gunatmak tulanatmak vishleshan

sankhyikimadhye, gunatmak tulanatmak vishleshan (kyu. see. aii.) heey parinamashi paristhiticha sambandh tapasanyasathi sanch siddhantavar aadharit deta vishleshan aahe. kyu. see. aii. aavashyak atty aanee puresha atinchya sandarbhat natesambandhanche varnan karate. heey tantra moolatah charles raggin yanni 1987 madhye resheey pratigaman vishleshanasathi khoop lahan parantu cross-cases vishleshanasathi mothe asalelya deta sanchancha abhyas karnyasathi vikasit kele hote.
tantracha saransh.
shrenibaddha chalanchya babatit, kyu. see. aii. chee suruvat serve prakarchya prakarananchi yadee karoon aanee mojoon hote, jithe pratyek prakarche prakaran tyachya swatantra aanee aashrit chalanchya mulyanchya adviteey sanyogadvare paribhashit kele jaate. udaharanarth, jarr vyaj asalele chaar shrenibaddha chull, {a, b, c, d} aanee a aanee b heey dvigunit (done moolye gheu shakatat) asateel, tarr c paach moolye gheu shakate aanee d teen gheu shakate, tarr chalanchya sambhavya sanyogandware nirdharit 60 sambhavya prakarchi nirikshane asateel, jee serve vastavik jeevanat aavashyakpane honar naheet. chalanchya 60 adviteey sanyojananpaiki pratyekasathi astitvat asalelya nirikshananchi sankhya mojoon, kyu. see. aii. heey nirdharit karoo shakate qee konate varnanatmak nishkarsh kinwa parinam deta sanchadvare anubhavjanyapane samarthit aahet. asha prakare, qcache input haah small-aine teey large-aine paryant konatyahi aakaracha deta sanch aahe aanee qcache output haah deta samarthit varnanatmak nishkarshancha kinwa parinamancha sanch aahe.
kyu. see. aii. chya pudhil tappyat, nishkarshanchi sankhya detadware samarthit nishkarshanchya kiman sanchaparyant sulabh karnyasathi kinwa qamee karnyasathi anumanatmak tarkshastra kinwa booliyan bijganit vaparale jaate. nishkarshanchya yaa qamee jhalelya sanchala kyu. see. aii. anuyayi "mukhya soochitarth" mhanatat. udaharanarth, jarr aaa aanee buub yaa atinchi upasthiti nehmich deechya vishisht mulyachya upasthitishi sambandhit asel, tarr seechya nirikshan kelelya mulyachi parva naan karata, see ghetalele moolya aprasangik aahe. asha prakare, aaa aanee buub yancha samavesh asalele serve paach nishkarsh aanee seechya paach mulyanpaiki konatyahi mulyanchi jaaga '(aaa aanee buub)' heey 'dii' chey vishisht moolya soochit karate, asha ekach varnanatmak nishkarshane ghetali jaau shakate.
kyu. see. aii. paddhatidvare prapt kelelya mahititoon milanare mukhya parinam kinwa varnanatmak nishkarsh karanatmak aahet heey siddha karnyasathi prakriya shodh, aupcharik tarkshastra, madhyavarti chull kinwa sthapit bahushakhiy dnyan yasarkhya dusarya paddhaticha vapar karoon karanatmak yantraneche astitva sthapit karane aavashyak aahe. hii paddhat samajik vidnyanat vaparali jaate aanee tee booliyan bijganitachya dwaiti tarkshastravar aadharit aahe aanee tapasat asalelya prakarananmadhye karata karata chalanchya serve sambhavya sanyojanancha vichar keela jaeel heey sunishchit karnyacha prayatna keela jaato.
prerana.
sambhavya chull sanyojanandware prakarananche prakar soochibaddha karnyache tantra tapaskartyanna serve sambhavya prakarananchya prakaranchi jaaniv karoon deuun prakarananchya nivadis madat karate, jyancha tapas karane aavashyak aahe, kiman, jarr teey astitvat asateel tarr, vishisht gruhitak tapasanyasathi kinwa vidyaman deta sanchatoon naveen nishkarsh kadhanyasathi. upalabdh nirikshane prakarananchi sampoorn sankhya tayar karatat asha paristhitit, hii paddhat chalanchya pratyek sanyojanache moolyankan karoon aanee tulana karoon nishkarsh kadhanyachi parvanagi deuun lahan aine samasya qamee karate. jevha vishleshanachya ekkanchi sankhya (udaa.jee. desh) upalabdh asane swabhavikpane maryadit aahe. udaharanarth, jyaa deshanmadhye vishleshanache ekak aahe, assa abhyas maryadit aahe, jyamadhye jagatil deshanchi sankhya maryadit aahe (200 peksha qamee), jee kahee (sambhavya) sankhyikeey tantransathi aavashyakatepeksha qamee aahe. tapasakhalil prakarananmadhye karata yenyajogya tulananchi sankhya jastit jaast karoon, sambhavya karananusar karanatmak nishkarsh kadhale jaatat. heey tantra anek karanatmak marg aanee parasparsanvadache parinam olakhoo dete jeey sankhyikeey vishleshanadvare shodhata yet naheet, jyasathi samanyatah eka pratimeshi susangat honyasathi tyachya deta sanch aavashyak asato. asha prakare, parimanatmak sankhyikeey vishleshanachya chachanichya namunyachya anurupatechya aadhi sahparivartananchya sanyogavar aadharit vishisht karanatmak margashi susangat asalelya deta sanchanche upasanch olakhanyachi hii pahili payari aahe; aanee gunatmak sanshodhakanna dawa kelelya nishkarshanchi vyapti teey vishleshan karatat tyaa nirikshananchya prakaraparyant yogyaritya maryadit karnyas madat karate.
teeka.
qcacha mool vapar asalelya "kurkurit-sanch" qca (csqca) saha heey eka tarkik (nirdharak) aanee sankhyikeey (sambhavya) tantra naslyamule, chalanchi keval done moolye asoo shakatat, jee samasyapradhan aahe kaaran sanshodhkala pratyek chalanchi moolye nishchit karavi lagatat. udaharanarth, sanshodhkala dardoi jee. dii. pii. done shreninmadhye vibhagavi lagate (udaa.jee. qamee = 0 aanee uchch = 1). parantu heey chull moolatah eka satat chull asalyane, vibhajan nehmich aniyantrit asel. dusari, sambandhit samasya ashee aahe qee heey tantra swatantra chalanchya sapeksh samarthyachya parinamache moolyankan karoo dett nahee (kaaran tyanchi keval done moolye asoo shakatat). ragin aanee lassey cronqvist sarkhya itar vidvananni, bahu-moolya kyu. see. aii. (emm. vhee. kyu. see. aii.) aanee fuzzy seet kyu. see. aii. (eff. ess. kyu. see. aii.) yasarkhi kyu. see. aii. chaa vistar karnari naveen sadhane vikasit karoon yaa samasyanna samore jaanyacha prayatna keela aahe. teepah bahu-moolya kyu. see. aii. heey fakt donpeksha jaast moolyansah shrenibaddha chull asalelya nirikshananvar lagoo kele jaate. kurkurit-sanch kyu. see. aii. heey bahu-moolya kyu. see. aii. chey vishesh prakaran manale jaau shakate.
sankhyikeey paddhatishastradnyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee kyu. see. aii. chey majboot gruhitak tyache nishkarsh najuk aanee prakar I trutisathi pravan asey donhi detat. syman hugg assa yuktivad karatat qee samajik vidnyanat nirdharak gruhitak aanee truti-mukt upay atyant durmil aahet aanee jarr konatyahi gruhitkanche ullanghan kele gele tarr qca parinamanchi najukta darshavinyasathi monte carlo simulationcha vapar karatat. criss crogslund, donghyun danny choi aanee mathias poertner heey pudhe darshavtat qee kyu. see. aii. chey parinam kirkol parametric aanee model-sanvedansheelata badalanprati atyant sanvedanshil asatat aanee prakar I trutisathi asurakshit asatat. bayer eff. bramoller pudhe kyu. see. aii. tantranchya kutumbachya prakar I truti aanee ekadhik nishkarsh yaa donhichya asurakshitatecha shodh gheto. bramoller null hypothesischi aupcharik chachani dekhil sadar karato aanee heey darshavito qee agadi khatrishir qca nishkarsh dekhil yogayogacha parinam asoo shakatat.
tikanna pratisad.
kyu. see. aii. heey sambhavya kinwa nishchitpane shrenibaddha chalanchya nirikshanansah kele jaau shakate. udaharanarth, varnanatmak nishkarsh kinwa nihitarthachya astitvache samarthan nishkarshasathi konatyahi prati-udaharan prakarananchya anupasthitine nishchitpane kele jaate; i.eae. jarr ekhada sanshodhak dawa karato qee x hii aut y hii aut soochit karate, tarr, nishchitpane, x hii aut asaleli konatihi prati-udaharan prakarane astitvat nasavit, parantu y hii aut nasavi. tathapi, jarr sanshodhkala assa dawa karayacha asel qee x hii sthitee y chee sambhavya 'bhavishyasuchak' aahe, tarr ashach prakarchya itar prakarananmadhye, ulat udaharan prakarananche praman aanee samaan sanyojan asalelya prakarananchya pramanatil nishkarshache praman, udaharanarth 80 takke kinwa tyahoon adhikchya threshold mulyavar seet kele jaau shakate. kyu. see. aii. tyachya tarkik anuman qamee karnyachya prakriyedvare parinam karato, asha pratyek mukhya parinamasathi, 'coverage'-tyaa parinam kinwa nishkarsh nishkarsh serve nirikshananpaiki takkewari-aanee 'susangatata'-avalambun asalelya chull kinwa parinamache vishisht moolya asalelya chalanchya tyaa sanyojanashi susangat nirikshananchi takkewari-ganana kelee jaate aanee nondavali jaate aanee asha shodhatmak sambhavya nishkarshachya samarthyache soochak mhanoon vaparali jaau shakate. vastavik jivanatil guntaguntichya samajik prakriyanmadhye, karanatmak andajak shodhanyasathi kyu. see. aii. vishisht utpadan moolyashi satatyane sambandhit asalelya paristhitichya anek sanchanchi olakh patavanyas saksham karate.
fuzzy seet kyu. see. aii. chey uddisht jee. dii. pii. prati vyakti yasarkhya chalanna hatalane aahe, jethe varganchi sankhya, aarthik ekkanchi dashansh moolye, emm. vhee. kyu. see. aii. vaparnyasathi khoop mothee hotat kinwa prakaranatil vargikaranat anishchitata kinwa sandigdhata kinwa mojamapat truti asalyas tee manya karane aavashyak asate.
vaparachi kshetre.
kyu. see. aii. chaa vapar aata rajyashastrapeksha anek adhik kshetranmadhye keela jaat aahe, jyachya paddhaticha pratham vikas raginane keela. aaj hii paddhat khaleel goshtinmadhye vaparali gelee aaheh

