rumah gadang

rumah gadang (minangkabauh "mothe ghar") kinwa rumah bagonjong "minangkabau lokansathi ghar" (minangkabauh "shikharyukt chhappar ghar") hii paschim sumatra, indoneshiya yetheel minangkabauchi paramparik ghare () aahet. vastukala, bandhkam, antargat aanee bahya sajavat aanee gharachi karye minangkabauchi sanskruti aanee moolye pratibimbit karatat. rumah gadang' heey nivassthan, kautumbik sabhansathi aanee aupcharik upkramansathi eka sabhagruh mhanoon kaam karate. matruvanshiy minangkabau samajat, 'rumah gadang' hii tethe tethe kutumbatil mahilanchi malki aahe; malki aaikadoon mulikade hastantarit kelee jaate.
gharanchya chhapparavar bahustareey, unchavaril gables natyamay vakr rachana aahe. bund khidakya bhintinmadhye koralelya asatat, jyat bharpur rangavalelya fulanchya koreev kamancha samavesh asato. rumah gadang' haah shabd sahasa mothya samudayik gharancha sandarbh deto, tathapi, lahan ekal nivassthane tyachya anek sthapatyashastriy ghatakanmadhye samayik aahet.
paschim sumatramadhye, paramparik 'rumah gadang' prantatil minangkabau lokanna pratibimbit karate aanee paschim sumatra aanee minangkabau sanskratiche prateek banale aahe. sampoorn pradeshat, anek imarati roomah gadangchya rachana ghatakanche pradarshan karatat, jyat paramparik samarambhansathi bandhalelya assal sthanik bhashetil lakud dagadi bandhkamancha samavesh aahe, sarkari karyalaye aanee sarvajanik suvidhansarkhya adhik sansarik aadhunik sanrachanesathi. aaj, "rumah gadang" sthapatyashastriy ghatak, visheshtah tyache shingasarkhe vakr chhappar, governor aanee rajpratinidhinchya karyalayin imarati, bajarpetha, hotels, padang restaurantscha darshani bhag aanee minangkabau aantarrashtriy vimantal yasarkhya aadhunik sanrachananmadhye aadhalu shakatat. tathapi, yaa paramparik shailiche heey sarvat mothe aanee sarvat bhavya udaharan aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
sumatra heey jagatil sahave sarvat mothe bett aahe aanee marco polochya kalapasoon tyala 'sonyache bett' mhanoon sambodhale jaate. chaha, mirpud aanee rubber lagwad aanee teel, tiin aanee itar khanij sansadhanansah heey indoneshiyatil sarvat sansadhan samruddha bett aahe. bhoomadhya reshevar vasalelya sumatramadhye mansoonche hawaman aahe aanee aktoobar teey meey darmyan jaast paus padat asala taree, konatahi vistarit paus nasalela korada hangam nahee. mothya pramanat jangaltod hounahi sumatramadhye ajunahi lakho ekaranvar naan vaparleli varshavne aahet jee bandhkam sahitya puravatat. matra, mothya pramanavar bandhkamasathi aavashyak asaleli mothya kadak lakadachi zaade aata katekorpane maryadit purvathyat aahet.
sumatra heey aagney ashiyai dweepsamuhatil lokanchya sarvat vaividhyapurn shreniche ghar aahe. hii vividhata anek vela natyamay paramparik gharanchya vividh prakaranmadhye pratibimbit hote. sarvat samanya gruhnirman prakar heey paramparikpane lakadi aanee sthanik patalivar gola kelelya samgripasoon tayar kelelya lakadi ubharalele, aanee khol khidakya asalelya chhapparansah aahet. minangkabau vyatirikt, lake toba pradeshatil batak pramukh koreev koreev kaam aanee natyamay mothya chhapparansah botichya aakarachi bandhani karate aanee niyasache lock unch chhappar sanrachanansah bhavya lokhandi lakadi khambanvar tatbandi asaleli ghare bandhatat.
minangkabau heey madhya sumatrachya dongral bhagatil sthanik aahet. tyanchi sanskruti matruvanshiy aahe, malmatta aanee jameen aaikadoon mulikade hastantarit kelee jaate; dharmik aanee rajkiy vyavhar heey purushanche prant aahet. minangkabau lock jordar islami aahet, parantu tyanchya swatachya vanshik paramparanche dekhil palan karatat. minangkabau islamchya aagmanapurvichya sarvadharmiy aanee hindu-bauddha shraddhanpasun tayar jhaale hote aanee kahee practices samayik muslimanmadhyehi sarvadharmiy shraddhanche avashesh astitvat aahet. tyamule, paramparikpane mahila malmattechya malak asatat; patee keval vishisht velee aanee vishesh paristhitit gharat sahan kele jaatat aanee tyanna zopanyasathi tyanchya bahininchya gharee parat jaave lagate. yaa prathes purak bananyachi pratha aahe, jyamadhye anek purush kamasathi durcha pravas karatat aanee keval tyanchya mool gavee veloveli paratatat. yaa sahalinmadhun midavalele paise samkalin bandhanisathi pathavale jaatat.
form.
samudayik heey eka lamb ghar aahe, aayatakruti aarakhada, jyat anek gables aanee unch chadhatya kadya aahet, jyaa mhashichya shingasarkhya tokanchi nirmiti karatat. tyanche samanyatah teen-stariy andaj asatat, pratyekachya majlyavaril patali vegvegalya asatat. teey rund asatat aanee lakadi lakadi basavale jaatat jeey jaminipasoon unchaparyant pohochu shakatat; kadhikadhi gharachya samoril bajus eka vharandyasah jeey swagat aanee jevanache kshetra mhanoon vaparale jaate aanee pahunyansathi zopanyachi jaaga mhanoon vaparale jaate. batak toba gharanchya ulat, jethe chhappar moolatah rahanyachi jaaga tayar karate, minangkabauche chhappar paramparik bhintinvar aahe. swayampak aanee sathavan kshetre anekada vegvegalya imaratinmadhye asatat.
ghar mothya pramanat lakadapasoon bandhale gele aahe; apavad mhanje mageel rekhansh bhint jee vibhajit bambupasoon chadhavalelya namunyat vinaleli eka sadhee jaali aahe. chhappar heey trus aanee cross-beemchya bandhkamache aahe aanee samanyatah sakharechya pamchya () tantuchya chhapparane jhakalele aahe, jeey upalabdh asalele sarvat katheen chhappar sahitya aahe aanee shambhar varshe tikate asey mhatale jaate. phoos heey gundalyanmadhye thewale jaate jeey vakr, bahu-gable chhapparavar sahaj basavale jaau shakatat. tathapi, samkalin ghare, chhapparaivaji varanvar dhepalayukt lohacha vapar karat aahet. sajavatichya dhatuchya bandhanine bandhalelya chhapparapasun chhapparanchya shevatche bhag tayar hotat aanee mhashichya shingansarkhe asalyache mhatale jaanare bindu kadhale jaatat-done panyachya mhashinmadhil ladhaishi sambandhit aakhyayikecha eka sanket jyapasoon 'minangkabau' heey naav ghetale gele aahe asey manale jaate. chhapparanchi shikhare swatach anek lahan tofkhanyanpasun aanee tarafyanpasun tayar kelee jaatat.
ghar samayik samayik mahilanchya zopanyachya jaaga, paramparikaritya sankhyechya babatit vichitra asha, alkovmadhye basavalelya asatat, jyaa magchya bhintivar ranget basavalya jaatat aanee mukhya nivassthanachya vishal aateel jaagene jhakalya jaatat. paramparikaritya, mothya samudayala vedhoon, vivahit bahini aanee palak kutumbatil mulinsathi bandhaleli lahan ghare asateel. kutumbatil pratyek vivahyogya strila tichi swatachi kholee aahe yachee khatri karane hii strichya mamanchi jababdari aahe. yasathi too ektar naveen ghar bandhel kinwa adhik samanyatah, mool gharala sanlagn karel. asey mhatale jaate qee gharatil vivahit mulinchi sankhya tyachya shingasarkhya vistaranchi ganana karoon sangitali jaau shakate; kaaran tyaa nehmi samamitiyapane jodalya jaat naheet, kahivela asantulit disu shakatat. paugandavasthetil mule paramparikpane gavat, eka chhotya mashidit rahatat.
sthapatyashastriy ghatak.
aaa chya pratyek ghatakacha swatacha pratikatmak arth aahe, jyacha sandarbh bhashan aanee sutranmadhye deela jaato. aaa chya ghatakanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
udaharanarth, gharache kahee prateek, devaparyant pohochanyashi sambandhit aahet aanee jeey paramparikpane bambuchya pattyanni banalele aahe, jeey samudayachi takad aanee upayuktateche prateek aahe, jeey vaiyaktik minangkabau ekte ubhe rahnyaivaji mothya samudayacha bhag banalyavar tayar hote. chhapparavaril shikhare mhashichya shinganche tasech purvi namood kelelya devaparyant pohochanyache pratinidhitva karatat asey mhatale jaate.
aadarsh stambh paach ranganmadhye mandanyat aale aahet jeey gharachya lambiitke asatat. yaa ranga aateel bhagala chaar lamb jaganmadhye vibhagatat, jyanna mhanatat. gharachya mageel bajuchi kholee () kholyanmadhye vibhagaleli aahe. tyanusar, aaa madhye kiman paach ruang asane aavashyak aahe aanee aadarsh sankhya nauu aahe. itarancha vapar rahniman aanee aupcharik karyakramansathi (hatti rasta) mhanoon keela jaato.
anek tandalachya kotharanmadhye () aadarshpane aaa sobat asatat, pratyekache naav aanee karya vegale asate. yaa madhye kutumbasathi, visheshtah samarambhansathi bhaat asato. tyat garib garib aanee gavatil dushkalachya velee denagi denyasathi tandul asato. tyat kutumbachya dainandin garjansathi tandul asato.
alankar.
minangkabau paramparene rumah gadangchya lakadi bhinti, khamb aanee chhatanna bases-releaf koreev lakadi rupanni sushobhit karatat jeey tyanchya pratima pratibimbit karatat aanee tyanche prateek aahet. yaa rachnet sadhya antarnihit bhaumitik sanrachanevar aadharit vipul fulanchya rachana asatat. yaa sankalpananchi rachana minangkabau vinalelya kapadasarkhich aahe, jyat rung chiinii brokedpasoon tayar jhalyache manale jaate. kahee prani, manav kinwa tyanchya kriyakalapanche kinwa vartanache pratinidhitva karoo shakatat, taree paramparikpane, ruparesha prani kinwa manavanna vastavadi swarupat darshavat naheet. yaa sankalpananchi rachana saundaryachya minangkabau sankalpanevar aadharit aahe, jee tyanchya jagabaddalachya drushtikonacha ('aalam minangkabau') eka bhag aahe, jyamadhye abhivyakti nehmich naisargik vatavaranavar aadharit asate. eka suprasiddha sootra aahe, 'nisarg haah aapala shikshak aahe.
chaunannav aakrutinvar nirikshan kele gele aahe. tyapaiki sattatis vanaspati ('furn tendrils'), ('ekmekanmadhye vinalele ratan'), ('bambuche ankur'), supariche talve aanee ('dhutalele sheval') yasarkhya vanaspatincha sandarbh detat. aththavis ruparesha pranyancha sandarbh detat, jase qee ('chakit gilhari'), ('dupari gharee jaanari badake) jee sahkarya aanee gharee gharee bhatkya lokanche prateek aahe aanee (soneri bhopalyachi). urvarit ekonatis rachana manavancha aanee kadhikadhi tyanchya kriyakalapancha kinwa vartanacha sandarbh detat, jase qee (rajyache teen raje), (god phool, eka premal muliche varnan karnyasathi vaparale jaate) aanee (jaale takane).
vividhata.
done moolbhut designspacky ekamadhye bandhale aaheh aanee. heey prakar minangkabau samajik sanrachaneche vegvegale done prakar pratibimbit karatat. yaa rachnet abhijat aanee shrenibaddha samajik rachana pratibimbit hote, jyat samarambhanchya velee kulatil netyanchya unch basanyachi parvanagi denyasathi pratyek tokala (unch majale) ghar hote. rachana lokshahi samajik rachana pratibimbit karate, jyat majale sapat aanee ekach staravar aahet.
mothya samudayik gharanmadhye sanrachanechya madhyabhagi asalelya praveshdvaradvare pravesh keela jaato, jyachya bhovati samanyatah trikoni gable aanee unch shikhar asalelya shikharasah lumb mandap asato. pravesh mandap nasalelya bhinnatela naav dile aahe kinwa ("vharandyashivay").
mothya aanee adhik samruddha gharanmadhye, unch bhinti aanee anek chhappar asatat, jyat anekada paach ghatak ekmekanmadhye ghatale jaatat aanee mothya lakadi stambhanni aadhar deela jaato. stambhanchya sankhyetil badalanna ('hatti gudghe tekane') mhanatat, jyat chalis stambh asoo shakatat, parinami aakar lahan aanee khadatar hoto aanee pannas stambh aanee adhik patal aakar asalele ('bhavyateche swaroop') stambh asoo shakatat. koto piliyangchya bhinnatesathi pratyek tokala atirikt sahaa stambh aavashyak aahet. 
eka minangkabau paramparik parishad sabhagruh, jyala aaa mhanoon olakhale jaate, teey aaa sarkhe disate. yaa prakarchi imarat kulatil nete baithakiche thikan mhanoon vapartat aanee tee koto pilliang model vagalata bhintinni vedhaleli nahee. paguyung rajwada paramparik minangkabau sthapatya shailit bandhala gela aahe, parantu eka asamanya pailu mhanje tyache teen star aahet. paschim sumatramadhye kahee aadhunik sarkari aanee vyavsayik imarati aanee gharguti gharanni () shailiche ghatak sweekarle aahet.
sataravya shatkapasoon negeri sembilanmadhye (aata malaysiamadhye) eka mothee minangkabau vasahat aahe, aanee minangkabaucha pramukh ajunahi tethe shasak aahe. tathapi, negeri sembilan minangkabaune malay shailitil chhappar bandhanicha avalamb keela aahe, jyat pattyanna tadachya pananchya lambisah satat chhapparancha tukada jodalela aahe. jaree yacha arth vaishishtyapurn vakr chhappar gamavane aanee tyat chamak disun yet asali, taree teey ajunahi pratishthit aanee sunder manale jaate. adhik rudhivadi islami prabhavamule aateel mandanit badal karnyasarkhya badalanna dekhil chalana midali aahe, kaaran maata sumatran minangkabauchya babatit mahilanchi maryada matrutvachya tulanet gharachya mageel bajus jaast asate.
bandhkam.
gharache bandhkam heey purvajanni tharavalelya aanee aupcharik kelelya vishisht niyamanchya adheen aahe, jyache ghar eka sunder aanee anandadayi imarat banvayche asel tarr palan karane aavashyak aahe. aii. chee nirmiti aanee dekhbhal hii matruvanshiy vanshatil gatatil jyeshth purush rakt-natevaikanchi jababdari aahe, jeey tyachi malki aanee bandhani karatat.

