekvelche swatantra wellsche sansthan 1284 madhye rudlanchya kayadyavarun ingraji rajanchya niyantranakhali aale. 1603 madhye mukutanche ekikaran, shambhar varshanpurvichya shahee vivahacha apghati parinam, jaree gret brittonchya rajyachya swarupat purn rajkiy ekikaranasathi 1706 madhye sangharajyacha taha aanee 1707 madhye sangharajyachya kayadyanchi aavashyakta hotee (kararala manyata denyasathi), taree rajyanna vaiyaktik sangharajyat ekatra aanale.
1800 chya union kayadyanni gret brittonche rajya aanee irelandche rajya ekatra kele, jeey haloohaloo 1541 aanee 1691 chya darmyan ingraji niyantranakhali aanale gele hote, 1801 madhye gret britton aanee irelandche united kingdam tayar karnyasathi. 1922 madhye ayrish mukt rajyasathi swatantrya done varshanpurvi ireland betachya falaninantar aale, alster prantachya naupaiki sahaa parganya yukemadhye shillak rahilya, jyaa nantar 1927 madhye united kingdam auph gret britton aanee uttar irelandche sadhyache naav badalale.
20 vya shatkat, velsh aanee scottish rashtravadacha uday aanee irelandmadhil samasyanche nirakaran yamule uttar ireland, scotland aanee velsasathi hastantarit sansadechi kinwa vidhansabhanchi sthapana jhaali.
parshvabhoomi.
englandcha welswar vijay.
antargat sangharsh aanee rajvanshvadi vivah yutidvare, owen gwenad (1100-1170) haah 'princeps valencium' (velshcha rajkumar) hii padvi vaparnara pahila velsh shasak hoiparyant velsh adhik ekjoot jhaala. englandvar aakraman kelyanantar, bhoo-bhukelelya samanya lokanni tulanene kamkuvat velsh morchanmadhye pravesh karnyas suruvat kelee, deshachya purv bhagat aanee simavarti bhagat anek adhipatya sthapan kelya. pratisadat, samanyatah fracksh velsh, jyane ajunahi velsachya uttar aanee paschim bhagavar niyantran rakhale, tyane owen gwenadcha natoo lilivelin daad gret (1173-1240) yasarkhya netyanchya bhovati ekatra yeu lagale, jyane swatache varnan 'serve uttar wellscha rajkumar' asey kele aahe. 1215 madhye livelinne magna kartamadhun savalati midavalya aanee 1216 madhye aberdify yetheel parishademadhye itar velsh lordschee nishtha prapt kelee, aanee too wellscha pahila rajkumar banala. tyacha natoo, lilivelin epp groofed yane 1267 madhye montgomerichya tahasah heinry III kadoon 'prince auph wells' hii padvi midavali. tathapi, lilivelinachi patni, sayman dii montfortchi mulgi eleanorchya turungwasasah, anek vivadancha shevat edward I chya pahilya aakramanat jhaala. lashkari parabhavanantar, 1277 madheel eberconvichya tahane englandchya rajala lillilinchi nishtha punha prasthapit kelee.
1282 madhye, aanakhi eka bandanantar, edward pahila yane shevati kayamswarupi vijay midavala. lillileenchya mrutyunantar, rajane tyachya jamini tabyat ghetalya aanee uttar aanee paschim velsachya itar anek sahyogi rajkumaranna bedkhal kele aanee tyaa parisarat edwardne anglessy, carnorfshire, flintshire, marionethshire, cardiganshire aanee carmarthenshire yaa parganyanchi sthapana kelee. rudlanchya kayadyane done varshannantar welswar edwardche rajya aupcharikpane sthapit kele, jaree velsh kayadyacha vapar suruch rahila. urvarit rajkumar padayatreche swami banale. velsmadhye janmalelya edwardcha mulga (nantar edward dusra) yala wellscha rajkumar banavanyat aale. british rajanchya varsala 'prince auph wells' hii padvi denyachi parampara aajahi suru aahe. aapale varchasva tikavoon thevanyasathi edwardne dagadi killyanchi eka malika bandhali.
suruvatila, bahutek welswar mukutanche keval apratyaksh niyantran hote kaaran morchache sardar (deshachya bahutansh bhagant swatantra adhipatinvar rajya karnare) thet mukut niyantranapasun swatantra hote. apavad mhanje deshachya uttar aanee paschim bhagatil rajanchya jamini, jyaa raja (kinwa mukutcha varasdar) yachyakade vaiyaktikaritya hotya, parantu tyaa englandchya rajyat samavisht kelya gelya navhatya. tathapi, tathapi aanee vadhavala shatkanchya darmyan jawaljawal serve wells tajachya niyantranakhali yeiparyant, tajane haloohaloo bahutek padbhraman adhikaripad, sahasa varshadvare midavale. tarisuddha, sampoorn wells-mhanje, rajvat, mukutane dharan keleli padbhramananchi adhipatye aanee itaranni dharan keleli padbhramananchi adhipatye-ingland rajyachya kayadeshir aanee ghatanatmak sanrachanechya baher rahili.
eka shatkanantar owen glenderchya netrutvakhali englandchya heinry IV viruddha jhalelya uthavavyatirikt konatihi mothee bandkhori jhaali nahee. 1404 madhye glinderla france, spain aanee scotlandmadhil dutanchya upasthitit wellscha rajkumar mhanoon mukut ghatala gela; tyane matchinleths anek velsh shaharanmadhye sansadiy sabha ghetalya. matra, bund shevati sansthapkakadech gele. glender 1412 madhye lapoon basala aanee 1415 paryant velsmadhye qamee-adhik pramanat shantata prasthapit jhaali.
1535 madhye ingland aanee wellsche rajkiy aanee prashasakeey sangharajya purn jhalyavar padayatretil prabhuchi satta sampushtat aalee. wells kayada 1535 madheel kayadyanni welsla englandshee jodale aanee velsparyant ingraji kayadyacha vistar keela, padayatrik adhipatyachi samapti kelee aanee tyanchya jamini breaken, denbig, monemouth, montgomeri aanee radnore yaa parganyanmadhye vibhagalya aanee glocester, harford aanee salopmadhye bhag jodale. (monmothshire purnapane englandchya nyayalayin sanrachanet samavisht karnyat aale aanee tyamule 1542 chya wells kayadyatil tyanantarchya kayadyanmadhun vagalanyat aale, jyamule ingland kinwa wellscha bhag mhanoon tyachya sthitibaddal sandigdhata nirman jhaali.) yaa kayadyane englandchya kayadyacha vistar ingland aanee wells yaa donhi deshanparyant keela aanee adhikrut karanansathi ingraji hii ekmev anumatiyogya bhasha banavali. velsh hii bahusankhyanchi bhasha asatana velsh lokanmadhye ingraji bhashik shasak varg nirman karnyacha yacha parinam jhaala. wellsche aata westminster yetheel sansadetahi pratinidhitva hote.
irelandvar ingrajancha vijay.
vijay shatkaparyant irelandchi vibhagani jhaali. sampoorn betavar varchasva rakhanyasathi ekmekanshi spardha virodh kahee pradeshik rajvanshachya pramukhanni sattecha vapar keela. 1155 madhye pope adrian IV neey popal bail loudabilter jaaree kele jyamule norman raja heinry II yala irelandvar adhipatyakhalil englandche adhipatipad midale. charchchya paddhatinmadhye sudharana karnyasathi bailane henriela irelandvar aakraman karnyacha adhikar deela. jevha linster diarmuid mcmorogcha raja naveen uchch raja ruedri mack tyrdelbakh kwa conchobairne tyachya rajyatoon jabardastine haddapar keela, tevha tyane englandchya heinry dusra yachyakadun tyache rajya parat midvanyasathi norman sainyacha vapar karanyachi parvanagi ghetali. norman 1169 madhye irelandmadhye utarale aanee thodyach velat diarmitene linsterla punha midvile, jyane tyacha javai, richard dii clair, yala tyachya rajyacha varasdar mhanoon naav dile. yamule henriela bheeti vatali, jyala irelandmadhye pratispardhi norman rajyachi sthapana honyachi bheeti vatat hotee.
popchya bail adhikarasah heinry 1171 madhye mothya tafyasah utarala aanee tyane betavar sarvbhaumatva asalyacha dawa keela. 1175 madhye eka shantata karar jhaala, jyat ayrish uchch rajane linsterchya baherchya jamini thevalya, jyaa diarmite aanee dii clair yaa doghanchya apekshit mrutyuvar henrikade gelya hotya. jevha uchch rajane aapala adhikar gamavala tevha heinryne 1185 madhye tyacha dhakata mulga johnla tyache ayrish pradesh 'dominus hibernian' ('laurd auph ireland') hii padvi deuun sanmanit kele. jevha johnn anpekshitpane englandcha raja jhaala, tevha irelandche adhipatya thet ingraji mukutakhali aale. laurd auph ireland aanee king auph ingland hii padvi vaiyaktik sanyogat aalee. sampoorn 13 vya shatkat, irelandmadhil norman lordschee shakti kamkuvat karane heey ingraji rajanche dhoran hote.
bandkhor hallyanni samanya sansadhanancha vistar kelyamule gelic shaktiche punarutthan jhaale. gelic irelandmadhil rajkaran aanee ghatananmulehi vasahati aayarishchya kakshet adhik kholvar aakarshit jhaale. 1348 madhye jevha irelandmadhye black death aala tevha tyacha fatka ingraj aanee norman rahivashanna basala, jeey adhik vikhuralelya grameen vasahatinmadhye vasahatinmadhye mool ayrish lokanpeksha khoop katheen shaharanmadhye aanee gavanmadhye rahat hote. tee gelyanantar, gelic ayrish bhasha aanee pratha punha grameen bhagavar varchasva gajavoo lagalya. ingraji-niyantrit kshetra punha fikat jhaale, doublinchya aaspasche eka tatbandi kshetra.
fikatpanachya baher, suptavasthetil samanya prabhunni ayrish bhasha aanee pratha swikarlya. pudhil shatkanmadhye tyanni englandbarobarchya rajkiy aanee lashkari sangharshanmadhye sthanik ayrish lokanchi bajoo ghetali aanee sudharanannantar samanyatah catholic rahile. irelandchya 'galicisation' baddal halakya padadyavaril adhikari itake chintet padale qee tyanni ingraji vanshachya lokanna ayrish bhasha bolanyas, ayrish kapade ghalanyas kinwa aayrishashi aantarvivah karnyas bandee ghalanara vishesh kayada manjur keela. doublinmadhil sarkarla pratyakshat farsa adhikar naslyamule, kayadyancha farsa parinam jhaala nahee. nahee shatkachya akheris, irelandmadhil sattadhari ingraji satta jawaljawal serve gayab jhaali hotee.
1532 madhye heinry VIII neey popchya adhikaratun payutar jhaale. ingraji, velsh aanee scots yanni protestantvad swikarla, tarr ayrish catholic rahile. englandmadhil protestant vasahat ulthavoon taknyacha prayatna virodh catholic shaktincha ireland haah paya houu naye mhanoon ingrajanni irelandvar punha vijay midvanyacha aanee vasahat karnyacha prayatna keela, tyamule pudhil charshe varshe irelandchya englandshee asalelya sambandhanvar yacha parinam jhaala.
1536 pasoon, heinry VIII neey ireland jinkanyacha aanee tyala mukut niyantranakhali aananyacha nirnay ghetala jenekarun heey bett bhavishyatil bandkhori kinwa englandvaril paradeshi aakramanancha paya banoo naye. 1541 madhye tyane irelandla adhipatyakhalil rajyatoon purn rajyamadhye sthan dile. ayrish sansadechya baithakit henriela irelandcha raja ghoshit karnyat aale. sarkari sanstha astitvat asatana, pudhil paul mhanje irelandchya ingraji samrajyache niyantran tyachya serve dawa kelelya pradeshavar vadhavane. anek raktaranjit sangharshannantar elizabeth aanee james pahila yanchya karkirdit punha vijay purn jhaala. tathapi, ingrajanna catholic aayarishche protestant dharmat rupantar karnyat yash aale nahee aanee deshala shant karnyasathi mukut adhikaryanni vaparlya gelelya kroor paddhatinni ingraji rajvatibaddalcha rosh vadhavala.
vadhavala shatkachya madhyapasoon aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatiparyant, rajvat sarkaranni vasahatikaranache dhoran rabavale jyala vruksharopan mhanatat. scottish aanee ingraji protestantanna munster, alster aanee laos aanee offley prantanmadhye vasahatvadi mhanoon pathvanyat aale. british protestant olakh asalele heey vasahati, irelandmadhil bhavishyatil british prashasanacha sattadhari varg banatil. irelandchya sthapit (anglican) church vyatirikt itar serve dharmanshi bhedbhav virodh dandatmak kayadyanchi eka malika.
vaiyaktik sangha mukutanche sangh.
august 1503 madhye scotscha raja james 4 yane englandchya heinry heinry sarvat mothee mulgi margaret tudor hichyashi vivah keela. jawaljawal 100 varshannantar, jevha elizabeth pahili tichya karkirdichya shevatchya dashakat hotee, tevha sarvanna heey spasht hote qee james 4 aanee margaret tudor yancha panjoba, skotlandcha james 6 haah ingraji sinhasanacha ekmev samanyatah swikararh varas hota. 1601 pasoon, elizabeth pahiliche mukhyamantri surr robbert cecil yanni sahaj uttaradhikarasathi aagau tayari karnyasathi james yanchyashi gupt patravyavahar keela. 24 march 1603 roji elizabethcha mrutyu jhaala aanee tyach divashi jamesla londonmadhye raja ghoshit karnyat aale. rajeshahi asoonahi, scotland aanee ingland heey aanakhi shambhar varshanhun adhik kaal swatantra sansad asalele swatantra desh mhanoon rahile.
jameschi aadarshavadi mahatvakanksha hotee qee, scotland aanee englandchya mukutanche vaiyaktik millen ghadavane, jenekarun eka raja, eka sansad aanee eka kayadyachya antargat mukutanche kayamswarupi ekikaran sthapan karata yeil. tyanni aagrah dharala qee ingraji aanee scots yanni "eka pramanik aanee paripoorn sanyogat ekatra aale pahije, kaaran done julya mulee ekach potat janmala aalya, ekmekanvar aanakhi done navhe tarr eka malmatta mhanoon prem kele pahije". englandchya pracheen naav aanee kshetrache rakshan karnyasathi sansadechya eka eka sadasyanni dhaav ghetalyamule jameschya mahattvakankshanche swagat farach qamee utsahane karnyat aale. serve prakarche kayadeshir aakshep upasthit karnyat aaleh serve kayadyanche nutanikaran karave lagel aanee serve kararanvar punha vataghati karavya lagtil. jamessathi, jyancha sansadecha anubhav munch-vyavasthapit aanee ardh-samanti scottish vividhatepurata maryadit hota, ingraji aavrutticha aatmavishvas-aanee obadalpana-jyala samratanna aswasth karnyacha dirgh anubhav hota, too eka spasht dhakka hota. wells kinwa irelandchya darjaparyant qamee honyachi bheeti asalyamule scots ingrajanpeksha jaast utsahi navhate. aktoobar 1604 madhye, james yanni kayadyapeksha ghoshana karoon 'gret brittoncha raja' hii padvi sweekarli, jaree surr francis bekan yanni tyanna sangitale qee teey 'konatyahi kayadeshir karyavahi, sadhan kinwa aashvasanat' hii padvi vaparu shakat naheet. donhi rajyanni swatantra sansad rakhane suru thewale. mukutanchya ekikaranane eka prakriya suru kelee hotee jyamule shevati done rajyanche ekikaran hoil. tathapi, pudhil shambhar varshant, majboot dharmik aanee rajkiy matbhed rajyanmadhye vibhagani karat rahile aanee samayik rajgharanyala antargat yuddhachya prasanganna rokhata aale nahee.
jamesney british mukut tayar keela nahee, parantu kiman eka arthane, tyane britishanna lokancha eka vegala gut mhanoon tayar kele. 1607 madhye alstermadhil jaminicha motha bhag mukutavar padala. scotland aanee englandmadhil protestant vasahatindvare eka naveen lagwad suru karnyat aalee. varshanuvarshe, virodhi catholic aayarishanni vedhalelya vasahati haloohaloo tyanchi swatantra ingraji aanee scottish mule sodoon dett, yaa prakriyet british banoon, tyanchya gallic gallic tyanchya "anyatvavar" bharr denyache sadhan banale. british betancha haah eka kopra hota, jithe junya aanee sakhol rashtriy sanghatananvar prakash taknyachya ulat, britishatva heey rajkiy aanee sanskrutik olakh mhanoon kharokharach arthpurn jhaale.
ingland, scotland aanee ireland yaa vividh rajyanvar rajya karane james aanee tyacha uttaradhikari charles yanchyasathi katheen tharale, visheshtah jevha tyanni teen rajyanvar dharmik eksamanta ladanyacha prayatna keela. pratyek deshat vegvegalya dharmik paristhiti hotya. raja heinry VIII neey swatahla englandchya charchcha pramukh banavale hote, jyamadhye edward VII chya netrutvakhali sudharana karnyat aalee aanee elizabeth I chya netrutvakhali teey anglican banale. protestantvad englandmadhil rashtriy asmitanshi jawalun sambandhit jhaala. roman kaithalikvadakade rashtriy shatru mhanoon pahile jaat hote, visheshtah france aanee spainmadhye moort swaroop mhanoon. tathapi, catholic dharm haah irelandmadhil bahutansh lokancha dharm rahila aanee 16 vya shatkat tudorne irelandvar punha vijay midvanyachya sthanik pratikaranche prateek banala. jaree bahutek dongral pradesh catholic rahile asale, taree scotlandmadhye eka rashtriy church, daad presbyterian church auph scotland hote. episcopelianchya pathimbyane, james yanni presbyterian pakshachya ichcheviruddha church auph scotlandmadhye bishop punha dakhal kele.
1625 madhye jameschya jaagi tyacha mulga charles pahila aala, jyala westminster yethe rajyabhisheka nantar kahee varshanni, 1633 madhye edinberg yetheel seent jiles cathedralmadhye sampoorn ingraji sanskaransah mukut ghatala gela. ingraji paddhatinchi amalbajavani karnyachya tyachya prayatnanna virodh, jevha tyane samanya prathaneche pustak sadar karnyacha prayatna keela, tevha too eka nirnayak bindu gathala. 1639 madhye charlescha scots sangharsh usalala, jevha tyane lashkari margane scotlandver jabardasti karnyacha prayatna keela aanee too ayashasvi jhaala. kahee babatint, james pahila englandchya sinhasanavar baslyanantar, yaa bandamule, eknishth rajeshahit bajula sarlyabaddal scottish lokanmadhye naraji nirman jhaali. yamule bishapchi yuddhe jhaali.
charles pahila yachya rajyabhishekachya kalat raja aanee sansad yanchyatil tivra matbhedanchi suruvat jhaali. charlesne rajanchya daivi adhikarachya siddhantala, joou tyachya vadilankadun varshane midalelya ingraji mansiktesathi parkeey siddhant hota, tyache palan kelyane raja aanee sansad yanchyatil varchasvasathichya dusht yuddhala chalana midali. mhanoon, jevha charlesne scotschya virodhat mohimesathi paise denyasathi sansadet sampark sadhala, tevha tyanni nakar deela, swatahla kayamswarupi adhiveshanat asalyache ghoshit kele aanee konatyahi naveen kayadyala manjuri denyapurvi charlesla nirakaran karave lagel asha nagri aanee dharmik takrarinchi eka lamb yadee pudhe thewali. darmyan, irelandchya rajyat, charles aay 'sha laurd deputy, thomas gowarth yanni sthanik ayrish catholicancha tyanchya jamini japt karnyasathi aanee tyaa ingraji vasahativadyanna denyasathi varanvar pudhakar gheuun virodh keela hota. tyane naveen karanchi amalbajavani karoon pann roman kaithalikanna praja mhanoon purn adhikar nakarun tyanna santapt kele hote. hii paristhiti jyaa goshtine sphotak banavali tee mhanje 1639 madhye, ayrish kaithalikanna, scottish bandkhori rokhanyasathi ayrish sainya ubharanyasathi aanee tyasathi paise denyachya badalyat, teey shodhat asalelya sudharananchi aupher denyachi tyanchi kalpana hotee. jaree sainya protestantdware karyanvit kele jaat asale, taree anekanchya matey julami sarkar mhanoon jeey pahile jaat hote tyachi amalbajavani karnyasathi ayrish catholic sainyacha vapar karnyachya kalpanene scottish aanee ingraji sansad yaa doghannahi ghabaravale, jyanni pratyuttarat irelandvar aakraman karanyachi dhamki dilee.
british protestant varchasvamule door jhalelya aanee ingraji aanee scottish sansadechya vaktavyanmule ghabaroon, ayrish katkaryanchya eka chhotya gatane 1641 madhye ayrish bund suru kele, jeey ughadpane "rajachya hakkanchya" samarthanarth hote. irelandmadhil british protestant samudayanvar vyapak halle, kadhikadhi hatyakandanmadhye parinami jhalyane hii vaadh lakshaniy tharali. ingland aanee scotlandmadhye afava pasarlya qee yaa hatyanna rajachi manjuri hotee aanee rajache ayrish sainya brittenmadhye utaralyas tyanchyasathi kaay apekshit hote yachee hii purvat hotee. parinami, irelandmadhil bandkhori rokhanyasathi shahee sainyala paise denyas ingraji sansadene nakar deela aanee tyaeivaji swatache sashastr sainya ubhe kele. rajanehi tasech kele, vaidh rajashi nishtha heey sarvat mahattvache rajkiy tattva aahe asey asey rajgharanyatil lokanna (tyapaiki kahee sansad sadasya) ekatra kele.
1642 madhye ingraji yadavi yuddh suru jhaale. presbyterian mhanoon olakhale jaanare scottish kararkartyanni, ingraji sansadechi bajoo ghetali, 1643 madhye yuddhat sameel jhaale aanee ingraji sansadiy vijayat pramukh bhoomika bajavali. london shaharachya aarthik kashtachya pathimbyane, sansadechya naveen aadarsh sainyachya karyakshamatemule rajachya sainyachi talmal jhaali. 1646 madhye charles pahila yane aatmasamarpan kele. sansadeshi tadjod karnyat ayashasvi tharalyanantar, tyala 1649 madhye atak karnyat aalee aanee fashi denyat aalee. irelandmadhye, bandkhor ayrish kaithalikanni dharmik sahishnuta aanee rajkiy svayattatechya badalyat rajgharanyala madat karnyachya uddeshane tyanche swatache sarkar-irelandche sangharajya sthapan kele. ingland aanee scotlandchya sainyane irelandmadhye ladha deela aanee ayrish mahasanghachya sainyane 1644 madhye scotlandver moheem suru kelee, jyamule scottish yadavi yuddhala suruvat jhaali. scotlandmadhye, rajgharanyatil lokanni 1644-45 madhye anek vijay midavale, parantu pahilya ingraji yadavi yuddhachya samaptinantar aanee mukhya kararbaddha sainyachya scotlandmadhye parat yenyane tyancha parabhav jhaala.
dusare ingraji yadavi yuddh sampalyanantar, aata oliver kromvelchya netrutvakhalil vijayi sansadiy dalanni irelandvar aakraman kele aanee 1649 madhye irelandvar cromwellion vijay midavatana tethil shahee-sangharajyachi yutee chiradoon takali. scottish kararkartyambarobarchi tyanchi yutee dekhil tutali hotee aanee scotsney charles dusra yala raja mhanoon mukut ghatala hota. tyamule cromwellne 1650-51 madhye scotlandver vijay midvanyas suruvat kelee. yuddhanchya akheris, teen rajye ingraji rashtrakul navache eka eksandh rajya hote, jeey ughadpane eka prajasattak hote parantu tyat lashkari hukumshahichi anek vaishishtye hotee.
teen rajyanchya yuddhanni aadhunik brittenla aakar aakar anek badalanchi purv-aakruti tayar kelee, parantu alpavadhit tyache farse nirakaran jhaale nahee. ingraji rashtrakulane rajeshahi aanee prajasattak yanchyat (jaree tulanene asthir asale taree) tadjod kelee. sansadechya lashkari dalanvar niyantran asalyamule oliver kromvelane vyavharat sattecha vapar keela hota, parantu too laurd protector jhaala tarihi tyachi kayadeshir sthitee kadhihi spasht jhaali nahee. anek sanvidhan prastavit karnyat aale hote, parantu ekahi sanvidhan kadhihi sweekarle gele nahee. asha prakare rashtrakul aanee vijayi khasdaranni sthapan kelelya sanrakshit rajyane sarkarchya naveen prakaranchya margat tyachya mage farse kahee sodale nahee. yaa kalapasoon done mahattvache varsa hoteh pahila mhanje raja charles pahila yala uchch deshdrohachya aaropakhali fashi detana, bhavishyatil konatahi british raja konatyahi bhramakhali rahoo shakat navhata qee kathit hukumshahi sahan kelee jaeel aanee dusra mhanje lashkari rajvatichya atirekanmule, visheshtah mejar-generalschya atirekamule ingraji bhashik jagaat lashkari rajvatibaddal kayamcha avishvas nirman jhaala aahe.
madhyavadhidarmyan ireland aanee scotlandver naveen aadarsh sainyane kabja keela hota. irelandmadhye, 1641 chya bandachi shiksha mhanoon ayrish kaithalikanchya jawaljawal serve jamini japt karnyat aalya; yaa samudayaviruddha kathor dandatmak kayade dekhil manjur karnyat aale. hajaro khasdar sainik irelandmadhye japt kelelya jamininvar sthayik jhaale. ireland aanee scotlandchya sansad radd karnyat aalya. siddhantatah, ingraji sansadet tyanche pratinidhitva hote, parantu yaa sansthela kadhihi vastavik adhikar naan midalyane heey kshullak hote. 1658 madhye jevha cromwellcha mrutyu jhaala, tevha rashtrakul mothya hinsacharashivay tutale aanee charles dusra ingland, scotland aanee irelandcha raja mhanoon punha sthapit jhaala.
ingraji punarsanchayanakhali, rajkiy vyavastha yuddhanpurvichya ghatanatmak sthiteet parat aalih scotland aanee irelandla tyanchi sansad parat karnyat aalee.
charles dusra maran pavala tevha tyacha catholic bhau jamesla englandcha james dusra aanee scotlandcha VII mhanoon simhasana midale. jevha tyala mulga jhaala, tevha englandchya sansadene sansadene gauravshali krantimadhye tyala padchyut karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyachya jaagi tyacha roman catholic mulga james stuartne navhe, tarr tyachi protestant mulgi aanee javai merrie II aanee william III yanni, jee 1689 madhye sanyukt shasak bunley. jamesney tyache mukut parat midvanyacha eka gambhir prayatna keela, jyacha shevat 1690 madhye boyachya ladhait parabhav jhaala.
sanghachi sthapana.
1707 chey union kayade.
ranee enee (1702-14) yanche sakhol rajkiy ektrikaran heey eka pramukh dhoran hote, jee 1702 madhye ingland aanee scotlandchi shevatchi shoor samrat mhanoon sinhasanavar basali (tee gret brittonchi ekmev shoor samrat dekhil hotee). ranine anukrame scotland aanee englandkadoon sanghasathi aayuktanchi niyukti kelee aanee 1706 madhye tyanni 22 julai 1706 roji sangharajya kararachya atinvar sahmatine pramanikpane vataghati suru kelya. scotlandne heey vidheyak swikaralyachi paristhiti kahee pramanat vadgrast aahe. scottish samarthakanna asey vatale qee heey vidheyak swikaranyat ayashasvi jhalyas qamee anukool atinmadhye sangharajya ladale jaeel aanee laurd justices clerk james johnston yanni nantar asey nirikshan nondavale qee "vidhimandalache adhikar sodanyabaddal, aamchyakade haar mananare konich navhate... kaaran yaa prakaranachi kharee sthitee ashee hotee qee, vyapar visheshadhikaranshivay scotland ingraji mantralayachya adheen asave qee vyaparasah ingraji sansadechya adheen asave."simechya donhi bajunna anek mahine tivra vadavivad honar hota, visheshtah scotlandmadhye jithe vadavivad anekada nagri avyavasthet rupantarit houu shakato, visheshtah kukhyat" "edinberg jamav". " rajyanchya ektrikaranachi shakyata scottish loksankhyemadhye mothya pramanat apriy hotee; tathapi, aarthikdrushtya vinashkari darian yojnenantar, scotlandchya jawaljawal diwalkhor sansadene prastav sweekarle.
1707 madhye, sangharajyachya kayadyanna tyanchi shahee sammati midali, jyamule englandche rajya aanee scotlandche rajya aanee tyanchi sambandhit sansade radd karoon gret brittonchya ekach sansadesah gret brittonche eka ekikrut rajya tayar kele gele. anney aupcharikpane ekikrut british sinhasanavar pahile adhibhogdar banale aanee scotlandne westminster yetheel naveen sansadet 45 emm. pii. ess. pathavale. kadachit sangharajyachya scotlandla jhalela sarvat motha fayda mhanje tee ingland aanee tichya paradeshatil malmatteshi mukt vyaparacha anand gheu shakali. englandchya bajoone, englandla virodh virodh european rajyansathi sambhavya mitrapakshala nishprabhavi kele gele hote aanee tyach velee naveen british sinhasanavar protestant uttaradhikar midavala hota.
tathapi, purvichya swatantra rajyanche kahee pailu vegale rahile. british vyavasthet villin naan jhalelya scottish aanee ingraji sansthanchya udaharananmadhye scottish aanee ingraji kayada, scottish aanee ingraji banking pranali, daad presbyterian church auph scotland aanee daad anglican church auph ingland aanee shikshan aanee uchch shikshan pranali yancha samavesh aahe. teey vegale rahatat.
1800 chey union kayade.
kayade ayrish bandanantar, ayrish kaithalikanna matdan karnyas kinwa ayrish sansadet upasthit rahnyas manai karnyat aalee. naveen ingraji protestant sattadhari varg protestant adhishthapan mhanoon olakhala jaat asey. asey shatkachya akheris purnapane protestant asalelya ayrish sansadene purvichya tulanet british sansadepasun adhik swatantrya midavale. dandatmak kayadyannusar, 1691 madhye yapaiki pahili bandee lagoo karnyat aalee tevha irelandchi sumare 90 takke loksankhya mool ayrish catholic asali taree, konatahi ayrish catholic irelandchya sansadet basoo shakat navhata. 1703 aanee 1709 madhye itaranni catholic samudayala aanee kahee pramanat protestant asahamatanna vanchit vanchit sarvasamaveshak vyavasthecha bhag mhanoon yaa bandiche palan kele. 1798 madhye, yaa asahmat paramparechya anek sadasyanni, eksandh ayrish samajachya preranene aanee netrutvakhalil bandamadhye kaithalikambarobar samaan kaaran kele. prajasattak sanvidhanasah rajya mhanoon purnapane swatantra ireland tayar karnyachya uddeshane heey aayojit kele gele hote. francechi madat asoonahi, 1798 madheel ayrish bund british sainyane hanoon padale.
gret britton aanee irelandche vidhimandal 1800 chya union kayadyandvare purn jhaale, pratyek sansadene donhi rajyanna ekatra karoon, jyala 'gret britton aanee irelandche united kingdam' mhanatat. gret brittonchya sansadet aanee irelandchya sansadet, kahee pramanat (samkalin kagadpatrannusar) irelandmadhye midavalelya mothya bahumatasah, mhanje tikakaranna tyanchi matey midvanyasathi samvayaskata aanee sanman pradan karane, heey duheri kayade manjur karnyat aale.
sangharajyachya atinnusar, united kingdamchi keval eka sansad asavi. irelandne chaar prabhu aadhyatmik (bishop) aanee aththavis prabhu laukikanna lordschya gharat aanee shambhar sadasyanna westminster yetheel haus auph commonsmadhye pathavale. prabhuchi aadhyatmik nivad kramane kelee jaat asey aanee prabhuchi nivad irelandchya samvayaskanmadhun kelee jaat asey.
ayrish kaithalikansathi eka vyapar mhanoon vyavasthecha eka bhag mhanje catholic mukti dene, jyala serve-ingraji ayrish sansadene tivra virodh keela hota. tathapi, raja george tisra yane yala adavale, jyane assa yuktivad keela qee roman kaithalikanchi sutka karane tyachya rajyabhishekachya shapathecha bhang karel. roman catholic padanukramane yaa sanghatanela manyata dilee hotee. tathapi, catholic mukti rokhanyachya nirnayamule tyache apeal ghatkaritya qamee jhaale.
brittenmadhil pradeshanchya aitihasik vilinikaranachi sarani.
united kingdamchya deshanchya vaiyaktik aanee vidhimandal sanghatananshi sambandhit kagadpatre aanee united kingdamchya sthapanecha itihas (parshvabhoomi) dekhil pahaa.
united kingdamche 'vighatan'.
ayrish aliptata aanee swatantrya.
navhati shatkat shatkat dashkatil motha dushkal padala, jyaa darmyan daha laakh ayrish lock maran pavale aanee daha lakhanhun adhik lock sthalantarit jhaale. 122 varshanchya yutichya kalat united kingdamchya pailunna irelandmadhye lokpriyata midali. 1900 madhye ranee victoria, 1903 aanee 1907 madhye raja edward sahava aanee ranee alekzandra aanee 1911 madhye raja george pachva aanee ranee merrie yanchya bhetisathi lakho lock doublinla aale. pahilya mahayuddhat sumare 210,000 ayrish lock united kingadamsathi ladhale, asha velee jevha ireland heey ekmev mool rashtra hote jithe saktichi bharati lagoo navhati.
navhati shatkat aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatila, visheshtah catholic loksankhyemadhye, ayrish rashtravadacha uday jhaala. 1874 chya sarvatrik nivadanukipasun 1922 madhye ayrish mukt rajyachya nirmitiparyant, ayrish matdarsanghanmadhun nivadoon aalelya bahusankhya khasdaranni swashasanache samarthan kele, kadhikadhi swatahla haus auph commonsmadhye sattecha samtol asalyache aadhalale. rajkiy pragatichya abhavamule nirash houn, houn easter udayasah sashastr bund jhaale. done varshannantar, adhik kattarpanthi, republican paksh, siin fenane, 103 ayrish matdarsanghanpaiki 73 jinkale. siin fenane brittonchya sansadet naan basanyache, tarr first dell mhanoon olakhali jaanari ayrish sansad sthapan karnyache vachan dile hote, jyane 1916 chya ghoshanechi pushti karoon ayrish swatantrya ghoshit kele, jyamule tyanantar ayrish swatantryache yuddh jhaale. 1921 madhye, british sarkar aanee ayrish netyanchya shishtmandalamadhye eka karar jhaala. yaa kararanusar, uttar irelandne baher padanyacha nirnay ghetalyashivay, naveen ayrish mukt rajyat eka swashasana rajya tayar hoil. uttar irelandmadhye bahusankhya protestant loksankhya hotee aanee tyanni apekshepramane baher padanyachi nivad kelee. done ayrish rajyanmadhil simevar nirnay ghenyasathi seema aayogachi sthapana karnyat aalee, jaree tyanni simevar keval kirkol samayojan karanyachi shifaras kelyanantar tee nantar sodoon denyat aalee.
ayrish mukt rajya heey suruvatila canada aanee dakshin aafrikesarkhe british rajya hote, jyache rajyapramukh raja george pachva hote. itar rajyansah, westminster 1931 chya kayadyantargat tyala purn vidhimandal svayatta midali. 1937 madhye tyache naav badaloon ireland asey karnyat aale, 1949 madhye tyane swatahla prajasattak ghoshit kele aanee tyadvare united kingdamshi konatehi ghatanatmak sambandh nasalelya british rashtrakulat manale jaane bund jhaale.
gret britton aanee irelandche united kingdam" heey naav 1927 paryant kayam rahile, jevha royal aanee sansadiy padvi kayada 1927 dware tyache naav badaloon "gret britton aanee uttar irelandche united kingdam" asey karnyat aale (jaree, katekorpane sangayache tarr, haah kayada keval rajachya padvicha aanee sansadechya navacha sandarbh dett hota). 1948 madhye cabinet sachivanchya adhyakshatekhalil eka karyakari pakshane deshache naav badaloon 'united kingdam auph gret britton andd alster' karanyachi shifaras kelee. matra, pantpradhananni yaa badalala pathimba deela nahee aanee too karnyatahi aala nahee.
1922 pasoon ekmekanpasun rajkiy swatantrya vadhat asatana aanee 1949 pasoon sampoorn rajkiy swatantrya asoonahi, yaa sanghatnene donhi deshanna anek babatint ekmekanshi jodalele sodale. irelandne 1928 teey 2001 paryant ayrish poundcha vapar keela, jevha tyachi jaaga eurone ghetali. 1979 madhye teey aii. aar. emm. madhye sameel hoiparyant, ayrish pound thet pound sterlingshee jodalela hota. 1971 madhye dashansh divashi donhi chalananche dashanshikaran ekach velee jhaale. brittenmadhil ayrish nagarikanna jawaljawal british nagarikanchya barobaricha darja aahe. teey serve nivadnukanmadhye matdan karoo shakatat aanee sansadesathi ubhehi rahoo shakatat. irelandchya prajasattakatil ayrish nagarikanpramanech british nagarikannahi samaan adhikar aahet aanee teey rashtrapatipadachya nivadanuka aanee sarvmatanvyatirikt serve nivadnukanmadhye matdan karoo shakatat. uttar irelandmadhil lokanna ayrish nagrikatvacha adhikar asoo shakato.
uttar ireland haah united kingdamcha bhag aahe. 1922 pasoon, kahivela teey swashasana upbhogat aale aahe aanee itar velee thet westminsterkadoon rajya kele gele aahe. tathapi, swatahvar rajya karat asatanahi, tyane united kingdamchya sansadet nehmich aapale pratinidhitva thewale aahe aanee 1927 pasoon, tyachya navat 'uttar ireland' samavisht kelelya deshacha bhag banala aahe.
hastantaran.
uttar ireland.
uttar ireland vidhansabha tyachya sadhyachya veshat 25 juuna 1998 roji pahilyanda nivadoon aalee aanee 1 julai 1998 roji pahilyanda bhetali. tathapi, 2 december 1999 paryant tee keval 'chhaya' swarupat astitvat hotee, jevha vidhansabhela purn adhikar denyat aale. vidhansabhechi rachana aanee adhikar uttar ireland kayada 1998 madhye namood kele aahet. vidhansabhekade vidhimandal adhikar aanee uttar ireland karyakari nivadanyachi jababdari donhi aahet.
vidhansabhela 'hastantarit baabee' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya kshamata kshetrat kayade karnyacha adhikar aahe. yaa babinmadhye westminster yetheel sansadene spashtapane rakhoon naan thevalelya konatyahi kshamatecha samavesh aahe. westminsterne rakhoon thevalele adhikar 'apavadatmak baabee' aanee 'rakheev baabee' asha vibhaganmadhye vibhagale aahet, jyaa bhavishyatil tarkhela uttar ireland vidhansabhechya kshamatekade hastantarit kelya jaau shakatat.
scotland.
1997 madhye sarvmatanantar, scoatland kayada 1998 dware scottish sansad bolavali gelee, jyamadhye scottish matdaranni hastantaranasathi matdan kele. naveen sansadechi pahili baithak 12 meey 1999 roji jhaali. westminstersathi spashtapane rakheev nasalelya serve kshetranmadhye kayade karnyacha adhikar tyala aahe. british sansad scottish sansadechya sandarbh atinmadhye sudharana karanyachi kshamata rakhoon thevate aanee jyaa kshetranmadhye tee kayade karoo shakate tyancha vistar kinwa too qamee karoo shakate.
wells.
velsasathi rashtriy vidhansabha 1998 chya wells sarkar kayadyadvare tayar karnyat aalee hotee, jee 1997 madhye sarvmatanantar aalee. wells kayada 2006 chya madhyamatoon maryadit kayada banavanyache adhikar mileparyant vidhansabhela prathamik kayada suru karnyache adhikar navhate. 3 march 2011 roji sarvamatat hokar dilyanantar tyache prathamik kayada banavanyache adhikar vadhavanyat aale, jyamule hastantarit kelelya 20 vishay kshetranmadhye yooke sansad kinwa velsasathi rajya sachivancha sallah naan gheta kayade karane shakya jhaale.
november 2019 madhye, vidhansabhene aapale naav badaloon 'senade simru' kinwa 'wells sansad' asey karnyasathi matdan kele, jyala fakt wells aanee ingraji yaa donhi bhashanmadhye senade mhanoon sambodhale jaate, naav badal 6 meey 2020 pasoon lagoo jhaala.
bhavishyakal.
scottish swatantryachi shakyata.
2014 madhye, 55 takke scottish matdaranni swatantrya sarvamatat britton sodanyas nakar deela. tathapi, 2016 chya european union sadasyatva sarvmatanantar, jyamadhye scotland tasech uttar irelandne european unionmadhye rahnyasathi matdan kele, tarr ingland aanee welsney baher padnyasathi matdan kele, tethe tethe scottish swatantrya sarvmat honyachi shakyata aahe. 2020 madhye scottish swatantryachya samarthanarth kahee matdananmadhye bahumat asalyane, tathapi, nivadnukanmadhye trutiche antar aahe aanee anekanmadhye 2014 chya sarvmatapramane 16-17-varshanchya mulancha samavesh nahee.
velsh swatantryachi shakyata.
wells yanni eae. yuu. chya sarvamatat baher padnyasathi matdan kele. tathapi, aitihasikdrushtya velshchya swatantryasathicha pathimba pramukhyane qamee aahe, 2013 madhye 10 takke aanee 2019 madhye 24 takke darmyan. 2020 madhye covid-19 mahamaricha udrek jhalyapasun, tathapi, lokpriy samarthan vadhale aahe. march 2021 madheel eka sarvekshanat asey disun aale qee, 'maheet nahee' kadhoon taklyanantar, velshache sumare 40 takke lock swatantryachya bajoone hote.
ayrish punarmilanachi shakyata.
1973 madhye, uttar irelandmadhye ayrish punarmilanababat sarvmat jhaale, jaree nikal united kingdamchya bajoone hota aanee rashtravadyanni matdanavar bahishkar takala hota. tyanantar 1998 madhye uttar ireland good fryday kararasathi sarvmat ghenyat aale, jyamadhye itar goshtimbarobarach, eka kalam samavisht hote jyamadhye asey mhatale hote qee jarr janmat sanyukt irelandchya bajoone badalalyache disun aale tarr ayrish punarmilanababat seema matdan hone aavashyak aahe.

