
kula lock (ashiya)

kula (;;;;; gula aanee koola asehi mhatale jaate) heey taee lock aahet jeey 19 vya shatkachya shevatchya kahee dashakanmadhye yunnan, chean aanee myanmarmadhil moone aanee shaan rajyanmadhun isaan, thayalandmadhye sthalantarit jhaale. ekekali french sanrakshit kambodiyachya kalat kula pramukhyane pylin prantat nirvasit mhanoon rahat hote, jithe anekjan ratnanche vyapari mhanoon kaam karat hote. kulachya sthalantaramule yaa pradeshat aarthik vikas aanee vyaparikaran jhaale. kula haah ajunahi alpasankhyak vanshik gut aahe, joou aadhunik kambodiyatil sarvat shrimant vanshik gatanpaiki eka aahe.
shabdavali.
bermi bhashet, samanyatah bharatiyancha sandarbh denyasathi vaparale jaanare 'kula' (, bahutekda lipyantaran kelele 'kaala'), aitihasikdrushtya bharatiy aanee european yaa doghanche varnan karnyasathi vaparale jaat hote. "kula" haah thaee shabd dekhil aahe jyacha arth "taayachya aakaracha patang" assa aahe.
kula lokanche dusare naav asalelya "tongsu" chaa (bermi bhashet "tongthu") itihas adnyat aahe. 1870 aanee 80 chya dashkatil thaee dastaivajanmadhye heey done shabd eka-dusyashi adlabadal karoon vaparale jaat asale taree teey ekach vanshik gatacha sandarbh detat qee nahee heey spasht nahee. udaharanarth, willson lihitat qee 19 vya shatkat (aaa) sarvasadharanpane carren jamati, (buub) hatti aanee ghodyanchya vyavharasathi olakhalya jaananya shananshi jawalun sambandhit asaleli thaee vyapari jamaat aanee (qa) carren lokanmadhil eka vanshik gut, paocha sandarbh dett bermi shabd "taungthu" dongral manus "chaa shaan uchchar, yasathi 'toongsu" (kinwa' tongsu ") haah shabd vaparla gela hota.
chanthaburi aanee kambodiya dweepkalpatil khaan kamgarambaddal ahwal detana smith mhanaleh "siyami lock anekada ratna khaan shann tongsu shailit vapartat, parantu tyanchyamadhye phaar qamee vastavik tongsu aahet. europeey lock tyanna sahasa bermi mhanatat, parantu teey bermi shanmadhun aale aahet yaa vastusthitichya palikade, hii sandnya atyant qamee takkevaripeksha jaast lagoo hott nahee aanee tyachya chehnyala naav lavane heey sarasari shandware khushamat manale jaanar nahee."
kula mhanje kambodiyachya chantaburi aanee pellin pradeshatil khaan kamgar, jeey bermi vanshache asalyache manale jaate. 19vya shatkachya akheris, heey aadhalun aale qee moone dekhil yaa bhagat sthalantarit jhaala hota, jyamule vyakhya aanakhi gondhalaleli hotee. yaa pradeshatil jungle moolatah davaipasoon mavlamainparyant pasarlele asalyane cambodian kahivela swatahla 'jangalatil lock' mhanoon sambodhatat.
kula shailicha poshakh paramparik chhatryasah pylin paridhan kelelya lokansarkhach aahe. kulala purvi 'bermi cambodian' kinwa 'khamer shaan' asey sambodhale jayache, parantu aata tyanna yapaiki ekahi mhatale jaat nahee.
bhasha.
kula lock shaan bhasha, pao bhasha aanee moone bhasha yaa pahilya bhasha mhanoon bolatat. anek jann bermi, khmer, laao kinwa thaee yaa dusya bhasha dekhil bolatat.
itihas.
thayalandacha pravas.
kula vyapari isanmadhye aanee mekongchya kinanyavar vyapar karat asat. raja raam chautha yachya karkirdichya suruvatilach isanmadhye tyanchi upasthiti nondavali gelee aahe. yaa pradeshatil kulachi pahili lekhee nond, eka kula vyapadhyamadhye, raay ett, suvannafum aanee khone kenchya rajyapalankadun 577 guranchi kharedi karnyababat jhalelya vadatoon yete, jyanni guranche hastantaran karnyas nakar deela. tyaa velee kulala brittonne sanrakshn dile hote, mhanoon bankockne madhyasth mhanoon kaam kele aanee 2764 baht parat kele.
kula vyapari kafilyanmadhye pravas karat asat, jyapaiki kahinmadhye 100 kinwa tyahoon adhik lock bailgadya aanee ghode aanee hattinvar swar asat. hatti, hastidant, shinge, daat aanee shinge, resheem, panyatil mhashi, banduka aanee itar vividh prakarchya vastoo asha anek prakarchya vastoo vyapari kharedi aanee vikri karat asat. lahan kafilyanmadhye fakt 5 teey 50 sadasya asateel aanee teey mothya pramanat chakoo aanee talvarine sashastr asateel, parantu sanrakshanasathi pavitra jaaduchi mohini dekhil asateel. kull bhatkya houn aanee mandiranmadhye kinwa jangalat, gavatal pradeshat aanee jangalat rahoon swatahla vegale karat asey. bhatkya kulachya smaranarth thung kula ronghai kinwa 'radnanya kulache maidan' asey naav denyat aale aahe. heey eka vishal, shushk maidan aahe, jyat daldaliche kshetra dekhil aahe. 19vya shatkachya suruvatila viral loksankhya asalelya anek kafile harvoon jaatil, tyanna baher padanyacha marg kadhich sapadat nahee. maidani bhagatil samudayanni mothe lakadi khamb ubharale aanee marg chinhak mhanoon zaade lavali. maidani pradeshatoon paach mukhya marg hoteh dong paya faee, nakhon ratchasima teey paak friao, saraburi; dong paya klang, nakhon ratchasima teey sanam chang, lopburi; nakhon ratchasima madheel thanko khindipasoon kabin burii jeelhyat, prachinburi teey saraburimadhil panatanikom teey phanom sarkham jilha, chachoengsao; mottama, mavlamine, myanmar teey fetchabun teey takmadhil raheng upajilha; aanee surinmadhil jorn khindipasoon sisophone, kambodiya.
pravasi vyapari mhanoon, kulane isanmadhil samudayanna aavashyak vastoo, kaushalye aanee mahitee puravanyat pramukh bhoomika bajavali. tyanni grameen samudayanmadhye lokhandi kaam aanee suvarnakarkam yasarkhya kaushalyancha prasar karnyas aanee shaharatoon shaharat mahiticha prasar karnyas madat kelee. pradeshik arthvyavastha jasjashi pudhe sarakoo lagali aanee samruddha houu lagali, tastashi kulala chiinii aanee bharatiy vyapanyankadun tasech vaiyaktik thaikadoon spardhela samore jaave lagale. bancock aanee nakhon ratchasimala jodanare mokale raste aanee railway bandhanyat aale, jyamule durgam pradeshanna vastoo adhik sahaj upalabdh jhalya, tyamule kula vyaparat ghat jhaali. jevha dhanurvidhya karar sampala, tevha tyane thayalandmadhil kula vyapari-kafilachya mrutyuvar shikkamortab kele. kulache lahan kafile 20vya shatkaparyant thayalandala jaat rahile aanee uttar thayalandmadhye rahana anek kulache vanshaj ajunahi sampoorn isanmadhye vyapar karanyachi tyanchi bhatkya parampareche palan karatat, jaree teey aata matichi bhandi aanee krutrim phule vikatat.
lagnanantar kula kadhikadhi eka samajat sthayik hott asey, tarr itar vyapari yug sampalyanantar kambodiyala paratat asat. sthanik thaee aanee laao samudayanshi ektrikaran karoon anek kull parampara aanee pratha pidhyanpidhya nahisha jhalya aahet.
kambodiyacha pravas.
 19vya shatkat, anek kulanni kambodiyatil pylin yethe sthalantar kele. tyanusar aar. blandet yaa chanthaburi yetheel shanachya eka gatala eka maulyavan dagad sapadala joou tyanni khanala. tyanni kulala sangitale, joou vyapari mhanoon yaa upkramatoon paise kamavato. yaa ratnachya afavanni chiinii, laao aanee vhietnami lokanna yaa bhagat aakarshit kele. bancockmadheel shrimant kull aanee shann rajgharanyane dekhil aarthik karananmule kambodiyamadhye sthalantar kele.
pylin.
mothya kulachi loksankhya eka chhotya bhagat kendrit asalyamule rahivashanni swatache rajya sthapan karnyacha prayatna keela. 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila barmamadhun sthalantaritanchi aanakhi eka laat aalee. thaee-kambodiya simechya kambodiyan bajula, fuffusanchya musune 1890 madhye, pylinmadhye nilmaniche kshetra shodhale. fuffus yangon, berma yethe paratale jethe tyanni sthanik shaan samudayala nilmani dakhavali. sthanik vyapanyanni aadhi jaminiche sarvekshan karnyasathi aanee nantar yaa bhagat sthayik honyasathi laikha, mokmai aanee menganai yetheel shaan kutumbanchi bharati karnyasathi moheem aayojit kelee. tyanni khaninvar niyantran thevanyasathi bauddha mandir aanee mathanchi vyavastha bandhali. yaa bhagat aanakhi shanchi gardi hott rahili aanee tyanni waut nome yaat bandhale.
pylinmadhye rahnare kula khaninmadhye aanee garam karnyachya naveen vyavasayat kaam karayache. french indochin kalat, eka french ratnachya vyapanyane pellin dagadanvar prayog kele, jyat ushnata tikavoon thevanyat tyanchi parinamkarakta disun aalee. sthanik frenchanni kulashi changle sambandh rakhale aanee itake kula abhyasasathi francela gele aanee nantar kambodiyala paratale.
tyaa kalat, pylinchi arthvyavastha vadhali aanee kula lokanchi upajeevika tyachyasobat vadhali. 1960 chya dashakat, pylin heey eka paryatan sthal banale, jyane kula lokanna aadhunik yugat zokoon dile, jyamule tyanchi sanskruti badalanyas bhag padale. udaharanarth, kula paramparikpane tyanche cases lamb aanee veniband thevat asey aanee purush sarong ghalatat parantu bahereel jagache dnyan vadhalyane, anek kula tyanche cases kapoon payghol ghaloo lagatat.
khmer rugg.
khmer ragchya niyamamule kula lokanna khoop tras jhaala. 30 varshe pylin khamer ragcha balekilla banala, tarr kula lokanna laochya simevar sainik bananyas bhag padale gele. kahinni thayalandala palayan kele tarr itaranna khaninmadhye kasht karave lagale. haah kaal 'kull sanskraticha naash' mhanoon olakhala jaato.
sanskruti.
anek kull paramparanchi mule berma aanee shaan sanskratit aahet.
kapade aanee sanskrutik poshakh.
bahutansh pravasi vyapari purush hote aanee sthanikanpeksha vegale kapade paridhan karat asat. tyanchya bahutek poshakhache varnan berma, moone, daee kinwa shaan yanchya poshakhasarkhe kele gele hote tarr kahinni karingsarkhe kapade ghatale hote. kula pant bahutekda kapasapasoon banavali jaatat aanee gadad ranganni rangavali jaatat. pant rund payanche aanee ghotyachi kinwa gudghyachi lambichi hotee, agadi chiinii shortspramanech aanee drostringne bandhali jaat hotee. purushahi sarong, chakchakit aanee gadad rangat paridhan karayache.
"suu take bung" shirt heey collar kelele shirt asatat, jeey samoril batnanvar asalelya kapadachya ekach tukadyapasun tayar kele jaatat. bahutek shirt kalya, gadad nilya aanee pandhya rangache hote. longi kinwa sarong, bahutekda dandgolakar aakarat perale jaate, jeey kambar teey payaparyant paridhan kele jaate. too gathine surakshit keela jaato. too kapus kinwa kadhikadhi reshimpasoon banavala jaato. purush jawaljawal nehmich pandhara ingi shirt, manderine collars, kadhikadhi tikepon jackets ghalatat. tikepon sahasa pandhara, rakhadi, kaala kinwa terrakota asato. purush dekhil gang bong pagadi aanee makhmali chappal ghalatat. kula kesharachanemadhye pagadikhali dokyachya varr bandhalele lamb cases samavisht asatat.
mahila ghatt rung, fulanche thase kinwa namunyanmadhye vasarachya lambichi longi ghalatat. teey bahutekda laal-aadharit pattyansah kinwa moone shailinpramanech lahan pattyansah asatat. shahee striya patal-daee navacha lamb poshakh paridhan karat asat, joou anek dhagyanni sajavala jaat asey. blouse khoop chandine sushobhit hote aanee rangiberangi hote. mahila tyanchya khandyavar shaal bandhatat aanee kesanna phule asalelya pattya ghalatat. purushanpramanech striya bambupasoon banavalelya chhatrya balgatat aanee makhmali kinwa chamdyapasun banavalelya dnyan-fanat navachya chappal ghalatat. mahilanni tyanche qaan vindhale aanee chandipasoon banavalelya kazarn kinwa kanatale paridhan kele. kajurn jodyanmadhye paridhan kele jaat asat, tarr niyamit kanatale fakt davya kanavar ghatale jaat asat. utsavadarmyan yaa serve kapadyanchi chamakdar rangachya kapadyanmadhye devanghevan karnyat aalee. heey kapade barmamadhye shaan jeey paridhan karato tyachyashi khoop samya aahe.
pakakala.
pylinmadhye kahee vegvegalya prakarche khadyapadarth asatat. kula pakakala hii bermi pakakrutinpeksha vegali aahe. bermi shailitil sarvat lokpriy padarth mhanje mea koola (, jyala mea koola asehi mhanatat), joou bhaat stick noodlespasoon banavalela shakahari noodles aahe, too vafavoon soya saus aanee lasanisah shijavala jaato, kadhikadhi maans aanee lobstermadhye misalala jaato. itar khadyapadarthanmadhye thaee pakakrutinmadhil 'tomm yama' aanee mayanmarmadhil moone kelichi kheer yancha samavesh hoto. heey serve thayaland aanee kambodiyachya itar bhaganmadhye pasarale aahet, parantu samanyatah pylin aavruttipeksha god asalelya aavrutyanmadhye, visheshtah nome penmadhye.
shivay, kula vyapari sadhya bhaat khaat asat aanee tyanchya pravasat nehmi svayampakgharatil bhandi aanee pitalapasoon banavaleli bhandi sobat gheuun jayache. teey bahutek vela swatache jevan tayar aanee tayar karayache aanee ekmekanmadhye khaat asat kaaran tyanchyakade yogya annababat kathor niyam hote. kula gayee, bail kinwa panyatil mhashi yanche maans khaat nahee. yaa maans utpadananpasun tyancha sanyam haah prani shram puravato aanee tyanchya vyaparacha mukhya bhag dekhil hota yaa vastusthitivar aadharit hota. teey fakt tyaa pranyanpasun ann tayar karayache jeey ajunahi taje hote aanee dnyat karananmule maran pavale.
teey tyanchya mansasathi marnyaivaji mrut aadhalalele bedook kinwa masehi khaat nasat. kula aaharat bhajya samanya hotya aanee anek prakarat vaparlya jaat asat. kula heey tyanchya pravasadarmyan upalabdh asalelya naisargik sansadhananvar avalambun asalyamule vanaspati shikanyat tadnya hote. chaha anekada panyaivaji vaparla jaat asey aanee tyanchya gharanmadhye aanee tyanchya pravasadarmyan too niyamitpane mukhya padarth hota. kula vyapari tyanchya pravasat tyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi jaaducha sarav karat asalyane daruche sevan karnyas manai hotee aanee darumule heey talhata yete asey manale jaat hote.
vastukala.
payalinmadhil ghare lakadi patalanpasoon rundparyant bandhali jaatat aanee tyat rund darvajacha samavesh asato. gharanchya madhyabhagi gautam buddhanchi mandire aahet. kula lock anekada tyanchya gharasamor gulabanchi lagwad karatat.