dongral bhagatil batatyacha dushkal

 
dongral batatyacha dushkal haah kele shatkatil dongral aanee scottish itihasacha (1846 teey andaje 1856) kaal hota, jyavar sankarit aanee pashchimi scottish dongral bhagatil () krishi samudayanni tyanche batate peak (jyavar teey atee-avalambun hote) batatyachya rogane varanvar uddhvast jhalele pahile. 1840 chya dashakachya madhyat batatyachya rogamule uttar europela europela vyapak ann sankatacha too eka bhag hota, jyache sarvat prasiddha prakatikaran mhanje gret ayrish dushkal, parantu tyachya ayrish samkakshanchya tulanet, teey khoopach qamee vyapak hote (gambhirpane dhoka asaleli loksankhya kadhihi 200,000 peksha jaast navhati-aanee anekada khoop qamee) aanee urvarit united kingdamchya twarit aanee mothya dharmaday prayatnanmule tulanene qamee upasamarichi khatri jhaali. matra, jyaa atinvar dharmaday madat denyat aalee hotee, tyamule tee tee garibi aanee kuposhan nirman jhaale. canada kinwa austreliyat sthalantar karoon jokhim asalelya bhagatil loksankhya qamee karnyavyatirikt sarkari chaukashi alpakalin upay suchavu shakat nahee. dongral jamindaranni tyanchya 16,000 hoon adhik bhadekarunchya sthalantarasathi vyavastha kelee aanee paise dile aanee tyanchya swatachya pravasasathi eka lakshaniy parantu adnyat sankhya dilee. puravyanvarun asey soochit hote qee dushkalgrast pradesh kayamswarupi sodoon gelelya bahutansh dongral pradeshvasi scotlandchya itar bhaganmadhye jaanyaivaji sthalantarit jhaale. assa andaj aahe qee paschim scottish dongral pradeshanchya loksankhyepaiki sumare eka trutiyansh lokanni 1841 teey 1861 darmyan sthalantar kele.
pikanchya kshetranchi asurakshitata.
asurakshitata shatkachya uttaradhat aanee kele shatkachya suruvatila, dongral samaj mothya pramanat badalala hota. dongral pradeshanchya purvekadil kathavar, bahutek shetiyogya jameen, shetjameen (tyanchya swatachya malkichi kahee jameen, tyanna pureshi udarnirvah denyasathi apuri) aanee kaatar (swatachi jameen nasalele shet kamgar, kadhikadhi tyanchya niyoktyakadun kinwa shetjameendarakadun jaminicha eka chhotasa bhag up-bhadetatvavar dene) asha kautumbik shetanmadhye vibhagali gelee hotee. arthvyavastha sakhal pradeshanshi villin jhaali hotee, jyanchya jawalikamule vaividhyapurn shetila chalana midali aanee protsahan midale. sakhal bhaganchya jawal asalyamule yaa bhagatoon satatyane loksankhyecha nichara hott hota. paschim betanmadhye aanee lagatchya mukhya bhoomitil vikas khoop vegala hota. sudharnare jamindar banalelya sardaranna pashucharan (samanyatah mendhya, kadhikadhi guredhore) haah sheticha sarvat fayadeshir prakar vatala hota; heey samavoon ghenyasathi tyanni tyanche bhadekaru kinarpattivaril vastyanmadhye halavale hote, jithe tyanna aasha hotee qee maulyavan udyog vikasit kele jaau shakatat aanee eka vyapak peak pranali sthapit kelee jaau shakate (dongral jameen manjuri pahaa). bhadekarunna udhyogat sahbhagi honyasathi protsahit karnyasathi (udaa.jee. masemari, kelp) jamindarala vikas karayacha hota. eka samkalin lekhkala vatale qee jarr tyachya kutumbala daridrya talhayche asel tarr eka kapanila varshatoon 200 divas tyachya malkichya baher kaam karave lagel. kele shatkachya pahilya timahit (moolatah niyojit loksankhyepeksha jaast kamgaranna aakarshit karoon) shetichya vastya jyaa vividh udhyoganna aadhar dett hotya, tyanchi bahutansh bharbharat jhaali, parantu karnyasathi timahit tyat ghat jhaali kinwa teey kosalale. lagvadichi kshetre tyanusar garib hotee, parantu batatyavar adhik avalambun rahoon swatahla tikavoon thevanyas saksham hotee (asey manale jaat hote qee eka ekar batate pikavinare chaar ekar oats oats lokanna aadhar deu shakatat). 1801 teey 1841 darmyan peak kshetrachi loksankhya nimmyahoon adhik vadhali, tarr purv aanee dakshin dongral bhagat tyach kalavadhit vaadh 10 takkyanpeksha qamee hotee. parinami, lagechach purv-prakash, mukhya bhoomichya aargilmadhye pratyek rahivasi lagvadiyogya jameen hotee, tarr skye aanee western rossmadhye keval prati vyakti lagvadiyogya jameen hotih aayarlandpramanech, peak kshetrat loksankhya asha patalivar vadhali hotee jee keval batatyache yashasvi peak gheu shakat hotee.
dushkal aanee garibi.
dushkal (1846-1847).
1846 madhye scottish dongral pradeshat batatyachya rogamule batatyachya pikanche mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale. sumare teen chaturthansh peak kshetramadhye pike ayashasvi jhaali, jyamule sumare 2,00,000 loksankhya dhokyat aalee; pudhil hiwala visheshtah thund aanee barfal hota aanee mrutyuche praman lakshaniy vadhale. prabhavit bhagat majboot asalele scotlandche mukt church, dhokyacha ishara denyasathi aanee madat aayojit karnyasathi tatpar hote, 1846 chya uttaradhat aanee 1847 chya suruvatila sakriyapane asey karnari ekmev sanstha hotee; konatyahi panthachi parva naan karata dilasa denyat aala. yavyatirikt, dushkalgrast pradeshatil 3,000 hoon adhik purushansathi sakhal railwaver kaam karnyasathi mofat charchane vahatukiche aayojan kele. yaa doghanni tyaa bhagatoon jeey lokanna khayala havey hote tyanna kadhoon takale aanee tyanchya kutumbiyanna ann kharedi karnyasathi paise dile.
british sarkarne peak nikami honyachya suruvatichya kalatach dakhal ghetali. tyanna unhalyachya shevati jamindaranni madatisathi tyanchyashi sampark sadhala, parantu jamindaranna konatehi thet anudan nakarle gele, kaaran yamule tyanna tyanchya bhadekarunprati asalelya tyanchya tyanchyanpasoon muktata midali asatee. koshagaratil sahayyak sachiv surr charles travelian (prabhavipane yaa vibhagatil varishtha nagri sevak) yanni netrutva kele. kele shatkachya madhyatil samanya drushtikonamule sarkar pratibandhit hoteh kiman hastakshep aanee samanya bajar shaktinchya mukt khelala tras houu naye yasathi tivra chinta hotee. yaa sattadhari aarthik siddhantanchya maryada asoonahi, september 1846 chya patrat, 'lokanna konatyahi paristhitit' upashi rahoo dile jaau shakat nahee ', heey travelian yanni purnapane spasht kele.
dongral jamindaranni tyanchya bhadekarunna dushkalatun dilasa denyasathi tyanchya tyanchya paar padalya yachee khatri karane hii sarkarchi pahili krutee hotee. gharmalakacha pratisad vegvegala hota. kahinkade heey karanyachi sansadhane aanee tayari donhi hotee. itar, samanyatah urvarit aanuvanshik jameenmalakanpaiki, dhokadayak aarthik sthiteet hote aanee apeksha purn karnyasathi sangharsh karat hote, tyapaiki kahijan tyanchya kshamatechya abhavabaddal nakar dett hote. shevatchya vargat, jyanchyakade tyanchya bhadekarunchya madatisathi nidhi upalabdh karoon denyache sadhan hote, parantu tyanni tase naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala, tyanchyavar sarkarne motha dabav aanala. varishtha madat madat tyanchya malmattanchi vaiyaktik tapasani kelee (yasathi vahtook puravanyasathi shahee naudalakade eka steamers hote). jyanni ajunahi palan kele nahee, tyanna tyanna hivalyat aupcharik soochana denyat aalya. samasyechya malmattecha kahee bhag vikoonahi, tyanni dilelya madaticha kharch sarkar vasool karel, ashee dhamki denyat aalee. madatkaryasathi unhalyaparyant, cluniche kukhyat curnell johnn gorden yannahi varishtha madat adhikari surr edward pine shavpetine, gharmalakachya sarvat white vargachya palikade sudharana jhalyache manya kele.
sarkarne 1846-7 chya hivalyat portree aanee tobarmori yethe done bhojan depo tainat kele aanee prabhavit bhagat madat madat eka pathak tayar kele. depo keval bajarbhavat jevan vikayache-anudanacha konatahi sanket mukt bajar tattvanchya virodhat gela. tathapi, sthanik tanchaimule vadhatya kimmati rokhane haah depo sthapan karnyacha uddesh hota-jyamule rajkiy arthvyavasthevaril samkalin drushtikonashi drushtikonashi vyavharik, aavashyak upayayojananchi nivad karnyatil duvidha disun yete. madat karnyachya margansathi vidyaman kayadyanchi tapasani karnyat aalee. sarkarchi bhoomika vadhavanyachya bhitine navinyapurn upay talhanyat aale. niradhar kutumbanna aakasmik madat madat jevan puravanyasathi garibanchya nirikshakanna vivekbuddhichi parvanagi denyat aalee hotee. sadhyachya kayadyacha khoop motha vapar mhanje jaminmalakanna jalnissaran aanee sarvajanik bandhkam kayadyantargat karjasathi arj karnyasathi sakriy protsahan dene. guntaguntichi arj prakriya suvyavasthit kelyanantar, yamule jamindaranna paise midale jyamule tyanna bhadyane dileli jameen sudharanyasathi tyanchi bhadepatti vaparanyachi mubha midali.
mukt charchchya aichchhik prayatnannantar, december 1846 madhye edinbergmadhye madat samitya aanee janewari 1847 madhye glassgo sthapan karnyat aalya. februwari 1847 paryant, mukt church aanee edinberg aanee glassgo gut ektrit houn dongral bhagatil madatisathi kendriya vyavasthapan mandal sthapan kele. madat samityanni madatkaryasathi madatkaryasathi, madatkaryasathi akheris sumare 210,000 paund (andaje 2018 madhye 17 dashalaksh paund itaki krayshakti) jamaa kele hote. madatkarya aayojit shetee itar gatanmadhye british madat sanghatanecha samavesh hota; laurd kinnered aanee earl auph dalhauji yanni tyanchya prayatnanche samanvay kele hote. dushkalachya batmimule scottish-american lokansah scottish diasporane madatkarya aayojit kele. 
sakhal bhagancha twarit pratisad (aanee samasyecha aakar khoopach lahan) yacha arth dushkal madat karyakram aayarlandpeksha scotlandmadhye adhik changlya prakare sanghatit aanee adhik prabhavi hote. aayarlandpramanech, scotlandmadhun khadyapadarthanchya niryativar bandee navhati aanee inverness, wick, chromorty aanee invergordenmadhye, sthanik bandaranmadhun dhanya kinwa batatyachya "niryati" baddalche nishedh shant karnyasathi sainyacha vapar keela jaat asey.
daridrya nivaran (1847-1850).
1847 madhye peak nikami honyache praman qamee hote aanee mrutyuche praman punha samanya jhaale hote; tyanantar sarkarne dushkal nivaran kendriya mandalavar sodale. pikanche nuksan suruch rahile, parantu qamee patalivar, aanee dharmaday madat karyakram keval tyachya nidhichya jawaljawal samaptinantar thambla. eka aadhunik itihaskarane tyachya utkranticha saransh deela aaheh.. haloohaloo tyane madhya-victorian paropkarachi sarvat white vaishishtye sweekarli. ekach velee nirankush aanee nokarshahi, mandal eka gradgrind niyokta banale, jeey sarvajanik kamanvar kathor shramasathi moolbhut majuri dett hote... ". jyanchyakade konatehi kharch karnyayogya bhandwal hote tyanna madat upalabdh navhati (jyacha arth pashudhan samavisht karane assa keela gela). dainandin shidha (otamil kinwa bharatiy bhojanache) suruvatila kendriya mandalane prati purush, prati stree aanee prati mool asey nishchit kele hote. praptakartyankadun tyanchya shidhadhanyasathi kaam karane apekshit hote, jyamule "niradhar raste" aanee qamee (asalyas) vastavik mulyachi itar sarvajanik kaame bandhali jaatil. suruvatila hii garaj katekorpane lagoo kelee gelee nahee, parantu batatyachi pike purv-saumya patalivar parat yeu shakali naheet aanee kendriya mandalala chinta vatoo lagali qee shidha dirghakalin praptakarte "garib" hotil. elemosinary madat... too fayadhyaivaji shaap asel aanee mhanunach dongral bhagatil lokanna heey shikavane atyant aavashyak hote qee tyanni bhavishyasathi tyanchya sansadhananvar avalambun rahile pahije. heey uddisht sadhya karnyasathi tyanna shelipalan, khol khajinyancha vikas aanee kelpchya utpadanavar khatala chalavanyachi soochana dene aavashyak asel. tyanna swatachya payavar ubhe rahnyas protsahit karnyasathi, shidhapatrika qamee karnyat aalee (udaa.jee. prati manus), aanee teey fakt purn aath tasanche kaam kaam dile jaeel. victorian nokarshahine amalat aanaleli aanee naudalatil shist lagoo karnyasathi vaparlya aakarlya jaananya palali jaanari hii "niradharta chachani" swatach mothya pramanat shatrutva nirman karate.
1850 paryant madat nidhi jawaljawal sampalela hota aanee batatyacha pradurbhav kayam rahilyane (madat samityanmadhyehi) dirghakalin upayanchi garaj aahe ashee bhavna vadhat hotee; alpakalin madatichya tartudimule teey swikaranyas vilamb jhaala hota. daridrya nivaran mandalanni september jarr akheris tyanche kamkaj thambavanyachi ghoshana kelee. asey kartana tyanni done chinta vyakt kelyah jarr batatyache peak punha ayashasvi jhaale tarr tarr white hoil; dusarikade, jarr jarr pikavar mothya pramanat parinam jhaala nasata, tarr dongral pradeshantil lokanni tyanna shikavayala havah aanee tyanchya junya paddhatinvar parat yave assa dhada shiku shakanar naheet aanee tyanchya ann aanee utpannachya strotanmadhye vividhata aananyache chaar varshanche prayatna vyarth gele asate.
"elemosinary releafchi samapti" (1850 nantar).
1850 madhye batatyachya pikala punha lakshaniy apayash aale aanee sankatgrast loksankhyela kase aadhar dyayacha haah prashna tevha swabhavikpane upasthit jhaala. scottish garib kayadyanni, englandchya kayadyanpramane, parishmadhun keval aajari aanee durbalannach qamee darane dilasa denyachi parvanagi dilee aanee sthanik patalivar kaam midvanyat aksham asalelya saksham garibanna konatahi dilasa denyas spashtapane manai kelee. 1848 salapasoon surr charles travelian yanni saksham garibanna dilasa midava yasathi scottish garib kayadyat sudharana karavi asey mutt mandale hote; tikakaranni virodh keela qee, nirasheche praman itake hote qee sankatgrast parishmadhil mothya sankhyene berojgaranna keval tyaa parishwar aakarlya aakarlya daranni pathimba milel ashee apeksha karane spashtapane avastav hote.
parganyatil parganyatil chaukashila pratisad detana, sarkarne asey soochit kele qee dharmaday madatkarya sampalyanantar, naa rahat denyasathi, naa sankatgrast bhagatoon sthalantarit honyas madat karnyasathi, atirikt nidhi upalabdh karoon denyacha tyancha hetu navhata. kaam karnyas ichchuk asalelya parantu kaam shodhanyat aksham asalelya saksham garibanna dilasa denyasathi garib kayada canadachya tatpurata dilasa denyacha vivek denara eka kharab kayada kalam (tyachya shabdanchya kahee pramanat viruddha) vaparla jaau shakato asey suchavale gele. paristhitichi chaukashi karnyasathi aanee upayayojananchi shifaras karnyasathi, tyanni (scottish garib vidhee mandalanche) dekhrekh mandalache adhyaksh surr johnn mcneil yanchya netrutvakhali chaukashichi sthapana kelee.
surr johnn mcneil yancha ahwal.
februwari teey april 1851 paryant aapali chaukashi kelyanantar surr johnn yanni julai 1851 madhye aapala ahwal deela. tyanni sadhyachya adchaninche shrey samruddhichya kalat pikanchya up-vibhaganila (kinwa, ekach goshtichya pramanat, ekapeksha jaast kutumbanna ekach kapadidvare aadhar deela jaat hota) aanee dongral bhagantil dweepkalpala dile. jevha kelp udyog kosalala asata tevha teey bahutek loksankhyepasun savayi aanee bhashedvare vegale jhaale nasate aanee urvarit rajyala paradeshi desh manale nasate tarr tyanni nakkich itaratra kaam shodhale asate. asey sthalantar jeey ghadale teey samruddha lokanche hote; tyanchya jaagi jamindaranna mothe charai karnare, jaast bhade bharnyas tayar asalele aanee tyanna bharnyat adhik vishvasarh asey, asey sapadalele hote. tyaa shodhamule tyanna adhik charai tayar karnyasathi kapadi adhik alpabhudharak bhagat halvayala bhag padale.
madat mandalache kamkaj bund jhalyapasun upasamarimule mrutyu jhalyache dnyat navhate (pramananusar sangayache tarr, tyanni namood kele qee 1850 madhye madat mandalane skyver kelela ekoon kharch 1850 madhye skyvaril viskeechya vikrichya karpatra mulyachya nimmyahoon qamee hota, heey anavdhanane lakshat yet aahe qee nantarche 1846 madheel vikrichya mulyachya duppatpeksha jaast hote) aanee andajit manavtavadi sankat pratyakshat aale navhate. skyver, jethe sarkari margdarshanapurvich madat mandalache karya sampalyachya pratisadat parochial board saksham vyaktinna vivekadhin dilasa dett hoteh 
kahee varshanpasun tyanna milat asaleli aarthik madat kayamswarupi asel yaa kalpanepasoon vanchit rahilelya kamgar vargane, sthanik sansadhane aanee tyanchya swatachya shramavar takalelya yaa dhokyavar aataparyant maat kelee asoon, khoop qamee pramanat dilasa midala aahe. yaat kahee shanka nahee qee, dukkh sahan kele gele asave, serve varganvar dabav tivra asavah parantu jyaa tarkheparyant buddhimatta prapt jhaali aahe, toparyant, eka jeev gamavala gela aahe yavar vishvas thevanyas purese kaaran nahee.
parinami, tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee saksham garibanna vyapak madat denyacha karyakram, jaree suu-hetu asala taree, shevati hanikarak tharala hota. saksham garibanna parrish savalaticha dawa karnyacha adhikar denyasathi tyanni scottish garib kayadyat badal karanyachi shifaras kelee nahee, parantu serve parochial mandalanni vivekadhin dilasa denyachi shifaras kelee.
daridryamuktisathi sthanik patalivar sudharananchya vividh yojana rabavanyacha prayatna karnyat aala hota aanee vyapak swikaras patra asalyache aavahan tyanna karnyat aale hote. tathapi, jyaa bhagat yaa yojanancha prayatna keela gela hota, tyaa bhaganvar garibeecha qamee parinam jhaala navhata, tarr urvarit deshanshi sanvad tulanene changla hota, kamachya shodhat hangami sthalantarala jaast manyata hotee kinwa utpannache itar mahattvapoorn srot hote. tyamule, alpavadhit, loksankhyechya kalyanasathi aanee tyanchya sadhyachya adchaninmadhun baher padnyasathi twarit aanee vyapak sthalantar aavashyak hote yavar vyapak sahmati hotee. tyamule sansadene sthalantaritanna madat karnyasathi karj denyas adhikrut kele pahije kaaran tyanchyakade purvi sankatgrast bhagatil sudharananna madat karnyasathi karj hote.
loksankhya qamee jhalyamule, shetkaranna adhik surakshitata deuun (tyamule tyanna krishi sudharanansathi kahee protsahan deuun), shetitil shikshan aanee sathyache vyavasthapan aanee changlya shikshanadvare heey kshetra bhavishyatil sankatanviruddha adhik lavchik kele jaau shakate. "shikshanachi vadhaleli aanee sudharit sadhane lokanna durvarchya thikani upajivikesathi yogyaritya saksham kartil, tasech aata tyanna tyanchya mool sthali maryadit thevanare bandh todanyacha cull asel", parantu shikshan keval 'teen rupaye' madhye nasave; jyaa dnyanasathi uchch pradeshantil shikshanacha sadhya abhav hota, ashee ichcha nirman karnyacha prayatna dekhil keela pahije.
yamule janewari 1852 paryant travelian aanee mcneil yanni hyland aanee eyeland immigration societychi nirmiti kelee.
rog door marto.
rogachi lagan varshanuvarshe parat yet hotee, parantu 1846 salaitaki kadhihi nahee. 1854 salaparyant, batatyachya pikache sampoorn nuksan sthanik blackspot jase qee baaraa aanee harrischya hebridian samudayanmadhye hott hote (jithe rogachi lagan 1846 salapeksha adhik prachalit asalyache mhatale jaat hote). tyanantarchya varshanmadhye samanyatah vividh bhagat rogachi nond jhaali, parantu too nehmi keval anshatah hota aanee aadhi bheeti vatali tashee kadhihi white navhatih "batatyachya rogabaddal kahee gadarol aahe, pann... dukhapatipeksha bheeti mothee asate. luisvar, surr james matheson yanni tyanchya bhadekarunna aadhar denyasathi teen varshant 33,000 pound kharch kele hote; pudhil tees varshanpaiki sahaa varshant tyanna ashich madat dyavi lagali, parantu khoopach qamee pramanat aanee paratfed honyachi adhik shakyata hotih 
parinami loksankhya qamee hone.
bahutek jamindaranni tyanchya pikanchya bhadekarunvar dushkal padanyache parinam qamee karnyasathi kaam keleh bhade sodoon dene, madat samityanna denagi dene, tyanchi swatachi samantar madat karye chalvane, naveen pike aanee udyog suru karnyasathi nidhi dene kinwa junya pikanche punarujjivan karane. tathapi, sadhyachya loksankhyechya patalivar lagvadimadhye dirghakalin samasya aahet heey spasht hott asatana, sarkar tyanchya malmattanvar (ektar thet kinwa kharab kayada sudharanandware) kayamswarupi dilasa denyachi kahee pranali ladel ashee tyanna bheeti vatat hotee. tyaeivaji tyanni tyanchya garib bhadekarunna sakhal pradeshat sthalantarit karnyasathi kinwa paradeshat sthalantarit honyasathi pravrutt karoon samasya sodavanyacha kinwa door karnyacha prayatna keela.
malthaschya kamatoon atirikt loksankhyechya samasyela saiddhantik samarthan midale aanee yacha duke auph suns estatechya vyavasthapnavar nakkich parinam jhaala. scorey jilhyatil tyachya ghatakane (evander messiver) gharmalkala sthalantarasathi anudan denyasathi patvoon denyasathi aanee bhadekarunna deu keleli madat swikaranyas protsahit karnyasathi donhi kaam kele. heey sadhya karnyasathi karnyasathi dukeney bedkhal karnyavar prabhavipane bandee ghatali asali taree, mageel sthalantaritanchya anukool ahavalancha prabhav, tasech samajatil daridryachya pataline lokanna baher padnyasathi protsahan mhanoon kaam kele. atyant garibeene sthalantarat adthala mhanoon kaam kele-jamindarachya aarthik madatichya mahattvavar bharr deela.
1840 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun 1850 chya uttaradhat, pikanchya kshetranni tyanchi sumare eka trutiyansh loksankhya gamavali; mukhya bhoomitil hebride aanee durgam bhagat, jase qee ardanmurachan, nuksan jaast hote, 1856 paryant 40 takkyanhun adhik rahivashanna bedkhal karnyat aale. kahee jamindaranni "sahayyit" sthalantarat yogdan dile (jyaa antargat 16,000 hoon adhik kapadi canada aanee austreliyala paradeshat pathvanyat aale hote), itaranni tyanchya bhadekarunna bhade thakbaki, turf-cutting adhikar aanee itar paddhatinvar kathor margkraman karoon sthalantar karnyas protsahit kele jyavar bhadadaranna paramparikpane kahee mokali parvanagi denyat aalee hotee. parantu-kapasankade karyakalasathi konatihi suraksha naslyamule-jamindar tyanchya anavashyak bhadekarunna sahajpane baher kadhu shakat hote. samajik vyavasthechya payannach aswasth karnara" ishara dett, devdar shavpetila 1848-9 madheel bedkhal karnyachya vyaptimule bheeti vatali. luismadhye, matheson estatemadhun canadamadhye mothya pramanat "aichchhik" sthalantaras gajar (swayamsevkanshi changlya vagnukichi aashvasne) aanee kathee (bhadekarunna tyanchya bhadyachya thakbakichi aanee tyanchya bedkhal honyachya shakyatechi aathvan karoon denari) yaa donhidware protsahan denyat aale. 1880 chya dashakat eka sakshidarane mhatleh "kahee lock mhanatat qee heey aichchhik hote. pann khoop jabardasti kelee gelee aanee yaa lokanna tyanchya ichcheviruddha khoop pathavale gele. heey khoop prasiddha aahe aanee upasthit lokanna teey purnapane changle maheet aahe. arthat, polisanni tyanna aanee yaa serve goshtinna hatat ghetale nahee, parantu teey thakbakivar hote aanee tyanna jaave lagale aanee tyanni jaanyachya virodhat nidarshane kelee."
baaraa-mea pahilele 'sarvat niradhar' sthalantarit.
baaraa heey eka visheshtah katheen prakaran hote aanee kalantarane eka 'kaaran prasiddhi' hote; teey samruddha hote, parantu aanuvanshik mcneil malkane eka kelp kaame ubharali hotee jee bahereel lokanmadhye aakarshit jhaali hotee; kaame aarthikdrushtya akaryaksham tharali hotee aanee tyache nuksan bharoon kadhanyasathi, kapkanche bhade asthir pataliparyant vadhavanyat aale hote. kelpachi kaame sodoon denyat aalee, parantu uchch bhade kayam thevanyat aale. "1830 madhye tyanchya padrinni lihile qee, "lokanchi garibi varnanachya palikade aahe". jaast bhade asoonahi, mcneil diwalkhor jhaala aanee diwalkhorit asalelya tyachya vishvastanni betavaril bahutansh pashudhan (tyanchya utpannacha mukhya srot) japt kele aanee bhade thakbaki bharnyasathi vikale. barra swatach klunichya johnn gordenchya haatee gela, joou 'scotlandmadhil sarvat shrimant samanya manus' hota (1858 madhye 2 dashalaksh paund kimaticha too maran pavala). curnell gorden (too eberdeanshire miliciamadhye curnell hota) tyachya vaiyaktik savayinmadhye kukhyatpane parki hota, parantu tyane tyachya ghatkala bhade vastavadi pataliparyant qamee karnyasathi adhikrut kele aanee betavaril lokanchi sankhya (aanee betavaril tyache utpann) sudharanyasathi vividh yojana (visheshtah khol panyat masemari) karnyacha prayatna keela. yaa yojananna betavaril lokanche thode sahkarya midale (aanee kahee prakarananmadhye sakriy virodh) aanee teey vyarth tharleh 1850 paryant gordankade daha varshe baaraa hotee aanee tyachya paishancha paratava midala nahee. parinami, betavaril lock ajunahi garib hote aanee batatyavar mothya pramanat avalambun hote. shivay, tyanchya gharmalakache tyanchyashi kinwa betavar konatehi bhavnik sambandh navhate aanee betavaril lock heey tyanchya swatachya durdaivache lekhak hote asey tyanche mutt hoteh jarr tyanni tyachya sudharananna pathimba deela asata tarr teey swatahla itaranchya paropkaravar avalambun aadhalanar naheet.
batatyachya rogane barra swayampurn asanyachi konatihi shakyata nasht kelee. november 1850 madhye, tyaa varshichya trundhanyachya pikabaddal asey sanganyat aale qee "teey sumare 453 ballah ann deu shakate, kinwa sumare done mahinyansathi loksankhyechya aadharasathi jeey purese asel; tarihi ashee kutumbe hotee jyanchyakade jevanache itake chake navhate kaaran tyamadhye lock hote."parinami, betavaril lock itaranchya paropkaravar vilakshan pramanat avalambun rahileh 1850 madhye 2,300 loksankhyepaiki 1,965 lokanna dilasa midala. 
gordenne chhotya pikanche mothya malkichya bhaganmadhye ektrikaran karnyacha prayatna keela, jeey tyanchya bhadekarunna (tyanchi aavrutti) adhik changle aadhar deu shaktil kinwa tyanna samarthan dyave dyave niradhar betvasiyanchi sankhya qamee karoo shaktil (tyanchya tikakaranni ghetalelya matey). kahee baaraa betavaril lock 1850 chya khrisamasachya agadi aadhi glassgochya rastyanvar nirupayogi, kurkurit aanee ingraji bolu shakat navhate. tyanchya vatine sangitaleli katha ashee hotee qee meey 1850 madhye tyanchya malkichya bhagatoon bedkhal jhalelya 132 kutumbanpaiki teey keval eka lahan bhag hote; september 1850 madhye madatkarya thambalyavar teey keval osad jaminivar basale. tyanni sarvajanik sahanubhooti vyakt kelee aanee tyanna tyanchya gharatoon aanee dusare mhanje tyanchya janm betavarun kadhoon taklyabaddal scottish vruttapatranmadhye gherav heey tikeche lakshya banale; jevha tyanni tyanna madat karnyacha tyancha konatahi hetu nasalyache soochit kele tevha teeka tivra jhaali. varshachya yaa white velee" tyane konalahi bedkhal kele hote heey gordenne nakarle aanee tyanni baaraa qaa sodala heey serve mahitee nakarli; teey pudhil chaukashiche swagat kartil, kaaran teey yaa prakaranache satya darshavel. tyane tikela uttar detana heey sangitale qee, bedkhal honyapurvi tyane madat samitila sahkarya kele hote, tyanna 1000 paund dile hote aanee betavaril sankat door karnyasathi sumare 2300 paund kharch kele hote; jarr konee tyala dakhavu shakat asel tarr too adhik paise denyas tayar asalyache tyane ghoshit kele.
glassgola pohochalelya baaraa betavaril lokanni patrakaranna mulakhati dilyache disat nahee (aanee tyanantar baaraa parochial bordane julaimadhye baaraa sodoon dilyacha aanee white patre asalyache mhatale). tyanantarcha eka paksh inverness yethe aala aanee eka gailic-bhashik patrakarashi bolala, jyane eka vrutt dile jeey lakshaniyaritya vegale hote parantu gardensathi lakshaniyaritya adhik anukool navhate. inverness pakshane sangitale qee tyanna done teey teen varshanpurvi tyanchya pikanmadhun halavanyat aale hoteh "bekaydeshirpane baher kadhanyat aale hote. hakalpattiche summons pathvanyat aale naheet, kinwa samanya nyayadhishansamor kinwa itar konatyahi prakarchi pavale uchalanyat aalee naheet. curnell gardencha, gardencha lihilelya patrat, jyaa mothya mothya tyanchi pike dilee jaat hotee, tyanchyasathi marg tayar karnyasathi, tyanchi ghare tyanchya kanat odhali jaat hotee, assa nivval adhikar hota. tyanna napik jamineet halavanyat aale hote; tyanchi pike lahan kinwa kharab hotee aanee teey aaramat jagat hote. jevha niradhar mandal kaam karane bund kele hote, tevha gheravane qamee darjache aanee apriy jevan gheuun madat ghetali hotee. tyanna betavarun hakaloon denyat aale navhate; kharey tarr gordenchya factorne tyanna bett sodanyasathi konatihi madat nakarli hotee-pravasasathi jevanachihi garaj navhati. matra, tyanna khatri patali qee, gherav jaanunbujun tyanna 'napsant' karoon baher jaanyacha prayatna karat hota. (gorden aanee tyachya pratinidhinkadun tyanna jhalelya vagnukichya ulat, teey anek dayalupananni antarmukh jhaale hoteh baravaril eka ayrish ayrish tyanna tartudi dilya hotya; northern lightschya dipgruhachya nivida mandalacha karnadhar tyanna dayalupane tobbermoryla gheuun gela hota; tobermorichya shaharantil lokanni tyanna khayala dile hote, tyanna thewale hote aanee obanla tyanche bhade denyasathi paise dile hote; tobbermory-oban packetchya captonne paise denyas nakar deela hota; obanchya lokanni "udaratene tobermorichya lokanna mage takale hote"; aanee asech pudhe.)
1851 madhye, barrchya parochial mandalane nondavale qee ardhyahun adhik loksankhyela jarr tyanchyakade sadhan asel tarach sthalantar karanyachi ichcha aahe. meey mahinyat, tyanni dekhrekh mandalala sangitale qee saksham garibanna dilasa denyasathi tyanchyakade nidhi nahee-mandalane asey karanyachi jababdari tyanchi asalyache parat lihile. jahajanna gherav ghatala aanee baaraa aanee dakshin quistmadhil (aanee alikadech bedkhal jhalelyanna) tyachya bhadekarunna kwebekala jaanyasathi mukt marg deu keela. sumare 1,700 lokanni yaa prastavacha laabh ghetala, parantu cubec yethe pohochalyavar shevatchya jahajatil kahee sadasyanni eka nivedanavar swakshari kelee qee tyanna tyanchya gharmalakane dilelya aashvasananmule (varchya canadala mofat pravas, hamidar kaam, mofat jameen anudan milanyachi shakyata) sthalantar karnyas pravrutt kele gele hote, jeey aata tyanna bhramatmak vatale. tyanni sangitale qee jahajavaril vees jananna sthalantar karnyabaddal tyanche munn badalayache hote, parantu tyanna garden factor aanee eka police havaldarane jahajavar odhale hote. sthalantarit ardhe upashi aanee ardhe nagna houn jahajavar aale (kahee mule "nagna" hotih nauu aanee daha varshanchya anek mulankade tyanna jhakanyasathi kapad navhate. shrimati, swamichya patnila chapal qaraa... [jahaj]... rikamya bhakarichya pishavya, junya canvase aanee blankets yanna aavaranat rupantarit karnyasathi sampoorn pravasacha vapar keela gela "). teey swatahla sambhalanyas asamarth aanee varchya canadala jaanyasathi (jithe tyanna kaam miloo shakel) paise naan deta kyubekmadhye pohochale; canadachya canadachya tyanna tithe pohochavanyasathi 670 pound kharch karave lagale. augustparyant teey jahajane pravas naan kelyamule, canadacha hiwala suru honyapurvi teey yogyaritya sthayik honyasathi khoop ushirane pohochale, jyasathi teey tayar navhate. hamilton, uchch canadamadhil eka scottish paropkari societyche upadhyaksh lihileh "baaraa aanee dakshin uistmadhun aalele done teey teen hajaranchya darmyanche sthalantarit heey mea yaa deshat yetana pahilele sarvat niradhar hote. teey yethe aalyavar pratyakshat nagnatechya sthiteet hote aanee purnapane asahayya hote.
clunichya vasahatinchya gheramadhun aalele sthalantarit khoop dukkhi hote aanee tyanni canadachya canadachya gordenchya ghatakakade takrar patra kadhale parantu tyaa patra aanee samkalin vruttapatranchya ahavalanni tyanchya majee jamindaranni itar dongral vasahatinmadhun sthalantaritanna dilelya changlya vagnukishi tulana kelee. "levis purushanchi soya karnyat aalee hotee... keval samudraparyatanasathiche kapade aanee kwebekala jaanyasathi mukt margasah navhe tarr aagmananantar eka aathvadyachya shidha gheuun... aanee tyanchya antim gantvyasthanaparyant mukt marg. duke auph suns estatemadhil sthalantarit lock changle kapade ghaloon aanee ann puravanyasathi aale aanee kharedi karnyasathi aanee shete sathavanyasathi paise gheuun aale; jithe tyanchi swatachi bachat apuri hotee, duke yanni tyanna paise bhet mhanoon dile hote.
parinam.
mcneilchya ahavalat 'scotsman' sarkhya kagadpatranchya yuktivadala samarthan dile gele nahee qee nairashya heey gelchya antarnihit aalshipanamule hote (jeey 'scotsman' 'scotsman' 'tutonic' sakhal bhagatil scotschya andajit vaishishtyanshi pratikoolpane viruddha hote), parantu gardichya bhagatoon velevar sthalantar karnyat adthala adthala sanskrutik adthalyanvaril tyanchya tippanyanni gelic sanskruti aanee bhasha hii pragativar anavashyak adthala hotee aanee gelic bhashik bhaganchi dirghakalin anand aanee samruddhi tyanna ingraji bhashik banavoon sarvottam prakare surakshit kelee jaau shakate yaa prachalit gruhitkala pratibimbit kele aanee balkati dilee. dushkalanantar done dashakannantar, edinberg courantne hebridian betanvarun sthalantar, jeey tyanchya aajaranvar sarvottam upchar hote, teey shikshanadvare vegwan kele geleh "jilhyachi loksankhya qamee karnyachya uddeshane shaley vyavastha sthapan karane aanee tichi dekhbhal karane purese dhakkadayak aahe, parantu heey sankaritanchya sampoorn shikshanacha pahila parinam aanee sarvottam yash asel yaat aamhala shanka nahee". parinami, dusarikade "kahee vruddhanmadhye ajunahi gailic shikshanavyatirikt itar konatyahi shikshanaviruddha purvagrah aahe, kaaran teey pahatat qee teey tyanchya mulanna pankh detat jyamule teey kutumbachya gharatyapasun door jaau shakatat".
dushkalachya tatkal nantar sarkarne sankarit jaatiche vegalepana qamee karnyasathi obansathi railwella anudan dyave yaa yuktivadala virodh keela. keval 1880 saalee caledonian railway akheris purnapane vyavsayik upkram mhanoon obanparyant pohochali. 1867 madhye stornvechya rahivashanna greenock yethoon aathvadyatun donada steamermadhun tyanche patra midale. parinami, edinberg kinwa londonhoon stornveparyant patre pohochanyasathi 74 teey 132 taas lagale aanee konatyahi uttarasathi pudhil steamsathi ardha aathvada pratiksha karavi lagali. itar kahee betanpeksha stornwaychi seva adhik kharab hotee yaa takrari tyanchya rahivashanni nakarlya; londonmadhye pathavalelya patranna bambeparyant pohochanyasathi jevadha vel lagla, tevdhach vel lagla. 1870 madhye dingwall aanee skye railway stromepheryla pohochali aanee tethil eka ghatavarun steamers seva suru jhalya tevha skye aanee levisachya sevanmadhye sudharana jhaali. adhik samanyatah, changlya vafechya jahajanmule aanee varanvar seva dilyane akheris adhik changla sampark sadhata aala aanee masemari aanee gura palanachi punarprapti aanee hangami kamasathi tatpurte sthalantar adhik sulabh jhalyane akheris peak arthvyavasthela svayampurnatepasun asha arthvyavasthekade valata aale jyamadhye aayat kelelya dhanyachi kharedi karnyasathi pureshi rokh rakkam nirman jhaali.
1880 chya dashakat, bhavishyatil dushkal kinwa dongral bhagatil daridryache rutoo kase talhayche haah tantrik muddah, shetkari aanee sute kamgaranchya (jaminivina shet majur) takrarinche nirakaran kase karave yaa rajkiy prashnat budala. upajilha vibhagani kinwa anek thikani pikanche vastavya rokhoon, pikanchya bhagat aniyantrit loksankhya vaadh rokhanyachya garjebabat mcneil yanni kelelya tippanya jamindaranni lakshat ghetalya hotya; tyanni tyanchya yaa drushtikonakade qamee laksh dile hote qee, kapasanna surakshit bhadepatti dilee jaavi. parinami, shetee shetee samudayanmadhye naraji vadhat hotee. 1882 madhye sankarit vanaspatinmadhye batate aanee trundhanyanchi donhi kapani ayashasvi jhaali (anukrame rog aanee aanee hanimule); yamule 1883 madhye vyapak daridrya nirman jhaale. shetmalanmadhye ashantata nirman jhaali aanee uchch pradeshachi jameen sakhali sthapan jhaali, jee ayrish land leegpasoon prerana gheuun tayar jhaali. laurd napierchya netrutvakhali, gladestone sarkarne upay shodhanyasathi napier aayogachi (dongral pradesh aanee betanvaril kapani aanee sute gharanchya sthitichi chaukashi karnara shahee aayog) sthapana kelee. 1884 madheel napierchya ahavalat varshala 6 paundanpeksha jaast bhade (jyapaiki thodech hote) bharnare shetkari aanee urvarit loksankhyesathi aichchhik sthalantarasathichya karyakalasathi surakshitatechi shifaras kelee gelee. napierchya shifarashi irelandmadhye ayrish 'jaminicha prashna' sodavanyasathi swikarlelya upayayojananshi visangat hotya aanee tyanantarcha crafters holdings (scotland) kayada, 1886 haah napier aayogachya ahavalapeksha ayrish purvavarti tattvanni adhik prabhavit hota. 1885 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit, 5 uchch pradesheey jaganni uchch pradesh bhoo-sangh ('daad crofters party') dware samarthit 'swatantra udarmatvadi' khasdaranchi nivad kelee hotee aanee tyanantar rajkiy vicharanni peak kshetrachya samasyambabatchya udarmatvadi drushtikonavar motha prabhav padala.

