
jerusalemcha raja

jerusalemcha raja haah jerusalem samrajyacha sarvoch shasak hota, jyane jerusalemmadhe pahilya dharmayuddhatil lattin catholic netyanni 1099 madhye shahar jinkale tevha sthapan kelelya eka dharmayuddhakartya rajyachi sthapana kelee.
jerusalem samrajyacha pahila shasak, boilanchya godfrene, tyaeivaji rajachi padvi nivadanyas nakar deela, jee pavitra kabarichya charchchi vakeel kinwa snrakshak aahe. 1100 madhye, godfrecha uttaradhikari pahila baldwin haah raja mhanoon mukut ghatalela pahila shasak hota. 1187 madhye jerusalemmadhil dharmayuddhaviranvar vijay midavala gela, parantu tyanche jerusalemche rajya tikoon rahile, 1191 madhye rajdhani ekarmadhye halavali gelee. sahavya dharmayuddhat, 1229-1239 aanee 1241-1244 darmyan dharmayuddhakartyanni jerusalem shahar punha tabyat ghetale.
ekar jameen kosalalyane aanee 1291 madhye pavitra bhoomivaril dharmayuddha sampalyane jerusalemche rajya akheris visarjit jhaale.
crusader rajyanche astitva sampushtat aalyanantarhi, sayprasachya rajankadoon kinwa napleschya rajankadoon aalelya anek european kuleen gharanni 'jerusalemcha raja' yaa padvicha dawa keela hota aanee spaincha sadhyacha raja tyavar dawa karato.
jerusalemche raje (1099-1291).
jerusalem rajyachi utpatti pahilya dharmayuddhat jhaali, jevha churchche rajya mhanoon shaharavar rajya karnyache prastav nakarle gele. 1099 madhye boilancha godfrey jerusalemcha pahila lattin shasak mhanoon nivadala gela aanee bethlehemmadhil church auph daad netivitimadhye tyache udghatan jhaale. tyane rajkumar aanee 'vakeel pavitra sepultury' hii padvi ghetali, jyacha arth pavitra kabarichya charchcha samarthak assa hoto. jerusalemmadhe keval khristach mukut ghaloo shakato yaa matala heey kadachit pratisad mhanoon hote. "advocatates' hii eka ashee padvi hotee jichyashi godfrey aadhich parichit hota kaaran hii sandnya jyaa bhoomivar dharmayuddhavirancha ugam jhaala tyaa deshanmadhye mothya pramanat vaparali jaat hotee; tee charchchya malmattanche sanrakshn aanee prashasana karananya samanya manasachi hotee. pudhchya varshi, godfrey maran pavala. tyacha bhau baldwin pahila haah rajachi padvi vaparnara pahila aanee jerusalemmadhilach pavitra kabarichya charchmadhye rajacha mukut ghatanara pahila hota.
jerusalemche rajya anshatah nivadak aanee anshatah aanuvanshik hote. 12vya shatkachya madhyat rajyachya unchichya kalat eka shahee kutumb aanee varshachi tulanene spasht resha hotee. tarisuddha, rajachi nivad jhaali, kinwa kiman manyata midali, uchch nyayalayadvare. yethe rajala (samatulyanpaiki pratham) eka pramukh antar-peres manale jaat asey aanee tyachya anupasthitit tyachi kartavye tyachya senesaldware paar padali jaat asat.
1160chya dashakapasun vaparat aalela uddeshane bandhalela shahee rajwada jerusalemchya killyachya dakshines hota. jerusalem rajyane french saranjamdar sanrachananchi leventmadhye olakh karoon dilee. rajakade vaiyaktikaritya rajkshetrat samavisht kelelya anek jagir hotya, jyaa pratyek rajanusar badalat asat. jaree heey kartavya eka havaldarakade sopavale jaau shakat asale, taree rajyala yuddhat nenyasathi dekhil too jababdar hota.
anek samkalin europeey rajye kendrikrut rajeshahikade vatchal karat asatana, jerusalemcha raja tyachya sarvat majboot rajvatdarankadun satat satta gamavat hota. heey anshatah anek rajanche tarun vay aanee kulinanchya padavaril rajpratinidhinchi varanvarta yamule hote.
1187 madhye jerusalemchya patananantar, rajyachi rajdhani ekarmadhye halavanyat aalee, jithe tee 1291 paryant rahili, jaree rajyabhishek tyremadhye jhaala.
yaa kalat rajpad heey sahasa keval nammatra padd hote, jeey pratyakshat kadhihi ekarat naan rahana european shasakachya tabyat hote. tarun conrad tisra raja asatana aanee dakshin germanymadhye rahat asatana, tyachya vadilancha dusra chulat bhau, hugg auph bryan yane jerusalem rajyachya rajpratinidhitvavar aanee apratyakshapane, uttaradhikaramadhye tyache sthan asalyacha dawa keela. 1264 madhye ranee isabela pahilichi dusari mulgi, hugg hii tyanchya mothya mulicha mulga asalyane, shampenchya elisacha jyeshth vanshaj aanee yogya varas mhanoon haah dawa karnyat aala hota. parantu uchch nyayalayane tyacha chulat bhau, antyokhiyacha hugg, sayprasacha bhavee hugg tisra aanee jerusalemcha hugg pahila yanchya bajoone tyala manjur kele.
1268 madhye sisilichya charles pahila yane conrad tisra yala fashi dilyanantar, rajpad lucignan kutumbakade hote, jeey ekach velee sayprasache raje hote. tathapi, sisilichya charles pahila yane 1277 madhye rajyachya varsapaiki ekache haqq vikat ghetale.
tyaa varshi tyane sansverinochya rogarla tyacha dandadhikari mhanoon purvekade pathavale. rojarne ekar jameen tabyat ghetali aanee barrenkadoon jabardastine aadaranjali midavali. cicilian vesparsamule 1282 madhye roserla parat bolavanyat aale aanee tyane tyachya jaagi odo poilechinla rajya karnyasathi sodale. tyachi sansadhane aanee adhikar qamee hote aanee jerusalemcha raja mhanoon tyachya rajyabhishekakarta sayprasmadhun aala tevha sayprasacha heinry dusra yane tyala baher kadhale.
1291 madhye mamluksne ekar jameen tabyat ghetali, jyamule mukhya bhoomivaril yoddhachi upasthiti nasht jhaali.
anjouche ghar (1153-1205).
1127 madhye, phulk vhee, count auph anjaula jerusalemcha raja baldwin dusra yachyakadun eka dutavas midala. baldwin dusra yala purush varas navhate, parantu tyane aadhich tyachya mulichi melisendela tyachya jaagi niyukt kelee hotee. dusya baldwinla aaplya mulicha varsa eka shaktishali swamishi vivah karoon vachvayacha hota. phulk haah eka shrimant yoddha aanee anubhavi lashkari senapati aanee vidhur hota. yaa kshetratil tyacha anubhav nehmi yuddhachya vilakhyat asalelya simavarti rajyat amoolya tharel.
tathapi, fulkne keval ranichya patnipeksha changlya atinsathi prayatna kele; tyala melicendesobat raja vhayache hote. fulkche bhagya aanee lashkari karnamyanvar chintan karoon, baldwin dusra yane hokar deela. tyanantar fulkne aaplya mulacha geophrela aaplya padavya deuun deela aanee jerusalemcha raja honyasathi jahajane pravas keela, jithe tyane 2 juuna 1129 roji melisendeshi vivah keela. nantar baldwin dusra yane 1130 madhye janmalelya phulk, baldwin tisra, yane tichya mulacha ekmev palak banavoon rajyamadhye melisendeche sthan majboot kele.
1131 madhye baldwin dusra yachya mrutyunantar phulk aanee melisende heey jerusalemche sanyukt shasak banale. suruvatipasunach fulkne melisende vagalata sarkarche ekmev niyantran sweekarle. tyane anjaupasoon teey sthanik kuleen vargaparyant deshbandhvanna pasanti dilee. uttarela asalelya itar yoddha rajyanna bheeti hotee qee baldwin dusra yane kelyapramane, phulk tyanchyavar jerusalemche varchasva ladanyacha prayatna karel; parantu phulk tyachya mrut sasyapeksha khoopach qamee shaktishali asalyane, uttarekadil rajyanni tyacha adhikar nakarla.
jerusalemmadhehi, pahilya dharmayuddhapasun tethe vadhalelya jerusalem khrishchananchya dusya pidhine fulkcha santap vyakt keela. yaa "sthanik" lokanni melisendecha chulat bhau, leey puisetcha lokpriy hoog dusra, count auph jaafa, joou ranila samarpitpane nishthavan hota, tyachyavar laksh kendrit kele. phulk hagkade pratispardhi mhanoon pahat asey aanee 1134 madhye hagcha pardafash karnyasathi, melisendechya vishvasghatacha tyachyavar aarop keela. hugg yane nishedharth bund kele aanee askalonchya muslimanshi yutee karoon swatahla jafashi jodale. tyachya virodhat tainat kelelya sainyala too purn takdine parabhoot karoo shakala, parantu hii paristhiti tiku shakali nahee. kadachit melisendechya sangnyavarun kulgurune sangharshat madhyasthi kelee. fulkne shantatesathi sahmati darshavali aanee haghala teen varshansathi rajyatoon haddapar karnyat aale, hii eka saumya shiksha hotee.
matra, hagchya hatyecha prayatna karnyat aala. phulk kinwa tyache samarthak yala jababdar manale jaat hote, jaree thet purava kadhich samore aala nahee. rajvadyat jhalelya uthavapramane ranichya pakshala sarkar tabyat ghenyasathi yaa ghotalyachi garaj hotee. lekhak aanee itihaskar bernard hamilton yanni lihile qee fulkche samarthak rajvadyat "tyanchya jiwala dhoka nirman karoon gele". samkalin lekhak aanee itihaskar william auph tyre yanni phulkabaddal lihile aahe qee, "tyane kadhihi pudhakar ghenyacha prayatna keela nahee, agadi kshullak babinmadhye dekhil, (melisendechya) sammatishivay". yacha parinam assa jhaala qee melisende yanche 1136 pasoon sarkarvar thet aanee nirvivad niyantran hote. 1136chya kahee kalapurvi fulkne tyachya patnishi samet keela aanee amalric yaa dusya mulacha janm jhaala.
1143 madhye, raja aanee ranee ekarat suttivar asatana, shikar apghatat fulkcha mrutyu jhaala. tyrechya williamne varnan kelyapramane, tyacha ghoda adkhalala, padala aanee fulkchi kavati kathine chiradali gelee, aanee tyache mendu qaan aanee nasika yaa donhi bajunni baher vahat hote. tyala parat ekarmadhye nenyat aale, jithe too maranyapurvi teen divas beshuddha padala hota. tyala jerusalemmadhil pavitra kabarichya charchmadhye daphan karnyat aale. jaree tyanchya lagnachi suruvat sangharshat jhaali asali taree melisendene tyachyasathi khajgi tasech sarvajanikaritya shoke vyakt keela. fulkchya pashchat tyachi pahili patni anjoucha mulga geophrey aanee melisendecha baldwin tisra aanee amalic pahila assa parivar hota.
baldwin tisra 1143 madhye saha-shasak mhanoon tyachya icah sinhasanavar basala. tyachya suruvatichya karkirdit jerusalemchya tabyat ghenyababat tyachya aishe vaad jhaala hota, 1153 paryant, jevha tyane sarkarvar vaiyaktik taba midavala. 1163 madhye, too varsanshivay maran pavala aanee rajya tyachya bhavakade gele, amalic I, jaree amalicachya patni agnesla kulinanmadhye kahee virodh hota; 1157 madhye jevha baldwin III ajunahi varasdar niyukt karnyas saksham hota tevha teey lagn swikaranyas tayar hote, parantu aata "haut court" neey amalicala raja mhanoon manyata denyas nakar deela joparyant tyache agnesshee asalele lagn radd kele gele nahee. agnesberoberchi shatrutva, heey manya karane aavashyak aahe, tyremadhil itihaskar william, jyala tine anek dashakannantar jerusalemche lattin kulguru bananyapasun rokhale, tasech ernaulsarkhya viliyamchya satatyapurn vyaktinkadun atishayokti kelee jaau shakate, jeey tichya naitik charitryavar thodese sanket detatah "qaar tail aine 'kwee roin doee istray dii see houte comey dii jerusalem" ("jerusalemsarkhya pavitra shaharasathi ashee ranee nasavi").
taridekhil, virodhi pakshasathi raktaranjitpana puresa hota. jaree agnessne jaafa aanee askelan hii padvi dharan karane suru thewale aanee tyaa jagirdaranchya utpannatun nivruttivetan prapt kele, taree amalrikne sahmati darshavali aanee patnishivay sinhasanavar basala. charchane nirnay deela qee agnesschi mule vaidh aahet aanee uttaradhikar kramanusar tyanche sthan jatan kele. tyanchya madhyamatoon agness jawaljawal 20 varshe jerusalemmadhe khoop prabhav padtil. almarikchya jaagi tyacha mulga agness, baldwin chautha aala.
almarikchi pahili patni agness auph courtney aata seadonchya reginaldshee vivahabaddha jhaali hotee; maria comnena, hii dayavati ranee, hiney 1177 madhye ibelinechya baliyanshi vivah keela hota. agness, sibila hitchy mulgi, aadhich vayachi hotee, eka mulachi aaee hotee aanee spashtapane tichya bhavachya jaagi yenyachya majboot sthiteet hotee, parantu mariyachi mulgi isabellah hiila tichya savatra vadilanchya kutumbacha, ibellinscha pathimba hota.
1179 madhye, baldwinne bargandichya tisya hugshi sibilashi lagn karnyacha vichar suru keela, parantu 1180 chya vasant rutuparyant heey adyap nirakaran jhaale navhate. tripolichya raymond tisra yane uthav karnyacha prayatna keela aanee bohemand tisra gheuun jerusalemvar kooch karnyas suruvat kelee, jenekarun rajala tyachya bahiniche lagn tyachya swatachya pasantichya sthanik umedvarashi, bahudha baliyancha motha bhau, ibelinchya baldwinshee karnyas bhag padale jaau shakate. yacha pratikar karnyasathi, rajane ghaighaine tiche lagn amalarikcha dhakata bhau, rajyachya hawaldar lucignan yachyashi kele. rajyala bahya lashkari madatichi shakyata aananyasathi paradeshi samna aavashyak hota. naveen french raja phillip dusra alpavayin asalyane, rajacha jagirdar mhanoon aanee englandcha sibilacha pahila chulat bhau heinry dusra-jyane popala prayashchittachi tirthayatra dilee hotee-yacha darja upayukt tharala.
1182 paryant, baldwin chautha, tyachya kushtharogamule adhikadhik aksham hott asatana, tyala 'bellie' asey naav denyat aale. remandane yala virodh keela, parantu pudhchya varshi jevha tyaa vyakticha baldwinshee sambandh tutala, tevha tyala punha 'bellie' mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee tyala berutcha taba denyat aala. baldwinne raymond aanee haut courtshee, tichya pahilya lagnadware sibilalacha mulga, tyacha varasdar, sibilala aanee tyaa vyaktipurvi, montferratcha baldwin banavanyasathi karar keela. remandchya adhyakshatekhali 1183 madhye jhalelya eka samarambhat mulala baldwin wii mhanoon saha-raja mhanoon mukut ghatala gela. jarr mulga tyachya alpasankhyak kalat maran pavala tarr tyache natevaik-ingland aanee franceche raje aanee pavitra roman samrat fredrick pahila-aanee popparyant rajpratinidhitva "sarvat yogya varasdaranna" jaeel yavar sahmati jhaali. yaa "sarvat yogya varas" chee nave denyat aalee navhati.
baldwin chautha 1185 chya vasant rutumadhye maran pavala aanee tyacha putanya tyachya jaagi aala. raymond haah "bellie" hota, parantu tyane baldwin wii. chey vaiyaktik palakatva, tyachya mamache kaka, edesache joselin tisra yanna dile hote, assa dawa karat qee jarr balkat nasalele mool marnar asel tarr tyala shanka yeu ichchit nahee. baldwin wii 1186 chya unhalyat ekarat maran pavala. donhi bajunni baldwin chauthyachya ichchekade laksh dile nahee.
antyasanskaranantar, joselinane tichya bhavacha uttaradhikari mhanoon sibilalache naav thewale, jaree tichya vadilanni tichya aaeela ghatasfot dilyachya barobarine, teela naveen patni nivadanyachi parvanagi dilee jaeel yaa hamisah, teela ghatasfot ghenanya vyaktila manya karave lagale. ekada mukut ghatalyavar tine lagech tyaa manasacha mukut ghatala. darmyan, raymond ballion aanee mariyachya gharee asalelya nabalasmadhye gela hota aanee rajkumari isabela aanee ibellinschya nishthavant serve kulinanna bolavale hote. tyaeivaji remandla teela aanee ticha patee humphrey IV auph torrencha mukut ghalayacha hota. tathapi, humphrey, jyache savatra vadil chattillanche reynold heey tyaa manasache mitra hote, tyanni tyala sodoon dile aanee tyaa vyaktishi aanee sibilashi nishtha thevanyachi shapath ghetali.
rajpratinidhi.
rajanchi varanvar anupasthiti kinwa alpasankhyakatemule rajyachya astitvamadhye anek vela rajpratinidhinchi niyukti karane aavashyak hote.
nantarche dave.
varshanuvarshe, anek european shasakanni rajyache yogya varas asalyacha dawa keela. tathapi, yapaiki konatyahi davedarane pratyakshat bahyaprapatachya konatyahi bhagavar nikal dilela naheeh