kolonmadhil natyasrushticha itihas

germanytil collon yetheel natyagruhachya itihasachi mule madhyayugat aahet. jaree roman vasahati claudia aaraa agripinensiummadhye pracheen kalatil kalbahya collon natyagruhachya astitvache sandarbh aahet, tasech itar roman shaharansathi dekhil siddha jhaale aahe (udaa.jee. menz, trier kinwa zanten). roman bhootkalat rangbhumivaril natakachi hii sanskruti vikasit jhaali asali taree, yaa kalashi aanee swarupashi thet sambandh shatkannantarparyant nahee. jaree madhyayugat collon heey europemadhil sarvat mahattvachya shaharanpaiki eka hote, taree natya kshetrat yaa shaharala konatehi mahatva navhate. shatkanushatke mahapouranchya anishchitatemule rangbhumichya kshetratil pramukh german shaharanmadhye collon haah apavad tharala. yaa kalechya punarujjivanantar, kolonmadhil rangbhumitahi aadhunik itihasat badal jhaala.
collon natyagruhacha agradoot.
madhyayugat 'natak' heey pramukhyane eka dharmik prakaran (goodh aanee utkat natake) hote, jyamadhye vishvasoo lokanna sahasa santanchya kathanchi sadarikaran sadar kelee jaat asey, bahutek sanasudichya divashi vishvasoo lokanna sadar kele jaat asey, mhanoon kolonchya nagarikanni sudharit berlesk aanee udayonmukh carnival natkanvyatirikt, 1539 madhye prathamach burjuva samoohane sadar kelelya natakanche sadarikaran anubhavale.
mudrak jasper wonn genep (see. 1500-1564) dakhavale gele. tyachya manchavaril yashane vicharanche purogami dharmnirpekshata darshavili, jyamadhye burjuva varganehi haloohaloo hii sanskruti swatachya hatat ghetali. madhyayugeen charchchya natkanmadhye kalakaranchya kalatmak karyatil swatachya aanandavar laksh kendrit kele jaat navhate, kinwa tyanna shulkachi prerana dekhil navhati, teey bhavna-rahit panth kinwa vidhee prakriya hote. asha prakare 'homulus' kalakar heey kolonchya burjuva vargatil serve samanya lock hote, jeey utsah aanee pratibhene kalatmakpane tayar kelelya kathanakanche anusaran karat asat.
herman wonn weinsbergney dilelya vruttanusar, tyanni sadar kelelya natakanna khoop lokpriyata midali. udaharanarth, seent laurencechi shokantika pratham 1581 madhye seent laurencechya vidvananni sadar kelee aanee seent laurensver anek varshe punaravrutti kelee. anek prekshakansamor laurence day (10 august).
1620 salapasoon 'bertram wonn hilden' kadoon aamchyakade aalela pahila mudrit dastaivaj mhanje montner vyayamshaletil vidyarthyanchya sadarikaranache patrak aahe, jyamadhye raja assurus zerxisbaddalchya natkachya karyakramache varnan kele gele hote.
17 vya shatkaparyant haushi kalakar vyavsayik abhinete banale naheet, ingraji pickleheringchya udaharananantar, jyanni bhatkya lokansah deshacha pravas keela. asha prakare, tyanni anandadayi aanee upayukt goshtinche mishran kele aanee abhinay kaushalyane tyanche jeevan jagale. sadarikaran sahasa dupari aanee suruvatila khulya havet kele jaat asey. nantar, visheshtah vyast gallyanchya kathavaril kinwa chaukanmadhye, jase qee pattyanpasoon banavalela munch ubharanyat aala. kolonchya pahilya natya imarati sansthanachya imarati navhatya, tarr khajgi natyagruhe kinwa nagarpalika malmatta hotya. nantarchya lokanmadhye 'ballhoss auph dair apostelstrace' heey brulloff hausache (tyachya viruddha) eka sabhagruh hote-jeey bahutekda natya sadarikaranasathi vaparale jaate-800 lokanchi kshamata asalele. heey ghar 14 vya shatkachya suruvatila (purvi hartman dame vision) kutumbache hote, 1417 paryant kattar wonn vitalmershoven kutumbache hote aanee 1561 madhye shaharat gele. teey 1595 madhye "katzban" mhanoon suru jhaale aanee 1648 pasoon ballroom mhanoon pramanit kele gele; tyache bhadekaru niklas kisselstein hote. 1827 madhye modkalis aalyane too padnyat aala. seent parishche "gabuirhoss". brigedne natyagruh mhanoonahi kaam kele. tyaveli serve sadarikaran collon parishadechya dekharekhikhali hote. yavyatirikt, 17 vya shatkapasoon, anek vela aniyamit antarane sadarikaran kele gele aahe.
newmarkwar eka lakadi ghar.
ghar kalapasoon, collon parishadecha shaharat kayamswarupi munch sthapan karnyachya prayatnanna nehmich virodh hota. eka pravasi natya samoohache mukhyadhyapak franz joseph sebastiani 27 meey 1763 roji aaplya pravasachya manchasah humarcut yethe pohochale aanee tyanni tethe 'braterhoss jur opera' prastavit keela, joou matra nagarikanchya nishedhamule pratyakshat yeu shakala nahee. 11 juuna 1763 roji shaharane pudhil bandhkam thambavale. 14 juuna 1763 roji, sentchya viruddha mauravar newmarkwar eka jaaga niyukt karnyat aalee. preshit ". 8 julai 1763 roji tyane collon shaharachya parishadela tithe eka sadarikaranasathi aamantrit kele. sebastiani shevati 7 juuna 1765 roji dilelya patrat shaharala punha eka 'vinodi ghar' ubharanyachi parvanagi magitali-punha newmarkatvar. keval 'bernarden' navacha natya digdarshak joseph felix wonn kurz shaharala patvoon deu shakala. tyane meey 1768 madhye tyache frankfurt natyagruh uddhvast kele aanee teey jahajane rayan olandun colonela nele. pahile sthir natyagruh 'duesh shebuhne' 19 meey 1768 roji newmarkvaril lakadi gharat ughadale gele. teey eka sadhe chaar majali ardhi lakud asalele ghar hote, jithe hivalyat teey khadatar aanee unhalyat khoop garam hote, jeey pendha aanee gavat yanche dukan mhanoonahi kaam karat hote. udghatanasathi jiovanni buttista pergolisi yanche 'laa seva padrona' heey opera hote. udghatanasathi tayar kelelya eka nondit jaheer kele qee "shree. yanche german natyagruh. joseph wonn curtz timpani aanee ranshingadyanchya aavajane ughade padat asey... laa serve padrona' yaa ganyachya ganyat, swatah germanmadhye anuvadit (courtz), 11 ariaz aanee eka manoranjak samoohageet dekhil aahe...". 1779 madhye hii imarat aadhich modkalis aalee hotee, parantu sadarikaran 1783 paryant chaloo rahile.
pahile kayamswarupi ghar.
6 march 1782 chya parishadechya tharavavar aadharit, berger capton aanee dance hallcha malak franz caspar rodiusla shaharache vastuvisharad johann caspar dechen yanni tyachya sanshayaspad thikanajaval smearstrazver eka vitanche vinodi ghar bandhanyasathi 24 varshancha parwana denyat aala. madhyayugat yethe parismadhye teel aanee teel teel navavarun smearstrazche naav denyat aale. 10 march 1486 roji shaharane rastyavaril pattya hatavanyacha nirnay ghetala. pahilya dagadi natyagruhachya imaratiche bandhkam 21 februwari 1782 roji suru jhaale aanee shulk aakarun aayojit kelele serve mahattvache manoranjan 800 aasankshamatechya naveen vinodi gharat karave lagale. johann heinrich boham yanchya digdarshanakhali shakespearechya richard II chya pratham pradarshanasah, 'nyu previllaged comedy haus' easter 1783 madhye ughadale gele.
35 meater lambichya, 16.90-metre-wide aanee 10 meater unchichya imarativar shilalekh hotah sangitmay sangitmay shaili 1783 ("sangitmay rachana nehmich mukt asatat 1783"), aanee tyachya agrabhagala jodalelya valukashma fuldanya 1790 madhye preshitanchya charchsathi pratikruti kelya gelya. 12.50 meater × 15 meterchya manchavar samkalinanni khoop lahan asalyache mhatale hote. sabhagruhane teen majali tokdar andakruti aakarache eka rangbhumi tayar kele. 1805-1806 madhye, tyala mathius joseph dii noelne tayar keleli aanee roopak aanee sachitra kamanni samruddha asalelya maximilian fuksdware amalat aanaleli eka naveen sajavat midali, jyamadhye rokoko vatavaranachi jaaga "egyptian chav" madhye naveen samrajya shailine ghetali. vahanachya dhaddhadyanni prekshakanna tras houu naye mhanoon, darroj sandhyakali smearstrazla vedha ghatala jaat asey. french kalat rastyanchya navanchya sudharananchya darmyan, 16 december 1812 roji smearstrasseche naav badaloon commodienstrase asey karnyat aale; natyagruh commodienstrase kra. 40/42 french kalatil kabjadharkanni rastyala "ruu deey laa komedi" heey naav denyachi sandhee mhanoon smearstrassaver ubhe asalelya commodianhoscha vapar keela. collon sangrahak aanee kalanche aashraydate ferdinand franz walraf yanni nantar naav badalanyasathi yashasviritya moheem rabavali. 1827 madhye modkalis aalyane natyagruh padave lagale.
dusare natyagruh.
1826 madhye, shrimant nagarikankadun arthsahayyit naveen natya imaratisathi arthsahayya karnyasathi 'stadcolnishe theater-actian-veren' chee sthapana karnyat aalee. bandhkam sthalavarun jhalelya sangharshanantar teey commodienstrazshy chikatoon rahile. parismadhye parismadhye collon vastuvisharad jacob ignaz hittorfney eka rachana tayar kelee, parantu tyachi amalbajavani shevati khoop mahag asalyache nakarnyat aale. naveen imarat shevati collon royal building inspector mathius bearcher yanni bandhali. commodienstrase yethe collon "commodienhos" chee payabharani 8 november 1827 roji karnyat aalee aanee bandhkam april 1828 madhye suru jhaale. 75,000 talarchya bandhkam aanee bandhkam kharchachya keval 9 mahinyanantar, natyagruhane 1540 aasananchi kshamata deu kelee. tyachya praveshdvaravar ludimus ephysium vite ('aamhi jivanachi pratima khelato') haah shilalekh hota, tyachya sabhagruhala changle dhvanishastra hote aanee teen star aanee eka dalan asalele logentheatre mhanoon tyachi rachana karnyat aalee hotee. 21.20 meater × 27.90 meterver, haah munch germanytil sarvat mothya manchanpaiki eka hota. 19 janewari 1829 roji ludwig spoharchya opera 'jesonda' saha udghatan jhaale. 22 julai 1859 roji, aajubajuchya bhinti vagalata, teey aagit nasht jhaale. 1 september 1862 roji punha ughadalyanantar, 16 februwari 1869 roji aanakhi eka aagit too nasht jhaala, jyat 7 janancha mrutyu jhaala. paryayi thikan, 'actian-theater' dekhil 9 meey 1869 roji purnapane jaloon khaq jhaale. teey collon prani udyan aanee vanaspati vanaspati udyanadarmyan frongase yethe hote aanee 21 april 1867 roji unhali natyagruh mhanoon ughadale gele. aarthik karananmule, glockengasemadhye eka naveen natyagruh bandhanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala.
yaa kalat kolonchi loksankhya satatyane vadhat gelee. 1867 chya sumaras, sumare 1,25,000 nagrik shaharat rahat hote, 1871 madhye aadhich sumare 1,30,000 aanee anek upnagarancha samavesh jhalyanantar aadhich 280,000 peksha jaast. yaa aakadevarisah shaharachya aarthik vadhisah, dusarya natyagruhachya bandhkamache spashtikaran mhanoon pahile jaau shakate.
stadtheater glockengase.
15 juuna 1870 roji payabharani kelyanantar kra. collon shaharache vastuvisharad julius carl raschdorff yanni rachana kelelya nagarpalika natyagruhache darvaje 1 september 1872 roji vebarchya "dair freeshutz" saha 1800 hoon adhik jagansah 1633 chauras meterchya bandhalelya kshetravar ughadale gele. german punarujjivanachya shailit, meater lambichya, meater rundichya aanee meater unchichya imaratichya bandhkamasathi 700000 gunancha kharch aala. uttarela, glokengsekade tond karoon, madhyavarti imarat aanee purv aanee paschimela pasarlelya done bajuchya porchmadhye vibhagali gelee hotee. johannes boham yanna 10 februwari 1873 roji natyagruh chalvanyasathi savalat midali, jyamule collon natyagruhat eka naveen yugachi suruvat jhaali. yethe aupera, apereta, natak aanee balley yanna aata tyanchi jaaga midayachi hotee. natyagruhache pahile digdarshak aanee swatah eka aupera gayak heinrich behar yanni udghatanprasangi lessingche natak 'minnah wonn barnhelm' sadar kele hote. 1905 madhye max marterstig heey digdarshak hote. 29 juuna 1943 roji ghatali mahayuddhat bombsfot karoon tyacha naash hoiparyant heey ghar tikale. 1943 madhye shaharane shaharane jaaga tabyat ghetali.
lahan chitrapatgruhe.
juuna 1869 madhye prushiyatil vyapar niyamanmule natya vyavasayache udarikaran jhalyanantar, mothya natyagruhambarobarach kahee natyaprakaranmadhye visheshatva asaleli anek lahan natyagruhe kolonmadhye ughadali gelee. 1844 madhye eka 'maifiliche natyagruh aanee cafey haus' bandhale, jyat 3,000 lock basoo shakat hote, parantu march 1849 chya suruvatilach teey jaloon khaq jhaale. december 1847 madhye tyanni aadhich nakalatpane shieldergass 49 yethe uttaradhikari imaratichi vyavastha kelee hotee, jyachya bollroomla pratham 'vadeville theater', nantar 'thalia theater' aanee 1882 pasoon 'wilheim theater' asey mhatale jaat hote. 1856 madhye bahereel byenstrabe 29/31 madhye 2400 jagansah bandhanyat aalele tyache 'konigshale' heey natyagruh, maifiliche sabhagruh aanee ballroom mhanoon kaam karat hote. 24 september 1863 roji collon shaharane hii imarat kharedi karnyacha prastav nakarla, jyache nantar candy karkhanyat rupantar karnyat aale.
gertrudenhoff (topananav "gistersters") heey november 1859 pasoon circus sanchalak auskar carreche hote aanee 1875 madhye rashtriy udarmatvadi bhavananchya samajane "lez" neey vikat ghetaleli eka prajati hotee. 25 august 1878 roji teey jaloon khaq jhaale. carrey aanakhi shejaril malmatta midvu shakalyanantar, 1878 madhye master builder heinrich nagleschmidtne 'circus carrey' yaa navane kayamswarupi circus bandhala hota. 1886 madhye, geterudenstra 10 yetheel teey "richshalen und aperetan theater" banale; aupera haus aanee theaternanter heey kolonmadhil tisare sarvat mothe theater hote. tyanche kathputali natyagruh richshalen natyagruhat halavale aanee 10 meey 1895 roji colonianmadhil jewels vern yanni '80 divasat pruthvibhovati pravas' karoon bhavya udghatan karyakramasah aajchya volk theaterche udghatan kele. manuel moslerchya malkichi newmarkvaril gaterudenhoff september 1869 madhye ughadali gelee. rehler turmchain 1 yetheel 'victoriya-theater' heey 1867 paryant unhali natyagruh hote, tyachya vidhvansanantar 21 april 1867 roji vanaspati vanaspati udyan aanee collon prani udyan (frongase) darmyan unhali natyagruh mhanoon 'actian-theater' ughadale gele. jalalelya shospielhossathi paryayi natyagruh mhanoon teey kaam karat hote, parantu teen mahinyanantar 9 meey 1869 roji purnapane jaloon khaq jhaale. 1870 madhye bandhanyat aalelya "tivoli natyagruh" chey 22 juuna 1874 rojihi tech bhavitavya tharale. natyagruh chaloo thevanyasathi, "thalia-natyagruh" aanee "gertrudenhoff" madhye sadarikaran chaloo rahile, parantu heey dekhil 25 august 1878 roji jaloon khaq jhaale. meey 1868 madhye, "flora summer natyagruh" 1200 jagansah (1908 paryant) ughadale gele. actien-und flora-theatermadhe jacks offenbackchya kamanche jaagtik premiere aayojit kele gele hote. shevatchya mothya khajgi chitrapatgruhanpaiki eka mhanoon, 1888 madhye shildergasvar 'wilhelm theater' padnyat aale. kolonchya nagarikansathi, 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat natyagruhat jaane haah sarvat lokpriy vishranticha upkram hota. 1912 madhye freesenstrage 44-46 yethe verity theater ughadale gele, tyat "bonbonier" saha eka separi hotee. yuddhachya nashanantar 1948 madhye yethe sartarii-seela bandhanyat aale.
habsberg ringvareel koloncha pahila aupera.
mothya pramanavar samavesh jhalyanantar, nagarparishadet aanakhi eka manchgruhachya garjebaddal konatihi shanka navhati. meey 1898 madhye, aachenar strab aanee richard-wagner-strab darmyanchya jagevar habsberger ringvar naveen imarat bandhanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. sthapatyakala spardha carl mauritz yanni jinkley, jyanni kolonmadhye nagarpalika sanrachanatmak abhiyantriki karyalayat shahar imarat nirikshak mhanoon kaam kele. tyachya rachnemule nava-barok shailitil upahargruh aanee bagechya gachchisah eka imarat tayar jhaali. 1902 madhye purn jhalelya yaa imaratit 1800 jaaga hotya aanee bandhkamasathi 39 laakh german sonyache thase kharch aale. kolonmadhye aata done mothee natyagruhe hotee, jee aadhi 'verinigte stadtheater' mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee aanee hangamapasun 1906/1907 aupera haus aanee plehaus mhanoon, parantu sanyuktapane chalavali jaat hotee. naveen natyagruhat aata pramukhyane aupera aanee natak, glockengase natak aanee apereta madheel 'june' ghar sadar kele gele. shospielhosche sanchalak julius hoffman yanni donhi gharanche kamkaj haatee ghetale. chitrapatgruhe aata fayadeshir udyog manali jaat asalyane hofmanne suruvatila swatachya khatyat bhadekaru mhanoon vyavasthapan sweekarle. tathapi, dhvanimudrik natyagruhe aanee chitrapatgruhe yasarkhya naveen karamanukichya sthalanchya udayamule donhi natyagruhe lavkarach qamee lokpriy jhalyamule, 1905 pasoon nagarpalika natyagruhanna anudan denyat aale.
27 november 1926 roji, 20 vya shatkachya purvardhatil sarvat mahattvachya kamanpaiki eka, belah bartockche balley pantomime 'daad mireculus manderine', habsberg ring aupera hausmadhye pradarshit karnyat aale. yaa bhagamule natyaprasang jhaala aanee tatkalin laurd mahapour konrad ednoir yanni pudhil sadarikaranavar bandee ghatali.
ghatali mahayuddhadarmyan anukrame 22 november 1943 aanee 14 meey 1944 roji bombsfotanmule aupera hausache mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale. aanee 1958 madhye too padnyat aala. tatpurte thikan tevha nagarpalika vidyapithache sabhagruh hote.
sadhyachi paristhiti.
shospielhoss aanee auperachi punarbandhani karnyat aalee nahee. darmyan, nagarpalika natyagruhanchi sankhya vadhatach gelee aahe. buhnen dair stad collan (collon shaharache tappe) natak, balley aanee natya ityadisathi serve nagarpalika sadarikaran sthale ekatra karatat. yavyatirikt, ichchuk abhyagatanna mothya sankhyene khajgi cabarey chitrapatgruhe, jyat vistrut aanee atyadhunik pradarshane dekhil asateel, tee sapadtil.

