
united kingadammadhil shale gass

2007 saalee sagari kinanyavar aparamparik shale vayoo utpadan prastavit karnyat aale tevhapasoon united kingadammadhil shale vayoone adhikadhik laksh vedhale aahe. englandmadhil pahili shale vayoo vihir 1875 madhye khodanyat aalee. 2013 paryant anek vihiri khodanyat aalya hotya aanee shale vayoo utpadakanna anukool curr upchar denyat aale hote.
julai 2013 madhye, brittonche pantpradhan david cameron yanni dawa keela hota qee, "frackingmadhye urjechi bile qamee karanyachi kharee kshamata aahe". tathapi, november 2013 madhye udyog aanee sarkarche pratinidhi, jase qee bii. pii. chey majee mukhya karyakari aanee sarkari sallagar laurd braun, urja sachiv edd davy aanee arthshastradnya laurd stern yanni sangitale qee ektya brittenmadhye frackingmule kimmati qamee honar naheet kaaran britton haah changlya prakare jodalelya european bajarpethecha bhag aahe.
, yuu. keey. madhye shale vayuche konatehi vyavsayik utpadan jhaale navhate, aanee yuu. keey. madhye shale vayuche konatehi sathya aarakshit navhate. februwari 2022 madhye teel aanee vayoo pradhikaranane (oga) brittonchya shale vihirinna 'plug aanee sodoon denyache' aadesh dile.
kshetra.
urja aanee hawaman badal vibhagane (dii. eae. see.) purv aanee dakshin englandmadhil mothya bhaganna 'shale vayoo kshamata sarvottam' asalyache moolatah olakhaleh tathapi aktoobar 2014 madhye prasiddha jhalelya british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee shale vayuchi shakyata qamee aahe kaaran kshetra adyap aushnik paripakvata gathalele nahee.
boveland besin.
august 2010 madhye, kwadrila sansadhananni brittonchya pahilya shale vayoo shodh vihireet, boveland khoyatil preeze-holl-1 madhye khodkam suru kele. vihir 800 meater sendriya-samruddha shelmadhye ghusali. 2011 chya suruvatila companyne vihireela jalmargane todale, parantu jevha tyane 2.3 aanee 1.5 yaa tivratechya done bhookampachya ghatana ghadavalya, jyapaiki sarvat mothya ghatana prushthbhagavar kiman 23 lokanna jaanavalya tevha operation sthagit kele. meey 2011 madhye vihirinche kaam thambale aanee sarkarne bhookampacha dhoka maryadit karnyasathi atirikt niyantrananchya adheen rahoon december 2012 paryant kayam rahilelya hydraulic fracturingwar sthagiti jaheer kelee.
september 2011 madhye, kuadrilane lancashiremadhil fielde kinanyakhali 200 trillion cubic phoot (tii. see. eff.) vayucha motha shodh lagalyachi ghoshana kelee. kuadrilane sangitale qee jarr teey tyaa jaagi asalelya vayuchi 10-20% punarprapt karoo shakale tarr anand hoil. laurd braunane prasarmadhyamanchya mulakhatinmadhye yaa nantarchya muddyakade durlaksh kele, assa dawa keela qee lancashirecha shodh brittonchya vayoo vaparache "56 varshe" samadhan karoo shakato, ashach prakarchya, khalbaljanak madhyamanchya ahavalanmadhye assa dawa keela gela aahe qee haah shodh "itka samruddha hota qee too anek dashakanpasun brittonchya garja purn karoo shakat hota", kinwa tyat "lancashiresathi kapus udhyogapeksha adhik karanyachi kshamata hotee."(tulanesathi, 1811 madhye, kauntichya 37 takke kinwa sumare 70,000 lokanna, lancashiremadhil kapus udhyogat sarvadhik rojgar midala; kuadrilacha assa vishvas aahe qee frackingmule lancashiremadhye 1,700 rojgar nirman hotil, sadhyachi loksankhya 1.1 dashalaksh aahe). british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan-jeey brittonchya khanij sansadhananchi yadee tayar karnyasathi jababdar aahe aanee tyachya andajanmadhye adhik savadh aahe-asey vatale qee, tathapi, yaa shodhachya prakashat tyachya andajanche punarmulyankan karnyas pravrutt kele gele, jeey utpadan shikharavar asatana brittenmadhye 5,600 nokya deu shakate asey kuadrilala vatate. udhyogachya andajanusar ektya lancashiremadhil shale gass pudhil teen dashkansathi varshala 6 abj paund gass vitareet karoo shakato.
2011 aanee 2012 madhye, aay. jee. aii. ess. neey shale vayuche moolyankan karnyasathi khol vihir khodali aanee kull sendriya samagri sarasari 2.7% saha boveland shelmadhye vayoo pradarshan aadhalale. olsar vayuchya khidakimadhye hii rachana ushnadrushtya paripakv asalyache nondavale gele. igassney 2011 madhye gass parvanyanche mothe khand vikat ghetale, jyapaiki bahutek shale gassathi sambhavya aahet. aaygasne jaheer kele qee teey manchesterjavalachya barton yethe shale vayuche moolyankan karnyasathi vihir khodatil. aktoobar 2013 madhye khodkam suru hoil aanee tyasathi done teey teen mahine lagtil. igassney vihireela hydraulically fracture karnyasathi parvanyasathi arj kelela nahee.
julai 2013 madhye, kuadrilane grange dongral thikani purvi khodalelya vihireet hydraulically fracture karnyasathi parvanyasathi arj keela. april 2014 madhye, kuadrilane philade yetheel shale gass shodh sthalanchya rahivashanshi satat sallamasalat suru thevanyachya batamya prakashit kelya.
juuna 2013 paryant, boveland khore heey brittenmadhil ekmev kshetra hote jithe visheshtah shale vayusathi vihiri khodalya gelya aahet. chaar vihiri kwadrila sansadhananni aanee eka aay. jee. aii. urja vaparoon khodanyat aalya aahet. konatyahi vihiritoon vayoo tayar jhalela nahee.
2019 madhye lancashire constabularyne juuna 2017 teey juuna 2019 darmyan, countymadhye polis fracking kharch £ 11.745m assa andaj vartavala.
weld besin.
meey 2014 madheel british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan ahavalat asey soochit kele gele aahe qee londonchya dakshinekadil weld besinmadhye shale vayoo tutanyachi shakyata qamee hotee.
uttar ireland.
februwari 2013 madhye pricewaterhousecooperschya ahavalanusar, jaree yaa davyanvar sanasanati asalyache mhatale jaat asale taree uttar irelandmadhye 80 abj paundancha satha asoo shakato.
rashtriy udyaneh uttar york moors, shikhar jilha, dakshin downes aanee yorkshire dales.
2015 paryant, durham urja sansthene rashtriy udyananmadhye khodkam karnyachya sambhavyatechi tapasani kelee. uttar york moors, shikhar jilha, dakshin daun aanee yorkshire delschya dakshines hii bhuvidnyanatil swarasyapoorn udyane aahet.
sansadhananche andaj.
urja aanee hawaman badal nivad samitichya 2011 chya ahavalanusar, "brittenmadhil shale vayoo sansadhane lakshaniy asoo shakatat-visheshtah kinaanyaalagat-parantu teey yuu. ess. madhye jitke hote titkech 'game changer' asanyachi shakyata nahee, jithe shale vayoo krantimule naisargik vayuchya kimmatit ghat jhaali aahe."tathapi, samitiche adhyaksh team yoo yanni 2012 madhye tyanche vaiyaktik mutt sudharit kele aanee shale gass haah eka" "game changer" "aahe joou" "brittonchya urja swatantryat badal ghadavun aanoo shakato" "assa yuktivad keela". 1960 chya dashakapasun prathamach 2011 madhye brittenmadhil vayuchya aayatine deshantargat utpadanas mage takale hote, tyachprakare frackingmadhye rus aala.
punarprapt karnyayogya shale vayuchya samanyatah qamee takkevarichya anishchitatemule punarprapt karnyayogya strotachya aakaracha andaj lavane katheen aahe. yavyatirikt, sambhaganchya kimmati vadhavanyasathi kampanya sathyacha motha andaj gheu shakatat. americet, companyanna 2011 madhye tyanni guntavanukdaranna dilelya andajat, jyat prasiddhipatrakadvare jaheer kelelya aakadevaricha samavesh aahe, vaadh karnyat aalyachya sanshayavarun summons bajavanyat aale hote. 2012 madhye, yuu. ess. madheel rashtriy sanstha.ess. aanee polandane shale vayoo sansadhananchya tyanchya andajat natakiyaritya sudharana kelee.
mulyankanatil samasyecha eka bhag mhanje suruvatichya aakadevarivarun honanya ghasaranichya vakr vishleshanachi anishchitata dekhil aaheh shale vayoo vihiri pahilya kinwa done varshant zapatyane khalee padoo shakatat, nantar haloohaloo ghasaranichya daraparyant pohochu shakatat; vakr aakar aanee tyamule antim punarprapti, prarambhik utpadan daravarun andaj lavane katheen aahe.
khodkam karnyapurvi, aay. jee. aii. neey inus daldalichya thikani 4.6 tii. see. eff. chya jaagi vayucha andaj lavala, jaree tyateel 20 takkyanhun adhik punarprapt karata yeil ashee shakyata navhati; tyanchi pahili vihir khodalyanantar, aay. jee. aii. neey jaheer kele qee tyaa thikani asalela andajit vayoo tyanchya aadhichya andajapeksha kiman duppat aahe, punaravruttisathi tantrik purave sadar naan karata.
2012 chya suruvatila, celtic energine andaj vartavala qee west susasexchya harshamchya dakshinekadil grameen bhagat 14 tii. see. eff. paryant punarprapt karnyayogya sathyanchi kshamata asoo shakate. peedablyusichya ahavalanusar, 2011 madheel prathamik andajanusar, sauth velsmadhye 70 abj paund kimaticha shale vayoo aanee uttar irelandmadhye 1.5bn bii. bii. ell. telachya samatulya asoo shakato. heey sachebajiche sansadhan andaj aahet, rakheev naheet. aajtagayat, europemadhye kuthehi shale vayuche konatehi prakashit vyavsayik sathe naheet.
british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan.
juuna 2013 madhye, british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanane madhya brittonchya boveland shelmadhye asalela vayoo 822 tii. see. eff. teey 2281 tii. see. eff. chya shreneet asalyacha andaj vartavala, jyacha kendriya andaj aahe, parantu kitee vayoo punarprapt karnyayogya asanyachi shakyata aahe yacha andaj lavala nahee aanee ishara dilah
udhyogancha andaj hota qee sumare 10 takke vayoo baher kadhala jaau shakato. 130 tii. see. eff. sumare 50 varshe brittonchya vayoo garja purn karel.
british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanane (bii. jee. ess.) dilelya tippanine samudrakinanyavar shale vayuchi aanakhi lakshaniy kshamata asalyache suchavale.
bii. jee. ess. neey nottingham vidyapithachya 2019 chya sanyukt peparmadhye tyancha andaj adyayavat keela, jyamadhye asey aadhalun aale qee shelmadhun punarprapt karnyayogya vayoo "purvichya kalpanepeksha 10 putt qamee" aanee "sadhyachya vaparat 10 varshanpeksha khoopach qamee puravatha" aahe. fracking prushthbhagachya vikasachya garja aanee vidyaman payabhoot suvidhanvaril tyacha parinam vicharat ghenanya durham aanee nucasal vidyapithanni 2018 madhye lihilelya eka peparmadhye asey aadhalun aale qee fracking 3 varshanpeksha qamee gass vaparachya samatulya pradan karel.
us urja mahitee prashasana.
juuna 2013 madhye, yuu. ess. urja mahitee prashasanane shale vayucha jagbharatil andaj jaaree keela, jyamadhye yuu. keey. madheel punarprapt karnyayogya shale vayoo sansadhanancha apoorn andaj samavisht hota. englandchya uttarekadil carboniferous shale khonyanmadhye aanee scotlandchya khonyanmadhye, jyat boveland khonyacha samavesh aahe, tyat 25 trillion cubic phoot punarprapt karnyayogya shale vayoo asalyacha andaj hota. dakshin englandchya wessex khonyachya aanee weld khonyachya jurassic shelmadhye 600 abj ghanfoot punarprapt karnyayogya shale vayoo aanee 700 dashalaksh baryl sambandhit teel asalyacha andaj hota. agencyne nondavale qee yuu. keey. shale khore americetil khonyanpeksha adhik guntaguntiche aahet aanee tyamule drill karane adhik mahag aahe. dusarikade, juuna 2013 paryant, united kingadammadhil naisargik vayuchi kimmat america aanee canadatil kimmatichya duppat aanee itar strotandvare tippat asalyache nondavale gele hote.
niyam.
2012 madhye, samasya olakhanyasathi aanee niyamak sansthanna sallah denyasathi sarkarne niyukt kelelya royal society aanee royal association auph engineers (aar. ess./aar. eae.) chya sanyukt ahavalat, niyamak samanvay aanee kshamata rakhanyavar laksh kendrit karoon niyaman "uddeshane yogya asale pahije" aanee "bhavishyatil shale gass udyog deshbharat vikasit jhalyas jokhim jyaa prakare vadhate tyavar bharr denyat aala."sarkarne niyamak chaukatichya aavashyaktanchi ruparesha asalelya eka papers pratisad deela.
janewari 2014 madhye, european aayogane kelelya prabhav mulyankanat assa nishkarsh kadhala qee shale vayoo shodh aanee vikasasathi vidyaman kayadeshir aanee niyamak vatavaran apurate hote aanee uchch pramanatil hydraulic fracturingsathi vishisht aavashyaktansah naveen nirdeshanchi shifaras keleeh "paryavaraniy jokhim aanee parinam"; "sarvajanik chinta door karane" aanee; "guntavanuk saksham karane". august 2016 madhye, paryavaran sansthene englandmadhil kinanyavaril prachalkansathi "pravah chachani aanee hydraulic fracturings vihiris uttejan" yaa margdarshak tattvavaril tyanchya antim aavruttisah 2013 chya masudyatil sallamasalaticha pathpurava keela.
2018 chya uttaradhat, majee kamgar khasdar aanee 2013 chey khasdar, natasha engel yanchi 'frackingsathi yooke aayukt' mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. tyach velee, 49 bhoogarbhshastradnyanni british broadsheet vruttapatranna sanyukt patre lihoon assa yuktivad keela qee sakriy fracking sitechya bhovati bhookampanvar 0.50 chee maryada, jyachya varr fracking thambavane aavashyak aahe, khoop qamee hotee. teel aanee vayoo shodh sanstha kwadrila, lancashiremadhye fracking kaam suru thevu shakali nahee kaaran yaa maryadepeksha jaast kirkol bhookamp hott hote; teey rahivashanna shodhata aale naheet, parantu upkarnandware karata yet hote aanee tyanchi vel lakshat gheta fracking kriyakalapanshi agadi spashtapane sambandhit hote. 28 april 2019 roji, fracking aayuktanni rajinama deela aahe, asey mhanat qee fracking vikas (lancashire bhagat aanee boveland shelmadhye) 0.05 chya chhotya bhookampanna pratibandh karananya niyamandware 'throttled' keela jaat aahe.
teeka.
2012 madhye, royal society aanee royal academy auph engineeringchya sanyukt ahavalat sadhyachya niyamnavar teeka karnyat aalee hotee, jeey well parikshak heey operating companypasoon swatantra asalyachi khatri karoon gheuun well parikshak yojaneche swatantrya sunishchit karnyat ayashasvi tharale. sarkarne uttar dileh "kahee vihirinche chalak aahet jyanna antargat parikshak vaparayache aahet aanee jarr teey vihirinchi rachana/bandhkam/operationchya konatyahi pailunpasoon nishpakshata aanee swatantryachya yogya patalichya dii. see. aar. (rachana aanee bandhkam niyam) aavashyakta purn karoo shakat asateel tarr too paryay tyanchyasathi kayadeshiraritya khula aahe."(uddharan vaparnyaivaji heey bhashantar qaraa)
hawaman badal.
shale vayoo haah mukhyatve mithen, eka hydrocarbon indhan aahe. tyamule tyatoon nirman honara carbon dioxide kolshapeksha qamee asala taree jaagtik tapmanvadhila karanibhoot tharato. haritgruh vayoo asalelya naan jalalelya methainche galatee kinwa palalele utsarjan hii adhik chintechi baab aahe. assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee, hydrocarbonscha naveen srot ughadatana, yamule akshay urja strotanche protsahan aanee vittapuravatha qamee houu shakato.
2008 chya hawaman badal kayadyane 2030 madhye 50 takkyanni aanee 2050 paryant 80 takkyanni utsarjan qamee karnyasathi brittenla vachanbaddha kele. 2013 madhye brittonne kolshatoon 36 takke veej nirman kelee. tyanusar, kolshachya jaagi shale vayoo haah eka sambhavya upay asel joou maganinusar vishvasarh veej puravato kaaran tyache haritgruh vayuche moolya kolshachya jawalpas ardhe aahe.
2011 saalee americet jhalelya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee methainchya palalelya utsarjanamule shale vayoo kolshapeksha adhik haritgruh vayoo utsarjan karoo shakato. yaa abhyasavar itar sanshodhakanni teeka kelee hotee, parantu lekhakancha assa yuktivad aahe qee tyanchya mahitila nantar itar abhyasanni pushti dilee aahe.
brittenmadhil mothya pramanavar naisargik vayoo vikasachya parinamachya 2013 chya sarkari-prayojit abhyasane assa nishkarsh kadhala qee shale vayumadhun honare utsarjan hawaman badalachi uddishte purn karnyashi susangat asoo shakate, joparyant utsarjanacha pratikar jagatil itaratra samaan aakarachya kapatindware keela jaat aahe, jaree lekhak asey suchavatat qee 'jaagtik hawaman dhorananshivay...naveen jivashma indhanachya vaparamule ektrit carbon utsarjanat vaadh honyachi aanee hawaman badalacha dhoka nirman honyachi shakyata aahe.
april 2014 madhye, hawaman badalavaril aantarsarkari samiteene (aay. pii. see. see.) aapala pachva moolyankan ahwal jaaree keela. naisargik vayoo aanee shale vayoo vadvivadachya sandarbhat, tyat mhatale aahe qee, "sadhyachya jaagtik sarasari kolshavar chalana veej prakalpanchya jaagi aadhunik, atyant karyaksham naisargik vayoo sanyukt-chakr veej prakalp kinwa sanyukt ushnata aanee urja prakalp vaparoon urja puravathyamadhun honare jee. etch. jee. utsarjan lakshaniyaritya qamee kele jaau shakate, jarr naisargik vayoo upalabdh asel aanee nishkarshan aanee purvathyashi sambandhit palpute utsarjan qamee kinwa qamee asel (majboot purave, uchch karar). 2100 paryant sumare 450 ppm eq sandrateparyant pohochnanya shaman paristhitimadhye, see. see. see. shivay naisargik vayoo veej nirmiti eka pool tantradnyan mhanoon kaam karate, 2050 paryant sadhyachya patalichya shikharavar pohochanyapurvi aanee khalee yenyapurvi upayojan vadhate aanee shatkachya uttaradhat aanakhi qamee hote (majboot purave, uchch karar).
november 2014 madhye, yooke urja sanshodhan kendrane eka ahwal jaaree keela jyamadhye mhatale hote qee "qamee carbon arthvyavasthela 'bridging indhan' mhanoon vayoo mahattvachi bhoomika bajavu shakato, parantu ishara deela aahe qee vayoo samasyecha bhag honyas jaast vel laganar nahee, tyaeivaji upay". tyat namood kele aahe qee yooke tyachya nimmyahoon adhik vayuchi aayat karate aanee "2020 chya uttaradhat aanee 2030 chya suruvatila vayucha vapar qamee honyas suruvat jhaali aahe, 2035 nantar konatyahi pramukh bhoomikesathi carbon capture aanee sathavanukicha vyapak vapar aavashyak aahe" asehi teey namood karate, yukarkane shelvar banking karnyaivaji paryayi qamee carbon urja strotanmadhye guntavanuk vegane vadhavanyachi aanee adhik vayoo sathavanukimadhye guntavanuk karanyachi shifaras kelee aahe, jyamule grahakanna alpakalin puravatha vyatyay aanee kimmatinmadhye vaadh honyapasoon sanrakshn milanyas madat hoil "
paryavaraniy prabhav.
2012 madhye, royal society aanee royal academy auph engineering shale gass reviewne sanyuktapane prakashit kelelya ahavalat bhujal pradushan, vihirinchi akhandata, bhookampacha dhoka, vayoo galatee, dhwani pradushan, panyacha vapar aanee vilhewat, paryavaraniy jokhamiche vyavasthapan, uttam paddhatichi amalbajavani, vihirinchi akhandata hii "mahattvachi" baab asalyabaddalachya shifarshincha samavesh hota.
vayoo pradushan.
drillingmule hydrocarbon aadharit rasayananmule pradushan houu shakate ashee chinta americet nirman jhaali aahe. brittenmadhil niyam ekoon drav aanee vayoo surakshechi magani karatat, mhanje niyamit karyat, jalat nasalele konatehi vayoo utsarjit kele jaanar naheet. keval surakshechya karanansathi kinwa aapatkalin paristhititach jalat nasalelya vayuche nirgaman karnyas parvanagi aahe.
bhujal pradushan.
british bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanane, shelchya rachananchya hydraulic fracturing amerikechya anubhavacha aadhava ghetana asey nirikshan nondavaleh "jethe samasya kharokhar shale vayuchya karyamule karanibhoot aahet, tethe samasya shale vayusathi vishisht asalelya konatyahi goshtiaivaji vihirinchi kharab rachana aanee bandhkam aahe."
vihiricha tyag kelyanantar mithendware bhujal dooshit houu shakateh "vayoo aanee itar dooshit padarth yaa crackmadhye haloohaloo jamaa houu shakatat, uthal staranmadhye pravesh karoo shakatat kinwa utpadan kinwa vihiricha tyag kelyanantar anek varshanni prushthbhagavar galatee dekhil houu shakate. prushthbhagavaril aavarandekhil aaspaschya jaminivarun prushthbhagavar vayoo galatee honyapasoon bachav karat nahee."
jaminicha vapar.
dishatmak khodkamamule mothya hydrocarbon jalashayat, europechya sarvat mothya kinanyavaril telkshetra, vayach farmsarkhya ekach vihiricha vapar karoon pravesh karata yeto. december 2013chya dii. see. see. chya dhoranatmak paryavaraniy moolyankan ahavalat drishyaman kelelya changlya antarachya andajanusar, gardichya bhagat vihirinchya padsathi 5 kiimii antar asanyachi shakyata aahe, jyat pratyek vihireet 3 hectorparyant antar asanyachi shakyata aahe. pratyek padmadhye 24 vegvegalya vihiri asoo shakatat. heey jaminichya kshetrafalachya 0.16% itake aahe.
2016 madhye, jaal aanee paryavaran vyavasthapanasathichya sanadi sansthene (see. aay. doubleu. eae. emm.) asey mhatale hote qee shale vayoo kshetre paramparik kinanyavaril kshetranpeksha sambhavyatah "adhik vyapak" asateel, paramparik vihirinchya padsathi 1.9 hectorchya tulanet sumare 3.6 hector prati shale vayoo vihiricha vapar kartil aanee shale vayoo vihirichya padche "purnatva kinwa parityag" kelyanantar, uchch krishi, naisargik kinwa sanskrutik mulyachya bhagat "jaaga purnapane punarsanchayit karane" shakya honar nahee.
changli sachoti.
royal society aanee royal academy auph engineeringchya sanyukt punaravalokanachya adhyakshatekhalil pradhyapak meer yanchya matey, "akhandatela mahatva aahe".
pahilya yuu. keey. shale vayoo vihireet, preeze holl 1, cement bonned logg (see. bii. ell.) madhye vihirichya sarvat khalchya 100 futanmadhye aavarnamage kharab cement asaleli kahee thikane, utpadan chhidra vibhagatil kshetrandarmyan, jee adhik changle kshetra vilgikaran sadhya karnyasathi durust karnyat aalee hotee, tee darshavili gelee. durusti naan kelyas, utpadanat tadjod jhaali asatee, parantu vihirichi akhandata nahee.
1 april 2011chya 2.3 mea. chya coseismic slipmule preej holl 1 vihirichya "jalashay utpadak kshetrachya khalchya bhagat" aavaran vikrutee jhaali. prushthbhagavaril vayoo mojmap aanee kundalakar daab mapnadware pushti jhalelya 'aavaran aanee cementchya varchya purnatetil akhandatemule' 'akhandatela dhoka manale jaat navhate.
galatichi chinta.
6 takke vihiri lagech galatat, 50 takke vihiri kahee kalanantar galatat aanee serve vihiri akheris galoon padatil' asey samanyatah manale jaate. shale vayoo shodh aanee utpadanasathi haah vishisht muddah nahee, tarr khodkam kelelya pratyek vihirisandarbhat haah chintecha vishay aahe. teel aanee vayoo companyanna yaa samasyeche nirakaran karananya dastaivajatun heey udbhavate. heey anekada 'ess. see. pii.' kinwa satat aavaran daab yanchyashi sambandhit asate, hii eka 'well barrier' samasya aahe, parantu aavaran 'akhandata' (bahya) galatee dekhil samavisht asoo shakate. galatichi konatihi samasya drill kelelya vihirishi sambandhit aahe qaa heey nirdharit karnyasathi niyaman baseline moneteringchi magani karate.
vihiritoon galatee jhalyas, workover operation sahasa galatiche nirakaran karoo shakatat, udaharanarth, kharab cement kshetrachya varr aanee khalee aavaran chhidra karoon aanee paipchya mage cement 'daboon'. cement khodoon kadhale jaate aanee daab ekatmata changli hoiparyant daab chachani kelee jaate.
2013 madhye, dii. see. see. kadoon, karyarat aanee sodoon dilelya vihirinmadhun aanee sumare 2000 kinanyavaril vihirinmadhun aanee sumare 6500 kinanyavaril vihirinmadhun samudrakinanyavaril vihirinchya galatisambandhichi mahitee jaaree karnyat aalee, 2008 aanee 2013 darmyan nondavalelya galatichi sankhya shoonya hotee.
march 2014 madhye, refine eka ahwal prakashit keela jyamadhye vihirinchya galatichya chintanchi chaukashi kelee gelee, jyat brittonchya vihirinche utpadan, nilambit, junya, parityakt aanee 'anath vihirincha samavesh hota. tyat jagbharatil mothya sankhyene mahitee sanch samavisht hote, jyat kahee khoop junya vihirinchya mahiticha samavesh hota. vihireet adthala', jithe antargat galatee aadhalate, jee vatavaranat galat nahee aanee 'vihireet akhandata', jithe bahya galatee/vayuvijan hii samasya aahe, asha samasya aahet. pradan keleli mahitee anekada done mahitee sanch ekatra thevate. refine abstractmadhye, "jyaa vihirinmadhye kahee prakarcha adthala kinwa akhandata apayashi tharali aahe tyanchi takkewari atyant badalanari aahe (1.9% teey 75%)".refine ahwal asehi soochit karato qee mothya pramanat jaminivaril vihirinvar konatihi arthpurn mahitee nahee aanee keval 143 utpadak vihirinchi tapasani karnyat aalee aahe. udyog vyapar aanee samarthan gut ukog yane shuddhikaran ahavalache swagat kele, asey namood kele qee brittenmadhil vihirinchya galatee hii thodi samasya hotee aanee anath vihirinchya chhotya sankhyechi tulana andaje 250,000 sodoon dilelya khaninshi kelee.
sarvat alikadil parinam pahata, "2008 aanee 2011 darmyan dekhrekh kelelya 3533 pensylvanian vihirinchya vegalya abhyasat, cement kinwa aavaran apayashachi 85 udaharane, 4 fatake aanee vayoo vahatyachi 2 udaharane hotee". november 2013 chya eka peparmadhye mhatale aahe qee, "serve adthale ayashasvi hotat aanee galatee shakya asate tevha ekatmata apayashi tharate. kharey ekatmata-apayash darr heey ekeri adthala-apayash darapeksha qamee parimanache done teey teen kram aahet.". 2012 madheel aanakhi eka pepper asey soochit karato qee pensylvaniatil alikadil kriyakalapanmadhil paryavaran sanhitechya ullanghananpaiki bahutansh vihirinchya galatishi sambandhit naheet.
2009 salchya watson aanee bachoo yanchya eka sanshodhan patrat asey soochit kele aaheh "qamee cementche sheersh kinwa ughade aavaran heey satat aavaran vent flow (ess. see. vhee. eff.) kinwa gass sthalantar (jee. emm.) ess. see. vhee. eff./jee. emm. sathee sarvat mahatvache soochak asalyache aadhalun aale. cementchya varchya bhagachya tulanet ess. see. vhee. eff./jee. emm. chya sthananusar qamee kinwa kharab cementchya parinamache moolyankan kele gele. ess. see. vhee. eff./jee. emm. chaa bahusankhya bhag cementdware vegale naan kelelya rachnanmadhun udbhavato."etch. ess. eae. chey sadhyache niyam yaa chinta qamee karnyasathi aanee vihiri parat prushthbhagavar seal karnyasathi tayar kele aahet.
galatiche sambhavya marg asalelya kahee vihirinche navintam margdarshak tattvanpurvi khodkam karnyat aalyabaddal chinta vyakt kelee gelee aahe. prushth 3 varr antargat memo darshavito qee prushthbhagavaril jalbhrutaparyant 1200 footanparyant cement nahee aanee tyamule galaticha sambhavya marg aahe. jarr ganj kinwa itar karananmule aavaran galat asel tarr khol kharat rachnanmadhun jalbhrutit galatee honyacha marg asel. yavyatirikt, jalbhrut keval (cement nasalelya) aavaranachya eka tharane sanrakshit aahe.
yuu. ess. bhujal sanrakshn parishadechi mahitee darshavate qee pratyek 3500 vihirinmadhye sumare 1 kinwa 0.03% haah apayashacha darr aahe.
kiranotsargi strotancha vapar.
vihirinmadhye kiranotsargi strotanchya vaparabaddal frackingvirodhi karyakartyankadun chinta vyakt kelee jaat aahe. kiranotsargacha doses aanee kiranotsargi pradushan yateel farak farsa samajala gelela disat nahee. kiranotsargi strotancha samavesh asalele vihirinche sanch hii kayadeshir aavashyakta aahe.
rajkiy prashna.
shale vayoo vikasane brittonchya rajkiy pakshansathi vividh aavhane aanali aahet. visheshtah puranmatvadi pakshachya babatit, jethe netrutvachya aakanksha-jeey shale vayukade aarthik laabh, urja swatantrya aanee carbon utsarjan qamee karnyachya sadhananchya drushtine pahatat-aanee tyanchya anek samarthakanchya pradhanyanmadhil tanav aahe, jeey yaa prakriyes pratikool aahet, visheshtah jeey shale vayusathi shodhale jaanyachi shakyata asalelya bhagat rahatat.
2013 madhye, shale vayoo vikasala jordar pathimba denanya puranmatvadi sarkarbarobarchya yutee sarkarmadhye, udarmatvadi lokshahivadyanni, hawaman badalavar anek sthitee kagadpatre jaaree karoon, "shale vayoo kranti" chya sambhavyatecha vichar qamee karanyachi bhoomika ghenyas suruvat kelee, jyamule shale vayuchi bhoomika qamee jhaali.
2012 paryant, kamgar paksh adhik sanyami rahila aahe, parantu emm. pii. ess. neey asey soochit kele aahe qee paryavaraniy suraksha aanee yogya niyamak vyavastha astitvat asalyas teey shale gass vikasasathi swikararh aahet.
yaulat, ukeep shale vayoo vikasabaddal utsahi aahe, hii bhoomika anshatah pavanchakkichya shetanprati asalelya shatrutvamule ghetali gelee aahe. yooke green partyche urja dhoran aine264 asey sangate keeh "aamhi kolasa-bedd mithen, shale gass aanee tatsam hydrocarbon shoshanacha vikas thambavu kaaran teey yookechya urjechya maganya purn karnyasathi aavashyak nahee, paryavaranasathi vinashkari aahe aanee tyamule ghg utsarjan vadhel".
2013 paryant, jivashma indhan shale vayoo udhyogachya vikasamage sarkar thampane hote aanee shale vayoo companyanna aparamparik urja strotababat anukool curr vyavhar denyacha prastav dett hote. tasech tyanni asehi mhatale qee teey nehamichya 50 takkyanaivaji sthanik parishadanna vyavasay karatoon milanari 100% rakkam parat kartil, jee kahee madhyamanmadhye vadgrast manali jaate.
shale gasschya vikasatoon milanara vyavasay curr sthanik parishadankade valavanyachya sarkarchya prastavabaddal green partychya netya nataly bennet mhanalya, "asey disate qee sarkar sthanik parishadanna laach dett aahe aanee fracking sthanik patalivar swikaranyasathi kitee hatash aahe heey yatoon disun yete."
meey 2014 madhye, aarthik vyavhar samitikadun haus auph lordsney 'shale gass aanee telachya brittonchya urja dhoranavar aarthik parinam' haah ahwal prakashit keela. vividh strotankadun vividh vishayanvaril purave ghetale. shale vayoo shodh aanee vikas tatadine viola havah aanee niyamak vyavastha guntaguntichi aanee vikasat adthala aananari hotee assa nishkarsh tyat kadhala aahe.
meey 2014 madhye, lokanchya gharankhali khodkam karanyachi shakyata sallamasalatisathi thevanyat aalee aanee aktoobar 2014 madheel parinami aalelya ahavalat asey soochit kele gele qee 40,000 pratisadanpaiki 99 takke pratisad yala virodh karat hote. februwari 2015 madhye kayada jhalelya payabhoot suvidha vidheyakat, yala parvanagi dilee jaanar hotee asha durusticha samavesh hota. 
rashtriy shetkari sanghatnene heey nivedan jaaree kele jyat malmattechya kimmati, dirghakalin paryavaraniy samasya aanee itar udhyoganchya anushangane praveshasathichya deykambabat chinta darshavili gelee.
2014 madhye, rasayanik company ii. aine. eae. oo. neey sthanik lock, shetkari aanee jaminmalkansathi utpannachya 6 takke rakkam denyacha prastav mandala. aay. aine. eae. oo. ess. chey adhyaksh jiim ratcliffe mhanale qee, "brittonchya shale gasschya vikasachya varr rahana lokanna mahasulachya 6 takke dene mhanje pratyekjan bakshise nyayya pramanat vatoon gheil."pruthvichya mitranni sangitale qee haah" "samudayanna laach denyacha pardarshak prayatna hota"."
februwari 2022 madhye teel aanee vayoo pradhikaranane (oga) brittonchya shale vihirinna 'plug aanee sodoon denyache' aadesh dile.
hitsambandhanche sangharsh.
dhorankarte aanee shale gass vikasasathichya aarthik sambandhanmadhil hitsambandhanchya sangharshababat anek chinta upasthit kelya gelya aahet, visheshatah
moretoria.
julai 2014 madhye, scottish sarkarne aparamparik teel aanee vayuvar eka tadnya vaidnyanik samitee ahwal jaaree keela jyane yaa tantradnyanachya tantrik aanee paryavaraniy aavhanancha tapas keela. janewari 2015 madhye payabhoot suvidha vidheykachya tisya vachananantar, skotlandne aanakhi eka paryavaraniy aadhava pralambit thevun sthagiti lagoo kelee. yamule mool ahwal lekhakankadun nakaratmak tippani aalee.
velsh sarkarne mhatale qee drilling companyanche arj februwari 2015 pasoon mantryankade pathvane aavashyak aahe. "aparamparik tantrancha (hydraulic fracturings) vapar karananya aparamparik teel aanee vayucha shodh, moolyankan kinwa nishkarshanasathiche niyojan arj velsh mantryankade pathvane aavashyak aahe, jethe sthanik niyojan adhikari tyanna manyata denyababat vichar karatat"
janmat.
moolatah dii. eae. see. (aatacha beis) neey suru kelele traimasik "wave" matdan, 8 vya latepasoon (december 2013) shale vayuvareel tyachya urja aanee hawaman badalachya sarvajanik drushtikonacha magova ghenanya sarvajanik matavar dekhrekh thevat aahe. aathvya latet 27 takke lokanni 'brittonchi ushnata aanee veej nirman karnyasathi shale vayoo kadhanyas' pathimba darshavila, tarr 21 takke lokanni virodh keela. 20 vya lateparyant (december 2016), tee sthitee 18 takke shale vayoo nishkarshanala pathimba dett aanee 31 takke lokanni virodh keela aahe.
brittenmadhil shale vayoo nishkarshanavishayichya sarvajanik drushtikonache sarvekshan' march 2012 pasoon suru aahe. yaa sarvekshananchya maliketoon asey disun yete qee shale vayoo nishkarshan aanee vaparasathi (praveshdwar prashnat shale vayoo yogyaritya olakhananyankadun) janatecha pathimba julai 2013 madheel 58.3% chya shikharavarun aktoobar 2016 madheel baravya matdanat fakt 37.3% varr aala aahe. tyach kalavadhit virodh 18.8% varoon 41.1% paryant vadhala asalyache darshavile jaate. aktoobar 2016 chey sarvekshan heey tyachya lekhakanchya matey eka mailacha dagad hote kaaran prathamach bahusankhya pratisadkartyanni brittenmadhil tyachya vikasala virodh keela hota. shivay, sampoorn sarvekshanat shale vayucha nakaratmak paryavaraniy parinamanshi sambandh jodana pratisadkartyanmadhye vaadh jhaali hotee. shale vayuchya paryavaraniy parinamambaddalachya chintanmule janmat chachaniche lekhak mhanatat qee tyanni brittonchya janatela arthvyavasthela aanee brittonchya urja surakshesathichya tyachya fayadhyambaddal qamee khatri patali aahe.
yuu. jee. oo. vhee. neey 'friends auph daad arth' sathee august 2016 madhye kelelya sarvekshanat asey aadhalun aale qee, vaiyaktik gharanna 10,000 paundanparyantche paise midale tarr 33 takke lock tyanchya sthanik bhagat frackingla pathimba deteel. sanshodhananusar, 43 takke lokanni sangitale qee teey paise deunahi frackingla virodh kartil aanee 25 takke lokanni sangitale qee tyanna mahit nahee.
julai 2016 madhye, remsolsathichya commeracene kelelya matdanat shale vayusathi 26 takke pathimba darshavila, tarr 46 takke virodh darshavila, saur, kinarpattivaril pawan, anoo, jaivbhar aanee veej sathavanukichya tulanet shale vayoo haah sarvat qamee lokpriy urja srot aahe.
2016 chya yuu. jee. oo. vhee. aanee commers yaa donhi matdanachya nikalat asey disun aale qee brittenmadhil purush frackingbabat samaan pramanat vibhajit hote, tarr mahila yachya virodhat hotya;
day. see. see./beis lahari matdanat asey disun aale aahe qee, frackingsathichya samarthanapeksha nutanikaranaksham urjesathicha pathimba satatyane majboot rahila aahe, tarr 1 aanee 19 latanchya darmyan kinanyavaril vavyala asalela pathimba 66 takkyanvarun 71 takkyanparyant vadhala aahe.
janewari 2014 chya "snrakshak" sarvekshanat asey aadhalun aale qee bahusankhya lock shale vayoo nishkarshanala pathimba detat, parantu purvichya tulanet kahee pramanat qamee pramanat. shale vayoo kadhanyachi parvanagi dilee pahije qaa?' yaa prashnavar"53 takke lokanni hokar deela (julai 2012 madheel 58 takkyanvarun khalee) aanee 27 takke lokanni nahee asey uttar dile (julai 2012 madheel 19 takkyanvarun varr).
august 2013 madhye 'opinium/observer' neey kelelya sarvekshanat asey disun aale qee brittenmadhil purush tyanchya bhagat honanya frackingbaddal samaan pramanat vibhajit hote, tarr mahila yachya virodhat hotya; sampoorn loksankhyene pavanchakkisarkhya nutanikaranaksham urjes pradhanya dile.
august 2013 madhye aay. see. emm. neey kelelya sarvekshanat asey aadhalun aale qee brittenmadhil janmat sarvasadharanpane hydraulic fracturing bajoone hote, 44 takke lokanni 30 takke lokanni virodh keela. matra, jevha tyanna tyanchya swatachya bhagat hydraulic fracturingla pasanti aahe qaa asey vicharale gele, tevha janatemadhye 40 takke lokanni bajoone tarr 40 takke lokanni virodhat samaan matanche vibhajan kele. purush, vruddha lock aanee puranmatvadyanmadhye frackingsathicha pathimba adhik majboot hota.