lashkari chhadmavaran

lashkari chhadmavaran mhanje shatru sainyachya nirikshanapasun karmchari aanee upkarananche sanrakshn karnyasathi sashastr daladware chhadmavaran vaparane. vyavharat, yacha arth vahane, jahaje, vimane, bandukichya jaaga aanee yuddhanauka yasah serve prakarchya lashkari upkarnanvar rung aanee sahitya lavane, ektar teey nirikshanapasun (crypsis) lapavane kinwa teey kahitari vegale (nakkal) mhanoon disane. pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan jevha drushya fasavanukichi sankalpana aadhunik lashkari davpechancha eka aavashyak bhag mhanoon vikasit jhaali tevha french apshabd 'chhadmavaran' haah samanya ingraji vaparat aala. tyaa yuddhat, lamb pallyachya tofkhana aanee havetoon kelele nirikshan ektritpane agnikshetracha vistar karnyasathi aanee lakshya honyacha dhoka qamee karnyasathi kinwa aashcharyachakit karnyasathi chhadmavaran mothya pramanat vaparale gele. tyamule, rajkiy olakh yasarkhya sanskrutik karyanvyatirikt lashkari chhadmavaran haah lashkari fasavanukicha eka prakar aahe.
aahe shatkachya madhyat rayfalchya tukadyandvare sahajpane chhadmavaran karnyacha sarav pahilyanda keela gela. tyanchya kamansathi tyanna aprasiddha asane aavashyak hote aanee tyanna hirwa aanee nantar itar rangeet ganvesh denyat aale. lamb pallyachya aanee adhik achook shastranchya, visheshtah punaravrutti anushastranpasun rayfalchya aagmananantar, serve sainyachya ganveshasathi chhadmavaran sweekarle gele, jahaj aanee vimanansah bahutek prakarchya lashkari upkarnanmadhye tyacha prasar jhaala.
1915 madhye frenchanni lashkari vaparasathi upkarane aanee sthanansathi chhadmavaran mothya pramanat vikasit kele, tyanantar lavkarach pahilya mahayuddhachya itar sainyanni teey kele. donhi mahayuddhanmadhye, kalakaranna chhadmavaran adhikari mhanoon bharati karnyat aale hote. doubleu. doubleu. aay. darmyan thalak chamakdar chhadmavaran yojnandware jahaj chhadmavaran vikasit jhaale, parantu radarchya vikasanantar, jahaj chhadmavaranakade qamee laksh dile gele aahe. visheshtah jaate mahayuddhat, vimananna, anukrame jaminivar aanee aakashat lapavanyasathi, varr aanee khalee vegvegalya yojananni rangavale jaat asey. chhadmavaranachya kahee prakaranmadhye praman aparivartanache ghatak asatat, jeey vegvegalya antarachya rupareshet vyatyay aananyasathi tayar kele jaatat, samanyatah pixelpasoon banavalele digital chhadmavaran namune.
21 vya shatkachya suruvatis adhik pragat sensorschya prasaramule aadhunik bahu-varnakrameey chhadmavaran vikasit jhaale, jeey keval drishyaman prakashapurtech navhe tarr infrared, short-wave infrared, radar, atinil aanee aushnik imagingchya jawalil drushyamantekade dekhil laksh dete. sabne 2005 salapasoon vishesh operations tatactical suut (sotax) mhanoon olakhali jaanari bahu-varnakrameey vaiyaktik chhadmavaran pranali deu kelee.
1915 pasoonach fashion aanee kalamadhye lashkari chhadmavaran namune lokpriy aahet. andy warhole aanee iaan hamilton finale yansarkhya kalakaranchya kamat chhadmavaran namune disun aale aahet, kahivela yuddhavirodhi sandeshasah. fashionmadhye, anek pramukh designersney chhadmavaranachi shaili aanee pratikatmakatecha vapar keela aahe aanee lashkari kapade kinwa tyanchi nakkal rastyavaril poshakh mhanoon aanee rajkiy nishedhache prateek mhanoon vaparali gelee aahe.
tattve.
lashkari chhadmavaran haah lashkari fasavanukichya kalecha eka bhag aahe. lashkari sanrachananchi upasthiti, sthitee aanee hetu yabaddal shatrula fasavane haah lashkari chhadmavesh thevanyacha mukhya uddesh aahe. chhadmavaran tantranmadhye lapavane, bhes aanee dummies yancha samavesh hoto, jeey sainya, vahane aanee sthananvar lagoo kele jaatat.
drushti hii manavanmadhye abhimukhata darshavinari mukhya bhavna aahe aanee manvi dolhyachi fasavanuk karane heey chhadmavaranache prathamik karya aahe. chhadmavaran heey lapvoon (mug teey pratichaya karoon, padada takane rokhoon kinwa rupareshet vyatyay aanoon), nakkal karoon kinwa kadachit chakakoon kaam karate. aadhunik yuddhat, mukhavaril ranganche kahee prakar, udaharanarth mukhavaril rung, infrared sensorspasoon lapvoon thevatat, tarr cadput kapad heey radarpasoon lapvoon thevanyas madat karatat.
tadjod.
chhadmavaranachya yuktya tattvatah amaryad asalya taree, kharch aanee vyavharik vichar yaa donhi paddhati nivadane aanee chhadmavaranasathi samarpit vel aanee prayatna maryadit karatat. rung aanee ganveshane dekhil vahane aanee sainikanna ghatakanpasun sanrakshn dile pahije. unitna tyanchi shastre halavane, golibar karane aanee karyasheel rahnyasathi itar kaame karane aavashyak aahe, jyapaiki kahee chhadmavaranachya virodhat chalatat. chhadmavaran purnapane sodale jaau shakate. jaate mahayuddhachya uttaradhat, yu. ess. aii. eff. neey kahee vimanansathi shatruchya ladhvayyanna hallah karnyasathi aakarshit karnyasathi chhadmavaran rung sodala, tarr shityuddhat, kahee vimananni ashach prakare dhatuchya tvachesah, odh aanee vajan qamee karnyasathi kinwa anushastranpasun anushastranpasun kiranotsargachi asurakshitata qamee karnyasathi uddan kele.
konatyahi eka chhadmavaranacha namuna serve bhubhaganmadhye prabhavi nahee. namunyachi parinamkarakta hii virodhabhas tasech rung tonavar avalambun asate. bahyareshet vyatyay aananare majboot virodhabhas, jethe prakash aanee savalicha khel pramukh aahe asha jangalasarkhya vatavaranasathi adhik yogya aahet, tarr qamee virodhabhas heey qamee chhayankan asalelya khulya bhupradeshasathi adhik yogya aahet. sthanik bhubhagashi julanyasathi banavalele bhupradesh-vishisht chhadmavaran namune, tyaa pradeshat adhik samanya namunyanpeksha adhik prabhavi asoo shakatat. tathapi, prani kinwa nagri shikarichya ulat, lashkari tukadyanna ekach divasat jungle, shetjamini aanee bandhalele kshetra yasarkhya anek bhupradesh prakar paar karave lagoo shakatat. jaree nagrik shikar kapadyanmadhye zadachya saal kinwa pananche jawaljawal chhayachitra-vastavadi chitran asoo shakate (kharey tarr, asey kahee namune chhayachitranvar aadharit aahet), lashkari chhadmavaran vividh vatavaranat kaam karnyasathi tayar kele gele aahe. ganveshanchi kimmat visheshtah lakshaniy asalyane, jaagtik staravar karyarat asalelya bahutek sainyakade done swatantra purn ganvesh aahet, eka jungle/jangalasathi aanee eka valvant aanee itar koradya bhupradeshasathi. serve vatavaranasathi jaagtik chhadmavaran paddhaticha american prayatna (2004 yuu. see. pii.) matra kahee varshanchya sevenantar mage ghenyat aala. mapachya jaate tokavar, shityuddhachya kalat berlinmadhye karyarat asalelya british vahananna lagoo kelelya "berlin camo" sarkhya bhupradeshachya vishisht namunyanchi rachana aahe, jithe yuddhanantarchya berlinchya bahutek thos vastukaleviruddha vahane lapavanyasathi vividh rakhadi rangchhatinchya chauras kshetranchi rachana karnyat aalee hotee.
itar karye.
chhadmavaran namune lapavanyasobatach sanskrutik karye karatat. lapavanyavyatirikt, sainikanna mitra aanee shatrunna vegale sanganyache ganvesh heey prathamik sadhan dekhil aahe. chhadmavaran tadnya aanee utkrantivadi pranishastradnya ell. talas, aar. jeey. baddelly aanee ines kuthil yanni nato aanee warsau kararanchya eksaman namunyanchya malikechya calibrated chhayachitranche vishleshan kele aanee dakhavun dile qee tyanchya utkrantimule lapvoon thevanyachya uddeshane lashkari chhadmavaranachi konatihi dnyat tattve purn jhaali naheet. tyaeivaji, jevha yuddh karar visarjit jhaala, tevha rajkiyadrushtya pashchimatya deshanna anukool houu lagalelya deshanche ganvesh natochya namunyanche rung aanee pott yavar ekatra yeu lagale. marshal titochya mrutyunantar aanee yugoslaviache vighatan jhalyanantar, naveen rashtranche chhadmavaran namune badalale, jeey tyanchya tyanchya sainyane vaparlelya chhadmavaran namunyansarkhe jhaale. anek ekach velee karya karnyasathi lashkari chhadmavaran pranyanchya rangasarkhe aahe, asey lekhakanche mhanane aahe.
barfache chhadmavaran.
kahee pradeshanmadhye rutoo bhoomika bajavu shakatat. uttar akshanshatil hangami barfal paristhitimule rung aanee potamadhye natyamay badal hoto, jyamule vahananna punha rangavane aanee vegale barfache aachchadan aavashyak hote. purv aanee uttar europeey deshanmadhye ativastranaivaji swatantra hiwali ganveshanchi parampara aahe. jaate mahayuddhachya kalat, waffen-ess. ess. eka paul pudhe jaaun unhala aanee sharad rutusathi vegalya yojnansah ulat karata yenyajoge ganvesh tasech hivalyatil pandhare atiparoop paridhan vikasit kele.
chalval.
jevha chhadmavaran asaleli vastoo sthir asate tevha namune ghan rangapeksha adhik prabhavi crypsis pradan karoo shakatat, parantu konatihi rachana, visheshtah uchch virodhabhas asaleli, vastoo halat asatana vegali disate. jaate mahayuddhadarmyan jangalatil chhadmavaran ganvesh jaaree kele gele, parantu british aanee american donhi sainyanna aadhalale qee sainik halat asatana sadhya hiravya rangachya ganveshamule adhik changle chhadmavaran milate. yuddhanantar, bahutek rashtre tyanchya sainyasathi ekvarniy ganveshat parat aalee. kahee desh, visheshtah austriya aanee israyal, aaj dekhil ghan ranganche ladhau ganvesh vaparat aahet. tyachpramane, mothya lashkari vimananmadhye paramparikpane halakya khalchya prushthbhagavar gadad varchya bhagasah vighatankari namuna (countershading eka prakar) asato, aadhunik vegwan ladhau vimananmadhye sahasa ekoon rakhadi rung paridhan keela jaato.
digital chhadmavaran.
digital chhadmavaran heey vividh patalyanvar pixellated namunyanchya vaparadvare vighatankari parinam pradan karate, mhanje chhadmavaran heey durchya shrenitil nirikshanala parabhoot karnyas madat karate. asha prakarche namune pahilyanda jaate mahayuddhadarmyan vikasit kele gele, jevha johann george oto skick yanni eka yojnet sookshm aanee sthool-namune ekatra karoon, wayfane-ess. ess. sathee anek namune tayar kele. german sainyane 1970 chya dashakat hii kalpana pudhe flectarnmadhye vikasit kelee, jee lahan aakaranna dietherings ekatra karate; yamule mothya pramanatil namunyachya kadaa mauu hotat, jyamule antarnihit vastoo olakhane katheen hote. pixellated aakar anek varshanpasun purv-dinankit sanganakachya sahayyane tayar kelele aahet, jeey aadhich 1944 kinwa 1945 madhye vikasit jhalelya "tii. tii. ess. emm. keey. keey" sarkhya chhadmavaran namunyansah soviet unionchya prayoganmadhye vaparale jaat aahet.
1970 chya dashakat, american lashkari adhikari timothi aar. oo 'neelane suchavale qee ranganchya chauras thokalyancha samavesh asalele namune prabhavi chhadmavaran pradan kartil. 2000 salaparyant, oo 'nilchi kalpana german' flecktarn 'sarkhya namunyansah jodali gelee aanee cadput aanee marpet sarkhya pixellated namune tayar kele gele. digital chhadmavaran namunyatil yuddhanaukechi rachana sarvapratham canadachya sainyane kelee hotee. digital" mhanje namunyachya nirdeshankancha sandarbh, jeey digital paddhatine paribhashit kele jaatat. hii sandnya sangankadware tayar kelelya naun-pixellated multicam aanee italian fractal "vegetato" patternsarkhya namunyansathi dekhil vaparali jaate. pixellation swatach chhadmavaran prabhavat yogdan dett nahee. pixellated shaili, tathapi, rachana sulabh karate aanee kapadavar mudran sulabh karate.
drushyaheen.
manvi dolhyavar avalambun nasaleli lashkari sadhane shodhanyasathi radar aanee sonar aanee itar sadhanancha janm jhalyane, tyanchyaviruddha chhadmavaran nirman karnyache sadhan aale. ektritpane hyanna gupt tantradnyan mhanatat. radarchi swakshari qamee karnyasathi, viman aanee jahajanna radarchya aaveganna preshakapasun door pratibimbit karnyasathi aakar deela jaau shakato aanee radar-shoshak samagreene jhakale jaau shakate. ushnata ushnata kshepanastranchya vaparamule vimanachya engines ushnata chinha lapavanyache prayatna dekhil jhaale aahet. paddhatinmadhye garam exaust vayoo aanee aajubajuchya thund haveche mishran karnyasathi aakar dilelya exaust portcha samavesh hoto aanee exaust portla airframechya varchya bajula thevane samavisht aahe. 
bahu-varnapat chhadmavaran ekach velee infrared, radar, atinil aanee millimeter-wave imaging yasarkhya anek shodh paddhatinpasun vastoo lapavanyacha prayatna karate. 2018 paryant, anek desh bahu-varnakrameey pranalinsah varsa chhadmavaran pranali tappyatappyane kadhoon takat aahet.
shravanpratirodh, kiman aavaj qamee karnyachya swarupat, vividh prakare keela jaato. lashkari panbudyanche rabaryukt prushthbhag sonar laata shoshun ghetat aanee shravanpravan chhadmavaranacha eka prakar mhanoon pahile jaau shakatat. kahee aadhunik helicopters shant rahnyasathi tayar kelya aahet. aavaj qamee karnyasathi ladhau ganvesh sahasa snap fastner kinwa velkroaivaji batnansah susajj asatat.
ghranmay chhadmavaran durmil asalyache mhatale jaate; udaharananmadhye ghilee suut, heshiyan kapadyachya pattyanpasoon banavalelya lashkari snipersasathi vishesh kapade, jyanchi kadhikadhi chikhalane prakriya kelee jaate aanee agadi khatacha vapar karoon tyanna snipercha vaas jhakanyasathi "maticha" vaas deela jaato.
chumbakeey sanvedak asalelya chumbakeey khanee aanee itar shastranpasun jahajanche sanrakshn karnyasathi jaate mahayuddhapasun 'degousing' coilchya swarupat chumbakeey chhadmavaran vaparale jaat aahe. sampoorn kinwa jahajachya kahee bhagambhovati aadvya gundalya jahajane nirman kelelya pruthvichya chumbakeey kshetrachi vikrutee "radd" karnyasathi chumbakeey kshetre tayar karatat.
itihas.
tolhee aanee rifleman.
pracheen kalat jahajanchya chhadmavaranacha vapar adhunmadhun keela jaat asey. asey shatkat vetiusne lihile qee, julius seasurene brittonchya brittonchya gupt mahitee gola karnyasathi aapali scout jahaje pathavali tevha ii. sha. puu. chya 56-54 varshanmadhye gallic yuddhandarmyan 'venesian nila' (samudrasarkha nila-hirwa) rung lapavanyasathi vaparla jaat asey. nilya-hiravya rangachya skaut jahajanmadhye navik aanee navik ekach rangache kapade paridhan karoon gheuun jaat asat.
hatanni ladhanyavar bharr dene aanee bandook yasarkhya shastranchya chhotya shrenicha arth assa hota qee barok kalatil ladhau kapadyanmadhye chhadmavaranapeksha olakh aanee ekatmata adhik mahattvachi hotee. lamb pallyachya payadal shastranchya, visheshtah bekar rayfalchya parichayamule, naveen bhoomika ughadalya jyasathi chhadmavaran asalelya kapadyanchi aavashyakta hotee. vasahatvadi saat varshanchya yuddhat (1756-1763), raifal-sashastr rodgersche ranger rakhadi kinwa hirave ganvesh ghalat asat. unitchya nantarchya senapatinpaiki eka asalelya johnn graves simco yanni 1784 madhye namood keleh
hii parampara british raifal regimentdware suru thewali gelee jyanni napolean yuddhansathi raifal green sweekarle.
dweepkalpiy yuddhadarmyan, portugalne "cacadors" mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya halakya payadal tukadyanna tainat kele, jyanni tapkiri-jackett ghatale hote jyamule tyanna lapavinyat madat jhaali. bahutek portugij pradeshanchya bhupradeshat lapavanyasathi tapkiri rung adhik puresa manla jaat asey, sadharanpane madhya aanee uttar europechya hirvyagar bhupradeshanpeksha adhik shushk. itar rashtranni lavkarach tyanchya raifal regimentcha poshakh paridhan karoon aanee kadhikadhi halakya rangachya yogya rangachya sainyane, sahasa hiravya kinwa rakhadi rangachya vividhatanni, tyacha pathpurava keela.
drab general ganveshacha pahila parichay 1848 madhye bharatatil british pathadarshakanni keela hota. suruvatila drab ganvesh visheshtah englandmadhun aayat keela gela hota, jyache eka kaaran mhanje 'tyanna dhoolichya pradeshat adrushya karane' heey hote. tathapi, jevha mothya pramanat aavashyak hote tevha sthanik patalivar ganvesh tayar karnyasathi sthanik rangacha vapar karoon lashkarane sudharana kelee. yaa prakarcha drab ganvesh lavkarach bharatiy sainikankadun khakee (dhoolyukt, matichya rangacha urdu) mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla aanee tyacha rung sthanik sutee poshakhachya majari tadane rangalelya rangashi samaan hota. 1857 chya bandachya kalat itar british tukadyanni yaa udaharananantar, tyanche pandhare drill ganvesh chikhal, chaha, coffey kinwa rangeet shaine apragat swarat nasht kele. parinami rung gadad kinwa slate rakhadipasun halakya tapkiri teey teey kinwa kadhikadhi lavenderparyant badalat asey. haah sudharit upay haloohaloo bharat aanee vayavya simevar tainat asalelya sainikanmadhye aanee kadhikadhi african khandavar moheem moheem sainikanmadhye vyapak jhaala.
raifal phayar.
1830 chya dashakat lamb pallyachya rifles heey manak shastra banale asale taree, lashkar tyanchi ranniti aanee ganvesh julavun ghenyat santh hote, kadachit pramukhyane qamee sashastr virodhkanviruddha vasahatvadi yuddhe ladhanyacha parinam mhanoon. 1880/81 chya pahilya boar yuddhaparyant, eka pramukh european shakti aadhunik lamb pallyachya punaravartit shastrastranchya vaparat changlya prakare susajj aanee parangat asalelya pratispardhyala bhetali nahee, jyamule davpech aanee ganveshat twarit badal karnyas bhag padale gele. 1885 madhye british bharatat tainat asalelya british aanee british bharatiy sainyachya sainikansathi khakee rangacha ganvesh haah manak seva poshakh banala aanee 1896 madhye khakee drill ganvesh british sainyane sarvasadharanpane europbaheril sevesathi swikarla, parantu 1902 madhye jaate boar yuddhaparyant, sampoorn british sainyane seva poshakhasathi khakivar (adhikrutpane 'drab' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) pramanan kele.
yadavi yuddhat nilya rangachya jacketchya rayfalchya tukadya asalelya americi sainyane tyach varshi khakee karat, britishancha pathlag keela. russia anshatah 1908 madhye pudhe aala. 1906 pasoon alpsmadhye aanee 1909 pasoon sampoorn sainyat italian sainyane 'grigio-verde' ('grey-green') chaa vapar keela. german lokanni 1910 madhye 'feldgrau' ('feeled grey') swikarla. 1914 madhye pahile mahayuddha suru jhaale, tevha france hii ekmev pramukh shakti hotee jee ajunahi paramparik suspasht ganvesh paridhan kelelya sainikanna maidanat utaravat hotee.
pahile mahayuddha.
pahile mahayuddha haah aadhunik bandukanni ladhalela pahila purn pramanat audhyogik sangharsh hota. french sainyasathi vighatankari chhadmavaran paridhan karnyacha pahila prayatna 1914 madhye chitrakar louis gwingot yane prastavit keela hota, parantu sainyane tyala nakar deela, jyane tarihi kapadyancha namuna thewala. eka russian rasayanshastradnya mitrachya sahkaryane, gingotne yuddhapurvi hawaman-pratirodhak kapadavar chitrakala karanyachi prakriya vikasit kelee hotee aanee tyasathi patentchi nondani kelee hotee. parantu paschim aaghaditil apghatanchya pramanamule frenchanna shevati tyanche nile coat aanee laal payghol sodoon, rakhadi 'kshitij nila' ganvesh swikaranyas bhag padale.
jalad golibar machine gunn aanee lamb pallyachya breach loading tofkhanyanchya vaparamule vahane aanee sthananche chhadmavaran nirman jhaale. tofkhanyanchya tukadyanchi ruparesha aspasht karnyasathi lavkarach tyanna vipareet thalak ranganni rangavanyat aale. aanakhi eka prarambhik cull mhanje, salchya chhadmavaranasah poladachi banavaleli nirikshan zaade bandhane. 1916 madhye british aanee french sainyat ashee zaade lokpriy jhaali. nirikshan vrukshacha shodh french chitrakar lucien-victor girand dii sevola yanni lavala hota, jyanni french sainyachya chhadmavaran unitche netrutva kele, jeey konatyahi sainyatil asha prakarchi pahili hotee. tyane machine ganchya jaaga lapavanyasathi rangavalelya canvas jaalicha dekhil shodh lavala aanee 1917 pasoon heey upkaran aanee bandukichya jaaga lapavanyasathi twarit haatee ghenyat aale, yuddhachya akheris 70 laakh chauras yard vaparale jaat hote.
pahilya mahayuddhat havai yuddhacha janmahi jhaala aanee tyachyasobat keval jaaga aanee vahane havet disanyapasun lapavanyachi garaj nahee tarr viman swatach lapavanyachi garaj dekhil hotee. 1917 madhye germanyne kendriya sattechya vimananna jhakanare lozeng chhadmavaran vaparnyas suruvat kelee, jeey bahudha sarvat june mudrit chhadmavaran hote. pruthvichya swaranmadhye ashach prakare vighatankari splinter namuna, "buntfarbenenstrick 1918", 1918 madhye takyansathi sadar karnyat aala aanee stallhelmwar (steel helmet) dekhil vaparla gela, joou sainikansathi pramanit chhadmavaran namunyacha pahila vapar tharala.
"camouflers".
1909 madhye eka american kalakar aanee haushi pranishastradnya, ebot thier yanni 'prani samrajyat rung lapavane' heey pustak prakashit kele, jeey lashkari netyanni mothya pramanat vachale, jaree countershading tyanche samarthan, panbudya aanee prushthbhagavaril jahajanche countershading paytant asoonahi, ayashasvi tharale.
sarvat june chhadmavaran kalakar heey francechya poost-impressionist aanee fouve shalanche sadasya hote. cubism, verticism aanee impressionvad yasarkhya samkalin kalatmak chalvalinni dekhil chhadmavaranachya vikasavar prabhav padala kaaran tyanni vighatankari ruparesha, amurtata aanee rung siddhant hatalala.frenchanni 1915 madhye lucien-victor girand dii sevola yanchya netrutvakhali emines yethe 'section dii camouflage' (camouflage vibhag) sthapan keela. tyachya 'chhadmaveshkaranmadhye' jacks villon, andrew dunoyer dii segonzac, charles camoine aanee andrew meer yaa kalakarancha samavesh hota.
pahile mahayuddha aanee aantaryuddh kalatil chakchakit namune vaparnyachya chhadmavaran yojananche bhashyakaranni anekada 'cubist' mhanoon varnan kele hote aanee picasone vishisht atishayoktisaha dawa keela qee 'hoy, heey aapanach kele aahe, mhanje cubism'. camofluors' mhanoon kaam karnare bahutek kalakar paramparik pratinidhi chitrakar hote, cubist navhate, parantu dii sevolane dawa keela qee 'vastoochya pailula purnapane vikrut karnyasathi, mallah cubist pratinidhitva karnyasathi vaparat asalelya sadhanancha vapar karava lagla."
itar deshanni lavkarach chhadmavaranacha fayda pahila aanee kalakar, designer aanee vastuvishardanchi swatachi ekake sthapan kelee. britishanni 1916 chya uttaradhat vimeryuks aanee yuu yethe chhadmavaran vibhag sthapan keela.ess. tyanantar april 1917 madhye newyork chhadmavaran sanstha, janewari 1918 madhye 40 vya abhiyantyanchi adhikrut company aanee mahila rakheev chhadmavaran dalane teey kele. italian lokanni 1917 madhye 'laboretorio dii masheremento' chee sthapana kelee. 1918 paryant dii sevola 9,000 hoon adhik kamgaransah chhadmavaran karyashalanchya adhipatyakhali hota, samorach kaam sanrakshn 'chhadmavaran' chee ganana naan karata. norman wilkinson, jyane pahilyanda british lashkarala chamakdar chhadmavaran prastavit kele, tyane 5 purush designer aanee 11 mahila kalakaranna niyukt kele, jyanni yuddhachya akheris 2,300 hoon adhik jahaje rangavali hotee. french mahilanna british aanee american sainyachya pathopath, upkaranancha bhes ghalanyasathi jaali shivanyasathi aanee sainikanni ghalanyasathi kapade tayar karnyasathi kaam denyat aale hote.
jaate mahayuddhapasun.
aashray ardhyasathi mudrit chhadmavaran heey aantaryuddh kalat italian aanee german sainyasathi, italimadhye 'splochi' emm. 1929 tello mimeto aanee germanymadhye angular splittermuster 31 sadar karnyat aale. yuddhadarmyan, donhi namune aapapalya deshansathi paratrooper ganveshasathi vaparale jaat hote. britishanni lavkarach tyanchya paratrooperschya denison smocksathi brush-stroke prakarchya namunyasah anusaran kele aanee soviet sanghane tyanchya snipersasathi "amiba" namuna overgarment sadar kele.
hugg cotchya 1940 chya 'pranyanmadhil anukool rung' yaa pustakat, pranyanche swatache sanrakshn sanrakshn vividh prakarchya chhadmavaran aanee nakkalincha paddhatshirpane samavesh keela gela aahe aanee sampoorn lashkari chhadmavaranashi spashtapane tulana kelee aaheh
british aanee soviet yaa donhi vimananna sampoorn yuddhadarmyan tyanchya varchya prushthbhagasathi tarang-prakarchya chhadmavaran rangkam denyat aale, tarr american vimananna sadhya done-rung yojana (varchya aanee khalchya bajunmadhye bhinn) kinwa agadi purnapane chhadmavaranane vitarit karnyat aale. italian aanee kahee japani vimananni favarani kelelya thipkyanchya namunyancha vapar keela hota. german vimananmadhye mukhytah koneey splint-pattern chhadmavaran vaparale jaat asey, parantu germanyne vegvegalya yojnansah prayog kele, visheshtah yuddhachya nantarchya tappyat. tyanni takya aanee itar vahanansathi favarani-varr-chhadmavaranachya vividh namunyancha dekhil prayog keela, tarr sanlagn vahane mothya pramanat eka-rangeet rahili. pahilya mahayuddhat tyanni swechhene kaam kele asalyane, mahilanni chhadmavaran jaali shivali, austreliya, britton, newzealand aanee united statesmadhye kaam karnyasathi aupcharik gut aayojit kele jyanni jaate yuddhadarmyan chhadmavarankar mhanoon bhag ghetala.
pramukhyane shahee abhiyantyanmadhye bharati jhalelya kalakarancha samavesh asalelya british madhya purv kamandachya chhadmavaran sanchalanalayane mothya pramanat lashkari fasavanukisathi chhadmavaranacha vapar vikasit keela. pratyaksh aasthapana, vahane aanee dukanancha bhes aanee dummy ekach velee pradarshit karane, aag lavaychi qee sainyachya samarthyachi kinwa sambhavya hallyachya dishanirdeshanchi khotee kalpana denyasathi, yaa mohimanmadhye ekatra kele gele. all alamen yetheel nirnayak ladhaisathi operation bertrammadhe, eka sampoorn dummy bakhtarband vibhag bandhanyat aala, tarr vastavik takya 'sunshield' kavharcha vapar karoon mauu tvachechya vahatukichya veshat hotya. asha prakare vikasit jhalelya kshamatancha vapar keval paschim valvantatach navhe tarr europemadhyehi normandivaril aakramanasathi angarkshakanchya mohimet aanee paisiphik mohimemadhye, goodenf betachya ladhait kelyapramane keela gela.
dhoranatmak bombsfotanchya aarambhamule havai kshetre aanee dhoranatmak utpadan kendre lapavanyache prayatna jhaale. sthitijanya chhadmavaranacha haah prakar agadi vistrut asoo shakato aanee tyat khotee ghare aanee qaar dekhil samavisht asoo shakatat. yuddhanantarchya kalat anvastranchya dhokyamule asha vistrut chhadmavaranakade aata upayukt mhanoon pahile jaat navhate, kaaran payabhoot suvidha nasht karnyasathi dhoranatmak anvastrancha thet fatka lavane aavashyak nasate. kursakchya ladhaisarkhya anubhavanvar aadharit, jyat laal sainyala shaktishali shatruvar maat karnyas madat jhaali, asha chhadmavaranasah itar madhyamandvare aashcharyachakit karanyachi garaj, soviet unionchya lashkari fasavanukichya siddhantat paribhashit kelee aahe.
arj.
ganvesh.
ganveshachi bhoomika keval pratyek sainikala lapavane hii nahee tarr shatrupasoon mitra olakhane hii dekhil aahe. jaate mahayuddhadarmyan europemadhil americi sainikanna 'frogskin' ganvesh jaaree karane thambavanyat aale kaaran too anekada wayfane-ess. ess. neey paridhan kelela vighatankari swarupacha german ganvesh mhanoon chukala hota. chhadmavesh ganvesh tayar karoon mothya sankhyene sainikanna vitarit karane aavashyak aahe. tyamule chhadmavesh ganveshanchya rachnet chhadmavaran prabhav, olakhata yenyajogi kshamata, kharch aanee utpadankshamta yanchyatil paraspar vinimay samavisht aahe.
vegvegalya chitrapatgruhanmadhye seva dett asalelya sainyanna vegvegalya chhadmavesh ganveshanchi aavashyakta asoo shakate. samshitoshna/jungle aanee valvantatil chhadmavaran ganvesh yaa vegvegalya samasya samanya aahet. ganveshat vanaspatinche tukade jodanyache sadhan jodoon kahee pramanat vegvegalya bhubhaganshi julavun ghetale jaau shakate. helmetmadhye anekada jaaliche aavaran asate; kahee jacketmadhye tyach hetusathi lahan loop asatat. yogya chhadmavaran vanaspati shodhane kinwa itar marganni sthanik bhupradeshanusar jaaree kelelya yuddh ganveshat badal karane heey payadal sainikansathi eka mahattvache kaushalya aahe.
boriyal hawaman asalelya deshanmadhye ektar ulat karata yenyajoge ganvesh kinwa sadhe aachchadan thevun anekada barfache chhadmavaran aavashyak asate.
jaminivaril vahane.
vahan aanee upkarananchya chhadmavaranacha uddesh vaiyaktik chhadmavaranapeksha vegala aahe kaaran prathamik dhoka haah havai tolicha aahe. vahanachya vaishishtyapurn aakarat vyatyay aanane, chamak qamee karane aanee vahan jaree disale asale taree teey olakhane katheen karane heey uddisht aahe.
rung haah sarvat qamee prabhavi upay aahe, parantu itar tantransathi too eka aadhar aahe. lashkari vahane anekada itaki ghaan hotat qee namuna-rangavalele chhadmavaran disat nahee aanee jaree matt rung chamak qamee karatat, tarihi ole vahan chamakdar asoo shakate, visheshtah varoon pahilyas. chhaya aanee aakarancha arth lavane adhik katheen vhave yasathi namune tayar kele jaatat. british sainyane uttar aafrikechya mohim aanee greesmadheel khadkal valvantat valvantat vahanansathi vighatankari yojana sweekarli, jee mage valoon counter yojana mhanoon olakhali jaate. tyat saral reshansah lagoo kelele sahaa rung vaparale gele.
british sainyachya vishesh havai sevene tyachya valvantat-aachchhadit land rover maliketil aay. aay. aii. gast vahananvar prathamik rung mhanoon gulabi rung vaparla, jyala 'gulabi chitte' asey topananav denyat aale; haah rung durvar valupasoon vegala karata yet nasalyache disun aale hote.
drushya nirikshanala parabhoot karnyasathi jaali prabhavi tharoo shakate. paramparik chhadmavaran jaali kapad 'sajavat' chaa vapar karoon tyachya khalee tayar jhalelya savalichya kholisah spasht pott tayar karate aanee vanaspatinchya tukdyansah parinam majboot keela jaau shakato. aadhunik jaali satat vinalelya samgripasoon banavali jaatat, jee vahanavar tainat karane sope asate aanee paramparik jaali sajavanyachya pattyanmadhye "khidakya" nasatat. vahane firat asatana kahee jaali jaagich rahoo shakatat. radar aanee aushnik sanvedakanna parabhoot karnyasathi sadhya jaalya qamee prabhavi asatat. judd, adhik tikau "bhramansheel chhadmavaran pranali", moolatah aushnik aanee radar gunadharmansah anuroop duvet, vahanabhovati jaali pasaravalyamule vilamb naan hota kahee pramanat lapvoon thevatat.
infrared parshvabhoomishi julanyasathi garam kinwa thund peltier platescha vapar karoon vahanansathi sakriy chhadmavaran, udhyogat namuna tayar kele gele aahe parantu adyap utpadan suru karnyat aalele nahee.
jahaje.
20 vya shatkaparyant, naudalachya shastranchi vyapti qamee hotee, tyamule jahajansathi aanee jahajavaril purushansathi chhadmavaran mahattvache navhate. rangsangatichi nivad dekhbhal kinwa saundaryashastrachya sulbhatechya aadhare kelee jaat asey, visheshtah buff upperworks (polish kelelya pital fittings) aanee pandhare kinwa kaale patanga. 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila, tsushimachya ladhait disun aalelya naudalachya vadhatya sahbhagamule, jahaje dhukyat villin hotil yaa aashene, ekoon rakhadi rangachya kahee ghan rangachya swarupat, pahile chhadmavaran suru karnyas pravrutt jhaale.
pahilya aanee jaate mahayuddhachya mahayuddhachya chhadmavaranacha vapar, ingraj kalakar norman wilkinson yanni keela hota, jahajanna gayab karnyasathi navhe tarr teey lahan kinwa vegwan disanyasathi, shatruchya chukichya olakhanyala protsahan denyasathi aanee jahajanna marane katheen karnyasathi keela gela. jaate mahayuddhat, royal canadian naudalane sakriy chhadmavaran, prati-prakashanachya eka swarupachi chachani ghetali, ratrichya velee jahajanna ujal aakashaviruddh gadad aakarat disu naye yasathi pasarlelya prakashacha vapar keela. yamule drushyamanata 70 takkyanparyant qamee jhaali, parantu tee avishvasaniy hotee aanee kadhihi utpadanat gelee nahee.
jaate mahayuddhanantar, radarchya vaparamule chhadmavaran samanyatah qamee prabhavi jhaale. tathapi, optical rangefindercha vapar karoon vhietnami vhietnami batterinpasoon yuddhanaukanche sanrakshn karnyasathi chhadmavaranamule madat jhaali asavi.
norwey, sweeden aanee indoneshiyatil naudalansarkhya kinarpattivaril gast nauka, sthaliy shailitil vighatankari swarupachya chhadmavaranacha vapar karat rahatat.
viman.
vimanachya chhadmavaranala aavhan aahe qee vimanachi parshvabhoomi mothya pramanat badalate, nirikshak vimanachya varr aahe qee khalee aanee parshvabhoomisah, udaa.jee. shetjameen kinwa valvant. vimanachya chhadmavaran yojnanmadhye anekada khalee halka rung aanee varr gadad rung asatat.
itar chhadmavaran yojana kabool karatat qee ladhau viman konatyahi konat aanee konatyahi parshvabhoomichya viruddha disu shakate, mhanoon vimananna vighatankari namuna kinwa rakhadisarkhya tatasth rangane sarvatra rangavale jaate.
jaate mahayuddhachya sagari gast vimananna, jase qee ektrit pii. bii. aay. catalina udatya botila pandhare rung denyat aale hote, kaaran viman samanyatah aakashat gadad disate (ratrisah) aanee mhanoon shakya titkya halakya rangat rangavalyavar teey kamitakami disatat. aakashat andhar disanyachi samasya yuu. aii. madhye shodhali gelee.ess. 1943 madhye naudalacha yehudi dive prakalp, jevha samorun pahile jaate tevha vimanachi sarasari chamak gadad aakarapasun aakashasarkhi vadhavanyasathi prati-prakashyojanacha vapar karoon. prayoganni kaam kele, jyamule viman disanyapurvi aat yeu shakale, tarr divyanvina viman door disale.
aadhunik vimanancha uchch veg aanee havai ladhait radar aanee kshepanastranvar avalambun rahilyane drushya chhadmavaranache moolya qamee jhaale aahe, tarr electronic "gupt" upayanche moolya vadhale aahe. aadhunik rangsangrahachi rachana radardware vaparale jaanare vidyutchumbakiy kiranotsarg shoshun ghenyasathi, vimanachi swakshari qamee karnyasathi aanee tyanche lakshya shodhanyasathi ushnata ushnata kshepanastrandvare vaparlya jaanarya infrared prakashache utsarjan maryadit karnyasathi kelee gelee aahe. sakriy chhadmavaranachya kshetrat viman chhadmavaranatil pudhil pragatichi tapasani kelee jaat aahe.
fashion aanee qalaa.
fashion aanee 'chamakdar chendu'.
yuddhatoon keval nagri vaparasathi chhadmavaran namunyanche hastantaran alikadache nahee. 1919 saalee chelsey arts clubchya 'dozzle baul' pasoon suru jhalelya chamakdar chhadmavaranamule englandmadhil kapadyanvar vaparlya vaparlya chamakdar namunyanchya pravruttila prerana midali. upasthit asalelyanni chakchakit-swarupache kaale aanee pandhare kapade ghatale, jyamule postcard aanee masik lekhanchya madhyamatoon visavya shatkatil fashion aanee kalevar prabhav padala. illustrated london news ghoshit
kaleteel chhadmavaran.
pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan aanee tevhapasoon anek kalakaranni chhadmavaran vikasit karnyas madat kelee, tarr donhi sanskratinchya bhinn sahanubhootine yuddh kalakaranchya kamavyatirikt itar "lashkari" prakarancha vapar pratibandhit keela. 1960 chya dashakapasun, anek kalakaranni chhadmavaranachya pratikatmakatecha fayda ghetala aahe. udaharanarth, andy warholechi 1986 chee chhadmavaran malika hii tyanche shevatche pramukh kaam hote, jyat chhadmavaran swayam-chitra samavisht hote. 1961 teey 1970 yaa kalat elen jackwetne anek chhadmavarane tayar kelee. ian hamilton finalecha 1973 chaa 'arcadia' haah pananni jhakalelya takicha screenprint hota, 'naisargik nandanavanachi hii kalpana aanee takivaril chhadmavaran namune yanchyatil eka vidambanatmak samantar', jyache varnan rajpatrachya sangrahat kele aahe. vera wonn lehndorff aanee holger trulzsh yanche topananav asalelya verushkane 'nisarg, chinhe aanee prani' aanee 'mimikri-dress-aart' chee nirmiti kelee. thomas hirshornne 2005 madhye 'eutopiah vann world, vann warr, vann armi, vann dress' tayar keela.
yuddh nidarshak aanee fashionwadi.
1960 chya dashakat americet lashkari kapade adhikadhik prachalit jhaale (bahutekda pratirupit chhadmavaranapeksha olive dreb); heey anekada yuddhavirodhi nidarshakanni, suruvatila yuddhaviruddha vhietanamchya diggajansarkhya gatanmadhye, parantu nantar rajkiy nishedhache prateek mhanoon mothya pramanat paridhan kelyache aadhalun aale.
fashion anekada prerana mhanoon chhadmavaran vaparte-lakshavedhi rachana, chhadmavaranacha "namuna vikar", tyache pratikvad (sajra karane kinwa vikrut karane) aanee tyachi ashtapailoota yamule aakarshit hote. suruvatichya designersmadhye marimekko (1960), jeane-charles dii castelbajack (1975-), stephen sprouse (warhole print, 1987-1988 vaparoon) aanee franco moskino (1986) yancha samavesh aahe, parantu 1990 chya dashkaparyantach chhadmavaran haah rastyavaril kapadyanpasun teey uchch-fashion lebalparyant-visheshtah 'fox-camouflage' chaa vapar, haah poshakhacha eka mahattvapoorn aanee vyapak pailu banala. 1990 chya dashakat aanee tyapalikade chhadmavaran vaparnare nirmateh khrishchan diarsathi johnn galliano, louis vhitansathi marqa jacobs, comey days garsons, channell, tommy hilfigure, dolls aanee gabbana, isse miyak, armani, yaves seent-laurent.
chhadmavaran namunyanshi jawalun sambandhit companyanmadhye 6876, snan karnare wanner, dagadi bett, stucy, maharshi, mii, pranisangrahalay york, vyasani aanee girboud yancha samavesh aahe, jeey jeey lashkari atirikt kapadache vapar aanee atimudran karatat; itar gulabi kinwa jambhalya sarkhya chamakdar ranganmadhye chhadmavaran namune vapartat. emma lundgren aanee stucy yasarkhya kahinni itar chinhansah tyanchi swatachi rachana kinwa ekatmik chhadmavaran namune tayar kele aahet.
nirbandh.
barbados, aruba aanee itar caribean deshansarkhya kahee deshanmadhye paryatak aanee mulansah bigger-lashkari bigger-lashkari chhadmavaran kapade ghalanyas manai karnare kayade aahet. zimbabwemadhye ajunahi nagri guptavaran balganyavar bandee aahe.

