bukako jungle

bukako vann () heey portugalchya madhyavarti pradeshatil eka pracheen, tatbandi asalele vrukshavruksham aahe aanee europemadhil utkrusht dendrological sangrahanpaiki eka aahe. jungle 1450 meater aanee 950 meater itake aahe aanee 105 hector kshetra vyapate; parigh bhint andaje parighamadhye aahe aanee darvajanchya malikene viramchinh aahe, jyapaiki ekamadhye 17 vya shatkatil pope bailanni mahilanna pravesh karnyas manai kelee aahe aanee zadanna haanee haanee konalahi bahishkrut karanyachi dhamki dilee aahe, jaree sadhya donhi atinchi portugij kayadyanusar kayadeshiraritya bandhan nahee. 250 hoon adhik vruksh aanee zudupanchya prajati jangalat vadhatat, jyat shodhachya yugat portugij navikanni sadar kelelya prachand shatvarshik aanee videshi vanaspatincha samavesh aahe. 2004 madhye portugalne unescochya jaagtik varsa sthalanchya tatpuratya yadeet bukako vann sadar kele.
jangalachya anek zadanchi charcha lokpriy aanee shaikshanik sahityat jhaali aahe. udaharanarth, 1634 madhye, eka portugij vidvanane bukakochya sayprasacha ullekh karnara kavitancha sangrah lihila; 1768 madhye eka ingraji vanaspatishastradnyane vanatil cyprus prakaranpaiki eka govyamadhye ugam pavalyacha dawa karoon 200 varshe pradirgh vadavivadala udhan aanale; 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat wine lekhak hyoog johnsonne arboretumla bhet dilee aanee tasmanian parvatiy rakhche varnan "nishchitach europechi sarvat bhavya" asey kele; agadi alikade, itihaskar aanee vrukshashastradnya thomas puckenham yanni tyanchya "jagatil ullekhaneey zaade" yaa pustakat jangalatil boonia pinepacky eka samavisht keela.
ekekali bukako jungle heey vikshipt carmelitesche ghar hoteh bhikshunni eka math, lahan chapples aanee vedhalelya bhinti bandhalya aanee 1834 madhye math visarjit hoiparyant vrukshavrundachi dekhbhal kelee. 19 vya shatkachya akheris kanventcha barachsa bhag eka atiutsahi nava-emmanueline rajvadyasathi marg tayar karnyasathi padnyat aala. portugij rajgharanyasathi eka aashraysthan mhanoon rajvadyachi kalpana kelee gelee hotee, parantu lisban rajgharanyatil hatya aanee tyanantarchya 'koop dii' etet 'nantar tyache rupantar busako palace yaa alishan hotelmadhye karnyat aale.
bhoogol aanee hawaman.
busako jungle heey portugalchya madhyavarti pradeshat sera doow busakochya vayavya tokavar aahe. tyache kshetrafal 105 hector aahe aanee parigh fakt 5 kilometerpeksha jaast asalelya parimitichya bhintine vedhalele aahe. pariman 1450 meater aanee 950 meater aahet; unchi 190 meater teey 547 meetarparyant aahe; prachalit sookshm hawaman heey saumya tapman, varanvar sakalche dhuke aanee parjanyaman heey pradeshik sarasarichya jawaljawal duppat aahe. sarvat jawalche shahari kendra coyambra heey eka pracheen vidyapith shahar aanee portugalchi purvichi rajdhani aahe; sarvat jawalche parrish luso heey khanij panyasathi prasiddha asalele spa shahar aahe.
itihas.
bukako jungle pahilyanda 6 vya shatkat jawalchya benedictine mathatil bhikshunni vasavale hote; pachshe varshannantar koimbrachya bishapanni jungle tabyat ghetale aanee 1628 madhye teey discalced carmeliteschya kramane daan kele. carmelite bhikshunni tabadtob eka math, parigh bhinti aanee jangalachya daha darvajanpaiki pahile, 'portas dii coyambra' ('coyambra gett') bandhale. yaa kalat done pope bail jaaree karnyat aaleh pahilya, dinank 1622 madhye, mahilanna jangalat pravesh karnyas manai karnyat aalee; aalee;, dinank 1643 madhye, zadanna haanee pohochavat aadhalalyas konalahi bahishkrut karanyachi dhamki denyat aalee. donhi bailancha majkoor 'portas dii coimbra' chya bahereel bhintivar chikatalelya dagadi falkanvar koralela aahe. 17 vya shatkachya akheris, crosschya sthanakanche pratinidhitva karnari lahan prathanagruhe 'vhaya sekra' yaa eka ubhya, valandar margavar bandhali gelee hotee, joou conventpasoon jangalachya sarvoch bindu 'cruze alta' kadey jaato. khristacha olivechya dongarapasun calveryparyantcha pravas darshavinyasathi margachi lambi aanee prarthanasthalanmadhil antar kaljipurvak mojale gele.
september 1810 madhye busakochya ladhaine shantata bhang pavalih 56,000 hoon adhik purushanchya anglo-portugij sainyache netrutva nirman, bhavee duke auph wellingtonne sera doow bukakovar bachavatmak sthitee kayam thewali aanee portugalmadhye general masenala pudhe jaanyapasun rokhanyat yash midavale. yuddhapurvichya divasant wellington bukako jangalatil mathat rahila; eka olive vruksh jyala tyane tyachya ghodyala bandhale hote too ajunahi ubha aahe aanee tyala 'wellingtoncha olive vruksh' asey label denyat aale aahe.
1834 madhye dharmik vyavastha radd kelyanantar lagechach, vanachi malki aanee vyavasthapan prashasanala hastantarit karnyat aale. badalacha kaal pudhe aalah jungle kshetra 90 hectorvaroon 105 hectorparyant vistarle gele; durlakshit imarati punarsanchayit karnyat aalya aanee naveen, videshi vruksh prajati suru karnyat aalya; kanventparyant kanventparyant panyachya 'fonte fria' ('colled fountain'), eka zotdar panyachya panyachya aanee jangalatil sarvat ullekhaneey sthapatya vaishishtyanpaiki eka mhanoon navyane tayar karnyat aalya. 1888 madhye bhavya nava-emmanueline rajvadyache bandhkam karnyasathi conventcha barachsa bhag padnyat aala. portugij rajgharanyasathi eka aashraysthan mhanoon rajvadyachi kalpana kelee gelee hotee, parantu lisban rajgharanyatil hatya aanee tyanantarchya 'koop dii' etet 'nantar tyache rupantar busako palace yaa alishan hotelmadhye karnyat aale.
2004 madhye portugalne unescochya jaagtik varsa sthalanchya tatpuratya yadeet bukako vann sadar kele. unescochya sanketsthalane yaa janglala "atharavya shatkatil pranayramya bhupradeshacha mool namuna" asey varnan kele aahe, aanee teey "eka ullekhaneey vanaspatishastriy aanee nisargaramya varsa" asalyache namood kele aahe aanee teey "durmil aanee utkrusht saundaryache" thikan aahe. 1998 chya sahityatil nobel paritoshik vijete jose saramago yanni ghoshit kele, "bukako forrestla sampoorn shabdasangrah havah aahe, joou ekada bolala qee, aaplyala sangato qee sanganyasathi ajunahi serve kahee shillak aahe. tumhi bukako jungle varnan karat nahee. tyat swatahla haravane hii sarvat changli gosht aahe."2009 madhye vann vyavasthapan, sanwardhan, punarujjivan aanee shoshanachya uddeshane forrestchi sadhyachi prashasakeey sanstha, fandakao maata doo bukakochi sthapana karnyat aalee. eka varshanantar european sanghachya jeevan karyakramane jangalatil sarvat junya bhagache jatan karane aanee aakramak, bigger-swadeshi prajatinmule nirman nirman dhokyanvar niyantran thevanyachya uddeshane pudhakarala anudan dile. haah prakalp ujjwal (adhivasasathi dhoka nirman nirman aakramananpasun busakochi punarprapti) mhanoon olakhala jaato aanee too 2016 paryant chalanyache niyojit aahe.
vanaspati.
bukao jangalat europemadhil sarvottam dendrological sangrahanpaiki eka aahe. 250 hoon adhik vruksh aanee zudupanchya prajati jangalat vadhatat, jyat sanshodhanachya yugat portugij navikanni sadar kelelya unch shatak aanee videshi vanaspatincha samavesh aahe. jangalamadhye chaar bhinn bhupradesh aaheth vrukshavruksham, jeey jangalatil sumare 80 takke kshetra tayar karate; 'floresta relaquia' ('vann avashesh'), laurel, mock prevet aanee okchya prajatinni vaishishtyikrut kelele eka lahan, pracheen jungle; 'pinhal doow markes', sumare 13 hector kshetravar sagari pineche varchasva aahe; aanee 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat hotelchi udyane aanee 'valley doss phetos' ('furnchi daree'). vrukshavrukshacha prarambhik itihas dnyat nahee, parantu carmelitesne thevalelya itihasavarun asey soochit hote qee tyanni 1628 madhye tyanchya mathachi sthapana karnyapurvich vanikaran suru jhaale asave.
jangalatil sarvat mubalak vruksh mhanje mexican cyprus, hii eka prajati aahe jee bukeko devdar kinwa govyacha devdar mhanoonahi olakhali jaate. portugij vidwan bernarda dii lasserda yanni 1634 madhye prakashit jhalelya tyanchya 'soladeds dii bukako' yaa kavyasangrahat yaa zadacha pratham ullekh keela hota. 1768 madhye ingraji vanaspatishastradnya phillip miller yanni govyatil portugalla yaa zadachi olakh karoon dilyacha dawa kelyanantar 200 varshe pradirgh vadavivadala udhan aale. 1993 madhye international association phaur plant taxonomyne prakashit kelelya eka peparmadhye yaa prajatiche mool meksikoche mhanoon punarvargikaran kele tevha millerchya davyache aupcharik khandan karnyat aale. daha varshannantar dii. aine. aii. chachanyancha vapar karoon yaa vrukshachya utpattibaddal aanakhi sanshodhan haatee ghenyat aaleh parinamanvarun asey disun aale qee jaree mexican sayprasachi olakh bharatapeksha mexicohoon jangalat jhaali asanyachi shakyata jaast aahe, taree aadhar denari mahitee "phaar majboot nahee".
fandachao maata doow bukakone jaaree kelelya nakashamadhye jangalatil 86 "ullekhaneey zaade" soochibaddha aahet, jyapaiki eka mhanje hoteljaval vadhanari tasmanian parvatiy rakh aahe. ingraji wine lekhak hyoog johnson yanni tyanchya 'hyoog johnson inn daad garden' yaa pustakat yaa zadavar bhashya kele aahe, teey mutt vyakt karate qee heey 'nishchitpane europemadhil sarvat bhavya' aahe. 2010 madhye austreliyachya chalan khadee arboretumchya eka sanshodhakane eka maidani pravasadarmyan zaad mojale aanee nishkarsh kadhala qee tyane aanee tyachya chamoone portugalmadhye tapasalelya konatyahi nilgirichya zadapeksha tyacha vyas sarvat motha hota. nakashavar soochibaddha kelelya itar ullekhaneey namunyanmadhye wellingtonne tyachya ghodyala bandhalele olive vruksh, thomas puckenhamchya 2002 chya tommadhye vaishishtyikrut kelela eka bunya pine, 'jagatil ullekhaneey zaade' aanee devdar, jinkgo aanee sekvoyachi uttam udaharane yancha samavesh aahe.
2014 chya pontevedra aantarrashtriy camelia congressmadhye sadar kelelya peparmadhye bukako forrestchya cameliavar charcha karnyat aalee hotee. bukako andd viller dii' allenh aaa story auph daad cameliomania inn portugal 'yaa peparmadhye, 1894 madhye portomadhil eka bagetoon jangalat 30 sanvardhit jaatee aananyache varnan kele aahe. 19 vya shatkat europemadhye camelia khoop lokpriy hote, jyamule udyane, shrimant sangrahak aanee' laa dame auks camelias 'hii kadambari preranadayi hotee.
prani.
2011 madhye prakashit jhalelya 'busako parvat aanee aaspaschya bhagatil prushthavanshiy vividhata' yaa ph. dii. prabandhat, sera doow bukakomadhye kelelya sanshodhanache dastaivajikaran kele gele aanee bukako jangalat jangalat sastan prani, pakshi, vatvaghale aanee ubhaycharanchya 56 prajati olakhalya gelya. 
gelya zod.
19 janewari 2013 roji, windstorm gong navachya chakrivadalane portugalla dhadak dilee, jyamule mothya pramanat vyatyay aala. jawalpas 10 laakh ghare vijevina rahili; hajaro zaade unmaloon padali aanee shekado haritgruhe uddhvast jhaali. portugalchya 'publico' vruttapatrane bukako janglala jhalelya mothya nukasanichi nond kelee, jyat 1644 madhye lavalele manale jaanare 'cedro dii saao jose' mhanoon olakhale jaanare eka cyprus nasht jhaale, 2 varshannantar jangalachya prashasakeey mandalane jaaree kelelya prasiddhipatrakat parinami saransh dilah 40 takkyanhun adhik jangalavar vadalacha gambhir parinam jhaala; carmelitechya kalatil dharmik imaratinna sanrachanatmak nuksan jhaale; jangalachya 86 ullekhaneey zadanpaiki 10 zadanchi kattal jhaali aanee 6 gambhiraritya nuksan jhaale. vartamanatil punarvasan aanee jangaltod, eka chhotya pravahavar pulache udghatan (vadalat kosalalelya eka chakratoon haah pool bandhanyat aala hota) aanee kosalalelya zadanvarun furniture tayar karnyasathi khajgi kshetratil bhagidari sthapan karnyavarhi prasiddhipatrakat charcha karnyat aalee.
srot.
ph. dii. prabandh
pustake
niyatkalike, parishad kagadpatre aanee ahwal
vruttapatre aanee vartamanpatre
prasiddhipatre, tathye aanee nakashe
sanketsthale

