cyanotoxin

cyanotoxin heey cyanobacteria (jyala nile-hirave shaiwal asehi mhanatat) dware tayar honare vishari padarth aahet. cyanobacteria jawaljawal sarvatra aadhaltat, parantu visheshtah talavanmadhye aanee mahasagarat jethe phosphoruschya uchch sandratekhali, teey phule tayar karnyasathi vegane punarutpadan karatat. fulanare cyanobacteria asha sandratemadhye cyanotoxin tayar karoo shakatat qee teey prani aanee manavanna vish deu shakatat aanee maroo dekhil shakatat. maase aanee kavchatil mashansarkhya itar pranyanmadhyehi cyanotoxin jamaa houu shakatat aanee kavchatil mashanchya vishbadhesarkhya vishari padarthanna karanibhoot tharoo shakatat.
dnyat asalelya kahee sarvat shaktishali naisargik vish mhanje cyanotoxin. tyamadhye shaktishali neurotoxin, hepatotoxin, cytotoxin aanee endotoxin yancha samavesh hoto. navat samanata asoonahi, tyancha sinideshy sambandh nahee. cyanobacteria samparkat aalyane jatharantra-aatadyansambandhi aanee gavatjwar lakshane kinwa tvachevar pural padane houu shakate. cyanobacteria neurotoxin bii. emm. aii. aii. chya samparkat yene heey amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (aii. ell. ess.), parkinson rog aanee alzheimer rog yasarkhya neurodegenerative roganche paryavaraniy kaaran asoo shakate. cyanotoxinsarkhya jaivik neurotoxinchya lashkari kshamatet dekhil swarasya aahe, jyanna "shastrakriyesathi sambhavya umedvar mhanoon vadhate mahatva prapt jhaale aahe."
nilya-hiravya shaiwal kinwa cyanobacteria pranghatak parinam houu shakatat yaa pahilya prakashit ahavalat 1878 madhye 'nisarg' madhye disun aale. george francis yanni austreliyatil murre nadichya mukhat pahilelya shaiwal fulanche varnan 'hiravya teel rangasarkhi jaad ghaan, sumare done teey sahaa inch jaad' asey kele."paanee pinare vanyajeev vegane aanee bhayankarpane maran pavale. sukshmajiv vishari padarthanmule vishbadha jhalyachya bahutansh ghatana godya panyachya vatavaranat ghadalya aahet aanee tyaa adhik samanya aanee vyapak hott aahet. udaharanarth, madhya-paschim united statesmadhye hajaro badake aanee huns dooshit paanee pyayalyane maran pavale. 2010 madhye, prathamach, sagari sastan pranyancha cyanotoxin khallyane mrutyu jhalyachi nond jhaali.
parshvabhoomi.
cyanobacteria heey paryavaraniyadrushtya sagari aanee godya panyachya donhi adhivasanmadhye phototrophic procariotschya sarvat vipul gatanpaiki eka aahet. cyanobacteria fayadeshir aanee hanikarak asey donhi pailu lakshaniy mahatva aahet. teey mahattvache prathamik utpadak aahet tasech cyanotoxin mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya vishari sanyuganchya shrenisah anek duyyam utpadanancha eka prachand srot aahet. vadhalelya manavvanshjanya utrofication aanee jaagtik hawaman badalamule godya panyatil, nadimukhatil aanee kinarpattichya parisansthanmadhye cyanobacteria mubalak vadhis karanibhoot tharalelya hanikarak fulanchi nirmiti aanee prushthbhagavaril paanee dooshit honyabaddal gambhir chinta nirman jhaali aahe.
cyanobacteria heey prakashsanshleshit procariotsche sarvat adim gut manale jaatat aanee bahudha sumare 3.5 abj varshanpurvi pruthvivar disu lagale. teey nisargat sarvatra aahet aanee valvantapasun teey garam zare aanee barfachya thund panyaparyant vividh paryavaraniy thikani bharbharatila yetat. bahutek cyanobacteria heey ann, aushadhanirman, saundaryaprasadhane, shetee aanee urja kshetranmadhye vaparlya vaparlya anek duyyam naisargik utpadanancha prachand srot aahet. shivay, cyanobacteria kahee prajati jordar vadhatat aanee tyanchya jaivbhar aanee vishisht parisansthanmadhil utpadakta yanchya drushtine eka prabhavi sukshmajiv tayar karatat. jagbharatil anek utrophic teey hypertrophic talav, talav aanee nadyanmadhye vishisht cyanobacteria atirikt vadhimule aanee tyanantar vishari sanyuganchya nirmitimule fulanchya nirmitichi nond jhaali aahe. 
godya panyatil aanee sagari parisansthanmadhye parisansthanmadhye cyanobacteriatun cyanotoxin navachya vishari duyyam sanyuganchi eka shreni nondavali gelee aahe. hii vishari sanyuge anek jalchar jeev, jangali aanee/kinwa paliv prani aanee manavanchya astitvasathi atyant hanikarak aahet. vanaspati aanee pranyansah jalchar jeev, tasech vishari fulalelya samruddha parisansthanmadhye parisansthanmadhye phytoplankton aanee zooplankton, vegvegalya cyanotoxin hanikarak parinamanchya thet samparkat yetat. jangali aanee/kinwa paliv prani aanee manavanmadhye honara nasha ektar cyanobacteria tayar tayar vishari peshinchya thet sevanane kinwa cyanotoxine dooshit jhalelya pinyachya panyamule hoto. vegvegalya cyanotoxinchi visharita hii cyanobacteria vadhishi aanee tyanchya vishachya utpadanachya vyaptishi thet pramanbaddh asate. heey dakhavun denyat aale aahe qee vegvegalya cyanobacteriachi vaadh aanee tyanchya vishari jaivsanshleshanavar prakashachi tivrata, tapman, alp tarangalambiche vikiran, ph aanee poshak tatve yasarkhya vividh ajaivik ghatakancha motha prabhav padato. jaagtik tapmanwadh aanee tapmanatil utaar heey prajatinchya rachnet lakshaniy badal karoo shakatat aanee vishari phytoplanktonschya fulanna anukool tharoo shakatat.
asey manale jaate qee cyanotoxin rasayanik sanrakshn yantranet mahatvachi bhoomika bajavtat, jyamule cyanobacterianna itar sukshmajivanpeksha jaganyache fayade midatat kinwa uchch poshan patalidvare shikar rokhata yete. cyanotoxin rasayanik sanketankamadhye dekhil bhag gheu shakatat.
cyanobacteria yaa jivanuncha eka samooh, prakashsanshleshanadvare tyanchi urja midvato, tyadvare cyanotoxin tayar hotat. sayan" haah upsarg greek shabd κüανoς pasoon aala aahe jyacha arth "gadad nila padarth" assa hoto aanee samanyatah varnpatatil nila/hirwa shrenitil anek ranganpaiki konatehi rung soochit karato. cyanobacterianna samanyatah "nila-hirwa shaiwal" asey sambodhale jaate. paramparikpane tyanna shaivalancha eka prakar manale jaat asey aanee junya pathyapustakanmadhye tyancha parichay karoon denyat aala. tathapi, aadhunik srot yala kalbahya manatat; teey aata jivanunshi adhik jawalche sambandhit manale jaatat aanee aahe 'shaiwal' sathicha shabd eukariotic jivanpurta maryadit aahe. aahe shaivalapramanech, cyanobacteria prakashsanshleshi asatat aanee prakashsanshleshi rangdravye asatat, mhanunach teey sahasa hiravya kinwa nilya rangache asatat.
cyanobacteria jawaljawal sarvatra aadhaltat; mahasagar, talav aanee nadya tasech jaminivar. arctic aanee antarctic talav, hotspring aanee sandapani prakriya prakalpanmadhye tyanchi bharbharat hote. teey dhruviy aswalanchya faranmadhyehi rahatat, jyatoon teey hirwa rung detat. cyanobacteria shaktishali vishari padarth tayar karatat, parantu teey antitumer, antiviral, anticancer, antibiotic aanee antifungal kriyakalap, uv snrakshak aanee enzymesche vishisht avarodhak asalele padarth yasah upayukt jaiv sakriy sanyuge dekhil tayar karatat.
hanikarak shaiwal phule.
cyanotoxin bahutekda 'laal bharati' kinwa 'hanikarak shaiwal phule' mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya goshtinmadhye guntalele asatat. talav aanee mahasagaranmadhye phytoplankton navache anek ekpeshiy jeev asatat. kahee vishisht paristhitinmadhye, visheshtah jevha poshak tatvanchi sandrata jaast asate, tevha heey jeev vegane punarutpadan karatat. parinami tayar nirman phytoplanktonchya daat zudupala shaiwal phulane mhanatat; heey shekado chauras kilometer kshetra vyapoo shakatat aanee upgrah pratimanmadhye sahajpane disu shakatat. pratyek phytoplankton kvachitach kahee divasanpeksha jaast kaal jagato, parantu phule aathvade tiku shakatat.
yapaiki kahee phule nirupadravi aahet, tarr itar hanikarak shaiwal phule kinwa habschya shreneet yetat. habsmadhye vishari padarth kinwa rogjanke asoo shakatat jyamule maase martat aanee manavansathi ghatak dekhil tharoo shakatat. sagari vatavaranat, habb bahutek dynophlageletsmule hotat, jaree itar shaiwal vargikarananchya prajati dekhil habb (dietum, flagelets, haptophytes aanee raphidophytes) houu shakatat. sagari dynophlagelate prajati prajati vishari asatat, parantu godya panyachya prajati vishari mhanoon olakhalya jaat naheet. kiman manavansathi taree diatum vishari asalyache dnyat nahee.
godya panyachya parisansthanmadhye, shaiwal phule samanyatah uchch patalichya poshak tattvanmule (utrofication) hotat. phule phoom, mail kinwa chataisarkhi kinwa panyachya prushthbhagavar prushthbhagavar rangasarkhi disu shakatat, parantu tee nehmich disat naheet. phule nehmich hiravi nasatat; tee nilee asoo shakatat aanee kahee cyanobacteria prajati tapkiri-laal rangachya asatat. fulanmadhil cyanobacteria martat tevha panyala durgandhi yeu shakate.
majboot cyanobacterial phule eka kinwa done centimeterparyant drushyamanata qamee karatat. drushtivar avalambun nasalelya prajati (jase qee cyanobacteria swatah) tikoon rahatat, parantu jyaa prajati ann aanee bhagidar shodhanyasathi pahane aavashyak aahe tyaa prajati dhokyat yetat. divasa fulanare cyanobacteria panyala oxygenne paripoorn karatat. ratri shwas ghenare jalchar prani auxigen itake qamee karoo shakatat qee vishisht mashansarkhya sanvedanshil prajati martat. heey samudrachya prushthbhagajaval kinwa thermoclinejaval honyachi shakyata jaast asate. fulanchya velee panyachi aamlata dekhil darroj chakrakar hote, divasa ph 9 kinwa tyahoon adhikparyant pohochate aanee ratri qamee mulyanparyant khalee jaate, jyamule parisansthevar aanakhi bharr padato. yavyatirikt, anek cyanobacteria prajati shaktishali cyanotoxin tayar karatat, jeey fultana itake ekagra hotat qee teey jawalchya jalchar jivansathi aanee pakshi, pashudhan, paliv prani aanee kadhikadhi manavansah fulanchya thet samparkat asalelya itar konatyahi pranyansathi pranghatak tharatat.
1991 madhye austreliyatil darling-barwan nadichya 1,000 kimichya bhagavar 10 dashalaksh dollarschya aarthik kharchane eka hanikarak cyanobacterial fulane parinam keela.
rasayanik rachana.
cyanotoxin samanyatah majjasanstha (neurotoxin), yakrut (hepatotoxin) kinwa tvachela (dermatoxin) lakshya karatat. cyanotoxinchi rasayanik rachana teen vyapak gatanmadhye yeteh chakriy peptides, alkalides 
aanee lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin).
 
bahutek cyanotoxinemadhye anek prakar (anuroop) asatat. 1999 paryant, ekoon 84 peksha jaast cyanotoxin dnyat hote aanee keval thodya sankhyecha changla abhyas keela gela aahe.
chakriy peptides.
peptide heey peptide bandhanni jodalele amino acidche eka lahan polymer aahe. tyanchi rasayanik rachana prathinansarkhich asate, parantu tee lahan asatat. chakriy peptidemadhye, toke jodale jaatat aanee eka sthir golakar sakhali tayar hote. sastan pranyanmadhye hii sthirata tyanna pachanachya prakriyes pratirodhak banavate aanee teey yakrutat jaiv sanchayit karoo shakatat. serve cyanotoxinpaiki chakriy peptides manvi aarogyasathi sarvat jaast chintecha vishay aahet. microsystine aanee nodularins yakrutala vish detat aanee jaast matrechya samparkat aalyane mrutyu houu shakato. dirghkal pinyachya panyat qamee matrechya samparkat rahilyane yakrut aanee itar arbudanna chalana miloo shakate.
microsystine.
itar cyanotoxinpramanech, microsystinala teey tayar karnyasathi shodhalelya pahilya jivanche naav denyat aale, 'microsistis eruginosa'. tathapi, nantar itar cyanobacterial vanshannihi teey tayar kelyache aadhalun aale. microsystein sumare 60 dnyat prakar aahet aanee yapaiki anek fulanchya velee tayar kele jaau shakatat. microsystine-ell. aar. haah sarvat jaast nondavalela prakar aahe, bahudha vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh asalele sarvat june rasayanik manak vishleshan microsystine-ell. aar. sathee hote.
microsystine asaleli phule hii jagbharatil godya panyachya parisansthanmadhil eka samasya aahe. microsystine heey chakriy peptides aahet aanee manavansah vanaspati aanee pranyansathi khoop vishari asoo shakatat. teey mashanchya yakrutat, shimpadanchya hepatopancriamadhye aanee pranij pranyanmadhye jaiv sanchay karatat. teey hepatotoxic aahet aanee manavanmadhye yakrutache gambhir nuksan karoo shakatat. asha prakare teey nodularinsarkhech asatat (khalee) aanee microsysteins aanee nodularins ektritpane tajya aanee khaare panyat bahutek vishari cyanobacterial fulansathi karanibhoot asatat. 2010 madhye, anek sagari udari sukshmasistinane vishari kele hote. sagari dvigun hepatotoxic shelfish vishbadhache sambhavya srot hote. sagari sastan pranyacha cyanotoxin khallyane mrutyu honyache heey pahile pushti kelele udaharan hote.
nodularins.
olakhala jaanara pahila nodularine prakar nodularine-aar hota, joou cyanobacterium "nodularia spumigena" dware tayar keela gela. heey cyanobacterium jagbharatil jalsrotanmadhye baharate. baltic samudrat, 'nodularia spumigena' chee sagari phule hii jagatil kahee sarvat mothya cyanobacterial maas eventspacky eka aahet. (nauu audhyogik deshanche kahee bhag baltic samudrat vahoon jaatat, jyachi uttar samudra aanee atlantic mahasagarabarobar panyachi devanghevan qamee hote. parinami, heey jagatil adhik pradushit jalsrotanpaiki eka aahe (cyanobacteria drushtikonatun, poshak tatvanni samruddha).)
jaagtik staravar, tajya aanee kharya panyat cyanobacterial fulanmadhye asalele sarvat samanya vishari padarth mhanje nodularine kutumbatil chakriy peptide vishari padarth. microsystine kutumbapramane (vareel), nodularins heey shaktishali hepatotoxin aahet aanee yakrutache gambhir nuksan karoo shakatat. teey vanya aanee paliv pranyansathi tasech manavansathi aarogyas dhoka nirman karatat aanee anek kshetranmadhye surakshit pinyachya panyachya purvathyasathi mothee aavhane nirman karatat.
alkalides.
alkalides haah naisargikaritya naisargikaritya rasayanik sanyugancha eka gut aahe jyamadhye mukhytah moolbhut nitrogen anoo asatat. teey cyanobacterias vividh prakarchya jivandware tayar kele jaatat aanee naisargik utpadananchya gatacha bhag aahet, jyanna duyyam chayapachay dekhil mhanatat. alkalides heey manav aanee itar pranyanmadhil vividh chayapachay pranalinvar karya karatat, bahutekda manovikruti kinwa vishari prabhavansah. jawaljawal eksaman, teey kadoo chavdar asatat.
anatoxin-"aaa".
anatoxin-aii, jyala 'atishay jalad mrutyu ghatak' asehi mhanatat, tyachi tapasani 1961 madhye canadatil saskachevan yethe shaiwal fulalelya talavatoon pyayalelya gayinchya mrutyunantar suru jhaali. heey vish cyanobacteria kiman chaar vegvegalya vanshandvare tayar kele jaate aanee uttar america, europe, africa, ashiya aanee newzealandmadhye nondavale gele aahe.
anatoxin-aii pasoon honare vishari parinam khoop vegane vadhatat kaaran teey neurotoxin mhanoon majjatantu peshinvar (neurons) thet karya karate. anatoxin-"aaa" chya samparkat yenyachi pragatishil lakshane mhanje samanvay qamee hone, khechane, aakadi yene aanee shwasan lakva jhalyamule honara jalad mrutyu. snayunshi sanvad sanvad majjatantu uutinmadhye nicotinic acetylcholine receptor navacha receptor asato. yaa receptorsna uttejan dilyane snayu aakunchan hotat. anatoxin-"aii" renu aakarane asato, tyamule too yaa receptorla basato aanee asha prakare too samanyatah receptor, acetylcolindware vaparlya jaanarya naisargik neurotransmitterchi nakkal karato. ekada tyane aakunchan suru kele qee, anatoxin-"aaa" neuronsana tyanchya vishrantichya sthiteet parat yeu dett nahee, kaaran samanyatah heey karya tayar kolinesteresdware teey kharab hott nahee. parinami, snayunchya peshi kayamswarupi aakunchan pavtat, mendu aanee snayunmadhil sanvad viskalit hoto aanee shwas thambato.
yaa vishala atishay jalad mrutyu ghatak mhatale gele kaaran undaranchya sharirachya pokalit injection lavlyanantar kahee minitantach tyala comp, ardhangvayu aanee mrutyu hoto. 1977 madhye, vhee. eff. dii. eff. chee rachana duyyam, chakriy amine alkalide mhanoon nishchit karnyat aalee aanee tyache naav badaloon anatoxin-aii asey karnyat aale. sanrachanatmakdrushtya, teey kokensarkhech aahe. anatoxin-"aaa" madhye satat rus aahe kaaran teey manoranjanatmak aanee pinyachya panyasathi nirman nirman dhokyanmule aanee majjasansthetil acetylcholine receptorschya tapasanisathi haah eka visheshtah upayukt renu aahe. vishari padarthachya pranghatakta mhanje tyat vishari shastra mhanoon uchch lashkari kshamata aahe.
cylindrospermopsin.
austreliyatil paam betavar eka rahasyamay rogachya udrekanantar cylindrospermopsin (sayan kinwa cylinder mhanoon sankshipt) pahilyanda sapadala. sthanik pinyachya panyachya purvathyat 'cylindrospermopsis resiborsky' chya fulanmadhye udrek aadhalun aala aanee tyanantar vishakt padarth olakhala gela. vishachya vishleshanamule 1992 madhye prastavit rasayanik rachana tayar jhaali, jee 2000 madhye sanshleshan sadhya jhalyanantar sudharit karnyat aalee. vishari aanee vishari nasalelya dandgolak-shukranunche anek prakar vegale kinwa sanshleshit kele gele aahet.
cylindrospermopsin heey yakrut aanee mutrapindachya uutinsathi vishari aahe aanee prathin sanshleshan rokhate aanee dii. aine. aii. aanee/kinwa aar. aine. aii. madhye sahasanyojakpane badal karate asey manale jaate. godya panyachya jivanmadhye cylindrospermopsin bioacumulate karnyachya paddhatibaddal chinta aahe. nalakar spermopsin tayar tayar vanshanchi vishari phule samanyatah ushnakatibandhiy, uposhnakatibandhiy aanee shushk kshetrachya jalsrotanmadhye aadhaltat aanee alikadech austreliya, europe, israyal, japan aanee americet aadhalali aahet.
saxitoxin.
saxitoxin (ess. tii. ex.) heey dnyat asalelya sarvat shaktishali naisargik neurotoxinpaiki eka aahe. saxitoxin haah shabd lonee clamchya (saxidomous gigantius) prajatichya navavarun aala aahe, jyachya navane too pratham olakhala gela hota. saxitoxin heey cyanobacteria "enabena" ess. pii. pii. dware tayar kele jaate., kahee "afanizomenan" ess. pii. pii., "cylindrospermopsis" sp., "lingabya" sp. aanee "planctothrics" ess. pii.itarambarobarach). puffer maase aanee kahee sagari dynophlagelets dekhil saxitoxin tayar karatat. saxitoxin shelfish aanee vishisht finfishmadhye jaiv sanchayit hotat. samanyatah vishari shaivalanchya fulanmule dooshit jhalelya shelfishdware saxitoxin sevan kelyane ardhangvayuyukt shelfish vishbadha houu shakate.
soodiyam vahiniche karya sthapit karnyasathi aanvik jivashastrat saxitoxincha vapar keela gela aahe. heey majjatantu peshinchya voltage-gated soodiyam vahinyanvar karya karate, jyamule samanya peshi karya rokhate aanee ardhangvayu hoto. ardhangvayu asalelya shelfishchya vishbadhemadhye vishbadhemadhye neuronal soodiyam vahinya adavalyane eka shithil ardhangvayu hoto joou tyachya piditala lakshananmadhye vaadh jhalyamule shant aanee jagruk karato. mrutyu anekada shwasan bighadamule hoto. saxitoxin heey moolatah vegale kele gele aanee amerikeche sainya tyache varnan karat hote, jyane tyala rasayanik shastra mhanoon 'teased' heey naav dile. rasayanik shastrasanhitechya anusuchi 1 madhye saxitoxin soochibaddha aahe. spicraft' yaa pustakanusar, yuu-2 spiplanechya vaimanikanna sutane ashakya asalyas aatmahatyesathi vaparlya vaparlya saxitoxin asalelya suya denyat aalya hotya.
atocathonotoxin.
cyanobacterial neurotoxin mhanoon atocathonotoxin (aii. eae. tii. ex. mhanoon sankshipt) 2021 madhye aadhalala jyamule vacuolar myelinopathy (vhee. emm.) hote. atocathonotoxin jaivasanshleshan heey godya panyachya pranalinmadhye bromidechya uplabdhatevar avalambun asalyane aanee vishari padarth tayar karnare cyanobacterium "atocathonos hydrilicola" aanee teey epiphytically epiphytically yazman vanaspati (sarvat mahattvache hydrila) yanchyatil parasparsanvad aavashyak asalyane, 1994 madhye takkal asalelya garudanmadhye rogache pratham nidan jhalyanantar atocathonotoxin heey vhee. emm.-prerak vish mhanoon shodhanyas 25 varshe lagali. vish ann-sakhalitun zirpateh itar pranyanpaiki, teey maase aanee panpakshi jase qee kombadya kinwa badkanvar parinam karate jeey cyanobacteriums vasahat asalelya hydrillavar khatat. atocathonotoxin heey takkal garudasarkhya raptorsmadhye sankramit hote, jeey yaa prabhavit pranyancha shikar karatat.
vacular myelinopathyche vaishishtya mhanje mendu aanee pathichya kanyachya kanyachya padarthatil myelinated akshatantunche (intramyelenic edema) vyapak vaculization. madak padarthanchya vaidyakeey lakshananmadhye, chaalan karye aanee drushtiche gambhir nuksan yancha samavesh hoto. prabhavit pakshi vastunmadhye udatat, pohane, udane aanee chalane yamadhye samanvayacha abhav asato, dokyala comp yeto aanee tyanchi pratisadatmakata gamavatat. vishakt padarth jaiv sanchayit jhalyache darshavilyamule, teey manvi aarogyasathi dekhil dhokadayak tharoo shakate ashee chinta aahe. tathapi, sastan pranyanna visharipanachi adyap prayogikdrushtya pushti jhaleli nahee.
lipopolysaccharides.
lipopolysaccharides serve cyanobacteriamadhye asatat. itar cyanotoxiniteke shaktishali nasale taree, kahee sanshodhakanni assa dawa keela aahe qee cyanobacteriatil serve lipopolysaccharides tvachela chidchid karoo shakatat, tarr itar sanshodhakanna vishari parinam itake samanya aahet yabaddal shanka aahe.
amino acid.
bii. emm. aii.
prathinjanya nasalele amino aaml beeta-methylamino-ell-alanine (bii. emm. aii. aii.) heey sagari, godya panyatil, kharya aanee sthaliy vatavaranat cyanobacteriadware sarvatra tayar kele jaate. neuron peshinvaril bii. emm. aii. aii. vishaktatechya achook yantranechi tapasani kelee jaat aahe. sanshodhan vishaktatechya tivra aanee junat asha donhi yantrana suchavate. als, parkinson rog aanee alzheimer rog yasah neurodegenerative rogansathi sambhavya paryavaraniy jokhim ghatak mhanoon bii. emm. aii. aii. chee tapasani kelee jaat aahe.
gallery.
itar cyanotoxina

