josia gilbert holland

joshiya gilbert holland (24 julai 1819-12 aktoobar 1881) haah eka american kadambarikar aanee kavee hota, jyane timothi titcomb yaa topananavanehi lekhan kele. tyanni 'scribner masik' (tyanantar 'shatak masik') shodhanyat aanee sampadit karnyat madat kelee, jyamadhye tyanchya 'arther bonycastal', 'daad story auph sevenox', 'nicolaus mintern' yaa teen prakashit jhalya. kavitanmadhye tyanni 'kadoo-god' (1858), 'catherina', 'havet eka gaane aahe' yaa paddhatvadi stotrache booal aanee itar anek lihile.
charitra.
24 julai 1819 roji massatucets belchertown yethe janmalela holland, udarnirvahasathi sangharsh varnan garib kutumbat motha jhaala. tyane fakt kahee varshe gharamadhye asalelya khalchya kutumbatil shetamadhye ghalavali aanee nantar tyala "teey jaminivar jaalun takayche aahe" asey vinod kele.. sahaa mulanpaiki sarvat lahan asalele tyache ivadil atyant dharmik hote, pavitra shuddhatavadi vanshatil hote. 
tyache vadil eka 'sthalantarit', 'naan karoo shakanare', eka ayashasvi shodhak hote, jeey darvarshi kutumbala halwat asatah aarogya, belchertown, dakshin hadley, granby aanee northampton yethe parat. 
kalantarane, kutumbala madat karnyasathi yoshiyala eka karkhanyat kaam karave lagale. tyanantar tyane prakruti asvasthyamule maghar ghenyapurvi northampton (massatusates) highschoolmadhye thoda vel abhyas keela. nantar tyanni berkshire vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayat vaidyakshastracha abhyas keela, jithe tyanni 1844 madhye padvi ghetali.
yashasvi doctor honyachya aashene tyanni vargamitra dow. springfield, massatucetsmadhil bellie. hii pratha prasthapit karnyacha prayatna kartana, tyanni 'nikarbokar masika' sarkhya niyatkalikansathi lihile aanee 'daad beey steet veekali kurier' heey vruttpatra prakashit karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyancha prayatna ayashasvi tharala, tasech tyanchya vaidyakeey saravanehi. 1845 madhye tyane elizabeth luna chappinshy lagn kele. 1848 madhye vaidyakeey shikshan sodalyanantar tyanni paschim massatusates sodale aanee virginiachya richmond yethe shikshakache padd sweekarle, tyanantar 1849 madhye misisipichya wixberg yethe eka shikshakpad ghetale.
1850 madhye holland paschim massatusetsla paratale aanee prasiddha sampadak samuel bouls yanchyasobat kaam karat 'springfield republican' vruttapatrache sampadak jhaale. gruhayuddhapurvichya dashakat hollandne yaa vruttapatrasathi lihilele anek nibandh sankalit karoon pustakachya swarupat prakashit kele, jyamule tyanchi sahityik pratishtha prasthapit honyas madat jhaali.
histree auph western massatusates' heey tyanche pahile pustak hote. tyanantar 1857 madhye tyanni 'beey paath' hii aitihasik kadambari aanee 1858 madhye 'titcomb' sha laters too young pipal, single andd marred 'yaa shirshakachya nibandhancha sangrah lihila. 1862 madhye jevha samuel boulseney europecha vistarit daura keela, tevha hollandne tatpurte' springfield republican 'chey mukhya sampadak mhanoon kartavye sweekarli. yadavi yuddhanantar tyanni tyanchi sampadakiy kartavye qamee kelee aanee 'life auph abraham linken' (1866) aanee 'catherina' (1867) yasah tyanchi anek lokpriy kaame lihili.
linkenchya mrutyunantar kahee divasantach hollandne abraham linkenchi eka uttam stutee lihili, jyamule divangat rashtradhyakshanchya sampoorn charitrasathi aayog tayar jhaala. februwari 1866 madhye sampalelya 'abraham linkenche dirgh ayushya' madhye tyanni lagechach ekatra aanale, jyat linkenla gulamgirichya virodhat muktidata mhanoon chitrit kele gele. jaree hollandne "pratyaksh tapas" vaparoon lihile asale, taree nantarchya itihaskaranni nondavale qee eka patrakar mhanoon, eka mudat asalelya yaa kamat "ghaichi chinhe hotee."tyanchya karyamule linkenche kayada bhagidar william herndon yanna swatache sanshodhan aanee charitra suru karnyas dekhil protsahan midale. herndonla hollandla madat karnyat anand jhaala parantu muktimadhye devachya bhoomikeche varnan varnan granthat linkenla dilelya sparshik avataranasah muddah ghetala; herndoncha assa vishvas hota qee linkencha "saumya devvadapeksha tivra assa konatahi dharm navhata."
1868 madhye hollandne europecha pravas keela aanee tithe asatana too roswell smithala bhetala. tyanni ekatra eka masik suru karanyachi kalpana vikasit kelee. 1869 madhye jevha teey americet paratale, tevha doghanni charles scribnersobat 'scribner masik' prakashit karnyasathi sahkarya kele. 1870 madhye hollandche sampadak mhanoon pahila ank prakashit jhaala.
newyorkmadheel hii varshe tyanchya swatachya sahityik prayatnansathihi faldayi tharali. 1870 chya dashakat tyanni teen teen prakashit kelyah arther bonycastal (1873), sevenox (1875) aanee nicolaus mintern (1877). tyanchya kavyasangrahanmadhye 'daad marble professi' (1872), 'daad malkin andd daad mansey' (1874) aanee 'daad puritance gest' (1881) yancha samavesh hota.
12 aktoobar 1881 roji newyork shaharat vayachya 62 vya varshi hollandche nidhan jhaale. massatucets springfieldmadhil springfield smashanbhumit hollandla daphan karnyat aale aahe. tyachya kabarichya dagadat 19 vya shatkatil prakhyat american shilpkar augustus seent-gaudens yanni koralele eka bases-releaf chitra samavisht aahe aanee tyat lattin shilalekh 'ett vhitam impendere verro' samavisht aahe jyacha arth 'satyala jeevan samarpit karane' assa aahe.
varsa.
jaree tyanchi sahityik utpadane aaj kvachitach vachali jaat asali taree ekonisavya shatkachya uttaradhat tee prachand lokpriy hotee aanee hollandchya lekhanache paach lakhanhun adhik khand vikale gele. sampadak mhanoon dilelya yogdanabaddalhi aaj tyanche smaran kele jaate. holland aanee tyachi patni kavee emily dickinsonche varanvar vartahar aanee kautumbik mitra hote.

