karmukt shahar

karmukt shahar heey loksankhyeche kendra aahe jeey pramukhyane shahari bhagatil vahatukisathi sarvajanik vahtook, chalane kinwa cycle chalavanyavar avalambun asate. jyaa jilhyanmadhye motaryukt vahananvar bandee aahe tyanna qaar mukt kshetra mhatale jaate. jaate shatkachya uttaradhat gardi aanee payabhoot suvidhanchya samasyanmule aanee prastavit paryavaraniy aanee jivanachya gunvattechya fayadhyanmule qaar-mukt shahar modelsna aakarshan midale aahe. ashiya, europe aanee aafriketil 2010 chya dashkaparyant, anek shaharanmadhye automobilechya utpattipoorvichya sthapanemule karmukt kshetre kayam hotee, tarr aashiyatil anek vikasansheel shahare tyanchya payabhoot suvidhanche aadhunikikaran karnyasathi prastavit modelcha vapar karat hotee.
vaishishtye.
shahar purnapane kinwa anshatah karmukt asoo shakate. purnapane karmukt shahare shaharachya haddit khajgi gadyanchya serve vaparavar bandee ghalatat, tarr anshatah karmukt shaharanmadhye karmukt kshetre aahet parantu itar bhagat kahee khajgi gadyanchya vaparas parvanagi detat. heey kshetra shaharachya madhyabhagi kendrit asatat. karmukt shahar prakalpanchi rachana karaivaji lokanchya garjannusar kelee jaate, jyat kaljipurvak kshetrankan kele jaate jyamule varr gatishilata aanee karyaksham sanrachanatmak niyojan vadhate.
karmukt shaharachi rachana karnyasathi konatahi vishisht aarakhada nasla taree, jagbharatil anek shaharanna khaleel modelchya prakaransah yash midale aahe.
eka ramaniy karmukt shahar done kshetranni banalele asateh nivasi kendra aanee seva aadharit parigh. madhyabhagi sarvajanik jaaget nivassthane aanee nivassthanancha samavesh asato. yaa bhagatil motar vahtook qamee karnyasathi, chalane heey vahatukiche prathamik sadhan aahe aanee cycleche marg atirikt mhanoon khule aahet. parinami, motar vahtook aanee nivassthananmadhye sangharsh qamee hoto. shaharachya anek bhaganna jodoon, padchari aanee cycleche jaale dekhil haloohaloo udayas yete.
nivasi gabha samavisht karnari parigh, supermarket aanee vyayamshala yasarkhya seva aanee suvidhanni banaleli aahe. yaa suvidha aanee gabha yanchyatil antar heey vaparachya varanvartedvare nirdharit kele jaate, jyat adhik varanvar vaparale jaanare shahar kendrachya sarvat jawal asate. chalanyache antar qamee karane, nivasi pravesh sudharane aanee naveen rastyanchya payabhoot suvidhanchi garaj qamee karane yaa uddeshane yaa suvidhanche shaharbhar vikendrikaran kele jaeel. vikendrikrut sanrachanecha paryay mhanje daat dukane aanee sevanni vedhalela kendriya sarvajanik vahtook thamba, joou chalalyashivay sahaj sarvajanik pravesh pradan karato.
qaar mukt shaharachya baher vahtook kshetre aanee shaharatil nivassthanandvare vaparlya vaparlya qaar park aahet. shaharachya chaukabaherchya qaar parkmadhye shaharachya parighaparyant pravesh midato, parantu madhyabhagaparyant pravesh pratibandhit aahe. anekada, lokanna tyanchi gaadee tethe park karata yavee aanee/kinwa shaharat vahatukiche paryayi sadhan ("park aanee ryde") gheta yave yasathi shaharachya bahereel bhagat parkingchi vyavastha kelee jaate. heey jaale kendrikrut aayat/niryat aanee kachara sankalan yasarkhya sadhansamagrichya ghatkansathi parvanagi dete.
prerana.
karmukt shaharakade sankraman (kinwa nirmiti) karnyachya prerananmadhye vayoo pradushan aanee dhwani pradushanat ghat, tasech parkingchi jaaga aanee rund raste yasarkhya vahan payabhoot suvidhansathi purvi vaparlelya jaminiche punarvitaran karanyachi kshamata samavisht aahe. visheshtah vikasansheel deshanmadhye, sadhyachya payabhoot suvidha, rastyanche anukulikaran aanee naveen bandhkam karoonahi, khajgi vahananchya vadhishi julavun gheu shakat naheet.
paryavaraniy parinamanchya sandarbhat, shahari bhagat kendrit asalelya gadyanchi sankhya qamee kelyane havechi gunavatta sudharu shakate aanee aavaj qamee houu shakato. asey manale jaate qee vahananchya pradushanamule jagbharat andaje 184,000 mrutyu hotat aanee gadyanna jaast loksankhyechya bhagapasoon door thevalyane yaa pradushanacha parinam qamee houu shakato. yavyatirikt, barcelonamadhye superballock lagoo karnyachya bhavishyatil yojananmule 65 dii. bii. peksha jaast dhwani pradushanachya samparkat samparkat nivasi loksankhyeche praman 42.5% varoon 26.5% paryant qamee houu shakate.
jaminiche punarvitaran karnyachya kshamatebabat, shaharachya madhyabhagatil sumare 70 takke jameen anek yuu. ess. madhye aahe.ess. shaharanche vatap gadyanchya vaparasathi kele jaate. parkingchi jaaga aanee itar qaar-judd jaaga kadhoon takalyane keval vayoo aanee dhwani pradushan qamee hott nahee tarr jaminicha vapar itar karanansathi karanyachi sandhee milate. jarr jaminiche yogya prakare punarvitaran kele gele tarr shahari ushnatechya betavaril parinam dekhil qamee houu shakato, joou concrete aanee dambar ekhadya bhagatil hiraval badaltat tevha hoto, parinami albedo aanee itar parinamanmule tapmanat vaadh hote. vhietanamsarkhya vikasansheel deshanmadhye, rastyanche anukulkaran, naveen payabhoot suvidha nirman karane aanee dhorananmadhye badal karoon rahdarila aala ghalanyache prayatna, motaryukt pravah qamee karoo shakale naheet. serve rahivashanchya vahatukvishayak garja purn karat jivanacha darja sudharnyas madat karnare naveen qaar-mukt shahar model sadar karnyasathi karshan aahe.
prakriya.
gardichya shaharanche karmukt shaharanmadhye rupantar karnyachya sadhyachya prayatnansathi, serve bhagdharkanshi sallamasalat baithka ghene, jase qee tauun holl, sanganakache pratirupan karane aanee raste bund honyapurvi aanee nantar rahdari mojane aanee yojana lagoo jhalyanantar nirbandhanchi amalbajavani karane yasarkhya kahee vyavasthapanachya aanee samajik upayayojananchi aavashyakta aahe. europeey mahasanghat parivartan hott asalelya anek shaharanni amalbajavanipurvichya sallamsalatipasun teey aarakhadyaparyant, amalbajavaninantarchya tyanchya margdarshak tattvanchi ruparesha aakhali aahe.
raste aanee chauras bund jhalyanantar, vaiyaktik qaar vahatukisathi, padchari aanee cycleche jaale haloohaloo udayas yete aanee shaharachya anek bhaganna jodate. tyachpramane, motar vahtukishi sangharsh talhanyasathi aanee varr halchal vadhavanyasathi tyach garjemule prerit houn, minnepolis skyway pranalipramanech mothya downtown bhaganna jodanyasathi rastyavaril patalichya khalee (bhoomigat shahar) kinwa rastyachya patalichya varr varr jaale udayas aalee aahe. shaharanchya kinwa naveen shaharanchya simevaril naveen kshetransathi, done naveen purak kalpana udayala aalya aahet. filter kelelya pargamyatechi sankalpana (2007) aanee shahare aanee upavibhaganchya niyojanasathi eka model-fused greed (2003). donhihi donhihi aanee cyclechya halchalinchya bajoone jaale rachanecha samtol badalnyavar laksh kendrit karatat.
parinam.
karmukt shahari aarakhadyanchya thet parinamanmadhye anek motar vahananmadhye vaparlya jaanarya jwalansheel prakriyanmule braselsmadhye pradushakanchya nirmulanamule havechi gunavatta vadhane, qamee jhalele dhwani pradushan aanee engine aanee vahan vaparashi sambandhit jaminivaril compan aanee shahari ushnatechya betavaril prabhav qamee karane yancha samavesh hoto. aanakhi eka parinam mhanje vahan-sanlagn vahan-sanlagn aanee cycleswaranche apghat aanee mrutyu qamee hone. apratyakshapane, sansadhanancha karyaksham, shashvat vapar aanee vastoo aanee lokanchya jalad vahatukidvare, karmukt shaharanche uddisht rahivashanchya jivanacha darja sudharane heey aahe.
paryavaran.
paryavaraniy parinamanmadhye haritgruh vayunchya utsarjanat ghat tasech aavajachya patalitil sudharanancha samavesh hoto. madridmadhil shaharachya madhyabhagi gadyancha pravesh maryadit kelyanantar, nitrogen oxidechi patali 38 takkyanni aanee shaharachya madhyabhagi carbon dioxide 14.2% neey ghasarali. sampoorn madrid shaharat nitrogen oxidesathi 9 takke aanee carbon dioxidesathi 2 takkyanni yaa utsarjanat ghat jhaali. yavyatirikt, qaar-mukt kshetranchi amalbajavani karoon vahananchya vahtukishi sambandhit sabhovatalachya aavajachi patali qamee kelee jaau shakate, jase qee qaar-mukt ravivari braselsmadhye braselsmadhye 10 dii. bii. chya dhwani pradushanat ghat jhalyamule disun yete.
aarthik.
harit kshetrachi vaadh aanee sudharit arthvyavasthecha laabh karmukt bhagatil rahivashanna gheta yeto. madridmadhye, shaharachya madhyabhagi gadyanchi upalabdhata maryadit kelyane mukhya kharedi rastyavar grahakancha kharch 9.5 takkyanni aanee sampoorn madridmadhye 3.3 takkyanni vadhala. yavyatirikt, netherlandsmadhil qaar-mukt kshetranchya rahivashanna sthavar malmattechya vadhatya mulyancha fayda jhaala aahe, tathapi, qaar-mukt bhagat qaar park karoo naan shakalyamule shejarchya gair-qaar-mukt kshetranna galatila samore jaave lagale aahe. yamule yaa kshetranjaval puresha parkingchi garaj aanee heey kshetra asman aahet qaa haah prashna thalakpane yeto. tasech, qaar-mukt rachana vahatukichya paryayanna maryadit karatat. shaharanmadhye tyanchya vahan avalambitvachya pramanat farak asato aanee shahari rachana eksandra kshetra modelche anusaran karate. asha prakare, upnagar aanee upnagaranmadhye upnagaranmadhye lokanna madhya aanee shrimant nivasi bhagansathichya punarvikas yojnanmadhye farsa fayda honar nahee aanee aateel shaharat soyiskar pravesh gamvava lagoo shakato.
vaiyaktik.
vaiyaktik parinam heey lokanna sharirikdrushtya adhik sakriy rahnyas protsahit pravas jaageche punarujjivan karnyashi sambandhit aahet, mug teey pravasasathi asso, vyayamasathi asso kinwa vishrantisathi. shahari vistar qamee jhalyamule, karvar avalambun asalelya samajanmadhil vegalepana aanee aliptapanamule nirman jhalelya qamee samajik aanee saundaryatmak samasyanmule mansik aarogyache parinam sudharat asalyache manale jaate.
udaharane.
europe, ashiya aanee aafriketil anek junie shahare motargadichya aagmanachya shatakanpurvi sthapan jhaali hotee. shaharachya sarvat junya bhagat, visheshtah jyaa bhagat gadyanna basane ashakya aahe, udaa., anekanmadhye ajunahi karmukt kshetre aahet.jee., arund gallyanmadhye.
venis.
aadhunik shahar karshivay purnapane kase karya karoo shakate yache udaharan mhanoon venis shahar kaam karate. hii rachana nakalat hotee kaaran yaa shaharachi sthapana 1500 varshanpurvi jhaali hotee, jee motargadichya shodhachya khoop aadhichi gosht hotee. shaharat vahan vahan abhyagatanni kinwa jyanchyakade gaadee aahe asha rahivashanni tyanchi gaadee shaharabaheril karparkmadhye park karavi aanee nantar payee kinwa railwayne shaharat pravesh karava. shaharatil vahatukichi pramukh paddhat payee chalane aahe, matra shaharachya kalvyanmadhun pravas pravas motoryukt waterbus (vaporetti) dekhil upalabdh aahet.
barcelona.
ciity councilchya 2014 chya shahari gatishilata yojanecha eka bhag mhanoon, barcelona, spenne nauu shahar block rund sthapanesahchya jaaga lagoo kelya aahet, jyanna "superblocks" mhanoon olakhale jaate. yaa blockchi parimiti serve qaar aanee ciity basesasathi khulee asate, tarr aateel bhagat fakt sthanik rahdarila parvanagi asate jee 10 kiimii/tashi qamee vegane pravas karane aavashyak aahe. shaharachya sarkarne yaa yojnesathi anek uddishte uddhrut kelee aahet, jyat adhik shashvat gatishilata aanee sarvajanik thikananche punarujjivan samavisht aahe. covid-19 mahamarine barcelonachya sanghatanet aamulagra badal ghadavun aananyachya prastavanna janm deela, jase qee covid-19 nantar shaharachya punarrachanesathi jahirnama, barcelonamadhye prakashit jhaala aanee 160 shikshantadnya aanee 300 vastuvishardanni swakshari kelee, jyat karche eka pramukh ghatak mhanoon nirmulan kele gele.
neuremberg.
1970 chya dashakapasun, germanytil neurembergne tappyatappyane pramukh vahan vahtook margika bund kelya aahet, jeey mothya pramanat karmukt shahar kendra aahe. 1988 madhye, shaharane chachanichya aadharavar shaharachya madhyabhagatun jaanari shevatchi wahanmarg bund kelee. eka varshanantar, yaa parivartanamule ekoon vahananchya vahatukicha pravah 25 takkyanni qamee jhaala aanee havechya gunavattet lakshaniy vaadh jhaali. shaharachya madhyabhagatun qaar kadhoon taknyabarobarach imaratinche nutanikaran aanee naveen kalakrutinchya sthapanesah, sthapanesah aakarshak parisar tayar karnyat aala.
headleberg.
2021 paryant, germanytil headleberg shahar, 'newyork times' nusar, hydrogen-chalit basesacha tafa kharedi karat aahe, upnagaranmadhye cycle 'superhayve' chey jaale tayar karat aahe aanee serve vahananna paravrutt karnyasathi aanee chalanyas protsahit karnyasathi shejarchi rachana karat aahe."gaadee aahe."gaadee konatyahi qaar malkala eka varshachi mofat sarvajanik vahtook protsahan dile jaate.
gent.
belgiumchya ghentmadhye, eka abhisaran yojana suru karnyat aalee aahe aanee aata sampoorn shaharache kendra (35 hector) anshatah karmukt jhaale aahe. asey vibhag aahet jethe qaar chalavata yetat tasech asey vibhag aahet jeey qaar-mukt aahet. kahee vibhaganmadhye, sarvajanik vahtook, taxie aanee parvanadharak pravesh karoo shakatat parantu teey 20 kiimii/tashipeksha jaast nasavet. shaharachya madhyabhagi eka parking marg aahe, jyat shaharachya serve bhaganmadhye aanee bhoomigat parking garragemadhye pravesh sunishchit karnyasathi parking margadarshan pranalicha vapar keela jaato. karmukt honyachya sankramanamule vahatukichi gardi lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaali aahe aanee duchaki aanee sarvajanik vahtook yasarkhya vahatukichya itar sadhanancha vapar vadhala aahe.
bete.
karmukt thikananchi itar udaharane mhanje macinac bett aanee packwetta bett, jithe gadyanvar bandee aahe aanee mukhya vahtook ghode, sayakali aanee naukandware aahe.
bhavishyatil aakanksha.
masdar shahar.
sanyukt arab amiratiche masdar shahar heey paryavaranpurak tattve lakshat gheuun tayar kelele bhavishyatil shahar aahe. paryavaran-shahar honyachya moolbhut payacha bhag mhanoon masdar shaharane qaar-mukt tattvadnyan sweekarle. chalanyayogya shaharachya rachanechya bajoone aanee adhik antaravar sarvajanik vahatukisathi tyachya swayatt vaiyaktik jalad vahtook jaalyacha vapar karnyasathi vaiyaktik qaar rastyavaril jaganmadhun kadhoon takalya jaatat.
mothe shahar.
chinmadhil mahan shahar heey navyane vikasit jhalelya shaharache aanakhi eka udaharan aahe, jyachi rachana qaar-mukt shaharachi moolbhut tattve lakshat gheuun kelee gelee aahe.
hehee pahaa.
sarvasadharanh
itar paddhatih

