
aantarpariksha

intermarium (,) hii pahilya mahayuddhanantarchi eka bhoo-rajkiy yojana hotee, jee majee polish-lithuania rashtrakul pradeshanna ekach rajvatit ekatra aananyasathi jozef pilsudsky yanni aakhali hotee. hii yojana anek punaravruttinmadhun gelee, jyapaiki kahinni itar shejaril rajyanchya samaveshas apekshit kele. prastavit bahurashtriy rajvatit baltic, kaala aanee adriatic samudranchya darmyan asalele pradesh samavisht kele gele asate, mhanoon yala 'intermarium' ('samudranchya darmyan' sathee lattin) asey naav denyat aale.
sambhavyapane madhya aanee purv europeey deshanche eka sangharajya, pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya antarmajur yojanecha pysodskyne pathpurava keela, jyat prastavit mahasanghat baltic rajye (lithuania, latvia, estonia), finland, bellaroos, ukraine, hangeri, romania, yugoslavia aanee chekoslovakia yaa rajyanchi bharati karnyacha prayatna keela gela. miedizimores' ('miedizi', 'darmyan' aanee 'morz', 'samudra') heey polish naav, jyacha arth 'samudrandarmyan' assa hoto, lattinmadhye 'intermarium' mhanoon anuvadit kele gele.
prastavit mahasangh baltic samudrapasun kalya samudraparyant pasarlelya polish-lithuania rashtrakulache anukaran karnyasathi hota, jyane 16 vya shatkachya akheris 18 vya shatkachya akheris polandache rajya aanee lithuania grand dachila ekatra aanale hote. intermariumne payasudskichya itar bhoo-rajkiy drushtikonas purak kele, promethism, jyache dhyey russian samrajyache vighatan aanee tyaa samrajyache pradeshik adhigrahan vegale karane heey hote.
kahee lithuaniansana tyanchya navyane sthapit jhalelya swatantryasathi dhoka mhanoon aanee kahee ukraineana tyanchya swatantryachya aakankshansathi dhoka mhanoon intermarium samajale gele aanee francene yaa prastavala pathimba deela, tarr soviet union aanee itar bahutek pashchatya shaktinni tyala virodh keela. pilasudskichi bhavya yojana ayashasvi jhalyanantar done dashakanchya aat, finland vagalata (jyala soviet unionberoberchya 1939-40 hiwali yuddhat kahee pradeshik nuksan sosave lagale hote), intermarium federationmadhil sadasyatvasathi umedvar mhanoon tyanni pahilele serve desh soviet union kinwa nazi germanykade gele hote.
purvavarti.
rashtrakul.
turkey kramvari, golden horde aanee moscochya grand duchyne nirman kelelya samanya dhokyanna paraspar pratisad mhanoon eka polish-lithuanian sangharajya aanee lashkari yutee tayar jhaali hotee. hii yutee pratham 1385 madhye krevochya sangharajyane sthapan kelee hotee, jee polandachi ranee jadviga aanee lithuaniacha gediminid rajvanshacha grand duke jogaila, joou polandacha raja vladislav dusra jaagilo banala, yachya vivahane sampann jhaali.
tyanantar 1569 madhye polish-lithuania rashtrakulachya swarupat eka dirghkal tikanare mahasangh aale, hii vyavastha 1795, mhanje.eae., polish-lithuania rashtrakulachya tisya falaniparyant.
polland-lithuaniachi yutee asha prakare ekoon 410 varshe tikali aanee kahee vela europemadhil sarvat mothe rajya mhanoon sthapan jhaali.
rashtrakulantargat, vistarit, polish-lithuanian-"muscovite" kinwa polish-lithuanian-"ruthenian" rashtrakul sthapan karnyasathi prastav pudhe aanale gele. jaree rashtrakulane russiachya kahee bhaganvar tatpurte niyantran thewale aanee shatkanushatke rutheniyatil bahutansh bhagavar rajya kele, taree heey prastav kadhihi ghatanatmak staravar amalat aanale gele naheet.
zartoriskichi yojana.
november aanee janevarichya uthavadarmyan, 1832 teey 1861 yaa kalavadhit, naveen polish-lithuanian rashtrakul punarujjivit karnyachya kalpaneche samarthan prince addam jerzi zartoriski yanni kele hote, jeey parismadhil hottel lambert yethe nirvasit rahile hote.
1792chya polish-russian yuddhat, tyachya tarunyat, jartoriski rashiyaviruddha ladhala hota; polandala paratatana tyala braselsmadhye atak kelee gelee nasati tarr tyane 1794chya koshiosko uthavamadhye punha asey kele asate. tyanantar, 1795 madhye, tyala aanee tyachya dhakatya bhawala russian sainyat pravesh karnyache aadesh denyat aale hote aanee catherine daad gret tyanchyavar itaki anukulpane prabhavit jhaali hotee qee tine tyanchya japt kelelya malmattecha kahee bhag tyanna parat deela hota. tyanantar edam zartoriskine russian samrat paul aanee alekzandar pahila yanchi mutsaddi aanee pararashtra mantri mhanoon seva kelee aanee napolean yuddhandarmyan frenchvirodhi yutee sthapan kelee. november 1830 chya polandachya uthavatil netyanpaiki eka asalelya zartoriskila russiane dadpalyanantar fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee hotee, parantu akheris tyala francemadhye haddapar honyachi parvanagi denyat aalee.
parismadhye, rashiyacha samrat alekzandar pahila yacha 'durdarshi' rajkarani aanee majee mitra, vishvasoo aanee 'vastavik' pararashtra mantri, tyane astitvat nasalelya polandacha 'mukut naan ghatalela raja aanee aparichit pararashtra mantri' mhanoon kaam kele.
1827 madhye purn jhalelya, parantu 1830 madhyech prakashit jhalelya 'esai suur laa mutsaddegiri' (mutsaddegirivaril nibandh) yaa tyanchya pustakat, zartoriskine asey nirikshan nondavale aahe qee, 'dakshin aanee paschimela aapala prabhav vadhavalyanantar aanee purv aanee uttarekadun pohochata naan yenanya goshtinchya swarupamule, russia europesathi satat dhokyacha srot banato."tyane assa yuktivad keela qee russiane gulamanpeksha mitranchi lagwad karane adhik changle kele asate. tyane prushiyakadun bhavishyatil dhoka dekhil olakhala aanee purv prusiyacha punarutthit polandmadhye samavesh karnyache aavahan kele.
zartoriskichya rajnaitik prayatnanmule polandachya swatantryasathichya prayatnanna europemadhil itar adheen rashtranchya ashach halchalinshi jodanyasathi, agadi purvekade coccus parvatanparyant, visheshtah georgiachya samaan halchalinshi jodanyasathi pysudskychya promethist prakalpacha andaj vartavala gela.
sarvat mahattvache mhanje, french, british aanee turkeechya pathimbyane, zartoriskine check, slovak, hungarian, roman aanee bhavishyatil yugoslaviatil serve dakshin slavansah sanyukt eka prakarche 'panne-slavic' polish-lithuanian rashtrakul punha sthapan karanyachi ichcha vyakt kelee. polland, tyachya sankalpanet, hangeri aanee gulamanmadhil aanee hangeri aanee romaniyamadhil sangharshanmadhye madhyasthi karoo shakala asata. hii yojana aay. dii. 1 madheel rashtriy krantichya kalat sadhya karnyayogya vatat hotee, parantu pashchimatya pathimbyacha abhav, check, slovak aanee roman lokanprati hangerichya adkhalanyamule aanee german rashtravadachya udayamule tee sthapan jhaali.
marian kamil ziwanowski lihitat qee, "rajkumarancha prayatna haah 16vya shatkatil juggylon [sangharajya namuna] aanee jozef pilasudskicha sangharajya-prachar karyakram [joou pahilya mahayuddhanantar honar hota] yanchyatil [mahattvapoorn] duva aahe."
paysudskiche 'myzimorz'.
russian samrajya aanee nantar soviet unionche tyachya vanshik ghatakanmadhye vighatan karnyasathi kaam karat asatana, polish-lithuania rashtrakulachya adyayavat, lokshahi swarupache punarutthan karane heey jozaf pilsudskiche dhoranatmak dhyey hote. (dusra tyancha promethist prakalp hota.) payasudskine russian aanee german samrajyavadachya pratikar mhanoon aantarmariyam mahasanghakade pahile.
dzivanovskichya matey, hii yojana kadhihi paddhatshir paddhatine vyakt kelee gelee nahee, tarr tyaeivaji tee pyludskichya vyavharik antahpreranevar avalambun hotee. british vidwan george sanford yanchya matey, 1920 chya polish-soviet yuddhachya kalat pilasudskine hii yojana vyavharya nasalyache manya kele.
virodh.
payasudskichya yojanela jawaljawal serve bajunni virodhala samore jaave lagale. jyachya prabhav kshetrala thet dhoka hota, asha soviet sanghane aantarmarjanacha ajenda hanoon padanyache kaam kele. mitra rashtranni asey gruheet dharale qee bolshevism haah keval eka tatpurata dhoka aahe aanee tyanna tyancha mahattvacha (sattechya santulanachya drushtikonatun) paramparik mitra russia kamkuvat pahayacha nahee. tyanni pilasudskine tyanchya pandhya mitranna madat karnyas nakar dilyane santap vyakt keela, pilasudskikade sanshayane pahile, tyachya yojana avastav manalya aanee polandala swatahla spasht polandachya vanshikatechya kshetranpurate maryadit thevanyache aavahan kele. 1918 madhye swatantrya punha prasthapit karnare lithuanian, sameel honyas tayar navhate; tyachpramane swatantrya midvu ichchinanya ukrainean lokanna polland punha tyanna parabhoot karoo shakel ashee bheeti hotee; aanee belarussiananna swatantryat kinwa pilasudskichya sangharajyachya prastavanmadhye rus navhata. pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya yuddhanchya malikemule aanee polland aanee tyachya shejari deshanmadhil vadgrast pradeshanmadhil seema sangharshanmule-polland-soviet yuddh, polland-lithuania yuddh, polland-ukrainean yuddh aanee polland aanee chekoslovakia yanchyatil seema sangharshanmule pilasudskichya yojanechya shakyata vadhalya naheet.
polandmadhyech pisudskichya sankalpanela virodh karnyat aala, jithe rashtriy lokshahi nete roman dmovsky yanni vanshikdrushtya eksandh polandsathi yuktivad keela, jyamadhye alpasankhyakanche polanikaran kele jaeel. dmovskys anek polandachya rajkarnyanni bahujatiy mahasanghachya kalpanela virodh keela aanee tyaeivaji eksandh polandachya rashtra-rajyasathi kaam karnyas pradhanya dile. sanfordne 1926 madhye satta punha suru jhalyanantar payasudskichya dhorananche varnan kele aahe, jyat deshachya purvekadil slavic alpasankhyakanchya polonizationvar aanee sattechya kendrikaranavar laksh kendrit kele aahe.
kahee vidwan pilsudskyne tyachya sangharajyiy yojnesathi dawa kelelya lokshahi tattvanna agadi yogya moolya dett aahet, tarr itar lock asha davyankade sanshayane pahatat, 1926 madhye jevha pilsudskyne jawaljawal hukumshahi satta sweekarli tevha jhalelya uthavakade laksh vedhoon ghetat. visheshtah, bahutek ukrainean itihaskar tyachya prakalpakade pratikoolpane pahatat, olexander darhachov assa yuktivad karatat qee mahasanghane eka mothe polland tayar kele asate jyamadhye pole nasalelya, visheshtah ukrainechya hitsambandhanna alpaviram midala asata.
kahee itihaskaranche asey mutt aahe qee, "swatantra ukrainshivay swatantra polland asoo shakat nahee" assa yuktivad karananya pilsudskila ukrainechya kalyanachi hummy denyapeksha rashiyapasoon ukraineche vibhajan karnyat adhik rus hota. polandachya seema galicia aanee voliniyaparyant vistaranyasathi lashkari balacha vapar karnyas tyane sankoch keela nahee, bugg nadichya purvekadil vadgrast pradeshanmadhye swanirnayasathi ukrainecha prayatna chiradoon takala, jyat lakshaniy polandachi upasthiti hotee (pramukhyane lvovsarkhya shaharanmadhye polandache bahusankhya, grameen ukrainean bahusankhyanni vedhalele).
polandachya bhavishyatil simambaddal bolatana, pilsudsky mhanaleh "paschimela aaplyala jeey kahee miloo shakate teey serve germanyla kitee daboon thevayache aahe yavar avalambun aahe", tarr purvekade "darvaje ughadatat aanee bund hotat aanee teey kona tyanna ughadanyas bhag padate aanee kitee door neto yavar avalambun asate". purvekadil arajaktet, polish sainyane shakya titka vistar karnyasathi tayari darshavali. dusarikade, polandala russian gruhyuddhat pashchimatya hastakshepat sameel honyat kinwa russia swatah jinkanyat rus navhata.
apayash.
polish-soviet yuddhanantar (1919-1921) aanee ukrainean ssrchi sthapana jhalyanantar, polish-ukrainean akshavar aadharit madhya aanee purv european deshanchya mahasanghachi payasudskichi sankalpana sakar honyachi konatihi sandhee gamavali.
tyanantar pilasudskine baltic aanee balkan rajyanshi mahasangh kinwa yutee karnyacha vichar keela. yaa yojnemadhye polland, chekoslovakia, hangeri, scandinavia, baltic rajye, itali, romania, bulgaria, yugoslavia aanee greece yasah madhya european sangharajyachi kalpana kelee gelee-asha prakare baltikpasoon kalya samudraparyant keval paschim-purv nahee tarr arctic mahasagarapasun bhoomadhya samudraparyant uttar-dakshinparyant vistarle gele. haah prakalp dekhil ayashasvi jhalah polandacha chekoslovakia aanee lithuaniavar avishvas hota; aanee itar deshanshi tyache tulanene changle sambandh asale taree, tyanchya shejayanshi tanav hota, jyamule madhya europemadhye deshancha eka motha gut tayar karane jawaljawal ashakya jhaale, jyanche ekmekanshi changle sambandh hote. shevati, eka mothya mahasanghachya jaagi, 1921 pasoon keval eka polish-romanian yutee sthapan jhaali. tyaa tulanet, chekoslovakiala francechya pathimbyane romania aanee yugoslaviabarobarchya tyachya chhotyasha praveshasah (1920-1938) adhik yash midale. 
pyludsky 1935 madhye maran pavala. nantar, tyachya sankalpanechi khoopach qamee aavrutti aantaryuddh polandache pararashtra mantri jozaf beeck yanni, eka pyludsky protej yanni karnyacha prayatna keela. 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, polland, romania aanee hangerichya yuticha 'tisra europe' haah tyancha prastav dusya mahayuddhachya adhipatyapurvi farsa gajala nahee. bekchi tisari europe sankalpana konatihi bharr ghalanyat ayashasvi tharali kaaran germany hii jagatil dusari sarvat mothee arthvyavastha hotee aanee sampoorn purv europewer aarthikdrushtya "reach" chey varchasva hote. aarthik karananmule, purv europemadhye warsoiveji berlinchya netrutvakhali chalanyachi pravrutti hotee. 
1932chya polish-soviet gair-aakraman kararakade durlaksh karoon, soviet unionne madhya aanee purv europemadhye vibhagani karnyasathi nazi germanyshi yutee kelee. kahee itihaskaranchya matey, pilsudskyne prastavit kelyapramane germany aanee soviet unionla eka majboot pratikar nirman karnyat apayash aalyane intermariumchya sambhavya sadasya deshanna dusya mahayuddhat tyanchya bhavitavyacha fatka basala.
dusare mahayuddha aanee tevhapasoon.
baltic, black aanee adriatic kinwa aegean samudranmadhye langur asaleli trikoni bhoo-rajkiy astitva asaleli 'madhya [aanee purv] european union' hii sankalpana dusya mahayuddhadarmyan vladislav sikorskichya nirvasit polandachya sarkarmadhye punarujjivit karnyat aalee. tyachya amalbajavanichya dishene pahile paul-1942 madhye nirvasit greek, yugoslav, polish aanee chekoslovak sarkaranmadhil sambhavya greek-yugoslav aanee polish-chekoslovak mahasanghanvishayi charcha-shevati soviet virodhavar aadharit jhaali, jyamule chezek sankoch aanee mitrapakshanchi udasinata kinwa shatrutva nirman jhaale. tyaa kalat polandachya bhoomigat rajyane kelelya ghoshanenusar konatyahi eka rajyane namnirdeshit naan kelelya madhya aanee purv european federal unionchi nirmiti karanyachi magani kelee gelee.
12 meey 2011 roji, visegrad gut deshanni (polland, check prajasattak, slovakia aanee hangeri) polandachya netrutvakhali visegrad yuddh gut sthapan karanyachi ghoshana kelee. natochya kamandacha bhag naan hota, tarr 2016 paryant haah ladhau gut eka swatantra dall mhanoon astitvat hota. yavyatirikt, 2013 pasoon, nato pratisad dalachya tatvavadhanakhali charahi desh sanyukt lashkari sarav suru karnar hote. kahee vidvananni heey madhya europeey pradeshik sahkaryachya dishene pahile paul mhanoon pahile.
6 august 2015 roji, polandache adhyaksh andrez duda yanni tyanchya udghatanpar bhashanat, madhya europeey rajyanchi pradeshik yutee tayar karnyachya yojana jaheer kelya, jyaa aantarmariyam sankalpanevar aadharit aahet. 2016 madhye three sease upkramane croatiatil dubrovnic yethe prarambhik shikhar parishad ghetali. teen samudranchya upkramat baltic samudrapasun adriatic samudra aanee kalya samudraparyant uttar-dakshin akshavar 12 sadasya desh aaheth estonia, latvia, lithuania, polland, check prajasattak, slovakia, austriya, hangeri, slovenia, croatia, romania, bulgaria.