vatap (bagkam)

vatap (british ingraji), kinwa uttar americet, samudayik udyan, haah vaiyaktik, bigger-vyavsayik bagkamasathi kinwa ann rope vadhavanyasathi upalabdh karoon dilela jaminicha eka bhag aahe, jyamule vaparkartyachya nivassthanapasun door svayampakgharatil baag tayar hote. asha bhukhandanchi nirmiti jaminichya tukadyache kahee kinwa shekado bhaganmadhye vibhajan karoon kelee jaate, jeey vyakti kinwa kutumbanna dile jaatat. asha tukadyanchi lagwad vaiyaktikaritya kelee jaate, itar samudayik baganchya prakaranchya ulat, jithe sampoorn kshetrachi dekhbhal lokanchya gatadware ektritpane kelee jaate. jyaa deshanmadhye 'vatap (baag)' haah shabd vaparla jaat nahee, tyaa deshanmadhye 'samudayik udyan' mhanje vaiyaktik lahan baganche bhukhand tasech lokanchya gatane ektritpane bagkam kelelya jaminicha eka motha tukada. vijay udyan' haah shabd ajunahi kadhikadhi vaparla jaato, visheshtah jevha samudayik udyan pahilya kinwa suruvat mahayuddhache asate.
eka parcelcha vaiyaktik aakar samanyatah kutumbachya garjannusar asato aanee ghalavatat bhukhandanmadhye sadhane aanee niwara yasathi eka shade aanee kadhikadhi hangami kinwa aathvadyachya shevati rahnyasathi eka zopadi asate. vaiyaktik bagayatdar sahasa vatap sanghatanet sanghatit kele jaatat, jeey sarvajanik, khajgi kinwa dharmik sanstha asalelya malkakadoon jameen bhadepattivar dete kinwa dilee jaate aanee jeey sahasa tee keval bagkamasathi vaparali jaavi asey tharavatat (mhanje.eae.bhajya, fale aanee phule vadhavane), parantu kayamswarupi nivasi karanansathi nahee (heey sahasa kshetraniyantran kayadyannusar dekhil aavashyak asate). malina sanghatanela eka lahan sadasyatva shulk dyave lagate aanee sambandhit sanvidhan aanee up-kayadyanche palan karave lagate. tathapi, sadasyatva tyanna kahee lokshahi adhikaranche haqq dete.
samajik-sanskrutik aanee aarthik karye.
1926 pasoon tees laakh european vatap malikanche pratinidhitva prayatna luxemberg-aadharit sansthene, vatpachya baganchya samajik-sanskrutik aanee aarthik karyanche varnan, jivanacha sudharit darja, anandadayi aanee fayadeshir chhand, vishranti aanee nisargashi sampark pradan karane asey kele aahe. mulansathi, udyane khelanyasathi aanee nisargabaddal jaanun ghenyasathi jaaga detat, tarr berojgaransathi, teey kahitari upayukt tasech qamee kimatiche ann karanyachi bhavna detat. vruddha aanee apangansathi, udyane lokanna bhetanyachi, samaan vicharanchya lokansobat kaam karanyachi aanee lagwad aanee kapani yasarkhya upkramancha anubhav ghenyachi sandhee detat.
jagbhar.
austriya.
pahili baag 1905 madhye perkersdorff yethe suru jhaali.
canada.
vancouver, toronto, calgary, montriyal aanee ottawa yasarkhya shaharanmadhye hyanna samudayik udyane mhanatat.
chekoslovakia.
purvichya chekoslovakiyamadhye samyavadi rajvatit vatap kelelya bagkamat mothya pramanat lokpriyata hotee. yamule upnagariy prefab apartment bloxmadheel lokanna-jyala chekmadhye mhatale jaate-shaharatil gondhal, pradushan aanee concrete architecturepasoon sutka karanyachi sandhee midali. samanya madhyamvargiy nagarikansathi bachat guntavanukicha ekmev parvanagi asalela prakar mhanoon suttichi ghare aanee udyane dekhil karyarat hotee.
denmark.
1778 madhye, fredericia shaharachya killyanchya baher jameen vatap udyanasathi thewali gelee aanee 1828 chya paripatrakanusar shahee kulpatinchya vatap udyananchi anek shaharanmadhye sthapana karnyat aalee.
khajgi pudhakarane 1884 madhye aalbargmadhye pahili danish vatap sanghatana sthapan kelee aanee kopanheganmadhye (lii. 'kamgaranche sanrakshn') yanni 1891 madhye danish rajdhanichi pahili vatap udyane sthapan kelee. tevhapasoon vatap udyane bahutek danish shaharanmadhye pasarali aahet.
1904 saalee, denmarkmadhye sumare 20,000 vatap udyane hotee. tyapaiki 6,000 kopanheganmadhye hote. aantaryuddh kalat vatap kelelya baganchi sankhya zapatyane vadhali. 2001 saalee, vatap kelelya udyananchi sankhya andaje 62,120 hotee.
1908 madhye, kopanheganmadhil vees vatap sanghatananni vatap udyan sanghachi sthapana kelee, jyacha 1914 madhye sampoorn denmarkmadhye vistar karnyat aala. jyaa rajya aanee nagarpalikankadun vatap sanghatananni jameen bhadyane dilee hotee, tyanchyashi adhik anukool saude karnyasathi vatap udyan mahasanghachi sthapana karnyat aalee. aaj federation 75 nagarpalikanmadhil andaje 400 vatap sanghatananche pratinidhitva karate.
vatpachya baganchi danish parampara nantar itar nordic deshanmadhye pasaralih pratham sweeden, nantar norwey aanee finland.
aaj, bahutansh vatap udyane nagarpalikanchya malkichya jaminivar aahet jee jameen vatap sanghatanela bhadyane dete. tyaa badalyat sanghatana pratyek sadasyala jaminicha eka bhag dete. serve prakarchya lokansathi upalabdh asaleli ekhadi vastoo mhanoon vatap keleli udyane jatan karnyasathi, sadasyatvache shulk bajarbhavapeksha lakshaniyaritya qamee thewale jaate. anekada aakarshak bhukhandanvar vatap kele jaat asalyane, yamule anek vatap sanghatananchya sadasyatvasathi mothya pratiksha yadee tayar jhalya aahet.
jaree vatpacha mukhya uddesh bagkam asala taree, bahutek vatpachya baganmadhye mandap bandhala jaato. junya punarnirmit railway gadipasoon teey unhalyatil chhotya gharaparyant yaa mandapancha aakar asoo shakato. anek lokanna tyanchya vatap kelelya baganchi itaki aavad hote qee teey sampoorn unhala tithe rahatat. tathapi, bahutansh prakarananmadhye, sadasyanna varshbhar tethe rahanyachi parvanagi nahee.
finland.
federation auph finish allotment gardens hii eka naa-napha sanstha aahe jee allotment gardnersna pathimba dete aanee tyanna allotment aanee ekmekanshi jodate. 1916 madhye tempere yethe pahile vatap udyan sthapan karnyat aale aanee aaj finlandchya aaspas sumare 30 vatap sanghatana aahet, jyat andaje 3700 vatapkarte aahet.
france.
aahe shatkachya akheris disu lagaleli kautumbik udyane kinwa vatap hii nagarpalikanni rahivashanna upalabdh karoon dileli jameen aahe. bahutekda bhajipalyachya bagayatisathi vatap kelele heey bhukhand suruvatila kamgaranna samajik santulan aanee ann swayampurnata pradan karoon tyanchi jeevan paristhiti sudharanyacha hetu hota.
aaj, jaagtik tapmanvadhichya dhokyacha samna karnyasathi upayukt asalelya shaharanjaval "harit osis" tayar karnyat madat karoon teey naveen swarasya anubhavat aahet. loksankhyechya qamee utpann asalelya gatandware sthanik patalivar bhajya tayar karnyachya sadhyachya chintanna teey pratisad detat aanee shaharikaran jhalelya bhagat "samajik sambandh" nirman karnyat sahbhagi hotat.
februwari 2007 madhye sthapan jhalelya rashtriy samoohik aanee kautumbik udyananchya parishadeche (see. aine. jeey. see. eff.) uddisht tyanchya vikasala protsahan dene aanee protsahan dene, vanaspatincha varsa aanee jaivavividhateche sanrakshn karane, paryavaranacha aadar karnari aanee sarvajanik adhikari aanee itar sansthansobat aaplya padache rakshan karnari bagkam karane heey aahe. see. aine. jeey. see. eff. aaj sumare 1,35,000 sadasyanna sanghatit karate, teen sansthapak sanghatana tayar karatatah national horticultural society auph france (ess. aine. etch. eff.), national federation auph family andd collective gardens (eff. aine. jeey. eff. see.) 15 aanee garden auph daad railwayman (jardinot).
germany.
germanytil vatap udyanancha itihas aahe shatkatil europemadhil audhyogikikaran aanee shaharikaranachya kalashi jawalun jodalela aahe, jevha mothya sankhyene lock rojgar aanee changle jeevan jaganyasathi grameen bhagatoon shaharanmadhye sthalantarit jhaale hote. ghalavatat, hii kutumbe atyant garib paristhitit rahat hotee, ayogya ghare, kuposhan aanee itar prakarchya samajik durlakshane grast hotee. tyanchi ekoon paristhiti sudharanyasathi aanee tyanna swatache ann vadhavanyachi parvanagi denyasathi, shahar prashasana, church kinwa tyanchya niyoktyanni bagechya uddeshane mokalya jaaga upalabdh karoon dilya. suruvatila hyanna 'garibanchi udyane' mhatale jaat asey.
1864 nantar, jevha saxonymadhil leapzig shaharat tathakathit 'shreber chalval' suru jhaali, tevha sanghatit vatap bagkamachi kalpana pahilya shikharavar pohochali. mulanna khelanyasathi nirogi aanee nisargachya jawalche vatavaran denyasathi, sarvajanik upkramane shaharatil jaaga bhadepattivar denyacha nirnay ghetala. nantar, yaa bhagat mulansathichya pratyaksh bagancha samavesh hota, parantu lavkarach praudhanni yaa bagancha taba ghenyacha aanee tyanchi lagwad karnyacha cull ghetala. asha prakarchi bagkam itar european deshanmadhyehi lokpriy jhaali, visheshtah. austriya (aanee tyavar avalambun asalele), netherlands aanee switzerlandsarkhe german desh.
 german bhashik deshanmadhye, vatap kelelya udyananna tyanusar samanyatah (ekvachanah) mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyache kadhikadhi shabdasha bhashantar "shreber gardens" asey kele jaate. aanakhi eka samanya sandnya aahe ('lahan udyane', ekvachanah).
pahilya aanee suruvat mahayuddhadarmyan, vatap kelelya udyananni puravalelya annasurkshecha pailu visheshtah spasht jhaala. visheshtah shahari rahivashanchya poshan sthitibabat samajik-aarthik paristhiti atishay dayaneey hotee. anek shahare tyanchya grameen antarbhagapasun alipta rahili hotee aanee krishi utpadane aata shahari bajarpethet pohochat navhati kinwa kalya bajarat khoop jaast kimmatinvar vikali jaat hotee. parinami, shaharatil annadhanya utpadan, visheshtah gharguti baganmadhye aanee vatap kelelya baganmadhye fale aanee bhajipalyache utpadan, jaganyasathi aavashyak jhaale. ann surakshesathi udyananche vatap karnyache mahatva itake spasht hote qee 1919 madhye, pahile mahayuddha sampalyanantar eka varshanantar, germanymadhye bagkam vatap karnyasathi pahila kayada manjur karnyat aala. tathakathit "lahan baag aanee lahan bhade jameen kayada", jaminichya mudatit suraksha aanee nishchit bhadepatti shulk pradan karato. 1983 madhye, yaa kayadyat () neey sudharana kelee. aaj germanymadhye ajunahi sumare 14 laakh vatap udyane aahet, jyanche kshetrafal sumare 14 laakh aahe. ektya berlinmadhye 833 vatap udyan sankul aahet.
malta.
 maltane april 2011 madhye pahili vatap udyane suru kelee. ('shetimadhye haat aajma') yaa yojanecha uddesh lokanna, visheshtah tarunanna aanee shahari bhagat sadanikanmadhye lokanna sendriya shetee karnyas protsahit karane haah hota. yaa yojnet malta yetheel jee. jeey. emm. emm. aii. aay. aar. yethe 50 hoon adhik vatap bhukhand hote, jyat pratyek bhukhand 50 chauras meater aakaracha hota. serve bhukhandanna purnapane sinchan karnyat aale hote aanee jyanni yaa yojnet bhag ghetala tyanna satat pathbal aanee prashikshan midale. prashasanat badal jhalyanantar 2013 madhye maltachi vatap udyane bund karnyat aalee. september 2019 madhye, sanskruti mantralayachya akhtyarit akhtyarit heritage malta yaa sansthene vatpachi sankalpana punha sadar karnyasathi pudhakar ghetala. rabatmadhil abatija tadd-dejarchya kabarichya agadi varr sthit, puratatviy sthalachya sanvedanshilateche rakshan karnyachya prayatnat naveen vatap bhukhand anek nirbandhansah jaaree karnyat aale hote.
netherlands.
netherlandsmadhil pahili vatap udyane 1838 madhye sthapan karnyat aalee. 19 vya shatkat shaharanni kamgar-varg kutumbansathi vatap udyane suru kelee. pahilya mahayuddhachya sumaras, jyamadhye netherlands tatasth rahile, baganchya vaparkartyanni baganche vyavasthapan sadasyandvare kele jaave ashee magani karnyas suruvat kelee. 1928 madhye vatap udyan sansthanni rashtriy patalichi (aii. vhee. vhee. aine.) sthapana kelee. kelee mahayuddhachya german tabyat asatana, anek 'volkstewinen' suru jhaale. jhaale dashkaparyant, bagancha vapar pramukhyane bhajipala utpadanasathi keela jaat hota, tevhapasoon manoranjanatmak vaparakade valale aahe. shahar aanee samajanusar, lahan shade, haritgruhe kinwa lahan baganchi ghare parvanagi aahe. kahee prakarananmadhye, unhalyat kayamswarupi nivasachi parvanagi aahe. netherlandsmadhye 240,000 vatap aahet.
norwey.
norweymadhye 13 vatap udyane aahet, jyat sumare 2000 vatap aahet. sarvat juna, 1907 salcha aahe. sarvat motha, solvang kolonihegar, sumare 600 vatap aahe aanee too oslomadhye aahe, jungle aanee sognswan talavachya jawal aahe. vatap keleli udyane khoop lokpriy aahet aanee 10 aanee kahee prakarananmadhye 20 varshanchi pratiksha yadee asoo shakate.
phillipines.
2003 madhye, european unionchya anudanit prakalpacha eka bhag mhanoon uttar mindanao yetheel kagayan dii oro yethe phillipineschi pahili vatap baag sthapan karnyat aalee. darmyan, manilamadhil german dutavas aanee germanytil anek khajgi dengidaranchya madatine hii sankhya shaharachya vividh shahari bhagat asalelya paach swayampurn udyananparyant vadhali aahe, jyamule ekoon 55 shahari garib kutumbanna ann utpadanasathi jameen milane kayadeshir jhaale aahe. aanakhi chaar vatap udyane, tyapaiki done sarvajanik prathamik shalanchya aavarat, sadhya malmatta-aadharit samudayik vikas drushtikonacha vapar karoon atirikt 36 kutumbansathi ubharali jaat aahet. kahee maalee shaharatil sarvat garib, shaharatil kachara uchalanare aahet. vividh bhajyanvyatirikt, maalee aushadhi vanaspati aanee ushnakatibandhiy fale dekhil pikavatat. kahee baganmadhye, dainandin aaharasathi atirikt prathinanche srot milanyasathi lahan prani thewale jaatat aanee mashanchya talavanchi dekhbhal kelee jaate. pratyek vatap udyanat eka compostcha dheeg asato, jithe bagetil tasech shejarchya gharanmadhil jaivavighatanshil jaivavighatanshil sendriya khatanmadhye rupantar kele jaate, jyamule shaharachya ekatmik ghanakchara vyavasthapan karyakramala hatbhar lagato. pudhe, serve udyane tathakathit mootra-valavanari paryavaraniy swachchata shauchalayanni susajj aahet, jyaa bregenhose aanee itaranni varnan kelelya danish vatap udyanatil paddhatinpramanech aahet. (2003).
polland.
polandmadhye, vatap udyane 1897 salchi aahet jevha doctor zaan jalowski yanni grudziadzmadhye 'sunn baath' () samudayik udyane aanee aarogya kshetrachi sthapana kelee. polandmadhil vatap udyanancha uday, itar european deshanmadhil paristhitipramanech, audhyogikikaran yugabarobar jodalela hota. shaharanmadhye sthalantar prayatna grameen loksankhyechya vadhatya sankhyechya ann aanee aarogya samasyanna pratisad mhanoon vatpachi nirmiti kelee gelee. atirikt annadhanya tartud, harit jaaga nirman karane aanee vyayamadvare samajik sthirata vadhavanyasathi naveen vatavaranat tyanchya grameen udarnirvahachya paddhatinche punarutpadan karnyasathi majee majee protsahit kele gele. udyane sarvat aadhi aanee sarvat garib lokanchya garja purn kartil, asey aayojakanni tharavale.
visavya shatkat vatap kelelya baganchi bhoomika lakshaniyaritya badalali nahee. samyavadi rajvatit, maliche bahutansh laksh kutumbachya garjansathi ann tayar karoon gharguti andajpatrak sudharnyavar kendrit hote. hote dashakachya uttaradhat, annadhanyachya kharchat gharguti andajpatrakachya 40 takke kharchancha samavesh hota. yach kalat vatap kelelya baganmadhye (polishah "zialkovani") vel ghalavane hii eka sanskrutik ghatana bunley.
samyavadacha samyavadacha aanee bhandavalshahichya aagamanane, vatap udyananche karya aanee mukhya uddesh punha paribhashit karnyat aale. 2013 madhye niyamkane manoranjanatmak aanee itar samajik garja purn karnyasathi tyanchi prathamik bhoomika darshavili-ann surakshecha ullekh fakt nantarchya goshtinmadhye karnyat aala hota.
sadhya polandmadhye 965,000 nondanikrut vatap maalee aahet. sarvajanik malkichya shahari jaaget lagwad karnare vatap karnare bagayatdar haah deshatil shahar jameen vyavasthapakancha sarvat motha gut aahe. polandmadhye aadhalalelya vatpachya pramukhyane utpadak swarupapasoon anand udyananmadhye honare sankraman heey bajarache cull, sadhyachya saundaryachya garja, vatap prashasakancha dabav aanee yaa aakarshak hiravya jagancha avalamb karnyas ichchuk asalelya shahar vikasak yancha ektrit parinam aahe. pragatishil shaharikaranamule vatap kelelya udyananche astitva dhokyat yet aahe, visheshtah shaharachya kendranmadhye asalelya, tarr dusra dhoka mhanje vatap kelelya udyananche sarvajanik khulya jaganmadhye rupantar karanyachi kalpana, jyamule bahudha tyanche udyananmadhye rupantar hoil.
gelya kahee varshant, vatap kelelya baganmadhye punha ruchi vadhat aahe, mukhytah tarun lock jeey tyanchi paryavaran, samuday bandhani aanee vishrantichi kshamata pahatat.
portugal.
2011 pasoon lisbanchya nagarpalikene 19 peksha jaast vatap udyane (kinwa) tayar kelee aahet. heey sarvajanik arj prakriyedvare rahivashanna dile jaatat.
anyatha, portugalmadhil vatap udyane anekada anishchit asatat, kaaran shaharanchi vaadh hott asatana jameen aapoaap pattyanmadhye vibhagali jaate.
russia.
pieter daad gretchya karkirdit rashiyatil pahile vatap ('dacha') disu lagale. suruvatila tyaa deshatil chhotya vasahati hotya, jyaa zaarne nishthavan jagirdaranna dilya hotya. pracheen russian bhashet, () yaa shabdacha arth 'kahitari dile gele' assa hoto.
dnyanachya yugat, russian kulinavargane tyanchya vatpacha vapar samajik aanee sanskrutik melavyansathi keela, jyat sahasa mukhavata asalele chendu aanee fatake pradarshit kele jaat asat. audhyogik krantimule shahari loksankhyet zapatyane vaadh jhaali aanee shahari rahivashanna mothya pramanat pradushit shaharanpasun, kiman tatpuratya kalasathi, adhikadhik sutka havee hotee. aahe shatkachya akheris, heey vatap russian samajatil uchch aanee madhyam vargasathi eka aavadata unhali vishranticha thikan banala.
1917 chya bolshevik krantinantar bahutek dachanche rashtriyikaran karnyat aale. kahee kamgar vargasathi suttichya gharee rupantarit karnyat aale, tarr itar, samanyatah changlya darjache, communist pakshache pramukh padadhikari aanee navyane udayas aalelya sanskrutik aanee vaidnyanik abhijat vargamadhye vitarit kele gele. kahee vatap vagalata serve rajyanchi malmatta rahili aanee jevha ekhadya dachachya rahivashala barkhast kele gele kinwa rajyachya rajyakartyanchya bajoone padale tevha tyancha vapar karnyacha adhikar sahasa radd keela gela. joseph stallincha aavadata dacha abkhazia yetheel gagra yethe hota. 1940 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant naveen dachanchya bandhkamavar nirbandh hote aanee tyasathi communist pakshachya netrutvachi vishesh manjuri aavashyak hotee.
suruvat mahayuddhanantarchya kalat dachachya vikasat madhyam vaadh jhaali. dachchanchya bandhkamavar bandee ghalanara konatahi vastavik kayada naslyamule, shahar aanee gavanjavalil naan vaparlelya jamini, kahee imaratinchi shade, zopadya aanee dachchanchya rupat kaam prayatna adhik pramukh gharanvar ghuskhoranni kabja karnyas suruvat kelee. bahumali sadanikanmadhye sadanikanmadhye serve shahari rahivashanchya, nisargachya jawal thoda vel ghalavanyachya aanee swatachi fale aanee bhajya vadhavanyachya ichchemule basoon rahanyachi hii pratha prerit jhaali. nantarche kendrane niyojit kelelya soviet krishi karyakramala puresha tajya utpadanancha puravatha karnyat apayash aalyane jhaale. jasjasa kaal jaat gela tastashi, ghuskhoranchi sankhya bhaumitikdrushtya vadhat gelee aanee tyanchya haushi shetichya adhikarala adhikrut manyata denyashivay sarkarkade paryay navhata. 1955 chya kayadyane soviet nyayik pranalimadhye eka naveen prakarchi kayadeshir sanstha aanali, eka tathakathit 'bagayatdaranchi bhagidari' (; samudayik bageshi gondhal ghaloo naye). bagayatdaranchya bhagidarila keval shetichya uddeshane jaminicha kayamswarupi vapar karnyacha aanee sarvajanik vidyut aanee panipurvatha jaalyanshi jodanyachi parvanagi milanyacha adhikar midala. 1958 madhye, sansthecha aanakhi eka prakar, 'dacha bandhkamasathi sahkari sanstha' (dii. ess. keey.) suru karnyat aala, jyane sarkarkadoon bhadepattivar dilelya jaminivar eka lahan ghar bandhanyacha vyakticha adhikar manya keela.
1980 chya dashakat dachachya tejiche shikhar pahile gele, deshatil jawaljawal pratyek shrimant kutumbacha swatacha dacha asato kinwa mitranchya dachanmadhye aathvadyache shevatche divas aanee suttya ghalavatat. ghalavatat susajj nasalele aanee antargehi nalkandyashivay, tarihi lakho russian kamgar-varg kutumbanna swast unhali vishranti milanyasathi dacha haah antim upay hota. jaminicha eka tukada asalyamule shaharvasiyanna tyanchi swatachi fale aanee bhajya pikavanyachi sandhee dekhil midali. aajahi, divasachya suttya russian jivanache eka vaishishtya asoo shakatat jyamule shahari rahivashanna biyane lavnyasathi aanee falzadanchi dekhbhal karnyasathi eka dirgh saptahant miloo shakato kaaran lamb russian hivalyapasun jaminivar gothate. lagwad karnyasathi puresha lamb rashtriy suttya naslyamule, anek niyokte tyanchya tyanchya visheshtah tyaa uddeshasathi atirikt sutty detat.
soviet unionmadhil samyavadachya patnane jaminichya khajgi malkikade parat jaane pahile. tevhapasoon bahutansh dachache khajgikaran karnyat aale aahe aanee aata suruvat gharanchya malakanchi sarvadhik sankhya asalela russia haah desh aahe. alikadchya varshant jivanmanachya vadhimule anek dacha malakanna tyanche vivekadhin utpann sudharananvar kharch karanyachi mubha midali. asha prakare, alikade bandhalele anek dache hii kayamswarupi nivassthan mhanoon vaparnyasathi yogya asaleli purnapane susajj ghare aahet. bajar-kendrit arthvyavasthene dachache rupantar malmattet kele, jee samanyatah tyachya malakachi samruddhi pratibimbit karate aanee sthavar malmatta bajarat muktapane vyapar keela jaau shakato.
rashiyatil shaharikaranat zapatyane vaadh jhalyamule, sadhya anek grameen ghare vatap mhanoon vaparnyasathi vikali jaat aahet. anek russian gavanmadhye aata () heey tatpurte rahivasi aahet. kahee gavanche purnapane dacha vasahatinmadhye rupantar jhaale aahe, tarr kahee junya dacha vasahati anekada adhik kayamswarupi nivassthanansarkhya disatat. gavat dacha kharedi karnyache fayade sahasa asey asatatah qamee kharch, jaast jameen kshetra aanee gharanmadhil mothe antar. tote samavisht asoo shakatatah qamee darjachya suvidha, qamee suraksha aanee samanyatah pravas karnyasathi durche antar.
sweeden.
landscronamadhye, killyachya parisarachya aaspas, sweedenchi pahili vatap udyane 1860 chya dashakat bhadepattivar upalabdh karoon denyat aalee, tyanantar 1895 madhye malmomadhye aanee 1904 madhye stockholm. sthanik adhikari annah lindhagen yaa samajik-lokshahi netya aanee samajatil uchch shrenitil mahilekadoon prerit hote, jyanni kopanheganmadhil vatap udyananna bhet dilee aanee tyanna tyancha anand jhaala. vatpachya baganchya upyuktatevar samarpit asalelya vishayavaril tichya pahilya pustakat tine lihileh kutumbasathi, jaminicha bhukhand haah eksandh bandh aahe, jithe kutumbatil serve sadasya samayik kamat aanee vishrantisathi bhetu shakatat. gharatil arund jagemule thakalele kautumbik vadil, khulya havet aaplya kutumbachi kalji ghenyat aanandit houu shakatat aanee jarr pruthvichya chhotya bhukhandane jivanavar vishesh swarasya dakhavale tarr jababdar vatoo shakatat.1917 chya februwari krantinantar russiala paratanyachya tyanchya tyanchya asatana, swaitzerlandmadhil nirvasanapasun stockholmmadhun gelyanantar, annah lindhagen, leninla bhetala asey mhatale jaate. tine tyache serve fayade darshavinyasathi tyala barnangenchya vatap udyanat aamantrit kele. matra, teela tyachi manjuri midali nahee. asha prakarchya kriyakalapanna lenin purnapane pratisad dett navhata. mateet ghuskhori karane mhanje varg sangharshatil rajkiy aalshipanachi jameen tayar karane. kamgaranni bagkamat vyagra rahoo naye, tarr tyanni swatahla sarvahara krantisathi samarpit kele pahije.
1921 madhye swedish federation auph lazer gardeningchi sthapana jhaali aanee aaj 26,000 hoon adhik vatap aanee lazer gardnersche pratinidhitva karate. sweedenmadhil sumare 275 sthanik sansthanmadhye heey sadasya sanghatit aahet. jameen sahasa sthanik sthanik bhadyane dilee jaate.
turkey.
turkimadhye olakhali jaanari vatap kinwa chhandyukt udyane (turkey "hobby bahseliri") bahseliri") dashkanantar kharokhar lokpriy jhaali. chhandyukt baag kinwa sendriya baag heey eka kshetra kinwa jameen aahe jithe bhajya aanee fale pikavali jaau shakatat. alikadchya varshant khoop lokpriy jhaleli chhandanchi udyane shahari jeevanat naisargik vatavaran pradan karatat. 
bahutek nagarpalikanni tayar keleli aanee varshik bhade shulk aakarun seva puravaleli chhand udyane aata anek lock bhajya aanee fale pikavanyasathi aanee nisargachya samparkat rahnyasathi vapartat. chhandyukt bagecha aakar aanee maticha prakar pradeshanusar badaloo shakato.
bhagpatrakadware chhandyukt udyanehi vikrisathi thewali jaau shakatat. yavyatirikt, tayar kelelya parsingmadhye, chhand udyan tyach prakare vastavik jaminivar nirdisht kele jaane aavashyak aahe.
united kingdam.
englandmadhil birminghamchya birminghamchya korivkamat heey shahar vatpane vedhalele disate, jyapaiki kahee aajahi astitvat aahet. gret somerfordchya wiltshire gavatil mahan somerford mukt udyane heey aanakhi eka june vatap sthal aahe. 1809 madhye raja george tisra yala lihilelya patranantar, rev stephen demenbrey (rajacha padari) yane rajala tyachya parishchya garibanchya fayadhyasathi, sahaa ekar jameen kayamswarupi samavisht kayadyatoon bajula thevanyas sangitale.
yaa samavesh kayadyannantar aanee samanya kayada 1876 nantar, garibanna vaiyaktik lagvadisathi upalabdh asaleli jameen mothya pramanat qamee jhaali. jaminichi garaj purn karnyasathi vatap kayada karnyat aala. kayada pratham laghu malki aanee vatap kayada 1908 madhye purnapane sanhitabaddha karnyat aala, nantar vatap kayada 1922 dware sudharit karnyat aala aanee tyanantar vatap kayada 1950 paryant vatap kayada keela gela.
kayadyannusar, sthanik pradhikaranane jaminichi "pureshi tartud" rakhane aavashyak aahe, samanyatah eka mothe vatap kshetra jeey nantar vaiyaktik rahivashansathi qamee bhadyane vatap udyananmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate. jaree 1965 pasoon vyaparasathi kathicha vapar bekaydeshir asala taree vatpachya aakaracha ullekh anekada chauras randmadhye keela jaato. bhade ekhadya vyaktine "vajavipane dene apekshit aahe" (1950) tyanusar nishchit kele jaate; 1997 madhye daha chauras rand kinwa bhukhandache sarasari bhade varshala 22 paund hote. februwari 2012 madhye brittonchya pahilya harit-niyantrit parishadene, bryton aanee hovne, jevha tyanni manak 250 ghanmeetarchya bhukhandache bhade varshik 110 paundparyant vadhavanyacha tyancha hetu sangitala tevha vaad nirman keela, anek lokanni asey suchavale qee heey paryavaraniy ajendyachya viruddha hote jyavar teey nivadoon aale hote. pratyek bhukhand chalis chauras rodpeksha jaast asoo shakat nahee, mhanje.eae. aanee bhukhanddharak aanee tyanchya kutumbachya vaparasathi (1922) fale kinwa bhajya kinwa bhukhanddharak aanee tyanchya kutumbachya vaparasathi fulanchya utpadanasathi vaparali gelee pahije. bhukhandancha achook aakar aanee gunavatta paribhashit keleli nahee. magani purn karnyasathi purese vatap karane heey parishadeche kartavya aahe. vatpatoon ekoon utpann 26.1 kotee paund hote aanee 1997 madhye ekoon kharch 84.4 kotee paund hota.
kalantarane bhukhandanchi ekoon sankhya khoop badalali aahe. aahe aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatila, vatap pranali garibanni khallelya tajya bhajyancha bahutansh puravatha karat asey. 1873 madhye 244,268 bhukhand hote aanee 1918 paryant sumare 1,500,000 bhukhand hote. 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat hii sankhya qamee jhaali, suruvat mahayuddhadarmyan mahayuddhadarmyan paryant vaadh jhalyanantar 1948 madhye ajunahi sumare 1,117,000 bhukhand hote. tevhapasoon hii sankhya qamee hott aahe, 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat 600,000 aanee 2009 paryant 300,000 paryant ghasarali aahe. 1969 chya thorp chaukashine ghasaranicha tapas keela aanee upalabdh jaminitil ghasaran, vadhati samruddhi aanee itar vishrantichya upkramanchi vaadh hii karane sangitali.
1970 chya dashakapasun "harit" samasyanmadhil vadhati ruchi, vatap bagkamatil swarsyala punarujjivit karate, tarr national society auph allotment andd lazer gardners (aine. ess. aii. ell. jee.) aanee scotlandmadhil scottish allotments andd garden society (sags) yanni vatap vaparkartyanchya vatine moheem suru thewali. tathapi, ghat honyacha darr keval mandavala gela, 1970 madheel 5,30,000 bhukhandanvarun 1977 madhye 497,000 paryant khalee aala, jaree tethe lakshaniy pratiksha yadee hotee. 1980 paryant vyajatil vaadh sampali hotee aanee 1997 paryant bhukhandanchi sankhya sumare 265,000 paryant ghasarali hotee, 13,000 aanee 44,000 rikt bhukhandanchya pratiksha yadisah. 2008 madhye 'daad guardian' neey nondavale qee 330,000 lock vatpakhali hote, tarr 100,000 pratiksha yadeet hote.
2006 madhye, london vidhansabhene niyukt kelelya ahavalat asey aadhalun aale qee rajdhanit magani sarvkaleen uchch patalivar asatana, uchch ghanatechya imaratimule nirman jhalela dabav jaminichya vatpache praman aanakhi qamee karat hota. shatkanushatke junya manner gardenchya vatpachya, hackney vikchya bhavishyavar 2012 unhali olympicchya vikasachya sambhavya parinamanchya virodhat samudayik mohimebaddal "daad guardian" vruttapatrane vrutt dile tevha yaa muddyachi aanakhi prasiddhi karnyat aalee. march 2008 madhye, aine. ess. aii. ell. jee. chey sachiv geoff stokes yanni dawa keela qee, vatap pradan karnyachya tyanchya kartvyat parishada apayashi tharat aahet. "arey, magani itaki jaast navhati tevha jameen vikali gelee. heey chaloo raheel kaaran vikasak aata khoopach lahan bagansah ghare bandhat aahet."sthanik sarkari sanghatnene margdarshak tattve jaaree karoon, vatap bhukhandanmadhil kamatarata bharoon kadhanyasathi vikaskanni jameen bajula thevanyachi aavashyakta vicharat ghenyas parishadanna sangitale aahe.
vatpasathi bajula thevalelya jaminichya ghatatya pravruttiviruddha, ann suraksha aanee hawaman badalachya samasyancha samna karnyasathi shaharanni adhik svayampurnatechya madhyamatoon ladha denyachi garaj aahe yabaddal jagrukta vadhane. vatap vadhavanyachi hii moheem annadhanyachya kimatinchya mahagaila, annadhanyachya mail qamee karanyachi ichcha aanee vikasit jagatil audhyogik kalanantarchya shaharanmadhye aanee shaharanmadhye jaminichi atirikt tartud hyannahi pratisad aahe. yapaiki kahee sankalpana tii tii middlesbrumadhil alikadil shahari krishi prakalpat haatee ghenyat aalya hotya.
1970 chya dashkatil lokpriy british durchitravani karyakram 'daad good life', jyamadhye upnagariy vatavaranat 'purnapane swayampurn' houn 'under sharyatitoon sutanyacha' prayatna prayatna jodpyacha samavesh hota, tyanni tyanchi uddishte sadhya karnyasathi vatpacha vapar keela.
united states.
sanyukt rajyanmadhye sthapan jhalelya anek samudayik udyananchi suruvat suruvat mahayuddhat 'vijay udyane' mhanoon jhaali aanee nantar tee samudayik udyananmadhye vikasit jhaali. yaa baganmadhil bhukhand anekada shaharakadoon bhadyane dile jaatat, jyachi suruvat nyayya bhukhandanpasun hote. paryavaran chalvalimule samudayik bagkamachi aavad vadhali aahe.

