
chaghalane

chaghalane kinwa mastication hii ashee prakriya aahe jyadvare ann chirun datanni dalale jaate. hii pachanachi pahili payari aahe aanee teey annapadarthanche prushthbhagache kshetrafal vadhavate jenekarun enzymesdware adhik karyakshampane vighatan houu shakate. mastication prakriyedarmyan, datanchya darmyan gaal aanee jibhene ann dalanyasathi thewale jaate. mastication snayu datanna adhunmadhun samparkat aananyasathi, varanvar bund karoon ughadanyasathi jabadyanna halavatat. chaghalane suru asatana, ann mauu aanee ubdar hote aanee laleteel enzymes annatil karbodakanche vighatan karoo lagatat. chavalyanantar, ann (jyala aata bolas mhanatat) gilale jaate. teey annanaliket pravesh karate aanee peristalsisdware potaparyant suru rahate, jithe pachanachi pudhchi payari yete. prati dansh chaghalanyachi sankhya vadhalyane aatadyatil sambandhit samprerak vadhatat. abhyas asey suchavatat qee chaghalalyane swatah-nondavaleli bhook aanee annache sevan qamee houu shakate. chyuingam anek shatkanpasun astitvat aahe; uttar europatil lokanni 9,000 varshanpurvi barchchya salcha taar chaghalalyache purave aahet. 
vishesh datanchi aavashyakta asalelya chaghalane heey mukhytah sastan pranyanche rupantar aahe jeey suruvatichya synapsidmadhye disun aale, jaree nantar kahee shakahari dynasore, namshesh jhalyapasun, chaghalane dekhil vikasit kele hote. aajkal, kahee mashanchi vaganuk kahishi sarkhi asali taree keval sastan pranich yaa shabdachya kathor arthane chaghalatat. pakshi, ubhaychar kinwa konatehi jiwant sarpatanare prani chavat naheet. 
swatahsathi tase karoo naan shakananya arbhakansathi kadhikadhi manvi palkankadun premastication kele jaate. ann palakanchya tondat eka gathimadhye misalale jaate aanee nantar balakade sevan karnyasathi hastantarit kele jaate. (itar kahee pranidekhil premasticate karatat.)
guredhore aanee itar kahee prani, jyanna jugalbandi karnare prani mhanatat, teey adhik poshakdravye kadhanyasathi ekapeksha jaast vela ann chaghalatat. chaghalanyachya pahilya ferinantar yaa annala cudd mhanatat.
chaghalane heey mahattvache aahe aanee ekoon aarogyasathi fayadeshir aahe. jarr ann yogyaritya chaghalale nahee tarr teey gudmaroon aanee pachankriyechya itar samasyanna karanibhoot tharoo shakate.
chuing motor karyakram.
chaghalane hii pramukhyane eka beshuddha (ardh-swayatt) krutee aahe, parantu uchch janivpurvak dilelya mahitidvare madhyasthi kelee jaau shakate. masticationsathicha motor program haah eka gruhitakit kendriya majjasanstheche karya aahe jyadvare mastication niyantrit karnare jatil namune tayar kele jaatat aanee niyantrit kele jaatat.
asey manale jaate qee datanmadhil propreoceptive majjatantu aanee temporomandibular sandhyanmadhil pratisad majjatantu marganchya nirmitivar niyantran thevato, jeey tyaa badalyat vaiyaktik snayu sakriyatecha kalavadhi aanee shakti nirdharit karatat (aanee kahee prakarananmadhye snayu tantunche gut macitor aanee temporalis pramane).
haah motor karyakram ann prakaratil kinwa avarodhatil badalanshi satat julavun gheto. heey anukulan heey eka shikalele kaushalya aahe, jyala kadhikadhi daat galatishi julavun ghenyasathi kinwa dant upkarnansarkhya dant upkarananshi julavun ghenyasathi punha shikanyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate.
asey manale jaate qee ardhkriyatmak savayinchya maryadet janivpurvak madhyasthi karane mahatvache aahe kaaran samanyatah, zopechya kalat aanee tanavachya velee motor program atee pramanat guntavala jaau shakato. heey dekhil siddha kele jaate qee myphasial vedna kinwa auklusal asantulanamule motor programmadhye atee input parafunctional savayinmadhye yogdan deu shakate.
poshan aanee aarogya.
chaghalalyane laleche utpadan uttejit hote aanee khallelya annabaddalchi sanvedanatmak dharana vadhate, jyamule ann kevha gilale jaate yavar niyantran rahate. eka abhyasatil purave asey suchavatat qee badam 25-40 vela chaghalalyane lock bharalele rahatat aanee tyanna badamanmadhun adhik poshakdravye midavata yetat. itar khadyapadarthanmadhyehi asey honyachi shakyata aahe, asehi sanshodhak suchavatat. 2015 chya pranaligat punaravalokanat asey purave aadhalale aahet qee chaghalalyane swatah-nondavaleli bhook aanee tyamule annache sevan qamee houu shakate. nivadinusar kinwa daat galane mhanoon vaidyakeey karananmule chaghalanyachi aavashyakta nasalele ann khane, haah saumya aahar mhanoon olakhala jaato. asha aaharamule fale aanee bhajyanche sevan qamee jhalyamule apure poshan houu shakate.
chaghalanyane hippocampusla dekhil uttejan milate aanee tyache samanya karya rakhanyasathi teey aavashyak aahe. chaghalalyane manav aanee under yaa doghanmadhye hippocampal neurogenesis uttejit hote.
itar pranyanmadhye.
chaghalane heey mukhyatve sastan pranyanchya shakahari pranyanche rupantar aahe. mansahari prani samanyatah khoop qamee chaghalatat kinwa tyanche ann sampoorn kinwa tukadyanmadhye gilatat. chaghalalyashivay ann (kinwa aushadhachya golya) pinyachya yaa krutimule ingraji vakpracharala "teey qamee karane" prerana midali aahe.
gayinsarkhe itar prani tyanche ann dirghkal chaghalatat jenekarun yogya pachnas anumati milel, jyala rumination mhanatat. sanshodhkankadun gayinmadhye ratrichi afava tivra asalyache disun aale aahe. tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee gayee sakalchya tulanet ratrichya velee adhik kaljipurvak chaghalatat.
ornithopods, hadrosaurids ("duck-bills") saha dynasorecha eka gut, cretaceous kalat sastan pranyanche daadh aanee chhedanbindusarkhe daat vikasit kele; yaa pragat, gayisarkhe dantprakaranamule pranyanna katheen vanaspati jivanatoon adhik poshak tattve midavata aalee. yamule tyanna tyanchya paryavaraniy thikani, ann daloon naan pachavanyasathi tyanchya vishal jatharantra marganvar avalambun asalelya durjey surropods spardha karnyasathi aavashyak asalela fayda midala asel. cretaceous-paleogen namshesh honyachya ghatanene tyancha naash hoiparyant teey akheris grahavareel kahee sarvat yashasvi prani banale.
yantrasamagrimadhye.
chaghalanyachi prakriya, sadrushyane, yantrasamagrivar lagoo kelee gelee aahe. yuu.ess. jangalatil aagichya aadhi aag vizavanyasathi vann seva brush aanee lakdadvare "chaghalanyasathi" "masticator" (jyala vanasamvardhan palwar yantra dekhil mhanatat) navache yantra vaparte.
sheet daab juicer, auxigen kinwa ushnata-sanvedanshil poshak tatvanchi haanee naan hota fale aanee bhajyanmadhun rus kadhanyasathi mastication prakriyecha vapar karato kaaran tyat gharshan qamee asate.