1315-1317 chaa motha dushkal

14 vya shatkachya suruvatila europemadhye aalelya mothya pramanavar aalelya sankatanchya maliketil pahila dushkal haah 1315-1317 chaa (kadhikadhi dinank 1315-1322) hota. europecha bahutansh bhag (purvepasoon polandparyant aanee dakshinepasun aalpsparyant pasarlela) prabhavit jhaala. dushkalamule anek varshe anek mrutyu jhaale aanee aanee teey aanee shatkatil vaadh aanee samruddhichya kalavadhicha spasht ant jhaala. 
1315 chya vasant rututil kharab havamanamule motha dushkal suru jhaala. 1317 madhye unhali kapani hoiparyant 1316 paryant peak nikami rahile aanee 1322 paryant europe purnapane savarla nahee. peak nikami hone hii ekmev samasya navhati; guranchya aajaramule mendhya aanee guranchi sankhya 80 takkyanparyant qamee jhaali. haah kaal gunhegari, rog, samoohik mrutyu aanee narbhakshakta aanee balhatyanchya atyant tivra pataline chinhankit keela gela. yaa sankatache church, rajya, european samaj aanee 14 vya shatkat parinami bhavishyatil aapattinvar parinam jhaale.
parshvabhoomi.
madhyayugeen europemadhye dushkal yaa parichit ghatana hotya. udaharanarth, francechya rajyat nantar shatkat 1304,1305,1310,1315-1317 (motha dushkal), 1330-1334,1349-1351,1358-1360,1371,1374-1375 aanee 1390 madhye sthanik dushkal padala. englandchya rajyat, mothya dushkalane prabhavit jhalelya sarvat samruddha rajyat, 1321,1351 aanee 1369 madhye atirikt dushkal padale. bahutek lokansathi tithe khanyasathi barechase purese navhate aanee vruddhapkalaparyant jaganyasathi jeevan haah tulanene chhota aanee kroor sangharsh hota. ingraji rajgharanyabaddalchya adhikrut nondinnusar, samajatil sarvottam lokanche udaharan, jyasathi nondi thevalya gelya hotya, 1276 madhye janmachya velee sarasari ayurman 35.28 varshe hote. 1301 teey 1325 darmyan, mahaa dushkaladarmyan tee 29.84 varshe hotee, parantu 1348 teey 1375 darmyan plegchya kalat tee fakt 17.33 varshe hotee. 1348 teey 1375 darmyan loksankhyet 42 takkyanchi tulanene tivra ghat jhalyache yatoon disun yete.
madhyayugeen ubdar kalat kalat teey aanee shatkat), europechi loksankhya purvichya kalkhandachya tulanet sphotali aanee aanee shatkaparyant kahee thikani punha julalya nasalelya patalivar pohochali. kharey tarr, 14 vya shatkachya suruvatichya tulanet grameen francechya kahee bhaganchi loksankhya ajunahi qamee aahe. gavhachya utpannache praman (pratyek biyanyasathi lagvadisathi lagvadisathi biyanyanchi sankhya) 1280 pasoon qamee hott hote aanee annadhanyachya kimmati vadhat hotya. anukool kapaninantar, gunottar 7:1 itake jaast asoo shakate, parantu pratikool kapaninantar teey 2:1 itake qamee hote-mhanje, lavalelya pratyek biyanyasathi, done biyane kapale gele, eka pudhchya varshachya biyanyasathi aanee eka annasathi. tyaa tulanet, aadhunik shetiche praman 30:1 kinwa tyahoon adhik aahe (krishi utpadakta pahaa).
madhyayugeen ubdar kalachya samaptinantar mothya dushkalachi suruvat jhaali. 1310 aanee 1330 chya darmyan, uttar europemadhye madhyayugatil kharab havamanacha kahee sarvat white aanee sarvat satatyapurn kaal pahila gela, jyache vaishishtya mhanje tivra hiwala aanee pavsali aanee thund unhale. jwalamukhichya ghatanemule motha dushkal padala asava aanee too chhotya himyugat padala asava. badalatya havamanachya paddhati, sankatanna tond denyat madhyayugeen sarkaranchi akaryakshamta aanee aitihasik uchch patalivaril loksankhyechya patalimule ann utpadanat trutisathi qamee antar asalela kaal banala.
motha dushkal.
dushkal vasant rutumadhye europechya bahutansh bhagat asamanyapane musaldhar paus suru jhaala. vasant rutoo aanee unhalabhar paus suruch rahila aanee tapman thund rahile. asha paristhitit dhanya piku shakat navhate, jyamule peak mothya pramanat nasht jhaale. korade thevanyasathi annapadarth bhandi aanee bhandi ghaloon gharat aanale jaat asat. pranyansathi pendha aanee gavat barey houu shakale nahee, tyamule pashudhanasathi chaara navhata. englandmadhye, yorkshire aanee nottinghammadheel sakhal bhag purgrast jhaale, tarr yorkshiremadhil phos nadivaril stew talav vahoon gele.
annadhanyache darr vadhu lagale. englandmadhil kimmati vasant aanee unhalyachya madhyapasoon duppat jhalya. maans barey karnyacha aanee jatan karnyacha ekmev marg asalele meeth midvane katheen hote kaaran olya havamanat kharat panyache prabhavipane bashpibhavan houu shakat navhate. tyachi kimmat 30 shilingvarun 40 shilingparyant vadhali. laurenmadhye gavhachya kimmatit 320% neey vaadh jhaali, jyamule bhaat bhaat parvadat navhata. dirghakalin aapatkalin paristhitisathi dhanya sathavan rajgharane, sardar, kuleen, shrimant vyapari aanee charchparyant maryadit hotee. loksankhyechya vadhatya samanya dabavamule, sarasaripeksha qamee pikancha arth assa hota qee kahee lock upashi rahtil; apayashache praman qamee hote. lokanni jangalat vanya khadya mule, gavat, shengdane aanee saal kapanyas suruvat kelee.
anek nondavalelya ghatana dushkalachi vyapti darshavtat. englandcha edward dusra 10 august 1315 roji seent albans yethe thambla aanee tyala tyachyasathi aanee tyachya parivarasathi bhakari shodhanyat adchan aalee; haah eka durmil prasang hota jyamadhye englandcha raja khau shakat navhata. bristolmadhye, shaharachya itihasane nondavale aahe qee 1315 madhye 'mrutyuchya itakya mothya tanchaisah dushkal padala hota qee jiwant lock mrutanna daphan karnyasathi purese navhate, ghodyache maans aanee kutryanche maans changle maans manale jaat hote aanee kahijan tyanchi swatachi mule khatat. turungat asalelya choranni navyane turungat takalelya choranche tukade todale aanee tyanna ardhe jiwant giloon takale.'
lui exchya netrutvakhali frenchanni flandersver aakraman karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu netherlandschya sakhal bhagat, shete bhijali hotee aanee sainya adakale hote aanee tyanna maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele, jithe tyanni tyanna sodoon dile tethe tyanni tyanchya vastoo jaalalya, tyanna gheuun jaanyas asamarth.
1316 chya vasant rutumadhye, swatahla tikavoon thevanyasathi urja aanee sathyanpasun vanchit asalelya european loksankhyevar paus suruch rahila. kulinanpasoon teey teey samajatil serve ghatak prabhavit jhaale, parantu visheshtah shetkari, jeey 95 takke loksankhyeche pratinidhitva karat hote aanee jyanchyakade rakheev ann puravatha navhata. kahee pramanat dilasa denyasathi, masuda janavaranchi kattal karoon, biyane khaun, mulanna swatacha bachav karnyasathi sodoon deuun ('hansell aanee gretel' pahaa) aanee vruddha lokanmadhye, tarun pidhila jaganyasathi swechhene ann nakarun bhavishya gahan thewale gele. tyaa kalatil itihaskaranni narbhakshaktechya anek ghatananchi nond kelee, jaree "ashee charcha hii keval afava pasaravanyachi baab navhati qee nahee heey konihi sangu shakat nahee".
1317 madhye dushkal uchchankavar hota, kaaran ole hawaman chaloo hote. tyaa unhalyat hawaman punha samanya sthiteet aale. toparyant, pneumonia, bronchitis aanee kshayrog yasarkhya aajaranmule lock itake kamkuvat jhaale hote aanee biyanyancha itka satha khalla gela hota qee 1325 paryant ann puravatha tulanene samanya patalivar parat aala nahee aanee loksankhya vadhu lagali. itihaskar mrutyusankhyevar vaad ghalatat, parantu assa andaj aahe qee anek shahare aanee shaharanchya loksankhyepaiki 10-25% mrutyu pavale. jaree kaala mrutyu (1347-1351) adhik lokanna thaar marnar asala, taree too too kahee mahinyant eka bhagat pasarla, tarr motha dushkal anek varshe tikala, jyamule lokanche dukkh vadhale.
jeane-piyare legue yanni namood kele qee, mothya dushkalamule "aadhich gardi asalelya jagaat, visheshtah grameen atee loksankhyesathi naisargik marg asalelya shaharanmadhye, ghauk kattal jhaali."mrutyuche praman thikananusar badalat asate, parantu kahee udaharananmadhye englandchya dakshinet 10-15% chey nuksan samavisht aahe. uttar francene aapali sumare 10 takke loksankhya gamavali.
bhoogol.
british bete, uttar france, nimn desh, scandinavia, germany aanee paschim pollands uttar europaparyant haah motha dushkal maryadit hota. keval apratyakshapane prabhavit jhalelya sudur purvekadil baltic vagalata kahee baltic rajyanvarhi yacha parinam jhaala. dushkal dakshinekade alps aanee pyreneene vedhalela hota.
parinam.
mrutyu jhalelya lokanchi sankhya, prabhavit jhalele vishal bhaugolik kshetra, tyachi lambi aanee tyache kayamswarupi parinam yasathi haah motha dushkal lakshaniy aahe.
church.
yaa kalatil jawaljawal serve manvi samaj naisargik aapattinna tyanchya spasht dushkrutyancha daivi badala manatat. jyaa samajat jawaljawal serve samasyansathi antim upay dharm hota aanee roman catholic dharm haah ekmev sahan keela jaanara khrishchan dharm hota, asha samajat dushkalachya mool karnanviruddha konatihi prathna prabhavi disat navhati. asha prakare dushkalamule roman catholic churchche sansthatmak adhikar qamee jhaale aanee roman catholic charchane nantarchya chalvalinna paya rachanyas madat kelee, jyanna popshahila virodh keela aanee prathanechya kathit apayshala bhrashtachar aanee roman catholic charchmadhil saiddhantik chukanvar dosh deela.
sanskrutik.
14 vya shatkatil madhyayugeen europemadhye aadhich vyapak samajik hinsacharacha anubhav aala hota aanee balatkar aanee hatya yasarkhya mrutyudandas patra asalelya krutye dekhil aadhunik kalachya tulanet (visheshtah loksankhyechya aakarachya tulanet) adhik samanya hotee. 
dushkalamule gunhegari karvayankade samanyapane cull nasalelya lokanmadhyehi gunhegarit lakshaniy vaadh jhaali, kaaran lock swatache kinwa tyanchya kutumbache bharanposhan karnyasathi konatyahi upkramacha avalamb karayache. dushkalanantarchya pudhil anek dashakanparyant europane adhik kathor aanee adhik hinsak valan ghetale. ghetale aanee aanee shatkanchya tulanet heey aanakhi qamee sauhardpurn thikan banale. heey samajachya serve ghatakanmadhye disun yete, kadachit sarvat lakshaniy mhanje 14 vya shatkat shatkachya yuddhadarmyan jyaa prakare yuddh aayojit kele gele hote, jevha shaurya sampale, tyaulat 12 vya aanee 13 vya shatkat jevha yuddhbhumipeksha spardhechya khelanmadhye kulinancha apghatane mrutyu honyachi shakyata jaast hotee.
parinami parinami sankatanna tond denyat apayashi tharalyamule dushkalamule madhyayugeen sarkaranvaril vishvas qamee jhaala. yache visheshtah edward dusra, joou aadhich eka aprasiddha raja hota, tyachyasathi gambhir parinam jhaale. tyamule englandmadhil dushkalakade charchmadhil kathit gairvartanukichya ulat, rajachya kathit kushasanasathi daivi suud mhanoon pramukhyane pahile gele aanee tyamule tyachya akheris jhalelya patnala hatbhar lagla.
loksankhya.
yaa mahapuracha, sumare 1050 pasoon suru jhalelya abhootpurv loksankhya vadhichya kalavadhicha spasht ant jhaala. jaree kahinche mutt aahe qee vikas aadhich kahee dashakanpasun mandavala jaat hota, taree dushkal haah nihsanshaypane uchch loksankhya vadhicha spasht ant hota. yaa mahaa dushkalamule nantar nantar shatkatil bhavishyatil ghatananvar parinam jhaala, jase qee kaala mrutyu, jevha aadhich kamkuvat jhalelya loksankhyela punha fatka basel.

