
nagri-lashkari sambandh

nagri-lashkari sambandh (see. aay. vhee.-mill kinwa see. emm. aar.) heey lashkari sanghatana aanee nagri samaj, lashkari sanghatana aanee itar sarkari nokarshahi aanee nete aanee sainya yanchyatil sambandhanche varnan karatat. see. emm. aar. madhye vividh, anekada pramanak kshetra samavisht aahe, jeey vyavasthapan, samajik vidnyan aanee dhoranatmak pramananmadhye aanee tyapalikade jaate. adhik sankshiptapane, tyat dilelya samajacha nagri adhikar aanee tyacha lashkari adhikar yanchyatil sambandhanche varnan kele aahe. "konatyahi rajyache uddisht heey aaplya lokanchya kalyanala dhoka nirman karoo shakananya sattechya gairavaparapasun sanrakshn karat, rashtriy surakshechya mahattvachya hitsambandhanchi seva karnyasathi lashkari vyavsayik shakticha vapar karane heey asate."nagri-lashkari sambandhancha abhyas anekada eka manak gruhitkavar avalambun asato qee deshachya dhoranatmak nirnay ghenyachya antim jababdarichi jababdari nagri rajkiy netrutvachya (mhanje.eae. lashkari (lashkari hukumshahi) aivaji lashkari nagri niyantran.
paramparik nagri-lashkari sambandh siddhantachya kendrasthani eka virodhabhas aahe. rajvatiche rakshan karnyasathi tayar keleli sanstha, lashkar hii dekhil tee seva karat asalelya samajala dhoka nirman karnyasathi pureshi majboot asali pahije. lashkari taba kinwa uthav heey eka udaharan aahe jithe yaa santulanacha vapar sarkar badalanyasathi keela jaato. shevati, lashkarane heey manya kele pahije qee nagri adhikanyanna 'chukiche honyacha adhikar' aahe. dusya shabdant, teey asahmat asalelya dhoranatmak nirnayachya amalbajavanisathi jababdar asoo shakatat. lashkaravar nagri varchasva hii eka guntaguntichi baab aahe. dhoran kinwa nirnayachi achookata kinwa chook sandigdha asoo shakate. nagri nirnay ghenare sudharatmak mahitisathi abhedya asoo shakatat. nagri adhikari aanee lashkari nete yanchyatil sambandh vyavharat tayar karane aavashyak aahe.
tathapi, teey jyaa mukhya samasyeche parikshan karatat tee anubhavjanya aaheh lashkaravar nagri niyantran kase sthapit kele jaate aanee kase rakhale jaate heey spasht karane. vyapak arthane, tyat samaj aanee lashkar ekmekanshi kase julatat kinwa parasparsanvad sadhatat yache parikshan kele jaate aanee tyat jyeshth sainikanche samajat ektrikaran, seva sadasyanchi bharati aanee tyanna kayam thevanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya paddhati aanee yaa pranalinchi nishpakshata aanee parinamkarakta, alpasankhyak, mahila aanee ell. jee. bii. tii. samudayache lashkarat ektrikaran, khajgi kantratdaranche vartan aanee parinam, lashkari sanghatananmadhil sanskratichi bhoomika, sainik aanee majee sainikanche matdan vartan aanee nagrik aanee sainikanmadhil dhoranatmak pradhanyanmadhil antar yasarkhya vishayancha samavesh hoto.
samanyatah abhyasache swatantra shaikshanik kshetra manale jaat nasale taree tyat anek kshetre aanee visheshatanche vidwan aanee vyavsayik samavisht asatat. rajyashastra aanee samajshastravyatirikt, see. aay. vhee.-mill (see. emm. aar.) kayada, tattvadnyan, kshetra abhyas, manasshastra, sanskrutik abhyas, manavvanshashastra, arthshastra, itihas, rajnaitik itihas, patrakarita aanee lashkar yasarkhya vividh kshetranvar aadharit aahe. yaat lashkari nagri niyantran, lashkari vyavsayikta, yuddh, nagri-lashkari mohima, lashkari sanstha aanee itar sambandhit vishayansah parantu itakech maryadit nasalelya vividh vishayancha abhyas aanee charcha samavisht aahe. aantarrashtriy staravar nagri-lashkari sambandhanmadhye jagbharatil charcha aanee sanshodhan samavisht aahe. saiddhantik charchet bigger-rajya ghatak tasech adhik paramparik rashtra-rajyancha samavesh asoo shakato. itar sanshodhanat lashkari rajkiy drushtikon, matdanache vartan aanee lokshahi samajavar tasech lashkari kutumbanvar honara sambhavya parinam aanee sanvad yancha tapasheel samajoon ghene samavisht aahe.
itihas.
nagri-lashkari sambandhancha itihas sunn tzu aanee carl wonn closewitz yanchya likhanat aadhalu shakato, jyanni assa yuktivad keela qee lashkari sanghatana pramukhyane rajyache sevak aahet.
samajamadhye vadhatya lashkarivadabaddalachya chinta, mukhytah visavya shatkachya purvardhatil anubhavanmadhun aalelya, yamule samajatil lashkari sanghatananchya prabhavachi tapasani jhaali.
shityuddhache parinam, visheshtah itihasat prathamach mothe sainya kayam thevanyachya amerikechya nirnayamule, itaki mothee lashkari rachana udarmatvadi lokshahidvare prabhavipane rakhali jaau shakate qee nahee yabaddal chinta nirman jhaali. samuel pii. huntinton aanee mauris janovitz yanni yaa vishayavaril moolbhut pustake prakashit kelee jyamule nagri-lashkari sambandh shaikshanik kshetrat, visheshtah rajyashastra aanee samajshastrat prabhavipane aanale gele.
huntington aanee jannovitz yanchya likhanala vilakshan american prerana asoonahi, tyanche saiddhantik yuktivad itar rashtriy nagri-lashkari abhyasanchya abhyasat vaparale gele aahet. udaharanarth, aisha reey yanni bharatiy nagri-lashkari sambandhanvishayichya tyanchya pustakat huntintonchya kalpanancha vapar keela aahe. ghodyavar basalela manus", samuel eae. finerney huntintonchya kahee yuktivadanna aanee gruhitkans pratyuttar dile aanee avikasit jagatil nagri-lashkari sambandhanvar eka najar takali. adhik vikasit deshanmadhye jitkya shakyata nasalelya sandhee, asha lashkari hastakshepachya sandhee khulya karoo shaktil asha karyakshamatene shasson karnyasathi anek sarkarankade prashasakeey kaushalye nasatat, asey sookshm nirikshan tyanni nondavale.
dusya mahayuddhanantar, visheshtah 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat lashkari uthavanchya vadhatya ghatananmule asha uthavanchya swarupacha abhyas karnyasathi shaikshanik aanee patrakaritatmak vartulat vadhati ruchi nirman jhaali. aafriketil rajkiy ulthapalathimule dahomi, togo, congo aanee uganda yethe lashkari taba ghetala gela, fakt kahee ullekh karnyasathi. dakshin americetil rajkiy ashantata, jyat bolivia (astitvachya pahilya 169 varshant 189 lashkari uthav), chiilii, argentine, brazil, paraguay, peru aanee urugue yethe lashkari uthav samavisht hote, haah mukhyatve davya vicharsaranichya aanee communist netrutvakhalil uthavancha vadhata prabhav rokhanyachya prayatnancha parinam hota. 2006 saalee thayalandmadhye jhalelya lashkari uthavamule yaa kshetrat satat swarasya nirman jhaale.
shityuddhachya samaptimule, sanyukt rajya america aanee purvichya soviet union yaa donhi deshanmadhye, samajat lashkarachya yogya bhoomikebaddal naveen vadavivad jhaala. tathapi, purvipramanech, rajyachi satta qamee hott aahe qee nahee aanee lashkaravar yogya pataliche nagri niyantran aanale jaat aahe qee nahee yavar barich charcha jhaali.
vyavsayik sanstha aanee niyatkalik.
nagri-lashkari vidvanansathi pramukh vyavsayik sanstha mhanje sashastr dall aanee samaj (aay. yuu. ess.) vareel aantar-vidyapith charchasatra. aay. yuu. ess. prayojak 'sashastr seena aanee samajah eka aantarshakhiy niyatkalik' jeey nagri-lashkari sambandh, sainya vividhata, majee sainik, lashkari kutumbe, khajgikaran, adhikari prashikshan, bharati aanee dharana, janmat, sangharsh vyavasthapan, ekak ekatmata, naitikta aanee shantata nirman yavar lekh prakashit karate. sashastr dall aanee samaj' heey niyatkalik texas rajya vidyapithat aahe aanee sadhya tyache sampadan patricia emm. yanni kele aahe. dhaal. sashastr dall aanee samajavaril aantar-vidyapith charchasatra aanee niyatkalik heey aantarrashtriy vyaptiche aahet. tyanchi darr dusya varshi visham varshant eka parishad asate. 2017 chee parishad reston vaa yethe aayojit karnyat aalee hotee.
nagri-lashkari sambandhanmadhil sanshodhanache vishay vegvegale aahet, jyacha purava alikadil shishyavruttitun asha vishayanmadhye midatoh
nagri-lashkari sambandhanmadhil pramukh saiddhantik charcha.
1945 madhye, americene dusya mahayuddhadarmyan ubharalelya prachand lashkari dalache vighatan suru kele. majboot sarvajanik aanee dvidaleey dabavamule sarkarla american sainikanna gharee aananyas aanee sashastr dalancha aakar lavkar qamee karnyas bhag padnyat yash aale. janewari 1946 madhye paradeshatil talanvar lashkari javananni kelele halle aanee kahee dangalidekhil adhyaksh harry ess. soviet yuniyanbaddal vadhati chinta aanee yuddhapoorv varshanchya aliptatemadhye united states mage hatoo shakanar nahee yachee vadhati manyata asoonahi trumanne hii prakriya suru thewali. mothya lashkari dalachi jaaga mhanoon prashikshit rakheev nidhi puravanyasathi saktichi bharati suru thevanyache united states congressmadhil prayatna ayashasvi jhaale aanee 1947 madhye, dusya mahayuddhachya kayadyacha masuda sampushtat aala.
1950chya unhalyaparyant, amerikechya sashastr dalat 15 lakhanpeksha qamee karmchari sakriy kartvyavar hote, jeey 1945 madheel 1 kotee 20 lakhanchya uchchanki patalivarun qamee jhaale. tathapi, pudhchya varshi uttar koreane dakshin koriyavar kelelya aakramanala uttar koriyachya yu. ess. chya aakarachya pratisadat.ess. sainya punha vadhat hote, duppat houn 32 lakhanhun adhik karmchari hote. 1953 madhye 36 lakhanchya uchchanki patalivar pohochalelya yuu. ess. madheel sakriy kartvyavar asalelya karmchanyanchi ekoon sankhya.ess. shityuddhachya 40 varshanhun adhik kalat sainya punha kadhihi 20 lakhanpeksha qamee padale nahee. berlinchi bhint kosalalyanantar aanee soviet union kosalalyanantar, 1999 paryant sakriy-kartavya dalacha aakar 14 lakhanpeksha qamee karmchanyanparyant khalee aala hota. 28 februwari 2009 paryant, yuu. ess. madhye ekoon 1,398,378 purush aanee mahila sakriy kartvyavar aahet.ess. sashastr seena.
yuu chaa aakar.ess. visavya shatkachya uttaradhat, shantatechya kalat abhootpurv, sainyane kahee vartulanmadhye chinta nirman kelee, pramukhyane lokshahi samajat itaki mothee shakti tikavoon thevanyachya sambhavya parinamambaddal. kahinni aapatticha andaj vartavala aanee american samajachya vadhatya lashkarikaranashi sambandhit hote. yaa lekhakanna khatri hotee qee, eka spasht lashkari sanskruti hii bigger-lashkari udarmatvadi samajasathi swabhavikpane dhokadayak aahe. itaranni assa ishara deela qee lashkari aasthapanechya varchasvamule american pararashtra dhoranat moolbhut badal hoil aanee deshache bauddhik swaroop kamkuvat hoil. tathapi, bahutek yuktivad qamee sarvanashkari hote aanee done marganvar todga kadhala gela. donhi ganee anukrame samuel pii. yanni thalakpane dakhavali aahet. huntingtoncha 'sainik aanee rajya' aanee mauris janovitzcha 'vyavsayik sainik'.
haah vaad pramukhyane nagri aanee lashkari jagatatil sambandhanchya swarupavar kendrit hota. done bhinn jug aahet aanee teey ekmekanpeksha moolbhootpane vegale aahet yavar vyapak sahmati hotee. udarmatvadi lokshahila dhoka naan pohochavata donhi ekatra kase rahoo shaktil yachee khatri kashee karavi yavar yuktivad hota.
sansthatmak siddhant.
1957 madhye 'daad solzer andd daad steet' yaa nagri-lashkari sambandhanvaril tyanchya mool pustakat, samuel pii. huntingtonne donhi jaganmadhil farkanche varnan lashkari karmchanyanchya, mukhytah puranmatvadi aanee nagarikanchya, mukhytah udarmatvadi lokanchya manovruttinmadhil aanee mulyanmadhil farak asey kele. pratyek jagaat swatache karyakari niyam aanee nikash asaleli eka swatantra sanstha hotee. shivay, lashkarache karya nagri jagapeksha swabhavikpane vegale hote. anek babatint udarmatvadi nasalele adhik puranmatvadi lashkari jug pahata, udarmatvadi nagri jug lashkari jagavar aapale varchasva rakhu shakel yachee khatri karanyachi paddhat shodhane aavashyak hote. huntintonche yaa samasyeche uttar hote "lashkari vyavsayikta."
huntintonne aaplya abhyasache laksh adhikari dalavar kendrit kele. tyanni pratham vyavasayachi vyakhya kelee aanee spasht kele qee, nishchitpane lashkari jagacha bhag asale taree, nondanikrut karmchari, katekorpane sangayache tarr, vyavsayik nasatat. tyane tyanna vyapari kinwa kushal karagiranchya bhoomikesathi khalee utaravale, tyanchya sandnyemadhye aavashyak parantu vyavsayikanchya bhoomikesathi nahee. heey vyavsayik lashkari adhikari hote, hinsacharachya vyaparache soochibaddha tantradnya navhate, kinwa agadi 1950 chya dashakachya madhyat astitvat asalele ardhvel kinwa haushi rakheev adhikari (vyapak sakriy kartavya anubhav, vyavsayik lashkari shikshan aanee aakhati yuddhanantarchya kalat sakriy ladhau anubhav asalelya rakheev adhikaanyaanche vaishishtya asalelya jawalpasachya 'anshakalik' niyamit 'sthitichya viruddha), jeey lashkari jagavar niyantran thevanyachi gurukilli asateel.
lashkari dalala vyavsayik banvine, kinwa kiman lashkari jagatatil nirnay ghenare adhikari dall, shist, rachana, suvyavastha aanee aatmabalidani yasarkhya tyaa sansthechya upayukt pailoonvar bharr dete. heey dalala eka vishesh kshetrat vegale karate jyamadhye lashkari vyavsayikanna balacha vapar karnyat tadnya mhanoon manyata dilee jaeel. nagri jagachya hastakshepachya adheen nasalelya manyataprapt tadnya mhanoon, lashkarache adhikari swechhene nagri pradhikaranasamor aatmasamarpan kartil. huntingtonchya shabdat, asha vyavasthene "rajkiyadrushtya tatasth, swayatt aanee vyavsayik adhikari dalavar laksh kendrit kele."
nagri pradhikaranane niyantran rakhanyasathi, lashkari jagachya visheshadhikaranche anavashyak ullanghan naan karata aanee asha prakare pratikarala uttejan naan deta lashkarala nirdeshit karnyacha marg asane aavashyak hote. nagri netrutva konatyahi lashkari karvaiche uddisht tharvat asey, parantu nantar teey uddisht sadhya karnyacha sarvottam marg tharvane heey lashkari jagavar sodat asey. tyamule nagri pradhikaranasamoril samasya mhanje, yogya pramanat niyantran tharvane. lashkaravar jaast niyantran thevalyane deshache rakshan karnyasathi eka sainya khoop kamkuvat houu shakate, parinami yuddhbhumivar apayash yeu shakate. khoop qamee niyantranamule sattapalatachi shakyata nirman hoil, mhanje.eae., sarkarche apayash.
niyantran duvidhache huntingtonche uttar hote "vastunishtha nagri niyantran."heey" vyaktinishth niyantranachya "viruddha hote, jyaa dishene adhik ghuskhori aanee tapshilvar asel. sopya shabdat sangayache tarr, jitke adhik "vastunishtha nagri niyantran", titke adhik lashkari suraksha. tyamule nagri niyantran heey lashkari parinamkaraktechya tyanantarchya aashrit chalasathi swatantra chull aahe.
lashkari parinamkaraktesathi nagri niyantran heey mahattvapoorn badal asalyas, nagri niyantran kase nishchit kele jaeel haah prashna upasthit hoto. huntintonne nagri niyantranasathi done aakar denanya shakti kinwa anivaryata olakhalya-(1) karyatmak aanee (2) samajik. tyanni samajik anivaryata vichardhara aanee rachana yaa done ghatakanmadhye vibhagali. vichardharenusar, tyancha arth jaagtik drushtikon kinwa pratiman assa hotah udarmatvadi sainyavirodhi, puranmatvadi sainya samarthak, facist sainya samarthak aanee marksvadi sainya virodhi. sanrachanenusar, tyancha arth kayadeshir-ghatanatmak chaukat assa hota, jee samanyatah rajkiy vyavharanna aanee visheshtah nagri-lashkari vyavharanna margadarshan karate.
huntinton aanee nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya prarambhik abhyasanusar, asey manale jaate qee prabhavi nagri-lashkari sambandh heey tyanchya sashastr dalanvar vastunishtha nagri niyantranachya swarupat asale pahijet. heey niyantran khaleel ghatkandware soochit kele jaate; (1) lashkarane vyavsayik naitikatecha sweekar karane aanee vyavsayik bhoomikanchya simanchi tyanchi manyata, (2) pararashtra aanee lashkari dhorananvar dhoranatmak nirdesh tayar karananya nagri rajkiy netrutvachya sainyachya prabhavi adhinata, (3) rajkiy netyankadun vyavsayik adhikanyanna manyata aanee manyata aanee lashkarachi svayatta aanee (4) rajkaranat lashkaracha aanee lashkari babinmadhye rajkarnyancha kiman hastakshep.
jarr huntingtonchi anivaryata hii swatantra chull aahet, tarr nagri niyantranache chull, tyaa badalyat, lashkari surakshesathi eka spashtikaranatmak chull banate. tathapi, huntington mhanatat qee samajik anivaryata, vichardhara aanee rachana donhi, kiman american babatit, aparivartaniy aahet. jarr tase asel tarr nagri niyantranatil badal aanee tyanantar lashkari surakshesathi karyatmak anivaryata purnapane spashtikaranatmak aahe. thodakyat, jarr bahya dhoke qamee asateel tarr udarmatvadi vichardhara "nasht karate" kinwa lashkari shaktincha naash karate. jarr bahya dhoke jaast asateel tarr udarmatvadi vicharsaranicha 'parivartan' parinam hoto joou udarmatvadanusar lashkar punha tayar karel, parantu asha swarupat qee teey aapali 'vaishishtyapurn lashkari vaishishtye' gamavatil."sankraman heey yuddh ladhane yasarkhya alp kalavadhisathi karya karel, parantu kalantarane lashkari surakshechi hummy denar nahee. kiman shityuddhachya aarambhaparyant, heey american lashkarikaran aanee vighatan paddhatiche changle spashtikaran dete asey disate.
soviet sanghachya udayamule dirghakalin dhoka nirman jhaala aahe heey samajoon gheuun, huntingtonne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee united statescha udarmatvadi samaj dirghkal suraksha sunishchit karnyasathi pureshi lashkari daley tayar karnyat ayashasvi tharel. pureshi lashkari suraksha milel ashee ekmev paristhiti jyacha too andaj lavu shakat hota tee mhanje americene samajik anivaryata badalane. "lashkari surakshechya maganya aanee american udarmatvadachya mulyanmadhil tanav dirghkalasathi keval surakshecha dhoka kamkuvat jhalyamule kinwa udarmatvad kamkuvat jhalyamulech door houu shakato."dusya shabdant, soviet unionsarkhya dirghakalin dhokyachya parshvabhumivar, americene pureshi suraksha puravanyacha ekmev marg mhanje american samaj adhik puranmatvadi banane.
(1) lashkari aanee rajkiy netyanmadhye pradhanyacha farak aahe qee nahee aanee (2) satteche asantulan aahe qee nahee yavar nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya aarogyacha sarvottam nirnay ghetala jaato, assa yuktivad risha brooks karatat. jevha lashkari aanee rajkiy netyanmadhil pradhanye qamee asatat aanee rajkiy netyanna sattecha motha fayda asato, tevha nagri-lashkari sambandhanchi sarvat aarogyadayi vyavastha hote, assa tyancha yuktivad aahe. jevha uchch pradhanyacha farak asato, tasech lashkari aanee rajkiy netyanmadhye sattecha samtol asato, tevha nagri-lashkari sambandh sarvat white prakarche asatat, assa tyancha yuktivad aahe.
danne slaterchya matey, lucan aaa. weey, jeane lachapel aanee aadam eae. udaharanarth, hukumshahi rajyanmadhil lashkari varchasvatil badal heey jyaa swarupat lashkar sthapan jhaale tyaa swarupadware spasht kele jaau shakatatah "jethe hukumshahi janpakshanni survatipasun sainya tayar kele, sashastr dall samanyatah adheen rahile aahet. jethe lashkar hukumshaha pakshanpasun vegale udayas aale, tethe tyanna lashkari varchasva prapt karnyasathi aanee rakhanyasathi aavashyak svayatta labhali. mukhya dhada sopa aaheh joparyant eka nirankush rajvatine sainya tayar kele nahee, toparyant teey sainya niyantrit karnyasathi sangharsh karel."
abhisaran siddhant.
nagri-lashkari saiddhantik vadavivadatil dusra pramukh dhaga 1960 madhye mauris janovitz yanni 'vyavsayik sainik' madhye tayar keela hota. jannovitz huntintonshee sahmat hote qee swatantra lashkari aanee nagri jug astitvat hote, parantu udarmatvadi lokshahila dhoka talhanyasathi aadarsh upay karnyababat teey tyachya purvavartinpeksha vegale hote. lashkari jug, jase tyanni pahile, teey moolbhootpane puranmatvadi asalyane, teey badalala virodh karel aanee jagatil badalanshi adhik khulya aanee asanrachit nagri samajapramane vegane julavun ghenar nahee. asha prakare, jannowitzchya matey, huntintonne jyachya virodhat yuktivad keela tyacha-bahereel hastakshepacha-lashkarala fayda hoil.
jannovitz yanni abhisaran siddhant sadar keela, assa yuktivad keela qee sainyane, badalacha atyant mand veg asoonahi, bahya dabavavinahi pratyakshat badalat aahe. abhisaran siddhantane ektar sainyache nagarikaran kinwa samajache lashkarikaran asey gruheet dharale, tathapi, heey abhisaran asoonahi, janovitz yanni aagrah dharala qee lashkari jug nagarikanpasun kahee aavashyak farak kayam thewel aanee teey olakhanyayogya lashkari swarupache raheel.
nagri aanee lashkari jagatatil moolbhut farkanmule sangharsh vikasit hotil jyamule sainyachya nagri niyantranache uddisht qamee hoil, asey jannovitz huntintonshee sahmat jhaale. tyache uttar asey hote qee, ektrikaran hoil, tyamule lashkari jug jyaa samajane teey nirman kele aahe, tyachya nikashanni aanee apekshanni paripoorn hoil yachee khatri karane. tyanni saktichya bharatichya vaparala protsahan dile, jyamule vividh prakarchya vyakti lashkarat yeteel. lashkari sevanmadhye adhikadhyanchya prakaravar, visheshtah varishtha general officer aanee flagg officerchya netrutvachya padanvar lashkari akadaminchi maktedari nasavi heey sunishchit karnyasathi mahavidhyalaye aanee vidyapithanmadhye adhik rakheev adhikari prashikshan dall (aar. oo. tii. see.) karyakramanchya vaparas tyanni protsahan dile. tyanni visheshtah adhik uchchabhru vidyapithanmadhye aar. oo. tii. see. karyakramanchya vikasala protsahan dile, jenekarun samajachya vyapak prabhavanche pratinidhitva adhikari daladware kele jaeel. lashkari sanskratit asey samajik prabhav jitke jaast asateel titke donhi jaganmadhil manovruttitil farak qamee hotil aanee nagarikanche lashkaravar niyantran thevanyachi shakyata titakich jaast asel. huntingtonpramanech, jannowitzcha assa vishvas hota qee nagri aanee lashkari jug ekmekanpeksha vegale aahet; huntingtonne farak niyantrit karnyasathi eka siddhant vikasit keela, tarr jannovitzne farak qamee karnyasathi eka siddhant vikasit keela.
karyatmak anivaryata yaa vishayavar huntingtonchya bhoomikes pratisad mhanoon, janovitz yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee naveen anuyugat, united statesla dhoranatmak pratibandh aanee maryadit yuddhanmadhye sahbhagi honyachi kshamata donhi pradan karnyas saksham vhave lagel. asha prakarchya shasanala, amerikechya itihasat naveen, eka naveen lashkari swa-sankalpanechi, constabulary sankalpanechi aavashyakta hotih "lashkari aasthapana jevha krutee karnyasathi satat tayar asate, balacha kiman vapar karnyas vachanbaddha asate aanee vijayapeksha vyavharya aantarrashtriy sambandh shodhate tevha tee constabulary force banate..."lashkari aasthapanechya yaa naveen sankalpaneantargat, yuddh aanee shantata yanchyatil farak kadhane adhik katheen aahe. lashkarane, aapatkalin paristhitit bolavinari agnishaman company mhanoon swatahla pahanyaivaji, nantar sthanik patalivar navhe tarr aantarrashtriy staravar taree, swatahla police dalachya bhoomiket pahane aavashyak aahe. lashkari uchchabhru lokanshi jawalun sanvad sadhane hii nagri uchchabhru lokanchi bhoomika asel, jenekarun vyavsayik lashkari shikshanacha naveen aanee uchch darja sunishchit hoil, jyamule lashkari vyavsayik nagri samajachya aadarshanshi aanee nikashanshi adhik jawalun julavun ghetil.
sansthatmak/vyavsayik gruhitak.
charles moscosne lashkari sanghatana aanee lashkari badalachya tulanatmak aitihasik abhyasala protsahan denyache sadhan mhanoon sansthatmak/vyavsayik (aay/oo) gruhitak vikasit kele. heey gruhitak uttar-aadhunik lashkari modelmadhye vikasit jhaale, jyamule shityuddha sampalyanantar nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya margacha andaj lavnyas madat jhaali. aay/oo gruhitkane assa yuktivad keela qee sainya sansthatmak pratimasamorun adhik vyavsayik swarupachya pratimasamor jaat aahe. eka sansthatmak model lashkarala nagri samajapasun atyant bhinn sanstha mhanoon sadar karate, tarr eka vyavsayik model lashkarala nagri sanrachananshi adhik susangat sadar karate. moscone asey suchavale nahee qee sainya kadhihi "purnapane vegale kinwa nagri samajashi purnapane susangat" hote, parantu pramananchya vaparamule sashastr dall aanee samaj yanchyatil badalatya parasparsanvadavar adhik changlya prakare prakash taknyas madat jhaali.
agency siddhant.
vietnam yuddhane nagri-lashkari sambandhambaddal khol yuktivad suru kele jeey aajahi shaktishali prabhav padat aahet. eka lashkari vartulatil vadavar kendrit hote qee lashkari babinmadhye anavashyak nagri hastakshepamule america yuddhat harali. assa yuktivad keela gela qee nagri netrutva lashkari balacha vapar kassa karava heey samajoon ghenyat ayashasvi tharale aanee vijay prapt karnyasathi balacha vapar ayogya prakare pratibandhit keela. yaa yuddhache gambhirpane vishleshan karananya pratham vyaktinpaiki harry summer haah hota, jyane clousewitzcha saiddhantik aadhar mhanoon vapar keela. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee vietnam yuddhat parabhav honyache mukhya kaaran mhanje rajkiy netrutvala dhyey samajoon ghenyat apayash, jeey vijay hote. yuddhbhumivar nehmich yashasvi tharalelya lashkarala akheris vijay midavata aala nahee kaaran tyacha gairavapar aanee gairsamaj jhaala hota. unhalyanni assa yuktivad keela qee yuddhachya aacharanane closewitzne varnan kelyapramane anek shastriy tattvanche ullanghan kele, jyamule apayashat yogdan dile. tyanni aapale vishleshan 'eka utkrusht dhoranatmak dhada' gheuun sampavaleh qee lashkarane 'shastrastranchya vyavasayache malak' banale pahije, asha prakare lashkari vyavsayikta balkat karnyasathi huntintonchya yuktivadachya dhartivar eka kalpana balkat hote.
etch.aar. mcmasterne asey nirikshan nondavale qee aakhati yuddhatil adhikanyanna rashtriy dhoranala vastavik ladhaishi jodane vhietanamchya kalatil tulanet sope hote. tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee vhietanamache yuddh pratyakshat washington, dii.see.konatihi ladhai honyapurvi, samasyanvar puresha pramanat yuktivad karnyat sahbhagi asalelya nagri aanee lashkari karyakartyanchya moolbhut apayshamule. sanrakshn dhoran aanee krutimbaddal nagrik aanee lashkar yanchyat adhik thet vadavivad karnyache aavahan karananya mcmasterne aanee nagrik aanee lashkar yanchyat spasht vegalepanacha yuktivad karananya unhalyatil doghannihi nagri aanee lashkari netyanchya yogya bhoomikanvaril vivadankade laksh vedhale.
teey vivad aanee vietnam yuddhatoon shikalele spasht dhade asoonahi, kahee siddhantkaranni huntintonchya siddhantatil eka mahattvapoorn samasya olakhali, kaaran tee swatantra, arajnaitik vyavsayik sainyachya kalpanevar prashnachinh upasthit karate. jaree nagri aanee lashkari jug vegale aahe assa yuktivad farsa nasla taree doghanmadhil yogya parasparsanvadabaddal lakshaniy vaad aahe. varr charcha kelyapramane, huntingtonne prastavit kele qee aadarsh vyavastha ashee aahe qee jyamadhye nagri rajkiy netyanni lashkari netrutvala vastunishtha niyantran dile aanee nantar hinsacharatil tadnyanna sarvat prabhavi kaay karave heey parvanagi denyasathi mage hutley. tyanni pudhe sangitale qee sarvat dhokadayak vyavastha ashee hotee qee jyat nagri netyanni lashkari jagaat mothya pramanat ghuskhori kelee, jyamule ashee paristhiti nirman jhaali qee lashkari netrutva rajkiyadrushtya tatasth navhate aanee asha prakare deshachya surakshela akaryaksham sainyane aanee lashkarala aadesh ghene talhanyas pravrutt karoon dhoka nirman jhaala.
tathapi, vadatitpane, aanee huntintonne anyatha aagrah keela asala taree, yuu.ess. nagri netrutva keval vietnam yuddhadarmyanach navhe tarr shityuddhachya bahutansh kalatahi sainyavar niyantran thevanyasathi ghuskhori karat hote. tyaa kalat, lashkari abhijat varg sanrakshn arthsankalp aanee vyavasthapanachya rajkaranat mothya pramanat sahbhagi hota aanee tarihi shityuddhatun united states yashasviritya baher padnyat yashasvi jhaala hota. asey asoonahi, huntintonche yapeksha bhayanak andaj kharey siddha jhaale navhate.
yaa spasht 'kode' chya pratisadat, pieter dii. favourne nagri-lashkari sambandhancha agency siddhant mandala, joou huntintonchya sansthatmak siddhantachi jaaga gheil assa tyancha yuktivad hota. tarkvadi drushtikon swikarat, tyanni sookshm arthshastratun tayar kelelya mukhya-agent chaukaticha vapar keela, jyayoge varishtha padavaril kalakar adhinastha bhoomiketil lokanvar kassa prabhav taktat heey shodhale gele. adhinsthanchya krutee spasht karnyasathi tyane 'kaam karane' aanee 'shirk karane' yaa sankalpanancha vapar keela. tyachya rachnet, dhoran prasthapit karanyachi jababdari asalele nagri netrutva heey pramukh asate. agent mhanje sainya jeey kaam karel-niyukt karya paar padel-kinwa shirk-mukhyadhyapakachya ichcha talhel aanee lashkarachya swatachya hitsambandhanna chalana denanya krutee paar padel. sarvat white sthiteet sankoch karane heey aadnyabhang asoo shakate, parantu favourmadhye 'paay odhane' aanee prasarmadhyamandhye galatee yasarkhya goshtincha samavesh hoto.
mukhyadhyapakanna jeey karayache aahe teey agent karat aahe yachee khatri kashee karayachi hii mukhyadhyapakanchi samasya aahe. agencycha siddhant assa andaj vartavato qee jarr agentver dekhrekh thevanyacha kharch qamee asel tarr mukhyadhikari niyantranachya ghuskhorichya paddhati vapartil. ghuskhorichya paddhatinmadhye, karyakari shakhesathi, tapasani, ahwal, lashkari yojananche punaravalokan aanee arthsankalpache tapshilvar niyantran yasarkhya goshtincha samavesh hoto aanee kongresasathi, samitee dekhrekh sunavani aanee niyamit ahavalanchi aavashyakta asate. lashkari agentsathi, jarr nagri mukhyadhyapkala shirkchi shakyata jaast asel kinwa shiksha honyachi kimmat khoop jaast asel tarr shirkchi shakyata qamee asate.
favourne assa yuktivad keela qee tyacha siddhant itar siddhant kinwa modelspeksha vegala hota, kaaran too nivval anumanatmak hota, upakhyanatmak puravyanaivaji lokshahi siddhantavar aadharit hota aanee nagri aanee lashkari netrutvachya dainandin nirnayanche aanee krutinche adhik changle vishleshan saksham karat hota. huntingtoncha sansthatmak drushtikon aanee jannowitzcha samajshastriy drushtikon yanchya chhedanbinduvar teey karyarat hote. huntingtonne nagri netrutva aanee lashkari kwa sanstha yanchyatil sambandhanvar laksh kendrit kele tarr jannovitzne american samajashi lashkari kwa vyaktinchya sambandhanvar laksh kendrit kele. agencychya siddhantane doghanmadhil duva pradan keela jyamule nagri-lashkari sambandh dainandin aadharavar kase karya karatat yache spashtikaran shakya jhaale. visheshtah, agencycha siddhant assa andaj lavto qee nagri netrutvane ghuskhorichya dekharekhichya vyavasthecha aanee sainyachya zatapaticha parinam nagri-lashkari sangharshachya sarvoch staravar hoil. favour yanni suchavale qee shityuddhanantarchya ghadamodinni dekharekhicha kharch itka kholvar qamee keela aahe aanee shikshechi apekshit apeksha qamee kelee aahe qee nagrik lashkarala kaay karnyas sangatat aanee lashkar kaay karnyas pradhanya dete yamadhil antar abhootpurv pataliparyant vadhale aahe.
samanvay siddhant.
bahutek nagri-lashkari siddhant asey gruheet dharato qee nagri aanee lashkari jug heey sharirik aanee vaicharikdrushtya vegale asane aavashyak aahe, heey nirikshan kelyanantar, punha ekada. skiffney paryay mhanoon eka naveen siddhant-samanvay-sadar keela. nagri-lashkari sambandh (see. emm. aar.) siddhantatil eka pramukh prashna nehmich deshachya deshantargat rajkaranat sainya konatya paristhitit hastakshep karel heey tharvane haah rahila aahe. bahutansh vidwan nagri aanee lashkari sansthanchya pruthakkaranavar laksh kendrit karananya lashkarachya (huntinton) vastunishtha nagri niyantranachya siddhantashi sahmat aahet. assa drushtikon laksh kendrit karato aanee yuu varr mothya pramanat avalambun asato.ess. sansthatmak drushtikonatun, aanee visheshtah shityuddhachya kalat. shif sansthatmak aanee sanskrutik asha donhi drushtikonatun eka paryayi siddhant pradan karato, joou yuu spasht karato.ess. tasech anek gair-yuu.ess. nagri-lashkari sambandh prakaran abhyas.
susanvad siddhant nagri aanee lashkari jagamadhil vegalepanala pratibandh karat nasla taree, asha rajyache astitva asane aavashyak nahee. tee assa yuktivad karate qee teen samajik sanstha-(1) sainya, (2) rajkiy uchchabhru aanee (3) nagarikanni chaar prathamik nirdeshkanvar sahkari vyavastha aanee kahee karar karnyache uddisht thewale pahijeh
chaar nirdeshkanchya sandarbhat teen bhagidaranmadhye karar jhalyas deshantargat lashkari hastakshep honyachi shakyata qamee asate. daad miiliitary andd domestic politics' yaa tyanchya pustakat, tyanni aapala siddhant sahaa aantarrashtriy aitihasik prakarananchya abhyasat lagoo kelah yuu.ess., dusya mahayuddhanantarcha kaal; american krantinantarcha kaal (1790-1800); israyal (1980-90); argentine (1945-55); bharat swatantryanantar aanee 1980 chey dashak; pakistan (1958-69).
udayonmukh lokshahit samanvay siddhant lagoo keela gela aahe, jyanna sattapalaticha adhik tatkal dhoka aahe.
nagri-lashkari sambandhanche itar mudde.
udarmatvadi siddhant aanee american sansthapak pita.
nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya kendrasthani nagri sarkar swatachya sanrakshanasathi tayar kelelya lashkari sansthepasun kase niyantrit karoo shakate aanee surakshit rahoo shakate hii samasya aahe. jeey sainya dall tyala vicharale jaate teey karnyasathi purese balkat aahe, tyane dekhil niyantran karananya sarkarla dhoka nirman karoo naye. yamule virodhabhas nirman hoto qee, "aapan itaranna ghabarato mhanoon aapan aaplya sanrakshanasathi hinsacharachi sanstha tayar karato, parantu nantar aapan sanrakshanasathi nirman kelelya sansthela ghabarato".
amerikechya bahutansh itihasat yaa samasyevarcha upay mhanje, rashtriy rakshak dall aanee svayamsevakancha samavesh karnyasathi, sainyadalanchya (aadhunik kalatil rakheev dalancha purvavarti) vadhivar avalambun rahoon, aapale ubhe sainya lahan thevane. yuddhakalat sashastr sainya tayar kele jaat asatana, dusya mahayuddhaparyant aanee tyasah pratyek yuddhanantarcha namuna mhanje twarit vighatan karane aanee yuddhapoorv patalichya jawal jaananya sainyakade parat jaane. tathapi, 1950 chya dashakat shityuddhachya aagamanane, shantatechya kalat mothya pramanat lashkari dall tayar karanyachi aanee rakhanyachi garaj yamule lashkarivadachi aanee itakya mothya shakticha americetil nagri-lashkari sambandhanvar kassa parinam hoil yabaddal naveen chinta nirman jhaali. amerikechya itihasat prathamach nagri-lashkari sambandhanchi samasya shantatechya kalat hatalavi lagel.
amerikechi rajyaghatna lihinare lock mothya sainyala, jyachyakade khoop jaast shakti hotee asha vidhimandalanna aanee kadachit sarvat mahattvache mhanje, eka shaktishali karyakari mandal jeey swatachya adhikaravar yuddh karoo shakel, ashee bheeti balgat hote. udarmatvadi lokshahi aanee mukt nagarikatvasathi nirman jhalelya dhokyanmule heey serve chinteche vishay hote. jaree 'framerscha hetu achookpane mojane' anekada ashakya asale taree nagri aanee lashkari adhikaranmadhil yogya sambandhanchya sandarbhat lekhakanchi prerana aanee chinta samajoon ghene mahattvache aahe. karyakari shakha aanee vidhimandal aanee lashkari pradhikaranadvare pratinidhitva kelyapramane nagri pradhikaran aanee lashkari pradhikaran yanchyatil sambandh tyanna kase samajale yabaddal "sangharajyavadi kagadpatre" eka upayukt drushtikon pradan karatat.
federalist kra. 8, alekzandar hamiltonla chinta hotee qee mothe sainya ubhe thevane heey eka dhokadayak aanee mahagade kaam asel. prastavit rajyaghatanechya pushtisathichya aaplya mukhya yuktivadat tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee keval eka majboot sangharajya rakhalyanech naveen desh ashee adchan talhu shakato. europeey anubhav nakaratmak udaharan mhanoon aanee british anubhav sakaratmak mhanoon vaparoon, tyanni sthayi sainyachi aavashyakta nasalelya naudalane sanrakshit kelelya majboot rashtrachi kalpana sadar kelee. yacha arth assa hota qee mothya lashkari dalache niyantran karane, sarvottam, katheen aanee mahag asate aanee sarvat white velee yuddh aanee vibhaganila aamantran dete. lashkarala door thevana nagri sarkarachi garaj tyanni purvavat kelee.
anek 'sangharajyavadi kagadpatranche' aanakhi eka lekhak james maddison yanni juuna 1787 madhye jhalelya ghatanatmak adhiveshanapurvichya tippanyanmadhye, ubhe sainya asalyabaddal chinta vyakt keleeh
pratyaksh yuddhachya velee, karyakari dandadhikari yanna satat mothe vivekadhin adhikar dile jaatat. yuddhachi satat bheeti vatane, sharirasathi doke khoop mothe karanyachi teech pravrutti asate. atiuddeshiy karyakari asalele eka sthayi lashkari dall, swatantryasathi phaar kaal surakshit sathidar rahnar nahee. paradeshi dhokyapasun bachav karnyache sadhan, nehmich gharguti atyacharachi sadhane rahili aahet. jevha jevha bund hote tevha yuddhala uttejan dene hii roman lokanmadhye eka sthayi ukti hotee. sampoorn europemadhye, sainyane bachav karnyachya bahanyane lokanna gulam banavale aahe.
amerikechya rajyaghatanene vidhimandalavar lakshaniy maryada ghatalya. sarkarmadhil vidhimandalachya shreshthatechya paramparetoon aalelya anekanna chinta hotee qee prastavit sanvidhan vidhimandalavar itakya maryada ghalel qee asha sansthesathi karyakari mandalala yuddh suru karnyapasoon rokhane ashakya hoil. hamiltonne sangharajyavadi kra. 26 qee vidhimandalane itar konatyahi sansthedvare nirvighan rahane titkech white tharel aanee nirbandhanmule swatantrya tikoon rahanyachi shakyata adhik asel. james maddison, federalist kra. 47, hamiltoncha yuktivad chaloo rahila qee sarkarchya vividh shakhanmadhye adhikaranche vitaran kelyane konatyahi eka gatala itaki satta midvanyapasun rokhata yeil qee too upalabdh honar nahee. federalist kra. 48 matra, maddisonne assa ishara deela qee jaree adhikaranche vibhajan mahattvache asale taree itaranvar niyantran thevanyachi kshamata nasavi, yasathi vibhag itake vegale kele jaau nayet.
shevati, sangharajyavadi kra. 51, maddisonne assa yuktivad keela qee yogya sarkar sunishchit karnyasathi pramukhyane adhikaryanchya changlya swabhavavar avalambun asalele sarkar tayar karane murkhpanache aahe. aksham kinwa dusht netyanna rokhanyasathi sanstha asayala havya. sarvat mahattvache mhanje, sarkarchya konatyahi eka shakheche prashasanachya konatyahi eka pailuvar niyantran nasave. asha prakare, sarkarchya tinhi shakhanche lashkaravar kahee niyantran asane aavashyak aahe aanee itar shakhanmadhye rakhali jaanari niyantran aanee santulan pranali lashkaravar niyantran thevanyas madat karel.
hamilton aanee maddison yanna asha prakare done pramukh chinta hotyah (1) mothya sainyadalachya swatantryavar aanee lokshahivar honara hanikarak parinam aanee (2) aniyantrit vidhimandal kinwa karyakari dalachi deshala twarit yuddhat nenyachi kshamata. yaa chintanmule deshachya astitvachya pahilya deed shatkat american lashkari dhoranala chalana midali. 1950chya dashkaparyant, americene mothya lashkari dalachi dekhbhal karane hii eka apavadatmak paristhiti hotee aanee tee yuddhachya kalapurati maryadit hotee. dusya mahayuddhaparyantchya aanee tyasah pratyek yuddhanantar, sainya twarit vighatit karnyat aale aanee yuddhapoorv pataliparyant qamee karnyat aale.
nagri-lashkari sanskruti antar prabandh.
nagri-lashkari sambandhanmadhil bahutansh vadavivadanmadhye asey gruheet dharale gele qee nagri aanee lashkari jagamadhil vegalepana apariharya aanee bahudha aavashyak aahe. done jaganmadhil antar niyantrit karayache qee nahee (huntington) kinwa kahee dhorane (janovitz) lagoo karoon antar qamee karayache yavar yuktivad hota. tathapi, 1989 madhye shityuddha sampalyanantar, nagri aanee lashkari sanskratinmadhil spasht darichya swarupavar aanee adhik visheshtah, tee daree asha pramanat pohochali hotee qee nahee yavar laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat jhaali, jyamule nagri niyantranala dhoka nirman jhaala. adhik udarmatvadi nagri samaj aanee puranmatvadi lashkari samaj yanchyatil sanskrutik farkanvar aanee asey matbhed mageel varshanpeksha adhik spasht jhaale aahet yaa manyatevar yaa charchecha eka bhag aadharit hota.
alfried wagsney german/prussian lashkari anubhavavar laksh kendrit karoon aitihasik drushtikonatun aadhich charcha suru kelee hotee. lashkari dhoranachya tyanchya vyakhyemule teey kadachit sarvat prabhavshali hote, jyache varnan tyanni asha samajachi sthitee asey kele aahe, jeey "lashkari sansthanna aanee nagri jivanatil prachalit drushtikonanpeksha varche sthan dete aanee lashkari mansiktela nagri kshetrat gheuun jaate."lui smith, jyanche kaam huntintonchya purviche hote, tyanni sainyavaril congress aanee nyayik niyantran tasech lashkari babinvar karyakari nagri niyantran yaa muddyanvar charcha kelee. tathapi, hii serve charcha dusya mahayuddhanantarchya yugat american anubhav badalanar aahe yaa samanya manyatechya aadhi jhaali. ekada heey spasht jhaale qee american sainya aitihasikdrushtya uchch patalivaril sakriy-kartavya karmchari rakhanar aahe, nagri aanee lashkari sanskratinmadhil farkambaddalchi chinta lavkarach samore aalee.
pudhil vadavivad samanyatah teen kalkhandanmadhye vibhagala jaau shakato, jyat pratyekavar vegvegale bharr deela jaato. yaa charchecha barachsa bhag lindsay pii. yanni lihilelya eka bindu peparmadhun ghetala aahe. kohan duke vidyapithat padvidhar vidyarthi asatana. nagri-lashkari antaravaril vadavivadache vishleshan sope karnyasathi tiche lekhan mothya pramanavar vaparale gele aahe. dow. kohn aata newport, aar. yetheel united states nevel warr collegemadhye pradhyapkanvar aahe.aay.
pahila kaal, sadharanpane dusya mahayuddhachya samaptipasun suru houn aanee 1973 madhye united statesmadhil lashkari masudyachya samaptisah sampalela, pramukhyane nagri-lashkari sambandhanchi vyakhya karane, vyavsayiktechi sankalpana samajoon ghene aanee nagarikanche pratyakshat sainya kase niyantrit hote heey shikane yanchyashi sambandhit hota. varr charcha kelyapramane, huntington aanee janovitz yanni vadavar varchasva gajavale.
dusra kaal sumare 1973 madhye, saktichya bharaticha shevat aanee serve-svayamsevak dalachya sthapanesah suru jhaala aanee shityuddhachya shevataparyant suru rahila. haah kaal vietnam yuddhache apekshit dhade, svayamsevak dalane sashastr dalanche swaroop kase badalale aanee tyaa badalanmule lashkari aanee nagri samajanmadhil vyapak antar nirman jhaale qaa, yanchyashi sambandhit hota.
shityuddhachya samaptipasun suru jhalelya aanee aajahi suru asalelya tisya kalkhandat nagri-lashkari sanskratitil darichya astitvabaddal vadhati ruchi aanee chinta disun aalee aahe."charcha chaar prashnanvar kendrit aaheh
yaa antaranche swaroop kaay aahe?
nagri aanee lashkari samajanmadhil anumanit sanskrutik darivar kiman 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun vaad suru hota, parantu 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila shityuddhachya samaptinantar tee pramukh jhaali. vachan dilelya "shantata labhansh" mule amerikechya rashtriy suraksha dhoranatil badal aanee sashastr dalanchya mohimechya, rachanechya aanee charitryachya parivartanachya drushtine tyacha arth kaay yavar vadavivad jhaala.
antaravaril vadavivad done sambandhit sankalpanambhovati firalah
kahee lokanni assa yuktivad keela qee done jaganmadhye konatahi farak nahee, parantu kahinna khatri patali qee haah farakach prathamik dhoka aahe. charles mains yanna chinta hotee qee pramukhyane khalchya samajik-aarthik vargatil bharati kelelya karmchanyancha samavesh asalele lashkari dall shevati uchch vargachya uddishtansathi ladhanyas nakar deil. dusarikade, lashkari uchchabhru aanee nagri uchchabhru yanchyatil samanatemule lashkarat dhokadayak rajkiyaran pravrutti nirman jhaali, ashee chinta taar aanee roman yanna hotee. sanskratinmadhil farak itka lahan aahe qee teey aprasangik aahet asey manana chhotya sankhyeche pratinidhitva chivers karat asat.
sanskrutik aanee samparkatil antaranchi karane mothya pramanat badaltat. serve-svayamsevak dalache swa-nivadak swaroop sashastr dalanchya pratinidhitvahin swabhavakade nenare asalyache kahijan manatat, eka yuktivad, jyane naudal pramukhanni pudhe mandala, too assa hota qee sainyachya aakarat ghasaran matbhed vadhavat hotee aanee lashkari aanee nagri samajanmadhil vegalepana sambhavyatah aanakhi vibhajankari banavat hota. samajachya lashkari aanee nagri shakhanmadhye, visheshtah naitik nirnay ghenyachya kshetrat prabhavi sanvad tikavoon thewala jaat nahee, tarr american lashkarala samajacha pathimba gamavanyacha kinwa dhokadayak lashkari bananyacha dhoka aahe, ashee chinta tyanni vyakt kelee. itaranni assa yuktivad keela qee lashkari karmchanyanmadhil vividhatet vaadh jhalyamule samaj aanee lashkar yanchyatil sambandh pratyakshat majboot jhaale aahet, visheshtah vietnam yuddhachya parinamanmule kamkuvat jhalele sambandh. vietnam yuddhache samajik parinam sanskrutik farkanchya kendrasthani rahile, heey bahutansh lokanna patale.
eka adviteey drushtikon, joou vyavasthitpane sanskrutik kinwa sampark-antar shreninpaiki konatyahi eka shreneet yet nahee, too lashkari aanee nagri samajanmadhil sanghatanatmak farkanvar kendrit aahe. samajachya nikashanpeksha pudhe jaanyasathi sainyacha vapar qaa keela gela kinwa qaa keela jaau shakato, heey yaa drushtikonatun spasht hote. haah drushtikon sopya sanskrutik-antar drushtikonachya palikade jaato aanee lashkari samajachya sadasyanchya vartanavar aanee drushtikonanvar adhik khulya nagri samajat shakya nasalelya marganni niyantran thevanyachya kshamatevar bharr deto, jyacha purava lashkarache vargikaran aanee lashkarat mahilancha samavesh yasarkhya ghatananmadhun midato.
antar qaa mahattvache aahe?
shevati, sanskrutik daree keval tevhach mahattvachi tharate jevha tee sainyachya nagri niyantranala dhoka nirman karate kinwa jarr tyamule prabhavi lashkari dall rakhanyachi deshachi kshamata qamee hote. jeey antaranchya swarupavar laksh kendrit karatat, tyanna dhokadayak kalanchi chinta nasate. tathapi, jyanna nagri aanee lashkari jagatatil samajutdarpanachya abhavabaddal chinta aahe tyanna eksamanpane khatri aahe qee americetil nagri-lashkari sambandh aswasth aahet. visheshtah, tyanni asha sainyabaddal chinta vyakt kelee aahe jeey nagri nikash aanee mulyancha ughadpane tiraskar karoo shakate aanee nantar asha samajachya sanrakshanachya mulyavar ughadpane prashna vicharoo shakate. ananubhavi nagri sarkar aprabhavi kinwa ayogya dhorananni lashkarala kamkuvat karel qee nahee, ashee chinta itaranna vatate, jyamule tumhala dhoka nirman hoto.ess. rashtriy suraksha.
hii daree khoop mothee aahe qee nahee yavar yaa vadavivadat samanyatah todga nighala aahe. jarr khoop vyapak asel tarr donhi jaganmadhil gambhir gairsamajanmule sainyavarche nagri niyantran dhokyat yeu shakate. ashee daree apekshit aahe aanee tee swatach dhokadayak nahee yavar bahutansh lock sahmat asale taree, kahijan heey manya karatat qee tyaa darichya pailunmule donhi jaganmadhil gairsamaj thet jhaale aahet. visheshtah, kahinni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee rajkiy puranmatvadachi sanskruti aanee adhikari dalatil pakshapatipanachi vaadh hii dhokadayak maryadechya jawal pohochali aahe. sanskrutik daree ektar khoop vyapak kinwa khoop sankuchit asane shakya aahe yavar jawaljawal serve sahmat aahet, parantu sadhyachya paristhiticha tyaa satatyavar kuthe aadhar aahe yabaddal vyapak matbhed aahet. elizabeth kircha assa yuktivad aahe qee "rachana aanee karya sanskruti nirdharit karat nahee", tarr bahutekjan sahmat aahet qee doghanmadhil farak aavashyak aahe kaaran nagri sanskruti "lashkari parinamkarakteshi susangat navhati."
samasya durust karane.
ekhadi samasya astitvat aahe asey gruheet dharoon, anekanni hii daree qamee karnyasathi aanee tyatoon udbhavananya samasya sudharanyasathi soochana dilya aahet. sarvasadharanpane, tyaa soochana teen marganvar aahet. pahili gosht mhanje lashkarane nagri jagaparyant pohochane aavashyak aahe. nagarikanni lashkaravar niyantran thewale pahije, assa moolbhootpane sarvatrik karar lakshat gheta, nagarikanshi bolanyache marg shodhane heey lashkaravar avalambun asate, ulatya margane nahee. dusare mhanje, nagarikanchya lashkari mohimechya babatit tyanchya apeksha kaay aahet yabaddal spasht drushtikon spasht karane aavashyak aahe. aanee antim soochana ashee aahe qee sanvad aanee samajootdarpana aananyache sarvat vyavharik aanee prabhavi sadhan mhanje, lashkari aanee nagri uchchabhru donhi sanyuktapane vishesh shalanmadhye upasthit rahtil asey, teey dwaipakshik shikshan. asha shaley shikshanat lashkari-dhoranatmak vichar, american itihas aanee rajkiy tattvadnyan, lashkari naitikta aanee nagri aanee lashkari adhikaranmadhil yogya sambandhanvar bharr deela jaeel.
kahincha assa yuktivad aahe qee mool samasya hii aahe qee lashkar swa-nivad kareet aahe, jyamule sanskruti swa-shashvat bunley aahe. masuda punha suru karane aanee european shailitil rashtriy seva dayitva yasarkhe upay suchavanyat aale aahet. parantu konihi dattak ghenyachya dishene konatihi pragati keleli disat nahee.
samkalin samasya.
anek nagri-lashkari sambandhanmadhye adthala aananara eka samanya muddah mhanje jevha nagri rajkiy nete sankraman, sangharsh kinwa hukumshahichya kalavadhinantar kahee pramanat nagri niyantran punha suru karnyacha kinwa midvanyacha prayatna karatat, parantu tyanchyakade sanrakshn vyavhar hatalanyasathi aavashyak kshamata aanee vachanbaddhata nasate. asha sankramananmadhye kaay ghadale pahije teey mhanje jevha kahee santulan sadhanyasathi lashkari vyaktinchi rajkiy padanvarun maghar ghetali jaau lagate, tevha nagri rajkarnyanna dhoran nirmiti hatalayala shikavale pahije aanee sanrakshn kshetravar dekhrekh thewali pahije jenekarun majee lashkari netyanchi karyakshamatene jaaga gheta yeil. matra, gelya kahee varshant anek prayatna karoonahi, sainyavar nagri niyantran anek deshanmadhye adyap sansthatmak jhalele nahee. indoneshiyasarkhya anek deshanmadhye nagri-lashkari sambandhanna bhedasavanari aavhane, lashkari sanskratichya samasya, paraspar samanvay, adhikar, sansadhanancha abhav aanee sansthatmak toot hyanvar kendrit aahet. lashkari yantrana hii rajya kshamata maryadit karat, atulaneey sansthatmak vyapti aanee rajkiy prabhav asaleli sanstha mhanoon chaloo rahoo shakat nahee, kaaran asey kartana nagri varchasvasathi bhoomika ghene nehmich aavhanatmak asel, tyamule prabhavi nagri-lashkari sambandh prasthapit hotil. joparyant deshanche nagri-lashkari sambandh anirdharit simanchya aat, spasht adhinata aanee adhikaranshivay aanee maryadit andajpatrakanchya nirbandhansah sanvad sadhat rahtil, toparyant yaa samasyankade yogya prakare laksh dile gele nahee, tarr ajunahi sangharsh karananya deshanna yaa sankalpaneshi sthir aanee karyaksham nagri-lashkari sambandh sadhya karanyachi shakyata qamee aahe, jeey rajya kshamata aanee sthiratela haanee pohochavat raheel.
afaganistanmadhil nagri-lashkari sambandh.
paradeshi vikas sansthechya sanshodhakanni lihile qee 'vikas aanee punarrachana upkram heey surakshechya kendrasthani aahet assa vishvas'...'pashchimatya sahbhagacha haah eka madhyavarti ghatak aahe' aanee heey 'madat sansthanmadhye atyant vadgrast rahile aahe, kadachit afaganistanpeksha jaast kuthehi nahee.'
tyanchya april 2013 chya peparmadhye khaleel teen pramukh sandeshancha samavesh aahe. -