
zanten

zanten (, loow renishah "santen") heey germanychya uttar rine-westfelia rajyatil eka shahar aahe. heey vessel jeelhyat sthit aahe.
zanten heey jagatil sarvat mothya puratatviy khulya sangrahalayanpaiki eka asalelya puratatva udyanasathi olakhale jaate, jeey roman vasahatinchya 'colonia ulpiya triana' chya thikani bandhale gele aahe. itar aakarshananmadhye zanten cathedrals madhyayugeen shahar kendra, anek sangrahalaye aanee vividh jaal creeda upkramansathi mothya manavnirmit talavancha samavesh aahe. zantenla varshala andaje daha laakh paryatak bhet detat.
bhoogol.
zanten heey ekmev german shahar jyache naav 'ex' neey suru hote, teey teen baroo ('aurtstyle'): 'hochbrook', 'niderbrook' aanee 'tauun center' neey banalele aahe. zanten shaharashi sambandhit itar bhaganmadhye (bezirke) 'berton', 'lutingen', 'marienbaum', 'wynen', 'obermormoter', 'ward', 'mormter', 'vilich', 'beak' aanee 'ursel' yancha samavesh aahe. bisliture insel' navachya nisarg rakheev kshetrache kahee bhag dekhil nagarpaliket aahet.
shaharachya uttarela loar rayan aanee rees shahar, purvela vessel shahar, dakshinela alpen aanee sunsbeck nagarpalika aanee paschimela yudem aanee kalkar shahare aahet.
sarvat jawalcha aantarrashtriy vimantal mhanje vizmadhil (25 qii. mea.) veez vimantal (jyala niderhein vimantal dekhil mhanatat; rynair hub); sarvat jawalcha aantarkhandiy vimantal dusseldorf vimantal (60 qii. mea.) aahe. yethe reinhausen-clave railwaver eka sthanak aahe, jeey duisbergla moarsdware jodate.
itihas.
prachinkal.
vilag jamatinchya pahilya vasahati ii. sha. puu. 2000 chya aaspaschya kalatil asoo shakatat. ii. sha. puu. 15 chya sumaras aadhunik kalatil bertenjavalachya firstenbergwar roman 'castrum' kinwa camp 'tayar karnyat aala. germaniamadhye mohimansathi eka tall mhanoon yacha hetu hota aanee ii. sha. 70 madhye batavichya bandachya darmyan tyacha naash hoiparyant too 8,000 teey 10,000 sainyane vyapala hota aanee classis germanycha mukhya tall hota.
pashuvaidhyak' nasht jhalyanantar 'castra veteta II' navache dusare shibir bisliture insel yethe sthapan karnyat aale, jeey legio vhee victricks aadhar shibir banale. 10, 000 teey 15,000 majee sainik aanee itar lock rahana jawalchya vasahatala, roman samrat marcus ulpius trianus yane ii. sha. 110 madhye vasahatiche adhikar dile, jyane shaharache naav badaloon 'colonia ulpiya triana' asey thewale. vasahati heey eka purnapane naveen shahar hote jyat shaharachya bhinti aanee rangbhumisarkhya itar imarati hotya. yaa shaharasathi junie vasahat purnapane nasht jhaali. colonia hii germania prantatil duyyam sarvat mahattvachi vyavsayik chauki bunley, jee keval 'colonia agrippinensis' (aajchi collon) neey mage takali. 122 madhye, 'veteta II' heey legio XXX ulpiya victricks shibir banale, jyane vhi victrickschi jaaga ghetali jee britaniyala gelee hotee.
275 madhye, german jamatinni vasahat jawaljawal nasht kelee. tyanantar, 310 madhye vasahatichya bhagat 'tricensime' ('teesavya' chey) navache eka naveen shahar sthapan karnyat aale, jeey purvichya vasahatichya nauu madhyavarti 'dweepkalpavar' bandhale gele hote parantu tatbandi aanee adhik sahajpane sanrakshit kele gele. 5vya shatkachya suruvatila, german jamatinche halle zapatyane vadhale, parinami 'tricensime' shevati sodoon denyat aale.
roman devanna balee denyas nakar dilyabaddal fashi denyat aalelya theban sainyat sumare 300, victor auph zantenche naav aahe. catholic tasech purvekadil rudhivadi charchdware shaheed aanee sant mhanoon poojale jaanare, zentenche victor heey zenten cathedralmadhye smaran kele jaate, jithe tyanche avashesh unch vedivar asalelya mandirat thewale jaatat.
madhyayug.
5vya shatkat phrank aajchya zantenchya bhagat sthayik houu lagale, parantu roman lokanpramane phrank dagadat bandhale naslyamule tevhapasoon konatyahi shahari vasahati sapadalya naheet. tevhapasoon keval kabare sapadali aahet.
nibelungchya aakhyayikenusar, zentencha pauranik siegfried "zena santon aine dame rine" mhanoon janmala aala hota.
8vya shatkachya uttaradhat pracheen roman vasahatichya junya smashanbhumichya maidanavar eka church bandhanyat aale hote aanee tyala 'sanctose (super renam)' ('edd sanctum' mhanoonahi ullekh keela jaato) asey mhatale jaat asey. santanche sthan' heey naav zantenchya shaheed victorchya gruheet kabarivaroon ghetale gele hote aanee aajchya 'zanten' yaa nagarpalika navacha srot aahe. dakshinekade eka math sthapan jhalyanantar, jeey aajche shahar kendra banale teey astitvat aale.
939 madhye germanychya raja oto I chya netrutvakhalil sainyane zantenjaval bertenchya ladhait franconiachya eberhardchya netrutvakhalil bandkhor franconian, saxon aanee lotheringian sainikancha parabhav keela. andernakhchya yuddhanantar tyach varshi reinlandchi oto I chya rajyasathi pushti karnyat aalee.
zanten, tyachya samruddha 'victor convent' saha, 863 madhye ajunahi nausainikanni vedha ghatala hota, tarr 1122 madhye heey thikan aadhich khalchya gendyavaril vyapari jaalyacha bhag mhanoon disate. 15 julai 1228 roji, molenarkchya heinrich kolonchya aarchbishapne zantenla shaharache adhikar dile.
madhyayugeen kalatil suruvatichya kalat zantenmadhye jyoo samuday hota. pahilya dharmayuddhadarmyan (1 aanee 27 juuna 1096) jyoo lokanchi done kattal jhaali. nantarchya prasangi kahee jyoo lokanni dharmayuddhaviranchya roshapasoon vachanyasathi aatmahatya kelya.
1263 madhye gothick sentchi payabharani. victor cathedralchi sthapana karnyat aalee. 281 varshanchya bandhkamanantar teey shevati 1544 madhye purn jhaale. 14 vya shatkachya akheris, zanten shaharala eka bhintine vedhale hote.
1392 madhye shaharacha uttarekadil bhag dukes auph cleaveschya tabyat aala, tarr dakshinekadil bhag kolonchya aarchbishprikkade rahila. zantenchi vibhagani heey cleaves aanee collon yanchyatil sangharshache kaaran hote, jeey 1444 madhye sampoorn zanten duchy auph cleavesla denyat aale tevha sampale.
aadhunik kalatil prarambhik kaal.
dukes auph cleavesney tabyat ghetalyanantar, yuddh aanee peak nikami honyachya parshvabhumivar, 16 vya shatkachya suruvatila rahivashanchi sankhya 5,000 varoon 18 vya shatkachya akheris andaje 2,500 paryant ghasarali. nadicha talaa shaharapasun door halalyashivay, tyachi aarthik paristhiti bighadat jaiparyant, zantenla vyapari shahar mhanoon milananya sthiticha aadhar gendyacha hota. nadine anek vela puurahi aanala aanee bertoncha parisar nasht keela.
tathapi, 1430 teey 1441 darmyan, baroo marienbaum heey khalchya gavatavaril tirthkshetrache mukhya thikan banale. 1460 madhye brijetainacha eka math sthapan karnyat aala, jyat 'seent' navache math church hote. maarii himmelfhert (merichi dharana) jee aajkal parrish church mhanoon kaam karate.
17vya shatkat zentenla (fatyansah) brandenbergchya margrevetla varshane midale. 12 november 1614 roji 'zantenchya tahane' pushti kelyapramane, protestantvadala roman catholic charchchya barobarine thewale gele. tyanantar 'grocer marqata' (mothe bajar) yethe eka church bandhanyat aale, jyacha 1622 madhye shikharasah vistar karnyat aala. tarihi, 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila loksankhyechya keval 5 takke lock protestant panthache hote. 21vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, loksankhyecha protestant hissa sumare 20 takkyanparyant vadhala hota.
19vya aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila.
1802 madhye, napolean bonapartne victor-conventche dharmnirpekshikaran kele aanee bund mathanchi granthalaye aanee convent granthalay villin kele. tyanantar aarthik paristhiti adhik vegane khalavali. 1821 madhye 'marster' navache shaharache praveshdwar padnyat aale aanee 1825 madhye 'sharter' aanee shaharachya bhintinche kahee bhag kadhoon taknyat aale. 1843 madhye nagarparishadene 'claver toor' aanee 'crimhieldmahle' navachya giraniche nishkasana rokhale. tyach velee, roman vasahat sodalyanantar khaan mhanoon vaparlya jaananya 'colonia ulpiya tryna' chey avashesh, puratatvashastradnyanche swarasya vadhavale.
1822 teey 1945 yaa kalat russian gendyachya prantat zantenche prashasana chalavale jaat hote. 1819 teey 1844 yaa kalat roman avasheshanvar utkhanan karnyat aale. september 1927 madhye, catholic church nagarpalikene aapala 1600 vaa vardhapandin sajra keela; 1937 madhye pope payas XI yanni seent cathedralcha adhikar deela. victorla 'basilica minor' mhatale jaeel.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat, kathit vidhibaddha hatyeche eka uchch-profile prakaran hote, jyala rakt badnami asehi mhanatat. 29 juuna 1891 roji, sthanik cabinet nirmatyacha paach varshancha mulga johann hejeman haah shejanyachya kothadit mrutavasthet aadhalala, jyacha galaa kanapasoon kanaparyant kapla gela hota. yahudivirodhi aandolanane jyoo kasai aanee majee shohet edolph bushoff yanna yaa gunhyashi jodale aanee sthanik pujari, father bracer yanni 'bote phara stad end land' yaa vruttapatrat vidhee hatyevareel lekh prakashit karoon yaa afavanna pathimba deela, jyache tyanni sampadan kele. yahudivirodhi prasarmadhyamanmadhil tasech yahudivirodhi baithakanmadhye jhalelya aandolanamule, jithe jyoo lokanni satyacha shodh rokhanyasathi adhikanyanna laach dilee kinwa dhamkavale asey soochit kele gele, tyamule sarkarla bushoff aanee tyachya kutumbala (14 aktoobar 1891) atak karnyas bhag padale. nehmi changli pratishtha asalelya tyaa vyaktiviruddhache purave itake kamkuvat hote qee tyala (20 december) nirdosh mukt karnyat aale. yaa krutimule yahudivirodhi lock aanakhi tivra aandolanala pravrutt jhaale, jyachi parinati prussian aaharatil garmagaram vadavivadat jhaali. yaa yuktivadadarmyan, majee nyayalayin padari, stoeker yane vidhibaddha hatyecha aarop punha keela aanee marekyala shodhanyat apayash yenyache kaaran jyoo prabhav asalyache (7 februwari 1892) sanket dile. yaa aandolanachya dabavakhali, bushofla punha atak karnyat aalee (8 februwari) aanee cleaves yetheel juricemore khatala chalavanyat aala (4-14 julai 1892). yaa khatalyachya sunavanidarmyan asey aadhalun aale qee aarop heey keval aikalelya kathanvar aadharit hote aanee tyat ashakya dave hote. firyadi vakilane swatah aarop fetalanyasathi dhaav ghetali aanee jurine tyanusar aapala nirnay deela. kharaa khooni kadhich sapadala nahee aanee mulacha mrutyu apghatamule jhaala asanyachi shakyata purnapane nakarli gelee nahee. yaa aandolanacha parinam shaharatil jyoo lokanchi loksankhya qamee honyavar jhaala aanee swatah bushofla tethoon nighun jaave lagale. 1905 saalee, zentenmadhye ekoon 3,770 loksankhyepaiki sumare tees jyoo hote.
nazi germany.
1933 madhye, mahapour heinrich wagner yanna karj vyavasayatil kathit gharaneshahicha aarop asalelya 'myrterm' navachya manonyat bandist karnyat aale. tyacha uttaradhikari frydrich carl sconeborne hota, tarr upmahapourpad heinrich prang junierla denyat aale hote. 1925 madhye prangne aadhich aine. ess. dii. aii. pii. chaa sthanik gut tayar keela hota. 'duesh zentramspartei' chee sthanik parishad visarjit jhaali, tevha purvichya aath nagarparishadechya sadasyanpaiki teen aine. ess. dii. aii. pii. chey gut sadasya hote. urvarit virodhi pakshanmadhye spasht rajkiy janadesh nasalelya communist aanee udarmatvadi rajkarnyancha samavesh hota.
tyanantarchya varshanmadhye zantenchya jyoo loksankhyecha chhal jhaala. yamadhye sthanik prathna kholicha naash aanee 9 november 1938 roji 'reachscristallnact' varr jyoo rahivashanchya anek gharancha vidhvans yancha samavesh hota. yaa ghatanenantar sampoorn jyoo loksankhya zantenhoon paloon gelee. meey 1940 madhye, netherlandschya aagami aakramanat bhag ghenyasathi german 256 vya payadal vibhagachi zanten yethe badali karnyat aalee. dusya mahayuddhachya kalat shaharajavalil eka chhotya jangalat 'looftwaff' chaa darugola karkhana sthapan karnyat aala, jyala 'dye hease' mhanatat. yuddhachya suruvatila zantenche nagrik tethe kaam karat asatana, yuddh jasjase pudhe jaat hote tasatase mahila aanee mule aanee visheshtah paradeshi lokanna karkhanyat kathor parishram ghenyas bhag padale jaat hote. karkhanyachya parisarat november 1942 aanee aktoobar 1944 madhye ghatana ghadalya, jyamule sathavalelya darugolyachya eka bhagacha sphot jhaala, jyamule anek kamgarancha jeev gela.
februwari 1945 madhye mitrapakshanche sainya zantenla pohochale tevha mahapour sconeborne yanni shahar sodale. tyachyabarobar jawaljawal sampoorn shahar prashasana purvekadil bhagant paloon gele. tyach mahinyat shaharatil bombsfot suru jhaale hote, jyat nagrik marle gele hote aanee zantenche kahee bhag nasht jhaale hote. yavyatirikt, cathedralla mitra rashtranchya bombanni dhadak dilee aanee mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale. 8 march roji, zanten shevati canadachya sainyane tabyat ghetale. tyanchya swatachya aakadevarinusar, yujen maindalchya netrutvakhali bachav karananya 'faulschiramjegger' (paratroops) viruddhachya ladhait canadachya sainyane 400 sainik gamavale. tyanantar jyaa shaharacha 85 takke bhag aadhich nasht jhaala hota, tyaa shaharavar british sainyacha taba hota, tarr vessel shaharajavalil gendyachya paar honyachya tayarisathi lokanna bedberg-hau yethe halavanyat aale. german sainikanni gendyachya ujavya kinanyavarun kelelya tofkhanyanchya prakshepakanni yaa velee zantencha aanakhi vidhvans keela. jevha 24 march roji gendyacha paar karane akher yashasvi jhaale, tevha zantensathi dusare mahayuddha sampale hote.
dusya mahayuddhanantar.
shahar aanee cathedralchya punarbandhanivar visheshtah puratatvashastradnya aanee smarak sanvardhanvadi walter badder yancha prabhav hota aanee too 1966 paryant tikala. purv prushiyatoon haddapar jhalelya lokanna zantenmadhye punarvasan karnyat aale aanee tyamule loksankhya jawaljawal 40 takkyanni vadhali. 1969 madhye sthanik punarrachanedarmyan, "berton", "lutingen", "marienbaum", "obermormoter", "vionen" aanee "ward" heey parisar zantenmadhye ektrit karnyat aale, jenekarun sumare 16,000 rahivasi shaharachya simemadhye rahat hote. shaharache kshetrafal 8 chauras kilometervarun 72 chauras kilometerparyant vadhale.
1975 madhye, 'roman colonia ulpiya triana' chee aanshik punarrachana asalele 'arcologitior park zanten' (zanten puratatva udyan) sthapan karnyat aale aanee teey paryatanasathi khule karnyat aale.
28 november 1988 roji, dusseldorf pradeshatil asey pahile shahar mhanoon zantenla 'statlich enercanter erholungsort' (rajya-manyataprapt furasatiche shahar) hii padvi denyat aalee. 1990 teey 2004 yaa kalat rahivashanchi sankhya 16,930 varoon sumare 22,000 paryant vadhali.
aakarshane.
roman shaharachya jagevar "arcologitior park zanten" bandhale gele aahe aanee germanytil sarvadhik bhet dilelya udyananpaiki heey eka aahe. 2012 madhye, bundestra 57 yaa bhagatoon door halavalyanantar puratatva udyanacha vistar roman vasahatichya jawaljawal sampoorn bhagat karnyat aala.
shaharachya madhyabhagi asalelya aitihasik imaratinche nutanikaran karnyat aale aahe. zantener sudsey" aanee "zantener nordsey" yethe, sthanik ward aanee vayanenjavalil eka vahineene jodalele done talav, "freezitzentrum zanten" (zanten vishranti kendra) 1982 madhye sthapan karnyat aale. aaj, heey navikansathi eka lokpriy thikan aahe.
sanskruti.
mothya karyakramanmadhye "zantener somerfestpile" (1993 teey 2012 paryant pratyek unhalyat done aathvade chalanara eka pratishthit shastriy sangeet mahotsav), varshik "clenmontmartre", jithe jagbharatil kalakar tyanchi navintam kaame tasech varshik german sandcasal-building championship darshavtat, yancha samavesh hoto.
shikshan.
itar shalanmadhye eka vyayamshala (vyakaran shaala), 'stiftsgimenasium zanten' aanee mulinsathi eka khajgi shaala, 'marinschul', zantenmadhye aahe.
julee shahare-bhagini shahare.
zanten heey khalilpramane julya rangache aaheh