madhyamvarg

madhyam varg mhanje samajik padanukramachya madhyabhagi asalelya lokancha varg, jyachi vyakhya anekada vyavasay, utpann, shikshan kinwa samajik sthitidvare kelee jaate. haah shabd aitihasikdrushtya aadhunikta, bhandavalshahi aanee rajkiy vadavivadashi sambandhit aahe. madhyam vargachya samanya vyakhya deshachya utpannachya shidivar asalelya pachvya madhyamvargiy vyaktinpasoon teey 20 takke garib aanee shrimant vyaktiparyant asatat. vyaj virodhabhas" yasarkhe siddhant madhyam vargacha aakar aanee sampatticha vaataa nirdharit karnyasathi patman gut aanee sampatti vitaranachi mahitee vapartat.
kalantarane jaagtik madhyamvargiyanmadhye lakshaniy vaadh jhaali aahe. februwari 2009 madhye, "arthshastradnya" yanni thampane sangitale qee, udayonmukh deshanchya vegwan vadhicha parinam mhanoon jagatil nimmyahoon adhik loksankhya madhyam vargachi aahe. tyat madhyam vargache varnan kele gele qee tyanche utpann vajvi pramanat vivekadhin aahe aanee moolbhut ann aanee niwara bharalyanantar lock tyanchya utpannachya andaje eka trutiyansh hissa vivekadhin kharchasathi rakhoon thevatat asha tappyapasoon suruvat jhaali aahe.
yaa shabdacha itihas aanee utkranti.
madhyamvarg' haah shabd pratham james bradshow yanchya 1745 chya 'pamphlet' yojnet pramanit keela gela aahe, jenekarun francemadhye ayrish lokri yeu naye."aadhunik europechya suruvatichya kalat vaparlela aanakhi eka vakyansh hota" "madhyam prakar". "
madhyamvarg' yaa shabdache anek, kadhikadhi parasparvirodhi arth aahet. frydrich englesney yaa vargakade, usheera-samantvadi samajatil kuleen aanee shetkari yanchyatil madhyavarti samajik varg mhanoon pahile. kuleen vargakade grameen bhagacha barachsa bhag hota aanee shetkari tyavar kaam karat hote, tarr shaharatil vyapari karyambhovati eka naveen 'burjuva' (shabdasha 'shaharvasi') udayas aala. francemadhye, madhyamvargane french krantila chalana denyas madat kelee. yaa "madhyamvarg" neey akheris saranjami samajatil sattadhari rajeshahivadyanna ulthavoon takale, asha prakare naveen bhandavalshahi varchasva asalelya samajanmadhye naveen sattadhari varg kinwa burjuva varg banala.
madhyamvargiy" yaa shabdacha aadhunik vapar matra 1913 chya brittonchya mahalekhaparikshakanchya ahavalapasun aahe, jyamadhye sankhyikishastradnya tii.etch.see. stevenson yanni madhyamvargala uchch-varg aanee kamgar-vargamadhye yenare mhanoon olakhale. madhyamvargamadhye vyavsayik, vyavasthapak aanee varishtha nagri sevak yancha samavesh aahe. madhyamvargiy sadasyatvache mukhya vaishishtya mhanje, ajunahi uchchabhru uchchavargachya adhipatyakhali asatana, jeey jagatil bahutansh aarthik aanee kayadeshir bhandwal niyantrit karatat, lakshaniy manvi bhandavalache niyantran.
bhandavalshahimadhye, "madhyamvarg" haah suruvatila "burjuva" mhanoon olakhala jaat asey; nantar, bhandavalshahi samaj vikasit hott asatana varganmadhye aanakhi farak jhalyamule, haah shabd "lahan burjuva" yaa shabdacha samanarthi banala. bhandavalshahi arthvyavasthanchya bharbharatichya chakranmule, bahutansh "alpabhudharak" jagache niyatkalik (aanee kamitakami tatpurte) garibpana aanee sarvharashahi hote, parinami teey kamgar-varg aanee alpabhudharak-burjuva sthitichya darmyan pudhe-mage sarkat aahet. madhyamvargiy" chya vishisht aadhunik vyakhyankade yaa vastusthitikade durlaksh karnyacha cull aahe qee abhijat alpabhudharak-burjuva varg haah nehmich lahan teey madhyam aakarachya vyavasayacha malak aahe aanee rahila aahe, jyache utpann jawaljawal keval kamgaranchya rojgaratoon milate; "madhyamvarg" mhanje kamgar abhijat varg, vyavsayik aanee pagardar, pandhare-collar kamgar yanche sanyojan.
madhyam vargacha aakar, shikshan, sampatti, sangopanache vatavaran, samajik jaale, shishtachar kinwa moolye ityadindware tyachi vyakhya kashee kelee jaate yavar avalambun asato. heey serve sambandhit aahet, parantu teey nishchitpane avalambun naheet. yaa vishayavaril sahityat anekada khaleel ghatak 'madhyamvarg' laa dile jaatatah"
americet, visavya shatkachya akheris, adhikadhik lokanni swatahla madhyamvargiy mhanoon olakhale (jyachi sankhya qamee hotee aanee teey swatahla uchchavargiy mhanoon olakhayache). sanghatit kamgar chalvalitun udayas aalelya aanee mulat kamgar vargacha jawaljawal serve pathimba midavalelya brittenmadhil kamgar pakshane, 1990 chya dashakat 'nyu lebber' mhanoon toney blairchya adhipatyakhali swatahla punha sthapit kele, joou paksh madhyamvargiyanchya tasech kamgar pakshachya matdaranchya paramparik gatachya matansathi, mhanje kamgar vargachya matansathi, puranmatvadi pakshashi spardha karat hota. sumare 40 takke british lock swatahla madhyamvargiy manatat aanee gelya kahee dashakanpasun hii sankhya tulanene sthir aahe.
marksvad.
marksvad samajik varganna tyanchya utpadan sadhananshi asalelya sambandhanusar paribhashit karato. marksvadachya samajik vargavibhasacha mukhya aadharah utpadanachya sadhanancha taba, samajik kamgar sanghatanet (utpadan prakriya) tyachi bhoomika aanee sthan, sampatti aanee sansadhananche vitaran aanee rakkam. marksvadi samajik yojnet 'madhyamvarg' haah sattadhari vargachya khalcha aanee sarvharachya varcha varg asalyache mhatale jaate aanee too 'laghu' kinwa 'laghu-burjuva' yaa shabdacha samanarthi aahe. marksvadi lekhakanni hii sandnya done vegalya parantu sambandhit marganni vaparali aahe. pahilya arthane, marksvadi modelmadhil saranjamshahichya qamee hott hott varshant kullinverg aanee sarvahara yanchyat udayas aalelya burjuva vargasathi (shahari vyapari aanee vyavsayik varg) yacha vapar keela jaato. vhee. aay. leninne mhatale qee "shetkari... russiamadhye lahan bhandavalshahicha aath kinwa nauu dashansh bhag aahe. tathapi, aadhunik vikasit deshanmadhye, marksvadi lekhakanni 'laghu bhandavalshahi' chee vyakhya ashee kelee aahe qee tyat pramukhyane (navapramane) lahan teey madhyam aakarachya vyavasayanche malak asatat, jeey vetan-majuranchya shoshanatoon utpann midavatat (aanee jyanchi "mothya" bhandavalshahidware shoshan hote.eae. banker, mothya corporate trustche malak ii.) tasech doctor, abhiyante, vastuvisharad, vakeel, vidyapith pradhyapak, serve aakarachya bhandavaldar udhyoganche pagardar madhyam vyavasthapan ityadincha uchch shikshit vyavsayik varg. - 'madhyamvarg' mhanoon, joou sattadhari bhandavaldar 'utpadan sadhananche malak' aanee kamgar varg (jyache utpann keval tasala tasala vetanatoon milate) yanchyat ubha aahe.
aahe shatkatil american marksvadi siddhantkar louis see. frena (louis corey) yanni madhyam vargachi vyakhya "swatantra lahan udhyojakancha varg, utpadak malmatteche malak jyanchyakadun upajeevika midavali jaate" ashee kelee. frainachya drushtikonatun, yaa samajik shrenimadhye "hakkadar shetkari" samavisht hote, parantu malmatta nasalele bhadekaru shetkari nahee. madhyamvargamadhye pagardar vyavasthapakiy aanee paryavekshi karmchari dekhil hote, parantu 'malmatta nasalele, avalambun asalele pagardar karmchari' navhate. jaree haah eka samajik gut rahila, jyamadhye "jyanche bahutek sadasya naveen sarvahara varg aahet", taree pagardar pagardar sampoorn shreniche aarthik drushtine "naveen madhyamvarg" mhanoon purese varnan kele jaau shakate, assa andaj frena yanni vartavala."
vyavsayik-vyavasthapan varg.
1977 madhye barbara ehrenrich aanee tyanche tatkalin patee johnn yanni united statesmadhil eka naveen vargachi vyakhya ashee kelee qee, "pagardar mansik kamgar jyanchyakade utpadanachi sadhane naheet aanee jyanche shramachya samajik vibhaganimadhye pramukh karya aahe... [aahe]... bhandavalshahi sanskruti aanee bhandavalshahi varg sambandhanche punarutpadan; "ehrenarichanni yaa gatala" vyavsayik-vyavasthapakiy varg "asey naav dile.
madhyamvargiy vyavsayikancha haah gut itar samajik varganpeksha tyanchya prashikshan aanee shikshanadvare (samanyatah vyavsayik patrata aanee vidyapithachya padvi) vegala aahe, udaharanarth shaikshanik aanee shikshak, samajik karyakarte, abhiyante, lekhapal, vyavasthapak, paricharika aanee madhyam patalivaril prashasak yasah vyavasay. naveen kamgar varg' yaa 'naveen kamgar varga' chya 'andre gorz', 'sarge mallet' aanee itaranchya abhyasavarun, jeey shikshan aanee swatahla madhyamvarg manatat, tyanchi vyakhya vikasit kelee gelee, teey kamgar vargacha bhag hote kaaran tyanchyakade utpadan sadhane navhati aanee bhandwal tayar karnyasathi vetan midavanare hote. vyavsayik-vyavasthapakiy varg uchch darjacha darja aanee pagar midvu ichchito aanee tyanche utpann tyanchya deshachya sarasaripeksha jaast asate.
alikadil jaagtik vaadh.
heey samajoon ghene mahattvache aahe qee 'madhyamvarg' yaa shabdachya aadhunik vyakhya vyakhya rajkiyadrushtya prerit asatat aanee rajkiy hetuchya garjannusar badaltat, jyachi tyanna prathamatah purtata karnyasathi kalpana kelee gelee hotee, tasech aadhunik pragat audhyogik rajyanmadhye (jethe garibi tulanene qamee aahe aanee sapeksh arthane sampattiche vitaran adhik samatavadi aahe) aanee vikasansheel deshanmadhye (jethe garibi aanee sampattiche sakhol asman vitaran bahusankhya loksankhyela chiradoon takte) 'sampatti' mojanyasathi aanee tulana karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya qamee-adhik vaidnyanik paddhatinchya bahuvidhatemule badaltat. yapaiki anek tulana paddhatinvar kathor teeka jhaali aahe; udaharanarth, arthshastradnya thomas picketty yanni tyanchya 'capital inn daad ekvisavya shatak' yaa pustakat, jagbharatil sampattichya sarvat samanyapane vaparlya jaanarya tulanatmak upayanpaiki eka-giinii gunank-yache varnan 'krutrim nirdeshank' chey udaharan mhanoon kele aahe... jeey shram aanee bhandavalachya sandarbhat asamanatesarkhya khoop bhinn goshtinche mishran karatat, jenekarun asamanatechya anek parimananmadhye aanee kamachya vividh yantrananmadhye spashtapane farak karane ashakya aahe."
februwari 2009 madhye, "arthshastradnya" yanni thampane sangitale qee udayonmukh deshanchya vegwan vadhicha parinam mhanoon, jagatil nimmyahoon adhik loksankhya aata madhyam vargachi aahe. tyat madhyamvargache varnan kele gele aahe qee, tyanche utpann heey vajvi pramanat vivekadhin aahe, jenekarun teey garibanpramane tondawate jagoo shakanar naheet aanee moolbhut ann aanee aanee paise bharalyanantar lokankade tyanchya utpannachya andaje eka trutiyansh hissa vivekadhin kharchasathi shillak aahe asha tappyapasoon suruvat jhaali aahe. yamule lokanna grahakopayogi vastoo kharedi karata yetat, tyanchi aarogya seva sudharata yete aanee tyanchya mulanchya shikshanachi tartud karata yete. bahutek udayonmukh madhyamvargamadhye asey lock aahet jeey vikasansheel jagachya mankannusar madhyamvargiy aahet parantu vikasit naheet, kaaran tyanche aarthik utpann vikasit deshanchya patalishi julat nahee, parantu tyateel takkewari jee viveki aahe tee aahe. yaa vyakhyenusar, aashiyatil madhyamvargiy lokanchi sankhya 2007 kinwa 2008 chya sumaras pashchimepeksha jaast hotee.
"arthshastradnya" yaa lekhat asey nidarshanas aanoon dile gele aahe qee anek udayonmukh deshanmadhye madhyamvarg vadhila nahee tarr sphotakpane vadhala aahe. garib lock jyaa tappyavar lakho lock madhyam vargat pravesh karoo lagatat, too kaal assa asalyacha aarop aahe jevha garib deshanna swast vastunsathi jaagtik bajarpethetun swatahla kimmat denyapurvi, aantarrashtriy vyaparachya madhyamatoon swast shramancha jastit jaast laabh midato. haah vegwan shaharikaranacha kaal dekhil aahe, jevha udarnirvah karnare shetkari karkhanyanmadhye kaam karnyasathi kirkol shete sodoon detat, parinami tyanche vetan aantarrashtriy staravar pohochanyapurvich tyanchya aarthik utpadaktet anek patine vaadh hote. 1990 teey 2005 yaa kalat chinmadhye haah tappa aala hota, jevha chiinii 'madhyamvarg' loksankhyechya 15 takkyanvarun 62 takkyanparyant vadhala aanee aata bharatat fakt pohochat aahe.
"arthatadnyane" assa andaj vartavala qee daridrya reshepalikade vaadh done dashake chaloo raheel aanee aatapasoon 2030 chya darmyan jaagtik madhyamvarg zapatyane vadhel. 
vegwan vadhichya aadhare, jaagtik madhyamvarg shashvat vikasasathi prerak shakti asel ashee vidvananchi apeksha aahe. tathapi, yaa gruhitkala virodh aahe (khalee pahaa).
kahee sanshodhakanni american madhyamvarg loksankhyechya andaje 45 takke asalyacha andaj vartavalyamule, 'arthshastradnya' yaa lekhat american madhyam vargacha aakar jaagtik sarasaripeksha qamee asel. haah farak 'arthshastradnya' aanee itar anek pratimanmadhil vyakhyanmadhil atyant farkamule aahe.
2010 madhye, oo. see. dii. chya eka karyakari patrat asey mhatale gele hote qee 1.8 abj lock aata jaagtik "madhyam vargache" sadasya aahet. aktoobar 2014 madhye prasiddha jhalelya credit suischya jaagtik sampatti ahwal 2014 madhye, andaj vartavanyat aala aahe qee eka abj praudh "madhyam vargache" aahet, jyanchya sampattichi maryada $10,000 teey $100,000 chya darmyan aahe.
pyu sanshodhan kendrane kelelya abhyasanusar, 2011 madhye jagatil ekoon loksankhyepaiki 16 takke lock 'uchch-madhyam utpann' aanee 'uchch utpann' hote.
april 2019 chya oo. eae. dii. ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee sahasrabdi pidhila sampoorn pashchatya jagaat madhyamvargatun baher kadhale jaat aahe.
russia.
2012 madhye, rashiyatil 'madhyamvarg' haah ekoon loksankhyechya 15 takke asalyacha andaj hota. shashvat vadhimule, sankatapurvichi patali olandali gelee hotee. 2015 madhye, russian academy auph scienceschya sanshodhanat assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee russian loksankhyepaiki sumare 15 takke lock 'drudhpane madhyamvargiy' aahet, tarr sumare 25 takke lock 'parighavar' aahet.
chean.
chean shatkachya suruvatipasun cheencha madhyamvarg lakshaniy pramanat vadhala aahe. dhoranatmak aanee aantarrashtriy abhyas kendrachya matey, 2013 paryant, sumare 42 kotee lock, kinwa chiinii loksankhyechya 31 takke lock madhyam varg mhanoon patra tharale. jaagtik bankechya madhyam vargachya vyakhyechya aadhare, jyanchya dainandin kharch 10 teey 50 dollar darmyan aahe, 2017 paryant chinmadhil sumare 40 takke loksankhyela madhyamvarg manale gele.
bharat.
bharatatil madhyamvargiy lokanchya sankhyenusar andaj mothya pramanat badaltat. badaltat eka lekhat bharatiy madhyamvargala 7 teey 10 kotichya darmyan thewale aahe. eka abhyasanusar 1990 paryant bharatatil madhyamvarg 60 teey 8 kotichya darmyan hota. 'arthshastradnya' chya matey, 2017 paryant bharatatil 78 dashalaksh loksankhya madhyamvargiy manali jaate, jarr tyachi vyakhya darroj 10 dollarpeksha jaast jaast cutoffcha vapar karoon kelee gelee tarr, heey bharatachya rashtriy upayojit aarthik sanshodhan parishadene vaparlele manak aahe. darroj 2 teey 10 dollar darmyan utpann asalelyancha samavesh kelyas hii sankhya 6 kotee 40 lakhanparyant vadhate. sanshodhakanni yala 'naveen madhyamvarg' asey sambodhale. vicharat ghetalelya upayayojananmadhye bhoogol, jivanshaili, utpann aanee shikshan yancha samavesh aahe. 2018 madheel jaagtik asamanata ahavalane pudhe assa nishkarsh kadhala qee uchchabhru (i.eae. pahilya 10 takke) madhyamvargachya tulanet adhik darane sampatti jamaa karat aahet, jyamule bharatacha madhyamvarg vadhanyaivaji aakarane qamee hott aahe.
africa.
manak banq arthshastradnya sayman freemantal yanni 2014 madhye kelelya abhyasanusar, sarvekshan kelelya 11 african deshanmadhil ekoon 15.3 laakh ghare madhyamvargiy aahet. yamadhye angola, ethiopia, ghaana, keeniya, mosambic, nigeria, dakshin sudan, sudan, tanzania, uganda aanee zambia yancha samavesh aahe. dakshin aafriket, 2015 madhye institute phaur race relationsne kelelya ahavalat assa andaj vartavanyat aala aahe qee vividh nikashannusar dakshin aafriketil 10 teey 20 takke lock madhyamvargiy aahet. purvichya eka abhyasat assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee dakshin aafriketil 2008 21.3% lock madhyam vargache sadasya hote.
eae. aay. yuu. canbackchya abhyasanusar 90 takke africi lokanche utpann darroj 10 dollarpeksha qamee aahe. 2004 aanee 2014 darmyan, madhyamvargiy africi lokanche praman (dakshin africa vagalata) 4.4 takkyanvarun keval 6.2 takkyanparyant vadhale. yach kalavadhit, uchch madhyam utpannache praman (divasala $20-$50) 1.4 takkyanvarun 2.3 takkyanparyant gele.
german vikas sansthechya 2014 chya abhyasanusar, up-sahara aafriketil madhyamvarg 1990 teey 2010 darmyan 1 kotee 40 lakhanvarun 3 kotee 10 lakhanparyant vadhala.
lattin america.
gelya kahee varshant lattin american madhyam vargachya aakarache andaj vegvegale aahet. 1960 chya eka abhyasat asey mhatale gele aahe qee sampoorn lattin americetil madhyam star, keval bharatiyancha samavesh asalela, rashtriy samajachya keval 20 takkyanpeksha qamee aahe. 1964 chya abhyasat assa andaj vartavanyat aala aahe qee 45 dashalaksh lattin american shahari madhyam vargache, tarr 1.5 kotee shahari shrimantanche aanee 80 laakh grameen madhyamvargache aanee shrimantanche aahet. eka andajanusar, brazilmadhye 1970 saalee loksankhyechya 12 takke lock nimn madhyamvargatil hote, tarr 3 takke lock uchch madhyamvargatil hote. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat eka pradhikaranane assa andaj vartavala hota qee brazilchya madhyam vargacha loksankhyechya 15 teey 25 takke darmyan samavesh hota. eka abhyasanusar, 1970 paryant argentinachya madhyam vargacha aarthikdrushtya sakriy loksankhyechya 38 takke hota, tarr brazilmadhye 19 takke aanee mexicomadhye 24 takke hota. jaagtik bankechya abhyasanusar, 2003 teey 2009 yaa kalat madhyamvargiy asalelya lattin american lokanchi sankhya 10 kotee 30 lakhanvarun 15 kotee 20 lakhanvar pohochali.

