
kamal unchichi sankhya

kamal unchichi aakruti (emm. eae. eff.) hii drushya uddan niyam (vhee. eff. aar.) mahiticha eka prakar aahe jee bhaugolik chatushkoniy kshetramadhye sarvoch bhaugolik vaishishtyachi unchi darshavate. jyaa vaimanikanna jawalchya sarvat unch parvat shikhare aanee unch manonyambaddal mahitee havee aahe, tyanna heey swarasyapoorn aahe, jenekarun teey bhupradeshat niyantrit uddan talhanyasathi tyanchya varr udoo shaktil. ("vaishishtyanmadhye" bhupradesh, zaade, manore aanee itar adthale samavisht aahet.) 
upkaran uddan niyamannusar uddanasathi vaparlya jaanarya kiman surakshit unchipramanech (emm. ess. aii.), emm. eae. eff. madhye bhupradeshachya "varr" vimanachya manjurisathi aanee unchichya trutisathi eka antar samavisht aahe.
vhee. eff. aar. uddanat, emm. eae. eff. laa samanyatah 'chaturthansh unchi' mhanoon sambodhale jaate (aay. eff. aar. kiman kshetra unchishi gondhal ghaloo naye).
united states.
americet, federal aviation prashasana vibhagiy takte jaaree karate. eka ansh akshansh aanee eka ansh rekhansh vyapanare pratyek aayatakruti kshetra chaar lahan kshetranmadhye vibhagale jaate, jyanna 'chaturbhuj' mhanatat (jaagtik bhaugolik sandarbh pranali kinwa georephanusar), pratyek ardha ansh akshansh aanee ardha ansh rekhansh vyapate. pratyek chatushkonat samudraspatipasun hajaro aanee shekado phoot unchivar tyache aakarman chhapalele asate. udaharanarth, 105 mhanje tyaa chatushkonimadhye 10,500 phoot hii sarvoch unchi aahe.
khalilpaiki sarvadhik gheuun emm. eae. eff. nirdharit kele jaatatah 
1) chatushkonatil sarvoch "bhupradesh" chaa bindu, jyaa adthalyanna chitrit karanyachi aavashyakta nahee tyanchyasathi 200 phoot jodane aanee nantar ubhya trutisathi 100 phoot jodane aanee nantar pudhil shambhar futanparyant goal karane; kinwa
2) chatushkonatil sarvoch 'manavnirmit adthalyachi' unchi, ubhya trutisathi 100 phoot jodane
aanee nantar pudhchya shambhar futanparyant goal qaraa.
canadian vhee. aine. see.
canadian vhee. eff. aar. navigation chartvaril emm. eae. eff. chee ganana uchch moolya gheuun kelee jaateh 
austreliya.
austreliyamadhye, visual navigation chart (vhee. aine. see.) aanee visual terminal chart (vhee. tii. see.) sahasa pratyek greedsathi thalak unchichya aakadyancha vapar karoon emm. eae. eff. mahitee darshavtat. vaimanikanni tyanchya niyojit margane qaar 167 madheel kiman uddan unchichya niyamanche ullanghan hott nahee yachee khatri karane dekhil aavashyak aahe. heey nirbandh samanyatah loksankhya kinwa bandhalelya kshetrapeksha 1000 phoot varr aanee itaratra 500 phoot aahet. 
jevha aay. eff. aar. antargat uddane kelee jaatat, jethe samanyatah ell. soltcha vapar keela jaato, tevha prakriya bhinn asatat. austreliyan aeronautical information publication kinwa aii. aay. pii. madhye spasht kelyapramane ell. ess. ell. tii. anek prakare nishchit kele jaau shakate.