susangatata

vidnyan aanee itihasamadhye, susangatata (puravyanche abhisaran kinwa puravyanche samanvay dekhil) heey tattva aahe qee swatantra, asambandhit strotankadun purava majboot nishkarshanvar 'abhisaran' karoo shakato. mhanjech, jevha puravyache anek srot sahmat asatat, tevha puravyache konatehi vaiyaktik srot lakshaniyaritya swatahun nasale tarihi nishkarsh khoop majboot asoo shakato. bahutansh prasthapit vaidnyanik dnyanala puravyanchya ektrikaranadvare samarthan milateh naslyas, purava tulanene kamkuvat aahe aanee kadachit eka majboot vaidnyanik ekmat nasel.
heey tattva dnyanachya ektevar aadharit aahe; samaan parinam anek vegvegalya paddhatinni mojalyas samaan uttar midale pahije. udaharanarth, giza pyramid sankulatil antar lesar rangefindingdware, upgrah imajingdware kinwa meater stickdware mojale jaate qee nahee yane kahee farak padat nahee-tinhi prakarananmadhye, uttar andaje samaan asave. tyach karanastav, bhoo-kalkramanusar vividh dating paddhati eksandh asavyat, rasayanshastratil parinam bhuvidnyan ityadinmadhil parinamashi virodhabhas karoo naye.
susangatata' haah shabd moolatah william vvelane 'antardnyananchi susangatata' haah vakyansh mhanoon tayar keela hota ('susangatata' mhanje dnyanachi 'ekatra udee marane'). haah shabd lattin 'com-' ekatra 'aanee'-silians " jumping '(lavchikatepramane) pasoon aala aahe.
varnan.
susangatatesathi mojamapachya swatantra paddhatincha vapar karane aavashyak aahe, mhanje paddhatinmadhye kahee samayik vaishishtye aahet. mhanjech, jyaa yantranedvare mojmap kele jaate tee vegali aahe; pratyek paddhat eka asambandhit naisargik ghatanevar avalambun asate. udaharanarth, lesar rangefinding mojamapachi achookata lesarchya vaidnyanik samajavar aadharit aahe, tarr upgrah chitre aanee meater stick vegvegalya ghatananvar avalambun aahet. kaaran paddhati swatantra asatat, jevha anek paddhatinpaiki eka paddhat trutimadhye asate, tevha itar konatyahi paddhatipramanech tee 'tyach prakare' truti asanyachi shakyata phaar qamee asate aanee mojmapanmadhil farak disun yeil. lesarchya gunadharmanchi vaidnyanik samaj jarr chukichi asel tarr lesarche mojmap chukiche asel parantu itar tase karnar naheet.
parinami, jevha anek vegvegalya paddhati manya hotat, tevha haah eka bhakkam purava aahe qee "konatihi" paddhat chukichi nahee aanee nishkarsh yogya aahe. yache kaaran truti asanyachi shakyata mothya pramanat qamee honeh anek mojmapanmadhun ekmatane kelela andaj chukicha asel tarr, serve namune aanee mojamapachya serve paddhatinsathi truti samaan asavyat, jee atyant ashakya aahe. sarasarikade pratigaman jhalyamule, adhik mojmap kelyapramane yadruchchik truti radd honyacha cull asel; mojmapanmadhil farkandware paddhatshir truti shodhalya jaatil (aanee trutichi disha ajunahi yadruchchik asalyane radd karnyacha cull dekhil asel). asha prakare vaidnyanik siddhant uchch aatmavishvasaparyant pohochatat-kalantarane, teey mothya pramanat purave tayar karatat jeey tyach nishkarshavar ekatra yetat.
jevha vegvegalya majboot paddhatinche parinam parasparvirodhi disatat, tevha hii eka gambhir samasya manali jaate jee sametit kelee pahije. udaharanarth, 19 vya shatkat, surya 2 kotee varshanpeksha juna disat navhata, parantu pruthvi 30 kotee varshanpeksha qamee nasalyachi (anoo sanlayan aanee kiranotsargacha shodh aanee quantum yantrikichya siddhantadvare nirakaran); kinwa quantum yantriki aanee samanya sapekshata yanchyatil saiddhantik farak sodavanyache sadhyache prayatna.
mahatva.
susangatatemule, konatyahi vishisht nishkarshasathi puravyachi takad hii nishkarshala samarthan samarthan kitee swatantra paddhati aahet, tasech yaa paddhati kitee bhinn aahet yachyashi sambandhit aahe. sarvat qamee (kinwa nahee) samayik vaishishtye asaleli tantre sarvat majboot susangatata pradan karatat aanee parinami sarvat majboot nishkarsh nighatat. yacha arth assa dekhil aahe qee vegvegalya kshetrantil puravyancha vichar kartana aatmavishvas samanyatah sarvat majboot asato kaaran tantre sahasa khoop vegali asatat.
udaharanarth, utkrantichya siddhantala anuvanshashastra, aanvik jivashastra, jivashmashastra, bhoogarbhshastra, jaivbhugol, tulanatmak shareer rachnashastra, tulanatmak sharirshastra aanee itar anek kshetrantil puravyanchya abhisaranadvare samarthan milate. kharey tarr, yaa pratyek kshetramadhil purava haah siddhantasathi purava pradan karnara eka abhisaran aahe. (parinami, utkrantiche khandan karnyasathi, yaa bahutansh kinwa serve swatantra puravyanchya olee chukalelya asalyache aadhalun yave lagel.) sampurnatah ektritpane vicharat ghetalelya puravyanchya samarthyamule, siddhant yogya aahe yavar drudh vaidnyanik ekmat hote. ashach prakare, vishvachya itihasabaddalche purave khagolshastra, khagolbhautiki, grahanche bhoogarbhshastra aanee bhautikshastratun ghetale jaatat.
anek swatantra paddhatinmadhun samaan nishkarsh kadhane haah swatah paddhatinchya vishvasarhatecha purava dekhil aahe, kaaran susangatatemule serve paddhatinvar samaan parinam naan kaam serve sambhavya trutinchi shakyata door hote. yacha vapar susangat tantranchya tulanet naveen tantranchya pramanikaranasathi dekhil keela jaato. jarr keval aanshik susangatata palali gelee tarr yamule karyapaddhatitil truti shodhata yetat; eka tantratil konatyahi kamkuvatpanachi bharpai itaranchya samarthyane kelee jaau shakate. vaikalpikaritya, pratyek prayogasathi eka kinwa donpeksha jaast tantre vaparane ashakya asalyas, hii tantre sahasa samaan parinam detat heey supratishthit asalyas susangatateche kahee fayade ajunahi miloo shakatat.
samajik vidnyanasah serve vidnyananmadhye susangatata mahattvachi aahe aanee vidnyanache tatvadnya anekada vaidnyanik vastavadasathi yuktivad mhanoon vapartat. vidnyanachi pratyek shakha vastavikatechya upasanchacha abhyas karate, joou itar shakhanmadhye abhyasalelya ghatkanvar avalambun asato. anoo bhautikshastra heey rasayanshastrachya karyapaddhativar aadharit aahe, jeey susangatatemule gunadharmancha abhyas karatat, jeey jivashastracha aadhar aahet. neurons aanee synapschya parasparsanvadatun susangatatemule gunadharmanchya abhyasapasun manasshastra vegale nahee. samajshastra, arthshastra aanee manavvanshashastra heey pratyek, tyaa badalyat, asankhya vaiyaktik manavanchya parasparsanvadatun susangatatemule gunadharmancha abhyas aahet. sanshodhanachya serve vegvegalya kshetranmadhye ekach vastavik, vidyaman vishvacha abhyas keela jaat aahe hii sankalpana heey spasht spashtikaran aahe qee chaukashichya eka kshetrat nirdharit kelelya vaidnyanik dnyanane itar kshetranna samajoon ghenyas anekada madat qaa kelee aahe.
vichalan.
susangatata vichalananna pratibandh karat naheeh kharey tarr, serve prayog paripoorn naslyamule, sthapit dnyanapasun kahee vichalan apekshit aahet. tathapi, jevha abhisaran purese majboot asate, tevha purvichya nishkarshashi visangat asalele naveen purave sahasa tyaa abhisaranapeksha jaast vajan thevanyas purese nasatat. naveen nikalavar titkech majboot abhisaran naan karata, puravyanche vajan ajunahi sthapit parinamachya bajoone asel. yacha arth assa qee naveen purave chukiche asanyachi shakyata jaast aahe.
vidnyan nakarane (udaharanarth, madat nakarane) heey anekada susangatatechya yaa gunadharmanchya gairsamajavar aadharit asate. nakar denara, susangat puravyandvare adyap mojalya gelelya chhotya antaranna kinwa susangatatemule susangatatemule purv-vidyaman samarthyacha hishob naan karata nishkarshachya viruddha asalelya thodya pramanat puravyanna protsahan deu shakato. adhik samanyatah, serve purave konatyahi vichalanashivay tantotant ekatra yetat assa aagrah dharane heey nishkapat khotepana asel, jeey upkaranatil bighad kinwa parinamancha chukicha arth lavane yasarkhe dusare spashtikaran, jevha ekhadya siddhantache khotepana darshavinyasathi ekach viruddha parinamacha vichar karnyaitakech asate.
itihasat.
aitihasik puravehi samaan ritine ekatra yetat. udaharanarth, jarr paach pracheen itihaskar, jyanpaiki konihi ekmekanna olakhat nasayache, tarr sarvajan assa dawa karatat qee julius seasurene ii. sha. puu. 49 madhye rommadhye satta kabij kelee, pratyek vaiyaktik itihaskar jaree keval anshatah vishvasarh asala tarihi tyaa ghatanechya bajoone haah bhakkam purava aahe. yaulat, jarr tyach itihaskarane paach vegvegalya thikani paach vela ekach dawa keela asel (aanee itar konatehi purave upalabdh navhate), tarr dawa khoopach kamkuvat aahe kaaran too ekach strotatoon udbhavato. pracheen itihaskarankadun midalele purave itar kshetrantil puravyansah dekhil ekatra yeu shakatat, udaharanarth puratatvashastrah udaharanarth, tyaa velee anek senators rommadhun paloon gele, seasurechya yadavi yuddhachya ladhaya jhalya ityadi.
holocast nakarnyachya sandarbhatahi susangatatevar charcha jhaali aahe. 
mhanjech, vaiyaktikaritya purave nishkarsh qamee tharvu shakatat, parantu ektritpane teey too atinirdharit karatat. heey sanganyacha asach eka marg mhanje nishkarshachya bajoone eka 'vishisht' purava magane haah eka doshpurn prashna aahe.
vidnyanachya baher.
vidnyanavyatirikt, qalaa, naitikta aanee dharmasathi susangatata mahattvachi asoo shakate. kalakar aanee shastradnya doghannihi kalatmak navkalpananchya prakriyet jivashastrache mahatva olakhale aahe.
sankalpanecha itihas.
aaplya vishvavar niyantran niyantran, tarkik prakriyedvare swabhavikpane samajanyayogya, helenchya sabhovatalachya anek sanskratinmadhil goodh drushtikonanshi visangat asaleli drushti asalelya, aantarik suvyavasthechi pracheen greek sankalpana hii susangatatechi mule aahet. punarujjivanachya kalat dharmashastrapasun vegale houn, uchch madhyayugat tarkshuddha drushtikon punarprapt karnyat aala aanee dnyanachya yugat tyala tyacha apoji sapadala.
vhavelchi vyakhya ashee hotih
adhik alikadil varnananmadhye heey samavisht aaheh
edward oo. willson.
jaree vhivelchya arthane susangatatechya sankalpanevar vidnyanachya tattvadnyanni mothya pramanavar charcha kelee asali, taree 20 vya shatkachya akheriparyant hii sandnya vyapak lokansathi aparichit hotee, jevha tee lekhak aanee jivashastradnya ii. yanni 1998 madhye lihilelya 'susangatatah dnyanachi ekata' yaa pustakat punarujjivit kelee gelee. oo. willson, vidnyan aanee manvyavidhya yanchyatil sanskrutik daree bharoon kadhanyacha prayatna mhanoon joou see chaa vishay hota. pii. snoche 'daad too culture andd daad scientific revolution' (1959). willson yancha assa vishvas hota qee "tattvadnyan aanee itihasapasun teey naitik tark, tulanatmak dharm aanee kalancha arth lavnyaparyantche manvyavidhya, vidnyananchya adhik jawal yeteel aanee anshatah tyanchyashi julavun ghetil", parinami vidnyan aanee vaidnyanik paddhat, yaa sanmishranatun, keval bhautik ghataneche spashtikaranach karnar naheet tarr naitik margadarshan dekhil deil aanee serve satyancha antim srot asel.
willsonne asey mutt vyakt kele qee aadhunik vidnyanachya udayabarobar, gelya done shatkanmadhye dnyanache vadhate vibhajan aanee visheshikaran yamule ektechi bhavna haloohaloo haravali. vidnyan, manaviki aanee kalanche eka samaan dhyey aaheh tapasheel samajoon ghenyacha uddesh dene, serve chaukashikartyanna keval kaam kaam prastavapeksha khoopach kholvar, jug suvyavasthit aahe aanee thode naisargik niyamandware spasht kele jaau shakate assa vishvas dene."willsonne mandalela eka mahattvacha muddah assa aahe qee aanuvanshik manvi swabhav aanee utkranti swatach sanskratichya utkrantivar, thodakyat, eka samajik-jivashastriy sankalpana yavar kholvar parinam karate. willsonchi sankalpana hii vhavelchya tulanet susangatatechi eka adhik vyapak kalpana aahe, jee keval asey darshavit hotee qee ghatananchya eka sanchasathi shodhalelya samanyikaranancha itaransathi dekhil anekada parinam hoto.
eka samantar drushtikon vishvavidnyan yaa sandnyemadhye aahe, jyacha shabdasha arth 'vishvache vidnyan' assa hoto."19 vya shatkatil aadarshavadi bhavishyavadi aanee arajaktavadi stephen pearl andrews yanni dnyanachya serve kshetranchi paraspar jodanari tattve aanee satye yanchya abhyasasathi pratham vishvavidnyanala protsahan dile.

