
ushna-pipe vivartanik

ushna-pipe vivartanik heey sthaliy grah aanee chandranche shitalan sadhan aahe jyamadhye bahya katheen kavchadvare jwalamukhi hii grahavareel mukhya ushnatechi vahtook yantrana aahe, jyala lithosphere dekhil mhanatat. jevha jwalamukhi hii prushthbhagavaril ushnatechya hastantaranachi pramukh prakriya banate tevha ushna-pipe vivartanshastra suru hote. vitalalele khadak aanee itar adhik asthir grahanche padarth sthanik chhidrandware aavaranatun prushthbhagavar hastantarit kele jaatat. vitalate aanee thund jwalamukhiy padarthanche thurr tayar karoon ghatt hote. navyane futalele padarth varchya bajula jamaa hotat aanee junya tharanna puratat. kavchavar jwalamukhiche thurr jamaa hone aanee tyabarobar kholvar samagriche sthalantar kelyane varvarchya samagriche khalchya dishene hastantaran hote, jenekarun kavach samagri satat grahachya aateel bajus khalee utarate.
jupiterchya chandranpaiki eka asalelya iovaril nirikshananchya aadhare ushnata-pipe vivartanshastra pratham sadar karnyat aale. io hii eka khadkal vastoo aahe jee antargatpane atyant ushna aahe; tyachi ushnata tyachya vilakshan kakshashi sambandhit bharatichya lavchikatedvare tayar hote. teey varanvar aanee vyapak jwalamukhi udrekadvare antargat ushnata sodate jeey prushthbhagavar vitalate. tyache kavach jwalamukhichya padarthanchya tharanni banalele eka jaad, daat aanee thund bahya kavach aahe, jyachi kadakpana aanee takad unch parvatanchya vajanala aadhar dete.
nirikshane suchavatat qee saur mandalatil itar sthaliy grahanchya prarambhik itihasat ashach prakriya ghadalya, mhanje.eae. shukra, chandra, mangal, paaraa aanee pruthvi, heey soochit karatat qee teey jivashma ushnatechya naliche purave jatan karoo shakatat. aaplya saurmaletil pratyek sthaliy vastumadhye kahee thikani ushna-pipe vivartanikta asoo shakate; asha prakare ushna-pipe vivartanikta hii sthaliy vastuchi sarvatrik prarambhik shitalan paddhat asoo shakate.
siddhant.
ushna-pipe vivartanikanmadhye, jwalamukhi hii pramukh ushnatechi vahtook yantrana aahe jyamadhye khadak vitalalele sthanik chhidrandware prushthbhagavar hastantarit kele jaatat. vastuman aanee ushnatechya hastantaranacha sandarbh denara pravah, jevha halnara drav padarth kinwa ushnata strotakade kinwa tyapasoon door aanee vahinyansah sabhovatalachya ghanadvare vahoon netat tevha hoto. jevha aavaranatil khadak panyachya upasthitisaha sambandhit kholivar 1100 teey 2400°seey. darmyan tapman dharan karatat (daab vitalananya tapmanat badal karato) tevha vitalatat. jevha vitalanare ubhya chhidrandware prushthbhagavar pohochatat, tevha teey thund hotat aanee loh aanee magneshiyamne samruddha asalele maphic kinwa ultramaphic khadak tayar karoon ghatt hotat. jevha jwalamukhiche padarth pruthvichya prushthbhagavar varanvar honanya jwalamukhi udrekadvare jamaa hotat tevha eka daat shilamandap tayar hoto. varchya bajula asalele naveen sahitya, grahachya aateel bhagat nirman jhalelya sambandhit riktatesah, varvarchya sathyanchya budnyala karanibhoot tharate. 
jwalamukhichya padarthanchya yaa ubhya vadhimule lithosphereche sankochan hote, kaaran grahanchi aateel golakar kavach vadhatya kholatenusar haloohaloo lahan hott aahet. prushthbhag thund hoto aanee eka thund, daat aanee majboot shilamandal vikasit hote. jwalamukhichya tharanchya aakunchanamule nirman honanya parvatanna daat shilamandal aadhar dete.
dirghkal thund rahilyanantar, thund karananya ushma-paipchya tappyapasoon lagechach, thund karananya grahanna, ektar jhakan vivartanik kinwa plate vivartanik, thund honyachya itihasachya pudhil tappyat pravesh karata yeu shakato.
aay. oo. pasoon prerana.
io, jupitercha chandra, haah eka lahan sthaliy grah aahe, tyachi trijya 1821.6 ± 0.5 kiimii aahe, jyacha aakar chandrachya aakarasarkha aahe. tarihi, io khoop jaast ushnatecha pravah, 60 ~ 160 terrawatt (teadblue) nirman karato, joou pruthvivaril ushnatechya 40 putt jaast aahe. kiranotsargi kshayamule itaki mothee ushnata nirman houu shakat nahee. kiranotsargi kshay itar sthaliy grahanvar ushnata puravato. tyaeivaji, bharati-nirman jhaleli ushnata heey eka changle gruhitak aahe kaaran pruthvi aanee chandrasarkhya jupiter aanee jupitarchya itar mothya chandranni ladalelya mothya bharatichya prabhavakhali io aahe.
yala samarthan denare pahile nirikshan mhanje iover aadhalalela sakriy jwalamukhi. tethe 100 hoon adhik calderes aahet jyancha prasar lavacha pravah mothya pramanat aanee mothya pramanat pasarato. aanee kiman 1200 keey. chya uchch udrek tapmanamule lavachya rachanecha arth pramukhyane gandhak aanee silicates assa lavala jaato. 
vyapak jwalamukhi vyatirikt, parvatrang heey aayochya prushthbhagavaril dusare nirikshan aahe. aayomadhye 100 teey 150 parvat aahet, jyanchi sarasari unchi 6 kiimii aanee kamal unchi 17 kiimii aahe. aadhalalelya parvatanmadhye tyanchya utpatticha konatahi vivartanik purava nahee. dongral bhagat jwalamukhihi naheet.
yaa nirikshananvar jaad shilamandalachya vikasache gruhitak tayar kele aahe. junya siddhantanusar konatyahi sthaliy grahanche lithosphere patal asate. tathapi, 5 qii. mea. jaad patalgol 10 qii. mea. × 10 qii. mea. dongarane ghatalelya 6 keey. bii. aar. chya mothya tanala sahan karoo shakat nahee. tulana karnyasathi, pruthviche lithosphere sahan karoo shakanara kamal taana 2 keey. bii. aar. aahe. asha prakare, jaagtik staravar pasarlelya parvatanni ladalela prachand taana sahan karnyasathi iola daat shilamandalachi aavashyakta aahe.
tyanantar aay. oo. vareel paristhiti spasht karnyasathi ushma-pipe vivartanshastra sadar karnyat aale. haah siddhant prushthbhagavaril jaagtik staravar vitarit jwalamukhi samagriche spashtikaran deto; jaad shilamandalacha vikas; aanee aakunchansheel parvatanchi nirmiti. 
saur mandalatil itar sthaliy grahanmadhil jivashma ushnatechya nall.
2017 madheel sanshodhananusar, serve sthaliy grah sadhyachya tulanet aatoon adhik garam asatana tyanchya suruvatichya vikasat thund honyasathi jwalamukhitun jaau shakatat. saur mandalat, mangal, chandra, paaraa, shukra aanee pruthvi heey purvichya ushnatechya naliketale vivartanik praman darshavtat, parantu sadhya teey hott nahee. 
ushnatechya nalane tayar keleli pruthvi.
pruthvine ushna-pipe vivartanik siddhant palala aanee jwalamukhidware thund jhaali asey eka gruhitak prarambhik pruthvila sadar kele gele aahe. 4. 5 abj varshanpurvipasun, pruthvi 3.3 abj varshanpurvi plate tectonics suru hoiparyant thund houu lagali. plate tectonicschya prarambhache vay willson saykalsarkhya anek puravyandvare satyapit kele jaate.
vidyaman siddhant aanee maryada.
done pramukh vidyaman siddhant prarambhik pruthvi vivartanshastrache spashtikaran detat, mhanje proto-plate vivartanshastrache aanee ubhya vivartanshastrache. 
barberton, dakshin africa aanee pilbara, austreliya yetheel naveen nirikshane 30 kotee varshanhun adhik kaal chalalelya gair-diaperic vikrutichya kalavadhicha konatahi purava darshavit naheet. vikrutee spasht karnyasathi vidyaman siddhantancha vapar karane, vitalalelya dravyanche varchya dishene ulat-themb aakarache ghuskhori haah upay aahe. yaa prakaranat, aadvya halchalincha samavesh asane aavashyak aahe. tarihi, aadvya gaticha konatahi purava sapadu shakala nahee. yachya aadhare, kahee sanshodhakanni prarambhik pruthvivar ushma-pipe vivartanshastra lagoo kele.
ushna-pipe vivartanshastrachya palikade.
jasjasa kaal jaato tasatase, antargat ushnateche utpadan qamee hott jaate aanee prushthbhagache tapman qamee hott jaate tasatase sthaliy grah thund hotat. tyaa varr, pramukh ushnata hastantaran prakriya vahanakade badalat aahe. asha prakare, jevha chaalan ushnata antargat ushnata utpadanapeksha jaast asate tevha ushnata-pipe vivartanshastratun ektar plate vivartanshastra kinwa sthir jhakan vivartanshastrat achanak sankraman hote. 
sthir jhakan mhanje qamee aadvya halchalinsah tulanene sthir aanee sthir majboot thund lithosphere, tarr plate tectonics mhanje anek aadvya halchalinsah firatya lithosphere. 
plate tectonic tappyat, jevha aavarnadvare chalavalelya sanvahani tanane lithospheric shaktivar maat kelee tevha plate tutu lagate. jwalamukhi hii aata pramukh ushnata hastantaran paddhat naslyamule, jaagtik staravar jwalamukhiche sahitya khoopach qamee jamaa hoil. tyanantar vadhatya lithospheric tapman pravanata, i saha eka patal lithosphere vikasit kele jaate.eae. 100 kiimii kholivar 1500 ansh celsius).