check prajasattakachi arthvyavastha

check prajasattakachi arthvyavastha hii seva, utpadan aanee navkalpananvar aadharit eka vikasit niryat-kendrit samajik bajarpeth arthvyavastha aahe jee uchch utpann asalele kalyankari rajya aanee european samajik model rakhate. check prajasattak european unioncha sadasya mhanoon european ekal bajarpethet sahbhagi hote aanee mhanunach too european unionchya arthvyavasthecha eka bhag aahe. teey yuroaivaji check koruna heey swatache chalan vaparte. tee aarthik sahkarya aanee vikas sanghatanechi (oo. ii. see. dii.) sadasya aahe. asamanata-samayojit manvi vikasat check prajasattak prajasattak kramankavar aanee jaagtik bankechya manav bhandwal nirdeshankat nirdeshankat kramankavar aahe, jeey america, united kingdam kinwa francesarkhya deshanpeksha pudhe aahe. daad guardian" neey tyache varnan "europechya sarvat bharbharatichya arthvyavasthanpaiki eka" asey kele hote.
arthvyavasthet udyog kshetracha vaataa 37 takke aahe, tarr seva kshetracha vaataa 61 takke aanee sheticha vaataa 2 takke aahe. uchch tantradnyanachi abhiyantriki, electronics aanee yantranirman, polad utpadan, vahtook upkarane (vahan, railway aanee aerospace udyog), rasayne, pragat sahitya aanee aushadhanirman heey pramukh udyog aahet. sanshodhan aanee vikas, aay. see. tii. aanee software vikas, nanoe tantradnyan aanee jeevan vidnyan yaa pramukh seva aahet. trunadhanye, vanaspatijanya tele aanee hops hii tyachi mukhya krishi utpadane aahet.
 krayshaktichya samanatenusar check jee. dii. pii. dardoi 50,961 dollar aanee nammatra mulyanusar 31,368 dollar aahe. check prajasattakatil berojgaricha darr europeey mahasanghatil sarvat qamee 2.6% hota aanee denmarknantar oo. eae. dii. sadasyanmadhye garibeecha darr denmarknantar kramankacha sarvat qamee aahe. aarthik swatantryachya nirdeshankat (chilichya mage) check prajasattak prajasattak kramankavar, jaagtik navinyapurn nirdeshankat (yuu. aii. eae. chya mage) mage) kramankavar, jaagtik spardhatmakata ahavalat ahavalat kramankavar, vyavasay sulbhatechya nirdeshankat nirdeshankat kramankavar aanee jaagtik saksham vyapar ahavalat (canadachya mage) mage) kramankavar aahe. niryat aanee aayat yaa donhisathi sarvat motha vyapari bhagidar germany aahe, tyanantar european unionche itar sadasya aahet. check prajasattakat atyant vaividhyapurn arthvyavastha aahe jee 2019 chya aarthik guntaguntichya nirdeshankat 7 vya kramankavar aahe.
itihas.
1989 purvi.
german mahasanghachya kalat europe khandatil pahilya audhyogikrut deshanpaiki check bhoomi hotee. check audhyogik parampara 19 vya shatkapasoon suru hote, jevha bohemian mukutchya bhoomi austriyan samrajyache aarthik aanee audhyogik kendra hote aanee nantar austriya-hangerichi austriyan bajoo hotee. check bhoomivar samrajyatil serve audhyogik vastunpaiki bahutansh (sumare 70 takke) utpadan hote, jyapaiki kahee jawaljawal maktedarichya hotya. chekoslovak mukut april 1919 madhye sadar karnyat aala. austriya-hungarian chalanachya 1:1 gunottarane sadar karnyat aala, too europemadhil sarvat sthir chalananpaiki eka banala. pahile prajasattak jagatil 10 sarvat vikasit deshanpaiki eka banale (yuu. ess. chya mage.ess.canada, austreliya, switzerland, argentine, britton, france, sweeden aanee belgium).
belgium) munich kararache parinam aanee tyanantarchya vyaparache parinam arthvyavasthesathi vinashkari hote. jaree anadhikrut vinimay darr 1 teey 6-7 hota aanee german lokanni lagechach mothya pramanat check vastoo kharedi karnyas suruvat kelee, taree german aarthik hitsambandhanchya tabyat aanee arthvyavastheche jabardastine adhinatva aalyanantar, mukut adhikrutpane 1:10 chya gunottarane chinhankit karnyat aala.
stallinchya niyojit parasparavalambanachya vikas dhorananusar, samajvadi deshanchya serve arthvyavastha soviet unionshi ghattapane jodalelya hotya. chekslovakia haah purvekadil gatatil sarvat samruddha desh hota, matra too urvarit vikasit jagachya tulanet aanakhi mage rahila. 1991 madhye samyavadi aarthik aaghadiche vighatan jhalyanantar, check utpadakanni purvekadil majee samyavadi deshanmadhil tyanchi paramparik bajarpeth gamavali.
aaj haah varsa hii eka malmatta aanee dayitva donhi aahe. check prajasattakat sushikshit loksankhya aanee daat vikasit payabhoot suvidha aahet.
1989-1995.
1989 madheel makhmali krantine sakhol aanee shashvat rajkiy aanee aarthik sudharananna sandhee dilee. aantarrashtriy vittiy nidhine (aay. emm. eff.) janewari janewari 'bigg bang' asey label lavalelya shock therapichya parshvabhumivar aarthik punarujjivanachi chinhe disu lagali. tevhapasoon, satatyapurn udarikaran aanee chatur aarthik vyavasthapanamule serve kimmativaril 95 takke niyantran, qamee berojgari, deyakanche sakaratmak santulan, sthir vinimay darr, purvichya samyavadi aarthik gut bajaratoon paschim europemadhye niryatiche sthalantar aanee tulanene qamee parkeey karj door jhaale aahe. itar kahee deshanchya tulanet chalanwadh jaast aahe-mukhytah 10 takkyanchya shreneet-aanee sarkarne satatyane alp arthsankalpiy toot chalavali aahe.
sarkarche done pradhanyakram mhanje kathor vittiy dhorane aanee prajasattakat prajasattakat guntavanukisathi changle vatavaran nirman karane. chalanachya avmoolyananantar, american dollarchya sandarbhat mukut sthir rahila aahe. 1995 chya uttaradhat bahutek vyavsayik karanansathi check mukut purnapane parivartaneey jhaala.
arthvyavasthela chalana denyasathi aanee paradeshi bhagidaranna aakarshit karnyasathi sarkarne guntavanukivar niyantran niyantran kayadeshir aanee prashasakeey sanrachanet sudharana kelee aahe. soviet unionchya vighatananantar, toparyant yuu. ess. ess. aar. chya niryativar atyant avalambun asalelya deshala aarthik drushtikonat aamulagra badal karava lagalah purvepasoon door aanee paschimekade. yamule vidyaman banking aanee dursanchar suvidhanchi punarrachana karane aavashyak jhaale, tasech pashchatya mankannusar vyavsayik kayade aanee paddhati samayojit karane aavashyak jhaale. ekach pramukh bhagidaravarche avalambitva aanakhi qamee karoon, tyanantarchya check sarkaranni tumche swagat kele aahe.ess. paschim europeey bhagidaranchya, visheshtah tyanchya shaktishali shejari germanychya majboot aarthik prabhavachya pratikar mhanoon guntavanuk (itarambarobarach). jaree thet parkeey guntavanuk (eff. dii. aay.) asman chakranmadhye chaalat asali, taree 1990 teey march 1998 darmyan ekoon eff. dii. aay. chya 12.9% vaataa asalela yuu.ess. germany aanee netherlands nantar, check arthvyavasthetil too tisra sarvat motha paradeshi guntavanukdar hota.
jevha check prajasattak aantarrashtriy patasansthankadun guntavanuk-shreniche patmanankan midavanara pahila samyavadanantarcha desh tharala, tevha sthir guntavanuk vatavaran nirman karnyachya dishene pragati manya jhaali.
deshat bharbharatiche grahak utpadan kshetra aahe aanee vouture khasgikaran pranalidware bahutek sarkari malkichya avjad udhyoganche khajgikaran kele aahe. yaa pranaliantargat, pratyek nagrikala, konatyahi sarkari malkichya companychya sambhavya sambhaganche pratinidhitva karnare voutureche pustak, madhyam kimmatila kharedi karanyachi sandhee denyat aalee hotee. tyanantar vouture dharak tyanchya vouturechi guntavanuk karoo shakatat, nivadalelya companycha bhandavali aadhar vadhavu shakatat aanee nagrik bhagdharkanche rashtra nirman karoo shakatat. heey russian khasgikaranachya ulat aahe, jyamadhye nagarikanna sambhag hastantaran karnyaivaji khajgi companyanna samudayik malmatta vikane samavisht hote. yaa dhoranacha parinam natyamay jhaala aahe. samyavadachya kalat, vyavasayanchi rajya malki 97 takke asalyacha andaj hota. 1992 madhye purvichya malakanna sthavar malmatta parat midvoon khasgikaran mothya pramanat purn jhaale. 1998 paryant 80 takkyanhun adhik udyog khajgi hatat hote. aata purn jhalelya yaa karyakramamule, pratyek check companyche sambhag asalele check heey jagatil sarvadhik dardoi sambhag malakanpaiki eka banale aahet. 
1995-2000.
deshache aarthik parivartan purnatvas ajoon aalele navhate. 1997 madheel rajkiy aanee aarthik sankatanni samyavadanantarchya rajyanpaiki sarvat sthir aanee samruddha rajya mhanoon check prajasattakachi pratima modoon kadhali. udhyoganchya punarrachanetil vilamb aanee changlya prakare karyarat asaleli bhandavali bajarpeth vikasit karnyat apayash yamule check aarthik samasyanmadhye pramukh bhoomika bajavali, jyacha shevat meey mahinyat chalan sankatat jhaala. guntavanukdaranni tyanche koruna sarkar vikat gheu shakat nahee tyapeksha vegane vikale mhanoon purviche mudrankit chalan eka tarangatya pranalimadhye dhakalale gele. tyanantar tyaa varshi vikasansheel deshankadun maghar ghenyacha jagbharatil cull disun aala. prajasattakatil aarthik parivartan purnatvas aalele nahee, ashee chintechi baab guntavanukdaranna hotee. chaloo khatyatil toot hii aanakhi eka guntaguntichi baab hotee, jee jee. dii. pii. chya jawalpas 8 takkyanparyant pohochali.
yaa sankatala pratisad mhanoon, nantar vasant rutumadhye done tapashilatmak package (jyanna sthanik bhashet 'daad packages' mhanatat) sadar karnyat aale, jyamule sarkari kharchat jee. dii. pii. chya 2.5 takkyanni kapat jhaali. 1997 madhye vikas darr 0.3 takkyanvar, 1998 madhye 2.3 takkyanvar aanee 1999 madhye 0.5 takkyanparyant khalee aala. sarkarne 1999 madhye punarrachana agencychi sthapana kelee aanee paradeshi companyanna companyanchya vikrila chalana denyasathi punarujjivan karyakram suru keela. pramukh pradhanyanmadhye eae. yuu. chya nikashansah kayadevishayak samanvayala gatee dene, upkramanchi punarrachana karane aanee banka aanee upayuktatanche khajgikaran karane yancha samavesh hota. niryatichi vadhaleli vaadh aanee guntavanukimule balkat jhaleli arthvyavastha 2000 salaparyant purvpadavar yenyachi apeksha hotee.
2000-2005.
eae. yuu. madheel, pramukhyane germanyla niryat aanee paradeshi aanee deshantargat guntavanukichi majboot punarprapti yamule aay. dii. 1. madheel vadhis pathbal midale. vyajdar qamee hott asalyane aanee credit card aanee gahananchi upalabdhata vadhat asalyane deshantargat magani vikasala aadhar denyat adhik mahattvachi bhoomika bajavat aahe. europeey sanghamadhye check utpadananchi magani vadhalyane jee. dii. pii. chya sumare 5 takke chaloo khatyatil toot qamee houu lagali aahe. mahagai niyantranat aahe. europeey mahasanghamadhye alikadchya praveshashi sanrachanatmak sudharananna aanakhi chalana aanee disha milate. 2004 chya suruvatila sarkarne mulyavardhit curr (vhee. aii. tii.) madhye vaadh kelee aanee 2006 paryant sarvajanik vittatil tafavat jee. dii. pii. chya 4 takkyanparyant aananyachya uddeshane samajik labhansathi patrata kadak kelee, parantu adhik katheen nivruttivetan aanee aarogya seva sudharananna pudhil nivadanukanparyant pratiksha karavi lagel. sarkari malkichya dursanchar company sesky telecomche khasgikaran 2005 madhye jhaale. mothya udhyoganmadhye tivra punarrachana, aarthik kshetratil sudharana aanee upalabdh eae. yuu. nidhicha prabhavi vapar yamule utpadan vadhis balkati midali pahije.
2005-2010.
european unionchya sadasyatvachya pahilya varshant vaadh suruch rahili. 2007-2010 chya aarthik sankatachya patbhagacha check prajasattakavar farsa parinam jhaala nahee, mukhytah tyachya sthir banking kshetramule, jyane 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat eka chhotyasha sankatadarmyan tyache dhade shikale aanee adhik savadh jhaale. jee. dii. pii. chaa eka ansh mhanoon, check sarvajanik karj heey madhya aanee purv europemadhil sarvat lahan karjanpaiki eka aahe. shivay, samyavadanantarchya itar anek deshanpramane, gharguti karjatil bahusankhya-99 takkyanhun adhik-sthanik check chalanat darshavile jaate. mhanunach yuu. aii. madheel sachchidra jhalelya paishachya puravathyamule deshavar parinam jhaala nahee.ess. dollar.
tathapi, eka motha niryatdar mhanoon, germany aanee itar vyapari bhagidaranmadhil maganitil ghatprati arthvyavastha sanvedanshil hotee. madhyat madhyat, madhyat gdpchya varshik ghasaranicha andaj sumare 3 takke kinwa 4.3 takke hota, joou tulanene qamee hota. aarthik sankatacha parinam rashtriy chalanachya astitvamule maryadit jhaala asava, jeey 2009 chya pahilya sahamahit tatpurte kamkuvat jhaale, jyamule niryatdaranche jeevan sope jhaale.
2010-2015.
2007-2010 chya aarthik sankatamule, check prajasattak jee. dii. pii. chya sthiratet kinwa ghatatana aahe. kahee bhashyakar aanee arthshastradnya petra nekaschya ujavya vicharsaranichya sarkarchya aarthikdrushtya puranmatvadi dhoranavar teeka karatat, visheshtah majee arthamantri miroslav kalausek yanchyavar teeka karatat. 2008 chya eka mulakhatit, mirek topolanekchya madhya-ujavya sarkarmadhye arthamantri mhanoon miroslav kalausek mhanale qee, "check prajasattakala aarthik sankatacha samna karava laganar nahee". september 2008 madhye, miroslav kalausekne 2009 madhye 5 takke jee. dii. pii. vadhichya andajasah rajya arthsankalp tayar keela. 2009 aanee 2010 madhye, check prajasattakala tivra aarthik sankatala samore jaave lagale aanee jee. dii. pii. madhye 4,5 takkyanni ghat jhaali. 2009 teey 2012 yaa kalat, check prajasattakala swatantra check prajasattakachya itihasatil sarvadhik rajya arthsankalpiy toot sosavi lagali. 2008 teey 2012 yaa kalat check prajasattakachya sarvajanik karjat 18,9 takkyanni vaadh jhaali. audhyogik utpadanat sarvat jaast ghat bandhkam udhyogat jhaali (2009 madhye-25 takke, 2013 madhye-15,5 takke). 4 kyu 2009 teey 1 kyu 2013 paryant, jee. dii. pii. madhye 7,8 takkyanni ghat jhaali.
2012 madhye, check sarkarne vatt vadhavale. moolbhut vatt 2012 madheel 20 takkyanvarun 2013 madhye 21 takkyanparyant vadhavanyat aalee aanee 2013 madhye vatt 14 takkyanvarun 15 takkyanparyant qamee karnyat aala. vatt vadhalyamule 2012 teey 2013 yaa kalavadhit chhotya udhyoganchi vikri 21 takkyanni qamee jhaali. petriya.seasedne 2013 madhye vikritil sthairya aanee saumya vadhicha andaj vartavala aahe.
dusari samasya mhanje parkeey vyapar. check prajasattakala niryat arthvyavastha manale jaate (check prajasattakat majboot yantrasamagri aanee vahan udyog aahet), tathapi 2013 madhye, paradeshi vyapar zapatyane qamee jhaala jyamule itar anek samasya nirman jhalya aanee rajyachya arthsankalpiy tuteet vaadh jhaali. 2013 madhye, check rashtriy banq, madhyavarti bankene vadgrast aarthik paul lagoo kele. niryat aanee rojgar vadhavanyasathi, see. aine. bii. neey jaanunbujun check kraun (see. zed. keey.) chee ghasaran kelee, jee chalanwadh november 2013 madheel 0.20% varoon 1 kyu 2014 madhye 1.3% paryant vadhali.
2014 madhye, check prajasattakatil jee. dii. pii. madhye 2 takkyanni vaadh jhaali aanee 2015 madhye 2.7 takkyanni vaadh honyacha andaj aahe. 2015 madhye, check prajasattakachi arthvyavastha 4,2 takkyanni vadhali aanee tee european unionmadhil sarvat vegane vadhanari arthvyavastha aahe. 29 meey 2015 roji, check arthvyavasthecha vikas 3,9 takkyanvarun 4,2 takkyanparyant vadhala aahe, asey jaheer karnyat aale.
2015-sadhya.
august 2015 madhye, check jee. dii. pii. chee vaadh 4.4% hotee, jyamule check arthvyavastha europemadhil sarvadhik vadhanari arthvyavastha bunley. 9 november 2015 roji, check prajasattakatil berojgari 5.9% hotee, jee februwari 2009 nantarchi sarvat qamee sankhya hotee. 2016 madhye check companyanchya paradeshi malakanna 289 abj dollarscha labhansh denyat aala.
european union.
2004 madhye european unionmadhye pravesh kelyapasoon, check prajasattakane european unionche aarthik aanee aarthik sangh sweekarle aahe aanee bhavishyat euro chalan swikaranyasathi teey 2003 chya pravesh kararane bandhil aahe.
check prajasattakala 2014 aanee 2020 darmyan european sanrachanatmak aanee guntavanuk nidhitun € 24.2bn dekhil milate, tathapi, hii rakkam check prajasattakatun itar european union sadasyanmadhye paradeshi malkichya companyanchya nafyachya bhandavali pravahapeksha jaast nahee, jyavar nidhichi bharpai karnyache uddisht aahe.
sarvajanik dhoran.
2016 paryant, check prajasattakat oo. eae. dii. sadasyancha garibeecha darr denmarknantar denmarknantar kramankavar aahe. 2016 chya euro aarogya grahak nirdeshankat check aarogya seva pranali 13 vya kramankavar aahe.
sankhyikeey nirdeshak.
mukhya nirdeshakancha vikas.
khaleel taktyat mukhya aarthik nirdeshak 1980-2017 madhye darshavile aahet. 2 takkyanpeksha qamee chalanwadh hiravya rangat aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
"see. aay. aii. world factbook 2017 pasoon"
jee. dii. pii. (pii. pii.)): $353.9 abj (2016)
jee. dii. pii. (naav.): $195.3 abj (2016)
gdp vadhah 2.6% (2016)
jee. dii. pii. prati vyakti (pii. pii.)): $33,500 (2016)
jee. dii. pii. dardoi (naav.): $18,487 (2016)
kshetranusar jee. dii. pii.:
"sheteeh 2.5%
"udyogah" 37.5%
"sevah 60 takke (2016)
chalanwadha 0.7% (2016)
kamgar balah 5.427 dashalaksh (2017)
berojgarih 2,3% (september 2018)
audhyogik utpadan vadhicha darah 3.5% (2016)
takkevarichya bhaganusar gharguti utpann kinwa upbhogah (2015)
sarvajanik karjah 34.2% jee. dii. pii. (2018)
vyapar aanee vitt.
niryatah $136.1 abj
"niryat vastooh yantrasamagri aanee vahtook upkarane, kachcha maal, indhan, rasayne (2018)
aayatah $122.8 abj
"aayat vastooh" yantrasamagri aanee vahtook upkarane, kachcha maal aanee indhan, rasayne (2018)
chaloo khatyatil shillakah $2.216 abj (2018)
niryat bhagidarah germany 32.4%, slovakia 8.4%, polland 5.8%, britton 5.2%, france 5.2%, itali 4.3%, austriya 4.2% (2016)
aayat bhagidarah germany 30.6%, polland 9.6%, chean 7.5%, slovakia 6.3%, netherlands 5.3%, itali 4.1% (2016)
rakhivah $85.73 abj (31 december 2016)
thet parkeey guntavanukah $139.6 abj (31 december 2016)
paradeshat check guntavanukah $43.09 abj (31 december 2016)
bahya karjah $138 abj (31 december 2016)
sarvajanikaritya vyapar vyapar sambhaganche moolyah 44.5 abj dollar (31 december 2016)
vinimay darah
aanee dursanchar.
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