
sapanmadhye infrared sensing

infrared thermal kiranotsarg jaananyachi kshamata done vegvegalya sapanchya gatanmadhye swatantrapane vikasit jhaali, eka boide (boa) aanee pythonidae (python) kutumbancha samavesh aahe, tarr dusare crotaline (pitt vipers) kutumbatil aahe. jyala samanyatah pitt organ mhanatat, too yaa pranyanna 5 teey 30 microne meater darmyanchya tarangalambivar moolatah tejaswi ushnata "pahanyas" anumati deto. pitt viperschee adhik pragat infrared bhavna yaa pranyanna prakashachya anupasthititahi achookpane shikar karnyas aanee anek meater durpasoon ubdar vastoo shodhanyas anumati dete. heey avyav pramukhyane shikar shodhak mhanoon vikasit jhaale aahet asey purvi manale jaat hote, parantu alikadil purave asey suchavatat qee teey thermoregulation aanee shikari shodhanyasathi dekhil vaparale jaau shakate, jyamule teey apekshit hote tyapeksha adhik samanya-uddesh sanvedi avyav banate.
jatijanan aanee utkranti.
chehnyavaril khadda pitwhipers aanee kahee boa aanee ajgaranmadhye samantar utkranti jhaala. too ekada pitwhipersmadhye aanee anek vela boa aanee ajgaranmadhye vikasit jhaala. sanrachaneche electrophysiology heey done vanshanmadhye samaan aahe, parantu teey ekoon sanrachanatmak sharirshastrat bhinn aahet. varvarchya bajus, pitwiperschya dokyachya donhi bajunna, dolha aanee nasika chhidra (laureal khadde) darmyan eka motha khadda avyav asato, tarr boa aanee ajgaranmadhye teen kinwa tyahoon adhik tulanene lahan khadde asatat jeey varchya bajula aanee kahivela khalchya othala, skelmadhye kinwa darmyan (labial khadde) asatat. pitwipersche adhik pragat asatat, jyat sadhya khadda sanrachanechya ulat nilambit sanvedanatmak padada asato.
shareer rachnashastra.
pitt vhayparsmadhye, ushnatechya khaddyat rostrummadhye eka khol khajina asato jyachya palikade eka padada pasarlela asato. padadyachya mage, havah bharalela kaksh padadyachya donhi bajunna havecha sampark pradan karato. khadda padada atyant raktavahinyasambandhi asato aanee trikoniya majjatantuchya antim vastumanapasun (antim majjatantu vastuman kinwa tii. aine. emm.) tayar jhalelya asankhya ushnata-sanvedanshil receptors mothya pramanat majjatantu asato. tyamule receptors yaa swatantra peshi nasatat, tarr trigeminal majjatantucha eka bhag asatat. boa aanee ajgaranmadhye aadhalanaya labial khandkat nilambit padada nasato aanee tyat adhik saralpane eka padadyashi reshet asalelya khandakacha samavesh asato joou samanpane majjatantuyukt aanee raktavahinya asato, jaree yaa saap aanee crotallinsmadhye vasculature aakarvidnyan vegale asate. receptor terminalla auxigen pradan karnyavyatirikt, uttejakatun aushnik kiranotsargane garam kelyanantar receptorsna tyanchya thermo-neutral sthiteet vegane thund karane haah vasculature uddesh aahe. jarr heey vasculature nasate, tarr receptor ubdar uttejananchya samparkat aalyanantar ubdar sthiteet raheel aanee uttejana kadhoon taklyanantarhi pranyala nantarchya pratima sadar karel. 
neuroenatomy.
serve prakarananmadhye, chehnyavaril khadda trikoni majjatantune majjatantuyukt hoto. crotallinsmadhye, pitt organchi mahitee parshvik avarohi trikoniya margadvare medulamadhil nucleus reticular calorisla dilee jaate. tethoon, teey paraspar virodhi optic tectummadhye rile kele jaate. boa aanee ajgaranmadhye, kendrak reticularus calorisla vagaloon, labial pitmadhun mahitee thet parshvik avarohi trikoni margadvare viruddha drushtibhakshi vivartkamadhye pathavali jaate.
menducha optic tectum haah yaa infrared sanketanvar prakriya karato. menduchya yaa bhagala itar sanvedanatmak mahitee dekhil milate, visheshtah optic uttejana, parantu motor, propreoceptive aanee shravan dekhil. vivartanmadhil kahee neurons keval drushya kinwa infrared uttejanala pratisad detat; itar sanyukt drushya aanee infrared uttejanala adhik jordar pratisad detat aanee tarihi itar keval drushya aanee infraredchya sanyogala pratisad detat. kahee neurons eka dishene halchal shodhanyasathi tune kelele disatat. asey aadhalun aale aahe qee sarpache jagatil drushya aanee infrared nakashe optic tekatammadhye aachchhadit aahet. hii ektrit mahitee vivartanmarge agramoolashi prasarit kelee jaate.
pitt organmadhil majjatantu tantu satat atishay qamee darane suru asatat. tatasth tapmanachya shreneet asalelya vastoo golibar darr badalat naheet; tatasth shreni hii avyavachya grahansheel kshetratil serve vastoonchya sarasari aushnik kiranotsargadware nirdharit kelee jaate. dilelya maryadechya varr asalelya aushnik kiranotsargamule majjatantu tantunchya tapmanat vaadh hote, parinami majjatantu uttejit hotat aanee tyanantar golibar hoto, tapmanat vaadh houn golibar darr vadhato. majjatantu tantunchi sanvedansheelata <0.001 sase. asalyacha andaj aahe.
khadda avyav varanvar honanya uttejananshi julavun gheil; jarr julavun ghetaleli uttejana kadhoon takali tarr viruddha dishene chadh-utaar hotil. udaharanarth, jarr ekhadi ubdar vastoo sapasamor thewali tarr suruvatila avyavachya aag lagnyachya pramanat vaadh hoil, parantu kahee kalanantar ubdar vastushi julavun gheil aanee khadda avayavat majjatantuncha aag lagnyacha darr samanya hoil. jarr tee ubdar vastoo nantar kadhali gelee tarr khadda avyav aata purvi vyapalela jaaga thund mhanoon nondwell aanee tyamule vastoo kadhoon taknyashi julavun naan gheiparyant golibar darr qamee hoil. anukulan vilamb kalavadhi andaje 50 teey 150 ms aahe.
chehnyavaril khadda pratyakshat pinhole cameapramanech optical tattvancha vapar karoon aushnik kiranotsargachi kalpana karato, jyamadhye aushnik kiranotsargachya strotache sthan ushnatechya khaddachya padadyavaril kiranotsargachya sthanadvare nirdharit kele jaate. tathapi, sanganakachya vishleshanacha vapar karoon chehnyachya khaddyane pahilelya aushnik pratimanchi kalpana kelelya abhyasanni asey suchavale aahe qee sankalp atyant kharab aahe. khadda ughadanyachya aakaramule lahan, ubdar vastunche qamee resolution hote aanee khadda lahan aakaracha aanee tyanantarchya kharab ushnata chalanasah, tayar keleli pratima atyant qamee resolution aanee virodhabhas aahe. heey dnyat aahe qee pratimeche kahee laksh kendrit karane aanee tikshna karane heey bajukadil utaratya trikoni margat hote aanee heey shakya aahe qee vivartanat honare drushya aanee infrared ekikaran dekhil pratima tikshna karnyat madat karnyasathi vaparale jaau shakate.
aanvik yantrana.
infrared prakash shodhala gela asala taree, infrared shodh yantrana photoreceptersarkhi nahee-tarr photoreceptor prakasharasayanik pratikriyandware prakash shodhatat, sapanchya khaddyanmadhil prathine hii eka prakarchi kshanik receptor sambhavya vahini aahe, tii. aar. pii. aii. 1 jee tapman sanvedanshil aayan vahini aahe. teey prakashala rasayanik pratikriya denyaeivaji, khadda avyav garam karnyachya yantranedvare infrared signalchi jaaniv karate. rachana aanee karyat teey bolometer navachya ushma-samvedan yantrachya jaivik aavruttisarkhe disate. heey atyant patal khadda padadyashi susangat aahe, jeey yenanya infrared kiranotsargala dilelya aayan vahineela patkan aanee tantotant garam karnyas aanee majjatantu aavegala chalana denyas tasech aayan vahineela tyachya mool tapman sthiteet vegane thund karnyasathi khadda padadyache raktavahinikaran karnyas anumati deil. yaa yantraneche aanvik purvavarti itar sapanmadhye aadhaltat, parantu prathine donhi khoopach qamee pramanat vyakt kelee jaatat aanee ushnatebaddal khoopach qamee sanvedanshil asatat.
vartanukiche aanee paryavaraniy parinam.
infrared sensing saap heey undeer aanee pakshyansarkhya ubdar raktachya shikaricha shodh ghenyasathi aanee tyala lakshya karnyasathi khadde avyav mothya pramanat vapartat. andh kinwa dolhyanvar patti bandhalele zagamgat disana prakashachya purn anupasthitit shikarala achookpane maroo shakatat, jaree teey tyanchya sharirachya tapmanachya aadhare shikar karananya pranyanche moolyankan karatat asey disat nahee. yavyatirikt, saap jaanunbujun ghatalelya thikananchi nivad karoo shakatat, jyamule shikar infrared paddhatine shodhane sulabh hoil. haah avyav visheshtah shikar pakadanyasathi vikasit jhaala asey purvi manale jaat hote. tathapi, alikadil purave darshavtat qee khadda avyav thermoregulationsathy dekhil vaparla jaau shakato. eka prayogat, jyamadhye eka aswasth karananya garam bhoolbhulaiyyat thund aushnik aashray shodhanyachya sapanchya kshamatechi chachani ghenyat aalee, serve pitt viper heey aashraysthan lavkar aanee sahajpane shodhanyat saksham hote, tarr kharey viper tase karoo shakale naheet. yavarun asey soochit hote qee pitwiper thermorogulatory nirnayanmadhye madat karnyasathi tyanchya khadda avayavancha vapar karat hote. heey dekhil shakya aahe qee avyav shikariaivaji bachavatmak rupantar mhanoon vikasit jhaala asava kinwa anek dabavanmule avyavachya vikasat yogdan dile asave. ajgar aanee boaasmadhil thermoregulation kinwa itar vartanansathi ushnatechya khaddacha vapar adyap nishchit keela gelela nahee.