tooad browning

todd browning (charles albert browning junier.12 julai 1880-6 aktoobar 1962) heey eka american chitrapat digdarshak, chitrapat abhineta, patkatha lekhak, dhvanimudrikakar aanee carnival sideshow aanee circus manoranjankar hote. tyanni 1915 teey 1939 darmyan vividh shailinche anek chitrapat digdarshit kele, parantu pramukhyane bhaypatansathi olakhale jaat hote aanee anekada vyapar vruttapatranmadhye tyanna chitrapatache eder alan poe mhanoon uddhrut kele gele.
browningchi karkird mook chitrapat aanee dhwani chitrapat yugat pasarali. dracula (1931), freaks (1932) aanee loane channy aanee precilla deane yanchyasobatchya tyanchya mook chitrapatanchya sahkaryache digdarshak mhanoon teey olakhale jaatat.
prarambhik jeevan.
charles albert browning, junier.charles albert aanee lydia browning yancha dusra mulga louisville, kentki yethe tyacha janm jhaala. charles albert ess. aar.eka vitamale, sutar aanee yantrakar", tyachya kutumbala madhyamvargiy aanee baptisma ghenare kutumb puravat asey. browning kaka, baseball starr piit "louisville slugger" browningne tyacha sanman pratishthit baseball batwar pradan keela.
circus, sideshow aanee wadeville.
lahanpanapasun browningla circus aanee carnivalche jeevan aavadate. vayachya 16 vya varshi aanee madhyamik shaala purn karnyapurvi, too eka pravas sarkasmadhye sameel honyasathi tyachya sampann kutumbapasoon door paloon gela.
suruvatila eka rustbout mhanoon niyukt, tyane lavkarach eka 'spieler' (sideshomadhye barker) mhanoon kaam karnyas suruvat kelee aanee 1901 paryant, vayachya 21 vya varshi, ohiyo aanee mississippy nadivaril boat manoranjanasathi ganee aanee nrutya dincharya sadar karat hota, tasech manhatton phair aanee carnival companysathi eka pratirupkar mhanoon kaam karat hota. browningne eka jiwant dafanvidhicha abhinay vikasit keela jyamadhye tyala 'jiwant sammohanit mrutdeh' mhanoon sambodhale gele aanee prasiddha ringling brothers sarksamvet jokar mhanoon sadar kele gele. nantar too tyachya chitrapatsrushtichya shodhanchi mahitee denyasathi yaa suruvatichya anubhavancha laabh gheil.
1906 madhye, 26 varshiy browning louiswillmadhye emee louis stevenshee kahee kalasathi lagn jhaale. tooad' browning ('tooad' haah mrutyucha german shabd aahe) heey vyavsayik naav swikarat, browningne aaplya patnila sodoon dile aanee too eka vaudevillion banala, tyane jadugarancha sahayyak aanee blackface comedian mhanoon comedian roy see. sobat 'daad lizard andd daad coon' navachya abhinayat mothya pramanavar pravas keela. johns. 1912 madhye prasiddha jhalelya 'daad world auph myrth' yaa chitrapatatil mutt andd jeff skechmadhye too vinodi kalakar charles murresobat disala hota.
chitrapat abhinetah 1909-1913.
1909 madhye, 13 varshe carnival aanee vadeville circuitsmadhye kaam kelyanantar, browning, vayachya 29 vya varshi, chitrapat abhinayakade valale.
vinodi chitrapat abhineta mhanoon browning kaam 1909 madhye suru jhaale jevha tyanni digdarshak aanee patkatha lekhak edward dylan yanchyasobat laghupatanmadhye kaam kele. ekoon, yapaiki 50 peksha jaast eka kinwa done-realerchya thappadbajichya nirmitimadhye browning kele gele. chitrapat itihaskar boris heinry yanche nirikshan aahe qee, "eka thappad abhineta mhanoon brouningcha anubhav chitrapat nirmate mhanoon tyachya karkirdit samavisht jhaala."dylan yanni nantar suruvatichya chitrapatansathi anek patkatha dilya jyaa browning digdarshit karnar hote. browningne tyachya suruvatichya abhinay karkirdit jyaa anek abhinetyansobat kaam kele, teey nantar tyachya swatachya chitrapatanmadhye disale, jyapaiki anekanni keystone polis digdarshak max senetsobat tyanchi prashikshanarthi seva bajavali, tyapaiki wallace bear, phorda sterling, polly moran, wheeler oakman, raymond griffith, kalla pasha, meey busch, wallace mcdonald aanee laura laa warney yancha samavesh hota.
1913 madhye, 33 varshiy browningla chitrapat digdarshak dii. doubleu. newyork shaharatil charitra studiomadhye griffith, pahilyanda 'senting aaa terror crime' (1913) madhye eka upkramkarta mhanoon disala. griffith aanee browning doghehi tyach varshi charitra aanee newyork sodoon gele aanee ekatra hollywood, california yetheel reliance-majestic studiomadhye sameel jhaale. daad wilde gerl' (1917) saha anek avalamban-bhavya chitrapatanmadhye browning dakhavale gele.
suruvatiche chitrapat digdarshan aanee patkatha lekhanh 1914-1916.
chitrapat itihaskar vivian sobchackne ahwal deela aahe qee "1914 teey 1916 yaa kalat anek eka kinwa done-realersche shrey browningla dile jaate" aanee charitrakar michael barron yanni browningchya digdarshanatil padarpanala march 1915 madhye pradarshit jhalelya eka-reeler natak 'daad lucky transfer' laa shrey dile aahe.
browningchi karkird jawaljawal sampali jevha tyane nashet aapale vahan railway crossingwar nele aanee eka locomotivela dhadak dilee. pravasi george sigmanpramanech browningla gambhir dukhapat jhaali. dusra pravasi, abhineta elmer boothcha tatkal mrutyu jhaala. chitrapat itihaskar johnn tolson namood karatat qee, "madyapanamule browningchya vaiyaktik jeevanat eka motha aaghat jhaala hota, joou tyachya vishayavaril vedala aakar deil...1915 nantar, browningne tyachya aaghatatmak anubhavala tyachya kamat nirdeshit karnyas suruvat kelee-yaa prakriyet tyala aamulagra aakar deela."charitrakar david jeey. yanchya matey. scall aanee elias sawada yaa dukkhad ghatanene browningchya sarjansheel drushtikonat badal kelah
kharey tarr, browningne 1920 teey 1939 darmyan lihilele aanee digdarshit kelele ektis chitrapat, kahee apavad vagalata, melodrama hote.
browningchya dukhapatimule kadachit abhineta mhanoon pudhil karkird thambali. tyachya pradirgh barey honyachya kalat, browningne avalamban-bhavyatesathi patkatha lihinyakade valale. barey jhalyanantar, browning 'asahishnuta' (1916) chya setwar griffithchya chitrapat dalat sahayyak digdarshak mhanoon sameel jhaale aanee nirmitichya 'aadhunik katha' drushyasathi thodya pramanat disale.
browningchya chitrapatanmadhil kathanak aanee sankalpana.
chitrapat itihaskar vivian sobchack chaar kathanak kinwa miss-aine-seane olakhato jyamadhye browning tyachya sankalpana sadar karatoh
yaa chitrapatanchya kathankatil saransh, tyanchya chitrapatanchya upcharanpasun swatantrapane vicharat ghetala jaato, too sankalpanet "hasyaspad" kinwa "vichitra" disato, asey sobchackne nidarshanas aanoon dile aahe. tathapi, tapkiri rangane samagri hatalalyane padadyavar shaktishali aanee trasdayak jaaniv nirman hote."
emm-jee-emm aanee sarvatrik yaa vishayansathi browningne lihilele aanee nirdeshit kelele melodrama heey 'naitik aanee laingik nirasha, paraspar badalnyayogya aparadhipana [aanee] manvi pratikar aanee aakarshanache namune' yaa vishayanmadhye tyachya 'saktichya' vyagrateche sutratmak prakatikaran aahet."charitrakar stuart rosenthal digdarshakachya shailiche aanee sankalpananche heey vishleshan sadar karatatah
rosenthal browningchya chitrapatanna chaar vishayavishayak shreni niyukt karatoh
vastav viruddha. asey swaroop jyamadhye ekhadya vyaktiche samajik bahya (sharirik saundarya, adhikar kinwa vyavsayik darjache aavaran) kroor kinwa gunhegari vartanache mukhavate mhanoon ughad kele jaatat.(udaa. "apavitra teen" "(1925), jethe purv purv aahe (1929)
laingik nirasha, jyat anekada 'pavitra' vadil-mool kinwa itar natesambandhancha samavesh asato jyamadhye 'purushachi santati tyachya swatachya laingikatechya vistaranche pratinidhitva karate', bahereel laingik apmananna sanrakshanatmak pratisad uttejit karate.(udaa. "daad road too mandale" (1926), "west auph zanzibar" (1928).
ekhadya vyaktimadhye virodhi pravruttincha sangharsh, jevha ekhadya vyaktimadhye aparivartaniy charitrya vaishishtye badaloo shakatat tevha olakh gamavanyas karanibhoot tharate. lekhak robbert louis stevenson yanche 'dow. jekil aanee shree. hyde yaa 'naan sodavata yenyajogya' nirashecha shodh gheto."(udaa. "kayadyachya baher" (1921), "daad blackbird" (1926).
aparadhipanachi jababdari sopavanyat asamarthata, jyamadhye eka patra anyayacha badala ghenyasathi hinsa kinwa gunhegari krutyancha avalamb karate aanee aparadhipana kinwa dosh sandigdha rahato.(udaa. "daad ananon" (1927), "freaks" (1932))
yaa serve vishayavishayak namunyanche ekikaran karnara ghatak mhanje nirashah "nirasha hii tapkiri ranganchi pramukh sankalpana aahe."
digdarshakah suruvatiche mook chitrapat, 1917-1919.
1917 madhye, browningne lalit qalaa/trikon chitrapat companyansathi 'jiim bluedo' haah tyacha pahila purn lambicha chitrapat lihila aanee digdarshit keela, jyat wilfred lukasne mukhya bhoomiket kaam kele. hii katha american yadavi yuddhadarmyan abraham linkenche majee vaiyaktik sachiv johnn heey yanchya kavitevar aadharit aahe.
browningne 1917 madhye tyachi dusari patni ellis watsonshee lagn kele; 1944 madhye tichya mrutyuparyant teey ekatra rahile.
1917 madhye newyorkla paratatana, metrochya chhayachitransathi nirdeshit chitre browning kelee. tithe tyane 'pegi, daad will oo' daad visp 'aanee' daad jurie auph fatt 'banavale. doghannihi mebel taliaferochi bhoomika sakarli, joou tyaa velchya abhootpurv duheri exposure tantransah sadhya kelelya duheri bhoomiket hota. chitrapat itihaskar vivian sobchack namood karatat qee yapaiki anek chitrapatanmadhye "nantarchya tapkiri chitrapatanmadhye chitrapatanmadhye veshbhusha aanee pratirupanancha samavesh hota."(khalee chitrapatalekhan pahaa.) browning 1918 madhye hollywoodmadhe paratale aanee metrosathi aanakhi teen chitrapatanchi nirmiti kelee, jyapaiki pratyekamadhye edith storeyne abhinay kelah 'daad aayaj auph mystery', 'daad leason auph death' aanee 'revenge', heey serve 1918 madhye chitrit aanee pradarshit jhaale. yaa suruvatichya aanee fayadeshir paach-, sahaa-aanee saat-reel vaishishtyanmule, vaishishtyanmule chya darmyan tayar kelelya browningne tyanna 'eka yashasvi digdarshak aanee patkatha lekhak' mhanoon sthapit kele."
1918 chya vasant rutumadhye browning metromadhun nighun gela aanee bluebird photoplay studio (carl lemlechya sarvatrik chitranchi upakampani) saha karar keela, nantar 1919 madhye universals jethe too precilla deane abhineet 'atyant yashasvi' chitrapatanchya malikeche digdarshan karnar hota.
sarvatrik studioh 1919-1923.
universalmadhil tyanchya karyakalat, browning yanni studiochya anek avval mahila kalakaranche digdarshan kele, tyapaiki edith roberts yanni 'daad nirnayak chumban' aanee 'seet free' (donhi 1918) aanee merrie mcclaren yanni 'daad unpented women', 'aii pakalya aun daad current' aanee 'boney, boney lassie', yaa 1919 chya serve nirmitimadhye kaam kele. browningchya sarvatrik chitrapatanmadhil sarvat ullekhaneey chitrapatanmadhye, tathapi, 'haard gearls' chya bhoomikesathi olakhali jaanari aanee jyanchyabarobar too nauu chitrapatanche digdarshan karnar hotee, asha 'universal' chee pramukh abhinetri precilla deanne abhinay keela.
precilla deane chitrapat.
browning pahile yashasvi deane chitra-eka 'netradipak melodrama'-'daad virgine auph stambaul' (1920) aahe. deanne sadichi bhoomika sakarli aahe, jee eka 'kumari bhikari mulgi' aahe, jee turkey sardar achmet hamid (wallace bear) laa havee asate. browningne majee thappadbaji vinodi bearla ekmet mhanoon hatalalyane abhinetyacha vinodi varsa aanee browningchi swatachi mule berleskmadhye ughad hotat. chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal yanni lihile aahe qee adhishthatachya vahanamadhye "asey assal vatavaran aahe jyadvare browningne tyachya gunhegari melodramanna prerit kele, jyamule" daad black burd "(1926)," daad shhow "(1927) aanee" daad apavitra three "yasarkhya nantarchya prayatnanmadhye aparimit bharr padali."(1925)."
adhishthatache chitrapat 'videshi' vatavaran aanee adholokatil gunhegari karvayambaddal browning aakarshan darshavtat, jeey tyachya chitrapatanchya kruteela chalana detat. deanla eka chor devata mhanoon chitrit kele jaate, joou 'utkrusht chor' (1919) madhye dagine choranyasathi uchch samajat ghusato; vasahatvadi french algiersmadhye seet kelelya 'done zendyankhali' (1922) madhye, deanla antahkaranache french-arab sadasya mhanoon chitrit kele jaate-tiche topananav 'cigaret-french paradeshi sainyala seva dene' aahe; aanee 'drifting' (1923) madhye, tyachya 'aakarshak' shangaisah, sarvatrik backlotwer chean drushye punha tayar kelee jaatat, deane afoo vikretyachi bhoomika sakarato. sarvatrik 'white tiger' yaa browningchya antim adhishthatachya vahanat, tyane bhramanachya 'ardh-natya' nirmitivar aapale aakarshan dakhavale-aanee chitrapat prekshakanna yaa fasavanukichi yantrana ughad kelee. asey kartana, jadugaranchya bandhutvacha majee sadasya asalelya browningne tyanchya vyavsayik aacharsanhitechya niyamache ullanghan kele.
sarvatrik deanmadheel chitrapatancha kadachit sarvat yogayogpurn parinam mhanje tyanni bhavishyatil sahkari loane channyla browningchi olakh karoon dilee, joou abhineta browningchya mook kalatil sarvat utkrusht chitrapatanmadhye kaam karnar hota. channy 1919 salatach tyachya universalmadhil kamasathi 'hazar 'hazar manus' hii topananav midavali hotee. universalche upadhyaksh irroving thalberg yanni 'daad vikad darling' (1919) yaa melodramamadhe prathamach channisobat browningchi jodee kelee, jyamadhye channy chor 'stoop' connorchi bhoomika sakarli hotee, joou eka garib muleela (adhishthata) zopadpattyanmadhun gunhegari aanee veshyavyavasayachya jeevanat bhag ghenyas bhag padato.
1921 madhye, browning aanee thalberg yanni channyla 'kayadyachya baher' asalelya dusarya adhishthatachya vahanat bharati kele, jyamadhye too dusht 'black mike' silva aanee paropkari aah wing yaa duheri bhoomika sakarato. hii donhi sarvatrik nirmiti, bhavgit aanee vichitra goshtinshi tapkiri rangache naisargik naate darshavtat."samikshakanche laksh vedhoon hiravoon eka vishesh prabhavat, channy tyachya swatachya duheri patra pratirupachi yukti chhayachitranachya madhyamatoon hatya kartana disato aanee" thalbergney tyanchya kalpanashil swatantryala pathimba dilyane, channychi kshamata aanee adviteey upasthitine browningchya vilakshan goshtimbaddalachya utkatatechya jwalanna uttejan dile."charitrakar stuart rosenthal browning-chenee vyavsayik samanvayachya payavar tippani karatatah
1925 madhye navyane ektrit kelelya metro-goldwyn-mayerberober nirmiti vyavasthapak mhanoon kaam karnyasathi thalbergney universalchya upadhyakshapadacha rajinama deela tevha browning aanee channy tyanchyabarobar hote.
emm-jee-emah 1925-1929 yethe browning-chenee sahyog.
1925 madhye nirmiti vyavasthapak iraving thalberg yanchya vidyamane emm. jee. emm. kadey gelyanantar, browning aanee channy yanni aath samikshak aanee vyavsayikdrushtya yashasvi chitrapat banavale, jeey tyanchya donhi mook chitrapat karkirdichya shikharavar aahet. browningne aathpaiki sahaa nirmitisathi katha lihilya kinwa saha-lihilya. emm-jee-emchya nauu chitranche shrey patkathalekhak waldemar young yanna dile jaate, tyanni tapkiri rangat prabhavipane kaam kele. emm-jee-emm madhye, browning haah chitrapat nirmate mhanoon tyachya kalatmak paripakvatela pohochala.
yaa emm-jee-emm nirmitinpaiki pahilya chitrapatane hollywoodmadheel eka pratibhavan chitrapat nirmate mhanoon browning sthapit kele aanee digdarshkavar channicha vyavsayik aanee vaiyaktik prabhav adhik khol kelah 'daad anholi three'.
"daad anholi three" (1925).
lekhak todd robbinschya circus kathet-brouningshee parichit eka vatavaran-gunhegari majee-sathidaranchi tighe aanee eka pickett dagine chorichi angathi tayar karate. tyanchya kriyakalapanmule hatya hote aanee eka nishpap bahinwalala fasavanyacha prayatna hoto. gunhegari chaukaditil done jann tyanchi manavata ughad karatat aanee tyanchi sutka kelee jaate; done jann hinsak nyayadvare nasht hotat.
apavitra teen' heey 'vichitra' (jaree, yethe, bhayanak nahee) melodramamadhil browningchya aanandache eka utkrusht udaharan aahe aanee browning aanee chanee tyanchya tyanantarchya sahkaryachi apeksha karatat ashee tyachi 'vikrut vaishishtye' aahet.
pradhyapak pratidhvani, eka sideshow ventriloquist aanee shrimati mhanoon loane channy duheri hote. "aajee" oo 'grady (eka cross-dressing pratidhvani), tolicha sutradhar. aajee/iko operationsathi samoril bajus bolanare popat paliv pranyanche dukan chalavatat. chitrapat samikshak alfried eaker namood karatat qee, 'channi' heey heey vyaktimatvache' sakhol bhavnene varnan karatat. channi kadhihi tyat guntalela nasato aanee eka ullekhaneey, bahuayami kamgiri karato."
harry earles, bahuli kutumbatil eka sadasya, midgate kalakar, haah hinsak aanee dusht twideleadychi bhoomika sakarato, joou aajicha lahan natoo, lahan viilii mhanoon disato. (aajee chhotya vilisela perambulatormadhye pohochavate.)
victor mcleasenla kamkuvat manacha herculus mhanoon chitrit kele jaate, joou circuscha balwan manus aahe joou satat tyachya tyachya tyache sharirik varchasva prasthapit karnyacha prayatna karato. herculusla aajee/pratidhvanicha tiraskar aahe, parantu too ventrilocvistchya "paliv prani" gorillamule ghabarato. too aajee oo 'gradycha javai aanee lahan vilicha pita mhanoon duheri hoto.
maee bushne sakarlela pickpocket rosey haah pratidhvanichya premacha vishay aahe aanee sahkari larsenist mhanoon teey paraspar prashansa karatat. tee aajichi mulgi/pratidhvani aanee lahan vilichi aaee mhanoon bhasavate.
paliv pranyanchya dukanat, gunhegari karyavahibaddal purnapane anbhidnya asalela hector "daad boob" mcdonald (matt muur) haah eka vichakshan bahindar kaam karato. roseyla haah "kamkuvat, saumya, saral, mehanati" manus aakarshak vatato.
aajee oo 'mally jevha police tapaskartyanna fasavanyasathi tichya' kutumb 'yaa khotya goshti tichya parlormadhye gola karate, tevha chitrapat prekshakanna maheet asate qee "aajee eka tolichi pramukh aanee ventriloquist asate, vadil moorkh herculus asatat, aaee chor asate, baal eka labad, lobhi (madhyamvargiy) aanee paliv prani asate...eka prachand gorilla."browning chitra eka" "vyangyatmak vikrutee" "aahe jee eka kutsit american aarogyala nasht karate aanee" "kathor aaroppatra" "sadar karate"...burjuva kutumbache."
chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal yanni 'apavitra teen' madheel madhyavarti vishay mhanoon mhanoon astitvavar niyantran thevanyachi kshamata' olakhali aahe. jyaa fasavanukichya yojnedware chor shrimant grahakanchi hatalani karatat, tyadvare circuschya bajuchya pradarshanachya aashraydatyanchi fasavanuk kelyapramane, tyanchi sampatti hiravoon hiravoon "shoshak" varr niyantran darshavateh pradhyapak aanee tyanchya ventrilocvistchya damine "nirashajanakpane bhole aanee navinyapurn" prekshakanche laksh vichalit kele kaaran pickpock rosey tyanna tyanchya pakitatoon mukt karate. browning shevati nyay denyasathi 'mansik niyantranacha' vapar karate. jevha bahindar hector nyayalayat bhoomika gheto, khunachya khotya aaropaviruddha tyachya bachavat saksh deto, tevha sudharit pratidhvani prativadila gup karnyasathi tyachi ichchhashakti lagoo karato aanee nirdosh saksh denyasathi tyachya aavajane shakticha vapar karato. jevha hector standvaroon utarato, tevha too tyachya vakilala sangato qee "teey mea bolat navhato. mea eka shabdahi bolalo nahee."ventrilocvistchi bhoomika purnapane spasht karnyasathi brouningmadhye brouningmadhye padarthancha sanch vaparla jaato.
chitrapat itihaskar robbin blin yane pratidhvanichya nyayalayin kabulijababachya mahattvavar tippani keleeh
daad anholi three' saha, browningne emm-jee-emla tikitbarivar aanee samikshatmak yash midvoon dile.
"daad mystic" (1925).
jevha loane channy digdarshak victor sjostrome brounings 'daad tower auph lies' (1925) banavat hota, tevha tyane 'daad mystic' yaa eyeleen pringle vahanache lekhan aanee digdarshan kele. chitrat emm-jee-emm varr tapkiri rung denya sarkhe anek vaishishtyapurn ghatak aaheth carnival, hungarian gypsy aanee seans heey vilakshan 'miss-aine-seane' pradan karatat, tarr melodramatic kathanakat gairvyavahar aanee fasavanuk yancha samavesh asato. eka american thug michael nash (conway tearle) haah pringlechya patra zarachya premat padlyanantar naitik vivek vikasit karato aanee browningchya 'sudharana aanee shiksha naan jhalelya gunhyanchya sankalpananshi susangat aahe."aanee heey jodape eka anandi ganana sadhya karate. browning, eka majee sideshow kalakar, tyachya chitrapat prekshakanna, gladys haletane sakarlelya bholya warshakadoon sampatti midvinyasathi kaam karnari bhramatmak banavat gosht ughad karato.
"dollar daun" (1925): 'daad mystic' nantar 'browning' aanee 'fasavanuk 'fasavanuk samavesh asalela aanakhi eka' crook melodrama 'haah truert nirmitisathi hota. jaine courthop aanee ethyl hiill yanchya kathevar aadharit 'dollar daun' madhye rooth roland aanee heinry bii heey kalakar aahet. walthall.
yaa "adhik paramparik" gunhegari chitrapatanantar, browning aanee chanee yanni mook kalatil tyanchya shevatchya chitrapatanchi suruvat kelee, "chitrapat itihasatil digdarshak aanee abhineta yanchyatil sarvat vichitra sahkarya; chitrapatanche parisar ghrunaspad hote."
"daad blackbird' (1926).
browning aanee channy heey tyanchya pudhil chitrapat 'daad blackbird' (1926) madhye punha ekatra aale, joou tyanchya sahkaryanmadhil sarvat 'netrahinpane aakarshak' chitrapatanpaiki eka hota.
browningne chunkhadi jilha gund danne tett (channy), urf 'blackbird' chee olakh karoon dilee, joou eka badalanari olakh nirman karato, sharirikdrushtya vikrut khrishchan missionary 'bishop'."tetcha kathit" "julha" "bhau haah eka vyaktimatva aahe jyacha vapar too veloveli polisanchya sanshayapasun vachanyasathi" "khrishchan changulpanachya khotya aavaranakhali" "karato-hii pratima kalya pakshyachya vyaktimatvashi purnapane viruddha aahe". chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal yanchya matey, "bishop mhanoon tetecha veshbhusha pramukhyane yashasvi hote kaaran bishapcha chehara itka vishvasarhpane eka sakhol aadhyatmik dukkh pratibimbit karato joou shirshak patrasathi (blackbird) purnapane paradeshi aahe."
gunhegarimadhye tetcha pratispardhi, 'gentlemen-thiff' bertram 'west end berty glade (owen muur, eka chunkhadi cabarey gayak, mademoisel fiffy lauren (renee edori) yachyashi premsambandhat adakato. heva vyakt karnara rajvat eka polisanchya hatyesathi bertila fasavanyacha prayatna karato, parantu bishapchya veshat asatana too apghatat pranghatkaritya jakhami hoto. tetchi patni, polly (doris lloyd) tichya patichi duheri olakh shodhate aanee 'blackbird' mhanoon tyachi bhoomika lapvoon tyacha sanman karate."sudharlela berty aanee tyacha priyakar fiffy vivahat ekatra aahet.
blackbirdpasoon bishapmadhye channynche kushal 'drut-badal' rupantaran-jeey 'shhow culture' chya paddhatinmadhye antarbhut aahe-chitrapat prekshakansamor 'spashtapane prakat' kele jaatat, jenekarun browning tyanna fasavanukit sahbhagi honyasathi aamantrit karate.
tapkiri rangane 'blackbird' madhye anek thappad ghatak samavisht kele jaatat. dorris lloyd, tetchi majee patni limehouse polychi bhoomika sakarat aahe, jyat tee fulanchi mulgi mhanoon drushyanmadhye tichi vinodi chaturai dakhavate aanee browning laimahausache madyapi heey 'berlesk cinemache' pracheen swaroop aahet."chitrapat itihaskar boris heinry sangatat qee," "danne tetchya bhoomikanmadhye (blackbird aanee bishop) asalelya loane channinchya done patranmadhil ladhaya, 1921 madheel abhineta-digdarshak max linderchya 'bii maay wife' madheel abhinayatoon prerit jhalya asavyat, tarr aashchary vatanar nahee"."
chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal yanni browningchya danne tett/blackbirdchya varnanabaddal sangitale qee, hii kitakanchi eka prajati aahe, jee uchchbhrupanachi kamatarata aahe, eka parjivi safai karmchari aahe, jee kshayala aahar dete aanee sahanubhootila patra nahee. chitrapat samikshak nikol brenez yanchya matey, mrutyunantar blackbird '[swatahpasun] vanchit aahe...tarr mug, mrutyu aata eka sunder lupt hott nahee, tarr eka bhayanak utsah door aahe."
jaree samikshakanni chanichya abhinayache kautuk kele asale, taree haah chitrapat tikitbarivar keval mafak pramanat yashasvi tharala.
"daad road too mandale" (1926).
browningchya 'daad road too mandale' chey konatehi sarvasamaveshak samkalin moolyankan samasyapradhan aahe. browning charitrakar alfried eaker yanchya matey mool saat reelcha fakt eka chhotasa bhag astitvat aahe. 1980 chya dashakat francemadhye sapadalelya 'vighatit aanee vighatit sthiteet' 16 miimii aavrutti tikoon aahe.
browningne patkathalekhak herman mankiwicz yanchyasobat lihilelya eka kathet, 'daad road too mandale' (lekhak rudyard kiplingchya 1890 chya kaviteshi sambandhit nahee), haah singapur veshyagruh sanchalak 'deed-aayad' singapur joou (loane chaane) yaa patravarun aala aahe. browningne swatah spasht keleh
heey chitra browningchya sarvat satatyapurn sankalpananpaiki eka shodhteh eka palakache jeey tyanchya swatachya santatidvare laingik adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane laingik adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane laingik adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane laingik adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane laingik adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane laingik adhikaravar thampane adhikaravar thampane thampane thampane thampane thampane vagatat. asha prakare, eka odipal katha sthapit kelee jaate, "eka katha jee browningchya kamavar varchasva gajavate" aanee samkalin samikshakanni tee mhanoon manyata dilee aahe.
jochi mulgi, rosemary (lois moran), jee aata tarun praudh aahe, tiche sangopan eka mathat jhaale aahe, jithe tichya vadilanni teela tiche kaka, vadil james (heinry bii. walthall). rosemary tichya aaee-vadilambaddal anbhidnya aahe; tee eka shuddha aanee durmil astitva jagate. veshyagruhacha rakhandar joou, tee lipic mhanoon kaam karate tyaa dukanala varanvar bhet deto. tyaa mulishi visangatpane maitri karnyachya tyachya prayatnanna tyachya vichitra swarupamule tiraskar hoto. joou tyachya mulishi badnami karnyasathi aanee tyachya white itihasachi sutka karnyasathi plastic shastrakriya karnyacha nirnay gheto. sudharana aanee tyache palakatva punha sthapit karnyachya tyachya bhavanchya vachanbaddhatevar vadil james yanna shanka aahe. jevha joche sahkari aanee gunhegaritil pratispardhi, edmiral herrington (owen muur) aanee inglish charley wing (kamiyama sajin), 'saat samudranchya kalya kolee' chey sadasya ghatanasthali disatat tevha sangharsh udbhavato. edmiral rosemaryla tee jithe kaam karate tyaa bajarat bhetato aanee lagech tichyashi bhidato; tyache gunhegari jeevan sodoon denyacha tyacha kharaa sankalp rosemarychi bhakti jinkato aanee lagnachi vyavastha kelee jaate. jevha joou yaa ghadamodincha shodh gheto, tevha tyachya 'laingik hatashanchi' sampoorn shakti ughad hote. tyachya niyantranatun sutanyachya tyachya mulichya prayatnanna hanoon padanyacha jocha prayatna rosemary tichya vadilanna chakoone bhosakun marto, jyamule too pranghatkaritya jakhami hoto. jevha maran pavnara joou tichya lagnala sammati deto aanee vadil james tyachya bhavavar antim sanskar karatat tevha hii shiksha prapt hote.
chitrapat samikshak alfried eaker yanche nirikshan aaheh 'daad road too mandale' haah dusht, popp-frudian, mook melodrama aahe. sudaivane, browning aanee channi heey doghehi yaa murkhpanachya yaa gachch avasthekade atyant utsahane jaatat."dharmik pratima samanyatah browningchya chitrapatanmadhye disatat", tyachya patranchya bhovati dharmik sahitya asate."browning, eka rajmistri, jochya rosemarypasoon naitik aliptatevar jore denyasathi khrishchan pratimashastracha vapar karato. charitrakar stuart rosenthal lihitatah
rosenthal pudhe mhanato, "tapkiri naykasathi dharm haah nirashecha eka atirikt zara aahe-aanakhi eka chook kelele vachan."
browning-chenichya serve sahyoganpramanech, 'daad road too mandale' haah chitrapat tikitbarivar fayadeshir tharala.
"london after midnite" (1927).
brouningcha 'daad road too mandale' (1926) haah chitrapat atishay kharab jhalelya 16 miimii sankshepi aavruttit astitvat aahe, tarr 'london after midnite' aata astitvat nahee asey manale jaate, 1965 madhye emm-jee-emm waltchya aagit nasht jhaleli shevatchi chhap.
"london after midnite' haah sangrahakartyandvare mothya pramanavar 'hollie grail' aanee 'mook yugatil sarvat jaast magani asalela aanee charcha kelela haravalela chitrapat' manla jaato."yaa chitrapatatil chitranvar aadharit eka tapshilvar chhayachitra punarrachana, turner classic chitrapatanchya rick schmidlinne 2002 madhye ektrit kelee hotee.
daad hypnotist' yaa browningchya swatachya kathevar aadharit, 'london after midnite' heey eka 'droing room murder mystery' aahe-tyache bhayanak aanee gothick vatavaran digdarshak robbert vienchya 1920 chya 'dow. kaligari ".
surr rogger balfour haah tyacha mitra surr james hamlin yachya malmattet mrutavasthet aadhalato. balforechya dokyala golee lagalyane jhaleli jakham swatahun jhaleli disate. scoatland yard nirikshak aanee prabhari nyayvaidhyak sanmohanshastradnya, "pradhyapak" edward see. berk (loane channi) laa gairprakarachya konatyahi batamya milat naheet aanee mrutyu aatmahatya manali jaate. paach varshe ulatoon gelee aahet aanee estatemadhil sadhyache rahivasi, ratri dalanancha pathlag kartana, cape aanee top topi ghataleli eka bhannat, fanged aakruti pahoon ghabartat. tyachyabarobar mrutdehasarkhi stree sathidar asate. ghuskhoranchi jodee mhanje veshdhari nirikshak burk, vampirechya veshat (channy dekhil sakarlela) aanee tyacha sahayyak, "luna, batt gerl" (edna tichenor). jevha bhaybhit rahivasi scotland yardla phone karatat, tevha inspector berk disato aanee balforeche prakaran hatya mhanoon ughadato. balforechya majee majee khunachi olakh shodhanyasathi vistrut bhram aanee sanmohanvadachya anuprayoganchi malika mandanyasathi berk tyachya duheri bhoomikecha vapar karato.
brouningcha 'murkhpanacha' kathanak haah eka munch aahe jyavar too jaduchya paddhati pradarshit karato aanee sanskruti darshavito, 'spirit theater' chya goodh chashmyanchi punarutpadan karato jeey adhisamanya madhyamatoon karya karnyas tayar aahet. browning chitrapatanche bhram yantrik munch upkaranadvare katekorpane chalavale jaatatah konatyahi yukti chhayachitranacha vapar keela jaat nahee. "bhram, sammohan aanee bhes" yancha vapar guptatechya ahankar aanee dhonganchi nakkal karnyasathi keela jaato, parantu pramukhyane natyamay parinamansathi aanee keval tyanna yuktya mhanoon ughad karnyasathi.
karnyasathi pakadalyanantar, brouningcha inspector berk/beaver topi ghatalela manus tyane kabulijbab kadhanyasathi vaparleli upkarane aanee tantre ughad karato, tarr patranchi-aanee chitrapatatil prekshakanchi-vareel ghatananvaril konatyahi alaukik prabhavachi paddhatshirpane nasadhus karato. chitrapat itihaskar stephany deakman aanee ekhard norror yanni sankshiptapane nirikshan kele aahe qee, "ekoon, browningchi paristhiti [madhyaratrinantar londons] yuktyanchi eka lamb malika mhanoon disate, jee sadar kelee jaate aanee spasht kelee jaate."
beaver topi asalela manus' nirman karnyasathi loane channycha makeup pauranik aahe. charitrakar alfried eaker lihitatah "channycha raktapishacha...too makeup artistecha anand asato aanee abhinetyacha narak asato. tyachya kalya dolhyanchya saketbhovati masemarichi taar valali, vedanadayakpane ghatale gelele, sharksarkhe daat eka bhayanak smit nirman karatat, varchya topikhali eka hasyaspad wig aanee aanee pankechya makeupne channyche kinky swaroop prapt kele. prabhav vadhavanyasathi, channey patrasathi eka chukichi, visangat chaal vikasit kelee."
madhyaratrinantar londonla sammishra samikshakancha pratisad midala, parantu tikitbarivar "$1,151,666.14 chya andajpatrakachya tulanet 1927 dollarmadhe $1,000,000 peksha jaast kamai kelee"."
"daad shhow" (1927).
1926 madhye, loane channy chitrapat nirmate george doubleu. yanchyasobat 'tail iit too daad marines' yaa chitrapatat vyast asatana. hiill, browning yanni yaa karyakramache digdarshan kele, "mook chitrapatanmadhun udayas aalelya sarvat vichitra nirmitinpaiki eka."(" "haah karyakram" "tyachya pudhil channys, 'dahashatiche utsav': 'adnyat' yaa vaishishtyachi apeksha karato".
patkatha lekhak waldemar young yanni lekhak charles tenny jackson yanchya 'daad day auph soles' madheel ghatkanvar aadharit hii paristhiti tayar kelee.
"haah karyakram" "tour-dii-force" "haah carnival sideshochya karyakramanchya darshanasathi browningchya pravruttiche pratyakshik aahe, jyat natya upkaran aanee tantrancha khulasa keela jaato jyamule heey bhram nirman hotat". chitrapat itihaskar mathyu soloman namood karato qee "heey tyachya 'loane channy' yaa chitrapatansathi vishisht nahee."kharokharach, yaa karyakramat emm-jee-emche done pramukh kalakar aaheth johnn gilbert, anaitik ballyhoo kombadi robbin mhanoon aanee renee edori tyachi tofgol premi, salomi mhanoon. abhineta leonel barrymorene narahatyechya greekchi bhoomika sakarli aahe. premal vishvasaghat, chhotya bhagacha shodh, hatya, hatyecha prayatna, kombadya robinchi naitik sutka aanee salomashy tyacha samet yaat kathanak aanee tyacha 'sacreen' shevat samavisht aahe.
brouningmadhye circuschya bajuchya naveen kalakrutinche eka pradarshan sadar kele jaate, jyat grahakanna tikite pohochavanyasathiche haat, baybalmadhil eka vyakticha (johnn daad baptist mhanoon gilbert), matsyangananchi ranee nepchuna (betty boyd), laingikdrushtya apriy zela (zalla zarana) ardhi-mahila aanee tichya jaalyavar basalelya arakida (edna tichenar, manvi kolee) yancha bhramniras karoon shirachhed karane samavisht aahe. browning shevati 'yukti kashee kelee jaate' heey ughad karate, chitrapat prekshakanna yantrik upkarane samajavun sangate-chitrapatachya carnivalchya aashraydatyanna nahee.
daad shhow' chee madhyavarti natyamay ghatana auskar wildchya 'salome' (1896) navachya 'jaduchya natak' yaa aanakhi eka sahityik krutitoon aalee aahe. brouningmadhye, sadomasochism aanee napunsakatvache prateek asalelya lurid shirachchhedavar edori heey salomiche adhyakshapad bhushavat, jokananchya baybalsambandhichya shirachhed (gilbertney sakarlelya) chey vistrut aanee kaljipurvak nrutyarachana kelele parshvachitran tayar kele aahe.
"daad shhow' laa samanyatah changle pratisad midale, parantu gilbertchya kaak robbin yaa apriy patramule manjuri bund karnyat aalee. browning aata 'daad ananon' (1927) yaa mook yugachya tyachya utkrusht krutisathi tayar hota.
"daad ananon" (1927): aaa silent erah shafe dii 'ovare.
"daad ananon' heey 'todd browning' aanee 'loane channy' sahyogache sarjansheel apoji aahe aanee teey shant yugatil tyanche sarvat utkrusht karya manale jaate. browningchya konatyahi mook chitranpeksha, tyala 'adnyat' madheel tyachya madhyavarti sankalpananpaiki eka purnapane samajateh sharirik vikruticha laingik nairashyashi sambandh.
circus kalakar "alonjo daad armless", eka gypsy chakoo fekanara, duheri apang mhanoon disato, tyachya payanni chakoo takto. tyachi vikrutee haah eka bhram aahe (eka dvigunit angatha vagalata), joou tyache nirogi haat bandhanyasathi aanee lapavanyasathi eka kappe ghaloon sadhya keela jaato. polisanni shodhalela saksham shareer asalela alonjo, shodhane aanee atak talhanyasathi yaa fasavanukit guntalela asato. yaa krutitil tyacha sahayyak nanon (johnn crofford) hyavar alonjoche gupt prem aahe. nanonche vadil heey apmanaspad (kadachit laingikdrushtya tase) ringmaster zanzi (nick dii ruiz) aahet aanee nanonne konatyahi purushachya aalinganabaddal rogshastriy tiraskar vikasit keela aahe. tichi bhavnik nishkriyata atyant ugra, balwan manus, malbar kinwa alonjo, tyachya chakoo fekanyachya kaushalyache aanee tyachya duheri angathyache prateek asalelya tyachya swatachya laingik kaushalyashi konatyahi laingik jivhalyala pratibandhit karate. jevha alonzo vadadarmyan zanzichi hatya karato, tevha nanon yaa narahatyecha sakshidar asato, joou tichya vadilanchya hallekhoracha fakt eka angatha shodhato.
browningchi laingik nirasha aanee sharirik angachhedan hii sankalpana akheris alonzochya pratikatmak napunsakatechya krutimadhye prakat hote; nanonsathi swatahla dhokadayak naan banavanyasathi (aanee dosharop karnara dvigunit angatha kadhoon taknyasathi), jenekarun tiche prem jinkata yeil, mhanoon too parwana nasalelya shalyachikitsakadvare swechhene tyache haat kapato. alonzochya balidanachi "bhayanak vidambana" hii browningchya kalpananmadhil sarvat ghrunaspad aanee tyachya "laingik nirasha aanee napunsakta" chya obaddhobad tapasanishi susangat aahe. jevha alonzo tyachya shastrakriyetun barah hoto, tevha too sarkasmadhye paratato aanee tyala kalate qee nanonne tichya laingik tiraskaravar maat kelee aahe aanee tyane majboot manus malbarshi (norman keerii) lagn kele aahe. malbarashi lagn karnyachya nanonchya vishvasghatabaddal alonzochya pratikriyechi prathamik kroorata swabhavik aahe. chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal lihitatah
badala ghenyachya alonzochya prayatnanmule 'grand gignol finale' madhye tyacha swatacha bhayanak mrutyu hoto.
"daad ananon' haah browning-chenee sahyogatil sarvat utkrusht aanee usheera mook chitrapat yugatil eka utkrusht kalakruti mhanoon mothya pramanavar olakhala jaato. chitrapat samikshak scott brogan 'adnyat' haah panth darja milanyas patra aahe, asey manatat."
"daad bigg ciity" (1928).
daad bigg ciity' yaa haravalelya chitrapatat loane channy, marcellin day aanee betty compson yanchya bhoomika aahet, jeey emm-jee-emm chitrapatatil tichya ekmev bhoomiketil aahet. browningne katha lihili aanee waldemar yangane patkatha lihili, "eka gund loane channi joou tyachya dagine chorichya mohimesathi veshbhushechya daginyanchya dukanacha front mhanoon vapar karato. eka pratispardhi tolishi sangharsh jhalyanantar, too aanee tyachi maitreen marcellin day reform karatat."
chitrapat itihaskar vivian sobchack yanni tippani kelee qee "mothe shahar" niteclubmadhil darodeshi sambandhit aahe, punha ekada, done choranmadhil shatrutva. yaveli channi tyapaiki fakt eka khelato-vakalela avyav kinwa kinwa konatyahi veshavina.'samikshak stuart rosenthal yanni' daad bigg ciity 'varr tippani keleeh..makeupshivay, channi eka vaishishtyapurn gundanchya bhoomiket aahe."
"daad bigg ciity" neey emm-jee-emm $387,000 napha kamavala.
"paschim zanzibar" (1928).
1928 madhye, browning aanee loane channy yanni chester emm. varr aadharit, zanzibarchya paschimes, tyanchya upantya sahkaryachi suruvat kelee. dii vonde natak 'kongo' (1926).
elliot jeey. chey drushya. clausen aanee waldemar young yanni channyla jadugar faroes aanee nantarchya paraplegic faroes, jyanna 'deed legg' asey topananav denyat aale, ashee duheri vaishishtye dilee."adnyat palak moolbhusha" chya badalamule, 'obsessive revenge' aanee 'psychological horror' yaa guntaguntichya kathanche natyarupikaran hote."charitrakar stuart rosenthal yanni chanichya chitrananvar hii nirikshane keleeh
parismadhye katha suru hote, jithe faroes yaa jadugarala tyachi patni annah (jackwellin gadsden) aanee tichi preyasi crain (leonel barrymore) yanni pakadale aahe. jevha crain tyala balkanitun dhakalate, tevha tyala ardhangvayu hoto tevha faroes apang hoto. annah aanee crain aafriket paloon gele. eka varshanantar, ann parat aalyache frosola kalate. tyala tyachi patni eka charchmadhye mrutavasthet aadhalate, tichya bajula eka navjat mulgi asate. too crainver aanee jyaa mulala too krainne sired keela aahe asey gruheet dharato tyaa mulavar, yaa donhincha suud ghenyachi shapath gheto. frosola maheet nasalele, mool pratyakshat tyachech aahe. rosenthal heey drushya vishesh ullekhasathi ekte mandatoh
athara varshannantar, apang faroes, jyanna aata mrut paay mhanatat, teey african vyapari chauki chalavatat. too sthanik jamatincha vapar karoon aanee saman japt karnyasathi sideshow yuktya aanee bhramancha vapar karoon krainchya hastidantanchya kamanchi guptapane shikar karato. anek varshanchya pratikshenantar, mrut paay tyachya 'bhayankar suud' sathee tayar hotatah eka dusht duheri hatya. too annachya muleela (merrie nolan) white veshyagruh aanee jiin milmadhun bolavato jithe tyane teela vadhavanyasathi sodale aahe. too crainla tyachya chaukila bhet denyasathi dekhil aamantrit karato jenekarun tyachi hastidant hastidant gunhegaranchi olakh ughad hoil. mrut payanni crainchi hatya karanyachi vyavastha kelee aahe, parantu too sthanik mrutyu sanhitecha vapar karel heey tyala kalavanyapurvi nahee, jyamadhye asey namood kele aahe qee "purushachya mrutyunantar tyachi patni kinwa mulacha mrutyu hoil."crain tyachya ghor gairsamajamule mrut payanchi khilli udavateh mazzy hii mrut payanchi mulgi aahe, tyachi nahee, eka mool aahe jyachi faroes parismadhye annasah garbhadharana kelee. mrut paay yaa batamiche mahatva samajoon ghenyapurvi crain marla jaato.
chitrapatachya charmotkarshat tyachya swatachya pranghatak yojanene suru kelelya paramparik fashichya shikshepasun tyachya swatachya santatila vachavanyasathi mrut payancha sangharsh samavisht aahe. mrut payanna akheris tyachya "bhayankar chukichya dishene kelelya sudbuddhichya karyache parinam bhogave lagatat."jyaa redemptive ghatkadvare browning-chenee farrow/mrut payanna bhagya dete, too rosenthalne nondavala aaheh jevha channyla kalate qee too jyaa mulicha vapar tyachya suud yojnamadhye pyada mhanoon karat aahe tee tyachi swatachi mulgi aahe tevha" "zanzibarchya paschimes" "tyachya mansik bhitichya shikharavar pohochate". mrut payanni tyachya karyachya nitimatvavar purn vishvas thevun suud ghenyache tyache dhyey haatee ghetale. aata too achanak tyachya swatachya aparadhachi jaaniv karoon deuun bharavun jaato. crain mhanoon barrymorene mool ullanghan kele heey konatyahi prakare tyaa aparadhbhavala qamee karat nahee."
mrut payanchi sharirik vikrutee tyala jaminivar rengalanyaparyant qamee karate aanee asha prakare pranyachi sthitee nirman hote."brouningcha camera sthan tyachya sapasarkhya" "sleethering" "varr jore deto aanee achanak sandarbhatil drushya chaukati badaloon tyachya pranyanche parivartan sthapit karato, jyamule darshak screenveril pranyachya samaan patalivar rahato, jyamule too tyakade asurakshit hoto, jhanjibarchya paschimes asalelya channychya [mrut payanchya] sleethering halchalinvar jore denyasathi [vaparale jaanare] jaanare] vishayachya samore majlyavaril patalivar camera zukavoon heey sadhya kele jaate"."chitrapat itihaskar stephany deakman aanee ekhard norror adhik samanyatah sangatat...browningchya chitrapatanmadhil prekshak kadhihi drushyadarshi rahoo shakat nahee; kinwa tyaeivaji, too tyachya drushyadarshi sthiteet kadhihi surakshit nasato..."
deakman aanee norror heey dekhil 'zanzibarchya paschimela' grand gignol paramparechya kshetrat thevatatah
sensorius harrisonchya motion picture trade journalne 'cess-pool' mhanoon darshavilele asoonahi, 'west auph zanzibar' neey tikitbarivar lokpriy yash midavale.
"jethe purv purv aahe" (1929).
browning aanee harry synclair drago yanchya kathetoon waldemar yangane rupantarit kelele, 'jethe purv purv aahe' heey shirshak rudyard kiplingchya 1889 chya 'daad ballad auph east andd west' yaa kavitechya suruvatichya aanee shevatchya shlokanmadhun ghetale aaheh 'oh! purv purv aahe aanee paschim paschim aahe aanee heey doghe kadhihi bhetanar naheet..."browningne" jethe purv purv aahe "yaa shabdacha vapar karane heey tyachya purvela eurocentric asalelya asalelya shatkachya suruvatichya kalat jahirat, sahitya aanee chitrapat) chitrakaletil tyachya ekach velee sadar kelelya chitrapatanchya sandarbhat aanee yaa meamscha mithak mhanoon tyanni kelela parichay yaa sandarbhat vidambanatmak aanee vidhvansak donhi aahe". chitrapat itihaskar stephen brand lihitat qee 'purvechi' eksandhata aanee antargat susangatata yavar bharr aachchadan sankalpananna balkat karnyasathi pashchatya nirikshakanni samanyatah yaa shlokacha vapar keela hota aanee keepling (bharatat bombay yethe janmalela aanee vadhalela) haah 'eka-aayami asanyapasun door hota' asey nidarshanas aanoon deto, jevha tyachya sahityik karyane 'vanshik aavashyakatechi dantkatha nasht kelee'.
charitrakar burned herzogenerath pudhe mhanatat qee, "virodhabhasatmakadrushtya, haah chitrapat purvela eka sarvatrik aanee eksandh astitva (" jethe purv purv aahe ") mhanoon aavashyak karato aanee tyala eka pashchatya mithak mhanoon punarbandhani karato jyamadhye rangeet [purush] kalpananshivay kahihi nahee."[mool bhashet cons aanee aavarane]
atishay ghrunaspad aadhar' aanee 'jethe purv purv aahe' yaa tyanchya mook yugachya shevatchya chitrapatasaha browning-chenichya sahkaryatil shevatcha chitrapat metro-goldwyn-meyarne british samrajyavadi kalpanaramya kalpanetil eka vasahatvadi natak mhanoon vikala hota."
"jethe purv purv aahe", heey 1920 chya suramya french indo-chinmadhye mandanyat aale aahe, jeey tyachya priy ardhyavaril chiinii muleela toyo (lupey velez) laa bobby "pandhara mulga" bellie, eka pashchatya davedar aanee circus malakacha mulga yachyashi lagn karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi mothya khelachya trapper "tiger" heins (chaane) chya hastakshepachya prayatnanshi sambandhit aahe. jevha bobby toyola paloon gelelya vaghapasoon vachavato tevha too shant hoto. ashiyai lubhavnari, maddam dii silva (estel teller), vaghachi majee patni aanee toyochi aaee-jine vaghane vadhavanyasathi aaplya balala sodoon dile-toyomadhun bobyla aakarshit karnyasathi aanee vaivahik aanandasathichya jodpyachya yojana nasht karnyasathi parat yete. wagh kathor karvai karato, eka gorilla sodato joou maddam dii silwala pathavato parantu vaghala pranghatkaritya jakhami karato. too toyo aanee bobbychya lagnacha sakshidar mhanoon barach kaal jagato.
eka pramukh kramamadhye, jyamadhye american bobby bellie (lloyd hugs), jyala 'white boy' asey topananav aahe, tyala ashiyai maddam dii silva (bobbychi mangetar toyachi aaee) yanni thodakyat mohale aahe, browning eka clitch-riden intertitle exchange sadar karate, jeey tyachya chitrapatatil vagnukimule khote tharate. chitrapat itihaskar stephen brand lihitatah "kiplingchya kavitechya samanya chukichya vachanat samavisht asalelya sandigdhateshi yethe browning khelate, tyachya american prekshakanna vasahatvadi bhashanachya vidyaman namunyanvar prashna vicharnyas aanee tyaa vichardharechya palikade bolalya nishkarshanvar yenyas protsahit karate. shashvat goodhvadachi bhoomi mhanoon purvelachi pranayramya aavrutti yethe eka eurocentric bhram mhanoon ughad jhaali aahe jyacha aapan balee padoo naye."
browningne aakarshak maddam dii silvache sadarikaran kele-jyache french shirshak tichya ashiyai moodapasoon vegale aahe-browningchya prathamik sankalpananpaiki eka parichay karoon deteh "vastavikta viruddha silva. disane ". rosenthal namood karatat qee "sharirik saundarya aachchadan vikrutata hii bhrashtacharala aachchadan aachchadan aadarbhavachya nehamichya tapkiri aadharasarkhich aahe. jethe purv purv aahe' yaat heey sootra vaparale jaate. vaghacha kateri chehara dayalupana, sanvedanshil aanee kayamswarupi pitrutvachya premacha khajina zakato. pann maddam dii silvachya vilakshan saundaryamage eka anakalaneey, dusht paddhat aanee nirdayi dvesh aahe."
jyaa pranyanchya pratimesah browningne "jethe purv purv aahe" asey guntavale aahe, tyaa pranyanchya pratimane loane channychya vaghanchya henschya varnanachi mahitee dilee, keval naav tyala "wagh shikari aanee swatah wagh" mhanoon olakhate."charitrakar stuart rosenthal yanni vaghanchya gavatanchya tapkiri-chanee varnanavar tippani kelee aaheh
browningchya 'daad ananon' (1927) madhye nayak alonjola ghodyane chiradoon thaar marlyapramane, 'jethe purv purv aahe' tethe 'prani vaghasathi [hensasathi] vinashache agent banatat."
dhwani chitrapatah 1929-1939.
jethe purv purv aahe' heey purn kelyanantar, emm-jee-emm, 'teravi khurchi' (1929) heey tyache pahile dhwani nirman karnyasathi tayar jhaale. chitrapat udhyogachya dhwani tantradnyanachya atulaneey sankramanala browningchya anukulatebabatcha prashna chitrapat itihaskaranmadhye vadgrast aahe.
charitrakar david scall aanee elias sawada yanni ahwal deela aahe qee browningne eka mook chitrapat digdarshak mhanoon tyache bhagya kamavale hote parantu tyachya pratibhela pratibhela chitranshi julavun ghenyat tyala mothya adachani aalya hotya."chitrapat samikshak vivian sobchack namood karatat qee, tyachya mook aanee dhwani asha donhi rachnanmadhye, 'browning' kathaaivaji drushyane suru hote 'aanee digdarshak edger jee. almarah "tyachya karkirdichya shevataparyant, browningne sanvad vaparane talhanyacha prayatna keela; tyala drushya parinam midvayache hote."charitrakar johnn tolson assa yuktivad karatat qee browningchya 1932 chya vichitra goshtinmadhun" "dhwani madhyamache purn niyantran asalela eka digdarshak, sanvadachya khalee eka samruddha up-majkoor ughad karnyasathi camera vaparnyas saksham aahe" "aanee chitrapat nirmatyanchya samanya mulyankanashi visangat asalyache disun yete".
browningchya dhvanichitrat 1939 madhye chitrapatsrushtitun nivrutt honyapurvi nauu vaishishtye aahet.
"terave adhyaksh" (1929).
brouningcha pahila dhwanipat, 'daad teravi cheear' haah 1916 saalee baired villerne kelelya 'droing room murder mystery' yaa rangbhumivaril natkavar aadharit aahe, jyache pahilyanda pahilyanda mook aavruttimadhye aanee nantar nantar dhwani punarnirmitimadhye rupantar karnyat aale.
kalkattyat kalkattyat yaa kathecha sambandh seansmadhye jhalelya done hatyanshi aahe. aahe pardafash karnyasathi bhram aanee fasavanuk kelee jaate.
conrad nagel, leela himes aanee margaret viturally hungarian-american belah lugosi yanchyasah emm-jee-emchya kahee sheersh kantrati kheladunchya kalakaranmadhye, mook chitrapatancha anubhavi aanee broadwaychya 'dracula' chaa taara (1924) browningne inspector delzantechi bhoomika sakaranyasathi soochibaddha keela hota, jevha loane chanene adyap bolanyache chitra suru karnyas nakar deela.
lugosibarobarchya tyachya teen sahkaryanpaiki pahilya, delzantchya bhoomikechi browningne hatalani kelee, tyachya 'dracula' (1931) madheel count draculachya bhagacha andaj vartavala. brouningmule lugosichya delzantela vichitra vilakshanata milate, jyat eka nitamb, tutaleli ingraji aanee mothya pramanat uchcharit bhuvaya, jyaa vaishishtyanmule lugosine vampireschya tyachya chitrapat bhoomikanmadhye prasiddha kele. chitrapat itihaskar alfried eaker tippani karatoh "gambhir vichitrata haah chitrapat, tyaa sankramankalin kalapasoon, mook pasoon dhvanichya naveen, prabhavi madhyamakade eka utpadan aahe. tyaa vichitratemule 'teravi khurchi' sarvottam swarupat tapkiri hott nahee."
"kayadyachya baher" (1930).
browningchya 1921 chya mook aavruttichya punarnirmitimadhye precilla deane aanee loane channy yanni duheri bhoomika sakarlya. "kayadyachya baher" gundanmadhil gunhegari shatrutvasandarbhat aahe. yaat edward jee. robbinson heey cobra collins mhanoon aanee merrie nolan heey tyachya moll conny madden mhanoon. chitrapat samikshak alfried eaker yanni tippani kelee qee browningchya punarnirmitila tulanene qamee pratisad midala."
"dracula' (1931): pahile bolanare bhaypat.
browningchya 'dracula' neey aadhunik bhaypat shailichi suruvat kelee aanee too tyacha ekmev 'kharaa bhaypat' aahe."aaj heey chitra browningchya done dhwani yugachya utkrusht kalakrutinpaiki pahile aahe, jeey keval tyachya" "vichitra" "(1932) chya pratispardhyanshi aahe". 1930 chya dashakat vampire aanee rakshas chitrapatanchi atyant fayadeshir nirmiti universal studiojchya halchalivar aadharit heey chitra aahe. browningne universalchya carl lemal juniorshee sampark sadhala. 1930 madhye bram stokerchya 1897 chya gothick bhaypat 'dracula' chee chitrapat aavrutti aayojit karnyasathi, jee purvi digdarshak eff. doubleu. 1922 madhye murnau.
copyrite ullanghanache khatale talhanyasathi, universalne haah chitrapat stokerchya kadambariaivaji hamilton deane aanee louis bromfieldchya melodramatic stage aavrutti 'dracula' (1924) varr aadharit karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
tyanantar browningchya mook 'daad anholi three' (1925) chya punarnirmitimadhye digdarshak jacq konvesobat tyacha pahila dhwani chitrapat purn karnara abhineta loane channy yala count draculachya bhoomikesathi nivadanyat aale. fuffusachya karkarogamule gambhirpane aajari asalelya channy yaa prakalpatoon lavkar maghar ghetali, jeey dirghakalin sahkari brouningsathi eka lakshaniy vaiyaktik aanee vyavsayik nuksan hote. dracula' chya chitrikaranadarmyan abhinetyacha mrutyu jhaala. belah lugosi yaa manchavaril navane disanari hungarian pravasi aanee abhinetri belah ferenk deso blasco hiney teen varshe yaa natkachya american nirmitimadhye count draculachi bhoomika yashasviritya sakarli hotee. chitrapat itihaskar david thomson yanchya matey, "jevha channy maran pavala tevha yaa chitrapatat lugosichi bhoomika asel heey gruheet dharale gele hote."
count draculache lugosiche chitran brouningdware sthapit vampire shailishi avibhajyapane jodalele aahe. chitrapat samikshak elizabeth bronfen yanni nirikshan kelyapramane, "chitrapat itihasatil browningchya draculachi kukhyati sarvat varr mhanje belah lugosi aanee tyachi bhoomika yanchyatil vilakshan olakh aahe."browningne patkan draculache kaay hoil heey sthapit kele-aanee belah lugosiche-" "sine kwa naun": "" camera varanvar draculachya sammohan najarevar laksh kendrit karato, jee tyachya vilakshan abhivyaktisaha tyacha chitrapatancha trademark bananar hotee "."chitrapat itihaskar elek charles yanche nirikshan aahe qee" aapan pahilyandach belah lugosila taad browningchya draculamadhye pahato...too jawaljawal thet thet pahato...browning prekshakanna tyaa prasiddha tivra aanee thet camera lugosi swarupanpaiki pahile pradan karate, eka najarechi shaili jee khristofar lii aanee lugosichya qamee anukarankartyandware varanvar nakkal kelee jaeel..."lugosine tyachya padadyavaril vyaktimatvacha pramukh" "abhijat purv european raktapishacha" "mhanoon sweekar keela aanee tyachya" "kalatmak varshache" "aashvasan dett tyachya tankmudranache swagat kele".
chitrapat samikshak elizabeth bronfen yanni ahwal deela aahe qee, chitrapat vidvananni patkathachya browningchya chitrapatavishayak vyakhyevar mothya pramanat teeka kelee aahe. puresha pramanat 'montage kinwa shaut/reverse shots', 'kathanakachi visangati' aanee 'chitrit rangbhumichi aathvan karoon denara' avishvasaniy sanvad 'hatalanyat apayashi tharalyabaddal brouningcha ullekh keela jaato."bronfen pudhe tikakaranchya takrarinchi nond karato qee browning heey pratishthit vampyric catalogchi drushya nond karnyat ayashasvi tharleh piditechya manevar jhalelya jakhama, taje rakt aat yene, count draculachya hrudayat pravesh karnara eka danda. shivay, marey kinwa raktapishache landge kinwa vatvaghalemadhye rupantar hott asalyachya konatyahi 'parivartan drushyanchi' kalpana kelee jaat nahee.
chitrapat samikshakanni yaa "kathit doshanna" yaa prakalpabaddal browningchya utsahacha abhav asalyache shrey dile aahe. draculachi malkin, meena sewardchi bhoomika bhoomika abhineta helen chandlerne tippani kelee qee chitrikaranadarmyan browning vegale disat hote aanee digdarshan chhayachitrakar carl friendver sodale.
bronfen sarvatrik sarvatrik ladalelya "aarthik nirbandhanvar" bharr deto, vishesh parinam kinwa jatil tantrik shotsasathi adhikrutata katekorpane maryadit karato aanee karyakshamta sudharanyasathi "anukramane shhoot" karnyasathi browningchi aavashyakta asalelya sthir sthir anukool asato. bronfen suchavatat qee browningchya swatachya vishayavishayak chintanmule tyala-yaat, 'pahile bolanare bhaypat'-drushya yuktyanpeksha bolalya bolalya shabdacha visheshadhikar denyas pravrutt kele asave.":
hii paristhiti vampire count draculachya englandmadhil paristhitiche anusaran karate, jithe too british uchch-madhyamvargiy sadasyanchi shikar karato, parantu tyala nemesis pradhyapak vanne helsing (edward vanne sloan) yacha samna karava lagato, jyanchyakade pureshi ichchhashakti aanee vampyrismche dnyan aahe. chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal tippani karatat qee "draculachi tapkiri aavrutti samanya patranmadhil sambandhanmadhye mool strotachi victorian aupcharikta rakhoon thevate. yaa vatavaranat gananedware vyakt keleli, naan thambanari dushtata hii victorian naitikatechya sarvat mothya bhitiche moort swaroop aahe."
chitrapatachya sthir aanee asthir gunavattebabat teeka hounahi 'dracula' madheel anek drushyancha vishesh ullekh jhaala aahe."draculachya transalvanian killyachi ganana karnyasathi tarun vakeel rainfieldla (dwite fry) eka dabyat nenyat aalela natyamay aanee bhayavah prarambhik kram haah chitratil sarvat jaast charcha aanee kautuk jhalelya drushyanpaiki eka aahe. carl friendchya abhivyaktivadi tantrala tyachya yashache shrey mothya pramanat dile jaate.
tyanchya guptanganmadhun guptanganmadhun uday aanee killyala sansarg prem lahan parjivi kitkandarmyan roopak samanata sthapit karnyasathi chitrapatatil suruvatichya kalat, brouningmadhye pranyanchya sangrahasah "eka aavadata upkaran" vaparale jaateh kolee, tantu aanee undeer. browningchya aadhichya chitrapatanpramane, 'dracula' hii '[bhramvadi] yuktyanchi lamb malika nahee, jee sadar kelee aanee spasht kelee gelee', tarr vampyrismla vaidnyanikdrushtya satyapit 'vastav' mhanoon sadar karnari chitrapat prabhavanchi eka upayojan aahe."
browningchya chitrapatachya kahee bhaganche sampadan sarvatrik sarvatrik kele asale taree dracula prachand yashasvi tharali. newyork shaharatil roxy theatermadhe pradarshit jhalelya 'dracula' neey 48 tasant 50,000 dollarschee kamai kelee aanee nairashyachya yugatil haah sarvatrik sarvat fayadeshir chitrapat hota. pradarshit jhalyanantar paach varshanni, tyane jagbharat daha laakh dollarspeksha jaast kamai kelee hotee. chitrapat samikshak dennis harvey lihitatah "draculachya prachand lokpriyatemule atyant anukool aarthik atinkhali aanee dirghakalin sahyogi, nirmiti pramukh iraving thalberg yanchya sanrakshanakhali, browning emm. jee. emm. kadey parat yene vegwan jhaale."
"iyern mann' (1931).
browningne universal studiosathi digdarshit kelelya teen dhwani chitrapatanpaiki shevatcha, 'iron mann' (1931) haah chitrapat samikshatmak sahityat mothya pramanat durlakshit keela jaato.
eka strine khalee utaravalelya sharirikdrushtya shaktishali purush mhanoon mushtiyoddhyavishayichi eka savadhgirichi katha" mhanoon varnan kelelya browningchya mushtiyuddha kathet samanyatah tyachya chitrapatanvar varchasva varchasva bhayanak ghatakancha abhav aahe. chitrapat itihaskar vivian sobchack yanche nirikshan aahe qee, "lohpurush, vishay aanee kathanakat, samanyatah browningchya itar kamache vaishishtyahin manale jaate."tathapi, vishayanshi nigadit heey chitra naitik aanee laingik nairashyachya paristhitit tyachya obaddhobad swarsyashi susangat satatya darshavate."
chitrapat samikshak legger grindon yanni charitrakar stuart rosenthal yanni olakhalya gelelya chaar "sahayyak sankalpanan" chaa hawala deela aaheh "satya lapavanare swaroop (visheshtah khalanayakacha mukhavata mhanoon sharirik saundarya), laingik nirasha, naykatil virodhi pravrutti jyaa anekada ahankar badalnyavar prakshepit kelya jaatat aanee shevati, aparadhi tharvanyat asamarthata."heey vishay lohmanvamadhye spasht aahet.
aul silent aun daad western front' (1930) yaa sarvatrik yuddhavirodhi sankalpanetil tyachya atyant yashasvi chitrapatatun padadyavar padarpan kelyanantar abhineta leey ires, halakya vajanachya mushtiyuddha vijetyachi bhoomika sakarato. yaa creeda-natakacha sambandh mulacha mitra aanee vyavasthapak george regan robbert armstrong aanee boxerchi vyabhichari patni gulab (jeane harlo) yanchyatil tyachya prem aanee nishthesathichya spardhet vijay midvinyasathichya sangharshashi aahe.
1931 chya 'dracula' yaa chitrapatatil chhayachitrakar carl friend yanchya prabhavakhali, 'abhivyakti sadhane mhanoon sampadan aanee rachana' yavar mothya pramanat avalambun rahnyaivaji, 'browning' sthir sthir door camera halchalinchya thalak vaparakade valale. iyern mann haah dhwani yugat pravesh karat asatana browningchya chitrapat shailitil haah "parivartan" pradarshit karato. legger grindon heey sarvatrik tapkirichya shevatchya chitrache moolyankan pradan karateh
jaree 'iyern mann' chee tikitbarivar kamai upalabdh nasali taree, tyachya yashache mojmap yaa chitrapatatun prerit done punarnirmitimadhye darshavile aaheh 'kahee gondus lock dhokadayak aahet' (1937) aanee 'iyern mann' (1950).
iyern mann' purn kelyanantar browning emm. jee. emm. studiomadhye paratala aanee tyachya karkirditil sarvat vadgrast chitrapat 'freaks' (1932) suru keela.
mahan krutih 'freaks' (1932).
sarvatrik staravar 'dracula' (1931) chya netradipak yashanantar, browning emm. jee. emm. studiomadhye paratale, udar kararachya mohat padale aanee nirmiti vyavasthapak iraving thalberg yanchya aashraysthanacha anand lutat hote. sarvatrik kshetratil tyachya alikadil yashachi punaravrutti honyachi apeksha karat, thalbergney todd robbinschya circus-theem asalelya katha 'spurse' (1926) varr aadharit brouningcha katha prastav swikarla.
studione haqq vikat ghetale aanee patkatha lekhak villis goldbeck aanee leone gorden yanna brounings patkatha vikasit karnyasathi soochibaddha kele. thalbergney purv-nirmitivar digdarshakashi jawalun sahkarya kele, parantu browningne studiochya studiochya hastakshepashivay chitrapatache serve pratyaksh chitrikaran purn kele. metro-goldwyn-meyarache adhyaksh, lui bii. mahapouranni yaa prakalpachya suruvatipasunach aanee chitrikaranadarmyan tyachi ghruna nondavali, parantu thalbergney chitrapat pudhe nenyasathi browningchya vatine yashasviritya hastakshep keela. jeey chitra samore aale teey browning 'sarvat kukhyat aanee vichitra melodrama' hote."
eka "naitikateche natak", "vichitra" heey eka murtipujak trapez kalakar cleopetra (olga backlanova) dware circus sideshow mijet hans (harry earles) chya kroor pralobhanbhovati kendrit aahe. tee aanee ticha priyakar, strongman herculus (heinry victor), tyacha laingik upman kelyanantar tyachya varshachya paishasathi chhotya kombadyanna thaar maranyachi yojana aakhtat. cleopetra aanee herculusla gambhir nyay midvoon, vichitra lokancha samuday hansanchya bachavasathi sanghatit hotoh purviche trapez saundarya shastrakriyedvare sideshow vichitramadhye rupantarit hote.
browningne mothya pramanat carnivalchya vichitra karyakramanmadhun ekatra aalelya kalakaranchya kalakaranchi yadee kelee-eka samuday aanee vatavaran jeey donhi digdarshak jawalun parichit hote. circusche vichitra lock natyamay aanee vinodi kheladu mhanoon kaam karatat, jeey kathechya vikasachya kendrasthani asatat aanee tyanchya sambandhit bajuchya karyakramanchya dincharyanmadhye naveenata mhanoon disat naheet.
browningchya kamatil done pramukh sankalpana-'laingik nirasha' aanee 'vastav viruddha vastav'. swaroop'-cleopetra aanee huns yanchyatil sharirik visangatimadhye antarbhut asalelya sangharshatun 'vichitra' madhye udayas yete.
mohak, paripakv, chatur aanee aatmavishvas' ashee cleopetrachi aavad jinkanyachi nirdosh hanschee aatm-bhramatmak kalpana tichya tiraskarala uttejan dete, tichya aakarshak sharirik aakarshananchya viruddha 'kroor laingik vinod' utpann karate. browning cleopetrachya antim gananesathi naitik tark pradan karate, tine hunsche bhagya shodhanyapurvi aanee tyala thaar marnyachya yojana aakhanyapurvi. chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal spasht karatoh
browning tyachya kamacha aanakhi eka moolbhut vishay sambodhit karatoh "aparadhipana niyukt karnyat asamarthata". jevha tee hansvar prem prem midgate kalakar fryadacha (dezzy earles) upman karate tevha vichitra lokancha samuday cleopetrachya nirnayala vilamb karato. tyanchi samajik ekata sanyamacha ishara dete, parantu jevha kombadyanvar hallah tivra hoto, tevha teey gunhegarala shiksha denyasathi eknishthapane vagatat. browning konatyahi aparadhipanachya vichitra goshtinchi nirdosh muktata karateh teey tyanchya sudbuddhichya krutimadhye "purnapane nyayya" aahet. stuart rosenthal yaa shikavaniche, browningchya samajik aadarshatil 'mukhya', varnan karatoh
vichitra" madheel tapkiri chitrapat shailichi mahitee german abhivyaktivadachya tattvandvare dilee jaate, jyat natyamay prabhavasathi "kyroscuro chhaya" saha damat mahitipatasarkhya vastavadache sanyojan kele jaate.
cleopetra aanee herculus heey hansche nirdayipane upman karatat assa vivah mejavanicha kram haah 'vichitra' aanee charitrakar vivian sobchack yanchya matey 'dhwani aanee pratimecha utkrusht namuna aanee garbhadharana aanee sakshatkaramadhye purnapane adviteey aahe."
jyaa antim kramamadhye vichitra lock tyancha "dhakkadayak" suud ghetat aanee cleopetrache bhavitavya ughad hote, too "konatyahi tapkiri chitrapeksha uchch-swaratil bhitichi sarvat nirantar patali sadhya karato."
"thalbergney janatesathi aaksheparh manale jaanare bhag kadhoon taknyasathi 30 minitanchya footagechi chhanani kelyanantarach 'freaks' chey sarvasadharan prakashan karnyat aale.
emm-jee-emm freekswar fayadeshir chitre banavanyacha brouningcha pradirgh itihas asala taree, jaree samikshakanni sammishra punaravalokne midavali, taree tikitbarivar too eka 'aapatti' tharala.
hollywood aasthapananmadhye eka vishvasarh chitrapat nirmate mhanoon browningchi pratishtha kalankit jhaali aanee 1939 nantar tyanni udhyogatoon nivrutt honyapurvi keval aanakhi chaar chitre purn kelee. charitrakar alfried ikarchya matey, "freaks", parinami, browningchi karkird sampali."
"phasta workers" (1933).
1932 madhye tyachya 'freaks' chya vyavsayik apayshanantar, johnn mcdermotchya 'revets' yaa natakache rupantar (manyata naan midalele) tayar karnyasathi aanee digdarshit karnyasathi browningla niyukt karnyat aale.
carl braun aanee laurence stallingschi 'phasta workers' chee patkatha parasparanchya, anekada vinodi, bevafaiche natyarup dete, jyat eka unch bandhkam kamgar aanee mohak gunner smith (johnn gilbert), tyacha sahkari aanee sahkari, bucker railey (robbert armstrong) aanee merrie (meey clark), eka aakarshak 'goaled digger' yancha samavesh asato, joou mahamandichya kalat aarthik aanee bhavnik sthairya shodhato. tapkiri rung serve vishayshastriy paddhati sahan karato jyaa samanyatah tyachya patranna prerit karatat. chitrapat itihaskar stuart rosenthal lihitatah
patranna tras denare vishvasaghat, upman aanee sudbuddhi aanee tyanchya vartanachi naitik vaidhata adyap nirakaran jhaleli nahee. browningchya dvidha manahsthitivar rosenthal tippani karatoh ekhadya vyaktila nyay milane ashakya aahe, jaree too nyayi asala taree, swatahvar gambhirpane raag naan aanata, 'phasta workers' haah brouningcha antim nindatmak shabd aahe. varvar pahata, goshti yogya tharvalya gelya aahet. gunner aanee bucker punha mitra aahet aanee ekatra konatyahi dhoort mahilechya barobariche aahet. tarihi gunner, jee vyakti sarvat doshi aahe, tee swatahla sarvat surakshit sthiteet shodhate, tarr mulat changlya hetune merila donhi purushanni nakarle aanee doshi tharavale."browningchya drushyadrushtya dahashat vyakt karnyachya kshamateche eka utkrusht udaharan-eka tantra jeey tyane mook yugat vikasit kele-jevha merila samajate qee too bucker, gunnerne pakadala gelela, tyacha hatyecha raag prakat karato.
metro-goldwyn-meyarne chitrapatachya nirmitichya andajpatrakasathi $525,000 vachanbaddha kele, jee tulanene chhotya vaishishtyasathi barich mothee rakkam hotee. akheris, emm. jee. emm. neey chitrapat pradarshit jhalyanantar keval $165,000 chee kamai nondavali, parinami chitrapatavar $360,000 chey nivval nuksan jhaale.
"marqa auph daad vampire' (1935).
browning tyachya 1935 chya 'marqa auph daad vampire' saha vampire-theem asalelya chitrat paratala. browningchya 1931 chya 'dracula' chey haqq asalelya sarvatrik studioshi kayadeshir ladhaicha dhoka patkarnyaivaji, tyane emm-jee-emsathi banavalelya aanee loane channy duheri bhoomiket kaam kelelya tyachya yashasvi mook yugachya 'london after midnite' (1927) chee punaravrutti nivadali.
marqa auph daad vampire' saha, browning 'london after madhyaratri' madhye vaparlya jaanarya katabaddalchya ghamandanusar aaheh eka tapaskarta aanee sammohankar eka khunacha 'vampire mascared' chya madhyamatoon pardafash karnyacha prayatna karato jenekarun tyachi kabulijbab ughad hoil. browning tyachya 1927 chya mook chitrapatapasun vichalit hoto, jyamadhye yethe guptaher, pradhyapak zelan (leonel barrymore), swatah laa duheri bhoomiket vampire mhanoon dakhvinyaivaji, khunacha sanshayit barren oto wonn zinden (jeane hersholt) yachee fasavanuk karnyasathi vistrut afava pasaravanyasathi pratibhavan thespianschya eka tolila kamavar thevato. belah lugosila gatatil pramukh raktapishachi bhoomika sakaranyasathi, count moro mhanoon soochibaddha karnyat aale hote.
browningchya carnival-theem asalelya chitrapatanche thet vanshaj mhanoon, browning chitrapat prekshakanna gothick pratimashastracha eka udar doses deteh "sammohan, fadfadnare vatvaghale, bhitidayak smashanbhoomi, aardaorda karnare avyav, padadyansarkhe jaad kobweb-aanee tyaa sarvanna purv european lokkathanchya aspasht tukadyanni ekatra bandhale jaate..."
asha prakare, 'marqa auph daad vampire' prekshakanna, keval chitrapatachya shevatchya minitant tyanchya vishvasarhatevar tivrapane gadaa aananyasathi, rangeet bhramanchya malikedware vampiresvishayichya tyanchya sanshayvadavaril avishvasala sthagit karnyas pravrutt karate. browningne paramparik kathankatil drushyanchi rachana kelee, kaaran too eka rangbhumi nirmiti karnar hota, parantu sampadan prakriyedvare sthir chhap naram kelee. alaukik drushye drushye drushyanmadhye, tapkiri rangane muktapane halnara camera vaparla. chitrapat itihaskar mathyu swayney yanni [vishesh] prabhavanche drushye pahili aahet...jyaa sthir drushyanmadhye chitrapatache kathanak aanee varnan ghadate, tyavar maat qaraa...chitrapatamadhye drushya tanav nirman hoto."
chhayachitrakar james wong howay yanchya prakash paddhatinni chitrapatala varnakrameey gunavatta dilee jee browningchya "avastavatechi bhavna" yanche kautuk karate.
samikshak stuart rosenthal lihitatah
"marqa auph daad vampire' heey tyachya prasiddha 'track shaut aun daad sidhee' sathee mothya pramanavar uddhrut kele jaate, jyamadhye count morah (belah lugosi) aanee tyachi mulgi luna (caroll boreland) eka bhavya sahalimadhye utaratat. tapkiri rangamule tyanchi pragati keetak aanee vishari kitkanchya pratimansah, vampiresathy drishyaman samatulya, kaaran teey udarnirvahachya shodhat tyanchya swatachya guptasthanatun baher padatat. rosenthal eka minitanchya kramache varnan karatoh
aanakhi eka ullekhaneey aanee "utkrushtaritya sampadit" drushyat, tapkiri rung lesbian-prerit moh prastut karato. count morah, vatvaghalachya swarupat, chandrala smashanbhumit bolavato jithe irene borotein (elizabeth alan) (hatya pidit surr carelchi mulgi), eka mansik aswasthata vaat pahat asate.) jevha raktapishachi chandra tichya piditela utsfurtapane mithee marto, tevha count moro drukdrushtine manyatene pahato. borlandcha chandra 'daad edams family' yaa durchitravani maliketil charitra morticiala prerit karel.
marqa auph daad vampire' sathiche dhwanimudran ullekhaneey aahe kaaran tyat suruvatichya aanee shevatchya shreyansah vyatirikt konatehi vadyavrund sangeet vaparale jaat nahee. jevha surel marg aikala jaato, tevha keval kheladundware pradan kele jaatat. dhwanimudran digdarshak dugglus shearerne pradan kelele dhwani prabhav chitrapatachya vatavaranat lakshaniy yogdan detat.
chitrapat itihaskar mathyu swayney lihitatah
jevha chitrapatanchya tapkiri rangane udatana pankhancha chandra manavat rupantarit hott asalyacha aashcharyakarak bhram nirman hoto tevha vampireschya astitvavishayicha khunacha avishvas ulatato tevha havamanatil 'koop-dii-grace' udbhavato. yaa kayadeshir davyacha sakshidar, tarkvadi barren oto, alaukik goshtinvar vishvas vishvas vyaktimadhye rupantarit hoto aanee sammohanane shevati tyacha bhau surr carrell yachya hatyechi kabuli deto.
vampireche chinh' yaa chitrapatachya shevatchya paach minitant, chitrapatgruhatil prekshakanna sampoorn chitrat asalelya 'natyamay sapala' chaa samna karava lagtoh chitrapatatil konatehi alaukik ghatak kharey nasatat-'vampires' heey keval fasavanukit guntalele abhinete asatat. aata count moro mhanoon patra nasaleli belah lugosi eka sahkari abhinetyala ghoshit karateh "tuu mallah pahilas qaa? mea konatyahi konatyahi raktapishachyahun motha hoto!"
"daad deville-doll' (1936).
yamadhye, tyachya karkirditil upantya chitrapat, browningne mook yugatil abhineta loane chanisobatchya tyachya sahkaryachi aathvan karoon denara eka chitrapat tayar keela, 'vichitra melodrama' daad deville-doll 'madhye.
abraham meritchya 'burn, diane, burn' (1932) yaa kadambarivar aadharit, garrett phorta, gaay endor aanee erich wonn strohem ('lobh' (1924) aanee 'moorkh bayka' (1922) yaa chitrapatanche digdarshak) yanchya yogdanane 'browning' karoon patkatha tayar karnyat aalee hotee aanee 'jaree tyache bhayanak kshan asale taree' freaks '(1932) sarkhe' daad deville-doll 'haah bhaypat nahee."
daad deville-doll' madhye, browningne tyachya 1925 chya 'apavitra teen' madhoon anek kathanak sadhane ghetali aahet.
paul lavond (leonel barrymore) yane tyachya aarthik chaar kelelya hatya aanee gandachya aaropakhali, 17 varshe devils betavar turungat ghalavali aahet. too aajari marcel (heinry bii.) yaa sahkari kaidyasah turungatoon paloon jaato. walthall). pranghatakpane aajari asalela shastradnya manavanna laghuchitra, sajeev kathputalyanmadhye rupantarit karnyasathi tyache gupt sootra ughad karato. marcelchi vidhva malita (rafaela otiano) hichyabarobar yutee karoon, sudbuddhine vaganara lavond teen 'apavitra' bankersna bhayankar suud denyasathi lahan jiwant bahulyanche sainya ughadato. charitrakar vivian sobchack kabool karato qee "jyaa parisarat sudbuddhicha cutt vishranti gheto teey parisar avishvasaniy aahe, parantu drushya sakshatkar itake aakarshak aahe qee aapan tarihi, agadi vishvasarh aanee aanee jagaat odhale jaato" aanee prekshakanna aathvan karoon deto qee "chitrapatat kahee vinodi drushye aahet..."
lavond mhanoon barrymorechi duheri bhoomika aanee bahuli dukanache malak, tyache cross-dressing vyaktimatva, vruddha maddam mandileep, heey 'daad anholi three' (1925) madheel 'loane channy' chya pradhyapak pratidhvani aanee tyachya 'transvestite' samkaksh 'aajee' oo 'grady, yaa popat dukanache malak yanchyasarkhech aahe.
 chitrapat samikshak stuart rosenthal yanni namood kele aahe qee kathanak sadhan mhanoon yaa varnanache punarvapar karane haah 'browningchya nayakanchya adalabadalakshamatecha aanakhi purava aahe, jeey serve samaan paristhiti dilyas samanpane karya kartil."
vishayanusar, 'daad deville-doll' hii 'apratyaksh' laingik nairashyachi eka aavrutti sadar karate. yethe, lavondchi mulgi lauren (maurin oo 'sulivan), tichya vadilanchya olakhipasoon anbhidnya aahe, tee tashich rahate. stuart rothenthal spasht karatoh
rosenthal 'daad deville-doll' aanee 'daad anholi three' (1925) yanchyatil aanakhi eka samantar gosht darshavitoho 'lavondchi tyachya mulibaddalchi chinta aanee tyachya adhikarancha gairavapar karnyas nakar dene haah tyala eka changla manus mhanoon chinhankit karato...jevha tyacha suud purn hoto, ["apavitra teenmadhye"] pratidhvanipramane, tevha lavond atyant hitkarak swabhav darshavito."
darshavito." praveen vapar aanee "laghuchitra" lokanna darshavinare ullekhaneey vishesh parinam heey trasdayak aanee aakarshak donhi aahet, jeey "vilakshan kaushalyane nirdeshit aahet."
chitrapat itihaskar stephany deakman aanee ekhard norror yanni ahwal deela aahe qee browning 'vichitra, vikrut aanee vikrut' aanee french grand gignolchya paramparanshi asalele aakarshan aanee bahuli-vede shastradnya matilachi bhoomika sakarnari abhinetri rafael otiano yancha thet sambandh aahe. daad deville-doll' madheel tichya sahayyak bhoomikepurvi, tine 'eka bhavya gignol kalakar mhanoon eka pratishthit karkird aanandit kelee."
daad deville-doll' purn jhalyanantar lagechach, emm. jee. emm. irving thalberg yetheel browning margdarshak vayachya 37 vya varshi maran pavale. browningla yaa chitrapatasathi konatehi screen credit midale nahee. tyachya 'mirecles phaur seela' (1939) yaa shevatchya chitrapatachya done varshe aadhi haah chitrapat pradarshit jhaala.
"vikrisathi chamatkar" (1939).
"mirecles phaur seela' (1939) haah 1917 madhye tyane digdarshan karnyas suruvat kelyapasoon sarvatrik aanee emm-jee-emm studiosathi banavalelya 46 chitrapatanpaiki shevatcha chitrapat hota.
1936 madhye 'daad deville-doll' purn kelyanantar browningchi karkird done varshe rakhadali hotee.
1939 madhye, tyala clayton rossonchya lock-room mystery, 'death fraum aaa top hatt' (1938) chey rupantar karnyache kaam denyat aale.
robbert young haah 'adbhut morgan', eka jadugar aanee 'jaduchya pradarshanachya upkaranancha puravathadar' mhanoon disato."florence tandul judie barkleychi bhoomika bajavato. yamadhye, tyache chitrapatatil "huns gaane", "browning" heey banavat adhyatmavad, jaaduchi krutye aanee veshbhushedvare honare parivartan yaa utkat, parichit sankalpananvar punha ekada bhashya karate..."aanee, bhramachya qalaa aanee" "natya jaduchya kshetra" "chya browningchya jawaljawal serve shodhanpramanech, tyachya denoma rahasyamay hatyesathi" "eka adharmik upay" "pradan karatat".
"vikrisathi chamatkar' eka dhakkadayak kramane suru hoto jyamadhye 'kambarechya khalee angachhed darshavinara eka graphik bhram samavisht asato."chitrapat samikshak stuart rosenthal lihitatah
chitrapatachya suruvatila haah 'prerit dhakka' asoonahi, 'vikrisathi chamatkar' haah browningchya dhvanicha sarvat 'studio baddh' aahe aanee chitrapat samikshak stuart rosenhaal yanchya matey 'browningchi ekmev nirmiti jee kharokharach emm-jee-emm studio nokarisarkhi disate..."
"mirecles phaur seela' neey tikitbarivar paise gamavale, aanee $297,000 guntavanukivar emm. jee. emm. laa fakt $39,000 parat kele. gambhir moolyamapan samanyatah sakaratmak hote.
1940 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant, 'glamour aanee pratishtha' midvanyasathi prayatnasheel asalelya hollywoodmadhe browningchya bhayanak sanvedananche aata swagat kele jaat navhate."chamatkar vikrisathi pradarshit jhalyanantar nirmata carrie willsonne emm-jee-emvar browning sankshiptapane bund kele aanee digdarshakachya swatachya vruttanusar chitrapat nirmate mhanoon hollywoodmadhun" blackball "kele gele. stephany deakman aanee ekhard norror browningchya antim chitrapat prayatnanche heey moolyankan detatah
chitrapat itihaskar alfried eaker pudhe mhanatat qee, "vikrisathi chamatkar" chee sampoorn rachana hii eka bhram aahe, jyamule digdarshakasathi tee eka utkrusht padada aahe..."
browningne adhunmadhun emm-jee-emla patkatha deu kelee, parantu akheris chitrapat udhyogapasun purnapane vegale jhaale aanee 1942 madhye teey californiatil malibu yetheel tyanchya gharee nivrutt jhaale.
shevatchi varshe aanee mrutyu.
browningchi patni ellis 1944 madhye pneumoniamule jhalelya guntaguntimule maran pavali, jyamule too tyachya malibu malibu vishrantigruhat ekta rahila. toparyant browning heey hollywood aasthapanepasun itake vegale jhaale hote qee 'variety' neey tyaa varshi chukun brouningsathi eka shoksandesh prakashit keela, jyamule tyachya jodidarachya mrutyucha gondhal majee digdarshakachya mrutyupramane jhaala.
1949 madhye, amerikechya directors gildney browningla aajivan sadasyatva dile; tyachya mrutyuchya velee, browningchya keval chaar chaar haah sanman swikarla hota.
browning, joou aata vidhur aahe, jawaljawal 20 varshe alipta rahila ", eka madyapi avivahit."1962 madhye tyanna swarayantra karkarog jhalyache nidan jhaale. hii sthitee sudharanyasathi kelelya shastrakriyemule too mook jhaala.
6 aktoobar 1962 roji todd browning yanche tyanchya malibu yetheel gharee ektech nidhan jhaale. tyanna engelas-rosadel smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale aahe.
maranottar gambhir moolyankan.
vivian sobchack "...browningla kadhikadhi cinemachi eder alan poe mhatale jaat asey aanee ativastavadyanni tyache khoop kautuk kele. browningchi nirmiti hii arthatach eka vyavsayik chitrapatahi hotee. chitrapat vinodi aanee karunecha eka manus suchavatat, jyala sharirik vikrutee aanee vilakshan aanee vilakshan goshtimbaddalache gadad aanee udas aakarshan hote, aanee tarihi tyane jivanatil vichitrata nishpaksh vastunishthatene aanee kahee anandane pahili. eka dakshinekadil joou circus gheuun paloon gela; eka majee vaudevillion aanee jadugar jyane chitrapat nirmate honyapurvi jagacha pravas keela, eka [sahityik] saundaryapradnya aanee bear pinara, sarvat mahattvache mhanje eka kathakar, browning haah kavee aanee vyavhariktavadi donhi hota."
alfried ikarah "qamee antardrashtipurna samikshakanni swatahlach nirash kele aahe, jeey samkalin karamanukichya mankannusar tyaa manasache aanee tyachya karyache moolyankan karatat kinwa mahan sahanubhootishil kalakaravar shoshanacha aaropahi karatat. browningchi sthitee ajunahi qamee aahe. tyanna kinwa tyanchya konatyahi chitrapatala konatyahi mothya chitrapat manyata kinwa sanrakshn sansthekadun ekahi sanman midalela nahee."
stuart rosenthalah "jaree konatyahi lekhakache kaam varanvar vishisht vichar aanee kalpananvar jore dett asale, taree kahee vishisht vishayanchya shodhat browning itake aakramak aanee avirat asate qee too tyanchyavar majjatantukiyadrushtya sthir asalyache disate. too apariharyapane naitik aanee laingik nairashyachya paristhitikade aakarshit hoto...[topi vegale padate, tyache chitrapatanmadhye chitrapatanmadhye vikrut pranyambaddalche tyache asamanya aakarshan-eka aakarshan jeey nehmich purnapane bauddhik nasate aanee jyamadhye too atyant anand gheto."

