valle plumwood

valle plumwood (11 august 1939-29 februwari 2008) hii eka austreliyan tatvadnyani aanee paryavaranvadi narivadi hotee jee manavvanshashastravaril tichya kamasathi olakhali jaate. 1970 chya dashakapasun tine aamulagra paryavaranshastrachya vikasat madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali. mukhytah swatantra vidwan mhanoon kaam karat asatana, tyanni tasmania vidyapith, north carolina rajya vidyapith, montana vidyapith aanee sidney vidyapithat padey bhushavali aanee tyanchya mrutyuchya velee austreliyan rashtriy vidyapithat austreliyan sanshodhan parishadeche sahkari hote. rutlejchya 'paryavaranavaril pannas pramukh vicharvant' (2001) madhye ticha samavesh aahe.
plumwoodne tiche shaikshanik jeevan urvarit nisargatil manavanchya "atisanvedanshilate" viruddha aanee jyala tee "prabhutvachya drushtikona" chya virodhat vaad ghalavate; eka kaaran/nisarg dwaitvad jyamadhye mahila, sthanik lock aanee manavanshivay naisargik jug-adheen aahe.
1972 teey 2012 yaa kalat tyanni tarkshastra, tattvamimansa, paryavaran aanee paryavaranvad yaa vishayanvar chaar pustake aanee 100 hoon adhik shodhanibandh lihile kinwa saha-lekhan kele. ticha 'narivad aanee nisargavaril prabhutva' (1993) haah eka abhijat chitrapat manla jaato aanee tichi 'paryavaraniy sanskruteeh tarkbuddhiche paryavaraniy sankat' (2002) hii 'aaplya kalatil sarvat tejaswi paryavaraniy vicharvantanpaiki eka' mhanoon olakhali gelee. "plumwoodche dusare patee, tattvadnya richard sylvan yanchyasobat sahalekhit 'daad fight phaur daad forrest' (1973) heey 2014 saalee austreliyan vanikaranatil aataparyantche sarvat vyapak vishleshan asalyache varnan karnyat aale.
plumwoodcha maranottar prakashit jhalela 'daad aay auph daad magri' (2012) haah chitrapat 1985 madhye tichya khaare panyachya magarichya hallyatoon bachavun baher aala, jyache varnan tichya 'shikar' (1996) yaa nibandhat pahilyanda karnyat aale aahe. yaa anubhavane teela 'baheroon' jagachi eka zalak dilee, eka 'heraclitian vishva' jyamadhye tee itar konatyahi pranyanpramanech ann hotee. heey eka asey jug hote jeey tichyabaddal udaseen hote aanee tichyashivay chaloo raheel, jithe "tumchya sharirat asane mhanje-granthalayatun eka khand baher kadhane, itar karjdarankadun qamee-adhik pramanat twarit lakshat ghenyachya adheen asalela khand-jeey sampoorn katha punha lihitat jevha tyanna tee milate".
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
plumwoodcha janm valle morel yaa navane tyanchya palkansamor jhaala, jyanche ghar hessian pishavyanchya cementmadhye budavalelya bhintinsah eka zopadi hotee. jameen anudan midalyanantar, tichya palakanni sidneychya uttares kuu-ring-gaay chages rashtriy udyanajavalachya terry tekadyanmadhye ghar ubharale hote. tiche vadil suruvatila hodd vahak mhanoon kaam karayache, nantar eka lahan kukkutpalan kshetra suru kele. martin mulligan aanee stuart hiill yanchya matey, plumwoodchya khelanyanchya abhavamule yaa kshetrache saundarya vadhale.
kukkutpalan kshetra ayashasvi jhaale aanee tee daha varshanchi asatana tiche kutumb uttar sidney upnagaratil collaray yethe rahayala gele, jithe tichya vadilanna nagri sevet kaam midale. teey punha dakshin sidnitil kograh yethe gele. plumwoodne kogarah yetheel seent george gearls highschoolmadhye shikshan ghetale, jithe tee shalechi ducks hotee. sidney vidyapithat jaanyasathi rashtrakul shishyavrutti deu kelee, tine tyaeivaji shikshakanchya shishyavruttisathi tee nakarli, sidneymadhyehi-tichya palakanna tine kahitari vyavharik karave asey vatat hote-jaree teela lavkarach tattvadnyanat rus vatoo lagla.
plumwoodche shikshan 1958 madhye, tee 18 varshanchi asatana aanee garbhavati asatana, johnn macray yaa sahkari vidyarthyashi jhalelya tichya alpakalin vivahamule viskalit jhaale, heey lagn plumwood 21 varshancha asatana ghatasfotat sampale hote. yaa jodpyala done mule hotee, jyapaiki doghanchahi lahan vayat mrutyu jhaala. plumwood 19 varshancha asatana tyancha mulga johnn macrecha janm jhaala aanee 1988 madhye aajarpananantar tyacha mrutyu jhaala. 1960 madhye janmaleli aanee tee 18 mahinyanchi asatana dattak ghenyasathi sodoon dileli tyanchi mulgi catalyn macray hitchy kishoravayin vayat hatya karnyat aalee. plumwoodne 1962 madhye sidney yethe aapale shikshan punha suru kele, yaveli tatvadnyanacha abhyas karnyasathi rashtrakul shishyavruttisaha aanee 1964 madhye pratham shreni sanmanasah padvi prapt kelee.
vaiyaktik jeevan aanee sakriyata.
aarmidelmadhil unn yethe tarkshastracha padvyuttar abhyas suru kelyanantar lagechach plumwoodne tatvadnya richard sylvan (tevha richard rootley mhanoon olakhala jaanara) yachyashi lagn kele, jyala tee sidneymadhye asatana bhetali hotee aanee tine tiche naav badaloon valle rootley thewale. tyanni madhya purv aanee brittenmadhye pravas kartana vel ghalavala, jyat skotlandmadhil beach jangalajaval eka varsh rahane samavisht hote. austreliyala paratalyanantar, teey jaivavividhateche jatan karnyasathi aanee jangaltod thambavanyasathichya chalvalinmadhye sakriy jhaale aanee paryavaraniy manaviki mhanoon olakhali jaanari aantar-shakha sthapan karnyat madat kelee. 1973 teey 1982 yaa kalat, 'rootley' aanee 'rootley' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya tyanni tarkshastra aanee paryavaranavar anek ullekhaneey lekhanche saha-lekhan kele, jeey manavvanshvad kinwa 'manvi ugravad' yaa vadavivadatil madhyavarti vyakti banale. tyanni ektritpane 'daad fight phaur daad forrest' (1973) heey prabhavshali pustak lihile, jyat austreliyatil vanikaran udhyogachya hanikarak dhorananche vishleshan kele gele. pustakachya maganimule teen varshant teen aavrutya prakashit jhalya.
1975 pasoon suru jhalelya yaa jodpyane kinarpattivaril plumwood dongrajaval, canberapasoon 75 kiimii antaravar, varshavanatil 120 hectorchya jamini saaf saaf ashtakoniy dagadi gharajaval tyanche ghar bandhanyat anek varshe ghalavali. 1981 madhye tyancha ghatasfot jhaala. plumwood gharatach rahat rahila aanee ghatasfotanantar tine punha tiche naav badalale, yaveli tine swatahla parvatache naav dile, jyache naav euclifia mureichya zadavarun thevanyat aale aahe. 1983 madhye jevha tyane punarvivah keela tevha rutaline tyache aadnav badaloon sylvan ("jangalatil") kele; 1996 madhye tyache nidhan jhaale.
plumwood yanni tasmania vidyapith, uttar carolina rajya vidyapith, montana vidyapith aanee sidney vidyapithat padey bhushavali. tichya mrutyuchya velee, tee austreliyan national universitymadhye austreliyan research councilchya sadasya hotya. 1 march 2008 roji tine sylvanne bandhalelya gharat tee mrutavasthet aadhalali; strokene ticha mrutyu jhaala hota asey manale jaate.
drushye.
manav/nisarg dwaitvad.
plumwoodchi pramukh saiddhantik kaame mhanje tichi 'narivad aanee nisargavaril prabhutva' (1993) aanee tichi 'paryavaraniy sanskruteeh tarkbuddhiche paryavaraniy sankat' (2002). tine jyala 'prabhutva midvanyachi drushtikon' mhatale, tyavar teeka kelee, swatahbaddalachya drushtikonacha eka sanch aanee lingwad, vanshavad, bhandavalshahi, vasahatvad aanee nisargachya varchasvashi sambandhit itaranshi tyache sambandh. tine yuktivad keela qee, yaa drushtikonanchya sanchamadhye, sanchamadhye moolbhootpane vegale aanee nikrusht mhanoon pahane, swala parshvabhoomi agrabhag mhanoon pahane, jyache astitva swayam kinwa kendrachya duyyam, vyutpann kinwa paridhiy aahe aanee jyachi agency nakarli jaate kinwa qamee kelee jaate."
tine manvi/nisarg dwaitvadala "manav/prani, munn/shareer" yasah laingik dwaitvadanchya malikanpaiki eka mhanoon olakhale... purush/stree, tark/bhavna, [aanee] susanskrut/adim ", aanee tyanni tyanchya parityagasathi tasech tarkshuddha, ekatmak, cartasian swa yaa pashchimatya kalpanesathi, dukhavtat)saaathii sahanubhootivar aadharit paryavaraniy naitikatechya bajoone yuktivad keela. asey kartana, tine keval swatah aanee itaranmadhil, aanee manavata aanee nisarg yanchyatil "atisanvedanshilata" nakarli nahee, tarr paripoorn farak aanee aatm aanee jagachya vilinikaranavar aadharit sakhol paryavaraniy paryayambaddal aadaravar aadharit uttaraadhunik paryay dekhil nakarle. tyaeivaji, tine eka drushtikon prastavit keela joou vishay aanee vastoo yanchyatil aanee lock aanee paryavaran yanchyatil satatya aanee vibhaganimadhye naitik jababdari olakhato aanee aadhar deto.
karkhanyatil shetila virodh kelyamule, jaree tine shikarichya paryavaraniy mahattwala dujora deela asala taree, plumwood shakahari hotee. caroll jeey chya prani haqq manchachya virodhat, tine paryavaraniy pranivad asey label lavalelya ardh-shakahari bhoomikeche samarthan kele. admus, jyala plumwoodne ontological veganism mhatale aanee jyavar tine manvi/nisarg dwaitvadachya samarthanasathi teeka kelee.
magaricha hallah.
manvi asurakshitata aanee shikar honyacha anubhav' (1995) yaa pustakat, plumwoodne 19 februwari 1985 roji khaare panyachya magarichya hallyatoon tee kashee bachavali aanee yaa anubhavamule tichya drushtikonat, jyala tee 'vaiyaktik nyay vishva' mhanate, tyapasoon teey 'heraclitian vishva' paryant, jithe aapan ann sakhalicha aanakhi eka bhag aahot, jagabaddalachya tichya drushtikonat aamulagra badal ghadavun aanala, yache varnan kele aahe. kakadu rashtriy udyanala bhet detana plumwoodne purv mugger ranger sthanakat tall thokala hota aanee purv mugger mugger sarovaracha shodh ghenyasathi udyan ranger gregg mail yethoon chaar meater lambichi fiberglass nauka ghetali hotee.
ghaighait, bharad jevanasathi daldalitun baher baher khadakachya baher baher bhagakade mea paus odhat asatana majhi nauka odhali, tevha mallah pahanyat aalyabaddalchi aparichit bhavna jaanavali. mea kadhihi bhikkhupanacha, tattvadnyanatil kinwa jeevanat kadhihi navhata, mhanoon mea majhya chikat kafilachya hatoon parabhoot houn parat yenyaivaji, mea mageel divashi pravas kelelya nadichya jawal eka spasht, khol kalwa shodhanyacha nirnay ghetala. ... mea paach kinwa daha minitanpeksha jaast vel vahinichya khalee mage gelo navhato, jevha eka vakya goal karat asatana mallah majhyasamor madhyapravahat eka tarangatya kathisarkhi disat hotee-jee mallah varr jaatana aathavali nahee. pravahane mallah tyaa dishene nele, tevha kathiche dolhe vikasit hotana disale.
magri sahasa naukanvar hallah karat naheet, parantu yaa naukene tyala tyachya shepatine marayala suruvat kelee. plumwoodne kahee latakatya fandya pakadalya, parantu tee swatahla varr khechanyapurvich magarine teela payanmadhye pakadale aanee teela panyakhali odhale, "firat asalelya, ukalatya kalyapanacha eka kendratyagi, joou majhya shariratoon majhe hatpay fadanar hota, majhya fuffusanmadhye paanee vahoon nett hota."
magarine teela thodya velasathi jaau dile, nantar teela punha pakadale, aanee tee eka unch chikhal chikhal baher padnyapurvi teela asha teen 'mrutyuchya nondi' dilya. gambhir dukhapat hounahi-ticha dawa paay hadachya samparkat aala hota aanee nantar teela meliodosischi lagan jhalyache aadhalale-tine ranger stationparyant teen kilometer chaalat, nantar rengalayala suruvat kelee. udyanatil ranger ticha shodh ghenyasathi gela hota, jevha tee ratriparyant parat yeu shakali nahee aanee tine madatisathi oradalyache aikale. tine darwinmadhil rugnalayat 13 tasancha pravas keela, jithe tine eka mahina atidakshata vibhagat ghalavala aanee tyanantar tvachevar vyapak rangchhat kelee. hii nauka aata austreliyachya rashtriy sangrahalayat aahe.
yaa anubhavane plumwoodla 'baheroon' jagachi zalak dilee, eka asey jug jeey tichyabaddal udaseen hote aanee tichyashivay chaloo rahilah 'eka aparichitpane nirashajanak kram'-'majhi swatachi katha aanee mothee katha tutali hotee, mea eka aashcharyakarakpane udaseen jagachi zalak pahili jyamadhye mallah itar konatyahi khadyapadarthanpeksha jaast mahatva navhate. vichar, "heey majhyababatit houu shakat nahee, mea eka manus aahe. mea keval annapeksha jaast aahe!"haah majhya antim avishvasacha eka ghatak hota. eka guntaguntichya mansavarun keval mansachya tukadyat jhaleli hii eka dhakkadayak ghat hotee. keval manavach navhe tarr konatahi prani too keval annapeksha adhik asalyacha dawa karoo shakato, asey pratibimbane mallah patvoon dile aahe. aapan khanyayogya aahot, parantu aapan khanyayogya peksha barech jaast aahot."tine assa yuktivad keela qee aapala manavvansh kendrit drushtikon," "vaiyaktik nyay vishva", vastavikatepasun tutalela aaheh 
[i] vaiyaktik nyay vishvat, vaiyaktik vishayache vishva heey bhintivar koralelya vyaktipramane, killyachya shaharasarkhe aahe. teey satat vedhyat asate aanee utkatatene, sharirala-annapasoon tayar kelele heey shareer-itaranpasoon door thevanyacha aanee teey fakt aaplyasathich thevanyacha vedepanane prayatna karat asate. arthat aamhala mahit aahe qee bhintivar koralela killa akheris kosalel parantu aamhi nehmich adhik aanee adhik changlya vedha-pratirodhak tantradnyanacha shodh ghet, shakya titka vel vedha rokhanyacha prayatna karato jyamule aamhala swatahla bandist rahnyas saksham hoil.
vaiyaktik/nyay vishvat tumchya sharirachya urjeche praman tumchyakade purnapane aahe aanee tyaa urjecha barachsa bhag bhag sarvanpasoon tyache rakshan karnyasathi kharch qaraa. itaranni vatoon ghenyacha kelela konatahi prayatna haah eka aakrosh, anyay manla jaato, jyala purn pratikar karane aavashyak aahe (aamchya uchch darjachya mejavanitil atiparichit gatecrasher-daas, junch, bagai yanchyabaddalachya aamchya pratikriyecha vichar qaraa. heey aaplya malkichya sanvedananna dukhavtat). dukhavtat) bajula, heraclitian vishvat, tumchya sharirat asane heey granthalayatun eka khand kadhanya sarkhe aahe, jeey itar karjdaranna qamee-adhik pramanat twarit aathavate-jeey jevha sampoorn katha teey midavatat tevha tee punha lihitat.

