ringan

ringen hii german bhashetil kustisathichi sandnya aahe.
madhyayugatil uttaradhatil aanee german punarujjivanadarmyanchya aitihasik european marshal artschya german shalechya sandarbhat, 'ringan' mhanje samanyatah nihshastra ladhai, jyat talvarbajicha bhag mhanoon vaparlya jaanarya kusti tantrancha samavesh aahe.
german paramparet paramparet teey teey shatkatil anek master-ringarchya nondi aahet, jeey oat jude sarkhya nihshastra ladhait vishesh aahet.
madhyayugeen aanee suruvatichya punarujjivanachya kustichya granthanmadhye khel aanee ladhau tantra donhi ekatra eka qalaa mhanoon sadar kele aahet. aitihasik strotanpeksha aadhunik vyavsayikanni haah farak adhik varanvar keela aahe, parantu nivadak kahee udaharananmadhye sportive grappling kinwa 'gaseliges ringan' aanee nishthavan nihshastra ladha kinwa 'campfringen' (jethe 'campuff' hii 'yuddh' kinwa 'yuddh' sathee prarambhik aadhunik german sandnya aahe) yaa sandnya vishisht tantranche varnan karnyasathi vaparlya gelya jyaa keval eka paristhitisathi kinwa kinwa paristhitisathi yogya hotya.
ringan spardhesathi madhyayugeen niyamanche varnan karnare konatehi dnyat srot naheet. tathapi, europemadhil anek jiwant lock kusti shaili fekane purn hoiparyant ladhalya jaatat. madhyayugeen kustichya granthanmadhye tapshilvar ground reslingcha abhav yaa siddhantala samarthan deto qee spardha aanee ladha yaa donhimadhye throw haah vistarit ground reslingpeksha adhik mahattvacha hota.
khelatil kustimadhye asey niyam nishchit kele gele hote, jeey dhokadayak tantranna pratibandhit karatat, sahasa pakad pakadane aanee fekane kinwa samarpanane samapt hone, 'campfringen' hii mushtya, sandhe-kuloop, sandhe-kuloop prahar, chockhold, headbuts aanee (maryadit pramanat) laath yasah nihshastra swa-sanrakshanachi pranali manali jaau shakate.
17 vya shatkat 'ringan' chee german parampara grahan jhaali kaaran kulinanchya aadhunik barok samjamule kustichya samnyanmadhye uchch vargacha sahbhag pratibandhit hota. khalchya varganmadhye kusticha sarav suruch rahila, jyamule lock kustichya vividh paramparik shailinna janm jhaala. ajunahi astitvat asalelya swis marshal aart schwingencha thet sambandh campfringenshy aahe. 
itihas.
punarujjivanachya pahate ringan aakar aakar pramukh purushanpaiki eka austriyatil master aut jude asalyache disate.
oat heey 15 vya shatkachya suruvatiche eka master hote. tyala anek madhyayugeen ladhau granthanmadhye kusti tantranchya malikansah shrey dile jaate, jyat sandhe todane, hatanche kuloop aanee fekane yancha samavesh aahe. otchya swatachya hatatoon konatahi grunth astitvat aalela nahee, parantu tyachi pranali 15 vya shatkachya uttaradhatil hans talhofer (1443), pieter wonn danzig aanee jude lave yanchyasah anek kumpan mastersdware shikavali jaate.
pollus kaal tyala 'lords auph austriya' (bahudha fredrick III chya netrutvakhali) sathee kusti shikshak asalyache sangoon 'society auph liktinoar' madhye ganato.
talhofer aanee lave yaa doghannusar, oat haah baptisma ghetalela jyoo hota.
ringan' aanee talwarbaji yaa donhi vishayanvaril sahitya asalelya itar granthanmadhye fior dei liberi (see. 1410), fabian wonn aurswald (1462), pitro monte (ii. 1480), aanee hans verm (ii. 1500).
barok kalachya suruvatipasun uchchavargiyanmadhye kusti fashionchya baher gelee. ringan' varcha eka ushiracha grunth assa aahe qee johann george pasachen yanni 1659 madhye prakashit kelela. kadachit ringanla eka pranghatak marshal aart mhanoon hatalanare shevatche pustak, bahudha johann andreas schmitche 'lib-beskirmende und fainden trotz-beatende phekt-kunst' aahe, jeey 1713 madhye noornbergchya weigel yethe prakashit jhaale hote. tathapi, pavitra roman samrajyachya lock kusti shailinmadhye campfringen kiman anshatah tikoon rahile aanee tyache kahee bhag ajunahi sthanik german pakad kustisarkhya aadhunik kusti shailinmadhye astitvat aahet.
talvarbajimadhye kustichi tantre.
anek niyamavali kumpan aanee kustila 'ringan emm schwart' ('talwar pakadane') navachya camphringeonchya eka vishesh shakhet ekatra karatat, jee sashastr ladhaidarmyan vaparnyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahe.
yamadhye bund karanyachi tantre, nihshastrata, shastre japt karane, pomel-strike aanee shastra-sahayyit sanyukt-lock yancha samavesh hota.
kustichi tantre visheshtah sashastr ladhaichya ("harnishfechtein") shistit madhyavarti aahet.
chadhavalelya kusti.
anek hastalikhite, ghodyavar basaleli ladhai kinwa "rosfechton" sathichya kustichya tantrancha tapasheel detat.

