
mahitee swatantrya kayada 2000

mahitee swatantrya kayada 2000 (see. 36) haah united kingdamchya sansadecha eka kayada aahe joou sarvajanik adhikaahyaankade asalelya mahiticha sarvajanik 'pravesh adhikar' nirman karato. hii united kingadammadhe rashtriy staravar mahitee swatantrya kayadyachi amalbajavani aahe. tyacha vapar scotlandmadhye (jyacha swatacha mahitee swatantrya kayada aahe) scotlandmadhye sthit yooke sarkari karyalayanparyant maryadit aahe. haah kayada 1997 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit lebber partychya jahiranamyachya vachanbaddhatechi amalbajavani karato, joou david clarkney 1997 chaa shvetpatrak mhanoon vikasit keela hota. yaa kayadyachya antim aavruttivar mahitee swatantrya pracharkankadun shvetpatrakat prastavit kelelya goshtincha eka patal prakar mhanoon teeka karnyat aalee. yaa kayadyachya sampoorn tartudi 1 janewari 2005 roji lagoo jhalya.
haah kayada laurd chancellorchya vibhagachi jababdari hotee (aata tyache naav nyay mantralay asey thewale gele aahe). matra, mahitee swatantrya dhoran hii aata mantrimandal karyalayachi jababdari aahe. yaa kayadyamule deta sanrakshn aayuktanche (deta sanrakshn kayada 1998 prashasit karnyasathi sthapan kelele) naav badalale gele, jyanna aata mahitee aayukt mhanoon olakhale jaate. mahitee aayuktanche karyalay kayadyachya amalbajavanivar dekhrekh thevate.
mahitee swatantrya kayada 2002 (aii. ess. pii. 13) haah dusra mahitee swatantrya kayada brittenmadhye astitvat aahe. westminsteraiwaji holirud sansadeche adhikarkshetra asalelya sarvajanik sansthanna samavisht karnyasathi 2002 madhye scottish sansadene teey manjur kele. yaa sansthansathi, 2000 chya kayadyapramanech too uddesh purn karato.
haah kayada lagoo jhalelya pahilya varshat sumare 1,20,000 vinantya karnyat aalya hotya. khajgi nagarikanni tyapaiki 60 takke, vyavasay aanee patrakaranni anukrame 20 takke aanee 10 takke vaataa uchalala. tathapi, patrakaranchya vinantya adhik guntaguntichya aanee parinami adhik mahagadya asanyacha cull hota. kendra sarkarla kelelya suruvatichya eff. oo. aay. vinantyanpaiki sumare 10 takke vinantya tyanchya hotya, parantu vinantya hatalanyasathi adhikadhyanchya velechya kharchachya 20 takke. 2005 madhye yaa kayadyasathi 35.5 kotee paund kharch aale.
parshvabhoomi.
1997 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit kamgar pakshachya jahiranamyatil vachanbaddhatechi amalbajavani haah kayada karato. tyachi suruvat honyapurvi, samanya janatela sarkarmadhye pravesh karnyacha konatahi adhikar navhata, keval mahitee samayik karnyasathi eka maryadit aichchhik chaukat hotee.
pandhara kagad.
yaa kayadyachya aadhi david clarkney 1998 saalee 'tumcha jaanun ghenyacha adhikar' haah shvetpatrika lihili hotee. shwetpatrala vyapak utsah midala aanee mahitee swatantrya kayadyachya eka vakilane tyaa velee tyache varnan 'kharey asane jawaljawal khoop changle' asey kele. antim kayadyachi vyapti suruvatichya shvetpatrakapeksha lakshaniyaritya adhik maryadit hotee.
sansadet charcha.
meey 1999 madhye eka masuda vidheyak prakashit karnyat aale; yaa vidheykavar haus auph commons aanee haus auph lordsmadhye mothya pramanat charcha jhaali aanee november 2000 madhye tyala shahee manyata midali.
krutee.
lagoo karane.
mahitee swatantrya kayada sarvajanik swarupachi karye karananya sansthanchya sandarbhat mahitee midvanyacha vaidhanik adhikar nirman karato. yaa kayadyantargat teen vegvegalya prakarchya sanstha samavisht aaheth sarvajanik adhikari, sarvajanik malkichya kampanya aanee sarvajanik karye karananya niyukt sanstha.
sarvajanik adhikari.
tattvatah, mahitee swatantrya kayada united kingadammadhil serve "sarvajanik pradhikarananna" lagoo hoto. kayadyachya uddeshansathi "sarvajanik pradhikarananchi" sampoorn yadee anusuchi 1 madhye samavisht aahe. sarkari vibhag, sansadechi ghare, uttar ireland vidhansabha, velsh vidhansabha, sashastr dall, sthanik sarkari sanstha, rashtriy aarogya seva sanstha, shaala, mahavidhyalaye aanee vidyapithe, polis adhikari aanee polisanche mukhya adhikari yaa yadeet samavisht aahet, jyat pharm pashu kalyan parishadepasun teey uttar irelandchya yuva parishadeparyantcha samavesh aahe. kahee sarkari vibhaganna, pramukhyane guptachar sevanna, kayadyachya vyaptitoon spashtapane vagalanyat aale aahe.
sarkari vibhag bund asalyane aanee tayar kelyamule, kayada satat adyayavat keela jaane aavashyak aahe. kayadyache anusuchi 4 ghatanatmak vyavharansathichya rajya sachivanna, jarr teey kayade kinwa visheshadhikar tayar kele gele asateel tarr sarvajanik pradhikaran mhanoon anusuchi 1 madhye ekhadya sansthela kinwa padadhikarila jodanyacha adhikar dete; aanee tyache sadasya sarkardware niyukt kele jaatat.
sankarit sarvajanik pradhikarane.
heey lakshat ghene mahattvache aahe qee anusuchi 1 antargat soochibaddha kahee sarvajanik pradhikaranansathi, yaa kayadyacha prabhav maryadit aahe. udaharanarth, bii. bii. see. heey keval patrakarita, qalaa kinwa sahityachya uddeshane naan thevalelya mahitisathi, tyachya patrakaritechya kriyakalapanna sambhavya tadjod honyapasoon rokhanyasathi, yaa kayadyachya adheen aahe. sambhavya purvgrahasathi madhyapurvechya bbc vyaptiche parikshan karananya 'bbc wii sakhar' yaa antargat bbc dastaivajat, yaa tartudichya vyapticha vichar uchch nyayalayachya alikadil nirnayat karnyat aala. tyaa prakaranatil apilkartyanni assa yuktivad keela qee dastaivaj karyanvit aanee patrakarit donhi karanansathi sadar karnyat aala hota aanee tyamule kayadyat pradan kelelya aanshik savalatichya antargat yeu naye. uchch nyayalayane haah yuktivad fetalala; nyaymurti shree. irvin yanni asey manale qee kayadyatil patrakaritecha arth assa aahe qee asha uddeshansathi thevaleli konatihi mahitee yaa savalatimadhye samavisht aaheh
majha nishkarsh assa aahe qee anusuchitil shabdancha arth assa aahe qee patrakarita, qalaa kinwa sahityachya uddeshane, tee mahitee itar hetunsathi thewali gelee asso kinwa naso, jee mahitee tyanchyakade konatyahi lakshaniy maryadeparyant aahe tee mahitee ughad karnyache bii. bii. see. chey bandhan nahee. yaa shabdancha arth assa nahee qee jarr tee mahitee patrakarita, qalaa kinwa sahityapeksha vegalya uddeshansathi thewali gelee asel tarr tee ughad karnyayogya aahe, tarr tee tyaa soochibaddha uddeshansathi konatyahi lakshaniy maryadeparyant thewali gelee aahe. jarr mahitee sammishra hetunsathi thewali gelee asel, jyat anusuchimadhye soochibaddha kelelya konatyahi lakshaniy maryadeparyant kinwa tyapaiki eka asel, tarr tee mahitee ughad karnyayogya nahee.
sarvoch nyayalayachya 4:1 chya bahumatane (laurd willson asahmati) haah nirnay kayam thewala, asey namood kele qee patrakarita, qalaa kinwa sahityachya uddeshane thevaleli konatihi mahitee ughad karane vagalale pahije-jaree tee mahitee pramukhyane itar hetunsathi thewali gelee asali taree.
sarvajanik malkichya kampanya.
kayadyachya kalam 6 antargat sarvajanik malkichya companychya vyakhyet yenanya kampanya aapoaap tyachya tabyat yetat. ess6 madhye ashee tartud aahe qee ekhadi company sarvajanik malkichi aahe jarah
niyukt sanstha.
kayadyachya kalam 5 antargat, rajya sachiv yaa kayadyantargat sarvajanik pradhikaran mhanoon pudhil sansthanchi nemanook karoo shakatat, parantu tyaa sanstha sarvajanik swarupache karya kareet aahet kinwa jyachi tartud sarvajanik pradhikaranache karya aahe ashee seva pradan karnyasathi karar karat aahet. kalam 5 antargat (november 2011 madhye) pahilya aadeshat mukhya police adhikadhyanchi sanghatana, vittiy lokpal seva aanee yuu. see. aii. chaa samavesh karnyasathi sarvajanik adhikadhyanchi yadee vadhavanyat aalee.
pravesh adhikar.
yaa kayadyamule, vinanti kelyavar, sarvajanik pradhikaranankade asalelya mahitiparyant pohochanyacha samanya adhikar nirman hoto. mahitiche swatantrya midalyavar dawa keela jaato qee sarvajanik pradhikaranachi done sambandhit kartavye asatat. pratham, vinanti keleli mahitee (kalam 1 (1) (aaa)) tichyakade aahe qee nahee heey janatechya sadasyala kalavane heey kartavya aahe aanee dusare, jarr tee mahitee tichyakade asel tarr tee vinanti karananya vyaktila (kalam 1 (1) (buub)) kalavane. yacha parinam mhanoon, haah kayada asha prakare kayadyantargat vinanti karananya vyaktila sambandhit mahitichi pushti kinwa nakar aanee sampreshan karnyache samatulya adhikar pradan karato. moolbhut kartvyachya purakatemadhye, vyaktinna vinantya karnyat madat karane aanee tyanni tyanchya eff. oo. aay. vinantya yogya prakare tayar kelya aahet yachee khatri karane heey atirikt kartavya aahe. (kalam 16 (1))
matra, anek savalati aahet. yapaiki kahee ughad karnyasathi sampoorn nirbandh aahet; kahee patra aahet, yacha arth sambandhit mahitee ughad karnyatil sarvajanik heet heey suut rakhanyatil sarvajanik hitapeksha jaast aahe qee nahee heey sarvajanik pradhikaranala tharvave lagel. vinanti chukine nakarli gelee aahe asey mananara mahitisathi arjdar mahitee aayuktanna arj karoo shakato, jyanchyakade prakatikaran aadesh denyacha adhikar aahe. tathapi, asha aadeshanna vishesh nyayadhikaranakade (mahitee nyayadhikaran) apeal kele jaau shakate aanee kahee paristhitinmadhye, mahitee aayuktanchya aadeshanna adhorekhit karnyacha sarkarla adhikar aahe.
konatihi vyakti yaa kayadyantargat mahitichi vinanti karoo shakate; yamadhye kampanyansarkhya kayadeshir sansthancha samavesh aahe. vinantisathi konatehi vishesh swaroop nahee. arjdaranna vinanti kartana kayadyacha ullekh karanyachi aavashyakta nahee. arjdaranna tyanchya vinantiche kaaran sanganyachi garaj nahee.
suut.
yaa kayadyat jaree sarkari mahitichya vistrut shrenicha samavesh asala, taree yaa kayadyat vividh tartudi aahet jyaa vishisht prakarchya mahitichya prakatikaranapasun suut detat. yaa kayadyat done prakarchi suut aaheh konatyahi sarvajanik hitasathichya mulyankanachya adheen nasalelya "paripoorn" savalati, jyaa mahitichya prakatikaranasathi sampoorn adthale mhanoon kaam karatat; aanee jethe sarvajanik hitasathi chachani ghene aavashyak aahe asha "patra" savalati, jyamule mahitee ughad karnyatil sarvajanik hitasathi suut rakhanyat sarvajanik hitsambandh santulit hotat. mool mahitee swatantryachya shvetpatrikene asha 15 savalati prastavit kelya, parantu antim vidheyakat 24 samavisht hotya aanee suruvatichya 15 paiki serve samavisht navhate.
purn suut.
paripoorn savalati" mhanoon niyukt kelelya savalatinmadhye konatihi janahit chachani sanlagn keleli nahee. yaa kayadyat asha aath savalati aaheth
patra suut.
jarr mahitee patra savalatichya kakshet yet asel tarr tee janahit chachanichya adheen asane aavashyak aahe. asha prakare, patra suut lagoo karnyacha nirnay done tappyat chalato. pratham, sarvajanik pradhikaranane hii mahitee suut denyat aalee aahe qee nahee heey tharvane aavashyak aahe aanee nantar, jaree tee samavisht kelee gelee asali taree, sarvajanik heet chachanichya arjane sarvajanik heet ughad naan karnyas anukool asalyache soochit kele nahee toparyant pradhikaranane mahitee ughad karane aavashyak aahe. patra savalatinche aanakhi done shreninmadhye vibhajan kele jaau shakateh vishisht vargatil mahitee samavisht karnari varg-aadharit suut aanee mahitee ughad kelyane haanee houu shakate asha paristhiticha samavesh asaleli haanee-aadharit suut.
haanee-aadharit suut.
yaa savalatinkhali, jarr kalam 1 antargat shulkache palan kele tarr hii suut lagoo hote (janahit chachanichya adheen) kinwa honyachi shakyata aselah
vinantya nakarane.
trasdayak maganya.
vinanti trasdayak asalyas mahitichya vinantiche palan karnyas sarvajanik pradhikaran bandhil nahee (kalam 14 (1)). jarr vinanti 'weddy kinwa spashtapane avastav' asel, adhikaryanna tras dett asel kinwa tyanchya karmchanyanna tras dett asel, lakshaniy oze ladat asel kinwa vinantila konatehi gambhir moolya nasel tarr tee trasdayak manali jaate.
kayadyachi amalbajavani.
yaa kayadyamule sarkari vibhag, shaala aanee parishadansah 100,000 hoon adhik sarvajanik sansthanvar parinam hoto. 1 janewari 2005 roji lagoo jhalelya kayadyantargat sarvajanik mahiticha antim "samanya adhikar" aanee "pravesh milanyacha samanya adhikar" yamule haah kayada tappyatappyane lagoo jhaala. tasech yaa kayadyat sarvajanik adhikadhyanvar mahattvachi mahitee (jase qee varshik ahwal aanee khaatee) niyamitpane prakashit karnyasathi sakriy "prakashan yojana" swikaranyache aanee tyanchi dekhbhal karnyache kartavya aahe. yaa prakashan yojananna mahitee aayuktanchi manyata asane aavashyak aahe. sarvasadharanpane, mahitichya vinantila pratisad denyasathi sarvajanik pradhikaranankade 20 kamache divas asatat, jaree hii mudat kahee prakarananmadhye aanee/kinwa vinantikartyachya kararasah vadhavali jaau shakate. yaa kayadyantargat, sarvajanik adhikanyanna vinantikartyashi sanvad sadhanyasathi protsahit kele jaate jenekarun tyanna havee asaleli mahitee aanee teey tyanna havey asalelya swarupat-swatach, yookechya adhikadhyanchya janteshi sanvad sadhanyachya paddhatimadhye badal hoil. fayali shodhanyat ghalavalelya velesah, jarr vinantyanchi kimmat 600 paundanpeksha jaast asel tarr tyaa nakarlya jaau shakatat. vinanti hatalanyachya paddhatimadhye kendra sarkarmadhye satatya sunishchit karnyasathi yooke sarkarne mahitichya praveshasathi kendriya samashodhan gruh sthapan kele.
asamanya vaishishtye.
yooke mahitee swatantrya kayadyache teen pailu itar anek deshanmadhil sthitipeksha vegale aaheth
swagat.
kayada manjur honyachya velee, mahitee swatantrya kayadyache samarthak yaa vidheyakachi jatilata, maryadit vyapti aanee mantripadachya nakaradhikar samaveshasathi tikakar hote. laurd mackay yanni mantryanna arjanvar nakaradhikar thevanyachya tartudincha samavesh kelyabaddal haus auph lordsmadhye yaa vidheykavar 'daat nasalele' mhanoon teeka kelee.
yaulat, haah kayada manjur karnyasathi jababdar asalele pantpradhan toney blair yala "tyachya karkirditil sarvat mothya chukanpaiki eka" manatat. blair mhanato qee, "rajkiy netyansathi, heey tumchya dokyavar kathine marananya ekhadyala, 'arey, tyaeivaji heey vaparoon pahaa' aanee tyanna eka mullet denya sarkhe aahe. patrakarala jaanun ghenyachi utsukata asalyamule kinwa 'lokan' baddal dnyan denyasathi hii mahitee magitali jaat nahee. tyacha shastra mhanoon vapar keela jaato."kamgar samvayask laurd falkner yanni patrakaranni yaa kayadyacha vapar" masemari mohimansathi "nindaniy kathanmadhye kelyabaddal teeka kelee aahe, assa yuktivad keela aahe qee" "foi heey patrakaransathi nahee [,] teey lokansathi aahe". changlya sarkarla protsahan denyasathi tyacha yogya vapar karane aavashyak aahe. mahitee jababdarine hatalali jaane aavashyak aahe aanee mallah thampane vishvas aahe qee madhyamanchya vatinehi jababdariche kartavya aahe."
mahitiche swatantryah landgachya kapadyat eka mendhar?" yaa lekhat"rodney austin yaa kayadyachya saravar khaleel teeka karatoh
yaa kayadyavar "truti" sathee dekhil teeka kelee gelee aahe jyamule adhikanyanna vishisht paristhitinmadhye mahitee ughad karane talhata yete. eka sarvajanik pradhikaranachya malkichya kampanya samanyatah kayadyachya adheen asatat parantu done kinwa adhik sarvajanik adhikadhyanchya malkichya kampanya yaa kayadyat samavisht nasatat.
kayadyane ughad keleli tathye.
yaa kayadyane samore aanalelya tathyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
durusti vidheyak.
mahitee swatantrya (durusti) vidheyak heey 2007 madhye british haus auph commonsmadhye sadar kelele khajgi sadasyanche vidheyak hote jeey kayada bananyat ayashasvi tharale. emm. pii. ess. chya patravyavaharala mahitee swatantryachya kayadyanpasun suut aahe heey sunishchit karnyasathi puranmatvadi emm. pii. david mclean yanni heey vidheyak sadar kele. udarmatvadi lokshahivadi pakshache tatkalin nete surr menzies campbelle mhanale qee, "emm. pii. ess. sathee ekach kayada aanee itaransathi vegala kayada nasava" aanee heey vidheyak asey vatoo shakate qee "sansadet lapavanyasathi kahitari aahe". tathapi, heey haus auph lordsche pahile vachan paar karnyat ayashasvi tharale.
pudhe, laurd falknerne asey suchavale qee mahitee suut kalmantargat yete qee nahee heey tharvanyat ghalavalela vel 600 poundchya kharch maryadet samavisht keela pahije. yaa badalamule kharchat kapat hoil aanee kshullak mahitichya vinantyanna paravrutt kele jaeel asey sarkarne mhatale asale taree, jaree tikakaranni mhatale qee heey lajirvane mahitee gupt thevanyasathi hote, asey sallamasalat karnyat aalee.