
katadichi takad (maatee)

katarane samarthya hii matichya yantrashastrat maatee tikavoon thevu shakananya katarane tanachya pramanache varnan karnyasathi vaparali jaanari sandnya aahe. maticha katarane pratikar haah kananchya gharshan aanee paraspar bandhanacha parinam aahe aanee bahudha kananchya samparkanche cementation kinwa bandh. interlockingmule, kann samagri aakarmanat vadhu shakate kinwa sankuchit houu shakate kaaran tee katarane tananchya adheen asate. jarr matiche praman vadhale tarr kananchi ghanata qamee hoil aanee takad qamee hoil; yaa prakaranat, shikhar shaktinantar katarane taana qamee hoil. jevha padarth vadhane kinwa sankuchit hone thambavate aanee jevha aantarkan bandh tutatat tevha tanav-taana sambandhanchi patali qamee hote. jyaa saiddhantik sthiteet katarane taana aanee ghanata sthir rahate aanee katarane taana vadhato tyala gambhir sthitee, sthir sthitee kinwa avashisht shakti mhatale jaau shakate.
aakarmanatil badal aanee aantarkan gharshan heey kananchi ghanata, entergranular sampark shakti aanee kahee pramanat qamee pramanat, katarane darr aanee katarane taana disha yasarkhya itar ghatkanvar avalambun asate. prati ekak kshetrachya sarasari samanya entergranular sampark shaktila prabhavi taana mhanatat.
jarr paanee matimadhye kinwa baher jaau dile jaat nasel, tarr tanavachya margala 'undrend strace paath' mhanatat. undrend shear darmyan, jarr kann panyasarkhya jawaljawal asampidit dravane vedhalele asateel, tarr kananchi ghanata nichara kelyashivay badaloo shakat nahee, parantu panyacha daab aanee prabhavi taana badalel. dusarikade, jarr dravpadarthanna chhidranmadhun muktapane baher padoo dile tarr chhidrancha daab sthir raheel aanee chachani margala "nichara taana marg" mhanatat. maatee nichara jhalyas katarnadarmyan maatee pasaru kinwa sankuchit houu shakate. pratyakshat, purnapane apoorn aanee nichara jhalelya aadarsh paristhitichya darmyan kuthetari maatee anshatah nichara hote.
matichi katarane shakti prabhavi taana, nichara sthitee, kananchi ghanata, taana darr aanee tanachya dishene avalambun asate.
undrend, constant volume katrikaranasathi, katrichya samarthyacha andaj lavnyasathi tresca siddhant vaparla jaau shakato, parantu nichara jhalelya paristhitinsathi, mohar-cullomb siddhant vaparla jaau shakato.
matichya katarache done mahattvache siddhant mhanje critical steet siddhant aanee steady steet siddhant. gambhir sthitichi sthitee aanee sthir sthitee aanee yapaiki pratyek sthitishi sambandhit parinami siddhant yaat mukhya farak aahet.
matichya katarane shaktivar niyantran thevanare ghatak.
maticha taana-taana sambandh aanee tyamule katarane samarthya yavar khaleel goshtincha parinam hotoh
nirbal shakti.
hii sandnya matichya yantrashastratil kataran shaktichya eka prakarache varnan nichara kelelya samarthyapeksha vegale karate.
sankalpanatmakdrushtya, matichi 'avikasit shakti' ashee konatihi gosht nahee. heey anek ghatkanvar avalambun asate, tyapaiki mukhya ghatak pudhilpramane aaheth
moharchya vartulavar aadharit, tresca siddhantadvare samanyatah undrend strenthchi vyakhya ashee kelee jaateh
"σ1-σ3 = 2 suu"
kutheh
"σ1" haah pramukh taana aahe.
"σ3" haah kirkol mukhya taana aahe.
sootra _ 1 heey katarane samarthya aahe "(σ1-σ3)/2"
mhanoon, sootra _ 1 = "suu" (kinwa kadhikadhi "kyu"), undrend strenth.
heey samanyatah maryada samtol vishleshanat sweekarle jaate, jethe matiche katarane karnyachya krutimule nirman honanya chhidranmadhil panyacha daab jyaa darane nasht hoto tyapeksha bharit honyacha darr khoop jaast asato. yache eka udaharan mhanje bhookampadarmyan valuche jalad bharan, kinwa musaldhar pavasat maticha utaar ayashasvi hone aanee bandhkamadarmyan honanya bahutek apayashanna lagoo hote.
undrend sthiticha parinam mhanoon, konatehi lavchik volumetric taana udbhavat naheet aanee asha prakare sampoorn katarane darmyan poisonche praman 0.5 raheel asey manale jaate. tresca matiche model asehi gruheet dharate qee plasticche volumetric taana udbhavat naheet. maryadit ghatak vishleshanasarkhya adhik pragat vishleshananmadhye heey mahattvache aahe. yaa pragat vishleshan paddhatinmadhye, jarr poisonche praman 0.05 varr rakhale gele tarr mohar-kulamb aanee sudharit cam-clay modelsarkhya gambhir sthitichya matichya models, treskavyatirikt itar matichya modelcha vapar undrend sthitiche model banavanyasathi keela jaau shakato.
sarav karananya abhiyantyandvare mothya pramanat vaparale jaanare eka sambandh mhanje anubhavjanya nirikshan qee undrend sheear strenth see aanee mool consolidation strace pii 'chey gunottar dilelya over consolidation reshosathi (ocr) andaje sthir aahe. heey naate pratham aupcharik kele gele aanee jyanni heey dakhavanyasathi tyacha vistar keela qee mool ektrikaran tanavachya sandarbhat punha tayar kelelya matichi taana-taana vaishishtye dekhil samanya kelee jaau shakatat. sthir see/pii sambandh heey gambhir-sthitee aanee sthir-sthitee maatee yantriki yaa donhisathichya siddhantavarun dekhil ghetale jaau shakate. taana-taana vakrancha haah moolbhut, samanyikaran gunadharm anek matimadhye aadhalato aanee anubhavjanya shancep (taana itihas aanee samanyikrut maatee abhiyantriki gunadharm) paddhatimadhye parishkrut keela gela..
katadichi shakti qamee hote.
jevha matiche katarane kartana nirman honara chhidra drav daab, katarane kartana nasht honyas saksham asato tevha nichara keleli katarane shakti hii matichi katarane shakti asate. jethe matimadhye chhidranche paanee nasate (maatee koradi asate) aanee tyamule chhidra drav daab nagany asato tithe dekhil heey lagoo hote. samanyatah mohar-kulamb samikaran vaparoon yacha andaj lavala jaato. (1942 madhye carl wonn terzaghi yanni yala 'cullomb samikaran' mhatale hote.) prabhavi tanavachya tattvasah teey ekatra kele.
prabhavi tananchya babatit, katarane shakti bahudha andaje khalilpramane asateh
sootra _ 1 = "σ 'tanne (φ') + c" '
jethe "σ '= (σ-u)", yachee vyakhya prabhavi taana mhanoon kelee jaate. "σ" haah katarane pratalavar samanyapane lagoo honara ekoon taana aahe aanee "u" haah tyach pratalavar karya karnara chhidrayukt panyacha daab aahe.
"φ" = prabhavi taana gharshan coone, kinwa kulamb gharshananantar 'antargat gharshan coone'. gharshan sootra 4 chaa gunank tanne (φ ') chya barobaricha aahe. gharshan konachi vividh moolye paribhashit kelee jaau shakatat, jyat shikhar gharshan coone, φ 'p, gambhir sthitee gharshan coone, φ' cv kinwa avashisht gharshan coone, φ 'r samavisht aahe.
c '= laa ekatmata mhanatat, tathapi, jaree deta pratyakshat vakravar padala asala taree (τ, σ') chya mojalelya mulyandware saral reshela basnyas bhag padanyacha parinam mhanoon too udbhavato. katarane taana akshavaril saral reshechya vyatyayala ekatmata mhanatat. heey sarvashrut aahe qee parinami honara adthala haah vichar kelelya tananchya shrenivar avalambun asatoh too maticha moolbhut gunadharm nahee. apayashi lifafachi vakrata (nonalinearity) udbhavate kaaran jawalun bharalelya matichya kananchi vistarakta maryadit dabavar avalambun asate.
gambhir sthitee siddhant.
katarane suru asalelya matichya vartanachya adhik pragat samajutimule maatee yantrikichya gambhir sthitee siddhantacha vikas jhaala. gambhir sthitee maatee yantrikimadhye, eka vishisht katarane shakti olakhali jaate jithe katarane hott asaleli maatee sthir pramanat asey karate, jyala 'gambhir sthitee' dekhil mhanatat. asha prakare katarane hott asalelya matisathi samanyatah olakhalya jaanarya katarane shakti teen aaheth
katarane shaktichya antargat yenanya matichya kananchya prarambhik sthitinusar, nirnayak sthitichya aadhi kinwa velee sarvoch shakti udbhavu shakateh
sthir aakarman (kinwa gambhir sthitee) kataran shakti matisathi bahya asalyache mhatale jaate aanee matichya danyanchya prarambhik ghanatepasun kinwa packing vyavasthepasun swatantra asate. yaa sthiteet vegale kele jaanare dhanya ekmekanvar 'kosalate' asey mhatale jaate, jyamadhye konatehi lakshaniy danedar aantarband kinwa sarkananya pratalachya vikasamule kataranas virodh hott nahee. yaa tappyavar, varshane midalele kapad kinwa matichya danyanche bandhan matichya samarthyavar parinam karat nahee.
kahee matinmadhye avashisht shakti udbhavate, jethe maatee tayar karananya kanancha aakar katarane (slickenside tayar karane) darmyan sanrekhit hoto, parinami satat katarane (aanakhi taana mauu hone) karnyasathi pratikar qamee hoto. heey visheshtah bahutek matisathi kharey aahe jyat platesarkhi khanije asatat, parantu adhik lamb aakarachya danyansah kahee danadar mateet dekhil disun yete. jyaa matimadhye platesarkhi khanije nasatat (jase qee allophenic maatee) tyaa matimadhye avashisht shakti disun yet nahee.
vyavharat vaparah jarr ekhadyane gambhir sthitee siddhant swikarayacha asel aanee c '= 0 ghyayacha asel tarr sootra _ 1p vaparale jaau shakate, jarr apekshit prabhedanchi patali vicharat ghetali gelee asel aanee sambhavya futanyache kinwa gambhir sthitichya samarthyat taana saumya honyache parinam vicharat ghetale jaatil. mothya taana vikrutisathi, φ 'r saha chikat prushthbhag tayar karnyachya kshamatecha vichar keela pahije (jase qee payal driving).
gambhir sthitee ardh-sthir taana darane udbhavate. heey vegvegalya taana daranchya aadhare katarane shaktimadhye farak karnyas anumati dett nahee. gambhir sthiteet dekhil, kann sanrekhan kinwa vishisht matichi rachana nasate.
tee pahilyanda sadar kelyachya jawaljawal lagechach, gambhir sthitee sankalpanevar khoop teeka jhaali-pramukhyane vividh prakarchya matichya chachanitun sahaj upalabdh asalelya chachanichya aakadevarishi julavanyachi tyachi asamarthata. heey pramukhyane kann sanrachanecha hishob karnyachya siddhantanchya asamarthatemule aahe. yacha eka motha parinam mhanje samanyatah sankshepanshil matimadhye aadhalanaya, jyat anisotropic danyache aakar/gunadharm asatat, taana-mauu honyachya shikharanantarchya pratikruti tayar karnyat tyachi asamarthata. pudhe, model ganitiyadrushtya shodhanyayogya banavanyasathi samanyatah eka dharana kelee jaate qee katarane tanamule volumetric taana houu shakat nahee kinwa aavartak tanamule katarane taana houu shakat nahee. pratyakshat asey naslyamule, prayogmoolak chachanichya mahitichya sahaj upalabdhatechya kharab julaniche heey eka atirikt kaaran aahe. yavyatirikt, critical steet elasto-plastic models asey gruheet dharatat qee elastic strain volumetric badalanna chalana detat. vastavik matimadhye dekhil asey naslyamule, yaa gruhitkanacha parinam aakarman aanee chhidra daab badal detashi qamee julato.
sthir sthitee (gatishil pranali aadharit matichi katadi).
sthir sthitee sankalpana hii gambhir sthitee sankalpanechi eka sudharana aahe.
sthir sthitichi takad hii matichi kataran shakti mhanoon paribhashit kelee jaate jevha tee sthir sthiteet asate. sthir sthitichi vyakhya ashee kelee jaate qee "tee sthitee jyamadhye vastuman sthir aakarman, sthir samanya prabhavi taana, sthir katarane taana aanee sthir vegat satat vikrut hott aahe."steve jeey. tevha harvard vidyapithachya maatee yantriki vibhagache sahyogi pradhyapak asalelya paulosne arther casagrande tyachya karkirdichya akheris tayar karat hota asey eka gruhitak tayar kele. sthir sthitee aadharit maatee yantrikila kadhikadhi "harvard maatee yantriki" mhanatat. sthir sthitichi sthitee hii 'gambhir sthitee' sarkhi nasate.
jarr konatehi kann purn jhaale asateel aanee serve kann sankhyikiyadrushtya sthir sthiteet sthit asateel aanee tyamule vikrutichya sthir vegane vikrutee suru thevanyasathi aavashyak asalela katarane taana badalat nahee, tarach serve kananchya vighatanenantar sthir sthitee udbhavate. heey nichara jhalelya aanee naan jhalelya asha donhi prakarananna lagoo hote.
sthir sthitiche moolya teey mojale jaate tyaa taana daranusar kinchit vegale asate. asha prakare ardh-sthir taana daravaril sthir sthitee katarane samarthya (jyaa taana daravar gambhir sthitee udbhavate asey paribhashit kele jaate) gambhir sthitee katarane samarthyashi sambandhit asalyache disate. matra, donhi rajyanmadhye aanakhi eka farak aahe. heey asey aahe qee sthir sthiteet dhanye swatahla sthir sthiteet sthit karatat, tarr gambhir sthiteet ashee konatihi rachana hott nahee. lamb kann asalelya matisathi mothya tananmadhye katarane jhalyas, hii sthir sthitee rachana ashee aahe jithe daane katadichya dishene (kadachit sanrekhit dekhil) asatat. jethe kann katadichya dishene jordarpane sanrekhit kele jaatat, tethe sthir sthitee "avashisht sthitee" shhee sambandhit asate."
sthir sthitibabat teen samanya gairsamaj asey aahet qee aaa) tee gambhir sthitisarkhich aahe (tee nahee), buub) tee keval anavashyak sthitila lagoo hote (tee serve prakarchya nichara vyavasthela lagoo hote) aanee qa) tee valoola lagoo hott nahee (tee konatyahi dandar samagreela lagoo hote). paulosachya ahavalat sthir sthitee siddhantavaril prathamik shodh aadhalu shakato. bhookamp abhiyantrikimadhye tyacha vapar paulosachya dusarya prakashanat tapshilvar varnan keela aahe.
sthir sthitee aanee gambhir sthitimadhil farak haah kahivela vichar keela jaato tassa keval shabdarth nahee aanee done sandnya/sankalpana paraspar badaloon vaparane chukiche aahe. gambhir sthitichya varr aanee varr sthir sthitichya kathor vyakhyechya atirikt aavashyakta mhanje. sthir vikrutee veg aanee sankhyikiyadrushtya sthir rachana (sthir sthitee rachana), sthir sthitee sthitila gatishil pranali siddhantachya chaukatit thevate. sthir sthitichi hii kathor vyakhya matichya katarache gatishil pranali mhanoon varnan karnyasathi vaparali gelee. gatishil pranali sarvavyapi swarupachya aahet (jupitarvaril mahan laal thipke heey eka udaharan aahe) aanee ganitshastradnyanni asha pranalincha mothya pramanat abhyas keela aahe. matichya katarane gatishil pranalicha moolbhut aadhar mhanje sadhe gharshan.