bersafelencus zylophilus

samanyatah pine lakud nematode kinwa pine wilt nematode (pii. aine.) mhanoon olakhala jaanara bersafelencus zylophilus hii nematodchi eka prajati aahe jee shankuchya zadanchya "pinus" vanshatil zadanna sankramit karate aanee pine rogas karanibhoot tharate. uttar americet moolcha asala taree, too 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila japanmadhye aanee shatkachya uttaradhat chean, taiwan aanee koriyasah aashiyatil itar bhaganmadhye, tasech portugal aanee spains europemadhye pasarla.
itihas.
japanmadhil devdar mrutyuchi nond pahilyanda 1905 madhye nagasaki prantatil munemoto yano (<unk> Â) yanni kelee.
sutrakrumicha shodh pahilyanda americetil louisiana yetheel lamb pananchya devdar ("pinus paleustries") chya lakadamadhye lagla. steiner aanee burhararne nondavale qee sutrakrumi hii eka naveen prajati hotee aanee tyanni 1934 madhye tyala 'ephelencoid zylophilus' asey naav dile. 1969 madhye japani vanaspati rogshastradnya tomoya kiohara (<unk>) aanee yozan tokushige (<unk>) yanni japanmadhil kyushu betambhovati mrut devdar zadanvar anek aparichit sutrakrumi shodhalya. tyanantar, tyanni prayogikdrushtya nirogi devdar aanee itar shankuchya zadanna sutrakruminche lasikaran kele aanee tyanche nirikshan kele. nirogi devdarchi zaade nasht jhaali-visheshtah japani laal devdar ("pinus densiflora") aanee japani kaala devdar ("pii. thunbergy "). tathapi, jacq pine ("pru. banxiana), lobloli pine (pru. teda), sugi redwood (cryptomeria japonica) aanee hinoki cyprus (chamesiparis obtusa) zaade tikoon rahoo shakali. 1971 madhye sanshodhakanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee nematode haah rogkarak hota, joou japani devdar zadanchya uchch mrutyudarat prathamik yogdan denara hota.
1972 madhye, yasuharu mamia (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> 1981 chya punarvargikaranane american aanee japani swarupanna 'buub' mhanoon ekatra kele. zylophilus ".
japanmadhye, visheshtah ubdar, koradya unhalyat, pine wilt nematodchi saathee jhaali aahe.
1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, chean, taiwan aanee koriyasah japanbaheril aashiyatil itar deshanmadhye sutrakrumicha prasar jhalyache disun aale aanee nantar portugal aanee spains europemadhye tyache darshan jhaale. portugalchya jangalanvar visheshtah parinam jhaala aahe, kaaran sarvat mubalak prajati, sagari devdar, jyamadhye serve zadanpaiki jawaljawal done trutiyansh zaade asatat, teey sutrakrumisathi sanvedanshil asatat. 1990 chya dashakat, mexico aanee nigeriamadhye sutrakrumicha aanakhi prasar nondavala gela.
anek ghatakanmule sutrakrumeenchya jaagtik prasarat yogdan midale aahe, jyat manvi kriyakalap, visheshtah badhit lakud niryat, tasech hawaman badal aanee paryavaraniy aswasthata yancha samavesh aahe.
aakarvidnyan.
bersafelencus' vanshatil prajatinmadhye farak karane katheen aahe kaaran tyaa aakarshastrat samaan aahet. nirbandh tukadyachya lambichya bahurupatesarkhya (aar. eff. ell. pii.) aanvik vishleshanadvare sakaratmak olakh nirman kelee jaau shakate.
"buub. zylophilus teen vaishishtyandvare olakhale jaateh tokavar spiculeche chapatalane diskchya aakarachya 'kakadi' madhye kele jaate, samoril yonimargatil oth flapsarkhe asatat aanee madichi shepati golakar asate.
jivanchakra.
pine wilt nematodche eka vaishishtyapurn nematode jivanchakra asate, jyat chaar kishoravasthetil tappe aanee laingik punarutpadan punarutpadan purush aanee stree asha donhi vyaktinsah eka praudh tappa asato. jivanchakracha mycophagus tappa mrut kinwa soyerna lakadamadhye hoto, jithe sutrakrumi lakadapeksha burshi khatat aanee khatat. sutrakrumi swatantrapane lakadachya baher pravas karoo shakat nahee; tee keetak vahakadvare vahoon nene aavashyak aahe.
"buub. zylophilusche jivanchakra konatyahi dnyat parjivi sutrakrumeenpeksha sarvat lahan aahe. prayogshaletil abhyasanmadhye jyamadhye teey burshijanya madhyamanvar sanvardhit kele jaate, tyache jivanchakra chaar divasant purn hote. nisargat teey unhalyat sarvat vegane punarutpadan karate, jyamule mothya sankhyene vyakti tayar hotat jyaa sanvedanshil pinechya raal kalwa pranalimadhye, khod, fandya aanee mulanmadhye pasaratat. jarr jiwant vruksh peshi aata upalabdh nastil tarr parjivi raal kalvyanmadhye kalvyanmadhye burshijanya hyphela aahar detat aanee punarutpadit karatat. jaree sutrakrumi sharad rututil aanee hivalyat nishkriy hote, taree teey jaast hivalyadarmyan devdarchya zadanmadhye tikoon rahatat.
pachan.
kikuchi aanee itar 2009 yanni anek cellulose bandhan prathinancha andaj vartavala aahe. heey yajmananchya swatachya vistaransarkhech aahet.
vahak.
jevha sutrakrumi aadhalali, tevha mrut devdar zadanvar 'soyer bittle' varanvar aadhalala, joou sutrakrumicha eka mahattvacha vahak siddha karato aanee sutrakrumi nirogi devdar zadanna sankramit karate. jevha praudh bhring tarun devdar fandya khatat tevha sutrakrumi bhrungatoon baher padatat aanee nirogi devdar zadanna sankramit karatat.
pine wilt nematode haah anek saal bhring aanee lakud chhidrankandware pasarato, jeey samanyatah pine soarschya "monocamus" jatishi sambandhit asatat. devdarche soyer mrut lakadachya salat tyanchi undy ghalatat. vadhanare alya lakud khatat aanee parinami parinami pokalimadhye pupets. pupets kishoravasthetil sutrakrumi heey pyupachya sabhovatalachya pokalit ekatra yetat, chauthya kishoravasthetil tappyat villin hotat aanee praudh bhrunganchya shwasanalikevar aakraman karatat. yaa vikhuralelya tappyat, bhring sutrakrumichi itar zadanmadhye vahtook karato.
wilt aanee spreadchi yantrana.
prarambhik sutrakrumi sansargapasun teey parinami devdarchya zadacha mrutyu honyachi yantrana purnapane samajali nahee. vrukshacha antim mrutyu sutrakrumichya panyache sevan rokhanyamule hoto. sutrakrumidware tayar kelelya lahan havechya bhaganmule zylem uutinmadhye haveche antahstrav hotat jeey panyachi halchal rokhatat. embolismule sutrakrumi kinwa pine peshiche tylose hott nahee kinwa tee bund hott nahee. pokalikaran aanee ulat naan karata yenyajogya embolismche kaaran purnapane samajale nahee. prathamik sankramanamadhye, jevha bhring ekhadya sanvedanshil yazman devdarala aahar deto, tevha devdar wilt nematode zadamadhye pravesh karato aanee raal nalikanna reshet asalelya upakala peshinna aahar deto. yala sutrakrumicha phytophagus tappa mhanatat aanee tyamule pine wilt rog hoto. sankramit zadachya uutinmadhil jalvahatuk viskalit hote aanee haah rog kahee aathvadyanitakach qamee kalavadhit prakat houu shakato. lakshananmadhye suya tapkiri hone kinwa paaney pivali padane yancha samavesh hoto aanee done teey teen mahinyant zaad maroo shakate.
pratikar shreni.
furuno (1982) neey japani jangalat devdaranchi zaade ubhi asalyache nirikshan kele aanee devdar lakadachya sutrakrumeenchya pratikarshaktiche sthan dile. uchch pratirodhak" pine heey sutrakrumidware kvachitach marle jaatat, parantu kamkuvat sthiteet asaleli tarun rope kinwa zaade maran pavoo shakatat.
europemadhye suru asalele upkram.
european aayogane vanaspatinsathi hanikarak prajatinviruddha sanrakshanatmak upayayojana kelya aahet. buub" laa lakshya karnari vishisht dhorane. 2012 madhye european unionchya serve sadasya deshanmadhye vistar honyapurvi portugalmadhil zylophilus 2006 madhye lagoo karnyat aale hote. 2015 madhye, aapatkalin upayayojananni atisanvedanshil lakadachi vyakhya aanakhi vistarli.
kshetrat vyavasthapan.
japanmadhye, shastradnya aanee vanikaran vanikaran asey vatate qee sarvat prabhavi pratibandhatmak tantra mhanje sutrakrumiche vahak, soyer bhring kadhoon takane. soyerna soyerna kinwa mrut devdar jhadajaval ugavayala aavadate, mhanoon pudhil vasant rutuparyant hii zaade kapanyacha sallah deela jaato. tyanantar lakadatil soyer alya aanee pyupa nasht karnyasathi lakud chirun, jaalun kinwa kitakanashakane favarani kelee jaate. praudh soyer vasant rutuchya uttaradhat kinwa unhalyachya suruvatila lakadatoon baher padatat. teey tarun devdar vaadh khanyas suruvat karatat aanee zadavar sutrakrumi pasaravatat. parinami, itar zadanna sutrakrumicha sansarg houu naye mhanoon yaa velee praudh katri marane fayadeshir tharate. japanmadhye, organophosphorus sanyuge aanee phenetrotheon, malathian, acetamiprid aanee thycloprid yasarkhe neonicotinoids samanyatah praudh soyerver upchar karnyasathi vaparale jaatat. tathapi, anek paryavaranvadi neonicotinoid-aadharit kitkanashakanchya vaparala virodh karatat.
sadhya sanshodhan suru asalelya soyerver upchar karnyasathi jaiv kitakanashake hii aanakhi eka sambhavya paddhat aahe. entomathogenic burshi, kathfodi aanee kahee parjivi kinwa shikar kitkancha tapas keela jaat aahe.
yaa rogacha anavdhanane prasar rokhanyasathi united states aanee canadamadhil upchar naan kelelya lakadavar nirbandh ghalanyat aale aahet. vyavasthapan paddhatinni sutrakrumicha prasar rokhanyasathi laksh kendrit kele aahe. sankramit zaade kapali jaatat aanee ektar jaalun kinwa chirun takali jaatat, vahakadvare andakosh houu naye mhanoon mauu lakadache lakud tyachya salapasoon kadhoon takale jaate aanee paradeshat pathavalelya serve lakudala ektar dhuliche kinwa bhatti-valavale jaate. yaa pratibandhatmak upayayojanantarhi portugalmadhye sutrakruminchi pushti jhaali aahe aanee ajunahi europemadhye tyacha aanakhi prasar houu shakato.
japanmadhye, haah rog rokhanyasathi kahee sutrakrumeenashakancha vapar keela jaato. udaharanarth, morantel, mesulphanephos, levamisol, imamectin, milbemectin aanee thionazine. kahee jaiv kitkanashakancha abhyasahi keela jaat aahe, parantu teey prayogik tappyat aahet. nematophagus burashiche sankramit zadanna lasikaran karane haah rogavar sambhavya upchar asoo shakato.

