
pope urban dusra

pope urban dusra (-29 julai 1099), jyala anyatha odo auph chattillan kinwa otho dii laggery mhanoon olakhale jaate, too catholic charchcha pramukh aanee 12 march 1088 pasoon tyachya mrutyuparyant pope rajyancha shasak hota. too clermont parishadeche aayojan karnyasathi prasiddha aahe, jyane khristi vijayanchya malikela petavale, jyala dharmayuddha mhanoon olakhale jaate.
pope urban haah moolcha francecha hota aanee too chattillan-suur-marnechya french samudayatil eka kuleen kutumbacha vanshaj hota. rims hii jawalchi cathedral shaala hotee jithe tyane 1050 madhye aapale shikshan suru kele.
tyachya popapadachya aadhi, shahari heey cluney aanee ostiyache bishop yanchya aadhiche bhavya hote. pope mhanoon, tyanni antipope clement III, vividh khrishchan rashtranchya antargat sangharsh aanee europemadhil muslimanchya ghuskhoricha samna keela. 1095 madhye tyane pahilya dharmayuddhala (1096-99) upadesh denyas suruvat kelee. muslimanpasoon pavitra bhoomi parat midvanyasathi aanee purvekadil church mukt karnyasathi ladhananyanchya mageel serve papansathi tyane kshama aanee kshama karnyache vachan dile. hii maafee spainmadhil muslimanshi ladhananyannahi lagoo hoil. pahilya dharmayuddhamule fatiminkadun jerusalemvar kabja jhaala aanee parinami tethil muslim loksankhyechi kattal jhaali, pope urban dusra haah batami milanyapurvich maran pavala.
church chalvanyasathi madat karnyasathi tyane shahee charchchya darbarapramane aadhunik kalatil roman curia dekhil sthapan keela.
14 julai 1881 roji pope leo teravya yanni tyanna poojya ghoshit kele.
ostiyache bishop.
urban, baptisma ghetalelya yoodscha (odo) janm chattillan-suur-marnechya kutumbat jhaala. too clunichya mathapurvi hota aanee pope gregory sahava yane nantar tyala ostiyacha cardinal-bishop asey naav dile. visheshtah 1084 madhye pavitra roman samrajyatil pratinidhi mhanoon, gregorian sudharananchya sarvat pramukh aanee sakriy samarthakanpaiki too eka hota. gregory VII neey jyanna "papabil" (sambhavya uttaradhikari) mhanoon namankit kele hote, tyaa tighanpaiki too eka hota. monte casinocha mathadhish deciderius yachee nivad 1085 madhye gregarichya pathopath karnyasathi karnyat aalee hotee, parantu, tisra vijeta mhanoon tyachya alpakalchya karkirdinantar, march 1088 madhye terracina yethe jhalelya cardinals aanee itar prelateschya chhotya baithakit odochi nivad prashansa karoon karnyat aalee.
pope.
adhikarasathi sangharsh karane.
suruvatipasunach, shahari lokanna romla 'clement III' mhanoon dharan karananya ravanecha majee bishop, gibertchya upasthitichi ganana karavi lagali. popchya adhikaravarun gregaricha samrat heinry chautha yachyashi varanvar sangharsh jhaala hota. canosala chaalat gelyanantarhi gregarine swabiyachya bandkhor dukela pathimba deela hota aanee punha samratala bahishkrut kele hote. heinryne shevati 1084 madhye rome tabyat ghetala aanee tyachya jaagi clement III sthapan keela.
arbanane pope gregori VII chee dhorane sweekarli aanee tyancha drudhnishchayane pathpurava kartana, adhik lavchikta aanee rajnaitik chaturai darshavali. samanyatah rompasoon door thevalelya shahari shaharanni uttar itali aanee francecha daura keela. rome, amalfi, benevento aanee troya yethe aayojit kelelya sabhasthanachya sabhagruhachya malikanni simoni, samanya guntavanuk, lipic vivah (anshatah "kullajiyam" karadvare) aanee samrat aanee tyachya virodhi yanviruddha navyane ghoshana karnyat tyala pathimba deela. tyane tuscanychi countess matilda hicha vivah, bavariyacha duke, welf II yachyashi sulabh keela. tyane aaplya vadilanviruddha rajkumar conradchya bandala pathimba deela aanee 1095 madhye cremona yethe conradla varche padd dile. tethe asatana, tyane conrad aanee sisilichya count roggerchi mulgi maximila yanchyatil lagnachi vyavastha karnyat madat kelee, jee tyaa varshachya uttaradhat pisa yethe ghadali; tichya mothya hundachya madatine conradchya nirantar mohimanna aarthik madat jhaali. samradnyi edelidela ticha patee heinry IV viruddha laingik jabardastichya aaropanmadhye protsahan denyat aale. englandcha raja william dusra yachyabarobar dharmguruchya pechprasangavar todga kadhanyasathi vataghati karoon aanee shevati rommadhil shahee popchya virodhat englandcha pathimba midvat, tyane encelmchya dharamshastriy aanee charchsambandhi karyala pathimba deela.
tathapi, shahareene tyachya purvavartinchya sudharananna jordar pathimba kayam thewala aanee canterburyche naveen archbishop englandmadhun paloon gele tevha too enselmla pathimba denyas sankoch keela nahee. tyachpramane, tyachya hetusathi french pathimbyache mahatva asoonahi, tyane raja philipachya, anjouchya gananechi patni bertrade dii montfort hichyashi jhalelya tyachya duppat mothya vivahabaddal, tyachya bahishkarachya tyachya kayadeshir hoog auph dyla kayam thewale. (rajane teela sodoon denyache vachan dile aanee nantar varanvar tichyakade paratanyache vachan dile mhanoon bandee varanvar uthavanyat aalee aanee punha lagoo karnyat aalee. 1104 madhye sarvajanik tapashcharya kelyane haah vaad sampala, jaree bertrade luiaivaji tichya mulanna philipache uttaradhikari pahanyachya prayatnat sakriy rahili.) shahari kshetrane pudhe, 11vya shatkachya akheris adhyatmachya samoohik ghatanela hatbhar lavat, khristi shraddheche dnyan pasaravanyasathi aanee sudharana chalvalichya kalpananna protsahan denyasathi, arabriselachya robertsarkhya pravasi pracharkansathi adhikrut kele.
pahila dharmayuddha.
urban II chya chalvaline picenzachya parishademadhye pahila sarvajanik aakar ghetala, jithe march 1095 madhye, urban II laa byzantine samrat alexios aay komnenoskadun rajdoot midala, jyane purvi byzantine anatoliacha bahutansh bhag tabyat ghetalelya muslim seljuk turkanchya virodhat madat magitali. clermont parishadechi baithak jhaali, jyat asankhya italian, bergandian aanee french bishop upasthit hote. antim satra vagalata serve satre ektar clermontchya cathedralmadhye kinwa notre-dame-du-portchya upnagariy charchmadhye jhaali.
jaree parishadeche laksh pramukhyane charchchya padanukramatil sudharananvar kendrit hote, taree shahari dvitiyane 27 november 1095 roji parishadechya shevati vyapak shrotyansamor bhashan dile. tyala aikanyasathi aalelya mothya gardila samavoon ghenyasathi heey bhashan baher khulya havet kele gele.
urban II chey pravachan atyant prabhavi tharale, kaaran tyane upasthit kuleen varg aanee lokanna pavitra bhoomi aanee samanyatah purvekadil church seljuk turkanchya niyantranatun hiskavoon ghenyasathi bolavale. heey bhashan hote jyane dharmayuddhanna chalana dilee.
clermontchya parishademadhye shahari lokanni dilelya bhashanache konatehi achook pratilekhan astitvat nahee. bhashanachya vidyaman paach aavrutya kahee kalanantar lihilya gelya aanee tyaa ekmekanpeksha mothya pramanat bhinn aahet. charterchya fulturecha prabhav vagalata bhashanachya serve aavrutya bahudha 'gesta francorum' navachya pahilya dharmayuddhatil itihasachya vruttantane prabhavit jhalya hotya (see. 1101), jyat tyachi eka aavrutti samavisht aahe. jaree tyanni dharmayuddhatil tyancha itihas lihayala suruvat kelee nasali, taree, see. paryant bhashanachya aavruttisah, jaree tyanni dharmayuddhatil itihas lihayala suruvat kelee nasali taree, parishademadhye anek charter upasthit hote. 1101. robbert daad monk kadachit upasthit asava, parantu tyachi aavrutti sumare 1106 salchi aahe.
pavitra bhoomivar dharmayuddha pukarnyachya shahari lokanchya khyan hetunche moolyankan karnyache eka changle sadhan mhanoon, pope urban yanni swatah lihileli chaar vartaman patre aaheth eka flamishla (dinank december 1095); eka bolonijla (dinank september 1096); eka valombrosala (dinank aktoobar 1096); aanee eka kataloniyachya gananesathi (dinank 1089 kinwa 1096-1099). tathapi, purvichi teen patre dharmayuddhanna lokancha pathimba midvane aanee uddishte prasthapit karnyashi sambandhit hotee, parantu catalonian prabhuna lihileli tyanchi patre tyaeivaji tyanna mursaviruddha ladha suru thevanyachi vinanti karatat, asey aashvasan dett qee asey kelyane seljukanviruddhchya sangharshapramanech daivi bakshise midatil. clermont yetheel tyachya bhashanachya vyakhya kelelya aavruttyanaivaji urban II chee swatachi patre, dharmayuddhabaddalacha tyacha vastavik vichar ughad karatat. tathapi, bhashanachya aavrutyancha lokpriy sankalpana aanee dharmayuddhanvishayichya gairsamjanvar motha prabhav padala aahe, mhanoon paach likhit bhashananchi tulana shahari bhashanachya vastavik shabdanshi karane yogya aahe. charterchya fulturemadhye shahari mhan aahe qee prabhu aanee khrist khrishchananna tyanchi jameen parat midvanyasathi aanee ladhanyasathi vinavani karatat aanee aadnya detat.
itihaskar robbert daad munk yane heey urban II chya tondat thewaleh.. tumhi jithe rahata, tee serve bajunni samudrane vedhaleli aanee dongaranchya shikharanni vedhaleli jameen tumchya mothya loksankhyesathi khoop arund aahe; tasech tee samruddhihi nahee; aanee tee aaplya shetkyanna kvachitach purese ann puravate. tyamule tumhi ekmekanchi hatya karata, tumhi yuddh karata aanee anekada paraspar jakhmanmule tumcha naash hoto. mhanoon tumchyamadhye dvesh door houu dya, tumche bhandane sampu dya, yuddhe thambu dya aanee serve matbhed aanee vaad zopu dya. pavitra kabarichya margavar jaa; tee jameen dusht vanshapasoon palavoon ghya aanee tee tumchya adheen qaraa... devane tumhala serve rashtranpeksha mahan vaibhav pradan kele aahe. tyanusar, swargachya rajyachya avinashi vaibhavachya aashvasanasah, tumchya papanchya mafisathi haah pravas qaraa.
robbert pudhe mhanalah
jevha pope urban yanni heey sangitale hote... tyachya shahari bhashanachya goshtinmule, upasthit asalelya sarvanchya ichcha eka uddeshasathi tyanni itakya prabhavit kelya qee teey oradale qee, "hii devachi ichcha aahe! tee devachi ichcha aahe!". jevha aadaraniy roman mathadhishanni heey aikale, tevha [teey] mhanaleh "sarvat priy bandhunno, prabhu suvartet jeey sangato teey aaj tumchyamadhye prakat jhaale aahe, 'jethe done kinwa teen majhya navane ekatra jamale aahet tethe mea tyanchyamadhye aahe.'jarr tumchya aatmyat dev upasthit nasata, tarr tumhi sarvajan ekach oradaln nasat. kaaran, jaree anek tondatoon oradanyacha aavaj yet asala, taree oradanyacha ugam ekach hota. mhanoon mea tumhala sangato qee, jyaa devane heey tumchya stananmadhye rovale aahe, tyane teey tumchyakadun kadhale aahe. mug heey yuddhat tumche yuddh pukaru dya, kaaran haah shabd tumhala devane dilela aahe. jevha shatruprati sashastr hallah keela jaato, tevha devachya serve sainikanni haah hallah karoo dyah hii devachi ichcha aahe! tee devachi ichcha aahe!"
pope urbanchya bhashanachya charterchya vruttantat dharmayuddhat sahbhagi jhalelya pratyekasathi papanchi kshama karnyache vachan hote.jeey kahee margane martat, mug teey jaminivarun asso kinwa samudradvare, kinwa murtipujkanviruddhachya ladhait, tyanna papanchi twarit kshama milel. mea jyaa devachya samarthyane guntalelo aahe, tyadvare mea tyanna heey deto.
dev ichchito' kinwa 'hii devachi ichcha aahe' (lattinmadhye 'duce woolt', frenchmadhye 'diu leey vhat') haah prasiddha naara pratyakshat parishadedarmyan eka jallosh mhanoon sthapit karnyat aala hota qee nahee yavar vaad aahe. robbert daad monk asey mhanat asatana, heey dekhil shakya aahe qee ghoshana nantar eka aakarshak prachar bodhvakya mhanoon tayar kelee gelee asavi.
urban II neey flamishla lihilelya swatachya patratoon pushti hote qee tyane purvekadil church mukt karnyasathi upkram haatee ghenanyanna "tyanchya serve papanchi kshama" dilee. nogentcha margdarshak aanee dolcha takkal asalela robbert daad monk yane nondavalelya bhashananshi eka ullekhaneey virodhabhas mhanje jerusalemvar qamee bharr dene, jyacha shahari keval ekdach tyachya swatachya chinteche kendra mhanoon ullekh karato. flamisla lihilelya patrat too lihito, "tyanni [turkanni] khristache pavitra shahar tabyat ghetale aahe, jeey tyachya utkatatene aanee punarutthanane aanee ishnindane sushobhit kele aahe-teela aanee tichya charchana ghrunaspad gulamgirit vikale aahe."bologna aanee valombrosala lihilelya patranmadhye tyane jerusalemla muslim rajvatitun mukt karanyachi swatachi ichcha nasoon jerusalemla ravana honyachya crusaderschya ichchecha sandarbh deela aahe. asey manale jaat hote qee mulat shahari lokanna byzantinechya madatisathi tulanene lahan sainya pathvayache hote, tathapi sant-gilchya puy aanee remandchya dharmayuddhatil done pramukh sadasyanna bhetalyanantar, shahari lokanni jerusalem punha midvinyasathi khoop mothe sainya ekatra aananyacha nirnay ghetala. shahari II mhanje jerusalemvar punha vijay midvanyaivaji sampoorn church kinwa samanyatah purvekadil church mukt karane. purvekadil pradeshatil devachi church" aanee "purvekadil church" (flemishsathi), "charchchi mukti" (bolognasathi), "mukt khristitva [laat. christionitatis] (valombrosa) aanee ashiyai church (catalan gananesathi). yogayogane asso vaa naso, charterschya shahari bhashanachya aavrutticha jerusalemcha konatahi spasht sandarbh nahee. tyaeivaji, yacha adhik samanyatah sandarbh, dharmayuddhaviranchya khrishchan "purvekadil kinanyavaril bandhunna" madat karane aanee turkankadun ashiya minor gamavane assa aahe.
nondavalelya vegvegalya bhashananmadhun, jyaa serve ekmekanpeksha bhinn hotya, pope urbanche hetu kaay hote, heey ajunahi vadgrast aahe. kahee itihaskaranche asey mutt aahe qee shahari lokanna purv aanee paschim churchche punarmilan havey hote, hii daree 1054 chya mothya matbhedamule nirman jhaali hotee. itaranche asey mutt aahe qee shahari lokanni pope mhanoon vaidhata midvanyachi sandhee mhanoon yakade pahile, kaaran tyaa velee teey antipope clement iiishhee ladhat hote. tisra siddhant assa aahe qee europemadhye muslimanchya ghuskhorimule shahari bhaganna dhoka jaanavala aanee tyachyaviruddha eksandh sanrakshanasathi khristi jagala ekatra aananyacha eka marg mhanoon dharmayuddhakade pahile.
1097 madhye french sainyatil ekane rommadhun clement tisra hakalpatti karane haah swatah shahari lokansathi pahilya dharmayuddhatil sarvat mahattvacha parinam hota. tethe tyachya jirnoddharala tuscanychya matildacha pathimba hota.
jerusalem crusaderschya haatee gelyanantar chauda divasanni 29 julai 1099 roji urban dusra maran pavala, parantu yaa ghatanechi batami italiparyant pohochanyapurvich; tyacha uttaradhikari pope pascal dusra hota.
spain.
urban haah tyachya mathadhishpadachya suruvatipasunach iberiamadhye guntalela hota. iberiatil tyachya sahbhaganpaiki done mukhya upkram hote, teey mhanjeh
yetheel shahari lokanni spainmadhil mursaviruddhachya dharmayuddhanna pathimba deela. shevedenchya matey, purv aanee jerusalemvar laksh kendrit kelyane spainmadhil ladhatikade durlaksh hoil ashee shahari lokanna chinta hotee. tyane purvekadil aanee spainmadhil ladhaila tyach dharmayuddhacha bhag mhanoon pahile jenekarun spainmadhye ladhananyansathi aanee spenhoon purvekade pravas karoo ichchinanyanna paravrutt karnanyansathi too papachi teech maafee deil. ashach prakarchi bhoomika erdmanne ghetali aahe, joou pope victor III yanni kelelya 1087 mahadia mohimedware purvaniyojit mhanoon iberiatil sangharshakade pahato. erdmancha yuktivad aahe qee, hii moheem yashasvi manali gelee kaaran 1092 madhye pisachya shikharala unchi denyat aalee hotee, jyamadhye shahari lokanni sarsen sainyavar alikadech jhalelya shetkari "vijay" chee kabuli dilee hotee.
cicilly.
byzantine samrajya, roman aanee pavitra roman samrajyashi jhalelya sangharshat urbanla campania aanee sisilichya normankadoon mahattvapoorn pathimba midala. tyaa badalyat tyane roser 1 laa bishop niyukt karnyache (samanya guntavanukicha adhikar), popchya rajvatikade pathavanyapurvi charchcha mahasool gola karnyache aanee charchchya prashnanvar nirnayat basanyacha adhikar deela. roser pahila aksharshah sisilimadhye popcha varas banala. 1098 madhye heey asadharan visheshadhikar hote qee pope europemadhil itaratra laukik sarvbhaumanpasun rokhale jaat hote aanee tyanantar rojarchya hohenstaffen varsanshi kadve sangharsh jhaale.
pooja.
pope urbanla 1881 madhye pope lio solavya yanni 29 julai roji tyanchya mejavanichya divasasah pavitra kele.