pedal steel gitar

pedal steel gitar haah steel gitarcha eka console-prakar aahe jyamadhye pedal aanee gudghyachya liver asatat jeey steelchya itar gitar designspecsha adhik vaividhyapurn aanee guntaguntiche sangeet vajavanyasathi vishisht taranchi mandani badaltat. serve steelchya gitarpramanech, teey amaryadit glissandy (sliding notes) aanee sakhol compan vajavu shakate-hii vaishishtye manvi aavajasah samayik karatat. pedal steel heey samanyatah american deshi sangeet aanee hawaiyan sangitashi sambandhit aahe.
1940 madhye lapp steel gitarmadhye paddle jodale gele, jyamule kalakarala patti halavalyashivay mothya pramanat vajavata aale aanee taar martana paddle dhakalata aale, jyamule passing notes slur hotat kinwa vidyaman noteschya susangatatet vakatat. nantarche eka adviteey aavaj tayar karate joou deshi aanee pashchatya sangeetat lokpriy aahe-eka aavaj joou paddle jodanyapurvi steelchya gitarvar purvi shakya navhata.
utkranti shatkat havaimadhye tyachya pahilya vaparapasoon, vaparapasoon shatkachya purvardhat steel gitarcha aavaj americet lokpriy jhaala aanee guitars aadvya sthiteet vajavanyasathi visheshtah rachana kelelya vadyanche eka kutumb tayar jhaale, jyala "hawaiyan-shaili" asehi mhanatat. yaa kalkramanusar pahile vadya hawaiyan gitar hote jyala lapp steel dekhil mhanatat; tyanantar teey mothyane karnyasathi resonators lapp steel hote, jeey pratham rashtriy aanee dobro corporation tayar kele. vidyut gitar uchalanyacha shodh 1934 madhye lagla, jyamule steelchya guitarla itar vadyanpramanech aikoo yeu shakale. electronic pravardhanane tyanantar vidyutikrut lapp steel, nantar console steel aanee shevati pedal steel gitarcha vikas saksham keela.
pedal steel vajavanyasathi donhi haat, donhi paay aanee donhi gudghyanche ekach velee samanvay aavashyak asanyasathi asamanya sharirik aavashyakta asatat (gudghe pratyek gudghyachya madhyavarti aanee bajukadil bajunna sachchidra chalavatat); samaan aavashyakta asalele ekmev itar upkaran mhanje american reed aurg. vadya vikasit karnyat agresaranmadhye buddy emmons, jimmi day, budd isack, zena beeck aanee paul bigusby yancha samavesh aahe. american deshi sangitavyatirikt, heey vadya purv aanee dakshin united statesmadhil (jyala pavitra steel mhanatat), jazz aanee nigerian sangitamadhye pavitra sangeetat vaparale jaate.
prarambhik itihas aanee utkranti.
utkranti shatkachya uttaradhat, european khalashi aanee mexican "vacross" yanni hawaiyan betanvar spanish gitar sadar kele. havaiyananni tyanchya parichayanantar vaparat asalele manak gitar tuning sweekarle nahee. tyaeivaji, jevha serve sahaa taranna strum kele jaat asey, jyala aata "open tuning" mhanoon olakhale jaate, tevha tyanna eka pramukh taar vajavanyasathi tyanni gitar punha tune kele. yasathichi sandnya 'slack-qee' aahe kaaran tee sadhya karnyasathi kahee taranna 'slack' kele gele hote. taar badalanyasathi, tyanni kahee gulgulit vastoo vaparali, sahasa pipe kinwa dhatucha tukada, tee taranvar chauthya kinwa pachvya sthanavar sarkavat, sahajpane teen-taranche gaane vajavat. gitar shariravar dharoon asatana dorivar steelchi patti dharane sharirikdrushtya katheen asate aanee havaiyananni mandivar gitar thewale aanee basoon vajavale. asha prakare khelane sampoorn havaimadhye lokpriy jhaale aanee aantarrashtriy staravar pasarale.
vidyut pravardhan.
hawaiyan lapp steel gitar itar vadyanshi spardha karnyasathi purese jorat navhate, hii samasya anek shodhak sodavanyacha prayatna karat hote. 1920 chya dashakat losses angelisemadhye, george beauchamp navachya steel gitar gitar vyaktine kahee shodh pahile jyat steelchya guitarla mothyane vajavanyasathi megafonsarkhe horn jodale gele. beauchampla rus vatoo lagla aanee too adhik jaanun ghenyasathi tyachya gharajavalil eka dukanat gela. johnn dopira navachya violine durustichya durustichya heey dukan hote. dopira aanee tyacha bhau rudy yanni beauchampla tyancha eka namuna dakhavala joou guitarla jodalelya mothya victrola hornsarkha disat hota, parantu too yashasvi jhaala nahee. tyanchya pudhil prayatnala gitarchya pulakhali jodalelya mothya dhatuchya laudspeekarsarkhe resonator cones kahise yash midale. tyanchya yashane utsahi jhalelya beauchampne dopira bandhunsobat tyanchya shodhacha pathpurava karnyasathi eka company sthapan kelee. losses angelisemadhil eka bhavya samarambhat naveen anunadakachya shodhala protsahan denyat aale aanee prasiddha hawaiyan steel kheladu soul hoopy yanni tyache pradarshan kele. tyach ratri eka guntavanukdarane 12,000 dollarcha dhanadesh lihila.
naveen anunadkansah dhatoo-shareer gitar tayar karnyasathi eka karkhana bandhanyat aala hota. paishachya samasya aanee matbhed pudhe aale aanee doperiya yanni companyvar beauchampviruddha kayadeshir ladhai jinkley, nantar swatahun 'daad dobro corporation' sthapan kele, jeey dopera aanee brothersche sankshipt roop hote. beauchampchi nokri gelee hotee. too anek varshanpasun 'electric gitar' chaa vichar karat hota aanee dopayarambarobarchya vadacha kahee bhag too vidyutikaranachya kalpanevar jaast vel ghalvat hota aanee resonator gitar sudharanyasathi puresa navhata. beauchampne electronics abhyaskramat pravesh ghetala aanee tyachya pahilya prayatnat tyane 2x4 lakadachya tukadyatoon eka taar asaleli gitar tayar kelee aanee phonograph uchalanyacha prayog keela, parantu tyala yash midale nahee. akheris tyala gitarchya taranna braceletsarkhe vedhanare done ghodyachya nalyache chumbak aanee chumbakeey kshetra kendrit karnyasathi (pratyek gitarchya tarakhali eka) tarane gundallele sahaa lahan dhatuche rodd vaparanyachi kalpana suchali.
electronic emplifier aanee loudspeakershi jodale gele tevha teey kaam karat hote. tyane tyachya yantrashi jodanyasathi gitarchi maan aanee shareer tayar karnyasathi eka kushal karagirachi madat ghetali. tyala vatale qee antim rachana talanyachya bhandyashi disate aanee hetch vadya topananav dile gele. tyanni 2 juuna 1934 roji petantsathi arj keela aanee 10 august 1937 roji teey prapt jhaale. beauchampne jawalchya edolph rickenbacker navachya abhiyantyala utpadanachya nirmitimadhye madat karnyas sangitale aanee tyanni ektritpane pratham 'roow-patt-inn' navachi company sthapan kelee, jee lavkarach 'electrostering' madhye badalali. gitarchya brandla 'rickenbacker' asey mhatale jaat asey kaaran tyanna vatale qee heey naav 'beauchamp' (beecham uchchar) peksha uchcharane sope aahe aanee kaaran edolphcha chulat bhau, edee rickenbacker, eka american pilot aanee wwy flying ess, heey yuu. ess. madhye eka suprasiddha naav hote.ess. tyaa velee.
1931 madhye, mahamandi sarvat white sthiteet hotee aanee lock gitar vikat ghet navhate; yavyatirikt, paytant karyalayane arj karnyas vilamb keela, kaaran tyanchyakade shodhasathi konatihi shreni navhati-teey eka sangeet vadya hote qee vidyut upkaran? vidyut taranchya pratispardhyanni petantache ullanghan kele, parantu ullanghananvar khatala dakhal karnyasathi malkankade paise navhate. beauchamp shevati tyachya shodhasathi aarthik labhapasoon vanchit rahila kaaran tyachya pratispardhyanni tyat zapatyane sudharana kelee jyamule tyache vishisht paytant kalbahya jhaale. vidyut taranche sarvat yashasvi utpadan mhanje hawaiyan gitar (lapp steel) aii22 "frying panne" heey konatyahi prakarche pahile vidyutikrut vadya-paramparik spanish gitarpeksha lahan asalelya dhatuchya sharirane tayar kelele, sangitkarachya mandivar vajavale jaanare.
done atirikt pragati udayala aalyah eka, gitar emplifier, joou shodh vaparnyasathi kharedi karava lagla; aanee done, kadachit tyaa velee avastav, qee vidyutikrut guitarla aata paramparik gitar aakar nasava lagla-yamule electric gitarchya designsver kayamcha kholvar prabhav padala.
lapp steel.
pahilya lapp steelche shareer lahan hote, parantu tarihi gitarsarkha aakar kayam hota. upkaran nirmatyanni tyanna vegane vidyut uchalasah lakadachya aayatakruti thokyat banavanyas suruvat kelee, joou pedal steelcha purvavarti hota. sangeet lekhak michael ross yanchya matey, vyavsayik dhvanimudranavaril pahile vidyutikrut taryukt vadya 1935 madhye bobb dunn yanni lihilele pashchatya swing gaane hote. tyanni milton braun aanee tyanchya sangeet brauninsah dhwanimudran kele. tapkiri rangala 'pashchatya swingche janak' mhatale gele aahe, lapp steelchi antarnihit maryada mhanje punarrachana naan karata sadarikaranadarmyan badalnyayogya nasalelya agadi maryadit swarmelansathichi tyachi maryada hotee. yaa karanastav, lapp steel kheladunsathi vividh tuning upalabdh aahet.
lapp steel heey console steel banate.
pudhil samasya hatalali jaane mhanje ekach gitarvar vegvegalya aavajanni vajavanyachi garaj; i.eae.jyaa prakare taranchi tune kelee jaate. tyach velee heey sadhya karnyacha ekmev marg mhanje tyach vadyavar eka duplicate maan aanee taar jodane, vegalya prakare tune kelele. kheladunni adhik maan jodane suru thewale, akheris charparyant pohochale. yacha arth eka mothe aanee judd vadya, jyala aata 'console' mhanatat, jyala kalakaranchya mandivar thevanyaivaji ubhe kinwa payanvar thevane aavashyak hote. bobb wills asalelya lapp steel vadak noel bogsla 1953 madhye vadya nirmata lio fenderne banavaleli pahili steel gitar midali. fenderne tyachya vadyanchi chachani ghenyasathi pramukh kalakaranvar avalambun rahile. ekal kheladarmyan vegalya manevar jaanyajogya pahilya kheladunpaiki bogs haah eka hota. steel gitar ragg' chey sangitkar, lyon macauliffe heey dekhil bobb willsberober vajavat asat aanee tyanni bahu-maan asaleli steel gitar vaparali. jevha willsney tyachi prasiddha tagg line, "tee kadhoon taaka, leone" asey mhatale, tevha too mccaulifcha sandarbh dett hota. 1959 madhye, fandermaster tripple-neck console steel heey pahilya kramankache hiit gaane, 'sleep walk', jeey farrina bandhu, santo aanee johnny yanni vajavalele steel gitar hote, tyat aikoo aale.
console steel heey pedal steel banate.
ekach vadyavar anek maan bandhanyachya kharchamule bahutek kheladunsathi tyaa parvadanyajogya navhatya aanee adhik atyadhunik upay aavashyak hota. yaa tappyavar, dusare maan anukaran karnyasathi ekach velee serve taranchi mandani badalanari eka pedal tayar karane heey keval uddisht hote. 1939 madhye, 'electradare' navachya gitarmadhye solnoid niyantrit karnara eka pedal hota, jyamule taranvaril taana badalanyasathi vidyut upkaran suru hote. heey yashasvi jhaale nahee. tyach varshi, bandleader alvino reey yanni eka yantrakarabarobar kaam karoon taranchi mandani badalanyasathi paddlechi rachana kelee, parantu teey yashasvi jhaale nahee. indianapolisachya harlen bandhunni sarvatrik peddles 'bahu-dorkhand' tayar keela joou konatyahi kinwa serve taranchi mandani samayojit karnyasathi karnyasathi sahajpane sanrachit keela jaau shakato, parantu serve taranna ekach velee taana detana dhakalane atyant katheen hote. gibson gitar companyne 1940 madhye 'electraharp' sadar kele, jyat vadyachya davya magchya payavar ekach akshapasun trijyabhimukh paddle hote. heey vadya lokpriy navhate aanee utpadan thambanyapurvi keval 43 vikale gele hote, parantu yuu.ess. bajavali mahayuddhat pravesh kelyane maganichya abhavat eka bhoomika bajavali. bajavali mahayuddhanantar, gibsonne vidyutharp aanee budd izackchi punarnirmiti kelee aanee rajachya nondisathi 'bigg blue diamonds' yaa ganyavar eka vaparale. vividh spardhkanmadhil sarvat yashasvi pedal pranalichi rachana 1948 chya sumaras paul bigsby yaa motorcycle dukanacha pramukh aanee dhavpatoone kelee hotee, jyane vyavsayikdrushtya yashasvi spanish gitar vibrato telpisacha shodh lavala hota. bigsbyne steelchya gitarchya pudhil done payanchya darmyanchya rackver paddle thewale. doranchi swarmel unchavanyasathi taana lagoo karnyasathi paddle yantrik jodani chalvat asat.
bigsbyne vegwan west, noel bogs aanee budd isacks tyaa kalatil aaghadichya steel vadkansathi tyachya rachanecha samavesh karoon gitar tayar kele, parantu bigusby heey vayachya 56 vya varshi tyachya garragemadhun kaam karnare eka-vyakti operation hote aanee magani purn karnyas saksham navhate. bigsbeechya pahilya gitarpaiki eka 1949 madhye edee kirkne 'candy kiss' varr vaparla hota. bigsbyne banavalele dusare model vegwan paschimela gele, jyanni tyacha mothya pramanat vapar keela.
deshi sangitatil pedal steelh eka naveen aavajacha janm.
1953 madhye, budd isackla bigsbeechya naveen nirmitipaiki eka, duheri maan asalela steel midala, jyamadhye keval done taranchi pitch badalanyasathi paddle hote. swar ajunahi vajat asatana paddle dhakalanare isaq heey pahile hote. itar polad utpadakanni asey karane katekorpane talhale, kaaran teey "unn-havayian" manale jaat hote. jevha isackne 1953 madhye web piercechya ganyachya 'haloohaloo' dhvanimudranachya rachanecha pratham vapar keela, tevha tyane taar vajavtana pedalla dhakalale, jenekarun itar taranshi susangat honyasathi notes khaleen vidyaman tarat vaktana aikoo yeu shaktil, jyamule eka aashcharyakarak parinam nirman hoil joou junya (naun-pedal) lapp steels shakya navhata. haloohaloo' yaa dhvanimudranabaddal, steel gitarcha gunee kheladu lloyd green mhanala, 'budd isaks yaa vyaktine, yaa dhvanimudranachya aagamanane, joou aajahi pratidhvanit hoto, steelbaddalchya sangeet vicharanmadhye eka naveen sadhan takale hote."too bhavishyatil deshi sangitachya aavajacha janm hota aanee jyaa steel vadakanna tyachi nakkal karayachi hotee, tyanchyat aabhasi kranti ghadavun aanali.
1950 chya dashakat dekhil, steel gitar holl-auph-famour zena bekne paddle steel gitarmadhye gudghyache kamani jodale jeey notes khalee vakavanyas saksham hote. kheladu pratyek gudghyala ujavikade, davikade kinwa varr halavoo shakato (modelnusar) jyamule khelpattimadhye vegvegale badal hotat. liver mulat payanchya paddlepramanech karya karatat aanee itar gudghyachya sanyogane kinwa adhik samanyatah, eka kinwa done payanchya paddlechya sanyogane ektyane vaparale jaau shakatat. teey pratham reey norenchya console steelmadhye jodale gele. suruvatila, gudghyachya khandyavaril khandyavaril khamb fakt khelpatti khalee aanat asat, parantu nantarchya varshant sudharana karoon, khelpatti varr kinwa khalee aanoo shakat asat.
pedal steelmadhye mitra emmonsche yogdan.
jevha 'haloohaloo' pradarshit jhaale, tevha bigusby steelchya kushal mitransathi gitar tayar karnyachya prakriyet hota. emmonsney yaa ganyavar isackche sadarikaran aikale aanee bigsbeela sangitale qee tyane isackchya ekal pedalache karya done paddlemadhe vibhajit karnyasathi gitarchi mandani karavi, pratyekjan vegalya taravar niyantran thevato. yamule dorkhand tirkas naan karata kinwa halavoon naan karata taar banavanyache fayade midale, udaa.jee., alpavayin aanee nilambit swarmel. jimmi day yaa tyaa kalatil aanakhi eka pramukh polad kheladune teech gosht kelee, parantu done paddlemule konatya taranvar parinam jhaala heey ulatale. yamule bhavishyatil utpadakanni grahakanna 'divas' kinwa 'emmons' setup havah aahe qaa heey vicharnyas pravrutt kele. 1957 madhye, emmonsney gitarvadak/yantrakar harrold "shaut" jacksonsobat bhagidari karoon shhow-budd company sthapan kelee, jee keval pedal steel gitar utpadanasathi samarpit asaleli pahili company hotee.
emmonsney steelchya gitarmadhye itar navkalpana kelya, jyat done atirikt taar (jyala 'chromatics' mhanatat) aanee eka tisra pedal jodala gela, jeey badal aadhunik kalatil eae9 vadyat manak mhanoon sweekarle gele aahet. atirikt taranmule kheladu baar halavalyashivay mothya pramanat kheloo shakato. tyane steelchya gitarvaril taranchi swarvrund unchavanyasathi aanee qamee karnyasathi aanee surabaher naan jaata mool swarvrundakade parat jaanyasathi eka yantrana vikasit kelee aanee paytant ghetale. tyaa kalatil shhoo-budd vadyanmadhye serve navintam vaishishtye hotih 10 taar, tisra pedal aanee gudghyachya khandyavaril katri.
aadhunik pedal steel.
 pedal steel heey sankramankalatil eka sadhan aahe. americet, 2017 paryant, eae9 maan adhik samanya aahe, parantu bahutek pedal steelna ajunahi done maan asatat. kele samanyatah pashchatya swing sangitasathi vaparale jaate aanee eae9 neck adhik vela deshi sangitasathi vaparale jaate. vegvegalya maneche aavaj vegale asatat. kele chee swaranchi shreni eae9 peksha jaast asate, mukhytah khalchya swaranvar.
kahee kheladu vegvegalya mandani pasant karatat, jyachya sandarbhat paddle aanee liver konate karya karatat aanee konatya string tuningla pradhanya dile jaate. 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila sangitkar tomm bradshow yanni 'cord-pedal-arrangement' chaa eka portmanto 'copedent' () haah shabd tayar keela. keela tablechya swarupat darshavilele, heey vadyache tuning, pedal aanee liver setup, string gej aanee string winding nirdisht karnyacha eka marg aahe.
done sarvat lokpriy aadhunik tuning (eae9 aanee kele) ekach 12 kinwa 14-string galyat ekatra karnyasathi 'sarvatrik tuning' chey samarthak aahet jyat pratyekachi kahee vaishishtye samavisht aahet. teey mauris andersonne vikasit kele aanee nantar larry belane tyat badal kele. kele tuningla tuningla banavanyasathi ardha tappa qamee karoon, eae9 tunings anek samanata tyach manevar sadhya kelee jaate aanee tyala tyala tuning mhanatat.
gair-paramparik shailinmadhye vapara.
paddle steel samanyatah american deshi sangitashi sambandhit aahe, parantu teey kadhikadhi jazz, pavitra sangeet, lokpriy sangeet, nuu jazz aanee african sangitatahi aikale jaate.
1930 chya dashakat americet, steel gitarchya lokpriyatechya latedarmyan, heey vadya pramukhyane nashville aanee indianapolis yethe sthit asalelya african-american pentecostal sampradayachya 'haus auph godd' yaa shakhet sadar karnyat aale. yaa aavajacha vishisht american deshi sangitashi konatahi mell navhata. steelchi gitar mandaline sweekarli aanee anekada tee angachi jaaga ghet asey. yaa paramparet paddlecha (lapaivaji) steelcha pahila dastaivajikaranit vapar 1952 madhye jhaala hota, parantu too jhaala nahee.
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant samanya. 1980 chya dashakat, robbert randolph navachya eka mantryachya mulane kishoravayin vayat heey vadya sweekarle aanee tyala lokpriy kele aanee sangitkar mhanoon tyala samikshakanchi prashansa midali, toparyant 'pavitra steel' mhanoon olakhali jaanari hii sangeet shaili mothya pramanat adnyat hotee. newyork times' madhye lihitana niil strossney randolfla tyachya pidhitil sarvat mool aanee pratibhavan pedal steel gitarvadakanpaiki eka mhatale.
1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat paddle steel gitar nigerian juju sangitacha eka pramukh ghatak banala. nigerian bandleader king sunny edne tyachya 17 peace bandmadhye pedal steel gitar sadar kele, jyane 'newyork times' samikshak johnn parals lihile, 'american blues andd country' madheel eka kinwa done twangchi olakh karoon dilee, bhavishyatil jazche (jazz aanee electronic sangitache mishran) pranete manale jaanare norwegian jaz trumpetter nills pieter molver yanni 'switch' haah album prakashit keela, jyamadhye pedal steel gitar aahe.

