tanka

 haah shastriy japani kavitecha eka prakar aahe aanee japani sahityatil pramukh shailinpaiki eka aahe.
vyutpatti.
mulat, prabhavshali kavyasangrah 'manyoshu' chya kalat (ii. sha. chya aathvya shatkachya uttaradhat), 'tanka' haah shabd 'chhotya kavita' aanee 'lamb kavita' yaat farak karnyasathi vaparla jaat asey. tathapi, navvya aanee dahavya shatkat, visheshtah "kokinshu" chya sankalanasah, hii laghukatha japanmadhil kavitecha pramukh prakar bunley aanee mool samanya shabd yaa swarupache manak naav banale. japani kavee aanee samikshak masaoka shiki yanni visavya shatkachya suruvatila 'vakache nutanikaran aanee aadhunikikaran kele pahije' yaa tyanchya vidhanasathi 'tanka' haah shabd punarujjivit keela. "haiku" hii tyachya shodhachi eka sandnya aahe, jee tyach kalpanesah tyachya swatantra hokkoochya punaravruttisathi vaparali jaate.
form.
tanka heey paach ekake (roman kinwa anuvadit kelyavar anekada vegalya olee mhanoon manale jaate) sahasa 'aun' chya khaleel namunyasah (bahutekda, andaje, prati ekak kinwa ola shabdanchi sankhya mhanoon manale jaate):
5-7-5 laa daad mhanatat aanee 7-7 laa daad mhanatat.
itihas.
aadhunik.
kojiki aanee nihonshoki kalkhandat tankache eka suspasht swaroop kayam rahile, parantu tankachya utparivartanancha itihasach haikoochya itihasatil eka mahattvacha adhyay aahe.
tankache aadhunik punarujjivan anek kavimpasoon suru jhaale jyanni sahityik masike prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee, tyanche mitra aanee shishya yogdan mhanoon gola kele.
yosano tekkan aanee tyachya "myojo" niyatkalikashi sambandhit kavee heey eka udaharan hote, parantu teey masik masik alpakalin hote (februwari. 1900 november. 1908). eka tarun hyschool vidyarthi, otori yuu (nantar akiko yosano mhanoon olakhale gele) aanee ishikawa takuboku yanni "myojo" madhye yogdan dile. 1980 madhye 'newyork times' neey eka pratinidhi karya prakashit keleh
masaoka shikhichya (1867-1902) kavita aanee lekhan (tasech tyanche mitra aanee shishyanchya kamacha) adhik chirsthayi prabhav padala aahe. tyanni sthapan kelele 'hototogisu' heey masik aajahi prakashit hote.
meji kalat (1868-1912), shikeene dawa keela qee vakachi paristhiti sudharali pahije aanee deshatil itar goshtinpramanech vakache aadhunikikaran kele pahije. tyane 'kokin vakashu' yaa eka hazar varshanchya vakasathichya pratirupachya viruddha, 'manyoshu' chya shailichi prashansa kelee, jyala tyane strilingi mhatale. tyane kamakura shogunetcha tisra "shogun" minamoto noow sanetomo yachee prashansa kelee, joou fujiwara noow tekacha shishya hota aanee tyane 'manyoshu' madhye ashach shailit vakachi rachana kelee.
shikichya mrutyunantar, taisho kalat (1912-26), mokichi sayato aanee tyachya mitranni "araragi" heey masik prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee, jyat "manyoshu" chee prashansa kelee gelee. tyanche masik vaparoon tyanni tyancha prabhav deshbharat pasaravala. tyanche aadhunikikaran bajula saroon, darbarat junya parampara ajunahi prachalit hotya. nyayalay anek 'utkai' (vaka vachan paksh) adhikrut aanee khajgi asha donhi thikani aayojit karat aahe. varshatil pahilya divashi samrat jyaa utkai dharan karato tyala 'utkai hajime' mhanatat aanee vaka kavinsathi hii eka mahattvachi ghatana aahe; samrat swatah lokanchya nirikshanasathi ekach tanka sodato.
sodato mahayuddhanantar, vaka kalbahya manla jaau lagla, parantu 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhapasun machee tawara sarkhya samkalin kavinchya udaharanakhali tyache punarujjivan jhaale aahe. tichya 1987 chya sarvadhik vikri jhalelya sangrah 'salled anniversey' neey, aadhunik prekshakansathi tanka punarujjivit karnyache shrey kaveenna dile gele aahe.
aaj tanka kavinchi anek vartule aahet. anek vartmanpatranmadhye saptahik tanka stambh asato aanee anek vyavsayik aanee haushi tanka kavee asatat; makoto oka yancha kavita stambh 20 varshanhun adhik kaal aathvadyatun saat divas 'asahi shimboon' chya pahilya panavar prakashit jhaala hota."nirop ghenyachya sanket mhanoon, baher padnare pantpradhan juna 'ichiro koizumi yanni tyanchya samarthakanche aabhar mananyasathi eka tanka lihile.
japani shahee kutumb naveen varshasathi tanka lihine suru thevate.
kavyatmak sanskruti.
pracheen kalee, gadyatil aksharanaivaji vakanchi devanghevan karanyachi done lekhakanchi pratha hotee. visheshtah, premiyuganmadhye heey samanya hote. hii pratha pratibimbit karat, kokin vakashuchya vees khandanpaiki paach khandanni premasathi vaka gola keela. heyan kalat jevha premi tyaa mahilechya gharee bhetatat tevha premi sakali vakyachi devanghevan karat asat. tyaa badalalelya vakala 'kinuginu' (nantarche) asey mhatale jaat asey, kaaran asey manale jaat hote qee tyaa vyaktila tyachya priyakarasobat rahayache aahe aanee jevha surya ugavato tevha tyala gadyaivaji (tyaa kalatil pratha) tyane jyaa kapadyanvar zopale hote teey ghalanyasathi jawaljawal vel nasato. yaa kalatil 'ushee pustak' aanee 'daad story auph jenji' hii kaame aaplyala abhijatanchya jivanatil ashee udaharane detat. murasaki shikibu tichya 'daad story auph jenji' madhye 795 vakancha vapar kathemadhye banavalelya tichya patransathi vaak mhanoon karate. yapaiki kahee tichya swatachya aahet, jaree bahutek vidyaman strotankadun ghetale gele aahet. lavkarach, vaka tayar karane aanee pathan karane haah abhijat sanskraticha eka bhag banala. ekhadya prasangi kahitari soochit karnyasathi teey yogya vakyacha eka bhag muktapane vachayache.
chahapramanech, vakachi rachana, sadarikaran aanee nirnay yanchya aaspas anek vidhee aanee karyakram hote. utkai' aanee 'utavase' asha done prakarchya vaka pakshanni adhunmadhun kavita tayar kelya. utkai haah eka assa sohala hota jyamadhye serve sahbhagi lock eka vaak lihit asat aanee tyanche pathan karat asat. utkai hii shikai, kanshi partipasoon tayar jhaleli aanee kahee prasangi lock naveen varshasathi hangami party, navjat balasathi kahee utsav, vadhadivas kinwa navyane bandhalelya gharasarkhe ekatra jamale. "utavase' hii done sanghanchi spardha hotee. vishay nishchit kele gele aanee pratyek sanghatoon nivadalelya kaveene dilelya vishayasathi eka vaka lihila. nyayadhishanni pratyek vishayasathi vijetyachi niyukti kelee aanee vijayi sanghala guna dile. jyaa sanghala sarvat jaast rakkam midali tee team vijeti tharali. pahila nondavalela yutavase 885 chya sumaras aayojit karnyat aala hota. suruvatila, yutavase haah khelkar aanee keval manoranjan hota, parantu jashee kavyatmak parampara sakhol hott gelee aanee vadhat gelee, tashee tee eka gambhir saundaryalakshi spardhet badalali, jyat lakshaniy adhik aupcharikta hotee.

