
mathyu bratingham

mathyu bratingham (1699-19 august 1769), jyala kadhikadhi mathyu bratingham daad elder mhatale jaate, haah 18 vya shatkatil eka ingraj hota, joou holcam hallchya bandhkamachya dekharekhisathi vinamra moodapasoon udayas aala aanee tyachya pidhitil deshatil sarvat prasiddha vastuvishardanpaiki eka banala. tevhapasoon tyanche bahutek pramukh kaam padnyat aale aahe, visheshtah londonmadhil tyanche kaam, jithe tyanni bhavya townhousechya rachnet kranti ghadavun aanali. parinami, aaj tyachyakade anekada durlaksh kele jaate, pramukhyane brittonchya purv anglia bhagat asalelya anek grameen gharanchya tyachya paladian punarnirmitisathi tyache smaran kele jaate. bratingham tyachya karkirdichya shikharavar pohochatach, paladianwad fashionmadhun baher padoo lagla aanee tarun robbert adamne navshastriyatechi suruvat kelee.
prarambhik jeevan.
bratinghamcha janm 1699 madhye jhaala, too englandmadhil norphoke county shaharatil norwich yetheel eka vitanchya tharavaril kinwa dagadi bandhkam karananya launcellot bratinghamcha (1664-1727) dusra mulga hota. tyane martha banshi (see. 1697-1783) seent. 17 meey 1721 roji norwich yetheel augustein charchmadhye tyanna nauu mule jhaali.
tyachya suruvatichya aayushyachi nond farshi nahee aanee 1719 madhye, jevha tyala aanee tyacha motha bhau robbertla norwich shaharat mukt vita padnare mhanoon dakhal karnyat aale, tevha tyacha sarvat aadhi nondavalela sandarbh aahe. bratinghamchya eka tikakarane tyaveli dawa keela hota qee tyache kaam itake kharab hote qee tyala eka karagirane vita padnara mhanoon aathvadyala nauu shillings (£ inch) dile jaat hote. tyachya vitanchya bandhanicha darja kahihi asso, tyane lavkarach swatahla pragat kele aanee too eka bandhkam kantratdar banala.
sthanik kantratdar.
atharavya shatkachya suruvatila, eka bandhkam kantratdarakade aaj shirshak suchavate tyapeksha khoop jaast jababdanya hotya. kantratdar anekada bandhkam purn hoiparyant serve tapashilanchi rachana, bandhani aanee dekhrekh karato. vastuvisharad, jyanna anekada sarvekshak mhatale jaate, tyanna keval sarvat bhavya aanee sarvat mothya imaratinsathi niyukt kele jaat asey. 1730 paryant, bratinghamla sarvekshak mhanoon sambodhale jaate, jeey cottage aanee krishi imaratinpeksha adhik mahattvachya sanrachananvar kaam karat hote. 1731 madhye, norwich gaolvareel tyachya kamasathi tyala 112 paund (£) dile gele hote ashee nond aahe. tevhapasoon, tyanni 1740 chya dashakat sarvajanik imarati aanee pulanvar nyayadhishanche (samkalin sthanik pradhikaran) sarvekshak mhanoon niyamitpane kaam kele asey disate. yaa kalapasoonchya tyachya prakalpanmadhye norwichmadhil shayarhausache nutanikaran, wensome nadivaril lenwade pulache bandhkam, norwich killa aanee norwich cathedralchi durusti, tasech seent sentchya bahutek bhagachi punarbandhani yancha samavesh aahe. 1742 madhye shikhar kosalalyane gambhir nuksan jhalelya marget church, kings lyne, heey gothick shailitil aanee bratinghamsathi durmil asalelya rachanechi ashtapailoota darshavina shayarhausmadhil tyachya kamamule, aarthik visangatinchya aaropansah tyachya aayushyachya mothya bhagamadhye pradirgh nyayalayin khatala suru honar hota. 1755 madhye, heey prakaran akheris bund karnyat aale aanee bratinghamchya khishatoon kityekashe paund-sadhyachya drushtine kityek hajaro-aanee tyachya charitryavar-jarr fakt sthanik asel tarr-eka daag padala. yaa prakaranachya pratilekhanvarun asey soochit hote qee bratinghamcha bhau robbert, jyala tyane up-karar keela hota aanee joou shayarhausachya chakakichya dagadi kamasathi jababdar hota, joou aaropanche kaaran asoo shakato. robbin lukaschya shabdat, bratinghamche gothick shailishi sankshipt premal prem, "puratan vastupeksha abhiyantyacha drushtikon" darshavite aanee aata "vilakshan mhanoon pahile jaate". 1822 madhye sharehouse padnyat aale.
vastuvisharad.
1734 madhye, bratinghamla tyachi pahili mothee sandhee midali, jevha tyaa kalatil done agraganya paladian vastuvisharad, william kent aanee laurd burlington, sanyuktapane norphokemadhil holcum yethe thomas koksathi, leicestercha pahila earl, bhavya paladian deshi rajvadyachi rachana karat hote. bratingham yanchi varshik pagar £50 (prati varsh £20) varr kamache karakoon (kadhikadhi karyakari vastuvisharad mhanoon sambodhale jaate) mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. 1759 madhye arlachya mrutyuparyant tyane heey padd kayam thewale. prasiddha vastuvisharad bahutek anupasthit hote; kharokharach burlington vastuvishardapeksha adhik aadarshavadi hote, tyamule bratingham aanee snrakshak laurd lessester yanna prakalpavar ekatra kaam karnyasathi sodale gele, vyavharik bratingham yanni vastuvishardanchya yojanancha arth leicesterchya garjansathi lavala. holcum yethech bratinghamne pahilyanda fashionable paladian shailisah kaam kele, jee tyachi trademark asanar hotee. holcum haah bratinghamcha prasiddhicha aadhar honar hota, kaaran tyachya tyachyashi asalelya sambandhanmulech too itar sthanik aashraydatyanchya laksh vedhoon ghetala aanee haydon aanee hohningham hallmadhye pudhil kamane bratinghamla sthanik deshi vastuvisharad mhanoon sthapit kele.
dakshin norphokemadhil swatachya udyanbhoomit ubhya asalelya langley hallchya punarvikasachi rachana karnyasathi 1742 madhye bratinghamla niyukt karnyat aale. tyachi rachana jaree khoopach lahan asali taree, holakamchya palladian shailit hotih eka motha pramukh madhyavarti gut joou done bajuchya duyyam pankhanshi lahan margikanni jodalela hota. kopyatil manore, youston hallmadheel bratinghamne nantarchya rachana kelelya manonyansarkhech asale taree, nantarchya malakache aanee vastuvishardache kaam hote. surr johnn soen yanni nantar navshastriy pravesh lodgechi bharr ghatali. 1743 madhye, bratinghamne hanworth holl, norphokchya bandhkamavar kaam suru kele, jeey dekhil paladian shailit aahe, jyamadhye vitanchya paach-khadichya darshani bhagasah madhyabhagi teen khadya pediments prakshepit kelya aahet.
1745 madhye, tyaa thikanavaril purviche ghar aagit jaloon khaq jhalyanantar teen varshanni, bratinghamne surr william harbardsathi norphokemadhil gunton hallchi rachana kelee. vitanchya naveen gharacha mukhya darshani bhag hanworth holsarkha hota, tathapi, heey mothe ghar saat khadya khol hote aanee tyachya paschim bajula eka motha seva vibhag hota. tyachya kamachi kaame pudhe durvaroon yeu lagalih susaxmadhil goodwood aanee twickenham yetheel sangamarvari tekadi.
1750 madhye, aata suprasiddha asalelya vastuvishardala, prabhavshali dusya duke auph graftonche suffock country aasan asalelya purv angliamadhil youston hallche nutanikaran karnyasathi eka mahattvapoorn commission midale. french shailit sumare 1666 madhye bandhalele mool ghar, pratyek kopyat mothya mandapansah madhyavarti darbarajaval bandhale gele hote. mool mandani rakhoon, bratinghamne fenestrationla aupcharik kele aanee adhik shastriyapane kathor kram lagoo keela, jyamadhye pavillions paladian paddhatine manonyanmadhye rupantar kele gele (inigo johnschya wilton hauspramanech). mandapanchya ghumatanchya jaagi holkhammadhil chhapparanpramanech qamee pyramidche chhappar thevanyat aale. bratinghamne youston yethe mothe seva angan dekhil tayar kele jeey aata haveliche praveshdwar mhanoon kaam karate, jeey aaj tyachya purvichya aakaracha keval eka ansh aahe.
youston aayogane bratinghamla itar shrimant aashraydatyanchya nidarshanas ghatt aanale asey disate. 1751 madhye, tyane petworth haus, susax yethe earl auph aggremontsathi kaam karnyas suruvat kelee. pudhil baaraa varshe tyanni madhyantari petworth yethe kaam suru thewale, jyat 1754 pasoon naveen chitra dalanachi rachana karane samavisht hote. tyach kalavadhit tyanchya deshi-gharanchya kamat hertfordshirechya muur parkmadhil badalancha samavesh hota; wartley holl, yorkshire; wakefield lodge, northamptonshire; aanee benakre haus, suffock.
london townhouses.
1747 pasoon, bratingham london tasech norwich yethoon karyarat hote. haah kaal tyachya karkirditil eka nirnayak tappa tharala, kaaran too aata keval sthanik kuleen aanee norlock abhijat vargasathi navhe tarr londonmadhye rahana mothya kuleen vargasathi grameen ghare aanee shet imaratinchi rachana karat hota.
bratinghamchya sarvat mothya ekal aayoganpaiki eka tevha aala jevha tyala seent pietersbergmadhil 9 vya duke auph norphoksathi tauun hausachi rachana karnyas sanganyat aale. james square, london. 1756 madhye purn jhalelya yaa havelicha bahereel bhag italian shaharanmadhil anek mahan 'palazi' sarkhach hotah saumya aanee vaishishtyahin, piano nobal keval tyachya unch khidkyandware vegale karata yeto. chhatavaril unchivaril madhyavarti khadyanna pradhanya denari bhittistambh aanee eka padatrane nasaleli hii vyavastha, agadi tyaa kalatil fashionable paladian mankannusarhi, suruvatila ingraji chavasathi khoop tivra hotee. suruvatichya samikshakanni yaa rachanela "aviveki" ghoshit kele.
tathapi, norphoke hausachi aateel rachana pudhil shatkasathi london tauun hausachi vyakhya karnyasathi hotee. flore plan haah holakam hallmadhye tyane bandhalelya duyyam pankhanpaiki ekachya rupantaravar aadharit hota. bhavya payyanvarr kendrit swagat kholyanche eka vartul, jyat italian paramparik aateel angan kinwa done majali sabhagruhachi jaaga payya sabhagruh ghete. saloonchya yaa vyavasthemule mothya partyanmadhil pahunyanna, jeey jevhan jevhan teey yet asat, tevhan teey duppat naan karata, shidichya varchya bajula swagat kele jaat asalyane, firanyachi parvanagi midali. dusra fayda assa hota qee pratyek kholeet pudhchya kholeet pravesh hota, tarr madhyavarti payyanparyant dekhil pravesh hota, tyamule eka velee fakt eka kinwa done kholya lahan kamansathi vaparlya jaau shakat hotya. purvi, londonchya gharanmadhil pahunyanna chhotya swagat kholyanchya lamb aavaratoon mukhya saloonmadhye pohochave lagat asey. yaa chauras aanee sankshipt paddhatine, bratingham mool palladian vhilachi mandani punha tayar karnyachya jawal aala. tyane, eka deshi aashraysthan mhanoon andrea palladione jyachi kalpana kelee hotee, tyache rupantar british kulinanchya jivanshailisathi yogya asalelya londonchya havelimadhye kele, jyat shaharatil mothya "pyalazo" chya nehamichya italian gharguti paddhatiche aanee deshatil eka chhotya vhilache ulat kele. bratinghamchya karkirdit anekada ghadalyapramane, robbert adamne nantar hii rachana sankalpana aanakhi vikasit kelee aanee tyachya yashache shrey tyala dile gele. tathapi, pudhil kahee dashkant londonchya anek havelinsathi norphoke hausasathi namuna mhanoon kaam karanyachi bratinghamchi yojana hotee.
bratinghamchya londonmadhil atirikt kamat seent pietersbergmadhil aanakhi done gharancha samavesh hota. james squareh nahee. straffordchya dusya arlasathi 5 aanee kra. 13 pahilya prabhuchya revensvarthasathi. brittonchya petworth yethe jyachyakarta brittenham kaam karat hota, laurd aggremontne brittenhamla londonchya bhavya havelichi rachana karanyachi aanakhi eka sandhee dilee-aggremont kutumbache tauun haus. 1759 madhye suru jhalela, haah palladian rajwada, jyala tyaa velee aggremont haus kinwa adhik vinamrapane 94 pikadili mhanoon olakhale jaate, too ajunahi ubhya asalelya londonchya kahee mothya shahar gharanpaiki eka aahe. nantar teey cambridge haus mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale aanee laurd palmerstonche aanee nantar nevel andd miiliitary clubche ghar hote; aktoobar 2007 paryant, teey eka lakzari hotelmadhye rupantarit karnyachya prakriyet aahe.
kedleston holl.
surr nathaniel karzan, nantar 1laa barren scarsdale, yanni 1759 madhye bratinghamla eka mothya grameen gharachi rachana karnyas sangitale. tyaa kalatil aaghadichya vastuvishardanpaiki eka asalelya james gibsney naveen keddleston sabhagruhachi sambhavya rachana tayar karnyachya tees varshanpurvi, parantu karzanla tyachya naveen gharane holcamchya shailishi aanee chavshi julavun ghyave asey vatat hote. laurd lessester, holcamcha malak aanee bratinghamcha malak, karzancha eka vishisht nayak hota. karzan haah eka atishay junya darrian kutumbatil hota aanee tyala devenshirechya vhig dukechya malkichya jawalchya chatsworth hausachi spardha karnyasathi eka shopis tayar karayacha hota, jyache kutumb countymadhye sapeksh navodit hote, jeey donshehun thode adhik varshanpurvi aale hote. tathapi, duke auph devenshirecha prabhav, sampatti aanee padvi karzanpeksha khoopach shreshth hotee aanee karzan tyache ghar purn karoo shakala nahee kinwa devenshirechya prabhavachi barobari karoo shakala nahee (william cavendish, devenshirecha chautha duke, 1750 chya dashakat pantpradhan hota). holcam punha tayar karnyasathi bratinghamla milanara haah aayog kadachit antim sanman hota, parantu yaveli purn shreyasah. kedleston hallchi rachana bratinghamne paladiochya naan bandhalelya villa mosenigochya yojnevar kelee hotee. holcum holpramanech bratinghamchi rachana, chaar duyyam pankhanni vedhalelya eka vishal pramukh madhyavarti blocksathi hotee, pratyek eka laghu deshi ghar, jeey swatah chaturthansh margikanni jodalele hote. prakalpachya suruvatipasunach, karzanane pratispardhyansah bratingham sadar kelyache disate. 1759 madhye, bratingham ajunahi suruvatichya tappyachya bandhkamache nirikshan karat asatana, ishanyekadil kautumbik gut, karzanane swayampakghar gut aanee chaturthansh bhagavar dekhrekh thevanyasathi tyaa kalatil sarvat ullekhaneey vastuvisharad james paine yaa vastuvishardala niyukt kele. penane bratinghamchya uttarekadil mothya aaghadichya bandhkamache nirikshanahi kele. tathapi, englandmadhil vastukalesathi haah eka nirnayak kshan hota. paledianvadala neoclassical designschya naveen ruchine aavhan dile jaat hote, jyacha eka pratipadak robbert addam hota. karzan 1758 salapasoonach aadamala bhetala hota aanee rommadhun navyane parat aalelya tarun vastuvishardane prabhavit jhaala hota. naveen kedalstonsathi kahee bagechya mandapanchi rachana karnyasathi tyane aadamala niyukt kele. edamchya kamamule itka prabhavit houn april 1760 paryant tyane bratingham aanee paine yaa donhi thikananchya jaagi naveen havelichya rachanecha ekmev prabhari edamala niyukt keela hota. edamne havelicha uttarekadil bhag bratinghamne jyapramane tayar keela hota, tassa purn keela, keval bratinghamchya ichchit praveshdvarat badal keela. prastavit chaar duyyam shakhanpaiki keval donach amalat aanalya gelya asalya taree gharachi moolbhut mandani bratinghamchya mool yojneshi nigadit rahili.
bratingham itar prakalpankade valala. 1760 chya dashakat, tyacha sarvat prasiddha aashraydata, duke auph york (king george tisra yacha bhau) yane, paal mallmadhil sarvat mahan havelinpaiki eka, mhanje york hausachi rachana karnyasathi tyachyakade sampark sadhala. bratinghamne rachana keleli aayatakruti haveli done pramukh majlyanvar paladian shailit bandhali gelee hotee, jyamadhye norphoke hauspramanech rajya kholya madhyavarti payya sabhagruhachya bhovati eka vartulat mandalya hotya. heey ghar keval norphoke hausache eka pestich hote, parantu bratinghamsathi tyat shahee rahivashachi prashansa hotee.
varsa.
tyachya shahee rahivashanni york hausala bratinghamchya karkirdiche shikhar banavale asave. 1760 chya dashakat bandhalele heey tyachya shevatchya bhavya gharanpaiki eka hote. tyanche shevatche deshi-gruh aayog packington holl, warwickshire yethe hote. 1761 madhye, tyane holakam hallchya tyachya yojana prakashit kelya, swatahla vastuvisharad mhatale, jyamule horace wallpols samikshakanni tyala kentchya rachanancha snrakshak mhanoon ninda kelee. bratingham 1769 madhye seent bretchya baher tyachya gharee maran pavala. augusteinche praveshdwar, norwich, aanee parrish charchchya gallit daphan karnyat aale. tyachya pradirgh karkirdit, bratinghamne paladian chalval lokpriy karnyasathi barech kahee kele. tyachya grahakanmadhye eka shahee duke aanee kiman ekvis vividh samvayask aanee samvayaskeencha samavesh hota. teey aaj eka gharguti naav nahee kaaran tyanchya prantiy karyavar kent aanee burlingtoncha motha prabhav hota aanee tyanchya samkalin giacomo leone vipareet tyanni grameen gharanvaril tyanchya kamasathi eka majboot vaiyaktik chhap vikasit kelee nahee kinwa vikasit karanyachi sandhee dilee gelee nahee. akheris, too aanee tyachya samkalin vastuvishardanpaiki anekanna robbert adamchya rachnemule dhakka basala. edamne 1780 madhye bratinghamchya york hausache nutanikaran kele aanee kedleston holl vyatirikt, james penchi nassel priory, alanvik casal aanee sayan haus yethe vastuvisharad mhanoon jaaga ghetali. asey asoonahi, edam aanee paine changle mitra rahile; bratinghamche tyachya sahkari vastuvishardanshi asalele sambandh nondavale gelele naheet.
vastukaletil bratinghamche pramukh yogdan mhanje kadachit bhavya tauun hausachi rachana, jeey tyachya bahereel bhagasathi ullekhaneey nahee parantu vismrutit gelelya bhavyatechya pramanat manoranjan karnyasathi yogya asalelya reception roomsasathi eka prachalit yojana aahe. yapaiki anek kalbahya rajwade aata byanch kalapasoon padnyat aale aahet kinwa itar vaparasathi rupantarit karnyat aale aahet aanee sarvajanik darshanasathi teey durgam aahet. tyamule, londonmadhye tyanchya kamache kaay thodese shillak aahe heey samanya janatela maheet nahee. bratinghamchya kamabaddal, tyane punarnirmit kelelya keval imaratich tikoon rahilya aahet aanee yaa karanastav bratinghamla aata grameen gharanche vastuvisharad mhanoon navhe tarr 'sudharak' mhanoon manale jaate.
bratinghamne kadhihi sthapatyakalecha aupcharik abhyas keela kinwa paradeshat pravas keela yacha konatahi purava nahee. tyane europe khandachya done feiiah kelya asalyachya batamya, tyacha mulga, mathyu bratingham daad younger yachyashi jhalelya gondhalacha parinam aahet. tyane swatachya aayushyat yash midavale yaat shanka nahee-robbert adamne ganana kelee qee jevha bratinghamne tyacha mulga mathyu yala bhavya dauyavar (1747) pathavale, tevha too tyachya khishat sumare 15,000 paund (£) itaki rakkam gheuun gela, jee tyaa velee eka prachand rakkam hotee. tathapi, yaa rakmecha kahee bhag bahudha jawaljawal purn jhalelya holakam sabhagruhasathi italitil moorti (mathyu bratingham daad yangarne puravilyapramane dastaivajikaran kelele) midvinyasathi vaparla gela asava. mathyu bratingham daad yarrene lihile qee tyachya vadilanni "holcum bandhane heey tyachya aayushyatil mahan karya manale". ajunahi ubhe asalelya tyaa mahan smarakachya gharachi rachana tyala kharokharach manyata miloo shakat nasali taree, hii tee imarat aahe jyasathi bratinghamla sarvat jaast aathvan yete.