chhand ghoda

lokkathanmadhye, chhand ghoda heey eka veshbhusha asalele patra aahe jeey jagbharatil kahee paramparik hangami pratha, miravanuka aanee tatsam aacharnanmadhye disun yete. teey visheshtah meey day utsav, mummerschee natake aanee englandmadhil mauris nrutyashi sambandhit aahet. 
vyutpatti.
chhand' haah shabd 'oo. eae. dii.' dware 'eka lahan kinwa madhyam aakaracha ghoda; eka chapal kinwa vegwan ghoda; eka tattu' mhanoon spasht keela jaato. haah shabd 14 vya shatkapasoon ingrajimadhye madhya ingrajimadhye "hobin" mhanoon pramanit keela gela aahe. junya frenchmadhye aadhunik french aanee italian hote kinwa, tethoon. parantu junie french sandnya spashtapane ultyaivaji ingrajimadhun sweekarli gelee aahe. oidi tyala 'hobbin', 'hobby' yaa upnamashi jodate, joou 'robbin' chaa eka prakar aahe ('robbert' sathee 'hobb' yaa sankshipt shabdachi tulana qaraa). heey paramparikpane gadichya ghodyala dilele naav asalyache disate, jase qee gheuun kenetne tyachya 'parochial puratan vastoon' (1695) madhye pramanit kele aahe, jyane mhatale aahe qee "tyanchya gadichya ghodyanpaiki kahinna aamche nangar samanyatah hobinche naav detat, toch shabd joou phil karato. commins yujes, hist. vhee. vii."tyach khrishchan navacha aanakhi eka parichit prakar," "dobin", heey dekhil gaadee-ghodyache samanya naav banale aahe ".
samuel johnson, 'ingraji bhashecha shabdakosh', 1755, prakash taktoh 'madhyam aakaracha eka majboot, sakriy ghoda, joou moolcha irelandcha asalyache mhatale jaate; eka umbling naag."
hobbler kinwa howler heey asey purush hote jeey dhokyat asalelya aakramanachi twarit mahitee denyasathi halakya hatane vagatat. (june french, hobber, varr aanee khalee jaanyasathi; aamcha chhand, kyu.vhee.) madhyayugeen kalat tyanchi kartavye hotee, punha chaukashi karane, gupt mahitee gheuun jaane, gundanna tras dene, hair mhanoon kaam karane, kafilyanna rokhane aanee paloon gelelya lokancha pathlag karane. heinry spellman (aaa. 1641) haah shabd 'chhand' pasoon aala aahe.
hobblers kinwa chhand mhanoon olakhale jaanare simavarti ghode lahan aanee sakriy hote aanee sarvat katheen aanee khadatar desh olandanyache aanee jethe aamche padchari anusaran karnyache dhadas karoo shakat navhate tyaa thikanahun baher padanyache prashikshan dile hote, george mcdonald fracerchya matey, 'steelche bonnet, anglo-scottish seema riverschee katha.
chhand ghodyache prakar.
chhand asalele ghode vegvegalya prakare bandhale jaau shakatat. united kingadammadhe sarvat jaast aadhalanare prakar khalilpramane vargikrut kele gele aaheth
serve chhand asalele ghode yaa shreninmadhye basat naheet, agadi yuu. keey. madhye dekhil. padsto aanee minehead yetheel prasiddha meey day ghode mothya bandhkamanche aahet, khandyachya patalivar latakalele aahet, jyat keval kalakaranche doke baher yete; teey unch, tokdar topya ghalatat aanee tyanche chehare jhakalele asatat. padsto ghodyanchya golakar chaukati asatat, lamb, saral manevar manevar lahan, lahan dokya asatat; khanchya dokyavaril ghode adhik boat aakarache asatat, tokdar tokansah aanee sumare 1880 pasoon, jaree tyanchi lamb, magchi shepati asali taree, tyanchi doki nasate, sumare 2.2 mea. (7 phoot) lamb asate.
francechya dakshines, belgiummadhye ('ommegang dii termonde') aanee itaratra, mothya chhand asalelya ghodyanna anek kalakar gheuun jaatat; tyanchi pokal chaukat vividh prakare bandhali jaate. esquiz yetheel 'dancey du bayar' nrutya kartana nartak tyanchya stananmadhye lakadi ghodyache doke ghalatat.
indoneshiyamadhye, ghodyanche sapat chhayachitra nartakanchya payanmadhye latkavale jaate (khalee vaiyaktik nondi pahaa).
pratha.
britton.
meey day hobby horse.
padsto.
sarvat prasiddha paramparik british chhand ghode heey kadachit padsto, cornwall yetheel meey day 'obii' osa utsavache aahet. teey golakar chaukatipasun tayar kele jaatat, chamakdar kalya samagreene ghatt jhakalele asatat, jeey eka nartakachya khandyavar vahoon nele jaatat, jyacha chehara unch, tokdar topila jodalelya vichitra mukhavatadvare lapavala jaato. eka scurt (tyach samgripasoon banavalela) chaukatichya kathapasoon gudghyachya unchiparyant khalee latakato. eka lahan, lakadi, ghodyache doke aahe, jyat zepavanare jabade aahet, jeey lamb, saral maneshi jodalele aahet, eka lamb maan, jeey chaukatichya samorun baher chikatate. viruddha bajula ghodyachya kesanchi eka chhoti shepati aahe.
padstover done pratispardhi ghode aanee tyanchya samarthakanche atyant nishthavan gut aaheth june 'osa' pandhare aanee laal ranganni sajavale jaate aanee tyache samarthak tyanchi nishtha darshavinyasathi laal scarf ghalatat; nila fiti 'osa' (kinwa 'peace' osa ') pandhara aanee nila rangane sajavala jaato aanee tyache samarthakahi tyache anusaran karatat. eka 'teaser' pratyek 'aus' chya samore eka padded club nrutya karat asato, jyachyabarobar, teey arund rastyanvarun nrutya karat asatana, padstoche paramparik meey gaane vajavanare melodion, accordian aanee drumcha eka utsahi band asato. auses kadhikadhi tarun striyanna chhand asalelya ghodyachya skartkhali pakadatat; anekada teey kalya rangache lape ghaloon baher yetat.
mule kadhikadhi 'coult' auses banavtat aanee tyanchya swatachya meey day pared aayojit karatat.
mastaka.
somersetchya mineheadver teen pratispardhi chhand ghode aahet, mool navik ghoda, paramparik navik ghoda aanee shahar ghoda. teey mechya purvasandhyela (jyala 'shhow nite' mhanatat), mechya divashi sakali (jevha teey shaharachya bahereel chaurasavar suryodayala abhivadan karatat), 2 meey aanee 3 meey roji (jevha 'boot' navacha samarambh sandhyakali cher navachya shaharachya bhagat hoto) naveen paan 1. pratyek ghoda botichya aakarachya lakadi chaukatipasun banalela asato, pratyek tokala tokdar aanee bandhalela asato, joou nartakachya khandyavar uchalala jaato. padstopramane, tyacha chehara unch, tokdar topila jodalelya mukhavatachya sahayyane lapavala jaato. ghodyacha varcha prushthbhag fiti aanee kapadachya pattyanni jhakalela asato. bahurangi golanchya ranganni rangavalela eka lamb kapad scurt, serve bajunni jaminivar latakato. chaukatichya mageel bajus eka lamb sheput jodaleli asate. pratyek ghodyasobat sangitkar aanee sevakancha eka chhotasa gut asato. shaharachya ghodyasobat 'gullivers' asatat, jeey ghodyasarkhech kapade ghalatat parantu mothya chaukatishivay; padstopramane, lahan, mulanche ghode kadhikadhi bandhale jaatat. ghodyanchya bhetimule nasheeb yete asey manale jaate (kinwa hote).
purvi jawalchya dunster gavat ashach prakarcha chhand asalela ghoda dekhil hota, joou kadhikadhi minehead obii osala bhet dett asey. minehead ghodyane mechya divashi dunster killyalahi bhet dilee aahe.
earl auph ronechi shikar karane.
devonmadhil combay martin yethe 1837 madhye jevha tyavar bandee ghalanyat aalee, toparyant 'earl auph ronecha shikar' navachi pratha aarohan divashi suru hotee. 1974 madhye tyache punarujjivan karnyat aale aanee aata vasant rututil bankechya suttichya chaar divasanmadhye teey hote. eka moorkh aanee chhand asalela ghoda, grenadiers, arlacha gavat shodh gheto, joou shevati pakadala jaato, (vastavik) gadhvavar basato aanee gavat firto. tyala sainik varanvar golya ghalatat, tyachya dongaravarun padato aanee chhand asalela ghoda aanee moorkh tyala punha jiwant karatat aanee tyachya dongravar paratatat. shevati, shevati pohochalyavar earlala thaar marle jaate aanee samudrat fekale jaate. earl auph ronecha shikar
morris aanee itar vidhee nrutya.
1550 teey 1621 darmyanchya eka rangeet kachechya khidakimadhye, staffordshirechya betali hallmadhun, aata londonchya victoria aanee albert sangrahalayat, thet mepolachya khalee aanee mauris nartakanni (pravesh kra. c.248-1976) chaukat . adnyat . vhee andd aii sangrahancha shodh ghya.
eka adnyat kalakarache, aata fitzvillium sangrahalay, cambridgemadhye asalele, c.1620 madheel eka chitra, richmond yetheel thamschya morris nartakanna dakhavate; tyanchya partymadhye eka chhand ghoda samavisht aahe.fitzvillium sangrahalay-opac reecord
vilyam rolly, thomas decker aanee johnn phorda yanchya 'daad witch auph admonton' yaa yaa natkat, chhand asalelya ghodyasah mauris nartakancha eka gut aahe. 
kahee aitihasik ingraji mauris nrutya "bajoo" (sangh) tyanchyashi sambandhit chhand ghode hote, parantu aaj mauris bajoo asalelya asha pranyanchi lokpriyata kadachit mauris punarujjivanachya suruvatichya varshanpasun aahe, jevha ilmington maurisney anek varshe samm benetne chalavalela eka spardha ghoda tayar keela. punarujjivanachya kahee aadhunik bajunni tyanchya pranyanchya sangrahala vividh kalpanashil aanee yogya marganni vistarle aahe, udaa.jee. kalya aanee gheuun veshbhusha aanee makeup paridhan pared pig dike molley molley nartakanna zebracha chhand aahe.
eka chhand asalela ghoda pracheen mathadhishanchya bromley horn nrutyat bhag gheto. junya mool ghodyachya jaagi (vareel chitrafit pahaa) alikadchya varshant adhik vastavadi korivkam karnyat aale aahe.
chhand asalelya ghodyansah itar pratha.
hoading kinwa hooding.
purvekadil kentmadhye khrisamasachya velee kinwa tyapurvi jhaleli eka pratha, jyat nangarvalyancha eka gut kinwa itar shetmajoorancha samavesh asato, jeey hooden ghodyache netrutva karatat (lakadapasoon banavalele ghodyache doke, eka chhotya khambavar basavale jaate, jabdyansah (kadhikadhi datansathi nakhansah basavale jaate), jee ekhadya vyaktine eka tukadyachya khalee kinwa pranyachya sharirache pratinidhitva karnyasathi sthir-blanketkhali lapvoon chalavali jaate). 1952 madhye loksahityakar violet alford yanni 'fakt namshesh' mhanoon varnan keleli hii pratha tevhapasoon vividh thikani punarujjivit karnyat aalee aahe.
"laurey vene".
manav betachi naveen varshachi pratha, jyat gheuun rangachya lakadi ghodyache doke, laal rangache fatkebaji jabade, gheuun panashi jodalele asate. patrakat gundalalela eka manus doke gheuun anpekshitpane kholeet dhavayacha aanee gharabaher asalelya konatyahi mulincha pathlag karayacha, tyanantar bakiche karmchari. jevha 'larey wein' wein' ghodyane) eka muleela pakadale tevha tee ghodyala gharee parat nenyasathi tatakhali tyachi jaaga gheil, itaranpasoon door basoon, tarr sahaa purush nartakanni kathine eka prakarcha talwar-nrutya kele hote. nrutyacha parakashtha mhanoon fiddler nartakanchya vartulat pravesh karel aanee tyanchya ekmekanshi jodalelya kathyanni qaid hoil; tyanantar nartak, jangali oradat, "tyache doke kapoon taktat" aanee too jaminivar padala. tyanantar 'mrut' fiddlerchya dolhyanvar patti bandhali gelee aanee tyala 'larey wein' kadey nele gele aanee tyache doke tichya mandivar thevun gudghe tekavale. dusari vyakti fiddlerla fiddlerla varshatil ghatanambaddal (visheshtah kona valentine honar aahe) prashna vicharel aanee tyachi uttare kharee bhavishyavanya asalyache manale jaat hote.
"maar lwyde".
ghodyachya kavatipasoon banavalela, gheuun rangachi chadar jodalela, asach eka prani, 'maarii lwide' (ingrajimadhye 'rakhadi ghoda'), dakshin-purv velsmadhye naveen varshachya ghar-bhetee, nasheeb javamadhye vidhinmadhye sahbhagi jhaala. gharat pravesh midvane heey eka aavhan hote; 'maarii lavid' party aanee gharatil lokanni eka ganyachya shlokanmadhye sudharana karnyasathi valoon valoon ghetale. jarr kutumbala antim shlok suchavata aala nahee tarr 'maarii' laa aat jaanyachi parvanagi hotee; nasel tarr too bajula valavala gela. alikadchya varshant hii pratha punarujjivit jhaali aahe.
juna ghoda, 'ovad' osa kinwa kharab juna hoss.
20 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant (aanee 1970 paryant dorey yethe) nottinghamshire kahee bhaganmadhye aanee shefieldchya aaspas khrismas aanee naveen varshachi pratha astitvat hotee, jyat 'daad old horse', 'tii' aud 'osa' kinwa 'garib juna ghoda' navache chhote natak kinwa natyamay gaane gharee gharee sadar karanyachi pratha hotee. juna ghoda 'mastaka' prakarcha hota, joou soul-keckerschya jangali ghodyasarkha aanee kentchya hooden ghodyansarkhach bandhala gela hota. sarvat junie nond 1840 salchi, ashford-inn-daad-watter, dayer yethe aahe.
yaa prakarche sadarikaran ajunahi richmond, yorkshire yethe khrisamasachya velee suru aahe. shikar kartana gulabi rangache kapade ghatalele teen purush 'khambavar ghodyachya dokyachya bharalelya tvachepasun banavalela' ghoda aanee ghodyachya kambalakhali lapvoon too khelanara manus yanchya netrutvat asatat. purush 'garib juna ghoda' heey gaane gatat aanee pratyek shlokachya shevati ghodyane tyache jabade todale. khrisamasachya purvasandhyela duparchya sumaras richmond marketmadhye aata kelya olakhalya prathemadhye ghodyacha 'mrutyu aanee punarutthan' samavisht aahe (too khalee zukato aanee nantar shikar shing udavalyavar uthato). 
"penglaz" kinwa "penglaz".
cornwallmadheel yaa pranyache naav 'grey haid' asey aahe. too eka 'hooden' kinwa 'mast' prakarcha ghoda hota, ektar lakadapasoon koralela kinwa ghodyachya kavatipasoon banavalela, velsh 'maarii lwide' sarkha aanee khrismas margdarshakanna sobat dett asey. tyache shareer ghodyache katade kinwa ghodyache kapad hote. kadhikadhi tyache netrutva junya penglezdware kele jaat asey kinwa chalavale jaat asey, kaala chehara asalela manus joou kathee gheuun jaat asey. yaa pranyache alikadachya varshant penglaz mhanoon penzons 'obii' osa mhanoon punarujjivan jhaale aahe aanee aata hivalyachya madhyabhagachya aivaji aadhunik unhalyachya madhyabhagachya utsavacha bhag mhanoon 'mezzy eve' aanee 23 junala (seent johns eve) disun yeto.
somvarchya mamarchi nangarani qaraa.
linkenshire aanee nottinghamshire aanee englandchya purv madhyabhagachya itar kahee bhaganmadhye, janevarichya suruvatila somwari kinwa tyachya aaspas, nangar, nangar, nangar, nangar, nangar bail kinwa nangar jadugar mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya sanghandware, mamarchi natake sadar kelee jaat asat. uttar linkenshiremadhye, vistrut veshbhushechya mamarche mothe sangh, jyat anekada kahee patranchi nakkal kelee jaate, gavatil rastyanvarun firatat, kadhikadhi lahan gatanmadhye vibhagoon gharat pravesh karatat aanee tyanchya paramparik natkatil ark sadar karatat. scunthorp, burringham, scotter, berton-apon-stather aanee itar thikanchya sanghanchya chhayachitranmadhye done chhand asalelya ghodyansah duheri tolhya dakhavalya gelya. teey chalanichya prakarche hote, eka mothya chalanichya lakadi chaukatila latakavoon, eka chhotya lakadi ghodyache doke aanee ghodyachya kesanchi shepati jodine, kalakaranchya kambarebhovati bandhalele, tathapi, eka asamanya badalat, "swar" nantar ghodyache kapade ghaloon veshbhusha keela gela jyane tyache doke aanee shareer gudghyanparyant jhakale hote, jenekarun too ghodyavar swar ghoda asalyasarkhe disat hote.
salisbury giant aanee hobb-nobb.
salisbury giant, 12 phoot unch (3.5 mea.) aakruti jee kadhikadhi sant khristofarche pratinidhitva karate asey mhatale jaate, hii brittenmadhil eka adviteey miravanuk aahe. sadhyachya aakrutichi lakadi chaukat punarbandhani karnyat aalee hotee c.1850 jaree too 15 vya shatkat astitvat asanyachi shakyata aahe. too aajkal kvachitach disato, salisbury aanee south wiltshire sangrahalayat, tyachya sahchar hobb-nobs, eka tourney-prakarcha chhand ghoda, eka dusht patra jeey unhalyachya madhyavar darjichya sanghadvare aayojit miravnukinmadhye rakshasasathi marg mokala karat asey. hobb-nobchya swarcha chehara aanee shareer mothya burkhyachya veshat hote. shaukeen ghodyacha pahila spasht ullekh 1572 madhye ('mede marrians coat' saha) darji gildchya nondinmadhye aahe (jyanni, 1873 madhye, shevati, chhand-ghoda aanee rakshas donhi sangrahalayala vikale). sumare 1911 paryant morris nartakanchahi samavesh asalelya miravanuka shakate shatkachya madhyaparyant vividh prasangi adhunmadhun suru rahilya.
soul-caking kinwa soaling.
cheshayarmadhil serve aatmyanchya divasachya aaspas sadar kelelya mamarchya khelachya kahee pradeshik prakaranmadhye, eka chhotya khambavar basavalelya ghodyachya kavatipasoon banavalelya 'jangali ghoda' navachya gair-bhashik patracha samavesh hota. khambala jodalelya kapadyakhali lapvoon thevalela eka manus ghodyavar khelat hota, joou khamb jaminivar thevanyasathi pudhe vakala hota. prekshakanna ghabaravanyasathi too sahasa ghodyache jabade mothyane odhu shakat asey.
winster hobby ghode.
teen chhand ghodyancha samavesh asaleli eka kadachit anokhi pratha keval 1870 chya sumaras winster holl, dair yethe ghetalelya chhayachitravarun dnyat aahe. (heey chitra hivalyat ghetale gele aahe asey disate, kaaran bhintivaril chadhaichi zaade panheen aahet.) aath kinwa nauu kalakar sahbhagi aahet; serve (baar eka?) kinwa bhes ghala.
kalakaranna eka chhotya khambavar lavalelya rangavalelya kavatipasoon banavalelya chamakdar kalya dokyasah (bahudha 'snap dragon'; khalee pahaa) eka mastakachya ghodyabhovati gatbaddh kele jaate. tyachya mage dhamkavanyachya sthiteet done manse aahet, eka brush kinwa rackchya handlesarkhi lamb kathee halwat aahe, tarr dusari kadachit besam zaadu (aspasht) aahe.
manela button asalele lashkari disanare jackett aanee pandhare payghol ghatalele aanakhi done purush eka vilakshan rachanechya chhotya chhand ghodyanchya bajoone ubhe asatatah eka dandgolakar shareer, "sumare teen inch vyas aanee done phoot lamb", jeey swaranchya payanmadhye dharale jaate (samore dorr kinwa swaranchya manebhovati arund pattyane samarthit), eka sapat, vakr lakadi maan aanee eka lahan, shailibaddha doke zepavanare jabade (tyanchya tondavyatirikt, ghode jawaljawal saral thartharat asalelya ghodyansarkhe disatat aanee paay kadhoon takale jaatat). ghodeswaranna halakya rangachya kapadane jhakalele asate.
dusare patra eka motha, fatalela, lamb, gadad poshakh paridhan karate; besam zadune jaminivar brush kartana, 'tee' hii kahee mummer natkanmadhye natkanmadhye besam bett patrachi aathvan karoon dete. shevatchi done patre mutrashayachya fadelsmadhye khadbadit sangeet vajavat aahet.
1868 teey 1880 darmyan sabhagruhat sabhagruhat levellin jutyne yaa sadarikaranachi vyavastha kelee asavi. 1931 madhye, stanly evance ("lock nrutya dair inn dair", "dair grameen bhag", khand 1, kramank 2, april 1931, prushth 29) yanni suchavale qee kalakar kadachit eka mumming natak sadar karat asavet. kavtene hii soochana fetalalih "jarr tee sarvat asamanya asel tarr ladhvayyanchi konatihi chinhe naheet, ghodyanchi jodee asamanya rachana aahe aanee ghodyacha payathyashi haah laksh vedhanyacha kendrabindu asalyache disate."
1908 madhye tayar kelelya tyachya maidani tippanyanmadhye, lokkathakar cecil sharpne 'pardavina' asalelya eka chhand ghodyacha ullekh winster yetheel mauris nrutyashi jodala gela aahe; tyane tyane ghodyachya dokyapasoon' (kavati?) yaa uddeshane khodoon kadhale, parantu teey morisashi sambandhit hote qee nahee heey sangat nahee. asey disate qee tyanni teey swatah pahile naheet aanee 1924 madhye prakashit jhalele tyanche vrutt, winsterchya bhetinantar bhetinantar kalanantar, gondhalat takanare aahe. 1966 madhye, winster mauris nartakanni sangitale qee tyanchya mauriceshi sambandhit kadhihi chhand ghoda navhata, parantu ghodyacha eka vegala samarambh hota jyamadhye kavaticha samavesh hota jyala darvarshi punha daphan kele jaat asey.
tyachya mrutyunantar prakashit jhalelya nondinmadhye, levellin jewitne 1867 madhye, paramparik kalakaranchya dazanbhar kinwa tyahoon adhik gatanni (margdarshakanche anek gut, wensley mummer, 'hobby horse' aanee 'snap dragon') khrismas aanee naveen varshadarmyan keval chaar divasant winster hallmadhye kase bolavale heey namood kele. tyane namood kele qee, 27 december roji, "sandhyakali, 'snap dragon' aanee 'hobby horse' ekatra yeuun aamchyat aale-daha manse, eka snap dragon mhanoon, done chhand ghode, done bhute ii.ityadi. aamhi tyanna svayampakgharat thewale aanee tyanna paise dile."chhayachitrat asach eka" "sanyukt" "sangh changla disu shakato".
sambandhit pratha.
ashach ritirivajanmadhye lancashiremadhil rosendelchya jangalatil kotswoldmadhil rund aanee juna chendu yancha samavesh hoto.
derby toop.
moolatah mastaka ghoda kinwa hooden ghodyapramanech tayar kelele derby tup (mendhara) narr mendhyache pratinidhitva karate. tyane 'derby ramm' lokgitachya natyamay aavruttit bhag ghetala, jeey khrisamasachya hangamat uttar durley aanee shefieldchya aaspas mulanchya sanghanni sadar kele hote. kasaikadoon too 'marla jaato' aanee tyache 'rakt' eka mothya vadgyat gola kele jaate. kahee aavrutyanmadhye, mamarchya natkatil patrapramane, eka chakchakit doctordware teey punha jiwant kele jaate.
europe.
austriya.
sank laurengen iim lessactal, carinthia.
nairutya austriyachya sank laurengen iim lessactal yetheel 'fasnact' (carnival) miravnukit sangitkarancha eka motha gut asato, kahee fancy poshakhat asatat aanee tyache netrutva eka motha, tyaeivaji khadatar chhand asalela ghoda karato. tyache shareer pokal aahe, lamb gheuun patryane jhakalele aahe jeey jawaljawal jaminivar pohochate, lamb maan aanee doke varvar pahata putthyane kinwa kagadi-machene banalele aahe; teey done lock gheuun jaatat jeey patrakachya khalee lapalele asatat. ghodyachya mankyala, lagamala aanee shepatila kahee rangeet fiti jodalelya asatat. tyachi baag laal jakit paridhan kelela eka manus dharato aanee tyachya jawalun eka mulga (joou adhunmadhun tyala lakadi gavat-manjarane odhato) aanee eka lohar (joou hatoda asaleli pishavi gheuun jaato) heey tyachya mage yetat. sanchalanatil itar patranmadhye chaar mukhavata ghatalelya, chalanyachya kathyansah chaturaine kapade ghatalelya "mhatare" purushancha samavesh aahe. veloveli ghoda jaminivar padato aanee nantar tyala 'faata' deela jaato (smith vahakanpaiki eka kinwa gavavar padatrananchya talvyanvar hatoda marto, jeey betalpane baher kadhatat). jyaa vyaktine tyache netrutva kele too kadhikadhi tyachya tondat kinwa nakpudyanmadhye shwas gheto. tyanantar teey punha jiwant hote aanee sampoorn gavat suru rahate.
ezpizchya velee aupcharik nrutyat jangali aakramanamule achanak vyatyay yeto. mukhavate kinwa kinwa bhes ghataleli dehati veshbhusha keleli patranchi eka aniyantrit tolhee, mothaya aavajat oradat, jodyanmadhye nrutya kshetrat dhavate. kahee wave club. kahinna fartya shepati asatat. gheuun kotat eka doctor aanee eka paricharika aahe, jichya pathivar laal cross aahe. teey serve ghadyalachya viruddha dishene nrutyasthalachya bhovati dhavtat aanee nantar eka khadatar dhigat jaminivar padatat.
belgium.
leumecon, dukase daad mons.
daudo' mhanoonahi olakhala jaanara dukase dii mons haah eka sann aahe joou monus shaharat trimurthy ravivari hoto aanee tyache done bhag asatat. pahili mhanje sant waltrude yanchya mandirasah miravanuk. lumecon' navachya navachya bhagat seent george aanee dragonchi ladhai darshavili aahe aanee tyat prachand lamb, kadak shepati asalela eka motha miravanuk dragon aahe. seent jorgeche dragonla tyachya bhalyane maranyache serve prayatna ayashasvi hotat, mhanoon too nantar too pistulane pathavato. 19 vya shatkatil eka chitrat dragonla 'tourney' prakarchya teen chhand-ghodyansah spashtapane dakhavale aahe, parantu aadhunik chhayachitre aanee ghataneche varnan darshavite qee heey prani gayichya tvachepasun tayar kelele aahet aanee kutryansarkhe disatat; tyanna 'chinchin' kinwa 'chiin-chiin' ('chian', kutryache apbhransh) mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee tyanchi bhoomika sentala madat karane hii aahe. george.
2005 pasoon unescone yaa mahotswala 'belgium aanee francemadhil miravanuk rakshas aanee dragon' yaa sarvasadharan shirshakakhali manavatechya maukhik aanee amoort varshachya utkrusht kalakrutinpaiki eka mhanoon manyata dilee aahe.
check prajasattak.
ghodyala marane, shrovetide.
check prajasattakatil hlinsco shaharatil shrovetide miravnukicha shevat aanee purvekadil bohemiyachya hlinko pradeshatil jawalpaschi sahaa gave (hamry, dadno, studniss aanee vortova) haah 'ghodyala marane' navacha eka vidhee aahe.
pitali bands, paramparik patranche pratinidhitva karnare rangiberangi poshakh paridhan kelele purush aanee mule sampoorn divas gharoghari jaaun, tyanchya samajatil pratyek gharala bhet detat (shokat asalele vagalata). tapasheel vegvegalya thikani kinchit bhinn asatat, parantu sahasa done kinwa teen chhand-ghode (spardhechya prakarache) asatat. itar patranmadhye tandalachya pattyapasoon banavalelya veshbhusha, kaale chehare aanee unch, tokdar pendha topya paridhan kelelya pendha purushancha samavesh aahe; teey mahilanna mithee maratat aanee tyanchyabarobar jaminivar gundalatat, jeey prajanankshamtes pradan karate asey mhatale jaate. gruhini purushanchya pendhyachya skartmadhun eka bhagyavan aakarshan mhanoon pendha gola karatat, tyanchya huns aanee kombadyanna khayala denyasathi too gharee gheuun jaatat.
lahan patni" (strisarkhe kapade ghatalela purush) aanee "thipkedar purush" saha, turkanche pratinidhitva karnare chaar nartak pratyek gharasamor eka vidhee nrutya karatat, jenekarun kutumbasathi sampatti aanee changle peak sunishchit hoil. ambadichi unch pike midavi yasathi tyanni tyanche paay shakya titke unch kele pahijet. ingraji morris nrutyapramane teey hatchichi vedhatat, parantu tyaeivaji teey moolatah sabre vaparat asat.
divasachya shevati purush 'ghodyala marane' navacha vidhee karatat. gatachya aavadatya ghodyanpaiki ekacha nyayniwada keela jaato aanee nantar tyachya kathit papansathi tyala "thaar marle jaate". tyanantar teey (madyasah) 'punha jiwant kele jaate' aanee prekshakancha samavesh asalele nrutya hote. hote aanee aanee shatkat catholic charchane aanee shakate shatkat samajvadi sarkarne bandee ghatalyanantarhi hii pratha tikoon aahe. tyala aata unescone manavjatichya amoort sanskrutik varshacha eka ghatak mhanoon manyata dilee aahe.
france.
nairutya francechya langudock bhagat anek chhand-ghodyanchya pratha astitvat aahet, jyaa "totem" pranyansathi eka balekilla aahet, anek shahare aanee gavanmadhye tyanche swatache vishisht prani aahet; bahutek utsav aanee/kinwa tyanche sthanik snrakshak utsav, santanche divas aanee itar utsavanmadhye disatat.
"" "aajchi ghadi".
pazenus yethe "leey paulen" kinwa "loow polin" ("coult" sathee ausitan) navacha eka prachand prani aahe, jyala nauu purush gheuun jaatat aanee gavavar netrutvakhali, sangitkaranchya eka tolisah. polen' chey vastavik koreev lakadi doke aahe, jyat eka zepavanare jabade aanee vistarit maan aahe jee pahilya majlyavaril khidkyanparyant pohochu shakate; tyachya tondat takalele paise kinwa itar arpan tyachya manechya aat khalee padatat. tyache ardh-dandgolakar shareer gadad nilya kapadane jhakalele aahe, jeey aata taare aanee pezenanchya bahunni sajavale aahe. chaukatichya khalee tirangyacha patta aahe.
paulen' chya pathivar done putale asatat, eka narr, eka maadee, jyala 'estino' aanee 'estinete' (kinwa 'estineta') mhanatat. jaree 'paulen' chaa pahila lekhee sandarbh 1615 salcha asala, taree haah prani lui VIII yane 1226 madhye yaa shaharala dilelya bhetiche smaran karato, jyaa darmyan rajacha aavadata ghoda aajari padala hota. luine albigencian dharmayuddha suru thewale asatana teela pejenasmadhye mage sodave lagale. paratalyavar tyala heey pahoon aashchary vatale qee tyachi ghodchori aata purnapane burry jhaali aahe, tarr tine eka bareek pillula janm deela aahe, joou tyala yogya prakare bhet denyat aala hota, fitine sajavalela hota. tyaa badalyat tyane aadesh deela qee shaharane serve sarvajanik utsav sajra karnyasathi lakadi pillu bandhava (hii aakhyayika pratham 1701 madhye nondavali gelee hotee).
seent blaze (3 februwari), seent johnn daad baptist (24 juuna) aanee gruheet dharnyachya mejavanichya (15 august) sarvajanik mejavanichya divashi tyache suruvatiche darshan jhaale. satteche prateek mhanoon, shaharachya 'purvbhav' neey garibanna bhakariche vatap kele (shevatche 1911 madhye hote), tasech rajgharanyatil kinwa itar manyavaranchya bhetihi tyaa velee disu lagalya. 1789 madhye french krantidarmyan, tyachya shahee sanghatananmule 'paulen' jaalanyat aale hote, parantu 1803 madhye tyache punarujjivan karnyat aale. tevhapasoon teey mardy grass aanee itar sanachya prasangi disu lagale aahe. tyachi chaukat, jee ekekali chatnutchi eka bharee rachana hotee, tee 1989 pasoon aluminiumpasoon banavali gelee aahe.
moolatah 'paulen' laa ghodeswar navhate; 'estinou' aanee 'estininate' (kadhikadhi french paddhatine 'stnn' aanee 'estineta' asey lihile jaate) heey 1622 madhye lui sahavya yane shaharala bhet dilee tevhachya aanakhi eka shahee prasangala aathavanyasathi aahet; rajachya pathopath, marechal dii basompier ghodyavar payane nadee olandat hota. tyane eka shetkari-mahilela payee paar karnyat adchan yet asalyache pahile aanee tine teela aaplya ghodyavar basanyachi himmat dakhavali. tyanchya shaharat aanandachya aagamanane khoop manoranjan jhaale aanee tyamule donhi putale yaa ghataneche smaran karnyasathi banavanyat aale.
pezenamadhye lahan, kanishth 'paulen' aahet, jeey mulanni kinwa tyanchyasathi banavale aahet; pezen 'fada' chee dekhil tyanchi swatachi purn aakarachi aavrutti aahe. itaratrahi asech prani kinwa anukarane jhaali aahet, jyapaiki kahee ajunahi aahet. sant-tiberi yethe eka atishay chaitanyashil "paulen" aahe aanee itar (kinwa aahet) edison, eleanan-du-vent, florensack, montblank aanee vius yethe olakhale jaatat (jethe teey madhyayugeen dushkal yaa sthanik aakhyayikeshi jodalele aahe aanee tyala "loow pauli day laa fabo"-shengdanyache pillu mhanoon olakhale jaate). teey aii. jee. dii., coux, montagnac, castellanou, valrose aanee niza yethe dekhil nondavale gele aahet, heey serve langudockmadhye aahet. seent piyare dii solan yetheel eriyatil eka bahya bhag pezenchya majee rahivashane chithawala hota.
"lau chivalet" kinwa "leey shevalet".
nrutyangana kambarela latkavaleli chaukat asalele, spardhechya prakarche chhand asalele ghode, langudockmadhil vividh utsavanmadhye dekhil disu shakatat. shivlet' nrutyache chitran aanee tyachya paramparik dhurache aanee yaa prakarchya pranyache june chhayachitra, aagade yetheel lock sangrahalayat dakhavale aahe. too visheshtah florensackshy sambandhit aahe, jithe tyala "leey shavelet" mhanatat aanee too shaharacha totem manla jaato.
1980 chya sumaras heraltmadhil cornaunteralche shavelet nasht jhaale parantu varshik carnivalcha bhag mhanoon march 2011 madhye tyache punarujjivan karnyat aale.
"mea khoop chhan aahe".
besancha gadhav kinwa gadhav haah langudockchya totem pranyanpaiki aanakhi eka aahe. polenpeksha khoopach lahan, too kapadane jhakalelya chaukatipasun banavala jaato aanee kagadachya fulanni aanee rangavalelya rupanni sajavala jaato. tyachya skartkhali too chaar purush gheuun jaatat, gavavar netrutvakhali, joou pandhara poshakh paridhan karato, aanee tirangyacha zot dharato aanee chabuk fodato. 1970 chya dashkaparyant teey keval paramparik 'houtboise' (obocha eka prakar) aanee dhol hote, taree aajkal vividh vadyanvar bajavalele 'eka' nrutya eka bajula aanee mage aanee pudhe paramparik dhoonanparyant. kadhikadhi prani tyachya magchya bhagala havet udavato, keval neta aanee pahila nartak, joou bhovati firto, tyala aadhar deto; itar teen jann frame khalee utartana pakadanyasathi tayar ubhe rahatat. seent laurentcha sann ughadanyasathi 'eka' baher aanala jaato, joou santachya divasachya sarvat jawalchya shaniwari sandhyakali 5 vajata, fatake aanee ghanta gheuun, nantar punha ravivari sakali jevha too aashirvad ghenyasathi samoohik samarambhat jaato, tevha tyachya antim nrutyapurvi disato.
gignakmadhye eka dekhil aahe.
leey chevel-bayered dii clermont-laal 'heroltche deed shatkahoon adhik kalanantar 1988 madhye punarujjivan karnyat aale. shaharache mool 'chewal-bayered' 1815 madhye jaalanyat aale; jyala 'bayered' (ausitanmadhye 'byred') mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyacha arth beey ghoda aahe, tyache mool 9 vya shatkat shodhale gele aahe.
heroltche itar "totem" prani.
kadachit sarvat prasiddha mhanje basierscha chamo (unt), joou pezenasachya polenpeksha done varshe aadhicha aahe, too 1613 salcha aahe. mez yethe eka motha aanee prabhavi bouf (bail) aahe, jyache tond mothe aahe; too kiman 1229 salcha asalyache mhatale jaate. loow picart, seent-jeane-dii-phos yethe, eka kroor mendhu aahe; too kiman 1683 pasoon astitvat aahe. montagnakmadhye eka bakri aahe. kadhikadhi pranyanchi nivad shabdanchya khelavar aadharit asateh lupionmadhye, aashcharyakarakpane, eka landga ("loop") asato. (sarvat alikadchya aanee bahudha sarvat vichitra, totempaiki eka mhanje 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila tayar kelela survant, leey porket auph pinnet.)
provence, "leii chivox phras".
anek "frisky ghode", tourney hobby ghode, 1942 madhye sthapan jhalelya brignols yaa lokkatha punarujjivan gatatil "leesa tamborinaires dii sant-sumian" yaa paramparik gatasobat yetat. tyanche sadarikaran pramanik paramparanvar vishvasoopane aadharit aahe, jase qee lekhak fredrick mysteral yanni uddhrut kelelya "chivau frusk" madhye ikes-aine-provence aanee lokkathakar violet alford, pramukhyane brignolsver parantu "sampoorn dakshinekadil provensver".
germany.
odenwaldah khrismas "bock", "essel" aanee "skimmelrator".
khrisamasachya aaspas odenwaldmadhye pendha aswal aanee "bock" aakrutinsah vividh prani disu lagale (jyatil vividhata sweeden aanee scandiniachya itar bhaganmadhye hivalyachya madhyat aanee khrisamasachya sumaras dekhil aadhalu shakate, kadachit germanycha dev thore aanee kadachit tyahunahi junya prajnan sanskaranshi sambandh asalele). bock" (naav "bakri", "buck", "menda" kinwa "stagg" mhanoon anuvadit kele jaau shakate) heey mastakachya ghodyasarkhech banavale gele hote, parantu tyachya shinganpasun tayar jhalelya lamb, done kinwa teen-bajuchya gavatpudicha vapar karoon, gheuun patrakat jhakalele, anshatah bharalele, tyavar chehara rangavalele doke tayar karnyasathi; heey kadhikadhi gharmalkala ghabaravanyasathi khidkyambaher dharale jaat asat. kadhikadhi done lock eka lamb shareer asalela prani tayar karnyasathi patrakakhali ubhe asatat. "vehnachatsels" (khrismas gadhve) ashach prakare tayar kele jaat asat, sahasa done lock gadad rangachya kambalyakhali vakoon, pantomime ghodyasarkhe.
skimmelrator' hii eka adhik vistrut rachana hotee, jee done (kinwa adhik) mothya chalani kinwa kodipasoon tayar kelee gelee hotee, jee chhatichya staravar 'ryder' chya samore aanee mage saral sthiteet bandhali gelee hotee. samoril chalanit eka bharalele kapad aanee maan bandhaleli hotee. sampoorn eka patryane jhakalele hote aanee madhyabhagi eka lahan chhidra hote jenekarun fakt swarche doke disu shakel.
ireland.
"larey bhaan".
sant stephenchya divashi (26 december) pub aanee khajgi gharanmadhye sadarikaran pared rainboy mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya ayrish mamarchya sanghanmadhye gheuun chhandatil ghodyacha ("lyer bhaan"-see.eff. varr) spardhechya prakarachi, aanee udaharanarth, county kerimadhil kalvyat, heey sadhyachya shatkat tikoon aahe. ballicotton yethe, qoo. cork, eka 'layer bhaan' neey hallovin yethe shing fodanara tarunancha miravanuk kadhali, jyanni 'muck ola' (eka prasiddha rakshas dukkar) chya navane paise gola kele.
polland.
"lajkonik".
krakov shaharat "lajkonik" navacha eka chhand-ghoda aahe, joou paramparikaritya corpus khristichya dharmik mejavaninantar pahilya guruwari disato aanee rastyanvarun miravanuk kadhato, paise gola karato, sangitkar aanee veshbhushetil anuyayansah, kahee paramparik polish poshakhat, itar prachya poshakhat, jeey ghodyachya shepatiche chinh dharan karatat. lajkonik' chaa rangiberangi poshakh daadh asalelya tatar yoddhyala darshavito, joou soneri gadaa gheuun gheuun ghodyavar basalela asato. gadaa sparsh kelyane nasheeb yete asey mhatale jaate. hii pratha 700 varshanpasun suru asalyache mhatale jaate aanee tichya utpattiche spashtikaran denyasathi vividh katha sangitalya jaatat. chhand ghoda heey krakoche anadhikrut prateek banale aahe aanee aavrutya anekada bajar chaukat paryatakanche aakarshan mhanoon disatat.
spain.
besaki kshetre.
france aanee spainchya simevaril basqa deshat nrutya karanyachi eka majboot parampara aahe. anek nrutye hangami utsavanshi jodaleli aahet. eka lahan lakadi doke aanee eka lahan, lessie scurt asalela, 'tourney' prakarcha eka chhand ghoda, zuberoamadhye (laa soul, dakshin francemadhil basqa deshacha sarvat purvekadil bhag) ezpiz, maule, urdinarbe, barcox, altza, altzurku aanee attaratz sarkhya thikani kahee nrutye aanee miravnukinmadhye bhag gheto. swar' laal kinwa kalya rangacha vistrut poshakh paridhan karato, jyat 'eka unch, berbone topi asate, jyachya samore nehmi aarsa asato. yacha arth khachchar kinwa khachchar-rakhanara assa hoto. jyaa nrutyat "khachchar" bhag ghetat, teey done sangh nrutya karatat, ekane laal poshakh paridhan keela aahe, tarr dusare kalya poshakhat, aanee kahee vidvananni (jase qee pau vidyapithache yugen goyeheneche) eka gavavar gavavar manasanni kelelya hallyache pratinidhitva karnyasathi asey mhatale aahe.
, spain.
samaan moolbhut bandhkamacha adhik dehati disanara ghoda haah spainmadhil lantz yetheel carnivalchya utsavacha eka bhag aahe. daad' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya yaa miravnukicha eka aavashyak bhag, tasech, prachand pendha bharalelya veshbhushetil eka vichitra patra tayar hote.
rakshas aanee mothya dokyanchi pared, pamplona.
pivalya rangachya laal rangachya kapanichya poshakhat, sahaa tourney ghode (kinwa) spainchya navare () madheel inn pamplona (iruna) madhye bhag ghetat. itar besk udaharananpeksha adhik vastavadi, teey ghodyachya sharirachya sampoorn varchya bhagachi dokyapasoon shepatiparyant pratikruti tayar karatat, khalee eka scurt jodalela asato. pratyek "swar" eka tokdar topi aanee eka kathivar fulalela mutrashay dharan karat asato; aata, tyanchyabarobar pared pared trikoni mothya dokyanpramane, teey phoom-rabarpasoon banavalele follick pizzle gheuun jaatat, jyacha vapar teey prekshakanna bhural ghalanyasathi karatat.
catalonia.
ishanya spainchya catalonia pradeshat anek sann aahet jyat rakshas aanee aakarane mothe prani yanchya miravnukincha samavesh asato; kahimadhye chhand asalelya ghodyancha dekhil samavesh asato ("tourney" prakarache, parantu qamee-adhik vastavadi doke aanee shareer asalele, aajkal bahutekda tantumay kachapasoon tayar kelele).
khachcharanchya mothya aakrutya dekhil anek thikani aadhaltat, jyaa done kalakaranna gheuun jaatat, jyanche paay pranyachya pokal sharirala latakalelya skartkhali disatat. yavyatirikt, bail, garud aanee sinh yanchyasarkhe vividh prakarche dragon dekhil lokpriy aahet; anekjan tyanna fatake lavtat kinwa tyanchya bhovati firatat.
santa tekla utsav, taragona.
santa tekla utsav 15 teey 24 september darmyan taragona yethe hoto aanee tyat 23 september haah sant deane samavisht asato. utsavancha eka pramukh bhag asalelya miravnukanmadhye anek vastavik aanee pauranik pranyanchi veshbhusha kelee jaate. tyapaiki done nartak tyanchya payanvyatirikt tyachya skartkhali lapvoon thevalelya aayushyapeksha motha 'mulasa' (khachchar) aahe.
eliga" (garud), "boow" (bail), "kukafera" (koko, eka pauranik rakshas), "drack dii sant rock" (seent rochacha dragon), "lio" (sinh) aanee "vibriya" (pramukh stanansah eka maadee vivern) heey itar prani bhag ghetat. yapaiki anekanchya tokanna fatake jodalele asatat kinwa tyanchya sevkankadun kidicha varshav keela jaato aanee heey eka netradipak drushya aahe.
ashiya.
indoneshiya.
"kuda kepang," "kuda lumping" "kinwa" "jaaran kepang". "
kuda lumping (vinalele bambuche ghode, jyanna kuda kepang kinwa 'jaaran kepang' asehi mhanatat) heey indoneshiyatil jaava betavaril ghodeswaranchya gatache chitran karnare eka paramparik jawani nrutya aahe. nartak bambupasoon banavalelya aanee rangiberangi rung aanee kapadane sushobhit ghodyanvar "sawari" karatat. samanyatah, yaa nrutyat ghodyanvar swar sainikanche chitran kele jaate, parantu kuda lumpingchya sadarikaranatil aanakhi eka prakarat padari aanee jaduchya yuktya dekhil samavisht aahet.
shejarchya johor aanee singapurmadhye jawani sthalantaritanni hii qalaa sadar kelee aahe, jithe tee khas nrutya mandalandware vivahsohalyanmadhye sadar kelee jaate. danyang" chya netrutvakhalil eka vishisht gatat aaj 9 ghodeswar, 2 vaidyakeey purush, 5 gamelan sangitkar aanee 9-15 'palak' yancha samavesh aahe.
aadhunik sadarikarananmadhye islamla javamadhye javamadhye nauu prasiddha muslim santanchya (valee songo) katha punha sakarlya jaatat, parantu aajkal tyaa anekada sankshipt thevalya jaatat aanee keval manoranjanasathi thevalya jaatat; tyaa mahilandware dekhil sadar kelya jaau shakatat. gamelan talvadya vadyavrund 2 dhol, eka latkanara gong, lakadi chaukativar done ghungharool gong aanee "angclung" navachya 5 nalikeey bambuchya chimanni banalela asato.
tathapi, purn, adhik vistrut sadarikarananchya tapashilanmadhye shamanvadi trans-sarkhya malkichya avasthancha samavesh hoto aanee hii pratha moolatah totemic upasanecha eka prakar asoo shakate.
shakate shatkachya suruvatichya kalatil chhayachitranmadhye, emsterdamchya tropenmusiumchya (ushnakatibandhiy sangrahalay) sangrahat, aanakhi eka vidhee nrutya, 'riyog ponogoro' dakhavanyat aale aahe, jyat vaghancha eka motha mukhavata aanee veshbhusha ('sing barong') samavisht aahe, jyat 'jatil' vinalelya bambuchya chhand ghodyansah jeey jaaran kepang nrutya sadar karatat.
uttar america.
newfoundland mummering.
newfoundlandmadhye, kahivela 'mast' prakarchya chhand ghodyancha vapar mummer kinwa 'jeanny' karatat jeey khrisamasachya hangamat mammaringsathi jaatat; tyanni tyanchya ghar-ghar bhetivar ashach prakare banavalela khrismas bail dekhil ghetala. dusht ghoda haah dusht asanyacha hetu navhata, parantu tyache swaroop aanee vinod heey anekada bhet bhet kinwa tyanna bhet bhet ghabaravat asat. mummering sampale hote, parantu alikadchya punarujjivanacha anand ghetala aahe aanee pahilya mummers mahotsavat (december 2009 madhye seent johns yethe aayojit) chhand ghode banavanyachya karyashala dekhil jhalya hotya.
sanskrutik sandarbh.
sandarbh british cult-horror flick daad wicker manchya kamal drushyanmadhil vaishishtyannusar, eka teaser, eka moorkh aanee eka chhand ghoda, joou mahilanna tyachya skartkhali pakadanyacha prayatna karato, yasah meey-day miravanuk.
itar arth.
chhand ghoda' yaa shabdavarun 'aekhadyachya chhand-ghodyavar swar hone' hii abhivyakti aalee, jyacha arth 'aavadatya karamanukiche anusaran karane' aanee tyaa badalyat, 'chhand' yaa shabdacha aadhunik arth.
hii sandnya barren carl wonn dressney shodhalelya cyclechya agraganya 'dressin' shhee dekhil jodaleli aahe. 1818 madhye, dennis johnson navachya londonchya prashikshak-nirmatyane eka sudharit aavrutti tayar karnyas suruvat kelee, jee lokpriyapane 'chhand-ghoda' mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee.
kalatmak chalval, dada, heey naav bahudha french mulachya chhand ghoda yaa shabdavarun padale asave.
hii sandnya dekhil sagari aahe. eka jahaj jeey sumelane samudrat pudhe aanee mage sarakate, teey ghodeswaricha chhand asalyache mhatale jaate.

