kutra-tond asalela vatvaghool

kutra-mukh asalela butka vatvaghool (molosops tempinki) hii dakshin americetil mukt shepatichya vatvaghalachi eka prajati aahe. too argentine, bolivia, brazil, kolambiya, equador, gayana, peru, paraguay aanee uruguemadhye samanyatah qamee unchivar aadhalato. hii "molosops" vanshatil done prajatinpaiki eka aahe, dusari mhanje rufus kutryachya kutryachya vatvaghale ("emm. durlaksh "). teen upprajati anekada olakhalya jaatat, jaree sastan pranishastradnya judith egger yala konatyahi upprajatishivay ekvidh manato. haah eka lahan mukt shepaticha vatvaghool aahe, jyachi pudhil bajoo lambi aanee vajan; narr heey madipeksha mothe asatat. teey tapkiri asate, potachya fikat phara aanee pathichya gadad farsah. apavadatmakaritya rund pankhanchya tokansah, mukt shepatichya batsathi tyache pankh asamanya asatat. yavyatirikt, tyache pankh qamee bharit aahet, mhanje tyachya sharirachya vajanachya tulanet tyache pankh prushthbhag mothe aahe. tyamule, too tyachya swatachya kutumbatil itar prajatinpeksha wesper vatvaghalasarkhach udato. patang, bhring aanee itaransah tyachya keetak shikarasathi teey ratri chaara mhanoon, done prakarche varanvarta-niyantrit ecolocation coll vaparteh eka prakar mhanje khulya bhagat navigate karane aanee shikar shodhane, tarr dusra prakar astavyast bhagat navigate karnyasathi kinwa shikarichya vastoochya jawal pohochatana vaparla jaato.
tyachya punarutpadanabaddal phaar qamee mahitee aahe, garbhavati mahilanni julai teey decemberparyant tyachya shrenichya vividh bhaganmadhye dastaivajikaran kele aahe. varshik prajnan hangam asalelya kahee vatvaghalanchya ulat, maadee varshatoon anek vela garbhavati honyas saksham asoo shakatat. teey lahan gatanmadhye, samanyatah teen kinwa tyapeksha qamee, rahatat, jeey zadachya salakhali, khadkal baherchya bhaganmadhye kinwa imaratinmadhye kinwa kumpananchya khambanmadhil chhidranmadhyehi aadhaltat. ghubadanchya shoshanachi vyapti adnyat asali taree tyachya shikari pranyanmadhye ghubade asoo shakatat. tyat sutrakrumi, kestodes, trematodes, sukshmajiv, bagai aanee vatvaghool masha yasah vividh prakarche antargat aanee bahya parjivi aahet.
vargikaran.
kutra-mukh asalelya butkya vatvaghalala 1842 madhye danish pranishastradnya pieter wilheim lund yanni pratham naav dile, jyanni tyala aata-nishkriy asalelya 'diasops' yaa vanshamadhye thewale, jyache vaidnyanik naav 'diasops tempinki' aahe. tathapi, lundche naav 'nagna' ('nagna naav' kinwa kinwa vargikaran varnanamule asvikarya) manale gele aanee tyamule lundla vargikaran pradhikaran mhanoon manyata denyat aaleli nahee. tyaeivaji, adhikar german pranishastradnya herman bermester mhanoon deela jaato, jyala 1854 madhye vargikaran purese varnan kele hote asey nyay denyat aale. holotype brazilmadhil laas santa, minas gerais yethe gola karnyat aala hota. american pranishastradnya gerrit smith miller junier. 1907 madhye 'molosops' yaa vanshat thevun, tyache sadhyache naav sanyojan vaparnare teey pahile hote. 'teminki' yaa prajatichya navache upnam dutch pranishastradnya koenrad jacob temink aahe.
upprajatinchi eka badalanari sankhya olakhali jaate. molosops tempinki" chya chaar upprajatinna "emm.". asey naav denyat aale aahe. tii. teminki, "mea. tii. grissiventer, "emm. tii. sylvia "aanee" emm. tii. matogrocensis ". jaree 'emm' asale taree, aadhichya teen ajunahi kahijan upprajati mhanoon olakhatat. tii. matogrocensis hii aata keval eka vegali prajati mhanunach navhe tarr 'neoplatimops matogrocensis' yaa vegalya vanshamadhye dekhil olakhali jaate. stanshastradnya judith egger yanni matra, 'dakshin amerikechya sastan pranyan' madheel konatyahi upprajatis olakhale nahee. kutra-tond asalela butka vatvaghool aanee kutra-tond asalela rufus vatvaghool (mea. abahelit') yaa 'molosops' vanshatil keval done prajati aahet. anuvanshik vishleshan asey suchavate qee "molosops" prajati "cyanomops" vanshatil prajatinshi jawalun sambandhit aahet; tyaa "eumops", "molosus", "promops", "nictinomops" aanee "neoplatimops" yaa vanshansah eka vanshamadhye aahet.
varnan.
mukt shepatiche vatvaghale, molosidae kutumbasathi kutra-tond asalele butke vatvaghale lahan manale jaatat. vyaktinchi ekoon lambi, hatachi lambi aanee shepatichi lambi. tyache vajan asate. heey laingikdrushtya dvirup aahe, jyamadhye maadee purushanpeksha lahan asatat; heey kavatichya mojmapanmadhye visheshtah lakshat yete. tyachya farancha rung badalato; pathichya farancha rung gadad teey halka tapkiri asato, jyachya vyakti vankshetrat adhik koradya bhaganpeksha gadad asatat. potachi phara halakya rangachi aanee samanyatah rakhadi rangachi asate. tyache qaan lahan aanee trikoni asatat, jyat trikoni traggy (qaan nalachya samore upasthi prakshepan) asate. tyachya kavaticha varcha bhag sapat asato, aanee tichya shikharavar kamkuvat dhanurvat asate. tyache naak lamb aanee sapat asate, jyachi toke bholee aanee gulgulit asatat. nasika puralasarkhya fodanni vedhalelya asatat. purushanmadhye eka guller granthi asate jee vasahatichya sadasyanna sugandh chinhankit karnyasathi vaparali jaate. tyache ekoon 26 datanche dant sootra aahe.
pratyek angathyachya payathyashi eka suvikasit padd asalele tyache lahan angathe aahet. tyachya europatagiumchya (shepatichya padadyachya) kathavar vegale calkers (cartilage spurse) asatat; calkers mageel payachya shepatichya ardhya lambipeksha jaast asatat. tyache pankh tyachya mageel avyavanna tibiyachya madhyabhagi jodalele asatat. tyache pankh mothe aanee rund aahet aanee tyache pankh qamee bharit aahet, mhanje tyachya sharirachya vajanachya tulanet tyache pankh mothe aahet. mukt shepatichya batsathi tyachya pankhanchya tokanvar apavadatmakaritya rund asatat. kutra-tond asalela butka vatvaghool tyachya lahan aakarane kutra-tond asalelya vatvaghoolapeksha vegala karoo shakato; nantarchya vatvaghalachi lambi samanyatah tyachya hatapeksha jaast asate.
jivashastra aanee paryavaran.
punarutpadan.
ekandarit, tyachya punarutpadanabaddal phaar qamee mahitee aahe. julaimadhye venezuelamadhye, september aanee decembermadhye brazilmadhye, septembermadhye boliviamadhye aanee aktoobar aanee novembermadhye argentinamadhye garbhavati mahila aadhalalya aahet. kahee lekhakanni asey gruheet dharale aahe qee striya polyestrus asoo shakatat kinwa varshatoon anek vela garbhavati honyas saksham asoo shakatat. argentinamadhye argentinamadhye done garbhavati mahilancha kachara aakar eka santaticha hota. 
vartan.
kutra-tond asalela butka vatvaghool madhyam pramanat samajik asato, joou samanyatah teenpeksha jaast vyaktinchya chhotya gatanmadhye rahato. pithelobium' zadanchya salakhali pandhra jananche gut kondalele aadhalale aahet. tyat kondyachya lavchik garja aahet aanee kondyasathi khadkal baherche bhag, imarati, zadanche pokale kinwa pokal kumpan khamb vaparu shakatat. tee ratra asate, lock sandhyakalchya sumaras tyanche ghar charyasathi sodatat.
aahar aanee chaara.
kutra-tond asalela butka vatvaghool haah eka kitakbhakshi prani aahe, joou udanyachya darmyan keetak pakadato. mukt shepatichya batsathi heey tulanene mand asate, jeey samanyatah uchch gatisathi anukool asatat aanee udanyachi vaishishtye wesper batsarkhich asatat. tyacha andajit uddan veg aahe. done prakarchya colcha vapar karoon, shikar shodhanyasathi aanee shodhanyasathi teey ecolocationcha vapar karate. pahilya prakarche coll mhanje varchya dishene-utaar, varanvarta modulated coll, jeey sumare 40 keey. etch. zed. varanvartepasun suru hotat aanee 50 keey. etch. zed. varr sampatat. colcha kalavadhi tulanene lamb asato, sarasari 7.8 milisekandancha asato aanee coll darmyan 97 milisekandansaha teey adhik antarane asatat. shikar shodhatana kinwa akhand jaaget navigate kartana yaa colcha vapar keela jaato. jaato prakarche coll mhanje khalchya dishene-utaar, varanvarta modulated coll, jeey sumare 65-70 khzedpasoon suru hotat aanee 30-35 khzedvar sampatat. yaa colcha kalavadhi qamee asato (4.7 millisekand) aanee teey jawal jawal yetat (50.8 milisekandanche interpulse interval). adhik avyavasthit vatavaranat navigate kartana kinwa shikar shikar vastoochya jawal pohochatana tyancha vapar keela jaato. mukt shepatichya vatvaghalasathi tyachi ecolocation vaishishtye asamanya manali jaatat, kaaran tee jawalchya antaravar asalelya uchch varanvartevar lahan, varanvarta modulated coll vaparte. hii ecolocation vaishishtye lahan shikarichya vastoonna vanaspatisarkhya parshvabhoomichya avyavasthepasun vegale karnyasathi anukool aahet. tyachya aaharat bhring, patang, masha, kharey keetak, hymenoptera prajati aanee tide aanee catidids yancha samavesh hoto.
shikari aanee parjivi.
tyachya naisargik shikari pranyambaddal farshi mahitee nahee, parantu tyache avashesh ekekali argentinamadhil kothar ghubadanchya golimadhye nondavale gele hote. tyachya endoperacytesmadhye (antargat parjivi) vampyrolepis vanshatil sestodes; "elentotius", "capilleria" aanee "molostrongylus" yaa vanshatil sutrakrumi aanee "anterotrema", "ocoterrentrema" aanee "eurotrema" yaa vanshatil trematodes yancha samavesh hoto. tyachya ectoperacytesmadhye (bahya parajivinmadhye) 'ornithodoros hasei' aanee 'emblioma'; sukshmajiv 'chiroptonesis venezolanus', 'spinternics americanus', 'macronisus', 'trombicula', 'steatonisus' aanee 'chiroptonesis'; vatvaghale 'basilia carteri' (nicteribidae) aanee 'tricobius jubatus' (strabliday) udatat; aanee 'hesperoctin' jaatiche kharey keetak yancha samavesh hoto.
vitaran aanee adhivas.
kutra-mukh asalela butka vatvaghool keval dakshin americet aadhalato, jyamadhye argentine, bolivia, brazil, kolambiya, equador, gayana, paraguay, peru, urugue aanee venezuela yancha samavesh aahe. prastavit upprajati 'emm. tii. sylvia 'heey courients prant, argentine aanee urugue yethoon olakhale jaate. "magdelena nadichya nadichya kolambiyamadhye tasech tolima, meta aanee kundanamarka vibhaganmadhye 'molosops tempinki grisaventor' olakhale jaate. namnirdeshit upaprajati, "emm. tii. teminki', heey paraguay, uttar argentine aanee anek brazilian rajyanmadhun nondavale gele aahe. hii prajati samanyatah qamee unchichya bhagat aadhalate. yaa prajatichi sarvat mothee unchichi nond samudraspatipasun aahe, jee kolambiyamadhye hotee. amazonian sakhal pradesh, cerrado (ushnakatibandhiy savana), cattinga (koradi zudup jameen), pantnel (panthal jaaga), atlantic jungle, alto parana atlantic jangale aanee argentinachya espinals vividh jaivakshetranmadhye aanee paryavaraniy pradeshanmadhye heey aadhalale aahe.

