
artichoke

globe artikhok ("sinara cardenculus" vaar. "scholimus"), jyala yuu. madhye french artikhok aanee green artikhok yaa navanni dekhil olakhale jaate.ess., hii khadya mhanoon lagwad kelelya thisalchya prajatinchi eka vividhata aahe.
fulanchya fulanchya aadhi vanaspatichya khanyayogya bhagat fulanchya kalya asatat. ugavatya artikhok fulanche doke heey anek ugavatya lahan fulancha (eka fulancha) samooh aahe, jyat anek bracts aahet, jeey khadya aadharavar aahet. ekada kalya fulalya qee, rachana khadbadit, kvachitach khanyayogya swarupat badalate. tyach prajaticha aanakhi eka prakar mhanje cardoon, hii bhoomadhya pradeshatil moolchi barmahi vanaspati aahe. vanya prakar aanee lagvadikhalil jaatee (sanvardhit jaatee) donhi astitvat aahet.
varnan.
hii bhaji unchaparyant vadhate, kamandar, khol lobes asaleli, chandichi, chamakdar-hiravya rangachi paaney lamb asatat. anek trikoni scale asalelya sumare vyasachya khadya kalitoon phule mothya dokyavar vikasit hotat; vaiyaktik phule jambhalya rangachi asatat. kalinchya khanyayogya bhaganmadhye pramukhyane anaichhik pattyanche mansal khalche bhag aanee tall asato, jyala 'hriday' mhanatat; kalinchya madhyabhagi asalelya aparipakv fulanchya vastumanala 'chok' kinwa 'dadhi' mhanatat. junya, mothya fulanmadhye heey naan khanyayogya asatat.
rasayanik ghatak.
aartikhokmadhye epigenine aanee lutolin heey jaiv sakriy ghatak asatat.
fulanchya fulanchya mulashi asalelya artichokchi ekoon antioxidant kshamata hii bhajyansathi sarvadhik nondavalelya kshamatepaiki eka aahe. sinara' madheel 'cinarine' haah eka rasayanik ghatak aahe. jaree valaleli paaney aanee kelyachya dethanmadhyehi tee asali taree, kelyamadhye aadhalanare bahutek scienarine heey pananchya palpmadhye asate.
vyutpatti.
artichok' haah ingraji shabd solavya shatkat uttar italian shabdavarun (manak aadhunik italian astitva) ghetala gela hota. italian shabd swatach ektar spanish (aaj sahasa) kinwa thet spanish shabdachya strotakadun-madhyayugeen andalusi arabi (arabi nishchit lekhasah) pasoon udhar ghetala gela hota. arabi swaroop aajahi arabimadhye vaparale jaate, tarr arabimadhil itar prakaranmadhye aadhunik manak arabicha samavesh aahe. heey arabi swaroop swatach bahuvachan () mhanje "scale" chya shastriy arabi () ekvachan shabdavarun tayar jhaale aahet. arabi bhashetoon aartikhoksathi shabd vyutpann jhalelya itar bhashanmadhye israyali hibrucha samavesh aahe, jyamadhye () haah shabd aahe. mool ibri naav (pahaa), jeey arab vijayapurviche aahe, teey mishnamadhye aadhalate.
arabi bhashekadun udhar ghetale asale taree, aartichoksathichya european sandnyanni arabi bhashevar tyanchya swatachya adhikarane prabhav padala aahe. udaharanarth, aartichoksathi aadhunik levantine arabi sandnya () aahe. yacha shabdasha arth 'maticha kateri' assa hoto aanee haah ingraji shabd 'artichok' kinwa tyasarkhya itar european sandnyanche arabikaran (dhwani-shabdarth julanidware) aahe.
levantine arabichya babatit, lock vyutpatti aanee dhwani-shabdarth julanimule artichokchi nave varanvar badalat aalee aahet. italian swaroop italian ('kamaan-, pramukh') aanee ('stump') shhee susangat mhanoon sweekarle gele aahe asey disate. french shabdache prakar (jeey arabimadhun, bahudha spanishmadhun dekhil aale aahet) varshanuvarshe samavisht kele gele aahet ('ubdar' aanee ('unchi' shhee sambandhit). ingrajimadhye aadhalanaya prakaranmadhye 'haart' aanee 'chok' shhee sambandhit 'hartichoek' samavisht aahe, jeey bahudha yaa vishvasashi sambandhit hote qee bhajipala khanaryancha shwas naan gheta kendra usalee gheu shakate kinwa vanaspati bagevar taba midvu shakate, itar vanaspati damoon jaau shakatat.
vaparacha prarambhik itihas.
artikhok haah jangali cardooncha ("sinara cardenculus") paliv prakar aahe, joou moolcha bhoomadhyasagariy bhagacha aahe. pracheen greek aanee roman lokanmadhye artikhok heey ann hote qee nahee, kinwa tee sanvardhit vanaspati nantar vikasit karnyat aalee qee nahee, yavar vadavivad hota, shastriy strotanmadhye tyaeivaji jangali cardooncha sandarbh deela gela hota. isavi sunpoorv aathvya shatkat hommer aanee hesiod yanni velchicha bagetil vanaspati mhanoon ullekh keela aahe. pliny daad elderne carthage aanee cordobamadhye 'carduous' vadhanyacha ullekh keela. uttar aafriket, jithe too ajunahi jangali rajyat aadhalato, tethe bahudha lagwad kelelya artichoxchi biyane egyptmadhil roman-kalatil mons claudianuschya utkhananadarmyan sapadali. 
pracheen greekanchya shastriy kalatil suruvatipasun, greek tyanna "cactos" mhanat, silimadhye artichoxchya jaatinchi lagwad kelee jaat asey. tyaa kalat, greek lock paaney aanee fulanche doke khaat asat, jyachi lagwad jangali rupapeksha aadhich sudharali hotee. roman lock yaa bhajila 'cardus' (mhanoon 'cardoon' heey naav) mhanat asat. jaree purave keval anumanatmak asale taree madhyayugeen kalat muslim spain aanee magharebmadhye lagvadichya swarupat aanakhi sudharana jhalyache disate. baravya shatkaparyant, sevhilmadhil ibn all-'avam yanni lihilelya shetichya sammishra margdarshakamadhye (jaree shetivaril purvichya pramukh andalucian arabi granthanmadhye teey disat nasale taree) aanee germanymadhye hildegard wonn bingen yanni tyacha ullekh keela hota.
leey roy ladurine, tyachya 'leesa piesons daad langudock' yaa pustakat, pandharavya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee solavya shatkachya suruvatila itali aanee dakshin francemadhye artichok lagvadicha prasar nondavala aahe, jevha artichok heey naveen navasah naveen aagman mhanoon disu lagale, jeey sudharit lagvaditil jaatiche aagman darshavinyasathi ghetale jaau shakateh
dachanni englandmadhye artichoxchi suruvat kelee, jithe teey 1530 madhye newhall yetheel heinry VIII chya baget vadhale. 17 vya shatkachya madhyapasoon artichox european darbarat 'prachalit' hote. leey cookiesonier francois (1651) chey lekhak francois piyare laa warren yanchyasarkhya lekhakanni nondavalyapramane naveen darbaratil pakakala madhye antahkarananna vilasi ghatak manale jaat hote. yaa kalat, kelyamadhye kamottejak gunadharm asalyacha dekhil dawa keela jaat asey. ekonisavya shatkat tyanna americet-french sthalantaritanni louisianala aanee spanish sthalantaritanni californiala nele.
krishi utpadan.
jaagtik aartikhokchi lagwad america aanee bhoomadhya khonyachya simevaril deshanmadhye kendrit aahe. itali, spain aanee france heey mukhya european utpadak aahet aanee argentine, peru aanee united states heey mukhya american utpadak aahet. americet, california jawaljawal yuu. ess. chaa 100% pradan karate.ess. peak, tyapaiki sumare 80 takke monterry countymadhye ghetale jaate; tethe, castroville swatahla 'jagatil artichok kendra' mhanoon ghoshit karate aanee varshik castroville artichok mahotsav aayojit karate. agadi alikade, dakshin aafriket wall nadichya kathavar asalelya parris navachya eka chhotya shaharat kelyachi lagwad kelee gelee aahe.
2020 madhye, jagane andaje 15 laakh tunn kelyanche utpadan kele.
kelyache beej biyanyanpasun kinwa vibhagani, mulanchi kapani kinwa sukshmaprasaran yasarkhya vanaspatijanya madhyamanmadhun tayar kele jaau shakate. tantrikdrushtya jaree barmahi vanaspati samanyatah keval dusya aanee tyanantarchya varshant khadya fulanchi nirmiti karatat, taree kandechya kahee jaatee biyanyanpasun varshik mhanoon vadhavalya jaau shakatat, pahilya vadhichya hangamachya shevati maryadit peak ghetale jaate, agadi jyaa pradeshat vanaspati samanyatah hiwala-kathor nasatat. yacha arth uttarekadil bhagatil gharguti maalee vishesh upchar kinwa sanrakshanasah jaast hivalyatil vanaspatinchi garaj naan padata peak ghenyacha prayatna karoo shakatat. asha upayayojananshivay pahilya varshi biyane lagwad 'imperial starr' utpadan karnyasathi prajnan kele gele aahe. northern starr' hii aanakhi eka naveen sanvardhit vanaspati adhik uttarekadil havamanat jaast hiwala ghalavu shakate aanee shoonyapeksha qamee tapmanat sahajpane tikoon rahate asey mhatale jaate.
vyavsayik sanskruti hii yu. ess. dii. aii. chya 7vya aanee tyahoon adhikchya kathoratechya kshetratil ubdar bhagapurati maryadit aahe. tyasathi changli maatee, niyamit paanee aanee poshan aanee hivalyat danvache sanrakshn aavashyak aahe. pratyek varshi mulanche shoshak rovale jaau shakatat, tyamule kahee varshannantar paripakv namunyanchi vilhewat lavali jaau shakate, kaaran pratyek vanaspati fakt kahee varshe jagate. kelyachya kapanisathicha sarvant motha hangam vasant rutoo asato, parantu unhalyachya madhyat aanakhi eka sarvoch kalavadhisah, unhalabhar tyanchi kapani suru rahoo shakate. kapani kelyavar, eka kinwa done inch khod rahoo shakel mhanoon teey zadatun kapale jaatat. samanya kirkol paristhitit done aathvade kinwa tyahoon adhik kaal barechase taje rahilele, kelyamadhye rakhanyache changle guna asatat.
pakkalechya upayoganvyatirikt, globe artichok hii tyachya chamakdar fulanchya pradarshanasathi dekhil eka aakarshak vanaspati aahe, jee kadhikadhi tichya thalak parnasamuhasathi aanee mothya, jambhalya fulanchya dokyansathi vanaushadhichya kinari vadhavali jaate.
vapar.
poshan.
shijavalelya khaar nasalelya kelyamadhye 82 takke paanee, 12 takke karbodke, 3 takke prathine aanee 3 takke charbi (table) asate. 100 gramm sandarbhamadhye, shijavalele artikhok 74 ushmank puravate, folletcha eka samruddha srot (dainandin mulyachya 20 takke kinwa tyahoon adhik, dii. vhee.) aahe aanee jivansatva keey (16 takke dii. vhee.), magneshiyam, soodiyam aanee phosphorus (10-12% dii. vhee.) chaa madhyam srot (10-19% dii. vhee.) aahe.
ann mhanoon.
mothya golakar artichox heey bahutekda khod vagalata serve kadhoon tayar kele jaatat. khanyat adthala aananare kaat kadhoon taknyasathi, pratyek scalecha sumare eka chaturthansh bhag kapla jaau shakato. shijavanyasathi, bhuimug 15 teey 30 minite ukaloon kinwa 30-40 minite (lahanansathi qamee) vafavoon ghetala jaato. shijavalelya, bekharit artichokachi chav najuk asate.
kande ukalat asalyas panyat meeth misalale jaau shakate. jhakalele artichox, visheshtah jeey kapale gele aahet, teey enzymatic browning aanee chlorophyll oxidationmule tapkiri houu shakatat. tyanna vinegar kinwa limbachya rasane kinchit aamleey kelelya panyat thevalyane rung badalane talhata yete.
paaney anekada eka velee eka kadhoon takali jaatat aanee mansal talashi vinaigret, hollandise, vinegar, lonee, mayonnase, ioli, limbacha rus kinwa itar chutney khalle jaatat. pratyek panatil tantumay varchya bhagacha sahasa tyag keela jaato. jevha akhadya galap payapasoon soloon fekoon dile jaate tevha hriday khalle jaate. galyala jhakanari patal paaney dekhil khanyayogya asatat.
italimadhye, telatil artichok harts hii 'chaar hangam' pizzachya 'vasant' vibhagasathi nehmichi bhaji aahe (unhalyasathi olive, sharad rutusathi mashroom aanee hivalyasathi proceuto sobat). rommadhye prasiddha asaleli eka pakakruti mhanje jyoo shailitil artichox, jeey sampoorn talalele asatat. kandeche mauu bhag dekhil kachche khalle jaatat, eka velee eka paan vinegar aanee olive telat budavale jaate kinwa bareek chirun limbu aanee olive telane paridhan kele jaate.
anek bharalelya artichoxchya pakakruti aahet. samanya italian bharnyat breadche tukade, lasoon, oregano, ajmoda, turatavalele cheej aanee proceuto kinwa sossageche mishran vaparale jaate. mishran ukalanyapurvi kinwa vafavanyapurvi pratyek pananchya payathyashi aanee madhyabhagi asalelya jaganmadhye thodese mishran dhakalale jaate.
spainmadhye, lahan, lahan aanee adhik komal artihoke vaparale jaatat. teey olive telane shimpadale jaau shakatat aanee barbekyumadhye garam rakhat thewale jaau shakatat, olive telat lasanisah talale jaau shakatat, bhatala pella mhanoon kinwa talale jaau shakatat aanee tortilamadhye (fritata) andyansah misalale jaau shakatat.
bahutek vela greek "angineres alah polita" ("artichox ciity-style", constantinople shaharacha sandarbh dete), haah artichox harts, batate aanee gajaranni banavalela aanee kande, limbu aanee suvadanane chavdar eka hrudayasparshi, swadisht stew aahe. tino bett kinwa peloponismadhil irea aanee kantia hii gave ajunahi tyanche sthanik utpadan khoop mothya pramanat sajare karatat, jyat 'artichok day' kinwa artichok festivalacha samavesh aahe.
fulkobi vaparnyacha aanakhi eka marg mhanje serve paaney purnapane todane, ughadya antahkaranat sodoon dene. konatyahi prakarchya side dish kinwa chavdar budnyasathi aadhar mhanoon vaparlya jaananya pratyek panatil mansal payacha bhag mauu karnyasathi paaney vafavoon ghetali jaatat kinwa mansal bhag hridayala jodalela rahato, tarr pananche varche bhag fekale jaatat. urvarit avtal aakarache hriday anekada mansane bharale jaate, nantar talalele kinwa chavdar chatnimadhye bhajalele asate. dababand kinwa gothavaleli artikhok hrudaye haah vel vachavnara paryay aahe, jaree upalabdh asatana tajya hrudayachi susangatata aanee majboot chav yanna anekada pradhanya dile jaate. californiachya kinarpattichya bhagat talalele talalele artikhok harts khalle jaatat.
sampoorn uttar africa, madhya purv, turkey aanee armeniya, ground lamb heey bharalelya artihoke hartsathi eka aavadate bharane aahe. masale pratyek deshatil sthanik pakakruti pratibimbit karatat. udaharanarth, lebnonmadhye, vishisht bharnyat kokra, kande, tomato, pinnets, manuka, ajmoda, budyshape, pudina, kalee miirii aanee alaspaisa yancha samavesh asato. lokpriy turkey shakahari prakarat fakt kande, gajar, hirave vatane aanee meeth vaparale jaate. artichox bahutekda pandhya chutney kinwa itar prakarchya chutneys tayar kele jaatat.
pey mhanoon.
herble chaha.
kelyache daane heey vanaushadhiyukt chahamadhye dekhil banavale jaau shakatat. visheshtah vhietnami lokanmadhye tyachya aushadhi gunadharmansathi heey mishran vaparale jaate; vhietanamchya daa laat pradeshat vyavsayik utpadan mhanoon "artichok chaha" tayar keela jaato. see dii anghinare' navacha eka artikhok-aadharit vanaushadhiyukt chaha romaniyamadhye tayar keela jaato. fulancha bhag panyat takala jaato aanee mexicomadhye vanaushadhiyukt chaha mhanoon vaparla jaato. tyachi chav thodi kadoo, lakudyukt asate.
apperitif.
campery gatadware utpadit, aayatinusar 16.5% alcoholes, artichok haah italian apperitif sainarcha prathamik vanaspatishastriy ghatak aahe. heey barfavar apperitif mhanoon kinwa santryachya rasat misalalele cocktell mhanoon dile jaau shakate, jeey visheshtah switzerlandmadhye lokpriy aahe. camparisathi sinerchya jaagi, 'siin sine', hii nigroni cocktelchi thodishi qamee-katu aavrutti tayar karnyasathi dekhil yacha vapar keela jaato.
rog.
artichoxvar 'verticillium dahlia' aanee 'rhizoctonia solani' yasah burshijanya rogjankancha parinam hoto.
itar peak-burshi rogpranalimadhye matiche saurkaran yashasvi jhaale aahe aanee 'v' chya dadpanasathi tyache moolyankan kele jaate. dahlia aanee aar. solani'-gerero aanee itar. 2019.
genome.
globe artikhok genomechi kramvari lavali gelee aahe. genome asemblimadhye 1,084 embi genomepaiki 725 samavisht aahet aanee sumare 27,000 janukansathi anukram code aahet. genome sanrachanechi samaj hii globe aartikhokchi vaishishtye samajoon ghenyachya drushtine eka mahattvachi payari aahe, jee sambandhit prajatinmadhil aarthikdrushtya mahatvachi januke olakhanyas madat karoo shakate.