
chaukashi qaraa

chaukashi hii samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetratil, visheshtah vyaktichya mrutyuche kaaran nishchit karnyasathi aayojit keleli nyayik chaukashi aahe. nyayadhish, punch kinwa sarkari adhikari yanchyadvare aayojit kelelya chaukashisathi mrutyunivarak kinwa vaidyakeey parikshakadvare shavavichedan karanyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate kinwa nasoo shakate. samanyatah, mrutyu achanak kinwa aspasht asatat tevhach chaukashi kelee jaate. mrutyunivarak, nyayadhish, abhiyojak kinwa kahee adhikarkshetranmadhye, janatechya aupcharik vinantivar chaukashi bolavali jaau shakate. yaa prakarchya karyavahit madat karnyasathi mrutyunivarak mandal bolavale jaau shakate. "chaukashi" mhanje asha prakarcha punch aanee asha tapasacha parinam dekhil asoo shakato. sarvasadharan vaparat, 'chaukashi' mhanje konatihi chaukashi kinwa chaukashi assa dekhil arth vaparla jaato.
chaukashit sakshidarancha vapar keela jaato, parantu sanshayitanna swatacha bachav karanyachi parvanagi nasate. udaharanarth, naisargik mrutyu, apghati mrutyu, dussahas, aatmahatya kinwa hatya haah nikal asoo shakato. jarr nikal haah khoon kinwa doshpurn apghat asel tarr faujdari khatala chalavala jaau shakato aanee sanshayit tethe swatacha bachav karoo shakatat.
bahutek european nagri kayada pranalinmadhye nyaypithancha vapar keela jaat naslyamule, tyanchyakade chaukashisarakhi konatihi (nyaypeeth) prakriya nahee, parantu vaidyakeey purave aanee vyavsayik sakshidarancha vapar shatkanushatke khandiy europemadhil nyayalayat keela jaat aahe.
aapattichi kinwa kahee adhikarkshetranmadhye (ingland aanee wells nahee) bhrashtacharachya prakarananchi mothee chaukashi kelee jaau shakate.
itihas.
chaukashi, kharey tarr eka goshticha nipatara karnyache sadhan mhanoon, dahavya shatkachya akheris scandinavia aanee carolingian samrajyat vikasit jhaali. norman vijayanantar englandmadhil gumbad pustakachi sarvekshan mahitee gola karanyachi hii paddhat hotee. gaul sanskratichya tyachya vruttat ("commentary dii bello galico" vi.19.3), julius seasurene yaa prakriyecha agadi suruvatichya vaparacha ullekh keela aaheh "jarr ekhadya mrutyubaddal sanshay aala tarr teey gulamansathi vaparlya jaanarya paddhatinusar patnimbaddal chaukashi (eka" quastio ") karatat aanee jarr aparadhipana siddha jhaala tarr teey chhalalya gelelya patninna agni aanee serve yatna deuun thaar maratat."
pradeshanusar.
united kingdam.
ingland aanee wells.
ingland aanee velsmadhye, serve chaukashi ekada jyuridware kelya jaat asat. ekhadya vyaktila mrutyuchya sandarbhat khatala chalvayala bandhil kele pahije qee nahee heey tharvanyasathi tyanni kahee pramanat grand jyurisarkhe kaam kele. asha panchmandalat tevis purushancha samavesh hota aanee nirnay ghenyasathi baaraa matanchi aavashyakta hotee. grand jyuripramanech, mrutyunidankartyachya jurine keval aarop keela, tyane doshi tharavale nahee.
1927 pasoon, englandmadhye mrutyunivarak mandal kvachitach vaparale gele aahe. mrutyunivarak kayada 1988 antargat, mrutyu turungat, polis kothadit kinwa sarvajanik aarogya kinwa surakshitatevar parinam karoo shakananya paristhitit mrutyu jhaala asel asha prakarananmadhyech nyaymandal bolavane aavashyak aahe. mrutyunivarak pratyakshat konatyahi tapasat punch bolavane nivadu shakato, parantu vyavharat heey durmil aahe. mrutyudandachya nyaypithavar basanyachi patrata hii mukut nyayalay, uchch nyayalay aanee county nyayalayatil nyaypithavar basnyaitakich asate.
yavyatirikt, mrutyunidankartyache punch keval mrutyuche kaaran tharavatat, tyacha nirnay ekhadya vyaktila khatala chalvanyasathi vachanbaddha karat nahee. aarop karnyacha adhikar asalelya grand juries 1948 paryant united kingadammadhe radd karnyat aalya hotya (1933 madhye prabhavipane bund kelyanantar), mrutyudandarachya juriesony faujdari kayada 1977 paryant teey adhikar kayam thewale. 1975 madhye laurd lukanvar tyachi mulanchi aaya, sandra revetchya mrutyucha aarop eka mrutyudandarachya jurine kelyanantar haah badal jhaala.
dharmaday chaukashi hii atak kelelya thikanansah vadgrast mrutyunshi sambandhit chaukashi pahate aanee ingland aanee velsmadhil chaukashi aanee mrutyudand pranalimadhye sudharanansathi moheem rabavate.
scotland.
skotlandmadhye konatihi chaukashi kinwa mrutyunivarak naheet, jithe achanak jhalelya anaisargikaritya jhalelya mrutyunchi nond kelee jaate aanee tyaa kshetrasathichya aarthik sanrakshakachya vatine chaukashi kelee jaate. serve achanak, sanshayaspad, apghati, anpekshit aanee aspasht mrutyu aanee gambhir sarvajanik chintes janm denanya paristhitit honanya konatyahi mrutyuchi chaukashi karane heey procurator vittiy sanstheche kartavya aahe. mrutyuchi nond jhalyas, procurator vittiy ahwal mrutyuchya paristhitichi chaukashi karel, mrutyuche kaaran shodhanyacha prayatna karel aanee faujdari karyavahi kinwa pranghatak apghatachi chaukashi yogya aahe qaa yacha vichar karel. aarthikdrushtya procuratorla nondavalelya bahutansh prakarananmadhye, suruvatichya chaukashit sanshayaspad paristhiti nakarli jaate aanee mrutyu naisargik karananmule jhaala heey siddha hote.
mrutyu heey sahasa police, kulasachiv, jee. pii. ess. kinwa rugnalayatil doctoranchya ahavalandware aarthik sanrakshakachya nidarshanas aanale jaatat. tathapi, mrutyuchya paristhitibaddal chinta asalelya konalahi too aarthik procuratorla kalavoo shakato. mrutyuchya kahee vishisht shreni aahet jyanchi chaukashi karane aavashyak aahe, parantu tyachya nidarshanas aanalelya konatyahi mrutyuchi chaukashi aarthik adhikari karoo shakato.
united states.
americet, tapas samanyatah mrutyudandharkadware keela jaato, jeey samanyatah ekhadya county kinwa shaharache adhikari asatat. yaa tapas swatah khatale nasoon tapas aahet. rajyanusar, tyanchi vaishishtye nyayik, ardh-nyayik kinwa gair-nyayik karyavahi mhanoon darshavili jaau shakatat. chaukashi aanee tee aayojit karanyachi aavashyakta hii united statesmadhil vaidhanik kayadyachi baab aahe. mrutyudandachya nyayadhishanna bolavanyachi aanee shapath ghenyachi aavashyakta dekhil kayade niyantrit karoo shakatat. chaukashi hii samanyatah sarvajanik karyavahi asate, jaree aaropila upasthit rahanyacha adhikar nasel. mrutyudand denare sakshidaranna chaukashila upasthit rahnyas aanee saksh denyas bhag padu shakatat aanee kayadyanusar saksh denyas nakar dilyabaddal sakshidarala shiksha karoo shakatat. mrutyunivarak samanyatah panchanchya nishkarshala bandhil nasatat aanee tyancha vyapak vivek asato, jyachya virodhat anek adhikarkshetranmadhye apeal kele jaau shakat nahee. samanya kayadyatil mrutyunivarkane dilelya nirnayacha parinam haah grand jurine kelelya nishkarshachya samatulya hota, tarr kahee kayadyanmadhye asey mhatale aahe qee nikalamule aaropila atkesathi jababdar dharale jaate. samanyatah, chaukashi karnyachya shulkasathi county kinwa shahar jababdar asate, parantu kahee kayadyanmadhye asha kharchanchi vasuli karanyachi tartud aahe. chaukashit sadar kelela purava tyanantarchya diwani karvait vaparla jaau shakato qee nahee heey adhikarkshetravar avalambun asate, jaree samanya kayadyat, chaukashicha nikal mrutyuche kaaran darshavinyasathi swikararh hota. dusarikade, mrutyunidankartyanche ahwal aanee nishkarsh samanyatah swikararh asatat.
march 1882 madhye phrank stillwellchya mrutyumadhye mrutyunivarak jurine waut arp, dock holiday aanee tyanchya sthitila doshi tharavale.