dimitri mendeleev

dimitra ivanovic mendeleave (kadhikadhi mendeleave, mendeleave kinwa mendeleaf mhanoon lipyantaran kele jaate;,;;; 8 februwari [oo.ess. 27 janewari] 18342 februwari [oo.ess. 20 janewari 1907) heey russian rasayanshastradnya aanee shodhak hote. teey aavart niyam tayar karnyasathi aanee ghatakanchya aavart saranichi aavrutti tayar karnyasathi prasiddha aahet. tyane niyatkalik niyamacha vapar keval uraniumche sanyojakatv aanee anubhar yasarkhya kahee dnyat ghatakanche tatkalin sweekrut gunadharm durust karnyasathich keela nahee, tarr adyap shodhale gelele teen ghatak (germanium, gallium aanee scandium) yanchya gunadharmancha andaj lavnyasathi dekhil keela.
prarambhik jeevan.
mendeleevcha janm cyberiatil tobolskjavalachya varkhni aremziani gavat (1783-1847) aanee maria dimitriyevna mendeliwa (nee corneliva) (1793-1850) yanna jhaala. ivan yanni shaleche pracharya aanee tambov aanee saratov vyayamshalanmadhye lalit qalaa, rajkaran aanee tattvadnyanache shikshak mhanoon kaam kele. ivanche vadil, pavel maximovic sokolov, heey tware pradeshatil eka russian rudhivadi pujari hote. tyaa kalatil kalatil paramparenusar, dharamshastriy shikshan sansthet upasthit asatana pavelchya mulanna naveen kautumbik nave denyat aalee, jyat ivanla sthanik jamindarachya navavarun mendeleave heey kautumbik naav denyat aale.
maria cornelieva hii tobolsk tobolsk eka suprasiddha kutumbatoon aalee hotee, jee pahilya cyberian mudrangruhachi sansthapak hotee, jyanni 17 vya shatkatil eka shrimant vyapari banalela posad manus yakov corneliev yachyapasun tyanchya purvajancha shodh lavala. 1889 madhye, eka sthanik granthapalane tobolsk vruttapatrat eka lekh prakashit keela jyamadhye tyane dawa keela qee yakov haah baptisma ghetalela tellute hota, joou tyaa velee 'white kalmik' mhanoon olakhala jaanara vanshik alpasankhyak hota. konatehi srot puravale gele naslyamule aanee yakovchya jivanatil konatihi dastaivajikaran keleli tathye kadhihi ughad jhaali naslyamule, charitrakar samanyatah tee eka mithak mhanoon fetalun lavtat. 1908 madhye, mendeleevchya mrutyunantar lagechach, tyachya eka bhachine kautumbik itihas prakashit keela. dii baddalchya aathvani. aay. mendeleevne 'jithe tine mariyachya aajobambaddal' kautumbik aakhyayika 'vyakt kelee, jyanni' kyrgyz kinwa tatar saundaryashi lagn kele, jyavar tyache itake prem hote qee jevha tee maran pavali, tevha too dekhil dukkhane maran pavala.  tathapi, heey dastaivajikaran kelelya kautumbik itihasachya viruddha aahe aanee tyapaiki konatyahi aakhyayikes mendeleevche aatmcharitra, tyachya muliche kinwa tyachya patniche sansmaran samarthan dett nahee. tarihi kahee pashchatya vidwan ajunahi mendeleevchya tathakathit 'mangol', 'tatar', 'tartarian' kinwa fakt 'ashiyai' vanshavalicha sandarbh vastusthiti mhanoon detat.
mendeleave eka rudhivadi khrishchan mhanoon vadhala, tyachi aaee tyala "dhairyane daivi aanee vaidnyanik satyacha shodh ghenyas" protsahit karat hotee. tyacha mulga nantar teela sangayacha qee too church sodoon gela aanee tyane 'pranayramya devvad' chaa eka prakar swikarla.
mendeleave haah 17 bhavandanpaiki sarvat lahan hota, jyapaiki keval 14 baptisma ghenyasathi jiwant rahile, asey mendeleevcha bhau pavel mhanato, mhanje itarancha tyanchya janmanantar lagechach mrutyu jhaala. mendeleevchya bhavandanchi achook sankhya strotannusar vegali aahe aanee ajunahi kahee aitihasik vadacha vishay aahe. durdaivane kutumbachya aarthik kalyanasathi, tyache vadil andh jhaale aanee tyanni tyanche adhyapanache padd gamavale. tyachya aaeela kaam karnyas bhag padale gele aanee tine tichya kutumbacha sodoon dilela kachecha karkhana punha suru keela. vayachya 13 vya varshi, tyachya vadilanche nidhan jhalyanantar aanee tyachya aaichya karkhanyala lagalelya aagit tyacha naash jhalyanantar, mendeleave tobolskmadhil vyayamshalet gela.
1849 madhye, tyachya aaeene mosco vidyapithat mendeleevechi nondani karnyachya uddeshane russiachya palikade cyberiapasun moscoparyant mendeleevela nele. moscochya vidyapithane tyala sweekarle nahee. aaee aanee mulga seent pietersbergparyant vadilanchya matrubhumiparyant rahile. aatache garib mendeleave kutumb seent pietersberg yethe sthalantarit jhaale, jithe tyanni 1850 madhye mukhya shaikshanik sansthet pravesh keela. padvi ghetalyanantar, tyanna kshayrog jhaala, jyamule teey 1855 madhye kalya samudrachya uttar uttar crimean dweepkalpat gele. tethe asatana, teey pahilya sympheropol vyayamshaleche vidnyan master banale. 1857 madhye, teey purnapane purvavat jhalelya aarogyasah seent pietersbergla paratale.
1859 teey 1861 darmyan, tyanni dravpadarthachi keshikiyata aanee hydelbergmadhil spectroscopechya karyavar kaam kele. nantar 1861 madhye tyanni 'sendriya rasayanshastra' navache pathyapustak prakashit kele. yamule tyanna pietersberg academy auph sciencescha demidov puraskar midala.
4 april 1862 roji, tyacha nikhichichana leshevashi sakharpuda jhaala aanee tyanni 27 april 1862 roji seent pietersbergmadhil (jithe tyanni shikavale) nikkolev abhiyantriki sansthechya charchmadhye lagn kele.
mendeleave anukrame 1864 aanee 1865 madhye seent pietersberg technological institute aanee seent pietersberg steet universitymadhye pradhyapak jhaale. 1865 madhye, 'alcoholes panyachya sanyogavar' tyanchya prabandhasathi teey vidnyanache doctor jhaale. 1867 madhye tyanni seent. pietersberg vidyapith aanee woscressenskichya nantar yaa padavar asatana ajaivik rasayanshastra shikavanyas suruvat kelee; 1871 paryant, tyanni seent pietersbergche rasayanshastra sanshodhanasathi aantarrashtriy staravar manyataprapt kendra mhanoon rupantar kele hote.
aavart sarani.
1863 madhye, 56 dnyat ghatak hote jyat eka naveen ghatak darvarshi andaje eka darane shodhala jaat hota. itar shastradnyanni purvi ghatakanchi niyatkalikta olakhali hotee. johnn newlandsney ashtakachya niyamache varnan kele, 1864 madhye sapeksh anubharanusar tyanchi niyatkalikta nondavun, 1865 madhye prakashit kelee. tyachya prastavane germaniumsarkhya naveen ghatakanchi kshamata olakhali. yaa sankalpanevar teeka jhaali aanee 1887 paryant rasayanshastradnyanchya samajane tyachya navkalpanala manyata dilee nahee. aavart sarani prastavit karnari dusari vyakti lother meyer hotee, jine 1864 madhye 28 ghatakanche varnan karnara eka pepper prakashit keela, jyat tyanchya sanyojakatedware vargikrut kele gele hote, parantu naveen ghatakanche konatehi andaj navhate.
1867 madhye shikshak banalyanantar, mendeleevne 'rasayanshastrachi tattve' () lihili, jee tyaa kalatil nishchit pathyapustak bunley. 1868 teey 1870 darmyan too done khandanmadhye prakashit jhaala aanee mendeleevne too tyachya abhyaskramasathi pathyapustakachi tayari karat asatana lihila. yach velee tyanni tyancha sarvat mahattvacha shodh lavala. jevha tyane ghatakanche tyanchya rasayanik gunadharmannusar vargikaran karnyacha prayatna keela, tevha tyachya lakshat aale qee jyaa namunyanmule tyala tyache aavart sarani gruheet dharata aalee; tyane swapnatil ghatakanchya sampoorn vyavasthechi kalpana kelyacha dawa kelah
1860 chya dashakat suru asalelya aavart saranivaril aadhichya kamachi mahitee nasalyane tyanni khaleel takta tayar kelah
yaa namunyanusar atirikt ghatak jodoon, mendeleevne aavart saranichi tyachi vistarit aavrutti vikasit kelee. 6 march 1869 roji, tyanni russian rasayanik samajasamor 'ghatakanchya anubharanchya gunadharmanmadhil avalambitva' yaa shirshakakhali eka aupcharik sadarikaran kele, jyat anoobhar (aata 'sapeksh anoobhar' mhanoon olakhala jaato) aanee sanyojakta yaa donhinusar ghatakanche varnan kele gele. yaa sadarikaranat mhatale aahe qee
mendeleevne serve dnyat ghatakanchi aavart sarani prakashit kelee aanee russian bhashetil niyatkalikat takta purn karnyasathi anek naveen ghatakancha andaj vartavala. kahee mahinyanantarach, myerne german bhashetil niyatkalikat eka jawaljawal samaan sarani prakashit kelee. jyala tyane ekasilikan, acaluminium aanee ekaboron (anukrame germanium, gallium aanee scandium) mhatale aahe tyachya gunadharmancha achook andaj lavnyacha farak mendeleevela aahe.
mendeleevne kahee dnyat ghatakanchya gunadharmanmadhye badal prastavit kele. tyachya kamapurvi, uraniummadhye valence 3 aanee anoo vajan sumare 120 asave asey manale jaat hote. mendeleevela samajale qee hii moolye tyachya aavart saranimadhye basat naheet aanee valence 6 aanee anoo vajan 240 (238 chya aadhunik mulyachya jawal) yaa donhinmadhye duppat jhaali.
tyachya andajit teen ghatkansathi, tyane eka, davee aanee tri (sanskrut eka, done, teen) yaa upasargancha tyanchya navanmadhye vapar keela. mendeleevne sadhya swikarlelya kahee anoo vajananvar prashnachinh upasthit kele (tyaa velee teey keval tulanene qamee achookatene mojale jaau shakat hote), tyanni tyachya niyatkalik niyamane suchavalelya mojamapashi teey susangat naheet yakade laksh vedhale. tyanni namood kele qee telluriumche anubhar aayodinpeksha jaast aahe, parantu tyanni tyanna yogya kramane thewale, chukiche andaj lavat qee tyaa velee swikarlele anubhar doshpurn hote. dnyat lanthanides kuthe thevayache yabaddal too gondhaloon gela aanee tablower aanakhi eka panktichya astitvacha andaj vartavala joou actinides hota joou anoo vajanat sarvat judd hota. aanakhi ghatak asateel assa andaj vartavalyabaddal kahee lokanni mendeleevela barkhast kele, parantu 1875 aanee 1886 madhye anukrame gaa (gallium) aanee jee (germanium) sapadale, jeey done gahal jaganmadhye purnapane basalele hote tevha teey barobar asalyache siddha jhaale.
haravalelya" ghatakanchi nave denyasathi sanskrut upasargancha vapar karoon, mendeleevne pracheen bharatatil sanskrut vyakarankarankade aapale runa nondavale asel, jyanni tyanchya bolanyachya dhvanichya dvimiteey namunyanchya shodhavar aadharit bhasheche siddhant tayar kele hote (paninichya sanskrut vyakaranatil shivasutrandvare udaharan dile jaate). mendeleave haah sanskratvadi oto wonn bohtalingkacha mitra aanee sahkari hota, joou yach kalat paninivaril tyachya pustakachi dusari aavrutti tayar karat hota aanee mendeleevela tyachya namkaranane paninicha sanman karanyachi ichcha hotee.
mendeleevne tayar kelela mool masuda anek varshannantar sapadel aanee 'ghatakanchi tatpurati pranali' yaa navane prakashit hoil."
dimitri mendeleave yanna anekada aavart saraniche janak mhanoon sambodhale jaate. tyane tyachya tablela kinwa matrixla 'aavartak pranali' asey naav dile.
nantarche jeevan.
1876 madhye, tyala annah ivanova popovache waid lagale aanee tyane teela prem karnyas suruvat kelee; 1881 madhye tyane teela propose kele aanee tine nakar dilyas aatmahatya karanyachi dhamki dilee. 1882 chya suruvatila popovashi (2 april roji) lagn kelyanantar eka mahinyanantar leshchevashi tyacha ghatasfot nishchit jhaala. ghatasfotanantarhi, mendeleave tantrikdrushtya eka vishalatavadi hota; russian orthodox charchala kayadeshir punarvivah karnyapurvi kiman saat varshe aavashyak hotee. tyacha ghatasfot aanee tyachya aaspaschya vadamule tyala russian academy auph sciencemadhye pravesh milanyat apayash aale (toparyant tyachi aantarrashtriy khyatee asoonahi). tyachya tyachya lagnapasoonchi tyachi mulgi, leubov, prasiddha russian kavee alekzandar blockchi patni bunley. tyachi itar mule mhanje mulga vladimir (eka navik, tyane nicolaus dusarachya ullekhaneey purvekadil pravasat bhag ghetala) aanee mulgi olga, tyachya pahilya lagnapasoon aanee mulga ivan aanee annapasoon jule.
jaree mendeleevela sampoorn europemadhil vaidnyanik sanghatananni mothya pramanavar sanmanit kele hote, jyat (1882 madhye) londonchya royal sosayatikadun davy padak (jyane nantar tyanna 1905 madhye kopali padakahi dile), tyanni 17 august 1890 roji seent pietersberg vidyapithatun rajinama deela. 1892 madhye teey royal societyche (formers) paradeshi sadasya mhanoon nivadle gele aanee 1893 madhye tyanchi vajan aanee mojmap beuroche sanchalak mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, jeey padd tyanni mrutyuparyant bhushavale hote.
mendeleevne petroleumchya rachanecha dekhil tapas keela aanee rashiyatil pahile teel shuddhikaran shodhanyat madat kelee. petrochemicalsasathi khadyapadarth mhanoon petroleumche mahatva tyanni olakhale. indhan mhanoon petroleum jaalane heey "banq notanni svayampakgharatil stove fodanya sarkhe asel", yaa tippaniche shrey tyanna dile jaate.
1905 madhye, mendeleave royal swedish academy auph sciencecha sadasya mhanoon nivadala gela. pudhchya varshi rasayanshastrachya nobel samiteene swedish akadameela, mendeleevela tyachya niyatkalik pranalichya shodhasathi 1906 sathee rasayanshastratil nobel puraskar denyachi shifaras kelee. swedish akadamichya rasayanshastra vibhagane yaa shifarshila pathimba deela. akadameene jawaljawal pratyek babatit kelyapramane, samitichya nivadila manjuri dyaychi hotee. anpekshitpane, akadamichya purn baithakit, nobel samiticha asahmat sadasya pieter classon yane heinry moisonchya umedvaricha prastav mandala, jyala tyane pasanti dilee. rasayanshastrasathichya nobel samiticha sadasya nasla taree swante arheniyasacha akadameevar motha prabhav hota aanee tyane mendeleevchya nakarasathi dabav aanala, assa yuktivad karat qee 1906 madhye tyacha shodh manya karnyasathi niyatkalik pranali khoop junie hotee. samkalinanchya matey, arhenius tyachya arheniyasachya pruthakkaran siddhantavaril tikela mendeleevchya virodhamule prerit hota. garmagaram vadavivadanantar, akadamichya bahusankhya sadasyanni moisonchi eka matachya farkane nivad kelee. 1907 madhye mendeleevela namankit karnyache prayatna punha ekada arheniyasachya sampoorn virodhamule nirash jhaale.
1907 madhye, mendeleave yanche vayachya 72 vya varshi seent pietersberg yethe influenzamule nidhan jhaale, joou tyanchya 73 vya vadhadivsachya fakt 6 divasanvar hota. tyanche shevatche shabd tyanchya doctoranna hoteh "doctor, tumchyakade vidnyan aahe, majha vishvas aahe", jeey kadachit jewels varneche uddharan aahe.
itar kamgiri.
mendeleevne rasayanshastrat itar mahattvache yogdan dile. russian rasayanshastradnya aanee vidnyan itihaskar lev chugev yanni tyanche varnan 'pratibhavan rasayanshastradnya, pratham shreniche bhautikshastradnya, jaal-gatishastra, havamanshastra, bhoogarbhshastra, rasayanik tantradnyanachya kahee shakha (sphotake, petroleum aanee indhan, udaharanarth) aanee rasayanshastra aanee bhautikshastrala lagoon asalelya itar shakhanmadhil faldayi sanshodhak, sarvasadharanpane rasayanik udyog aanee udhyogache sakhol tadnya aanee arthvyavastha kshetratil mool vicharvant' asey kele."1869 madhye, mendeleave heey russian chemical societychya sansthapakanpaiki eka hote. tyanni sanrakshanvadi vyaparacha siddhant aanee sarav aanee shetivar kaam kele.
etherchya rasayanik sankalpanechya prayatnat, tyanni eka gruhitak mandale qee hydrogenpeksha qamee anoo vajanache done nishkriy rasayanik ghatak astitvat aahet. yaa done prastavit ghatakanpaiki, tyala vatale qee prakash haah serve-pravesh karnara, sarvavyapi vayoo aahe aanee thoda judd asalela ghatak prastavit ghatak, 'coronium' aahe.
mendeleevne khoop abhyas keela aanee upay mhanoon asha anishchit sanyuganche swaroop nishchit karnyasathi mahattvapoorn yogdan dile.
bhautik rasayanshastrachya dusarya vibhagat, tyanni ushnatesah dravanchya vistaracha tapas keela aanee vayunchya vistarachya eksamantechya geey-lusackchya niyamapramane eka sootra tayar kele, tarr 1861 madhye tyanni thomas andrewschya vayunchya gambhir tapmanachya sankalpanecha andaj vartavala, jyaa tapmanavar vashpikaranachi ekatmata aanee ushnata shoonyachya barobarichi hote aanee daab aanee aakarmanachi parva naan karata drav bashpat badalate.
russian samrajyat metrik pranali suru karnyache shrey mendeleevela dile jaate.
tyane nitrocellulosever aadharit eka prakarchi dhuaanvirahit puud 'pyrocolodian' chaa shodh lavala. heey kaam russian naudalane suru kele hote, jyane matra tyacha vapar swikarla nahee. 1892 madhye mendeleevne tyache utpadan aayojit kele.
mendeleevne petroleumchya utpatticha abhyas keela aanee nishkarsh kadhala qee hydrocarbons heey abiogenic aahet aanee pruthvichya aat kholvar tayar hotat-abiogenic petroleumche mool pahaa.
tyanni lihileh "lakshaniy vastusthiti ashee aahe qee petroleumcha janm pruthvichya kholvar jhaala hota aanee tethech aapan tyache mool shodhale pahije."(dimitra mendeleave, 1877)
rasayanshastrachya palikade kriyakalap.
1870 chya dashakachya suruvatila, tyanni russian udhyogache pailu aanee krishi utpadaktetil tantrik samasyankade laksh deuun rasayanshastrachya palikade mothya pramanat prakashit kele. tyanni jansankhyikiy samasyancha shodh ghetala, arctic samudracha prayojit abhyas keela, rasayanik khatanchi parinamkarakta mojanyacha prayatna keela aanee vyapari naudlala protsahan dile. pensylvaniatil adhik pragat udhyogashi tapshilvar tulana karoon, teey russian petroleum udyog sudharanyasathi visheshtah sakriy hote. jaree arthshastracha paya neat neat navhata, taree tyanni tyanchya sampoorn european pravasadarmyan udhyogache nirikshan kele hote aanee 1891 madhye tyanni russian baal udhyoganna chalana denyachya uddeshane tatpurte darr ladanyasathi arth mantralayala patvoon denyat madat kelee.
1890 madhye tyanni seent pietersberg yetheel pradhyapakpadacha rajinama deela. pietersberg vidyapithat vidyapithatil vidyarthyanvaril vagnukibabat shikshan mantralayachya mantralayachya vaad jhalyanantar. 1892 madhye tyanna russiachya kendriya vajan aanee mojmap vibhagache sanchalak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee tyanni moolbhut pratikruti aanee mapan prakriya pramanit karnyacha marg mokala keela. tyane eka tapasani pranali sthapan kelee aanee russiamadhye metrik pranalichi suruvat kelee.
aadhyatmikatechya vaidnyanik davyanvirodhat tyanni vadavivad keela aanee assa yuktivad keela qee aadhyatmik aadarshavad haah adnyani andhavishvasapeksha adhik kahee nahee. russian sanskratit adhyatmachi vyapak sweekruti aanee vidnyanachya abhyasavar tyache nakaratmak parinam yabaddal tyanni shoke vyakt keela.
vodka pauranik katha.
eka atishay lokpriy russian katha, mendeleevela vodakyache 40 takke manak samarthya nishchit karnyache shrey dete. udaharanarth, russian manak vodka jahirat karatoh "1894 madhye, serve rashiyatil mahan shastradnya dimitri mendeleave yanna russian vodka sathee shahee gunavatta manak nishchit karnyacha aadesh midala aanee 'russian manak' janmala aala" itaranni "1894 madhye mendeleave yanchya netrutvakhalil shahee sarkari aayogane manjur kelelya russian vodakachya sarvoch gunavattecha ullekh keela".
kharey tarr, 40 takke manak russian sarkarne 1843 madhye aadhich suru kele hote, jevha mendeleave nauu varshancha hota. 1892 madhye mendeleave seent pietersbergmadhil vajan aanee mojamapachya sangrahalayache pramukh banale aanee pudhchya varshi teey sarkari karyalay mhanoon vikasit jhaale heey kharey aahe, parantu tyaa sansthevar russian vyapar vajan aanee mojmap upkarananche pramanikaran karnyacha aarop thevanyat aala, konatehi utpadan gunavatta manke nishchit naan karata. tasech, mendeleevchya 1865 chya doctorate prabandhala 'alcohole aanee panyachya sanyojanavar eka pravachan' asey shirshak denyat aale hote, parantu tyat keval 70 takkyanhun adhik vaidyakeey-samarthya alcoholchya sandratevar charcha karnyat aalee aanee tyanni vodakabaddal kadhihi kahihi lihile nahee.
smaranotsav.
anek thikane aanee vastoo shastradnyanchya navanshi aanee kamgirishi sambandhit aahet.
seent pietersbergmadhye tyache naav dii. aay. mendeleev institute phaur metrology, hii rashtriy metrology sanstha, achook mojmapansathi rashtriy aanee jaagtik manke sthapit karane aanee tyanna samarthan dene hatalate. tyachya shejari tyanche eka smarak aahe jyat tyanchi basaleli moorti aanee aasthapanechya bhintivar tyanchya aavart saraniche chitran aahe.
baaraa collegia imaratit, aata seent pietersberg rajya vidyapithache kendra aanee mendeleevchya kalat-mukhya shaikshanik sansthemadhye-tyachya sangrahansah demetry mendeleevcha smarak sangrahalay apartment aahe. hyachya samoril rastyala tyachya navavarun mendelivskya linia (mendeleev line) asey naav denyat aale aahe.
moscomadhye, dii aahe. russiachya rasayanik tantradnyanache mendeliyev vidyapith.
mendelivium, jeey emm. dii. (purvi emm. vhee.) aanee anukramank 101 heey chinh asalele eka krutrim rasayanik ghatak aahe, tyala mendeleevche naav denyat aale. haah actinide maliketil eka dhatucha kiranotsargi transuranic ghatak aahe, joou samanyatah alfa kanansah einsteiniumvar bombfake karoon sanshleshit keela jaato.
khanij mendelevite-seey, yala 2010 madhye mendeleevchya sanmanarth naav denyat aale. sambandhit prajati mendelevite-aine. dii., chey varnan 2015 madhye karnyat aale hote.
chandrachya durchya bajula sthit asalelya chandravar parinam parinam mothya mothya mendeleevche navahi shastradnyache aahe.
1965 pasoon russian academy auph sciencessne adhunmadhun mendeleave suvarnapadak dile aahe.
8 februwari 2016 roji gugalane dmeathry mendeleevcha 182 vaa vadhadivas dudaldware sajra keela.

