
phillip jose shetkari

phillip jose farmer (26 janewari 1918-25 februwari 2009) heey eka american lekhak hote, jeey tyanchya kalpanik vidnyan katha aanee kalpanaramya kadambya aanee laghukathansathi olakhale jaatat.
shetkari tyachya kadambyanchya anukramasathi, visheshtah 'world auph tears' (1965-93) aanee 'reverworld' (1971-83) malikesathi prasiddha aahe. tyanchya karyat laingik aanee dharmik sankalpanancha agraganya vapar, prasiddha palp nayakanchya kalpanebaddalache tyanche aakarshan aanee punarnirmiti aanee kalpanik patrandvare lihilelya sadabahar navanchya topananavit kamansathi teey prasiddha aahet. shetkari anekada tyachya junya neuton kautumbik pustakandware chitrit vastavik aanee abhijat kalpanik patre aanee jug aanee vastavik aanee banavat lekhak yanche mishran karato, jeey abhijat kalpanik patranna parkeey katamule vastavik lock aanee rakt natevaik mhanoon jodatat. daad adar logg auph philias fogg' (1973) aanee '(1973)' yasarkhya kadambya sahityik mashup kadambyanchee suruvatichi udaharane aahet.
sahityik samikshak lesley fiddler yanni shetkanyachi tulana reey bradburyshee kelee, aanee doghanche varnan prantiy american abhijat mhanoon kele, jeey '[vidnyan katha] swarupachya abhijat maryadanvar taana ghetat', parantu shetkari tyachya kshamatesathi vishisht asalyache aadhalale, 'ekach velee bhola aanee tyachya dharamshastra, ashlilata aanee sahasachya vichitra mishranamadhye atyadhunik."
charitra.
shetkyacha janm north terre haut, indiana yethe jhaala. sahkari fredrick polchya matey, tyache madhale naav jossy yaa mavshichya sanmanarth hote. shetkari eleanoymadhil pioriya yethe vadhala, jithe tyane pioriya highschoolmadhye shikshan ghetale. tyanche vadil nagri abhiyanta aanee sthanik veej companyche paryavekshak hote. lahanpanapasun eka utsahi vachak asalelya shetakyane sangitale qee tyane chauthya iyattet lekhak honyacha sankalp keela hota. vayachya 14 vya varshi teey adnyeyavadi banale. vayachya 23 vya varshi, 1941 madhye tyanni bette wii. yanchyashi vivah keela. andre aanee akheris tyanna eka mulga aanee eka mulgi jhaali. dusya mahayuddhat uddan prashikshan sodalyanantar too sthanik polad giraneet kaam karayala gela. tathapi, tyanni tyanche shikshan suruch thewale aanee 1950 madhye bradley vidyapithatun ingrajimadhye padvi midavali.
daad lovers' hii tyanchi kadambari samuel minesney august 1952 madhye 'dhakkadayak katha' madhye prakashit kelee, jyat manushya aanee alaukik yanchyatil laingik sambandh darshavile gele, tevha shetkari yanna pahile sahityik yash midale. 1953 madhye tyanni sarvotkrusht naveen ess. eff. lekhak kinwa kalakarasathi hugo puraskar jinkla, joou tyanchya karkirditil teen hugo puraskaranpaiki pahila hota. asha prakare protsahit houn, tyane purnavel lekhak honyasathi nokri sodali, prakashakachya spardhet pravesh keela aanee tyachya nantarchya 'reverworld' maliketil sukshmajiv asalelya 'oway phaur daad maas' yaa kadambarisathi twarit pratham paritoshik jinkale. pann pustak prakashit jhaale nahee aanee vijetyala milanari 4,000 dollarchi bakshis rakkam shetkyanna midali nahee. sahityik yash aarthik surakshitatet rupantarit jhaale nahee, mhanoon tyanni tantrik lekhak mhanoon karkird suru karnyasathi 1956 madhye pioriya sodale. pudhil 14 varshe tyanni syracuse, newyork teey losses angelis yaa vividh sanrakshn kantratdaransathi tyaa kshamatet kaam kele, tarr tyanchya mokalya velet vidnyan katha lihilya.
ryders auph daad purple ways', james joycechya 'finnegans wake' chee pestich tasech bhavishyatil, palanaghar teey grave kalyankari rajyavaril vyangchitrasathi, 1968 madhye tyanna sarvotkrusht kadambari yaa shreneet dusra hugo puraskar midala. 1969 madhye punha urjavan jhalela shetkari punha purnavel lekhak banala. 1970 madhye puriola parat gelyanantar, tyane 10 varshant 25 pustake prakashit karoon tyachya sarvat samruddha kalat pravesh keela. tyanchya 'too yore scatter bodies goo' yaa kadambarine (20 varshanpurvichya aprakashit puraskar vijetya pahilya kadambariche punarlekhan) 1972 madhye tyanna sarvotkrusht kadambarisathi tisra puraskar midvoon deela.
1975 salchya 'venus aun daad haaf-shale' yaa kadambarine mothya sahityik samudayat aanee prasarmadhyamandhye khalbal majavali. curt wangutchya anek kadambyanmadhye qamee kautuk kelele vidnyan katha lekhak mhanoon disanare eka kalpanik patra, 'kilgor trout' yane 'first person' madhye lihile asave assa tyacha hetu aahe. kahee samikshakanni keval too swatah wangutne lihila hota assa nishkarsh kadhala nahee, tarr too tyachya kamanmadhye eka yogya bharr asalyache sangoon palayan wangutla prasann karoo shakale nahee. shetkyala heey pustak lihinyachi wangutchi parvanagi hotee, matra nantar wangutne sangitale qee tyala parvanagi dilyabaddal khed aahe.
shetakkyakade nirnayak vijete aanee virodhak asey donhi hote. lezley fiddlerne tyala 'aataparyantcha sarvat mahan vidnyan katha lekhak' ghoshit kele aanee katha sangnyakade pahanyacha tyacha drushtikon 'bhootkal, vartaman aanee yenare sampoorn brahmand gilanyachi aanee teey punha baher kadhanyachi prachand ichcha' mhanoon prashansa kelee."isaq asimovne shetkanyachi prashansa kelee qee too eka utkrusht vidnyan katha lekhak aahe; kharey tarr, majhyapeksha khoop jaast kushal lekhak aahe..."parantu khristofar lehmann-hoptney 1972 madhye" "daad newyork times" "madhye tyala" "vidnyan katha kshetratil eka vinamra parishrami mhanoon nakarle"."
2001 madhye shetkari jivangauravasathi jaagtik kalpanaramya puraskar jinkla aanee tyach varshi amerikechya vidnyan katha lekhakanni tyala tyache 19 weey ess. eff. doubleu. aii. grand master banavale.
25 februwari 2009 roji shetakanyache nidhan jhaale. tyanchya pashchat patni betty, done mule, paach natwande aanee sahaa panpoti assa parivar hota.
navinyapurn drushye.
"reverworld' malika.
reverworld' malika richard francis berton, herman goring aanee samuel clemons yasarkhya vividh patranchya sahasanche anusaran karate, jyat eka vichitra maranottar jivanadvare pratyek manus ekach velee ekach nadichya khonyat punarutthit hoto joou sampoorn grahavar pasarlela asato. yaa maliket 'too yore scatter bodies goo' (1971), 'daad fancible riverboat' (1971), 'daad darqa design' (1977), 'daad magic labyrinth' (1980) aanee 'gods auph reverworld' (1983) yancha samavesh aahe. jaree 'reverworld andd adar stories' (1979) haah yaa malikecha bhag nasla taree tyat dusya prakashit reverworld kathecha samavesh aahe, jee eka kadambarimadhye samakalit karnyaivaji muktapane ubhi aahe.
pahili done nadivishva pustake mulat kadambari mhanoon, 'daad day auph daad gret show' aanee 'daad suicide express' mhanoon prakashit jhaali hotee aanee 1965 aanee 1967 darmyan vidnyan katha masikanmadhye 'worlds auph tumoro' aanee 'iff' madhye 'daad fauld starr' hii done bhaganchi malika mhanoon prakashit jhaali hotee. swatantra kadambari 'reverworld' janewari 1966 madhye 'worlds auph tumoro' madhye prakashit jhaali. 1990 chya dashakat jodalelya kadambyanchee antim jodee disalih 'crossing daad darqa river' ('tails auph reverworld', 1992) aanee 'up daad brite river' ('quest too reverworld', 1993). yaa maliket shetakyane pieter jairas frigate (pii. jeey. eff.) mhanoon swatachi olakh karoon dilee.
reverworld malikecha ugam 1952 madhye eka mahinyat spardhetil pravesh mhanoon lihilelya 'oway phaur daad maas' yaa kadambaritun jhaala. tyane hii spardha jinkley, parantu bakshisachya rakmecha gairavapar jhaala tevha pustak aprakashit aanee anath rahile aanee shetakyane jawaljawal lekhan purnapane sodoon dile. kadambariche mool hastalikhit haravale hote, parantu anek varshannantar shetakyane varr namood kelelya reverworld masikatil kathanmadhye samagri punha tayar kelee. akheris, mool kadambarichya sudharit aavruttichi eka prat garragemadheel eka peteet samore aalee aanee 1983 madhye fantasia presne tee 'shashvatatechi nadee' mhanoon prakashit kelee. yaa aavruttichi shetkanyachi olakh heey serve kase ghadale yache tapasheel dete.
"world auph tears' malika.
hii malika krutrimaritya bandhalelya anek samantar vishvanmadhye (jyapaiki pruthvi eka aahe) seet kelee gelee aahe, jee hajaro varshanpurvi pruthvivaril nasalelya manavanchya vanshane tayar kelee hotee, jyanni tantradnyanachi pragat patali sadhya kelee hotee, jyane tyanna jawaljawal daivi shakti aanee amaratva dile hote. jyaa pramukh vishvat yaa katha ghadatat aanee jyapasoon yaa malikeche naav padale aahe, tyat eka prachand stariy grah aahe, joou disk kinwa squat cylinderchya dhigasarkha aakaracha aahe, qamee hott asalelya trijyecha, eka dusyachya varr aahe. hii malika yaa anek devasaman manavanchya aanee pruthvivaril anek "samanya" manavanchya sahasanche anusaran karate, jeey chukun yaa krutrim vishvat pravas karatat. (tyaa "samanya" mansanpaiki eka paul janas finnegan [pii. jeey. eff.] hota, joou yaa maliketil mukhya patra banato.) yaa maliket 'daad maker auph universe' (1965), 'daad gates auph creation' (1966), 'aaa private cosmos' (1968), 'behind daad wall auph terra' (1970), 'daad lavelite world' (1977) aanee 'morr danne phayar' (1993) yancha samavesh aahe. rogger zelazani namood kele aahe qee jevha tyane tyachi ember malika tayar kelee tevha tyachya manat 'staranche jug' asey kahitari hote. sambandhit kadambari 'reed aurks radge' (1991) aahe, jyamadhye itar pustakanchya pramukh patrancha thet samavesh nahee, parantu itar kadambyanmadhye chitrit kelelya kahee ghatana aanee patranchi parshvabhoomi mahitee pradan karate. shetkyanchya kadambyanpaiki hii sarvat "mansik" aahe.
sahityik vishay.
laingikta.
shetkanyanche kaam anekada laingik vishay hatalate; kahee suruvatichya kaame vidnyan katha sahityachya tyanchya abhootpurv parichayasathi ullekhaneey hotee. tyanchi pahili prakashit vidnyan katha katha (eka kirkol apavad vagalata), 'daad lovers' yaa kadambarine tyanna 1953 madhye sarvotkrusht naveen ess. eff. lekhak kinwa kalakar mhanoon hugo puraskar midvoon deela aanee vaidnyanik kalpanaramya sahityatil laingiktevaril varjanacha bhang karnari katha mhanoon samikshakanni tyanchi olakh patavali. tyane lagechach shetkyala sahityik nakashavar aanale. vichitra sambandh' (1960) haah laghukatha sangrah yaa shailitil eka ullekhaneey ghatana hotee. robbert aaa. yanchyasathi too teen vyaktinpaiki eka hota. henlenne 'stranger inn aaa strainge land' (1961) hii kadambari samarpit kelee, jyat laingik swatantryacha tyachya prathamik sankalpananpaiki eka mhanoon shodh ghenyat aala. shivay, 'phayar andd daad nite' (1962) hii aantarjatiy pranayavishayichi mukhya pravahatil kadambari aahe; tyat samajik aanee mansik laingik valane aahet. nite auph light' (1966) madhye, tyane eka pargrahvasi vansh tayar keela, jithe pargrahvasi lokanna fakt ekach aaee asate, parantu anek vadil asatat, kadachit eka asamanya kinwa asamarthaneey sharirik sthitimule, jee done vyakti ektyane kaam karat asatana gathoo shakat naheet kinwa chaloo thevu shakat naheet. 1968 teey 1969 yaa kalat 'pranyachi pratima' aanee 'udavalela' haah pudhcha bhag, donhihi samoohik laingik sambandh, aantargrahiy pravas aanee herald child sarkhya kalpanik vyaktinmadhil aanee forri ackerman sarkhya vastavik lokanmadhil parasparsanvadacha shodh ghetat. world auph tears' yaa maliket too oo. eae. dii. pii. ell. vishayancha shodh gheto.
dharm.
shetkyanchya kalpanaramya kathanmadhye varanvar dharmik vishayancha samavesh hota. daad lovers' (1952) yaa tyanchya abhootpurv kadambarimadhye tyanni 'jeey.' varr aadharit eka kalpanik dharm shodhala. doubleu. dunche 'serialism'. "nite auph light' (1957, vistarit 1966) heey tyaeivaji apavitra vadil johnn karmodi yanna eka pargrahvasi jagavaril odisivar gheuun jaate jithe aadhyatmik shakti bhautik jagaat prakat hotat. maas' madhye (1960) antaralvir tyanchya bhavishyat 800 varshe pruthvivar paratatat, jyat murtipujak devi-upasak dharmache varchasva aahe. reverworld' yaa donhi malikanmadhye (1966 chya 'reverworld' yaa kadambarimadhye-parantu kadambyanmadhye nahee, tarr 'daad magic labyrinth' chya suruvatichya kalat tyachya mrutyucha sankshipt ullekh vagalata) aanee 1979 chya 'jeesas aun mars' yaa kadambarimadhye, yeshu auph nazreth heey patra mhanoon disatat. itar udaharananmadhye 'jeey.' yaa laghukathancha samavesh aahe.see. aun daad dude ranch', 'daad godd business', 'daad making auph revelsion', bhag 1 ', aanee' inside, outside '(1964) yaa kadambya-jyaa narkat ghadalya kinwa naan ghadalya-aanee' gaddar too daad leaving '(1973), itar anekanmadhye.
palp nayak.
anek shetkari kalakrutinmadhye kalpanik aanee itihasatil vidyaman patranchi punarbandhani kelee aahe.
daad wind vell auph ishmel' (1971) madhye, herman melvilchya 'mobi-dick' chaa durgami pudhcha bhag; 'daad unn logg auph philius fogg' (1973), joou jewels vernchya 'arround daad world inn assie days' madheel haravalelya kalavadhimadhye bharato; aanee 'aii barnstormer inn oz' (1982), jyamadhye dorothycha praudh mulga, eka pilot, apghatane ozchya bhoomivar udato.
tyane anekada palp nayak tarzen aanee dock savage kinwa tyachya pestichesabaddal lihile aaheh tyachya 'daad adventure auph daad peear' yaa kadambarimadhye, tarzen aanee sherlock homes ekatra yetat. farmers laurd grandrith aanee dock caliban malika tarzen aanee dock sevejche pratirup chitrit karatat. tyat 'aaa phesta ananon' (1969), 'laurd auph daad trease' (1970) aanee 'daad madd goblin' (1970) yancha samavesh aahe. shetkari yanni 'tarzen live' (1972) aanee '(1973) yaa donhi patranche done nakali charitrahi lihile aahet, jeey heey donhi tyanchya mool itihaskaranni kalpanik kelelya vastavik lokanvar aadharit hote aanee tyanna vanshavalinusar mothya sankhyene jodatat."pudhe, farmerne" "escape fraum lokee" "(1991) hii adhikrut dock savage kadambari aanee" "daad darqa haart auph time" "(1999) hii adhikrut tarzen kadambari donhi lihili". 1972 salchya 'time' sha last gift 'yaa tyanchya kadambarimadhye, shetakyane tyachya naykasathi' sahinder 'heey pardarshakpane ulat-aksharanche naav vaparoon (aanee' tarzen, laurd greystock 'sathee sanketik code mhanoon pustakache aadyakshar, tii. ell. jee.), velechya pravasasah sanyuktapane tarzen sankalpanecha dekhil shodh ghetala. yaa sankalpanevar aadharit eka laghukatha aahe 'daad jungle rott kid aun daad node' (1968): 'iff william ess. edger tandul [buroj] neey tarzen lihinyaeivaji, shetakyane 'laurd tiger' (1970) dekhil eka nirdayi karodpatibaddal lihile jeey eka mulache apaharan karoon kharaa tarzen tayar karnyacha prayatna karato aanee nantar tyach dukkhad ghatananchya adheen yeto jyane mool pustakanmadhye tarzenla aakar deela.
tyachya apoorn aitihasik khokarsa chakrat-'pracheen oparache haddon' (1974) aanee 'oparkade uddan' (1976)-shetakyane khokarsa samrajyache vasahat shahar mhanoon tyachya vaibhavachya kalat, oparchya 'haravalelya shaharache' chitran kele, jeey tarzen kathet mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate. eka pustakat eka rahasyamay rakhadi dolhyanchya pravashacha, spashtapane 'sahinder'/tarzencha ullekh aahe.
topananav.
curt wangutchya kamanmadhye disanara eka kalpanik lekhak, kilgor trout yaa navane shetkari 'venus aun daad haaf-shale' (1975) lihito. tyane troutchi adhik kalpanik pustake (visheshtah 'jimmi valentinecha mulga') lihinyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu wangutne tyaa yojana bund kelya. shetakyane yaa topananavacha vapar kelyane anek vachkanmadhye sambhram nirman jhaala hota, jyanni kahee kaal asey gruheet dharale qee wangate yachya mage aahe; jevha 'ardh-kavchavaril shukra' chey lekhakatva satya baher aale, tevha wangate 'anandi nahee' asey mhatale gele."ardh-prakalpachya eka ankat, richard eae. yanni prakashit kelelya elean samikshak/vidnyan katha punaravalokanat. jee. eae. ess., shetkari hyane yabaddal wangetkadoon santapt, ashlilatene bharalela durdhvani aala asalyacha dawa keela. tyanantar shetakyane anek topananavit 'kalpanik lekhak' katha lihilya, mukhytah 'kalpanaramya aanee vidnyan katha' niyatkalikasathi. yaa asha katha hotya jyanche 'lekhak' itar kathanmadhil patre aahet. ashee pahili katha jonathan swift somers III (shetakyane swatah 'venus aun daad haaf-shale' madhye shodhali hotee parantu 'spoon river anthology' chya mrut aavajanpaiki eka aavajane prerit) yanni lihili hotee. nantarchya kalat shetkari 'cordwenner burd' bilinecha vapar karat asey, heey topananav harlen elisanane chitrapat aanee durchitravani prakalpansathi shodhale hote, jyatoon tyanna swatahla vegale karayache hote aanee kadachit cordwenner smith yaa nawala sambandhit hote, jeey paul linebargerne vaparlele topananav hote.
granthasuchi.
60 varshanhun adhik kaal chalalelya lekhan karkirdit (1946-2008), shetakyane jawaljawal 60 kadambya, 100 hoon adhik laghukatha aanee kadambya (anek vistarlelya kinwa kadambyanmadhye ektrit kelelya), done "kalpanik charitra" aanee asankhya nibandh, lekh aanee alpakalin lekh chahatyanchya prakashananmadhye prakashit kele.