robbert ledley

shariravidnyan aanee jaivbhautikiche pradhyapak aanee georgetown vidyapithatil vaidyakeey vidyalayatil radiologyche pradhyapak robbert steven ledley (28 juuna 1926-24 julai 2012) yanni jivashastra aanee aushadhanmadhye electronic digital sanganakanchya vaparache pranetepad bhushavale. 1959 madhye tyanni 'vidnyan' madhye done prabhavshali lekh lihileh 'vaidyakeey nidanache tarkbuddhiche aadhar' (lii bii saha. lusted) aanee "biomedical sciencemadhil digital electronic sanganak". donhi lekhanni jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhak aanee vaidyanna sanganak tantradnyanacha avalamb karnyas protsahit kele.
1960 madhye tyanni rashtriy jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhan sansthechi (aine. bii. aar. eff.) sthapana kelee, jee eka naa-napha sanshodhan sanstha aahe jee jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhanat sanganak aanee electronic upkarananchya vaparala protsahan denyasathi samarpit aahe. aine. bii. aar. eff. ledaline anek pramukh prakalpancha pathpurava kelah 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila digital svayanchalit sangankavar (fidac) chitrapat inputcha vikas, jyane gunasutranche vishleshan svayanchalit kele; 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat svayanchalit sanganakikrut anuprastha aksheey (ecta) sampoorn shareer seaty scannercha shodh; 'prathin anukram aanee sanrachaneche atlus' vyavasthapit karane (1965 madhye margaret oo. dehoff); aanee 1984 madhye prathine mahitee sansadhanachi sthapana. ledley yanni anek pramukh samvayask-punaravalokan kelelya jaivavaidhyakiy niyatkalikanche sampadak mhanoonahi kaam kele.
1990 madhye, ledalicha rashtriy shodhak holl auph femmadhye samavesh karnyat aala. 1997 madhye tyanna rashtriy tantradnyan padakane sanmanit karnyat aale. 2010 madhye teey aine. bii. aar. eff. chey adhyaksh aanee sanshodhan sanchalak mhanoon nivrutt jhaale.
kutumb aanee shikshan.
robbert ledalicha janm 28 juuna 1926 roji newyork shaharatil, us madheel, queens, flushing medos yethe jhaala. tyanche vadil joseph leevi heey lekhapal hote aanee tyanchi aaee kett leevi gruhini honyapurvi shaley shikshika hotee. robbertla eka baheen, marrian aanee eka savatra bhau, ralf hota. tinhi bhavandanche aadnav ledley asey hote.
flushingmadhil ledalichya balpanichya mitranmadhye margaret okale dehoff hote, jyanni nantar tyanchya karkirdicha bahutansh kaal rashtriy jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhan sansthemadhye kaam karnyat ghalavala aanee jee jaiv-mahitishastrachya kshetrachi sansthapak bunley.
ledley horace mann shalet shikala, jithun tyane 1943 madhye padvi prapt kelee.
kolambiya vidyapithat padvipurv vidyarthi mhanoon, vidyarthi mhanoon tyachya pahilya done varshant padvipurv aanee padvidhar abhyaskram ghet, ledaline bhautikshastrat utkrusht kamgiri kelee. matra, jevha tyane tyachya palakanna bhautikshastradnya bananyachya tyachya ichchhechi mahitee dilee, tevha tyanni yaa karanavarun aakshep ghetala qee tyaa kshetrat sthir sthir abhav asalyamule bhautikshastratil karkird tyachyasathi vyavharya honar nahee. tyaeivaji, tyanni tyala dantvaidhya mhanoon udarnirvah karnyacha aagrah keela. ledaline ekach velee donhi marganche anusaran karnyacha prayatna keela; tyane newyork vidyapith dantchikitsa mahavidhyalayat pravesh ghetala aanee kolambiya yethe bhautikshastratil shikshan suru thewale. divasa, ledley nyu yethe dantchikitsa prashikshan abhyaskram ghet asey, nantar teey bhautikshastratil sandhyakalche abhyaskram ghenyasathi sabavene kolambiyala jayache. 1948 madhye newpasoon dii. dii. prapt kelyanantar, ledley kolambiyamadhye bhautikshastracha purnavel padvidhar vidyarthi banala, jithe tyane aay. saha anek prasiddha bhautikshastradnyankadun abhyaskram ghetale.aay. raabee (jyane vinod keela qee ledley haah ekmev bhautikshastradnya hota joou manasacha daat odhu shakat hota), enrico fermi, hans bethe aanee jeey.aaa. duchaki. ledaline 1950 madhye kolambiyahoon bhautikshastrat emm. ess. prapt kele.
1949 madhye, ledaline queens collegemadhil ganitache shikshak aanee herbert watchtelchi baheen terry watchtell (janm 1926) hichyashi vivah keela. yaa jodpyala fred (janm 1954) aanee garry (janm 1957) ashee done mule hotee. 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila jevha heey jodape dii. see. bhagat gele, tevha aaplya mulanche sangopan karnyasathi kaam sodeparyant terry sanganak programmer mhanoon karyarat hote. donhi mulanni georgetown vidyapithatil vaidyakeey shaletoon padvi prapt kelee. fred ledley heey bentley vidyapithat naisargik aanee upayojit vidnyanache pradhyapak aahet aanee teey asankhya vaidnyanik shodhanibandh tasech 'sputnik' sha child '(2011) yaa kadambariche lekhak aahet. garry ledley heey drexel vidyapithashi sambandhit eka hrudayshastradnya aahet.
robbert ledley yanche 24 julai 2012 roji americetil maryland yetheel kensington yethe alzheimer aajarane nidhan jhaale.
prarambhik sanshodhan karkird.
yuu.ess. lashkarache dant sanshodhan.
1950 madhye, corian yuddh suru jhalyanantar thodyach velat, ledlishi yu. aii. neey sampark sadhala.ess. lashkari bharati adhikari, jyane tyala eka paryay dilah too yu. aii. madhye sameel honyasathi svayamsevak houu shakato.ess. first leftnunt mhanoon armi dental corps kinwa khajgi mhanoon payadalat saktine bharati kele jaave. ledaline tatadine swechhene kaam kele aanee tyala yuu. aii. kadey pathvanyat aale.ess. prashikshanasathi lashkari vaidyakeey kshetra seva shaala. kaaran ledalila bhautikshastrache prashikshan dekhil midale hote, tyala washington, dii. yetheel walter reed general hospitalmadhil dant sanshodhan vibhagat niyukt karnyat aale hote.see.
lashkarat asatana, ledley haah krutrim dant upkarane (jase qee denture) sudharanyasathi jababdar hota, jeey nantar lashkari lashkari mothya pramanat vaparale jaat hote. visheshtah, ledaline dantchikitsa aanee bhautikshastratil tyachya prashikshanavar eka pranali vikasit karnyasathi laksh vedhale jyamule dantvaidhyanna "chaghalanyacha coone" kinwa ekhadya vastoochya prushthbhagachya sapeksh pratyek datancha sarasari utaar (udaa.jee. annacha eka tukada) chawla jaat aahe. ledaline 1952 madhye american physical societiesmore heey kaam sadar kele aanee 'ganeet khote daat thevanyasathi vaparale jaate' yaa shirshakachya sambandhit vruttapatrachya batmidware tyane deshvyapi laksh vedhale."
manak purv svayanchalit sangankashi kaam qaraa.
dant prosthetiksavaril ledalichya karyamule teey national beuro auph standards dental materiyal research vibhagat asalelya sanshodhakanchya sahkaryane aale, jithe tyanna 1952 madhye lashkaratoon sutalyanantar sanshodhan nokarichi aupher denyat aalee. tethe tyala purvichya svayanchalit sangankashi nigadit manakancha samna karava lagla, joou sarvat aadhi sathavalelya electronic digital sangankanpaiki eka aahe. leedalicha seekashi pahila sanvad tyachi patni terridware jhaala, jine yantracha eka programmer mhanoon kaam kele-robertney swatah laa programs (chhidrit kagadi tepavar) aanee gharee aanalelya manual terrychi tapasani karoon program shikavale. ledaline tyachya dant sanshodhanasathi swatah seekcha vapar karnyas suruvat kelee, parantu eka kushal programmer aanee samasya nivarankarta siddha kelyanantar, tyane swatahla remot-niyantrit viman margadarshan pranalisah vividh prakarchya prakalpanvar seek (aanee nantar diacyk) saha purnavel kaam kartana pahile.
lidalisathi, seeksobat kaam kelyane tyachya karkirdibaddal aanee jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhanasathi sanganakache sambhavya mahatva yaa donhimbaddal eka upakhyan tayar jhaale. tyanni aathvan karoon dileeh "mallah purvi jaaniv jhaali hotee qee jaree, sankalpanatmakdrushtya, konatyahi jaivavaidhyakiy ghataneche varnan karnyasathi bhautikshastra samikarane lihili jaau shakatat, taree ashee samikarane itaki guntaguntichi asateel qee tee bund swarupat shakyatene sodavali jaau shakat naheet. asha prakare see. aii. see. haah majha ramban upay asel, kaaran samikarane samadhananchya sankhyatmak paddhatinsathi margkraman karnyayogya hotil. kinwa tyamule mea tyaa velee kharokhar vishvas thewala. teey majhe kshetra, jaivavaidhyakiy samasyansathi sanganakacha vapar, asey asanar hote."
operation research aanee aar. aine. aii. tye club.
jaree leadleyne 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatilach jaivavaidhyakiy samasya sodavanyasathi sanganakancha vapar karanyachi kalpana kelee hotee, taree too purnavel karkird suru karnyasathi anek varshe lagtil. rashtriy manak vibhagat, ledaliche kaam pramukhyane operation sanshodhanachya tantracha vapar karoon lashkari samasya sodavanyashi sambandhit hote. udaharanarth, tyanni 'operations research' yaa niyatkalikat eka lekh prakashit keela, jyamadhye lashkari nirnay ghenyachya guntaguntichya samasya itakya qamee karnyasathi booliyan bijganitacha vapar kassa karata yeil, qee satya sarnyancha aanee hoy kinwa nahee yaa prashnancha sangrah vaparoon tyanche nirakaran kase karata yeil heey dakhavale gele.
1954 madhye arthsankalpatil kapatinmule ledalichi nokri gelee tevha tyane aay. bii. emm. sathee kaam karnyacha prastav nakarla (jyane ledalichya ledalichya samuhikpane kamavar thewale). tyaeivaji, tyanna johns hopkins vidyapithatil operations research officemadhye 'operations research analyst' mhanoon nokri midali. tethe, tyanche kaam mukhytah lashkari samasyanvar kendrit rahile, parantu jivashastra, bhautikshastra, ganeet aanee sangananatil tyanchya kaushalyane tyanchya eka naveen oro oro, george gamo yanche laksh vedhoon ghetale. bigg bang cosmological modelmadhil yogdanasathi prasiddha asalelya gamone james dii. nantar lagechach aanvik jivashastrat rus ghetala hota. 1953 madhye watson aanee francis crick yanni dii. aine. aii. chee duheri helics rachana spasht kelee. gamocha assa vishvas hota qee ledalichi kaushalye anuvanshik code crack karnyat madat karnyat, mhanje dii. aine. aii. anukram prathinanmadhye kassa rupantarit hoto yaa samasyeche nirakaran karnyat mahattvachi tharoo shakatat. 1954 madhye, gamone ledalila ellitt aar. aine. aii. tye klabmadhye sameel honyasathi aamantrit kele; clubche itar kahee sadasya watson, crick, richard fenman, max delbrook, edward teller aanee sidney brainer hote.
aar. aine. aii. tye klabsathi ledaliche mukhya kaam mhanje nucleotide ksharancha konatahi teen-akshari kram (tippat) aanee konatehi amino aaml (prathinanche aadhar) yanchyatil parasparsanvad nirdharit karnara sanganak karyakram lihinyachya uddeshane aakasmik sarnyancha sanch tayar karnyacha prayatna hota. gamodware prayojit, ledaline 1955 madhye rashtriy vidnyan akadamichya karyavahimadhye tyache kaam prakashit kele. jaree ledaline eka sanyukt sarani tayar kelee hotee jee saiddhantikdrushtya dii. aine. aii. ksharancha konata teen-akshari kram konatya amino acidshee sambandhit aahe heey nirdharit karnyasathi vaparali jaau shakate, parantu yaa samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi jagatil sarvat vegwan sangankanvar (sumare 1955) anek hazar varshe gananecha vel aavashyak hota.
dii. aine. aii. chaa arth ulgadanyasathi sanganakancha vajvi paddhatine jalad vapar keela jaau shakat nahee heey siddha kelyanantar, ledley aar. aine. aii. tye klabpasoon door nighun gela. shevati 1961 chya nirenberg aanee mathei prayogat sanhita modanyat aalee, jyamadhye sanganak vaparale gele naheet aanee jeey aar. aine. aii. tye clubchya sadasyanni kele nahee.
vidyut abhiyantriki.
1956 madhye, ledley yanna george washington university school auph engineering andd applied sciencemadhye electrical engineeringche sahayyak pradhyapak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. tethe tyanni sanganak programingvaril kahee suruvatiche abhyaskram shikavale aanee 'digital sanganak aanee niyantran abhiyantriki' (1960) heey tyanche pahile pustak lihile. jee. doubleu. yuu. yethe, ledaline florida svayanchalit sanganak I aanee II vikat ghetala, jeey seekche done vanshaj hote, jyanna americi havai dalane atirikt mhanoon takoon dile hote, eka "ganana kendra" sthapan karnyachya uddeshane jeey sanganakancha vapar fredrick sangarchya prathinancha amino acid kram nishchit karnyachya prakriyes svayanchalit karnyasathi karel. tathapi, kendra kadhihi bandhale gele nahee, kaaran rashtriy aarogya sansthanni nidhisathi anudanasathi ledalichi vinanti nakarli aanee vidyapithane done prachand sanganak sthapit karnyachya aanee tyanna samarthan denyachya shakyatevar bharr deela.
lii bii. saha sahkarya. mohat.
lii bii. vidyut abhiyantrikichi parshvabhoomi asalele radiologist lusted (1922-1994) yanna 1956 madhye leadleyne operations research society auph americachya varshik baithakit 'aushadh aanee aarogyache operation-sanshodhan drushya' yaa shirshakache sadarikaran kelyanantar leedalichya karyabaddal jaaniv jhaali. baithakinantar, lalityane ledalila durdhvani keela aanee doghannahi aadhalale qee tyanna vaidyakshastra sudharanyasathi electronics aanee ganitacha vapar karnyat tivra rus aahe. electronics kinwa ganitache kvachitach jaast prashikshan asalele doctor aanee jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhak yanna tyanchya kamat electronic digital sanganak vaparane shikavanyache marg vikasit karnyasathi doghanni lagechach sahkarya karnyas suruvat kelee.
1959 madhye, ledley aanee lusted yanni 'vaidyakeey nidanache tarkpurn aadhar' prakashit kele, joou 'vidnyan' madhye mothya pramanat vachala jaanara lekh hota, jyane vaidyakeey kamgaranna operation sanshodhan tantrachi olakh karoon dilee. samavisht kshetranmadhyeh pratikatmak tarkshastra, beyasache pramey (sambhavyata) aanee moolya siddhant yancha samavesh aahe. lekhat, doctoranna, jevha tyanna vishleshanasathi electronic sangankanmadhye tyancha deta pravisht karanyachi sandhee milel asha velechi tayari karnyasathi, dhaar-khach card vaparoon nidanatmak databases kase tayar karave heey sanganyat aale hote. ladley aanee lusted yanni aasha vyakt kelee qee sanganakacha vapar kelyane, doctoranche bahutek kaam svayanchalit hoil aanee tyamule anek manvi chuka talhata yeteel.
vaidyakeey kshetrat, ledley aanee lusted yancha lekh anek dashakanpasun, visheshtah vaidyakeey nirnay ghenyachya kshetrat prabhavi rahila aahe. tyachya sarvat utsahi vachkanpaiki eka hrudayshastradnya hommer aar. worner, jyane utahmadhil ell. dii. ess. rugnalayatil tyachya sanshodhan chikitsalayat ledley aanee lustedchya paddhatinche anukaran kele. wornerchya karyane, mothya pramanat sanganakikrut aantarparvat aarogyaseva, ink. chya anek paddhati aanee pradhanyakramanna aakar deela.2009 madhye obama prashasanane uchch darjachi aanee qamee kharchik seva seva aarogya seva vyavastheche eka anukaraneey model mhanoon chitrit kele hote.
yaa lekhane ledley aanee lustedchya karyakade rashtriy madhyamanche laksh vedhale. yaa doghanchya karyabaddalche lekh amerikechya anek pramukh vruttapatranmadhye prakashit jhaale. electronic nidan kase karya karel heey dakhavanyasathi tayar kelelya eka chhotya pratyakshik upkaranala newyork world telegrammadhye 'nidanasathi dhatucha mendu' asey varnan karnyat aale hote, tarr newyork postne mathala dilah 'dow. univacla shastrakriyesathi havey hote.anek prasangi, ledley aanee lustney patrakaranna samajavun sangitale qee tyancha assa vishvas aahe qee sanganak doctoranna tyanchi jaaga ghenyaivaji madat kartil aanee aanee vaidyakeey mahitichya avkashiy swarupamule vaidyakshastrat sanganakanchi olakh karoon denyachi prakriya khoop aavhanatmak asel. tyanni vaidyakeey sanganakanche rashtriy jaale, arpanetchya vikasachya anek varshanpurvi kalpana kelee hotee, jeey aarogya seva puravathadaranna pratyek americansathi rashtriy staravar sulabh vaidyakeey nond tayar karnyas anumati deil aanee jalad samoohik deta vishleshanas anumati deil kaaran vaiyaktik chikitsalayandware mahitee gola kelee jaate aanee pradeshik aanee rashtriy sanganak kendranna pathavali jaate.
aine. aii. ess.-aine. aar. see. sarvekshan aanee sanganakache samarthan.
1957 chya suruvatila, americetil jivashastra aanee aushadhanmadhye sadhyachya aanee sambhavya sanganakachya vaparache rashtriy sarvekshan karnyasathi rashtriy vidnyan akadami-rashtriy sanshodhan parishadene (aine. aii. ess.-aine. aar. see.) ledalila ardhvel aadharavar niyukt kele hote. senator hubert humphrey aanee nihache digdarshak james aii. yanni tyala pathimba deela. doctor aanee jeevan shastradnyanna sanganak vaparanyachi tyanchi anichha door karnyat madat karnyachya prayatnat, nass-aine. aar. see. neey shannon yaa sansthene heey sarvekshan suru kele.
ledley yanni 6 november 1959 roji 'vidnyan' yaa lekhat tyanche sarvekshan nishkarsh prakashit kele, 'jaivavaidhyakiy vidnyanatil digital electronic sanganak', jyamadhye tyanni jivashastradnyanna electronic digital sanganakancha prabhavipane vapar karnyasathi ganeet aanee abhiyantrikimadhye prashikshan ghenyache aavahan kele. tyanni andaj vartavala qee, dirghkalat, "kadachit sanganakacha sarvat motha vapar jaivavaidhyakiy anuprayoganmadhye hoil."lusteds saha-likhit purvichya" "vidnyan" "lekhapramane, ledalicha naveen lekh mothya pramanavar vachala gela-tyachya sarvat prabhavshali aanee utsahi vachkanpaiki joshua laderberg hota, jyane jivashastra sanshodhanat samasya sodavanyasathi sanganak vaparoon aaplya karkirdicha barachsa bhag ghalavala".
ledalichya sarvekshan aanee lekhane jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhakanna sanganak vaparnyas protsahit karnyachya rashtriy aarogya sansthanchya pahilya mothya prayatnala aakar deela. aktoobar 1957 madhye soviet sanghane sputnikchya prakshepanantar lagechach haah prayatna suru jhaala-sputnik, yuu. ess. chya pratisadat.ess. congressne tumhala protsahan denyache sadhan shodhale.ess. vaidnyanik aanee tantrik utpadakta. 1960 pasoon, congressne jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhanat sanganakacha vapar uttejit karnyachya uddeshane nihala andaje $4 kotee vatap kele. ledalichya sarvekshan shifarashi, visheshtah jaivavaidhyakiy kamgaranna ganeet aanee abhiyantrikimadhye mothya pramanat prashikshan denyache tyanche aavahan, nihchya sanshodhanat sangankanvaril sallagar samiteene (aii. see. aar.) kelelya nih prayatnansathi margdarshak mhanoon kaam kele. 1960 teey 1964 yaa kalat aii. see. aar. chey netrutva ledaliche sahkari lii lusted yanni kele. tyaa varshanmadhye, samiteene amerikebhovati anek pramukh jaivavaidhyakiy sanganakeey kendre sthapan kelee aanee linkchya vikasala prayojit kele. aii. see. aar. chey uttaradhikari, sanshodhan abhyas vibhagatil sanganakanche netrutva hommer worner karat hote, jeey vaidyakeey vyavasthemadhye ledley aanee lustedchi tantre vaparnare pahile sanshodhan chikitsak hote.
rashtriy jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhan sanstha.
aine. bii. aar. eff. chee sthapana aanee uddishte.
aine. aii. ess.-aine. aar. see. sathee kelelya sarvekshan karyanantar aanee 'vidnyan' madheel tyanchya aanee lustedchya lekhanchya prakashanantar, ledaline jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhakanchya vaparasathi sanganak aanee sanganak karyakram vikasit karnyachya tyanchya prayatnanna federal sarkar aanee vidyapithache samarthan magitale. nass-aine. aar. see. chya pathimbyane, ledaline 1960 madhye national biomedical research foundation (aine. bii. aar. eff.) hii eka naa-napha sanstha, suruvatila dupont circle, washington, dii. jawal nass-aine. aar. see. chya malkichya imaratit sthit hotee.see.
vidyapithacha pradhyapak sadasya mhanoon tyachi karkird akheris tyachya sanshodhanat adthala aanel assa vishvas balgoon, ledaline aine. bii. aar. eff. chalvanyasathi aapala purn vel samarpit karnyasathi jee. doubleu. yuu. madheel aapale padd sodale. 2010 madhye nivrutt hoiparyant ledley aine. bii. aar. eff. chey netrutva karat hota. suruvatichya suruvatichya lui ess. rotolo (aine. aii. ess.-aine. aar. see. sarvekshanatil ledalicha sahayyak), james bii. willson (jee. doubleu. yuu. madheel ledalicha majee padvidhar vidyarthi) aanee margaret oo. dehoff (ph asalela quantum rasayanshastradnya.dii. kolambiyapasoon aanee flushingpasoon ledalicha balpanicha mitra).
sanganakachya vaparamule tyaa kshetranche ganeet karnyat madat houn jivashastra aanee aushadhanmadhye lakshaniy sudharana hoil yaa ledalichya vishvasavar aadharit, aine. bii. aar. eff. chey dhyey "sanganak anuprayoganchya naveen kshetranmadhye swatachya agraganya sanshodhan aanee vikasadvare eka udaharan sthapit karoon jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhan shastradnyanna sanganakacha vapar karnyas protsahit karane" heey hote.$100,000 aanee deed dazanpeksha qamee qamee varshik andajpatrakapasun suruvat karoon, 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant 20 hoon adhik adhik aine. bii. aar. eff. heey kotyavadhi dollarschya vyavharat vadhale. suruvatila aine. bii. aar. eff. chaa bahutansh pathimba nihakadoon aala, parantu 1980 paryant tyala vividh federal, vidyapith aanee corporate strotankadun pathimba midala, yashivay niyatkalikanchya prakashanadvare aanee electronic upkarane, software aanee petantchya vikridvare mahasool nirman jhaala.
madhye 1970, aine. bii. aar. eff. georgetown vidyapith vaidyakeey kendra tyachya sanlagnata suru. kadhihi bandhalya gelelya biomedical sanganakeey suvidhesathi jaaga vatap kelelya vidyapithane aine. bii. aar. eff. sathee karyalay aanee prayogshalesathi jaaga pradan kelee, tarr aine. bii. aar. eff. vidyapithasathi sanganakeey sansadhan mhanoon kaam karel tasech tyachya sanshodhan aanee vikas upkramandvare vidyapithala nidhi aanee pratishtha deil.
yaa upkramacha eka bhag mhanoon, ledley yanchi radiology, sharirshastra aanee jaivbhautikiche pradhyapak mhanoon georgetown vidyapithachya pradhyapkanmadhye niyukti karnyat aalee. aine. bii. aar. eff. 1970 teey 2006 yaa kalat pratyakshapane georgetown yethe sthit hotee. 2006 teey 2010 yaa kalat tee washington, dii.see. aanee bethesda, emm. dii.
2011 madhye, aine. bii. aar. eff. chee massatusetsmadhye punarbandhani karnyat aalee aanee tyanni eka naveen mission statement sweekarle aahe.
fidac aanee namuna olakh.
optical pattern olakh tantradnyan vikasit karane heey aine. bii. aar. eff. chey sarvat suruvatiche kshetra hote. 1960 aanee 1961 madhye willsonsobat kaam kartana, ledaline pratijaivik nirdharanasathi (aii. dii. aii. dii.) svayanchalit upkaran tayar kele, jeey eka sanganakikrut prakash-mapan sadhan aahe, jyane petri dish kalcharsmadhye pardarshakta mojoon pratijaivik aushadhanchya karyakshamatechi chachani kelee. jee kshetre pardarshak hotee tee sambhavya kshetre hotee jithe pratijaivikanni jivanunchya loksankhyela thaar kele hote; jivanu ajunahi jiwant hote ashee apardarshak sambhavya kshetre hotee. aine. bii. aar. eff. neey ann aanee aushadh prashasana aanee mothya aushadhanirman companyanna anek adad units vikalya.
adad, ledley, willson aanee aine. bii. aar. eff. madhye navodit asalelya vidyut abhiyanta thomas golab yanchya yashavar aadharit, 1960 chya dashakachya madhyat digital svayanchalit sangankasathi (fidac) chitrapatache input vikasit kele. fidacchi rachana chhayachitra tyachya smrutimadhye scan karnyasathi aanee nantar tee mahitee mothya sangankavar pathvanyasathi karnyat aalee hotee (udaa.jee. aay. bii. emm. 360) scan kelelya pratimetil namune olakhanyasathi. chhayachitra digital karnyasathi, fidac tyavar 700 x 500 bindu grid (aniyantrit aakaracha) ladel aanee nantar pratyek binduvar prakashachi patali mojel. tyavar sapadalelya prakashachya patalinusar, pratyek bindula 0 teey 9 paryantcha purnank denyat aala hota. fidac 0.5 sekandanchya aat 350,000-bindu scan tayar karoo shakat hota.
ledaline cariotype vishleshanache shram-gahan karya svayanchalit karnyasathi gunasutranchya photomicrograph scan karnyasathi fidacchi rachana kelee, jyacha vapar turner syndrome aanee daun syndrome sarkhya paristhiti shodhanyasathi keela jaato. ekada gunasutranna parshvabhoomipasun vegale karnyasathi aanee nantar dilelya namunyatil vikrutee olakhanyasathi (udaa.jee. atirikt gunasutranchi upasthiti, asamanya aakarache gunasutra (heey), fidac 40 sekandat gunasutra vishleshan karoo shakate jeey kushal tantradnyala hatane purn karnyasathi 15 minite lagali.
gunasutra vishleshanachya palikade, fidackche neurons aanee papp smears tasech schleyron chhayachitranche digitization aanee vishleshan karnyasathi rupantar karnyat aale. 1960 chya dashakat sumare eka dozen fidac units vikalya gelya aanee 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant yantrachya lahan aavruttila lakshaniy magani hotee. shevati jett pranodan prayogshalela prayogshala aanee chikitsalayanmadhye vaparasathi eka lahan, fidacksarkhe upkaran vikasit karnyasathi nih anudan denyat aale.
fidackche vaparkarte aanee vikasak yanchyat charcha sulabh karnyasathi, ledley yanni 1969 madhye pattern recognition societyche adhikrut journal, peear-review journal "pattern recognition" chee sthapana kelee. ledley 2010 paryant 'pattern recognition' chey sampadak rahile.
ecta aanee sanganakikrut tomography (seaty/catt scanning).
ledley heey sanganakikrut tomography (seaty) kinwa manjar scanner vikasit karnyachya 1970 chya dashkatil prayatnansathi sarvat jaast olakhale jaatat. heey kaam 1973 madhye suru jhaale, jevha aine. bii. aar. eff. neey federal arthsankalpatil kapatinmule tyacha bahutansh nidhi gamavala. yaa kalat, aine. bii. aar. eff. dekhil campus sanganakeey prakalpanmadhye adhikadhik sahbhagi jhaale hote. aine. bii. aar. eff. eff vetan bharnyasathi puresa nidhi gola karnyacha prayatna karat asatana, ledaline georgetown vidyapithasathi sanstha haatee gheu shakanare prakalp shodhale. georgetownche sanshodhan chikitsak tyanna emm. aay. (emm. aay.-scanner) kadoon kharedi karoo karoo seaty scannerchya $500,000 () kimmatimule nirash jhaale aahet heey jaanun ghetalyanantar, ledaline tyanna vachan dile qee aine. bii. aar. eff. keval nimmya kimmatit asech yantra tayar karoo shakel. vidyapithane ledalila sandhee denyas sahmati darshavali aanee pudhil anek mahine ledley, golab, willson aanee phrank rubbit yanchya netrutvakhalil sanghane namuna vikasit karnyasathi kaam kele.
kharch qamee karnyavyatirikt, aine. bii. aar. eff. chya chamoone emee-scannerchya mothya adthalyavar maat karnyache uddisht thewale, mhanje scan kelya kelya vastoola vedhalelya panyachya takitoon ksh-kiran chamkavane aavashyak hote-yaa adthalyamule scannercha vapar keval rugnanchya dokyapurata maryadit hota aanee doctoranna rugnanche doke panyachya takimadhye pasarlelya rubber mutrashayat thevane aavashyak hote. vaidyakeey pratimetil tyanchya anubhavavar aadharit aanee emm. aay. machinesathi godfrey hounsfieldchya suruvatichya rachana tasech allon macleod cormack aanee william etch yanchya saiddhantik kagadpatransah kaam karane. aine. bii. aar. eff. chya teamne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee ksh-kiran ekatra karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya algoridammadhe tomographic pratimemadhe badal karoon panyachi taakee vaparanyachi aavashyakta door kelee jaau shakate. emm. aay. chya keval-doke scannerchya ulat, jyamadhye vishranti algoridamcha vapar keela jaato, aine. bii. aar. eff. machine convolution algoridamcha vapar keela.
1974 madhye, jawalchya cadilac vikretyamadhye georgetownchya yantrashastradnya aanee auto boddy tadnyansobat anek mahine kaam kelyanantar, ledalichya chamoone svayanchalit sanganakikrut anuprastha aksheey (ecta) scannerche bandhkam purn kele. yaa yantrat detector mhanoon 30 photomultiplier tube hotya aanee tyane 9 translate/rotate chakranmadhye scan purn kele, jeey emee-scannerpecsha barech jalad hote. tyat sarvo-yantrana chalvanyasathi aanee pratima prapt karnyasathi aanee tyavar prakriya karnyasathi, donhisathi, eka dii. see. pii. dii. pii.-<aay. dii. 1> laghu sanganak vaparla gela. sarvat mahattvache mhanje, ecta sampoorn sharirachi scan karoo shakat hote, tarr emee-scanner keval dokyachi scan karoo shakat hota.
georgetownmadhye ecta lagech yashasvi jhaala. namuna vikasit honyachya usheera, david see. georgetown vidyapithatil rugnalayatil balrogatadnya neurosurgeon mcculla yanni ledalichya mahitishivay cycle apghatat dokyala marlelya mulachi tapasani karnyasathi ektacha vapar keela. mcculla yanni mulamadhye mendutil raktastrav shodhanyasathi aanee raktastrav kuthe jhaala yabaddal achook mahitee midvinyasathi yantracha vapar karoon jivanrakshak shastrakriyeche twarit niyojan kele. yaa aanee ashach itar prakarananchya batamya vegane pasarlya aanee ledalila lavkarach ecta sarkhya yantranchi jagbharat magani bhedasavat gelee.
ledaline 1974 madhye digital mahitee vidnyan mahamandalachi (disco) sthapana kelee, jyane ecta scanner pratyeki 3,00,000 dollarla vikale. 25 november 1975 roji ledalila ektachya rachaneche paytant denyat aale. nantar 1975 madhye, discone pii. fizerla ecta haqq 15 laakh dollars rokh aanee aine. bii. aar. eff. sathee 1 kotee dollars hummy sanshodhan nidhi (10 varshanhun adhik kaal bharalele) madhye vikale. pefizerche ecta 0100 aanee tyache uttaradhikari, uttaradhikari, 1975 aanee 1977 darmyan jagbharatil rugnalayanna vikale gele, parantu pefizerne vaidyakeey imaging bajarpeth jee. eae. vaidyakeey aanee tantradnyanachya hatoon gamavali, jeey donhi pudhchya pidhiche seaty scanner vikale. 1981 madhye, fizerne aapala seaty vyavasay elcintla vikala.
seaty scannercha vapar jasjasa vyapak hott gela tasatase ledalila lakshaniy mahatva midale. acta namuna washington, dii. yetheel smithsonianchya national museum auph american histrimadhye pradarshit karnyat aala hota.see.. smithsonianne ektachya vikasashi sambandhit samagrisathi eka sangrah dekhil sthapit keela. ecta vikasit karnyatil tyanchya bhoomikesathi, ledalicha 1990 madhye rashtriy shodhak holl auph femmadhye samavesh karnyat aala aanee 1997 madhye tyanna tantradnyan aanee navinyache rashtriy padak denyat aale.
jaiv mahitishastra.
ledalichya imaging tantradnyanavaril karyabarobarach, tyache aine. bii. aar. eff. chey sahkari margaret okale dehoff heey aanvik patalivaril jivanachya abhyasasathi sansadhane vikasit karat hote. tichya 1965 chya 'prathin anukram aanee sanrachanechya atlus' neey prathin anukramanvaril vaidnyanik samudayachya mahiticha sarvasamaveshak sangrah pradan karnyacha prayatna keela. aine. bii. aar. eff. neey darvarshi prakashit kele, pratham kagdavar nantar (mahitiche praman barech mothe hott asatana) chumbakeey tepavar aanee shevati see. dii.-romvar, 'atlus' neey prathin sequencerchya vadhatya samudayasathi mahitee saaf karnyache kendra mhanoon kaam kele. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant 'atlus' heey prathine anukram mahitiche prathamik bhandar banale hote aanee shevati prathine deta banq aanee nuclic acid anukram databases genbanksathi eka model mhanoon kaam kele, jeey aata jivashastradnyansathi pramukh sansadhane aahet.
1983 madhye dehoff achanak maran pavlyanantar, ledley aanee vinona barker (jeey 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aine. bii. aar. eff. madhye sameel jhaale) yanni yaa prakalpachi jababdari sweekarli. 1980 chya dashakachya madhyat ledley aanee barker yanni eka chamooche netrutva kele jyane prathine olakh sansadhan (nantar prathine mahitee sansadhan kinwa pii. aar. mhanoon olakhale jaanare) vikasit kele, jee 'atlus' chee online aavrutti aahe. modem kinwa timenetcha vapar karnare sanshodhak anukramachi mahitee shodhanyasathi kinwa sangrahat jodanyasathi pii. aar. madhye pravesh karoo shakatat. 2012 paryant, piir haah jivashastradnyansathi eka mahattvacha srot rahila aahe; too delaware vidyapith aanee georgetown vidyapithadvare sanyuktapane vyavasthapit keela jaato aanee uniprotecha eka pramukh ghatak aahe.
itar aine. bii. aar. eff. sanganakeey prakalp.
1979 teey 1980 paryant, ledley aanee golab yanni sanganakikrut electro neuro ophthalmograph (senog) vikasit kele. yaa yantrane aarogya seva pradatyanna netra gatimanache svayamchalitapane vishleshan karnyas saksham kele, joou majjasansthesambandhi aanee netra vikaranchya nidanatil eka mahattvacha ghatak aahe. 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila senogne madhyamanche laksh vedhoon ghetale, kaaran mukhytah tyane svayanchalit vaidyakeey nidanachya vyavharyateche pratyakshik mhanoon kaam kele.
aine. bii. aar. eff. madhye asatana, ledaline sanganakachya rachneshi sambandhit kaam dekhil kele. 1970 madhye, jevha moorcha niyam tulanene naveen kalpana hotee aanee jevha sarvat shaktishali sanganakanna 1,000 teey 2,000 logic gett hote, tevha ledaline 'abj-gett sanganakachi jaaniv' yaa shirshakacha eka pepper lihila jyamadhye tyane transistorize kelelya sanganakachya kshamatevar andaj lavala, jyat 1,000,000,000 logic gett hote. tyanni assa prastav mandala qee asha yantralah 1) konatehi nishchit tark rachana nasel; 2) tyachya swatachya kahee ghatakanchi punha rachana karnyas saksham asel; 3) "swayam-upchar karnyas saksham asel.jaree hii yantre leadleyne andaj vartavalyapramane (tarkshastrachya sanrachanechya drushtine) gatiman nasali taree, 2010 pasoon vaiyaktik sangankanmadhye abjavadhi-transister microprocessor samanya aahet.
1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, ledaline batt vikasit vikasit sanghache netrutva kele, eka trimiteey maus jyane vaparkartyanna trimiteey jaaget asalelya vastunshi sanvad sadhanyachi parvanagi dilee (styrio pratima vaparoon tayar).
vaidnyanik niyatkalike.
aine. bii. aar. eff. madheel tyanchya pradirgh karkirdit, ledley yanni chaar pramukh samvayask-samikshan kelelya niyatkalikanche sampadak mhanoon kaam kele. 1969 madhye tyanni 'pattern recognition journal' aanee 'computer inn biology andd medicine' suru kele. pahila namuna olakhanyachya sanganakikrut drushtikonanvar laksh kendrit karato, tarr dusra biomedicinemadhye sanganakachya vaparashi sambandhit lekh, algoridam aanee tantrik varnan prakashit karato. 1972 madhye, ledaline "sanganak bhasha, pranali aanee sanrachana" suru kelya, jyache dhyey "programming bhashanchi rachana, amalbajavani aanee vapar yaa serve pailoonvar, siddhantapasun saravaparyant, shodhanibandh prakashit karane" heey aahe.1976 madhye, ektachya yashanantar, ledaline" "sanganakikrut tomography" "suru kelee, jyala 1977 madhye" "sanganakikrut radiology" "asey punarnamit karnyat aale aanee tyanantar 1981 madhye" "sanganakikrut vaidyakeey imaging aanee graphics" "asey punarnamkaran karnyat aale. teey" "imaging nidan, hastakshep aanee pathpuravyatil naveen vikasanchya vaidyakeey vaparashi sambandhit mahitichya devanghevanicha srot mhanoon kaam karate".ledley yanni 2010 madhye tyanchya nivruttiparyant charahi niyatkalikanche sampadak mhanoon kaam kele. vartamanpatre sadhya elasviyardvare prakashit kelee jaatat.

