
vishisht naav (pranishastra)

pranishastriy namkaranamadhye, vishisht naav (vishisht visheshan kinwa prajati visheshan dekhil) haah prajatichya vaidnyanik navatil (dwipadi) dusra bhag (dusare naav) aahe. prajatichya navacha pahila bhag mhanje vansh kinwa samanya naav. prajatiche naveen naav denyababatche niyam aanee kayade lekhatil prajatichya varnanat spasht kele aahet. udaharanarth, manavanche vaidnyanik naav 'homo sapiens' aahe, jeey prajatiche naav aahe, jyamadhye done nave aaheth 'homo' heey 'samanya naav' (vanshanche naav) aanee 'sapiens' heey 'vishisht naav' aahe.
aitihasikdrushtya, 'vishisht naav' mhanje aata generic aanee vishisht nave mhanoon olakhalya jaananya navanchya sanyojanacha sandarbh asato. carl linaeus, jyane dwipadi namkaran aupcharik kele, tyane vishisht, samanya aanee kshullak navanmadhye spasht farak keela. samanya naav vanshanche hote, dvipaditil pahile, kshullak naav heey dvipaditil dusare naav hote aanee vishisht shabd haah donhichya sanyogasathi yogya shabd hota. udaharanarth, vaghache dwipadi naav, 'panthera tigris':
18 vya shatkapasoon 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant haah yogya vapar hota, jaree anek lekhak kshullak aanee vishisht navanmadhil farkambaddal anbhidnya hote aanee visangat aanee chukicha vapar jaree zoological namkaran aantarrashtriy sanhita dekhil disu lagla.
prajatinchya navanche vyakaran.
vyakarandrushtya, shabd moolatah konatya bhashetoon ghetale gele asale taree, dwipadila (aanee trikoni shabd dekhil) lattin vakyansh asalyasarkhe manale pahije. (yamule 'vaidnyanik naav' yaa adhik yogya vakyanaivaji 'lattin naav' yaa vakyanshachya lokpriy vaparas kahee pramanat samarthan milate.) vishisht naav lattin vyakaranachya kahee paramparanche palan karane aavashyak aahe. vishisht naav khalilpramane tayar kele jaau shakateh
vanaspatishastratil farak.
vanaspatishastriy namkaranamadhye, 'naav' nehmich 'mhanje' sampoorn naav '(prajatiche kinwa itar), tarr pranishastriy namkaranamadhye teey dvipadichya konatyahi bhagacha sandarbh gheu shakate. asha prakare 'hedera helics' (samanya ivy, ingraji ivy) heey prajatiche naav aahe; 'hedera' heey jaatiche naav aahe; parantu 'helics' laa 'vishisht naav' navhe tarr 'vishisht visheshan' mhanatat.