fratevalachi ladhai

3 julai 1194 roji jhaleli fratevalchi ladhai hii madhyayugeen ladhai hotee, jee richard daad lionhart aanee francecha phillip dusra yanchyat suru asalelya ladhaicha eka bhag hotee, jee 1193 pasoon april 1199 madhye richardchya mrutyuparyant chalali. ladhaidarmyan, anglo-norman aanee angivin sainyane french sainyavar hallah keela, jyacha parabhav jhaala. phillip paloon jaanyat yashasvi jhaala parantu tyane tyache sangrah gamavale jeey richardne tabyat ghetale hote. yuddhanantar, philipane tyanna parismadhye thevanyacha nirnay ghetala, jyamule french rashtriy granthalay, 'archives nationals' tayar jhaale.
parshvabhoomi.
december 1192 madhye raja dharmayuddhatun paratalyanantar englandcha raja richard pahila yala austriyachya bibtyane pakadale aanee turungat takale hote. janewari 1194 madhye mothya pramanat khandani deuun tyachi sutka hoiparyant, tyachya sutakechya atinvar vataghati eka varshahoon adhik kaal jhalya. too turungat asatana, richardcha bhau johnn yane french raja phillip II yachyashi, jyala ingraji rajalahi pakadayache hote, richardchya virodhat yutee kelee hotee. johnne philipala richardchya equitainmadhil vasahatinmadhun barich jameen dilee hotee. tasech vividh killyanmadhye, yamadhye seane nadichya purvekadil sampoorn duchy bhoomicha samavesh hota. richardchya turungvasadarmyan, philipane yaa vasahatinvar pratyaksh kabja karnyacha prayatna keela hota, kahee pramanat yash midale hote, visheshtah diapechya mahattvachya vahini bandaranchya (parris aanee inglish vahinimadhil sarvat qamee antar) aanee leey traportchya aaspas. tathapi, richard normandila paratatach, johnne phillip sodoon tyachyashi shantata prasthapit kelee; 29 meey 1194 roji philipachya varnevilachya vedhyachya udayapasoon suruvat karoon, yaa pradeshatil philipachya alikadil fayadhyanpaiki barechase ughad karnyasathi richard pudhe gela. tethe, philipala ghaighaine maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele aanee fratevalchya velee tyachya nukasaniche purvadarshan karoon, tyane vedha ghalanari injine aanee itar maulyavan material sodoon dilee.
frateval lakadavar bhet.
raja philipane bahudha richardchya sainyachi chhaya kadhali, kaaran nantarche loar loar jaat hote, ingraji sainyachya davpech karnyachya kshamatevar nirbandh ghalanyachya prayatnat. tathapi, richardne frenchvar duppat paath firavali, jyamadhye ingraj rajachya ghodyacha pathlag keela gela. samkalinanni yaa chakmakiche varnan yuddh mhanoon kele asale taree donhi sainyanni kadhee sampark sadhala qee nahee heey anishchit aahe. french sainyacha magcha bhag ingrajanshi guntalela asanyachi shakyata aahe. tathapi, jyaa yuddhat chakmak haah nehmicha chakmakicha prakar hota, tyacha eka bhag mhanoon, maitri vegali navhati aanee asey mhatale gele aahe qee, tee 'ladhaichya lebalala patra nahee.'bahudha ingrajanni ghatalelya hallyat, philipane aapali samanvahu gaadee lakadat sodoon dilee hotee, asey disate, jevha richard jawal aala aanee whitsoonchya purvasandhyela too sant-hillayer prathanagruhat paloon gela. itihaskar johnn gillinghamne lihile qee, philipache 'achanak prasthan' heey 'tyachya sainyasathi shevatcha pendha hota, jeey tyanchya purvathyasathi asalelya dhokyamule aadhich nirash jhaale hote.'vijayat varnyoolmadhye pravesh karnyapurvi, richard maghar maghar french sainikanna bhetanyasathi pudhe gela. jaree lashkari paristhitipeksha rajkiy drushtine adhik asel, taree, fratevalmadhil sangharshache varnan philipsathi 'eka kirkol aapatti' asey kele gele aahe.
tyaa kalatil raje anekada khadatar ladhayanna itake pratikool asanyache eka kaaran mhanje teey eka bhramankalik sarkar aanee bhatkya khajinyapramane pravas karat hote, jeey yuddhbhumivar gamavane khoop maulyavan hote. aanee yaa kalatil raje anekada paripetic darbar mhanoon pravas karat asalyane, philipachya samananchya gadimadhye keval gharguti furnituresarkhe vaiyaktik parinam navhate tarr sarkar aanee curr sankalanasathi aavashyak sahitya hote. ingrajanni tabyat ghetalelya french rajachya samananmadhye tyacha vaiyaktik shikka aanee aarthik nondi, rajpatra, deyake, bhade aanee toll pavtya yasarkhya mahattvachya abhilekheey kagadpatrancha samavesh hota. eka french itihaskarane sangitale qee, 'jyache moolya afat hote' assa motha khajina dekhil tabyat ghenyat aala hota. philipane nadichya palikade ghaighaine maghar ghetali aanee asey kartana, maghar maghar sainyachya vajanakhali pool kosalala. yacha parinam french raja bhijun jaanyat jhaala, jyache varnan eka lekhakane 'ashee sthitee jee richardla prasann karat hotee' asey kele aahe.'phillip tabyat ghetalyanantar kahee minitantach 'ingraji raja' aala asel, parantu phillip tabyat ghenyachya prayatnat atee utsahi asalyane, phillip pratyakshat lapoon basala hota tyaa prathanagruhachya palikade barech antar chalavun tyala paloon jaau dile.
parinam.
abhilekhanni, assa dawa keela aahe qee, richardla philipachya serve heranchi aanee duchy auph equitainmadhil agentschee tasech frenchanna angivin deserterschee nave aanee tapasheel dile. aanee kiman eka samkalin itihaskar, asey mhatale gele aahe qee, french rajachya apmanavar 'premalpane jagale', tarr, kadachit sudbuddhine, philipane philipacha purvicha mitra, johnn tasech sthanik charchcha taba asalele everax shahar lutale. french itihaskar matra, aanee kadachit qamee aashcharyakarakpane, philipachya fratevalmadhil parabhavachi zalak dakhavtat; ekane teey ekach vakyat jhakale. heey asamanya navhate; fratevhalsarkhya chhotya chakmaki anekada itihaskaranni nondavalya hotya, jyancha paksh jinkla aanee jyanni parabhav keela tyanni tyakade durlaksh kele.
richard jaree kadhihi englandla paratanar nasla taree tyane tabyat ghetalelya french sangrahanna londonla pathavale, jithe teey burujamadhye jamaa karnyat aale. yaa ladhaicha parinam mhanoon, phillip haah pahila french raja tharala jyane tyachya mohimetil sangrah tyachyabarobar naan nele, jase qee nehamiche hote, parantu navyane tayar kelelya naveen chancymadhye kayamswarupi thevisathi parismadhye 'trazer days charts' tayar kele. yache varnan "rajeshahi sarkarchi mahitipat nond rakhanyachya dishene pahile paul" asey kele gele aahe."

