nadee lii

lii nadee () hii aagney englandmadhye aahe. tee bedfordshiremadhye, chiltern tekdyanmadhun ugam pavte aanee hertfordshiremadhun aagney dishela, essex simevar aanee grater londonmadhye boow creak yethe themus nadila bhetanyasathi vahate. hii londonmadhil sarvat mothya nadyanpaiki eka aahe aanee thamschee sarvat purvekadil pramukh upanadi aahe.
eka pramukh purv-paschim adthala aanee seema mhanoon nadiche mahatva uttar-dakshin vyapar marg mhanoon tiche mahatva aspasht karate. hertfordchya khalee asalelya nadila themus aanee purv hertfordshire aanee essex darmyanchya naukansathi adhik naukanayanyogya banavanyasathi madhyayugeen kalapasoon badal karnyat aale aahet, jyala lii navigation mhanoon olakhale jaate. yamule tyachya tyachya anek udhyoganna chalana midali. naukanayanyogya nadicha tatt, mukhya upanadi, hoddayson yethe tyala milate.
khalcha lii kahisa pradushit rahila asala taree tyacha varcha bhag aanee khaduche pravah mhanoon vargikrut upanadya heey londonsathi pinyachya panyacha eka pramukh srot aahet. 1613 madhye ughadanyat aalela naveen nadee mhanoon olakhala jaanara eka krutrim jalmarg, hertfordjaval nadichya varchya bhagapasoon pinyasathi swachchh paanee kadhoon takto aanee nadichya khalchya bhagatoon dekhil paanee kadhoon ghetale jaate. chilternmadhil leeche mool londonchya nalatil panyachya atyant kadakpanala (uchch khanij samagri) karanibhoot tharate.
naav.
vyutpatti.
lii nadiche naav pahilyanda pahilyanda shatkat nondavale gele hote, jaree teey khoop june asalyache manale jaate. anglo-saxon kalatil vartanukimadhye 880 madheel 'ligg (eae) aine' aanee 895 madheel 'lygan' yancha samavesh aahe aanee madhyayugeen kalatil suruvatichya kalat tee sahasa 'lue' kinwa 'lii' asate. heey celtic (brythonic) mool 'lug' pasoon vyutpann jhalyache disate-jyacha arth 'tejaswi kinwa prakash' assa hoto, joou ekhadya devatechya navacha vyutpann dekhil aahe, mhanoon yacha arth 'tejaswi nadee' kinwa 'dev lugasala samarpit nadee' asoo shakato. eka sopee vyutpatti mhanje aadhunik velsh 'lii' uchcharit 'lii' saha sansuchak shabd, jyacha arth pravah kinwa pravah assa hoto, haah asoo shakato.
legrave, lutonche upnagar jethe nadicha ugam aahe aanee luton aanee luton yaa donhicha arth 'lii nadivaril shetjamini' assa hoto, asha anek thikananchya navanmadhye nadee haah pramukh ghatak aahe.
akshararachana.
hertfordchya paschimela (varchya bajula) 'lii' heey aksharprayog pramukhyane vaparale jaatat, parantu hertfordpasoon thames nadiparyant donhi aksharvinyas ('lii' aanee 'lii') vaparale jaatat. lii navigation sansadechya kayadyandvare sthapit kele gele hote aanee yaa sandarbhat keval tech akshar vaparale jaate. lii valley pradeshik udyan pradhikaran dekhil yaa shabdalekhanala vishrantichya suvidhansathi vaparte. tathapi, lemouth, lii brij, lii valley walk aanee lii valley lines (railway) yasarkhya rastyanchi nave, thikane aanee rajdhanitil itar payabhoot suvidhansathi 'lii' heey akshar vaparale jaate. heey akshar bhuvidnyan, puratatva ityadinmadhye dekhil vaparale jaate. lii lii sandarbh denyasathi.
itar upayog.
river lii' haah shabd chahachya kokani prasbaddh apshabd aahe.
naisargik seema.
leachy resha aanee tichi pramukh upanadi, stoort, hii hii kalapasoon rajkiy seema mhanoon vaparali jaat aalee aahe. lohyugat lii aanee stoort stoort paschimekade katuvellauni aanee purvekadil trianovantis darmyan tivra sangharshache seema kshetra tayar jhaale. yaa done nadya purv saxon samrajyacha mukhya pradesh aanee tyachya madhya saxon prantachi seema asalyache manale jaate. tyanantar sampoorn leecha vapar paschimekade ingraji-shasit pradesh aanee 9 vya shatkachya uttaradhat sthapan jhalelya danellochi purvela seema mhanoon keela gela.
navvya kinwa dahavya shatkachya aaspas aanee englandchya yaa bhagat parganyanchya sthapanepasun, lii-stort reshene purvekade essex aanee paschimekade hertfordshire aanee middlesex yanchyatil aitihasik seema tayar kelee aahe. londonmadhye nadicha vapar nehmich londonchya baromadhil seema mhanoon keela jaato-jyaa adhik pracheen county aanee parrish seema varshane midavatat jyaa leela seema mhanoon dekhil vapartat. 1889 teey 1965 darmyan, loar lii hii london kauntichi purvekadil seema hotee.
londonchya sansadiy matdarsanghanchya simancha aadhava ghetana, seema aayog them aanee lii yanna londonche pramukh antargat adthale manato. tee konatyahi nadivar pasarlelya naveen kinwa badalalelya matdarsanghala parvanagi denar nahee, asha bandhkamala krutrim mhanoon pahanar nahee aanee sthanik samuday kinwa olakh pratibimbit karnar nahee. tyanni yaa aanakhi dakshinekade, khalchya leaver tadjod kelee aahe, jithe cross-lii duvyanchi gunavatta aanee praman khoop jaast aahe aanee parinami donhi bajunche samuday adhik changlya prakare ekatmik jhaale aahet.
arthat.
varchya lii.
haah srot samanyatah walludchya walludchya aat asalyache mhatale jaate, joou bedfordshirechya lutenmadhye samanya legrave yetheel eka navpashan himkhand aahe; jaree tyaa jagechya agadi jawal nadila hautan zara, eka pravah aahe joou aanakhi paschimekade hotton regismadhye suru hoto.
lutenmadhun gelyanantar, tarun nadee luton huu estatemadhun jaate aanee tichya ugamsthanapasun sahaa mail antaravar, hertfordshiremadhye pravesh karate. tyanantar hii nadee harpenden, wheathampstead marge purv-aagney dishene vahate-ekekali katuvellauni jamatichi rajdhani, hatfield aanee velvin garden ciity yaa naveen shaharanmadhil arund hiravya antaratoon, hertford county shaharakade vahate.
madhya lii.
hertford yethe uthal nadee dakshinekade valanyapurvi thodya velasathi uttarekade valate, hertford aanee tyachi sarvat mothee upanadi-stoort-yanchya sangmatil kahee mailanvar nadee aanee tichya aaspaschya bhagat anek moolbhut badal hotat. nadila anek pramukh upanadya midatat; mimram, bean, bargadya, rakh aanee nantar nadicha pravah.
panyachya atirikt pramanamule, kadhikadhi donhi bajunna unch tekadya asalele eka rund puur maidan tayar jhaale aahe. hii nadee yaa nadichya anek vahinyanmadhun jaate, jee manvi hastakshep aanee naisargik karane yaa donhincha parinam aahe. vadhiv pravahamule hertfordhoon nadee nauvahanyogya jhaali, hertford killyachya wearpasoon suru honara eka khol kalwa, lii navigation tayar jhalyamule paristhiti sudharali.
leachy sarvat mahattvachi upanadi, stoort, hertfordpasoon thodya antaravar fieldes ware yethe milate aanee swatah bishop stortfordparyant varchya dishene naukanayanyogya aahe. leechya purbhumichya paschim bajoone, hertford teey totenhamparyant eka railway jaate, jyamule yaa kshetrachi praveshyogyata sudharate aanee ribanchya vikasat yogdan dete jyamule chunyachya paschim bajuche swaroop purvepeksha adhik vikasit jhaale.
hertfordnanter lagechach, nadee madhyayugeen nadee bandaratoon jaate aanee hertfordshirecha kinara lavkarach purnapane vikasit hoto. paschim essex nadee hertfordshiremadhil hoddayson, broxburn aanee chationtmadhun jaate; tyanantar uttar londonmadhye enfield, admonton, tottenham aanee tottenham daldalitun jaate. purvekadil bajula nadee mothya pramanat grameen essex essex waltham abbay aanee nantar purv londonmadhye chingford aanee walthamsto yethoon jaate.
hertfordchya anek mail khalee nadee talavanni reshet aahe; uttares hii pramukhyane purgrast purviche kankariche khadde aahet parantu londonmadhye hii jalashay aaheth lii linhaus jalashay sakhalitil 13 jalashay, jyanna nadee lii puur madat vahini aanee nadee lii diversion mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya nadichya shakhanni paanee dile aahe. heey jalashay londonchya herringe aanee hackney yaa prantachya simanvar sampatat aanee eka mailachya rund, eka thikani, londonparyant kholvar pasarlelya, avikasit harit jaagecha bhag banatat.
loar lii.
hackneychya uttarekadil kathavar nadee dakshin-dakshin-purv dishene sarakate, jalashay sampatat parantu rund hirwa margika suru rahate. yaa margikemadhye walthamsto daldali, letton daldali, hackney daldali aanee queen elizabeth olympic park yancha samavesh aahe. tyaa udyanat aanee tyachya agadi dakshines, nadicha pravah vibhagala gela aahe, jawaljawal purnapane manavnirmit vahinyanmadhye, dhanushya mage mage nadyanmadhye vahato; yaa vahinya ekekali adhik asankhya hotya aanee moolatah panyachya girnyanna veej denyasathi tayar kelya gelya hotya, jyat dakshinekadil tokasah, teen giranya mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya punarsanchayit bharati giranicha samavesh aahe. dhanurvah nadyanchya sabhovatalacha parisar nantar eka bharbharatiche audhyogik kshetra banala. boow kreekchya aaspas, thams lokhandi kaame, bromley-buy-boow gasholders aanee west hamm power stations pramukh udyog prachalit hote. 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat badalatya aarthik paristhitimule mothya pramanat ghasaran jhaali aanee udhyogkshetrache vighatan jhaale.
aitihasikdrushtya hii nadee hackney vikparyant bharati hotee, parantu aata hii laat bromley-buy-boow aanee west hamm darmyanchya dhanushya bandhanedware rokhali jaate. jaree jalviman heey lecha pathlag thamparyant karoo shakat asale, taree themala jodanyasathi linhaus chunyachya kulupacha vapar karoon, chunyachya chunyachya khalee (jeey boow lockver leela milate) chunyachya gharamadhye kapoon takane heey samanyatah adhik vyavharik aahe.
khalchya leechya paschim bajus asalelya samudayanmadhye hackney, boow aanee bromley-buy-boow yancha samavesh hoto. purvechya bajula tyancha samavesh walthamstocha dakshinekadil bhag, nantar letton, straitford aanee west hamm yancha samavesh hoto. nadichya shevatchya kahee mailanna boow creak mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee hii nadee blackwall (paschim bajula) aanee canning town (purvela) yethe themus nadila milate.
nadee itihas.
paar karane.
roman yugat, junya phorda, navapramane, lii nadicha sarvat pracheen, sarvat khalchya dishene, paar karnyacha bindu hota. haah purv-roman margacha eka bhag hota joou aadhunik auxford rastyacha, junya rastyacha, bethanal green teey junya fordparyant aanee tethoon daldalitun eka pulachya palikade jaat asey, jyala wanstead slip (aata lettonmadhye) mhanoon olakhale jaate. tyanantar haah marg esexmadhun kolchestarparyant pudhe gela. yaa velee, lii hii eka rund nadee hotee aanee bharaticha mohor hackney vikparyant pasarlela hota. hota aanee aanee shatkatil junya phorda yetheel usheera jhalelya roman vasahaticha purava sapadala aahe.
1110 madhye heinry pahilachi patni matilda hiney hiney mathakade jaat asatana, prasiddhapane kathavar eka zep ghetali aanee khalchya pattyavar pahila pool asalelya dhanushyavar, lii nadivar ("jyapramane aadhi pahile gele navhate") eka vishisht dhanushya aakaracha, teen kamani asalela pool bandhanyache aadesh dile. khalchi lii tyaveli eka rund, bharati aanee pravahavirahit nadee hotee, tyamule pulachya bandhkamamule eka bajula essex aanee madhye bajula middlesex (london shaharasah) yanchyat purvipeksha barech mothe samajik aanee aarthik ektrikaran shakya jhaale.
aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya ferichya jaagi, 1757 nantar, khalchya leevareel dusra pool, lii brij bandhanyat aala. tyane paschimekade clapton aanee purvekade leiton aanee walthamsto yanna jodale. nadivaril bhunkanyacha rasta canning shaharakade nenara lokhandi pool 1810 madhye bandhanyat aala hota. madhya lii peksha adhik madhya "loar lii" varr lakshaniyaritya adhik crossing aahet.
vyapar aanee udyog.
madhyayugat, mandir giranya, abbay giranya, june phorda aanee dhanushya hii panyachya giranyanchi (pramukhyane charchchya malkichi) thikane hotee jee straitford-att-bochya bakersna peeth puravat asat aanee tyamule shaharala bhakari puravat asat. yaa girnyansathi tayar kelelya vahinyanmulech straitford yetheel purvichya roman dagadi pulatoon (jyatoon heey naav ghetale gele aahe) boow back nadya kapalya gelya.
lii nadee junya madyanirmiti aanee malting kendratoon vahate aanee parinami panyadvare vahtook haah anek varshe tethe sthit eka mahattvapoorn udyog hota. java heey bhandyat aanee malt nadimarge, visheshtah londonla vahoon nele jaat asey. asey chya mahabhayankar mahamarichya kalat londonla godya panyachi aanee annachi vahtook kelyamule, bhandyat janmalelya naukanayakansathi 'themus nadiche swatantrya' denyat aale-kuloop bharnyachi aavashyakta talhane. eka sthanik aakhyayikenusar, tyaa velee mrutdehanna bhandyat daphan karnyasathi nadimarge londonmadhun baher aanale gele hote, parantu yacha konatahi purava nahee.
jaljanya vyaparachya vyapak patalimule itihaskar johnn stoe yanni 1603 madhye liche varnan "hii sukhad aanee upayukt nadee" asey kele.
nadikathavar anek pramukh shastrastra utpadakanche yajmanpad aahe, jase qee waltham abbe royal gunpouder mills, enfield lock yetheel royal small arms factory (jee aata enfield eyeland village mhanoon olakhali jaanari gruhnirman nirmiti aahe) aanee stratford langthorn abbechya thikanavaril congrave rockett factory.
nadee vyavasthapan.
1424 pasoon nadimadhye sudharana karnyat aalya, jaminmalakanchi bharpai karnyasathi toll aakarla gela aanee 1571 madhye haus auph commonsla sadar kelelya khajgi vidheyakat nadichya vistarala protsahan dilyanantar dangli jhalya. 1577 paryant, waltham abbe yethe pahile kuloop ubharanyat aale aanee nadiche nauvahan sakriyapane vyavasthapit kele jaau lagale.
lii aanee hertfordshiremadhil tyachya panlot kshetratun swachchh paanee londonla nenyasathi aanee leechya khalchya bhagat vikasit jhalelya pradushankari udhyoganna bajula saranyasathi 1613 madhye naveen nadee bandhanyat aalee. krutrim vahineene naisargik nadicha pravah aanakhi qamee keela aanee 1767 paryant leechya kalvyanchya bhagavar hertford killyachya vearchya khalee kuloop basavale gele, aata pudhil shatkanmadhye pudhil kuloop aanee kalvyanchya madhyamatoon lii navigation kele jaat aahe. 1766 madhye, nadila, bromley-buy-boow yethe, linhaus linhaus thamsshey jodanyasathi linhaus katche kaam dekhil suru jhaale.
2012 chya unhali olympicsathi olympic udyanachya bandhkamat madat karnyasathi bharatichya dhanushya mage asalelya nadyancha eka bhag asalelya waterworks nadicha rundikaran aanee kalvyanche bandhkam karnyat aale aahe. 2009 madhye, udyanachya aat, leaver panyachi patali rakhanyasathi, prescott vahinivar teen giranyanche kuloop basavanyat aale. yamule bandhkamasathi aavashyak asaleli kiman 50 takke samagri panyane pohochavata yeil kinwa kadhali jaeel yachee khatri karnyasathi 350 tunn vajanachya nauka vaparanyachi parvanagi midali. (yaa aakadevaricha aadhava ghetala jaat aahe. prashasakeey mandalane yaa aakadyanche punarmulyankan kele aahe asey namood kele aahe).
yuddh aanee sangharsh.
hackney yetheel leevareel milfields park heey 527 madhye aukt auph kentvar esexchya eskwinechya vijayache namankit thikan aahe, jyamule essexcha pahila raja honyasathi esquinela parvanagi midali. tathapi, yaa ghatananchi aitihasikta aanee esquineche astitvach vadgrast aahe.
878 aanee 890 chya darmyan alfried aanee guthramcha taha karnyat aala hota, jyamadhye itar goshtimbarobarach danes aanee ingrajanmadhil seema nishchit karnyasathi leecha marg vaparla gela hota. 894 madhye, denschya eka sainyane hertfordla nadiparyant pravas keela aanee sumare 895 madhye tyanni londonchya uttares, leechya unch bhagat eka tatabandiyukt chhawani bandhali. alfried daad gretney densna parabhoot karanyachi sandhee pahili aanee nadichi patali qamee karnyasathi eka naveen kalwa khodala, jyamule danes adakoon padale.
1216 madhye, pahilya barrenschya yuddhadarmyan, francechya bhavishyatil lui VIII neey hertford killyala eka mahina vedha ghatala, jyamule tyache aatmasamarpan jhaale. tyane keval tulanene thodya kalasathi killa tabyat thewala kaaran tyanantar lagechach too yuddhat harla.
1648 madhye madhye ingraji yadavi yuddhadarmyan eka rajgharanyachya sainyane greenwich yethoon them olandale aanee dhanushya pool olandun, lii aanee esexmadhye jaanyachi aasha vyakt kelee. towerchya vastyanmadhil nagri sainya aanee itar khasdaranchya sainyashi anirnit sangharshanantar, jyala battle auph boow brij mhanoon olakhale jaate, rajgharanyache lock kolchestarkade nighale aanee tyanna tethe vedha ghalanyat aala.
wwy darmyan, leechya donhi bajunchya londonchya kahee bhaganna german sainya aanee naudalachya havai jahajanchya hallyanni khoop fatka basala. asey manale jaate qee, karmchari gatane mothya jalashay sakhalis themus asey chukiche samajale aanee tyanni madhya london mhanoon ghetalelya thikanavar tyanche bomb sodale.
paryavaraniy samasya.
nadee aanee tichya aaspaschya jaminiche paryavaraniy, bhupradesh aanee manoranjanatmak mahatva anek udyananmadhye samavesh karoon aanee anek niyojan dhoran padanamandware olakhale gele aahe.
vyavasthapan aanee padnam.
nadicha barachsa bhag lii valley udyanat aahe. pudhil shaharikaran rokhanyasathi nadichya sabhovatalachya kahee jaminila mahanagar harit patta kinwa mahanagar khulee jameen mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aahe.
vanyajeev.
yaa nadeet maase aanee adhunmadhun silsarkhe itar vanyajeev aahet.
kahee boat trippersney 5 august 2005 roji canadachya hansala atishay vegane panyakhali odhatana pahilyachi nond kelee. london vanyajeev vishvastane asey suchavale qee heey bahudha paikmule jhaale asave.
2011 madhye, mike welsney dawa keela qee tyane nadeet eka huns anulambapane khalee jaatana pahila. punha eka paik kinwa mink suchavanyat aala. hote olympic khelanchya aadhi, tyaa varshi yaa bhagatoon houseboaty baher kadhanyachya kadhanyachya prayatnanchi prasiddhi karnyasathi velsachya kathecha shodh lavala gela asava, asey vice masikane suchavale.
pradushan.
nadila pradushanamule dhoka aahe, sandapani varanvar nadeet sodale jaate tasech qamee samanya ghatananmule mothe nuksan hote, jase qee 2018 madhye teel galatee, kinwa 2019 madhye godamatil aagimule vishari pravah. sandapani pradushan, tasech shetjamininmadhun vahoon gelelya khatanmule poshak tatvanchi vaadh hote, jyamule keval parisanstheche asantulan hott nahee tarr panyache auxigen-nirjalikaran dekhil hote.
kachara takane, kachara aanee microplastic hii leevareel eka mothee samasya aahe, tyateel bahutansh kachara sandpanyatun nadeet pohochato. april 2021 madhye hackney parishadene paryavaran sansthela patra lihoon naditil sandapani aanee pradushan door karnyasathi karvai karanyachi magani kelee. november 2021 madhye, sthanik swayamsevakanni sangitale qee teey darr mahinyala loar limadhun 100 kilo plastic pradushan kadhoon takat aahet.
pinyache paanee, shetee aanee udhyogansathi paanee kadhanyamule nadicha pravah qamee jhaala aahe, jyamule vanyajeev prabhavit jhaale aahet aanee urvarit nadichya panyat asalele pradushak kendrit jhaale aahet.
thams thams netrutvakhalil nalkandya basavinyachya prakalpanmule panyala pranavayu midavatana pradushak kadhoon taknyas madat hote, tasech panyachya aakarmanasathi adhivas tayar hoto aanee kalvyandvare bandhalelya nadichya manavnirmit konkreetchya bhaganche saundarya sudharate.
khel.
tyanchya suruvatichya kalat, tottenham hotspur tyanche khel middle leevareel tottenham daldalichya thikani khelayache, tarr letton orientmadhye loar lii lii anek gharguti maidane hotee, donhichi sadhyachi maidane nadichya eka mailachya aat hotee. thams ironworkscha karyasangh mhanoon west hamm unitedchi sthapana karnyat aalee, eka shipyard jeey thamschya sangmajaval leechya donhi bajunna pasarale hote.
hote olympicmadhye leechya kathavaril queen elizabeth olympic parkmadhye laksh kendrit karnyat aale hote aanee nadichya done shakhanmadhil betavaril tyache mukhya stadium aata west hamm unitedche ghar aahe. hertfordshiremadhil lii valley white watter center haah yaa khelancha aanakhi eka creeda varsa aahe.
varnanatmak nondi.
london pool khalee padat aahe.
boow brijchya sandarbhat, london brij yaa nursory kavitachya vividh aavrutya khalee padat aahet. sarvat junie dnyat aavrutti ashee asoo shakate qee 1823 madhye 'gentlemens magazin' chya eka batmidarane tee aathvan karoon dilee, jyamadhye tyane charles II (aar. 1660-1685) aanee tyat geete hotih
sunder stree' chya olakhibaddal anek siddhant aahet, jyat hii kalpana samavisht aahe qee tee dhanushya pulachi nirmati matilda aanee tichya tichya sandarbh gheu shakate kinwa tee lii nadilach lagoo houu shakate.
itar.
aaa story auph too swan' hii kavita lii nadichya kathavar mandanyat aalee aahe. too william vallansane lihila hota aanee 1590 madhye prakashit jhaala hota.
izaq waltonchya 'daad complete angler' yaa masemarichya abhijat pustakachya suruvatichya adhyayanmadhye nadicha juna pravah darshavila gela aahe. lekhak totenhampasoon suruvat karato aanee tethoon nadiparyant pudhe jaato.
nadichya nadichya chalanyasathi eka margdarshak leh hats yanni lihile hote aanee 2009 madhye nadichya sampoorn lambichya bajoone chalanyacha eka vruttant 'diamond geiser' neey blogg mhanoon prakashit keela hota.
2014 madhye, german lekhika esthar kinsky yanni 'emm flues' hii kadambari prakashit kelee, jee aata 'nadee' mhanoon ingerjit upalabdh aahe, jyache bhashantar ian galbraith yanni kele aahe, jee ghodyachya nalyachya binduvar marinapasoon nadichya mukhaparyant khalchya leechya bajoone tichya chalanyavar aadharit aahe jithe tee thamsla milate.
2015 madhye, gayika-gitkar adelane tichya tichya studio album '25' varr eka gaane nadila samarpit kele.

