
sarvajanik vishleshak

sarvajanik vishleshak heey british betanvaril shastradnya aahet jyanche mukhya karya kayadyachya anupalanasathi chachani karoon annachi surakshitata aanee yogya varnan sunishchit karane heey aahe. bahutek sarvajanik vishleshak heey krishi vishleshak dekhil aahet jeey pashukhadya aanee khatanvar asech kaam karatat. aajkal yamadhye ann labeling achook aahe qee nahee heey tapasane samavisht aahe. teey pinyachya panyachi chachani dekhil karatat aanee itar grahak utpadananvar rasayanik aanee jaivik chachanya karoo shakatat. prayogshaletil itar shastradnya aanee tantradnyankadun bahutansh kaam kele jaat asale taree, kamachi achookata aanee ahavalit nikalanvar vyakt kelelya konatyahi matanchya vaidhatesathi sarvajanik vishleshakachi kayadeshir jababdari asate. sarvajanik vishleshakanchi eka sanghatana aahe, jyamadhye itar deshanmadhye bhinn shirshake asalyas samaan bhoomika asalelya sadasyancha samavesh aahe.
itihas.
sarvajanik vishleshakache karyalay ann aanee pey kayadyatil bhesal 1860 dware sthapan karnyat aale hote, pahilya teen niyuktya london, birmingham aanee doublin yethe hotya. 1862 madhye edinbergmadhil heinry littlejohn heey pahile scottish vishleshak hote, jyanni majboot aushadhi parshvabhoomi aanee hushar manasah sarvajanik vishleshanache anek gambhir paay sthapit kele. ann aanee aushadhanchi vikri kayada 1875 neey ann vishleshan anivarya kele aanee ann aanee aushadhanchi vikri kayada 1899 neey tyachi vyapti vadhavali. namune ghenare adhikari samanyatah sthanik sarvajanik aarogya kinwa swachchata samityandvare kaam karatat. 1894 paryant 99 sarvajanik vishleshak 237 ingraji aanee velsh jilhyanvar dekhrekh thevat hote. 1908 saalee london mahanagarpalikemadhye teen ann nirikshak aanee eka ghaat aanee godam nirikshak hote. bradfordne eka nirikshakala niyukt kele jyane 1915 saalee maase aanee chipchya dukananna 756 bhetee dilya. 1930 chya dashakat birminghammadhil karmchanyanmadhye teen patra sahayyak, eka karakoon aanee eka prayogshala paricharak hote. 
upadrav kadhoon taknyacha (ingland) kayada 1855 aanee sarvajanik aarogya kayada 1875 yanni annache namune "serve vajvi velee" ghenyacha adhikar deela. vikrete, nirikshak aanee vishleshak yanchyasathi 3 bhaganmadhye vibhagalele aanee batalyanmadhye seal kelele ann namune ghenyasathi nirikshak, police hawaldar aanee namunedar jababdar hote. khadya pranali portal, manhole aanee khidkyandware tapasani karnyas parvanagi denyasathi tayar kelya gelya hotya. dand aanee turungvasachi shiksha adnyat asali taree khatala chalvane samanya navhate. 1879 madheel namunyanchya 13.8% varoon 1930 madhye bhesal honyache praman 4.8% paryant ghasarale. kshayarogacha sansarg tapasanyasathi nirikshakanna tyanchya aupcharik adhikarkshetrabaheril strotankade dudhache anusaran karnyache adhikar denyat aale. swachchata adhikaanyaanee serve dugdhavyavasayanchi nondani karane aanee swachchatechya niyamanchi amalbajavani karane aavashyak hote. 
1904 madhye sudharit kelyapramane, 1899 chya manchester corporation (samanya adhikar) kayadyat 'dudh kalame' mhanoon olakhale jaanare samavisht hote, jyat adhikanyanna jyaa konee jaanunbujun udarchya kshayarogachya gayinche dudh vikatat tyanchyavar khatala chalavanyache, sankramit gayinna vegale karanyachi aanee udarchya kshayarogachi chinhe darshavinari konatihi gaay adhisuchit karanyachi magani karnyache aanee gavanchi tapasani karnyache aanee shaharala dudh puravnanya kalpanche namune ghenyache adhikar denyat aale. 1910 paryant yaa tartudinchi 67 baroo aanee 24 shahari jilhyanni nakkal kelee hotee.
1874 madhye sarvajanik vishleshakanchya sansthechi sthapana jhaali. 
britton aanee ireland vegale jhalyapasun teey vegvegalya kayadyannusar kaam karatat, parantu sandnya aanee samanya kartavye samaan aahet. mool kaam rasayanik chachani hote aanee haah ajunahi eka pramukh bhag aahe, parantu aajkal annachi sukshmajivashastriy tapasani haah eka mahattvacha upkram aahe, visheshtah scotlandmadhye, jithe sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala dekhil vaidhanik ann parikshak bhoomika paar padatat.
britton.
ann suraksha kayada 1990 haah brittoncha prathamik kayada aahe. serve sthanik adhikaanyaanee sarvajanik vishleshakachi niyukti karane aavashyak aahe, jaree sthanik adhikadhyanpeksha nehmich qamee sarvajanik vishleshak aanee tyanchya prayogshala aahet, bahutek sthanik adhikadhyandvare samayik kelya jaatat. brittonchya mukhya bhoomivar nehmich sarvajanik aanee khajgi kshetratil prayogshalanche mishran rahile aahe. aajahi hii sthitee aahe-parantu teey serve samaan seva puravatat aanee niyuktichya vaidhanik atindware hitsambandhanche sangharsh talhanyachi khatri kelee jaate. sarvajanik vishleshkansathi vaidhanik patratechi aavashyakta aahe, jyala rasayanik vishleshanatil prabhutva (mekema) mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey royal society auph chemistryne pradan kele aahe. hii chachanidware eka vishesh padvyuttar patrata aahe jee ann aanee tyache sambhavya dosh, ann kayadyacha arth aanee ann kayadyachya amalbajavanisathi rasayanik vishleshanacha vapar aanee arth yachee mahitee aanee samajutdarpanachi padtalani karate.
sarvajanik vishleshakanchya prayogshala aantarrashtriy manak bs aine iso/iec 17025:2017 sathee manyataprapt truteey-paksh asane aavashyak aahe.
1980 chya dashakachya madhyat brittenmadhye sumare 40 sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala hotya, jyat 100 hoon adhik niyukt sarvajanik vishleshak hote. 1993 paryant tee 34 prayogshala aanee sumare 80 sarvajanik vishleshkanparyant qamee jhaali hotee aanee 2010 paryant sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshalanchi sankhya keval 26 sarvajanik vishleshkansah 22 paryant qamee jhaali hotee. 2022 paryant brittenmadhye 15 sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala shillak aahet. kahee pramanat gelya dashakanmadhye prayogshalanchya sankhyet jhaleli ghat hii tarksangatata aanee mothya pramanatil arthvyavasthanchya fayadhyanmule jhaali aahe, matra mothya pramanat tee puresha nidhichya abhavamule udbhavali aahe. urvarit kahee prayogshala aata astitvat nasalelya anek prayogshalanpeksha mothya asalya taree, yaa pranalichi ekoon kshamata aata purvipeksha khoopach qamee aahe.
brittenmadhye ann kayadyachi amalbajavani sthanik adhikadhyandvare kelee jaate, pramukhyane tyanche paryavaran aarogya adhikari aanee vyapar manak adhikari. yaa adhikanyanna annache namune ghenyache adhikar asale taree, rasayanik vishleshan kinwa sukshmajivashastriy tapasani aanee tyanantarchya vyakhyenusar jeey ann kayadyache palan karate qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi aavashyak aahe, teey pratyaksh moolyankan anukrame sarvajanik vishleshak aanee ann parikshak, shastradnya, jyanchya patrata aanee anubhav niyamandware nirdisht kele aahet, yanchyadvare kele jaate.
ireland.
cork, doublin aanee galway yetheel sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala ann suraksha pradhikaranala vishleshanatmak seva puravatat.
mukut avalambitva.
yaa betanchya garja bhagvinyasathi pratyek gwernsey, aaysal auph mann aanee jersey yethe eka sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala aahe.
austreliya.
austreliyamadhye eka sarvajanik vishleshak prayogshala dekhil aahe.
sarav qaraa.
sarvajanik vishleshak eka prayogshala chalavato jeeh
ann kayadyachya amalbajavanichya sandarbhat tyanchya madhyavarti bhoomikevyatirikt, sarvajanik vishleshak sthanik adhikanyanna aanee itar vividh kshetranmadhye khajgi kshetrala tadnya vaidnyanik sahayya pradan karatat, udaharanarth teh
namuna.
namune ghene heey mukhyatve sarvajanik vishleshakachya niyantranabaher asate.
annadhanyachi surakshitata tapasane aanee grahakanna purese sanrakshn dene heey sthanik adhikaanyaanche kartavya aahe. teey sadhya karnyasathi, teey tyanchya andajpatrakatil maryadit sansadhane aanee itar magnyanviruddha annavar laksh thevanyachya tyanchya garajemadhye samtol sadhanyacha prayatna karoon namune ghenyachya yojana tayar karatat. sthanik pradhikaranasathichya vishisht namuna yojnet khaleel namunyancha samavesh asoo shakatoh