
hegg-saymanche utpann

hegg-saymanche utpann kinwa shanz-hegg-saymanche utpann heey sarvajanik vitt arthshastradnya aarthik kalyanache vishleshan karnyasathi vapartat, jeey utpannachi vyakhya upbhog aanee nivval sampattitil badal ashee karatat. heey ganiteey sutradvare darshavile jaateh
jethe "c" = upbhog aanee δ "nw" = nivval sampattitil badal.
upbhog mhanje konatyahi prakarchya vastoo aanee sevanvar kharch kelela paisa hoy. paripoorn siddhantadrushtya, upbhogamadhye bhandavali kharchacha samavesh nasato aanee sampoorn kharchachi paratfed kelee jaeel.
itihas.
upbhog aanee nivval sampattitil badalachya berijaitke aaykar aadhar mojanyache samarthan pratham german kayadeshir vidwan george wonn shanz yanni kele. tyanchi sankalpana pudhe american arthshastradnya robbert emm. yanni vikasit kelee. hegg aanee heinry see. 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashkatil symens.
hegg yanni vaiyaktik utpannachi vyakhya 'done tappyandarmyanchya aekhadyachya aarthik samarthyat nivval vadhiche paise moolya' ashee kelee aahe, eka sootra jyacha kardatyachya vaparacha samavesh karnyacha hetu hota.
teey tyachya swatachya rachnesah adlabadal karnyayogya asalyache symensney manale hoteh
yaa sankalpanet, dengya aanee aakasmik labhansah sansadhanancha serve ogh aanee ogh heey vyapak arthane karpatra utpann manale jaate.
shanz-hegg-symens aaykar viruddha. rokh pravah upbhog curr.
rokh-pravah upbhog karacha uddesh rokh-pravah karacha boja ekhadya vyaktichya varshik vaparapurata maryadit thevane aanee gair-upbhog kharch aanee chaloo bachat curr aadharavarun kadhoon takane haah aahe. varshatil ekoon prapti aanee bachat kadhani ektrit karoon aanee nantar varshacha vyavasay aanee guntavanuk kharch aanee varshatil bachtitil bharr ghaloon aadhar mojala jaato. parinami milananya rakmevar pragatishil darr lagoo kele jaatat.
yaulat, saiddhantikdrushtya yogya asalelya shanz-hegg-symens (ess. etch. ess.) aaykarasathi pratyek vyakticha varshik vapar aanee bachtimadhye sadhyachi bharr haah aadhar aahe. asha prakare, karpatra asalelya sadhyachya pavtya jaree jatan kelya gelya asot, taree tyaa curr aadharatach rahatat aanee purvichya bachatitoon kadhalelya rakmevar sadhya curr aakarla jaat nahee kaaran tyanche moolyankan mageel varshat karnyat aale hote. vegalya prakare namood kele tarr, ess. ess. curr aadharamadhye done ghatak aahet-chaloo vapar aanee chaloo bachat (aadhichya guntavanukinna milananya sadhyachya vadhisah)-tarr rokh-pravah upbhog karacha keval ekach ghatak aahe-vartaman vapar.
tathapi, tyanchyat farak asoonahi, rokh-pravah upbhog curr aanee ess. ess. ess. curr yaa donhinsathi aavashyak aahe qee vyavasay kinwa guntavanuk kharch mhanoon bharalele dollars moodatoon kadhoon takale javet. rokh-pravah upbhog karaantargat heey aavashyak aahe kaaran vyavasay aanee guntavanuk kharch haah upbhog nahee aanee ess. ess. ess. karaantargat too aavashyak aahe kaaran heey kharch naan upbhog aahet aanee naan bachtimadhye bharr padat aahet. vyavasay aanee guntavanuk kharchala konatyahi karachya aadharavar sthan naslyamule, antardnyan asey suchavate qee vyavasay aanee guntavanukivaril vyaj kharch rokh-pravah upbhog curr aanee ess. ess. karantargat samanpane hatalale jaatil. pann teey tase naheet. ess. ess. curr aanee rokh-pravah upbhog curr heey vyavasay aanee guntavanukichya vyaj kharchachya vyavharasathi vegvegale sanrachanatmak drushtikon ghetat, jaree donhi pranalinmadhye sadhyachya vyavasay aanee guntavanukicha kharch curr aadharavarun kadhoon takanyache samanya uddisht samayik aahe.
hegg-saymanchya utpannavar curr.
sampattitil badalanvar curr.
hegg-symens samikaran amerikechya vaiyaktik aaykar aadhar gananepeksha vegale aahe. udaharanarth, karmchari aarogya vimyatil niyoktyache konatehi yogdan karpatra karmchari utpannat samavisht kelele nahee. utpannachya hegg-saymanchya vyakhyenusar, asha yogdanacha utpannat samavesh keela jaeel. tathapi, jarr tyanchya vagalanyane "bharnyachi kshamata mojanyat yogya samayojan" disun aale tarr asha yogdanacha samavesh hegg-saymanchya aaykar aadharamadhye keela jaau shakat nahee."
upbhogavar curr.
european union aanee americetil bahutek rajye hegg-saymanchya utpannavar upbhog karasah curr lavtat. europeey sanghamadhye, vinimayachya pratyek staravaril vastoo aanee sevanchya kharedila, too antim grahakanparyant pohocheparyant, mulyavardhit curr lagoo hoto. americet, bahutansh rajye vikrikarasah vastoonchya kharedivar curr lavtat.
vyakhyevar teeka.
kahijan assa yuktivad karatat qee vyakhya swarshastriy aaheh
itaranche nirikshan aahe qee heey "keval eka surrogate upayuktata upay aahe."
bachat aanee upbhog yanchyatil tatasthatesathi kahijan yala dosh detat.
kahee vidwan yaa tikanna virodh karatat, teey hegg-saymanla upyuktatevar avalambun asalyache gruheet dharatat; saymanne upayuktata haah vetan-kshamatechya manakacha aadhar mhanoon nakarla. kharokharach, manav "titkech karyaksham anand yantre" aahet hii kalpana aanee curr aakarani hii aantarvaiyaktik upayuktata vicharat gheu shakate hii kalpana, hii donhi kalpana symensney nakarli. symensney utpannachi mojata yenyajogi vyakhya shodhali, parantu trasdayak dvidhabhav punha nirman kelyabaddal tyachya upayavar teeka houu shakate; udaharanarth, hegg-symenschee vyakhya bajar aanee bigger-bajar mulyanmadhil farkanvar avalambun asate.