
johnn dusra comnenos

johnn dusra comnenos kinwa comnenus (; 13 september 1087-8 april 1143) haah 1118 teey 1143 paryant byzantine samrat hota. jyala 'johnn daad beautiful' kinwa 'johnn daad good' () asehi mhanatat, too samrat alexios aay comnenos aanee irene daukaina yancha jyeshth putra hota aanee byzantine samrajyachya comnenian punarsanchayanachya darmyan rajya karnara dusra samrat hota. too eka rajya karananya samratachya potee janmala asalyane tyala 'aaa' chaa darja hota. johnn haah eka pavitra aanee samarpit raja hota, joou ardhya shatkapurvichya manzikartchya yuddhanantar tyachya samrajyache jhalele nuksan purvavat karnyacha nirdhar karat hota.
johnla comnenian samratanpaiki sarvat mahan samrat mhanoon ganale gele aahe. george ostrogorsky yanni tyanchya 'histree auph daad byzantine steet' yaa prabhavshali pustakat, jyache varnan johnche eka shasak mhanoon kele aahe, tyaa 'byzantine steet' yaa tyachya samarthanamule haah drushtikon rujla... chatur vivek aanee uddeshpurn urja yancha samavesh... aanee tyachya kalachya palikade uchch tattvanche hote."tyachya karkirdichya pavasat shatkadarmyan, johnne pashchimekadil pavitra roman samrajyashi yutee kelee, balkanmadhil pecheneg, hungarian aanee sarbancha nirnayak parabhav keela aanee ashiya minormadhil turkanviruddha anek mohimanche vaiyaktikaritya netrutva kele. johnchya mohimanmule purvekadil sattecha samtol moolbhootpane badalala, jyamule turkanna bachavatmak dishene jaanyas bhag padale gele; tyamule tyanni anatolian dweepkalpatil anek shahare, kille aanee shahare punha tabyat ghetali. aagneyela, johnne pashchimetil mainderpasoon purvekadil silicia aanee tarsasparyant byzantine niyantran vadhavale. khristi jagacha neta mhanoon samratachya bhoomikecha byzantine aadarsh darshavanyachya prayatnat, johnne byzantium aanee crusader stateschya sanyukt sainyachya pramukhpadi muslim syriamadhye kooch kele; tarihi tyane jyaa mothya jomane moheem dabali hotee, tarihi johnchya aasha tyachya crusader mitranchya talhanyamule aanee tyachya sainyasah ladhanyas tyanchi anichha yamule nirash jhalya.
johnchya kalat samrajyachi loksankhya sumare 1 kotee lokanparyant parat aalee. johnn dusarachya karkirdiche chaturthansh shatak samkalin kinwa jawalpas samkalin lekhakanni tyache vadil, alexios pahila kinwa tyacha mulga, manuel pahila yanchya karkirdipeksha qamee changlya prakare nondavale aahe. visheshtah johnchya deshantargat rajvatichya kinwa dhorananchya itihasabaddal phaar qamee mahitee aahe.
sharirik swaroop aanee charitrya.
tyrecha lattin itihaskar william yane johnche varnan lahan aanee asamanya kuroop, dolhe, cases aanee rung itka gadad qee tyala 'daad muur' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey asey asey kele. tarihi tyache sharirik swaroop asoonahi, johnla 'caleoness', 'johnn daad good' kinwa 'johnn daad beautiful' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey; yaa topananavat tyachya patracha sandarbh deela gela hota. tyache ivadil doghehi asamanyapane dharmanishtha hote aanee johnne tyanna mage takale. tyachya darbaratil sadasyankadun tyanche sambhashan keval gambhir vishayanpurte maryadit thevane apekshit hote. samratachya tablower dile jaanare ann atishay kifayatshir hote aanee johnne atee aisharami jeevan jagana darbari lokanna vyakhyane dilee. tyanche bhashan sanmananiy hote, parantu teey prasangi punaravartanat guntalele hote. serve nondi sahmat aahet qee too tyachya patnisathi eka vishvasoo patee hota, madhyayugeen shaskatil eka asamanya vaishishtya. vaiyaktik tapashcharya asoonahi, johnla shahee bhoomikechi uchch kalpana hotee aanee jevha heey fayadeshir asel tevha too sampoorn aupcharik vaibhavat disel.
johnn tyachya dharmanishthatesathi aanee tyachya ullekhaneey saumya aanee nyayya rajvatisathi prasiddha hota. kroorata haah niyam asatana, tyala naitik shasakache eka apavadatmak udaharan manale jaate. tyane kadhihi konalahi mrutyudandacha kinwa angachhed karnyacha dand thothavala nahee ashee tyachi khyatee aahe. dandharm mothya pramanat vitarit karnyat aala. yaa karanastav tyala byzantine marcus aurelius asey mhatale gele aahe. tyachya vaiyaktik naitikta aanee dharmanishthechya udaharanane tyane tyachya vayatil shishtacharat lakshaniy sudharana kelee. tyachya aanee tyachya krutinche varnan asey soochit karate qee tyachyakade khoop aatm-niyantran aanee vaiyaktik dhairya hote aanee too eka utkrusht rannitikar aanee senapati hota.
sinhasanavar chadhai.
johnn dusra 1118 madhye tyachya vadilanchya jaagi 'basilius' varr rajya karnara banala, parantu 1 september teey november 1092 chya suruvatichya kalat alexios pahila yane tyala aadhich saha-samrat mhanoon rajyabhishikt kele hote. haah rajyabhishikt asoonahi, johnchya rajyabhishekacha virodh karnyat aala hota. alexios mea johnla tyachya jaagi yenyas anukool asalyache tyachya mulachya saha-samrat padavar jhalelya padonnativarun spasht hote. tathapi, alexioschi prabhavshali patni irene hiney tichya mothya mulacha patee, eenaa komninecha patee, 'seasure' nickephoros brynioscha pathimba darshavala. lahanpanapasunach tichya vadilanchya pahilya saha-samrat constantine dukasshi vivahbandhanat adakalelya annachya swatakade satta aanee sinhasanachya spasht aakanksha hotya. alexioschya antim aajaradarmyan patni aanee mulgi yaa doghannihi tyachya sharirik ashaktapanacha fayda ghet uttaradhikarasathichya tyanchya ajendyachya samarthanarth tyachyavar dabav aanala. alexios yane tyachya ichchit uttaradhikarila aupcharikpane naan badalata yaa satatchya maganya sahan kelya. 15 august 1118 roji alexios manganachya mathat maran pavala asatana, johnn, vishvasoo natevaikanvar, visheshtah tyacha bhau isaq komnenosvar avalambun rahoon, mathat pravesh keela aanee tyachya vadilankadun shahee synet ring midavali. tyanantar tyane aaplya sashastr anuyayanna ekatra kele aanee vatet nagarikancha pathimba gola karat mothya rajvadyat gela. rajvadyachya rakshakane suruvatila johnla tyachya vadilanchya ichchecha spasht purava naan deta pravesh denyas nakar deela, tathapi, naveen samratachya sabhovatalachya jamavane fakt pravesh karnyas bhag padale. rajvadyat johnn haah prashansit samrat hota. aashcharyachakit jhalelya irenela ektar tichya mulala padd sodanyasathi patvoon dene kinwa nickephorosala sinhasanasathi ladhanyas pravrutt karane shakya jhaale nahee. tathapi, alexioschya mrutyuchya aaspaschya kalat rajvadyat jhalelya konatyahi uthav prayatnat, visheshtah johnchya bahinicha sahbhag, yaa ghatanancha hii vruttant, annachya alikadil charitrat vadgrast aahe. 
tyachya mulachya satta midvanyachya nirnayak nirnayanantar tyaa ratri alexioscha mrutyu jhaala. johnne tyachya aaichya vinantinantarhi tyachya vadilanchya antyavidhila upasthit rahnyas nakar deela, kaaran tyala ulatya sattapalatachi bheeti hotee. matra, kahee divasantach tyanchi sthitee surakshit asalyache disun aale. matra, tyachya rajyabhishekachya eka varshachya aat, johnn dusra yane tyala ulthavoon taknyacha cutt ughad keela, jyamadhye tyachi aaee aanee baheen sameel hotee. annacha patee nickephorosala tichya mahattvakankshambaddal farshi sahanubhooti navhati aanee tyachya pathimbyachya abhavamulech haah cutt udhalala. annachi malmatta kadhoon ghenyat aalee, jee samratacha mitra johnn exochla denyat aalee. kuhwad shahanpanane qamee jhaali aanee tyachya prabhavamule akheris annachi malmatta teela parat kelee gelee aanee johnn dusra aanee tyachi baheen yanche kiman kahee pramanat samet jhaale. irene eka mathat nivrutt jhaali aanee itihaskarancha qamee sakriy vyavasay swikarat annala sarvajanik jivanapasun prabhavipane kadhoon taknyat aale asey disate. matra, nikephorosache tyachya mehunashi changle sambandh rahile. johnchya swatachya shabdanchya agadi thodya nondinpaiki eka tyachya viruddhachya katabaddal aahe; too mhanato qee sinhasanavar baslyanantar, devane "majhya drishyaman aanee adrushya shatrunchya chaturaichya katancha naash keela aanee majhya serve shatrunna majhya payakhali aanananya pratyek sapalyatun majhi sutka kelee". swatachya uttaradhikarache rakshan karnyasathi, johnne september 1119 chya sumaras tyacha lahan mulga alexios yala saha-samrat mhanoon rajyabhishek keela.
lashkari aanee nagri prashasana.
sinhasanavar tyachya uttaradhikarala aavhan denanya kautumbik shadayantranmule kadachit johnchya shasanavaril drushtikonamadhye yogdan midale, jeey shahee kutumbabaheril purushanna uchch padavar niyukt karane hote. jawaljawal serve varishtha prashasakeey aanee lashkari padey bharnyasathi shahee kutumbacha aanee tichya anek sambandhancha vapar karananya tyachya vadilanchya paddhatinpasun heey eka aamulagra vegalepan hote.
johnn exch haah johnn dusaracha sarvat jawalcha sallagar hota aanee tyacha ekmev jivhalyacha mitra hota. exch haah eka turk hota, joou nikeyachya vedhyat lahan asatana pakadala gela hota, joou johnchya vadilanna bhet mhanoon denyat aala hota. samrat alexiosne tyala aaplya mulasathi eka changla sathidar manale hote aanee mhanoon too shahee gharat rajkumarabarobar vadhala hota. johnn dusra yachya rajyabhishekanantar, axachla tabadtob grand domestic (greekmadhyeh δομέστικος, "megas domesticos") mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. grand domestic haah byzantine sainyacha pramukh senapati hota. asey suchavale gele aahe qee johnchya uttaradhikari manuel I chya karkirdichya suruvatila exchya shahee shikkachya tabyat aalyachya sandarbhancha arth assa hota qee too tyachya lashkari kartvyanvyatirikt, samrajyachya nagri prashasanacha pramukh hota. heey eka anadhikrut padd hote jeey tyaveli 'mesazone' mhanoon olakhale jaat hote aanee vazir kinwa 'pantpradhan' chya samatulya hote.'ashee niyukti ullekhaneey hotee aanee alexios I chya rajvatiche vaishishtya asalelya gharaneshahipasun eka aamulagra prasthan hote. shahee kutumbala yaa nirnayabaddal kahee pramanat naraji hotee, jeey jevha jevha teey johnn exochla bhetatat tevha tyanna tyala naman karane aavashyak hote yaa vastusthitimule adhik drudh jhaale.
aaplya kutumbala aaplya sarkarvar konatyahi mothya pramanat prabhav takanyachi parvanagi denyachi johnchi anichha tyachya urvarit karkirdit sthir rahili. johnne tyachya vadilanchya anek vaiyaktik sevakanchi varishtha prashasakeey padanvar niyukti kelee, jyapaiki eustatheos camitz, michaelitzes stipeots aanee george decanos yanchyasarkhya purushanchi niyukti kelee. heey asey purush hote jyanna pahilya alexioschya karkirdichya nantarchya varshant johnchya aaeene kelelya varchasvachya kalat rajkiyadrushtya grahan kele gele hote. johnn dusra yane anek 'naveen purushanna' pramukhata midvoon dilee, yamadhye gregory taronitescha samavesh hota jyanna protovestearios, manuel enemas aanee theodor watatz mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote, nantarche doghe tyache javai dekhil jhaale. shahee kakshet naveen kutumbe aananyache johnche vivah dhoran, kadachit duca, diogenes aanee melicenos kutumbansarkhya kahee pramukh kuleen kulancha prabhav qamee karnyachya dishene nirdeshit kele gele asave, jyapaiki kahinni purvi swatah samrat nirman kele hote.
shahee kutumb aanee tyachya sambandhanvarche jawalche avalambitva sodunahi, johnchya darbarat aanee sarkarmadhye tyachya vadilanchya darbarat anek samanata hotya, kiman tyachya gambhir swarat aanee dharmanishthet taree. kharey tarr, rajkiy sallyancha eka vidyaman sangrah, jyala 'moosai' mhanatat, too alexios pahila yala shrey deela jaato. moosai' thet johnn dusra yala sambodhit kele jaatat aanee itar goshtimbarobarach, tyachya karkirdit nyay aanee sampoorn khajina rakhanyasathi tyala aavahan kele jaate. tyamule junya samratachya mrutyunantarhi alexioscha shasanavaril sallah tyachya mulala upalabdh rahila.
johnn dusarachya mohimanmule byzantine western anatoliamadhye lashkari suraksha aanee aarthik sthairya vadhalyane tyala yaa pradeshanmadhye aupcharik prantiy pranalichi sthapana suru karnyas anumati midali. philadelphiya yethe prashasakeey kendrasah, threcatianchi sankalpana (prant) punha sthapit karnyat aalee. threcatianchya dakshines mylasa aanee melanaudian navachi eka naveen sankalpana tayar karnyat aalee.
sebastocrator" isakche katkarsthan.
johnn dusra yacha dhakata bhau, isaq, haah rajyabhishekachya sankatadarmyan aavashyak aadhar denara hota. tathapi, sarvoch nyayalayin padvi, 'sebastocrator' hii dilee gelee asali taree, isaq nantar tyachya bhavapasun door gela aanee eka sakriy katkar banala. johnn exauch sarkhya swatachya nivadichya vishvasoo sallagaransah aanee nantar tyacha mulga aanee saha-samrat alexioschya pathimbyamule, johnn dusra yane samrajyachya prashasanat isackla konatihi arthpurn bhoomika dilee nahee. alexios I chya karkirdit "sebastocratorus" neey lakshaniy satta midavali hotee aanee isakala tyach patalivaril adhikar swatahvar hastantarit honyachi apeksha hotee. hii apayashi tharavaleli mahattvakanksha kadachit tyachya bhavachya rajvatimule isakcha bhramniras karoon takte. isakcha uddesh tyachya bhavachi jaaga samrat mhanoon ghene haah hota. 1130 madhye johnla isaq aanee itar shrimantancha samavesh asalelya katabaddal jaaniv jhaali, jevha too turk viruddha moheem suru karnyasathi jaat hota. jevha johnne isakala tabyat ghenyacha prayatna keela, tevha nantarcha paloon gela aanee danishmend amir gazikade paloon gela, jyane tyacha sweekar keela aanee nantar tyala trabizondmadhil gabradeschya vibhakt byzantine rajvatit pathavale. tyanantar isaq ramcha seljuk sultan masood aanee tyanantar silician armeniyacha rajkumar leocha atithi banala. byzantine simhasana baljabarine midvinyasathi isaq yaa rajkumarankadun madat magat hota, ashee shakyata aahe. ashee yutee pratyakshat aalee nahee, parantu isackne constantinopalmadhye majboot pathimba kayam thewala asalyache disate. 1132 madhye johnla mohimetoon ghaighaine paratave lagale, jevha tyachyaparyant batami pohochali qee constantinopalmadhil katkaryanni isakala tyancha shasak honyasathi aavahan kele aahe. 1133 madhye kastamunila tabyat ghetalyanantar johnne sajra kelela vijay haah bahya shatrunchya parabhavachya utsavat moort samrat mhanoon johnchya vaidhatechi sarvajanik pushti mhanoon pahila jaau shakato. 1138 madhye yaa bhavancha kahee kalasathi samet jhaala aanee isaq constantinopalkade paratala; tathapi, eka varshanantar isakala herakalia pontikala nirvasit karnyat aale, jithe too johnche urvarit ayushya rahila. isaacne niyukt kelelya vyapak kalakrutinmadhye, tyane tyacha porpherogenate darja aanee tyache shahee vadil, alexios I yanchyashi asalele tyache sambandh barechase banavale, parantu tyane tyacha bhau johnshey asalelya tyachya natyabaddal kinwa tyachyakadun midalelya "sebastocrator" yaa padvicha farsa kinwa konatahi sandarbh deela nahee.
mutsaddegiri.
german samratanshi (pavitra roman samrajya) yutee rakhane haah pashchimekadil johnn dusra yachya pararashtra dhoranacha madhyavarti siddhant hota. dakshin italichya normanne nirman kelela dhoka balkanmadhil byzantine pradeshaparyant maryadit thevanyasathi heey aavashyak hote. sisilichya dusya roggerne dakshin italimadhye swatahla sarvoch sthan midvoon rajachi padvi swikarlyanantar haah dhoka visheshtah tivra jhaala. samrat lothair tisra yala 1136 madhye norman pradeshavar kelelya aakramanasathi mothya aarthik anudanasah byzantinecha pathimba hota, joou bariparyant dakshinekade pohochala. pope nirdosh dusra, italitil charchchya malmattesah, antipope anacletus II laa pathimba denanya roser II chya dhokyat, lothair aanee johnn II chya yuticha dekhil paksh hota. tathapi, hii yutee rojarcha pratikar karnyat asamarth tharali, jyane 1139 madhye popkadoon (mignanocha taha) tyachya shahee padvila baljabarine manyata dilee. johnchya sarvat lahan mulasathichya manuelsathi 1140 madhye lothearcha uttaradhikari conrad tisra yachyashi shahee german vadhusathi sampark sadhala gela. conradchi mehuni, sulzbackcha bertha nivadala gela aanee byzantiumla pathvanyat aala. tyach velee dusya roggerne johnn dusra yala tyachya mulasathi shahee vadhusathi arj keela, parantu tee ayashasvi tharali.
hangeriche shasak asalelya aaplya patnichya kutumbat hastakshep karanyachi johnchi aavad samasyapradhan hotee. hangerichya sinhasanachya padchyut davedaranche constantinopulsmadhye kelele swagat byzantine eka upayukt vima policy aanee rajkiy labhancha srot mhanoon pahile. tathapi, hungarian lokanni yaa hastakshepala ladhaichi baab mhanoon pahile. sarbambarobarchya hungarian yutimule paschim balkanmadhye byzantine varchasva kayam rakhanyasathi gambhir parinam jhaale.
purvekadil johnne, tyachya vadilanpramanech, iconiumcha seljuk sultan aanee anatoliachya ishanya, antardeshiy bhaganvar niyantran thevana danishmendid rajgharanyatil farkancha fayda ghenyacha prayatna keela. 1134 madhye seljuk sultan masoodane danishmendchya tabyat asalelya castamuni shaharavar (1133 chya byzantine vijayanantar lagechach punha vyapalele) johnchya hallyasathi sainya puravale, tathapi, seljuk sainyane moheem sodoon dilee aanee ratri pall kadhala mhanoon hii yutee avishvasaniy tharali.
leventchya yoddha rajyanmadhye samanyatah heey manya kele gele hote qee antiokvaril byzantine dave kayadeshiraritya vaidh hote, jaree vyavharikdrushtya asey pahile gele hote qee jevha byzantine samrat tyanchi lashkari amalbajavani karnyachya sthiteet asato tevhach tyanna vyavharat manyata milanyachi shakyata asate. johnchya leventmadhil mutsaddegiricha uchch bindu 1137 madhye hota jevha tyane antyokhiyache sansthan, edessa county aanee tripoli kauntichya shaskankadun aupcharik shraddhanjali kadhali. serve yoddha rajyanvar varchasva rakhanyachi byzantinechi ichcha gambhiryane ghetali gelee, jyavarun jerusalem rajyat dakhavalelya dhokyacha purava midato, jevha johnne raja phulkala pavitra shaharatil sashastr tirthyatrechya tyachya yojanechi mahitee dilee (1142).
dharmik baabee.
johnn dusarachya karkirdit jawaljawal satat yuddh suru hote aanee, dharmik aanee saiddhantik vadanmadhye sakriy sahbhag ghenyat aanandit asalelya tyachya vadilanchya vipareet, johnn charchchya baabee constantinopalachya vishvavyapi kulguruvar aanee charchchya padanukramavar sodanyat samadhani asalyache disate. jevha dharmane popachya rajvatishi aanee greek aanee lattin charchchya sambhavya sanyogachya sambandhanmadhye, thet shahee dhoranavar parinam keela, tevhach johnne sakriy sahbhag ghetala. tyane greek aanee lattin dharmashastradnyanmadhye anek vaad nirman kele.
johnne tyachya dharmik aanee dharmaday karyat sahbhagi asalelya tyachya patnisobat, constantinopalmadhye khrist pantocratorchya (zerek masheed) mathachya bandhkamasah mothya pramanat charchchi imarat haatee ghetali hotee. teen churchs yaa mathache varnan madhya byzantine constantinopalachya sarvat mahattvachya aanee prabhavshali sthapatya bandhkamanpaiki eka mhanoon kele gele aahe. mathala jodalele 5 prabhaganche eka rugnalay serve samajik vargatil lokansathi khule hote. yaa rugnalayat bhikshunaivaji prashikshit samanya doctorancha staff hota. teen charchchya madhyabhagi seent komaniyan yanna samarpit asalele comnenian antyeshti prathanasthal hote. michael. tyala jule ghumat hote aanee mathachya 'typicon' madhye 'veer' chya swarupat asalyache varnan kele aahe; heey pavitra preshitanchya charchmadhil constantine aanee justinianchya junya samadhiche anukaran karate.
polyon aanee bogomil pakhandanchya anuyayancha atishay sakriy chhal haah alexios I chya karkirdichya shevatchya kahee varshanche vaishishtya aahe. johnchya karkirditil konatyahi nondinmadhye asha chhalancha ullekh nahee, jaree byzantine charchane vidharmi krutyanviruddha kelele pratiuttar lagoo rahile. constantinopalmadhil kayamswarupi dharamsabha constantine chrysomalos navachya mrut bhikshuchya lekhanacha tapas karat hotee, jeey kahee mathanmadhye firat hote. yaa kamanna, tyanni bogomil shraddha aanee paddhatinche ghatak samavisht kele yaa karanavarun, meey 1140 madhye constantinopleche kulguru, lio steepis yanni jaalanyache aadesh dile hote.
johnne mahattvachya padavar thevalelya shahee kutumbatil mojkya sadasyanpaiki eka, tyacha chulat bhau adrian comnenos (johnche kaka 'sebastocrator' isaq yancha mulga) hota. adrian eka sadhu banala hota, tyane johnn heey mathatil naav sweekarle hote aanee 1138 chya tyachya mohimanmadhye samratasobat gela hota. tyanantar lagechach, adrianla bulgariacha archbishop mhanoon ohridcha johnn chautha mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. bulgaria haah eka swayamprerit sainik hota aanee tyala archbishop mhanoon pratishthit vyaktichi aavashyakta hotee.
lashkari karvaya.
jaree tyane anek ullekhaneey ladhaya ladhalya, taree johnn dusarache lashkari dhoran sanrakshanatmak seema bandhanyasathi tatbandi asalelya vasahati ghene aanee dharan karane yavar avalambun hote. johnne tyachya karkirdit vaiyaktikaritya andaje panchvis vedha ghatala.
petchenegs nasht jhaale (1122).
johnne seljuk turkancha parabhav karoon nairutya anatoliavar aapale niyantran prasthapit kele. tathapi, tyanantar lagechach, 1122 madhye, johnne danube simepalikade paristrianmadhye pechenegchya aakramanala tond denyasathi tyache sainya twarit europemadhye hastantarit kele. heey aakramankarte kivachya rajkumaranche sahayyak hote. johnne pechenegsala vedhale, tyanna fasavoon vishvas deela qee too tyanna anukool karar deil aanee nantar tyanchya tatbandi asalelya chhavanivar vinashkari achanak hallah keela. tyanantarchi beroyachi ladhai katheen hotee, johnchya payala banane dukhapat jhaali hotee, parantu divasachya akheris byzantine sainyane jabardast vijay midavala hota. ladhaicha nirnayak kshan assa hota jevha johnne varangian gardche netrutva kele, jyat mukhytah ingrajancha samavesh hota, bachavatmak pecheneg wagon legarvar hallah karnyasathi, tyanchya prasiddha kuhadincha vapar karoon tyancha marg hack karnyasathi. yaa ladhaine swatantra lock mhanoon pechenegcha prabhavi ant keela; sangharshat pakadale gelele anek kaidi byzantine simevar sainik-shetkari mhanoon sthayik jhaale.
venisashi sangharsh (1124-1126).
tyachya rajyabhishekanantar, johnn dusra yane tyachya vadilanchya venis prajasattakashi jhalelya 1082 chya kararachi pushti karnyas nakar deela hota, jyane italian prajasattakala byzantine samrajyat adviteey aanee udar vyapar adhikar dile hote. tarihi dhoranatil badal aarthik chintanmule prerit navhata. venesian lokanni shahee kutumbatil eka sadasyacha gairavapar kelyachya ghatanemule dhokadayak sangharsh jhaala, visheshtah byzantium tyachya naudalachya samarthyasathi venisvar avalambun hota. kerkiravar byzantinechya pratyuttaratmak hallyanantar, johnne venesian vyapanyanna constantinoplecadoon haddapar kele. parantu yamule aanakhi suud ugavala aanee 72 jahajanchya venesian tafyane roads, chios, samos, lesbos, andros lutale aanee ionian samudrat kephaloniya tabyat ghetala. akheris johnla kararavar yenyas bhag padale gele; yuddhasathi tyala tyachya mulyapeksha jaast kharch karava lagat hota aanee naveen jahajanchya bandhkamasathi too shahee bhudalakadun naudlala nidhi hastantarit karnyas tayar navhata. johnne august 1126 madhye 1082 chya tahala punha pushti dilee.
hungarian aanee serb lokanshi yuddh (1127-1129-kalkram anishchit).
johnchya hungarian rajkumari piroskashi jhalelya vivahat tyacha hangeri rajyachya rajvanshvadi sangharshanmadhye samavesh hota. hungarian sinhasanacha aandhala davedar almosla aashray detana johnne hungarian lokancha sanshay nirman keela. dusya stephenchya netrutvakhalil hangeriyananni nantar 1127 madhye byzantiumchya balkan prantanvar aakraman kele, 1129 paryant shatrutva tikale; tathapi, 1125 madhye jhalelya hungarian hallyasah aanee byzantine sudbuddhisaha 1126 madhye shatrutvachya nutanikaranasaha paryayi kalkram suchavala gela aahe. johnne sarbanvar dandatmak chhapa takala, jyanni dhokadaykaritya swatahla hangerishi jodale hote, jyapaiki anekanna pakadale gele aanee lashkari vasahati mhanoon seva denyasathi ashiya minormadhil nicomediamadhye nenyat aale. heey anshatah sarbanna adheen karnyasathi (serbia, kiman nammatra, eka byzantine snrakshak rajya hote) aanee anshatah turk viruddha purvekadil byzantine seema majboot karnyasathi kele gele. sarbanna punha ekada byzantine adhipatya swikaranyas bhag padale gele. hangeriviruddhachya yuddhat done vegvegalya tappyanmadhye serbian moheem jhaali asavi. hungarian lokanni belgrade, nish aanee sofiyavar hallah keela; johnn, joou thressmadhye philipopolisajaval hota, jyane danubever karyarat asalelya naudalachya naukechya tafyane pathbal deuun pratikar keela. eka aavhanatmak mohimenantar, jyache tapasheel aspasht aahet, samrat hungarian aanee tyanchya serbian mitranna haram kinwa crammonchya killyavar parabhoot karnyat yashasvi jhaala, joou aadhunik nova palanka aahe; teey paar karat asatana pool kosalalyane anek hungarian sainik marle gele. yanantar hungarian lokanni branisever hallah karoon shatrutva punha suru kele, jyachi johnne lagech punarbandhani kelee. pudhe, zantine lashkari yashanantar, choniets anek sahbhagancha ullekh karatat, jyamule shantata purvavat jhaali. byzantinechya branisevo, belgrade aanee zemunvaril niyantranala pushti midali aanee tyanni 1060 chya dashakapasun hungarian asalela syrmiumcha pradesh (jyala chonietsmadhye frangocorian mhanatat) dekhil parat midavala. hungarian dhong karnara almos 1129 madhye maran pavala, jyamule gharshan honyache pramukh srot door jhaale.
anatolian turk viruddha yuddh (1119-20,1130-35,1139-40).
johnchya karkirdichya suruvatila turk paschim ashiya minormadhil byzantine simeviruddha pudhe sarkat hote. 1119 madhye seljukanni anatoliachya dakshin kinanyavaril atalia shaharacha bhoomarg kapla hota. johnn dusra aanee exch daad grand domestic yanni 1119 madhye laodiciala vedha ghatala aanee punha tabyat ghetale aanee 1120 madhye vadalane sozopolis tabyat ghetale, jyamule ataliashi jameen sampark punha ughadala. haah marg visheshtah mahattvacha hota kaaran yamule silicia aanee syriachya yoddha rajyanna dekhil chalana midali.
hangeribarobarchya shatrutvanantar, johnn tyachya urvarit bahutansh varshant ashiya minerver laksh kendrit karoo shakala. tyane 1130 teey 1135 yaa kalat varchya euphratesvaril malatya (melitin) yethe danishmendid amirativiruddha varshik mohima haatee ghetalya. tyachya utsahi mohimemule, ashiya minormadhye vistar karnyache turkey prayatna thambavanyat aale aanee johnn shatruparyant ladhai karanyachi tayari karat hota. yaa pradeshavar byzantine niyantran punarsanchayit karnyasathi, tyane turkanviruddha suniyojit aanee amalat aanalelya mohimanchya malikeche netrutva kele, jyapaiki ekamule castamonu (kastra comnenon) yetheel komnenoichya purvajanchya gharacha punha vijay jhaala; tyanantar tyane gangra yethe 2,000 sainikanchi chhawani sodali. johnne tyachya shatrunkadun ekapathopath eka balekilla midvat, bhint todanara mhanoon patkan eka prachand pratishtha midavali. manzikartchya yuddhanantar samrajyachya hatoon haravalele pradesh parat midavale gele aanee tyanna surakshit sthan denyat aale. tarihi, visheshtah ishanyekadil danishmendmadhun, pratikar jordar hota aanee naveen vijay midvanyache katheen swaroop heey yaa vastusthitivarun spasht hote qee, jaree johnn byzantine rajvatikade paratanyacha utsav sajra karat asatana, turkanni castamonula punha tabyat ghetale hote. johnn matra dheer dharala aanee castamonune lavkarach punha ekada haat badalale.
1139chya vasant rutumadhye, samratane turk, bahudha bhatkya turkman, jeey sangarios nadichya kathavaril pradeshanvar chhapa takat hote, tyanchya kalpanna hakaloon deuun tyanchya udarnirvahachya sadhananvar hallah karat hote, tyanchyaviruddha yashasvi moheem rabavali. tyanantar tyane danishmend turkanchya virodhat antim pherii kadhali, tyache sainya bithinia aanee paphlagoniamarge kalya samudrachya dakshin kinanyavar pudhe gele. trabizondmadhil constantin gabranchi vibhakt jhaleli byzantine shasson samapt jhaali aanee kaldiyacha pradesh thet shahee niyantranakhali parat aanala gela. tyanantar johnne gherav ghatala parantu 1140 madhye neocezeria shahar tabyat ghenyat too ayashasvi jhaala. byzantinecha turkanaivaji paristhitimule parabhav jhalah hawaman khoop kharab hote, sainyachya mothya sankhyene ghode maran pavale aanee tartudi durmil jhalya.
silicia aanee syriamadhye prachar (1137-1138).
leventmadhye, samratane crusader rajyanvar varchasva rakhanyachya byzantine davyanna balkati denyacha aanee antiokiyavar aapale adhikar prasthapit karnyacha prayatna keela. 1137 madhye tyane armeniyan siliciachya sansthanatun tarsus, adana aanee mopsuestia jinkale aanee 1138 madhye armeniyacha rajkumar levon pahila aanee tyachya kutumbatil bahutekanna constantinopalmadhye bandivasat aanale gele. yamule antyokhyachya rajvaticha marg khula jhaala, jithe 1137 madhye poettierscha raymond, antyokhcha rajkumar aanee edesachi ganana karnara joselin dusra yanni swatahla samratache samant mhanoon olakhale. agadi tripolichi ganana karnara raymond dusra dekhil johnla shraddhanjali vahanyasathi uttarekade dhawla, tyachya purvavartyane 1109 madhye johnchya vadilanna dilelya shraddhanjalichi punaravrutti kelee. tyanantar johnne byzantium, antyokh aanee edesachya sainyache netrutva karoon byzantium, muslim siriyaviruddha sanyukt moheem haatee ghetali. aleppo hallah karnyasathi khoop majboot siddha jhaala, parantu balat, bizza 'aaa, athreb, marat all-numan aanee kafartabche kille hallyane tabyat ghetale gele.
syriatil mohimet johnne jaree khrishchan hetusathi kathor ladha deela, taree tyache mitra antiokcha rajkumar raymond aanee edesacha count joselin dusra heey shazer shaharala vedha ghalanyas madat karnyaivaji tyanchya chhavanit passa kheloon aanee mejwani karat rahile. yoddha rajkumaranna ekmekambaddal aanee johnbaddal sanshay hota aanee yaa mohimet sahbhagi houn dusyalaaa fayda houu naye asey tyanna vatat hote. remandla antyokhiyala dekhil dharoon thevayache hote, jeey tyane aleppo, shaizer, homes aanee haamaa yanna tabyat ghenyat moheem yashasvi jhalyas johnla denyas sahmati darshavali hotee. lattin aanee muslim srot vedha ghalanyat johnchi urja aanee vaiyaktik dhairya yanche varnan karatat. shahar tabyat ghenyat aale, parantu killyane hallyala virodh keela. shaizarchya ameerne mothee nuksan bharpai denyacha, johncha jagirdar honyacha aanee varshik khandani denyacha prastav thewala. johnne aaplya mitranvarcha serve vishvas gamavala hota aanee zengichya netrutvakhalil muslim sainya shaharala mukt karnyacha prayatna karnyasathi yet hote, mhanoon samratane anichhene haah prastav swikarla. siliciavar seljukne kelelya hallyamule aanee pashchimekadil ghadamodinmule samrat vichalit jhaala, jithe too sisilichya normansdware nirman jhalelya dhokyachya virodhat nirdeshit german yuticha pathpurava karat hota. josselin aanee raymond yanni antiokcha killa samratachya tabyat denyache vachan denyas vilamb karnyacha cutt rachala, jyamule johnn aanee sthanik greek samudayakade nirdeshit shaharat lokpriy ashantata nirman jhaali. johnkade siriya sodoon tyachya mahattvakanksha keval anshatah purn karnyashivay paryay navhata.
antim mohima (1142).
1142 chya suruvatila johnne atalia (antalya) dware aaplya sanvadachya marganna surakshit karnyasathi iconiumchya seljukanviruddha moheem rabavali. yaa mohimedarmyan tyacha motha mulga aanee saha-samrat alexios tapane maran pavala. aapala marg surakshit kelyanantar, johnne syriamadhye eka naveen moheem suru kelee, jee antyokhiyala thet shahee rajvat karnyasathi qamee karnyacha nirdhar karat hotee. yaa mohimemadhye jerusalemla niyojit tirthayatra samavisht hotee jyavar tyacha sainya ghenyacha hetu hota. jerusalemcha raja phulk, prachand lashkari balacha vapar karoon samratachi upasthiti tyala aadaranjali vahanyas aanee tyachya rajyavaril byzantine adhipatyala aupcharikpane manyata denyas adthala aanel yaa bhitine, samratala fakt eka vinamra snrakshak aananyachi vinavani kelee. mothya pramanat napik asalelya tyachya samrajyachya mothya sainyachya margas pathimba denyat asamarthatecha ullekh fulkne keela. yaa saumya pratisadamule johnn dusra yane aapali tirthayatra pudhe dhakalanyacha nirnay ghetala. johnn uttarekadil syriavar vegane khalee utarala, jyamule edesacha joselin dusra yala tyachya changlya vartanachi hummy mhanoon tyachya mullis bandhu karnyas bhag padale. tyanantar tyane shahar aanee tyacha killa tyachya tabyat sopavanyachi magani karat antyokhiyakade kooch kele. poitierscha raymond velesathi khelala, aanee prastav antiochen general asemblichya matdanat thewala. hangamat pragati hott asatana johnne pudhil varshi antyokhiyavaril hallyache nutanikaran karnyacha prastav thevun, aaplya sainyala siliciatil hiwali nivassthani nenyacha nirnay ghetala.
mrutyu aanee uttaradhikar.
antyokhiyavaril navyane honanya hallyasathi aapale sainya tayar kelyanantar, johnne siliciatil vrushabh parvatavar jangali dukkarchi shikar karoon anand lutala, jithe tyane chukun vishari banane swatacha haat kapla. johnne suruvatila jakhmekade durlaksh kele aanee tee sankramit jhaali. apghatanantar kahee divasanni, 8 april 1143 roji bahudha septisemiyamule tyacha mrutyu jhaala. asey suchavale gele aahe qee johnchi hatya tyachya lattin vanshachya sainyachya tukadyanmadhil katamule jhaali hotee, jeey tyanchya antyokhyachya saha-dharmandhanshi ladhanyat nakhush hote aanee jyanna tyacha pashchimatya samarthak mulga manuel sinhasanavar basvaycha hota. tathapi, prathamik strotanmadhye yaa gruhitkala farach qamee ughad samarthan aahe. samrat mhanoon johnchi antim krutee mhanje tyachya jiwant mulanpaiki sarvat lahan asalelya manuella tyacha uttaradhikari mhanoon nivadane. johnne tyachya mothya bhavavar izackiveji manuel nivadanyachi done mukhya karane sangitali asalyache nondavale aaheh izackchi aspashtta aanee manuelne neocessoriachya mohimevar dakhavalele dhairya. aanakhi eka siddhantanusar, yaa nivadiche kaaran ayma bhavishyavani hote, jyat johncha uttaradhikari assa asava jyache naav 'emm' neey suru jhaale asave asey bhakit kele hote. yogyaritya, johncha jawalcha mitra johnn exauch, jaree tyane maran pavana samratala yashasathi isaq haah sarvottam umedvar asalyache patvoon denyasathi kathor prayatna kele hote asey nondavale gele asale taree, manuelchi satta gruheet dharane konatyahi ughad virodhapasun mukt hote heey sunishchit karnyat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali.
johnn dusaracha varsa.
itihaskar johnn berkenmeier yanni assa yuktivad keela qee johnche rajya heey comnenian kalatil sarvat yashasvi hote. daad development auph daad comnenian armi 1081-1180" madhye, too johnchya yuddhapratichya drushtikonachya shahanpanavar bharr deto, jyat ladhaya dhokyat ghalanyaivaji gherav ghalanyavar laksh kendrit kele gele hote. berkenmeier assa yuktivad karato qee maryadit, vastavadi uddishtansah varshik mohima suru karnyache johnche dhoran tyachya nantarcha mulga manuel I peksha adhik vivekpurn hote. yaa drushtikonanusar, johnchya mohimancha byzantine samrajyala fayda jhaala kaaran tyanni vishvasarh simancha abhav asalelya samrajyachya madhyavarti bhagache sanrakshn kele, tarr haloohaloo ashiya minormadhye tyacha pradesh vistarla. turkanna bachavatmak khelee karnyas bhag padale gele, tarr johnne sisilichya normanschya virodhat pavitra roman samratashi yutee karoon aapali rajnaitik paristhiti tulanene sopee thewali.
ekandarit, heey spasht aahe qee johnn dusra comnenosne samrajya tyala sapadalyapeksha barech changle sodale. tyachya mrutyuchya veleparyant, lakshaniy pradesh parat midavale gele hote aanee madhya anatoliavar niyantran midvane aanee euphratesvar seema punha sthapit karane hii uddishte sadhya karnyayogya vataychi. tathapi, anatoliachya aateel bhagatil greek lokanna turkey rajvatichi adhikadhik savay hott hotee aanee anekada teey byzantiumpeksha adhik yogya asalyache tyanna vatale. tasech, jaree leventchya anatolian turk, serb aanee crusader rajyanmadhun sambhag aanee samanti rajvat midvane tulanene sope asale, taree samrajyachya surakshesathi yaa sambandhanche thos fayadhyanmadhye rupantar karane durmil siddha jhaale hote. yaa samasya tyachya pratibhavan aanee asthir mulasathi sodavalya gelya, jyane too sodavanyacha prayatna keela.
kutumb.
johnn dusra comnenosne 1104 madhye hangericha raja ladyslaus pahila yachee mulgi hangerichi rajkumari piroska (tiche naav irene asey thewale gele) hichyashi vivah keela; hangericha raja coleman yachyakadun kahee pradesh gamavalya gelyachi bharpai mhanoon yaa lagnacha hetu hota. dharmanishtha aanee tyanchya mothya santatisathi swatahla samarpit karoon tine sarkarmadhye farsa sahbhag ghetala nahee. irene 13 august 1134 roji maran pavali aanee nantar teela sant irene mhanoon poojale gele. johnn dusra aanee irene yanna 8 mule hotih