
karche vargikaran

sarkar aanee khajgi sansthanni qaar vargikaran yojana vikasit kelya aahet jyaa karche niyaman, varnan aanee vargikaran yasah vividh hetunsathi vaparlya jaatat.
aantarrashtriy manak aay. ess. oo. <aay. dii. 1> "raste vahane-prakar-atty aanee vyakhya" dekhil gadyanche vargikaran karnyasathi sandnya paribhashit karatat.
vargikaranancha saransh.
khaleel taktyat bajar vibhag aanee kayadeshir vargikarananchya samanyatah vaparlya jaanarya atincha saransh deela aahe.
bajar vibhag.
microcar/keii qaar.
microcars aanee tyanchya japani samatulya-keii qaar-yaa automobileschya sarvat lahan shreni aahet.
micro qaar qaar aanee motorcyclechya simevar pasaratat aanee anekada samanya gadyanchya vegalya niyamandware samavisht kelya jaatat, parinami nondani aanee parvanyasathichya aavashyaktanmadhye shithilata yete. enginecha aakar anekada kinwa qamee asato aanee microcarschi teen kinwa chaar chake asatat.
microcars europemadhye sarvat lokpriy aahet, jithe dusya mahayuddhanantar tyancha ugam jhaala. sookshm gadyanche purvavarti voiterate aanee cycle qaar aahet. japanmadhye 1949 pasoon keii karcha vapar keela jaat aahe.
microcars aanee keii karchi udaharaneh
aaa-vibhag/shahar qaar/miinii compact.
samanya qaar mhanoon nondanikrut asalelya vahananchya sarvat lahan shrenila europemadhye aii-segment kinwa europe aanee americet 'ciity qaar' mhanatat. united states paryavaran sanrakshn sansthene yaa shrenichi vyakhya "miinii compact" ashee kelee aahe."matra, hii sandnya mothya pramanat vaparali jaat nahee.
aii-segment karchya samatulya qaar 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun tayar kelya jaat aahet. tathapi, 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat jevha mool fiate 500 aanee bmc miinii pradarshit karnyat aalee tevha yaa shrenichi lokpriyata vadhali.
aii-segment/ciity qaar/miinii compact karchi udaharaneh
bii-vibhag/supermini/subcompact.
pudhil mothya shrenichya lahan gadyanna bii-segment europe, united kingadammadhe supermini aanee united statesmadhye subcompact mhanatat.
sanyukt rajya paryavaran sanrakshn sansthene (eae. pii. aii.) up-compact karcha aakar, antargat aanee malvahatukiche ektrit praman asey paribhashit kele aahe. eae. pii. aii. chee lahan miinii compact shreni samanya janata samanyatah vaparat naslyamule, aii-segment carsna kadhikadhi united statesmadhye sub-compact mhatale jaate. europe aanee gret brittenmadhye, bii-vibhag aanee supermini shreninmadhye aakarachya aadhare konatihi aupcharik vyakhya nahee.
gret brittenmadhil suruvatichya supermini gadyanmadhye 1977chya phorda festa aanee waxhall shevetcha samavesh aahe.
americet, sthanik patalivar tayar kelelya pahilya up-compact qaar 1970 aii. emm. see. gremlin, shevrolet vega aanee phorda pinto hotya.
bii-segment/supermini/sub-compact gadyanchi udaharaneh
see-vibhag/lahan kutumb/sankshipt.
chhotya gadyanchya sarvat mothya shrenila europemadhye 'see-segment' kinwa 'small family qaar' aanee americet 'compact qaar' mhanatat.
compact karcha aakar united states environmental protection agencyne (eae. pii. aii.) paribhashit keela aahe, jyamadhye ekoon aateel aanee malvahatuk aakarman kitee aahe.
see-segment/compact/lahan kautumbik gadyanchi udaharaneh
dii-vibhag/mothe kutumb/madhyam aakar.
europemadhye pravasi gadyansathi tisya kramankachya sarvat mothya shrenila 'dii-segment' kinwa 'large family qaar' mhanatat.
united statesmadhye, samatulya sandnya "madhyam aakarachya" kinwa "madhyavarti" qaar aahe. yuu.ess. paryavaran sanrakshn sanstha (eae. pii. aii.) madhyam aakarachya karchi vyakhya ashee karate qee tyat pravasi aanee malvahatuk yanche ektrit praman kitee asate.
dii-segment/mothya kutumbachya/madhyam aakarachya gadyanchi udaharaneh
eae-vibhag/karyakari/purn aakar.
europemadhye, pravasi gadyansathi eae-segment/executive qaar hii dusari sarvat mothee shreni aahe, jee sahasa lakzari qaar asatat.
itar deshanmadhye, samatulya sandnya "purn-aakarachi qaar" kinwa "mothee qaar" aahet, jyaa tulanene parvadananya mothya karsathi dekhil vaparlya jaatat jyanna lakzari qaar manale jaat naheet.
purn aakarachya alishan nasalelya gadyanchi udaharaneh
eff-segment/lakzari saloon/purn-aakarachi lakzari.
"khalee lakzari saloon/purn-aakaracha lakzari vibhag pahaa."
minivan/emm. pii. vhee. ess.
minivan heey american karche vargikaran aahe, jeey mageel aasan ranganmadhye pravashanchi vahtook karnyasathi tayar kelele aahe, done kinwa teen ranganmadhye punarsanrachana karnyayogya aasan aahet. bahuuddeshiy vahan (emm. pii. vhee.), lokvahu vahan aanee lock chalavanare yaa samatulya sandnya british ingrajimadhye aahet. minivanmadhye anekada 'vann-boxes' kinwa 'too-boxes' boddy configuration, unch chhappar, sapat majale, mageel pravashansathi sarkanare darvaje aanee uchch etch-point aasan asatat.
miinii emm. pii. vhee.
miinii emm. pii. vhee. haah emm. pii. vhee. chaa sarvat lahan aakar aahe aanee vahane anekada bii-segment hatchback modelchya platformwar bandhali jaatat.
miinii emm. pii. vhee. chee udaharaneh
compact emm. pii. vhee.
compact emm. pii. vhee. haah emm. pii. vhee. chaa madhyam aakar aahe. sankshipt emm. pii. vhee. aakar varg haah miinii emm. pii. vhee. aanee mothya emm. pii. vhee. (minivan) aakar varganchya darmyan asato.
jaree compact emm. pii. vhee. pramukhyane eka european ghatana rahili asali, taree tee anek lattin american aanee ashiyai bajarpethanmadhyehi tayar aanee vikali jaatat.
sankshipt emm. pii. vhee. chee udaharaneh
mothya emm. pii. vhee.
chhotya vanchya sarvat mothya aakarala 'mothe emm. pii. vhee.' asehi sambodhale jaate aanee 1984 chya reynolt espace aanee dodge karvanchya parichayanantar lokpriy jhaale. 1990 chya dashakapasun, minivanche lahan sankshipt emm. pii. vhee. aanee lahan emm. pii. vhee. aakar dekhil lokpriy jhaale aahet. jarr 'minivan' haah shabd aakar nirdisht naan karata vaparla gela asel, tarr too sahasa mothya emm. pii. vhee. chaa sandarbh deto.
mothya emm. pii. vhee. chee udaharaneh
lakzari vahane.
premium compact.
premium compact class (jyala sub compact executive dekhil mhanatat) hii lakzari karchi sarvat lahan shreni aahe. 2000 chya dashakachya madhyat jevha audie, bmw aanee mercedees-benz yasarkhya european utpadakanni naveen pravesh-stariy models sadar kele jeey tyanchya sankshipt karyakari modelspeksha lahan aanee swast hote, tevha teey lokpriy jhaale.
utkrusht aakarachya compact gadyanchi udaharaneh
compact executive/lakzari compact.
compact executive qaar kinwa compact lakzari qaar hii 'premium compact' peksha mothee aanee 'executive qaar' peksha lahan asaleli premium qaar asate. compact executive qaar madhyam aakarachya karchya samatulya aakarachya asatat aanee european qaar vargikaranatil dii-segmentcha bhag aahet.
uttar amerikechya drushtine, jawalche samatulya mhanje "lakzari compact" aanee "entry-level lakzari qaar", jaree nantarche lahan "premium compact qaar" sathee dekhil vaparale jaate.
compact executive gadyanchi udaharaneh
karyakari/madhyam aakarachi lakzari.
executive qaar hii 'compact executive' peksha mothee aanee 'purn-aakarachya lakzari' karpeksha lahan asaleli eka utkrusht qaar aahe. european qaar vargikaranat karyakari karche eae-segment qaar mhanoon vargikaran kele aahe.
united states aanee itar anek deshanmadhye, samatulya shreni purn-aakarachi qaar (purn-aakarachi lakzari karchya european shrenishi gondhal ghaloo naye) kinwa madhyam-aakarachi lakzari qaar aahet.
karyakari gadyanchi udaharaneh
lakzari saloon/purn-aakarachi lakzari.
lakzari karcha sarvat motha aakar united kingadammadhe 'lakzari saloon' aanee americet 'purn-aakarachi lakzari qaar' mhanoon olakhala jaato. european qaar vargikaranat yaa karche eff-segment qaar mhanoon vargikaran kele aahe.
yaa shrenitil vahane hii anekada lakzari qaar brandchi pramukh models asatat.
lakzari saloonchi udaharaneh
creeda/kamgiri qaar.
jyaa qaar hatalani kinwa saral reshechya pravegala pradhanya detat tyanna sports qaar kinwa performance qaar mhanatat. tathapi, 'sports qaar' haah shabd kahivela visheshtah halakya vajanachya done aasan asalelya gadyansathi dekhil vaparla jaato. creeda/kamgiri qaar ektar adviteey platformwar tayar kelya jaau shakatat kinwa niyamit karchya sudharit aavrutya asoo shakatat.
creeda/kamgiri karchya samanya shreni pudhilpramane aaheth
yaa shreninsathichya vyakhya byavachada aspasht asatat aanee qaar anek shreninchi sadasya asoo shakate.
sports qaar.
khelanchya gadyanchi rachana hatalani, kamgiri kinwa vahan chalavanyachya romanchavar jore denyasathi kelee jaate. sports karcha ugam 1900 chya dashakachya suruvatila europemadhye jhaala, 1919 madhye united kingadammadhil 'daad times' vruttapatrat 'sports qaar' yaa shabdacha pahila nond kelela vapar hota. 1920 chya dashakat sports qaar lokpriy houu lagalya. hii sandnya mulat done aasan asalelya rastyavaril (nishchit chhappar nasalelya qaar) lokansathi vaparali jaat asey. tathapi, 1970 chya dashakapasun hii sandnya nishchit chhappar asalelya (jyanna purvi bhavya paryatak manale jaat hote) gadyansathi dekhil vaparali jaat aahe.
sports karchi udaharaneh
sports sedan/sports saloon.
sports sedan'-jyala 'sports saloon' asehi mhanatat-hii sedan/saloon karsathi eka vyaktinishth sandnya aahe jee creeda kamgiri kinwa hatalani vaishishtye thevanyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahe.
sports sedanchi udaharaneh
supercar/hypercar.
supercar-jyala videshi qaar dekhil mhanatat-heey kahee uchch-karyakshamatechya sportskarche shithilpane paribhashit kelele varnan aahe. 1990 kinwa 2000 chya dashakapasun, hypercar haah shabd sarvadhik kamgiri karananya suparkaransathi vaparat aala aahe.
suparkarchi udaharaneh
ess. yuu. vhee. ess./auph-road vahane.
auph-road kshamata kinwa shaili vaishishtye asalelya pravasi vahananche vargikaran bahudha ektar auph-road vahane, creeda upayuktata vahane kinwa crossover ess. yuu. vhee. mhanoon kele jaate. yaa shreninmadhye samanyatah manya kelelya seema naheet aanee yaa atincha vapar deshannusar badalato.
auph-road vahan.
sarvat suruvatichya prakarchya pravasi vahanala 'auph-roader', 'phoor-buy-phoor' kinwa 'phoor-vheel drive' mhanatat. auph-road vahane samanyatah ess. yuu. vhee. ess. aanee crossover ess. yuu. vhee. ess. peksha auph-road kshamatevar adhik laksh kendrit karatat (anekada tyanchya aun-road ridechya gunavatteshi kinwa hatalanishi tadjod karatat). chaar chakee vahane chalvane, uchch ground clearance, boddy-aun-frame (swatantra chesis) bandhkam aanee qamee-shrenichi gearing hii auph-road vahananchi samanya vaishishtye aahet.
auph-road vahananchi udaharaneh
creeda upayuktata vahan.
sports utility vekil (ess. yuu. vhee.) madhye rastyavar jaananya pravasi gadyanchya ghatakancha, rastyabaherchya vahananchya vaishishtyansah, jase qee unchavaril ground clearance aanee chaar chakee chalavanyachya ghatakancha samavesh hoto.
ess. yuu. vhee. chee konatihi sarvasadharanpane manya keleli vyakhya nahee aanee vapar deshannusar badalato. kahee vyakhyanmadhye assa dawa keela aahe qee ess. yuu. vhee. haah halakya truckchya chesisvar bandhala jaane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, eka vyapak vyakhya auph-road design vaishishtye asalelya konatyahi vahanala ess. yuu. vhee. manate. kahee deshanmadhye-udaharanarth united states-ess. yuu. vhee. chey vargikaran "halake truck" mhanoon kele gele aahe, parinami pravasi gadyanchya tulanet adhik saumya niyam tayar hotat.
ess. yuu. vhee. chey purvavarti 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhapasun lashkari aanee qamee-aakarachya modelsche aahet aanee 1949 madhye suru jhalelya chaar chakee vahan station wagon/carriol. 1984 chee jeep cheroki (ex. jeey.) hii aadhunik shailitil pahili ess. yuu. vhee. manali jaate. aaj utpadit honanya bahutek ess. yuu. vhee. madhye unibody bandhkam vaparale jaate (pravasi gadyannusar). tathapi, purvi, anek ess. yuu. vhee. neey boddy-aun-frame bandhkam vaparale hote.
ess. yuu. vhee. ess. chee udaharaneh
crossover ess. yuu. vhee.
crossover ess. yuu. vhee.-jyala crossover kinwa kiyu. vhee. asehi mhanatat-haah eka prakarcha creeda upayuktata vahan (ess. yuu. vhee.) aahe joou unibody bandhkam vaparato. crossover heey anekada pravasi karsah samayik kelelya vyaspithavar aadharit asatat, parinami, tyanchyakade samanyatah adhik aaramdayi aanee indhan bachat asate, parantu truck-aadharit ess. yuu. vhee. peksha qamee auph-road kshamata (anek crossover aul-vheel driveshivay vikale jaatat), jaree pravasi karpeksha jaast.
vahane crossover kinwa ess. yuu. vhee. ess. manali jaatat qee nahee yabaddal vividh visangati aahet, mhanoon ess. yuu. vhee. hii sandnya anekada crossover aanee ess. yuu. vhee. ess. yaa donhisathi catch-aul mhanoon vaparali jaate.
crossover ess. yuu. vhee. ess. chee udaharaneh
sarkari vargikaran paddhati.
heey vargikaran sharirachya shailivar aadharit asoo shakate (udaa.jee. sedan, koop kinwa hatchback), darvajanchi sankhya kinwa basanyachi kshamata.
sarkari vibhag anekada curr aakarani kinwa vahananchya vaparache niyaman karnyachya uddeshane vargikaran yojana tayar karatat (udaa.jee. jyaa vahananna vishisht parvanyachi aavashyakta asate kinwa vishisht rastyanparyant maryadit asatat). kahee adhikarkshetra paryavaraniy tattvanvar aadharit vahan curr nishchit karoo shakatat, jase qee vaparkarta bharana tattva.
austreliya.
austreliyamadhye, automotive udhyoganche federal chamber swatache vargikaran prakashit karate.
canada.
canadian eae. pii. aii. dware samaan vargancha sanch vaparla jaato. canadian national collision databases (aine. see. dii. bii.) pranali "pravasi qaar" chee vyakhya eka adviteey varg mhanoon karate, parantu pravasi vahanancha samavesh asalelya itar done shreni dekhil olakhate-"pravasi vanne" aanee "halake upayukt vahan"-aanee yaa shreni deshbharat asangatpane hatalalya jaatat aanee vahananmadhil seema vadhatya aspashtatesah.
united kingdam.
united kingadammadhe vahanache bandhkam, engine, vajan, indhanacha prakar aanee utsarjan tasech jyaa uddeshasathi teey vaparale jaate tyanusar vahanavar curr aakarla jaato.
united states.
americet, 2010 pasoon mahamarg surakshesathi vima sanstha, tyane vikasit keleli eka yojana vaparte, jee vahanachya padchinhe (lambichya vela rundi) aanee vajan yaa donhinche sanyojan vicharat ghete.
united states national hayave traffic sefty administration (aine. etch. tii. ess. aii.) vahananchya niyantran vajananusar, indhan, teel, shitalak aanee vatanukoolan, jarr tase susajj asel tarr, kamal kshamtesah pramanit upkaranansah, vahananna varganmadhye vegale karate.
united states federal hayave prashasanane rasta vaparachya tolchi svayanchalit ganana karnyasathi vaparali jaanari vargikaran yojana vikasit kelee aahe. vahan pravasi kinwa vastoo vahoon nett aahe qee nahee yavar avalambun done vyapak shreni aahet. vastoo vahoon nenanya vahananche pudhe vidyut aanee vahantal asha donhi sadhanansah, akshanchi sankhya aanee sadhananchya sankhyedvare upavibhag kele jaatat.
united states environmental protection agencyne (yuu. ess. eae. pii. aii.) samaan vahananmadhye indhan kifayatshiratechi tulana karnyasathi eka vargikaran yojana vikasit kelee aahe. pravasi vahananche vargikaran vahanachya ekoon aateel pravasi aanee malvahatuk pramananusar kele jaate. truckche vargikaran tyanchya ekoon vahan vajan manankanachya (jee. vhee. doubleu. aar.) aadhare kele jaate. avjad vahanancha eae. pii. aii. yojnet samavesh nahee.
1920 chya dashakat americetil kahee shaharanni vijevar chalana vahananna suut denyacha nirnay ghetala kaaran adhikanyanna asey vatale qee tyaa vahananmule "padapathanvar mothya pramanat ghasaran hott nahee".
uttar american bajar vibhag.
khalee soochibaddha kelelya itar anek vibhaganchi varnane uttar americet vaparali jaatat. yaa vibhagantil qaar itar deshanmadhyehi vikalya jaau shakatat. tathapi, yaa sandnyancha vapar mukhytah uttar americetil lokansathi vishisht aahe.
snayu qaar.
snayu qaar hii uchch-karyaksham karsathi eka american sandnya aahe, samanyatah mageel chaak chalavanaya aanee mothya aanee shaktishali vhee8 engine susajj. yaa shabdacha ugam 1960 chya dashakat aanee 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila mothya pramanat utpadit honanya gadyanchya vishesh aavruttyanpasun jhaala, jyaa dragg resingsathi tayar kelya gelya hotya.
snayu vahanachi udaharaneh
poney qaar.
poney qaar haah american automobilecha varg aahe joou 1964 madhye phorda mustangpasoon prerit aanee suru karnyat aala. tyane dusya mahayuddhanantarchya serve automobile vikriche vikram modale, jyamule spardhakanni lavkarach swikarleli 'poney qaar' chee craise nirman jhaali."hii sandnya sporty kinwa kamgiri-kendrit pratimesah parvadananya, sankshipt, uchch shailichya karche varnan karate.
ghodyanchya gadyanchi udaharaneh
vaiyaktik lakzari qaar.
vaiyaktik lakzari qaar haah uttar americetil bajaratil eka vibhag aahe, joou aay. dii. 1. pasoon tayar honanya premium koop kinwa convertiblesathi aahe. yaa done darvajanchya karmadhye aaramdayi, shaili aanee uchch patalichya aateel vaishishtyanna pradhanya dile jaate. jastit jaast aateel jagela pradhanya naan deta, aateel khand madhyam aakarachya gadyanchya samatulya aakarache asatat aanee european qaar vargikaranatil dii-vibhagacha bhag asatat aanee bahya parimane eff-vibhagapeksha jaast asoo shakatat.
200, 000 unitschee vikri karananya '1958-60 phorda thunderbird' chya yashanantar yaa vibhagachi lokpriyata vadhali. general motors aanee chryslerchya vaiyaktik lakzari gadyanmadhye anukrame book rivera aanee chrysler cordoba yancha samavesh aahe.
vaiyaktik lakzari gadyanchi udaharaneh
compact creeda.
parvadananya compact qaar kinwa sub-compact karchi eka creeda aavrutti. konatihi achook vyakhya nahee aanee heey varnan vividh prakarchya modelschya vipanan uddeshansathi lagoo kele jaate.
1980 chya dashakachya madhyat jevha american nirmit coopsveril paryay packagesasathi karcha vapar keela gela tevha sports compact mhanoon karche vipanan suru jhaale. tevhapasoon, europe aanee aashiyatun aayat kelelya swatantra sports qaar models aanee karsathi dekhil yacha vapar keela jaat aahe.
european samatulya eka garam hatch aahe. tathapi, spoort compact heey keval hatchback boddy shailinpurte maryadit naheet.
spoort compact karchi udaharaneh
european bajar vibhag.
khalee soochibaddha kelelya itar anek vibhaganche varnan europemadhye vaparale jaate. yaa vibhagantil qaar itar deshanmadhyehi vikalya jaau shakatat. tathapi, yaa sandnyancha vapar mukhytah europemadhil lokansathi vishisht aahe.
bhavya paryatak.
grand tourer (jee. tii.) hii eka ashee qaar aahe jee uchch gatee aanee lamb pallyachya vahanchalanasathi, kamgiri aanee lakzari vaishishtyanchya sanyogamule tayar kelee gelee aahe. sarvat samanya swaroop mhanje done-aasan kinwa 2 + 2 vyavsthesah samorche engine, mageel chaak chalvinare done-darvajache koop.
hii sandnya italian bhashetil 'gran turismo' yaa vakyanshavarun aalee aahe, joou 1950 chya dashakapasun ingraji bhashet lokpriy jhaala, 1930 chya dashakat vegwan tour qaar aanee suvyavasthit bund sports karpasoon vikasit jhaala.
bhavya paryatakanchi udaharaneh
garam hatch.
hott hatch (hott hatchbackpasoon sankshipt) hii mothya pramanat utpadit hatchback karchi uchch-karyakshamatechi aavrutti aahe.
yaa shabdachi utpatti 1980 chya dashakachya madhyat jhaali. tathapi, 1970 chya dashakapasun hatchbachya uchch-karyakshamatechya karkhanyatil aavrutya tayar kelya jaat aahet.
samore-basavaleli petrol injine, samore-chaak chalvinyabarobarach, hii sarvat samanya powertrain mandani aahe. tathapi, 2010 chya aaspaspasun aul-vheel drivecha vapar adhik samanya jhaala aahe. bahutek hott hatches europe kinwa ashiyamadhye tayar kelya jaatat.
garam hatcheschi udaharaneh