
asmahan

amal all-atarash (25 november 1912-14 julai 1944), jee tichya manchavaril naav asmahan (, ') neey adhik olakhali jaate, tee eka syrian-egyptian gayika hotee.
vayachya teenavya varshi egyptmadhye sthalantarit jhalyanantar, tichya kutumbala sangitkar dowood hosni maheet hota aanee tine mohammed all kasabgi aanee jakaria ahmed yanchya rachana gayalya. tine mohammed abdel wahab aanee ticha bhau fareed all-atarash, joou tevhacha udayas aalela taara sangitkar hota, yanchya rachana dekhil swatachya paddhatine gayalya. 20 vya shatkatil arab jagatil sarvat pratishthit gayakanpaiki eka manalya jaananya umm kulthumshi gambhir spardha karananya arab sangeet jagatatil mojkya mahila aavajanpaiki ticha aavaj eka hota. eka motar apghatatil tichya rahasyamay mrutyune janatela dhakka basala. patrakaranni tichya ashant vaiyaktik jivanabaddal aanee dusya mahayuddhatil kathit hergirichya bhoomikebaddal afava pasaravalya.
prarambhik jeevan.
asmahancha janm suveda yetheel syrian druze fahad all-atarash aanee hasbayamadhil lebani druze 'alia all-mundhir' yaa doghanchya potee jhaala. tiche vadil druze all-atrash kulatoon aale hote, jeey french tabyat asalelya lokanviruddha ladhanyatil bhoomikesathi syriamadhye prasiddha hote.
osmanchya vadilanni turkstanmadhil demirsi jilhyache rajyapal mhanoon kaam kele, ottoman samrajyachya shevatchya kalat, jevha too aapali mule aanee garbhavati patnisah desh sodoon paloon gela. 25 november 1912 roji teey izmirhoon berutala jaananya jahajavar chadhale aanee tyat asmahancha janm jhaala. teela 'amal' asey naav denyat aale, jyacha arth 'aasha' assa hoto. teela 'emily' asehi mhatale jaat asey, parantu nehmi 'amal' heey naav teela pasant hote. french sattevar aalyanantar, kutumb jabal all-druze yethe paratale.
1922 madheel adham khanjar ghatanenantar, all-kraya (jabal all-druzemadhil eka shahar) yetheel all-atarashchya gharavar french sainyane bombsfot kele. 'alia tichya mulansah damaskasla paloon gelee aanee fahadchya aadeshanantarhi tine parat jaanyas nakar deela. nantar asmahanane jabal all-druzmadhil tichya balpanichi varshe "kharokharach konatyahi white goshtine sparsh naan keleli" mhanoon aathavali. 'alia aanee teen mule berutala gelee, parantu french lock tithe tyancha shodh ghet aahet heey kalalyanantar teey palestinemadhil haifamadhye thambale aanee tethoon egyptala gele, jithe tyanni swatahsathi aanee tyanchya teen mulansathi rajkiy aashray ghetala; nantar 1926 madhye egyptchya sarkarne tyanna rajkiy aashray denyacha adhikar deela, asha prakare tyanna egyptche nagrik mhanoon naisargik kele.
egyptmadhye sthalantar.
'aliane kairola sthalantar karane nivadle, kaaran teela maheet hote qee egyptche tatkalin rashtravadi pantpradhan saad zaghlaul aanee tichya patiche natevaik sultan all-atrash heey sambandhit atinvar hote. kautumbik vruttannusar, 'aliyala saad jhaghalaulachya prayojakatvakhali egyptmadhye pravesh karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee hotee. yaa kalat egyptmadhye itar anek syrian aanee lebeni upasthit hote.
asmahan aanee tiche kutumb pahilyanda kairochya eka chhotya bhagat eka sadniket rahat hote. kutumbala aadhar denyasathi tichi aaee kapade dhune aanee shivankam karat asey. tichyakade utkrusht aavaj hota, tee 'uda' vajavu shakat hotee, partyanmadhye gaat asey aanee kahee dhwanimudrane karoo shakat hotee. asmahan aanee tiche bhau french catholic shalet shikale. shikshanachya uchch kharchasathi savalat midvinyasathi, 'alia' yanni shalechya adhikanyanna shrimant all-atrash kutumbatil sadasya niradhar aahet heey patvoon denyacha prayatna karnyaivaji 'kusah' (mhanje 'courtgate') yaa upnamantargat tyanchi nondani kelee. 'eka egyptian patrakarachya mhananyanusar, 'aliyala eka gupt labharthikadun (king-crain aayogachi)' barren 'crain asalyachi afava pasaravalyamule masik vetan midale. yamule teela tichya mulanchya shalechya shikshanacha kharch aanee habib shalabi rastyavaril eka changlya sadnikacha kharch uchalata aala.
karkird.
sangitachi suruvat.
amalchi gayan pratibha lahan vayatach shodhali gelee. ekada, jevha ticha bhau fareed yane egyptchya sarvat prasiddha sangitkaranpaiki eka, dowood hosnila tyanchya gharee sweekarle, tevha dawood hosnine tichya kholeet tiche gaane aikale aanee teela lagech bhetanyacha aagrah dharala. tyanantar tyane teela punha ganyas sangitale. too yaa sadarikaranane khoop prabhavit jhaala aanee tyane teela asmahanche manchavaril naav suchavale. amalane teey naav vaparnyas suruvat kelee.
asmahanla patkan prasiddhi midalih pratishthit kairo aupera haus yetheel eka maifilimadhye tichi olakh jhaali tevha tee chauda varshanchi dekhil navhati (kinwa tichi janmatarikh vadgrast asalyane satra varshanchi). tine fareed ghosan, daud hosni, mohammed all kasabgi aanee jakaria ahmed yanni sangitbaddha keleli ganee gayali aanee dhwanimudrit kelee. vayachya chaudavya varshi, aasmahanla eka egyptian dhwanimudran companyne ticha pahila sangrah tayar karnyasathi aamantrit kele hote, jyat fareed ghosanche tiche pahile gaane 'yaa narr faudi' hote.
vividh shikshakanni ticha gayan aanee sangitacha abhyas pudhe nela. hosnine asmahanla aud kase vajavayache teey shikavanyasathi swechhene pudhakar ghetala; kasabbi tippanya matra kahee varshannantar tine tyache kaam sadar kele toparyant tichya drushti vachanachya aanee sangitachya paripakv patalivar. matra, tine lagn karoon syriala paratave ashee tichya bhavanchi ichcha hotee. ticha chulat bhau husson all-atarash haah egyptala gela, aanee tyachyasobat asmahanmadhye rus asalelya eka vegalya chulat bhawala gheuun gela, tathapi, ekada husson, jyane aadhich paach vela lagn kele hote, tyane asmahanla pahile, tyane ticha pathlag keela aanee tee kiman chaar varshe syriala paratali, jyamule tichi sangeet karkird viskalit jhaali.
egyptcha prabhav.
asmahanane egyptmadhye gaane gayale asalyane, tichya ganyanche booal shastriy arabi aanee adhik bolki arabi bhashet lihile gele hote, parantu tine arabichya purvekadil bolibhashetahi gaane gayale. asmahanane umm kulthumne nishchitpane ganyanchi pratikruti tayar kelee asey mhatale jaate. jevha teela sanskrutik deshbhakti aanee prem yabaddal ganyas vicharale gele, tevha tine ijiptabaddal gaane gayale."gayak aanee studio uchchabhru lokanvar avalambun asalyane, asmahanla utthankari rashtravadi sankalpananvar kinwa egyptian rajgharanyachi stutee karnyasathi ganee gayachi padali. tichya karkirdichya suruvatila tine merrie mansoor, saala masaria yanchya malkichya niteclubmadhye gaane gayale.
asmahancha motha bhau, fuad aanee itar druze natevaikanni ekhadya mulisathi manoranjanatil karkird hii apmanaspad manali. tyanchyasathi, sanskratikdrushtya, "egypt heey druzechya chhotya gavanpasoonche grahanche antar hote."aanee tichya natevaikanna asamahanche vividh egyptian samajik drushyat ekikaran swikarane katheen hote. dharmik aadharavar, syrian grameen bhagache spashtapane paribhashit vibhag egyptmadhye karyarat navhate. jevha tiche lagn tiche chulat bhau hasnashi jhaale aanee nantar 1941 madhye jevha tine tyachyashi punarvivah keela aanee egyptala paratali, tevha tichi sangeet karkird thapp jhaali. jevha pahilyanda lagn tutale, tevha ghatasfot biil milanyapurvich tee lagech egyptala ravana jhaali. egyptmadhye paratalyanantar aanee gayan karkirdit, tine shevati padadyavar yeuun (tee 'laila majun' madhye disali navhati parantu ticha aavaj darshavila gela aahe) 'aadar' nakarla jyamule tiche natevaik aanee syrian druze samaj doghehi santapt jhaale. jevha ticha pahila chitrapat, 'intisar all-shabab' syriamadhye pradarshit jhaala, tevha eka tarun druze padadyavar chitrit karnyat aala jevha asmahanane sakarleli vyaktirekha disali. dvi-rashtriy kinwa samkalin bhashet, aantar-rashtriy asmahan toparyant jabal druzemadhil tarunansathi "eka atyadhunik" paradeshi "banala hota."
vaiyaktik jeevan.
1933 madhye, asmahancha chulat bhau husson all-atrash kairo yethe aala aanee tyane asmahanla tichi sangeet karkird sodoon denyachi vinanti karoon lagnacha prastav thewala. tine teen atinvar sahmati darshavalih teey jabal all-druzaivaji damaskasmadhye rahatat, kairomadhye hiwala aanee teela kadhihi paramparik hijab ghalanyachi aavashyakta nahee. tyanni lagn kele aanee pratham 'aaraa' yethe sthalantarit jhaale jethe all-atarash eka mothe ghar rakhoon thevatat aanee nantar suveda yethe swatache ghar bandhatat. asmahanane tichi mulgi kameliala janm deela. akheris, asmahanane tichi karkird aanee kairomadhil tiche jeevan gamavale; aanee 1939 madhye, ticha aanee hasancha ghatasfot jhaala. gizamadhil meena haus hotelmadhye tichya chulat bhavashi jhalelya shevatchya sangharshat tee tyala mhanali, "mea swatantrya aanee muktisathi tujhyabarobar ubhi aahe, mea ubha aahe. pann, mallah dusya hetusathi nirman karnyat aale. mallah faridche kaam, aanee umm kulthumche kaam aanee qalaa aavadate."tee kairola paratali aanee tine tichi gayan karkird punha suru kelee, egyptcha digdarshak ahmed badrakhanshi alpakalasathi lagn kele.
1941 madhye, britishanchya aashrayakhali tee natyamay aanee gupt pravas karoon syriala paratali. hasanane teela bhetanyas sahmati darshavali aanee yaa prasangi teela punha lagn karanyachi vinanti kelee. tyanchya lagnadarmyan tine donada aatmahatyecha prayatna keela. vruttapatratil vruttapatranni suchavale qee heey asey hote jenekarun tee hasanpasoon dusra ghatasfot gheu shakel; tathapi, jerusalemmadhil king david hotelala tine dilelya bhetinmule too pratyakshat sahmat jhaala asey disate, jithe tichya vagnukishi aanee atikharchanshi jangali afava jodalya gelya hotya. tiche tisare aanee antim lagn egyptche digdarshak ahmed salem yanchyashi jhaale, asey manale jaate qee sarkari adhikaanyaanee ladalelya nirbandhanmule teela egyptala parat yenyas madat jhaali. matra, teey kase ghadel heey aspasht aahe aanee egyptmadhye ticha studio karar chaloo hota. asmahan all othman kutumbashi jawalche mitra hote aanee jevha tee palestinechya haifala gelee tevha tyanni tyanna madat kelee tevha teey tyanna bhetale.
1941 madhyehi, asmahanchi bhet egyptche sarvat pratishthit gayak aanee sangitkar mohammed abdel wahab yanchyashi jhaali aanee tyane tyachya 'magnun laila' ('laila' saha veshtit) yaa chitrapatamadhye tyachyasobat kaam kele. abdel vahabne tichi olakh patrakar mohammed all-tabaishi karoon dilee, joou suchavato qee tee tyachya premat hotee, parantu tyachya likhanacha suur soochit karato qee too tichya premat hota, parantu ticha aadar keela nahee. too suchavato qee tiche affairs hote kinwa kiman shahee chamberlain ahmed pasha hasnenshi chaloo asalele sambandh hote parantu heey atishayoktipurna asoo shakate. tiche bhau, fuad aanee fareed, tichya halchalinvar laksh thevu shakale naheet. ticha bhau eka prasiddha jugar hota; tee aanee tiche mitrahi party karayache, dhoomrapan karayache, madyapan karayache aanee jugar khelayache. kahee kaal tee khoop aajari padali, parantu tichya aavajala tras jhaala nahee asey dhvanimudranatun disun yete.
asmahanla tichya kautumbik parshvabhoomicha abhiman hota aanee tine nehmich tiche vadil aanee tyacha chulat bhau sultan all-atarash yacha ullekh tichya purvajanna spasht karnyasathi keela-ekada all-tabaila, tyane nuktach ticha upman kelyanantar, "mea kona aahe heey tumhala maheet nahee qaa? mea fahad all-atarashchi mulgi aanee amir all-atarash aanee druze krantikari nayak sultan all-atarashcha chulat bhau qaa aahe? asmahan haah hasancha pahila chulat bhau navhata, parantu egyptchya lokansathi tyala 'ibn' ammi 'mhanoon sambodhala jaat asey, kharey tarr tee tyachi dusari chulat baheen hotee, donada (pidhyanpidhya) kadhoon taknyat aalee.
swar vaishishtye.
asmahanchya prasiddha vistrut gayan shrenimadhye contralto aanee natyamay mezo-sopranocha samavesh hota (tichya 'yaa tuyur' chya sadarikaranat aikoo yete, jithe tee sahajatene aanee brios uchch staravar pohochate). asmahanchya aavajachi tulana fairuz aanee sabahshi kelee gelee aahe. tathapi, done dashakanhun adhik kalapurvi tine tichi karkird suru kelee, tevha tine pratyakshat bail canto mhanoon olakhale jaanare italian gayan tantra sweekarle navhate, tarr tyaeivaji tichya swatachya kalatil aanee egyptmadhye anek prashansaneey modelskadoon gaane shikale jethe gayakanchya adhik vaividhyapurn gatane sadarikaran kele aanee asha velee jevha arabi gayanat anunasik aanee chhatichya anunad yaa donhicha vapar keela gela.
asmahancha aavaj shaktishali hota, pann chapalahi hota. tee samanyatah tichya chhatichya pattyamadhye gaat asey parantu tichya dokyachya pattyacha vapar karoo shakat asey aanee atishay niyantrit swarat gauu shakat asey. shastriy pashchatya tantra vaparnari tee pahili kinwa pahili arabi gayika hotee asey mhanane chukiche nahee, tasech phaar qamee kalakar ekach ganyat (pashchatya aanee arab) done vegvegalya shailitil arth lavnyas aanee tantra badalanyas saksham aahet.
dusya mahayuddhatil bhoomika.
1941 madhye, dusya mahayuddhachya kalat, british aanee mukt frenchanchya vinantivarun asmahan syriachya (siriya, nantar vhichi francechya rajvatikhali) french aadeshakade paratala. british aanee mukt french sainya tyanchya pradeshatoon syriavar aakraman karnar aahe aanee tyanni ladhu naye heey tyanna patvoon denyasathi, jabal all-druzemadhil aaplya lokanna soochit karnyasathi tee eka gupt mohimevar hotee. british aanee mukt frenchanni aakramanachya divashi serve rahivashanna siiriya aanee lebnonche swatantrya denyache vachan dile hote. jaree kahee gatanna velevar shabd midala nahee aanee tyanni aakraman karananya sainyashi ladha deela, taree druze sahmat jhaale. siiriya-lebnon mohimedarmyan mitrarashtranni siiriya surakshit kelyanantar, general charles dii gallene syriala bhet dilee. jevha mitrapaksh syrian swatantryache vachan purn karnyat ayashasvi jhaale, tevha asmahanane turkimadhil nazinshi sampark sadhanyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyala simevar thambavanyat aale aanee lebnonla pathvanyat aale. asamahanla paishanchi garaj hotee, kaaran tichya patine ticha kharch qamee keela hota, tyamule tine keval nidhi midvanyasathi german lokanshi sampark sadhanyacha prayatna keela asava.
asmahanane mohammed all-tabaila sangitale qee mitrapakshanna kelelya tichya sevansathi teela britishankadun 40,000 paundanchi rakkam milanar aahe. general charles dii gallcha kairomadhil pratinidhi general georges catrox hota. damishkmadhil catroxchya delge, curnell koletane sangitale qee britishanni asmahanla (aanee tyachya upasthitit itar druze purushanna) paise dile aanee mitrapakshanchya aakramanapurvi druzecha pathimba midvanyasathi teela jabalala pathavale. edward bhale yanni tyanchya aatmacharitranmadhyehi heach mahitee dilee aahe.
mrutyu.
14 julai 1944 roji, egyptmadhil mansaura shaharajaval chalakache niyantran sutalyane, asmahan aanee eka mahila mitra gheuun jaanari qaar kosalali aanee rastyachya kadela asalelya kalvyat gelee. qaar done darvajanchi model hotee aanee mahila magchya seatwar basalelya hotya. teey beshuddha padale aanee nantar budale asey manale jaat hote. matra, chalak paloon jaanyat yashasvi jhaala.
yaa paristhitimule anek shanka, afava aanee cutt rachanyache siddhant nirman jhaale. udaharanarth, british guptachar sansthene, tee tyanchyasathi kaam karat asalyacha dawa karananya anek batamya prasarit kelyanantar, tine german agentsna bhetanyacha prayatna kelyanantar tichi sutka kelyacha aarop karnyat aala. tine britishanna dilelya madatisathi german gestapover tichi hatya kelyacha aaropahi karnyat aala hota. tyaveli tichya patiche tichyashi hinsak bhandan jhaale hote aanee anek afavanmule tichya kutumbacha sanman dhokyat aala hota.
anek varshannantar, tiche done bhau, faud aanee fareed all-atarash, kairomadhil fustat maidanamadhye asatana, tichya ichchhenusar, asamahanla egyptmadhye daphan karnyat aale, jeey tine aanee bhau faridne abdel haleem hafezs tyachya purvichya kahee vaibhavat punarsanchayit kele hote.
varsa.
egyptchya madhyam nirmiti shaharane aanee eka khajgi guntavanukdarane sanyuktapane asmahanche jeevan (aanee mrutyu) darshavinari durchitravani malika tayar kelee. arabi malikene 2008 madhye ramjan mahinyat padarpan kele. asamahanchi bhoomika syrian abhinetri sulph favakerjine sakarli hotee. 25 november 2015 roji gugalane gugal doodlecha vapar karoon asmahancha 103 vaa vadhadivas sajra keela.