
vafechi bus

vafechi bus hii vafechya injindware chalavali jaanari bus aahe. pravasi vahoon nenyasathi tayar keleli suruvatichi vafevar chalanari vahane samanyatah vafechya gadya mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee, jaree hii sandnya kadhikadhi itar suruvatichya prayogik vahananche varnan karnyasathi dekhil vaparali jaat asey.
itihas.
1830-1895.
1830 chya dashakat englandmadhye surr goldsworty gurney yanchya sahakanyanni aanee itarambarobarach walter hancock yanni vafevar chalana basesdware niyamit aantarnagar bus sevancha aarambh keela, jeey ghodyanchya vahatukisathi khoop dhokadayak asalelya rastyanchya paristhitivar vishvasarh seva chalvat hote. vafechya gadya ulatanyachi shakyata khoopach qamee hotee aanee kadhikadhi ghodyanpramane grahakansah paloon jaat nasey. teey ghodyane odhalelya gadyanpeksha (sarasari jaast aanee jaast lamb antar) adhik vegane pravas karat asat. teey ghodyane khechalya jaananya gadyanchya kimmatichya ardhya teey eka trutiyansh kimmatila dhavu shakat hote. tyanche break ghodyane odhalya jaananya vahatukipramane bund aanee odhale jaat navhate (eka ashee ghatana jyamule rastyanche nuksan vadhale). abhiyantyanchya matey, vafechya dabyanmule rastyachya prushthbhagache eka trutiyansh nuksan jhaale aahe, jeey ghodyanchya payanchya krutimule jhaale aahe. kharey tarr, vafechya dabyanchya rund tyremule (changlya karshanasathi tayar kelelya) rastyanche aksharshah konatehi nuksan jhaale nahee, tarr ghodyane odhalelya dabyanchya arund chake (ghodyansathi aavashyak asalele prayatna qamee karnyasathi tayar kelelya) khadtartes karanibhoot tharatat.
tathapi, turnpike kayadyanni ladalelya mothya rastyavaril tolmule vafechya rastyavaril vahananna nirutsahit kele aanee ghodyanchya bus companyansathi marg mokala jhaala aanee 1861 pasoon, kathor kayadyane 30 varshansathi brittonchya rastyanvarun yantrikaritya chalanari vahane aksharshah kadhoon takali, locomotive kayada 1861 neey shahare aanee shaharanmadhil aanee deshatil "road locomotives" varr nirbandhatmak veg maryada ladalya.
locomotive kayada 1865 (prasiddha 'laal zenda kayada') neey deshatil aanee fakt shahare aanee shaharanmadhye gatee maryada aanakhi qamee kelee, yavyatirikt pratyek vahanachya aadhi laal zenda asalelya vyaktila aavashyak hote. tyach velee, yaa kayadyane sthanik adhikanyanna ashee konatihi vahan konatya kalavadhit raste vaparu shakate heey nirdisht karnyacha adhikar deela. keval rastyavaril traum apavad hote, jyanna 1879 pasoon vyapar mandalachya parvanyakhali adhikrut karnyat aale hote.
1881 madhye, abhiyanta johnn inso yanni brittenmadhil birmingham yethe vaparasathi vafechi gaadee bandhali. daha lokanna tashi 12 mail vegane nenyas saksham asalelya inshone, tyaveli lagoo asalelya kayadyamule tyache prayog bund kele.
1896-1923.
1896 madhye laal dhwaj kayada radd karnyat aala aanee ingland aanee samrajyachya aaspaschya vividh thikani prayogik vafechya buses punha chalavalya gelya.
drav indhan abhiyantriki company. (liphu) yaa gayinni 1897 teey 1901 yaa kalat vafechya basgadya bandhalya. 1 julai 1898 pasoon mansfield yethe, 1899 madhye dover aanee deal darmyan, 1898 aanee 1899 madhye midland aanee nairutya junction relvesathi fairford aanee cyrencester yethe liphu basgadya dhavalya.
1899 madhye eae. chee 24 aasananchi (varr 14) bus. gillet andd company (haunslo) laa parwana hota, parantu tee niyamit seva chalvat navhati.
1901 pasoon kumbharkamatil vidyut karshanadvare pattyanchya basgadya chalavalya jaat hotya.
london road qaar companyne 1902 madhye 36 aasananchya (aat 12) kontyachya crofts hammersmith-shaferred busch-auxford circus marg chalavala.
thomas clarksonne molsham works, chamesford yethe vafechya buses tayar kelya aanee 1903 aanee 1905 chya motor shomadhye tyanche pradarshan kele.
1903 teey 1923 paryant torkwekade vafechya buses hotya. meey 1903 madhye chamesford vafechya bus pratyakshikamule 23 julai 1903 roji "torquay andd district motor omnibus company limited" chee nirmiti jhaali. companychya prospectsmadhye mhatale aahe qee, "chamesford motor omnibus vaphene chalavalya jaatat aanee torkechya swarupachya shaharat jyaa mahattvachya aahet tyaa gandh, aavaj aanee kampanapasoon purnapane mukt aahet."3 single deck 14 aasan (12 aat aanee 2 chalkashi) asalelya chamesford vafechya basesachi aurder meey mahinyat denyat aalee hotee, jyaa augustmadhye bandhalya gelya hotya, parantu tyaa salisbury aanee exter darmyanchya chikhalat adakalya aanee 2 novembarparyant chelston sevesathi eka strand suru keela nahee. pahilya aathvadyat 2,828 pravasi hote. janewari 1904 madhye aanakhi 2 vafechya buses aalya aanee 8 easter 1905 paryant karyarat hotya, tyateel shevatchya 3 20 aasanksham hotya. tyanchyakade nalikayukt boilers done-cylinder aadvi injine hotee aanee 150 teey 250psicha karyarat daab hota. tyanni sarasari eka gallen paraphine 3.8 mail chalavale. 1904 chee kimmat prati mail 81⁄2d peksha qamee hotee, jee 0.2d vangananni banaleli hotee.vetan aanee indhan 5 dii. aanee durusti, aasthapana aanee itar shulk 3.3d. bhade 1 dii hote. 4 dii.done marganvar 15 minitanchya varanvartesaha aanee itar marganvar ardhya tasala. companyne aaplya pahilya varshat 71⁄2 takke labhansh jaheer keela. april 1907 madhye 'torkey tramway' ughadanyapurvi serve torkey buses 'harrogate road qaar companyla' vikalya gelya hotya, parantu 'torkey road qaar companyne' garrage tabyat ghetale aanee 6 chamesford, 3 'valley auph langolan' kadoon, 2 eastburn corporationkadoon aanee 1 'gret western railway' kadoon kharedi kelya. 24 december 1908 roji naveen company bund karnyat aalee aanee 1909 madhye 3 buses "bargod motor service companyla" vikalya gelya. 28 march 1911 roji torkey-chelston steam qaar company limitedchi sthapana karnyat aalee aanee august 1911 pasoon 3 naan vikalya gelelya chailmsford aanee 25 aasananchi naveen clarkson prakarchi 4 vaa vafechi bus tabyat ghenyat aalee. 1923 madhye steam buses petrolane badalalya, jevha devon generalne chelston margavar spardha suru kelee.
londonmadhye chamesfordche nasheeb sammishra hote. london general omnibus company' aanee 'london road-qaar company' yanni 'single-deck chamesford' chaa vapar keela hota, parantu mothya nukasanimule 1905 madhye shevatche mage ghenyat aale. tathapi, sudharit boilers duheri deck chamesford 1905 madhye london road-karla aanee 1909 madhye national steam qaar companyla denyat aale. ell. tii. dii. neey londonmadhye double deck chamesford chalavanyasahi suruvat kelee. 1914 paryant 'rashtriy vaphe' madhye 184 hote, parantu yuddhanantar petrolchi jaaga ghetali gelee aanee tyachi shevatchi vafechi bus 18 november 1919 roji londonmadhye dhawali.
chamesfordchya buses itar anek thikanihi pohochalya, parantu tyaa yashasvi jhalya naheet. 1905 saalee cray teey nantwichmadhye duheri deckers hote. london aanee nairutya railway lindhurst aanee milford darmyan chalvat hotee aanee emblesidemadhye 2. bharat heey aanakhi eka gantvyasthan hote. 1905 madhye 'nyu south wells railway' neey chaar (kinwa 6) chamesford chesis aayat kele hote. mrutdeh sidneymadhye bandhale gele hote aanee tyaa shaharachya rastyanvar seva denari vahane thevanyat aalee hotee. tyanchya chamesford karkhanyapasun aanakhi pudhe, 1904 madhye devonport-takapuna sevesathi done aayat karnyat aale, parantu teey ayashasvi tharale aanee 1906 madhye hamiltonla hastantarit karnyat aale. teey kadachit tethehi fayadeshir tharnyat ayashasvi tharale, kaaran 1910 paryant ghode punha prerak shakti hote. 
5 aktoobar 1907 teey 16 aktoobar 1912 yaa kalavadhit 'metropolitan steam omnibus company limited' dware darak-surpolate steam buses chalavalya jaat hotya. 1 julai 1908 roji jevha 'london general' neey tyache mukhya pratispardhi tabyat ghetale tevha tyanchyakade 1066 motor buses hotya, tyapaiki 35 steam bus hotya. eka varshanantar 'london general' neey waf sodali hotee.
1924-sadhya.
1920 chya dashakat raste vahatukisathichya vafechya urjeche thodese punarujjivan jhaale. indhan telachya (jase qee kerosene) kimmati petrolchya kimmatinchya sumare eka trutiyansh asalyane, samkalin petrol-engine vahananchya tulanet indhan vaparasah, teey vaparane kifayatshir hote. yavyatirikt, petrolvar chalana vahananchya tulanet startupchi vel aanee vashpikrut indhanapasoonchya surakshechya samasya sodavanyat aalya hotya, jyamadhye dobalsarkhya vafechya gadyanna thandipasoon suruvat karnyasathi keval 40 sekand lagatat. 1931 madhye dobble newzealandchya thamschya aii. andd. jee. pricene basesasathi vafeche engine tayar karnyasathi sallagar mhanoon niyukt kele hote. chaar 1931 madhye bandhanyat aale hote, parantu qamee dabache kshetra adhik khol jhalyamule aanee aukland bus rastyansathi khoop judd asalyane yojana radd karnyat aalya. tathapi, 1932 chya done ahavalanmadhye bandhkamachya pragatiche varnan kele aahe.
canadian company brooks steam motors auph torrento, auntariyone 1920 chya dashakat steam ciity buses tayar kelya. agadi alikade, 1972 madhye, american shodhak biil learne sann franciscomadhye chachanyansathi vafechi bus sadar kelee.
aadhunik vyavsayik vyavhar.
elizabeth" navachi vafechi bus weston super mearmadhye (moolatah ingraji samudrakinanyavaril shahar vhitbimadhye) chalate.