leninism

leninism hii russian marksvadi krantikari vladimir lenin yanni vikasit keleli eka rajkiy vichardhara aahe, jee samyavadachya sthapanecha rajkiy prastav mhanoon krantikari aaghadi pakshachya netrutvakhali sarvharachi hukumshahi sthapan karnyacha prastav mandate. kamgar vargala rajkiy jaaniv (shikshan aanee sanghatana) aanee bhandavalshahi padchyut karnyasathi aavashyak krantikari netrutva pradan karane heey leninist aaghadi pakshache karya aahe.
leninist krantikari netrutva heey 'communist jahiranamyavar' (1848) aadharit aahe, jyamadhye communist pakshala 'pratyek deshatil kamgar varg pakshancha sarvat pragat aanee drudh gut' mhanoon olakhale jaate; too vibhag joou itar sarvanna pudhe dhakalato."aaghadicha paksh mhanoon, bolshevikanni itihasakade dvandvatmak bhautikvadachya saiddhantik chaukatidware pahile, jyane bhandavalshahicha yashasvi padav karnyasathi aanee nantar samajvad sthapan karnyasathi rajkiy vachanbaddhatela manjuri dilee; aanee krantikari rashtriy sarkar mhanoon, samajik-aarthik sankraman serve prakare sakar karnyasathi.
1917 madheel aktoobar krantinantar, russiamadhye marksvadachi pramukh aavrutti mhanje leninism hotee. soviet russiamadhye 1917 saalee jameen, yuddh samyavad (1918-1921) aanee naveen aarthik dhoran (1921-1928) yaa aadeshasah samajvadi utpadan paddhatichi sthapana karnyasathi krantikari rajvatine bahutek rajkiy virodh dadapala, jyat leninachya kruteela virodh karnare marksvadi, arajaktavadi aanee menshevik, samajvadi krantikari pakshache gut aanee davya samajvadi-krantikarkancha samavesh hota. russian yadavi yuddh (1917-1922), jyamadhye madhye sainyaviruddhachi ladhai, hastakshep, bolshevikanviruddha davya vicharsaraniche uthav aanee vyapak shetkari bund heey eka bahya aanee antargat yuddh hote, jyane bolshevik rashiyache russian samajvadi sangharajya soviet prajasattakat (rsfsr) rupantar kele, jeey soviet samajvadi prajasattakanchya (ussr) sanghachi sthapana karnare mukhya aanee sarvat mothe prajasattak hote.
krantikari sarav mhanoon, leninism haah mulat yogya tattvadnyan kinwa swatantra rajkiy siddhant navhata. leninismadhye rudhivadi marksvadachya rajkiy-aarthik ghadamodincha aanee nahee shatkachya suruvatila samrajyavadi russiachya, gulaminantarchya krishi samajachya vastavik paristhitichya (rajkiy, samajik, aarthik) vyavharik vaparasathi vyavharik sanshleshan mhanoon kaam netrutva marksvadachya leninachya vyakhyancha samavesh aahe. rajkiy-vidnyan sandnya mhanoon, communist internationalchya pachvya congressmadhye (1924), jevha grigori zinovivne 'aaghadi-paksh kranti' darshavinyasathi 'leninism' haah shabd lagoo keela, tevha leninchya sarvahara krantichya siddhantane samanya vaparat pravesh keela."1922 chya sumaras russian communist pakshachya (buub) shabdasangrah aanee siddhantancha bhag mhanoon 'leninism' swikarla gela aanee janewari 1923 madhye, leninachya aakshepannantarhi, too sarvajanik shabdasangrahat pravesh keela.
aitihasik parshvabhoomi.
parshvabhoomi shatkat carl marks aanee friedrich engels yanni 'communist pakshacha jahirnama' (1848) lihila, jyamadhye tyanni communist kranti sadhya karnyasathi european kamgar vargachya rajkiy ektrikaranache aavahan kele; aanee prastavit kele qee samyavadachi samajik-aarthik sanghatana bhandavalshahipeksha uchch swarupachi asalyane, audhyogik deshanmadhye pratham kamgar kranti hoil. germanymadhye, marksvadi samajik lokshahi haah germanychya samajik lokshahi pakshacha rajkiy drushtikon hota, jyane leninsarkhya russian marksvadyanna prerana dilee.
nahee shatkachya suruvatila, shahee russiachya (1721-1917) samajik-aarthik magasalepanamule-ektrit aanee asman aarthik vikasamule-jalad aanee sakhol audhyogikikaran sulabh jhaale, jyamule pramukhyane krishipradhan samajat eksandh, kamgar-varg sarvharache nirman jhaale. shivay, audhyogikikaranala pramukhyane paradeshi bhandavalane arthsahayya kele jaat asalyane, 18 vya shatkatil french krantipramane (1789-1799), kamgar aanee aanee rajkiy aanee aarthik prabhav asalela krantikari bhandavalshahi samrajyavadi rashiyakade navhata. jaree rashiyachi rajkiy arthvyavastha krishipradhan aanee ardh-samanti asali, taree lokshahi krantiche kaam shahari, audhyogik kamgar vargakade padale, joou jameen sudharana aanee lokshahikaran karnyas saksham asalela ekmev samajik varg hota, kaaran russian burjuva varg konatyahi krantila dadapun takel.
aktoobar krantiche rajkiy dhoran (7-8 november 1917), april thesis (1917) madhye, leninne prastavit kele qee russian kranti hii eka vegali rashtriy ghatana nasoon moolbhootpane aantarrashtriy ghatana aahe-jagatil pahili samajvadi kranti. krishipradhan russiachya samajik, rajkiy aanee aarthik paristhitisathi marksvad aanee sarvahara kranticha vyavharik vapar karoon, leninne kelelya krutimule, 'garibanchya krantikari rashtravad' laa, romnov gharanyachya (1613-1917) teenshe varshanchya rajvanshachya sampoorn rajeshahila rashiyache tsars mhanoon padchyut karnyasathi prerit aanee prerit kele.
samrajyavad.
samrajyavad, bhandavalshahicha sarvoch tappa" (1916) madhye, leninachya aarthik vishleshananni asey soochit kele qee bhandavalshahiche jaagtik vittiy vyavasthet rupantar hoil, jyadvare audhyogikrut desh tyanchya vasahatinna aarthik bhandwal niryat kartil aanee tyamule mool rahivashanchya shramanche shoshan aanee tyanchya deshanchya naisargik sansadhananche shoshan lakshat yeil. asha atiaaharamule shrimant deshanna bahutansh kamgaranpeksha kinchit uchch darjache jivanman asalele gharguti kamgar abhijat rakhane shakya hote, jyamule bhandavalshahichya matrubhoomit shantatapurn kamgar-rajdhani sambandh sunishchit hotat. tyamule, samrajyavadi jaagtik-vitt vyavastha astitvat asatana, bhandavalshahi deshanmadhye kamgar aanee aanee sarvahara kranti houu shakali nahee. nahee shatkachya suruvatila bhandavalshahi jaagtik-vitt vyavasthetil rajkiyadrushtya sarvat kamkuvat desh asalelya shahee rashiyasarkhya avikasit deshat pahili sarvahara kranti ghadavi lagel. united states auph europe' chya ghoshavakyat (1915), leninne lihileh
(1920) madhye, leninne lihileh
leninist sarav.
aaghadicha paksh.
communist jahiranamyachya (1848) aanee adhyayat marks aanee engels yanni communist pakshala krantimadhye sarvahara vargache netrutva karnyasathi keval patra asalela rajkiy agraganya mhanoon sadar kele aaheh
kamgar vargachya pathimbyane sarvharachi hukumshahi sthapan karane haah leninist aaghadi pakshacha krantikari uddesh aahe. communist paksh zaar sarkarchya lokpriy nikshepananche netrutva karel aanee nantar kamgar vargakade sarkari satta hastantarit karel; sattadhari vargacha-burjuva vargatoon sarvahara vargakade badalalyane-samajvadachi sthapana shakya hote. kaay karave lagel?"(1902), lenin mhanale qee kamgar vargatoon bharati jhalelya krantikari aaghadichya pakshane rajkiy mohimeche netrutva kele pahije kaaran asha prakarech sarvahara vargala tyanchya krantichi jaaniv hoil; itar samajvadi rajkiy paksh aanee arajaktavadi-syndicalistanni samarthan kelelya trade-union-sangharshachya aarthik mohimechya ulat. markspramanech, leninne krantiche pailu, 'aarthik moheem' (vadhiv vetan aanee kamachya savalatisathi kamgar sump) jyamadhye bahul netrutva pasarale hote aanee 'rajkiy moheem' (samajat samajvadi badal), jyasathi bolshevik aaghadi pakshachya nirnayak, krantikari netrutvachi aavashyakta hotee, yaat farak keela.
lokshahi kendrikaran.
pahilya aantarrashtriy (aaee. vhee. aii., aantarrashtriy kamgar sanghatana, 1864-1876) chya aadhare, leninne bolshevikanna lokshahidrushtya kendrikrut agraganya paksh mhanoon sanghatit kele; jyamadhye dhoranatmak sahmati hoiparyant mukt rajkiy bhashan vaidh mhanoon manyata dilee gelee; tyanantar, pakshachya pratyek sadasyane manya kelelya dhoranache palan karane apekshit hote. 1921 madhye leninne pakshatil gatanvar bandee ghatalyanantarhi lokshahi vadavivad hii bolshevik pratha hotee. margdarshak rajkiy prabhav asoonahi, leninne sampoorn shakticha vapar keela nahee aanee tyachya drushtikonacha krantikari kruticha marg mhanoon sweekar karnyasathi satat vadavivad keela. teeka karnyache swatantrya aanee krutichi ekata" (1905) madhye, lenin mhanaleh
sarvahara kranti.
aktoobar krantipurvi, madhyam rajkiy sudharananna pathimba deunahi-jevha yogya vel yeil tevha dumamadhye nivadoon aalelya bolshevikansah-lenin mhanale qee bhandavalshahicha padav keval sarvahara krantidvare keela jaau shakato, haloohaloo sudharananmule nahee-aatoon (fabianism) aanee baheroon (samajik lokshahi)-jeey ayashasvi hoil kaaran utpadan sadhananvaril burjuva vargachya niyantranamule rashiyatil rajkiy satteche swaroop nishchit hote. sarvahara aanee aanee lokshahi hukumshahisathi" yaa ghoshavakyat darshavilyapramane, avikasit rashiyatil sarvahara krantisathi shaharanmadhye yashasvipane sarkari satta swikaranyasathi eksandh sarvahara varg (shetkari aanee audhyogik kamgar) aavashyak hota. shivay, bahutansh aanee madhyamvargiy aakankshanmule, krantiche sarvahara netrutva netrutva arthane samajvadi aanee lokshahi samajik-aarthik badalachi khatri deil, asey leone trotsky mhanale.
sarvharachi hukumshahi.
bolshevik russiamadhye, thet lokshahidvare sarkar soviet (kamgaranchya nivadoon aalelya parishad) dware sakarle gele aanee prabhavit kele gele, jeey leninne mhatale qee rudhivadi marksvadat gruheet dharaleli "sarvharachi lokshahi hukumshahi" hotee. sovhietmadhye karkhane aanee kamgar sanghatananchya pratinidhi samityancha samavesh hota, parantu kamgar varg aanee aanee sarvharache sarkar sthapan karnyasathi bhandavaldar samajik vargala vagalanyat aale. bolshevik rashiyatil bhandavaldar samajik vargachya rajkiy matadhikarapasun vanchit rahnyababat, lenin mhanale qee, "shoshankartyanna matadhikarapasun vanchit thevane haah purnapane russian prashna aahe, aanee sarvasadharanpane sarvharachya hukumshahicha prashna nahee. ... konatya deshanmadhye?..shoshakansathi lokshahi, eka kinwa aanee swarupat, pratibandhit asel...haah kinwa tyaa bhandavalshahichya vishisht rashtriy vaishishtyancha prashna aahe."rajya aanee kranti" (1917) chya pachvya adhyayat, lenin yanni sarvharachya hukumshahiche varnan asey kele aaheh
bhandavalshahi samajik vargachya lokshahipasun vanchit rahnyabaddal, lenin mhanaleh "bahusankhya lokansathi lokshahi aanee balacha vapar karoon dadapshahi, mhanje.eae. lokshahitun, lokanche shoshak aanee julami yanna vagalane-haah lokshahicha badal aahe joou bhandavalshahitun samyavadakade sankramanadarmyan hoto."sarvahara vargachi hukumshahi soviet ghatanavadane prabhavit jhaali, joou burjuva lokshahit prachalit asalelya bhandavalshahichya (khajgi malkichya utpadan sadhananchya) viruddha sarkarcha eka prakar hota. soviet ghatanavadantargat, sarkari sattechya nivadanukisathi spardha netrutva anek rajkiy pakshanpaiki eka haah leninist aaghadicha paksh asel. tathapi, russian yadavi yuddhamule (1917-1924) aanee madhye sainyachya prati-krantila madat netrutva virodhi rajkiy pakshanchya bolshevik virodhi dahashatvadamule, bolshevik sarkarne itar serve rajkiy pakshanvar bandee ghatali, jyamule russian federationmadhil ekmev rajkiy paksh mhanoon leninist aaghadi paksh rahila. asey rajkiy dadapshahi heey tatvadnyandrushtya sarvharachya hukumshahimadhye antarbhut navhate, asey lenin mhanale.
arthshastra.
bolshevik sarkarne udhyogache rashtriyikaran kele aanee rashtriy arthvyavasthecha utpadak samanvay sadhanyasathi aanee russian rashtriy udhyoganna ekmekanshi spardha karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi paradeshi vyaparachi maktedari sthapan kelee. shahar aanee deshatil lokanche poshan karnyasathi, russian gruhyuddha ladhanyasathi-ann aanee shastrancha puresa puravatha-aavashyak aut mhanoon, leninne yuddh samyavad (1918-1921) sthapan keela. march 1921 madhye, naveen aarthik dhoranane (nepa, 1921-1929) maryadit sthanik bhandavalshahila (khajgi vanijya aanee antargat mukt vyapar) parvanagi dilee aanee dhanya aavashyaktanchya jaagi rajya bankandware vyavasthapit krishi curr lagoo keela. nepacha uddesh uddesh ann-kamataratechya dangli sodavane aanee maryadit khajgi udhyoganna parvanagi dene haah hota; nafyachya uddeshane aanee shahar aanee deshache poshan karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya pikanche utpadan karnyas protsahit kele; aanee shahari kamgar vargachi aarthik punarsthapana karane, jyanni prati-krantikari yadavi yuddh ladhanyasathi anek kamgar gamavale hote. nepalchya arthvyavasthechya rashtriyikaranamule rashiyache audhyogikikaran sulabh hoil, kamgar varg rajkiyadrushtya balkat hoil aanee serve russian lokanche jivanman unchavel. russian samajvadachya sthapanesathi rashiyachi arthvyavastha balkat karnyasathi naveen samajvadi rajyancha uday aavashyak hota, asey lenin mhanale. leninchya samajik-aarthik drushtikonas, 1918-1919 chee german kranti, 1920 madheel italian bund aanee samanya sump aanee britton, france aanee americetil kamgaranchya vetan-dangli yanni pathimba deela.
rashtriy aatmanirnay.
shoshit lokanmadhye rashtravad olakhoon swikartana, leninne tyanchya rashtriy swanirnay adhikarache samarthan kele aanee tyamule russian jatiyavadala virodh keela kaaran asha vanshik kendravadamule padchyut jhalelya russian samrajyachya pratyek pradeshat sarvharachi hukumshahi sthapan karnyat sanskrutik adthala hota. rashtranchya aatmanirnay hakkamadhye" (1914), lenin mhanaleh
marksvad aanee bolshevismcha samajvadi aantarrashtriyavad haah varg sangharsh aanee lokanchya paar netrutva rashtravad, vanshik kendravad aanee dharmavar aadharit aahe-purogami vargabhavanetil bauddhik adthale-jeey sanskrutik "yathasthiti" aahet, jyat bhandavalshahi shasak varg kamgar varg aanee shetkari varganna rajkiyadrushtya vibhajit karnyasathi chalato. samajvadachya sthapanetil tyaa adthalyavar maat karnyasathi, lenin mhanale qee, rashtravad haah lokancha aatmanirnay aanee futeer honyacha adhikar mhanoon swikarlyas, swabhavikpane samajvadi rajyanna rashtravadachya rajkiy maryada olandun sangharajya sthapan karata yeil. rashtriyatechya prashnat kinwa 'svayatta' (1923) madhye, lenin mhanaleh
samajvadi sanskruti.
shetkari aanee kamgaranche aarthik shoshan sulabh karnyasathi burjuva vargane sarvahara vargala shikavaleli sanskrutik "yathasthiti" nirman karnari dharm aanee rashtravadachi samajik khotee jaaniv door karnyasathi kamgar aanee aanee rajkiyadrushtya shikshit karane hii leninist aaghadi pakshachi bhoomika hotee. leninchya prabhavakhali bolshevik pakshachya kendriya samiteene mhatale qee samajvadi kamgaranchya sanskraticha vikas 'varoon adavoon thevu naye' aanee rashtriy sanskrativaril 'prolatecult' (1917-1925) sanghatanatmak niyantranala virodh keela.
1924 nantarche leninism.
stalinism.
krantinantarchya russiamadhye, stalinism (eka deshatil samajvad) aanee trotskeevad (kayamswarupi jaagtik kranti) heey samyavadache pramukh tatvadnyan hote, jeey leninismpasoon vaidh vaicharik vansh asalyacha dawa karatat; asha prakare, samyavadi pakshantargat, pratyek vaicharik gatane virodhi gatachi rajkiy vaidhata nakarli. tyachya mrutyuchya kahee kaal aadhiparyant, leninne communist paksh aanee soviet sarkarchya nokarshahitil stallinchya asman rajkiy prabhavacha pratikar keela, anshatah tyane georgiachya lokanviruddha kelelya durupyogamule aanee anshatah nirankush stallinne tyachya communist pakshachya sarchitanis padachya tulanet apramansar prashasakeey satta jamaa kelee hotee.
padchyut jhalelya zaar samrajyachya rashtriy aanee vanshik gatanna swanirnay denyachya leninchya samarthanashi susangat asalelya stallinchya virodhatil prati-karvai. leninne pakshala ishara deela qee stallinchya hatat amaryad adhikar kendrit aahe aanee too tyaa adhikaracha puresha savadhgirine vapar karnyas nehmich saksham asel qee nahee yachee mallah khatri nahee aanee stallinla communist pakshache sarchitanis padavarun hatavanyasathi leone trotskys eka gut sthapan keela.
tyaa uddeshane communist pakshachya dhorananvaril nokarshahicha prabhav qamee karnyasathi pakshachya padanche prashasakeey adhikar qamee karnyachya prastavanche anusaran kele gele. asha babinmadhye (udaa.jee. nokarshahivirodhi kamgar aanee aanee tapasanila qamee lekhane) aanee stallinla sarchitanis mhanoon padchyut karnyacha yuktivad keela. konatihi sadaleli tadjod" nakarnyacha sallah deunahi, tyanni leninachya sallyakade laksh dile nahee aanee sarchitanis stallin yanni communist paksh aanee soviet sarkarchya nokarshahivar satta kayam thewali.
trotskeevad.
leninchya mrutyunantar (21 janewari 1924), trotskyne vaicharikdrushtya stallinchya prabhavashi ladha deela, jyane russian communist pakshat (grigori zinoviev aanee lev kamenevs, nantar nikolai bukharin aanee nantar swatahsah) sattadhari gut tayar kele aanee tyamule 1924 pasoon soviet sarkarche dhoran nishchit kele. sattadhari gatanni stallinchya virodhakanna pakshantargat virodhi gut mhanoon sanghatit honyacha adhikar satatyane nakarla-asha prakare, lokshahi kendrikaran aanee communist pakshantargat abhivyakti swatantryachi punarsthapana heey trotskeechya davya virodhi pakshache aanee nantarchya sanyukt virodhi pakshache pramukh yuktivad hote.
sarkari dhoran sthapan kartana, stallinne eka deshat samajvadachya siddhantala protsahan dile (1925 madhye sweekarle), jyamadhye soviet union russiachya aarthik payavar samajvad sthapit karel (aanee itaratra samajvadi krantila pathimba deil). yaulat, trotskyne asey mutt vyakt kele qee eka deshatil samajvadamule soviet sanghachya audhyogik vikasavar aarthik nirbandh yeteel aanee tyamule vikasit jagatil naveen samajvadi deshankadun madatichi aavashyakta aahe-jee soviet lokshahi tikavoon thevanyasathi aavashyak hotee-1924 madhye, madhye sainyachya virodhi krantichya russian yadavi yuddhamule khoop qamee jhaali. trotskeechya kayamswarupi krantichya siddhantane prastavit kele qee avikasit deshanmadhil samajvadi kranti saranjami shasson aanakhi nasht kartil aanee samajvadi lokshahi sthapan kartil jee vikas aanee sarkarchya bhandavalshahi tappyatoon jaanar naheet. tyamule krantikari kamgaranni rajkiyadrushtya shetkari rajkiy sanghatananshi yutee kelee pahije, bhandavalshahi rajkiy pakshanshi nahee. yaulat, stallin aanee tyachya mitranni assa prastav mandala qee samyavadi phaar qamee asalelya krantichya purtatesathi bhandavalshahi rajkiy pakshanshi yutee karane aavashyak aahe. visheshtah chiinii krantichya uttarekadil mohimechya bhagat (1926-1928), visheshtah, stallinwadi pratha ayashasvi jhaali, jyacha parinam ujavya vicharsaranichya kuomintangne chiinii communist pakshachi kattal karnyat jhaala. apayash asoonahi, mishra-siddhantvadi rajkiy yutiche stallinche dhoran, tarihi comminternche dhoran banale.
1929 madhye rashiyatoon nirvasit hoiparyant, trotskyne kamgar virodhi sadasya, bandkhor aanee (nantar) zinovivists davya virodhi pakshache (aanee nantar sanyukt virodhi) vikas aanee netrutva kele. davya virodhi pakshachya rajkaranavar trotskeevadache varchasva hote, jyat soviet lokshahichi punarsthapana, communist pakshatil lokshahi kendrivadacha vistar, rashtriy audhyogikikaran, aantarrashtriy kayamswarupi kranti aanee samajvadi aantarrashtriyavadachi magani hotee. trotskiwadi magnyanni stallinchya communist pakshachya rajkiy varchaswala virodh keela, jyache adhikrut vaishishtya mhanje "lenincha panth", kayamswarupi kranti nakarane aanee eka deshatil samajvadachya siddhantache samarthan karane. grameen bhagatil kulakanchya bhandavalshahi hitsambandhanche samadhan karane aanee eka samajik varg mhanoon tyancha naash karane yaa darmyan sthirvadi aarthik dhoran ulgadat hote. suruvatila, stalinavadyanni rashiyache rashtriy audhyogikikaranhi nakarle, parantu nantar tyacha purn pathpurava keela, kadhikadhi nirdayipane. donhi prakarananmadhye, davya virodhakanni shrimant kulak samajik vargaprati stallinchya dhoranachya pratigami swarupacha aanee saktichya audhyogikikaranatil krooratecha nishedh keela. trotskyne stallinwadi asthirateche varnan sattadhari nokarshahichya alokatantrik swarupache lakshan mhanoon kele.
1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat, stallinne russiachya trotsky aanee trotskeevadyanchya rajkiy prabhavashi apaprachar, yahudivirodhi, sensorship, haddapar, haddapar (antargat aanee bahya) aanee turungwas yancha vapar karoon ladha deela aanee tyancha parabhav keela. trotskivirodhi mohimecha shevat mosco khatalyanchya (1936-1938) fashimadhye (adhikrut aanee anadhikrut) jhaala, jeey krantiche netrutva netrutva junya bolshevikanchya mothya shuddhicha bhag hote.
varsa.
stalinismower charcha prabhav.
richard pipessarkhe kahee itihaskar stalinismla, stallinne "laninchya deshantargat aanee pararashtra dhoran karyakramanchi vishvasoopane amalbajavani kelelya" leninismcha naisargik parinam manatat. robbert service namood karate qee "sansthatmak aanee vaicharikdrushtya leninne stallincha paya ghatala... parantu, leninismpasoon stalinismchya sarvat white bhitiparyantcha marg sahaj aanee apariharya navhata."itihaskar aanee stallinche charitrakar edward radzinsky yancha assa vishvas aahe qee stallin haah lenincha kharaa anuyayi hota, agadi tyane swatahvar dawa keela hota. satatya rakhanyache samarthak vividh yogdan yogdan ghatakancha ullekh karatat, jyat teey stalinaivaji lenin hote, jyanchya yadavi yuddhatil upayayojananni laal dahashatvadachi suruvat kelee aanee tyanchya olis thevanyachya aanee najarkaidet thevanyachya chhavanya; qee leninach hota jyane kukhyat kalam 58 vikasit kele aanee jyane russian communist pakshat nirankush vyavastha sthapan kelee. samarthakanni asehi nondavale aahe qee, leninne pakshatil gatanvar bandee ghatali aanee 1921 madhye eka-pakshiy rajyachi suruvat kelee, jyachya parinami stallinla leninchya mrutyunantar tyachya pratispardhyanpasun sahajpane sutka karata aalee aanee russian yadavi yuddhatil virodhkanviruddha bolshevik sangharshadarmyan 'aamhi sanghatit dahashatvadasathi ubhe aahot' asey mhanat felix diserzinskicha ullekh keela."
punarujjivanvadi itihaskar aanee shityuddhanantarche kahee aanee anyatha roy medvedevs asantusht soviet itihaskar assa yuktivad karatat qee, "stallinne kelelya vividh upayayojananchi yadee karata yete, jeey pratyakshat lokshahivirodhi cull aanee leninchya kalat lagoo kelelya upayayojanancha pathpurava hote", parantu asey qee "stallinne anek marganni, leninchya spasht soochananchya anushangane navhe tarr tyanna avadnya karoon kaam kele."asey kartana, kahee itihaskaranni suruvatipasunach samyavadat stallinche nakaratmak pailu antarbhut hote yaa adhinayakvadi drushtikonas kamkuvat karnyasathi stallinwadala leninismpasoon door thevanyacha prayatna keela aahe. tikakaranmadhye leone trotsky yanchyasarkhya stalinvadvirodhi communistancha samavesh aahe, jyanni nidarshanas aanoon dile qee, leninne russian communist pakshala stallinla sarchitanis padavarun hatavanyasathi patvoon denyacha prayatna keela. haah aadesh asalela dastaivaj, lenincha karar, leninchya mrutyunantar dadapun taknyat aala. british itihaskar isaq dutior yanni trotsky yanchya charitramadhye mhatale aahe qee, puravyancha samna kelyavar, "keval andh aanee bahire lokach stalinism aanee leninismmadhil farkachi jaaniv thevu shakat naheet."stallinche sachiv boris bazanov yanchya matey, stallin sarvajanikaritya dukkhacha mukhavata ghalat asatana, leninchya mrutyubaddal anandi hota.
stallincha uttaradhikari nikita khrushchev yane assa yuktivad keela qee 1956 madhye dilelya tyachya gupt bhashanat stallinche shasson leninchya netrutvapeksha barech vegale hote. too stallinchya bhovati bandhalelya vyaktichya panthachi teeka karat hota tarr leninne 'itihasacha nirmata mhanoon lokanchya bhoomikevar' bharr deela. vaiyaktik samjavatinvar avalambun asalelya samoohik netrutvala leninne pathimba deela aanee sarchitanisapadavarun stallinla hatavanyachi shifaras kelee yavarhi tyanni bharr deela. krushevne yachya viruddha stallinchya "nirankushate" shhee tulana kelee, jyasathi tyachya padala purnapane adhinata aavashyak aahe aanee tyane heey dekhil adhorekhit kele qee nantar 'pakshache shatru' mhanoon nasht jhalelya anek lokanni tyachya aayushyat leninsobat kaam kele hote. tyanni, kranti 'aadhich vijayi' asatana dekhil, leninne vaparlelya tokachya paddhati aanee samoohik dadapshahishi, yadavi yuddhadarmyan 'jagnyasathicha sangharsh' mhanoon 'sarvat aavashyak prakarananmadhye' vaparlya gelelya 'gambhir paddhatin' chee tulana kelee.
kahee marksvadi siddhantkaranni yaa drushtikonavar aakshep ghetala aahe qee stallinwadi hukumshahi hii bolshevikanchya krutinchi naisargik vaadh hotee kaaran 1917 pasoonchya bahutek mool kendriya samitichya sadasyanna nantar stallinne kadhoon takale hote. george novac yanni davya samajvadi krantikarkansah sarkar sthapan karnyasathi aanee menshevikansarkhya itar pakshanna rajkiy kayadesheeratet aananyachya bolshevikanchya suruvatichya prayatnanvar bharr deela, jaree nantar tyaa serve pakshanna shuddha karnyat aale. toney cliffaney assa yuktivad keela qee bolshevik-davya samajvadi krantikari aaghadi sarkarne anek karananmule lokshahi paddhatine nivadoon aaleli russian sanvidhan sabha visarjit kelee. tyanni junya matdar-nondincha hawala deela, jyat samajvadi krantikari paksh aanee vidhansabhanmadhil vibhajan soviet sanghachya russian congresshee paryayi lokshahi rachana mhanoon sangharsh asalyache manya kele gele nahee.
grammy gilsarkhya alikadil granthanmadhye asech vishleshan aahe, jeey assa yuktivad karatat qee "[stalinism] haah purvichya ghadamodincha naisargik pravah navhata; [tyane] pramukh rajkiy abhinetyanchya janivpurvak nirnayanmule tivra break tayar keela."tathapi, gill namood karato qee" yaa shabdachya vaparatil adachani stalinismchya sankalpanetil samasya pratibimbit karatat. stalinism mhanje kaay asave yabaddal sahmaticha abhav hii sarvat mothee adchan aahe."sheela fitzpatricksarkhya sanshodhanvadi itihaskaranni samajachya uchch staranvar laksh kendrit karnyavar aanee hukumshahisarkhya shityuddhachya sankalpananchya vaparavar teeka kelee aahe, jyamule vyavastheche vastav aspasht jhaale aahe.
davya vicharsaranichi teeka.
marksvadacha eka prakar mhanoon, krantikari leninismvar samajvadacha alokatantrik arth lavane mhanoon teeka kelee gelee. russian krantitil rashtriyatecha prashna" (1918) yaa pustakat, rosa luxembergne serve russian sanvidhan sabheche (janewari 1918) daman, saranjamdaranchya malmatteche shetkari samudayanmadhye vibhajan aanee rashiyatil pratyek rashtriy lokanchya aatmanirnay hakkasathi bolshevikanvar teeka kelee. bolshevikanchya dhoranatmak (bhoo-rajkiy) chukanmule russian krantisathi mahattvapoorn dhoke nirman hotil, jase qee bolshevik russia yaa mothya deshache prashasana karnyasathi udayas udayas nokarshahi. samichin krantikari prathechya bachavasathi, (1920) madhye, leninne bolshevikvirodhi tikakaranchya rajkiy aanee vaicharik takrari fetalalya, jyanni leninchya rajkiy davya bajula asalelya vaicharikdrushtya yogya bhoomika asalyacha dawa keela. marksvadi tattvadnyanat, davya samyavad haah samyavadyanmadhil davya vicharsaranichya rajkiy drushtikonacha eka vistar aahe. davya samyavadane bolshevik pakshachya vichardharevar krantikari agraganya mhanoon teeka kelee aahe. vaicharikdrushtya, davya communistanni tyanche drushtikon aanee drushtikon pramanik marksvad mhanoon sadar kele aanee tyamule tyanchya pahilya (1919) aanee aanee (1920) parishadanmadhye communist internationalchya leninizampeksha sarvharachya dishene adhik kendrit kele. davya samyavadachya samarthkanmadhye amadio bordiga, herman gorter, paul matic, sylvia pankhurst, antoney panecoek aanee oto ruhale yancha samavesh aahe.
aitihasikdrushtya, dutch-german communist davya pakshanni lenin aanee leninismvar sarvadhik teeka kelee aahe, tarihi italian communist davya pakshanni leninist rahile. bordiga mhanalah "sandhisadhu aanee 'vichalanvad' nasht karnyache heey serve kaam (leninh" kaay karave?") haah aaj pakshachya karyacha aadhar aahe. krantikari refluxchya yaa kalkhandat aanee marks, engels, lenin aanee italian davya pakshanche hinsak aanee lavchik virodhak asalelya sandhisadhu siddhantanchya prasaradarmyan paksh yaa kamat krantikari parampara aanee anubhavanche anusaran karato."daad lenin legended" (1935) madhye, paul maticne mhatale aahe qee dutch-german davya pakshanni suru keleli parishad samyavadi parampara dekhil leninismvar teeka karate. aantarrashtriyavadi samyavadi pravrutti aanee aantarrashtriy samyavadi vartaman yasarkhya samkalin davya-samyavadi sanghatana, leninkade eka aavashyak aanee prabhavshali siddhantkar mhanoon pahatat, parantu sarvahara krantisathi rajkiy sarav mhanoon leninavadavar teeka karatat.
tathapi, aantarrashtriy communist pakshacha simabaddhatavad bordigachya kathor leninismcha palan karato. samkalin samyavadachya vicharvantanmadhye, dutch-german davya vicharsaranishi vaicharikdrushtya sanlagn asalelya, siddhantkar gills dove yanni "kautskivadache up-utpadan" mhanoon leninismvar teeka kelee. soviet union viruddha samajvad' (1986) madhye nome chomsky mhanale qee, stalinism haah leninismcha tarkik vikas aahe, leninachya dhorananpasun vaicharik vichalan nahee, jyacha parinam mhanoon polis rajyane samuhikpane amalbajavani kelee. samajvadachya tattvanchya prakashat, leninism haah marksvadapasun ujavya vicharsaranicha vichalan hota.
leninismachi aaghadichi-pakshiy kranti haah samajvadi rajkiy varnpatatil samyavadi pakshancha vaicharik aadhar banala. peaples republic auph chayanamadhye, chiinii communist pakshane maovad (mao tse tungcha vichar), chiinii vaishishtyansah samajvadasah swatahla sanghatit kele. singapurmadhye, peaples action partyne (papp) antargat lokshahi darshavali aanee singapurchya sarkarmadhye aanee rajkaranat eka-pakshache varchasva suru kele. asha paristhitit, paristhitit jagatil deshanchya samajik-aarthik paristhitimadhye maovadacha vyavharik vapar kelyane peru-reed fatherlandchya communist pakshasarkhe krantikari aaghadiche paksh tayar jhaale.
pudhe vacha.
vladimir lenin yanni nivadaleli kaame
itihas
itar lekhak
bahya duve.
vladimir leninchi kaame
itar vishayavishayak duve

