vidyut urja srot

yaa lekhat vidyut urja nirmitichya khaleel sahaa paddhatinchi mahitee dilee aahe. 
gharshan.
urja nirmitichya sahaa paddhatinpaiki gharshan haah sarvat qamee vaparla jaanara prakar aahe. jarr kapad ekhadya vastuvar ghasoon ghetale tarr vastoo gharshan veej navacha prabhav pradarshit karel. ghasoon kadhanyachya prakriyemule vastoo charge hote aanee aata tyat sthir vidyut charge asato, mhanoon tyala sthir veej dekhil mhanatat. vidyut prabhar done mukhya prakarche asatatah sakaratmak aanee nakaratmak. pratyek prakarcha charge viruddha prakarala aakarshit karato aanee tyach prakarala door karato. heey khaleel prakare sangitale jaau shakateh jase shulk mage hatavatat aanee shulkachya ulat aakarshit karatat. sthir vijeche anek upayog aahet. tyacha mukhya vapar vanne dii graph generatormadhye aahe, jyacha vapar insulating samgrichya astarak shaktichi chachani ghenyasathi uchch voltage tayar karnyasathi keela jaato. itar upayog sthiravidyut chitrakala aanee valuche kagad nirmitimadhye aahet. nakaratmak platechya palikade jaat asatana course grainsver nakaratmak charge prapt hoto. shulk aakarshit karnyapeksha, sakaratmak plate course grains aakarshit karate aanee tyancha prabhav veg tyanna chikatavanyamadhye antarbhut karnyas saksham karato.
ushnata.
1821 madhye thomas seabeckne shodh lavala qee done dhatunmadhil sangmamule eka voltage tayar hote jeey tapmanache karya aahe. jarr bund paripathamadhye done vegvegalya dhatunche vahak asateel aanee jarr done dhatunche eka junction junction jaast tapmanavar asel tarr vishisht dhruviyatemadhye vidyut prerak shakti tayar hote. yache eka udaharan mhanje tambe aanee lohachya babatit, electron pratham ushna junctionpasoon thund junctionparyant lohachya bajoone vahatat. electron ushna sangmavar lokhandapasun tambyakade aanee thund sangmavar tambyapasoon lokhandakade jaatat. vidyut prerak shakti utpadanachya yaa gunadharmala seabeck effect mhanatat. haah prabhav thermometrychya sarvat mothya pramanavar vaparlya jaanarya paddhatimadhye vaparla jaato.
prakash.
suryachya kiranancha vapar vidyut urja nirman karnyasathi keela jaau shakato. suryaprakashacha thet vaparkarta mhanje saur peshi kinwa prakashvoltik peshi, jee yantrik yantracha samavesh naan karata suryaprakashache thet vidyut urjemadhye rupantar karate. vidyut urja nirmitichya jivashma-indhan-chalit pranalinpeksha heey tantradnyan sope aahe. prakash-sanvedanshil pii. aine. junction semikandaktardware saur peshi tayar hote, jee jevha suryaprakashachya samparkat yete tevha prakashatil photondware chalvinyasathi uttejit hote. jevha prakash, photonchya swarupat, peshila dhadakato aanee anoola dhadakato, tevha photo-aayanikaranamule electron-chhidra jodya tayar hotat. sthiravidyut kshetramule yaa jodya vibhakt hotat, jyamule yaa prakriyet vidyut prerak shakti nirman hote. vidyut kshetra electronla pii-prakarchya samgrikade aanee chhidrala aine-prakarchya samgrikade pathavate. jarr bahya pravah marg pradan keela gela tarr kaam karnyasathi vidyut urja upalabdh asel. electron pravah vidyut pravah pradan karato aanee peshiche vidyut kshetra vidyutpravah tayar karate. vidyutpravah aanee vidyutpravah yaa donhisah silicon peshimadhye shakti asate. peshinchya prushthbhagavar jitka jaast prakash padato, titka photon electron sodanyachi sambhavyata jaast asate aanee tyamule adhik vidyut urja tayar hote.
rasayanik.
jevha zink electrode aanee tambe electrode sulfuric aesidchya patal dravanat thewale jaatat, tevha donhi dhatoo electrolytemadhye ekmekanchya upasthitivar pratikriya detat aanee tyanchyat sumare 1 voltcha sambhavya farak vikasit karatat. jevha vahak marg electrodemadhye bahyaritya jodala jaato, tevha zink electrode haloohaloo aaml electrolytemadhye virghalato, zink renu sakaratmak aayanchya swarupat electrolytemadhye jaato tarr tyache electron electrodavar sodale jaatat. dusarikade tambyacha electrode electrolytemadhye virghalat nahee. tyaeivaji, teey aapale electron electrolytemadhil hydrogenchya sakaratmak charge kelelya aayananna sodate, tyanna hydrogen vayuchya renunmadhye badalate jeey electrodechya bhovati budbude karatat. zink aayan sulfate ions ekatra yeuun zink sulfate tayar karate aanee heey meeth peshinchya talashi padate. yaa sarvancha parinam assa hoto qee virghalanara zink electrode nakaratmak charge hoto, tambe electrodemadhye sakaratmak charge urato aanee zinkche electron bahya paripathatoon tambyachya electrodemadhye jaatat.
dabav.
kahee sphatikanche aanee matichya dhatunche renu kayamche dhruvikrut asatatah renuche kahee bhag sakaratmak prabharit asatat, tarr itar bhag nakaratmak prabharit asatat. jevha bharit bahya shaktichya parinami padarthache pariman badalate tevha heey padarth vidyutbhar nirman karatat. utpadit shulkala pesoelectricity mhanatat. quartz aanee roshelche naisargik sphatik aanee layed titanet zirconet aanee berrium titanet yasarkhya utpadit polychrystalline syramics ektrit kelele anek sfatikeey padarth piezoelectric prabhav darshavtat. pager, ultrasonic cleaner aanee mobile phone aanee gass ignitormadhye pizoelectric samagricha vapar buzzer mhanoon keela jaato. yavyatirikt, heey piezoelectric sensor daab, shakti, compan kinwa shockche vidyut urjemadhye rupantar karnyas saksham aahet. keval sakriy ghatana mojanyas saksham asalyane, teey pravah meater, pravegak aanee patali shodhak tasech motar vahananmadhye dekhil vaparale jaatat, jenekarun pareshan, indhan injection aanee shitalak dabatil badal jaanavta yetat. jevha vidyutdab kinwa lagoo kelele vidyutkshetra pizzo ghatkavar vidyut daab dete, tevha tyachi parimane badaltat. yaa ghatanela vidyut-sankochan kinwa ulat piezoelectric prabhav mhanatat. haah parinam ghatkala aquator navache bhashantar sadhan mhanoon karya karnyas saksham karato. piezoelectric samagricha vapar vidyut urjeche yantrik urjemadhye rupantar karoon, aanee dhwanik transducermadhye, vidyut kshetranche dhwani laharinmadhye rupantar karoon, vidyut actuatorsmadhye keela jaato.
chumbakatva.
chumbakatvacha sarvat upayukt aanee vyapakpane vapar keela jaanara vapar vidyut urjechya utpadanat aahe. yaa utpadanat madat karnyasathi aavashyak asaleli yantrik shakti anek vegvegalya strotandvare pradan kelee jaate. yaa strotanna prime movers mhanatat aanee tyat dizzell, petrol aanee naisargik vayoo enginancha samavesh aahe. kolasa, teel, naisargik vayoo, jaivbhar aanee anuurja heey urjeche srot aahet jeey paanee garam karoon atiushna vafeche utpadan karnyasathi vaparale jaatat. gair-yantrik mukhya vahakanmadhye paanee, waf, vaara, lahari gatee aanee bharaticha pravah yancha samavesh hoto. heey gair-yantrik mukhya vahak generatorshi jodalelya turbinela guntavatat. vidyut-chumbakeey preran tattva vaparnare janitra yaa urja strotanche antim rupantaran karatat. heey karnyasathi, chumbakatvadvare vidyutdab tayar honyapurvi teen aavashyak atty astitvat asane aavashyak aaheth halchal, vahak aanee chumbakeey kshetra.
yaa paristhitinusar, jevha ekhada vahak kinwa vahak shaktichya resha kapanyasathi chumbakeey kshetratun pudhe jaato, tevha electron vahak pattyamadhye pravesh karnyas saksham hotat, jyamule bahya paripathamadhye paryayi pravah nirmitisathi vidyut daab nirman hoto. yala prathamik ulternator mhanoon sambodhale jaau shakate, jyamadhye armature navachya ekach wire loopcha samavesh asato, jyacha pratyek toke slip-ringjala jodala jaato aanee chumbakeey dhruvanchya madhomadh firanyasathi vyavasthit keela jaato. done tambe-graphite brush slip-ringjavareel bahya paripathala jodatat, jenekarun ulternator karyarat asatana vahkamadhye nirman honara paryayi pravah gola keela jaau shakato. vidyutchumbakiy preranadvare yantrik urjeche vidyut urjet rupantar karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya dusarya yantrala dynamo kinwa thet vidyut pravah janitra mhanatat.
ulternator aanee generatormadhil mukhya farak mhanje ulternator bahya paripathala essie (ulternating current) vitareet karato, tarr generator dc (direct current) vitareet karato. donhi yantranmadhye, aarmecharmadhye paryayi pravah prerit keela jaato, parantu bahya paripathavar vitareet vitareet pravahacha prakar, prerit pravah kassa gola keela jaato yavar avalambun asato. ulternatormadhye, slip-ringschya viruddha asalelya brashdware pravah gola keela jaato; generatormadhye, armature aanee bahya paripathamadhye commutator navachya navachya swichcha eka prakar thewala jaato. aarmecharmadhil prerit pravah pratyek ulatya kshani bahya paripathatil jodanya ulatavanyasathi, sudharit pravah kinwa thet pravah tayar karnyasathi commutatorchi rachana kelee gelee aahe. haah sudharit pravah voltaic selchya pravahasarkha shuddha nasato, parantu tyaeivaji too eka spandak pravah asato joou dishene sthir asato aanee tivratet badalato.

