
supermarine spitfire

supermarine spitfire heey british eka aasan asalele ladhau viman aahe, jeey shahee havai dall aanee itar sahyogi deshankadun dusya mahayuddhapurvi, darmyan aanee nantar vaparale jaate. emm. keey. 1 pasoon rolls-royce griffon-engine emm. keey. 24 paryant anek wing configuration aanee banduka vaparoon spitfireche anek prakar tayar karnyat aale. sampoorn yuddhat satatyane nirman jhalela haah ekmev british ladhau hota. utsahi lokanmadhye thunki lokpriy aahe; sumare 70 ajunahi havesathi yogya aahet aanee jagbharatil vimanchalan sangrahalayanmadhye aanakhi anek sthir pradarshan aahet.
spitfirechi rachana aar. neey alp-shreni, uchch-karyakshamatechya interceptor viman mhanoon kelee hotee. jeey. 1928 pasoon wickers-armstrongchi upakampani mhanoon kaam karananya supermarine aviation worksche mukhya designer michel yanni, naveen budalelya revets spitfireche vishisht lambvartulakar pankh (beverley shenstone design kelele) vikasit kele, jyat sarvat patal cross-section asel, jyamule ferivalyanchya chakrivadalasaha anek samkalin ladhau vimananpeksha jaast sambhavya uchch veg sadhya hoil. 1937 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant michelane rachana parishkrut karane suru thewale, tyanantar tyacha sahkari joseph smithne mukhya designer mhanoon padbhar swikarla, aanee spitfirechya vikasavar dekhrekh thewali.
brittonchya ladhaidarmyan (julai-aktoobar 1940), janatela thunki haah mukhya raaf ladhau asalyache vatale; tathapi, asankhya chakrivadalanni luftwafcha pratikar karnyacha bhaar adhik uchalala. taridekhil, chakrivadalapeksha thunki marane heey eka changle ladhau viman hote. kadachit spitfirechya uchch kamgirichya metriksamule, spitfire unitmadhye udananya chakrivadalanpeksha qamee attrition darr aanee vijay-tota gunottar jaast hote. ladhaidarmyan, spitfiremadhye samanyatah luftwaff ladhau-pramukhyane meserscommit bii. eff. 109eae-seerij vimanancha samavesh hota, jeey tyanchyasathi jawalche samne hote.
brittonchya yuddhanantar, spitfirene raff ladhau kamandache pramukh viman mhanoon chakrivadalala mage takale aanee tyacha vapar european, bhoomadhya, prashant aanee aagney ashiyai chitrapatgruhanmadhye keela gela. tyachya vaimanikanna khoop aavadanari hii thunki, interceptor, photo-punarjagaran, ladhau-bombfecki aanee prashikshak yasah anek bhoomikanmadhye kaam karat hotee aanee tee 1950 chya dashkaparyant chaloo rahili. seafire heey vimanvahu jahajavar aadharit thunkiche rupantar hote, jeey 1942 pasoon 1950 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant tafyatil havai dalat vaparale gele. mool airframechi rachana 1,030 etch. pii. (768 keey. doubleu.) utpadan karananya rolls-royce merlyn injindware chalvanyasathi karnyat aalee hotee. tee pureshi majboot aanee vadhatya shaktishali marlinacha vapar karnyasathi pureshi anukool hotee aanee nantarchya chinhanmadhye, 2,340 echpi (1,745 kedblue) paryant utpadan karnari rolls-royce griffon injine. parinami, spitfirechi kamgiri aanee kshamata tyachya seva aayushyadarmyan sudharlya.
vikas aanee utpadan.
mool.
1931 madhye, havai mantralayane eff 7/30 heey tapasheel jaaree kele, jyat eff. aay. dii. 1 chya vegane uddan karnyas saksham asalelya aadhunik ladhau vimanache aavahan kele gele. aar. jeey. hii bhoomika purn karnyasathi michelane supermarine prakar 224 chee rachana kelee. 224 heey eka khule-cockpit monoplane hote jyat avjad gull pankh hote aanee eka mothe, sthir, thunkalele undercares, bashpibhavitpane thund kelelya rolls-royce goshock injindware chalavale jaat hote. februwari 1934 madhye tyane pahile uddan kele. eff 7/30 laa nivida dilelya saat designspacky, gloster gladiator biplainla sevesathi swikaranyat aale.
prakar 224 haah michel aanee tyachya rachana sanghasathi eka mothee nirasha hotee, jyanni lagechach snider chashak seaplanes tyanchya anubhavacha prarambhik bindu mhanoon vapar karoon "swachchh kelelya" designschi malika suru kelee. yamule prakar 300 jhaala, jyat mage gheta yenyajogi undercarries aanee pankhanchi lambi qamee jhaali. hii rachana julai 1934 madhye havai mantralayakade sadar karnyat aalee hotee, parantu tee sweekarli gelee nahee. tyanantar tyat anek badal jhaale, jyat bund cockpit, auxigen-shvasochavasache upkaran, lahan aanee patal pankh aanee navyane vikasit, adhik shaktishali rolls-royce pii. vhee.-ex. aay. aay. vhee.-12 enginecha samavesh hota, jyala nantar 'merlyn' asey naav denyat aale. november 1934 madhye, supermarinechya malak wickers-armstrongchya pathimbyane michelane 300 prakarchya yaa parishkrut aavruttivar tapshilvar rachana karya suru kele.
1 december 1934 roji, havai mantralayane emm. aii. emm. 361140/34 haah karar jaaree keela, jyat michelchya sudharit prakar 300 rachana bandhanyasathi £10,000 pradan kele gele. 3 janewari 1935 roji tyanni vimanachya bhovati lihilelya eff 10/35 yaa naveen tapshilasah karar aupcharik keela. april 1935 madhye, havai mantralayatil operational requirement sectionchya squadran leader ralf sorleychya shifarshinantar, pratyek vingmadhil done. 303 inch (7.7 miimii) wickers machine ganavaroon chaar. 303 inch (7.7 miimii) brouningmadhye shastrastra badalanyat aale.
5 march 1936 roji, uddanasathi adhik shakti denyasathi bareek-pitch propellerne susajj asalelya prototypene ("keey5054") eastley havai sthanakapasun (nantar southampton vimantal) tyachya pahilya uddanavar uddan kele. niyantranat capton joseph "mutt" summer hota, joou vikarsasathi mukhya chachani pilot hota, jyacha ullekh landingchya velee "kahihi sparsh karoo nakaa" asey mhatale jaate. aath minitanche heey uddan samkalin chakrivadalachya pahilya uddananantar chaar mahinyanni jhaale.
"keey5054" madhye naveen propeller basavanyat aala hota aanee unhalyat 10 march 1936 roji viman udavale gele; yaa uddanadarmyan, prathamach under carriage mage ghenyat aale. chauthya uddananantar, eka naveen engine basavanyat aale aanee unhalyachya kalat chachani tyachya sahayyak jeffrey quill aanee george pickering yanchyavar sodoon denyat aalee. tyanna lavkarach kalale qee thunki marane heey eka atishay saksham viman hote, parantu teey paripoorn navhate. patwar atisanvedanshil hota aanee tyacha sarvoch veg fakt 330 mail pratitas (528 kiimii/tashi) hota, joou sidney camchya naveen merlyn-chalit chakrivadalapeksha thoda vegwan hota. eka naveen aanee changlya aakarachya, done-blade asalelya, lakadi pranodakane meey mahinyachya madhyat samaan uddanat thunkichi gatee tashi 340 mail (557 kiimii/taas) paryant pohochavu dilee, jevha unhalyatil uddane 'keey5054' hii raaf martlesham heathla gelee aanee viman viman aanee shastrastra prayogik aasthapanechya (aii andd aii. eae. eae.) squadran leader andersonkade viman supurd kele. yethe, flight leftnunt humphrey edwards-johns yanni rafsathicha namuna ghetala. tyala viman udavanyache aanee nantar landingwar havai mantralayala ahwal denyache aadesh denyat aale hote. edwards-johnscha ahwal sakaratmak hota; tyanchi ekmev vinanti hotee qee thunkila antarvahak sthitee nirdeshak susajj asava. eka aathvadyanantar, 3 juuna 1936 roji, havai mantralayane aii andd aii. eae. neey konatahi aupcharik ahwal jaaree karnyapurvi 310 thunki marnyacha aadesh deela. nantar tatpuratya aadharavar antarim ahwal jaaree karnyat aale.
prarambhik utpadan.
british janatene pahilyanda 27 juuna 1936 roji raff hendon havai pradarshanat thunkicha sphot pahila. jaree purn pramanat utpadan lagech suru hone apekshit hote, taree kahee kaal asankhya samasyanvar maat karata aalee nahee aanee pahile utpadan thunkiche, 'keey9787', 1938 chya madhyaparyant woolston, southampton vidhansabha marg bund karoo shakale nahee.
februwari 1936 madhye, wickers-armstrongche sanchalak surr robbert mclean yanni aurder dilyanantar 15 mahinyanni aathvadyala paach vimananchya utpadanachi hummy dilee. 3 juuna 1936 roji, havai mantralayane 310 vimanansathi, £ 1,395,000 chya kimmatit aurder dilee. ulstonmadhil supermarinechya suvidhet thunkiche purn pramanat utpadan suru jhaale, parantu vachan dilelya 15 mahinyant aurder spashtapane purn houu shakali nahee. supermarine hii eka chhoti company hotee, jee aadhich wallrus aanee vichitra udananya boaty bandhanyat vyast hotee aanee wickers wellington bombers bandhanyat vyast hote.
kamacha up-karar karane haah prarambhik upay hota. jaree baherche kantratdar anek mahattvachya thunkichya ghatakanchya, visheshtah pankhanchya utpadanat sahbhagi asavet asey asale taree, wickers-armstrong (mool company) baherchya sansthandvare thunki tayar kelya jaat asalyache pahanyas nakhush hote aanee aavashyak blueprint aanee upghatak sodanyat teey santh hote.
thunkiche sampoorn utpadan honyas vilamb hott asalyane, havai mantralayane 310 chya prarambhik maganinantar tyache utpadan thambavanyachi yojana pudhe aanali, jyanantar supermarine bristall beaufiter tayar karel. supermarine aanee wickersche vyavasthapan havai mantralayala patvoon deu shakale qee utpadan samasyanvar maat kelee jaau shakate aanee 24 march 1938 roji 200 thunki marnyasathi pudhil aadesh denyat aala. yaa done aadeshanmadhye keey, ell aanee aine upsarg anukramank samavisht hote.
pahili utpadan thunki 1938 chya madhyat assembly lineveroon aalee aanee prarambhik orderchya jawaljawal 24 mahinyanantar 15 meey 1938 roji jeffrey kwilane udavali. vilamb aanee vadhiv karyakram kharchanantar pahilya 310 vimananchi antim kimmat mool andajapeksha prati viman £1 1,870,242 kinwa £1,533 adhik jhaali. eka utpadan vimanachi kimmat sumare 9,500 pound hotee. sarvat mahagade ghatak mhanje hatane tayar kelele aanee tayar kelele fuselays andaje 2,500 pound, nantar rolls-royce merlyn engine 2,000 pound, tyanantar pankhanche darr 1,800 pound prati jodee, banduka aanee undercaries, donhi pratyeki 800 pound aanee propeller 350 pound.
casal bromwich, birmingham yethe utpadan.
1935 madhye, havai mantralayane mauris motors limitedshee sampark sadhun tyanchya covely prakalpache viman utpadanat kitee lavkar rupantar kele jaau shakate heey vicharale. 1936 madhye, herbert austinchya netrutvakhali british viman utpadan kshamata vadhavanyasathi pramukh utpadan suvidhansathichya yaa anaupacharik vinantichi jaaga chhaya karkhana yojana mhanoon olakhalya jaananya aupcharik yojanene ghetali. nauu naveen karkhane bandhanyache aanee ektar ekoon kshamata vadhavun kinwa viman aanee tyanchi injine tayar karnyasathi punarrachanechi kshamata vadhavun british qaar-utpadan udyogala purak karnyache kaam tyanchyakade denyat aale hote.
1938 madhye, vimantalajavalil casal bromwich viman karkhanyache (see. bii. aii. eff.) bandhkam suru jhaale aanee tyaa thikani kaam suru jhalyanantar done mahinyanni upalabdh asalelya sarvat aadhunik yantrachi sadhane basavanyas suruvat jhaali. laurd nuffield (mothya pramanavar motar-vahan bandhanimadhye tadnya) yachya netrutvakhali mauris motorsney karkhanyache vyavasthapan aanee susajj kele asale taree, tyala sarkarkadoon nidhi deela jaat asey. 1939 chya suruvatiparyant, karkhanyachi mool andajit kimmat £ 2,000,000 duppat jhaali hotee aanee juuna 1940 madhye pahili thunki bandhali jaat asatana, karkhana ajunahi apoorn hota aanee karmchanyanchya samasyanni grast hota. thunkichya tanalelya tvachechya bandhkamasathi achook abhiyantriki kaushalye aanee tantre aavashyak hotee jee sthanik kamgar dalachya kshamatechya palikade hotee aanee tyanna punha prashikshit karnyasathi kahee vel aavashyak hota. supermarinechya sadhansamagri aanee rekhachitrankade tyanchya swatachya bajoone durlaksh karananya vyavasthapanala adachani aalya aanee kamgaranni tyanchya uchch vetanachya maganya purn hoiparyant satat sump kinwa "mandav" karanyachi dhamki dilee.
eprilpasoon karkhana darr aathvadyala 60 utpadan deil asey aashvasan deunahi, meey 1940 paryant, casal bromwichne adyap tyachi pahili thunki bandhaleli navhati. 17 meey roji, viman nirmiti mantri laurd beaverbrook yanni laurd nafieldla durdhvani keela aanee casal bromwich prakalpache niyantran tyachya mantralayakade sopavanyasathi tyala chaal kelee. beaverbrookne tabadtob anubhavi vyavasthapan karmchari aanee supermarinemadhil kamgaranna pathavale aanee karkhanyache niyantran wickers-armstrongna dile. samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi vel lagla asala taree juuna 1940 madhye 10 emm. keey. aay. ess. bandhanyat aale; 23 julaimadhye, 37 augustmadhye aanee 56 septembermadhye suru jhaale. juuna 1945 madhye casal bromwich yethe utpadan sampanyapurvi, darmaha 320 chya kamal darane ekoon 12,129 thunki (921 emm. keey. aay. ess., 4,489 emm. keey. viruddha, 5,665 emm. keey. aay. ess. ess. aanee 1,054 emm. keey. ex. vhee. ess.) bandhanyat aalya hotya, jyamule see. bii. aii. eff. haah brittenmadhil sarvat motha thunkicha karkhana aanee 1939-45 sangharshadarmyan tyachya prakarcha sarvat motha aanee sarvat yashasvi karkhana banala.
utpadan prasar.
brittonchya ladhaidarmyan, luftwafanni southamptonjavalil woolston aanee ichen yetheel mukhya utpadan prakalp nasht karnyasathi ektrit prayatna kele. karkhanyanvar jhalela pahila bombsfot 23 august 1940 roji jhaala. pudhchya mahinyat itar chhape taknyat aale, 26 september 1940 roji donhi karkhane nasht jhaale, 92 lock marle gele aanee mothya sankhyene jakhami jhaale. mrutanmadhye bahutansh anubhavi viman nirmiti kamgar hote.
sudaivane, thunkichya bhavishyasathi, 20 septemberparyant anek utpadan giggs aanee yantre aadhich halavanyat aalee hotee aanee sampoorn southampton bhagat utpadan chhotya suvidhanmadhye pasaravanyasathi pavale uchalali jaat hotee. yasathi, british sarkarne station squaremadhil vincentchya garrage, readingchi magani kelee, jeey nantar spitfire fuselagechya nirmitimadhye vishesh hote aanee annah valley motors, salisbury, jeey photo-punarujjivan spitfiresathi wing leading-aij indhan tankinche ekmev utpadak honar hote, tasech itar ghatakanche utpadan karnar hote.
fuselays tayar karane aanee engine basavane yaat visheshatva asaleli eka uddeshane bandhaleli kaame, starr rodvar, caversham inn reading yethe bandhanyat aalee hotee. jyaa chitrikaran karyalayat serve thunkichya rachanecha masuda tayar karnyat aala hota, teey southamptonjavalachya hersley parkmadhye halavanyat aale. yaa thikani vimanache assembly hanger dekhil hote jithe anek namuna aanee prayogik thunki ekatra kelya gelya hotya, parantu tyat sambandhit vimantal naslyamule, harsalimadhun kadhihi thunki udalya naheet.
chaar shahare aanee tyanchi upgrah havai kshetre yaa karyashalansathi kendrabindu mhanoon nivadali geleeh southamptoncha eastley vimantal; salisbury aanee unch chauki aanee chatis hiill vimantal; trobridge aanee raff keevil; aanee readingche henley aanee uldermaston vimantal. purn jhalelya thunkichi aag airfieldmadhye 'queen merrie' loow-loader trailerver pohochavali gelee, tithe purnapane ekatra kelee gelee, chachani kelee gelee, nantar tee raffmadhye pathavali gelee. newberry yetheel eka prayogik karkhana divasachya prakashat luftwafchya chhapyacha vishay hota, parantu bomb tyanche lakshya chukale aanee jawalchya shalet dhadakale.
uddan chachani.
serve utpadan vimananchi vitaranapurvi uddan chachani ghenyat aalee. dusya mahayuddhachya kalat, jeffrey quill heey wickers supermarineche mukhya chachani pilot hote, jeey wickers supermarine tayar kelelya serve vimananchya prakaranchya uddan chachaniche prabhari hote. companyne southampton bhagat bandhalelya serve vikasatmak aanee utpadan spitfirechi chachani ghenyasathi jababdar asalelya 10 teey 12 vaimanikanchya gatachi tyanni dekhrekh kelee. kwilane manak chachani prakriya tayar kelee, jee 1938 pasoon chalavalya jaananya vishisht vimananchya rachnesathichya badalansah. 1940 pasoon casal bromwich yetheel mukhya chachani pilot elex henshau yanna tyaa karkhanyat bandhalelya serve thunkichya aagichya chachanicha prabhari niyukt karnyat aala. tyanni 25 vaimanikanchya chamooche samanvay kele aanee thunkichya serve ghadamodinche moolyankan kele. 1940 teey 1946 darmyan, henshone ekoon 2,360 thunki aanee sagari aag udavali, jee ekoon utpadanachya 10 takkyanhun adhik hotee.
viman chachani spitfirebaddal henshau yanni lihileh
sampoorn purv uddan tapasaninantar, mea uddan karen aanee ekada paripath unchivar aalyavar, mea vimanachi chhatani karen aanee teela saral udavanyacha aanee kathivarun haat kadhoon samtal karnyacha prayatna karen... ekada triim samadhankarak jhalyavar, mea eka kinwa donhi supercharger bloerschya rait kelelya unchivar 2,850 aar. pii. emm. varr purn-throttle chadhanit thunki varr neto. mug mea enginemadhun honanya vijechya utpadanachi kaljipurvak tapasani karen, unchi aanee tapmanasathi calibrate kele jaate... jarr serve kahee samadhankarak vatale tarr mea teela purn shakti aanee 3,000 aar. pii. emm. varr dubki marto aanee aay. aii. ess. (darshavilelya havechya vegane) haat paay udavanyasathi teela triim karato. tee kitee changli kinwa white aahe heey tharvanyasathi mea kahee aerobatic chachanya kelyashivay mea vaiyaktikaritya kadhihi thunki ghetali nahee.
utpadan chachani sahasa khoop vegwan hotee; prarambhik paripath 10 minitanpeksha qamee kaal chalala aanee mukhya uddanala 20 teey 30 minite lagali. tyanantar, vimanala aamchya ground mechanicsne antim ekada-over kele, konatihi truti sudharali gelee aanee thunki gola karnyasathi tayar hotee.
mallah tichya serve anek aavruttyanmadhil thunki khoop aavadali, parantu mallah heey manya karave lagel qee nantarche guna jaree purvichya peksha vegwan asale taree teey khoop judd hote, mhanoon teey itake changle hatalu shakale naheet. tyanchyavar tumche itake sakaratmak niyantran navhate. chalanyachi eka chachani mhanje teela eka fleak-rolmadhye fekane aanee tee kitee vela gundalali heey pahane. dusya kinwa pahilya chinhasah adich flick-roll midale, parantu aay. aay. ess. chinh judd hote aanee tumhala fakt deed midale. nantarchya aanee ajunahi judd aavrutyansah, eka aanakhi qamee jhaali. vimanachya rachaneche saar mhanje tadjod karane aanee kamgirichya lifafyachya eka tokala sudharana kvachitach itaratra bighadalyashivay sadhya kelee jaate.
februwari 1948 madhye jevha shevatchi thunki lagali, tevha done aasananchya prashikshakansah serve prakaranchi ekoon 20,351 udaharane tayar karnyat aalee hotee, jyat kahee thunki 1950 chya dashakat changlya prakare sevet rahili hotee. dusya mahayuddhachya aadhi, darmyan aanee nantar satat utpadan hott asalele spitfire heey ekmev british ladhau viman hote.
rachana.
airframe.
1930 chya dashakachya madhyat, jagbharatil vimanchalan rachana sanghanni ladhau vimananchi naveen pidhi vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee. udaharanarth, french devoitin d.520 aanee german meserscommit bii. eff. 109, heey monocock bandhkamachya naveen tantrancha aanee naveen, uchch-shakti, drav-thund, inn-line ero enginechya upalabdhatecha laabh ghenyasathi tayar kele gele hote. tyat mage gheta yenyajogya under carridge, purnapane bund cockpits aanee qamee-dregg, serve-dhatuche pankh yasarkhya sudharana dekhil hotya. hii pragati anek varshanpurvi nagri vimananvar suru karnyat aalee hotee, parantu lashkarane swikaranyas santh hote, jyanni dvivimanatil sadhepana aanee kushalata yanna pasanti dilee.
tulanene udayala sope asatana, merlyn enginechya shakticha purnapane vapar karnyas saksham asalele eka santulit, uchch-karyaksham ladhau viman tayar karane heey michelchya rachaneche uddisht hote. tyaa velee, mitra mhanoon france aanee germanyla bhavishyatil sarvat sambhavya pratispardhi manale jaat asalyane, gret brittenver konatyahi shatru ladhvayyanche aagman apekshit navhate. german bombfecki vimananna uttar samudravarun brittenla jaave laganar hote aanee germanykade tyanchyabarobar jaanyasathi ekeri enginechi ladhau vimane navhati. gharguti sanrakshanache dhyey paar padnyasathi, shatruchya bombfecki vimananna adavanyasathi thunkichi aag vegane chadhu dene haah yaa rachanecha uddesh hota.
thunkichi vatanukoolan rachana guntaguntichi hotee. suvyavasthit, ardh-monocock, duralumine-tvachechya fyoojlejmadhye 19 formerchya sangadyavar anek sanyug vakr tayar kele gele hote, jyanna frame asehi mhanatat. heey propeller unitchya agadi mage asalelya frame kramank ekpasoon, tail unit sanlagnata frameparyant suru jhaale. pahilya chaar chaukatyanni glycol header taakee aanee engine covelingsna aadhar deela. pachvya chaukativar, jyat engine vahak surakshit hote, tyane engineche vajan aanee tyachya upkarane yanna aadhar deela. hii eka majboot duheri chaukat hotee jyat agnirodhak bulkhead aanee thunkichya nantarchya aavrutyanmadhye, telachi taakee dekhil samavisht hotee. yaa chaukatine chaar mukhya fuselays longeransna urvarit airframeshy dekhil jodale. mothya malachya mage paach yuu-aakarachya ardhya chaukati hotya jyat indhan taakee aanee cockpit samavoon ghetale gele hote. mageel fuselays 11 vya chaukatipasun suru jhaale, jyala pilotchi aasan aanee (nantar) kavach plating jodali gelee hotee aanee 19 vya kramankavar sampale, jeey pankhyachya agadi pudhe thodyasha pudhchya konat basavale gele hote. yaa nauu chaukatipaiki pratyek chaukat andakar hotee, shepatichya dishene aakarane qamee hott hotee aanee tyanche vajan kamkuvat naan karata shakya titke qamee karnyasathi anek vijeche chhidra samavisht kele hote. yuu-aakarachi chaukat 20 hii yogya fuselagechi shevatchi chaukat hotee aanee jyaa chaukatis shepatiche ekak jodale gele hote. chaukat 21,22 aanee 23 neey pankh tayar kele; chaukat 22 madhye shepatiche ughadane samavisht hote aanee chaukat 23 hii patwar chauki hotee. mukhya fuselagela jodanyapurvi, shepatichya ekkachya chaukati eka jigmadhye thevalya jaat asat aanee aath aadvya shepatichya aakarachya chaukati tyanna bandhalya jaat asat.
chaukoni stringers aanee chaukatila jodalelya chaar mukhya lambichya sanyojanane eka halki parantu kathor rachana tayar karnyas madat jhaali, jyas aachchhadit tanalelya tvachechya patrake jodali gelee hotee. fuselays plating 24,20 aanee 18 gej hote, shepatichya dishene oo jaadi qamee hott hotee, tarr 22 gej platingmadhye jhakanyapurvi, 20 teey 23 framechya lahan lamb aakarancha vapar karoon pankh rachana purn karnyat aalee hotee.
fuselays, pankh aanee telplanechi tvacha ghumat-dokyachya revetsdware aanee mukhya sparchya pudhchya pankhansarkhya gambhir bhaganmadhye jethe flush revets akhand vayupravah aavashyak hota, asha thikani surakshit kelee gelee hotee. februwari 1943 pasoon vimanachya vimanachya prushthbhagavar flush revetingcha vapar karnyat aala, jyamule serve spitfire prakaranvar parinam jhaala. kahee bhagat, jase qee pankhanchya mageel bajus aanee khalchya shepatichya katadyanmadhye, varche bhag revet kelele hote aanee talashi pital screw lavale hote, jeey sprucechya pattyanmadhye tapp karoon khalchya bargadyanvar thokale gele hote. kadhoon taknyayogya pankhanchya tokanvar duralumine-tvachechya spruce formerscha samavesh hota.
suruvatila, ileron, lift aanee patwar heey kapadane jhakalele hote, parantu ekada ladhatichya anubhavane heey dakhavun dile qee kapadane jhakalele ileron uchch vegane vaparane ashakya hote, tyamule halakya mishradhatune kapadala badalale, jyamule sampoorn gatee shreneet niyantran vadhale.
lambvartulakar pankh rachana.
1934 madhye, michel aanee rachana karmchanyanni done parasparvirodhi aavashyakta sodavanyasathi ardh-lambvartulakar pankhancha aakar vaparnyacha nirnay ghetala; jaast odhane talhanyasathi pankha patal asane aavashyak hote, parantu mage gheta yenyajoga under carriage, shastrastre aanee darugola thevanyasathi too puresa jaad asane aavashyak hote. lambvartulakar aarakhada haah valalelya pankhansathi sarvat karyaksham vayugatikiy aakar aahe, jyamule prerit odhanyache praman sarvat qamee hote. lambvartul tirkas hote jenekarun chaturthansh-taar sthiteet udbhavananya dabache kendra, mukhya sparshi sanrekhit hote, jyamule pankh valanyapasun rokhale jaatat. michelvar kadhikadhi gunter bandhunni tayar kelelya henkel heey 70 chya pankhanchya aakarachi nakkal kelyacha aarop keela gela aahe, jeey 1932 madhye pahilyanda udale hote, parantu beverley shenstone mhanoon, michelchya chamootil vayugatikavadnyane spasht keleh "aamche pankh khoop patal hote aanee henkelpeksha barech vegale vibhag hote. konatyahi paristhitit, purnapane vegalya hetusathi tayar kelelya vimanatoon pankhanchya aakarachi nakkal karane heey keval adchaniche kaaran tharale asate."
vaparlela pankhancha vibhag naka 2200 maliketil hota, joou mudavar 13 takke jaadi-teey-taar gunottar tayar karnyasathi anukool keela gela hota, joou tokavar 9.4 takkyanparyant qamee jhaala hota. bajukadil sthirata vadhavanyasathi 6° chaa dihedral swikarla gela.
tyachya yashat mothe yogdan denare eka pankh vaishishtya mhanje eka navinyapurn spar boom design, jeey paach chauras nalikanni banalele hote jeey ekmekanmadhye basalele hote. pankhancha vistar jasjasa patal hott gela tasatase nalya haloohaloo pananchya zyanpramanech kapalya gelya; yapaiki done zot mishradhatuchya jaalyane ekatra jodalya gelya, jyamule eka halka aanee atishay majboot mukhya jhala tayar jhaala. mukhya sparchya aateel, mageel vibhagat bandhalelya kendrabindula antarvahak paay jodale gele hote aanee bhaar naan vahoon nenanya pankhanchya sanrachanet vihirinmadhye baherchya aanee kinchit mage mage ghetale gele hote. parinami aalelya arund undercarries trackla eka sweekarya tadjod manale gele kaaran yamule landingchya velee mukhya-sparvaril vakanyacha bhaar qamee jhaala.
sparchya pudhe, pankhanchya jaad-tvachechya agrabhagachya kathane eka majboot aanee kadak, dii-aakaracha boxes tayar keela, jyane pankhancha bahutansh bhaar ghetala. pankhanchi rachana kelee jaat asatana, yaa dii-aakarachya aaghadichya kathavar pii. vhee.-ex. aay. aay. sathichya bashpibhavak shitalan pranalisathi vafeche condensor thevanyacha hetu hota. goshockmadhil bashpibhavnachya pranalitil satatchya samasyanmule shitalan pranalicha avalamb jhaala jyamadhye 100% glycolcha vapar keela gela. heey radiator hampshirechya farnbero yetheel royal aircraft aasthapanachya (aar. aii. eae.) fredrick meredith yanni tayar kelelya naveen radiator-conductmadhye thevanyat aale hote. yamule thund havecha vapar jore nirman karnyasathi keela gela, jyamule radiatordware tayar honare nivval odh mothya pramanat qamee jhaale. tyaa badalyat, agraganya-dhaar sanrachanene condensor mhanoon tyache karya gamavale, parantu nantar teey vividh aakaranchya avibhajya indhan takyannusar sweekarle gele-1938 madhye wickers-supermarine paytant kelele vaishishtya.
mukhya radiatormadhun vahanara havecha pravah vayaveey nirgaman flapsdware niyantrit keela jaat asey. thunkichya suruvatichya khuna (emm. keey. aay. teey emm. keey. vhee. aay.) madhye, pilotchya aasanachya davya bajula asalelya livercha vapar karoon ekal flap swahaste chalavala jaat asey. jevha spitfire emm. keey. aay. ess. madhye done-tappyanche merlyn sadar kele gele, tevha intercooler radiatorsathi jaaga tayar karnyasathi radiator vibhajit kele gele; starboard vingchya khalee asalele radiator aakarane ardhe hote aanee intercooler radiator bajula thevanyat aale hote. bandar shakhechya khalee, eka naveen radiator fairingmadhye itar ardh-radiator unitchya bajula eka chauras teel shitalak hota. done radiator flap aata thermostatdware svayamchalitapane chalavale jaat hote.
pankhanche aanakhi eka vaishishtya mhanje tyacha dhundit padane. pankhachi magchi dhaar tyachya vistarat kinchit varchya dishene valali, aaptan coone tyachya mudavar + 2° pasoon tyachya tokavar-1/2° paryant qamee hott gela. yamule pankhanchi mule tokansamor adakoon padali, jyamule toke-thipke qamee jhaale, anyatha pankhancha themb padoo shakala asata, jyamule anekada firane hote. pankhanchi mule thambu lagalyane, vegale honara havecha pravah vimanala bufe (compan) karoo lagla, pilotla ishara deela, tulanene ananubhavi pilotna dekhil tyachya kamgirichya maryadeparyant udavanyachi parvanagi dilee. haah dhundit takalela bhag pratham 224 prakarchya pankhanmadhye dakhavanyat aala aanee tyanantarchya rachnemadhye too eka susangat vaishishtya banala jyamule thunki lagali. pankhanchi guntaguntichi rachana, visheshtah mahattvapoorn spar aanee agra-dhaar sanrachananchya nirmitisathi aavashyak asalelya achookatemule suruvatila thunkichya utpadanat kahee motha vilamb jhaala. jevha up-kantratdarankade kaam sopavanyat aale, jyapaiki bahutekanni kadhihi dhatoo-sanrachit, vegwan vimanancha samna keela navhata, tevha samasya vadhalya. juuna 1939 paryant, yapaiki bahutansh samasya sodavalya gelya hotya aanee utpadan aata pankhanchya kamataratemule thambale navhate.
serve mukhya uddan niyantrane moolatah kapad aachchadan asalelya dhatuchya rachana hotya. designer aanee vaimanikanna asey vatale qee uchch vegane halanyasathi kahee pramanat prayatna aavashyak asalelya eleronmule anpekshit eleron ulatane, viman bhovati fekane aanee sambhavyapane pankh khechane talhata yeil. havai ladhai tulanene qamee vegane hott asalyachehi jaanavale aanee vegwan yuktivad sharirikdrushtya ashakya asel. uddan chachanyanmadhye ileronche kapad aachchadan uchch vegane 'fugyane' asalyache disun aale, jyamule vayugatikivar viparit parinam jhaala. kapad aachchadan badaloon halakya mishradhatunni uchch vegane ileronmadhye lakshaniy sudharana kelee. brittonchya ladhaidarmyan, pilotna aadhalale qee thunkiche ileron uchch vegane khoop judd hote, jyamule roll aanee uchch-gatee valanansarkhya bajukadil yuktivadanvar gambhir nirbandh hote, jeey ajunahi havet ladhanyache vaishishtya hote.
thunkichya falichya pankhanchya tokanna vegale karata yet hote, jeey pratyek mukhya pankhanchya jodanichya shevati done aarohanachya bindunni surakshit kele jaat asat. jevha thunkine unch unchivaril ladhau (6 aanee 7 aanee kahee suruvatichya emm. keey. 7) mhanoon bhoomika ghetali, tevha manak pankhanchya tokanchi jaaga vistarit, "tokdar" tokanni ghetali gelee jyamule pankhanchi unchi vadhoon 6 paryant jhaali. anek spitfire prakarandware vaparlela dusra wing-tip prakar mhanje 'clipped' wing hota; manak wing tipschee jaaga lakadi fairingsney ghetali gelee jyamule spann qamee jhaala. pankhanchya tokanvar pital screw vaparoon jodalelya halakya mishradhatuchya tvachesah bahutek antargat sanrachanesathi spruce formerscha vapar keela jaato.
pankhanchya mageel kathavaril halakya mishra mishra dhatuche vibhajit flap dekhil upkaran patalavaril botanchya dharadvare vayaviyapane chalavale jaat hote. keval done padey upalabdh hotee; purnapane varr kinwa purnapane khalee (85°). flap samanyatah keval antim praveshadarmyan aanee utaranyasathi khalee utaravale jaat asat aanee pilotla taxie karnyapurvi teey mage ghyave lagat asat.
lambvartulane spitfirechya pankh aanee telplane asemblisathi rachana aadhar mhanoon dekhil kaam kele, punha ekada aakarachya anukool vayugatikiy vaishishtyancha fayda ghetala. lift aanee patwar yaa donhicha aakar assa hota qee tyanche vastuman kendra pudhe halavale gele, jyamule niyantran-prushthbhagavaril laat qamee jhaali. nantarchya modelmadhil mothya enginanmule honare lamb naak aanee mothe propeller-wash yamule badalalelya vayugatikichi bharpai karnyasathi mothya ubhya aanee nantar aadvya shepatichya prushthbhaganchi aavashyakta hotee, jyachi parinati emm. keey. 22/24 malikemadhye jhaali, jeey emm. keey. aay. peksha 25 takke mothe hote.
usheera pankh rachana sudharit.
jasjashi thunkichi aag adhik balkat jhaali aanee jaast vegane chalane shakya jhaale, tastashi vaimanikanna ileron ulatya honyachi shakyata vadhali aanee yacha samna karnyasathi supermarine design sanghane pankhanchi punha rachana karnyababat tayari darshavali. mool pankhanchya rachnet 'saiddhantik' ileron ulat gatee hotee, jee kahee samkalin ladhvayyanchya tulanet kahishi qamee hotee. shahee viman aasthapanene nondavale qee, darshavilelya havechya vegane, pankhanchya valanyamule andaje 65 takke ileronchi parinamkarakta gamavali gelee.
spitfire eff. emm. keey. 21 aanee tyachya uttaradhikanyanche naveen pankh hii samasya qamee karnyat madat karnyasathi tayar kele gele hote. tyachi kadakpana 47 takkyanni vadhali aanee piyanochya khidakya aanee susajj triim tabcha vapar karoon naveen eleron rachana mhanje saiddhantik eleron ulat gatee vadhavanyat aalee. punha design kelelya pankhambarobarach, supermarine mool pankhansah dekhil prayog keela, pilot drushya sudharnyachya aanee dragg qamee karnyachya aashene, aaghadichi dhaar 1 inchane (2.54 centimeter) vadhavali. yaa pankhachi chachani sudharit eff. emm. keey. 21 varr karnyat aalee, jyala eff. emm. keey. 23 dekhil mhanatat (kadhikadhi 'spitfire' aivaji 'valient' mhanoon sambodhale jaate). kamgirimadhye jhaleli vaadh qamee hotee aanee haah prayog sodoon denyat aala.
dragg qamee karane aanee kamgiri sudharanechya uddeshane, supermarine americetil aeronauticsathichya rashtriy sallagar samiteene vikasit kelelya naveen aerophoil profilever aadharit eka naveen laminar-flow wing vikasit kele. heey laminar-flow airfoil heey supermarine 371-aay moolat aanee 371-aay tokavar vaparale jaat hote. panbudicha andaj hota qee naveen pankh spitfire emm. keey. 21 chya vegane vaadh karoo shakato. naveen pankh suruvatila spitfire emm. keey. XIV laa basavala gela hota. nantar, naveen vimanache vimanache naveen viman tayar karnyat aale, naveen ladhau jahaj heey panbudiche dveshpurn yuddh viman banale.
carburation viruddha indhan injection.
rolls royce enginechya designersney jaanunbujun merlyn enginesathi carburator nivadlah surr stanly hooker yanni tyanchya aatmacharitrat spasht kele qee, "german lokanni tyanchya indhan injectionsathi motha dand bharala. jevha superchargerchya aadhi indhan dile jaate, tevha marlinpramanech, teey bashpibhavan hote aanee haves 25°seey. neey thund karate. heey shitkaran superchargerchi karyakshamta vadhavate aanee vimanachya vegat, visheshtah uchch unchivar, sambandhit vadhisah enginechi shakti vadhavate.tathapi, suruvatichya merlyn enginemadhye indhan injectionchya kamtaratecha arth assa hota qee bii. eff. 109eae. chya ulat, thunki aanee chakrivadale saral eka tivra dubkimadhye khalee utaroo shakali naheet. yacha arth assa qee eka luftwaff ladhau hallah talhanyasathi uchch-shaktichya dubkimadhye sahajpane 'bunt' karoo shakato, thunki mage thevu shakato, kaaran tyache indhan nakaratmak 'jee' dware carburetormadhun baher kadhale gele hote. raff ladhau vaimanik lavkarach tyanchya virodhakancha pathlag karnyasathi diving karnyapurvi tyanchya vimanala "ardhe firavane" shikale. 
march 1941 madhye, indhanachya reshet chhidra asaleli dhatuchi chakati basavanyat aalee, jyamule indhanacha pravah engine vaparu shakel tyaa kamal maryadit jhaala. tyane dubki martana prarambhik indhan upasamarichi samasya door kelee nasali taree, indhan pampandware nakaratmak 'jee' antargat carburetormadhye indhanacha puur yenyachi adhik gambhir samasya qamee jhaali. beatrice tilly shillingne shodhalela too 'miss shillingcha chhidra' mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla. 1942 madhye suru kelelya, serve uddan drushtikonadarmyan indhan vahoo denyasathi tayar kelelya bendics-nirmit pressure carburators, merlyn malikemadhye aanakhi sudharana karnyat aalya.
shastrastre.
1934 madhye rafsathi naveen manak raifal caliber machine gunn mhanoon nivadanyat aalelya browningchya kamataratemule, suruvatichya spitfiremadhye fakt chaar banduka basavanyat aalya hotya, tarr itar chaar nantar basavanyat aalya hotya. suruvatichya chachanyanvarun asey disun aale qee, banduka jaminivar aanee qamee unchivar uttam prakare kaam karat asatana, tyaa jaast unchivar gothat hotya, visheshtah bahereel pankhanchya banduka, kaaran raffchya tapkiri ranganmadhye khulya boltwaroon golibar karnyasathi badal karnyat aale hote. yamule british darugola vaparnyat yenanya corditeche atiushna hone rokhale gele, parantu yamule barrelmadhun thund havah akhandapane vahoo shakali. aktoobar 1938 paryant panbudine yaa samasyeche nirakaran kele nahee, jevha tyanni pankhanvar basavalelya radiatorchya mageel bajukadoon bandukanmadhye garam havechi nalee aanee pankhanmadhye garam havah adakavanyasathi bandukichya bhovati mothya pramanat shirkav keela. banduka sodalya jaiparyant banduka thund, ghaan aanee aardratepasun vachavanyasathi bandukichya bandaranvar laal kapadanche thase taknyat aale.
thunkichya (aanee chakrivadal) shastrastranchya vaparavaril nirnay capton see madhye sangitala aahe. etch. keethche pustak 'aay hold maay target'. keath yanni shastrastra upkarananchi rachana, vikas aanee tantrik dhoran hatalananya rafsobat vividh niyuktya kelya. 19 julai 1934 roji tyanni air commodore tedder yanchya adhyakshatekhali eka parishad aayojit kelee. teey mhanatat, "mallah vatate qee haah yuktiyuktapane yuktivad keela jaau shakato qee tyaa parishadechya charchemule, jawaljawal agadi sahaa varshannantar, brittonchya ladhaichya vijayachi khatri naslyas, shakya jhaale". tyaa baithakit, vaidnyanik adhikari capton eff. doubleu. "gunner' hilane tyachya gananevar aadharit takte sadar kele jyat asey darshavile gele aahe qee bhavishyatil ladhvayyanni kiman aath machine-gunn balgane aavashyak aahe, jyapaiki pratyekjan eka minitala 1,000 golya zadanyas saksham asane aavashyak aahe. tyachi ganana karnyat hilchi sahayyak hii tyachi kishoravayin mulgi hotee.
jaree aath browning uttam prakare kaam karat asale taree, vaimanikanna lavkarach aadhalale qee teey mothya vimanancha naash karnyasathi purese naheet. shatruchya vimanala padnyasathi sarasari 4,500 feiiah aavashyak asalyache ladhau ahavalatoon disun aale. november 1938 madhye, bakhtarband aanee nihshastra lakshyanvaril chachanyanni aadhich soochit kele hote qee kiman 20 miimii kshamateche shastra aanane tatadine aavashyak hote. 20 mimichya chaar orlican tofansah spitfirechya rachnevaril eka prakar eff 37/35 yaa vishishtatesathi nivida pathvanyat aala hota, parantu namunacha kram janewari 1939 madhye westland whirlwindmadhye gela hota.
juuna 1939 madhye, pratyek pankhyat dholane bharalele hispano eka thunkichya aagit basavanyat aale, jyachya sthapanesathi 60 goal drum jhakanyasathi pankhanvar mothya fodanchi aavashyakta hotee. tofanna varanvar thambe dyave lagale, mukhytah kaaran banduka tyanchya bajunna mandichya pankhanmadhye shakya titkya pramanat basavanyasathi basavalya gelya hotya. janewari 1940 madhye, pii/oo george pridemanne haah namuna ladhait udavala, parantu starboard ganane ekach pherii zadlyanantar thambali, tarr poort ganane japt karnyapurvi 30 feiiah fodalya. jarr eka tof tabyat ghetali tarr dusyachya magharne viman lakshyavarun fekoon dile.
tathapi, karyanvit chachanyansathi aanakhi 30 tof-sashastr thunki maranyache aadesh denyat aale aanee tyanna browning-sashastr emm. keey. aay. aii. pasoon vegale karnyasathi lavkarach emm. keey. aay. bii. mhanoon olakhale gele; teey nambarvar vitarit karnyat aale. juuna 1940 pasoon suru jhalelya 19 squadronmadhye hispano itake avishvasaniy asalyache aadhalun aale qee squadranne aaplya vimanachi, karyarat prashikshan unitchya junya browning-sashastr vimanashi devanghevan karanyachi vinanti kelee. augustparyant, supermarine sudharit feed yantranesah aanee bahereel pankhanchya patalanmadhye chaar. 303s saha adhik vishvasarh sthapana purn kelee hotee. tyanantar sudharit ladhau viman 19 tukadyanna denyat aale.
karyapaddhaticha itihas.
seva karye.
rafsah thunkicha karyanvit itihas 'keey9789' yaa pahilya emkepasoon suru jhaala, jyane 4 august 1938 roji raaf duxford yethe 19 tukdyansah sevet pravesh keela. brittonchya ladhaidarmyan thunkicha prasiddha darja prapt jhaala, jyachi pratishtha viman utpadan mantri laurd beaverbrook yanni aayojit kelelya aanee chalavalelya 'spitfire fund' dware kelee gelee.
kharey tarr, chakrivadalane sampoorn ladhait thunkichya aagipeksha jaast sankhya gathali aanee luftwaff viruddhachya sanrakshanacha bhaar aaplya khandyavar uchalala; tathapi, tyachya uchch kamgirimule, thunkichya tukadyancha ekoon palayan darr chakrivadal tukadyanpeksha qamee hota aanee thunkichya tukadyanche vijay-tota gunottar jaast hote.
ladhau kamandacha mukhya uddesh luftwafechya bombersna rokhane haah hota; vyavharat, jevha shakya asel tevha, german escort ladhau sainikancha samna karnyasathi thunki vaparanyachi yukti hotee, toparyant uttar francemadhye, visheshtah bii. eff. 109 madhye sthit, tarr chakrivadalachya squadranne bombersver hallah keela.
prasiddha spitfire vaimanikanmadhye johnny johnson-34 shatru viman (udaa. aaa) khalee padale gele-jyanni 1940 chya uttaradhapasun 1945 paryant tyanchya karya karkirdit thet spitfire udavale. dugglus badder (20 eae/aii) aanee bobb tuck (27 eae/aii) yanni 1940 chya pramukh havai ladhayanmadhye spitfire aanee chakrivadale udavali. 1941 aanee 1942 madhye francemadhye spitfire udavatana doghannahi golya ghaloon yuddhakaidi karnyat aale aanee teey yuddhakaidi jhaale. 'dhaan' finuken (28-32 eae/aii) neey julai 1942 madhye inglish vahinivar gayab honyapurvi ladhau vimanat tyache serve yash midavale. kahee ullekhaneey rashtrakul vaimanik george beurling (31 eae/aii) canadache, 'navik' mallan (27 eae/aii) dakshin aafrikeche, destrolian (17) aanee destrolian (27) heey hote.
dusya mahayuddhadarmyan aanee tyapalikade, anekada raaf vyatirikt itar havai dalanmadhye, thunkichya aagichya bhoomika adhikadhik vaividhyapurn hott gelya. udaharanarth, spitfire heey rafdware chalavale jaanare pahile uchch-gatiche photo-punarujjivan viman banale. kadhikadhi nihshastra, teey uchch, madhyam aanee qamee unchivar udat asat, bahutekda shatruchya pradeshat durparyant jaaun aksh shaktinche barkaine nirikshan karat asat aanee sampoorn yuddhat maulyavan guptachar mahiticha jawaljawal satat pravah pradan karat asat.
1941 aanee 1942 madhye, pru spitfirene "freya" aanee "wurjberg" radar pranalinchi pahili chhayachitre pradan kelee aanee 1943 madhye, germanychya baltic samudrakinaryavar pinemundeche chhayachitra kadhoon german lock vhee1 aanee vhee2 "vergeltungswafen" ("suud ghenari shastre") rockett tayar karat aahet yachee pushti karnyat madat jhaali.
bhoomadhyasagaramadhye, thukane regia aeronautica aanee luftwafene maltavar kelele jordar halle qamee kele aanee 1943 chya suruvatipasun, cicilly aanee italivareel mitra rashtranchya aakramanancha marg mokala karnyas madat jhaali. 7 march 1942 roji, 15 emm. keey. viruddha 90 gallenchya indhan takya tyanchya potakhali gheuun algeriachya kinanyavarun maltala jaananya vimanane uddan kele. tyaa spitfire viruddha brittonchya baher seva pahanare pahile hote.
spitfirene purv aaghadivar soviet havai dalasah (vvs) dekhil kaam kele. spitfire emm. keey. vhee. bii. prakarachi pahili delivery 1943 chya suruvatila jhaali, jyat 35 vimananchi pahili tukadi irakmadhil basra shaharat sagari margane pathvanyat aalee. ekoon 143 vimane aanee 50 susajj patre (sute bhagansathi vaparali jaatil) tyanantar tyach varshi march. 1943 madhye kahee vimanancha vapar aaghadichya kartvyasathi keela gela asala taree, tyapaiki bahutekanni protivo-vozdushnaya oborona (ingrajih "anty-air defence branch") saha seva pahili. 1944 madhye, yuu. ess. ess. aar. laa lakshaniyaritya sudharit emm. keey. aay. ex. prakar midala, jyat februvarimadhye pahile viman vitarit karnyat aale. suruvatila, hii nutanikaran keleli vimane hotee, parantu tyanantarchi malvahatuk karkhanyat naveen hotee. yaa modelchi ekoon 1,185 vimane iran, iraq aanee arctic marge uttar soviet bandaranna vitarit karnyat aalee. yapaiki done spitfire etch. eff. emm. keey. aay. ess. (uchch-unchi badal) hote tarr urvarit qamee-unchi ell. eff. emm. keey. aay. ess. hote. emm. keey. aay. ex. neey jaanari shevatchi karj-bhadepattichi malvahatuk 12 juuna 1945 roji severodvinsk bandaravar pohochali.
spitfirene paisiphik theatermadhyehi kaam kele, japani mitsubishi aii6emm shoonyala bhetale. ell. tii. jaann. clair chennault mhanaleh "raff vaimanikanna german aanee italian upkarnanviruddha utkrusht paddhatinche prashikshan denyat aale hote, parantu acrobatic japani viruddha aatmahatya kelee hotee."jaree thunkiitka vegwan nasla taree, shoonya thunkila ulatavu shakat hota, atishay tivra konat chadhai tikavoon thevu shakat hota aanee teenpat jaast kaal havet rahoo shakat hota. shoonyacha samna karnyasathi, spitfirechya vaimanikanni 'slash andd runn' dhoran sweekarle aanee kutryanchya ladhatinmadhye badal karane talhat, ladhanyasathi tyancha vegwan veg aanee diving shreshthata vaparali. purvichya emm. keey. vhee. chee jaaga ghet, emm. keey. VIII aavrutti natyagruhat sadar kelee gelee tevha mitrarashtranni havai shreshthatva prapt kele. eka sansmaraniy chakmakit, newzealandcha starr alaan peartney done dozen japani vimananviruddha ektech kutra ladha dett broadway hawaipattiwar hallah keela aanee ekala khalee padale.
aagney ashiya heey qamee-pradhanyache kshetra hote, tyamulehi madat jhaali nahee aanee europechya tulanet tyala kahee thunki aanee itar aadhunik ladhvayye denyat aalee, jyamule japani lokanna 1942 paryant austreliyachya uttarekadil pradeshavar, royal austreliyan havai dalavar aanee raff thunki marnyasathi niyukt kelelya vimananvar havai shreshthatva sahajpane prapt karata aale. 1 wing rafney japani naudal havai dalachya havai hallyapasoon darwin bandar shaharache sanrakshn karnyat madat kelee, jyaa prakarachya maryadit indhan kshamatemule mothya pramanat nuksan sahan karave lagale. spitfire makviisane dusya mahayuddhachya shevatchya ladhait bhag ghetala, jyat barmamadhil pashchatya mitrancha samavesh hota, jaminivaril hallyachya bhoomiket, japani break-out prayatnala parabhoot karnyat madat kelee.
dusya mahayuddhachya kalat, march 1943 madhye republic pii-47 thunderboltsney tyanchi jaaga gheiparyant chauthya ladhau gatat amerikechya lashkarachya havai dalane thunkicha vapar keela.
german lokanni anek thunki pakadalya aanee chachani, moolyankan aanee kadhikadhi guptapane chalavalya jaananya shatru vimananchya tukadyandvare udavalya.
veg aanee unchichya nondi.
1943 chya uttaradhat, dhwani adthala (mhanje, dhwani adthala) jawal vegane pravas karananya vimananchya hatalani vaishishtyanchi tapasani karnyasathi, furnbero yethe uchch-gatee diving chachanya haatee ghenyat aalya.eae., sankuchit prabhavanchi suruvat). tyaa velee konatyahi vimanapeksha tyachi maryadit masheed sankhya sarvadhik asalyane, yaa chachanyanmadhye bhag ghenyasathi spitfire xi nivadanyat aala. yaa divesathi aavashyak asalelya uchch unchimule, ativeg talhanyasathi eka purnapane pankh asalela rottle propeller basavanyat aala hota. yaa chachanyandarmyan, squadran leader jeey. yane udavalele 'aine409'. aar. 45° divemadhye pohochalele (mack 0.891) tobin.
april 1944 madhye, squadran leader anthany eff. yane udavat asatana tyach vimanache engine dusya divemadhye nikami jhaale. jevha propeller aanee reduction gear tutale tevha royal air forceche svayamsevak rakheev martindale. diveney vimanala mack 0.92 varr thewale, jeey piston-engine vimanatil aataparyantche sarvat vegwan nond aahe, parantu jevha propeller bund jhaala, tevha spitfire, aata shepati-judd, zoom-chadhai parat unchivar jhaali. martindale 11 gramchya lodingkhali baher padala, parantu jevha tyala punha jaaniv jhaali tevha tyala viman sumare 40,000 phoot unchivar aadhalale aanee tyache (mool saral) pankh aata kinchit mage vahoon gele. martindalene thunkichi aag havaitalavar parat aananyat yash midavale aanee surakshitpane utarali. martindella tyachya karnamyansathi havai dalacha cross denyat aala.
reey bedford (reey) neey mail emm. 52 supersonic sanshodhan vimanachya stabletterchya (nantar 'flying tail' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya) uchch-gatee chachanisathi thunkimadhye badal keela. reey chachani pilot erich braunane sangitale qee tyane aktoobar aanee november 1944 darmyan yachee yashasviritya chachani kelee, aanee eka dubkimadhye mack 0.86 prapt kele.
5 februwari 1952 roji, hongkongmadhil kaee taka yetheel 81 squadronmadhil 19 tukadyanni thunkun keleli aag hii kadachit thunkun keleli aataparyantchi sarvoch unchi gathali. uddan leftnunt edward "teed" pauls heey vaimanik, havechya baherchya tapmanache sarvekshan karnyasathi aanee yaa bhagatil prastavit naveen havai sevechya tayarisathi vividh unchivaril itar havamanvishayak paristhiticha ahwal denyasathi niyamit uddanavar hote. tyane darshavilelya unchivar, jyachi kharee unchi hotee. kebincha daab surakshit patalichya khalee padala aanee unchi qamee karnyachya prayatnat tyane aniyantrit dubkimadhye pravesh keela jyamule vimanala jordar dhakka basala. akheris tyane khalee kuthetari niyantran midavale aanee tyachya vimanache konatehi nuksan naan hota surakshitpane utarala. nondavalelya uddan mahitichya mulyankanavarun asey soochit jhaale qee tyane dubki martana 0.96 chaa veg (mack) gathala hota, joou upkarane adhik vishvasarh manali gelee asatee tarr propeller-chalit vimanane gathalela aataparyantcha sarvoch veg asata.
spitfirechya mool lambvartulakar pankhachi nirnayak mack sankhya nantar vaparlya gelelya laminar-flow vibhagapeksha jaast hotee, faulo-aun supermarine spitfull, seafang aanee attackerchya saral-tapering-planform vingpeksha jaast hotee, jeey heey darshavate qee hye-speed uddananchya samasyambaddal reginald michelcha vyavharik abhiyantriki drushtikon faldayi tharala hota.
prakar.
vihangavalokan.
matra aar. jeey. michelala spitfirechi rachana karnara abhiyanta mhanoon nyayyapane olakhale jaate, 1937 madhye tyachya akali mrutyucha arth assa hota qee tyaa tarkhenantarcha serve vikas tyacha mukhya draftman joou smith yachya netrutvakhalil sanghane haatee ghetala hota, joou michelchya mrutyunantar supermarinecha mukhya designer banala. jeffrey kwilane namood kelyapramaneh "jarr michelacha janm spitfirechi rachana karnyasathi jhaala asel, tarr joou smithcha janm tyacha bachav aanee vikas karnyasathi jhaala hota."
thunkichya 24 khuna aanee anek up-prakar hote. yamadhye marlinpasoon teey griffon engineparyantchya vikasatil thunki, uchch-gatiche photo-punarujjivan prakar aanee vividh pankhanchi sanrachana yancha samavesh hota. itar konatyahi prakarapeksha jaast spitfire emm. keey. viruddha 6,487 bandhale gele, tyanantar 5,656 emm. keey. aay. ess. tayar kele gele. vividh prakarchya shastrancha samavesh asalele vegvegale pankh bahutansh chinhanvar basavale jaat hote; eka pankhyat aath. 303 inchachya (7.7 miimii) machine ganacha vapar keela jaat asey, bii pankhanmadhye chaar. 303 inchachya (7.7 miimii) machine gunn aanee done 20 miimii (. 79 inch) hispano tofa hotya aanee see kinwa sarvatrik, pankhanmadhye ektar chaar 20 miimii (. 79 inch) tofa kinwa done 20 miimii (. 79 inch) aanee chaar. 303 inchachya (7.7 miimii) machine gunn basavata yet asat. yuddh jasjase pudhe sarkat gele tasatase see wing adhik samanya hott gele. shastrastrancha aanakhi eka prakar mhanje eae wing jyamadhye done 20 miimii (. 79 inch) tof aanee done. 50 inch (12.7 miimii) tapkiri machine gunn hotya. jaree thunkicha veg aanee shastrastre sudharat rahili, taree tyachi maryadit indhan kshamata maryadit shreni aanee sahanshaktih samarpit prakash-punarujjivan bhoomika vagalata, jevha tyachya bandukanchi jaaga atirikt indhan takyanni ghetali tevha tee ayushyabhar "lahan paay asaleli" rahili.
supermarine prashikshanasathi vaparnyasathi tii. emm. keey. VIII mhanoon olakhala jaanara done aasan asalela prakar vikasit keela, parantu konachihi magani kelee gelee nahee aanee keval eka udaharan kadhihi tayar kele gele (supermarine aine32/jee-eden mhanoon olakhale). adhikrut done aasanksham prakarachya anupasthitit, anek airframesche shetat krauryapurn rupantar karnyat aale. yamadhye uttar aafriketil 4 squadran saaf emm. keey. vhee. bii. chaa samavesh hota, jithe cockpitsmore varchya indhan takiaivaji dusari aasan basavali gelee hotee, jaree teey duheri-niyantran viman nasale taree aanee squadran "runn-about" mhanoon vaparale gele asey manale jaate. duheri-niyantrananni susajj asalele keval done aasananche anadhikrut rupantaran kahee russian karj/bhadepatti emm. keey. aay. ess. viman hote. hyanna emm. keey. aay. ess. yuu. tii. aay. mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey aanee tii. emm. keey. VIII chya vadhalelya "bubble" prakarapeksha inline "haritgruh" shailichya duheri chhatracha vapar karoon supermarine prastavanpeksha vegale hote.
yuddhanantarchya yugat, supermarine hii kalpana punarujjivit kelee aanee junya emm. keey. aay. ess. airframesche rupantar karoon, dusya "unchavalelya" cockpitmadhye, jyat budbuda chhatra aahe, asey karoon done aasananchya anek thunki bandhanyat aalya. yapaiki daha prakar tii. aar. 9 nantar bharatiy havai dalala, sahaa ayrish havai dalala, teen royal netherlands havai dalala aanee eka shahee egyptian havai dalala vikale gele. sadhya anek prashikshak astitvat asalyache dnyat aahe, jyat yuu. ess. madheel tii. emm. keey. VIIIi, tii. emm. keey. IX aanee 1944 madhye 485 (aine. zed.) squadrandware karyaratpane udavalele 'grace spitfire' emm. ell. 407 'yaa donhicha samavesh aahe.
sagari.
seafire, heey naav 'see' aanee 'spitfire' pasoon aale aahe, heey spitfirechi naudal aavrutti hotee jee visheshtah vimanvahu jahajanchya operationsathi sweekarli gelee hotee. jaree spitfirechi rachana vahak-deck operationschya khadatar aanee kosalanyachya uddeshane kelee gelee nasali taree, tee tyaa velee upalabdh asaleli sarvottam ladhau viman manali jaat hotee. moolbhut thunkichya rachanene vahak-aadharit ladhau mhanoon vimanachya vaparavar kahee maryada ladalya; udaharanarth, nakavaril kharab drushyamanata mhanje vaimanikanna cockpitmadhun doke kadhoon utaranyasathi aanee tyanchya samudrachya bandarachya aavarakade pahanyache prashikshan dyave lagale. thunkipramanech, samudrachya kinanyalahi tulanene arund antarvahak marg hota, jyacha arth assa hota qee too deck operationsathi aadarshpane yogya navhata. suruvatichya seafirechya khunanmadhye manak spitfire airframe tulanene qamee badal jhaale hote; tathapi sanchayi aaghadichya anubhavacha arth assa hota qee seafirechya nantarchya bahutek aavruttyanni airframe, folding wings, arrester hook aanee itar badalanna balkat kele hote, jyachi parinati uddeshane bandhalelya seafire eff/fr emke 47 madhye jhaali.
yuddhakalin nakali ladhau saravadarmyan jevha donhi prakaranchi ekmekanviruddha chachani ghenyat aalee tevha seafire II qamee unchivar aii6emm5 shoonyapeksha jaast kamgiri karnyas saksham hote. tathapi, eff6eff helcat aanee eff4yuu corser yasarkhya samkalin sahyogi vahak ladhau vimananchi sankhya lakshaniyaritya adhik majboot hotee aanee tyamule vahak karyansathi teey adhik vyavharik hote. jevha seafirechya nantarchya aavrutyanmadhye griffon engine basavanyat aale tevha kamgiri mothya pramanat vadhali. dusya mahayuddhat seva pahanyas tyanna khoop usheer jhaala hota.
griffon-engine prakar.
pahilya rolls-royce griffon-engine emm. keey. xii neey august 1942 madhye uddan kele aanee april 1943 madhye 41 squadrons pahilyanda karyanvit uddan kele. heey chinh patalichya uddanat dhakalu shakate aanee nauu minitanpeksha qamee velat unchivar chadhu shakate.
american ladhau sainikanni yuu. ess. aii. eff. chya divasachya divasachya bombsfotanchya chhapyanche lamb pallyache sanrakshn haatee ghetale, griffon-enginyukt thunkine uttarottar samarik havai shreshthatechi bhoomika sweekarli aanee vhee-1 udatya bombna adavanyat pramukh bhoomika bajavali, tarr merlyn-engine prakaranna (pramukhyane emm. keey. aay. ess. aanee paccard-engine emm. keey. ex. vhee.) ladhau-bombfekichya bhoomikeshi julavun ghenyat aale. jaree nantarchya griffon-engine chinhanni tyanchya merlyn-chalit purvavartinchi kahee anukool hatalani vaishishtye gamavali asali, taree teey ajunahi tyanchya mukhya german shatrunvar aanee nantarchya american aanee british-design kelelya ladhvayyanvar maat karoo shakale.
spitfirechi antim aavrutti, emm. keey. 24,13 april 1946 roji dakshin marsten yethe pahilyanda udali. 20 februwari 1948 roji, prototypechya pahilya uddanapasun jawaljawal baaraa varshanni, shevatchya utpadan spitfire, "vhee. aine. 496" neey utpadan line sodali. spitfire emm. keey. 24s chaa vapar keval eka niyamit raff yunitdware keela jaat asey, jyat 1947 madhye 80 squadran tyanchya ferivalyanchya vadalanchya jaagi eff. emm. keey. 24s neey badalale. yaa vimanansah, 80 squadranne germanytil wonstorff yethoon julay 1949 madhye hongkongchya kaee taak vimantalavar sthalantarit hoiparyant, kabja dalancha bhag mhanoon gast aanee hergirichi kartavye suru thewali. chiinii yadavi yuddhadarmyan, 80 squadronche mukhya kartavya hongkongche kathit communist dhokyanpasun sanrakshn karane heey hote.
malay aanibanichya kalat operation firedogmadhye malay kamyunistanviruddha 1800 hoon adhik operational uddane udatana disali. 1 april 1954 roji 81 squadronchya pii. ess. 888 aii. pii. aar. emm. keey. 19 spitfiredware raff spitfirechi shevatchi operational uddan udavanyat aalee.communist gurilla asalyache manale jaanare maleshiyachya johormadhil jangalatil eka bhagache chhayachitra ghenyasathi teey singapurmadhil raaf celter yethoon uddan karat hote. yaa vishesh prasangi, jaminivaril karmchanyanni vimanachya nakavar 'shevatcha' rung kadhala hota.
9 juuna 1957 roji jhalelya raff sevetil thunkiche shevatche gair-karyarat uddan, tapman aanee aadratechya uddanatil raff woodwallmadhun pii. aar. emm. keey. 19, "pii. ess. 583" dware hote. raffmadheel piston-engine ladhau vimanache heey shevatche dnyat uddan dekhil hote. madhyapurvetil thunki marnara shevatcha desh siriya hota, jyane 1953 paryant aapale eff. emm. keey. 22 thewale.
1962 chya uttaradhat, air marshal surr johnn nicholls yanni britton memorial flightchya ladhaichya tabyat asalelya spitfire "pii. emm. 631", eka pii. aar. emm. keey. 19, raff binbrook yethe nakali ladhait ingraji electric litening eff 3 (eka supersonic jett-engine interceptor) viruddha udavalyavar khatala suru keela. tyaveli, british rashtrakul sainya malayavarun indoneshiyaviruddha sambhavya karvait sahbhagi hote aanee nicholsne indonesian havai dalachya pii-51 mustangshee ladhanyasathi davpech vikasit karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jyaa ladhau vimanachi kamgiri pii. aar. emm. keey. 19 sarkhich hotee. pahilya airframene (pii. emm. 631) yantrik samasya vikasit kelya jyamule teey khatalyamadhun kadhoon takale gele. aanakhi eka pii. aar. emm. keey. 19, "pii. ess. 853", jeey aata rolls-royschya malakiche aahe, teey eka varshapurvi britton memorial flightchya (bii. bii. emm. eff.) ladhaitoon nivrutt jhalele binbrook yethe gett-guard kartvyavar hote. binbrook yetheel ground krudvare teey dhavnyachya sthiteet rakhale gele hote aanee thodya kalanantar teey chachanyanmadhye sahbhagi hott hote. chachanyanchya shevati, raff pilotna aadhalale qee firestrake infra-reed margdarshit kshepanastranna qamee exaust tapmanamule thunki midvanyat adchan yet hotee aanee tyanni tharavale qee julya eden tofanmulech yaa karyasathi yogya ashee ekmev shastre hotee, jee thunkichya ghatt valan vartulamule aanee thunki jaast chalvanyasathi vijechi pravrutti yamule guntaguntichi hotee. assa nishkarsh kadhanyat aala qee aadhunik jett-engine ladhau vimanasathi piston-engine ladhau vimanavar hallah karnyacha sarvat prabhavi aanee surakshit marg mhanje thunkichya aagipeksha qamee unchivar purn afterburnercha vapar karane aanee tyachya mage vartul karoon marane aanee dhavane haah hota.
jiwant viman.
jagbharat 54 thunki aanee kahee sagari aagee havechya yogya sthiteet aahet, jaree anek havai sangrahalayanmadhye sthir pradarshanachi udaharane aahet, udaharanarth, shikagochya vidnyan aanee udyog sangrahalayane sthir julai 87 aar-2/thembasah sthir thunki jodali aahe. stuca dive bombfecki.
sarvat junie jiwant thunkichi aag mhanje marqa 1, anukramik kramank 'keey9942'; tee shropshiremadhil royal air force museum cosfordmadhye jatan kelee aahe. heey 155 weey viman hote jeey april 1939 madhye pahilyanda tayar karnyat aale hote. teey vinaparvana karyanvit jhaale. juuna 1940 paryant 72 squadran raff, jevha chake-up landingmadhye tyache nuksan jhaale. durustinantar, august 1944 paryant tyacha vapar prashikshanasathi keela jaat hota, jevha bhavishyatil sangrahalay sanvardhanasathi havai aitihasik shakhela vatap kelelya brittonchya vimanatil diggajanchya anek ladhayanpaiki hii eka ladhai tharali.
jagatil sarvat moolatah punarsanchayit keleli thunki florida yetheel polk citymadhye uddan karnyachya kalpanet thewali jaate. 1990 chya dashkatil sahaa varshanchya kalavadhit, heey viman tyachya mool vimananchya sumare 90 takke tukadyancha vapar karoon englandmadhil vaiyaktik viman sevandware haloohaloo punarsanchayit karnyat aale. malak kermit veekne vimanala tyachya mool sthiteet shakya titkya jawalun punarsanchayit karnyacha aagrah dharala. machine gunn, tof, bandukichi drushti aanee mool karyarat redio heey serve basavale aahet.
viman punarsanchayit companyne moolatah punarsanchayit kelelya done emm. keey. 1 supermarine spitfire, englandmadhil cambridgeshire yetheel imperial warr museum duxford yethe udanyachya sthiteet aahet. american abjadhish thomas caplan yanni punarsthapit kelelya donhipaiki eka shahee yuddh sangrahalayala daan karnyat aala aahe aanee dusra julai 2015 madhye londonchya christies yethe lilav karnyat aala hota. jagatil keval chaar udananya emm. keey. 1 thunkichya aagipaiki hii eka aahe. 2009 madhye ubharalelya 17 laakh paundanchya thunkicha mageel vikram modat, 9 julai roji jhalelya lilavat yaa vimanane vikrami 13 laakh paund midavale.
cambridgeshire yetheel duxford yetheel shahee yuddh sangrahalayat thunkicha sarvat motha sangrah aahe, jyachya thikani varshabharat bahutek aathvade 15-20 havesathi yogya aanee sthir udaharane aadhaltat. ladhau vimananche sankalan aanee viman punarsthapana company yanchyat 5 teey 10 punarsthapana prakalp dekhil suru asalyachi afava aahe. 
israyali havai dalachya sangrahalayat eka thunki havah vaparnyayogya sthiteet thewali aahe.
spitfire model 'emm. ell. 407' heey carolin grace aanee ticha patee nick yanni 1979 madhye vikat ghetale hote. tyanantar carolin graysney anek pradarshananmadhye spitfire udavale, jyat 2004 madhye dii-dechya 60 vya vardhapan dinachya smaranarth eka hota.
barmamadhye jiwant sapadalelya thunkicha shodh ghya.
1945 madhye ashiyamadhye shatrutva sampalyanantar, anek thararbaji jhalya.XIVs laa teel lavlyanantar, dambari karoon aanee dirghakalin sathavanukisathi tayar karoon, barmamadhil peteet puranyat aale.
2013 chya suruvatila yangon aantarrashtriy vimantalavar (purvi raff mingaladon) karnyat aalelya utkhananat konatyahi afava pasarlelya vimanacha shodh ghenyat ayashasvi tharale aanee yaa chamoone nondavale qee tethe thukya petvoon denyat aalya kinwa puravanyat aalya yacha tyanna konatahi purava sapadala nahee. yuddhachya shevati barmamadhun karyarat asalele raaf pilot patt woodward yanni asey sangitale qee asey konatehi daphan jhaale nahee. 2016 madhye shikar suru asalyache sanganyat aale.
punarsthapana aanee pratikruti.
british sanstha, viman punarsthapana company (aupcharikpane aitihasik uddan maryadit), neey ektar punarsanchayit kele aahe, durusti kelee aahe kinwa udoon takalelya aagiche eka lakshaniy praman survatipasun bandhale aahe jeey aata havesathi yogya aahet. itar anek utpadakanni ektar sampoorn viman mhanoon kinwa swayam-bandhanisathi sanch mhanoon pratikruti thunki tayar kelee aahe. heey 60 takke pramanapasun teey purn aakaraparyantchya pramanat aahet aanee bahutek mool serve-dhatoo ekvatal rachnaaivaji lakadi bandhkam vapartat. yamadhye franceche jurka thunkane aanee canadatil tally hoow udhyoganni tayar kelelya thunkanyacha samavesh aahe. supermarine viman-moolche brisbane, austreliya yetheel aanee aata sisko, texas yethe sthit-80 takke scale spitfire emke26 aanee 90 takke scale emke26bii pratikruti tayar karatat. tyanchya supermarine vimanachya thunkicha puravatha sanch swarupat keela jaato aanee utpadanat asalela haah ekmev sampoorn-aluminium punarutpadan thunkicha prakar aahe. izax spitfire (1975) aanee time warp spitfire emm. keey. vhee. (1996) hii 60 takke scale pratikruti gharee bandhali gelee aahet aanee bobb deford auph prescott, arizona yanni 100% scale pratikruti tayar kelee aanee udavali aahe.
greenwood lashkari vimanchalan sangrahalayat naan udananya thunkichya pratikrutiche dekhil ghar aahe.
prasarmadhyamanmadhil ullekhaneey upasthiti.
brittonchya ladhaidarmyan aanee nantar, thunki britishanchya pratikarshaktiche prateek banleh udaharanarth, laurd beaverbrookcha 1940 chaa 'thunkicha nidhi' hii eka moheem hotee, jyane thunkichya aagikade vyapak lokanche laksh vedhale. airshomadhye, havai kshetranmadhye aanee jagbharatil sangrahalayanmadhye thunkicha bhadka atyant lokpriy aahe aanee anek lokanchya, visheshtah ladhait thunki udavananya ajunahi jiwant asalelya mojkya lokanchya aathvaninmadhye tyache mahattvache sthan aahe. spitfire darshavinare asankhya chitrapat aanee mahitipat ajunahi tayar kele jaat aahet, jyapaiki kahee yaa vibhagat soochibaddha aahet.
vaishishtye (spitfire emm. keey. vhee. bii.).
tisya mahayuddhachya pragatinusar spitfirechya kamgirimadhye mothya pramanat sudharana jhaali; adhik mahitisathi, pahaa.