
dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. adhikar

dakshin aafriketil lesbian, geey, bisexual aanee transgender (ell. jee. bii. tii.) lokanna ell. jee. bii. tii. nasalelya lokansarkhech kayadeshir adhikar aahet. ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanchya manavadhikarambabat dakshin aafrikecha eka guntagunticha aanee vaividhyapurn itihas aahe. 4, 00, 000-20 lakhanhun adhik lesbian, geey, bisexual, transgender aanee aantarlingi dakshin africi lokanchi kayadeshir aanee samajik sthitee paramparik dakshin africi naitikta, vasahatvad aanee varnabhed aanee manavadhikar chalvaliche dirghakalin parinam yanchya sanyojanamule prabhavit jhaali aahe.
dakshin aafrikechi varnabhedanantarchi sanvidhan laingik pravruttivar aadharit bhedbhavavar bandee ghalanari jagatil pahili ghatana hotee aanee samalingi vivahala kayadeshir manyata denara dakshin africa haah jagatil pachva desh hota. samalingi vivahala kayadeshir manyata denara dakshin africa haah aafriketil ekmev desh aahe. samalingi jodapi sanyuktapane mule dattak gheu shakatat aanee aay. vhee. eff. aanee surrogacy upcharanchi vyavastha dekhil karoo shakatat. ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanna rojgaratil bhedbhav, vastoo aanee sevanchi tartud aanee itar anek kshetranpasun ghatanatmak aanee vaidhanik sanrakshn aahe.
tathapi, ell. jee. bii. tii. dakshin aafriketil lokanna, visheshtah pramukh shaharambaheril lokanna, samalingi hinsa (visheshtah sudharatmak balatkar) aanee etch. aay. vhee./eds sansargache uchch praman yasah kahee aavhanancha samna karava lagat aahe.
dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. chaa itihas.
aadhunik kalatil dakshin aafriketil vividh gatanmadhye samalaingikta aanee samalingi sambandhanchi nond karnyat aalee aahe. 18 vya shatkat, khoikhoi lokanni yaa sandnya olakhalya, jyacha arth dusya purushala laingikdrushtya swikaranara purush aanee jyacha sandarbh sahasa mitranmadhye samalingi hastamaithunacha asato. jaree kvachitach asale taree, guddwaratil sambhog aanee striyanmadhil laingik sambandh dekhil ghadale. bantu lock, visheshtah zulu, basotho, empondo aanee tsonga lokanchi, tarun purushanchi parampara hotee (zulu, sesothomadhye, empondomadhye "tinkonkana" aanee tsonga, jyala ingerjit "boy-wives" asehi mhanatat) jeey samanyatah mahilanche kapade ghalatat (agadi banavat stun paridhan karatat), swayampak karane aanee paanee aanee jaal lavane yasarkhi mahilanshi sambandhit kaame karatat aanee tyanchya mothya patishi (endebelli aanee sesothomadhye "numa" aanee empondo aanee tsongamadhye "neema") aantarkrural laingik sambandh thevatat. yavyatirikt, tyanna dadhi vadhavanyachi parvanagi navhati aanee kadhikadhi tyanna skhalan karanyachi parvanagi navhati. purushatva prapt jhalyavar, natesambandh tutatil aanee jarr tyachi ichcha asel tarr mulga-patni swatache 'incothen' gheu shakatat. heey natesambandh, jyanna 'khaan vivah' asehi mhanatat, kaaran teey khaan kamgaranmadhye samanya hote, teey 1950 chya dashkaparyant changle chaloo rahile. jaree kadhikadhi, trutiyapanthiy anubhavanchya sandarbhat, mulga-bayka yanchi charcha kelee jaat asali taree, tyanchi charcha sahasa samalingi natesambandh mhanoon kelee jaate.
swana lock aanee endebelle lokansah itar bantu lokanmadhye samalingi laingik krutyambaddal sweekruti kinwa udasinata dakhavanyachi parampara hotee. yaa samajanmadhye, samalaingikatekade vishamalingipanachya viruddha mhanoon pahile jaat navhate. purush aanee striya doghansobatahi laingik karyat sahbhagi honyache vyapak swatantrya hote.
isingkumomadhye, hii sandnya purushanshi laingik sambandh thevana stripurush samalingi purushanna kinwa trutiyapanthiy mahilanna sandarbhit karate, jaree doghe eksarkhe naheet. too purushalingi samalingi purushanna sandarbhit karato.
dakshin aafriket aitihasikdrushtya purushanmadhil laingik sambandhanvar bandee hotee, kaaran roman-dutch kayadyatoon varshane midalela 'samalingi sambandh' aanee 'anaisargik laingik gunha' haah samanya kayada gunha hota. 1969 madhye 'anaitikta kayada' madhye kelelya durustine purushanna jevha donpeksha jaast lock upasthit asatat tevha konatyahi kamuk vartanat sahbhagi honyas manai kelee. 1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakat, ell. jee. bii. tii. chee sakriyata hii deshatil anek manavadhikar chalvalinpaiki eka hotee, kahee gut keval ell. jee. bii. tii. hakkanshi sambandhit hote aanee itar gut vyapak manavadhikar mohimeche samarthan karat hote. 1994 madhye, purush samalingi vartanas kayadeshir manyata denyat aalee, mahila samalingi vartanook kadhihi bekaydeshir navhati (itar purvichya british vasahatinpramanech). kayadeshiratechya velee, ling kahihi asso, serve samalingi laingik vartanasathi sanmatiche vay 19 asey nishchit karnyat aale hote. meey 1996 madhye, dakshin aafrikechya sanvidhanachya kalam 9 (3) dware ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanna ghatanatmak sanrakshn denare dakshin africa heey jagatil pahile adhikarkshetra banale, jeey vansh, ling, laingik abhimukhata aanee itar karananvar bhedbhav karnyas parvanagi dett nahee. 16 december 2007 pasoon serve bhedbhavpurn tartudi aupcharikpane radd karnyat aalya aahet. yamadhye laingik pravruttichi parva naan karata 16 vya varshi sanmatiche samaan vay aanane aanee ling-tatasth atinmadhye paribhashit kelele serve laingik gunhe samavisht hote.
varnabhedache yug.
1948 teey 1994 paryant dakshin aafrikechya sattadhari rashtriy pakshantargat, samalaingikta haah saat varshanparyant turungvasachi shiksha houu shakanara gunha hota; yaa kayadyacha vapar dakshin aafriketil samalingi samudayachya karyakramanna aanee rajkiy karyakartyanna tras denyasathi aanee bekaydeshir tharvanyasathi keela jaat asey. janewari 1966 madhye, gauteng yetheel vann shaharatil eka mothya partivar vann shaharane kelelya chhapyamule samalingi aanee lesbian dakshin africi lokanvar aanakhi nirbandh ladale gele.
rajya sarkarne virodh keela asala taree, 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat anek dakshin africi samalingi haqq sanghatana sthapan jhalya. tathapi, 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant samalingi sanghatana anekada vanshik aadharavar aanee varnabhedachya mothya rajkiy prashnavar vibhagalya gelya hotya. madhya johannesburgmadhil hilbro jeelhyat sthit dakshin aafrikechi samalingi sanghatana (gassa) hii pramukhyane pandhya rangachi sanstha hotee, jee suruvatila varnabhedavar adhikrut bhoomika ghene talhat hotee, tarr rand samalingi sanghatana bahu-jaatiy hotee aanee varnabhedachya virodhat sthapan jhaali hotee. 20 vya shatkatil dakshin aafriketil sarvat pramukh sangitkaranpaiki eka asalele hubert du places heey abhimanane aanee ughadpane samalingi hote, tarihi teey rashtriy pakshache kattar samarthak hote aanee tyanni anek rashtravadi granthanchi rachana kelee. matra, too tyachya laingikatebaddal spashtavakta hota aanee 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, laingik sambandh kayadyanchya kadaktes virodh karnyasathi too sansadet hajar jhaala.
1987 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit, gassa aanee samalingi masik 'exit' neey hilbrosathi rashtriy pakshachya umedvar, leone dii bearla samarthan dile. yaa mohimemule varnabhedala ughadpane virodh karananya ell. jee. bii. tii. karyakartyanmadhye aanee naslelyanmadhye tanav nirman jhaala. dii bear haah samalingi hakkanna sambodhit karnara rashtriy pakshacha pahila umedvar hota aanee tyane tyachya 'exit' mohimesathi jahirat dilee. giryarohak samalingi samudayache heey samanya mutt hote qee tyanche mutt haah dii beearchya antim vijayatil nirnayak ghatak hota.
1960 teey 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant, dakshin aafrikechya sanrakshn dalane pandhya samalingi aanee lesbian sainikanna tyanchya laingik pravruttisathi ling punarnirdharan shastrakriyesah vividh vaidyakeey "upchar" karnyas bhag padale. dakshin aafrikechya sainyatil samalingi aanee lesbian sainikanna dilya jaananya vagnukicha shodh 2003 madhye 'rajyachi malmatta' yaa shirshakachya mahitipatat ghenyat aala hota.
lesbian aanee geey karyakartyanchya sanghatanesarkhya sanghatananni (olga) dakshin aafrikechya naveen sanvidhanat ell. jee. bii. tii. lokansathi sanrakshn samavisht karnyasathi african rashtriy congressobat kaam kele.
varnabhedanantarche yug.
1993 madhye, african rashtriy congressne, "hakkanchya vidheyakat", samalingi vivahanna kayadeshir manyata denyas manyata dilee aanee antarim sanvidhanane laingik pravruttichya aadhare bhedbhav karnyas bandee ghatali. ell. jee. bii. tii. dakshin aafrikechya lokanchya lobbing prayatnanmule, 1996 madhye manjur jhalelya naveen sanvidhanat yaa tartudi thevanyat aalya. parinami, dakshin africa haah tyachya sanvidhanatil laingik pravruttivar aadharit bhedbhavavar spashtapane bandee ghalanara jagatil pahila desh tharala. done varshannantar, dakshin aafrikechya ghatanatmak nyayalayane eka aitihasik prakaranat nikal deela qee, praudhanchya sammatine khajgiritya samalingi vartanavar bandee ghalanara kayada sanvidhanache ullanghan karato.
1994 madhye, adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya udghatan bhashanadarmyan, nelson mandelanni khaleel goshti sangitalyah
yujeen brockmanne tayar kelela dakshin aafrikecha samalingi abhimanacha dhwaj haah ell. jee. bii. tii. indradhanushya dhwaj aanee varnabhed yugachya samaptinantar 1994 madhye suru karnyat aalelya dakshin aafrikechya rashtriy dhvajacha sammishra prakar aahe. brokman mhanala, "mallah kharokhar vishvas aahe qee aamhi (ell. jee. bii. tii. samuday) aaplya indradhanushya rashtrat chamak aanato aanee haah dhwaj tyachech prateek aahe". dhvajachya ghoshit uddeshanmadhye dakshin aafriket kayadeshir samalingi vivah sajra karane aanee bhedbhav, samalingi dvesh, sudharatmak balatkar aanee dveshyukt gunhe yasarkhya samasyankade laksh dene yancha samavesh aahe. dhwaj heey samalingi abhimanache prateek aahe jyache uddisht dakshin africi deshache swatantrya aanee vividhata pratibimbit karane aanee ell. jee. bii. tii. dakshin africi asalyacha abhiman nirman karane heey aahe.
1998 madhye sansadene 'rojgar sambhag kayada' manjur keela. haah kayada dakshin aafriketil lokanna itar shreninmadhye laingik pravruttichya aadhare kamgar bhedbhavapasun sanrakshn deto. 2000 saalee, samanatela protsahan aanee anyaykarak bhedbhav pratibandh kayada suru jhalyanantar, sarvajanik nivas aanee sevanna ashach prakarche sanrakshn denyat aale.
december 2005 madhye, dakshin aafrikechya ghatanatmak nyayalayane nikal deela qee samaan lingachya lokanna jevha viruddha lingachya lokanna parvanagi dilee gelee tevha lagn karnyapasoon rokhane asanvaidhanik aahe aanee dakshin aafrikechya sansadela kayada manjur karnyasathi eka varsh dile jeey samalingi sambandhanna parvanagi deil. november 2006 madhye, rashtriy vidhansabhene samalingi nagri vivahala parvanagi denanya vidheykasathi, tasech avivahit viruddhalingi aanee samalingi jodpyansathi nagri bhagidarisathi matdan kele. tathapi, nagri sevak aanee padri samalingi sambandh prasthapit karnyas nakar deu shakatat. serve aii. aine. see. sadasyanni naveen kayadyache samarthan kele nahee. dakshin aafrikeche majee rashtradhyaksh jacob zuma heey tyachya sarvat spashtavakta virodhkanpaiki eka hote, 2006 madhye tyanni assa dawa keela hota qee "jevha mea motha hott hoto, tevha ungkinjili (samalingiche varnan karnari zulu sandnya) majhyasamor ubhi rahili nasati. mea tyala baher kadhato."zumachya ulat, tyacha uttaradhikari siril ramphosa haah ell. jee. bii. tii.-anukool manla jaato aanee ell. jee. bii. tii. lock aanee tyanchya hakkambabat tyachi sakaratmak nond aahe. 2017 madhye, ell. jee. bii. tii. itihas mahina sajra karnyasathi tyanni eka nondavalelya video klipmadhye mhatleh "aaplya deshat ell. jee. bii. tii. samuday sarvat asurakshit aanee upekshit samudayanpaiki eka aahe heey eka dukkhad satya aahe. tyanna bhedbhav, hinsa aanee gairvartanukicha samna karava lagato. eka rashtra mhanoon aapan aata jeey aahot tyapeksha changle kele pahije. aapan jase aahot tase aapan serve janmalo aahot. aapan ekmekanna pathimba deela pahije, alingan dile pahije aanee aadar keela pahije. jevha aapan ekmekanshi sanmanane vagato, tevha aapan sarvajan adhik sanmananiy hoto. jevha aapan ekmekanshi aadarane vagato, tevha aaplya sarvanna adhik aadar midato. adhik nyayya, samaan aanee surakshit samaj nirman karnyasathi yogdan dene heey aaplya sarvanvar aahe. pratyek dakshin africi vyaktine aapale kayade palanyasathi aanee dakshin aafriketil sarvanchya hakkanche rakshan karnyasathi swatahla, aapala samuday, aaplya sanstha aanee aapale sarkar jababdar dharale pahije."
2019 madhye siril ramphosane aaplya adhyakshiy udghatan bhashanat lesbian aanee samalingi lokancha samavesh keela, asey mhantah
samalingi laingik kriyakalapanchi kayadeshirata.
4 august 1997 roji, 'ess vhee camphor' chya prakaranat, uchch nyayalayachya cape prantiy vibhagane nikal deela qee samalingi sambandhancha samanya kayada gunha haah samanata aanee gopaniyatechya ghatanatmak hakkanshi visangat aahe aanee 27 april 1994 roji antarim sanvidhan lagoo jhaale tevha too gunha mhanoon astitvat navhata. katekorpane sangayache tarr, haah nirnay keval samalingi sambandhanchya gunhyala lagoo hoto aanee purushanmadhil laingik sambandhanna gunhegari tharvana itar kayadyanna lagoo hott nahee aanee too cape nyayalayachya adhikarkshetratil keval bandhankarak purvatahi hota. 8 meey 1998 roji, "samalingi aanee lesbian samanatesathi rashtriy yutee viruddha nyay mantri" yaa prakaranat, uchch nyayalayachya sthanik vibhagane assa nikal deela qee samalingi sambandh aanee "anaisargik laingik krutya karane", tasech "laingik gunhe kayadyache kalam 20aii" heey samanya-kayadyache gunhe asanvaidhanik hote. ghatanatmak nyayalayane tyach varshi 9 aktoobar roji yaa nirnayala dujora deela. 27 april 1994 roji antarim sanvidhan swikarlyapasun kelelya kayadyanna haah nirnay purvalakshi prabhavane lagoo jhaala.
purushanmadhil laingik sambandhanna gunhegari kararatoon vagaloonahi, 'laingik gunhegari kayadya' neey samalingi krutyansathi sanmatiche vay 19 hote, parantu vishamalingi krutyansathi keval 16 hote. 2007 madhye 'faujdari kayada (laingik gunhe aanee sambandhit baabee) durusti kayada' dware heey durust karnyat aale, jyane laingik gunhyanvaril kayadyala ling aanee abhimukhata tatasth atinmadhye sanhitabaddha kele aanee sanmatiche eksaman vay mhanoon 16 nishchit kele. 2008 madhye, jaree naveen kayada lagoo jhaala asala taree, "jeldenhues wii. sarvajanik khatala chalavanyachya rashtriy sanchalakachya" prakaranat purvichi asamanata asanvaidhanik ghoshit karnyat aalee, aanee 27 april 1994 pasoon haah nirnay punha purvalakshi prabhavane lagoo jhaala.
samalingi sambandhanchi manyata.
1 december 2005 roji, "gruh vyavhar mantri viruddha fauri" yaa prakaranat, ghatanatmak nyayalayane nirnay deela qee samalingi jodpyanna lagn karanyachi kshamata nakarane rajyasathi asanvaidhanik aahe aanee paristhiti sudharanyasathi sansadela eka varsh dile. 30 november 2006 roji, 'nagri sangh kayada' lagoo jhaala; tyache shirshak asoonahi tyat samalingi vivahanchi tartud aahe. yamule dakshin africa haah samalingi vivahala kayadeshir manyata denara jagatil pachva aanee aafriketil pahila desh banala. kharey tarr, haah kayada samalingi aanee viruddhalingi jodpyanna vivah karar karanyachi parvanagi deto aanee jodpyala tyanchya vivahala ektar vivah kinwa nagri bhagidari mhananyachi nivad karanyachi parvanagi deto. konatehi naav nivadle gele taree, kayadeshir parinam 'vivah kayadya' (jeey keval viruddhalingi vivahanna parvanagi dete) antargat asalelyasarkhech asatat.
samalingi vivah suru honyapurvi, nyayalayin nirnay aanee kayadyanni vividh vishisht hetunsathi kayamswarupi samalingi bhagidarila manyata dilee hotee, parantu deshantargat bhagidari nondanichi konatihi pranali navhati. nyayalayanni manyata dilelya kinwa vistarit kelelya adhikaranmadhye bhagidaranmadhil pathimbyache kartavya, sthalantar laabh, rojgar aanee nivruttivetan laabh, sanyukt dattak, krutrim garbhadhanadvare garbhadharana kelelya mulanche palakanche adhikar, jodidarachi nishkaljipane hatya kelee jaate tevha aadhar gamavanyacha dawa aanee ananubhavi varsa yancha samavesh hoto. kayadyane vadhavalelya adhikaranmadhye gharguti hinsacharapasun sanrakshn aanee kautumbik jababdarichya sutticha adhikar yancha samavesh aahe.
dattak ghene aanee palakatva.
uchch nyayalayachya anek nikalanni heey nishchit kele aahe qee mulanchya tabyat ghenyachya nirnayanmadhye palakanchi laingik pravrutti haah sambandhit muddah nahee. 2002 madhye, ghatanatmak nyayalayachya 'du toit wii. kalyan aanee loksankhya vikas mantri' yaa nikalamule samalingi bhagidaranna vivahit jodidaranpramanech dattak ghenyache adhikar midale, jyamule jodpyanna sanyuktapane mule dattak ghenyachi parvanagi midali aanee eka jodidarala dusyachya mulanna dattak ghenyachi parvanagi midali. tyanantar dattak kayadyachi jaaga 'baal kayada, 2005' neey ghetali aahe, joou jodidar aanee 'kayamswarupi gharguti jeevan-bhagidaritil bhagidar' yanna dattak ghenyas parvanagi deto.
1997 madhye, krutrim garbhadhan, jeey purvi vivahit mahilanparyant maryadit hote, lesbians avivahit mahilansathi kayadeshir karnyat aale. 2003 saalee, "jeey. vhee. mahasanchalak, gruh vyavhar vibhag" chya prakaranat, ghatanatmak nyayalayane nirnay deela qee lesbian jodpyala krutrim garbhadhanane janmalele mool vaidh manale pahije aanee joou jodidar jaivik palak navhata tyala naisargik palak mhanoon mananyacha aanee mulachya janm pramanpatravar nond karnyacha adhikar aahe.
november 2017 madhye, national assemblyne african khrishchan democratic partyche khasdar cherylene doodly yanni khajgi sadasya vidheyak mhanoon sadar kelela 2018 chaa 10 vaa kamgar kayada durusti kayada manjur keela. november 2018 madhye rashtradhyaksh siril ramaphosa yanni tyavar swakshari kelee hotee. haah kayada samalingi jodpyanna, tasech dattak ghenanya aanee surrogate palakanna palakanchi sutty ghenyachi parvanagi deto aanee mulacha janm jhalyavar kinwa dattak ghenyacha aadesh dilyavar vadilanna kiman 10 divasanchi pitrutva raja milel. done varshankhalil mulachya dattak palakanna salag done mahine aanee done aathvadyanchi dattak raja ghene dekhil yamule shakya hote. done dattak palak asalyas, tyanchyapaiki ekala dattak rajecha haqq aahe aanee dusyala 10 divasanchya palakanchya rajecha haqq aahe. surrogate matrutva kararamadhye palakanna niyukt karnyasathihi ashich tartud karnyat aalee aahe. 1 janewari 2019 roji haah kayada lagoo jhaala.
bhedbhav sanrakshn.
dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. hakkanche sanrakshn heey sanvidhanachya kalam 9 varr aadharit aahe, jeey ling, ling kinwa laingik pravruttichya aadhare bhedbhav karnyas manai karate aanee sarkari aanee khajgi pakshanna lagoo hote. ghatanatmak nyayalayane mhatale aahe qee yaa kalamacha arth trutiyapanthi lokanviruddha bhedbhav karnyas pratibandh karnara assa dekhil lavala pahije. ghatanatmak nyayalayachya nyayshastramule aanee sansadene adhiniyamit kelelya vividh kayadyanmule yaa ghatanatmak sanrakshananna balkati midali aahe.
2012 madhye, dakshin aafrikechya paramparik netyanchya congressne (contralesa) dakshin aafrikechya sanvidhanatun ell. jee. bii. tii. adhikar kadhoon takanyache aavahan karnara masuda dastaivaj dakhal keela. yaa gatane sanvidhanachya kalam 9 madhye sudharana karnyasathi rashtriy sabhechya ghatanatmak punaravalokan samitisamor prastav sadar keela. tyaa velee yaa samitiche adhyaksh khasdar sango patekile holomisa hote, jeey contralesache adhyaksh dekhil aahet. sattadhari african national congresschya sansadiy gatane haah prastav fetalala.
rajyaghatanene ling, ling kinwa laingik pravruttichya aadhare, mug teey sarkar kinwa khajgi pakshadvare kele gele asso, serve anuchit bhedbhav karnyas manai kelee aahe. 2000 saalee sansadene 'samanatela protsahan aanee anyaykarak bhedbhav pratibandh kayada' (pepuda) lagoo keela, joou ghatanatmak bandichi punaravrutti karato aanee khajgi pakshankadun honanya bhedbhavache nirakaran karnyasathi vishesh samanata nyayalaye sthapan karato. rojgar sambhag kayada, 1998" aanee "bhade gruhnirman kayada, 1999" anukrame rojgar aanee gruhnirmanatil bhedbhavas visheshtah pratibandhit karatat.
bhedbhavachya konatyahi nishiddha karananchya aadhare dveshyukt bhashan aanee chhalavar dekhil pepuda bandee ghalate. dakshin aafriket dveshyukt gunhyansathi vadhiv shikshechi aavashyakta asalela konatahi vaidhanik kayada nahee, parantu samalingi dveshamule prerit dvesh haah shikshemadhye vaadh karnara ghatak mhanoon nyayalayanni manla aahe.
dveshyukt gunhe aanee dveshyukt bhashan vidheyak pratibandh aanee tyancha samna karane.
dakshin aafrikechya sansadet pralambit asalele 'dveshyukt gunhe aanee dveshyukt bhashan vidheyak', vansh, ling olakh aanee laingik pravruttichya aadharavar dveshyukt gunhe aanee dveshyukt bhashanavar bandee ghalel. yaa vidheykavar aktoobar teey december 2016 darmyan sarvajanik sallamasalat karnyat aalee. heey vidheyak atishay aspasht hote aanee bhashan swatantryas dhoka nirman karat hote, dveshyukt bhashananshi sambandhit tartudi badalanyat aalya aanee aata asey lihile geleh "konatihi vyakti jee jaanunbujun prakashit karate, prachar karate kinwa konatyahi goshtiche samarthan karate kinwa eka kinwa adhik vyaktinshi asha prakare sanvad sadhate jyacha spasht hetu darshavinyasathi vajavipane arth lavala jaau shakato-(i) hanikarak aahe kinwa haanee pohochavanyasathi; kinwa (ii) dveshala protsahan dene kinwa prachar karane, khalilpaiki eka kinwa adhik karananvar aadharitah vay, albinism, janm, rung, sanskruti, apangatva, vanshik kinwa samajik mool, ling kinwa ling olakh, etch. aay. vhee. sthitee, bhasha, rashtriyatva, sthalantarit kinwa nirvasit sthitee, vyavasay kinwa vyapar, rajkiy sanlagnata kinwa dosharop, vansh, dharm kinwa ling, jyamadhye aantarlingi kinwa laingik pravrutti samavisht aahe. mantrimandalane march 2018 madhye yaa vidheykala manjuri dilee. aata teey kayada honyapurvi sansadechya donhi sabhagruhanna manjur karane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, 7 meey 2019 roji sansad visarjit jhalyavar heey vidheyak aapoaapach radd jhaale. tyanchya arthsankalpiy bhashanat nyay aanee sudharana seva mantri ronald lamola yanni vachan dile qee tyancha vibhag yaa vidheyakache punarujjivan karel aanee 2020 madhye kadhitari teey sansadet sadar karel.
manavadhikar karyakartyancha assa yuktivad aahe qee, hallah, hatya aanee balatkar karane aadhich bekaydeshir asale taree, dveshane prerit gunhyanche parinam samanya gunhyanpeksha adhik gambhir asane aavashyak aahe. yache kaaran asey qee, teey mhanatat, dveshyukt gunhe heey sampoorn samudayanna haanee pohochavanare 'sandesh gunhe' aahet. dveshyukt gunhe karyasamuhanusar, serve gunhyanpaiki eka trutiyanshahun adhik gunhe purvgrahane prerit aahet, tyapaiki bahutek gunhe piditechi vansh, rashtriyatva kinwa laingik pravrutti yavar aadharit aahet. dusarikade, anek kayadeshir tadnyanna vatate qee heey vidheyak asanvaidhanik aahe aanee abhivyakti swatantryas dhoka nirman karato. manavadhikar nirikshan vibhagane vidheyakachi bhasha aanee abhivyakti swatantryavar lakshaniy nirbandh ghalanyachya sambhavyatebaddal chinta vyakt kelee aahe. itaranni tyachi tulana 'samyavad dadapshahi kayada, 1950' shhee kelee aahe.
ell. jee. bii. tii. aay. samudayansathi rashtriy hastakshep dhoran.
august 2011 madhye, nyay vibhagane ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanvaril dveshyukt gunhyanchya samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi eka rashtriy karya pathak (aine. tii. tii.) sthapan kele. april 2014 madhye, nyay mantri jeff radebe yanni ling-aadharit hinsachar aanee samajatil sadasyanvaril ling-aadharit hinsachar hatalanyasathi aine. tii. tii. neey vikasit kelelya ell. jee. bii. tii. aay. samudayansathi rashtriy hastakshep dhoran suru kele. aine. tii. tii. neey tatadichi baab mhanoon naan sodavalelya faujdari prakarananna samore jaanyasathi jalad pratisad pathakachi sthapana kelee aahe aanee ell. jee. bii. tii. aay. vyaktimbaddal varanvar vicharale jaanare prashna asaleli mahitee pustika tayar kelee aahe. radebe mhanale qee nyay vibhagane dveshyukt gunhyansathi vishisht kayadeshir chaukatichi garaj manya kelee aanee heey prakaran sarvajanik charchechya adheen kele jaeel.
shalanmadhye gundgiri.
dakshin aafriket gundgirivirodhi vishisht kayada nahee. tathapi, 2011 chaa 'chhalapasun sanrakshn kayada 17' mulansah samalingi dvesh aanee chhalala balee padalelya serve piditanna vyapak dilasa deto. 2008 chya baal nyay kayada 75 chaa uddesh 21 varshankhalil mulanche punarvasan aanee samet karane haah aahe. vayanusar, pratyek khatalyachya tathyannusar, gundala hallah, dhamkavane, hatya, gairvartansheel narhatya, gunhegari ija, vanshik aanee samalingi dveshyukt apshabd, choree, malmattechi durbhavanapurna dukhapat aanee jaalpol yasah asankhya gunhegari krutyansathi gunhegaridrushtya jababdar dharale jaau shakate.
dakshin aafrikechya moolbhut shikshan vibhagachya matey, dakshin aafrikeche vidyarthi hii "jagatil sarvat jaast gundgiri keleli mule" aahet. aantarrashtriy ganeet aanee vidnyan abhyasatil kalavarun 2015 chya sarvekshanat, sahbhagi jhalelya iyatta 5 chya vidyarthyanpaiki 44 takke (vay 10-11) vidyarthyanna saptahik aanee 34 takke masik gundgiri kelee jaat asalyache nondavale gele. sarvekshan kelelya 38 deshanpaiki heey sarvadhik hote. sarvajanik shalanmadhil 48 takke vidyarthyanni saptahik chhalalya jaat asalyachi nond kelee. thayaland aanee shejaril botswananantar iyatta 9 veeche vidyarthi (vay 14-15) tisya kramankache sarvat jaast gundgiriche hote, jyat 17 takke saptahik aanee 47 takke masik gundgiriche hote.
lashkari seva.
ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanna dakshin aafrikechya rashtriy sanrakshn dalat (sanduff) ughadpane seva karanyachi parvanagi aahe. 1996 madhye sarkarne 'rashtriy sanrakshanavaril shwetpatra' sweekarle, jyamadhye asey vidhan samavisht hote qee, 'sanvidhananusar, sanduff laingik pravruttichya aadhare tyachya konatyahi sadasyanshi bhedbhav karnar nahee."1998 madhye, sanrakshn vibhagane" "samaan sandhee aanee sakaratmak karvaiche dhoran" "sweekarle, jyaantargat bharati jhalelya lokanna tyanchya laingik pravruttibaddal prashna vicharale jaau shakat naheet aanee sanrakshn dall adhikrutpane tyachya sadasyanchya kayadeshir laingik vartanat rus ghet nahee". 2002 chaa sanrakshn kayada konatyahi sanduff sadasyasathi kinwa sanrakshn vibhagachya karmchanyasathi laingik pravruttichya aadhare konatyahi vyakticha upman karane, upman karane kinwa shatrutva kinwa tiraskar darshavine haah faujdari gunha tharvato. 2002 madhye, sanduffney 'kayamswarupi jeevan-bhagidaritil bhagidaranna' vaivahik vaidyakeey aanee nivruttivetan laabh dile.
trutiyapanthiy adhikar.
ling varnan aanee ling sthitee kayadyatil badal" lokanna loksankhyechya nondanimadhye tyanchi ling sthitee badalanyasathi arj karanyachi aanee parinami tyanchi ling olakh darshavinari olakh kagadpatre aanee parpatra prapt karanyachi parvanagi deto. kayadyanusar, tyaa vyaktine samprerak pratisthapan upchar paddhati (ling punarnirdharan shastrakriyechi aavashyakta nahee) yasarkhya vaidyakeey kinwa shastrakriyedvare upchar ghetale asavet.
laingik sankraman jhalelya karmchanyanshi gairvartan karananya niyoktyanviruddha kamgar nyayalayachya anek nirnayanmadhye aadhalale aahe.
rupantaran upchar.
rupantaran upcharpaddhaticha ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanchya jivanavar nakaratmak parinam hoto aanee tyamule aatmasanman, nairashya aanee aatmahatyechya kalpana qamee houu shakatat. dakshin aafriketil mansopacharatadnyanchya societyne mhatale aahe qee, "ekhadya vyaktichi laingik pravrutti badalanyat pratikarak kinwa rupantaran upcharpaddhati prabhavi aahe yacha konatahi vaidnyanik purava nahee. tathapi, yaa prakarchi upcharpaddhati vinashkari asoo shakate yache purave aahet.
asey asoonahi, deshat rupantaran upcharpaddhati kelee jaate asey manale jaate. februwari 2015 madhye, eka dharmantar upchar shibirachya malakanna teen kishoravayin mule mrutavasthet sapadlyanantar, tyanna hatya, baal shoshan aanee gambhir sharirik haanee karnyachya hetune hallah kelyabaddal doshi tharvanyat aale. kishoravayin mulanna, kathitpane, mushtya marlya gelya, kudali aanee rabarchya nalyanni marhan kelee, tyanchya khatanna sakhali bandhalya gelya, konatyahi velee shauchalaye vaparanyachi parvanagi dilee gelee nahee aanee tyanna saban aanee swatache mull khanyas bhag padale gele, heey serve tyanchya samalaingiktevar 'upchar' karnyachya uddeshane hote. heey teen kishoravayin 15 teey 19 varshe vayogatatil hote.
varnabhed kalat dow. aubrey levinne samalingi sainikanna olakhanyasathi aanee tyanchya samalaingiktevar jabardastine "upchar" karnyasathi tayar kelelya vaidyakeey chhal karyakramachya, ghruna prakalpache netrutva kele. yamadhye saktichya napunsakatva aanee shock therapicha samavesh hota. "veer ander' (aafriketil 'itaransathi', 'varandar' mhanje 'badal' yaa shabdacha eka shlesh) 2 september 2017 roji dakshin aafrikechya rajya natyagruhat pradarshit jhaala. heey natak satya ghatananvar aadharit aahe, jithe tarun africi purushanna rupantaran upcharanna samore jaave lagale hote. too purushatva, laingikta aanee swikrutishi sambandhit aahe aanee prathechya bhayanakta aanee atyacharanvar prakash takto.
raktadan.
2014 paryant, dakshin aafrikechya rashtriy rakt sevene purushanshi laingik sambandh thevana purushanvar raktadan nirbandh ladale, jyat tyanni raktadan karnyapurvi kiman sahaa mahine laingik sambandhanpasun door rahane aavashyak hote. jyacha gelya sahaa mahinyant naveen laingik jodidar jhaala aahe kinwa jyacha ekapeksha jaast laingik jodidar aahe asha konatyahi sambhavya datyakadun dengya ghenyas parvanagi nasalelya ling-tatasth dhoranane yachee jaaga ghetali gelee.
rahniman.
1998 madhye, tatkalin rashtriy pakshachya netyane, too eka 'boersoon' (shetkyacha mulga) asalyache sangoon, laingik sambandhasathi eka purushala paise dilyache aarop fetalale, yacha arth assa qee african lokanmadhye samalaingikta hii aadhalanari gosht nahee. dakshin aafriketil samalingi haqq sanghatananni maafee magnyachi magani kelee aahe.
asha anek ghatana ghadalya aahet jyat samalingi mahila hatya, marhan kinwa balatkarachya balee tharalya aahet. heey kahee pramanat, paramparik purush adhikaryanna tyanni nirman kelelya dhokyamule asalyache manale gele aahe. dakshin aafriket dveshyukt gunhyansathi konatahi vishisht kayada nahee; manavadhikar sanghatananni dakshin aafriketil polisanvar pakshapat-prerit gunhyanchya prakaranache nirakaran karnyat apayashi tharalyabaddal teeka kelee aahe. udaharanarth, ngo "actionaid" neey satatchya shikshepasun muktatecha nishedh keela aahe aanee dakshin aafriket homophobic hallyanmadhye lesbianschya hatyanchya ahavalakade sarkaranni dolhe mitale asalyacha aarop keela aahe; tasech tathakathit sudharatmak balatkar, jyamadhye vidyarthyanmadhil prakaranancha samavesh aahe, jyaa prakarananmadhye purush balatkari lesbian piditevar balatkar karnyacha hetu thevatat, jyamule teela tichya laingik pravruttipasun "barey" kele jaate.
meey 2011 madhye, pradhyapak juan nell yanni amnesty internationalla sangitale qee dakshin aafrikechya naupaiki teen prantanchya abhyasanusar, samalingi purush samalingi mahilanpramanech varanvar samalingi laingik atyacharache balee tharatat aanee asey suchavale qee purush pidit aanee prasarmadhyamandvare qamee ahwal dilyane tyanna gunhyacha qamee dhoka aahe ashee dharana nirman jhaali aahe. pidit mahilanpramanech, laingikdrushtya anuroop nasalelya samalingi purushanna hinsacharacha sarvadhik dhoka asalyache manale jaate aanee 2010 teey 2013 darmyan samalingi purushanchya nauu kathit sambandhit hatyanchya malikansah, polisanni ghatana nishkaljipane hatalalyacha aarop karyakartyanni keela aahe.
samalingi dveshachya adhunmadhun ghatana ghadun yet asoonahi, johannesburg, pretoriya, durban aanee cape tauun yasarkhya pramukh shahari bhagatil samalingi lokanna byanpaiki sweekarle jaate aanee yaa serve shaharanmadhye samalingi ratriche jeevan bharbharatila yete. dakshin aafriketil samalingi lokanchya dainandin jeevanat sanskrutik, qalaa, creeda aanee bahya upkram pramukh bhoomika bajavtat. cape tauun, johannesburg, durban, pretoriya aanee soveto yethe varshik samalingi abhimanache karyakram aayojit kele jaatat. bloomfontein, polokwane, poort elizabeth, mobombela, purv london, pietermeritzburg aanee nayasna yasarkhya chhotya shaharanmadhyehi ell. jee. bii. tii. shhee sambandhit karyakram, club aanee baar aayojit kele jaatat. keyasna varshik gulabi rangatil lorii mardy grass aayojit karate, joou deshbharatil samalingi lokanna aakarshit karato.
prasarmadhyame aanee samajat chitran aanee pratinidhitva.
durchitravani aanee chitrapat asey karyakram tayar karatat jeey samalingi jivanavar dekhil laksh kendrit karatat. anek sope aupera ell. jee. bii. tii. chey jeevan pradarshit karatat/dakhavtat, tyapaiki kahee adhik ullekhaneey mhanje dirghkal chalanari aanee aata radd keleli sope aupera "jyamadhye dirghakalin samalingi sambandh darshavile gele aahet.
ess. aii. bii. see. 1 neey tyachya karyakramanmadhye dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. samudayache tulanene pratinidhi asalyache dakhavun dile aahe. sitcom 'ciity cess top laa' madhye eka samalingi patra aahe jyasathi warren masemolala safta puraskar midala. ell. jee. bii. tii. patranna vaishishtyikrut karnyasathi sub. 1 vareel sarvoch darjachya sope auperanpaiki eka mhanje 'pidhya', jyat starr-cross premi senzo (thami mangkolone sakarlele) aanee jasson, jyanni nantar lagn kele aanee tyanna mool jhaale. sope auperachya sadhyachya punarjanmat 'mhanoon, bhatkya navachya eka trutiyapanthiy striche patra aanee tiche ell. jee. bii. tii. mitra aanee sahkari aahet. telenovela "uzalo" madhye jee. see. (khaya dladla yanni chitrit kelele) navache eka samalingi patra dekhil aahe, joou tyachya laingikatebaddal charchchya vadat adakala hota, dakshin aafriketil laingikatebaddal grameen aanee shahari loksankhyashastriy dharana spasht karato. channelne ell. jee. bii. tii. patransah itar karyakramanmadhye dekhil yash pahile aahe, jase qee 'society', 'intersexance' aanee '9 nantar'. ell. jee. bii. tii. madheel pramukh patranna darshavinare itar sope aupera asey aaheth 'madhye steve (emmanuel castisne sakarlele),' ridam ciity 'madhye thula (rait ngubeni sakarlele) aanee' 7day laan 'madhye jerom (terrence brijet, eka samalingi abhineta). 2016 chya 'mazanasi magic telenovela' 'daad queen' madhye cello make qaa-encube heey samalingi patra sakarat aahe.
"24 februwari 2020 roji shomaxver prasarit honyas suruvat jhalela 'somizi andd mohaleh daad union' haah chaar bhagancha vishesh chitrapat aahe, joou somizi mhalongo aanee mohale motong yanchya lagnavar kendrit aahe. pahilya bhagane shomaxcha tyachya pahilya divashi sarvadhik drushye pahanyacha prekshaksankhyecha vikram modala.
rajkaran, kayada aanee sakriyata.
dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. samudayala nagri samajatil sakriyatecha aanee pratinidhitvacha vaividhyapurn itihas aahe aanee februvarimadhye ell. jee. bii. tii. itihas mahinyadvare sajra kelya jaananya samajik nyay aanee manavadhikaranchya sangharshashi sambandhit serve kahee aahe; edwin cameron aanee cathy satchwell heey anukrame dakshin aafrikechya ghatanatmak nyayalayache aanee dakshin aafrikechya uchch nyayalayache pramukh nyayadhish aahet, jyat pramukh kayadeshir vidwan piyare dii voos yancha samavesh aahe.
dakshin aafriketil vidyapithanmadhye whitwatersrand vidyapith, cape tauun vidyapith, stellenbosch vidyapith, johannesburg vidyapith aanee western cape vidyapith yasah sakriy aanee drishyaman ell. jee. bii. tii. vidyarthi sanghatana aahet.
sayman encoli, jackie achmat aanee phuneka soldat heey dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. chey kahee pramukh haqq karyakarte aahet.
dakshin aafrikechya sansadet aanee mantrimandalat anek ell. jee. bii. tii. rajkarani dekhil rahile aaheth jacob zuma yanchya mantrimandalat sarvajanik udyog mantri mhanoon linne braun (aanee 2008-2009 madhye western kepche antarim pantpradhan mhanoonahi kaam kele), jhakele mabhele heey police chhaya mantri mhanoon, mike watter heey 2014 teey 2019 paryant virodhi pakshache up mukhya whip mhanoon, emm. pii. marrius redlinghuis aanee ian olis heey 2014 teey 2017 paryant kamgar chhaya mantri mhanoon.
ell. jee. bii. tii. paryatan.
dakshin africa, aafrikeche sarvat samalingi-anukool thikan mhanoon tyachya pratishthemule, darvarshi hajaro ell. jee. bii. tii. paryatakanna aakarshit karate. adhikrut dakshin africi paryatan sthal samalingi pravashansathi sakhol pravasachya soochana dete. samalingi-snehi aasthapana sampoorn dakshin aafriket aahet aanee vividh samalingi pravas sanketsthalanvar aadhalu shakatat.
gulabi rand.
ell. jee. bii. tii. vyavsayik deshbharatil mothya companyanmadhye karyarat aahet. ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanna vividh vipanan mohimandware dekhil lakshya kele jaate, kaaran corporate jug gulabi randche moolya olakhate. 2012 madhye, lunch boxes madhyamanni ell. jee. bii. tii. bajarpeth andaje 40 lakhanhun kinchit jaast lokanvar aadharit asalyache shodhun bajar sanshodhan (samalingi grahak profile) haatee ghetale.
dharm.
pramukh dharmik netyanni dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. samudayala pathimba darshavala aahe. dakshin aafrikechya anglican charchmadhye, cape taunche divangat archbishop emeritus desmond tutu hote aanee cape taunche sadhyache archbishop, thabo makgoba aanee dow. ekjutine sudharlelya churchche alaan bosek heey dakshin aafriketil samalingi hakkanche mukhar samarthak aahet.
dutch sudharlelya charchane nirnay deela aahe qee samalingi sadasyanshi bhedbhav keela jaau naye aanee charchmadhye padd dharan karoo shakato. tathapi, churchwar barich teeka ajunahi astitvat aahe; 2008 madhye eka nyayalayane samalingi sangitkarala kadhoon taklyabaddal charchchya mandalachya virodhat nikal deela; yaa samasyene samalingi samudayakadun aanee udarmatvadi vartulanmadhye khoop gadarol udavala. 2015 madhye, charchane samalingi sambandhanna aashirvad denyacha aanee samalingi mantri aanee padrinna (jyanna brahmachari asanyachi aavashyakta nahee) parvanagi denyacha nirnay ghetala. 2016 madhye haah nirnay ulatanyat aala, parantu 2019 madhye too punha lagoo karnyat aala.
janmat.
2015 madhye dusya sansthene kelelya aanee 'progressive prudes' yaa shirshakachya abhyasane dakshin aafriketil ell. jee. bii. tii. lokanprati janmat adhik guntaguntiche chitra rekhatale. 55 takke lokanni samalingi kutumbatil sadasyala "sweekar" karnyache sanket dile aanee 51 takke lokanni "samalingi lokanna itar serve nagarikanpramanech samaan manavadhikar asavet" assa tyancha vishvas vyakt keela. sarvekshanat asey aadhalun aale qee, 2:1 chya gunottarane, dakshin aafrikechya lokanni samalingi lokansathi vidyaman ghatanatmak sanrakshn kayam rakhanyas pathimba deela. samalingi jodpyanna samaan nagri vivah adhikar denyas "tivra asahmat" asalelyanchi sankhya keval 23 takkyanparyant ghasarali.
2016 madhye afroberometerne prasiddha kelelya eka mothya sarvekshanat asey suchavale gele aahe qee cape verde nantar dakshin aafrikechi samalingi shejayyambaddal dusari sarvat sahishnu matey aahet, sarvekshan kelelya 67 takke lokanni asey sangitale qee teey ektar 'jordarpane aavadatil, kahee pramanat aavadatil kinwa kalji karnar naheet' jarr teey samalingi jodpyachya shejari rahat asateel. aafriketil 21 takke sarasarichya tulanet heey praman qamee asoon senegalmadhye fakt 3 takke aanee uganda aanee nayajarmadhye 5 takke itake qamee aahe.
ilgane 2017 saalee kelelya sarvekshananusar, dakshin aafriketil 67 takke lokanni samalingi, lesbian aanee ubhayalingi lokanna saral lokansarkhech adhikar midavet yavar sahmati darshavali, tarr 17 takke lokanni asahmati darshavali. yavyatirikt, 72 takke lokanni kamachya thikani honanya bhedbhavapasun tyanche sanrakshn kele pahije yavar sahmati darshavali. dakshin aafriketil 24 takke lokanni matra, samalingi sambandh asalelya lokanvar gunhegar mhanoon aarop kele pahijet asey mhatale, tarr 57 takke lokanni asahmati darshavali. trutiyapanthiy lokambabat, 72 takke lokanni tyanna samaan adhikar asavet yavar sahmati darshavali, 74 takke lokanni tyanna rojgarachya bhedbhavapasun sanrakshit kele pahije asey manale aanee 64 takke lokanni tyanna tyanche kayadeshir ling badalanyachi parvanagi dilee pahije asey manale. yavyatirikt, tyach sarvekshananusar, dakshin aafriketil 9 takke lock jarr tyanna samalingi asalyache aadhalale tarr purush shejanyachi laingik pravrutti badalanyacha prayatna kartil, tarr 72 takke lock tyala swikartil aanee pathimba deteel. 8 takke mahila shejanyanchi laingik pravrutti badalanyacha prayatna kartil, tarr 76 takke mahila tee jashee aahe tashich teela swikartil.
meey 2021 chya ipesos sarvekshanat asey disun aale qee dakshin aafriketil 71 takke lokanni samalingi jodpyanna kahee pramanat kayadeshir manyata denyas pathimba deela (59 takke dakshin africi lokanni samalingi vivahala pathimba deela, 12 takke lokanni nagri bhagidarila pathimba deela parantu vivahala nahee) tarr 15 takke lokanni samalingi jodpyanna serve kayadeshir manyata denyas virodh keela aanee 14 takke lokanni nirnay ghetala nahee. yavyatirikt, dakshin aafriketil 18 takke lock samalingi jodpyachya lagnat aadhich upasthit hote.
dakshin aafriketil 62 takke catholic lock samalaingikta "samajane sweekarli pahije" yavar sahmat asoon dharmik sanghatanankadun ell. jee. bii. tii. kyu. hakkanna vadhata pathimba midala aahe.