
trotula

trotula heey naav 12 vya shatkat dakshin italian bandar shahar saleranomadhye lihilelya mahilanchya aushadhanvaril teen granthanchya samoohala sandarbhit karate. heey naav teen granthanpaiki ekashi sambandhit asalelya, eka vaidya aanee vaidyakeey lekhika, saleranochya trota yaa aitihasik stree vyaktimatvavarun aale aahe. tathapi, madhyayugat 'trotula' hii eka kharee vyakti mhanoon samajali jaau lagali aanee tathakathit 'trotula' grunth madhyayugeen europemadhye, spainpasoon polandparyant aanee sisilipasoon aayarlandparyant mothya pramanat prasarit jhalyamule, 'trotula' laa tichya swatachya adhikarat aitihasik mahatva aahe.
trotula' granthah utpatti aanee lekhakatva.
12vya shatkat, dakshin italian bandar shahar salerno heey "paschim europemadhye arabi aushadhanchya praveshasathiche sarvat mahattvache kendra" mhanoon mothya pramanavar olakhale jaat hote. 12 vya shatkatil celernochya shalecha sandarbh detana, itihaskarancha arth pratyakshat guru aanee vidyarthyancha anaupacharik samuday assa aahe, jyanni 12 vya shatkat shikshan aanee tapasachya qamee-adhik pramanat aupcharik paddhati vikasit kelya; 13 vya shatkapurvi konatyahi bhautik kinwa kayadeshir astitva asalyacha konatahi purava nahee.
"mahilanchya paristhiti," "mahilansathi upchar" "aanee" "mahilanchya saundaryaprasadhananna" "samanyatah ektritpane" "trotula" "mhanoon sambodhale jaate". teey balantpanapasun saundaryaprasadhananparyantche vishay samavisht karatat, gallenpasoon tondi paramparanparyantchya vividh strotanvar avalambun asatat, vyavharik soochana detat. hii kaame sanghatana aanee aashay yaa donhimadhye bhinn asatat. "12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat kahee velela 'mahilansathichya upchar' sobat jodale jaiparyant 'mahilanchya paristhiti' aanee 'mahilanche saundaryaprasadhane' adnyatpane prasarit hott hotya. pudhil shekado varshe, 'trotula' samooh sampoorn europemadhye pasarla, 14 vya shatkat tyachi sarvat mothee lokpriyata gathali. aaj lattin granthanchya 130 hoon adhik pratee aanee anek madhyayugeen sthanik bhashantarachya 60 hoon adhik pratee astitvat aahet.
"lieber daad synthomatibus muliyaram" ("mahilanchya paristhitivaril pustak").
europemadhye nuktech pravesh karoo lagalelya naveen arabi aushadhacha sweekar kartana 'lieber daad synthomatibus muliyaram' ('mahilanchya paristhitivaril pustak') heey navinyapurn hote. 1996 madhye hirave rung dakhavalyanusar, "mahilanchya paristhiti" hii "viaticum" chya strirogshastriy aanee prasutivishayak adhyayanvar mothya pramanat avalambun asate, 11 vya shatkachya uttaradhat purn jhalelya ibn all-jazarchya arabi "zaad all-musafir" chya african lattin anuvadala sthir karate. gallenchya tattvanvar aadharit arabi aushadh adhik anumanatmak aanee tatvik hote. itar ullekhaneey doctoranchya ulat gallencha assa vishvas hota qee masik paalee hii eka aavashyak aanee nirogi shuddhi aahe. gallenne thampane sangitale qee striya purushanpeksha jaast thund asatat aanee tyanchi poshakdravye "shijavu" shakat naheet; tyamule tyanni masik palichya madhyamatoon atirikt padarth kadhoon takale pahijet. kharey tarr, lekhakacha mahilanchya aarogya aanee prajanankshamatemadhye masik palichya bhoomikebaddal sakaratmak drushtikon aaheh "masik palichya raktamadhye eka jiwant prani asalyamule teey vishesh aahe. teey zadasarkhe kaam karate. phal denyapurvi zadala pratham phule asane aavashyak aahe. masik palichya velee yenare rakt heey fulasarkhe asateh teey phal-balacha-janm honyapurvi baher yene aavashyak asate."aanakhi eka sthitee jee lekhak dirghkal sambodhit karato tee mhanje garbhacha gudmarane; itar karanambarobarach, maadee veerya jaast asalyamule (aanakhi eka gallenic kalpana). done bhinn saiddhantik sthitimadhye parasparvirodhi asalyache disate-eka jyamadhye garbhasathi sharirat "bhatakane" shakya asalyache suchavale gele aanee dusare jyamadhye ashee halchal sharirikdrushtya ashakya asalyache disale-lekhak garbhashay shwasan avayavanparyant pohochanyachi shakyata manya karat asalyache disate. navyane janmalelya mulasathi upchar aanee yogya aahar heey itar mudde aahet, jyanvar dirghkal charcha jhaali. masik palichya vikar aanee garbhashayachya prajananasah itar anek vishayanvyatirikt balacha janm aanee garbhadharanevaril adhyayanvar charcha hott aahe. lieber dii synthomatibus muliyaram' madhye uddhrut kelele serve adhikrut adhikari purush aaheth hippocrates, oribasius, diascorides, pollus aanee justinus.
"daad curis muliyaram" ("mahilansathichya upcharanvar").
"dii curis muliyaram" ("mahilansathichya upcharanvar") haah teen "trotula" granthanpaiki ekmev grunth aahe joou pratyakshat salernochya salernitan practitioner trotala shrey deela jaato jevha too swatantra grunth mhanoon prasarit keela jaato. tathapi, assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee trotala tyachya vastavik lekhakapeksha yaa majkurachya mage ubha asalela "adhikari" mhanoon sambodhane kadachit changle aahe. lekhak strirogshastriy paristhiti kinwa tyanchya karananshi sambandhit siddhant dett nahee, parantu vaidyakeey tayari kashee tayar karayachi aanee lagoo karayachi heey vachkala fakt kalavato. ekatmatecha abhav aahe, parantu strirogvidnyan, endrological, balrogatadnya, saundaryaprasadhan aanee samanya vaidyakeey paristhitishi sambandhit vibhag aahet. prajanankshamatechya upcharanvar laksh kendrit karnyavyatirikt, kaumarya kase "punarsanchayit karave" yasarkhya vyavharik soochananchi eka shreni aahe, tasech mutrashayachya niyantranat adachani aanee jaast chumban ghetalyamule oth futane yasarkhya samasyansathi upchar aahet. mahilanchya vaidyakeey samasyanvar bharr denanya kamat, purushanchya vikaranvaril upayanchahi samavesh keela jaato.
"dii aurnatu muliyaram" ("mahilanchya saundaryaprasadhananvar").
"dii aurnatu muliyaram" ("mahilanchya saundaryaprasadhananvar") haah eka grunth aahe joou mahilanche saundarya kase jatan karave aanee sudharave heey shikavato. tyachi suruvat eka prastavnesah hote (nantar 'trotula' samoohatoon vagalale gele) jyamadhye lekhak swatahla eka mardani sarvanam deto aanee kesanchi (sharirik kesansah), chehara, oth, daat, tond aanee (mool aavruttimadhye) jananendriyachi kalji gheuun yaa shikshanachya bhagala ekatra karoon 'mitranchi eka anandadayi gardi' midvanyachi tyachi mahatvakanksha spasht karato. greenne namood kelyapramane, lekhkala bahudha mothya prekshakanchi aasha hotee, kaaran tyane asey nirikshan kele qee alpschya palikade asalelya mahilanna italian mahilanni kelelya spa madhye pravesh milanar nahee aanee mhanoon tyat paryayi vafechya snanasathichya soochanancha samavesh hota. lekhak dawa karat nahee qee tyane varnan kelelya tayari tyachya swatachya shodh aahet. tyane swatah sakshidar asalyacha dawa kelela eka upchar eka cicilian mahilene tayar keela hota aanee tyane tyach vishayavar (tondacha gandh) aanakhi eka upay jodala jyache too swatah samarthan karato. anyatha, urvarit majkoor anubhavjanya abhyaskankadun shikalele upay ekatra gola karat asalyache disateh saundaryaprasadhananchya kalecha sarav kartana mallah vyavharik vatananya mahilanche niyam tyanni samavisht karnyachya marganche teey spashtapane varnan karatat."parantu jaree striya tyache srot asayachya, taree tyaa tyachya tatkal shrotya navhatyah mahilanna sunder banavanyachya tyanchya dnyanatun laabh midvanyasathi swatahsarkhya itar purush vyavsayikanchya fayadhyasathi tyane tyache atyant sanrachit karya sadar kele.
majkurachya mool aavruttit sahaa vela, lekhak vishisht paddhatinche shrey muslim mahilanna deto, jyanchya saundaryaprasadhan paddhatinche anukaran khrishchan mahilanni sisilivar kele asey olakhale jaate. aanee ekunach majkoor islamik jagaat niyamitpane vyapar kelya jaananya masalyanchya aanee sugandhi padarthanchya aantarrashtriy bajarpethechi pratima sadar karato. lonee, lavang, dalchini, jayfal aanee galangal yaa sarvancha varanvar vapar keela jaato. trotula' samooh tayar karananya itar done granthanpeksha, 'dii aurnatu muliyaram' heey sthanik dakshin italian sanskraticha anubhav aanee dakshin italichya norman rajanni sisilivar islami sanskruti swikarlyamule upalabdh karoon dileli samruddha bhautik sanskruti yaa donhi goshtinna tipat asalyache disate.
trotula' chaa madhyayugeen varsa.
trotula" grunth heey "baravya shatkachya uttaradhapasun teey pandharavya shatkaparyant mahilanchya aushadhanvaril samagriche sarvat lokpriy sankalan manale jaatat."trotulachya jawaljawal 200 vidyaman hastalikhite (lattin aanee sthanik bhasha) 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun 15 vya shatkachya shevataparyant europemadhye pasarlelya mool sankhyechya keval eka chhotya bhagache pratinidhitva karatat. trotulachya kahee aavruttyanni sampoorn europeey parisancharan upbhogale. 14 vya shatkachya uttaradhat yaa kamanni lattinmadhye tyanchya lokpriyatechya shikharavar pohochale. anek madhyayugeen sthanik bhashantare 15vya shatkat aanee germany aanee englandmadhye 16vya shatkat granthanchi lokpriyata vadhavat gelee.
lattinmadhye prasar.
tinhi 'trotula' grunth anek shatkanparyant swatantra grunth mhanoon prasarit jhaale. pratyek aavrutti anek vegvegalya aavrutyanmadhye aadhalate, bahudha nantarchya sampadak kinwa lekhakanchya hastakshepamule. tathapi, 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, eka kinwa adhik anamik sampadakanni mahilanche aushadh aanee saundaryaprasadhananvaril teen swatantra khaare mulanche grunth yancha antarnihit sambandh olakhala aanee tyamule tyanna ekach samoohat ekatra aanale. 1996 madhye jevha tine 'trotula' hastalikhitanchya sampoorn vidyaman sangrahanche sarvekshan kele, tevha greenne lattin 'trotula' samoohatil aath vegvegalya aavrutya olakhalya. yaa aavrutya kadhikadhi shabdanmadhye bhinn asatat, parantu adhik spashtapane vishisht samagrichi jode, hatvane kinwa punarrachana karoon. tathakathit 'pramanit samooh' majkuracha sarvat paripakv tappa pratibimbit karato aanee vidyapithachya vyavasthanmadhye too visheshtah aakarshak disat hota. lattin 'trotula' chya serve prakarchya dnyat malakanchya sarvekshanat heey keval paschim aanee madhya europemadhil vidwan doctoranchya hatat nahee tarr ingland, germany aanee switzerlandmadhil bhikshunchya hatatahi; itali aanee kataloniyamadhil shalyachikitsakanchya hatat; aanee agadi france aanee englandchya kahee rajanchya hatatahi asalyache disun aale.
madhyayugeen sthanik bhashantare.
vaidyakeey lekhanasathi sthanik bhashancha vapar karnyacha cull 12 vya shatkat suru jhaala aanee nantarchya madhyayugat tyat vaadh jhaali. tyamule 'trotula' chee anek sthanik bhashantare hii samanya pravrutticha bhag hotee. 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat dakshin francemadhye kuthetari kelele hebrumadhye pahile dnyat bhashantar hote. pudhil anuvad, 13 vya shatkat, anglo-norman aanee junya french bhashet jhaale. aanee 14vya aanee 15vya shatkat dutch, madhya ingraji, french (punha), german, ayrish aanee italian bhashet anuvad aahet. agadi alikade, 15 vya shatkatil vaidyakeey vividhatamadhye, florencemadhil biblioteka rickardianachya tabyat asalelya 'trotula' granthanpaiki eka granthache catalan bhashantar sapadale aahe. dii curis muliyaram" chey heey tukadyache bhashantar yethe pratilipikarane (kadachit eka shalyachikitsak swatachya vaparasathi prat banavat aahe) majkurachya lattin aavruttisah gola kele aahe, jeey farak adhorekhit karate.
sthanik bhashetil anuvadanche astitva asey soochit karate qee 'trotula' granthanna naveen prekshak milat hote. jawaljawal nishchitpane tyaa mahila hotya, parantu aavashyak nahee. jawaljawal done dozen madhyayugeen bhashantaranpaiki keval saat bhashantare mahila prekshakanna spashtapane sambodhit kelee gelee aahet aanee tyapaiki kahee bhashantarehi purush vachakanni saha-nivadali hotee. trotula' chya pratichi pahili dastaivajikaran keleli mahila malak dorothea susanna wonn dair falz, duchess auph saxony-weimer (1544-92) aahe, jine tichya swatachya vaparasathi johannes hartleybchya syudo-alberts magnus 'secrets auph women' aanee 'daas butch trotula' chya jodalelya german anuvadanchi prat tayar kelee hotee.
"madhyayugatil 'trotula' chee prasiddhi.
trotula' granthanchya madhyayugeen vachakanna hastalikhitemadhye sapadalelya gunavisheshavar shanka ghenyache konatehi kaaran navhate aanee mhanoon 'trotula' (tyanna shirshak aivaji vaiyaktik naav mhanoon shabd samajale asey gruheet dharoon) haah mahilanchya aushadhanvaril adhikar mhanoon swikarla gela. udaharanarth, doctor petrus hyspanus (13vya shatkachya madhyat) yanni tyanchya vibhagat mahilanchya strirogshastriy aanee prasutivishayak paristhitivar anek vela 'domina trotula' (lady trotula) chaa ullekh keela. daad emins chanceller, kavee aanee vaidya, richard dii forenival (aaa. 1260), 'incipit lieber trotule sanatrices salernitain dii curis muliyaram' ('yethe mahilanchya upcharanvarche trotula, daad salernitan maadee upcharak' heey pustak suru hote) yaa shirshakachi eka prat tayar kelee. lattin 'trotula' samoohatil done pratinmadhye lekhakache kalpanashil chitran samavisht aahe; 14 vya shatkachya suruvatichya hastalikhitat sapadaleli paine-andd-shaee wash pratima jee aata velakam librarykade aahe tee 'trotula' chee sarvat prasiddha pratima aahe (vareel pratima pahaa). 13 vya shatkatil 'trotula' chey kahee sandarbh, tathapi, teela keval saundaryaprasadhananvaril adhikar mhanoon uddhrut karatat. mahilanchya aushadhachya vishayavaril 'trotula' haah antim adhikar hota, assa vishvas, itaranni lihilelya granthanche shrey teela dile, udaharanarth strirogshastra aanee prasutishastravaril 15 vya shatkatil madhya ingraji sangrah, jeey purush lekhak gilberts anglicus aanee massio yanchya granthanvar aadharit hote, jyala tyachya chaar vidyaman pratinpaiki eka pratimadhye 'lieber trotularis' mhatale gele. tyachpramane, 14 vya shatkatil eka catalan lekhakane tyachya kamache shirshak pramukhyane mahilanchya saundaryaprasadhananvar kendrit 'loow libre' asey dile. . . all kwal aaa mess nome trotula ("pustak... jyala 'trotula' mhanatat).
vaidyakeey adhikari mhanoon tichi bhoomika" sobatach, trotula 13 vya shatkat suru jhalelya eka naveen karyasathi aalih mahilanchya swabhavabaddalachya strivirodhi matansathi mukhpatra. kahee pramanat, heey 'mahilanchya rahasyambaddal' mhanje pidhichya prakriyambaddal mahitee midvanyachya samanya pravruttishi jodalele hote. jevha munich vaidya johannis hartlieb (aaa. 1468) yanni 'trotula' chey german bhashantar kele, tyanni keval 'trotula' chaa darja raniparyantach vadhavala nahee, tarr 'mahilanchi guptata' yaa chhadm-alberton majkurashi dekhil jodale. placids andd timus' navacha eka majkoor 'trotula' yaa vishesh adhikarala shrey deto, kaaran tee 'tee eka stree asalyane swatamadhye kaay vatat hote' aanee 'serve striyanni tyanche aantarik vichar konatyahi purushapeksha teela adhik sahajpane prakat kele aanee tyanna tyanche swabhav sangitale."geophrey chausar yaa manovrutticha pratidhvani karat aahe jevha tyane tyachya" "dusht patninchya pustakat" "trotulache naav samavisht kele aahe, bathcha pachva patee, yankinchya patnichya malkichya vaivahik virodhi aanee stridveshpurn lekhancha sangrah, canterbury kathanchya bathchya kathechya (prastavna, (dii), 669-85) patnimadhye sangitalyapramane".
trotula' chaa aadhunik varsa.
trotula' chya punarujjivan aavrutya aanee lekhkabaddalche suruvatiche vadavivad.
trotula' grunth pratham 1544 madhye chhapil swarupat disu lagale, jeey 1470 chya dashakat vaidyakeey granthansathi suru jhalelya chhapaichya dishene chalanyachya prathemadhye khoop usheera hote. trotula prakashit jhaale teey vidwan doctoransathi ajunahi tatkal vaidyakeey vaparache hote mhanoon nahee (15 vya shatkatil itar vividh granthanni tyaa bhoomikesathi tyachi jaaga ghetali hotee), parantu strasberg prakashak johannis scotus yanni anubhavjanya aushadhacha sakshidar mhanoon tyacha navyane shodh lavala hota. skotsane george crout yaa doctor sahkanyala trotula sampadit karnyasathi patvoon dile, jyala skotsane nantar 'experimentarius medicine' ('aushadhanchya trie-andd-true remediescha sangrah') navachya khandat samavisht kele, jyat saleranochya nikatchya samkalin, binganchya hildegardchya trotamadhil 'physica' dekhil samavisht hotee. crout, granthanmadhil vikar pahoon, parantu heey kharokhar teen vegvegalya lekhakanche kaam hote heey olakhoon naan gheta, sampoorn kaam 61 vishayanchya adhyayanmadhye punha vyavasthit kele. tyanni ithe-tithe majkoor badalanyache swatantryahi ghetale. greenne namood kelyapramane, 'trotula' laa ekach, suvyavasthit, purnapane tarksangat majkoor pradan karnyachya crotchya prayatnanchi vidambana ashee hotee qee, yaa prakriyet, pudhil 400 varshe too aitihasik mahila trotanche vishisht yogdan aspasht karnar hota."
crout (aanee tyacha prakashak, scotus) yanni majkurache shrey 'trotula' asey kayam thewale."kharey tarr, eka adviteey naveen shirshak lagoo kartana-" "trotula kurandaram agritudinum mulibrium antey, inn, aanee postpartem lieber" "(" "janmapurvi, darmyan aanee janmanantar mahilanchya roganchya upcharanvaril trotulache pustak" ")-crott aanee scotus yanni abhimanane" "trotulachya stritvachya olakhivar" "bharr deela". scotsney tichi prashansa kelee qee, "eka stree konatyahi samanya prakarchi nasoon, eka uttam anubhav aanee pandityapurn stree aahe."tyachya majkurachya" "safsafai" "madhye, croutney heey serve spasht sanket dadapun takale hote qee haah pracheen nasoon madhyayugeen majkoor hota". jevha haah majkoor pudhil chhapala gela, 1547 madhye (trotulachya tyanantarchya serve chhapinmadhye croutchya aavrutticha punarvapar keela jaeel), tevha too 'medisi antiki omness quii latinis literis diversorum morborum genera andd remedia sutsuti sunt, undick conquisity' ('serve pracheen lattin doctoranche lekhan jyanni vividh roganche prakar aanee upcharanche varnan aanee sankalan kele') navachya sangrahat disala. tevhapasoon 18 vya shatkaparyant, 'trotula' haah ekhadya pracheen granthasarkha manla jaat hota. hiravya swaranpramane, 'trotula', mhanoon, hildegardchya ulat, punarujjivan manavtavadichya chhananitun bachavala kaaran tee tichya madhyayugeen sambandhanpasun bachavu shakali. pann hetch yash hote jyamule shevati teela 'strimukt' kele gele. 1550 teey 1572 darmyan jevha 'trotula' aanakhi aath aavrutyanmadhye punarmudran karnyat aale, tevha teey eka mahileche kaam hote mhanoon navhe tarr teey 'antiquisimus aktar' ('eka atishay pracheen lekhak') yanche kaam hote mhanoon hote."
"1566 madhye hans caspar wolfney 'trotula' haah 'anavuman' keela hota, jyane strirogshastriy granthanchya sangrahat 'trotula' samavisht kelela pahila hota. wolfney lekhakache naav 'trotula' varoon 'eros' asey jodale, joou roman samradnyi juliacha mukt jhalela purush gulam hotah 'daad book auph womens matters auph eros, physician [aanee] friedman auph julia, jyala kahinni' trotula '(' erotis medisi liberty yulia, kwem aliki trotulum inapte nominant, mulibrium liberium ') asey naav dile aahe. hii kalpana hadrianus junious (adrian dejonge, 1511-75) yaa dutch vaidyakadoon aalee, jyacha assa vishvas hota qee pracheen granthanchya anek chukichya aaropansathi majkooratil bhrashtachar karanibhoot aahe. greenne namood kelyapramane, jaree 'trotula' chee bhunsani hii ughadpane stridveshapeksha manavtavadi sampadakiy utsahachi krutee asali taree strirogshastra aanee prasutishastravaril lekhakanchya udayonmukh siddhantat aata konatihi mahila lekhak shillak naheet hii vastusthiti kadhihi nondavali gelee nahee.
lekhakatva aanee 'trotula' chya astitvabaddal aadhunik vadavivad.
jarr eka mahila lekhika mhanoon 'trotula' chaa manavtavadi doctoranna kahee upayog jhaala nahee, tarr itar vicharvantanchya babatit heey kharey asavech asey nahee. 1681 madhye, italian itihaskar antonio majha yane 1681 madhye tyachya 'historiurum epitome dii ribus salernitanis' ('salernochya itihasache epitome') madhye 'trotula' chey punarutthan kele. yethe yaa shraddhecha ugam aahe qee "trotula" neey salerno vidyapithat eka khurchi ghetalih "pitrubhoomit bharbharat jhaali, vidyapithat [abhyasak] shikavale aanee tyanchya pradhyapak khurchya, abela, mercuriodis, rebekka, troot (jyanna kahee lock" trotula "mhanatat) yanchyakadun vyakhyane dilee, jeey serve aashcharyakarak encomia (tirakune namood kelyapramane), tasech senshiya gurna (bhagyavan fidelisne mhatalyapramane) neey sajare kele pahijet."greenne asey suchavale aahe qee hii kalpanik katha (12 vya shatkat saleranomadhye konatehi vidyapith navhate, mhanoon purush kinwa mahilansathi pradhyapak khurchya navhatya) teen varshanpurvi elena cornaro yanna padua yethe tattvadnyanat doctorate midali hotee, jee pahili aupcharik ph.dii. kadhihi eka strila puraskar deela. mazza, tyachya petriyachya gauravshali itihasache dastaivajikaran karnyasathi chintit, celerno, meey
mahila pradhyapak tayar karnyat padua pradhanya deu shakat nahee heey dakhavanyacha prayatna keela jaat aahe."
1773 madhye jeena, see. jee. grunerne 'trotula' haah eka pracheen grunth aahe yaa kalpanela aavhan dile, parantu tyane hii kalpana dekhil fetalali qee 'trotula' haah granthacha lekhak asoo shakala asata (crotchya aavruttivar kaam kartana, tyala dekhil vatale qee too ekach grunth aahe) kaaran tee antargatpane uddhrut kelee gelee hotee. (hii 'dii curis muliyaram' madheel garbhatil 'vaara' asalelya strichya saleranochya upcharachi katha aahe.) aanee mhanoon 19vya aanee 20vya shatkat 'trotula' baddalchya vadavivadasathi munch tayar karnyat aala. jyanna khareej utkrushtata aanee/kinwa mahila yashacha pratinidhi havah hota, tyanchyasathi manavtavadichya nashatoon 'tee' punha midavata yeu shakate. sanshayvadyansathi (aanee sanshayvadasathi anek karane hotee), yaa astavyast majkuramage kharokharach konatihi mahila vaidyakeey adhikari hotee yabaddal sanshayache kaaran shodhane sope hote. 1970 chya dashakat hii paristhiti hotee, jevha strivadachya dusya latene 'trotula' punha shodhala. judy shikagochya strivadi qalaa sansthapanamadhye, 'dinner party' (1974-79) madhye aamantrit atithi mhanoon 'trotula' chaa samavesh, hii charcha suru raheel yachee khatri karoon dete.
aadhunik vidvattet celernochya trotyachi punarprapti.
1544 pasoon 1970 chya dashkaparyant, kathit lekhak 'trotula', pro kinwa conbaddalche serve dave george croutchya punarujjivan mudrit majkuravar aadharit hote. pann tee eka kalpanik katha hotee, jyamadhye teen vegvegalya lekhakanchya kamanmadhun 'trotula' sankalit karnyat aalee hotee ashee serve shevatchi chinhe mitavali hotee. 1985 madhye california institute auph technologyche itihaskar johnn eff. bentonne 'trotula' chya 'trotula' granthanshi asalelya sambandhanchya prashnavar mageel vicharanche sarvekshan karnara eka abhyas prakashit keela. too abhyas teen pramukh karanansathi mahattvacha hota. (1) jaree kahee aadhichya vidvananni 'trotula' chya chhapil punarujjivan aavrutya aanee madhyayugeen hastalikhitemadhye sapadalelya majkuratil visangati nondavalya hotya, taree punarujjivan sampadakachya durusti kitee vyapak hotya heey siddha karnare benton heey pahile hote. haah eka majkoor navhata aanee 'eka' lekhakahi navhata. tyaeivaji, teey teen vegvegale grunth hote. (2) 19vya aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatichya vidvattene nirman jhalelya 'trotula' baddalchya anek dantkathancha bentonne naash keela. udaharanarth, tichya nawala jodalele 'daad rugiro' heey topananav nivval shodh hote. tyachpramane, tichya janmatarikh kinwa mrutyuchya davyancha kinwa 'ticha' patee kinwa mule kona hotee yacha konatahi aadhar navhata. (3) sarvat mahattvache mhanje, bentonne aata madridmadhye asalelya eka hastalikhitat 'practica secondum trotum' (trotanusar vyavharik aushadh) chaa shodh lavalyachi ghoshana kelee, jyane saleranochya astitvachya aanee lekhak asalyachya davyacha aitihasik troot sthapit keela.
1988 madhye bentonchya mrutyunantar, monica etch. greenne 'trotula' chey naveen bhashantar prakashit karnyache kaam haatee ghetale, jeey vaidyakeey itihasache vidyarthi aanee vidwan aanee madhyayugeen mahila vaparu shakat hote. tathapi, bentonchya swatachya shodhanmule punarujjivan aavruttivar aanakhi konatehi avalambitva aprasangik jhaale hote, mhanoon greenne "trotula" chya serve vidyaman lattin hastalikhitanche aanee "trotula" samoohatil naveen aavruttiche sampoorn sarvekshan kele. serve 'trotula' grunth purushanni lihilele hote yaa bentonchya davyashi greenne asahmati darshavali aahe. visheshtah, jaree green heey bentonshee sahmat asale, qee 'mahilanchya paristhiti' aanee 'mahilanchya saundaryaprasadhananchi' purush lekhnakshamta sambhavya aahe, tarr greenne heey dakhavun dile aahe qee keval 'dii curis muliyaram' (mahilanchya upcharanvar) heey sarvat aadhi dnyat asalelya aavruttitil (jithe teey ajunahi swatantrapane firat hote) saleranochya aitihasik trotala thet shrey dile jaat nahee, tarr majkoor trotyashi sambandhit itar kamanmadhil parichhedanshi spasht samantar darshavito aanee mahila rugnachya shariravar jordar jawalcha pravesh suchavato, jeey tyaa kalatil sanskrutik nirbandhanmule, bahudha keval mahila practitionerla parvanagi dilee gelee asatee.
"lokpriy sanskratimadhye 'trotula' chee prasiddhi.
kadachit 'trotula' chey sarvat prasiddha lokpriyikaran judy shikagochya 'daad dinner party' (1979) yaa kalakrutimadhye hote, jeey aata brooklin museum auph aartmadhye kayamswarupi pradarshit kele gele aahe, jyat 'trotula' sathee eka thikan aahe."yetheel chitran (bentonne 1985 madhye saleranochya trotyacha shodh lagnyapurvichya prakashananvar aadharit) kathit charitratmak tapashilancha eka sangam sadar karate jeey aata vidvananni swikarlele naheet. shikagochya 'trotula' chya utsavasathi tichyabaddal ullekh asalelya aadhunik sanketsthalancha prasar jhaala yaat shanka nahee, jyapaiki anek varr namood kelelya visarjit gairsamajanna durust naan karata punaravrutti karatat. viennamadhil eka dawakhana aanee aadhunik saleranomadhil eka rastyala aanee agadi eka rastyalahi 'trotula' chey naav denyat aale aahe, jeey serve chukun shikagosarkhya kamanchya lokpriyatepasun vyutpann jhalelya 'tichya' baddalchya kalpananna kayam thevat aahet. tyachpramane, vaidyakeey lekhak, tyanchya kshetratil mahilancha itihas kinwa vishisht strirogshastriy paristhiticha itihas darshavanyachya prayatnat, 'trotula' chya (kinwa agadi naveen gairsamaj shodhane) naan vaparlelya samajancha punarvapar karat rahatat. tathapi, 12 vya shatkatil europemadhil mahattvachya vaidyakeey vyakti mhanoon, 'trotula' aanee vastavik trotanche samkalin, binganche dharmik aanee vaidyakeey lekhak hildegard yaa doghanchya shikagochya unnatimule yaa mahilanchya aitihasik aathvani kasha tayar jhalya yache mahatva spasht jhaale. trotula' chya sammishra majkuratoon aitihasik stree trotala kadhanyasathi benton aanee hiravya rangala sumare vees varshe lagali heey guntaguntichya majkurachya parampareche aanee madhyayugatil granthanchya vyapak prasarache karya hote. hii shishyavrutti midvinyasathi troot aanee trotulachya lokpriy samajutila aanakhi jaast vel lagat aahe, yamule mahilanchya itihasachya utsavanmadhye jyaa prakriyedvare tee nond sapadate aanee gola kelee jaate tyaa prakriyechi adhik manyata samavisht nasavi qaa assa prashna upasthit jhaala aahe.
trotula" granthanchya madhyayugeen hastalikhite.
2001 madhye pramanit 'trotula' samoohanchi greenchi aavrutti prakashit jhalyapasun, anek granthalaye tyanchya madhyayugeen hastalikhitanchi uchch darjachi digital pratima upalabdh karoon dett aahet. aata online sallamasalatisathi upalabdh asalelya 'trotula' chya hastalikhitanchi yadee khalilpramane aahe. shelfmark vyatirikt, nirdeshank kramank ektar greenschya 1996 chya "trotula" granthanchya lattin hastalikhitanchya yaditoon kinwa greenschya 1997 chya madhyayugeen sthanik bhashetil anuvadanchya hastalikhitanchya yaditoon deela jaato.
lattin hastalikhite
latt 16: cambridge, triiniity college, ms r.14.30 (903), eff. eff. 187r-204v (naveen folliation, 74r-91v) (oo. xiii ex., france): proto-ensemble (apoorn), HTTP:// sites.trin.cam.aii. see.yooke/hastalikhite/aar _ 14 _ 30/hastalikhit.pii. etch. pii.?purn paan = 1
latt 24: firence [florence], biblioteka laurenziana, plut. 73, codd. 37, eff. eff. 2 aar-41 aar (ess. xiii2, itali): madhyavarti samooh, HTTP:// Ww.aantarjal sanskruti.teey/jeey. emm. emm. ess./aay. see. kyu. viewer/aay. see. see. yuu.jeey. ess. pii.?id = oo. aii. aay.% 3teka.bii. emm. ell. line.heey% 3a21% 3aXXX% 3aplutei% 3it% 253afi0100_plutei_73.37&mode=all&teca=laurenziana +-+ fi
latt48: london, velakam library, emm. ess. 517, miseleniya alchemica xii (purvi phillips 2946), eff. eff. 129v-134r (s. ex. vhee. ex., bahudha flanders): proto-ensemble (ark), HTTP:// shodh.uttam granthalay.org/iii/encore/reecord/c _ rb1964315?laang = ing
latt49: london, velakam library, emm. ess. 544, miseleniya medica xviii, peepi. 65a-72b, 63a-64b, 75a-84a (s. xiv aat., france): madhyavarti samooh, HTTP:// welcom library.org/player/b19745588 #?aii. ess. aay. = 0 aanee aii. aay. = 86 aanee zed = 0.1815%2c0.5167%2c0.2003%2c0.1258&r=0. hii ashee prat aahe jyat bhramankakshala dharoon asalelya "trotula" chee suprasiddha pratima samavisht aahe.
latt 50: london, velakam library, emm. ess. 548, miseleniya medica xxii, eff. eff. 140r-145v (ess. ex. vhee. maid., germany kinwa flanders): pramanit samooh (nivad), HTTP:// shodh.uttam granthalay.org/iii/encore/reecord/c _ rb1926717?laang = ing
latt81: auxford, pembroke college, ms 21, eff. eff. 176 aar-189 aar (ess. xiii ex., ingland): proto-ensemble (fakt "ell. ess. emm."); "dome" (tukada), HTTP:// digital-sangrah.pii. emm. bii.bail.aii. see.yuu. keey./ms-21 
latt87: parris, bibliothech national dii france, ms latt. 7056, eff. eff. 77 aar. bii.-86vhee. aii.; 97 aar. bii.-100aar. aii. (ess. xiii maid.ingland kinwa aine. france): sankramankalin samooh (gut buub); "tame" ("ell. ess. emm." chaa uu. paath), HTTP:// gallica.bii. aine. eff.eff. aar./jahajah/12148/btv1bii9076918doubleu
latt113: vatican, biblioteca apostolica vaticana, ms paal. latt. 1304 (kodeksmadhye 5 chaa tisra ms), eff. eff. 38r-45v, 47r-48v, 46r-v, 51r-v, 49r-50v (s. xiii2, itali): pramanit samooh HTTP:// digi.yuu. bii.yuni-headleberg.dii/diglit/baav _ paal _ latt _ 1304.
sthanik bhashetil hastalikhite
french
frain1eh cambridge, triiniity college, ms o.1.20 (1044), ff. 21 aar. bii.-23 aar. bii. (ess. xiii2, ingland): leesa secress dii faymes, aavrutti. shikar 2011 madhye (varr uddhrut), HTTP:// sites.trin.cam.aii. see.yooke/hastalikhite/oo _ 1 _ 20/hastalikhit.pii. etch. pii.?purn paan = 1 (khalee frain 3 dekhil pahaa)
frain2ayiyah kasel, murhardshey bibliothech dair stad aanee landesbibliothec, 4° ms maid. 1, eff. eff. 16v-20v (see. aii. 1430-75), httph// orka.granthasuchi.yuni-kasel.dii/darshak/pratima/1297331763218/35/
frena3: cambridge, triiniity college, ms o.1.20 (1044), eff. eff. 216r-235v, s. xiii2 (ingland), aavrutti. shikaramadhye, "anglo-norman medicine", II (1997), 76-107, HTTP:// sites.trin.cam.aii. see.yooke/hastalikhite/oo _ 1 _ 20/hastalikhit.pii. etch. pii.?purn paan = 1
ayrish
ir1beeh doublin, triiniity college, ms 1436 (eae. 41.1), peepi. 101-107 aanee 359bii-360bii (oo. xv): HTTPS:// WW.aay. ess. oo.dias.mhanje/tii. see. dii./tii. see. dii. emm. ess. 1436. etch. tii. emm. ell.
italian
itali 2eh london, velakam institute phaur daad histree auph medicine, emm. ess. 532, miseleniya medica II, eff. eff. 64 aar-70 vhee (see. aii. 1465): HTTP:// shodh.uttam granthalay.org/iii/encore/reecord/c _ rb1893400?laang = ing