neutron tapman

neutron shodhanyache tapman, jyala neutron urja dekhil mhanatat, tee mukt neutronchi gatij urja darshavate, jee samanyatah electron voltmadhye dilee jaate. tapman" haah shabd vaparla jaato, kaaran garam, aushnik aanee thund neutron eka vishisht tapmanasah madhyam swarupat asatat. tyanantar neutron urja vitaran aushnik gatisathi olakhalya vaparlya kamal vitaranat julavun ghetale jaate. gunatmakdrushtya, tapman jitke jaast asel, mukt neutronchi gatij urja titakich jaast asel. neutronchi gatee aanee taranglambi dii broggy sambandhadvare sambandhit aahet. santh neutronchi mothee taranglambi mothya cross sectionla anumati dete.
neutron urja vitaran shreni.
parantu itar strotanmadhye vegvegalya navanchya vegvegalya shreni aadhaltat.
khaleel tapshilvar vargikaran aaheh
aushnik.
aushnik neutron haah sumare 0.025 EV (sumare 4 × 10−21j kinwa 2.4 mj/km, mhanoon 2.19 km/s chaa veg) chee gatij urja asalela mukt neutron aahe, jee 290 k (17°C kinwa 62°F) tapmanavaril sarvat sambhavya vegashi sambandhit urja aahe, yaa tapmanasathi maxwell-boltzmann vitaranachi paddhat, epic = 1/2kt.
yaa tapmanavar eka madhyamatil (neutron moderator) kendrakanshi (vikhurlele) anek vela takkar jhalyanantar, jeey neutron shoshale jaat naheet teey yaa urja pataliparyant pohochatat.
ushna neutronmadhye dilelya nuclidesathi vegwan neutronpeksha vegala aanee kadhikadhi khoop motha prabhavi neutron shoshan cross-section asato aanee mhanunach anekada anoo kendrakadware adhik sahajpane shoshala jaau shakato, parinami rasayanik ghatakache judd, anekada asthir samasthanik tayar hote. yaa ghatanela neutron sakriyakaran mhanatat.
jalad.
jalad neutron heey anoo prakriyandvare tayar kele jaatatah
sthir-avasthechya anubhattimadhye jalad neutron sahasa avanchhaniy asatat kaaran bahutek vikhandaniy indhanacha aushnik neutrons uchch pratikriya darr asato. jalad neutron heey moderation navachya prakriyedvare vegane aushnik neutronmadhye badalale jaau shakatat. heey (sarvasadharanpane) santh gatine gatine aanee asha prakare anoo kendrak aanee itar neutronsarkhya qamee-tapmanachya kananchya asankhya takkarandware kele jaate. yaa takkaranmule samanyatah samanyatah kanala gatee milel aanee neutroncha veg qamee hoil aanee too vikhurla jaeel. aadarshpane, yaa prakriyesathi kholichya tapmanatil neutron moderatorcha vapar keela jaato. anubhattyanmadhye, avjad paanee, halake paanee kinwa graphite samanyatah neutronche praman qamee karnyasathi vaparale jaatat.
vegwan-neutron anubhatti aanee aushnik-neutron anubhattichi tulana kelee jaate.
bahutek vikhandan anubhattya aushnik-neutron anubhattya asatat jyaa anuvichedanane tayar tayar neutroncha veg qamee karnyasathi ("aushnik") neutron madhyasth vapartat. sanyamane uranium-235 kinwa plutonium-239 sarkhya vikhandaniy kendrakansathi vikhandan cross sectionmadhye lakshaniy vaadh hote. yavyatirikt, uranium-238 madhye aushnik neutronsathi khoop qamee capture cross section asate, jyamule adhik neutron vikhandaniy kendrakanche vikhandan karoo shakatat aanee aanee capture honyaeivaji sakhali pratikriya prasarit karoo shakatat. yaa parinamanchya sanyogamule halakya panyachya anubhattya qamee-samruddha uraniumcha vapar karoo shakatat. avjad paanee anubhattya aanee graphite-madhyam anubhattya naisargik uranium dekhil vaparu shakatat kaaran yaa madhyasthanmadhye halakya panyapeksha neutron capture cross section khoopach qamee asatat.
indhanachya tapmanat vaadh jhalyamule dopplerchya vistaradvare vistaradvare aushnik neutron shoshan dekhil vadhate, jyamule anubhatti niyantrit karnyat madat karnyasathi nakaratmak abhipray midato. jevha shitalak heey eka drav asate jeey sanyamit aanee shoshanas (halake paanee kinwa judd paanee) dekhil hatbhar lavte, tevha shitalak ukalalyane madhyasth ghanata qamee hote, jee sakaratmak kinwa nakaratmak abhipray (sakaratmak kinwa nakaratmak shoonya gunank) deu shakate, anubhatti qamee aahe qee jaast-madhyam aahe yavar avalambun.
bahutek indhanansathi, madhyavarti-urja neutronmadhye jalad kinwa aushnik neutronpeksha qamee vikhandan/capture gunottar asate. thorium chakrache uranium-233 yala apavad aahe, jyache serve neutron urjevar changle vikhandan/capture gunottar aahe.
jalad-neutron anubhattya pratikriya tikavoon thevanyasathi aniyamit jalad neutroncha vapar karatat aanee indhanala supic samgrichya (uranium-238) tulanet vikhandaniy samagriche uchch praman asane aavashyak asate. tathapi, anek nuclidesathi vegwan neutronche vikhandan/capture gunottar changle asate aanee pratyek vegwan vikhandan mothya sankhyene neutron sodate, tyamule vegwan prajnan anubhatti sambhavyatah vaparlya vaparlya adhik vikhandaniy indhanachi "prajnan" karoo shakate.
jalad anubhatti niyantran keval dopplerchya vistaravar kinwa madhyasthakadun madhyasthakadun nakaratmak shoonya gunankavar avalambun rahoo shakat nahee. tathapi, indhanacha aushnik vistar swatach twarit nakaratmak pratisad deu shakato. uraniumchya bajarpethetil qamee kimmatinmule jhalelya chernobyl apaghatanantarchya dashakanmadhye keval mojkya anubhattya bandhalya gelyane, vegwan anubhatticha vikas jawaljawal supt aahe, jaree aata anek ashiyai deshanche punarujjivan jhaale aahe, jeey pudhil kahee varshant mothya namuna jalad anubhatti purn karnyachya vicharat aahet.

