
aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada

aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada (aay. etch. ell.), jyala sashastr sangharshache kayade asehi mhanatat, haah kayada aahe joou yuddh chalavanyache niyaman karato ('jus inn bello'). hii aantarrashtriy kayadyachi eka shakha aahe jee shatrutvat sahbhagi naan jhalelya vyaktinche sanrakshn karoon aanee ladhvayyansathi upalabdh asalelya yuddhachya sadhananvar aanee paddhatinvar nirbandh ghaloon aanee tyanche niyaman karoon sashastr sangharshache parinam maryadit karnyacha prayatna karate.
aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada manavatechya vicharanvar aanee manvi dukkh qamee karnyavar aadharit aahe. tyat niyamancha eka sanch asato, joou karar kinwa prathedvare sthapit keela jaato aanee joou sashastr sangharshamule prabhavit jhalelya kinwa prabhavit houu shakananya vyakti aanee malmatta/vastunche sanrakshn karnyacha prayatna karato aanee sangharshat sahbhagi honanya pakshanchya tyanchya pasantichya paddhati aanee sadhanancha vapar karnyachya adhikaranna maryadit karato. aantarrashtriy kayadyachya strotanmadhye aantarrashtriy karar (jineva convention), paramparik aantarrashtriy kayada, rashtranchi samanya tattve aanee cases kayada yancha samavesh hoto. heey ladhvayye rashtra, tatasth rashtra aanee yuddhat guntalelya vyaktinche, ekmekanshi aanee "sanrakshit vyaktin" shhee sambandhit, jyacha samanyatah gair-ladhvayye assa arth hoto, tyanche vartan aanee jababdanya paribhashit karate. manavtavadi chinta aanee lashkari garaj santulit karnyasathi aanee tyacha vidhvansak parinam maryadit karoon aanee manvi dukkh qamee karoon kayadyachya rajvatila yuddhas adheen karnyasathi tyachi rachana kelee gelee aahe.
aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayadyachya gambhir ullanghananna yuddh gunhe mhanatat. aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada, 'jus inn bello', yuddh kinwa sashastr sangharshat guntatana sainyachya vartanache niyaman karato. heey 'jus edd belam' peksha vegale aahe jeey yuddh kinwa sashastr sangharshat sahbhagi honyachya vartanache niyaman karate aanee tyat aakramanacha gunha samavisht aahe. jus inn bello' aanee 'jus edd belam' yaa ektritpane aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshanchya serve pailoonvar niyantran thevana yuddh kayadyanchya done bhagancha samavesh hoto. yogya kararanna bandhil asalelya rashtransathi haah kayada anivarya aahe. yuddhache itar paramparik alikhit niyam dekhil aahet, jyapaiki anekancha shodh neuremberg khatalyanmadhye ghenyat aala hota. aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharsh aanee antargat sashastr sangharshat lagoo asalelya niyamanmadhil kathor vibhaganivar ii. ell. kaam karate. 
jaree kayadyachya done shakha purak aahet aanee kahee prakare parasparvirodhi aahet, taree aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayadyakade paramparikaritya aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kayadyapeksha vegale mhanoon pahile jaate (jeey tyachya lokanprati rajyachya vartanache niyaman karate). 
jenevhacha kayada aanee hegcha kayada.
aadhunik aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada done aitihasik pravahanni banalela aaheh
donhi pravahanchi nave anek aantarrashtriy parishadanmadhun ghetali gelee aahet, jyat yuddh aanee sangharshashi sambandhit karar kele gele, visheshtah 1899 aanee 1907 chya hegg adhiveshananmadhye aanee geneva adhiveshananmadhye, jyapaiki pahile 1863 madhye tayar karnyat aale hote. donhihi 'jus inn bello' shhee sambandhit aahet, jeey sashastr sangharshadarmyan kahee paddhati swikararh aahet qee nahee yaa prashnashi sambandhit aahet.
hegcha kayada kinwa yuddhache yogya kayade, "mohima aayojit kartana ladhvayyanche adhikar aanee kartavye nirdharit karatat aanee haanee karnyachya sadhananchi nivad maryadit karatat". visheshtah, too swatashi sambandhit aahe
yuddhachya krurtevar maryada ghalanyache paddhatshir prayatna keval 19 vya shatkat vikasit honyas suruvat jhaali. dnyanachya yugane prabhavit rajyanchya yuddhavishayichya badalatya drushtikonavar asha chinta nirman houu shakalya. shatruchya rajyavar maat karane haah yuddhacha uddesh hota, joou shatruchya ladhvayyanna aksham karoon keela jaau shakato. asha prakare, "ladhvayye aanee nagarikanmadhil farak, jakhami aanee pakadalya gelelya shatru ladhvayyanna manvi vaganuk denyachi aavashyakta aanee aadhunik manavtavadi kayadyache kahee stambh, tyaa chaturthanshala dile jaane aavashyak aahe, heey serve yaa tattvavarun palan hote".
jenevhacha niyam.
fritz munch 1800 purvichya aitihasik lashkari prathecha saransh detoh "aavashyak mudde heey asalyache disateh ladhait aanee balacha vapar karoon ghetalelya shaharanmadhye, ladhvayye aanee bigger-ladhvayye marle gele aanee malmatta nasht kinwa lutali gelee."17 vya shatkat, sarvajanik aantarrashtriy kayadyache sansthapak kinwa janak mhanoon vyapakpane olakhale jaanare dutch nyayshastradnya hugo grotius yanni lihile qee," "yuddh, tyanchi uddishte sadhya karnyasathi, teey nakarle jaau shakat nahee, tyanche sarvat yogya agent mhanoon shakti aanee dahashatvadacha vapar karane aavashyak aahe".
itihasatil manavtavadi niyam.
tathapi, itihasachya hatyakandadarmyanahi, sashastr sangharshatil piditanchya sanrakshanasathi varanvar abhivyakti aanee manavtavadi nikashanche aavahan kele gele aaheh jakhami, aajari aanee jahaj kosalalele. heey pracheen kalapasoonche aahet.
junya kararat, israyalacha raja, elisha yaa sandeshtyane shatruchya kaidyanna sodanyachya soochana dilyanantar, pakadalya gelelya lokanchi hatya karnyas pratibandh karato. rajane vicharlelya eka prashnachya uttarat, elisha mhanali, "tuu tyanna maroo nakos. tumhi jyanna qaid kele aahe tyanna tumhi tumchya talvarine aanee dhanushyane thaar maral qaa? tyanna khanya-pinyachya aanee tyanchya malkashi jaanyachya drushtine bhakari aanee paanee tyanchyapudhe thewa."
pracheen bharatat konatya prakarchya shastrancha vapar karoo naye yache varnan karnare nondi (udaharanarth, manuche niyam) aaheth "jevha too yuddhat aaplya shatrunshi ladhato, tevha tyane lapvoon thevalelya shastranni (lakadat) hallah karoo naye, kinwa kateri, vishari kinwa aagine jalat asalelya bindunni (jase qee) hallah karoo naye."vinavanit haat jodalelya napunskavar kinwa shatruvar hallah naan karnyachihi aadnya aahe"... naan zopanara, naan melcha coat haravalela, naan nagna asalela, naan nihshastra asalela, naan ladhait bhag naan ghetalela, naan pahanara."
islami kayadyat asey mhatale aahe qee, "mahila, mule, bhikshu aanee sannyasi, vruddha, andh aanee vede asha ladhait bhag naan ghenanya bigger-ladhvayyancha chhal keela jaau naye". pahila khalifa aboo bakarne ghoshit kele, "angachhed karoo nakaa. lahan mule kinwa mhatare purush kinwa striya yanna maroo nakaa. khajurachya zadanchi doki kapoo nakaa kinwa jaalu nakaa. falanchi zaade todu nakaa. annavyatirikt guranchi kattal karoo nakaa."islami nyayshastradnyanni asey mutt vyakt kele aahe qee kaidyala marle jaau naye, kaaran tyala" "keval yuddhakhor krutyansathi jababdar dharale jaau shakat nahee".
islamik kayadyane matra serve bigger-ladhvayyanna sodale nahee. jyanni islammadhye dharmantar karnyas kinwa paryayi curr bharnyas nakar deela, tyanchya babatit muslimanna "tattvatah tyanchyapaiki konalahi, ladhvayyanna kinwa ladhvayyanna thaar maranyachi parvanagi hotee, jarr tyanna vishvasghatane aanee angachhed karoon marle gele nahee".
manavtavadi nikashanche sanhitakaran.
1820 saalee gret colombiachya tatkalin sarkarche adhikari aanee spanish mukutavaril mohimetil pramukh yanchyat venezuelchya santa eenaa dii trugillo shaharat jhalelya sadhyachya yuddhaviram kararavar aanee yuddhachya niyamittevar swakshya aanee manyata dene haah ilhacha sarvat mahattvacha purvavarti bhag aahe. haah karar swatantryachya sangharshantargat swakshari karnyat aala hota, joou pashchimekadil asha prakarcha pahila hota.
matra, 19vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant adhik paddhatshir drushtikon suru karnyat aala navhata. americet, francis lieber yaa german sthalantaritane 1863 madhye american yadavi yuddhadarmyan union aarmisathi eka aachar sanhita tayar kelee, jee lieber code mhanoon olakhali jaau lagali. libar kodmadhye sangharshachya bhagat nagri lokanshi manvi vaganuk samavisht hotee aanee dhanushyala fashi denyasahi manai hotee.
tyach velee, solferinochya ladhait jakhami sainikansobat kaam kelelya florence nightingale aanee heinry dunant yaa vanshachya vyavsayikasarkhya anek vyaktinchya crimean yuddhadarmyan sahbhagamule yuddhatil piditanche dukkh talhanyasathi adhik paddhatshir prayatna jhaale. dunantne eka pustak lihile, jyache shirshak tyane 'aaa memory auph solferino' asey thewale, jyamadhye tyane pahilelya bhayanakteche varnan kele. tyanche ahwal itake dhakkadayak hote qee, tyamule 1863 madhye reed crosschya aantarrashtriy samitichi (aay. see. aar. see.) sthapana jhaali aanee 1864 madhye jineva yethe eka parishad aayojit karnyat aalee, jyat sainyatil jakhaminchi sthitee sudharanyasathi jineva adhiveshan tayar karnyat aale. 
jinevhacha niyam thet manavatechya tattvane prerit aahe. jeey sangharshat sahbhagi hott naheet tyanchyashi tasech lashkari karmchanyanshi 'horse dii combat' shhee sambandhit aahe. aay. see. aar. see. sarkhya nihpakshapati manavtavadi sansthandvare sanrakshn aanee manavtavadi madatisathi kayadeshir aadhar pradan karate. heey kendrabindu geneva sammelananmadhye aadhalu shakate.
jineva sammelane.
geneva parampara hii 1864 teey 1949 darmyan anek tappyanmadhye vikasit jhalelya prakriyecha parinam aahe. tyat nagrik aanee jeey yapudhe sashastr sangharshat ladhu shakat naheet tyanchya sanrakshanavar laksh kendrit kele gele. dusya mahayuddhacha parinam mhanoon, mageel sudharananvar aanee 1907 chya kahee hegg adhiveshananchya aadhare charahi adhiveshananmadhye sudharana karnyat aalee aanee 1949 madhye aantarrashtriy samudayane punha sweekarle. nantarchya parishadanmadhye yuddhachya kahee paddhatinvar bandee ghalana aanee nagri yuddhanchya samasyanche nirakaran karananya tartudi jodalya gelya.
pahilya teen jineva adhiveshananmadhye sudharana karnyat aalee, vistar karnyat aala aanee tyanchi jaaga ghenyat aalee aanee 1949 madhye chauthya adhiveshanala jodanyat aale.
jineva conventionmadhye teen atirikt durusti protocol aaheth
tyamule 1949chya jineva adhiveshanankade 1864 madhye suru jhalelya prakriyecha parinam mhanoon pahile jaau shakate. aaj tyanni 194 pakshansah sarvatrik sahbhag sadhya keela aahe. yacha arth teey jawaljawal konatyahi aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshala lagoo hotat. tathapi, atirikt niyamavalila adyap sarvatrik manyata midaleli nahee, kaaran america aanee itar anek mahattvapoorn lashkari shakti (jase iran, israyal, bharat aanee pakistan) sadhya tyanche pakshakar naheet.
ilh aanee yuddhachya niyamanmadhil aitihasik abhisaran.
1977chya jineva adhiveshananche atirikt niyam swikarlyanantar, kayadyache done prakar ekatra yeu lagale, jaree manavtevar laksh kendrit karananya tartudi aadhich hegg kayadyat aadhalu shakalya (mhanje.eae. kahee yuddhakaidyanche aanee tabyat ghetalelya pradeshantil nagarikanche sanrakshn). 1977 chya atirikt niyamavalimadhye, aantarrashtriy aanee antargat asha donhi sangharshatil piditanchya sanrakshanashi sambandhit, keval hegcha kayada aanee jenevhacha kayada yaa donhi pailuncha samavesh keela gela nahee, tarr manavadhikaranchya mahattvachya tartudi dekhil samavisht kelya gelya.
ii. ell. chey moolbhut niyam.
udaharane.
asha niyamanchya suprasiddha udaharananmadhye doctoranvar kinwa laal cross pradarshit karananya rugnavahikevar hallah karnyavar bandee ghalane samavisht aahe. pandhara zenda asalelya vyaktivar kinwa vahanavar golibar karnyasahi manai aahe, kaaran too, yuddhaviramacha zenda manla jaane, sharanagati patkarnyacha hetu kinwa sanvad sadhanyachi ichcha darshavate. konatyahi paristhitit, laal cross kinwa pandhya zendyane sanrakshit kelelya vyaktinni tatasthata rakhane apekshit aahe aanee teey swatah yuddhasarkhya krutyanmadhye sahbhagi houu shakat naheet; pandhya zendyakhali kinwa laal crosskhali yuddh kriyakalapanmadhye sahbhagi hone heey swatach yuddh kayadyanche ullanghan aahe.
yuddhachya kayadyanchi hii udaharane sambodhit karatatah
vishisht ganvesh kinwa itar sahaj olakhata yenyajogi badge ghalane aanee ughadpane shastre balgane, asha kahee vishisht aavashyakta purn naan karata ladhait sahbhagi hone heey yuddh kayadyanche ullanghan aahe. shatrucha ganvesh ghaloon dusya bajuchya sainikanchi veshbhusha karnyas parvanagi aahe, jaree tyaa ganveshat ladhane bekaydeshir aahe, tasech bandhakanchi nemanook karane dekhil bekaydeshir aahe.
nantarchya jodya.
aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayadyat aata vishisht shastranvar bandee ghalanare anek karar samavisht aahet. hii sammati mukhytah tayar karnyat aalee hotee kaaran yaa shastranmule sangharsh sampalyanantar byanch kalanantar mrutyu aanee dukhapat hote. naan futalelya jaminichya khaninmule varshala 7,000 paryant mrutyu jhaale aahet; naan futalele bomb, visheshtah anek lahan "bomb" vikhuralelya cluster bombmule, anekancha mrutyu jhaala aahe. piditanpaiki andaje 98 takke nagrik aahet; shetat nangarani karnare shetkari aanee hii sphotake sapadanari mule heey samanya balee tharale aahet. yaa karananmule, khaleel sammati swikarlya gelya aaheth
reed crosschee aantarrashtriy samitee.
aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayadyantargat niyantran pradhikaran mhanoon spashtapane naav denyat aaleli aay. see. aar. see. hii ekmev sanstha aahe. aay. see. aar. see. chaa kayadeshir aadesh 1949 chya chaar geneva adhiveshananmadhun tasech tyachya swatachya kayadyanmadhun udbhavato.
ullanghan aanee shiksha.
sangharshachya velee, yuddhachya niyamanche ullanghan kelyabaddalachya shikshemadhye badala ghenyachya yuddh kayadyanche vishisht, jaanunbujun aanee maryadit ullanghan asoo shakate.
jeey ladhvayye yuddh kayadyatil vishisht tartudinche ullanghan karatat, tyanna yuddhakaidi mhanoon dilele sanrakshn aanee darja gamavatat, parantu keval saksham nyayadhikaranala samore gelyanantar. tyaa velee, teey bekaydeshir ladhvayye banatat, parantu tarihi tyanna 'manavteshi vagavale gele pahije aanee khatalyachya babatit, tyanna nyayya aanee niyamit khatalyachya adhikaranpasun vanchit thewale jaanar nahee', kaaran teey ajunahi tyanchya akhtyarit yetat.
hair aanee dahashatvadi heey keval yuddh kayadyandvare sanrakshit kele jaatat, jarr tyanna dharan karnari 'shakti' sashastr sangharsh kinwa yuddhachya sthiteet asel aanee joparyant teey 'bekaydeshir ladhvayye' asalyache aadhalun yet nahee. paristhitinusar, teey tyanchya krutyansathi nagri kayada kinwa lashkari nyayadhikaranachya adheen asoo shakatat. vyavharat, tyanna anekada chhal aanee fashi denyat aalee aahe. yuddh kayade tyanchya vyaptichya baher asalelya asha krutyanna manyata dett naheet kinwa tyancha nishedh karat naheet. heranna keval khatalyachya sunavaninantarach shiksha houu shakate; jarr tyanchya swatachya sainyat punha sameel jhalyanantar pakadale gele tarr tyanna yuddhakaidi mhanoon manale gele pahije. sashastr sangharshadarmyan, shatrutvat sahbhagi naan hota pakadale gelele sanshayit dahashatvadi keval jee. see. 4 nusar tabyat ghetale jaau shakatat aanee niyamit khatalyacha tyanna haqq aahe. jyaa deshanni 'yuen convention against torcher' varr swakshari kelee aahe, tyanni konatyahi karanastav konavarhi atyachar naan karnyache vachan dile aahe.
sangharsh sampalyanantar, jyaa vyaktinni yuddh kayadyanche aanee visheshtah atyacharanche konatehi ullanghan kele aahe, tyanna kayadyachya prakriyedvare yuddh gunhyansathi vaiyaktikaritya jababdar dharale jaau shakate.
nagarikanna lagoo honanya pramukh tartudi aanee tattve.
chauthya jineva adhiveshanamadhye nagri loksankhyevar laksh kendrit kele aahe. 1977 madhye swikaranyat aalelya done atirikt niyamavalimule aantarrashtriy (aii. pii. aay.) aanee bigger-aantarrashtriy (aii. pii. aay.) sashastr sangharshat nagri sanrakshanacha vistar aanee balkatikaran jhaleh udaharanarth, nagarikanvar thet halle karnyas bandee ghaloon. nagri' chee vyakhya 'sashastr dalanshi sambandhit nasaleli konatihi vyakti' ashee kelee jaate, jyat bigger-nagrik aanee nirvasitancha samavesh aahe. tathapi, heey manya kele jaate qee mohimanmule nagri nuksan houu shakate. aantarrashtriy faujdari nyayalayache mukhya abhiyojak louis moreno ocampo yanni 2006 madhye lihileh "aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayada aanee rome kayada kahee nagri mrutyu kinwa dukhapati hotil heey dnyat asale tarihi, ladhau lokanna lashkari uddishtanviruddha pramanbaddh halle karanyachi parvanagi detat. nagarikanvar hetupurassar hallah jhalyas gunha ghadato (bhed darshavinyache tattva)... kinwa apekshit lashkari fayadhyachya (pramanbaddhateche tattva) sandarbhat aakasmik nagri dukhapati spashtapane jaast asateel yaa dnyanane lashkari uddeshane hallah keela jaato."
nagarikanche sanrakshn karnyasathichya ii. ell. chya tartudi aanee tattve pudhilpramane aaheth
nagarikanche sanrakshn karananya tartudi aanee tattve.
bhed karnyache tattva.
bhed karnyache tattva nagri loksankhya aanee nagri vastunche lashkari karvayanchya parinamanpasun sanrakshn karate. sashastr sangharshachya pakshanna nehmich aanee serve paristhitinmadhye, ekikade ladhvayye aanee lashkari uddishte aanee dusarikade nagrik aanee nagri vastoo yanchyat farak karane aavashyak aahe; aanee keval pahilya lakshya karnyasathi. nagarikanni shatrutvat thet bhag ghetala tarr teey sanrakshn gamavatil ashee tartudahi tyat aahe. aay. see. aar. see. laa vegalepanache tattva dekhil rajyachya vyavharat pratibimbit jhalyache aadhalale aahe; mhanunach aantarrashtriy aanee bigger-aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshanmadhye paramparik aantarrashtriy kayadyache heey eka sthapit manak aahe.
aavashyakta aanee praman.
aavashyakta aanee pramanbaddhata hii manavtavadi kayadyatil sthapit tattve aahet. ii. ell. antargat, eka ladhvayya keval shatrula parabhoot karnyasathi aavashyak asaleli rakkam aanee prakarchi shakti lagoo karoo shakato. pudhe, lashkari vastunvaril hallyanmule apekshit thet lashkari fayadhyachya sandarbhat atimanav manalya jaananya nagri jivanacha naash houu naye. nagarikanchi jivitahani talhanyasathi senapatinni serve shakya tee khabardari ghetali pahije. aay. see. aar. see. laa pramanbaddhateche tattva dekhil aantarrashtriy aanee bigger-aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshanmadhye paramparik aantarrashtriy kayadyacha bhag asalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
manvi upcharanche tattva.
manvi vagnukichya tattvanusar nagarikanna nehmich manvi vaganuk dilee jaane aavashyak aahe. jee. see. ess. chey samanya kalam 3 jeevan aanee vyaktivar honara hinsachar (kroor vaganuk aanee chhalasah), bandhake ghene, apmanaspad aanee apmanaspad vaganuk aanee 'horse dii combett' (jakhami, aajari aanee jahaj kosalalelya) vyaktinsah bigger-ladhvayyanviruddha niyamit khatalyashivay fashi denyas manai karate. nagarikanna tyanchi sharirik aanee mansik akhandata, tyancha sanman, kautumbik adhikar, dharmik vishvas aanee pratha aanee tyanchi shishtachar aanee pratha yancha aadar karnyacha adhikar aahe. aantarrashtriy aanee bigger-aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshanna lagoo honanya paramparik aantarrashtriy kayadyache eka manak mhanoon manvi vagnukichya yaa tattwala aay. see. aar. see. neey pushti dilee aahe.
bhedbhav naan karnyache tattva.
bhedbhav naan karnyache tattva heey ii. etch. ell. chey mukhya tattva aahe. vansh, ling, rashtriyatva, dharmik shraddha kinwa rajkiy mutt yavar aadharit pratikool bhedbhav yuddhakaidi, nagrik aanee vyaktinchya 'horse dii combat' chya vagnukimadhye pratibandhit aahe. vansh, dharm, ling kinwa rajkiy matanusar bhedbhav naan karata, sangharshatil pakshankadun serve sanrakshit vyaktinna samaan vicharane vagavale jaeel. sashastr sangharshane prabhavit jhalelya pratyek vyaktila bhedbhav naan karata tyache moolbhut adhikar aanee hummy milanyacha haqq aahe. aantarrashtriy aanee bigger-aantarrashtriy sashastr sangharshat paramparik aantarrashtriy kayadyacha bhag mhanoon pratikool bhedbhavavaril bandee dekhil aay. see. aar. see. dware vicharat ghetali jaate.
mahila aanee mule.
balatkar, jabardastine veshyavyavasay aanee konatyahi prakarchya ashleel hallyapasoon mahilanche sanrakshn kele gele pahije. athara varshankhalil mulanna shatrutvat bhag ghenyachi parvanagi dilee jaau naye, tyanchya aarogya aanee surakshitatela tivra dhoka asalyamule tatpurte vagalata tyanchya vyatirikt itar deshadvare paradeshat halavale jaau naye aanee jarr anath kinwa tyanchya kutumbanpasun vegale kele gele asel tarr tyanchi dekhbhal kelee pahije aanee tyanna shikshan dile pahije.
ling aanee sanskruti.
ling.
jee. see. aanee aii. pii. ess. madheel vividh taratudinmadhye aupcharik samanata aanee bhedbhav naan karnyachya sankalpanevar ii. ell. jore dete. lingbhedavar aadharit konatyahi pratikool bhedbhavashivay' sanrakshn dile gele pahije. udaharanarth, yuddhakaidyanchya babatit, mahilanna "purushanitakich anukool vaganuk" milane aavashyak aahe. aupcharik samanatechya davyanvyatirikt, mahilansathi vishesh sanrakshn, udaharanarth, yuddhakaidyanna purushanpeksha swatantra vasatigruhe pradan karane aanee mahilanvaril laingik hinsacharavar bandee ghalane, heey ii. ell. anivarya karate.
mahila aanee purushanchya sangharshachya anubhavanchya vastavane ilhchya kahee ling maryada adhorekhit kelya aahet. strivadi samikshakanni purush ladhvayyanvar ilhache laksh kendrit karane aanee piditanchya darjavar mahilanna parat aanane aanee tyanna jawaljawal keval baal-palak mhanoon kayadeshirata dene yala aavhan dile aahe. jineva paramparanmadhil mahilanshi sambandhit 42 tartudinchya abhyasat aanee atirikt niyamavalimadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee jawaljawal ardhe garbhavati kinwa stanpan karananya matanna sambodhit karatat. sangharshat asalelya purushanvaril laingik hinsacharachya muddyavar adyap yogya tyaa pramanat laksh denyat aalele nahee, assa yuktivad itaranni keela aahe.
sashastr sangharshat mahilanchya sanrakshanasathi soft-low upkarnanvar bharr denyat aala aaheh
itar kayadeshir yantranansah, visheshtah mahilanvaril serve prakarchya bhedbhavachya nirmulanasathiche yu. aine. adhiveshan (sedo), heey aay. etch. ell. chey spashtikaran aanee amalbajavani vadhavu shakatat.
yavyatirikt, aantarrashtriy faujdari nyayadhikarananni (purvichya yugoslavia aanee ravandasathichya aantarrashtriy faujdari nyayadhikarananpramane) aanee mishra nyayadhikarananni (siera leonsathichya vishesh nyayalayapramane) laingik hinsa aanee sangharshatil balatkarachya vyakhyanchi vyapti vadhavanyat yogdan dile aahe. tyanni sashastr sangharshadarmyan kelelya laingik aanee ling-aadharit gunhyanvar prabhavipane khatala chalavala aahe. ling-aadharit gunhyanvar aata susthapit nyayshastra aahe. tathapi, aantarrashtriy manavtavadi kayadyantargat ling rachana aanakhi vikasit karanyachi tatadichi garaj aahe.
sanskruti.
aantarrashtriy manavadhikaranpramanech 'sanskrutik sapekshatavad' yaa vishayavarchya charcha aanee tikanna samanyatah ilh heey patra rahile nahee. jineva adhiveshananmadhye aanee atirikt protocolmadhye ilhache aadhunik sanhitakaran tulanene naveen asale taree aanee navat european asale taree, mukhya sankalpana naveen naheet aanee yuddhashi sambandhit kayade serve sanskratinmadhye aadhalu shakatat.
udaharanarth, madhya purv, somalia, lattin america aanee prashant kshetravaril aay. see. aar. see. chya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee purvichya, parantu samanyatah aadhunik ii. ell. shhee susangat asalelya vividh sanskratinmadhye paramparik aanee dirghakalin pratha aahet. ii. ell. chya anushangane asalelya sthanik aanee sanskrutik paddhatincha aadar karane mahatvache aahe. yaa duvyanvar aanee sthanik paddhatinvar avalambun rahilyane sthanik gut aanee samudayanmadhye eae. etch. ell. tattvambaddal jagrukta vadhavanyas aanee tyanche palan karnyas madat houu shakate.
durham savadh karato qee, jaree paramparik paddhati aanee aay. etch. ell. kayadeshir nikash mothya pramanat susangat asale taree, paripoorn sanrekhan gruheet naan dharane mahatvache aahe. ashee kahee kshetre aahet jyat kayadeshir nikash aanee sanskrutik paddhati parasparvirodhi aahet. udaharanarth, mahilanvaril hinsacharala sanskratichya yuktivadanmule anekada kayadeshir manyata milate aanee tarihi ilh aanee itar aantarrashtriy kayadyanmadhye pratibandhit aahe. asha paristhitit, aay. etch. ell. varr nakaratmak parinam honar nahee yachee khatri karane mahatvache aahe.