sweedenmadhil railway vahatukicha itihas

sweedenchya railwaychya itihasat sarkari malkichya aanee khajgi asha donhi prakarchya relvecha samavesh aahe.
khajgi railway.
suruvatichi varshe 1845-1914.
1845 madhye swedish count edolph yujeen vonn rosenla sweedenmadhye railway bandhanyachi parvanagi midali. tyane cooping aanee hult (lake vanern yetheel eka lahan bandar) shaharadarmyan railway bandhanyas suruvat kelee. cooping-hult relvecha uddesh malaren aanee veneran talavanvaril vafechya boatinshi jodane haah hota, jyamule gothenberg aanee stockholm darmyan motoryukt jodani milate. wonn rosenche paise british guntavanukdarankadun aale. 1850 chya dashakat tyanche paise sampale aanee 1854 madhye sweedenchya sansadene nirnay ghetala qee swedish trunk lines (stambnorna) rajyane bandhalya pahijet aanee chalavalya pahijet.
sweedenmadhil pahili purn jhaleli sarvajanik railway mhanje warmland prantatil frickstad aanee clara alves darmyanchi frickstadbannen. tyat 1,188 mimichi track gej hotee aanee teey vahoon nenyasathi ghodyancha vapar karat asey. 1855 madhye tyache vafechya karyat rupantar karnyat aale.
suruvatipasunach vafechya enginancha vapar karnari sweedenmadhil pahili railway hii narke yetheel nora-verwala-orebro railway hotee, jee cooping-hult relvecha bhag hotee, jee 5 march 1856 roji ughadali gelee, jee manak gejvar bandhali gelee.
railway "bergslagsonan" gothenberg-falun-gavale hii sarvat lamb khajgiritya bandhaleli railway hotee, jee 1879 madhye ughadali gelee. anek khajgi railway kampanyanni stockholm aanee upsala darmyan stockholm-roslegence janvagarche jaale aanee hollandmadhil falkenberg railwaysarkhe narrow gej railway bandhale, jeey donhi sweedensathi samanya swedish three phoot gej vaparat hote parantu urvarit jagaat vaparale jaat navhate. anek khajgi railwaychi sarvat mothee malki asaleli shahare hotee, tyamule tee pratyakshat ardh-nagarpalikesarkhi hotee.
rajya sarkarchya malkichi railway.
mukhya reshanchi bandhani 1855-1891.
itar anek europeey deshanchya tulanet sweedenne nantar railway bandhanyas suruvat kelee. kharch aanee itar samasyanmule sweeden anek varshe jordar vadavivadat adakale.
1854 madhye sansadechya nirnayanantar naudalachya yantrik dalache curnell, nills ericson yanchi mukhya margika (stambnorna) bandhanyachya prakalpasathi nete mhanoon nivad karnyat aalee. tyacha prastav assa hota qee gothenberg aanee stockholm (vastra stambnon) yanchyatil marg jahajanshi spardha talhanyasathi lake malrenchya dakshinekade gela pahije. heey 1862 madhye purn jhaale. tyane asehi prastavit kele qee malmo aanee stockholm (sodra stamabanan) yanchyatil marg nasjola aanee nantar falcopingla gela pahije, jithe too vastra stambananla bhetel. lashkari karananmule railwayne shakya titke kinarpatti talhanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala.
nasjo aanee catrinholm darmyan ostra stambnon, jeey pudhe vastra stambnonchya bajoone hote, teey bandhale jaiparyant falcopingla jaanari railway haah tatpurata upay hota. nills eriksanchya prastavat stockholm aanee enge (nora stambnon) aanee stambnon genome over norland ("varchya norlandmadhun jaanara mukhya marg") darmyan relvecha samavesh hota, joou brack aanee boden darmyan dhavto. oslo aanee laksa (nordwastra stambnon) darmyan railwaychehi niyojan karnyat aale hote. laksa heey vastra stambhanavar aahe.
vastra aanee sodra stambhanche pahile bhag 1856 madhye ughadale gele. 1862 madhye sampoorn vastra stambhan ughadale gele aanee 1864 madhye sodra stambhan purnapane ughadale gele. 1871 madhye nordwastra stambnon aanee 1874 madhye austrastra stambnon ughadale gele.
naura stambnon 1881 madhye ughadale gele aanee stambnon genome over norland 1894 madhye ughadale gele. traundheim aanee enge darmyan norlandska twerbanan navachi railway 1885 madhye ughadali gelee.
1862 madhye jevha eriksanane rajinama deela tevha tyacha adhikar biagnadesbyran (imarat karyalay) aanee trafficbirran (vahtook karyalay) yaa done sansthanmadhye vibhagala gela. 1888 madhye agencies punha kungliga jaranvagstirelson (royal railway samitee) mhanoon ekatra karnyat aalya.
pudhil vistar 1891-1937.
1891 madhye jevha norweymadheel lulia aanee narvik darmyanchya loh khanij railway malambananche bandhkam suru jhaale tevha railwaychi imarat suru rahili. 1902 madhye teey purn jhaale.
1896 madhye rajyane paschim kinarpattivaril serve railwaygadya vikat ghetalya aanee gothenberg aanee stromestad darmyan bohusbanan (bohuslan railway, bohus marg) bandhanyas suruvat kelee. osloparyant chaloo thevanyacha tyacha hetu hota parantu swedish-norwegian unionchya vighatanane resheche bandhkam thambavale aanee stromestad haah reshecha shevat jhaala.
1907 madhye antardeshiy reshecha (inlandsbennon) pahila bhag suru karnyat aala. 1909 madhye trailborg aanee sasnitz darmyancha railway pherii marg ughadanyat aala, jyamule berlin aanee stockholm darmyan thet pravas karane shakya jhaale.
1914 madhye norcoping (ostra stambnon yethe) aanee jarna (vastra stambnon yethe) darmyan railway marg khula jhaala, jyamule malmo aanee stockholm darmyancha pravas qamee jhaala.
1917 madhye boden aanee haparanda darmyan railway purn jhaali aanee done varshannantar haparanda aanee finlandchya tornio shaharala jodanyasathi haparanda nadivar eka pool bandhanyat aala.
1927 madhye purv kinarpatti purn jhaali.
1937 madhye antardeshiy railway purn jhaali.
vidyutikaran.
madhya stockholmmadhil stockholm ostra sthanak aanee englebrechtsplan darmyanchya chhotya margavar vafechya engines vahan chalvane talhanyasathi, jethe railway shaharachya rastyanvar pravas karat hotee, 1895 madhye djersholmla djersholmla margache vidyutikaran karnyat aale. narrow gej 891 miimii roslagbanan upnagariy railway englebrechtsplan-djersholms esbeeche 1500 vhee. dii. varr vidyutikaran karnyat aale.see.
1915 madhye swedish rajya railwayne 15 kilowatt 15 heartzchya manak gej jaalyavar kiruna-ricksgransen darmyan loh dhatoo margache (malambanan) vidyutikaran kele. porges yetheel naveen jalvidhyut kendratoon veej yet aahe. railway jaalyala tyachya 50 heartzs rashtriy vidyut greedmadheel parivartak vaparnyas saksham karnyasathi varanvarta 16,7 heartzparyant badalanyat aalee
malambananchya vidyutikaranache udghatan 1915 madhye narvik-kiruna darmyan aanee 1923 madhye sampoorn margavar jhaale, jyat offotenbannens norweymadhye seema aanee narvik darmyancha naisargik satatya samavisht hote.
1926 madhye vastra stambnon (paschim mukhya marg) chey vidyutikaran karnyat aale aanee sodra stambnon (dakshin mukhya marg) 1933 aanee nora stambnon 1942 madhye bodenparyant yaa kamala gatee denyat aalee kaaran yuddhamule kolasa aanee telachya aayatila adthala aala hota. 1950 chya dashakat serve mothya railwayche vidyutikaran karnyat aale hote.
1985 pasoon naveen uchch gatichya margika.
1937 teey 1985 darmyan sweedenmadhye laghu udyog marg aanee tatsam railway marg vagalata konatihi naveen railway bandhali gelee nahee. tyaeivaji qamee vahtook asalele anek marg bund karnyat aale. qaar aanee trakchi vahtook vadhalyamule tyanchi vahtook qamee hott hotee.
vaskustabananchya bajoone aanee uchch gatichya mankansah duheri marg tayar karnyacha nirnay ghenyat aala aanee 1985 madhye hulmstadchya aaspas eka naveen railway marg ughadanyat aala. pudhil varshanmadhye anek naveen railway bandhanyat aalya, jyapaiki bahutansh relvesathi tayar karnyat aalya, mukhytah stockholmchya aaspas aanee waskustbananchya bajoone. signal pranali aanee gadya 2020 purvi jaast parvanagi dett naheet aanee jaast veg suru keela jaanar nahee. junya railway vastra stambnon aanee sodra stambnon dekhil, jethe shakya asel tethe sanrekhan naan badalata, parvanagi denyasathi, adhik karoon 1985-2005 darmyan kele gele aahet.
udarikaran.
sweeden haah europemadhil pahila desh aahe jithe payabhoot suvidha aanee seva vegale karnyachya dhoranachi chachani ghenyat aalee. 1988 madhye sudharanankade laksh vedhanyat aale. sudharananni statains jornwegger steet railway (esje) chee vibhagani kelee aanee eka naveen company banworket (beevi) tayar kelee, jee payabhoot suvidhanchi malak bunley. ess. jeey. sarvajanik anudanavina vyavsayik aadharavar gadya chalavatat aanee chalavatat.
march 2009 madhye ess. jeey. chee maktedari radd karnyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. aadhich 2009 chya sharad rututil shaniwari aanee ravivari jevha marganvar adhik jaaga asel tevha vinamulya spardhela parvanagi dilee jaeel aanee 2010 chya sharad rututil serve divasanmadhye purn pramanat.
sweedenche bahutansh sadhyache railway marg rajyane tharavale aanee bandhale hote aanee tyanchi tantrik dekhbhal dekhil lokankadoon midavali jaat hotee, parantu pravasi gadyanchya sanchalan aanee malkivar ess. jeey. chee aata maktedari nahee jithe asha vyavsayik aadharavar fayadesheerpane chalavata yeteel. railway jaalyacha motha bhag deshachya asha bhaganna seva deto, jeey napha kamavanyasathi pureshi pravasi kinwa malvahatuk nirman karat naheet aanee yapaiki kahee bhaganvar ess. jeey. chee agadi alikadeparyant (2010, yaa vibhagat khalee pahaa) vastavik maktedari aahe. sarasari veg haah nafyachya sandarbhat eka mahattvacha ghatak aahe (prati taas adhik antar mhanje prati taas adhik utpann).

