
siha (kibongoto)

sih kinwa sih samrajya jyala kadhikadhi kibongoto (kichggamadhye "kwamangi vaa sih"), (swahilimadhye "ufalme vaa sih") asehi sambodhale jaate, heey tanzaniyatil kilimanjaro pradeshatil haii jilhyatil aadhunik kalatil machame kaskajini prabhagat sthit eka aitihasik sarvbhoum chagga rajya hote. sih haah ushir patharachya paschimes kilimanjaro parvatavar sthit hota. mangi' yaa shabdacha arth 'kichagga' madhye raja assa hoto. heey rajya 'mangi' nagalamisathi olakhale jaate, jyala 1900 madhye german vasahatvadi rajvatine 'mangi' melisah chagga rajyanchya itar 18 netyansah fashi dilee hotee.
vihangavalokan.
kilimanjarovaril sarvat pashchimekadil prasaran kendra mhanje unch sheera pathar, jeey pracheen jwalamukhi udrekamule tekadivar nirman jhalelya unch patharanche eka vishal baher kadhalele kshetra aahe. jawal yenanya pravashansathi, pathar heey naisargik vishrantiche thikan mhanoon kaam karat asey. teey parvatachya sabhovati paschim dishene vann reshechya varchya unch savana olandun aale.
kahee lock kilimanjarochya aata rikamya asalelya uttarekadil purvichya vastee asalelya bhagatoon tethe sthalantarit jhaale asanyachihi shakyata aahe, jenekarun tethil supic gavatal pradesh talhanyasathi, jyat shatru samudayanchya hallyacha dhoka hota. kahinni sihamadhye pravesh keela aanee unch savanala chikatoon rahoon purvela sthir sthalantar kele, joparyant, vividh naisargikaritya yogya thikani padananya thikani, sihatil vividh dongral bhagat kayamswarupi swatahla sthapit karnyasathi tyanni jungle pattyatoon utaravar jaanyacha marg shodhala.
itar lock khalee sarkale aanee vanareshekhali pasarale, patharatach kayamswarupi sthayik jhaale. pashchimepasun purvekade, heey june samake, maane, kichicha, sumu, nguni aanee kyu hote; yachya khalee, tekadichya aanakhi khalee, heey mro, komboko, old vanari aanee maee hote. teey serve 'mita' navachya chhotya swatantra ardh-swayatt chhotya rajyanmadhye rahat hote.
ektritpane, yala sheera pathar pradesh mhanoon sambodhale jaau shakate, jithe rahivashancha samaan itihas tasech adviteey parampara aanee bhasha samayik hotya. sheera patharavaril lock, chagga rajyanmadhil sarvat pashchimekadil nadee asalelya sanya nadicha vapar, tyanchya godya panyacha srot mhanoon karat asat. matra, tyachya palikade, eka nagare nairobi nadiparyant pohocheparyant keval khaare pravah hote. dongarachya khalee thet pashchimekadil maidani bhagat pasarlelya jangalatil bhintimadhye haah pradesh sampushtat aala; too godya panyane nirdharit kelela eka naisargik antim bhag hota.
vishal kikafu nadee pranalivar kendrit asalela lokancha pudhcha motha samooh, purvekadil chhotya rajyanpramane, nguni aanee kyu yanchya sarvat jawal hota. oldney muruk, eka tekadi jicha masai lock aadar karatat aanee makeku, eka tekadi jee sheera pathar aanee meruche lock tyanchya darmyanchi seema manatat, tee khalee maidanavar hotee.
jangalachya kathavaril unch kshetra, visheshtah june samake, maane, nguni aanee kyu (kichicha aanee sumu hii viral loksankhya hotee), heey sarvat jaast kaal vastavya kelele kshetra hote. yaa uchch kshetrantil pratyekjan sarkhach hota. teey varchya bhagat rahile jethe aavashyak asalyas, teey shantpane tyanchya guranna jangalat lutaryanpasun lapavoo shakat hote aanee tyanchi bhasha aanee pratha samaan hotee. atyant poorves rahana durgam nagaseni aanee useri rajye haah yaa lokancha kilimanjaroshi asalela dusra sambandh hota. teey dongarachya pathila vedhalelya eka unch payathyane jodalele hote. varchya bhagatil vasahatichya yaa chhotya chhotya bhaganni, jeey unch, durvar, puranmatvadi aanee sarvat jawalun vastee asalelya vasahatinni, sampoorn kshetrala tyache naav dile asave.
vyutpatti.
jaree yaa bhagala kahee kaal kibongoto mhatale jaat hote. purviche naav, siha, aajahi sthanik lock satatyane vapartat. yala yach navanehi olakhale jaat asey aanee useri lock tyala 'seeta' mhanat asat. too kilimanjarochya bahereel bhagat, jangalatil eka kopyat unchavar sthit asalyane, 'seeta' heey naav 'laa seeta' yaa masai shabdashi sambandhit asoo shakate, jyacha arth 'kopyat kahitari lapalele' kinwa 'lapalela desh' assa hoto."sheera pathar pradesh" yaa shabdaivaji sih vaparale jaau shakate kaaran tethil samuday nehmich hetch naav vaparato.
19vya shatkat vaparla jaanara 'sheera' kinwa 'siira' haah shabd sihavarun aala asava. yaa bhagatil nguni aanee kyu lock tasech itar lokanna aaj ektritpane "sih" mhanoon sambodhale jaate. yavyatirikt, teey sih samrajyacha sandarbh dete, jyamadhye 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat eka alikadil ekikrut ghatak asalelya nguni aanee kyuucha samavesh nahee. yaa rajyala kibongoto asehi naav aahe, jithe tethe aalelya pahilya european sthalantaritanni komboko mta mhanoon chukicha uchchar keela. aadhunik nakashanvar aanee prashasakeey nondinmadhye, kibongoto heey sadhya vaparale jaanare naav aahe, tarihi dongravar, tyaeivaji siha nehmich vaparale jaate. siha jilhyala purvichya samrajyache naav denyat aale aahe.
sihache pramukh kula.
suruvatiche purvaj eka vishisht mataa yethe utarale aanee sthayik jhaale aanee tevhapasoon tyanche vanshaj tethe shantpane ekatra rahat aale aahet. kula shaktishali hote aanee aajahi aahet. manemadhil nikini aanee mamari kula, ngunimadhil nathai kula, kyu madheel munu kula aanee junya vanarimadhil mwandari kulasah oreo, kilio aanee masaki kula ajunahi junya samkemadhye sakriy aahet. maane, komboko, mro, old vanari aanee maae yethe rahnare fakt kahee mmr kula sadasya aahet.
1960 madhye emm. emm. aar. kulamadhye 500 purush kardatya hotya. tyanche sarvat mothe praman samkechya agadi khalee asalelya emm. tii. aii. aii. maravmadhye hote, jithe teey emm. tii. aii. aii. chya 600 purush kardatyanpaiki andaje 150 hote, jyamule teey sarvat jaast loksankhya asalele kula banale. yaulat, nikini aanee kileeo kulanmadhye anukrame 50 aanee 60 purush kardatya hotya aanee nathai kulat sumare 100 purush kardatya hotya.
tathapi, purv kikafu khoyatil pramukh kulanchya pramanachya tulanet hii sankhya fikat aahe. nantarchya kulancha motha aakar haah tyanni ektyane naan jaata eka gatane deshat pravesh keela aanee eka samaan mahan purvaj samayik keela yaa vastusthitishi sambandhit aahe qaa heey jaanun ghene manoranjak tharel, jyacha parinam ekte purvajanchya swatantra aagamanane nirman jhalelya asankhya lahan kulanaivaji kahee mothya kulanchi nirmiti karanyachi pravrutti houu shakate.
serve sih kulanna asey vatate qee teey sheera patharavarun aale aahet. patharavar tyanchi pooja sthale unch aahet aanee tethe ajunahi yaa purvichya vastiche avashesh aahet, jase qee khadde, khadde aanee chagga pavitra vanaspati "masala" (draken fragrance) lagwad. purvi, teey patharavar sarvatra rahat asat, tarr useri rahivasi dusya bajula rahat asat. jevha adhik mokali jaaga upalabdh hotee tevha teey pashudhanache sangopan karat aanee unch savana yethe rahat asat. tevhapasoon, jungle varchya aanee khalchya donhi bajunni vadhale aahe.
kutumbanmadhye, mool kula kinwa itar purvajancha sambandh navhata. tathapi, samanyatah asey manya kele jaate qee, pathar sodoon sihamadhye sthayik honare nikini kula heey pahile hote. pahilya purvajanchya saat pidhya, sarvat prasiddha aanee aadaraniy vansh asalelya nikiniche yaa granthat smaran kele jaate. too vava mhanoon olakhalya jaananya patharavaril eka thikanahun utarala, joou laal ghaan asalela khula bhag hota joou yaa pradeshatil geruchya ekmev srot mhanoon kaam karat hota. tyala daat zaade aanee asankhya bamboone vedhalele hote.
serve sih lokanni nikinichya vanshajanna tyanchya vatine vava yethe yadnya karnyasathi aanee pavitra jyot gheuun parat yenyasathi shodhale kaaran too pavitra agni nirman karanyachi bhetvastu tyachyabarobar gheuun aala hota, jee tyachya vanshajanna dilee jaanar hotee. nikinikade guranche mothe kalap hote aanee too eka yashasvi shetkari hota joou shengdane aanee aleucine pikavat asey. mataa maane yethe pohochanara too pahila vyakti hota aanee tyacha kula agni sanskar rakhanyasathi aanee lagvadisathi rahila.
saat pidhya orio kulatil pahilya purvaj oriochya aagmanakade valatat. too khalee utarala aanee sadhyachya vann simechya agadi palikade, pracheen samkemadhye siikii navachya thikani thambla. tethe tyanni eka mulga sodala. teey jithe kuthe gele, oriochya mulanni itaranvar rajya kele, sthanikanni tyanna tyanchya ladhanyachya parakramane navhe tarr tyanchya sampattimule, mhanje tyanchya guranni mhanoon sweekarle. orio swatah kiboshola gelyanantar, tyachi mule kilimanjarovar mothya pramanat pasarali. parinami, junya samake vyatirikt kibosho, mbokomu, keenee aanee mvika yaa bhashanmadhye oreo kulala mahatva midale.
aakhyayikenusar, orio haah eka unch manus hota joou guranche mothe kalap tasech dhanushya aanee baana gheuun sikimadhye aala hota. too masai asalyache manale jaate. sihamadhil tyache purvaj oriochya aagmanachya chaloo smaranotsav samarambhancha eka bhag mhanoon yadnya samarambh karat rahatat. teey dhanushya aanee baana gheuun sikila jaatat, jithe teey masei bomachi aathvan karoon denanya katyachya kumpanane vedhalele eka laghu mandir ubharatat. masai kralmadhye lavalele eka zadahi gharachya jawal thewale jaate. oriochya pashudhanache pratibimb dakhavanyasathi tyanni gharat bharpur jangali berries thevalya. tarunanna sakali guranna odhat asalyasarkhe vishisht paddhatine berries uchalayala shikavale jaate aanee sandhyakali tyanna guranna odhat asalyasarkhe berries parat thevanyas bhag padale jaate. parinami, orio hii eka masai hotee asey manale jaate.
munu jamatipramanech, nathai kula purvela rahat hote aanee daat jangalanchya vartulamule itar sheera patharavaril rahivashanpasun sharirikdrushtya vegale hote. smaranat asalelya pidhyannusar, sarvat junya manalya jaananya nikini kulapurvi nathai kulane aapale ghar banavale. jarr asey asel tarr, pavitra agniche rakshak mhanoon nathai kulane nikini kulala dilelya samarpanasathi spashtikaran shodhane aavashyak aahe, jeey sampoorn pradeshat vanshala midalelya uchch sanmanacha paya mhanoon kaam karate.
nagunimadhil nathai kula heey orio kulapeksha june aahe aanee tyanna eka ullekhaneey varsa aahe. pahilya purvaj ondumaichya aagmanaparyant nauu pidhya mage yacha shodh lavala jaau shakato. too masai yethoon parvatachya varchya parvatarangela olandun aala asalyacha dekhil dawa keela jaato. too kirakwa navachya thikancha hota, joou sanya nadichya paschimes vanachya simejaval aahe. tyane nagunichya varchya unch gavatal pradeshat aapale ghar banavale. tyache vanshaj mariko paach pidhyannantar naguni yethe sthayik jhaale. jamaat tyanchya guranna masai mhanoon charavanyasathi ngunila aalee kaaran tyanna tithe changla khula bhoobhag sapadala hota.
jyapramane nathai kula nehmich nagunimadhil pramukh kula rahila aahe, tyach prakare munuo kula heey nehmich jawalchya mta, kyuvumadhil pramukh kula rahile aahe. pahila purvaj kisangus haah saat pidhyanpaiki pahila manla jaato. tyacha ugam kibo (kilimanjarocha sarvoch bindu) yethoon jhalyache mhatale jaate aanee tyane moolatah tyache ghar matikoni yethe banavale, jeey kishenge aanee kawa yaa odhyanchya darmyan vasalelya ngunimadhil nathai vanshachya purvekadil thikan aahe. tyacha eka mulga dongravar aanakhi khalee utarlyanantar kyuvu yethe sthayik jhaala.
masaki kula haah pahilya purvaj macuracha aahe, joou chaar pidhyanpurvi utarala aanee too madh-shikari aanee aleucine, shengdane aanee kelicha shetkari hota parantu guranmadhye tyachi sampatti qamee hotee. emm. emm. aar. kula haah pahila purvaj lakannacha aahe, joou sahaa pidhyanpurvi patharavarun utarala aanee eka yoddha, eka mahan gurakhi aanee madh-shikari hota.
sihamadhil pratyek pramukh kulala eka aagalevegale kaam purn karayache hote. lamb pavasat biyane lavnare aanee qamee pavasat munu lavnare masakya heey pahile hote, jeey bakichyansathi peranichi vel aalee aahe yache sanket hote. pavitra agni nirman karnyasathi nikini kula jababdar hota. emm. emm. aar. laa chhape takanyache kaam denyat aale hote. sihamadhil lohar vanshaheen aanee ekmekanpasun vegale hote. teey 'vasuru' kinwa 'lohar' kula hote aanee tyanna itar lokanshi konatehi sambandh thevanyas manai hotee. teey itar kulanshi kadhihi misalanar naheet. teey jithe mataa maymadhye rahat hote tithe varr-khalee jaanyasathi tyanchyakade swatacha eka anokha marg dekhil hota.
suruvatipasunach, kilimanjarochya sarvat pashchimekadil binduvar asalelya siha loksankhyene, purvekadil sarvat durchya binduvar asalelya nagaseni aanee useri loksankhyeshi maitri rakhali aahe. dongarachya pathila vedhalelya eka unch payathyabaddal teey ekmekanshi bolale. haah marg mataa maane yethoon suru jhaala aanee phuga aanee kasisa nadyanchya dyanmadheel dareet chadhala. tee serve gaulinmadhun, jangalatoon varr chadhali aanee nantar tyachya varr, unch savanachya gavatal pradeshatoon varr gelee. tyanantar, teey dongarache vartul purn karnyasathi aanee nagaseniparyant pohochanyasathi khalchya dishene ghasarale.
payavatane haah marg manepasoon varr ghetala kaaran tyachya poorves, vishal dyaa hotya aanee tyachya paschimes, ol molog yethe, eka samayik shatru masai aanee anek sinh aanee bibate hote. haah marg manechya varr, unch savanachya varr, nairo aanee nagaluma lenyanmadhun gela. asey mhatale jaate qee, 1894 madhye parvatacha shodh ghetana, capt. 1890 chya dashakat moshimadhye kaam karnare sarvat prasiddha german adhikari johannes yanni yaa guhet eka petty lapavali hotee asey mhatale jaate.
yaa done thikananche durvarchya kalat tethe rahnare aanee ekmekanshi sanvad sthapit karnare pahile purush mhanje nairo, manecha eka manus aanee nagaluma, nagaseni kinwa usericha eka manus. siha lock 'kasingireni' navachya bajarpethet nagaseni aanee useri yanchyashi vyapar karat asat, jeey eka 'chhote vyapari thikan' hote aanee chakoo, bhale, talwari aanee shise yasarkhya shastranchya badalyat koradya kelee aanee shenga deu karat asat. aaj bajaracha konatahi thasa astitvat naslyamule, hii katha purvajankadun pudhe aalee hotee.
sih, nagaseni aanee useri lock tyanchya guranchi halchal karnyasathi yaa margacha vapar karat asat jenekarun itar lock tyanchya rashtranmadhye chhapyanchya velee tyanna lapavoo shaktil. 19vya shatkat vividh sih loksamuhanvar varush, mahan hallekhor, tasech kahee prasangi masai, mangi endeseruachya karkirditil machame aanee mangi sinachya karkirditil kibosho yanni veloveli chhape takale. yamule sih, nagaseni aanee useri heey kilimanjarovaril itar konatyahi gatapeksha mothya pramanat pashupalak bananyacha pathpurava karat, vishisht dukanatoon khalle jaanare chagga parampareaivaji tyanche prani rund shetat charvat hote. teey dongarachya bahereel pankhanvar rahat asat. tyanna sanvad sadhanyat farsa tras jhaala nahee kaaran kisha aanee chumban bhashanmadhye lakshaniy samya hote aanee aahet. tyahunahi aashcharyakarak mhanje, kahee sih lokanna kingasa, nagaseni lock bolatat tee anokhi chagga bolibhasha aanee dongaravaril sarvat vichitra bhashik vichitrata samajoon gheta aalee.
dharm aanee pratha.
vichitra mhanje, sih haah kilimanjarochya kshetrashi sambandhit hota joou tyachyapasun sarvat door hota. kilimanjarovar, visheshtah dagadala shaap denyachya aanee agnipujanachya prathanmadhye, pratha mhanoon sih adviteey hota. pratyek velee jevha deshat ashubh shakun, dushkal kinwa mahamari yasarkhya vichitra ghatana ghadatat, tevha pavitra agni prajvalit keela jaato. yaa velee nikini kulane serve sih rahivashansathi prathna karane apekshit hote.
asha aapattichya velee, pramukh kulatil vadildhanyanna jamavalelya lokanchya vatine balidan denyachi vinanti karnyat aalee hotee. vadildhari lock nantar vava yethe jaat asat, jithe teey eka mendhar balee dett aanee done kathya ekatra ghasoon pavitra agni prajvalit karat. lock tyanche swagat karnyasathi baher gele, jevha teey eka jalat asaleli mashal gheuun paratale. kihubihu navachya maane yetheel adnyat thikani aag lavnyasathi nikini vadildhanyanni yaa mashalcha vapar keela. kihubihu yetheel mandir eka mothe zaad aanee kahee zudape tayar karatat, jeey maidani bhagatoon meru aanee masalandche aashcharyakarak drushya asalele eka unch khule kuran aahe.
kihubihu yethe kadhihi naan vizanari aag pratyek mta laa eka vishisht divasasathi upalabdh karoon denyat aalee hotee jenekarun teey yeuun naveen aag gola karoo shaktil. tyanantar, deshala aapattipasun mukt karnyache prateek mhanoon, gharanmadhye jalat asalelya serve pracheen aagee vizavanyat aalya aanee rakh vikhurlya gelya. done kinwa teen mulanni kihubihu yethoon eka mashal ghetali aanee tee pratyek mataa yethe aanali jithe tyanni ughadya golibar keela. lokanni yacha vapar tyanchya nivassthananmadhye taji aag lavnyasathi keela. yanantar, nikini kulatil vadildhanyanni eka nishkalank mendhu marla aanee tyache malmutra aanee rakt eka containermadhye vividh vanaspati aanee panyasobat misalale. mug, hatat calabash gheuun, pratyek emm. tii. aii. neey kahee mishrane gola karnyasathi eka purush, eka mulga aanee eka mulgi pathavali.
teey pratyek gharat firale, calabashmadhye kahee paaney budavali aanee sandhyakalchya kahee velapurvi teey tyanchya matavar paratale tevha rahivashanchya nakalat gharat mishran shimpadale jenekarun teey disu shakanar naheet. teen divas tyanni pahatechya velee yaa sohalyachi punaravrutti kelee. pratyek mathatil vadildhanyanni samarambhapurvi jaheer kele qee too eka vishisht divashi suru hoil aanee konatyahi bahereel vyaktine lagech nighun jaave kaaran samarambhadarmyan tyanna tase karanyachi parvanagi dilee jaanar nahee. jarr ekhadya anolakhi vyakticha pathlag keela jaat asel tarr too sampel toparyant tyala rahane aavashyak hote. yaa kalat konalahi tyanchya gharatoon kahihi gheuun jaanyachi parvanagi navhati.
naguni aanee kyu yetheel rahivashanni mashal petvanyasathi tyancha doot kihubihula pathavun yaa paramparet bhag ghetala. tyanantar teen bajunni kadyanni vedhalelya eka unch natyamay shikharavar, ngunimadhil eka netradipak thikani mothee aag lavnyasathi yaa jwalacha vapar karnyat aala. agnidware bhakti aanee shuddikaranachi hii pratha kilimanjaro parvatavar itar konihi palali hotee heey adnyat aahe. naveen lutheran mohimene hii pratha sampushtat aanali aanee lokanchya vicharanvar tyachya prabhavache heey lakshan asoo shakate qee mohimene siha, rajyachi pahili khrishchan chauki, agnipujechya durvarchya kendramadhye, mta maane yethe aapale pahile padd sthapit karnyacha nirnay ghetala. pahilya mahayuddhapurvi, jevha hii parampara shevatchi vaparali gelee hotee, tevha moshimadhye kaam karananya eka german prashasakeey adhikaone siha lokanna andaj vartavala hota qee tyanna march 1910 madhye eka shooting starr disel. jevha heey ghadale, tevha siha lokanni nikini kulala dawa yethe balidanache netrutva karnyas sangitale kaaran tyanna vishvas hota qee tyanantar rog yeil.
sihamadhye dagadanna shaap denyachi parampara agnipujechya ulat kilimanjarochya tyaa pradeshasathi adviteey hotee. pratyek chhotya matabarobar eka 'patang' shapastambh hota. lava khadakacha done-muthya aakaracha goal tukada aanee madhyabhagi eka chhidra, haah dagadacha eka adviteey prakar hota. mataa madheel kula ekatra yetat aanee dagadala sanrakshn denyasathi aanee gupt thikani jatan karnyasathi eka kula nivadatat. snrakshak kulatil sadasyanmadhyehi, phaar qamee lokanna too kuthe aahe yachee mahitee hotee. hatya aanee chorisarkhya gunhyanmadhil dosh olakhane haah tyacha uddesh hota.
vadildhanyanni shaap samarambh aayojit karnyachya tyanchya ichchhechi done kinwa teen aathvade aadhi ghoshana kelee aanee sangitale qee jyane tyane ayogya vaganuk dilee aahe asey manale tyala vidhipurvi pashchattap karanyachi sandhee aahe. thodya pramanat puud kadhanyasathi, jevha tyanni tyachya aateel prushthbhagavar orkhade kadhale tevha vadildhanyanni too dagad vishisht velechya jawal lapalelya thikani nela. tyanantar balala janm naan denanya eka bakyachi hatya karnyat aalee. tyanni tyache rakt, tyachya antargat avayavanmadhil mull, puud, kahee aushadhi vanaspati aanee kiboi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya eka adviteey zyanche paanee ekatra kele. haah mishra padarth jamanyachya thikani aananyat aala hota, jithe samarambh eka calabashmadhye honar hota.
vadildhanyanni shaap samarambh aayojit karnyachya tyanchya ichchhechi done kinwa teen aathvade aadhi ghoshana kelee aanee sangitale qee jyane tyane ayogya vaganuk dilee aahe asey manale tyala vidhipurvi pashchattap karanyachi sandhee aahe. thodya pramanat puud kadhanyasathi, jevha tyanni tyachya aateel prushthbhagavar orkhade kadhale tevha vadildhanyanni too dagad vishisht velechya jawal lapalelya thikani nela. tyanantar balala janm naan denanya eka bakyachi hatya karnyat aalee. tyanni tyache rakt, tyachya antargat avayavanmadhil mull, puud, kahee aushadhi vanaspati aanee kiboi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya eka adviteey zyanche paanee ekatra kele. haah mishra padarth jamanyachya thikani aananyat aala hota, jithe samarambh eka calabashmadhye honar hota. jaree mita ekatra kelya gelya asalya taree, pratyek pracheen, aata budalela mataa swatacha "patang" chalvat aahe aanee dagadapasun tyache swatantrya rakhato.
1958 madhye teen vegvegalya thikani pruthvivar puralelya shilalekhanne gundallelya teen kombadyanchi doki sapadlyanantar, junya mataa maymadhye (aata mataa vanaricha eka bhag) 'patang' vaparla gela, joou mantravidhyecha swahili prakar manla jaat hota. samarambhadarmyan konihi doshi siddha karnyasathi pudhe aale nasale taree, chorila gelele panga aanee madhmashya akheris parat karnyat aalya.
suruvatichya done loksankhya asalelya thikane, maane aanee june samke, sihchya ghatanatmak itihasavar aanee tyacha vikas ekach sardarpadi varchasva gajavanyasathi aale. dusarikade, junya gavanvar tyancha samaan dawa asalyane naguni aanee kyu yanna tyanchya purvekadil kikafu khonyachya lokanchya kakshet odhale gele. yaa farkacha eka majboot bhaugolik ghatak aahe. vayvyekadil durchya kopyat maane aanee samke tainat hote.
nguni aanee kyu heey purvekadil chhotya siha patharachya shejari asalyasarkhe hote. khalchya utaranvar tyanchya khalee asalelya donhi daldalichya pradeshanni aanee tyanchya paschimela jangalanchya daat pattyane tyanche sanrakshn kele hote, joou tyanchya aanee urvarit sihamadhye adthala mhanoon kaam karat hota. parantu purvekade, teey jawalchya kikafu khoyatil rahivashanchya samparkat aale, jyanni haloohaloo tyanche vyavhar kase chalavale jaat hote yavar prabhav padala.
19vya shatkat, nagunimadhil sattadhari kula, aanee kyuvumadhil sattadhari kula, munu yaa doghannihi chhote sardar nirman kele; tathapi, jevha 1900madhye siha eksandh sardar banale, tevha tyanna tyatoon vagalanyat aale aanee tyaeivaji machemechya sardarpadacha bhag mhanoon kikafu khoyatil lokansah gatbaddh karnyat aale. yaa chhotya sardaranna tyanchya pashchimekadil, sheera pathar pradeshatil itaratra sattadhari kulanmadhun udayas aalelya sardaranpramanech darja hota. nguni aanee kyu vyatirikt, orio, kileeo, mamari aanee mawandari kula heey pramukh kula hote, jyapaiki sihamadhye adhikar badaltat. madhalya utaranvar rahana mawandari kula vagalata yaa sarvanchya fandya junya samake aanee mainechya unchivar parat jaatat.
tyancha bhootkal kilimanjaromadhye kahee pramanat asamanya asha tivra aantar-kula shatrutvanmadhye ekagrata darshavito. yache kaaran asey qee, mothya pramanat sardarpadachya bahereel prabhavamule, 19 vya shatkatil paramparik vaimansya 20 vya shatkaparyant chaloo rahile. sadhyachya shatkat konatyahi kulala anek rajyakartyancha varsa midavata aalela nahee, yacha arth assa qee konihi aapali sthitee itaki majboot keleli nahee qee too itihasacha eka sthapit drushtikon itaranvar ladoo shakel joou velenusar atishayoktipurna aahe. yacha parinam assa hoto qee bhootkal dirgh karnyaivaji purvanishchit keela jaato, jyaa aathvani ekach mukhya strotavar kendrit honyaeivaji ekach velee suru asalelya asankhya shatrutvanchya hitsambandhanmadhye vikhuralelya asatat-eka sattadhari rajvanshache badalatya nashib.
santulit chitra tayar karnyasathi puresha vaividhyapurn swarsyancha samavesh karnyacha fayda sihala aahe. kulatil jyeshth, jyala "makkeku vaa kyungu" kinwa "gatatil jyeshth" mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, tee ekekali sarvat aadaraniy vyakti hotee. tyanantar, 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat alpavadhitach, teen raje sattevar aale, jyapaiki pratyekane tyanchya yashache shrey, arusha juuu (aadhunik kalatil arusha) yethe masai kinwa varushasobat rahat asatana vikasit kelelya savayinna dile. kaaran tyanchyapaiki eka, emm. emm. ducio, yane tyaa kalat jagalyache dnyat asalelya mabatian navachya masai mansasamvet maitri karoon tyacha darja prapt keela, haah kalavadhi nishchit keela jaau shakato.
sih rajvansh.
junya samkemadhil kileeo kulatil emm. emm. ducio, masaicha laibon, mabatian, joou tyaveli ol mologmadhye rahat hota, tyachyasobat, aata dnyat asalelya thikani gela. tevhapasoon sihache rajya teen bhaganmadhye vibhagale gele aahe. geru samanyatah emm. tii. chya varr asalelya vava yethoon kharedi kele jaat asey. maane, masai aanee samke yaa doghandware. sihala paratalyanantar emm. emm. ducio kifufu yetheel khulya nivassthani rahayala gela. naguni lokanchi (aata masama rajyacha eka bhag) eka mangi, jee mashame rajyane aaplya rashtravar kelelya chhapyanantar aaplya kahee lokansah paschimekade paloon gelee hotee aanee tyachya mrutyuparyant kifufu yethe rahat hotee.
emm. emm. ducio samake yethe paratatach, tethil tinhi kulanni-tyanche swatache kileeo kula, orio kula aanee masake kula-tyanna tyanche nete mhanoon nivadle kaaran teey masai lokanche paramparik upcharak asalelya libonsobat rahat hote heey dnyat hote. tyachya karkirdit samakevar masai hallah jhaala nahee kaaran tyane lybone mabatianla madh bhetvastu deuun tyachyashi sauhardpurn sambandh thewale. chagganchya maukhik paramparanmadhye jyaa done masai lybonechi nave varanvar namood kelee jaatat, tee mhanje mabatian aanee lenana.
eka pratispardhi oreo kulatil sadasyane samakemadhye emm. emm. duciochi hatya kelee aanee yach kulane tyanantarchya shaktishali netyala, kiremala janm deela. tyane arusha joomadhye kahee kaal varash yuddh samrajyasobat vastavya kele. tyanchya lashkari dhoranancha abhyas kelyanantar, too sihala paratala aanee sthanikanna sanghatit aanee prashikshit kele. samkemadhye itar done kulanna parabhoot karnyapurvi tyane pratham aaplya kulatil sadasyanna tayar kele. tyachi pratishtha vadhali aanee varchya pradeshane tyala aapala pramukh mhanoon manyata dilee. nantar, tyane tyacha mulga maletua yachya bajoone tyag keela, joou kahee kalanantar samakehoon vanarila gela aanee nantar tyala sudbuddhine vish pajanyat aale, bahudha killio kulatil sadasyane.
khalchya utaranvar samakechya dakshines asalelya komboko mta yethe rahana mamari kulatil sayela nantar niyantran midale. kirima aanee saee heey doghehi ekach velee arusha joomadhye rahat hote. kombokovaril tyanchya eka chhapyadarmyan tyala varushanni qaid kele aanee tyanni vadhavale, jithe too tyanchi yuddh ranniti shikala aanee eka atishay kushal ladhvayya mhanoon vikasit jhaala. tyane aaplya lokanna gharee aalyavar varshachi chinta naan karnyache vachan dile kaaran too tyanna tyanchyashi kase ladhayche teey shickwell. vadildhanyanni sahmati darshavali aanee lokanna kattal karnyasathi aanee khayala denyasathi sayela anek gure dilee. deshbharat sanrakshn khandak kase tayar karave heey tyanni tyanna dakhavun dile. tyanantar tyane itar vasaranchi kattal kelee aanee pratyek ladhvayyala tyanchya samore pasarlelya stanachya mansacha eka bhag kapanyache aavhan dile. pratyekjan gela aanee eka tukada kapla, mhanala, "mea agadi shevatparyant tumchyasathi tithe asen."
varshanni batami pathavali qee tyancha eka divas tyanchya prathepramane sihavar hallah karnyacha tyancha hetu aahe. sayane aaplya sainikanna varshapramanech, teey dhaal aahet aanee masaisarkhi rachana tayar karnyache aadesh dile. tyane tyanna varshala thet khandakanmadhye kooch karanyachi parvanagi denyachi soochana kelee aanee varshala maroon serve kahee spasht karnyapurvi tyanna ladhait sahbhagi honyas manai kelee. parinami, pratyek matabhovati bandhalelya golakar aavaranmadhye pravesh karnyasathi varushala patvoon denyat aale. jevha sayane hallah karnyacha aadesh deela, tevha teey ekmekanmadhye farak karoo shakat naslyamule teey dishahin jhaale. khandakanmadhye tyancha pathlag keela gela aanee tyanchi hatya karnyat aalee. yaa kalat, siha ajunahi eka hatachya rundipeksha thode mothe chhote bhale asalele lahan bhale vaparat hota. tyapaiki kahee sthanik loharanni meimadhye tayar kelee hotee, parantu rashtrala shastrasajj karnyasathi pureshi navhati; bahutansh shastre userikadoon aanee kahee kiboshomadhun aalee hotee.
siechya karkirdipurvi sih lokanni itar konatyahi rashtravar aakraman kelele nahee. tyanchya suruvatichya chhapyat tyane aaghadi ghetali. matchamchya mangy endeseruacha bhau mangaro haah purushanchya eka gatasah vimanane aala. tyachya vinantivarun sayane tyala mataa mro yethe rahnyasathi jaaga dilee. tyanantar, tyachya bhavachya swatahsathichya purushpradhan rajvativar kabja karnyasathi, tyane sayichya madatichi vinanti kelee.
sayane purvekade done halle kele. pratham, tyane lavti nadee olandali aanee mothya sankhyene guransah paratat, namvi nadiparyant (1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat jeey masama rajyache prashasakeey mukhyalay banale) gela. mangaro tyachya bajula asatana, tyane dusya chhapyavar, kikafu nadichya khol khonyatoon masham sardaranchya rajyat pravesh keela. jevha saye aanee tyachya serve sainyane nadee olandali, tevha endeseruane aaplya yoddhyanna hallah thambavanyas sangitale. tyanna lavkarach vedha ghatala gela aanee tyanna baher kase jayache heey maheet naslyamule, tyanchyapaiki kahee vagalata sarvanchi kattal karnyat aalee. matra, tyanchyapaiki kahijan maidani bhagakade paloon jaanyat, paschimekade valanyat aanee punha dongravar chadhun sihala jaanyat yashasvi jhaale hote.
yaa sangharshala saiyeche naav aahe kaaran too piditanpaiki eka hota. tyala sihcha pahila kharaa mahan yoddha manale jaate. jevha konee kahitari sadhya karnyasathi balacha vapar karato, tevha 'tumhi sayisarkhe balacha vapar qaa karata jyane aaplya lokanna ladhanyas bhag padale aanee tyaa sarvancha kikafumadhye naash jhaala' hii mhan ajunahi vaparali jaate.
sayachya nidhananantar desh ashantatet budala kaaran fakt vruddha purush rahile. jaminichya kahee bhaganche prashasana kulatil vadildhadhyandvare kele jaat asey. kahee kalanantar, tyanna mamari kulatil mangi nagalami mhanoon nivadanyat aale. too sayecha natevaik, tyach vayacha aanee sayepramanech komboko rahivasi hota. suruvatila samake vagalata sampoorn deshavar tyache sampoorn niyantran hote. yacha arth assa qee komboko, mro, vanari aanee maisah serve khalchya mitavar tasech samake, maane aanee kichicha yanchya shejari asalelya kadachit done varchya mitavar tyache niyantran hote, 31 urvarit sumuchi loksankhya tyaa velee farach viral hotee. nagalamine khoop dirgh kaal satatyane rajya karane apekshit hote.
1891 madhye german sainyane kiboshocha adhikrutpane parabhav nondavalyanantar aalelya pahilya german adhikadhyanchya aagmanapurvi tyachya rajvatitil ghatana vicharat gheuun, ngalamichya rajvatichi suruvat bahudha 1880 chya dashakat kadhee taree jhaali asavi asey manale jaau shakate (kadachit 1870 chya dashakat honyachi shakyata qamee asali taree). 1900 paryant tyanni rajya kele, jevha german sarkarne tyanna aanee itar kilimanjaro netyanna fashi dilee, jyamule tyanna kiman daha varshe akhandit rajya midale.
nagalamichi satta kadhikadhi binvirodh hotee. bahutek vela, tyache sihavar keval anshatah niyantran hote, jaree tyateel bahutansh, tarr vividh vyakti junya samkemadhye aanee ekada vanarimadhye yet aanee jaat asat, jyapaiki pratyekane tethe mangichya swatantra adhikarancha kahee kaal vapar keela. nagalamichya rajvatichya satatyamule haah kaal ekatra aanala jaato. 19vya shatkachya madhyapasoon sihchya itihasachi vyakhya karananya teen kalkhandanpaiki haah dusra kaal aahe. jevha nagalamila pahilyanda mangi mhanoon nivadanyat aale tevha samakeche rahivasi tyanchyavar rajya karnyasathi orio kulatil liliochi nivad karatat. yaa done manginni sihavar niyantran midvanyasathi ladha deela, tarr pahile arab sthalantarit aale.
teey vayvyekadoon nagare nairobichya dishene aale aanee tyanni pahilyandach sanya nadichya agadi paschimes maidani pradeshat, sadhyache siha jilha tapal karyalay jithe aahe tyaa jawal tall ubharala. tyanni shiseche bracelet, lokhandi taar, lokhandi manee, kapad aanee suya aanalya. sih lock gulam aanee hastidant yancha vyapar karat asat. nantarchya vasahati sadhyachya bajarpethechya thikanajaval, kombokomadhil sanya nadichya poorves, junya samakechya darmyan, unch bandhalya gelya. arabanchya aagmanapurvi masalandmadhye tivra dushkal padala hota aanee parinami, masai mahila aanee mule sihala paloon gelee hotee.
sih lokanni tyanna gulam mhanoon arbankade vikale. nantar, tyanchya manginni shastranchya badalyat tyanche lock arbankade vikale, jyamule tyanche varchasva drudh jhaale. sihala bhet denari pahili pandhari vyakti tyanchya dusya bhetidarmyan arbansobat hotee. jevha samakechya rahivashanna jawal yet asalelya ranganchya vastoo disalya, tevha tyanni liliochya deshbharachya snrakshak khandak bandhanyasathi vaparat asalele falak japt kele. tyaa pandhya manasacha askari ranshingada vajavat hota. shaharatil lock ghabarale aanee tyanni partyla aat yeu denyasathi takte kadhoon takale.
mangi, pandhya manasachi chaukashi karat aahe. lilio mage hutla hota. tyachya jaagi tyacha pracheen chulat bhau, eka majee pramukh, kirima udayas aala. pandhya mansachya kahee chikatinantar, lilio udayas aala. bhetvastu badalalya gelya asalya taree, tyaa pandhya mansachya bhetiche kaaran goodh rahile. teen divasannantar, tyacha kafila khalee utarala aanee tyane vanari yethe tall thokala. tyanantar, too kibosho mhanoon chaloo rahila.
tyaa velee sih lokanni kilimanjaro dongravar rahana pandhya vyaktibaddal kadhich aikale navhate, jee yaa vastusthitichi eka manoranjak bajoo hotee qee tyanche useriitke durchya lokanshi sambandh asale taree, tyanchya jawalchya shejayanshi, kikafuchya palikade rahana machemshi tyanche konihi navhate. anyatha, tyanni rebman aanee wonn dair decken yanchya anukrame 1848-1849 aanee 1861 madhye tees varshanpurvichya matchamchya dauyambaddal aikale asate. jevha lilio marla gela, tevha rajvanshacha padav jhaala. tyane mtaa vanarimadhye mawandari kulatil eka kuleen (kichggamadhye 'najma') vyaktichi hatya kelee hotee. tyachya vadilanchya hatyecha achook suud ghenyasathi, yaa manasacha mulga nkunde yane tyachya raktaranjit bhavashi sampark sadhanyasathi dongarachya payathyabhovati unch margavar pravas keela.
jevha too parat aala, tevha tyane aata masamacha bhag asalelya mtaa kyoochya madatine liliochi hatya kelee. lilio kibosho rajvansh, orio kula, yach kulatil hota. tyaa velee, kilimanjarochya mahan vyaktinpaiki eka, mangi siina, tyachya avishvasaniy pradirgh rajvatichya shikharavar hota. liliochya nidhananantarchya divashi kiboshoche lock yogyaritya aale aanee tyanni eka divas dukarache maans khaun ghalavala. tyanantar teey liliocha mulga maimbe aanee tyachya vishvasoo sainikanna sobat gheuun kiboshola paratale.
lagechach, mangi nagalamine samakeche chhote sardarpad tabyat ghetale aanee nakundene swatahla vanaricha mangi mhanoon niyukt kele. too samkemadhil eka ugra aanee lokpriy yoddha asalyane kahee lock nakundemadhye sameel honyasathi vanarila gele. 1890 chya dashakat aapan yaa done manginchya niyantranakhali pravesh karato, kombokopasoon urvarit sihavar rajya karnare vannery aanee nagalamivar prabhutva asalele nakunde. german 1891 chya sumaras aale. purvi arbansobat sihala gelelya swahili fundey yanni tyancha neta mhanoon kaam kele.
liliocha mulga mambase kiboshola pravas karnare lock germananni kiboshovar vijay midavala tevha tyanni ladhait bhag ghetala aanee gharee paratalyavar tyanni siha lokanna german aalyavar ishara denyas aanee konatahi pratikar karnyas sangitale. germananna donhi manginni changla pratisad deela, suruvatila jevha tyancha adhikar qamee hota aanee nantarchya varshant jevha tyancha adhikar sthapit jhaala hota. sadhya, kiboshochya mangi sinane tyachya natevaik liliochya hatyecha suud ghenyacha prayatna keela. germanancha taba asoonahi too ajunahi shaktishali hota.
machamechya mangi shanglila fandekadoon kahee vish midale, jyala tyala nirikshanakhali thevanyasathi german sarkari agent mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote aanee tyane vanerychya mangi nakundela door pathvanyachya soochanansah tyala teey dile. aata masamacha sadasya asalelya ngunichya mantirila shangline vish denyasathi pathavale hote. nakunde zapatyane bighadat gele. tyanantar sinane shanglila kibosho yethe nkunde pathvanyachi soochana kelee. nakunde pravasadarmyan machamemadhye thambla aanee tyane shanglila tyacha mulga mawandi shimone yachee kalji ghenyas sangitale. too sobat asatana chaloo rahila, parantu kiboshola pohochanyapurvi tyala fashi denyat aalee. shimone aanee tyachi aaee shimeon praudh hoiparyant shanglibarobar rahile aanee tyanni sihala jaanyapurvi kutumbatil shangalichya virodhi shakhechya kulgurunchi mulgi nagaminishi vivah keela.
nagalamine nakundechya nidhanane rahileli pokali bharoon kadhali. sampoorn sihasathi too prabhari hota. sadhya, liliocha mulga maimbe, jyala sinane parat pathavale hote, tyane junya samakecha taba ghetala. kahee kalanantar, maimbe tyacha adhikar rakhanyasathi madat magnyasathi muku yetheel kinabokade nighala, parantu jevha too kamangamadhye pohochala tevha eka sinhane tyachi hatya kelee. 1895chya akheris tyanche nidhan jhaale. yacha arth rashtranni tyala bajula saroon baher kadhale" haah vakyansh yaa vastusthiticha sandarbh deto qee maimbechya mrutyunantar, kilo kulatil synares yaa pratispardhi kulatil sadasyane satta tabyat ghetali. maimbechya swatachya orio kulatil daad kirimachya manyatesah tyala samakechi mangi banavanyat aale.
sinareche aagman heey rajkiy sattemadhye jhalela sarvat motha badal darshavinyakarta hote, jeey sihala maheet hote, kaaran eka varshapeksha qamee kalavadhit too keval junya samkechach navhe tarr serve sihancha dekhil mangi hoil. yaa shatkachya antim varshasathi tyane khoop yojana aakhalya aahet. arusha juuu yethe yuddhasathi german pradhikaranane bolavanyapurvi, kilimanjarochya itar serve pramukhanpramanech, tyala samakechi mangi mhanoon niyukt karnyasathi vel navhata. paratalyavar tyala samakemadhye basavanyat aale aanee tyanantar lagechach german lokanni mangi nagalamila fashi dilee aanee sinarene tyachi jaaga ghetali.
pracheen samkemadhye sinareche sattevar yene heey mukhytah antargat katkarsthananmule kinwa kahee pramanat bahya prabhavamule jhaale aahe qaa, jase qee matchemchya pathimbyacha, jyachya shahee kutumbashi sinareche lagn jhaale hote, heey yaa tappyavar aspasht aahe. tyanantarchya mothya bakshisabaddal, mhanje serve sihanchya sardarpadababat paristhiti spasht aahe. pramukh rajkiy hotspot vyatirikt eka vegala parvatiy pradesh asalela siha haah eka mothya rajkiy kodetil chhotya tukdyasarkha madhyavarti gadarolat adakala hota.
kombokomadhye rahana mohammed navachya arabashi matbhed asalyasarkhe saumya karananmule nagalamila padchyut karnyat aale aanee tyala german adhikaryachi mahitee dilee, dushkaladarmyan german lokanni puravalele tandul vitarit karnyas nakar deela kaaran tyala asey vatale hote qee tyache lock keede khanar naheet, vanerychya nkundeshi jhalelya ladhainantar german adhikadhyakadun marhan jhaali aanee germananni tyanchyavar tyanna padchyut karnyasathi masaishi cutt rachalyacha aarop keela.
yache kharey spashtikaran asey hote qee aarushchya ladhait, nagalamiche bhavitavya aanee uttaradhikar yuddhbhumivar tharvanyat aale hote. tyaa velee, maranguchya mangi mariyalne, joou tyachya sattechya shikharavar hota aanee german sarkarchya sarvoch patalichya anudanacha anand ghet hota, tyane yashasvi operation aayojit kele jyamule kilimanjarovar tyachya sarvat shaktishali virodhakanna khalee aanale. paristhiticha eka lahan bhag mhanoon tyane tethe sinareshi maitri kelee aanee tyanni tyala sihchi mangi bananyachi vyavastha kelee. sinare haah ekoon yojnet fakt eka lahan kheladu hota aanee tyachya shanglishi asalelya sambandhanmule tyala tyachya uddishtancha pathpurava karnyasathi aavashyak asalela pathimba midala asava.
yuddhbhumivar germananna nagalamicha kathit vishvasaghat ughadakis aalyanantar, samake yethe parat yetach nagalamila atak karnyache aadesh sinare yanna denyat aale. tyanantar tyane eka divas duparchya sumaras aaplya manasanna komboko yetheel nagalamichya gharee pathavale. kombokoche rahivasi tyanchyabarobar gele aanee tyanni tyala tabyat ghetale aanee sadhyachya mohimechya thikani aanale tevha tyachyasathi ladhanyache vachan dile. nantar nagalami aanee tyachya eka bhawala dongaravarun moshila nenyat aale, jithe teey itar anek kilimanjaro nete aanee shaktishali purushanna fashi denyat sameel jhaale. done divasannantar sihamadhye suvyavastha rakhanyasathi sinarela madat karnyasathi shangline aapale sainya pathavale. maralle aanee shangalicha jawalcha mitra asalelya swahili fandeche aagman jhaale. too shangalichya sainikansah sansthapanas gela.
parinami sinare akheris sihchi mangi bunley. tyanchi nivadanuk hii bahereel dabavamule jhaali. jarr teey kathankasathi nasel tarr, tyachya kulatil ekhadya sadasyachya, german satta aadhich prasthapit jhaali asatana, tyaa velee rajya karananya vanshala ulthavoon taknyachya shakyata qamee hotya. tarisuddha, sinar kvachitach aat pravesh karoo shakale.
mrut nagalamichya jaagi sihache netrutva karnyas saksham asalyacha vividh kulancha dawa pahata, sadhya sarvadhik shakti kendrit asalele mmr kula hote aanee tyanni yapurvi nagalami aanee sayye yanchi shasak mhanoon niyukti kelee hotee. ektya samakemadhye, oreo kulane adhunmadhun kirma, maletua, lilio aanee maimbe yanchi niyukti kelee hotee, tarr sinarechya kileeo kulala tyachya aadhichya ekmev shasak emm. emm. duciokade parat jaanyasathi barach pallah gathayacha hota.
sampoorn sihchi tapasani kartana mamari kulatil dave sarvat adhik balkat hote, tarr keval junya samakechi tapasani kartana orio kulatil prabhag junigeche aarop adhik balkat hote. katheen paristhitit kilo kulala midalelya yashache parinam saath varshannantarhi sihamadhye aikoo yet hote. nagalamichya nidhanane sihchya itihasatil eka adhyayacha ant jhaala. too sih lokanni nivadalela antim raja hota aanee joou toparyant, tyachya adhipatyakhali serve sihanna ekatra aanalyacha dawa karoo shakat hota. sinarechya aagmananantar, 20vya shatkatil tyanche rajkiy bhavitavya mukhyatve kilimanjarovaril mukhya rajkiy khelacha bhag mhanoon bahereel shaktinni nishchit kele aahe.
sampoorn sih heey eka pramukh mhanoon eka ekak banale, parantu 19 vya shatkat sihamadhil sarkar samanyatah pramukh lokanmadhye vibhagale gele hote, tyapaiki done, pratyekachya prabhavachya kshetrasah. vividh gharanmadhun badal naan karata shasakanna uttaradhikar midala, kadachit agadi qamee nahee, parantu sardarpadachya aat aanee baher asha kiman paach gharanmadhye 1900 teey 1960 darmyanchya shasanachya aath badalanmadhye samayik hote. kilimanjarovaril sihcha pravas hii yaa shevatchya sandarbhat eka adviteey ghatana hotee.
1900 teey 1905 paryant sinare heey sihache shasak hote. tyane junya samakepasoon satta midavali, jeey samarikdrushtya sardarpadachya vayavya bhagat sthit hote aanee prashasakeey drushtikonatun atyant gairsoyiche asale taree tyane aaplya samarthakanna tabyat ghetale. 1905 madhye tyacha bhau manya yachya mrutyucha badala ghenyasathi mmr jamatichya naurune tyala vish dile. tyachya nidhananantar, uttaradhikarache serve naan sodavalele vaad punha samore aalyane, sih gondhalat padala. junya samkechya sarvoch mitamadhil eka gatala jacobus yaa sinarecha mulga asalelya eka tarun sunnat naan jhalelya mulache yash havey hote. khalchya mitamadhil eka gatala manyacha bhau taravia havah hota, assa yuktivad karat qee emm. emm. aar. kulala sinarechya rajyabhishekapurvi jyaa kshamatene rajya karnyacha adhikar hota tyach kshamatene rajya karnyacha adhikar aahe.
kiboshochya mangi siangane taraviyala pathimba deela, tarr matchamchya mangi engulelone jacobusla pathimba deela. kilimanjarochya kalat, yaa done bahereel shaktinmadhil sambandh itake tivra aanee dirghakalin navhate. konatyahi vadavivadat pratyekjan virodhi bhoomikeche samarthan karel heey spasht hote. kiboshone purvi mangi sinachya kalat junya samakemadhil pratispardhi oreo kulala pathimba deela hota, parantu aata tyaa kulane matchamchya virodhatil shatrutva lakshat gheta, jichyamule nagalamichya patnala sakriyapane madat jhaali hotee, tyane swabhavikpane mmri kulala pathimba deela. mckemney yapurvi sinarechya rupat kileeo kulala pathimba deela hota.
sihchi shokantika ashee hotee qee, vanshatil konatyahi umedwarala, jyala sarvat vyapak sthanik pathimba midala asata, tyala jinkanyachi sandhee navhati kaaran 19 vya shatkat kilimanjarovar varchasva gajavanare aanee vanshala pathimba denare kibosho aata grahan jhaale hote aanee 20 vya shatkatil naveen satta haloohaloo pudhe sarkat hotee. 1905 kinwa tyanantar antim nirnay ghenanya sthanik german kinwa british governing authoritychya pratinidhikadun nyayya sunavani ghenyachi sandhee konatyahi emm. emm. aar. kula umedwarala midali nahee. keval sihamadhyech navhe tarr shejarchya kilimanjaro rashtranmadhye mothya pramanat pasarlelya emm. emm. aar. kulamadhye machamemadhye rahnara sadasya nahee, haah kahee yogayog nahee.
nantar jacob mhanoon olakhala jaanara jacobus 1905 madhye nivadanuk jinkla. tyane mckemcha mangee englelo, joou tyacha mitra rahila, tyache simhasana ghetale. 1919 madhye oreo kulatil matolone satta sweekarli parantu vegane hakalpatti jhaali tevha eka gondhalat takna vyatyaysah, jekabcha adhikar 1920 paryant chaloo rahila. jacob junya samakepasoon sardarpadavar rajya karat rahila aanee asey disate qee yaa sampoorn kalat varchya aanee khalchya mitamadhye nishtheche praman vegvegale hote kaaran tyane tethe rahana emm. emm. aar. aanee mawandari kulanna santusht karnyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee.
rashtra chalvanyasathi tyanni balacha vapar keela. too eka shaktishali aanee kroor raja manla jaato. shiksha mhanoon too piditela ghodyala bandhat tyachya ghodyavar swar hott asey. jarr tumhi tyala eka ashee bakri dilee jee dhobal navhati tarr tee bakri mareparyant too tumhala marat asey. too "baraja" hatat ghet asatana ekhadyala gudghe tekayala sangat asey jenekarun baithak sampel toparyant too tyachya pathivar basoo shakel. chabook maroon aanee tyahunahi adhik bhishan laingik chhalasah tyane aapali satta ladali.
jaree pramukh mhanoon jekabchya paddhati kilimanjarovar naveen nasalya taree tyaa sakholpane paar padalya gelya jyamule lokanna tyachyabaddal european pradhikaranakade takrar karnyas pravrutt kele gele, jeey toparyant britishanchya niyantranakhali hote. 1920 paryant, tyachi shakti yashasviritya qamee hott asalyachya sanketanmule jacobne padd sodanyache kaaran shodhanyas pravrutt kele. jaree too siha lokanmadhye apriy asala taree, jacob ajunahi eka majboot neta hota jyane siha kulatil itar konatyahi sadasyala tyancha pramukh mhanoon manyata denyas nakar deela, tevha kinwa aata. aaplya kutumbachya uddishtanchya palikade sardarpadacha susanvad thevanyachi apeksha tyane nehmich thewali hotee.
pratyakshat, yach goshtine sihchi bhoomigat vyavastha santulanabaher fekali aanee tyachya mangiche varchasva asanyachi shakyata door kelee. 1920 madhye, siha lock tyanchya pramukhavar ekmat houu shakale naheet asey jevha nondavale jaate tevha yacha arth assa hoto. khalchya mitamadhil lokanni punha ekada barnabanna mamari kulatil umedvar mhanoon prastavit kele tevha anishchitata nirman karnyasathi jekabne aaplya prabhavacha vapar keela. nuktech boma yethe adhikari mhanoon niyukt jhalelya pramukh dundanna sangharsh sodavanyache kaam denyat aale hote. siha lock swatahvar rajya karoo shakat navhate assa nishkarsh haatee ghetalelya puravyanvarun tyane kiboshochya majee-mangee malmyala sihachi mangi mhanoon niyukt kele.
kiboshomadhun malamyala kadhoon taknyachya margancha too vichar karat asatana, dundasne eka nirnay ghetala jyamule tyala ekach velee done uddishte sadhya karata aalee. 1916 madhye navyane aalelya british sarkarviruddha cutt rachalyacha khota aarop karananya pramukhanpaiki malamya haah eka hota, kilimanjarovaril dusra motha kalpit cutt; haddapar jhalyanantar aanee nantar siddha jhalyanantar, too paratala aanee tyachya jaagi kiboshovar rajya karnara aanakhi eka mangee, ngulishau shodhala. british prashasanala, tyanche tithe asane lajirvane hote aanee tyamule ngulishosathi rajkiy dhoka nirman jhaala.
1920 teey 1927 paryant malmyane sihchi mangi mhanoon kaam kele. asey mhatale jaate qee tyane shantatet rajya kele aanee too aapala neta mhanoon midalyane janatela anand jhaala. too aapala baraja vanerychya khalchya mitamadhye, sardarpadachya kendrasthani, jithe maarii aanee mawandari kulanche varchasva hote, tethe bandhu shakala, tarr varchya meet oreo kulane tyala natevaik mhanoon sweekarle, hii vastusthiti yaa siddhantala vishvasarhata dete. tyane kase rajya kele yachee parva naan karata, purvekadil eka tejaswi naveen taayachya rupamule sampoorn kilimanjarochya nashibat badal honar hota.
1923 madhye shangalicha mulga abdil yane mashameche rajya sweekarle aanee pudhil tees varshe too british sarkarchya purn pathimbyane aanee sattechya sthir ubharanisah rajkiy paridrushyavar rajya karel. tyache ghar aanee kiboshoche shahee ghar yanchyatil paraspar vair, tasech machemchya palikade, paschimekade aanee purvekade dongravar tyache rajya vistarnyachya tyachya samrajyavadi aakanksha lakshat gheta malamyacha padav apariharya hota.
darmyan, mangi abdilche vadil shangli heey tyachya mulachya bajoone ghadamodi ghadavanyasathi soyiskar asalelya naguni mataa, masama yethe sthayik jhaale. heey sihapasoon agadi simepalikade hote. 1927 madhye hii sandhee nirman jhaali jevha malmyala guranchi choree aanee tyachya rokh petivaril asamarthatechya aaropanmule asurakshit kele gele. hakalpatti kelyanantar too kiboshokade parat gela aanee tyala lagech vish denyat aale. vannery yetheel mawandari kulatil nakundecha mulga shimone yala tyachya jaagi sihcha mangi mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale; tathapi, kahee mahinyanantar, tyala ashach yojanecha vapar karoon nivrutt honyas bhag padale gele.
mangi abdilla swatahsathi sihavar rajya karayache hote, tyache vadil shangli heey tyachya sthanik gatanna tyachya jaminivaril sthanavarun hatavanyasathi tyache pratinidhi mhanoon kaam karayache aanee abdilla majee-mangi jekabcha pathimba hota, joou varchya mitamadhye eka motha gut ekatra karoo shakat hota aanee joou tyachya swatachya killio kuladvare rajya kele jaau shakat nasel tarr sihavar machameche rajya karane pasant karat hota. guntagunticha rajnaitik khel aata samore yet hota. tatkalin british governor shree. yanna dilela yuktivad. adhik, aanee tyane sweekarle qee sih lokanni mangi abdiyala tyanchyavar rajya karnyas sangitale hote kaaran teey kadhihi aapapasat pramukh nivadu shakale navhate.
1927 chya akheripurvi abdil swatahla 'machame aanee sihchi mangi' mhanoon swakshari karoo shakala. tyanantar tyane guptapane sihavar niyantran thewale, tyachya nivadidvare, gideon sha/oo nassua navacha eka natevaik, jyala sarvoch pramukh kinwa machili makuu hii anokhi padvi denyat aalee hotee, heey darshavinyasathi qee tyacha position.38 gideon, eka mashame moolcha, eka pramukh aanee prasiddha kutumbatil vanshaj hota jyane varanvar mangi shangli aanee tyacha mulga mangi abdil yanchya hitsambandhanshi tyacha lakshaniy prabhav jodala hota. tyane mchilly mku mhanoon kaam kartana pramukhanchya adhikaracha vapar keela. tyanni 1927 teey 1945 paryant konatyahi viramavina, samarthya, yash aanee dhirane sihavar rajya kele.
sihala aakar denyasathi tyane shakti aanee mutsaddegirichya sanyojanacha vapar keela. pratyek kulala nyayya vaganuk deuun, tyane deshachya prushthbhagakhali gondhalalelya dirghkalapasun chalalelya karsthanala samapt kele. pratispardhi kulatil varishthanna ekatra bolavane aanee tyanna aapale sallagar aanee sthanik pratinidhi mhanoon niyukt karane heey tyanche pahile paul hote. swatah eka kushal shetkari asalyane, naach, madyapan aanee guranna shetat mehnat karnyasathi pravrutt karnyasathi tyanni ratrandivas parishram ghetale. aavhan dile asata, adhik changle parinam midvinyasathi tyane lokanna marhan kelee assa dawa kadachit gideon karel. tyachya hatamadhye kopare tyachya purvaj mangi jakobchya hatapramanech varanvar hote, parantu jakobchya krooratechya sukshmateshivay.
kaaran jekabchya kalapurvi vyavharikdrushtya qamee vyavsayik lagwad hott asey. jaree teey kilimanjarochya antahkaranapasun door asale taree tyanchya jivanacha suur farsa badallela navhata; teey ajunahi parvatachya agadi naveen 20 vya shatkatil jagachya kathavar 19 vya shatkatil kalbahya kalat jagat hote. teey gayiche shetkari hote jyanna tyanchya aaharasathi fakt thodya pramanat illucin, shengdane aanee kelee pikavat ratri nachane aanee divasa zopane aavadate. konatyahi nrutyala manai karoon, swatachya kharchane eka ropewatic ughadun aanee teen varshe rope pasaravun, tyanna coffey lavnyas gideonne bhag padale. tyane gavhache utpadanahi kele, jyamule shetkyanna pratyek hangamat tees borey biyane lavave lagale. desh shrimant jhaala.
sthir vatavaranat gideonne lakshaniy pragati kelee. mangi abdil tyachya rajvatine khoosh jhaala kaaran tyachyakade nammatra adhipatya hote aanee kilimanjarochya serve sardaranvar parinam karananya muddyanvar sihane matdanachi hummy dilee hotee. sihamule tyanantarchya jilha adhikanyanna konatihi adchan aalee nahee, jyamule moshi shaharatil qamee karmchanyanche british sarkar samadhanchakit jhaale. sihatil rahivasi shevati samadhani jhaale kaaran tyanna moort fayade disale. jyaa kalat tyanche rashtra bharbharatila aale aanee tyanantarchya tyanchya samruddhiche kaaran mhanoon sih lock, gideonchya prashasanache krutadnyatene smaran karatat.
sihamadhye ghat.
1945 pasoon, british sarkarne, uttarekadil prantachya prantiy aayuktanmarfat karya karat, gideonchya kamgirila manyata denyasathi aanee uttaradhikarache konatehi prashna talhanyasathi tyala adhikrutpane mangicha darja deela. eka varshachya aat, gideonne tyacha mulga johnchya bajoone padatyag keela. tyachya nantar eka kilo kula sadasya yenyachi shakyata aanee tyachya nivruttipurvi tyachyashi tyache sambandh vitalanyachi shakyata yabaddal mangi abdiyalane kelelya sthanik sanshodhanat bharpur sanket aahet.
1945 pasoon, mangi 'johnn' sattet hota. mageel kula yuddhanche jwalansheel aag. uttaradhikar samasyene sadar kelelya prachand sandhivar teey 1945 madhye thodya kalasathi paratale, jase teey varanvar karayache. junya samakene 1954 madhye adhunmadhun chamkanyacha anubhav ghetala, jase qee teey purvi varanvar karat asey. yaveli, jyaa hitsambandhanni purvi sih lock swatahvar rajya karoo shakat naheet yaa kalpanela protsahan dile hote, tyanni aata yaa kalpanela protsahan dile qee sihavar tyachya mangine rajya karanyachi vel aalee aahe kaaran tyanchyakade jekabchya mulachya swarupat killio kula davedar tayar hota.
tathapi, sampoorn pramukhpad sansthebaddal janatechi dharana vikasit hott hotee aanee yaa vishayane tyache kahee purviche uttejak parinam gamavale hote. yuktivadachya punarujjivanachi paristhiti pahata, tyacha hetu chidkhor karnyavyatirikt dusare kahihi sadhya karnyacha hota yacha konatahi purava nahee. mangi johnchya karyakalat prathamik sattesathi konatihi thos prati-boolii navhati.