united kingadammadhil sansadiy sarvbhaumatva

sansadiy sarvbhaumatva hii united kingdamchya sanvidhanachya karyapranalisathi madhyavarti asaleli eka pracheen sankalpana aahe parantu jee purnapane paribhashit keleli nahee aanee tyavar dirghkal charcha jhaali aahe. sansadekhalil rajeshahiche adhinatva aanee sansadiy sarkarchya vadhatya lokshahi paddhati, yamule sansadela kayade karanyachi sarvoch kshamata aahe qee nahee aanee tee asayala havee qee nahee, asey prashna upasthit kele jaat aahet.
sansadiy sarvbhaumatva heey united kingdamchya sansadela kitee pramanat paripoorn aanee amaryadit adhikar aahet yache varnan aahe. sansadekade kitee adhikar aahet aanee too parit karoo shakat nahee assa konatahi kayada aahe qaa, yaa sandarbhat tyachi rachana kelee jaate. itar deshanmadhye, lekhee sanvidhan anekada sansadela eka vishisht paddhatine kaam karnyas bandhil asate, parantu united kingadammadhe konatihi sanhitabaddha sanvidhan nahee. united kingadammadhe, rajya sansthansathi sansad kendrasthani aahe. hii sankalpana keval brittonchya sansadesathi aahe aanee tyamule tee scottish sansad, senade aanee uttar ireland vidhansabheparyant vistarat nahee.
aaa neey mandalele paramparik drushya. vhee. sansadekade tyachya tyachya bandhane ghalanara konatahi kayada vagalata konatahi kayada karnyacha adhikar hota. tathapi, aupcharikpane sangayache tarr, sadhyache rajya mhanje yooke heey ingland aanee scotland yanchyatil aantarrashtriy sangharajyachya kararatoon 1706/7 madhye utaralele aahe, jyamule "gret brittonche rajya" tayar jhaale. heey spasht aahe qee tyaa kararachya atinmadhye asey mhatale hote qee tyachya kahee taratudinmadhye badal keela jaau shakat nahee, udaharanarth scottish kayadeshir vyavastheche swatantra astitva aanee aupcharikpane, heey nirbandh yooke sansadechya sarvbhaumatvavar kayamchi maryada aahet. surr william vade aanee traver elon yanchyasah ghatanatmak siddhantkartyanni european samuday kayada 1972 aanee european unionchya sadasyatvashi sambandhit itar tartudinchya prakashat aanee manavadhikar kayada 1998 chee sthitee aanee heey kinwa itar kayade tayar karnyachya konatyahi prayatnanchya prakashat yacha punarvichar keela aahe. united kingdamne tevhapasoon european unionche sadasyatva bund kele asale taree aanee aata teey tyachya kararanchya adheen nasale taree, yaa muddyanvar adyap vaad suru aahet.
sansadiy sarvbhaumatva' aanee 'sansadiy varchasva' yaa sandnya anekada paraspar badaloo shakatat. sarvbhaumatva' haah shabd rashtriy sarvbhaumatvachya prashnashi samya darshavito. lekhak johnn austin aanee itaranni sansadiy aanee rashtriy sarvbhaumatva ekatra karnyacha vichar keela asala taree haah drushtikon sarvatrikpane manya nahee. konatihi sandnya vaparali gelee, tee sansadechya vidhimandalachya bhoomiketil adhikaranchya astitvashi kinwa astitva nasalelya maryadeshi sambandhit aahe. sansadechya sabhagruhanmadhye haus auph commonsche varchasva jaree changlya prakare pramanit asale taree, 'sansadiy sarvbhaumatva' mhanje tyanchya sanyukt shakticha sandarbh aahe. jawaljawal serve kayade haus auph lordschya pathimbyane manjur kele jaatat.
itihas.
itihas ghoshananchya kayadyane rajala sansadecha sandarbh naan gheta kinwa manjuri naan deta kayade karnyache vyapak adhikar dile. tyach velee, tyane samanya kayada, vidyaman vaidhanik tartudi manya kelya aanee shahee ghoshananche ullanghan mrutyudandatun vagalale. 1547 madhye too radd karnyat aala, parantu ranee merrie aanee ranee elizabeth doghehi shahee ghoshananvar avalambun hote. 1610 madhye mukhya nyayadhish edward kook yanni kelelya "ghoshananche prakaran" yaa punaravalokanat asey siddha jhaale qee sansadela kayade karnyacha ekmev adhikar aahe, parantu mukut tyachi amalbajavani karoo shakato. sansadiy sarvbhaumatvachi sankalpana hii ingraji yadavi yuddhachya kendrasthani hotih rajgharanyatil lokanni assa yuktivad keela qee satta rajachya tabyat hotee aanee tee sansadela sopavali gelee, jyaa drushtikonas khasdaranni aavhan dile hote. curr aakaranicha muddah haah vidyarthi kalat sansad aanee raja yanchyatil eka mahattvapoorn adhikar sangharsh hota. jarr sansadela rajakadoon nidhi rokhanyachi kshamata asel, tarr too vijayi houu shakato. edward edward karkirdipasun pratyaksh curr aakarani haah sansadesathi eka muddah hota, parantu rajasathi apratyaksh curr aakarani haah vishay rahila.
1689 chya hakkanchya vidheykadvare shevati shahee adhikar kadhoon taknyat aale. hakkanchya vidheykane kayade aanee kayade radd karanyachi (durlaksh kinwa nilambit) rajmukutchi kshamata dekhil kadhoon takali. asha adhikarachi parinati james dusra yane 1687 madhye kelelya bhogprasangachya ghoshanemadhye jhaali hotee, jyane gauravshali krantila suruvat kelee hotee. jyamule shaftsburychya arlane 1689 madhye ghoshit kele, "englandchi sansad hii sarvoch aanee paripoorn shakti aahe, jee ingraji sarkarla jeevan aanee gatee dete". 1700 chya tadjodichya kayadyane nyayvyavasthevaril shahee adhikar kadhoon takale aanee nyayadhishanna hatavanyachi ekmev paddhat mhanoon donhi sabhagruhanchya matanchi vyakhya kelee.
mukhya siddhant.
teey aaa chey drushya hote. vhee. visavya shatkachya suruvatila, asey lihitana qee sansadela "konatahi kayada karnyacha kinwa too ughad karnyacha adhikar hota; aanee pudhe, konatyahi vyaktila kinwa sansthela sansadechya kayadyala adhorekhit karnyacha kinwa bajula thevanyacha adhikar asalyache englandchya kayadyane manya kelele nahee". too 'ingland' chaa sandarbh deto, parantu united kingdamchya itar rashtransathi tyacha drushtikon thoda vegala tapshilasah hota. tathapi, haah drushtikon, jevha united kingdamchi sthapana pahilyanda 1706/7 madhye jhaali aanee ingraji aanee scottish sansadene tyanche sarvbhaumatva naveen rajyat aatmasamarpan kele kinwa kadachit adhik yogyaritya ektrit kele tevha aupcharikpane sansadevar ghatalelya maryadancha muddah bajula sarato.
yaa sarvbhaumatvasathi kiman teen suchavalele srot aahet. pahile mhanje sansadechya kayadyadvare sarvbhaumatva. johnn salmondney dilela eka pratisad hii kalpana nakarane assa hotah tyancha assa vishvas hota qee "konatahi kayada sansadela haah adhikar deu shakat nahee, kaaran tyasathi dilela adhikarach gruheet dharane aanee tyavar karya karane heey asel". sansadene kayade jaheer karoon sarvbhaumatvacha varanvar aanee aavhan naan deta vapar karoon sarvbhaumatva pradan kele jaane haah eka paryay aahe. dusra sambhavya srot mhanje nyayalaye, qee sansadechya serve kayadyanchi apavadavina amalbajavani kartana tyanni sansadela sarvbhaumatva pradan kele aahe. tisra paryay mhanje sarkarchya serve bhaganmadhil aanee tyanchya aitihasik vikasatil guntaguntiche sambandh. tyanantar heey satatyapurn aanee bhavishyacha aadhar asalyache manale jaate. tathapi, jarr kalantarane sarvbhaumatva nirman jhaale asel tarr sadhyachya velee teey "gothavane" tyachya viruddha chalate asey disate.
vyaktincha gut sarvbhaumatva dharan karoo shakat nahee, keval sansadechi sanstha; sansadecha kayada kaay aahe aanee kaay nahee heey tharvane mahatvache aahe. hii eka 'paddhat aanee swaroop' aavashyakta manali jaate. lekhee sanvidhanachya anupasthitit, haah nirnay ghene haah samanya kayadyacha vishay aahe. vidheyak upasthit asalyas nyayalay tyat konatyahi prakriyatmak doshancha vichar karat nahee; yala 'nondanikrut kayada' siddhant mhanatat. udaharanarth, 'pickin wii. british railway board' chey prakaran fetalanyat aale kaaran teey sthayi aadesh prakriya purn naan karnyavar avalambun hote.
tathapi, rajpratinidhitva kayadyanchi sthitee itaki spasht nahee. tyamadhye, balpanat, rajala asamarthata kinwa anupasthitimadhye kaam karnara rajpratinidhi vidheyke manjur karoo shakato parantu jarr tee rajeshahi varshache swaroop badalanyashi sambandhit asateel kinwa protestant dharm aanee presbyterian church kayada 1707 madhye sudharana karnyashi sambandhit asateel tarr asey karoo shakat nahee, jyane scotlandmadhil tyaa churchche sanrakshn kele. jarr ekhadya rajpratinidhine asha prakarchya vidheykala sammati dilee asel, tarr tyala donhi sabhagruhanchi manyata aanee shahee sammati midali asali taree too vaidh kayada manla jaanar nahee.
sansad asey badalahi karoo shakate, jeey uttaradhikari sansadet tyanchya nivadanuk paddhati aanee tyanchya ghatak bhaganvar parinam kartil. udaharanarth, sudharana kayada 1832 neey emm. pii. ess. chya vitaranat aamulagra badal keela aanee tyanantarchya sansadene naveen niyamanche palan kele. tathapi, konatyahi uttaradhikarisathi tyachya sarvbhaumatvache rakshan karoon yaa aavashyakta badalanyasathi punha kayade karane khule aahe. tyachpramane, keval punarrachit haus auph lords, haus auph lords kayada 1999 madheel badal ulatanare vidheyak, jarr tyachi sammati aavashyak asel (sansadechya kayadyancha vapar keela gela nasel tarr), teey manjur karoo shakat hote. tathapi, sampoorn shasanvyavastha radd kelee jaau shakat hotee aanee jarr tee uttaradhikari manali gelee nasati tarr pudhil sansad bandhali jaanar navhati.
scotlandla arj.
kahee nyayshastradnyanni asey suchavale aahe qee 1707 chya union kayadyanmadhye sansadiy sarvbhaumatva aanee scotlandmadhye tyacha vapar karnyavar maryada ghatalya aahet. jaree konatyahi scottish nyayalayane adyap sansadechya kayadyachya vaidhatevar ughadpane prashna upasthit kele nasale taree kahee nyayadhishanni hii shakyata upasthit kelee aahe. asha prakare, macormic wii. laurd advocate, laurd president (laurd cooper) yanni mhatale qee, "sansadechya amaryad sarvbhaumatvache tattva heey eka vishisht ingraji tattva aahe, jyala scottish ghatanatmak kayadyat konatahi samkaksh nahee" aanee sangharajyachya kayadyala virodh karnara kayada haah ghatanatmakdrushtya vaidh manla jaanar nahee. tasech, "gibson wii laurd advocate" madhye, laurd keath yanni, satra nyayalay kinwa church auph scotland radd karane kinwa scots kayadyasathi ingraji kayadyache pratisthapan yasarkhya 1707 chya kayadyachya aavashyak taratudinmadhye lakshaniy badal kinwa nakar nakar kayadyala scottish nyayalaye kashee hatalatil yabaddal savadhgiri balgali hotee.
1998 madhye scottish sansadechya sthapanecha sansadiy varchasvavar parinam hoto. udaharanarth, jaree anuurja tyachya kshamatet nasali taree, scottish sarkarne vitarit kelelya niyojan anuprayoganvar niyantran vaparoon skotlandmadhye naveen anuurja kendre sthapan karnyachya yooke sarkarchya ichcha yashasviritya rokhalya. scottish sansad visarjit karane saiddhantikdrushtya shakya asale taree vyavharat assa badal rajkiyadrushtya katheen asel.
vikas.
sansad kayade karate.
sansadechya kayadyachi prakriya yogya prakare amalat aanali gelee nasel, tarr yaa vidheykavar sansadechya donhi sabhagruhanni swakshari karane aanee tyala shahee sammati dene aavashyak aahe, assa sweekrut niyam aahe. sansadechya kayadyanmule prabhuchya sammatishivay vidheyak manjur karanyachi pranali tayar hote. tathapi, tee pranali khajgi kinwa sthanik vidheykanparyant vistarat nahee kinwa sansadecha kalavadhi paach varshanpeksha jaast vadhavinari vidheyke nahee. tathapi, sabhapatinche pramanpatra deuun, kayada vaidh asalyache pramanit karoonahi, sansadechya kayadyannusar manjur kelelya kayadyachya vaidhatela ajunahi nyayalayanmadhye aavhan dile jaau shakate. jackson wii. mahadhivakta" yaa prakaranat, nyayadhishanni saat teey done bahumatane nirnay ghetala qee sansadeche ayushya vadhavnara kayada jarr sansad kayadyachya prakriyeantargat manjur jhaala asata tarr too nyayalayandware avaidh manla jaeel.
european union (eae. yuu.).
1 janewari 1973 teey 31 janewari 2020 paryant, united kingdam heey european unionche sadasya rajya hote aanee tyache purvavarti teen european samuday hote jeey pramukhyane european aarthik samuday (eae. eae. see.), jeey tyaa velee 'samayik bajarpeth' mhanoon vyapakpane olakhale jaat hote, european kolasa aanee polad samuday (eae. see. ess. see.) joou 2002 madhye bund jhaala aanee european anuurja samuday (eae. eae. eae. see. kinwa euratum) jyavarun brittonne 2020 madhye maghar ghetali.
european samuday kayada 1972 neey european union kayadyala (purvicha samudayik kayada) united kingadammadhe kayadyachi takad dilee aanee tyane european kararanchya dayitva dekhil yookechya deshantargat kayadyat samavisht kelya.: kalam 2 (1) asey vachateh 
2. kararanchi sarvasadharan amalbajavani
(1) kararandware kinwa tyakhali veloveli nirman kelele kinwa udbhavnare asey serve adhikar, adhikar, dayitve, dayitva aanee nirbandh aanee kararandware kinwa tyakhali veloveli pradan kelele asey serve upay aanee karyapaddhati, jeey kararannusar kayadeshir prabhav denyasathi kinwa united kingadammadhe vaparlya vaparlya kararannusar aahet, teey kayadyat manyataprapt aanee upalabdh asateel aanee tyanusar tyanchi amalbajavani, parvanagi aanee palan kele jaeel; aanee 'amalbajavani karnyayogya samudayik adhikar' hii abhivyakti aanee tatsam abhivyakti heey upakalam jyachyavar lagoo hote tyaa vyakticha sandarbh dett vachalya jaatil. 
aar vhee chey prakaran. british kayadyavar european union kayadyachya shreshthatebabat parivahan sachiv 'ex part factortem' heey nirnayak manale jaate. vyapari nauvahan kayada 1988 aanee kraun proceeding kayada 1947 chey kalam 21 (jyane kraunviruddha aadesh rokhala) nakarle jaave assa nirnay nyayalayane deela. aar. vhee. rojgar sachiv, ektarfi eae. oo. see." sobat, yaa done prakarananmadhye asey siddha hote qee european samuday kayada 1972 chya aadhi kinwa nantar lagoo honara konatahi rashtriy kayada, jarr too samudayik kayadyachya virodhat asel tarr british nyayalayandware lagoo keela jaau shakat nahee.
surr william vede yanni 'factortem' prakaran krantikari manale hote, jyanni visheshtah laurd brijchya vidhanacha hawala deela qee, "jyaa kshetranna teey lagoo hotat aanee tyavar jore detat tyaa kshetranmadhye samudayik kayadyachya niyamanchya sarvochatenusar konatyahi prakare naveen kahihi nahee... rashtriy nyayalayanna rashtriy kayadyachya niyamannusar yogya prakarananmadhye antarim dilasa denyas manai kelee jaau naye, heey tyaa sarvochatechi tarkik manyata aahe, jeey eka spasht vidhan darshavate qee sansad aaplya varasanna bandhu shakate aanee mhanunach paramparik vicharanpasun eka atishay mahattvapoorn break aahe. tathapi, traver alanane assa yuktivad keela qee, majboot kayadeshir karananmule vidyaman aadeshadvare niyamatil badal swikarla gela. kayadeshir karane astitvat asalyane, tyaeivaji, sadhyachya vyavasthene naveen paristhitit kaay suchavale heey haus auph lordsney nishchit kele hote aanee tyamule konatihi kranti jhaali navhati.
european union kayada 2011 chya kalam 18 madhye ghoshit kele gele aahe qee european union kayada thet european samuday kayada kinwa samaan bhoomika purn purn itar kayadyadvare lagoo hoto. 
18. shashvat vaidhanik aadharavar avalambun asalelya european union kayadyachi sthitee
thet lagoo honara kinwa thet prabhavi european union kayada (mhanje, european samuday kayada 1972 chya kalam 2 (1) madhye sandarbhit adhikar, adhikar, dayitva, dayitva, nirbandh, upay aanee karyapaddhati) keval tyaa kayadyamule kinwa jethe too itar konatyahi kayadyamule kayadyat manyata aanee upalabdh asane aavashyak aahe tethech united kingadammadhe manyataprapt aanee kayadyat upalabdh aahe.
sansadene 1972 chaa kayada radd karnyasathi 2018 madhye kayada keela aanee 2020 madhye united kingdamne tyaa kayadyanusar aanee tyanusar (sansadechya pudhil kayadyane sudharit kele asale taree) european unioncha sadasya asane bund kele, heey dakhavun dete qee mageel sansadene (1972 chya) european union sodanyachya sandarbhat tyachya uttaradhikarila bandhil navhate.
european union (maghar karar) kayada 2020 neey pudhe ghoshit kele qee "united kingdamchi sansad sarvbhoum aahe heey manya kele aahe"."
manavadhikar kayada.
manavadhikar kayada 1998 neey manavadhikaranvaril european kararaprati brittonchya vachanbaddhatela dujora deela. eka shvetpatrakat sarkarne asey vyakt kele qee, "sansadechi kayade bajula saranyasathi nyayalayanna vidheyakat tartud karane heey nyayvyavasthela sansadechya nirnayanvar samanya adhikar deil, jeey aamchya sadhyachya ghatanatmak vyavasthenusar tyanchyakade naheet aanee kadachit prasangi nyayvyavasthela sansadeshi gambhir sangharshat odhatil". sansad aaplya uttaradhikarila bandhu shakat nahee yaa siddhantanusar, konatyahi prakarche adhikar vidheyak prasthapit kele jaau shakat nahee aanee tyanantarchi sansad haah kayada radd karoo shakate. sarkarchya shabdat, sansadechya konatyahi kayadyat sansadechya tyanantarchya kayadyadvare sudharana kinwa radd karanyachi parvanagi dene hii [aamchi parampara aahe]."matra, aadhichya (bhavishyatil) kayadyanna manavadhikar niyam lagoo karane shakya jhaale asate. sarkarne heey dekhil pushti kelee qee yaa vidheykasathi vishesh [khandak] vyavastha tayar karanyachi tyanchi konatihi yojana nahee.
tyaeivaji, jarr assa arth lavane shakya asel tarr kayadyancha, paramparenusar, satatyane arth lavane heey nyayalayanvar asel. yaa pranaline nyayalayin dekharekheela parvanagi detana sansadechya aupcharik adhikarala pushti dilee. nyayalay prathamik kayade radd karoo shakat nahee.
"jackson wii. mahadhivakta".
jackson wii. mahadhivakta" yaa prakaranat, apilkartyanni sansad kayada 1949 chya vaidhatevar prashnachinh upasthit kele. surr sidney kentridge kyu. see. yanni pratinidhitva kelelya apilkartyanni vividh yuktivad mandale. 1949 chaa kayada vaidh aahe qee nahee yacha vichar karnyache nyayalayala adhikarkshetra aahe heey serve nauu nyayadhishanni manya kele. tyanni heey prakaran 'pickin wii. british railway board' pasoon vegale karnyacha prayatna keela, jithe nyayadhishancha nihsanshay vishvas hota qee 'yaa deshatil nyayalayanna adhiniyamit kayada avaidh ghoshit karnyacha adhikar nahee'. nyayadhishancha assa vishvas hota qee 'pickin' neey sansadechya antargat kamkajala aavhan dile hote, jeey nyayalay karoo shakat navhate, 'jackson' neey kayadyachya vyakhyevar prashnachinh upasthit kele.
"aar. vhee. chetter ".
1 december 2010 roji brittonchya sarvoch nyayalayane chetterchya nirnayat sansadiy vyavasthevar ticha pahila nirnay deela. nyayadhishanchya antargat babinche nyayadhish mhanoon ("vishesh dakhal") chembarchya ananyatechya aanee paripoorn pramukhatechya prakriyatmak visheshadhikarakade, nyayadhishanni 1812 salchya tarkhes, nyayadhish nyayalayachya vastavachi chaukashi karoo shakat naheet yaa vishvasache khandan karnyasathi aanee sadanachya bhintinmadhye ghadale aanee sadnashi sambandhit nasalelya nasalelya pakshanchya vartanamule upasthit kelelya samasyanna tond denyacha 'sansadecha avman' haah nehmich aanee konatyahi paristhitit ekmev marg aahe yaa vishvasache khandan karnyasathi.

