
samajik lokshahicha itihas

samajik lokshahicha ugam kamgaranmadhye eka vichardhara mhanoon jhaala, jyache uddisht samajik kranti heey hote, jeey purnapane mukt bhandavalshahipasun door samajik bhandavalshahichya pratimanakade jaane, jyala kadhikadhi samajik bajarpeth arthvyavastha mhanatat. utkrantivadi samajvadachya babatit kinwa kalyankari rajyachi sthapana aanee samarthan kelyapramane ahinsak krantimadhye. 1860 chya dashakat orthodox marksvadashi sambandhit krantikari samajvad mhanoon tyachi utpatti jhaali. 1890 chya dashakapasun rosa luxemberg sarkhya vachanbaddha krantikari samajik lokshahivadi aanee sudharanavadi samajik lokshahivadi yanchyat vaad hota. nantarchya lokanni edward bernsteensarkhya marksvadi sanshodhanvadyanchi bajoo ghetali, jyanni udarmatvadi lokshahi aanee varg-bhedi sahkaryavar aadharit adhik haloohaloo drushtikonache samarthan kele. carl kautsky yanni madhyamargi padache pratinidhitva kele. 1920 chya dashkaparyant, aantarrashtriy samajvadi chalvalit samyavadasah samajik lokshahi hii prabhavi rajkiy pravrutti bunley, jee shantatapurnapane samajvad sadhya karnyachya uddeshane lokshahi samajvadachya eka swarupache pratinidhitva karate. 1910 chya dashkaparyant, samajik lokshahi jagbharat pasarali hotee aanee sansadesarkhya prasthapit rajkiy prakriyancha vapar karoon bhandavalshahipasun samajvadakade utkrantivadi badalache samarthan karnyachya dishene sankraman jhaale hote. 1910 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, krantikari samajvadasathi vachanbaddha asalelya samajvadi pakshanni swatache naav badaloon communist paksh thewale, jyamule aktoobar krantila pathimba denare aanee tyala virodh karnare yanchyat samajvadi chalvalit phoot padali. bolshevikancha virodh karananya samajik lokshahivadyanni nantar samyavadyanpasun aanee nantar 1920 chya dashakat marksvadi-leninavadyanpasunache tyanche matbhed adhorekhit karnyasathi swatache naav badaloon 'lokshahi samajvadi' thewale, udarmatvadi lokshahila virodh karnyasarkhya vishayanvar nantarchya lokanshi asahmat asatana samaan vaicharik mule samayik kelee.
yuddhanantarchya yugachya suruvatila, paschim europemadhil samajik lokshahivadyanni, tevha soviet unionmadhye astitvat asalele stallinwadi rajkiy aanee aarthik model nakarle. tyanni ektar samajvadachya paryayi margasathi kinwa bhandavalshahi aanee samajvad yanchyatil tadjodisathi swatahla vachanbaddha kele. yuddhanantarchya kalat, samajik lokshahivadyanni khajgi malmattechya varchasvavar aadharit mishra arthvyavasthechi kalpana sweekarli, jyat keval alpasankhyak atyavashyak suvidha aanee sarvajanik seva sarvajanik malkikhali hotya. dhoranatmak vyavastha mhanoon, samajik lokshahi, bhandavalshahichi vishisht sankate talhanyasathi aanee bajar, khajgi malmatta aanee majuri kamgar heey ghatak radd naan karata, mothya pramanavar berojgari talhanyasathi kinwa rokhanyasathi eka marg mhanoon, keynesian arthshastra, rajya hastakshepavad aanee kalyankari rajyashi sambandhit jhaali. 1980 chya dashkaparyant navudarvadachi lokpriyata aanee naveen adhikar vadhalyane, anek samajik lokshahi pakshanni aarthik udarmatvadala samajik lokshahi kalyankari dhorananshi jodanyache uddisht thevun tisya margichi vichardhara samavisht kelee. 2010 chya dashkaparyant, jyaa samajik lokshahi pakshanni trikonipana swikarla aanee kathorata, niyantran, mukt vyapar, khajgikaran aanee kamachya vetanasarkhya kalyankari sudharanansarkhya dhorananmadhye navudarvadi badal, tyat mothee ghasaran jhaali. tisra marg mothya pramanat pasocfication mhanoon olakhalya jaananya ghatanemadhye pasantichya baher padala. samajik lokshahi pakshanchya ghasaranicha sambandh, audhyogik kamgaranchi ghatati sankhya, matdaranchi adhik aarthik samruddhi aanee aarthik mudyanvar yaa pakshancha davikadoon kendrakade valanyacha cull yanchyashi vidvananni jodala aahe. tyanni yaa prakriyet tyanche purviche samarthak aanee matdar door kele. adhik davya aanee davya lokprimi pakshanna, tasech navudarvadi aanee trutiyapanthi dhorane nakarnanya davya aanee harit samajik lokshahi pakshanna vadhalelya pathimbyachi barobari yaa ghasaranishi jhaali aahe.
20 vya shatkat samajik lokshahicha khoop prabhav hota. 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat, pahilya mahayuddhanantar aanee mahamandichya nantar, samajik lokshahivadi sattevar nivadoon aale. britton, germany aanee sweedansarkhya deshanmadhye, samajik lokshahivadyanni samajik sudharana manjur kelya aanee 1970 aanee 1990 chya dashkaparyant tikananya yuddhanantarchya kalat pashchimatya jagaat protsahan dile jaanare proto-keynesian drushtikon sweekarle. shikshantadnya, rajkiy bhashyakar aanee itar vidwan hukumshaha samajvadi aanee lokshahi samajvadi rajyanmadhye farak karatat, jyat pahile soviet gatanche pratinidhitva karatat aanee dusare pashchatya gut deshanche pratinidhitva karatat, jeey britton, france, sweeden aanee sarvasadharanpane pashchatya samajik lokshahisarkhya samajvadi pakshandvare lokshahi paddhatine shasit aahet. samajik lokshahivar davya aanee ujavya asha donhi bajunni teeka kelee aahe. pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan kamgar vargacha vishvasaghat kelyabaddal aanee sarvharachya 1917-1924 krantikari latanchya apayashat bhoomika bajavalyabaddal davya pakshanni samajik lokshahivar teeka kelee. tyat pudhe samajik lokshahivadyanni samajvad sodala asalyacha aarop keela aahe. yaulat, adhikarachi eka teeka pramukhyane tyanchya kalyanavaril tikeshi sambandhit aahe. aanakhi eka teeka lokshahi aanee samajvadachya susangatateshi sambandhit aahe.
18vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun 19vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant.
samajvadi chalvalitil kranti aanee utpatti (1793-1864).
samajik lokshahichi sankalpana french kranti aanee 1848 chya burjuva-lokshahi krantikade valate, albert mathies yanchyasarkhya itihaskaranni 1793 chya french sanvidhanakade eka udaharan aanee prerana mhanoon pahile aanee maximilian robespierla samajik lokshahiche sansthapak mhanoon label kele. kamgar-varg chalval mhanoon samajik lokshahichi utpatti 1860 chya dashakat europemadhil pahilya mothya kamgar-varg pakshachya udayasah, ferdinand lasal yanni 1863 madhye sthapan kelelya general german kamgar sanghatanechya (adav) udayasah shodhali gelee aahe. 1860 chya dashakat samajik lokshahichi sankalpana janivpurvak udarmatvadi lokshahipasun vegali asalyache disun aale. american samyavadachi mule' yaa granthat theodor draper yanni spasht kelyapramane, 19vya shatkatil europemadhye, visheshtah germanymadhye, jithe laslian aanee marksvadi yanchyatil rajkiy prabhavavarun spardha hotee, samajvadachya done spardhatmak samajik lokshahi aavrutya hotya. jaree 1860 chya dashakachya uttaradhat nantarche saiddhantikdrushtya vijayi jhaale aanee 1864 chya suruvatila lasal maran pavale asale, taree vyavharat laslian vijayi jhaale kaaran tyanchi rashtriy shailichi samajik lokshahi aanee sudharanavadi samajvadane 1880 aanee 1910 chya dashkatil sudharanavadi vikasavar prabhav padala. 1864 saalee aantarrashtriy kamgar sanghatanechi sthapana jhaali, jee pahili aantarrashtriy mhanoonahi olakhali jaate. tyane vividh drushtikonanche samajvadi ekatra aanale aanee suruvatila carl marks aanee mikhail bakunin yanchya netrutvakhalil arajaktavadi yanchyat samajvadatil rajyachya bhoomikevarun sangharsh nirman jhaala, bakunin yanni rajyachi konatihi bhoomika nakarli. pahilya aantarrashtriy parishadetil aanakhi eka muddah mhanje sudharanavad aanee samajvadatil tyachi bhoomika.
pratham aantarrashtriy yug, lassalins aanee marksvadi (1864-1889).
lassel jaree marksvadi nasla taree marks aanee friedrich engelschya siddhantanni tyachyavar prabhav padala aanee tyane varg sangharshache astitva aanee mahatva sweekarle. marks aanee engels yanchya 'communist jahiranamyachya' ulat, lassel yanni varg sangharshala adhik madhyam swarupat protsahan dile. markschya rajyachya siddhantane tyala vargashasanache eka sadhan mhanoon nakaratmakpane pahile, jeey sarvharachya sattevar aalyanantar aanee nantar nasht jhalyavarach tatpurte astitvat rahile pahije, tarr lasal yanni rajya sweekarle. kamgaranche hitsambandh vadhavanyache aanee kamgarandware chalavalya jaananya sahkari sansthanvar aadharit arthvyavastha nirman karnyasathi samajache parivartan karnyache eka sadhan mhanoon lasale yanni rajyakade pahile. lasselchi ranniti pramukhyane nivadanuk aanee sudharanavadi hotee, jyamadhye lasselianscha assa yuktivad hota qee kamgar vargala asha rajkiy pakshachi garaj aahe joou sarvanpeksha jaast sarvatrik praudh purush matadhikarasathi ladhel.
adavchya pakshachya vruttapatrala 'daad soshal democrat' () asey mhatale jaat asey. marks aanee engels yanni 'sozialdemocrate' yaa shirshikela tiraskarane pratisad deela aanee engels yanni ekada lihileh 'pann kaay shirshak aaheh' sozialdemocrate '! ... teey yaa goshtila fakt 'sarvahara' qaa mhanat naheet? sogialdemocrate' hii eka white padvi hotee, heey marksney engelshee manya kele. jaree 'sozialdemocrate' yaa navacha ugam pratyakshat 1848 madhye markschya german bhashet democratic socialist party () chya samajik lokshahichya pakshat () jhalelya anuvadat disun aala asala, taree marxla haah french paksh aavadala nahee kaaran too tyakade madhyam vargache varchasva mhanoon pahat hota aanee 'sozialdemocrate' haah shabd tyaa pakshashi jodala hota. adavmadhye wilheim libknekche pratinidhitva karnara eka marksvadi gut hota, joou "dair sozialdemocrate" chya sampadakanpaiki eka banala. lokshahivadi lock 1848chya krantikade lokshahi kranti mhanoon pahat hote, jyane dirghkal swatantrya, samanata aanee bandhutva sunishchit kele, tarr marksvadyanni 1848 chaa nishedh kamgar vargachya kayadeshir magnyanprati udaseen asalelya burjuva vargane kamgar vargachya aadarshancha vishvasaghat keela assa keela.
udarmatvadi bhandavaldaranchya tyachya samajvadi dhorananvaril virodhala tond dett, lasselane puranmatvadi kuleen junkerschya samyavadi burjuva virodhi vruttimule tasech rashiyache kulpati oto wonn bismark yanchyashi dhoranatmak yutee karnyacha vadgrast prayatna keela. bismarkshee maitripurna drushtikon thevanyachya lasalechya dhoranavarun adavmadhye sangharsh nirman jhaala, jyane bismark tyanchyashi maitripurna asel asey chukiche gruheet dharale hote. marks aanee engels yanchyashi sambandhit pakshachya gatane yaa drushtikonas virodh keela, jyat libconnectcha samavesh hota. bismarkchya sarkarprati laselchya maitripurna drushtikonatil adavchya virodhamule libaknektane "sozialdemocrate" chya sampadakpadacha rajinama deela aanee 1865 madhye adav sodale. 1869 madhye august bail aanee libucknect yanni patty-burjua saxon peaples party (svp), adavcha eka gut aanee german kamgar sanghatananchya sangh (vda) chya sadasyanche vilinikaran mhanoon germanychya samajik lokshahi kamgar pakshachi (sdap) sthapana kelee.
ess. dii. aii. pii. adhikrutpane marksvadi nasla taree marksvadyanchya netrutvakhalil hii pahili pramukh kamgar-varg sanghatana hotee aanee marks aanee engels yaa doghanchahi pakshashi thet sambandh hota. pakshane pahilya aantarrashtriy spardhet marksney swikarlelya bhoomikansarkhich bhoomika sweekarli. sdap aanee adav yanchyat tivra vair aanee vaimansya hote, sdap heey russian sarkarshi atyant vaimansyapurn hote tarr adav yanni sudharanavadi aanee adhik sahkari drushtikon avalambala. hii shatrutva franco-russian yuddhavaril donhi pakshanchya bhoomikesah tyachya shikharavar pohochali, jyamadhye ess. dii. aii. pii. neey bismarkne chalavalele samrajyavadi yuddh asalyacha dawa karoon russiachya yuddh prayatnanna pathimba denyas nakar deela, tarr adavne yuddhala bachavatmak mhanoon pathimba deela kaaran tyat samrat napolean tisra aanee francela "atipratikriya karnara aakramak" mhanoon pahile.
franco-russian yuddhat francechya parabhavanantar, francemadhye kranti usalali, jyat krantikarak lashkari sadasyanni kamgar-varg krantikarkanni parris samuday sthapan keela. parris samudayane parisachya nagarikanna konatyahi vargachi parva naan karata tasech sarkarla pathimbyacha eka pramukh aadhar asalelya kamgar vargala, dahashatvadi vaktavyandvare aavahan kele. kamgar vargala aakarshit karnyasathi asha ugravadi vaktavyannantarhi, parris samudayala parisachya madhyamvargiy burjuva vargakadoon, dukandar aanee vyapanyansah, lakshaniy pathimba midala. kendriya samiteet nava-praudhoniyan aanee nava-jacobin yanchya mothya sankhyemule, parris samudayane jaheer kele qee teey khajgi malmattechya virodhat naheet, tarr tyaeivaji tyache vyapak vitaran nirman karanyachi tyanna aasha aahe. parris samudayachya rajkiy rachnet panchvis nava-jacobin, pandhra teey vees nava-praudhoniyan aanee aadya-syndalist, nauu kinwa daha blankvist, vividh prakarche kattarpanthi prajasattak aanee marksney prabhavit jhalelya pahilya aantarrashtriy sadasyancha samavesh hota.
1871 madhye parris samudayachya patananantar, marksney tyachya 'daad sivil warr inn france' (1871) yaa pustakat, tyacha burjuva samarthak prabhav asoonahi, tyachya kamgiribaddal tyache kautuk kele aanee tyala vyavharat sarvharachya hukumshahiche eka utkrusht model mhatale, kaaran tyane burjuva rajyachi yantrana, jyat tyachi prachand nokarshahi, lashkari aanee karyakari, nyayik aanee vidhimandal sansthancha samavesh hota, tee nasht karoon, tyachya jaagi vyapak lokpriy pathimbyane kamgar-varg rajya sthapan kele. parris samudayache patan aanee tyachya arajaktavadi samarthakanchya chhalamule pahilya aantarrashtriy samnyatil bakuninist arajaktavadi lokancha prabhav kamkuvat jhaala, jyacha parinam mhanoon marksney eka varshanantar kamkuvat pratispardhi bakuninistanna aantarrashtriy sanghatoon hakaloon dile. brittenmadhye, kamgar sanghatana kayada 1871 antargat kamgar sanghatananchya kayadeshirkaranachya yashane british kamgar sanghatanvadyanna sansadiy madhyamandvare kamachi paristhiti sudharali jaau shakate assa vishvas vatoo lagla.
1872 chya hegg congressmadhye marks yanni eka tippani kelee jyat tyanni kabool kele qee asey desh aahet jithe kamgar shantatamay margane tyanche dhyey sadhya karoo shakatat, parantu bahutek european deshanmadhye aaplya kranticha aadhar balkat asane aavashyak aahe. 1875 madhye marksney gotha karyakramavar hallah keela joou tyach varshi germanychya soshal democratic partycha (ess. dii. pii.) karyakram banala aanee tyachya 'gotha karyakramachi teeka' madhye. marks aashavadi navhata qee tyaa velee germany samajvad sadhya karnyasathi shantatapurn margansathi khule hote, visheshtah 1878 madhye german chanceller oto wonn bismark yanni samajvadivirodhi kayade lagoo kelyanantar. samajvadi virodhi kayadyancha masuda tayar honyas suruvat jhaali parantu 1878 madhye adyap prakashit naan jhalelya velee, marks yanni kamgar-varg vidhimandal sadasyanni banalelya nivadoon aalelya sarkardware vidhimandal sudharananchya shakyatambaddal bolale, parantu kamgar vargachya virodhat balacha vapar karnyachya ichchebaddal dekhil sangitale.
1845 aanee 1885 madheel ingland yaa tyanchya abhyasamadhye, englesney eka abhyas lihila jyamadhye 1845 teey 1885 yaa kalat british varg vyavasthetil badalanche vishleshan kele gele, jyamadhye tyanni kamgar vargachya mothya yashasathi jababdar asalelya chartist chalvalichi prashansa kelee. engels mhanale qee, yaa kalat brittonchya audhyogik burjuva vargala heey samajale hote qee, "madhyamvarg kamgar vargachya madtishivay deshavar kadhihi sampoorn samajik aanee rajkiy satta midvu shakat nahee". yavyatirikt, "done varganmadhil sambandhanmadhye haloohaloo badal" tyachya lakshat aala. tyanni varnan kelela haah badal brittenmadhil kayadyanchya badalatoon disun aala jyane kamgar vargachya bajoone rajkiy badal kele, jyachi magani chartist chalvaline anek varshanpasun kelee hotee, assa yuktivad karat qee tyanni 'sarvatrik matadhikar' kadey jawalcha drushtikon ghetala, kiman aata germanymadhye astitvat aahe.
samajik lokshahivar bigger-marxian prabhav british fabian samajatoon aala. phrank podmore yanni 1884 madhye sthapan kelelya yaa sansthene samajvadachya sadhyatesathi kramik utkrantivadi aanee sudharanavadi drushtikonachya garjevar bharr deela. fabian samajachi sthapana tyaa gatatil samajvadachya virodhamule naveen jivanachya sahbhagatoon eka vibhakt gut mhanoon karnyat aalee. marksvadachya ulat, fabianismne swatahla kamgar vargachi chalval mhanoon protsahan dile nahee aanee tyat mukhyatve madhyamvargiy sadasya hote. george bernard shau yanni lihilele 'fabian nibandh samajvadavar' (1889) heey fabian societyne prakashit kele. shau yanni fabiencecha ullekh "serve samajik lokshahivadi, sampoorn lokshahidvare sampoorn lokanshi olakhalya gelelya rajyat udhyogachi sanghatana aanee utpadan samagri nihit karanyachi aavashyakta samaan" assa keela. itar mahattvachya suruvatichya fabiencemadhye sidney web yancha samavesh hota, jyanni 1887 teey 1891 yaa kalat fabian societychi bahutansh adhikrut dhorane lihili. fabianismcha british kamgar chalvalivar motha prabhav padel.
samajik lokshahivadi hanchakian pakshachi sthapana 1887 madhye jhaali, joou aarmeniyamadhil sarvat juna rajkiy paksh aanee ottoman samrajyatil pahila samajvadi paksh hota.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun 20vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant.
dusare aantarrashtriy yug aanee sudharana kinwa kranti vivad (1889-1914).
samajvadi chalvalit phoot padalyane samajik lokshahi chalval astitvat aalee. 1880 chya dashakapasun aanee 1910 aanee 1920 chya dashakat samaptiparyant, samajvadi chalvalimadhye, samajvadi uddishte sadhya karnyasathi purvat mhanoon rajkiy krantivar bharr denanya aanee samajvadakade haloohaloo kinwa utkrantivadi marg shakya aanee vanchhaniy assa rakhana lokanmadhye phoot padali. ess. pii. dii. dware udaharanadakhal german samajik lokshahi heey jaagtik samajik lokshahi chalvaliche aadarsh hote.
1890 chya dashakat british samajvadi chalvalit, visheshtah 1893 madhye sthapan jhalelya swatantra kamgar pakshamadhye (aay. ell. pii.) brittenmadhil fabian samajacha prabhav vadhala. aay. ell. pii. chey mahattvache sadasya fabian samajashi sanlagn hote, jyat kier hardy aanee bhavee british pantpradhan ramse mcdonald yancha samavesh hota. british sarkari vyavharanmadhye fabian prabhav dekhil udayas aala, jase qee fabian sadasya sidney web yanchi lekhee sahbhagasathi nivad kelee gelee, jee kamgaranvaril shahee aayogacha alpasankhyak ahwal bunley. too nammatra fabian societycha sadasya asatana, hardiche shau sarkhya kahee fabienshee jawalche sambandh hote, tarr too vebasarkhya itaranshi virodhi hota. ilp nete mhanoon, hardine krantikari rajkaran nakarle aanee ghoshit kele qee pakshache davpech "fabiencepramanech ghatanatmak asavet".
rabert blatchford heey aanakhi eka mahattvache fabian vyaktimatva hote, jyanni 'merrie ingland' (1894) heey pustak lihile, jyane nagarpalika samajvadala samarthan dile. "merrie ingland' heey eka pramukh prakashan hote jyachya eka varshat 7,50,000 pratee vikalya gelya. merrie ingland' madhye blatchfordne samajvadache done prakar vegale kele, mhanje aadarsh samajvad aanee vyavharik samajvad. blatchfordcha vyavharik samajvad haah eka rajya samajvad hota, jyane nagarpalikanni chalavalelya tapal karyalayasarkhya vidyaman rajya udhyoganna, vyavharik samajvadache pratyakshik mhanoon olakhale, tarr vyavharik samajvadamadhye utpadan sadhananparyant rajya udhyogacha vistar karane hii lokanchi samayik malmatta asavi assa dawa keela. rajya samajvadala samarthan dett asale taree, blatchfordchya 'merrie ingland' aanee tyachya itar lekhanavar arajaktavadi-samyavadi william mauricecha prabhav hota-jase qee blatchfordne swatah pramanit kele aahe-aanee mauriceche arajaktavadi-samyavadi vishay 'merrie ingland' madhye aahet. shau yanni 'fabian dhoranavaril ahwal' (1896) prakashit keela jyamadhye asey ghoshit kele geleh 'fabian samaj asey suchavat nahee qee khajgi udyog kinwa vaiyaktik upkramachya viruddha rajyane udhyogavar maktedari karavi.
sudharanavadi samajvadacha samarthak aanee marksvadacha anuyayi mhanoon edward bernsteinchya udayasah sampoorn samajik lokshahitil pramukh ghadamodi udayala aalya. 1880 chya dashakat jevha fabianism udayala yet hota tevha bernstein brittenmadhye rahat hota aanee fabianismcha tyachyavar jordar prabhav asalyache manale jaate. tathapi, tyanni aaplya vicharanvar fabian prabhav asalyache jahirpane nakarle. bernsteinne hegeliyanvad nakarla, tarr too kantian dnyanshastriy sanshayavadane prabhavit asalyache manya kele. tyanni aanee tyanchya samarthakanni ess. pii. dii. laa kantian naitikateche marxian rajkiy arthvyavasthet vilinikaran karnyache aavahan kele. samajvadatil kantian tikanchya bhoomikevar, jee "aaplya samasyevar samadhankarak todga kadhanyasathi eka nirdeshak mhanoon kaam karoo shakate", bernsteinne yuktivad keela qee "tumchi teeka serve saiddhantik vicharanna kamkuvat karananya sanshayachya aanee tayar sutranvar avalambun asalelya hathdharmita yaa donhinchya virodhat thet asali pahije". krantikari nasoon utkrantivadi asalelya tyanchya kramik dhoranachya madhyamatoon bhandavalshahicha aamulagra padav nakarla gela aanee samajvadi uddishte sadhya karnyasathi vidhimandal lokshahi margandware kayadeshir sudharananche samarthan kele-mhanje.eae. samajvadi samajachya nirmitila protsahan denyasathi aanee tyala chalana denyasathi samajik lokshahine vidyaman bhandavalshahi samajanmadhye sahkaryane kaam kele pahije. bhandavalshahi jasjashi majboot hott gelee, tasatase bhandavalshahichya vinashkari sankatanantar samajvad yeil, haah kahee rudhivadi marksvadyancha drushtikon bernsteinne nakarla. samajik krantisah samajvad vikasit honyaeivaji, bhandavalshahi akheris samajik sudharanandware samajvadat vikasit hoil assa tyancha vishvas hota. jithe jithe shakya asel tithe sansadiy lokshahi madhyamandvare samajvad sadhya keela jaava, asey samarthan karananya marks aanee engels yanchya nantarchya kamanchi bernstein yanni prashansa kelee.
jaree bernsteinne dawa keela qee tyachi tattve marks aanee engelschya drushtikonashi susangat hotee, visheshtah tyanchya nantarchya varshant jevha tyanni samarthan kele qee samajvad jithe shakya asel tithe sansadiy lokshahi madhyamandvare sadhya keela pahije, tevha jaree bernsteinne dawa keela qee, 'sanshodhanvadi' haah shabd bernsteinla tyachya tikakaranni lagoo keela, jyanni swatahla orthodox marksvadi mhanoon sambodhale. bernstein aanee tyachya sanshodhanvadyanchya gatane, visheshtah tyache sansthapak carl kautsky yanni, samajvad sadhya karnyasathi bhandavalshahichya utkrantichya garjebaddal markschya drushtikonakade durlaksh karoon, tyachya jaagi bhandavalshahi aanee samajvad yanchyatil dhruvikaran karoon, markschya drushtikonakade durlaksh kelyabaddal, kattar marksvadavar aanee visheshtah tyache sansthapak carl kautsky yanchyavar teeka kelee, assa dawa keela qee kautsky yanni samajvad sadhya karnyasathi sansadiy lokshahichya bhoomikevar markschya bharakade durlaksh kele tasech kautsky yanni rajya samajvadachya aadarshikaranabaddal teeka kelee. bernstein aanee tyachya sudharanavadi gatache aarop asoonahi, kautskine samajvadachya sadhyat lokshahichi bhoomika nakarli nahee kaaran markschee sarvahara vargachi hukumshahi haah assa sarkarcha prakar navhata jyane lokshahi nakarli, assa tikakaranni dawa keela hota, parantu jarr sarvahara vargachi satta aalee aanee tyala hinsak pratikriyavadi virodhkanshi ladhave lagale tarr marxla apekshit asaleli hii paristhiti nirman hoil.
bernsteincha marks aanee engels yanchyashi jawalcha sambandh hota, parantu tyane marxian vicharanmadhye truti pahilya aanee jevha tyane marxian bhautikvadi itihasachya siddhantacha tapas keela aanee tyala aavhan dile tevha asha prakarchi teeka suru jhaali. tyane hegelian tattvamimansashastravar aadharit marxian siddhantache mahattvapoorn bhag nakarle aanee hegelian dvandvatmak drushtikon dekhil nakarla. marks aanee engels yanni tyanchya tarunyat lihilelya 'communist jahiranamyat' udaharanadakhal, marks aanee engels yanni lihilelya 'communist jahiranamyat', jyachya hinsak blankvist pravrutti mhanoon tyanni jyacha virodh keela, aanee nantar marksvad haah tyancha paripakv prakar hota, jyala tyanni pathimba deela, asey bernstein yanni suruvatichya marksvadamadhye farak keela. bernsteinne ghoshit kele qee 'communist jahiranamyat' dawa kelela prachand aanee eksandh kamgar varg astitvat nahee. sarvahara bahusankhyakanchya udayas yenyachya davyanchya ulat, madhyamvarg bhandavalshahichya kalat vadhat hota aanee marksney dawa kelyapramane nahisa hott navhata. bernsteinne namood kele qee kamgar varg eksandh asanyaivaji, too vividh prakarcha hota, jyamadhye samajvadi aanee bigger-samajvadi kamgar sanghatanansah phoot aanee gut hote. atirikt mulyache siddhant" yaa tyanchya pustakat, marksney swatah nantarchya aayushyat kabool kele qee madhyamvarg nahisa hott navhata, parantu "samyavadi jahiranamyachya" lokpriyatemule aanee "atirikt mulyachya siddhantanchya" sapeksh aspashtatemule yaa trutichi tyanchi kabuli farshi dnyat nahee.
bernsteinne marksvadachya "aparivartaniy varg sangharsh" yaa sankalpanevar aanee marksvadachya udarmatvadaprati asalelya shatrutvavar teeka kelee. udarmatvadi lokshahivadi aanee samajik lokshahivadi yanchyat samaan aadhar aahet, jyacha vapar 'samajvadi prajasattak' tayar karnyasathi keela jaau shakato, assa dawa karoon tyanni udarmatvadavaril markschya bhoomikes aavhan dile. tyancha assa vishvas hota qee, kayadeshir sudharana aanee aarthik punarvitaran karyakramandware burjuva aanee sarvahara yanchyatil aarthik vargachi vishamata haloohaloo door hoil. bernsteinne sarvharachya hukumshahiche marxian tattva nakarle aanee assa dawa keela qee haloohaloo honanya lokshahi sudharananmule kamgar vargache haqq sudhartil. bernsteinchya matey, samajik lokshahine burjuva samajapasun vegala samajvad nirman karnyacha prayatna keela nahee, tarr tyaeivaji pashchatya manavtavadavar aadharit eka samaan vikas nirman karnyacha prayatna keela. samajik lokshahi antargat samajvadacha vikas haah vidyaman samaj aanee tyachya sanskrutik paramparanna uddhvast karnyacha prayatna karat nahee, tarr vistar aanee vadhicha upkram mhanoon kaam karato. shivay, varg sangharshapeksha samajvad sadhya karnyasathi varg sahkarya haah eka adhik changla marg aahe, asey tyanche mutt hote.
bernsteinne tikakaranna uttar dile qee too marksvadacha naash karat nahee aanee tyaeivaji too dawa keela qee too tyache aadhunikikaran karat aahe kaaran "markschya siddhantache mahattvache bhag tyachya junya upkarananpasun vegale karane aavashyak aahe". tyanni 'vaidnyanikdrushtya aadharit' samajvadi chalvalichya marxian sankalpanela pathimba darshavala aanee asey mhatale qee asha chalvalichi uddishte 'vastunishtha purava denyas saksham dnyan, mhanje anubhavjanya dnyan aanee tarkshastrashivay dusare kahihi naan sanganare aanee tyachyashi susangat asalele dnyan' tyanusar nishchit kelee gelee pahijet. marksvadi chalvalitil hathdharmitvala bernsteincha tivra virodh hota. mishra arthvyavastha swikarat asoonahi, bernstein kalyankari rajya dhoranambaddal sanshayi hote, teey upayukt aahet asey manat, parantu shevati bhandavalshahichya jaagi samajvad aananyachya mukhya samajik lokshahi dhyeyachya duyyam hote, yaa bhitimule qee berojgaranna rajya madat kelyas kadachit naveen swarupachi manjuri miloo shakel.
krantikari samajvadache pratinidhitva karananya rosa luxembergne bernsteinchya sudharanavadacha aanee sudharanavadacha 'samajik lokshahitil sandhisadhu' varr aadharit asalyabaddal tivra nishedh keela. luxembergne bernsteinchya dhorananchi tulana marksvadi aanee sandhisadhu "practicker" ("vyavhariktavadi") yanchyatil vadashi kelee. tine bernsteinchya utkrantivadachya samajvadacha "marksvadache lahan-burjuva ashlilikaran" mhanoon nishedh keela aanee dawa keela qee bernsteinchya brittenmadhil haddapar jhalelya varshanmule too germanytil paristhitishi parichit jhaala nahee, jithe too utkrantivad samajvadala protsahan dett hota. luxembergne samajik lokshahila eka krantikari marksvadi panth mhanoon tikavoon thevanyacha prayatna keela. kautsky aanee luxemberg yaa doghannihi bernsteinchya vidnyanachya tattvadnyanacha nishedh keela aanee kantian tatvik dwaitvadasathi hegelian dvandvavadacha tyag kelyabaddal doshpurn asalyache mhatale. russian marksvadi george plekhanov yanni kautsky aanee luxemberg yanna sameel houn bernsteinla nava-kantian tattvadnyan asalyabaddal nishedh keela. kautsky aanee luxemberg yanni assa yuktivad keela qee bernsteinchya anubhavvadi drushtikonanni samajik nirikshakanche avmoolyan aanee itihasikaran kele aanee vastoo tathyanparyant qamee kelya. luxembergne bernsteinla naitik samajvadi lokanshi jodale, jyanna tyanni burjuva aanee kantian udarmatvadashi sambandhit asalyache olakhale.
markschya 'daad class struggle inn france' yaa 1895chya aavruttichya parichayat, englesney, sarvahara vargane sattevar krantikari kabja karane heey eka dhyey rahile pahije assa vishvas kayam thevat, haloohaloo aanee utkrantivadi samajvadi upayayojanancha samavesh asalelya nivadanuk rajkaranachya alpakalin davpechanchya bajoone asalyache ghoshit karoon, marksvadi chalvalitil kramik sudharak aanee krantikarak yanchyatil phoot sodavanyacha prayatna keela. englesney kramikata aanee kranti villin karnyacha haah prayatna keela asala taree, tyachya prayatnanmule kramikata aanee kranticha farak qamee jhaala aanee tyacha parinam sanshodhanvadyanchi sthitee majboot karnyacha jhaala. leey figaro' yaa french vruttapatratil engelschya vidhananmadhye, jyat tyanni lihile hote qee 'kranti' aanee 'tathakathit samajvadi samaj' yaa nishchit sankalpana navhatya, tarr tyaeivaji satat badalatya samajik ghatana hotya aanee assa yuktivad keela qee yamule 'aamhi samajvadi serve utkrantivadi' banalo, tyamule engels utkrantivadi samajvadakade aakarshit hott aahet yaa sarvajanik samajela chalana midali. engels yanni assa yuktivadahi keela qee, asha velee sattevar krantikari kabja karnyabaddal bolane 'aatmahatya' tharel, jevha aitihasik paristhitine sattechya sansadiy margala anukulata darshavili aahe, jyacha tyanni andaj vartavala hota qee, '1898 chya suruvatilach samajik lokshahi sattet yeu shakate. aitihasik paristhiti krantila anukool nahee assa dawa karat, kramik, utkrantivadi aanee sansadiy yuktya ughadpane swikaranyachya engelschya bhoomikemule gondhal nirman jhaala. engels sansadiy sudharanavadi aanee kramik bhoomika swikaranyachya dishene vatchal karat aahet asey soochit karat bernsteinne yacha arth lavala, parantu vishisht paristhitila pratisad mhanoon engelschee bhoomika samarik hotee aanee engels ajunahi krantikari samajvadasathi vachanbaddha hote yakade tyanni durlaksh kele.
francemadhil varg sangharsh' yaa tyachya naveen aavrutticha parichay bernstein aanee kautsky yanni asha prakare sampadit keela hota qee jyamule too samajvadachya shantatapurn margacha samarthak banala aahe ashee dharana nirman jhaali hotee, heey jevha tyala kalale tevha engels khoop dukkhi jhaala. lokshahichi ladhai" heey pahile paul mhanoon jinkanyavar samyavadi jahiranamyat bharr denyat aala hota, yavar prakash taktana, engels yanni kautsky yanna tyanchya mrutyuchya chaar mahine aadhi, 1 april 1895 roji pudhil patra lihileh "aaj 'voreverts' madhye majhya 'parichay' chaa eka ansh pahoon mallah aashchary vatale, joou majhya nakalat chhapala gela hota aanee mallah 'kwand meme' chya kayadesheeratecha shantatapriy samarthak mhanoon sadar karnyasathi asha prakare fasavala gela hota. heey serve aanakhi kaaran aahe qee mallah heey "nyu zeat" madhye sampurnatah disave asey vatate jenekarun hii apmanaspad chhap mitavali jaau shakel. mea tyabaddal kaay vichar karato yabaddal mea nihsanshaypane libcneckla sodato aanee tech lagoo hote, jyanni, teey kona asale taree, tyanna majhya matanmadhye badal karanyachi hii sandhee dilee aanee tyahoon adhik, tyabaddal mallah eka shabdahi naan bolata."
1897 madhye brittenmadhye fabian societyla 'marksney kharokhar kaay shikavale' yaa shirshakakhali vyakhyan dilyanantar, bernsteinne orthodoxvadi marksvadi august belala eka patra lihile, jyamadhye tyane ughad kele qee vyakhyanat tyane jeey sangitale tyachyashi tyala virodhabhas vatat aahe tasech marksvadachya punravloknababat tyacha hetu ughad keela. bernsteincha arth assa hota qee, marksney, tyachya antargat virodhabhasanmule bhandavalshahi arthvyavastha kosalel asey gruheet dharane chukiche hote, kaaran 1890 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant asha antargat virodhabhasanmule bhandavalshahila heey jhaale asey farse purave navhate. vyavharat, ess. pii. dii. neey "eka sanshodhanvadi paksh mhanoon vagat aanee tyach velee, sanshodhanvadacha nishedh keela; kranticha upadesh karane aanee sudharanancha sarav karane suru thewale", tyachya "saiddhantik marksvad" asoonahi. ess. pii. dii. haah sudharanancha paksh banala, jyamadhye samajik lokshahi "lokshahi aanee aarthik sudharananchya madhyamatoon samajachya samajvadi parivartanasathi prayatna karananya pakshache" pratinidhitva karate. 20 vya shatkatil samajik lokshahi samajoon ghenyasathi heey kendrabindu asalyache varnan kele gele aahe.
germanychya samajvadi kamgar pakshachya (ess. aii. pii. dii.) 1899chya hannover pakshachya parishadet sudharana kinwa krantichya bajoone asalelya dhorananvaril vaad charchevar varchasva gajavala. haah muddah francemadhil hajaro kotee rupayanchya prakarananmadhye visheshtah thalak jhaala hota, jyamadhye alekzandar millrandche swatantra samajvadi tyanchya pakshachya netrutvacha pathimba naan gheta pantpradhan waldeck-raso yanchya bigger-samajvadi aanee udarmatvadi sarkarmadhye sameel jhaale hote. millrandchya krutimule dusya aantarrashtriy krantikari samajvadi lokanmadhye aakrosh nirman jhaala, jyat arajaktavadi davkhura aanee jewels guessede yanchya krantikari marksvadyancha samavesh hota. sudharana kinwa krantivaril yaa vivadanna pratisad mhanoon, 1900 chya dusya aantarrashtriy parris congressne yaa vadacha todga jaheer keela jyamadhye gausedechya maganya anshatah swikarlya gelya hotya, kautskine tayar kelelya tharavat ghoshit kele hote qee ekoon samajvadi lokanni bigger-samajvadi sarkarmadhye bhag gheu naye, parantu "kamgar vargachya kamgiriche sanrakshn" pradan karnyasathi aavashyak asalyas tyanni yaa niyamala apavad dile.
samajik lokshahivar prabhav taknari aanakhi eka pramukh vyakti mhanje french sanshodhanvadi marksvadi aanee sudharanavadi samajvadi jeane jorres. dusya aantarrashtriy parishadechya 1904 chya adhiveshanat, joresne kautskicha margdarshak, orthodox marksvadi august bail yala tyachya akhand samajvadi davpechanna protsahan denyababat aavhan dile. vividh rajkiy vyavasthanmule konatahi susangat samajvadi munch vegvegalya deshanna aanee pradeshanna samanpane lagoo houu shakat nahee assa dawa tyanni keela, tyaa velee belchi germanychi matrubhoomi atishay hukumshaha hotee aanee tyat maryadit sansadiy lokshahi hotee. jorres yanni germanytil sarkarmadhil samajvadachya maryadit rajkiy prabhavachi tulana francemadhye tyachya majboot sansadiy lokshahimule samajvadala midalelya lakshaniy prabhavashi kelee. tyanni assa dawa keela qee germany aanee france yanchyatil rajkiy farkanchya udaharanane heey dakhavun dile qee vividh deshanche rajkiy matbhed pahata akhand samajvadi davpech ashakya hote. darmyan, austreliyan kamgar pakshane 1910 madhye jagatil pahile kamgar pakshache sarkar tasech rashtriy staravar jagatil pahile samajik lokshahi sarkar sthapan kele. yapurvi, criss watson 1904 madhye kahee mahinyansathi pantpradhan hote, jeey lokshahi paddhatine sarkarche pramukh mhanoon nivadoon aalelya pahilya samajvadi pakshache pratinidhitva karat hote.
samajvadi chalvalichya vikasat lakshaniy adthala aananare done laal bhitiche kaal asoonahi, samajik lokshahi dhorananche samarthan karnare kinwa samarthan karnare davya vicharsaraniche paksh aanee kamgar aanee kamgar sanghatana chalvali lokpriy aahet aanee american rajkaranat tyancha prabhav padat aahet. yamadhye 1912,1924 aanee 1948 chya purogami chalvalicha aanee tyanchya navachya pakshancha samavesh hota, jyat majee republican theodor roozveltchya purogami adhyakshiy mohimene lokpriy matancha id1 jinkla, 1912 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit adhyaksh william howard taftchya 23.2% chya republican mohimechya tulanet, jeey shevati purogami lokshahi umedvar vudro willsonne jinkale, jyamule roozvelt haah amerikechya itihasat tisya pakshacha ekmev adhyakshiy umedvar banala jyane mothya pakshachya adhyakshiy umedvarachya tulanet lokpriy matancha jaast vaataa midavala. yavyatirikt, milwauki shaharache netrutva phrank zedler, emil seedel aanee daniele hohn yaa amerikechya samajvadi pakshachya lokshahi samajvadi mahapouranchya malikene kele aahe.
samajvadi pakshache amerikeche adhyakshapadache umedvar yujen wii. pahilya mahayuddhala virodh kelyamule tyaa velee swatah debbs yanna kathit deshdrohachya aaropakhali turungat taknyat aale asale taree, debbs yanna 1912 chya rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukit lokpriy matanpaiki 5.99% midale, agadi 1920 chya rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukit sumare daha laakh matey jinkanyatahi teey yashasvi jhaale. willsonche naveen swatantryache tattvadnyan mothya pramanat vyaktivadi asale taree, willsoncha vastavik karyakram theodor roozveltchya kalpananchya adhik pitrusattak aadarshanshi samya asalela hota, jase qee naveen rashtravad, tyachya purvichya chauras karar tattvadnyanacha vistar, nyayadhishanvar niyantran thevanyachi kalpana vagaloon. yavyatirikt, robbert emm. laa follet aanee robbert emm. laa follet junier. 1924 teey 1934 paryant wisconsinchya rajkaranavar varchasva gajavale. yaat 1892 teey 1960 yaa kalat wisconsinmadhye kendrit asalelya samajvadi chalvalisathi moolatah apmanaspad shabd 'sandapani samajvad' samavisht hota. 1932 chya milwauki samajvadi aanee shaharatil utkrusht sarvajanik sandapani vyavasthebaddal tyanni satatyane abhiman balgat asalelya bhashananvar bhashya mhanoon samajvadi pakshachya milwauki adhiveshanat mauris hillqvit yanni too tayar keela hota. hillqvit 1932 chya adhiveshanat samajvadi pakshachya rashtriy adhyakshapadasathi milwalkiche mahapour danne hone yanchyavirodhat ladhat hota aanee tyaa sandarbhat upman nirman jhaala asava.
pahile mahayuddha, kranti aanee prati-kranti (1914-1929).
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila europechya mahan shaktinmadhil tanav vadhala, tevha germanychi itar shaktimbarobarchi shastrastra sharyat mothya european yuddhachi shakyata vadhavat aahe ashee bheeti bernsteinla hotee. archduke franz ferdinandchya hatyechya eka mahina aadhi, 27 julai 1914 roji jevha pahile mahayuddha suru jhaale tevha bernsteinchi bheeti shevati bhavishyasuchak asalyache siddha jhaale. pahile mahayuddha suru jhalyanantar lagechach, bernsteinne lebber partyche nete ramse mcdonald yanna bhetanyasathi germanyhoon brittoncha pravas keela. jaree donhi desh ekmekanshi yuddh karat asale, taree bernsteinne yuddhachya udrekala mothya nirashane pahile, taree baithakit tyancha sanman karnyat aala. dusya aantarrashtriy sanghachi ekata surakshit karnyasathi bernstein aanee itar samajik lokshahivadyanni prayatna kele asale taree, yuddhat asalelya deshanmadhil rashtriy tanav vadhalyane, 1914 madhye dusra aantarrashtriy sangh kosalala. yuddhavirodhi ess. pii. dii. chya sadasyanni yuddhala pathimba denyasathi german sarkarla dilya jaananya aarthik madatila nakar deela. tathapi, friedrich ebert, gustav noske aanee phillip skideman yanchya netrutvakhalil ess. pii. dii. sadasyanchya rashtravadi-sudharanavadi gatane yuddhala pathimba deela aanee assa yuktivad keela qee germanyla "zarvadi hukumshahichya nashapasoon" "tyachya pradeshik sanrakshanacha adhikar aahe".
yuddhala pathimba denyachya ess. pii. dii. chya nirnayavar, bernsteinchya samarthan denyachya nirnayasah, german sarkarne german lokanshi khote bolalyache yaa vastusthiticha motha prabhav padala kaaran germanyne rashiyaviruddha yuddh ghoshit karnyache ekmev kaaran russia purv rashiyavar aakraman karanyachi tayari karat hota, jevha pratyakshat tase navhate. jorres yanni yuddhat francechya hastakshepala virodh keela aanee shantatavadi bhoomika ghetali, parantu lavkarach 31 julai 1914 roji french rashtravadi raul khalnayakane tyanchi hatya kelee. bernsteinla lavkarach yuddhavar raag aala aanee aktoobar 1914 paryant german sarkarchya yuddh aparadhbhavachi khatri patali aanee tyane yuddhavirodhi bhoomika ghenyasathi ess. pii. dii. laa dabav aananyasathi ekatra yenyasathi ess. pii. dii. chya rudhivadi marksvadyanshi sampark sadhala. kautskine bernsteinberoberche aapale matbhed bajula saranyacha aanee yuddhala virodh karnyasathi sainyat sameel honyacha prayatna keela aanee kautskine eka drudh yuddhavirodhi samarthak banalyabaddal tyache kautuk kele, asey mhanat qee jaree bernsteinne purvi nagri aanee udarmatvadi prakarchya rashtravadala pathimba deela asala taree tyachya vachanbaddha yuddhavirodhi bhoomikemule too "samajik lokshahichya aantarrashtriyavadi kalpanecha manak-vahak" banala. ebertchya netrutvakhalil ess. pii. dii. netrutvachya rashtravadi bhoomikene maghar ghenyas nakar deela.
brittenmadhye, british kamgar paksh yuddhamule vibhajit jhaala. lebber partyche nete ramse mcdonald heey brittonne germanyviruddha kelelya yuddhachya ghoshanecha nishedh karananya mojkya british khasdaranpaiki eka hote. mcdonald haah german samarthak aanee shantatavadi asalyacha aarop karoon yuddh samarthak prasarmadhyamanni tyacha nishedh keela, heey donhi aarop tyane nakarle. kamgar pakshatil yuddh samarthak bhavnanna pratisad mhanoon mcdonaldne tyachya netrutvacha rajinama deela aanee swatantra kamgar pakshashi swatahla jodale. arther henderson heey kamgar pakshache naveh nete banale aanee tyanni pantpradhan esquith yanchya yuddh sarkarmadhye cabinet mantri mhanoon kaam kele. rashiyatil 1917 chya februwari krantinantar, jyamadhye rashiyatil zarvadi shasson ulthavoon taknyat aale, mcdonaldne juuna 1917 madhye russian tatpuratya sarkarla bhet dilee, rashiyache yuddhala virodh karnyasathi aanee shantata prasthapit karnyasathi tyanna patvoon denyacha prayatna keela. russia punha rajkiy hinsacharat budalyanantar, jyachya parinami aktoobar kranti jhaali, jyamadhye bolshevikanni vladimir leninchya sattevar yenyache netrutva kele, yuddhaviruddha russian tatpurte sarkarla ekatra aananyache tyanche prayatna ayashasvi jhaale.
jaree mcdonaldne bolshevikanchya rajkiy hinsacharala aanee sattevar yenyala "rashiyatil arajakatechya dhokyacha" ishara deuun gambhir pratisad deela, taree tyane bolshevik sarkarla yuddhachya shevataparyant rajkiy pathimba deela kaaran tyala vatale qee lokshahi aantarrashtriyavad punarujjivit keela jaau shakato. pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan british kamgar pakshache kamgar sanghataneshi sanlagn sadasyatva vadhale. sidney vebchya madatine, hendersonne kamgar pakshasathi eka naveen sanvidhan tayar kele jyamadhye tyanni 1918 madhye navyane sthapan jhalelya gret brittonchya communist pakshacha pathimba gamavoo naye yachee khatri karnyasathi eka majboot davya vicharsaranicha munch swikarla, jyache udaharan sanvidhanachya kalam 4 madhye dile aahe.
februwari 1917 madhye rashiyatil zarvadi rajvatichya ulthapalathicha germanytil rajkaranavar parinam jhaala kaaran tyamule ebert aanee itar yuddh samarthak ess. pii. dii. sadasyanni vaparleli kayadeshirata sampushtat aalee, jee germany pratikriyavadi russian sarkarviruddha yuddhat hotee. zarcha padav jhalyanantar aanee russiamadhye krantikari samajvadi aandolan vadhalyane asha ghatanancha germanytil samajvadi lokanvar prabhav padala. yuddhatil rationchya darmyan germanymadhye bhakarichi vadhati tanchai asalyane april 1917 madhye 300,000 aandolakanni berlinmadhye sampat bhag ghet samoohik sump suru jhaale. russiamadhye kelyapramane, aandolakanni bhakari, swatantrya, shantata aanee kamgar parishadanchi sthapana karanyachi magani kelee. german janatechya gadaroladarmyan, reachstagmadheel purogami aanee catholic kamgar chalvalisah ess. pii. dii. neey 19 julai 1917 roji shantata tharav mandala, jyamadhye yuddh sampavanyasathi tadjodicha shantata tharav mandanyat aala, joou reachstagmadheel bahusankhya sadasyanni manjur keela. german hayakmandne shantata tharawala virodh keela, parantu tyane rashiyabarobarche yuddh sampavanyacha prayatna keela aanee 1918 madhye bolshevik sarkarla breast-litovskcha taha sadar keela, joou ateenna sahmat jhaala aanee reachstagne karar manjur keela, jyat ess. pii. dii., purogami aanee catholic rajkiy chalvalicha pathimba samavisht hota.
1918 chya uttaradhat germanychi yuddh paristhiti nirashajanak jhaali hotee aanee kaisar wilheim dusra yanchyavar shantata prasthapit karnyasathi dabav taknyat aala hota. wilheim dusra yane naveen mantrimandalachi niyukti kelee jyat ess. pii. dii. sadasyancha samavesh hota. tyach velee, shahee naudal kamand british shahee naudalachya virodhat viratapoorn shevatchi bhoomika bajavanyacha nirdhar karat hotee. 24 aktoobar 1918 roji, tyanni german naudlala samna karnyasathi ravana honyache aadesh dile, parantu navikanni nakar deela, parinami keel bund jhaale. keel bandamule kranti jhaali. lashkari apayash aanee kranticha samna kartana, badencha rajkumar maximilianne rajinama deela, jyamule ess. pii. dii. neta ebertla kulpatiche padd midale. tyanantar lagechach dusya vhihalmane german sinhasanacha tyag keela aanee german uchch kamandache adhikari paul wonn hindenberg aanee erich ludendorff yanni chehara vachavanyasathi yuddh sampavanyas nakar dett rajinama deela, jyamule ebert sarkar aanee ess. pii. dii. bahusankhya reichstag yanna mitrapakshanshi apariharya shantata sadhanyas aanee yuddh gamavalyabaddal dosh ghenyas bhag padale gele. wilhelm II chya padatyaganantar, ebertney germanyla prajasattak ghoshit kele aanee 11 november 1918 roji pahile mahayuddha sampavnanya yuddhaviramavar swakshari kelee. germanytil naveen samajik lokshahi sarkarla berlinmadhye spartacist leag mhanoon olakhalya jaananya samyavadi krantikarkanchya chalvalidware rajkiy hinsacharala samore jaave lagale, jyanni german sarkarla ulthoon rashiyatil lenin aanee bolshevikanchya karyachi punaravrutti karnyacha prayatna keela. ebertney german sainyat twarit sudharana karnyas nakar dilyane ebertchya netrutvakhalil bahusankhya samajik lokshahivadi viruddha swatantra samajik lokshahi pakshache (yuu. ess. pii. dii.) prabal davya vicharsaraniche ghatak aanee communist yanchyatil tanavamule jaanevarit navyane sthapan jhalelya germanychya communist pakshane (keey. pii. dii.) aanee yuu. ess. pii. dii. neey vaadh kelee, jyat communistanni kamgaranche mothe pradarshan jamvale. ess. pii. dii. neey pratyuttar mhanoon prati-nidarshane kelee jee sarkarla pathimba darshavinyasathi prabhavi hotee aanee yuu. ess. pii. dii. neey lavkarach vadhis dilela pathimba mage ghetala. tathapi, communistanni bund suruch thewale aanee 12 teey 28 janewari 1919 darmyan communist sainyane berlinmadhil anek sarkari imaratinvar taba midavala. ebertney pratyuttar dett sanrakshn mantri gustav noske yanni communistanshi ladhanyasathi aanee sarkarla surakshit karnyasathi nishthavan sainikanchi jababdari swikaravi ashee vinanti kelee. ebert communistanchya hathdharmyatevar santapt jhaala aanee mhanala qee tyala "kattarpanthi lokanna eka dhada shikavayacha aahe joou teey kadhihi visarnar naheet".
communistanshi ladhanyasathi utsuk asalelya freecorps mhanoon olakhalya jaananya bahutek pratikriyavadi majee sainikanchya gatanna ekatra aananyat noske saksham hota. jevha bharati kelelya freecorpsney kamgaranvar hinsak hallah chadhavala aanee communist nete carl libkneck aanee rosa luxemberg yanchi hatya kelee tevha paristhiti lavkarach purnapane niyantranabaher gelee. sarkarne punha niyukt kelelya freecorpsney samyavadi krantikarkanvar kelelya atyacharanmule ess. pii. dii. chee pratishtha white prakare kharab jhaali aanee pratikriyavadi shaktincha aatmavishvas majboot jhaala. asey asoonahi, 1919 chya sanghiy nivadanukit ess. pii. dii. laa sarvadhik jaaga jinkata aalya aanee ebert germanyche adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale. tathapi, ess. pii. dii. sarkarne niyukt kelelya "freecorps" dware kelelya atyacharanna pratisad mhanoon yuu. ess. pii. dii. neey sarkarla pathimba denyas nakar deela.
berlinmadhil ashantatemule, naveen german prajasattakachya sanvidhanacha masuda weimer shaharat haatee ghenyat aala aanee pudhil rajkiy yugala weimer prajasattak mhanoon sambodhale jaate. naveen sarkarchi sthapana kelyanantar, adhyaksh ebert yanni tyanchya aaghadi sarkarchya udarmatvadi sadasyanna wimer sanvidhan tayar karnyasathi sahkarya kele aanee arthvyavasthechya kahee kshetranchya rashtriyikaranacha karyakram suru karnyacha prayatna keela. rajkiy ashantata aanee hinsachar suruch rahila aanee krantikari spartacistshy ladhanyasathi atee-ujavya aanee prati-krantikari freecorps miliciajchya madativar sarkarche satat avalambun rahilyane ess. pii. dii. sathee sambhavya davya vicharsaranicha pathimba aanakhi vegala jhaala. juuna 1919 madhye ess. pii. dii. yutee sarkarne vharsaychya tahatil kathor shantata ateenna manyata dilyane german hakkanna raag aala, jyat purvi spartacistshi ladhanyasathi sarkarla sahkarya karnyas tayar asalelya freecorpscha samavesh hota. march 1920 madhye, wolfgang cap aanee majee german lashkari pramukh erich ludendorff yanchya netrutvakhalil ujavya vicharsaranichya lashkari gatane german sarkarviruddha cap puch mhanoon olakhalya jaananya kahee kalasathi yashasvi uthav suru keela, parantu shevati bund ayashasvi jhaale aanee sarkar punarsanchayit jhaale. 1920 chya german federal nivadanukit, frecorpshee tyanchya purvichya sambandhanmule ess. pii. dii. chaa matancha vaataa lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala.
pahilya mahayuddhanantar, yuddhatil rashtriy vibhaganidarmyan kosalalelya dusya aantarrashtriy vimanachi punarbandhani karnyasathi jaagtik staravar anek prayatna karnyat aale. 1921 madhye sthapan jhalelya vienna internationalne samajik lokshahivadyansaha sudharanavadi samajvadi aanee communistance krantikari samajvadi, visheshtah menshevik yanchyatil daree door karnyacha prayatna keela. tathapi, lavkarach eka sankat nirman jhaale jyat rashtradhyaksh noe zordania yanchya netrutvakhalil samajik lokshahi sarkarchya netrutvakhalil georgia naveen desh samavisht hota, jyane 1918 madhye swatahla rashiyapasoon swatantra ghoshit kele hote aanee jyachya sarkarla anek samajik lokshahi pakshanni manyata dilee hotee. vienna internationalchya sthapana baithakit, zordaniahun taar yenyane charcha viskalit jhaali, jyat mhatale hote qee georgia bolshevik rashiyakadoon aakraman kele jaat aahe. aantarrashtriy sansthanachya baithakila upasthit asalele pratinidhi, visheshtah rashiyacha bolshevik pratinidhi mechslav bronsky, jyanni yavar vishvas thevanyas nakar deela aanee yachee pushti midvanyasathi baithakitun nighun gele, teey aashcharyachakit jhaale. pushti jhalyanantar, bronsky baithakila paratala nahee.
vienna aantarrashtriy sanghakadun ekoon pratisad vibhagalela hota. menshevikanni vienna internationalne georgiachya virodhatil russiachya aakramanacha twarit nishedh karanyachi magani kelee, parantu german pratinidhi alfried henke yanni pratinidhitva kelelya bahusankhyanni savadhgiri balganyacha prayatna keela aanee pratinidhinni pushtisathi pratiksha karavi asey sangitale. russiachya georgiachya aakramanane, lenin aanee zordenia yanchyat jhalelya aakramanmukt kararache purnapane ullanghan kele tasech georgiache thet russian soviet sangharajya samajvadi prajasattakat vilinikaran karoon georgiachya sarvbhaumatvache ullanghan kele. chronstad bandamule bolshevik aanee samajik lokshahivadi yanchyatil tanav adhikach vadhala. rashiyatil bolshevik sarkarchya virodhat davya pakshanmadhye ashantata nirman jhalyamule heey ghadale. russian samajik lokshahivadyanni bolshevik rajvativiruddha samanya sump pukarnari patrake vitarit kelee aanee bolshevikanni bandkhoranna baljabarine dadapun pratyuttar dile.
1921 chya russian dushkalala aanee bolshevikanni tyanchya sarkarchya virodhavaril hinsak dadapshahila pratisad mhanoon samajik lokshahi chalval aanee bolshevik russia yanchyatil sambandh sampoorn vaimansyat utarale. anek samajik lokshahi paksh russiachya bolshevik rajvatibaddal, visheshtah germanychya ess. pii. dii. aanee netherlandschya soshal democratic worker party (ess. dii. aii. pii.) neey bolshevikancha samajvadala apavitra kelyabaddal nishedh keela aanee bolshevikanni "aaplya sarvottam sathidaranna baher kadhale, tyanna turungat takale aanee tyanna thaar marle" asey ghoshit kele. meey 1923 madhye, samajik lokshahivadi ekatra yeuun germanytil hamberg yethe sthapan jhalelya lebber andd socialist international (ell. ess. aay.) yaa tyanchya swatachya aantarrashtriy sanghatanechi sthapana kelee. ell. ess. aay. neey ghoshit kele qee tyache serve sanlagn rajkiy paksh tyanchya deshanchya antargat babimbabat swatache nirnay ghenyasathi svayatta rakhoon thevatil, parantu aantarrashtriy babinvar ell. ess. aay. laksh deil. ell. ess. aay. neey ell. ess. aay. laa facistvirodhi ghoshit karoon facismchya udayas aalelya samasyeche nirakaran kele. 1936 madhye lokshahi paddhatine nivadoon aalele prajasattak sarkar viruddha facist itali aanee nazi germanychya pathimbyane francisco francochya netrutvakhalil hukumshaha ujavya vicharsaranichya rashtravadyandarmyan spanish yadavi yuddh suru honyachya pratisadat, ell. ess. aay. chya karyakari samiteene keval spanish prajasattakala pathimba jaheer keela nahee tarr francochya rashtravadi shaktinshi ladhanyasathi shastre kharedi karnyacha adhikar asalelya spanish sarkarla pathimba deela. british lebber parties ell. ess. aay. shhee sanlagn pakshanni spanish prajasattakala aapala pathimba jaheer keela. ell. ess. aay. varr davikadoon teeka karnyat aalee qee, teey tyanchya facistvirodhi vaktavyanchi amalbajavani karnyat ayashasvi tharale.
mahamandiche yug aanee dusare mahayuddha (1929-1945).
1929 chya share bajarachya crashmule americet aarthik sankat suru jhaale, jeey jaagtik staravar pasarale aanee mahamandi banale, jyamule aarthik dhoran nirmitivar kholvar parinam jhaala. suvarn manakanche patan aanee mothya pramanavar berojgarichya udayamule anek sarkaranni berojgari qamee karnyasathi sthool aarthik rajya hastakshepachi garaj tasech kimmati sthir karnyasathi aarthik hastakshepachi garaj olakhali, joou eka proto-keynesianwad aahe jyala johnn menard keynes swatah lavkarach sarvajanikaritya samarthan deteel. anek samajik lokshahi pakshanni berojgarila pratisad denyasathi aanee chalanachya pravahavar samajik niyantran nirman karnyasathi aarthik payabhoot suvidha prakalpanmadhye bhareev guntavanukichi garaj jaheer kelee. shivay, samajik lokshahi pakshanni jaheer kele qee mahamandine rajyane bhareev sthool aarthik niyojanachi garaj darshavili aahe, tarr tyanchya mukt bajarpethechya virodhakanni yala tivra virodh keela. samajik lokshahi sarkaranni heey sadhya karnyache prayatna tyanchya deshanmadhye nairashyamule nirman jhalelya rajkiy asthiratemule ayashasvi tharale. british kamgar paksh antargatpane yaa dhorananmule vibhajit jhaala, tarr germanychya ess. pii. dii. sarkarla germanyche rajkaran hinsak nagri ashantatet rupantarit houn davyanna ujavya bajoone ubhe kele, jyamadhye nazi paksh janewari 1933 madhye sattet aala aanee pudhil baaraa varshansathi sansadiy lokshahi hinsakpane nasht kelee, asha dhorananchi amalbajavani karnyasathi vel navhata.
swedish soshal democratic party (sap) chya sthapanepasun teey 1925 madhye tyanchya mrutyuparyantche nete hajalmar branting yanni thampane sangitaleh "mallah vishvas aahe qee keval eka kranti tyanna madat karoo shakate asey mhananyapeksha, sudharananchya madhyamatoon baljabari karoon kamgaranna adhik fayda hoto jyamule tyanchi sthitee qamee hote aanee majboot hote". scandinaviatil anek samajik lokshahi pakshancha, visheshtah 1920 chya sarvatrik nivadanukitil sapacha vijay haah samajik lokshahisathi eka motha vikas hota. alpasankhyak sarkarmadhye nivadoon aalelya sapney eka samajikaran samitee tayar kelee jee samajik malki kinwa niyantranasah sarvottam khajgi upkramache sanyojan karoon, serve aavashyak naisargik sansadhane, audhyogik udyog, patt sanstha, vahtook aanee dalanvalan marganchya mothya pramanat samajikaranala pathimba denanya mishra arthvyavasthela pathimba dete. tyane yaa kshetranchya baher utpadan sadhananchya khajgi malkila parvanagi dilee.
1922 madhye, ramse mcdonald swatantra kamgar pakshatil tyanchya alpavadhichya karyakalanantar kamgar pakshachya netrutvat paratale. 1924 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit kamgar pakshane anek jaaga jinkalya aanee alpasankhyak sarkar mhanoon nivadoon aale, parantu sansadet bahumat midvanyasathi udarmatvadi pakshachya madatichi aavashyakta hotee. kamgaranchya virodhakanni pakshavar bolshevik sahanubhooticha khota aarop keela. pantpradhan mcdonald yanni yaa aaropanna pratyuttar detana sudharavadi kramikateprati pakshachya vachanbaddhatevar bharr deela aanee pakshatil kattarpanthi shakhela ughadpane virodh keela. kamgar alpasankhyak sarkarchi pahili aanee sarvat mahattvachi bandhilaki itar serve dhorananpeksha lokshahi aanee jababdar sarkar tikavoon thevane hii hotee yavar mcdonaldne bharr deela. mcdonaldne yavar bharr deela kaaran alpasankhyak sarkarmadhye mothe samajvadi kayade manjur karnyachya konatyahi prayatnamule naveen sarkar dhokyat yeil heey tyanna maheet hote kaaran puranmatvadi aanee udarmatvadi, jyanchyakade ektritpane bahusankhya jaaga hotya, teey tyala virodh kartil aanee avarodhit kartil. brittonchya 1921-1922 chya tivra mandinantar kamgar sattevar aale hote.
arthvyavastha purvavat houu lagalyane, british kamgar sanghatananni mandichya kalat tyanni kelelya kapatitoon tyanche vetan parat midvave ashee magani kelee. kamgar sanghatana lavkarach mcdonald sarkarbaddal tivra asamadhani jhalya aanee kamgar ashantata aanee bandar aanee railways vahtook kshetrat sump honyacha dhoka nirman jhaala. mcdonaldne paristhitila eka sankat mhanoon pahile, paristhiti ashich rahili tarr tyachya sarkarla sampabandicha vapar karava lagel assa ishara denyasathi unionshi aagau sallamasalat kelee. sarkar aanee sanghatananmadhil apekshit sangharsh talhala gela, parantu paristhitine kamgar sanghatananna mcdonald sarkarpasoon door kele, jyachi sarvat vadgrast krutee februwari 1924 madhye brittonne soviet unionla manyata dene hii hotee. 'delly mail' saha british puranmatvadi vruttapatranni, kamgar sarkarne soviet unionla manyata dilyane kamgaranna bolshevik samarthak sahanubhooti asalyache siddha jhaale assa dawa karoon laal bhitila protsahan denyasathi yacha vapar keela. 1924chya sarvatrik nivadanukit kamgarancha parabhav jhaala aanee eka puranmatvadi sarkar nivadoon aale. jaree mcdonaldla tyachya pakshachya netrutvasathi anek aavhanancha samna karava lagla asala, taree 1927 paryant kamgar paksh puranmatvadi sarkarcha saksham virodhi mhanoon sthir jhaala. mcdonaldne pakshasathi 'kamgar aanee rashtra' (1928) navacha eka naveen rajkiy karyakram jaaree keela. 1929 madhye kamgar sarkarkade paratale, parantu 1929 chya share bajarachya crashchya aarthik aapattila tyanna lavkarach samore jaave lagale.
1920 chya dashakat, ess. pii. dii. dhorankarte aanee marksvadi rudolph hilfording yanni ess. pii. dii. madhye lakshaniy dhoranatmak badal prastavit kele tasech samajik lokshahi aanee samajvadi siddhantavar prabhav padala. hilfording heey samajik lokshahi chalvalichya aat aanee baher donhi bajunche eka prabhavshali marksvadi samajvadi hote, tyanchya 'samrajyavad' yaa pustikene 1910 chya dashkatil leninchya swatachya samrajyavadachya sankalpanevar prabhav padala. 1920 chya dashakapurvi, hilfordingne jaheer kele qee bhandavalshahi 'leices-phair' bhandavalshahichya palikade, jyala teey sanghatit bhandavalshahi mhanatat, tyat vikasit jhaali aahe. sanghatit bhandavalshahi vittiy sansthanchya niyantranakhalil vishvast aanee gatanvar aadharit hotee, jeey yapudhe tyanchya deshachya rashtriy simanmadhye napha kamvoo shakat navhate aanee tyamule tikoon rahnyasathi niryat karane aavashyak hote, parinami samrajyavadala pathimba midala. hilfording yanni varnan kele qee suruvatichya bhandavalshahine swatahla shantatapurn aanee mukt vyaparavar aadharit mhanoon protsahan dile, tarr sanghatit bhandavalshahiche yug aakramak hote aanee teey mhanale qee, "manavatechya jaagi rajyachya samarthyachi aanee samarthyachi kalpana aalee". teey mhanale qee yacha parinam bhandavalshahimadhye prabhavi samoohikta nirman karnyacha jhaala aanee samajvadacha marg tayar jhaala.
mulat, sanghatit bhandavalshahichi jaaga samajvad ghenyachya hilfordingchya drushtikonatun, ektar/kinwa drushtikon gruheet dharnyat aanee sanghatit bhandavalshahi viruddha samajvad yanchyatil vinashkari sangharshachi apeksha karnyat atyant kathor hote. 1920 chya dashkaparyant, hilfording heey bhandavalshahichya haloohaloo honanya utkrantila samajvadat protsahan denyache anuyayi banale. tyanantar tyanni sanghatit bhandavalshahiche samajvadachya dishene takalele eka paul mhanoon kautuk kele aanee 1927 chya ess. pii. dii. congressmadhye sanghatit bhandavalshahi hii 'niyojit utpadanachya samajvadi tattvadvare mukt spardhechya bhandavalshahi tattwala badalanyapeksha qamee nahee' asey mhatale. teey pudhe mhanale qee, "hii samasya aaplya pidhisamor ubhi aaheh rajyachya madatine, janivpurvak samajik disha denyachya madatine, bhandavaldaranchya netrutvakhalil aanee sanghatit arthvyavasthela lokshahi rajyadvare nirdeshit arthvyavasthet rupantarit karane".
1930 chya dashkaparyant, samajik lokshahikade, udarmatvadi samajvadi paramparetil facistvirodhi aanee samajik lokshahivadi carlo rosselly yanchya prabhavakhali, mothya pramanat sudharvadi samajvadache pratinidhitva karnari aanee udarmatvadi lokshahila pathimba denari mhanoon pahile jaau lagale. samajvadache sadhan mhanoon krantiaivaji sudharanavadala samarthan deunahi, tyaa samajik lokshahivadyanni rashiyasarkhya udarmatvadi lokshahi sthapan karnyasathi rajkiy krantila pathimba deela hota aanee nirvasit aanee sansadet samajik lokshahi pakshanni germany, itali aanee spensarkhya facist rajyanchya baljabarine ulthapalathila pathimba deela hota. 1930 chya dashakat, ess. pii. dii. neey sanshodhanvadi marksvadapasun door udarmatvadi samajvadakade sankraman karnyas suruvat kelee. 1933 madhye nazinni pakshavar bandee ghatalyanantar, ess. pii. dii. neey sopeddware haddapar kele. 1934 madhye, sopedne ashee samagri prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee jee ess. pii. dii. udarmatvadi samajvadakade valat asalyache soochit karate. sopedmadhil udarmatvadi samajvadache pramukh samarthak curt geyar yanni jaheer kele qee soped heey weimer prajasattak samajik lokshahi, udarmatvadi-lokshahi samajvadachya parampareche pratinidhitva karate aanee asey mhatale qee soped heey samajvadachya rajkiy vastavadasaha ektrit kelelya paramparik udarmatvadi tattvanchya aaplya aadeshache palan karat hote. viilii brand haah eka samajik lokshahivadi aahe jyala udarmatvadi samajvadi mhanoon olakhale gele aahe.
1930 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant uraleli europemadhil ekmev samajik lokshahi sarkare scandinaviamadhye hotee. 1930 chya dashakat, majee swedish pantpradhan aanee sachiv aanee samajikaran samitiche adhyaksh ricard sandler aanee nills carleby yanchyasah anek swedish samajik lokshahi netrutva vyaktinni 1920 chya dashakat rabvilelya purvichya sapp samajikaran dhoranancha atishay tokacha asalyache nakarle. carlby aanee sandlerne samajik lokshahichi eka naveen sankalpana vikasit kelee, jyala nordic model mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyat haloohaloo samajikaran aanee krayshaktiche punarvitaran, shaikshanik sandhichi tartud aanee malmatta hakkanna pathimba dene aavashyak hote. nordic model khajgi udhyoganna yaa ativar parvanagi deil qee teey jyaa sansadhananchi vilhewat lavtat tee pratyakshat sarvajanik sadhan aahet aanee samajik kalyan hakkanchi eka vistrut shreni tayar karel yaa tattvache palan karate.
1932 chya naveen sap sarkarne santulit arthsankalpasathichya mageel sarkarchya sarvatrik vachanbaddhatechi jaaga kinesiyansarkhya vachanbaddhatesah ghetali, jyachya jaagi vyavasay chakrat santulit arthsankalp aanala gela. jaree ess. aii. pii. sarkaranmadhye mothee toot hotee, tarr naveen ess. aii. pii. sarkarne 1933 madhye rajya kharchat jordar vaadh jhalyanantar aanee parinami aarthik punarpraptinantar sweedenchi arthsankalpiy toot qamee kelee. sarkarne saat varshant sweedenchi arthsankalpiy toot door karanyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu tee toot door karnyasathi keval teen varshe lagali aanee 1936 teey 1938 yaa kalat sweedenmadhye arthsankalpiy adhishesh hota. tathapi, yaa dhoranavar teeka karnyat aalee kaaran arthsankalpiy toot door jhaali asatanahi sweedenmadhye mothya pramanat berojgari ajunahi eka samasya rahili hotee.
americet samajik lokshahi eka pramukh rajkiy shakti mhanoon udayala yet hotee. mexicomadhye 1920 teey 1930 yaa dashakat anek samajik lokshahi sarkare aanee adhyaksh nivadle gele. rashtradhyaksh lazarro cardenus aanee mexican krantichya pakshachya netrutvakhalil heey yaa kalatil sarvat mahattvache mexican samajik lokshahi sarkar hote, jyachya sarkarne krishi sudharana suru kelya jyamule vishal kuleen malmatta tutalya aanee shetkyanna malmatteche punarvitaran jhaale. samajik lokshahisathi sakhol vachanbaddha asatana, cardenus haah eka shrimant kutumbashi vaiyaktik sambandh asalyamule bhandavalshahi samarthak asalyabaddal aanee tyachya sarkarne meksikoche majee adhyaksh alvarro obregan yanchya malkichya malmattechya krishi sudharananpasun suut dilyamule bhrasht asalyabaddal tyachya davya virodhi pakshanni tyachyavar teeka kelee. 1920 chya dashakat christero yuddh suru jhalyanantar mexicomadhye rajkiy hinsachar vadhala, jyamadhye atee-ujavya pratikriyavadi maulavyanni mexicomadhye dharmnirpekshata prasthapit karnyacha prayatna karananya davya sarkarchya virodhat hinsak bandkhori kelee.
cardenaschya sarkarne spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan francisco francochya rashtravadyanna virodh kartana spainchya prajasattak sarkarla ughadpane pathimba deela aanee tyanni thampane sangitale qee mexico purogami aanee samajvadi aahe, communistance vividh prakarchya samajvadi lokansobat kaam karat aahe. joseph stallinne trotskila haddapar kelyanantar aanee tyala aanee tyachya anuyayanna thaar marnyacha prayatna kelyanantar, cardenschya kalat, meksikone spainmadhil nirvasit aanee communist bandkhor leone trotsky yanna sweekarle. cardenus yanni meksikochya kamgar chalvaliche haqq balkat kele, paradeshi teel companyanchya malmatteche (jee nantar paymax, mexicochi rashtriy petroleum company tayar karnyasathi vaparali gelee) rashtriyikaran kele aanee deshatil jamindaranchya khajgi sainyashi ladhanyasathi sashastr sainya tayar karanyachi parvanagi deuun jamindaranviruddhachya tyanchya sangharshat shetkyanna vadgrast samarthan dile. cardenschya krutimule ujavya vicharsaraniche aanee tivra ujavya vicharsaraniche pratikriyavadi tivra santapale kaaran mexico punha ekada gruhyuddhat utarel ashee bheeti hotee. tyanantar, tyanni meksikochya adhyakshapadacha rajinama deela aanee adhikarancha aanakhi virodh talhanyasathi, vyavsayik hitsambandhancha pathimba asalelya tadjod rashtrapatipadachya umedvar manuel evila camacho yanna pathimba deela.
canada aanee america heey pashchatya jagaat eka asamanya prakaran darshavtat. samajik lokshahi chalval asatana, donhi desh sanghiy staravar samajik lokshahi pakshadvare shasit navhate. herbert crolley, johnn davie aanee lester phrank ward sarkhya purogami vicharvantanni tasech franklin dii. sarkhya udarmatvadi rajkarnyanni swikarlelya samajik lokshahi dhorananmule american rajkaranat, "lokshahi samajvad" haah alikadech samajik lokshahicha samanarthi shabd banala. roozvelt, harry ess. truman aanee vudro willson, jyamule naveen karar yutee hii itaratra samajvadi nasoon, bhandavalshahichya davya vicharsaranichya sudharananche netrutva karnari mukhya sanstha bunley.
tyachpramane, canadatil kalyankari rajya canadachya udarmatvadi pakshane vikasit kele hote. tathapi, soshal democratic qoo-operative commonwealth federationla (see. see. eff.), joou soshal democratic nyu democratic partycha (aine. dii. pii.) purvavarti hota, prantiy canadachya rajkaranat lakshaniy yash midale. 1944 madhye, saskachevan see. see. eff. neey uttar americetil pahile samajvadi sarkar sthapan kele aanee tyache nete tommy douglus heey canadachya medicare navachya sarvatrik aarogya sevechya rashtravyapi pranalicha sweekar karnyasathi netrutva karnyasathi olakhale jaatat. aine. dii. pii. neey 2011 chya canadachya sarvatrik nivadanukit aataparyantcha sarvottam federal nivadanuk nikal midavala, 2015 chya canadachya sarvatrik nivadanukiparyant prathamach adhikrut virodhi paksh banala.
jaree udarmatvadi aanee aadhunik udarmatvadi american paramparet asale taree, franklin dii. roozveltchya adhik aamulagra, vyapak aanee lokpriy dusya naveen kararane vyavsayik samudayala aavhan dile. roman catholic rajkarani aanee majee rashtradhyakshapadache umedvar all smith yanchya netrutvakhalil puranmatvadi lokshahivadi lokanni american liberty ligsobat ladha deela, ruzveltvar kroorpane hallah keela aanee tyanchi aanee tyanchya dhorananchi tulana carl marks aanee vladimir lenin yanchyashi kelee. yamule roozveltla tyachya virodhakanna vegale karane aanee naveen kararala virodh karananya shrimant jamindar hitsambandhanshi tyanchi olakh patvane shakya jhaale, jyamule roozveltchi rajkiy rajdhani balkat jhaali aanee 1936 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit tyachya prachand vijayache eka pramukh kaaran banale. yaulat, 1935 chaa rashtriy kamgar sambandh kayada, jyala wagner kayada asehi mhanatat, "tyaa kalatil sarvat mahattvapoorn aanee aamulagra vidheyak", manjur jhalyanantarach kamgar bandkhori aanee kattartavadi sanghatanet vaadh jhaali. tyaa kamgar sanghatananna wagner kayada sammat jhalyamule, lakho naveen sadasyanchi nondani karoon aanee 1936,1940 aanee 1944 madhye roozveltchya adhyakshiy mohimanche pramukh samarthak banoon urja midali.
roozveltne 1934 madhye khajgiritya nondavale qee, "junya olitil prasarmadhyame rajya samajvadavar adhikadhik ragavtat aanee changlya junya divasankade paratanyachi magani karatat". 1936 chya maddison square garden bhashanat, roozveltne naveen karar suru thevanyache vachan dile aanee mahaa-manditoon rashtriy aarthik punarpraptivar tyancha lobh, vaiyaktik laabh aanee rajkaran karnanyanvar teeka kelee. bhashanat, roozveltne jyaa shaktinche varnan kele, tyanna 'shantateche june shatruh vyavasay aanee aarthik maktedari, andaj, beparva banking, vargavad, vargavad, yuddh napha' asey sambodhale aanee pudhe dawa keela qee yaa shakti tyanchya umedvarichya virodhat ekjoot jhalya hotya, 'heey', tyanchya majhyabaddalachya dveshat ekmat aahe-aanee mea tyanchya dveshache swagat karato. 1941 madhye, roozveltne tyachya chaar swatantryanchya dhyeyacha eka bhag mhanoon kamataratepasun swatantrya aanee bhitipasoon muktiche samarthan kele. 1944 madhye, roozveltne dusya haqq vidheyakache aavahan kele jyane kamgaransathi nokri aanee sarvatrik aarogyaseva milanyacha pratyek americanla adhikar yasarkhya anek samajik aanee aarthik adhikarancha vistar keela asata. 1944 saalee audhyogik sanghatananchya congresschya lokanchya karyakramadvare adhikaranche heey aarthik vidheyak eka aavaran mhanoon ghetale gele, jyache varnan yuddhanantarchya yugasathi "aakramak samajik lokshahi" asey kele gele aahe.
anek davya pakshankadun teeka kelee jaat asatana aanee mukhya pravahatil nirikshakankadun american bhandavalshahila samajvadi krantipasoon vachavale asalyache kautuk kele jaat asatana, anek communist, samajvadi aanee samajik lokshahivadi lokanni roozveltche kautuk kele aanee naveen kararala pathimba deela, jyat british lebber party aanee kamgar aantarrashtriyachya french vibhagasarkhya european samajik lokshahi pakshanche rajkarani aanee karyakarte yancha samavesh hota. samajik lokshahichi facismshee tulana karananya atee-davya sampradayik tisya kalkhandacha bhag mhanoon suruvatila naveen karar nakarlyanantar, communist aantarrashtriy pakshala 1935 paryant roozveltchya naveen kararache guna swikarave lagale aanee swikarave lagale. jaree roozveltvar teeka karat, tyanni kadhihi "aamchi aavashyak [sankalpana] samajvad swikarla nahee" assa yuktivad karat, samajvadi pakshache nete norman thomas yanni aarthik vyavasthechya sudharanansathichya roozveltchya karyakramakade lokshahi pakshachya vyaspithapeksha samajvadi pakshachya vyaspithache adhik pratibimb mhanoon pahile. thomas yanni manya kele qee ruzveltne 'purvi' samajvadi 'mhanoon olakhalya jaananya kalpana aanee prastavancha sweekar karoon kalyankari rajya nirman kele aanee 1900 madhye debspasoon suru houn aamchya manchanvar aavaj uthavala.
harry ess. 12 april 1945 roji roozveltchya mrutyunantarcha uttaradhikari truman yane, naveen karar suru thevanyasathi aanee vistarnyasathichya prastavancha eka mahatvakankshi sanch, nyayya kararacha bhag mhanoon sarvatrik aarogya seveche aavahan kele, parantu congressmadhil donhi pakshanchya tivra aanee drudh rudhivadi virodhamule asey dhoran lagoo honyapasoon rokhale gele. yojaneche tapasheel wagner-murre-dingel vidheyak banale, parantu teey kadhihi lagoo kele gele naheet kaaran yaa vidheykala congressmadhye kadhihi matdan dekhil midale nahee aanee trumanne nantar tyache varnan aaplya adhyakshapadachi sarvat mothee nirasha asey kele. british kamgar pakshane trumanchya nirashajanak vijayavar eka "anandadayi vidhan" jaaree kele. tyat mhatale aahe qee "[doubleu] eae asey suchavat naheet qee shree. truman samajvadi aahe. heey nemke kaaran aahe qee, yaa dhorananvar tyanni ladalele prabhutva mahattvache nahee. samanya manasachi seva karnyat bhandavalshahiche apayash heey teey darshavtat... shevati, aapan shodhaleli gosht nahee... santapt karnyasathi shree. churchill ". trumanne assa yuktivad keela qee "samajvad" haah prajasattak lokanni vaparlela eka "bhitidayak shabd" aahe aanee "serve lokanna madat karananya jawaljawal konatyahi goshticha" sandarbh denyasathi "vishesh hitsambandh lobbyjcha paytant kelela trademark" aahe.
oshaniyamadhye, newzealand lebber partyche michael joseph savage 6 december 1935 roji pantpradhan jhaale, jyamule kamgaranchya pahilya karyakalala suruvat jhaali. naveen sarkarne samaj kalyan vyavasthechi punarrachana aanee rajya gruhnirman yojanechya nirmitisah anek mahattvapoorn sudharana twarit rabvinyas suruvat kelee. chalis tasancha aathvada suru kelyane aanee kamgar sanghatananna tyanchya vatine vataghati karane sope karananya kayadyamule kamgaranna fayda jhaala. kamgar vargamadhye kroor lock khoop lokpriy hote aanee tyanche chitra deshbharatil anek gharanchya bhintinvar aadhalu shakat hote. yaveli kamgar pakshane maori ratan chalvalishi yutee kelee. darmyan, virodhakanni kamgar pakshachya adhik davya dhorananvar hallah keela aanee mukt udyog aanee kathor parishram qamee padalyacha aarop keela. kamgaranchya pahilya vijayanantarchya varshi, sudharana paksh aanee sanyukt pakshane tyanchi yutee pudhil payarivar nellie, ekmekanmadhye villin honyas sahmati darshavali. sanyukt sansthela rashtriy paksh asey naav denyat aale aanee tee bhavishyatil varshant kamgaranchi mukhya pratispardhi asel. kamgaranna tyanchya shrenitunahi virodhala samore jaave lagale. kamgar paksh tyachya sthapanechya velee spashtapane samajvadi hota, parantu too haloohaloo tyachya purvichya kattartavadapasun door jaat hota. tathakathit 'doctrineer' harry holland yaa pakshache majee nete yanchya nidhanane pakshachya itihasatil eka mahattvapoorn valan ghetale hote. tathapi, pakshatil kahijan, visheshtah johnn aii., pakshache laksh badallyabaddal naraj hote. lii, jyanche vichar samajvad aanee samajik patt siddhantache mishran hote, teey pakshachya netrutvache mukhar tikakar mhanoon udayas aale, tyanni pakshavar hukumshahine vagalyacha aanee pakshachya padacha aanee padacha vishvasaghat kelyacha aarop keela. pradirgh aanee kadoo vadanantar lii yanna pakshatoon kadhoon taknyat aale aanee tyanni swatacha vegala jhalela lokshahi kamgar paksh sthapan keela.
1940 madhye sevejcha mrutyu jhaala aanee tyachya jaagi pieter fracerne padbhar swikarla, joou kamgarancha sarvat jaast kaal seva denara pantpradhan banala. dusya mahayuddhachya bahutansh kalasathi fracer haah newzealandcha neta mhanoon olakhala jaato. yuddhanantarchya kalat, sadhyachi tanchai aanee audhyogik samasyanmule kamgaranna barich lokpriyata midali aanee sidney hollandchya netrutvakhalil rashtriy pakshala jaaga midali, jaree kamgaranna 1943 aanee 1946 chya sarvatrik nivadanuka jinkata aalya. akheris, 1949 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit kamgarancha parabhav jhaala. tyanantar thodyach velat fracer yanche nidhan jhaale aanee tyanchya jaagi dirghkal vittamantri rahilele walter nash yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee.
20vya shatkachya madhyapasoon teey uttaradhaparyant aanee 21vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant.
shityuddhache yug aanee yuddhanantarche ekmat (1945-1973).
dusya mahayuddhanantar, soviet shailichya samajvadachya virodhat samajik lokshahi aanee lokshahi samajvadache pratinidhitva karnyasathi 1951 madhye samajvadi aantarrashtriy navachi eka naveen aantarrashtriy sanstha sthapan karnyat aalee. 3 julai roji frankfurtchya sansthapak jahiranamyat, tyachya "lokshahi samajvadachi uddishte aanee karyeh samajvadi aantarrashtriy ghoshana" neey bhandavalshahi aanee bolshevism yaa donhincha nishedh keela, jyanna marksvad-leninism mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee samyavad mhanoon sambodhale jaate-kalam 7,8,9 aanee 10 madhye nantarchya goshtivar teeka kelee.
shityuddhachya kalat pashchimatya jagaat kinesiyanvadachya udayane samajik lokshahichya vikasavar prabhav padala. kinesiyanvadachya udayamule bhandavalshahiprati samajik lokshahivadyanchi drushti badalali. bhandavalshahichi vishisht sankate rokhali jaau shakali aanee jarr mothya pramanavar berojgari talhali jaau shakali tarach samajik lokshahivadala bhandavalshahi sweekarli jaau shakate, mhanoon keynesianwad heey pradan karnyas saksham asalyache manale jaat hote. samajik lokshahivadi karyakshamatechya karananmule bajarpeth swikarayala aale aanee tyanni keynesianvadala manyata dilee kaaran tyamule lokshahi aanee bhandavalshahi yanchyat samet hone apekshit hote. michael harringtonchya matey, heey bhandavalshahi aanee samajvad yanchyatil tadjodiche pratinidhitva karate. yuddhanantarchya samajik lokshahichya kalat anek samajik lokshahi pakshanni rudhivadi marksvadacha tyag keela, parantu tyanni tyanche sanshodhanvadi marksvadi charitrya gamavale nahee, kinwa marksvadi manavtavadachya rupasarkhya prernesathi markskade pahanehi thambavale nahee. tathapi, marksvad haah soviet union aanee purvekadil gatamadhye prachalit asalelya marksvad-leninismashi sambandhit hota, jyala samajik lokshahine nakarle aanee "samajvadi paramparetil vaataa chukicha dawa" mhanoon manale. kharey tarr tyane tyaa paramparecha olakh naan karata viparyas keela aahe. jawalcha kinwa kattar marksvad aivaji, samajik lokshahi mukt aanee "marksvadachya gambhir bhavnela" anukool aahe.
harringtonsathi, samajik lokshahicha assa vishvas aahe qee bhandavalshahimadhye aatoon sudharana kelee jaavi aanee haloohaloo samajvadi arthvyavastha nirman hoil. kinesiyanvadacha samavesh asalelya "samajik lokshahi tadjodi" mule samajvadi sarkaranchya antargat bhandavalshahi nirman jhaali jee itaki vaadh nirman karel qee atirikt rakkam "samajik jivanachya gunavattet antaheen sudharana" shakya karel. harringtonchya matey, samajvadi europemadhye "sarkarcha samanya paksh" banale hote, tarr tyanchya "puranmatvadi virodhakanna tyanni ekada tattvatah nishedh kelelya upayayojana swikaranyas bhag padale gele". jaree yaa samajvadi vyavharikta siddhant aanee vyavharat ekmekanshi pratikool asalelya aadarshik drushtikonakade neuun gelee, taree tyaa sarvanmadhye moolbhut dharana samayik hotya. hii "samajik lokshahi tadjod" 1930 chya dashakat jhaali, jevha "chalvalit eka ulthapalath, junya/kinwa kautskian parampareshi eka break, bhandavalshahisah kaam karoo shakanare aanee tyat badal karoo shakanare samajvadi karyakram vikasit karanyachi naveen ichcha hotee, parantu teey" krantikari "parivartanapeksha khoopach qamee hote".
1945chya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar clement atley yanni kamgar sarkar sthapan kele. atleyne lagechach arthvyavasthechya mothya rashtriyikaranacha karyakram suru keela. 1945 teey 1951 yaa kalat kamgar sarkarne banq auph ingland, nagri vimanchalan, kebal aanee wireless, kolasa, vahtook, veej, vayoo aanee loh aanee poladache rashtriyikaran kele. mothya rashtriyikaranachya yaa dhoranala kamgar pakshatil davya gatacha pathimba midala, jyanni rashtriyikaranala brittonche bhandavalshahitun samajvadi arthvyavasthet rupantar sadhya karane mhanoon pahile.
kamgar sarkarchya rashtriyikaranacha virodhi puranmatvadi pakshane tivra nishedh keela. rudhivadi lokanni khajgi upkramancha bachav keela aanee kamgar sarkarvar soviet shailitil kendriya niyojit samajvadi rajya nirman karnyacha hetu asalyacha aarop keela. heey aarop asoonahi, kamgar sarkarchya sarkari tiheri kulpati, mhanje hugg dalton, stafford pangues aanee hugg guitescale, yaa sarvanni soviet shailichya kendriya niyojanas virodh keela. suruvatila, dusya mahayuddhadarmyan british sarkarne aadhich lagoo kelelya arthvyavasthet rajyane thet majboot niyantran thewale hote, parantu yuddhanantar heey niyantran haloohaloo kamgar sarkarchya akhtyarit shithil jhaale aanee akheris tappyatappyane kadhoon takale gele aanee keynesian magani vyavasthapanane tyanchi jaaga ghetali. rashtriyikaranala puranmatvadyancha virodh asoonahi, kolasa aanee loh vagalata serve rashtriyikaran lavkarach yuddhanantarchya arthvyavasthechya rashtriy ekmatane sweekarle gele, jeey 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, jevha rashtriy ekmat khasgikaranala pathimba denyakade valale, tyaa kalaparyant tikale.
kamgar paksh 1951 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit harla aanee eka puranmatvadi sarkar sthapan jhaale. 1950 chya dashakat kamgar pakshamadhye rashtriyikaran dhoranache suruvatiche pramukh tikakar hote. daad future auph samajvad' (1956) yaa pustakat, british samajik lokshahi siddhantkar anthany crossland yanni assa yuktivad keela qee samajvad haah antargat bhandavalshahichya sudharananvishayi asava. crosslandne assa dawa keela qee, bhandavalshahichya aadhare bhandavalshahiche nirmulan karnyacha paramparik samajvadi karyakram, jyamule swabhavikpane apbhransh hoto, too yuddhanantarchya keynesian bhandavalshahimule sarvansathi samruddhicha vistar jhaala hota, jyat purn rojgar aanee kalyankari rajyacha samavesh hota, tyamule aprachalit jhaala hota. asha samruddha samajachya udayamule varg olakh lupt jhaali aahe aanee parinami, british kamgar pakshane tyaveli samarthit kelelya tyachya paramparik sankalpanetil samajvadala aata pathimba milat navhata, assa dawa tyanni keela. crosslandne assa dawa keela qee kamgar paksh lokanchya manat 'vibhagiy, paramparik, varg apeal' mhanoon sambandhit hota, jeey rashtriyikaranavarun jhalelya bhandananni adhik balkat jhaale. kamgar paksh punha nivadoon yenyajoga honyasathi tyala rashtriyikaranachi aapali bandhilaki sodoon dyavi lagel aanee rashtriyikaranachi samajvadashi tulana karane thambavave lagel, assa yuktivad tyanni keela. tyaeivaji, crosslandne assa dawa keela qee samajvadi karyakram haah samajik kalyanala pathimba dene, sampattiche punarvitaran karane aanee "jababdarichya sarvajanik aanee khajgi kshetranmadhil yogya vibhajan resha" hyasathi asava. yuddhanantarchya germanymadhye, ess. pii. dii. neey rashtriyikaranavaril british kamgar sarkarchya dhoranala manyata dilee. ess. pii. dii. chey nete curt shoomakar yanni jaheer kele qee ess. pii. dii. banking aanee patt, vima, khankam, kolasa, loh, polad, dhatoo-kaam aanee maktedari kinwa gutbandi mhanoon olakhalya gelelya itar serve kshetransarkhya arthvyavasthechya pramukh audhyogik kshetranchya rashtriyikaranachya bajoone aahe.
1947 madhye sarvbhoum rajya banalyanantar, bharatane samajik lokshahi bharatiy rashtriy congresschi sarkarmadhye nivad kelee, aanee tyache nete jawaharlal nehru heey bharatache pantpradhan jhaale. pantpradhan mhanoon nivadoon aalyanantar, neharune ghoshit keleh "europemadhye, aapan pahato qee anek desh samajvadachya margavar khoop pudhe gele aahet. mea samyavadi deshancha ullekh karat nahee, tarr jyanna sansadiy, samajik lokshahi desh mhatale jaau shakate, tyancha sandarbh dett aahe. sattevar asatana, neharuchya sarkarne bharatachya rajya-nirdeshit rashtriy vikasavar bharr deela aanee samajik lokshahipasun prerana ghetali, jaree bharatachya navyane sthapan jhalelya niyojan aayogane 1949 nantarchya chinchya krishi dhorananpasun prerana ghetali. dharmnirpeksh sarkar chalvat aanee alipta chalvalishi sanlagn houn, samajik lokshahi srilanka swatantrya pakshane shrilanketil swatantryottar rajkaranavar varchasva gajavale. pakistanat eka samajik lokshahi chalval dekhil udayas aalee, visheshtah serve pakistani awami muslim leag, jyachi sthapana 1949 madhye dhaka yethe jhaali, tyanantar purv pakistan, jyane sheikh mujibur rahman yanchya netrutvakhali 1971 madhye bangladeshchya swatantryasathi chalvaliche netrutva kele aanee 1975 madhye lashkari uthavat ulthoon taknyapurvi 1973 madhye pahili lokshahi nivadanuk jinkley.
1949 madhye, navyane swatantra jhalelya aanee sarvbhoum asalelya israyal rajyane samajik lokshahi mapaichi nivad kelee. utpadan sadhananche rashtriyikaran nakarat, kibbutz pranalidware utpadan sadhananchya sahkari malkivar aadharit talagalatil mishra arthvyavastha nirman karanyachi magani pakshane kelee. kibbutz yaa utpadak sahkari sanstha aahet jyaa sarkari madatidvare israyalmadhye bharbharatila aalya aahet.
1959 madhye, ess. pii. dii. neey godsberg karyakramasah eka pramukh dhoranatmak punaravalokan suru kele. godsberg karyakramane pakshachi urvarit rudhivadi marksvadi dhorane kadhoon takali aanee ess. pii. dii. neey tyachya vichardharechi "freeheithliture sozialismus" (udarmatvadi samajvad) ashee punarparibhashit kelee. godsberg karyakramacha sweekar kelyanantar, ess. pii. dii. neey rudhivadi marksvadi nirdharvad aanee vargvadacha tyag keela. ess. pii. dii. neey tyachi jaaga manavtavadavar aadharit naitik samajvadane ghetali aanee paksh lokshahivadi, vyavharik aanee sudharanavadi aahe yavar bharr deela. godsberg karyakramacha sarvat vadgrast nirnay mhanje utpadan sadhananchi khajgi malki "joparyant samajik nyayachya sthapanet adthala yet nahee toparyant samajakadun sanrakshanacha dawa karoo shakate" asey namood karnari tyachi ghoshana.
mukt-bajarpethechi tattve swikaroon, ess. pii. dii. neey assa yuktivad keela qee alpajantantrat rupantarit naan honyasathi kharokhar mukt bajarpeth hii pratyakshat eka niyantrit bajarpeth asali pahije. yaa dhoranacha arth keynesian aarthik vyavasthapan, samajik kalyan aanee aarthik niyojanachya kahee pramanat manyata dene assa dekhil hota. kahijan assa yuktivad karatat qee bhandavalshahi aarthik vyavasthechya badalyat samavisht asalelya samajvadachya shastriy sankalpanecha haah tyag hota. tyat asey ghoshit kele gele qee ess. pii. dii. neey "yapudhe rashtriyikaran heey samajvadi arthvyavastheche pramukh tattva manale nahee, tarr pramukh udhyoganchya sattechya aarthik ekagratevar niyantran thevanyachya anek sadhananpaiki keval eka (aanee nantar fakt shevatche) sadhan manale", tarr ess. pii. dii. laa aarthik bhoomikesathi vachanbaddha kele jeey "shakya titkya jaast spardhela, aavashyak titkya niyojanas" protsahan dete. paramparik bhandavalshahivirodhi dhoran sodoon denyachya nirnayamule ess. pii. dii. madheel jyanni tyala pathimba deela hota, teey santapt jhaale.
yaa badalannantar, ess. pii. dii. neey aadhunik samajik lokshahi karyakramache done pramukh stambh amalat aanale, mhanje pakshala keval kamgar vargache pratinidhitva karnara paksh bananyaivaji lokancha paksh banavane aanee bhandavalshahicha naash karnyachya aanee tyanchya jaagi bhandavalshahi sudharanyasathi dhorane aananyachya urvarit marksvadi dhoranancha tyag karane. europemadhil lokshahi samajvad "khrishchan naitikta, manavtavad aanee shastriy tattvadnyanat rujalela aahe" asey ghoshit karoon, godsberg karyakramane samajvadachi sankalpana marksvadapasun vegale kelee. carl kautskichya rudhivadi marksvadi ajendyavar edward bernsteinchya sudharvadi ajendyacha antim vijay mhanoon godsberg karyakramakade pahile gele aahe. godsberg karyakram haah ess. pii. dii. chya dhoranancha eka pramukh aadhava hota aanee germanychya palikade laksh vedhoon ghetala. tyacha sweekar kartana, shejaril francemadhil godsberg karyakramachi bhoomika eksaman navhati. kamgar aantarrashtriyatil french vibhag godesberg karyakramavar vibhagala gela hota, tarr ekikrut samajvadi pakshane godesberg karyakramala samajvadacha tyag aanee ess. pii. dii. chya nivadanuk parabhavanvar sandhisadhu pratikriya mhanoon nishedh keela.
singapurchya peaples action partyne (papp) tyanchya sattechya pahilya kahee dashakanmadhye (1959 pasoon) aacharanat aanaleli samajik lokshahi vyavharik prakarchi hotee, jyache vaishishtya rashtriyikaran nakarane hote. asey asoonahi, papney ajunahi samajvadi paksh asalyacha dawa keela, khajgi kshetrache niyaman, arthvyavasthet rajya hastakshep aanee samajik dhorane hyancha purava mhanoon nidarshanas aanoon dile. singapurche pantpradhan lii kuan yuu yannihi sangitale qee tyanchyavar lokshahi samajvadi british kamgar pakshacha prabhav aahe. mulat, pakshatil davya aanee samyavadi shakhesah, jyat anekanna turungat takale gele, madhyam aanee kattarpanthi yanchyat antargat kalah hota. singapurchya pakshanmadhye sarvat ujavya vicharsaranicha paksh asoonahi, pakshache varnan madhya-davi asey kele gele aahe aanee kahee vela matdar varchasva rakhanyasathi kahee bhagat davya bajoone chalanyacha avalamb keela aahe.
americet, arthshastradnya johnn keneth galbraith yanche varnan 'american udarmatvadi parantu european samajik lokshahivadi' asey kele gele aahe. udarmatvadacha vistar aanee uttaradhikari honyachya aaplya vachananchi purtata mhanoon samajik lokshahikade pahane shakya hote' kaaran 'pashchatya samajache fayade tyanchya serve nagarikanparyant pohochavanyacha' aanee 'tyamule' tyanchya arthvyavasthanna janahitasathi kaam karnyas pravrutt karane 'heey tyache uddisht hote. johnn eff. kenedila 'pahile keneshiyan adhyaksh' mhatale gele aahe aanee 1960 chya dashakat kenedi prashasanachya naveen simevar aanee johnson prashasanachya garibiviruddhachya yuddhat aanee mahan samajik karyakramanmadhye madat karnyasathi michael harringtonsarkhya samajvadi lokanna bolavanyat aale hote. aaa. sarkhe samajvadi. phillip randolph, bayered rustin aanee martin luther king junier. nagri haqq chalvalitahi tyanni mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. sudharvadi lokshahi samajvadi aanee samajik lokshahivadi sanghatan, daad soshal democrats, yuu. ess. aii. (ess. dii. yuu. ess. aii.) chee sthapana 1972 madhye jhaali. samajvadi pakshane swatantra rashtrapatipadache umedvar ubhe karane bund kele hote aanee kinesian samajik lokshahichya dishene swatahla sudharnyas suruvat kelee hotee. parinami, janatecha gondhal jhalyamule pakshache naav badalanyat aale. naav badalalyane, sudusane american lokansamor aapala drushtikon spasht keela, jyanni samajik lokshahicha marksvad-leninismachya swarupat hukumshahi samajvad aanee samyavadashi gondhal ghatala, jyala sudusane kathor virodh keela.
1970 chya dashakat, swedish rehan-medner modelane, jyaa bhandavaldarankade atyant utpadanaksham aanee karyaksham kampanya hotya, tyanna companyanchya kamgaranchya kimmativar atirikt napha tikavoon thevanyas parvanagi dilee, jyamule utpannachi asamanata vadhali aanee 1970 chya dashakat yaa companyanmadhil kamgaranna nafyachya vatyasathi aandolan karave lagale. tyach velee, sarvajanik kshetrat kaam karananya mahilannihi changlya vetanasathi dabav aananyas suruvat kelee. krantikari sudharak" aanee swa-varneet lokshahi samajvadi pantpradhan olof palme yanchya netrutvakhali, arthshastradnya rudolph meider yanni 1976 madhye eka abhyas samitee sthapan kelee, jee meider yojana navacha prastav gheuun aalee. company malak aanee vyavasthapakanchi sampatti anavshyakpane vadhavanyaivaji adhik rojgar nirman kartil aanee adhik kamgaranna adhik vetan deteel yaa uddeshane, karyaksham companyanmadhil kamgaranchya niyantranakhalil guntavanuk nidhimadhye atirikt napha hastantarit karane yacha yaat samavesh hota. 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila, enar gerhardson yanni eka niyojan sanstha sthapan kelee aanee niyojit arthvyavastha sthapan karnyacha prayatna keela.
1982 madhye, sweedenchya samajik lokshahi sarkarne, pratham rajkiy lokshahi aanee nagrikatva vadhavanyasathi, dusare, samajik hakkancha pathpurava karnyasathi, aanee tisare, nantar aarthik lokshahi aanee samajik malkichi amalbajavani karnyas saksham honyasathi, haloohaloo samajvadi ajenda pudhe nenyasathi meidnerchi meidner yojana sweekarli. yaa yojnet khasgi udhyoganchya vees takke varshik curr aakaranivar laksh kendrit karnyat aale hote, jyacha vapar karmchanyanchya ektrit malkicha guntavanuk nidhi tayar karnyasathi keela jaanar hota. meiderne sangitale qee tyachi yojana hii eka kramik samajvad hotee, jyacha parinam mhanoon panchvis teey pannas varshant vetandharkanna tyanchya udhyoganmadhye niyantranatmak vaataa milel. 1991 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit hii yojana radd karananya puranmatvadi sarkarkade samajik lokshahivadi lokancha parabhav jhalyanantar meidner yojana radd karnyat aalee. bhandavaldar aanee puranmatvadyanni yaa prastavala 'bhitidayak samajvad' mhanoon tabadtob nishedh keela aanee 1938 saltsjobaden kararat sthapan keleli varg tadjod radd karnyachya dhokyaas tyaa virodhat abhootpurv virodh aanee badnami moheem suru kelee.
yaa kalatil itar samajik lokshahi paksh aanee chalvalinmadhye 1938 madhye sthapan jhalela barbados barbados kamgar paksh aanee 1951 madhye swatantryanantar anek varshe grantley herbert addams yanchya netrutvakhali sattadhari paksh; dakshin koriyachi hyukshinke (samyavadvirodhi daway) chalval aanee purogami paksh (1956); japancha lokshahi samajvadi paksh (1960); aanee pakistancha pakistan peaples party (1967), jyane deshachya lashkari shasakanna nagri virodh keela aanee pakistanchya bahutansh lokshahi kalat sattet hota, yancha samavesh hota.
navudarvadala pratisad aanee tisra marg (1973-2007).
1973chya teel sankatanantar 1970chya dashakachya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant pashchimatya jagatil aarthik sankatamule navudarvadacha uday jhaala aanee british pantpradhan margaret thatcher aanee amerikeche adhyaksh ronald rigan yansarkhya navudarvadi manchanvar anek rajkarnyanchi nivad jhaali. navudarvadala pathimba vadhalyane samajik lokshahichya rajkiy vyavharyatevar prashna upasthit jhaale, samajshastradnya ralf darrendorff yanni 'samajik lokshahi shatkachya samapti' chaa andaj vartavala. 1985 madhye, belgium, denmark aanee netherlands yaa pashchatya gatatil deshanmadhil anek samajik lokshahi paksh aanee bulgaria, purv germany aanee hangeri yaa purv gatatil deshanchya communist pakshanshi vyapar, aanvik nihshastrikaran aanee itar mudyanvar bahupakshiy charcha karnyasathi karar karnyat aala.
1989 madhye, samajvadi aantarrashtriy sansthene aapali sadhyachi tattvanchi ghoshana sweekarli, jyat arthvyavasthechya aantarrashtriyikaranashi sambandhit samasyanvar laksh kendrit kele gele aanee samajvadachya swarupacha tyacha arth spasht keela gela. tattvanchya ghoshanet asey mhatale gele aahe qee samajvadi moolye aanee drushtikonamadhye "swatantrya, nyay aanee ekatmata yancha samavesh asalela shantatapurn aanee lokshahi jaagtik samaj" samavisht aahe, tarr khajgi kinwa rajya malki swatach aarthik karyakshamta kinwa samajik nyayachi hummy dete assa yuktivad keela aahe. samajvadi aantarrashtriy sansthene jyaa adhikaranna aanee swatantryanna pathimba deela tyachi vyakhya khalilpramane keleeh "samajvadi jaganyachya aanee sharirik surakshitatechya, vishvasachya swatantryachya aanee mutt vyakt karnyachya swatantryachya, sanghatana swatantryachya aanee chhal aanee adhahpatanapasun sanrakshn karnyachya avibhajya adhikarache rakshan karatat. upasamar aanee garja yampasoon swatantrya, kharee samajik suraksha aanee kaam karnyacha adhikar prapt karnyasathi samajvadi vachanbaddha aahet. tyat heey dekhil spasht kele gele qee, tyanni samajvadachya konatyahi nishchit aanee kayamswarupi vyakhyela protsahan dile nahee, assa yuktivad karatah "samajvadi, jyacha badal, sudharana kinwa pudhe vikas houu shakat nahee asha kahee antim aanee sthir samajachi ruparesha tyanchyakade asalyacha dawa karat naheet. lokshahi swanirnayasathi vachanbaddha asalelya chalvalit sarjanshilatesathi nehmich jaaga asel kaaran pratyek lokanni aanee pratyek pidhine swatachi uddishte nishchit kelee pahijet.
1980 chya dashkaparyant, united statesmadhil ronald rigan, brittenmadhil margaret thatcher, canadatil bryan mulroni aanee chilimadhil augusto pinochet yasarkhya puranmatvadi navudarvadi rajkarnyanchya udayasah, pashchatya kalyankari rajyavar aatoon hallah jhaala, parantu corporate kshetrasathi rajya samarthan kayam thevanyat aale. africa aanee purv europemadhye marksvad-leninismachya patananantar, tyapaiki bahutek deshanni udarmatvadi lokshahi sweekarli aanee majee sattadhari paksh marksvad-leninismkadun door jaaun samajik lokshahikade valale.
1989chee samajvadi aantarrashtriy congress rajkiyadrushtya mahattvapoorn hotee, kaaran mikhail gorbachevchya sudharvadi netrutvachya kalat soviet sanghachya communist pakshache sadasya congressmadhye upasthit hote. samajvadi aantarrashtriy sanghatanechya tattvanchya naveen ghoshanene soviet shailichya samajvadaviruddha 1951 chya frankfurt ghoshanet keleli purvichi vidhane sodoon dilee. kongresanantar, soviet unionchya communist partychya vruttpatra 'pravada' neey namood kele qee 1979 pasoon soviet union aanee samajvadi aantarrashtriy yanchyatil sanvadamule, anoo nishastrikaranachya mudyanvar donhi sanghatananchi bhoomika "aaj aksharshah julate". 1989 chya kranti aanee shityuddha sampalyanantar purv europemadhil marksvadi-leninist rajyanchya parinami jhalelya patnamule yapaiki anek deshanmadhye bahudaleey lokshahicha uday jhaala, jyacha parinam anek samajik lokshahi pakshanchi nirmiti karnyat jhaala. jaree yapaiki bahutansh pakshanna suruvatila nivadanukit yash midale nahee, taree teey purv europechya rajkiy paridrushyacha eka mahattvapoorn bhag banale. paschim europemadhye, pramukh italian communist pakshane 1991 madhye swatahla davya communist-nantarchya lokshahi pakshat rupantarit kele.
1990 chya dashakat, tisya margachi vichardhara vikasit jhaali aanee anek samajik lokshahivadi tyache anuyayi banale. tisya margache samarthan tyachya samarthakanni bhandavalshahila paryay mhanoon kele aahe aanee jyala teey samajvadache paramparik prakar (marxian samajvad aanee rajya samajvad) manatat, jeey tisya margane samajik lokshahivadi nakartat. tee adhikrutpane naitik samajvad, sudharanavad aanee kramikvadache samarthan karate, jyamadhye bhandavalshahichi manavikrut aavrutti, mishra arthvyavastha, rajkiy bahulvad aanee udarmatvadi lokshahiche samarthan karane samavisht aahe.
giddons aanee itaransathi, punarikshanvad, laslian samajvad aanee tisra marg yaat kharokhar konatahi lakshaniy farak nahee. pratyek prakaranat, tyanni sarkari dhorananche samarthan kele jeey krantiaivaji kaam karananya lokanna twarit madat kartil aanee donhi prakarananmadhye tyanchya tikakaranni tyanchyavar aasthapanela vikale gelyacha aanee kharey samajvadi nasalyacha aarop keela. visheshtah, tisya margavar samajik lokshahi chalvalit navudarvadi swarupachya asalyabaddal jordar teeka kelee gelee aahe. tisya margache davya vicharsaraniche virodhak assa dawa karatat qee haah samajvadacha eka prakar nahee aanee too samajik lokshahivadyanche pratinidhitva karato jyanni bhandavalshahi swikaroon naveen ujavya pakshala pratisad deela. truteey margi aadarshanche samarthak assa yuktivad karatat qee teey keval aadhunik jagachya vastavikteshi samajik lokshahiche aavashyak kinwa vyavharik rupantar darshavtat, heey lakshat gheuun qee yuddhanantarchi samajik lokshahi 1970 chya dashakat kosalalelya breton woodschya sahmatichya prachalit aantarrashtriy vatavaranat bharbharatila aalee.
jevha teey british kamgar pakshache khasdar hote, tevha third weey samarthak aanee majee british pantpradhan toney blair yanni 1994 madhye fabian patrakat samajvadachya done pramukh prakaranchya astitvabaddal lihile, eka marksvadi-leninist aarthik nirdharak aanee samuhikvadi paramparevar aadharit aahe, jee tyanni nakarli aanee dusari naitik samajvad aahe, jyala tyanni samarthan dile, jee samajik nyay, pratyek nagarikache samaan moolya, sandhichi samanata, samuday yaa mulyanvar aadharit hotee. naveen kamgaranni samajvadachya paramparik vyakhyepasun kamgaranna door thevanyacha aanee udarmatvadi-lokshahi samajvadachya aadhunik swarupache pratinidhitva karnara eka naveen kamgar nirman karnyacha prayatna keela. tathapi, naveen kamgaranni yaa naveen vyakhyetahi 'samajvad' yaa shabdacha niyamit sarvajanik vapar talhanyacha prayatna keela, kaaran yamule 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila british matdaranna kamgar pakshachya prabal davya vicharsaranichya rajkiy dhoranachi aathvan hoil. nantar, naveen shramanvar teeka mhanoon eka rashtra shramacha janm jhaala. itarancha sweekar aanee tyat badal karat asatana, naveen kamgaranni tayar kelelya kahee tisya margi dhoranatmak vikasanna tyane aavhan dile. naveen kamgaranpramanech, eka rashtra kamgarane samajvadachya aparamparik vyakhyeche samarthan kele, jyat millibandne "lokansathi kaam karananya bhandavalshahichya" eka prakarala samarthan dile, tarr "samajvadachya prakarala, joou eka adhik nyayya, adhik nyayya, adhik samaan samaj aahe" yala pathimba jaheer keela. naveen kamgaranpramane, eka rashtra kamgaranni 'samajvad' haah shabd adhik sarvajanikpane vaparla.
pramukh truteey marg samarthak anthany giddens paramparik samajvadala kalbahya jhaala aahe asey manatat; tathapi, giddens mhanatat qee anthany crosslandne tyachya 'daad future auph samajvad' (1956) yaa pramukh pustakat samajvadachya vyavharya swarupache samarthan kele hote. samajvadachya vyavharya swarupala protsahan dilyabaddal tyanni crossland tasech thomas humphrey marshal yanche kautuk kele aahe. samajvadachi vyakhya aarthik vyavasthapanacha siddhant mhanoon karananya samajvadachya paramparik swarupala-rajya samajvadala-giddens aata vyavharya nahee asey manatat. giddens jyala teey varchya khalchya samajvadache vichar karatat tasech navudarvad nakartat, tyala nakartat aanee kendriya niyojanadvare sadhya kelelya utpadanache samajikikaran bhandavalshahichya atarkiktevar maat karoo shakate yaa samanya samarthanasathi paramparik samajvadavar teeka karatat. gidensachya matey, yaa davyache "yapudhe samarthan kele jaau shakat nahee". tyancha assa yuktivad aahe qee utpadanachya kendriya niyojit samajikaranachi vaidhata sampushtat aalyane, "tyachya vighatananantar, samajvadachya kattarpanthi aasha, tyanna virodh karananya junya rudhivadachya aasha jitkya mrut aahet, titkyach mrut aahet". giddens lihitat qee jaree bajar samajvadache samarthak asale taree tyanni asha kendriya niyojit samajvadala nakar deela aahe tasech bhandavalshahila virodh keela aahe, "[tii] majhya matey, bajar samajvad hii vastavadi shakyata nahee assa yuktivad karnyasathi yethe changli karane aahet". giddens spasht karato qee tisra marg jyachi too kalpana karato too bajar samajvadi nahee, assa yuktivad karat qee "yethe asha prakarcha tisra marg nahee aanee yaa jaanivisah rajkiy siddhantacha avant-garde mhanoon samajvadacha itihas sampato".
tisra marg haah sudharanavadi punarikshanvadi samajvadachya varshashi jodalela aahe, asey giddens lihitatah "tisra marg rajkaran heey samajik lokshahi punarikshanvadachya paramparanmadhye aahe jeey edward bernstein aanee carl kautskiparyant pasarlele aahe". samajvadachi vyakhya keval bhandavalshahi nakarnyachya drushtine kelee jaau shakat nahee heey manya kelyabaddal giddens crosslandchya "samajvadache bhavishya" chee prashansa karatat kaaran jarr bhandavalshahicha ant jhaala aanee samajvadane tyachi jaaga ghetali tarr bhandavalshahi nasalyane samajvadacha konatahi uddesh urala nasata. crosslandchya vishleshanavarun, giddens assa yuktivad karatat qee samajvadi siddhantanche samanya vaishishtya mhanje tyanchi naitik samagri, jee vyaktivadavar teeka karnyavar aadharit aahe. giddens yanni samajvadachi vyakhya ashee kelee aahe qee, "samajik sahkarya, sarvatrik kalyan aanee samanata yaa kalpanancha pathpurava karane-bhandavalshahichya white aanee anyayancha nishedh karoon ektrit kelelya kalpana". giddansasathi, samajvad haah 'samoohik krutee aanee sahbhag' tasech 'samajik kalyanasathi samoohik jababdari' yaa vishvasavar avalambun asato.
giddens yanni dainandin rajkaranachya kshetrat kelelya tisya margachya anek vyakhyanpasun swatahla vegale kele-naveen kamgaransah-kaaran tyanni punaruchchar keela qee muddah navudarvadala kinwa bhandavalshahi bajarachya varchaswala balee padane nahee, tarr jagatikikaran hott asalelya jagaat madhya-davya gananechi moolye tayar karnyasathi bajaratil kattarvad aanee varchya-khalchya samajvad yaa donhinchya palikade jaane haah hota. tathapi, gidensane kalpana kelelya tisya margacha paul camackne nishedh keela aahe qee too samajik lokshahi aanee samajvadachya payavar sampoorn hallah aahe jyamadhye gidensane tyanchi jaaga navudarvadi bhandavalshahine ghenyacha prayatna keela aahe. camaccha dawa aahe qee giddens paramparik samajik lokshahi aanee samajvadavar teeka karnyasathi bharpur urja kharch karatat-udaharanarth gidensacha assa dawa qee paramparik samajvadacha ant jhaala aahe kaaran markscha sampatticha nyayya margane prasar karananya naveen arthvyavasthecha drushtikon shakya nahee-tarr tyach velee bhandavalshahivar konatihi teeka karat nahee. samajik lokshahit aakarshak banavanyasathi too vaktavyacha bhes ghaloon, samajvirodhi lokshahi, samajvadi virodhi aanee bhandavalshahi samarthak asalyabaddal giddens aanee tyacha tisra marg yacha camac nishedh karato.
varg-aadharit purvgrahanpasun mukt asalelya naveen samajvadache samajik lokshahi samarthak asalele british rajkiy siddhantkar robbert corf yanni marksvadi vargavadi aanee kamgar pakshatil trutiyapanthi samarthak yaa donhinvar teeka kelee. corfene gidensane vikasit kelelya tisya margacha "bauddhik rikamipana aanee vaicharik garibi" sathee nishedh keela aahe. corfene nirash houn, majee dirghakalin british kamgar paksh emm. pii. ellis mohan yanchya vidhanashi sahmati darshavali aahe, jyamadhye tyanni mhatale aahe qee, "kamgar haah bankerancha paksh aahe, kamgarancha nahee. pakshane aapala aatma gamavala aahe aanee jyachi jaaga ghetali aahe teey mhanje kathor, american shailiche rajkaran. corfecha assa dawa aahe qee naveen samajvad vikasit karnyat apayash aalyane samajik bhandavalshahi haah ekmev vyavharya paryay mhanoon sodoon denara 'samajvadacha mrutyu' jhaala aahe. kahee samikshak aanee vishleshakanni samanpane tisya margala eka prabhavi navudarvadi chalval mhanoon darshavile aahe.
ess. pii. dii. chey majee adhyaksh auskar lafonten yanni tatkalin ess. pii. dii. nete aanee german chanceller gerhard schroeder yancha tyanchya tisya margi dhoranansathi nishedh keela aanee sangitale qee schroeder yanchya netrutvakhalil ess. pii. dii. neey "navaudarvadachya dhoranakade dishene aamulagra badal" swikarla aahe. ess. pii. dii. chaa rajinama dilyanantar, 2007 madhye lafontenne davya pakshachi saha-sthapana kelee. davya pakshachi sthapana lokshahi samajvad (pii. dii. ess.) aanee kamgar aanee samajik nyay-nivadanuk paryayi (vasg) yaa ess. pii. dii. pasoon vibhakt jhalelya gatachya vilinikaranatun jhaali. davya pakshancha vaad aahe kaaran pii. dii. ess. chaa thet uttaradhikari mhanoon too purvichya purv germanychya sattadhari marksvadi-leninist samajvadi ekata pakshacha (seed) thet uttaradhikari dekhil aahe, jyache shityuddha sampalyanantar pii. dii. ess. madhye rupantar jhaale. tathapi, lokshahi samajvadi, strivadi, harit aanee shantatavadi yanna aakarshit karnyasathi pii. dii. neey dhorane sweekarli mhanoon pii. dii. neey sedchi dhorane chaloo thewali naheet.
eka mulakhatit lafonten mhanale qee, viilii brand yanni anusarlelya samajik lokshahichya prakarala teey pathimba detat, parantu teey assa dawa karatat qee davya pakshanchi nirmiti aavashyak hotee kaaran 'purvichya samajvadi aanee samajik lokshahi pakshanni' navudarvadala prabhavipane sweekarle hote. davya pakshanchi takad vadhali aanee 2009 chya federal nivadanukit tyanna 11 takke matey midali tarr ess. pii. dii. laa 23 takke matey midali. lafontenne nondavale aahe qee germanymadhye davya pakshanchya sthapanemule itar deshanmadhye anukaran jhaale aahe, greece, portugal, netherlands aanee syriamadhye anek davya pakshanchi sthapana jhaali aahe. englandcha green party aanee wells mape carolin lucas yanna samaan moolye asalela paksh mhanoon olakhoon, eka "vastavik" british davya chalvaliche astitva asalyacha dawa lafontaine keela aahe.
itaranni assa dawa keela aahe qee samajik lokshahila tisya margavarun pudhe jaanyachi garaj aahe, jyat olaf cramey aanee patrick diamond yancha samavesh tyanchya 'after daad third veh daad future auph soshal democracy inn europe' (2012) yaa pustakat aahe. cramey aanee diamond heey olakhatat qee tisra marg samajik lokshahitil rajkiy hastakshep aanee arthvyavasthetil bajarpetha yanchyatil paramparik dwibhajan todanyacha prayatna mhanoon udayas aala, parantu jaagtik aarthik sankatasathi samajik lokshahine tyachya rajkiy arthvyavasthecha punarvichar karane aavashyak aahe assa tyancha yuktivad aahe. 20vya shatkachya suruvatipasun madhyaparyant samajvadi lokanmadhye aarthik niyojanavar vishvas drudh hota, parantu navudarvadi ujavya vicharsaranichya udayamule too qamee jhaala, jyane aarthik niyojanavar hallah keela aanee davyanna kendrikrut aadnya arthvyavastheshi jodale, aanee tyala prashasakeey-aadesh pranali aanee soviet union aanee itar marksvadi-leninist rajyanpramanech soviet-prakarchya aarthik niyojanashi jodale. tyancha assa dawa aahe qee yamule "ujavya vicharsaranichya naitik jaalyacha" paya tayar jhaala jyamadhye aarthik niyojan dhorananvaril navudarvadi ujavya vicharsaraniche halle davya vicharsaranichya asha niyojanachya sanrakshanas uttejan detat, jeey naitikdrushtya aavashyak aahe aanee ujavya bajoone sampate, aanee asha dhorananvar jordar teeka karate, qee tee swabhavikpane aarthikdrushtya aksham aahet aanee aarthik kshamata aanee jababdariche puraskarte mhanoon swatahla sadar karatat. cramey aanee diamond mhanatat qee sadhya jaagtik bajarpethanmadhil aarthik sankat hatalanyasathi samajik lokshahikade paach bhinn dhorane aahet, jee tee pratisadat swikaru shakate, mhanje bajar anurupata, bajar purakata, bajar pratirodhakta, bajar badal aanee bajar parivartan. crammy aanee diamond yanni bajarache anurupata darshavali aahe, tee british kamgar pakshache rajkarani aanee sarkari tijoriche majee kulpati phillip snoden yanchya aarthik vivekavar aadharit atyant madhyam samajvadi ajendyachya ichchheshi samatulya aahe, kaaran snoden yanni assa aagrah dharala hota qee samajvadala aarthik vivekavar aadhar ghyava lagel anyatha too sadhya honar nahee.
lokshahi aanee bajar samajvadi doghannihi samajvad sodoon denyachya tisya margavar teeka kelee aahe, assa yuktivad karat qee soviet prakarchya arthvyavasthanchya aarthik kamataratanche pramukh kaaran samajvadapeksha tyanche hukumshahi swaroop hote aanee teey eka vishisht pratimeche apayash hote, mhanoon samajik lokshahivadyanni tisya margapeksha samajvadachya lokshahi pratimanche samarthan kele pahije. arthshastradnya pranav bardhan aanee johnn romer yancha assa yuktivad aahe qee soviet prakarchya arthvyavastha ayashasvi tharalya kaaran tyanni rajya udhyoganchya karyaksham karbharasathi niyam aanee parichalan nikash tayar kele naheet, tyanchya prashasakeey, sansadhananche aanee vastunche niyantran vatap aanee rajkiy vyavasthanmadhye lokshahicha abhav, jyaa soviet prakarchya arthvyavasthanshi jodalya gelya hotya. lokshahila pathimba detana hukumshahi aanee hukumshahi vatap nakarnanya spardhatmak samajvadacha eka prakar mukt-bajar bhandavalshahipeksha adhik prabhavi tharoo shakato aanee siddha houu shakato.
yaa kalatil itar mahattvapoorn samajik lokshahi chalvali aanee pakshanmadhye turkicha sarvat juna rajkiy paksh, madhya-davya dharmnirpeksh republican peaples party (see. pii. pii.), joou lashkari hukumshahila virodh karananya mukhya shaktinpaiki eka hota aanee 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat lokshahi punarsanchayit jhaali aanee 2002 nantar mukhya virodhi paksh banala tevha eka pramukh paksh mhanoon udayas aala; norwey aanee newzealand kamgar paksh, jeey 1972 pasoon mothya pramanat sattet aahet, lokshahi samajvadi teey vyavharik samajik lokshahi vichardharekade valale; bangladeshchi dharmnirpeksh awami leag, 1991 madhye lokshahit paratalyanantar deshatil done mukhya pakshanpaiki eka; aanee lebnoncha purogami samajvadi paksh, jyane yuddhanantarchya varshant arab samajvadachya chalvalit mothee bhoomika bajavali hotee, parantu lebnonchya lebnonchya rajvatit parat yenyacha tisra marg banala; 1991 madhye lokshahivadi samajvadi pakshatoon lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye paratalyanantar, bangladeshcha dharmnirpeksh awami leag haah tisra lokshahivadi paksh, 1991 madhye lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye parat aala, aanee 1991 madhye lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye punha nivadoon aalela, lokshahivadi kamgar paksh, 1991 chya dashkatil lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye tisra paksh, lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye badalala gela, joou lokshahivadi sarkarmadhye badalala gela;
tisya margacha nakar aanee nakar (2007-sadhyacha).
2000 chya dashakat, sanyukt rashtranchya 'jaagtik aanandachya ahavalat' asey disun aale aahe qee sarvat anandi rashtre uttar europemadhye kendrit aahet, jithe nordic model (jeey lokshahi samajvadi tapashcharya aanee navaudarvadachya virodhat balkat karoo ichchitat) vaparale jaate, yaa yadeet denmark avval sthanavar aahe, jithe samajik lokshahivadyanni 1924 madhye tyanchya pahilya sarkarche netrutva kele aanee 20 vya shatkatil bahutansh kaal denmarkvar rajya kele. norwegian lebber party, swedish soshal democratic party aanee finlandchya soshal democratic partyne dekhil bahusankhya sarkaranche netrutva kele aanee 20 vya shatkat teey aapapalya deshanmadhil sarvat lokpriy rajkiy paksh hote. aaplya samakakshanpramane lokpriy nasatanahi, icelandic soshal democratic party aanee soshal democratic alliancene dekhil anek sarkaranche netrutva kele aahe aanee teey anek yuticha bhag rahile aahet. yaa yashache shrey kahivela yaa pradeshatil samajik-lokshahi nordic modella dile jaate, jithe varr namood kelelya lokshahi samajvadi, kamgarvadi aanee samajik-lokshahi rajkiy pakshanni rajkiy drushyavar varchasva gajavale aahe aanee 20 vya shatkat sarvatrik kalyankari rajyanna paya ghatala aahe, jeey samajik-lokshahi prakarchya "uchch samajvad" laa sajese aahe, jyache varnan "uchch patalichya susanvad aanee qamee patalichya starikaranala" anukool asalyache kele jaate."denmark, finland, eyesland, norwey aanee sweeden tasech greenland aanee farrow betansah nordic desh, dardoi vastavik jee. dii. pii., aarthik samanata, nirogi ayurman, sarvajanik aarogya, aekhadyavar avalambun rahane, shikshan, jeevan nivadi karnyache swatantrya, udarata aanee manvi vikas yaa nikashanmadhye sarvoch sthanavar aahet. nagri swatantrya, lokshahi, patrakarita, kamgar aanee aarthik swatantrya, shantata aanee bhrashtacharapasunche swatantrya yasarkhya nirdeshkanmadhye nordic deshanna uchch sthan midale aahe. anek abhyas aanee sarvekshananni asey soochit kele aahe qee lock navudarvadi aanee mukt-bajar arthvyavasthanchya tulanet samajik lokshahi aanee kalyankari rajyanmadhye anandi jeevan jagatat. samajik lokshahi pakshanna argentine (jethe christina fernandez dii kirchner 2007 madhye adhyakshapad jinkale), austreliya (jethe kevin rudchya austreliyan kamgar pakshane 2007 chee nivadanuk jinkley), bangladesh (jithe awami leegne 2009 pasoon shasson kele aahe), france (jithe pii. ess. neey 2012 chee nivadanuk jinkley), jamaika (jithe peaples national partyne 2012 chee nivadanuk jinkley), belgium (jithe samajvadi pakshane 2011-2014 shasson kele) aanee chiilii (jithe michel bachelet 2013 madhye adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale hote) yasarkhya deshanmadhye nivadanuk yash midale.
tathapi, 2000 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 2010 chya dashakachya suruvatila jaagtik aarthik sankatamule, paschim europemadhil dusya mahayuddhanantarchya rajkiy paridrushyavar varchasva gajavanare samajik lokshahi paksh kahee deshanmadhye itake dabavakhali hote qee "pararashtra vyavhar" madheel bhashyakarane tyala "madhya-davya pakshacha sphot" mhatale. aktoobar 2000chya dangli aanee all-aksa intifadachya hinsacharanantar 2000chya dashakachya suruvatila israyali kamgar paksh haloohaloo qamee hott gela. mahaa-mandee aanee greek sarkar-karj sankatanantarcha asach vikas pahanara pahila european desh greece hota. 2009 chya greek vidhimandalachya nivadanukit greek soshal democratic party pasokala asalela pathimba 43.9% varoon janewari 2015 chya greek vidhimandalachya nivadanukit 4.68% paryant ghasarala. europemadhil anek deshanmadhye pasarlyamule hii ghasaran nantar greesmadhye vegali nasalyache siddha jhaale, jyache varnan anek nirikshakanni pasocfication asey kele.
2017 madhye, denmark aanee portugalsarkhya itar deshantil samajik lokshahi pakshanna nivadanukit tulanene majboot pathimba hota. yavyatirikt, kahee deshanmadhil samajik lokshahi pakshanchya ghasaranisobat greesmadheel siriza, eyeslandmadhil davya-hiravya chalvali aanee spainmadhil podemos yasarkhya itar madhya-davya kinwa davya pakshanchya pathimbyamadhye vaadh jhaali. europeey ghasaranisathi anek spashtikaran prastavit kele gele aahet. kahee bhashyakar adhorekhit karatat qee rashtriy vibhajan aanee kamgar bajarpethetil niyantranmukticha samajik lokshahi pathimba sambhavya matdaranmadhye qamee lokpriy jhaala hota. french rajkiy shastradnya piyare manut yanchyasarkhe itar lock samajik lokshahivadyanni rashtriyatechya kalpaneche punarvasan aanee punarujjivan karnyachya garjevar jore detat.
rajkiy timahi" madheel 2017 chya lekhat, jorg michael dostal yanni tisya margane aanee navudarvadi dhoranansah nivadanukanchya mohbhangasah germanytil ghasaran kinwa adhik visheshtah gerhard schroeder yanni hartz sudharanancha sweekar keela jyane khasgikaran aanee kalyankari rajyachi kapat tasech kamgar bajarpetheche niyaman aanee kamgaranchya hakkanchi kapat karanyachi shifaras kelee. dostalchya matey, ess. pii. dii. neey nantar tyachya purvichya nivadanuk yuticha ardha bhag gamavala (mhanje.eae. blue-collar matdar aanee samajikdrushtya vanchit gut) jaree madhyamvargiy aanee madhyamvargiy matdaranna aakarshit karnyachya prayatnanmadhye konatehi nuksan bharpaiche fayade miloo shakale naheet. shivay, lekh assa nishkarsh kadhato qee ess. pii. dii. sathee navudarvad sodoon aanee vishvasarh samajik-kalyan aanee punarvitaran dhorane sadar karoon majee matdaranna parat midvanyache prayatna karane haah ekmev sambhavya upay aahe. 2016 chya suruvatila, "samajik-aarthik punaravalokna" madheel eka sanshodhan lekhat asey aadhalun aale hote qee sambandhit matdar gatanvar hartz yojana aanee ajenda 2010 chey dirghakalin nivadanuk parinam maryadit hote, parantu yamule davyanna tyachya davya bajula kayamswarupi rajkiy shakti mhanoon samavisht karnyas madat jhaali hotee.
2017 chya norwechya sansadiy nivadanukit kamgar pakshachya aashcharyakarak parabhavanantar, 'evicence nyehetsbira' chya sampadkasarkhe bhashyakar thalakpane sangatat qee sambhavya matdaranmadhye mothya pramanat sthalantarit jhalelyambaddalchya tivra asantoshakade pakshane durlaksh kele hote. verdense gang" chya hanney scartwetne dawa keela qee samajik lokshahivadi sangharsh karat aahet kaaran kalyankari rajyachya shashvatates mothya pramanavar sthalantaramule aavhan dile jaate. scarstein eka bajula aantarrashtriy staravar lokanna madat karnyasathi samajik lokshahivadyanchi drudh bandhilaki aanee dusya bajula deshachya swatachya loksankhyesathi kalyankari dhoranansathi tyanchi drudh bandhilaki yanchyatil virodhabhasavar jore detat.
1977 madhye lokshahit sankraman jhalyapasun itar konatyahi pakshapeksha mukhya samajik lokshahi paksh asalelya sooe, jyaa deshanmadhye dirghkal shasson karat aahe, tyapaiki spain haah eka desh aahe. tathapi, european samajik lokshahi pakshanpramanech too dekhil qamee jhaala aahe, 2010 teey 2015 darmyan podemoskadun tyache ardhe matdar gamavale aanee spainmadhye lokshahichya punarsanchayanapasun 2015 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanukit tyacha sarvat white parinam midala. haah parabhav hounahi, bhrashtachar ghotalyanantarchya avishvas tharavat mariano royche sarkar barkhast jhalyanantar juuna 2018 madhye, pedro sanchez yanchya netrutvakhalil, sooe punha sattet aale. kahee lekhak tyanchya sarkarla europecha samajik lokshahi varsa tikavoon thevanyachi shevatchi aasha manatat aanee tyanna vatate qee teey itar deshantil samvichari rajkarnyansathi eka udaharan mhanoon kaam kartil. 2019 aanee 2020 paryant, denmark, finland aanee italimadhye tyancha mukhya samajik lokshahi paksh punha sattet paratala, tarr portugal, spain aanee sweedenne tyanchya samajik lokshahi sarkaranna pushti dilee. itali aanee spainchya babatit, madhya-davya pakshanni yutee sarkaranmadhye, aasthapanavirodhi, loklubhavan aanee itar davya-pravan pakshanshi yutee kelee.
jeremi corbyn yanchya netrutvakhalil british lebber partisarkhya anek samajik lokshahi pakshanni tisya margache dhoran purnapane nakarle aahe aanee arthshastra aanee vargachya muddyanvar davikade valale aahet. 2014 salchya pii. ess. oo. eae. prathamik nivadanukit madhyamvargiy mhanoon nivadanuk ladhavalyanantar, pedro sanchez nantar 2017 salchya yashasvi prayatnat davikade valale, jyamadhye teey pii. ess. oo. eae. netrutvakade paratale, jyamadhye teey samajik lokshahichya punarujjivanasathi ubhe rahile, jenekarun bhandavalshahinantarchya samajat sankraman hoil aanee navudarvadi bhandavalshahicha ant hoil. sanchez yanchya 2019 chya 'manual dii resistancia' pustakat mandanyat aaleli eka pramukh vaiyaktik kalpana mhanje samajik lokshahi aanee europe yanchyatil adravya duva.
danish samajik lokshahivadyansarkhe itar pakshahi davya drushtikonatun navudarvadi samoohik sthalantarabaddal adhikadhik sanshay gheu lagale. pakshache asey mutt aahe qee tyacha bahutansh loksankhyevar nakaratmak parinam jhaala aahe aanee 2015 chya european sthalantaritanchya sankatadarmyan tivra jhalelya 11 septemberchya hallyanantar kiman 2001 pasoon haah eka adhik mahattvacha muddah mhanoon pahila jaat aahe. navudarvadi jagatikikaranachya kalat paksh navudarvadi aanee sthalantarabaddal naram asalyachya samjamule 21 vya shatkachya suruvatila tyachya kharab nivadanuk kamgirila hatbhar lagla. danish soshal democrats pakshache nete aanee pantpradhan mete frederickson yanni nuktyach lihilelya charitrat assa yuktivad keela aaheh "majhyasathi heey adhikadhik spasht hott aahe qee aniyantrit jagatikikaran, mothya pramanavar sthalantar aanee kamgaranchya mukt halchalinchi kimmat khalchya varganna mojavi lagat aahe". fredericksonne nantar sthalantarabaddalchi aapali bhoomika adhik paradeshi kamgaranna parvanagi deuun aanee sarkar jinkalyanantar paradeshi gunhegaranna kinanyavar thevanyachya yojana ulatavun badalali. 2020 chya abhyasat sthalantarvirodhi sthitee samajik lokshahi pakshanna madat karel yaa kalpanevar aakshep ghenyat aala. abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee "samajik lokshahi pakshanna adhik nivadanuk pathimbyaivaji qamee asalelya konatyahi goshtishi sambandhit adhik hukumshaha/rashtravadi aanee adhik eu virodhi bhoomika aahet".
2016 madhye, swatahla samajik lokshahivadi mhananyaivaji 'lokshahi samajvadi' mhanoon varnan karananya vermont burney sanderschya senatorne, lokshahi pakshachya adhyakshapadachya umedvarasathi boolii lavali, visheshtah tarun pidhi, kamgar-varg american aanee grameen matdaranmadhye lakshaniy lokpriy pathimba midavala, parantu shevati rashtrapatipadache namankan madhyavarti umedvar hiilarii clintonne jinkale. 2020 chya democratic pakshachya adhyakshiy prathamik nivadnukanmadhye sanders punha ekada ladhale, jeey kahee kalasathi aaghadiche tharale.
tyanni nordic modelchi prashansa kelyane, utpadan sadhananchya samajik malkishi sambandhit drushtikonachya ulat samajik lokshahivar laksh kendrit kele asalyache soochit kele asalyane, kahee rajkiy bhashyakaranni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, american rajkaranat "lokshahi samajvad" heey samajik lokshahisathi chukiche naav banale aahe. sandersney purvi kahee prakarchya sarvajanik malakiche samarthan kele, kamachya thikani lokshahi, kamgar sahkari sansthancha vistar aanee arthvyavasthechya lokshahikaranala pathimba deela. sanderschya prastavit kayadyanmadhye kamgaranchya malakiche vyavasay, kamachya thikani lokshahi kayada, mahamandalanna paryay mhanoon karmchanyanchi malki aanee karmchanyanchya malkichya companyanna protsahit karnyasathi eka package yancha samavesh aahe. udarmatvadi naveen karar kinwa samajik lokshahi paramparecha bhag mhanoon pahile jaat asatana, sanders naveen kararala samajvadi paramparecha bhag mhanoon jodatat aanee naveen kararacha varsa "naveen kararache apoorn kaam haatee gheuun teey purn karnyasathi" asalyacha dawa karatat.
purogami aaghadi hii eka rajkiy aantarrashtriy sanghatana aahe, jichi sthapana 22 meey 2013 roji davya rajkiy pakshanni kelee hotee, jyapaiki bahutansh samajvadi aantarrashtriy pakshache vidyaman kinwa majee sadasya aahet. pragatishil, lokshahi, samajik-lokshahi, samajvadi aanee kamgar chalvaliche jaagtik jaale banane heey tyache uddisht asalyache sanghatnene mhatale aahe."