
gobide

gobide kinwa gobi heey gobiforms kramatil hadanchya mashanche eka kutumb aahe, jeey 200 peksha jaast vanshanmadhil 2,000 peksha jaast prajatincha samavesh asalelya sarvat mothya matsya kutumbanpaiki eka aahe. bahutek gobid maase tulanene lahan asatat, samanyatah lambipeksha qamee asatat aanee yaa kutumbat jagatil kahee sarvat lahan prushthavanshiy pranyancha samavesh asato, jase qee "trimmattom nanus" aanee "pandaka pigmia", "trimmattom nanus" jevha purnapane vadhatat tevha teey qamee lamb asatat, tarr "pandaka pigmia" pramanit lambi, jastit jaast dnyat manak lambi aahet. kahee mothe gobi lambparyant pohochu shakatat, parantu teey apavadatmak aahe. samanyatah teey benthic kinwa talagalatil rahivasi asatat. jaree kahee maase manavansathi khadya maase mhanoon mahattvache asale taree codd, haddock, see baas aanee flatfish yasarkhya itar vyavsayikdrushtya mahattvachya mashansathi shikar prajati mhanoon tyanna khoop mahatva aahe. matsyalayatil maase mhanoonahi anek gobidschi aavad aahe, jase qee "terreliotris" jaatiche dartfish. aanvik mahiticha vapar karoon gobideschya jatijanya sambandhancha abhyas keela gela aahe.
varnan.
gobid aakarshastrache sarvat vishisht pailu mhanje fused pelwick fins jeey disk-aakarache chushak tayar karatat. haah chushak karyatmakdrushtya remoras kinwa lumpskerschya pelwick finn choochkakade asalelya prushthiy finn chushkasarkha asato, parantu sharirikdrushtya vegala asato; hii samanata abhisari utkrantiche utpadan aahe. yaa kutumbatil prajati anekada khadak aanee pravalanna chikatoon rahnyasathi chushan karananyacha vapar kartana disatat aanee matsyalayanmadhyehi tyaa takichya kachechya bhintinna chikatoon rahtil.
vitaran aanee adhivas.
gobide heey samudrakinari, kharat aanee godya panyachya vatavaranajaval ushnakatibandhiy aanee samshitoshna pradeshat jagbharat pasarlele aahet. tyanchi shreni junya jagachya praval khadakanpasun naveen jagachya samudranparyant vistarleli aahe aanee tyat europe aanee ashiyachya nadya aanee kinadhyalagatchya adhivasancha samavesh aahe. gobi heey samanyatah talagalatil rahivasi asatat. jaree anek jann burashimadhye rahat asale, taree kahee prajati (udaa.jee. glosogobius' yaa vanshatil) kharey gumpha maase aahet. pravalanchya khadkanvar, gobidschya prajati mashanchya ekoon sankhyechya 35 takke aanee prajatinchya vividhatechya 20 takke aahet.
upkutumb.
jagatil maase' chya 5vya aavruttit gobide kutumbatil eka mothee sudharana karnyat aalee. punaravruttipurvi gobidemadhye sahaa upkutumb hoteh gobine, benthophiline, embliopine, gobionelline, auxudarcine aanee ccdne. yaa punaravruttine pahilya done upkutumbanna kayam thewale aanee itar charna auxudersiday yaa vegalya kutumbat kadhoon takale. yavyatirikt, purvi cremeridae, microdesmiday, terreliotridae aanee shindleriday yaa kutumbanmadhye thevalelya prajatinna sudharit gobidemadhye jodanyat aale hote, jaree konatyahi upkutumbanche varnan kele gele navhate.
jagatil maase' chya 5 vya aavruttit done purvi manyataprapt upkutumb jethe prajati gobidemadhye rakhoon thevanyat aalya aaheth
benthophiline.
benthophilineche sadasya panto-caspian pradeshat (marmara, black, ezov, caspian aanee aral samudransah) sthanik aahet. upkutumbatil pratinidhinmadhye ektrit shroni pankh aanee lamb prushthbhag aanee guddwar pankh asatat. praudhanmadhye swimbladerchi anupasthiti aanee pathichya patalamadhye pectoral pankhanchya sarvat varchya kirananche sthan yamule teey jawalun sambandhit asalelya gobine upkutumbapasun vegale aahet. tyachya sadasyanmadhye tadpole gobi, monkey gobi aanee bighead gobi yancha samavesh aahe.
gobine.
gobineche sadasya khyan gobi mhanoon olakhale jaatat. sumare 2000 prajati aanee 150 vansh asalelya gobide antargat purvi manyataprapt upkutumbanpaiki heey sarvat vyapak aanee sarvat vaividhyapurn aahe.
paryavaran aanee jivashastra.
gobids heey pramukhyane uthal sagari adhivasanche maase aahet, jyat bharati talav, praval khadak aanee sigrasachya kuranancha samavesh aahe; khaare paanee aanee nadee, kharfutichya daldalichya aanee mithachya daldalichya khalchya bhagansah nadimukh aanee nadimukhatil adhivasanmadhye dekhil teey khoop aahet. kahee gobid prajati (agadi adnyat, parantu qamee shekado) dekhil godya panyachya vatavaranashi purnapane julavun ghetalya jaatat. yamadhye goal gobi (neogobius melanostomus), austreliyan valvant gobi (chlamydogobius eremius) aanee european godya panyatil gobi 'padogobius bonnelli' yancha samavesh aahe. jaree kahee mothya prajati itar maase khatat aanee kahee planktonic shaiwal khatat, taree bahutek gobi lahan aksheruki prani khatat.
punarutpadan.
gobidetil bahutek prajati tyanchi undy vanaspati, praval kinwa khadakachya prushthbhagasarkhya tharala jodatat. teey prajatinvar avalambun paach teey kahee hazar undy ghalatat. undy falit kelyanantar, narr undy shikari pranyanpasun vachavato aanee tyanna apchayapasun mukt thevato. narr undy pankhe karatat, jyamule tyanna auxigen midato. maadee khadda sambhalate. kahee divasanni undy futatat. alya pardarshakpane janmala yetat aanee yogya adhivas shodhanyasathi pasarlyanantar tyancha rung vikasit hoto. godya panyachya anek gobide prajatinche alya khalchya dishene khaare panyat kinwa agadi samudratahi nele jaatat. teey kahee aathvade kinwa mahinyanantar godya panyat parat yetat.
ubdar panyatil gobids kahee mahinyant praudhatvaparyant pohochatat, tarr thund vatavaranat gobij done varshant praudhatvaparyant pohochatat. gobidchya ekoon aayurmanamadhye eka teey daha varshe badal hotat, punha ubdar panyatil prajati samanyatah jaast kaal jagatat.
vartan.
burashiche bandhkam.
gobidemadhil anek prajati purush-stree jodyanmadhye rahatat, jyaa mosambic tilapiyasarkhya itar anek mashanpramanech khadde tayar karatat aanee samayik karatat. khadde aashraysthan aanee undy ugavanyachya thikanansathi vaparale jaatat. gobids tyanchya tondancha vapar samudrachya talashi khodanyasathi karatat, tyanche khadde tayar karnyasathi mrut praval-tukade, dhigaaon aanee benthic shaiwal kadhoon taktat. gobids khadde aat valoo kadhoon tyanche khadde rakhatat. shivay, gobi heey burunche praveshdwar adavanyasathi praval avashesh vapartat. eka gobimadhye darr minitala pravalanchya dhigaonyache nauu tukade asatat. gobids tyanchya ugavanyachya khorachya praveshdvaravar 6-13 centimeter unch tekada dekhil tayar karatat. tekadimule paanee tekadivar vegane vahoo dete. tekaditun nirman honara panyacha pravah andyanna pranavayu puravanyas madat karato. burshi bandhani hii donhi lingandware kelee jaanari eka sahkari vaganuk aahe, tarr purush sahasa mahilanpeksha burashichya dekhbhalisathi adhik prayatna karatat. tyaeivaji striya adhik ann detat, kaaran jevha striya punarutpadanachya tayareet adhik urja ghalatat tevha punarutpadak yash ishtatam asate. undy ugavalyanantar narr aanee madichya bhoomika badaltat. maadee pramukhyane khadda sambhalatat aanee purush pramukhyane undy fenning karoon tyanchi kalji ghetat, jyamule auxigen midato. matra, jevha maadee khadda sodatat, tevha tekadya tyanchi unchi gamavatat. mug narr undy sodoon detat aanee tyanna khatat, bhavishyatil sangmachya sandhinchi tayari karatat. gobid burshi prajatinchya aakaranusar aakarane badaltat.
cleptogamy.
cleptogamy mhanje punarutpadanadarmyan 'gupt vartan' jethe jodee nasalela narr jodidar madichya andyanna falit karato aanee jodidar narr andyanchi kalji gheto. mahilanna mothe shareer asalelya purush gobi aavadatat. serve purushanche shareer mothe nasate, tyamule lahan purush jodidar shodhanyasathi urja kharch karnyaivaji fasavanuk karoo shakatat. jodidar mashanchya ugavanyachya maidanajaval sneakers vaat pahatat. jodidar maadee tichi undy sodatach sneakers tyanche shukranu sponning groundver sodatat. sneakersche shukranu kahee andyanna falit karat asale taree, jodidar narr snikarsdware falit andyanna tyachya swatachya shukranundware falit andyanpasun vegale karoo shakat nahee. tyamule, jodidar narr serve andyanpramanech palakanchi kalji gheto.
cleptogamy hii anek prakare eka changli ranniti aahe. pratham, sneakersna tyanchya swatachya pradeshanchi aavashyakta nasate, jeey soochit karate qee tyanna itar bahutek purushanpramanech pradeshanchya sanrakshanasathi urja kharch karanyachi aavashyakta nahee. bahutek purush gobina tyanchya swatachya pradeshanchi aavashyakta asate, kaaran striya swatachya pradeshachi malki nasalelya purushasobat sangopan karane nivadat naheet. dusare mhanje, sneakers tyanchya andyanchi palakanchi kalji ghet naheet. jodidar purush sneekarsaivaji palakanchi kalji ghetat. tyamule snikarsamule urjechi bachat houu shakate aanee teey fasavanukisathi naveen uddishte shodhanyasathi adhik prayatna karoo shakatat.
cleptogamychi kimmat ashee aahe qee sneakersna jodidar purushankadun aakramak halle miloo shakatat jeey sahasa snikarspeksha khoop mothe aanee majboot asatat. lahan snikarsasathi, jodidar purushanche halle hanikarak asoo shakatat aanee anekada mrutyus karanibhoot tharoo shakatat.
sneakers lahan asatat aanee striyanpeksha kvachitach vegale karata yetat, tyamule tyanna chhadm-mahila asehi mhanatat. sharirachya yaa chhotya aakaramule fasavanuk karane sope hote. bahutek vela jodidar purush sneakersla mahila manatat aanee tyamule sneakerscha pathlag karat naheet. jodidar purushanna 'burjuva' purush mhanatat, kaaran teey mothe, majboot aanee sarvat mahattvache mhanje jodidar asatat.
ling badal.
blackoy gobi aanee "lythripanus dally" sarkhya gobidchya kahee prajati tyanche ling badaloo shakatat. yaa gobijmadhye ling badal shakya aahe, kaaran purush aanee mahilansathi bahya jannendriye phaar vegali nasatat. ling badalanna divas teey aathvade lagoo shakatat. gobijmadhye bahutek ling badal heey purush teey stree (protendry) aivaji stree teey purush (protogini) asatat. stree-teey-purush badal keval gobidsmadhyech navhe tarr ghas, demself phisha aanee see basmadhyehi disun yetat. gatatil rahivasi purush mrut asalyamule samanyatah stree-teey-purush badal hoto. jarr gatat konatahi narr nasel tarr prajnan ashakya hoil. tyamule, prabal maadee purushat badalate, jyamule samagam houu shakate. jevha striyanna purushanmadhil vishisht vaishishtyanna pradhanya asate tevha purush-teey-stree badal hoto. udaharanarth, striya mothya naranna pasant karatat aanee kahee mothe narr anek madibarobar sangopan karatat, tarr lahan narr sanganakachi sandhee gamavatat. lahan purush ektar sneakers (cleptogamy) banane nivadatat kinwa mahilanmadhye rupantarit hone nivadatat kaaran tantrikdrushtya serve striyanna samagam honyachya uchch sandhee asatat. maadee houn, purush heey sunishchit karoo shakatat qee tyanna anek santati nirman hotil.
kahee gobijmadhye ling badalanyachi kshamata vilakshan vikasit asate. "gret barrier riefmadhil "gobiodon histrio" heey dvidishatmak ling badal darshavate. "jee. histrio hii asha mojkya prajatinpaiki eka aahe jee donhi prakare ling badaloo shakate. jevha done 'jee. purvi purush asana-yaa aitihasik 'maadee' ekach praval khadkavar aahet, tyapaiki eka punha purush gobimadhye rupantarit hote.
ling nirdharan.
praval gobimadhye ling nirdharan "gobiodon erythrospilus" heey balke sambhavya jodidaranna bhetat naheet toparyant hott nahee. sambhavya jodidaracha samna karane "gobiodon erythrospilus" yaa alpavayin mulansathi katheen asoo shakate, kaaran jodidaranna aakarshit karnyasathi mahattvapoorn asalelya bahutek praval sansadhananmadhye aadhipasoon asalelya jodidar gobijcha samavesh asato. balke sambhavya jodidaranna tevhach bhetu shakatat jevha aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya jodyanpaiki eka sadasya marto. balkanche ling tyanchya sambhavya jodidarachya linganusar nishchit kele jaate. jevha ekhada alpavayin ekhadya mahilela bhetato, tevha too purush banato aanee ulat. yaa prakarchya lingnirdharanala samajikdrushtya prabhavit lingnirdharan asey mhanatat.
navigation.
kahee gobids qamee antarachya aat asalelya khuna lakshat thevatat aanee tyanche marg shodhanyasathi tyancha vapar karatat. lahan freelfin gobi ('bathigobius soporator') aantarjaliy kshetranmadhye rahatat. unch bharatichya velee teey talavatoon pohatat aanee pratyek talav itaranshi kassa jodala jaato heey lakshat thevatat. mug, qamee bharatichya velee, teey udee maranyache achook vartan pradarshit karoo shakatat, kaaran tyanni marg lakshat thewale aahet. naveen vatavaranat, heey maase udee maranyachi kinwa chukichya talavat udee maranyachi vrutti darshavat naheet. tathapi, eka ratrinantar, teey udee maranyachi teech achook vartane darshavtat.
adhivas nivad.
badalatya adhivasavar gobids kasha pratikriya detat heey samajoon ghenyasathi eka abhyas karnyat aala. mashanna done paryay denyat aaleh qamee ann asalele surakshit nivassthan aanee adhik ann asalele dhokadayak nivassthan. purn aanee bhukelya donhi mashanchya parinamanmadhun asey disun aale qee gobids, jevha charyacha samna karatat aanee shikar talhtat, tevha tyanni asey paryay nivadle jeey tyanche charane adhik changle kartil.
sahajivan.
gobidetil prajati kadhikadhi itar prajatinshi sahajeevi sambandh nirman karatat, jase qee burshitil kolambi. kolambi valoot eka khadda rakhate jyamadhye kolambi aanee maase doghehi rahatat. gobidchya tulanet kolambichi drushti qamee asate, parantu jarr tyala achanak maase buryat pohtana disale kinwa vatale tarr teey pudhe yeil. maase aanee kolambi ekmekanchya samparkat rahatat, kolambi tyachya antenacha vapar karoon aanee chintet asatana kolambila tyachya shepatine zodpanara massa. asha prakare yaa gobidsna kadhikadhi 'watchman gobij' kinwa 'kolambi gobij' mhanoon olakhale jaate. yaa natyatoon pratyek pakshala fayda hotoh kolambila dhokyachya jawal jaanyacha ishara midato aanee mashanna surakshit ghar aanee undy ghalanyasathi jaaga milate. fakt alfa narr aanee maadee prajnan karatat, colonytil itar maase alfa narr kinwa madidware khalle jaanyapasun bachav karnyasathi qamee pramanat khatat. asha prakare, keval sarvat mothe aanee sarvat yogya lokach punarutpadan karoo shakatat.
sahajeevanche aanakhi eka udaharan neon gobij ("elacatinus" spp) dware darshavile jaate.). heey gobids, jyanna 'cleaner gobij' mhanoon olakhale jaate, teey vividh prakarchya mothya mashanchi tvacha, pankh, tond aanee hiradya hyatoon parjivi kadhoon taktat. yaa sahajivanacha sarvat ullekhaneey pailu mhanje swachchh gobijchya swachchata kendranna bhet denare anek maase anyatha asha lahan mashanna ann mhanoon manatat (udaharanarth, samoohakarte aanee snapper). punha, heey asey naate aahe jithe donhi pakshanna fayda hotoh mothe maase tyanchya swachchata kendranna bhet dett asalyane gobijana annacha satat puravatha hoto aanee mothe maase swachchata kendranna teey aale tevhachya tulanet adhik nirogi sodatat.
gobids aanee mashroom coral "heliophangia actiniformis" (fangaide) yanchyat sahajeevancha aanakhi eka prakar astitvat aahe, jyamadhye "iviota" jaatiche pratinidhi kadachit shikari pranyanpasun lapoon basalelya tambunmadhye firatat.
vyavsayik mahatva.
russia aanee yukrenmadhye gobidsche vyavsayik mahatva aahe. teey azov samudra, vayavya kaala samudra aanee caspian samudrat pakadale jaatat. goal gobi, makad gobi, tooad gobi aanee gavat gobi yaa sarvat mahattvachya prajati aahet. gavat gobi haah dekhil italitil eka vyavsayik massa aahe.
matsyalayat.
gobidschya anek prajati ekveriyamadhye thevalya jaatat. bahutek bandist gobi heey sagari asatat. kadachit sarvat lokpriy mhanje lahan parantu rangiberangi neon gobi. bahutek gobi matsyalayachya khalchya bhagakade rahatat, khadakkamat lapoon rahatat, parantu kahee prajati (visheshtah kolambi gobi) swatahla lahan khadde khodayala pasant karatat. tyanchya najuk khalchya bhagache nuksan talhanyasathi matsyapalak samanyatah tyanna bareek danedar thurr pradan karatat.
samanyatah thevalya jaananya kharya panyachya prajatinmadhye randlecha kolambi gobi aanee paharekari gobi yancha samavesh hoto.