
navat bhasha

navat (shaikshanikdrushtya pipil, jyala nahuaat asehi mhanatat) hii madhya americetil moolchi nahuan bhasha aahe. too youto-eztecan kutumbatil sarvat dakshinekadil vidyaman sadasya aahe. spanish vasahatikaranachya aadhi sadhyachya madhya amerikechya anek bhaganmadhye heey bolale jaat hote, parantu aata teey mukhytah paschim ell salvadorpurte maryadit aahe. ell salvadormadhye too namshesh honyachya margavar aahe aanee madhya americet anyatra aadhich namshesh jhaala aahe. 2012 madhye, mothya sankhyene naveen 'navat' vakte disu lagale. aaj yaa bhasheche punarujjivan hott aahe.
all salvadormadhye, navat (nahuaat) hii anek gatanchi bhasha hotih nonalcos, cuscatalcos, izalcos aanee sthalantarit toltekchi nahua vividhata mhanoon olakhali jaate. yaa bhasheche 'pipil' heey naav bahutek aantarrashtriy vidwan samudayadvare nahuaatlapasun adhik spashtapane vegale karnyasathi vaparale jaate. nikaraguamadhye heey nikarao lock bolat asat, jeey dakshinekade sthalantarit jhalyavar ii. sha. 1200 chya sumaras pipilpasoon vegale jhaale. 16 vya shatkat navat hii tethil bhasha bunley. nahuaat-spanishcha sankarit prakar 19vya shatkaparyant anek nikaraguan lock bolat asat.
varnan.
bahutek lekhak yaa bhashecha sandarbh 'navat', 'nahoot', 'pipil' kinwa 'nikrao' yaa navanni detat. tathapi, meksikochya dakshinekadil dakshin veracruz, tabasco aanee chiapas yaa rajyanmadhil nahuatla bhashechya prakaranna sandarbhit karnyasathi 'navat' ('purv nahuatla' yaa samanarthi shabdasah) dekhil vaparale gele aahe, pipilpramanech purvicha/tii/vyanjan (eka parshviy africate) qamee karoon aii/tii/keela aahe. tyaa mexican vyakhyananmadhye nahuaatlachya itar prakaranpeksha navtashi adhik samya aahe.
navat tadnya (campbelle, fidias gymenase, geophroy rivas, king, lemus aanee schultz, itar goshtimbarobarach) samanyatah kiman vyavharat taree pipil/navtala eka vegali bhasha mhanoon manatat. lastra daad suarez (1986) aanee canger (1988) yanni pipilache vargikaran nahuaatalchya "purvekadil parigh" bolibhashanmadhye kele aahe.
vargikaran.
youto-eztecan nirvivadpane nahuansah aath shakhanmadhye vibhagalele aahe. uchch stariy gatanchi padtalani karnyasathi sanshodhan suru aahe. tathapi, dakshinekadil chaar shakhanchya campabeldware sweekarle gelele gut adyap sarvatrikpane sweekarle gelele naheet.
sthitee.
2012 paryant, bhashashastradnya alaan aar. yanchya sanketsthalavar naveen shikanyasathi vyapak online sansadhane upalabdh aahet. king, jyat video dhade aanee facebook gut samavisht aahe. bhasha shikanayansathi 'naisargik aushadhe, parampara, paramparik khel, krishi paddhati aanee balpanatil ganee yasarkhya pipil sanskrativar' laksh kendrit karnara, jiwant bhasha sansthechya sahkaryane eka video dastaivajikaran prakalp dekhil suru aahe.
gwatemala, honduras, nikaragua aanee panamamadhil navatche prakar aata namshesh jhaale aahet. all salvadormadhye, navat dhokyat aaheh heey mukhytah sonsonet aanee sann salvador aanee aahuachapanchya salvadoran vibhaganmadhil kahee vruddha bhashik bolatat. pakakruti aanee santo domingo dii gujman yaa shaharanmadhye bhashikanchi sankhya sarvadhik aahe. campbelcha 1985 chaa andaj (1970-1976 aayojit kelelya maidani kamavar aadharit) 200 vakte hote. gorden (2005) neey ahwal deela aahe qee 1987 madhye fakt 20 bhashik shillak hote. adhikrut mexican ahavalanmadhye 2000 bhashikanchi nond kelee aahe.
bolananyanchi nemki sankhya nishchit karane katheen aahe kaaran 20 vya shatkat (1932 salvadoran shetkari uthav dadpalyanantar jhalelya hatyakand, jyaa kayadyanni 'navat' bolane bekaydeshir kele) navat bolananyanvar honara chhal tyanna bhashecha tyancha vapar lapvayala lavto. (kahee aathvadyanchya kalat uthavadarmyan sumare 30,000 lock marle gele aanee jeey naveen niyamanchya virodhat tyanchya gharabaher 'navat' bolat hote, tyanni laaj aanee bheeti nirman kelee."carlos cortez yaa tarun navat bhashechya karyakartyane 2010 madhye spasht kele qee hii bheeti vruddha bhashikansathi adhik white aahe.)
all salvadormadhil navatche punarujjivan karnyasathi 1990 pasoon kahee lahan prakalpancha prayatna keela jaat aahe. association coordinadoora dii communidase indigenas dii ell salvador (acs) aanee universided donn bosco auph sann salvador yaa doghannihi kahee shaikshanik sahitya tayar kele aahe. monica prabhagane eka online bhashecha abhyaskram vikasit keela aahe. navat bhasha punarprapti upkram' hii talagalatil eka sanghatana aahe jee sadhya suru asalelya bhasha dastaivajikaran prakalpasah anek upkramanmadhye guntaleli aahe aanee tine mudrit sahityachi eka shreni dekhil tayar kelee aahe. asha prakare, sthanik bhashikanchi sankhya qamee hott asatana, kahee bhaganmadhye hii bhasha jiwant thevanyachya babatit ruchi vadhat aahe, parantu 2002 paryant, rashtriy sarkar yaa prayatnanmadhye sameel jhaale navhate (see. eff. vividh, 2002).
2010 paryant, santo domingo dii gujman shaharat, jithe teen teey paach varshe vayogatatil mule 'navat' shikatat, donn bosco vidyapithachya sahkaryane chalanare 'zuchikisa navat' ('jyaa gharat navat fulate') heey bhasheche gharate hote.
2010 madhye salvadoranche adhyaksh mauricio funes yanni bhashashastradnya dow. donn bosco vidyapithache george ernesto lemus yanni navat yanchyasobat kelelya kamasathi.
ell diario dii hoy" madheel 2009 chya ahavalanusar, anek vidyapithanchya sanyogane vividh naa-napha sanghatananchya sanwardhan aanee punarujjivanachya prayatnancha parinam mhanoon, nagri yuddhanantarchya punrujjivanasaha, navatane punragman karnyas suruvat kelee hotee. 1980 chya dashakat, navatmadhye sumare 200 vakte hote. 2009 paryant, 3,000 lock 'navat bhasha shikshan karyakram' madhye sahbhagi hott hote, jyat bahusankhya tarun lock hote, jyamule hii bhasha namshesh honyachya umbarathyavarun mage khechali jaau shakate ashee aasha nirman jhaali.
sadhyache bhaugolik vitaran.
1970 chya dashakat jyaa bhagat navat/pipilchi nond campabeldware kelee gelee hotee, tyaa bhagat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
gorden (2009) madhye doloruschi pipil-bhashik kshetra mhanoon yadee aahe. couffman (1970:66) esquintla aanee komapa yanna gwatemalache purviche pipil-bhashik kshetra mhanoon aanee sann augustein acasaguastlan yanna purviche "magicano"-bhashik shahar mhanoon soochibaddha karato. sann augustein acasaguastlan mejikanochi anuvanshik sthitee ajunahi anishchit aahe ("alagulac bhasha pahaa"). tathapi, sadhya gwatemalamadhye nahuan bhasha bolalya jaat naheet.
navat aanee nahuatal yanchi tulana kelee jaate.
dhvanyatmakata.
anek mexican bolibhashanmadhye navatchi done thalak vaishishtye aadhaltatah ekach moolbhut golakar swar dhvanicha pramukh swarshabd mhanoon [oo] aivaji [tii] teey [tii] aanee [yuu] madhye badal. tyamule hii vaishishtye vaishishtyapurn aahet parantu nidanatmak naheet.
tathapi, navat heey keval done shastriy nahuatla dhwaninshi aanee nammatra bahuvachan pratyayatil antim "saltilo" kinwa glottle stop yaa shabdashi dekhil sambandhit nahee (udaa.jee. nutt'-mett ': shastriy'-meh ') aanee shabdik bahuvachan shevat (' nutt '-tii' vartaman bahuvachan ','-kett 'bhootkal bahuvachan ii.). heey/tii/heey shastriy nahuatla prativartapeksha adhik puratan aahe, jethe disha badal> "saltilo" aahe, yaa gruhitkavar, heey tathya anuvanshik vargikaranatil navatchya sthitisathi nidanatmak asalyacha dawa campabelane keela aahe.
mool jaminetche ekerichya navatmadhye vilinikaran heey aanakhi eka vaishishtyapurn dhvanyatmak vaishishtya aahe.
vyakaran.
navat' madhye shastriy 'nahuatla' madhye kahee vyakaran vaishishtyancha abhav aahe, jase qee kriyapadanmadhil purvicha upsarg 'oo-'. teey itaranche vegalya prakare vitaran karateh udaharanarth, 'ghatanatmak' bhootkal rachana, jee shastriy bhashet khoop samanya aahe, tee 'nutt' madhye astitvat aahe parantu tee khoop durmil aahe. dusarikade, eztekchya bhashet adhik maryadit vitaran asalelya bahuvachan sandnya tayar karnyasathi punaravrutti, navatmadhye mothya pramanat samanyikrut kelee jaate. ajunahi shastriy nahuaatlamadhye utpadak asalelya itar vyakaranatmak vaishishtyanni navatmadhye keval jivashmit khuna sodale aaheth udaharanarth, samkramit navatmadhye konatehi postposition nasate, jaree kahee shabdik prakar vyutpattishastranusar junya postpositional swarupanpasun prapt hotat, udaa.jee. "apan" 'nadee' <* 'panyat/', 'kujtan' 'lagvadikhalil jameen, jungle' <* 'zadakhali'; aadhunik navatmadhye hya samkramitpane vishleshan karnyayogya naheet.
sandnya vakyansh.
aine. eae.' aanee 'seey' yaa done mothya pramanavar vaparlya jaananya vastoo, 'navat' neey vikasit kelya aahet. pratyakshik sarvanam/nirdharak 'inn "' heey, heey 'aanee' yuni " teey 'dekhil vishisht swarupat' nutt 'aahet. sankhyeche anivarya chinhankan navatmadhye jawaljawal serve bahuvachan sandnya vakyanshanparyant (animacychi parva naan karata) vistarte, jyamadhye kiman eka bahuvachan swaroop asel, jeey samanyatah dwigunanadware chinhankit kele jaate.
-ti" (cf.) pasoon anek sandnya sthitisathi aparivartaniy aahet. shastriy "-ti", vyanjanannantarcha paripoorn pratyay) haah bahupadi sandnyechya gathimadhye kvachitach jodala jaato, tarr shastriy uttar-samaroop rachana pratyay "-vii", navatmadhye purnapane adnyat aaheh asha prakare "sin-ti" 'makaa': "nu-sin" 'majha makaa', "uj-ti" 'marg': "nu-uj" 'majha marg', "mistun" 'manjar': "nu-mistun" 'majhi manjar'.
sandnyanchya mahattvapoorn sankhyemadhye paripoorn swarupancha abhav asato aanee tee keval avibhajyaritya dharan keleli asatat, udaa.jee. "nuu-mea 'majha haat' (parantu *" "mey" "kinwa *" "mey-tii" "nahee)," "nuu-naan " majhi aaee '(parantu *" "naan" "kinwa *" "naan-tii" "nahee), asha prakare shastriy nahuaatlachya tulanet paripoorn-rachana virodhakanchi sankhya aanee paripoorn" "-tii" "chya ghatana aanakhi qamee hotat".
pipil vyakaran pranalitoon postposition kadhoon taknyat aale aahet aanee sambandhatun udbhavananya kahee monosyllabic purvpadavya vyakaranikrut jhalya aahet.
kriyapad.
bhootkal tayar karnyasathi, bahutek nutt kriyapadanmadhye '-k' (swarannantar) kinwa '-k' (vyanjanantar, sadhyachya gabhacha antim swar haravalyanantar), udaa.jee. "qee-nekee" "tyala teey havey aahe": "qee-nekee-keey" "tyala teey havey hote", "qee-maatee" "tyala teey maheet aahe": "qee-mutt-qee" "tyala teey maheet hote". shastriy nahuaatlamadhye itake samanya asalele, sadhyachya dandiche swar kadhoon takanyachi yantrana, 'qee-talia' asey mhanat 'qee-talia (jeey)' asey mhanato, 'muu-talua' asey mhanato, 'too chalavato', 'muu-taloo (jeey)' too dhavto 'aanee itar kahee mojke kriyapad, udaa.jee. "qee-takhtani" 'too tyala vicharato' 'qee-takhtan' 'tyane tyala vicharale'.
-took' (samkramitpane vishleshan karnyayogya nahee), bahuvachan '-tavit' madhye 'navat' paripoorn aahe. aanakhi eka kaal pratyay, "-tuya", haah eka paripoorn ('keey-fitz-tuya neey takat' 'tyane manus pahila hota') aanee sthir kriyapadancha apoorn ('int velii-tuya' 'too karoo shakala nahee') mhanoon karya karato, nantarchya prakaranat mexican bolibhashanmadhye aadhalanaya "-yaa" apurnatechi jaaga ghetali.
navatmadhye done sashart kaal asatat, eka '-skia' madhye sambhavya paristhiti aanee sambhavya parinam vyakt karnara aanee eka '-tuskia' madhye ashakya kalasathi, jaree vyavharat haah farak kadhikadhi aspasht asato. -s" (bahuvachan "-rekhachitra") madheel bhavishyatil kaal pramanit keela jaato parantu kvachitach vaparla jaato, periphrastic bhavishyala pradhanya dile jaate, udaa.jee. "yavee whitz" (kinwa "yu-whitz") 'too yeil'.
anukramik rachnanmadhye, vartaman kaal (kharokharach chinhankit nasalela kaal) samanyatah pahilya kriyapad vagalata aadhalato, nantarchya, eae. chya kalala vicharat naan gheta.jee. "kineki/kinekik/kinekiskia kikwa" 'tyala havey aahe/havey aahe/khayache aahe'.
kriyapadachya suruvatichya gathishi upsarg kase jodale jaatat yabaddal dekhil kahee farak aahet; pramukhyane, jevha prarambhik shabd tyanchya "aay" laa kayam thevato tevha 'navat' madhye 'nee-', 'tii-', 'shhee-' aanee 'qee-' heey upsarg asatat, udaa.jee. "nee-aajasi" 'mea yeto', 'qee-elkawa' 'too teey visarato'.