sarkarchi chauthi shakha

amerikechya rajkaranat, sarkarchi chauthi shakha hii eka anadhikrut sandnya aahe jee amerikechya sanvidhanat (vidhimandal, karyakari aanee nyayik) paribhashit kelelya americi federal sarkarchya teen shakhanchya jaagi prabhav padnare kinwa karya karnare gut kinwa sanstha mhanoon vegvegalya prakare olakhali jaate. prabhav yogya aahe qee ayogya kinwa krutee changlya kinwa vaitasathi aahet yabaddalache vichar dekhil bhinn asatat.
asha gatanmadhye prasarmadhyame ('chauthya vasahati' pasoon prasthan mhanoon), lock (ekoon kinwa bhavya nirnayak mhanoon) aanee swarasya gatancha samavesh asoo shakato. united states sarkarchya swatantra prashasakeey sanstha, tantrikdrushtya teen shakhanpaiki konatyahi eka shakhecha bhag asalya taree, tyanna 'chauthi shakha' mhanoon dekhil sambodhale jaau shakate.
press.
chauthi malmatta' haah shabd 'vruttpatra' chya swatantryavar jore denyasathi vaparla jaato, tarr 'chauthi shakha' asey suchavate qee patrakarita sarkarpasoon swatantra nahee. chauthi shakha mhanoon vrutt madhyame kinwa prasarmadhyamanchi sankalpana, lokshahichya nirogi karyasathi janatela mahitee denyachi madhyamanchi jababdari aavashyak aahe yaa vishvasatoon udbhavate.
douglus catterne 1959 madhye 'sarkarchya chauthya shakhet' asey gruheet dharale qee patrakarita hii 'vastavik', 'sarkarchi chauthi shakha' bunley aahe aanee american rajkiy chaukatichi shithilata aahe jyamule vrutt madhyamanna 'sarkarchi dusari shakha mhanoon swatahla samavisht karanyachi' parvanagi midali. caterla khatri patali qee, prasarmadhyame eka kharaa rajkiy kheladu mhanoon (rajkaranacha nihpakshapati nirikshak mhanoon navhe tarr) kaam karat asatana, tyanni swatahla bhrasht kele aanee mahatvachi mahitee pohochavane aanee tyanchya hakkanvaril serve atikramankartyanviruddha janatesathi eka nihpakshapati paharekari mhanoon kaam karane yaa tyanchya prathamik jababdaripasun teey margbhrasht jhaale."
1985 madhye, walter annenbergne namood kele qee anek bhashyakar 'sarkarchi chauthi shakha' haah shabd prasarmadhyamanvar lagoo karat hote, heey soochit karnyasathi qee itar teen shakhanpeksha sarvajanik dhoran nirdeshit karnyacha kiman titkach adhikar tyanchyakade aahe, kahee pramanat kaaran tyacha janteshi thet sampark aanee tyache sanrakshn "teey jeey ahwal detat tyachya jababdaripasun pahilya durustidware".
lokanchi.
nyaymurti antonin scalia yanche bahumat mutt 'united states wii. williams mhanale, "1992 saalee grand juriescha ullekh sarkarchi chauthi shakha mhanoon keela gela. tyaa matey, skaliyane lihileh
[tii] grand juriecha ullekh hakkanchya vidheyakat aahe, parantu sanvidhanachya mukhya bhagamadhye nahee. tyamule pahilya teen lekhanmadhye varnan kelelya konatyahi shakhela teey likhitaritya niyukt kelele nahee. too 'swatachya adhikarat eka ghatanatmak aadhar aahe' [prakaran uddhrut karate]. kharey tarr tyachya karyacha sampoorn siddhant assa aahe qee too sansthatmak sarkarchya konatyahi shakhecha nahee, joou sarkar aanee lokanmadhye eka prakarcha snrakshak kinwa punch mhanoon kaam karato.
kahinni yacha vapar fasavanuk aanee bhrashtachar ughad karnyasathi samanya kayadyachya grand juriechi magani karnyasathi keela aahe, mug too nyayik kinwa rajkiy kshetrat asso."
itaranni collmadhye hii sandnya vaparali aahe, udaa.chh, yachika kinwa sarvmat prakriyedvare "lokanna saksham karane" kinwa tyachpramane, electoral college kadhoon takane, eae-matdan aanee itar upayayojananchi amalbajavani karoon "aaplya prashasanat vyapak aanee adhik thet sahbhag".
swarasya gut.
sarkarchi chauthi shakha' yaa shirshakachya lekhat, center phaur public integrityche elex nott yanni 2005 madhye thampane sangitale qee, 'vishesh hitsambandh aanee teey niyukt karatat asha lobbystsney 1998 pasoon congress, white haus aanee 200 hoon adhik federal agencinver prabhav taknyasathi ekoon $13 abj kharch kelyachi nond kelee aahe."
prashasakeey sanstha.
sarvajanik paishatoon nidhi puravilya puravilya prashasakeey sanstha congressne dilelya adhikarancha vapar karoo shakatat. yogya niyantran aanee dekharekhishivay yaa paddhaticha parinam nokarshahimadhye houu shakato (mool shabdasha arthane). kahee tikakaranni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, amerikechya rajkiy vyavasthechya kendrasthani asalela eka kendriya virodhabhas mhanje, sarkarchya prashasakeey sansthanche vaishishtya asalelya, tikakaranchya matey, lokshahivar avalambun rahane, jee lokshahichya adhisamanya nokarshahi sanstha aahet.
prashasakeey sansthanna sarkarchi "chauthi shakha" mhananyasathi kelela yuktivad mhanje asha sanstha samanyatah ekach nokarshahi sansthemadhye ghatanatmakdrushtya vibhajit kelelya tinhi adhikarancha vapar karatatah mhanje, sanstha niyukt niyam banavanyachya pradhikaranachya madhyamatoon kayade karatat (sanvidhanadvare keval vidhimandalamadhye nihit asalele adhikar); asha niyamanchi chaukashi karatat, amalbajavani karatat aanee amalbajavani karatat (jyaa karyakari adhikarandware yaa sanstha samanyatah sanghatit kelya jaatat); aanee asha niyamanche (nyayik shakhet swatantrapane nihit asalele adhikar) palan lagoo karatat, arth lavtat aanee lagoo karatat. yavyatirikt, bigger-karyakari kinwa "swatantra" prashasakeey sansthanna anekada sarkarchi chauthi shakha mhatale jaate, kaaran tyaa kayadyachya prabhavane niyam tayar karatat, tarihi kiman anshatah khajgi, bigger-sarkari ghatakanchi rachana kelee jaau shakate.
jawalun sambandhit sankalpana.
bobb jesap yanni tyanchya 'daad state past, current, future' yaa pustakat teen rachnanmadhye samya nondavale aaheh
prati englehardt "shastriyadrushtya,... sarkarchya teen shakha... satta kadhihi kendrikrut honar nahee yasathi ekmekanna tapasayache aanee samtol sadhayche hote.... sansthapakanni (kadhihi kalpana kelee navhati) qee, sampoorn guptatechya vatavaranat sattechya kendrikaranasathi samarpit, 'sarkarchi chauthi shakha', rashtriy suraksha rajya udayas yeil. 9/11 nantarchya varshant, tyane itar teen shakha lakshaniyaritya aatmasat kelya aahet."

