
afaganistanche amirat

1855 paryant kabulche amirat mhanoon olakhale jaanare afaganistanche amirat heey madhya ashiya aanee dakshin aashiyatil eka amirat hote, jyat sadhyache afghanistan aanee sadhyachya pakistanche kahee bhag (1893 purvi) samavisht hote. kabulmadhil barakzai rajvanshacha sansthapak dost mohammed khancha vijay jhaala tevha durrani samrajyatun amiraticha uday jhaala.
madhya aashiyatil varchasvasathi russian samrajya aanee british samrajya yanchyatil 'mahan khel' heey amiratichya itihasavar varchasva gajavat hote. yaa kalavadhiche vaishishtya mhanje afaganistanmadhil europeey prabhav. 14 march 1823 roji nausherachya ladhait peshavar khoyatil purvichya afghan balekillache niyantran gamavoon afaganistanchya amiratine sheekh samrajyashi durrani samrajyache yuddh suru thewale. tyanantar 1838 madhye british sainyasah pahile anglo-afghan yuddh jhaale. yuddhamule akheris afganancha vijay jhaala, britishanni maghar ghetali aanee dost mohammed punha sinhasanavar basavanyat aale. tathapi, dusya anglo-afghan yuddhadarmyan (1878-1880), british aanee afgananni gandamakchya kararavar swakshya kelya, jyamule britishanna aadhunik pakistanatil afghan pradeshanvar tasech afaganistanchya pararashtra vyavharanvar niyantran midavata aale, yaa ativar qee afgananna anudan dile jaave aanee british sainya purnapane mage ghyave. amir amanullah khanane tisya anglo-afghan yuddhanantar 1919 chya anglo-afghan kararavar swakshari kelee, jyamule purn afghan swatantrya midale. 1926 madhye, amanullah khanane afaganistanche rajya mhanoon deshat sudharana kelee aanee too tyacha pahila raja banala.
itihas.
amiratichya sthapanenantar kahee varshanni, iranche muhammad shaah aanee dost mohammed khaan yanchyat russian aanee british hitsambandhancha sangharsh vadhala, jyamule 1838 teey 1842 darmyan pahile anglo-afghan yuddh jhaale. yuddhadarmyan, afaganistanla russian niyantranakhali yenyapasoon rokhanyasathi aanee russian vistarala aala ghalanyachya prayatnat, brittonne kaboolchi tatkalin rajdhani kabool tabyat ghetali, tarr afaganistanla britishanchya gatat kathputali neta shaah shuja durrani yachya netrutvakhali thewale. mitra mohammed sinhasanavar paratalyane yuddh sampale, ingrajanni maghar ghetali; deshala parabhoot karnyat asamarth, tyanni tyaeivaji adhik mothe sambandh prasthapit kele, jyamule mitra mohammadala afaganistanchya eksandh rajyala ekatra aananyachya dishene jaau dile, jeey taimur shahchya mulanni aanalelya durrani yadavi yuddhanpasun vegale jhaale.
1863 madhye dost mohammadchya mrutyunantar, tyacha mulga shher allie khaan tyachya jaagi aala. matra, teen varshannantar tyacha motha bhau mohammed afzal khanane tyala ulthoon takale. 1868 madhye, mohammed afzal khanla swatah ulthoon taknyat aale aanee tyachya jaagi amir mhanoon shher alila niyukt karnyat aale, joou russiamadhye kahee chhoti varshe haddapar rahilyanantar sinhasanavar paratala. amir mhanoon tyachya parat yenyamule brittenshee naveen sangharsh jhaale. tyanantar, 21 november 1878 roji ingrajanni afaganistanat kooch kele aanee amir shher alila punha russiala paloon jaanyas bhag padale gele, parantu 1879 madhye majar-aii-sharif yethe tyacha mrutyu jhaala. tyacha uttaradhikari mohammed yakub khaan yane rashiyabarobar shantatesathi upay shodhale aanee afaganistanchya pararashtra dhoranat tyanna adhik motha vaataa deela. darmyan, tyanni 26 meey 1879 roji britishansobat gandamak kararavar swakshya kelya, afaganistanchya pararashtra vyavharanche niyantran keval british samrajyakade sopavale. tathapi, 3 september 1879 roji jevha kabulmadhye british rajdoot surr louis kavagnari yanchi hatya jhaali, tevha britishanni abdur rahman khaan yanna amir mhanoon swikaranyacha prastav deela. ingrajanni 1880 madhye afghan lokanshi shantata karar keela aanee 1881 madhye punha afaganistanmadhun maghar ghetali. 1893 madhye britishanni afaganistanla durand resha navachya naveen simesathi sammati denyas bhag padale, jee aitihasik pashtoon vasahati pradeshatoon jaate.
yuddhanantar, amir abdur rahman khaan, jyane deshala parabhoot kele, tyane anek uthav sudharle aanee dadapale. 1901 madhye tyanchya mrutyunantar tyancha mulga habibullah khaan amir mhanoon yashasvi jhaala aanee sudharanancha pathpurava suru thewala. habibullah khanane brittenshee salokha sadhanyacha prayatna keela, jithe tyane 1905 madhye rashiyashi shantata karar karoon padvi prapt kelee, russia-japani yuddhatil parabhavasathi afaganistanmadhun maghar ghyavi lagali. pahilya mahayuddhat, german aanee ottoman prayatna (neadermayer-hentig moheem) karoonahi afghanistan tatasth rahila. 1919 madhye rajkiy virodhakanni habibullah khanchi hatya kelee.
habibullah khancha mulga amanullah khaan 1919 madhye afaganistancha tatkalin amir, pratyaksh varas nasrullah khanchya virodhat hota. tyanantar thodyach velat aanakhi eka yuddh suru jhaale jeey teen mahine chalale. 1919 chya anglo-afghan kararane heey yuddh sampale, jyanantar afgananna purnapane swatantra rajya mhanoon tyanche swatache pararashtra vyavhar chalavanyacha adhikar punha suru karata aala. amanullah khanane deshachya sudharananna suruvat kelee aanee 1926 madhye afaganistancha raja (raja) mhanoon tyacha rajyabhishek jhaala aanee afghanistan rajyachi sthapana kelee.