
uttar macedonia vanyajeev

uttar macedoniamadhye vanyajeevanchya 22,500 hoon adhik prajatinchi nond karnyat aalee aahe. yapaiki 10,000 hoon adhik keetak aahet, jyat 3,000 bhring prajati aanee mothya sankhyene lepidoptera, masha aanee hymenoptera yancha samavesh aahe. kitkanvyatirikt, itar mothya sandhipad gatanmadhye cheliserata (mukhytah kolee) aanee crustatianscha samavesh hoto. prushthavanshi pranyanmadhye, pakshyanchya 300 hoon adhik prajati nondavalya gelya aahet, jaree deshatil serve gharate naheet. maase aanee sastan prani yaa donhinchya 80 hoon adhik prajati, 32 sarpatanare prani aanee 14 ubhaychar aahet.
4, 200 hoon adhik vanaspati olakhalya gelya aahet, jyapaiki 3,700 hoon adhik raktavahinya vanaspati aahet. sadhyache bahutansh jungle panzadi aahe aanee alikadchya varshant jangalanche praman kinchit vadhale aahe. shaivalanchya 2,000 hoon adhik prajati sapadalya aahet, tyapaiki bahutek talavanmadhye aahet. olakhalya gelelya burashichya 2,000 prajati dekhil aahet, tyapaiki 90 takke bacidiomycota aanee kiman 450 liken aahet.
desh vyapato, bahutek bhoobhag dongral aahe. sthalbhugolatil lakshaniy badalanmule sthanik havamanat mothya pramanat badal jhaala aahe, jyamule himyugachya aashraysthanachya upasthitimule lakshaniy vividhata aanee sthanikata nirman jhaali aahe. uttar macedonia jaree bhoo-aachchhadit asala taree, tyat jalchar vanyajeevanna aadhar denanya asankhya nadya aanee talav aahet. deshachya pashchimekadil jungle aanee lenya anek adviteey aanee luptapray pranyanna aashray detat. ohrid sarovar, prespa sarovar aanee dajran sarovar hii teen sarvat mothee talav tulanene uchch vividhatechi aanakhi kshetre aahet.
lock aanee vanyajeev yanchyat, visheshtah grameen bhagat, lakshaniy parasparsanvad aahe. vividh vanaspati aanee burshi prajati sthanik vaparasathi aanee niryatisathi charalya jaatat aanee anek pranyanchya prajatincha shikar keela jaato. vanyajivansathichya itar dhokyanmadhye bhoo-vaparatil badal, pradushan aanee havamanatil badal yancha samavesh hoto. prani aanee vanaspatinchya anek prajati sthanik patalivar namshesh jhalya aahet. vividh kayade kahee prajati aanee adhivasanche sanrakshn karatat aanee tyanchya vaparache niyaman karatat aanee paryavaran, jaivavividhata aanee paanee yasah vishayancha samavesh asalelya krutee yojana sarkarne vikasit kelya aahet. chaar rashtriy udyane sthapan karnyat aalee aahet aanee uttar macedonia haah vanyajeev aanee paryavaranashi sambandhit anek european aanee aantarrashtriy adhiveshanancha paksh aahe.
paryavaran.
uttar macedonia haah balkan dweepkalpachya madhyabhagi pasarlela aahe. bhupariveshtit desh varadar nadichya khoyabhovati kendrit aahe, rashtriy seema parvataranganni chinhankit kelya aahet. tyachya vaividhyapurn bhupradeshamule vividh prakarche sthanik hawaman tayar hote, jeey aath jaivakshetranmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate. naisargik aanee manavnirmit asha donhi prakarchya vatavaranasah deshatil vividh adhivas 28 vyapak prakaranmadhye vibhagale jaau shakatat, jeey unis vargikaranachya tisya staravar 120 madhye vibhagale gele aahet. heey 38 prakarchya bhupradeshanmadhye pasarlele aahet.
ekoon hawaman samshitoshna aahe, yaa bhagat varshbhar chaar rutoo asatat. tathapi, vaividhyapurn bhoogol mhanje sthanik havamanat lakshaniy vividhata aahe. parjanyamanatahi lakshaniy farak asato. kahee dongaranvar burf padoo shakato.
uttar macedoniamadhye prushthbhagavaril paanee asate. tichya 35 nadya teen nadee khonyanmadhye yetat, pratyeki eka khore aegean samudra, adriatic samudra aanee kalya samudrat vahate. deshacha bahutansh bhag, aegean khonyat yeto, jyamadhye dajran sarovar aahe. yaa khonyacha bhag varadar nadee aanee tichya upanadyanni vyapalela aahe. aegean drainage khonyacha urvarit bhag strumica nadee aanee tichya upanadyanni vyapala aahe. adriatic khonyachi mukhya nadee black dream aahe, jee ohrid talavapasoon suru hote. prespa sarovar dekhil yaa khonyat yete. kahee babatint, teen lahan jalnirgaman khore dekhil aahet, jeey ektritpane uttar macedoniachya fakt 1 takkyanhun adhik bhag vyapatat. ekoon, talavancha deshacha sumare 2 takke bhag vyapala aahe. varr namood kelele teen mothe talav heey vivartanik talav aahet. ohrid sarovar aahe aanee tyachi sarasari kholee aahe. too 2-3 dashalaksh varshe juna asalyache manale jaate. prespa sarovar, sarasari kholisah aahe. dajran sarovar, jyachi kamal kholee fakt. heey teen talav uttar macedonia aanee shejaril deshanmadhye vibhagale gele aahet. dongaranmadhye sumare 43 himanadyanche talav aahet. mothya jalashayansah 111 krutrim talav dekhil aahet.
eka jatil bhoogarbhiy itihas mhanje deshachya prushthbhagavaril khadak pruthvichya itihasachya anek kalkhandatun ugam pavtat. 13 parvat aahet jyanchi unchi samudrasapatipeksha jaast aahe, jyapaiki sarvat unch samudraspatipasun aahe. anek dyaa aanee dyaa asalelya deshachya sumare 50 takke bhagala dongral manale jaate. lenee, visheshtah paschimes aadhalanaya chunkhadichya parvatanmadhye, vividh prakarchya gumpha pranyanna aadhar detat aanee tyanche swatache talav aahet. deshatil 90 takke jungle heey sarkari malkichya jamineet aahe. sakriyapane vaparali jaanari jameen aanee twarit lagwad karata yenyajogi jameen yaa donhinsah, shetichya jaminicha samavesh aahe. yaa shetjaminipaiki 757,000 kurane aahet.
vanaspati.
uttar macedoniamadhye raktavahinyanchya vanaspatinchya kiman 3700 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet, jyapaiki 116 sthanik kinwa sthanik aahet. yapaiki 3200 fulanchi zaade aahet. yavyatirikt, 573 raktavahinyambahya vanaspatinchya prajati aahet, jyapaiki ekahi sthanik nahee. yapaiki 400 hoon adhik prajati sheval aahet, tarr 100 liverwart aahet.
deshatil andaje lakud 2008 saalee hote. 2013 salaparyantchya dashakat jangalatil jaminicha 3.5 takkyanni vistar jhaala, jyamule varshik lagvaditil ghat, jungle kshetracha vistar karnyasathi jaanunbujun kelele prayatna aanee pashudhan qamee jhaale. matra, shankuchya aakarache aanee mishra vankshetra qamee hott asalyane, hii punarprapti serve prakarchya vananmadhye samayik kelee jaat nahee. 2013 paryant 58 takke jungle panzadi, 30 takke mishra, 7 takke shankuchya aakarache aanee 5 takke jungle adhogatigrast manale gele hote. aakramak 'robinia seudoacasia' aanee 'elanthus altisima' saha kahee jaanunbujun vanikaran haatee ghenyat aale aahe.
elder, berch, poppler aanee vilo prajatinche varchasva asalelya rund pananchya vrukshanchya jangalanmadhye deshatil kahee sarvat luptapray adhivas aahet. daldalichya jangalanvar "alnus glutinosa" chey varchasva aahe. beechchya jangalanmadhye oka aanee beechchya prajatinche varchasva aahe. oka, chestnuts, hofornbeams aanee "carpinus orientalis" heey panzadi jangalavar varchasva gajavatat. itar adhivasanmadhye shankuchya anek prajati aahet.
fulanchya vanaspatinchya 314 prajati (deshatil serve fulanchya vanaspatinpaiki 11 takke) sanrakshit aahet. sanyukt rashtranchya paryavaran karyakramadvare moolyankan kelelya raktavahinyanchya vanaspatinchya 14 prajati namshesh honyacha dhoka manla jaatoh chaar gambhirpane dhokyat aahet, paach dhokyat aahet aanee paach asurakshit aahet. shevgyachya aath prajati sanrakshit aahet. burn conventionmadhye keval 11 macedonian prajati disatat, tarr paach european unionchya adhivasanchya nirdeshatmak parishishtanmadhye soochibaddha aahet.
uttar macedoniamadhye sthanik patalivar namshesh jhalelya vanaspatinchya prajatinmadhye "acorus calmus", "sagittariya sagitipholia", "lysimechia thericiflora", "aldrovanda vesiculosa" aanee "nymphia alba" yancha samavesh aahe. jacobia paludosa", "rananculus lingua" aanee "gentiana pneumonanthe" yasarkhe itar, aadhich namshesh jhaale nasale taree sthanik patalivar namshesh jhaale aahet. "carex ilata' dekhil namshesh honyachya umbarathyavar aahe.
burshi.
uttar macedoniatil 2000 madhye olakhalya gelelya burshi vargikarananpaiki ekahi sthanik nahee. sumare 1800 prajati bacidiomycotamadhil aahet (jyat agarikalsachya 550 aanee ephilophorelschya 450 prajatincha samavesh aahe), tarr 200 prajati escomycota aahet. yavyatirikt, likenchya kiman 450 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. "entomophaga maimaiga" hii eka entomapathogenic burshi, gypsy patanganvar aadhalate, tee patangavar niyantran thevanyacha eka marg mhanoon shejarchya balgeriyamadhye aadhalalyanantar.
aataparyant, 122 prajati dhokyat asalyache olakhale gele aahe aanee iucn laal yadichya sthitisathi escomisates aanee bacidiomycetschya 233 prajatinche prathamik moolyankan kele gele aahe. yapaiki 21 gambhirpane dhokyat, 30 dhokyat, 71 asurakshit, 40 dhokyat, 9 qamee chinteche aanee 42 mahitichi kamatarata hotee. gambhirpane luptapray asalelya prajatinpaiki daha prajati ekach thikani aadhalalya aahet.
prani.
aksheruki prani.
uttar macedoniamadhye 13,493 nond kelelya aksheruki prajati aahet. yapaiki bahutansh (90 takke) sandhivat aahet. teen pramukh talavanmadhye aadhalanaya 10 paiki 6 spunge sthanik aahet. "eunepius carteri dosranances" heey doyran talavache sthanik aahe. "ocridaspongia rotunda", "ocridospongia interlithonis", "okridospongila stankovisi" aanee "spongila stankovisi" heey ohrid talavache sthanik aahet. "spongila prespensis" heey lake prespasathi sthanik aahe. teen nidaria prajatinpaiki eka aakramak aahe. 229 sapat krumee 158 neodermata aanee 71 turbelleriyapasun banalele aahet. gordius nonmaculatus' aanee 'gordius aquaticus' yaa done dnyat nematomorpha prajati aahet. nemartiyachi ekmev dnyat prajati mhanje "prostoma graysance", jee ohrid talavat aadhalali. analydsmadhye 140 oligocheta, 30 jantu aanee 5 branchiobdelida asatat. olakhalya gelelya 180 paiki 53 analyds prajati sthanik aahet, tyaa serve ohrid talavat aahet. yapaiki 38 sthanik prajati oligochates aahet aanee 11 hirudinia aahet.
vann-nivasachya 450 prajati, vanaspatinchya 80 parjivi aanee talavanmadhye rahana anek prajatinsah kiman 870 sutrakrumeenchya prajati aahet. molaskachya bahutek prajati gastropoda aahet, jyanchya 301 prajati aahet. yapaiki kiman 195 jaminivaril gogalgay aahet aanee 107 jalchar gogalgay aahet. urvarit 19 molsk prajati bivalvia aahet. sthanik manalya jaananya 92 molaskapaiki 88 gastropods aahet aanee tyapaiki chaar bivelove aahet. lake prespamadhil eka gastropod prajati aakramak aahe.
sandhivat.
sandhipadanchya kiman 11,800 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. upasthit asalelya 1126 cheliserata prajatinpaiki kiman 60 sthanik manalya jaatat. chiliseratamadhye sarvat jaast sankhya mhanje kolee, jyapaiki 767 prajati aahet (jyapaiki nauu sthanik aahet). pudhil sarvat motha varg mhanje akari, jyachya 250 prajatinmadhye 164 hydrachnidia aanee chaar halacaridae yancha samavesh aahe. halacroidiamadhye, 'stygohalacarus scupiensis' dware darshavilele ekvidh 'stygohalacarus' vansh, uttar macedonia sthanik aahe, tasech 'copydognethus profunds' aahe. belasika parvatajavalil daldalichya pradeshat rahnara pheen raft spider haah massa khanyasathi olakhala jaato. urvarit olakhalya gelelya cheryliserata prajatinmadhye 54 seudoscorpians, 50 opilions, teen vinchu aanee done solifuge (galliods elegans aanee galliods graces) aahet. 19 opilions sthanik aahet, 16 seudoscorpions.
keetak.
kitkanchya kiman 10,081 prajati deshatil sandhipad prajatinpaiki sumare 85 takke aahet. 84 kutumbanmadhye vibhagalelya bhrunganchya kiman 3,145 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. jaminivaril bhring heey 573 prajatinni pratinidhitva kelele, yapaiki mothya sankhyene aahet. staphylinoidia super familymadhye 516 prajati aahet, jyat stafilinidae (383 prajati), kolevina (57), hydranidae (42), sylphidae (14), pitilidae (4) aanee agiritidae (1) kutumbanche pratinidhi aahet. dietiskiday (62), hallipliday (11), gyrinade (6) aanee noterridae (2) kutumbanmadhun panyatil bhring olakhale gele aahet. hydrophyloidiamadhye 68 hysteridae prajati aanee 33 hydrophilidae prajati aahet. scarabeoidiyachi 14 kutumbe aahet, jyat ekoon 172 prajati aahet. cucuzoidiamadhye, kadachit 200 hoon adhik prajati aahet, jyapaiki 116 nitidulidae aanee 33 cocacinelidae aahet. chrysomeloidiamadhye 340 pananche bhring aanee 176 lamb shingeche bhring aahet. bostrichiformiachya 88 prajati chaar kutumbanmadhye vibhagalya gelya aaheth bostrichidae, dermestiday, pitinidae aanee nosodendridae. ilteroidiyachya 100 prajati aahet. bahutansh click beatle (74) aahet, urvarit sainik beatle (15), firefly (7) aanee nett-winged beatle (4) aahet. clerodiachya 44 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. pratyeki 17 jann malakini aanee dacitinache aahet. eka dacitidae prajati saar parvatansathi sthanik aahe. urvarit 10 clariday kutumbatil aahet. itar bhrunganmadhye 290 curculionidae aanee 45 gadad bhrungancha samavesh aahe.
lepidopterachya ekoon 2,638 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. heey 68 kutumbanmadhye vibhagale gele aahet, jyancha aakar ekach prajatipasoon 528 prajatinparyant (noctuidae) aahe. uttar macedoniamadhye aay. yuu. see. aine. laal yadichya sthitisathi 67 prajatinche tatpurte moolyankan kele gele aahe. eka dhokyat asalyache aadhalun aale aahe, jyamadhye 15 asurakshit aahet aanee 24 dhokyat aahet.
mashachya 1,500 hoon adhik prajati aahet, jyaa 54 kutumbanche pratinidhitva karatat. 262 prajatinni pratinidhitva kelelya hoverflies heey sarvat mothe kutumb aahe. kahee masha sambhavya rog vahak manalya jaatat aanee eka, 'obolodiplosis robinia', aakramak asate.
hymenoptera haah aanakhi eka vaividhyapurn kram aahe, jyache pratinidhitva sumare 1077 prajati karatat. eka tulanene changla abhyas kelela gut mhanje parjivi tantu. braconidechya 150 prajati sapadalya aahet. 129 icmunidae prajatinmadhye (jyapaiki 21 cryptinemadhye yetat) teen sthanik prajatincha samavesh aaheh hadrodactylus tipe balcanicus, mesocorus venerands aanee jailis balcanicus. eulofidechya 40 prajati aahet. parjivi nasalelya gandulanmadhye wespiday kutumbatil 75 sadasya aanee mutilidae kutumbatil 37 sadasyancha samavesh aahe. tantu vyatirikt, kiman 113 epiday madhmashyanchya prajati aanee 99 mungya prajati aahet.
hemipteramadhye, heteropterachya 776 prajati (15 sthanik) olakhalya gelya aahet. matra, yaa vargikaranat sthanik kaushalyacha abhav aahe. naveen shodhancha darr, adhivasanchi vividhata aanee shejaril deshanmadhil abhyas lakshat gheuun, shodhalelya prajatinchi sankhya upasthit asalelya ekoon prajatinpaiki keval 62 takke aahe asey suchavale gele aahe. homopterache dnyan dekhil khoop maryadit aahe, bahutek abhyasanmadhye vishisht thikanchya thodya prajatincha samavesh aahe. dnyat samasthanikamadhye 134 sternorincha, 15 sikadomorpha aanee 13 fulgoromorpha asatat.
orthopterachya 175 prajati olakhalya gelya aahet. eka, "bradyporus macrogaster macrogast", gambhirpane dhokyat aahe. chaar dhokyat asalyache manale jaate, tarr itar aath asurakshit manale jaatat (itar 10 mahitichi kamatarata aahet). kahee prajati keval ekach thikanahun kinwa agadi ekach nonditoon olakhalya jaatat. andaj jaree vegvegale asale taree kadachit 106 cadisfly prajati aahet. olakhalya gelelya neuropteridachya 68 prajatinmadhye 59 neuroptera aanee nauu rafidioptera asatat. 13 dnyat pisoochya prajatinmadhye balkan himgolak yaa parajivicha samavesh aahe. deshat 68 olakhalya gelelya mephlai aahet, jyat saat 'rhythrogena' prajatincha samavesh aahe, jyaa serve peena nadeet aadhaltat. dnyat dictiopteramadhye 12 telegu telegu telkat maase, chaar mantee aanee done valvi yancha samavesh hoto. dnyat uvanchya 14 prajatinpaiki done, 'enderlinellus ferrisi' aanee 'schizophthyrus glyris' heey parjivi aahet (anukrame european ground gilhari aanee khadya shayangruhachya). "valandovomadhil aadhalanari "haploembia soliyari" hii nond keleli ekmev embioptera prajati aahe. itar keetak prajatinmadhye 97 placoptera (jyapaiki 10 sthanik aahet), 64 odonata, 49 sokoptera, 42 thysanoptera, paach dermaptera, teen archaeognatha, done mekoptera, eka strepsiptera (highlectrus rubie) aanee eka zygentoma yancha samavesh aahe. deshat megalopterachi konatihi mahitee upalabdh nahee.
crustatians.
aadhalalelya 490 crustatian prajatinpaiki 133 sthanik manalya jaatat. shakheey poda vargamadhye, sarvadhik sankhya asalela kram mhanje diplostraca, jyachya 86 prajati aahet. "alona smirnovi' heey ohrid talavache sthanik roop aahe. itar kramvarit, anostracachya sahaa prajati aahet, jyat 'chirosephalus pelagonicus' samavisht aahe, jee pelagoniyachya maidanatil panthal pradeshansathi sthanik aahe. lepidurus epus' aanee 'tripes cancryphormis' yaa done prajati notostraca kramachya (jyamadhye fakt triopsidae kutumb asate) aahet.
bahishkrut pranyanche serve 172 pratinidhi podocopida kramankache aahet. yaa kramatil anek vanshanmadhye sthanikatvachi patali uchch aahe.
maxillopoda vargatil, copepodschya 146 prajati aaheth 60 cyclopoida, 54 harpacticoida, 30 calanoida aanee done poisylostomatoida. cyclopyda aanee harpacticoid yaa donhimadhye anek sthanik prajati aahet. yapaiki 12 copepods parjivi mhanoon olakhale jaatat, jeey pramukh talavanmadhye mashanna sankramit karatat. itar maxilopodamadhye teen shakhiyura samavisht aahet, jeey serve argulidae vargatil "argulus" vanshatil aahet. eka, "argulus foliatius" haah kiman teen mashanchya prajatincha parjivi aahe. pentastomidacha eka pratinidhi aaheh 'lingwatula serata', joou eka manvi parjivi aahe.
malacostracachya chaar kramankanche pratinidhi aahet. isopodache pratinidhitva 50 prajatinni kele aahe, jyapaiki sumare eka trutiyansh sthanik aahet. amphipodache pratinidhitva 47 prajatinni kele aahe, jyat paach prajati ("bogidila", "gamerous", "nifargus", "hadzia" aanee "ignolphila") aahet jyat anek sthanik prajati aahet. decapodache pratinidhitva paach prajatinni kele aaheh done estacidae (austropotamobius torrentium aanee estacus estacus), done potamidae (potaman fluvitable aanee potaman ibericum) aanee eka etiday (etyafayra stankoi, jee dojran talavat aadhalali hotee). bathanelesiyache pratinidhitva teen prajatinni kele aaheh "bathanela nuttons", "parabathnela stygia" aanee "bathanela chappuisi".
myriyapodachya sumare 100 prajati aahet, jyat 18 sthanik millipeedcha samavesh aahe. 11 kolambola, aath protura aanee done diplora yasah antognatha 21 olakhalya gelelya prajati aahet.
maase.
maase prajatinchi ekoon sankhya, sambhavyatah prajati mhanoon kaay ganale jaate yachya sandarbhat vegvegalya vargikarananmule, strotanmadhye bhinn asate. eka gananet 85 actinopterigy aanee done lamprey olakhatat. yapaiki 27 sthanik aahet aanee 19 aakramak aahet. kahee maase vishisht talav kinwa nadyansathi sthanik aahet. ohrid talavat 21 sthanik prajati aahet, jyapaiki aath sthanik aahet aanee saat parichay jhalelya prajati aahet. lake prespamadhye 11 sthanik prajati aahet, jyapaiki aath sthanik aahet aanee 12 parichay jhalelya prajati aahet. dojran talavat 12 sthanik prajati aahet, jyapaiki eka sthanik aahe, tasech done parichay jhalelya prajati aahet.
actinopterigy, european see sturgeon, european eel aanee "albernus macedonicus" heey gambhirpane dhokyat asalyache manale jaate aanee prespa mino aanee "salmo peristerics" heey dhokyat asalyache manale jaate. aanakhi 10 prajati asurakshit aahet, eka dhokyat aahe aanee 10 prajati mahitichya kamtar aahet. aurid talavatil salmonidae prajati dhokyat aahet, tarr samanya carp lake prespamadhye dhokyat aahe. lamprechya done prajati ukrainean brook lamprey aanee eudontomyzone stankokaramani aahet. pahila vardarchya jalnirgam khonyat rahato, tarr dusra adriatic sagari khonyat rahato. donhi kayadyane sanrakshit aahet.
ubhaychar.
aadhalanaya ubhaychar prajatinmadhye nauu bedook aanee paach salmonderscha samavesh aahe. yapaiki teen dhokyat, teen asurakshit, teen dhokyat aanee paach kamitakami chinteche mhanoon vargikrut kele gele aahet. rog aanee adhivasachya haniche parinam lakshat gheta, dhokyat asalelya ubhaychar prajatinche teey praman andaje jagbharatil ubhaycharanchya sthitishi susangat aahe. yapaiki konatihi prajati deshatil sthanik nahee, jaree done prajati balkanchya sthanik aahet.
sarpatanare prani.
astitvat asalelya sarpatananya pranyanchya 32 prajati 16 saap, 12 sarade aanee chaar kasavanpasun banalelya aahet. uttar macedoniamadhye, yapaiki 11 prajati vyapak aahet, 10 vishisht adhivasanparyant maryadit aahet aanee 11 prajati khoop maryadit aahet. yapaiki ekahi deshasathi sthanik nasla taree done balkansathi sthanik aahet. europemadhil sarvat motha saap, caspian whipsnake hii sapanchi eka prajati aahe.
aay. yuu. see. aine. laal yadiche moolyankan asalelyanpaiki saat dhokyat aahet, sahaa asurakshit aahet, aath dhokyat aahet aanee daha qamee chinteche aahet. uttar macedoniatil teen viperidepaiki eka asalelya jaagtik staravar asurakshit asalelya "vhaypara ursini" laa kadak sanrakshn aahe, tarr itar 22 prajatinna kahee pramanat sanrakshn aahe. jungle aanee kurananmadhye aadhalanara hermancha kasav pudhil 75 varshant tyanchi kiman eka trutiyansh loksankhya gamavanyachi apeksha aahe.
pakshi.
pakshyanchya 318 prajati aahet jyanna pahilyachi pushti jhaali aahe aanee aanakhi 16 prajati aahet jyasathi qamee vishvasarh dave aahet. konihi sthanik naheet. yapaiki 215 prajati deshat gharate bandhatat. 106 pakshyanchya prajatinna kayadyanusar kahee pramanat sanrakshn aahe. gharatyanchya kiman aath prajati sthanik patalivar namshesh jhalya aahet, tarr aanakhi eka 7-15 aata deshat gharate thevat nahee. anek prajatinsathi, gharate bandhanari 100 peksha qamee jodapi shillak aahet.
sastan prani.
uttar macedoniamadhye kiman 85 sastan pranyanchya prajati rahatat, jyapaiki chaar balkansathi sthanik aaheth pashchimekadil rund-daat asalela maidani undeer, balkan snow voll, felton voll aanee balkan moll. camois up-prajati "rupicapra rupicapra balcanica" aanee links up-prajati balkan links heey balkan lokansathi sthanik aahet aanee uttar macedoniamadhye tyanchi mukhya loksankhya aahe. deshatil european ground gilaharichi loksankhya tyachi swatachi up-prajati manali jaavi asey suchavale gele aahe. aath sastan pranyanchya prajati aakramak manalya jaatat.
balkan links albanian-macedonian simebhovati tikoon aahe. tyachi qamee loksankhya tyala kvachitach disanyas karanibhoot tharate aanee too punarprapti prayatnancha vishay aahe. phaar qamee nondavalelya ghatana asoonahi, pashudhan marnyasathi linkschi pratishtha aahe. uttar macedonia aanee albaniamadhye kadachit 100 peksha qamee pasarlele aahet. tapkiri aswal deshachya pashchimekadil dongral jangalat rahatat. yaa jangalat sumare 160-200 vyakti rahatat, jeey mothya dinarik-pindo loksankhyecha bhag aahet. mavrovo rashtriy udyanat sumare 70 prajati aadhaltat. 2013 paryant landganchi sankhya 800-1000 chya aaspas hotee.
eurasian uudake bahutek jalmarganmadhye aadhalu shakatat, jaree visheshtah uchch pataliche pradushan asalelya kahee bhaganmadhye teey anupasthit aahet. 1960 chya dashkaparyant yaa bhagat soneri colhey namshesh jhaale hote, parantu 21 vya shatkat visheshtah pashchimekadil vankshetrat teey punha sthapit jhaale. 20 vya shatkat european russiamadhye olakhali geleli eka vaiyaktik racoon kutra hii prajati deshachya uttarela mrutavasthet aadhalali, jee prajati dakshinekade pasarat asalyache darshavate. shakahari pranyanmadhye hirane, chamoi, jangali dukkar aanee european sase yancha samavesh hoto. european jaminivaril kharfuti mokra parvatavar aadhaltat.
european jangali manjar, balkan links, eurasian ood, tapkiri aswal, european ground gilhari aanee balkan snow voll yanna rashtriy kayadyantargat kadak sanrakshn aahe aanee itar 10 sastan pranyanchya prajatinna sanrakshanachi patali qamee aahe. teen vatvaghale, done undeer aanee eka mungi heey aay. yuu. see. aine. chya laal yadeet dhokyat asalyache soochibaddha aahet.
shaiwal.
uttar macedoniatil shaiwal prajatinche dnyan visangat sanshodhan aanee anek vargikaranansah apoorn rahate jeey purnapane olakhale jaat naheet. 2095 madhye shaivalanche olakhale gelele prakar aahet, jyat bahutansh dietum aahet. yapaiki kiman 10 takke sthanik aahet asey manale jaate, tarr kiman 194 jananchi aataparyant olakh patali aahe. shaivalavaril bahutek sanshodhan ohrid aanee prespa talavanmadhye jhaale aahe. ohrid talavamadhye 798 olakhalya gelelya varg aahet, jyat 158 fakt tyaa talavache sthanik aahet.
vividhata aanee sthanikata hotspot.
uttar macedoniamadhye, anek kshetre aahet jyat sthanikatva jaast asanyachi shakyata aahe. ohrid sarovar heey eka vyapak abhyas kelele kshetra aahe aanee tyachi vividhata sthanik prajatinchya mothya sankhyene pratibimbit hote. prespa sarovar ohrid talavachya agadi jawal aahe aanee heey donhi talav jalshastriyadrushtya jodalele aahet. lake prespamadhye ohrid talavapeksha qamee prajati aahet aanee donhi talavanmadhye samaan prajati aahet, tarr lake prespachya swatachya sthanik prajati aahet aanee prajati ohrid talavapeksha adhik pashchatya jalsrotanshi adhik jawalun sambandhit aahet.
ektya ohrid talavamadhye 100 hoon adhik keetak, 75 sapat kide (talav aanee jawalchya jalashayansathi 35 sthanik), 72 jatharpakshi (56 sthanik), 52 austracodes (33 sthanik), 49 rotifers, 43 akari, 36 oligochates (17 sthanik), 36 copepods (sahaa sthanik), 31 cladosera (eka sthanik), 30 sthanik ciliates, 24 jantu (12 sthanik), 24 nematodes (teen sthanik), 14 amiba, 13 biveloves (done sthanik), 10-11 amphipoda (9 sthanik), chaar isopods (3 sthanik), chaar spunge aanee done decapods aahet. yaa talavatil "ancillus" vansh prajati monophilatic aahet, jyaa bahudha talavatach vikasit hott aahet. deena" vanshatil jantuchya babatitahi heach paristhiti aahe.
lake prespacha abhyas qamee keela jaato, parantu tyat 100 hoon adhik keetak, 90 crustatians, 60 rotifers, 50 flatworm, 36 molsk (jyapaiki 27 gogalgay aahet), 35 analyds aanee teen spunge aahet. yapaiki saat gogalgay sthanik aahet, tasech molsk "pisidium masseny" aahe. "ohrid aanee lake prespas yaa donhimadhil "moodvyadh" gogalgayanchya prajati sambandhit aahet aanee sant naumchya mathajavalil zyanmadhye sthanik prajati aahet jyaa talavanmadhye aadhalanaya prajatinshi sambandhit naheet. dajran talavat 17 rotifers aahet.
dongral bhagat anek sthanik prajati dekhil asateel ashee apeksha aahe. uttar macedoniamadhye himyugachya aashraysthanachi anek kshetre aahet, jee lakshaniy vanaspati vividhata rakhoon thevatat. dongral bhaganchya aaspas vanaspati sthanikatva aanee up-sthanikatva jaast aahe. deshachya pashchimekadil dongral bhagat sastan pranyanchi vividhata sarvadhik aahe. pashchimekadil lenyanmadhye, visheshtah radika, galichika, jacupica aanee porech nadyanchya jalnirgaman khonyanmadhye, aksheruki antahprajatinche praman sumare 90 takke asalyache manale jaate. 14 seudoscorpians, 12 bhring aanee 10 isopods stygophounachya 57 prajati dnyat aahet.
manvi prabhav.
uttar macedonia lock aanee vanyajeev yanchyat, visheshtah grameen bhagat, lakshaniy parasparsanvad aahe. 2005 teey 2010 yaa kalat grameen bhagachi loksankhya 2.2 takkyanni qamee jhaali asali taree heey suruch aahe. grameen bhagatil lokansathi jangali vanaspatinsathi chaara kadhane haah eka samanya upkram aahe. sumare 700 vanaspatinchya prajati aushadhi kinwa sugandhi manalya jaatat, jyat 220 varanvar vaparlya jaatat. dnyat burshi prajatinpaiki eka chaturthansh khadya aahet aanee kahee burshi aanee liken vapar aanee niryatisathi gola kele jaatat.
aswal, landge aanee links yasarkhya mansahari pranyankade kahee bhagat nakaratmak drushtikon thewala jaato. aswal aanee landge mendhya, guredhore aanee bakya yasarkhya guranvar hallah karnyasathi olakhale jaatat. kahee prakarananmadhye landge 38 takke mendhyanchya kalpanchi aanee tyahunahi jaast takke bakyanchi shikar karatat asey nondavale gele aahe. colhey aanee jangali manjari kukkutpalan maratat asey sangitale jaate. aswal, landga aanee agadi links aanee kolhedekhil manavanvar halle karat asalyachya batamya aahet, jaree yapaiki konatyahi hallyat mrutyu jhaala nahee. 1996 saalee tondawate honanya rogacha udrek jhalyanantar aanee parinami mendhyanchya utpadananchya kimateet ghat jhalyamule deshatil mendhyanchi sankhya ardhyavar gelyane assa sangharsh qamee honyachi apeksha aahe. aswal aanee jangali dukkar heey krishi utpadananche nuksan karatat asehi olakhale jaate.
kahee prajatinna sanskrutik prasangikta aahe. deenarchya nanyavar linksche chitran kele aahe. sthanik lokkathanmadhye, visheshtah balantpanachya babatit, saras heey nasheeb aanatat asey manale jaate.
dhamkya dett.
paryavaraniy dhokyanche moolyankan karnyasathi mahitichi kamatarata hii eka mahattvachi samasya aahe. udaharanarth, aakramak prajatimbaddalache dnyan qamee aahe. tulanene changlya prakare abhyasalya gelelya aakramak prajati samanyatah tyaa asatat jyaa thet vyavsayik sansadhananvar parinam karatat, jase qee colorado batate bhring pikanvar parinam karatat aanee prussian carp dosen talavatil sthanik mashanchi sankhya qamee karatat.
daldaliche paanee, shetichya jaminicha vapar badalane aanee khankamane bhupradeshat lakshaniy badal kele aahet. durmil aanee sthanik vanaspati asalelya dyanmadhye jalvidhyut dharane thevanyat aalee aahet. "mavrovo talavachya nirmitimule 'lysimechia thericiflora' sthanik patalivar namshesh jhaala. kalya kathavaril dharananni sargaso samudrat eelche sthalantar rokhale aahe. sinchanachya maganimule lahan jalvahinya valanyacha aanee qamee honyacha dhoka aahe.
jaal pradushan hii eka samasya rahili aahe. sarvat pradushit nadee, vardar, darvarshi sumare 75000 tunn ghan kann, 5000 tunn nitrogen aanee 1000 tunn phosphorus sumare kachyamule pradushit hote. avjad udyog prushthbhag aanee bhujal yaa donhi thikani asha pradushanat yogdan detat. daldali heey keval jaminichya vaparachya badalanmule navhe tarr hawaman badalamule mothya dhokyat asalele adhivas aahe aanee sakhal bhagatil daldaliche bhag deshatoon purnapane nahise houu shakatat. heey panthal pradeshache rupantaran sthanik vanaspatinchya prajatinna dhoka nirman karat aahe. jaal pradushan aanee panyachya pravahatil badalanvyatirikt, bekaydeshir masemari aanee aakramak prajatinmule mashanna dhoka aahe. jaminivar, vanaspatinchya anek prajati atee-kapanimule dhokyat aahet. "vaidyakeey karanansathi atee-sangrahamule "gentiana lutia" durmil aahe. avaidh lakudtod haah dekhil eka dhoka aahe, jyamule linksasarkhya pranyanche adhivas qamee hote.
jangali dukkarasarkhya pranyanna pakadanyasathi sapale aanee vish vaparane hii shikar hii eka samasya asoo shakate. 249 paiki eka shikarichya thikani shikar karnyasathi jaast shulk aakarle jaat asalyache aanee dand naan midalyamule, saiddhantikdrushtya linkschi shikar aath varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha houu shakat asoonahi, swatantryanantar shikar vadhali. landga shikar karane kayadeshir aahe. teey keetak manale jaat asalyane sarkar marle gelelya landgala 700 deenar bakshis dete. darvarshi 100 teey 200 landge marle jaatat, mukhytah itar pranyanchya shikaridarmyan yogayogane jhalelya chakmakimule. tapkiri aswalanchi ajunahi kadhikadhi shikar kelee jaate aanee 1996 madhye tyanchi shikar karnyas bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee, tevhapasoon tyanchi loksankhya lakshaniyaritya vadhali nahee. avaidh shikaramule kaimoi loksankhyetahi ghat jhaali aahe.
sanwardhan.
deshat aadhalanaya 22,500 prajatinpaiki 800 hoon adhik prajati sthanik manalya jaatat. sthanik mhanoon soochibaddha kelelya kahee prajatinmadhye tathapi shreni aahet jee uttar macedoniachya simechya kinchit baher pasaru shakatat. udaharanarth, shejaril deshanshi talav samayik asoonahi, keval teen pramukh talavanmadhye aadhalanaya prajati sthanik manalya jaatat.
uttar macedoniamadhye burn sammelanachya panne jaalyakhali luptapray manale jaanare 33 panne-european adhivas prakar aahet. yaa jaalyamadhye deshachya 29 takke bhagasah 35 kshetrancha samavesh aahe. tyach jaalyamadhye 167 prajatincha samavesh aahe jyasathi vishisht sanwardhan upayanchi aavashyakta aaheh 7 aprushthavanshi, 13 maase, 3 ubhaychar, 7 sarpatanare prani, 115 pakshi, 17 sastan prani aanee 5 vanaspati.
uttar macedonia sarkarne jaivik vividhatesathichya dhokyanche 249 vastunmadhye vargikaran kele aahe, jyapaiki 17 vastoonna khoop uchch pradhanya manale gele hote. yaa 17 pradhanyachya dhokyanmagil mool karananmadhye kharab dhoran nirmiti, kayade aanee viniyamanchi visangat amalbajavani, garibi, qamee janjagruti aanee hawaman badal yancha samavesh aahe. 18 adhivas hawaman badalasathi asurakshit asalyache manale jaate, jyat 58 vanaspati prajati aanee 224 prani prajati aahet.
european unionchya pakshyanchya nirdesh parishisht 1 antargat 65 pakshyanchya prajati soochibaddha aahet, tarr 15 sthalantarit pakshyanchya prajati vanya pranyanchya sthalantarit prajatinchya sanvardhanavaril adhiveshanachya parishisht 1 antargat soochibaddha aahet. burn conventionmadhye 24 sarpatanare prani aanee european unionchya adhivasanchya nirdeshatmak parishishtanmadhye 25 soochibaddha aahet. aath ubhaychar prajati kayadyane sanrakshit aahet, tarr burn convention aanee european unionchya adhivas nirdeshankhali dekhil yetat. 34 mashanchya prajatinna macedonian kayadyantargat sanrakshn aahe. birdlife internationalne 24 mahattvachi pakshi aanee jaivavividhata kshetre olakhali aahet, tarr vanaspati aantarrashtriyane 42 mahattvachi vanaspati kshetre olakhali aahet.
gidhad sanwardhan prakalp 2003 pasoon macedonian ecological sosayatidvare chalavala jaat aahe. balkan links punarprapti karyakram (kinwa balkan links punarpraptisathicha karyakram) 2006 madhye suru jhaala.
2007 teey 2014 yaa kalat sarkarne paryavaran sanrakshanasathi darvarshi 40 teey 90 laakh deenarche vatap kele. tathapi, bahutansh nidhi bahya sansthankadun yeto, jase qee jaagtik paryavaran suvidha, european union (praveshpurv sahayyasah) aanee dwipakshi yogdan. albania, bulgaria aanee greesmadhye seemapar prakalp astitvat aahet. sthanik vilupta honyachya qamee payanmule vadhalelya prajatinmadhye "gentiana pneumonanthe", "rananculus lingwa", "salvinia nuttons", "nuffer lutia" aanee "manienthes trifoliata" yancha samavesh aahe.
kayadeshir chaukat.
1963 madhye samajvadi macedonia prajasattakachya sanvidhanachya kalam 32 antargat paryavaran sanrakshn prathamach rashtriy kayadyacha bhag banale. heey 1991 chya macedonia prajasattakachya sanvidhanat kalam 56 antargat kayam thevanyat aale hote. sanvidhan nagarikanna paryavaranacha prachar aanee sanrakshn karnyas bandhil aahe.
bahutek paryavaraniy kayade rashtriy staravar nishchit kele jaatat, uttar macedoniachya vidhansabhet vahtook, dalanvalan aanee paryavaranasathi aayog asato. paryavaran aanee bhautik niyojan mantralay (moepp) kayade aanee viniyamanchi sarkari amalbajavani hatalate. 2007 madhye, paryavaran prashasanachi sthapana moipmadhye karnyat aalee. 2014 madhye paryavaran aanee nisarg nirikshanalay heey rajya heey rajvatit eka swatantra kayadeshir ghatak banale. paryavaranacha shashvat vapar sunishchit karnyatahi hii bhoomika bajavate.
desh european unionchya paryavaraniy kayadyanna tyachya rashtriy kayadyanmadhye samakalit karnyasathi aanee aayachi uddishte purn karnyasathi kaam karat aahe. aay. yuu. see. aine. laal yadee vargikaran aanee karyapaddhaticha visheshtah uttar macedonia prajasattakachya nisarg sanrakshanavaril kayadyane sandarbh deela aahe ("adhikrut rajpatra kra. 67/04, sudharit kelyapramane).
nisarg sanrakshn aanee dekharekhisathi moep jababdar aahe, tarr jangale, paanee aanee khelanare prani yasarkhi naisargik sansadhane itar mantralayanchya adhikarkshetrat rahatat. adhikarkshetratil yaa ativyaparamule parisanstha vyavasthapan klisht jhaale aahe aanee european unionne uttar macedonian kayadyat communityrechi amalbajavani kelee aahe. paryavaran dekharekhiche vividh pailu anek vegvegalya mantralayandware rabavale jaatat. tathapi, jaivavividhata dhoranacha vikas heey mantralayanmadhil prabhavi sahkaryache suruvatiche udaharan hote.
ohrid, prespa aanee lake dosrancechya sanrakshanavaril kayadyane 1977 pasoon teen mothya talavanna vishisht sanrakshn pradan kele. paryavaran aanee nisarg sanrakshn aanee protsahanavaril kayada 1996 madhye sthapan karnyat aala. naisargik durmilatevaril kayada (1973) aanee ohrid, prespa aanee lake dosrancechya sanrakshanavaril kayada (1977) aanee rashtriy udyananchya sanrakshanavaril kayada (1980) yasarkhya mageel kayadyanna ektrit karnyasathi 2004 madhye nisarg sanrakshanavaril kayada sthapan karnyat aala. heey equiz communitairche kahee bhag, mhanje adhivas nirdesh, pakshyanche nirdesh aanee vanya prani aanee vanaspatinchya prajatinchya sanrakshanavaril niyaman, tyamadhye vyapar niyantrit karoon, hastantarit karate. vanya vanaspati aanee pranyanche bhag yasarkhya naisargik sansadhanancha vapar nisarg sanrakshn kayadyantargat niyantrit keela jaato. rashtriy udyane tyanchya jangalatoon vanya sansadhananchya sankalanasathi parvane detat. haah kayada aakramak prajatinpasun paryavaranache sanrakshn karnyasathi dekhil kayade karato.
macedonia prajasattakachya sthanik yojnenusar (2004), macedonia prajasattakachya shashvat vanikaran vikasasathiche dhoran (2006), vann vruksh prajatinchya punarutpadak samgrivaril kayada (2007) aanee jangalanvaril kayada (2009) antargat jangalanche niyaman kele jaate. shetisathi mahattvachya asalelya prajatinna krishi aanee grameen vikasavaril kayadyachya kalam 78 antargat tyanche swatache sanrakshn aahe. 2013 paryant 89 prajatinmadhil 2666 namune krishi sansthetil samarpit januk banket sathavale gele hote. hii biyane banq biyane aanee rope yanvaril kayadyantargat niyantrit kelee jaate. naisargik vidnyan aanee ganeet vidyashakhetil jivashastra sansthechya vanaspati udyanat purvichya prayatnannantar, sarkar sthanik vanaspatinsathi januk banq sthapan karnyacha vichar karat aahe. siril aanee methodius university auph scopeje, eka varshanantar bund jhaale.
panyavaril kayada european unionchya jaal chaukatichya nirdeshanche rashtriy kayadyat hastantaran karato aanee paanee, kinarpatti aanee panthal pradeshanchya vyavasthapanache nirdesh deto. jaal vyavasthapanashi sambandhit itar kayadyanmadhye jaal vyavasthapan kampanyanvaril kayada aanee jaal samudayanvaril kayada yancha samavesh hoto. sarkarne jalkshetrachya kruteela margadarshan karnyasathi rashtriy dhoran prakashit kele aahe aanee vividh talav aanee nadee pranalinsathi vishisht krutee yojana tayar karat aahe. matsyapalan aanee matsyapalan kayadyantargat vyavsayik masemariche niyaman kele jaate. lake prespamadhye matsyavyavasay vyavasthapanasathi seemapar yojana vikasit kelee jaat aahe. ohrid talavasathi sanyukt vyavasthapan yojana aakhali jaat aahe.
2004 madhye nisarg sanrakshn kaydyabarobarach pahili rashtriy jaivavividhata ranniti aanee krutee yojana swikaranyat aalee. tyachya prastavit krutinpaiki keval 56 takke amalbajavani karnyat aalee. 13 march 2020 roji sarkarchya 58 vya satrat rashtriy jaivavividhata dhoran aanee krutee yojana swikaranyat aalee aanee tyat 19 vishisht uddishte aahet. aanakhi eka sadhyachi yojana mhanje 'id1' sathee nisarg sanrakshanasathiche rashtriy dhoran. pahili rashtriy paryavaran krutee yojana 2006 madhye amalat aanali gelee. tee aanee tyanantarchya dusya rashtriy paryavaran krutee yojana sarkarchya pradushanvirodhi prayatnanna nirdeshit karatat.
1948 madhye sthapan jhalele pelister rashtriy udyan heey yugoslaviamadhil pahile rashtriy udyan hote. tyanantar 1949 madhye mavrovo rashtriy udyan aanee 1958 madhye mount galicica heey rashtriy udyan banale. 1980 madhye rashtriy udyananchya sanrakshanavaril kayada lagoo karnyat aala. itar sanrakshit kshetranmadhye 'rashtriy smarke' (smoller fauls, markovi kulee, kuklika, loveky-golemo, slatinsky izvor guha, lake prespa, lake dojran aanee vevhachani springs), 'kathor nisarg rakheev' (fakt ploche litotelmi), 'nisarg udyane' (lake prespamadhil ejerani) aanee 'naisargik durmilata' (donna duca guha) yancha samavesh aahe. vaiyaktik prajatinna naisargik durmilata dekhil ghoshit kele jaau shakate aanee haah darja cychemore zadala denyat aala aahe. sanrakshit kshetre tatpuratya paddhatine aanee vividh karanansathi sthapan kelee gelee aahet, parinami konatehi susangat jaale kinwa dhoran nahee. nisarg sanrakshn kayadyane tyanchi sahaa shreninmadhye vibhagani kelee. ekoon 86 sanrakshit sthalanmadhye 230,083 hector kinwa deshachya 8.9 takke kshetracha (4.5 takke rashtriy udyane, 3 takke smarke, 1.4 takke itar sanrakshit kshetre) samavesh aahe. yaa rashtriy udyananni vyavasthapan pranali sthapit kelya aahet, tarr itar sanrakshit kshetranmadhye vishisht yojana aanee samarpit vaidnyanik abhyasancha abhav aahe. shaar parvat rashtriy udyan heey chauthe udyan 2021 madhye tayar karnyat aale.
uttar macedonian kayadyantargat sanrakshit prajatinche done varg aahet, 'katekorpane sanrakshit' aanee 'sanrakshit'. katekorpane sanrakshit" prajatinsathi rashtriy sanrakshn upay astitvat aahet, parantu "sanrakshit" mhanoon olakhalya gelelya prajatinsathi adyap naheet. vanyajeev aanee vanyajeev bhaganchya vyaparavar niyantran thevanyasathi kayada karnyat aala aahe.
rajyaghatanene khelatil pranyanna samanya vastoo mhanoon manale aahe, jyanna vishesh sanrakshn dile aahe. sadhyache niyaman shikaravaril 2012 chya kayadyantargat sthapit kele gele aahe. 133 vanya prajatinche khel mhanoon vargikaran kele aaheh 110 pakshi aanee 23 sastan prani. mothya khelasathi 112 aanee lahan khelasathi 144 shikar sthale aahet. heey serve samanya shikar vyavasthapan master plan antargat 11 shikar vyavasthapan kshetranmadhye vibhagale gele aahet. sarvat jaast shikar kelya jaananya prajatinmadhye sase, teetar, teetar, jangali dukkar aanee camois yancha samavesh hoto. purvi asurakshit aswalanna 1988 madhye eka khel prajati mhanoon vargikrut karnyat aale hote, 1996 madhye shikar kayadyane sanrakshn midale. 762 landge, 76 hareen, 521 camois, 6000 hoon adhik jangali dukkar, 32,000 hoon adhik sase, 252 shikari pakshi aanee 1500 jalchar 2003 aanee 2012 darmyan golya ghatalyache nondavale gele. kahee shikar kelelya prajatinchya sankhyet tivra ghat jhaali aahe. kahee harananchi sankhya 93 takkyanparyant qamee jhaali aahe. sanrakshit aanee katekorpane sanrakshit prajatinchi kayadeshir yadee vargikaranasaha adyayavat thewali gelee nahee, udaharanarth duheri-mojani prajatindware jyanna purvi anek nave denyat aalee hotee.
aantarrashtriy adhiveshan.
uttar macedonia 1997 madhye jaivik vividhatevaril kararala, 1997 madhye hawaman badalavaril sanyukt rashtranchya aarakhadyachya kararala, 2002 madhye valvantikaranacha samna karnyasathi sanyukt rashtranche adhiveshan aanee 2004 madhye kyoto protocolla manyata dilee. uttar macedonia european vatvaghalanchya loksankhyechya sanvardhanavaril vishisht kararasah aanee african-europeey sthalantarit jalpakshyanchya sanvardhanavaril kararasah vanya pranyanchya sthalantarit prajatinchya sanvardhanavaril kararalahi manyata dilee.
ramsar kararantargat ekoon done kshetranna aantarrashtriy mahatva asalelya panthal pradesh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aaheh 1995 madhye lake prespa aanee 2007 madhye dorjan talav. tathapi, kararantargat jababdanya asoonahi, sadhya panthal jaganchya sanvardhanasathi konatahi rashtriy karyakram nahee. ohrid talawala 1979 madhye nisargachya nikashannusar unescoche jaagtik varsa sthal mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale. slattinsky izvor guha aanee markovi kulee landscapechi tatpurati nondani 2004 madhye karnyat aalee.