madhya purv aanee uttar aafriketil shikshan

manvi hakkanchya sarvatrik ghoshanene moolbhut manvi haqq aanee vikasacha aavashyak ghatak mhanoon shikshanachya mahattvavar bharr deela aahe. shikshanamadhye samajik moolye, naitikta, parampara, dharm, rajkaran aanee itihas yancha samavesh hoto. heey dnyan sampadan kelele sadhan aahe jeey udayonmukh kamgar shaktila aarthik vikasat tyacha sakriy sahbhag sunishchit karnyasathi aavashyak kaushalyansah susajj karate. saksharta, ankganit aanee samasya sodavanyachya kaushalyanchya sampadanane shramache moolya aanee karyakshamta sudharate. prashikshan, kaushalya aanee shaikshanik pramanpatranchya madhyamatoon eka kushal aanee bauddhikdrushtya lavchik kamgar shakti nirman hote. vyavsayik karyabal deshachya aarthik utpadakatechi gunavatta vadhavate aanee jaagtik bajarpethetil spardhatmakatesathi tyachi yogyatechi hummy dete. sanyukt rashtranchya loksankhya nidhichya alikadil sanshodhan ahavalanusar, egypt, jorden aanee aljeriyasarkhya deshanni kutumb niyojan, aarogyaseva aanee shikshanat guntavanuk kelee aahe aanee tyanantar samajik vikas karyakramanmadhye guntavanuk karnyas anichchhuk asalelya deshanpeksha adhik vegwan aarthik vikas anubhavala aahe.
madhyapurvetil shikshanachi sthitee.
madhyapurvechi parshvabhoomi.
madhya purv aanee uttar africa (meena) pradeshat algeria, bahreen, jibooti, egypt, iran, iraq, jorden, kuwet, lebnon, libia, malta, mauritania, morokko, oman, katar, saudi arabia, somalia, sudan, siiriya, tunisia, turkey, sanyukt arab amirati (yuu. aii. eae.), paschim kinara aanee ghaza, israyal aanee yaman yaa deshancha samavesh aahe. jaree israyal bhaugolikdrushtya meena (madhya purv aanee uttar africa) pradeshat sthit aahe, taree haah lekh iranmadhil pertian hii adhikrut bhasha aanee turkichi turkey hii adhikrut bhasha vagalata arabi bhashechya bahusankhyatene vedhalelya deshanvar laksh kendrit karato.
jaree bahutek mena deshanmadhye olakh nirman karanyachi samaan vaishishtye aahet-islam haah mukhya dharm aanee arabi hii samaan bhasha (iran aanee turkey vagalata), taree tyaa vanshik, parampara, itihas aanee arabichya bolalya hott bolibhashanmadhye bhinn aahet. kuwet aanee sanyukt arab amiratisarkhya teel utpadak rajyanmadhye aanee tunicia aanee jordansarkhya teel nasalelya deshanmadhye aarthik vikasachi dhorane dekhil badaltat.
ekonisavya aanee visavya shatkachya suruvatila, yaa pradeshatil bahutek desh european vasahatikaranakhali hote. jaree vasahatvadi vasahatvadi anivarya shikshan suru kele asale taree aadhunik (european-shaili) shikshanacha pravesh nivadak uchchabhru lokanparyant maryadit hota. vasahati shikshanachi rachana anek prakare sthanik bauddhik vikasala aakar denyasathi aanee vasahatikaranchya rajkiy niyantranala aavhan denyasathi sthanik kalakaranchi tyanchi kshamata maryadit karnyasathi, pashchatya sanskruti vadhavanyasathi kelee gelee hotee, parantu yacha parinam vasahatikaranchya prabal aanee shreshth pashchatya sanskratila pudhe nenyachya ichchemule jhaala.
tunicia aanee egyptsarkhya vasahatinni shaikshanik mohimanmadhye guntavanuk kelee jyamule uchchabhru vidyarthyanna europemadhye pathavale gele jethe teey tantradnyan aanee jivanshailicha abhyas karoo shakat hote aanee shevati tyanche prapt kelele dnyan tyanchya mool deshanmadhye hastantarit karoo shakat hote. asha upayayojananmule ekonisavya shatkat bardochi polytechnic shaala (ist. 1830) aanee tunitiatil french "ecole polytechnic" chey pratinidhitva kele.
ekonisavya shatkachya uttaradhat, pashchatya sanskratichya prabhavabaddal vyapak jagrukta hotee. buddhibal mhanoon olakhalya hott naveen ottoman shasak abhijat vargala european tadnyanchya margdarshanakhali vishesh shalanmadhye prashikshan denyat aale hote. sudharana karoo gheu sarkaranni buddijivi abhijat vargala adhikari, doctor, abhiyante aanee police adhikari mhanoon prashikshit kele.
mishra nyayalayanmadhye kaam karnyas saksham honyasathi kairomadhye, vakilanna french low skoolmadhye prashikshan denyat aale hote. tunitiamadhye, french vasahatikaranni "sadiqiya" sarkhya prathamik aanee madhyamik asha donhi shalanvar niyantran thewale, jee french hyschool, "licey" chey model mhanoon sthapit madhyamik shaala aahe."
vasahatvadanantarcha kaal.
aitihasik drushtikon.
madhya purv aanee uttar aafriket, vasahatvadanantarchya kalat, lakshaniy samajik badal aanee eka shasak shakti mhanoon sthanik abhijatanchya udayamule shikshanacha prasar jhaala. eka majboot rashtra nirman karnyachya rashtriy sarkaranchya ichchemule manvi kshamata jastit jaast vadhavanyasathi saksharateche sampadan heey eka aavashyak kaushalya banale. yaa pradeshatil bahutansh vidwan aanee dhorankartyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee shikshan haah samajachya aarthik vadhicha aanee vistaracha paya aahe. shaikshanik vyapti aanee sevancha lakshaniy vistar hounahi berojgari uchch patalivar asali taree, shashvat aarthik vikasala chalana denyasathi shikshanat guntavanukichya mahattvavar teey bharr detat
vasahatvadanantarchya kalat, shikshanacha prabhutvashali namuna mhanje sarkarche shikshanavaril niyantran. rashtra ubharanicha eka mahattvacha pailu mhanoon egyptchya gamal abdel nassers anek netyanni mofat shikshanala protsahan dile aanee pratyek padvidharala sarvajanik kshetrat sthan milel asey vachan dile. prathamik, madhyamik aanee trutiyak shikshanacha vistar 1960 chya dashakapasun zapatyane zapatyane loksankhyechya vadhishi samantar aahe. 1965 teey 1990 yaa kalat prathamik shikshanat pravesh pravesh vidyarthyanchi takkewari 61 takkyanvarun 98 takkyanparyant vadhali.
uchch shikshan vasahatvad suru hounahi, swatantryanantar lagechach vidyapith staravar navnondanicha veg lakshaniyaritya vadhala. 1939 madhye naupeksha jaast pradeshik vidyapithe navhati aanee 1960 paryant vees. nondani kelelya vidyarthyanchi sarvadhik sankhya asalelya rajyanmadhye egypt, siiriya, lebnon aanee iraq yancha samavesh hota.
saudi arabia aanee yemenchya puranmatvadi shasananmadhye, european shailiche shikshan haloohaloo udayas yet hote. kuwet apavad mhanoon kaam karat asale taree, islami sanskratishi visangat asoo asoo siddhantanshi vidyarthyanna parichit karoon denyasathi shasanvyavastha savadh hotee. pertian aakhati rajyanni tevhapasoon durgami shaikshanik sudharana suru kelya aahet, keval tyanchya swatachya manvi bhandavalat guntavanuk kelyanech tyanna aarthik vikas telachya vadhichya varshannantarhi suru rahtana disel yaa jaanivisah. alikadech, saudi arabiacha raja abdullah mishra-ling pashchatya models anek shikshan kendre sthapan karnyachya tyachya prayatnansathi aantarrashtriy vruttapatranmadhye prakashit jhaala aahe.
swatantryanantarchi aavhane.
swatantryanantarchya varshant serve meena deshanmadhye shikshanacha vistar karnyachya samasya samanya hotya. loksankhyechya vadhimule vadhimule shikshanamule ashikshit mulanchi sankhya qamee jhalich asey nahee. tyachpramane, shikshan vyavastha apuri asalyache siddha jhaale kaaran ativyavasayik aanee anekada patra nasalelya shikshakanchya netrutvakhalil varg mulanni bharalele hote. jeey vidyarthi katekorpane pariksha-aadharit pranalitoon gele hote, teey vidyapith-stariy shikshan aanee rojgarasathi aavashyak asalelya kaushalyanni susajj navhate aanee aajahi aahet.
rajyane rajyantargat anek pranalinche ekikaran karnyacha prayatna keela tevha itar samasya udbhavalyah european shaili aanee islami, sarvajanik aanee khajgi, arabi bhashet shikshan aanee itar paradeshi bhashet, sahasa french kinwa ingraji. parinami, kahee islami shaala bund jhalya, tarr itar mothya vidyapithancha bhag banalya. udaharanarth, tunismadhil paramparik islami shaala 'zayatuna' hii tunis vidyapithachya 'shariya' chya shalet samavisht karnyat aalee.
vasahatvadanantarchya sarkarchya shikshanavaril niyantranakhali disanara aanakhi eka namuna mhanje shaikshanik sansthanche arabikaran. vasahatvadi rajvatit paradeshi bhashechya madhyamatoon shikavalya hott shaala arabi bhashet shikavu lagalya. parinami, syriasarkhya deshanmadhye paradeshi bhashet prabhutva midvanyachya vidyarthyanchya sandhee qamee jhalya, jithe prathamik shikshanadarmyan navhe tarr keval madhyamik shalanmadhyech european dviteey bhashecha parichay jhaala.
paradeshat shikshan gheu gheu vidyarthyanna kautumbik sampattivar kinwa sarkari shishyavruttivar avalambun rahave lagat asey. jyanna paradeshi bhashet prabhutva midavata aale nahee, tyanna gambhir adthalyanna samore jaave lagale. tathapi, keval khajgi shalanmadhyech sarvottam darjache shikshan miloo shakat asalyane, eka shrimant sushikshit abhijat rahila. buddijivi varg paradeshi bhashanmadhye prabhutva midvat rahila aanee rojgarache fayade midvat rahila. yaulat, samajachya mothya bhagala sarkarchya shaikshanik suvidhanvar aanee sarvajanik kshetratil padanvaril qamee hott hott sandhinvar avalambun rahave lagale.
vasahatvadanantarchya samajantil mahila.
yaa pradeshatil shikshanachya prasaramule anek samajik badal jhaale aahet, jyancha mena deshantil mahilanchya sthitivar parinam jhaala aahe. sarvat mahattvache mhanje, agadi puranmatvadi rajvatitahi mahilanna shikshan miloo shakat hote.
sampoorn pradeshat, prathamik shalanmadhil mulinchi takkewari mulanitakich mahattvachi hotee, tarr uchch shikshanasathi mahilanchi upalabdhata satatyane vadhat hotee. tyanusar, tyanchya saksharatechya sudharit patalimule, sushikshit mahila vakeel, doctor aanee samajik sevanmadhye karmchari mhanoon kaam karoo shakalya. tunicia aanee iraksarkhya deshanmadhye, jethe rajya sarkare tyanchya samajache vegane aadhunikikaran karnyas tayar hotee, tethe mahila
madhyapurvetil sangharsh aanee shikshan.
dhoranatmak doordrashti gatane dilelya ahavalat madhyapurvetil sangharshachya shaikshanik kharchacha ullekh keela aahe. 2003 saalee irakmadhil americi yuddhanantar dahashatvadyanni shaikshanik aasthapananna janivpurvak lakshya kele aahe. 2007 madhye 353 shikshakanchi hatya karnyat aalee. sumare 800,000 mule sadhya shalebaher aahet aanee 3,000 hoon adhik shikshantadnya desh sodoon paloon gele aahet. 30 takkyanhun adhik mule aanee 40 takkyanhun adhik vidyapithatil vidyarthi bheeti aanee tyanchya jawalchya shalanchya kamataratemule gharee rahatat.
2006 chya lebnon yuddhat, lebnani mule sarvat jaast prabhavit jhaali hotee, jithe serve nagri mrutyunpaiki 33 takke mule hotee aanee 390,000 mule visthapit jhaali hotee. yuddhadarmyan 40,000 mulanche shikshan viskalit jhaale hote, 300 hoon adhik shalanche nuksan jhaale hote.
curfue aanee bandmule palestinichya 1,300 hoon adhik shaala viskalit jhalya aahet.
saksharateche praman.
shikshanatil sarkari guntavanukicha parinam mhanoon, kamgaranchya shaikshanik praptichi sarasari vadhali. jaree bahutek aarthik uddishtapeksha rashtriy yashache prateek manale jaat asale, taree 1960 teey 1995 yaa kalavadhit madhya purv aanee uttar aafriketil deshanmadhye uchch saksharta darr duppat jhaala hota. yaa pradeshatil saksharatechya patalit sudharana jhaali asali taree, jyaa deshanmadhye lakshaniy shahari loksankhya aahe, jyamadhye saksharateche praman satatyane vadhale hote aanee jyaa deshanmadhye niraksharatechi takkewari lakshaniyaritya jaast hotee, tyaa pramukhyane grameen deshanmadhye visangati hotee.
visheshtah grameen bhagat tarun vidyarthyanchya vadhatya sankhyemule yemen, egypt aanee morokkosarkhya deshanna sarvatrik moolbhut shikshan prapt karnyachya dishene gambhir adthalyanna tond dyave lagat aahe. egyptmadhye, 15 varshankhalil lokansathi shikshanachi hummy dene heey eka mothe aavhan aahe kaaran tethil loksankhyechya loksankhyechya jaast loksankhya 6 teey 14 vayogatatil asoon grameen bhagat tyanche laksh kendrit aahe. yemenchya dongral bhagat, naveen shaala bandhanyasathi kinwa vidyaman shalanchi durusti karnyasathi lakshaniy prayatna karoonahi, varg gharabaher ekatra yeu shakatat.
grameen bhagat, visheshtah mahilanmadhye niraksharatechi patali samanyatah jaast asalelya grameen bhagatil mahilanna shikshit karnyavar vishesh bharr dett, meena pradeshat saksharateche praman vadhavanyache aanakhi prayatna kele jaat aahet. 1999 madheel jaagtik bankechya ahavalanusar, morokkochya grameen bhagat dahapaiki keval eka mahila vachoo aanee lihu shakate. sanyukt rashtranchya shikshan, vaidnyanik aanee sanskrutik sanghatnene nondavale qee madhya purv aanee uttar africa pradeshatil 75 lakhanhun adhik mahila aanee 45 laakh purush nirakshar hote.
shikshanacha darja haah aarthik vikasatil eka mahattvacha muddah aahe. shikshanachya gunvatteche moolyankan karnyasathi, tyache parinam samajoon ghene aanee tyanche moolyankan karane mahatvache aahe. ashee prakriya meena pradeshat aanee aantarrashtriy staravar tulanatmak abhyasadvare houu shakate. tathapi, alikadchya aantarrashtriy moolyankan abhyasanmadhye keval iran aanee jorden sahbhagi jhaale asalyane, meena pradeshatil shikshanachya gunavattebabat upalabdh mahitee khoopach qamee aahe. aahe shaikshanik pragatichya aantarrashtriy mulyankanat sahbhagi jhalelya jorden aanee aanee 1995chya aantarrashtriy ganeet aanee vidnyan abhyasat asey prayatna iran yaa doghanni ganeet aanee vidnyanat atishay qamee patali darshavili, parantu 1995 teey 2011 yaa kalavadhit tyat sarvat jaast vaadh jhaali.
sarvat mahattvache mhanje, menamadhil shaikshanik pranali sandnyanatmak samasya-nirakaran kaushalyanchya shikshanavar thampane avalambun nasatat. tyaeivaji ekapathopath eka pariksha uttirn honyasathi tyanna maryadit sankhyechya samasyanchi uttare lakshat thevanyas protsahit kele jaate. parinami, tyanna sakriy vidyarthyanaivaji nishkriy rahilyabaddal aanee shevati sarjansheelata aanee samasyeche nirakaran hyanna mahatva chalana nokarichya bajarpethet pravesh kelyabaddal puraskrut kele jaate, jeey anshatah madhyapurvetil 25 takke tarun berojgariche praman spasht karate, jeey jagbharatil konatyahi pradeshapeksha sarvadhik aahe. yuvakanchya berojgarisah yuvakanna vagalanyacha kharch egyptmadhye 53 abj americi dollar (jee. dii. pii. chya 17 takke) aanee jordenmadhye 1.5 abj americi dollar (jee. dii. pii. chya 7 takke) itka jaast asalyacha andaj aahe.
kahee nirdeshak, jase qee vaiyaktik vidyarthyanvaril mahitiche upalabdh srot kinwa prathamik shalanmadhil kharchache namune, menamadhil shikshanacha darja nishchit karnyat upayukt tharoo shakatat. anek maine prathamik shalanmadhye, vidyarthyanna darvarshi pratyek vishayatil ekach pathyapustak upalabdh asate. yacha arth pustak swatach mahiticha ekmev srot aahe. tyanusar, sandnyanatmak kaushalyancha vikas santh asato aanee naveen mahitee aatmasat karnyachya vidyarthyachya vaiyaktik prayatnanvar avalambun asato, tyamule pragati hote. yavyatirikt, ashee prakriya itar vachan sahitya aanee video programsachya anupasthitimule dekhil mand houu shakate jee pudhil chitre pradan karoo shakate aanee abhyasalela vishay spasht aanee samajanyayogya banavoo shakate.
vegalya drushtikonatun, pertian aakhati rajyanmadhil deshanni moolbhut shaletil vidyarthyanpeksha uchch shikshanatil vidyarthyanvar charpat jaast kharch keela. tunisia, jorden aanee morokko yanni anivarya shikshanatil vidyarthyapeksha vidyapithatil vidyarthyavar tyanusar sumare 8,14 aanee 15 putt jaast kharch keela. heey uchch shikshanachya kharchamule hott asalyacha yuktivad keela jaau shakato, parantu uchch shikshanat pratyek vidyarthyapeksha dahapat jaast kharch karnari sarkare vaiyaktik aanee bauddhik vikasat anivarya shikshanachya mahattvakade durlaksh karatat.
arabi jagaat, shaikshanik vyavasthecha nimn darja haah nidhichya kamataratemule nahee tarr yaa pradeshatil shikshan sudharanyasathi upalabdh asalelya aarthik sansadhananchya prakare vyavasthapanamule aahe. vikasansheel deshanmadhil shikshanacha darja darja shaikshanik kamgiri nirdeshankane yaa pradeshatil vividh deshanmadhil visangati vyakt kelee. tyanchya lokanchya fayadhyasathi aarthik kshamatechya fayadhyancha fayda ghenyachya marganmadhye teey bhinn hote. tunitiasarkhya deshanni aaplya jee. aine. pii. chya sahaa takkyanhun adhik rakkam mofat sarvajanik shikshanat guntavanyat yash midavale. parinami, 1991 madhye 14 lakhanhun adhik vidyarthyanna mofat aanee saktiche shikshan miloo shakale.
kuwet, saudi arabia aanee katarsarkhya itar deshanmadhye upalabdh aarthik sansadhane asoonahi moolbhut shikshanat sudharana jhaali nahee. nivval nondanichya qamee daracha haah parinam aahe asey mhatale jaau shakate. shivay, saudi arabia aanee kuvetmadhye anivarya shikshanatil lingbhed farsa jaast nasla taree, moolbhut shikshanatil vidyarthyanchya nondanimadhye katarmadhye 20 takke lingbhed aahe.
meena pradeshatil shikshanachya gunvattechya samasya.
samasya arab manav vikas ahavalanusar, "shikshanatil sankatacha sarvat chintajanak pailu mhanje arabi samajanchya vikasasathichya garja puravanyat shikshanachi asamarthata."
madhyamik aanee uchch shikshan heey donhi bhavishyatil kamgaranna prashikshan aanee kaushalya pradan karnare sarvat yogya srot manale jaat asale taree mahavidhyalaye kinwa vidyapithanmadhye pravesh ajunahi maryadit aahe. jevha shikshan upalabdh asate, tevha tyachya shaikshanik vyavasthecha darja khalavane, shaikshanik sahitya kinwa patra shikshakancha abhav yacha tras hoto.
aarthik samasya yaa pradeshatunach udbhavateh mofat shikshan denyasathi sarkarcha hastakshep haah, moolbhut shikshan purn prayatna aanee pudhil shikshanasathi prayatna prayatna vidyarthyanchya vadhatya sankhyemule, bharakrant houu lagla aahe. parinami, vadhatya vidyarthyanchya sankhyesathi mofat shikshan denyachya aanee vividh shaikshanik staranvar tase karnyachya asthir kharchavar niyantran thevanyache aavhan kendra sarkarsamor aahe.
vegalya drushtikonatun, meena pradeshat, shikshanachi karyakshamta sudharanyasathi aanee shaikshanik kamgirichi patali vadhavanyasathi shikshanat sakhol sarkari guntavanuk karoonahi, shikshanacha darja hii eka samasya rahili aahe. 1995 chya jaagtik shikshan ahavalanusar, purush nondanichya tulanet mahilanna menamadhye shikshan milane qamee asale taree, yaa pradeshatil shaikshanik vyavasthechya nimn gunavattecha parinam purush aanee mahila doghanvarhi hoto. "yaa pradeshatil shaikshanik parinamanchya babatit eka gambhir gunavatta samasya aahe, shaikshanik paddhati pramukhyane lagoo kelelya samasya nirakaran aanee moolyankan paddhatinaivaji ratte lakshat thevanyavar kendrit aahet."
asha ghatana spasht karnyacha eka marg mhanje swatantryanantarchya kalapasoon shaikshanik vyavasthapanamadhye lakshaniy badal aanee sudharana jhalelya naheet assa yuktivad karane. kharey tarr, 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashakat, rajya udyog, shetee aanee sevanchya magnyannusar shaikshanik pranali tayar aanee niyojit karnyat aalya. kendra sarkar vividh shaikshanik visheshatancha nirnay ghenyapurvi aanee tyanche niyojan karnyapurvi bhavishyatil bhavishyatil aavashyak kaushalyancha andaj ghet asey. qamee mahattvache nahee, naveen kamgaranchi sankhyahi nishchit kelee gelee. vidyarthyanche padvidan aanee madhyamik kinwa uchch shikshan purn honyapurvi pratyek kshetrat aavashyak asalelya asalelya sankhyecha manushyabalachya andajanusar andaj lavava lagat asey.
tyachpramane, uchch shikshanaparyantchya praveshababatahi sarkarkadoon dekhrekh thevanyat aalee hotee. vidyarthyanna sarkari niyojananusar aanee bajarachya maganinusar karyakram ughadatat aanee bund karatat. tasech, kendrikrut niyojanamule deshachya aarthik vikasala chalana chalana aavashyak tantrik, hastalikhit kinwa vyavsayik seva nirdharit karnyas madat jhaali. tyanantar, visheshatemadhye gatishilata lavchik navhati. yavyatirikt, kushal hastalikhit aanee tantrik vyavasayanvar adhik bharr dilyane, shaikshanik prashikshan aprasangik manale jaat hote.
shivay, vaidyakeey vishesh vidyapithanmadhye praveshasathi shaharanmadhil vishesh madhyamik shalanmadhye shikavale jaanare vishisht shaikshanik anubhav sampadan karane aavashyak hote. parinami, shahari bhagat rahnare vidyarthi visheshadhikarprapt shaikshanik sansthanmadhye jaau shakale. tathapi, grameen bhagatil vidyarthyanna vidyarthyanna samaan shaikshanik laabh miloo shakat naheet. uchch staravar shikshan suru thevanyas ichchuk asalelyanpaiki bahutansh lock atee gardichya tantrik shalanmadhye kinwa manaviki aanee samajik vidnyan vidyapithanmadhye kendrit aahet. "shaikshanik parinamanmule yaa bhagatil khajgi kshetratil niyoktyanni shodhaleli kaushalye tarunanna upalabdh jhaleli naheet."
ling.
madhya purv aanee uttar aafriketil mahilansathi shikshanacha adhikar aavashyak manla jaato. mahilansathi shikshanache mahatva mhanje tyanna bhavishyasathi changlya maata aanee samajatil sakriy sadasya banane. kahee mahilanna shikshan heey tyanche manvi haqq samajoon ghenyas aanee tyanantar laingik bhedbhavapasun swatache sanrakshn karnyas saksham asalelya changlya jivanache praveshdwar aahe asey vatate, tarr itarancha assa vishvas aahe qee sushikshit mahila naveen pidhi nirman karnyat adhik yashasvi tharatat.
praman dashakachya purvardhat muslim rajyanni prathamik shalanmadhye mulinchya nondanit done takkyanni vaadh kelee, joou vikasansheel deshanmadhil shaley-vayogatatil mulinchya nondanichya sarasari darapeksha charpat jaast aahe. prathamik shalanmadhye mulincha sahbhag vadhanyacha uddesh islami niyamanmule mahilanchya shikshanavar nirbandh aahet heey vyapak dave mitavane haah hota.
islami prajasattak iranmadhye mulinche prathamik shaletil navanondaniche praman 1986 saalee 80 takkyanvarun 96 takkyanparyant vadhale aahe. tyachpramane grameen bhagat mulinche prathamik shalanmadhil navanondaniche praman praman dashakachya uttaradhat 60 takkyanvarun 80 takkyanparyant vadhale aahe. iranchya babatit, iranmadhye sarvatrik anivarya shikshan midvanyachya rajkiy vachanbaddhatemule shaikshanik gunavattevar parinam jhaala aahe. tyanusar, shaley nondanitil lingbhed lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala aahe.
yavyatirikt, arab jagatil anek shasananni mahilanchya shikshanatil pravesh sudharnyachya mahattvavar bharr deela aahe aanee vividh shaikshanik staranvaril lingbhed qamee karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. kharey tarr, assa andaj vartavala jaato qee 2010 salaparyant, visheshtah mahilanchya babatit shikshanachya satatyapurn sudharanemule arab desh saksharta darachya 70 takkyanparyant pohochu shaktil. 1956 madhye suru jhalelya yashasvi dhoranache tunicia heey eka udaharanatmak udaharan aahe. tyacha uddesh lingbhed qamee karane haah aahe. mahilanprati sarkarchya udarmatvadi dhoranamule deshatil mahilanchya sthitivar parinam jhaala aahe aanee shikshanachya praveshatil laingik asamanata qamee jhaali aahe.
anivarya shalanmadhil mulinchya nondanichya darat lakshaniy badal mena pradeshatil itar deshanni anubhavale. 1960 teey 1988 yaa kalat, siiriya, libia aanee irakmadhil mulinchya nondaniche praman 44 takkyanvarun 94 takkyanparyant (siiriya), 26 takkyanvarun 90 takkyanparyant (libia) aanee 39 takkyanvarun 88 takkyanparyant (iraq) vadhale aahe.
jaagtik bankechya matey, meena pradeshat vyapak ling antar yaman, morokko aanee egyptmadhye aadhalate. egyptmadhye, 6 teey 10 vayogatatil 600.000 peksha jaast mulee shalet jaat naheet. yapaiki bahutansh ashikshit mulee grameen bhagat, visheshtah varchya egyptmadhye kendrit aahet. rashtriy shaikshanik vyavasthecha darja khalavalyamule aanee grameen bhagat tee puravalelya sevanmule ashee ghatana ghadali. yala egyptchya grameen bhagatil samajik-aarthik adchanincha dekhil pathimba hota, jithe moolbhut shaikshanik sahitya parvadane khoop katheen hote.
badal aanee bhavishyatil sudharananchi shifaras kelee.
stephen pii.hemenman badalasathi sahaa pramukh kshetre olakhatoh
1-arthpurn anivarya shikshanah
arthpurn anivarya shikshan mhanje 'moolbhut shikshan' aanee 'anivarya shikshan' yanna samaan vaganuk denyachi garaj. yacha arth anivarya moolbhut shikshanachya kalat shikshan sarvatrik asale pahije. samajik varg, ling kinwa vanshik gatachi parva naan karata serve mulansathi anivarya shikshan sarvatrik asane aavashyak aahe. asha prakriyesathi parikshechya uddishtanchi punarnirdharan karane aavashyak aahe. yacha arth assa aahe qee, jyadvare vidyarthyanchi nivad tyanchya lakshat thevanyachya kaushalyanusar kelee jaate, tyaeivaji parikshancha vapar moolyamapan sadhan mhanoon karane aavashyak aahe.
2-susangat gunavatta hummy yantranah
shikshanachya gunvatteche moolyankan karnyas saksham karnari chaar yantrana aahet. tyat "abhyaskram uddishte, pariksha aanee itar moolyankan, adhyapan sahitya aanee vargatil shikshan" yancha samavesh aahe. matra, meena pradeshat shalanmadhye shaikshanik uddishte sadhya karnyasathi sadhansampatticha abhav aahe. udaharanarth, pathyapustake asha prakare prakare paddhatine aayojit kelee jaatat jyat vidyarthyanchya vegvegalya shaikshanik kshamatancha vichar keela jaat nahee. parinami, abhyaskramachi uddishte, shikshakanni vaparleli yantrana aanee parikshanchi yogya nivad yanchyatil samanvay karyaksham aanee susangat shaikshanik pranali pohochavanyasathi karyaksham tharoo shakato.
3-shikshakanche vyavsayikikaranah
meena pradeshat, shikshakanchi nivad tyanchi kshamata, sarjansheelata aanee adhyapan kamgiri yasathi kelee jaat nahee. tyaeivaji, tyanchya shaikshanik praptimule tyanchi olakh patate. tathapi, anubhavachya vegvegalya staranvaril shikshakanmadhye vetanache praman bhinn nasate. yach vastusthitimule shikshanachya sakriy sudharanela nirutsahita midali aahe aanee tyanantar sarvasadharanpane shikshanacha darja qamee jhaala aahe.
asha aavhanavar eka prabhavi upay mhanje vargatil shikshakanchya kamgiriche moolyankan karnyasathi satat moolyamapan aanee pariksha suru karane. yaa moolyankan parikshanmadhye yashasvi honare prashikshak uchch pagarmanakade jaau shakatat. hii prakriya keval shikshakanna kamgiri karnyasathi prerit karnar nahee tarr sarvasadharanpane shikshanachya gunavattevar sakaratmak parinam karel.
4-shaikshanik sahityah
madhya purv aanee uttar aafriketil deshanmadhye, shaikshanik suvidha durmil aanee ayogyapane vaparlya jaatat yavar sarvasadharan ekmat aahe. matra, bajarpethetil maganichya badalatya swarupamule vidyarthyanna vyavsayik aanee tantrik kaushalye pradan karanyachi ichcha nirman hone aavashyak aahe. kharey tarr, sanganak software shaikshanik karyakram suru karnyas protsahan dile pahije, tyanche aayojan kele pahije aanee tyanchi amalbajavani kelee pahije. ashee prakriya adyayavat shaikshanik pranali nirman karel jee aantarrashtriy staravar spardhatmak kamgar shakti nirman karel asey suchavale jaate. parinami, yamule keval shikshanacha darja sudharat nahee tarr eka maulyavan aanee karyaksham kamgar shakti dekhil nirman hote.
5-uchch shikshanah
bahutek mena deshanni 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat kendra sarkarchya hastakshep kalapasoon tyanchya uchch shikshanache vyavasthapan karnyachya dhoranat badal kelela nahee. itar babatit, vittapuravatha aanee vitaran prakriya tees varshanhun adhik kaal samaan aahet. uchch shikshanacha darja qaa qamee jhaala aahe yache kaaran yatoon spasht hote. tathapi, uchch shaikshanik sansthanmadhil ashee sthairya sthitee talhanyasathi, aadhunik shikshan dhoranancha vapar karoon, gunatmak aanee sanrachanatmak asha donhi sudharana pradan karat uchch shikshanaparyant pohoch vadhavun shaikshanik vitaran sahitya sudharanyachi garaj aahe.
6-shaikshanik mahitih
menamadhil shikshanachya gunvattevishayichi mahitee durmil aahe aanee upalabdh mahitee anekada apuri aanee avishvasaniy asate. tathapi, jaagtik khulya bajarpetheshi julavun ghenyasathi, yaa pradeshatil sarkaranni sthanik jababdar adhikari aanee aantarrashtriy sanstha yaa doghansathi shikshanachi sthitee ughad karnyachya uddeshane aakadevari aanee vividh deta vishleshan sadhananchya vaparas protsahit karane aavashyak aahe. asha prakriyemule yaa pradeshatil shikshanachya samarthyache aanee kamkuvatpanache prabhavi moolyankan aanee moolyankan karata yete. yaulat, yaa mulyankanvishayak mahitichya kamataratemule, menamadhil shaikshanik pranali apayashi tharanyachi karane nishchit karane khoop katheen aahe.

