
cylindrospermopsin

cylindrospermopsin (sayan kinwa cylinder mhanoon sankshipt) heey vividh prakarchya godya panyatil cyanobacteriadware tayar kelele cyanotoxin aahe. siin heey eka polycyclic uracil vyutpann aahe jyamadhye gwanidino aanee sulfate gut asatat. heey zviterionic dekhil aahe, jyamule teey panyat atyant vidravya banate. siin heey yakrut aanee mutrapindachya uutinsathi vishari aahe aanee prathinanche sanshleshan rokhate aanee dii. aine. aii. aanee/kinwa aar. aine. aii. madhye sahasanyojakpane badal karate asey manale jaate. cylindrospermopsin heey carcinogen aahe qee nahee heey mahit nahee, parantu undaranmadhye tumourchi konatihi prarambhik kriya nasalyache disate.
austreliyachya queensland yetheel paam betavar eka rahasyamay rogachya udrekanantar sinacha pratham shodh lagla. sthanik pinyachya panyachya purvathyat 'cylindrospermopsis resiborsky' chya fulanmadhye udrek aadhalun aala aanee tyanantar vishakt padarth olakhala gela. vishachya vishleshanamule 1992 madhye prastavit rasayanik rachana tayar jhaali, jee 2000 madhye sanshleshan sadhya jhalyanantar sudharit karnyat aalee. vishari aanee vishari nasalele donhi prakarche sinche anek pratirup vegale kinwa sanshleshit kele gele aahet.
"see. resiborsky "pramukhyane ushnakatibandhiy bhagat aadhalali aahe, parantu alikadech austreliya, uttar, dakshin america, newzealand aanee europechya samshitoshna pradeshanmadhyehi aadhalali aahe. tathapi, seecha siin-utpadak taana. europemadhye resiborskichi olakh pataleli nahee, sampoorn khandat aadhalanaya itar anek cyanobacteria prajati tyache sanshleshan karnyas saksham aahet.
shodh.
1979 madhye, austreliyachya queensland yetheel paam aayalandmadhil 138 rahivashanna jatharantrashothachi vividh lakshane aadhalalyane rugnalayat dakhal karnyat aale. heey serve mule hotee; yavyatirikt, 10 praudh prabhavit jhaale hote parantu rugnalayat dakhal jhaale navhate. otipotat dukhane aanee ultyansah suruvatichi lakshane hipatayatisasarkhich hotee; nantarchya lakshananmadhye mootrapind nikami hone aanee raktaranjit atisar yancha samavesh hota. mootra vishleshanat rakt aanee eurobilinogen qamee sankhyene asanyabarobarach anek rugnanmadhye prathine, keatones aanee sakharechi uchch patali disun aalee. mootra vishleshan, mull sukshmadarshani aanee vish tapasanisah, lakshanancha sankhyikeey duva pradan karoo shakale nahee. serve rugna 4 teey 26 divasanchya aat barey jhaale aanee tyaveli udrekache konatehi spasht kaaran navhate. yaa karanavaril suruvatichya vicharanmadhye panyachi kharab gunavatta aanee aahar yancha samavesh hota, matra tyateel ekahi nirnayak navhata aanee yaa aajarala 'paam eyeland mystery disease' asey naav denyat aale.
tyaveli, heey lakshat aale qee haah udrek sthanik pinyachya panyachya purvathyatil tivra shaiwal fulanyashi julala aanee tyanantar lagechach dharanakade laksh kendrit kele gele. yaa "rahasyamay rogachya" sathichya rogshastriy abhyasane nantar pushti kelee qee soloman dharan sambandhit hote, kaaran jeey aajari padale tyanni dharanatil paanee vaparale hote. heey spasht jhaale qee copper sulfates shaiwal fulanyachya alikadil upcharamule shaiwal peshinche lysis jhaale, jyamule panyat vish sodale gele. 
dharanachya abhyasatoon asey disun aale qee shaivalanchi niyatkalik phule pramukhyane cyanobacteria teen prabhedanmule udbhavtatah done vansh "enabena" aanee "cylindrospermopsis resiborsky", jeey purvi austreliyan panyat adnyat hote. yaa tighanchya undaranchya jaiv-parikshanane heey dakhavun dile qee jaree done "anabena" prabhed vishari nasale taree, see. resiborsky 'atyant vishari hotee. nantar jababdar sanyug vegale kelyane vishari nalakar spermopsinchi olakh patali.
nantarchya ahavalat paryayipane asey suchavale gele qee panyatil atirikt tambe heey rogache kaaran hote. shetat patra nasalelya shaivalavar niyantran thevanyasathi kamitakami kharchachya kantratdarancha vapar karane heey atipramanat vaparnyache kaaran hote.
rasayanshastra.
rachana nirdharan.
paam aayalandchya mool prakaratoon sanvardhit kelelya cyanobacteria vapar karoon vishari padarthache pruthakkaran jaleey ark jail galanadvare, tyanantar ulat-tappyatil etch. pii. ell. see. dware sadhya kele gele. maas spectrometry (ms) aanee nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) prayogandware sanrachana spasht kelee gelee aanee eka rachana (nantar kinchit chukichi siddha jhaali) prastavit kelee gelee (aakruti 1).
yaa jawaljawal yogya renumadhye euracil ring (dii) saha tricyclic gwanidine gut (rings aaa, bii aanee see) asato. renuche zviterionic swaroop yaa atyant panyat virghalanare banavate, kaaran renuchya aat charge kelelya bhaganchi upasthiti dhruviy dravkala anukool dvidhruviy prabhav nirman karate. aine. emm. aar. spectrummadhil pramukh sanketanchi piechmadhil chhotya badalanprati sanvedansheelata asey suchavate qee euracil ring keto/inol totomeric sambandhat astitvat aahe, jithe hydrogen hastantaranamule done bhinn sanrachana hotat (aakruti 2). moolatah asey prastavit kele gele hote qee inol tatomarmadhil euracil aanee gwanidine gatanmadhil hydrogen bandh heey pramukh swaroop bunwell.
anuroop.
see" chey dusare chayapachay. yuu. vhee. aanee ms prayogandarmyan sayanchya shikharasah varanvar honanya shikharanchya nirikshananantar cyanobacteria arkatoon reciborskichi olakh patali gelee. ms aanee aine. emm. aar. paddhatinchya vishleshanane assa nishkarsh kadhala qee yaa naveen sanyugat euracil ringla lagoon asalela auxigen gahal hota aanee tyala deoxycilindrospirmsippormins (aakruti 3) asey naav denyat aale.
1999 madhye, 7-epicyclindrospermine (epicin) navachya sinchya epimerla dekhil "afanizomenan ovalisporum" madheel eka kirkol chayapachay mhanoon olakhale gele. israyalmadhil kineret talavatoon ghetalelya cyanobacteriapasun sayan vegale kartana heey ghadale. yaa renuchi prastavit rachana keval euracil ringla lagoon asalelya hydroxyl samoohachya dishene (aakruti 4) sinpeksha vegali hotee.
ekoon sanshleshan.
sayansathi krutrim drushtikon piperidine ring (aaa) pasoon suru jhaala aanee ring bii aanee seechya enulationkade gela. sanache pahile ekoon sanshleshan 2000 madhye 20-charananchya prakriyedvare nondavale gele.
krutrim paddhatinmadhye jhalelya sudharananmule 2001 madhye sinchya stereochemistrymadhye sudharana jhaali. episinchya sahaa stereogenic kendranpaiki pratyekavar niyantran thevana krutrim prakriyene heey sthapit kele qee siin aanee epicin yaa donhichi mool karye pratyakshat yogya sanrachaneche ulat hote. pandhara aanee hansenchya paryayi drushtikonatun yaa paripoorn sanrachananna samarthan midale (aakruti 5). yaa yogya niyuktichya velee, asey suchavale gele hote qee annolche swaroop prabhavi navhate.
sthirata.
sinchya visharipanashi sambandhit pramukh ghatakanpaiki eka mhanje tyachi sthirata. jaree suryaprakashachya samparkat aalyavar shaiwal arkamadhye vish vegane qamee hott asalyache aadhalun aale asale taree teey ph aanee tapmanatil badalanmule honanya hasasas pratirodhak aahe aanee shuddha ghan swarupat kinwa shuddha panyat konatahi hasad darshavat nahee. parinami, asvachch aanee naan halana panyat vish jaast kaal tikoon rahoo shakate aanee ukalatya panyamule cyanobacteria naash hoil, taree teey vish kadhoon takanar nahee.
vishavidnyan.
vishari parinam.
hockins aanee itar.". paam aayalandchya mool prabhedatil ark vaparoon, undaranchya jaiv-parikshanadvare sayanche vishari parinam darshavile. tivra vishari undaranni bhook naan lagane, atisar aanee shwas ghenyas tras hone darshavile. shavavichedan parinamanmadhye fuffuse, yakrut, mootrapind, lahan aatade aanee adhivrukk granthimadhye raktastrav jhalyache disun aale. hystopathologyne mutrapindachya bhagat vegvegalya epithelial peshi necrosis yakrut aanee fuffusanchya raktavahinyanmadhye hepatocytes matra-sambandhit necrosis, lipid sanchay aanee fibrin thromby tayar hone ughad kele.
cylindrospermapsinch parinamanchya undaranchya agadi alikadil jaiv-vishleshanat, pranghatak aanee pranghatak nasalelya donhi matra gheuun yakrutache vajan vadhalyache disun aale; yavyatirikt yakrut gadad rangache disale. pranghatak matra denyat aalelya undaranmadhye hepatocytes vyapak necrosis disun aale aanee pranghatak nasaleli matra denyat aalelya undaranmadhye kahee sthanik nuksan dekhil disun aale.
visharipana.
1985 madhye sayanchya vishaktatecha prarambhik andaj assa hota qee 24 tasanchya aat intraperitoneal injectionvar undaranchya sharirache vajan 64 ± 5 migra freeze-dry culture/kilo hote. 1997 madhye aanakhi eka prayogane ell. dii. 50 heey 24 taas 52 migra/kigra aanee 7 divasat 32 migra/kigra asey mojale, tathapi, deta suchavato qee vaparlelya sonicated peshinchya vilgikaranat aanakhi eka vishari sanyug upasthit hote; ohtani aanee itaranni kelele andaj."sumare 24 tasanchi vishaktata lakshaniyaritya jaast hotee aanee asey prastavit kele gele hote qee mojalelya 24 tasanchya vishaktatechya tulanene qamee patalisathi aanakhi eka chayapachay upasthit hote.
kaaran sayanche sevan karnyacha sarvat jaast shakyata asalela manvi marg mhanje sevan, undaranvar tondawate vishaktata prayog kele gele. tondawate ell. dii. 50 heey 4.4-6.9 mii. gra. sine/qii. gra. asalyache aadhalun aale aanee annanaliketil jathar shleshmalachya kahee vranavyatirikt, lakshane intraperitoneal dosingshi susangat hotee. potachya samgrimadhye sanwardhan samagricha samavesh hota, jyamule heey ell. dii. 50 aakade jastiche asoo shakatat asey soochit hote.
krutichi yantrana.
sayan vishbadheshi sambandhit rogshastriy badal chaar vegvegalya tappyat nondavale geleh prathin sanshleshan pratibandh, padadyancha prasar, peshinmadhye lipid sanchay aanee shevati peshi mrutyu. shavavichhedanantar kadhoon takalelya undaranchya yakrutanchya tapasanitun asey disun aale qee sayanchya intraperitoneal injectionvar, 16 tasannantar khadbadit endoplasmic reticulum (rair) pasoon ribosomes vegale jhaale hote aanee 24 tasanvar, gulgulit air aanee golgi upkarananchya padada pranalincha lakshaniy prasar jhaala hota. 48 tasanchya sumaras, peshinchya sharirat lahan lipidache themb jamaa jhaale hote aanee 100 tasanchya sumaras, yakrutachya lobyulmadhil hepatocytes karya karnyapeksha jaast nasht jhaale hote.
prathine sanshleshan pratibandh prakriya aparivartaniy asalyache darshavile gele aahe, tathapi sanyugachya cytotoxicitychi paddhat nirnayak nahee. frossio "aanee itar.". sinmadhye krutichya kiman done vegvegalya paddhati aaheth purvi nondavaleli prathine sanshleshan pratibandh aanee peshincha mrutyu ghadavun aananyachi adyap aspasht paddhat. heey dakhavun denyat aale aahe qee peshi prathinanchya sanshleshanala 90 takke pratibandh karoon dirgh kalavadhisathi (20 tasanparyant) jagoo shakatat aanee tarihi vyavharyata rakhatat. sayan heey 16-18 tasanchya aat cytotoxic asalyane, itar yantrana heey peshinchya mrutyuche kaaran asalyache suchavale gele aahe.
cytochrome pii450 haah sayanchya visharipanamadhye guntalela aahe, kaaran pii450chee kriya rokhalyane sayanchi visharipana qamee hote. asey prastavit kele gele aahe qee sayanche sakriy pii450-vyutpann chayapachay (kinwa chayapachay) heey vishaktateche mukhya kaaran aahe. shau "aanee itar.". heey dakhavun dile qee vishakt padarthache chayapachay 'inn vivo' kele jaau shakate, parinami yakrutachya uutinmadhye baddh chayapachay hote aanee itar peshinchya prakaranpeksha undiranchya hepatocytesmadhye teey nuksan adhik hote.
sulfate, gwanidine aanee euracil gatancha samavesh asalelya sayanchya sanrachanemule, asey suchavale gele aahe qee sayan heey dii. aine. aii. kinwa aar. aine. aii. varr karya karate. shau "aanee itar.". undaranmadhye dii. aine. aii. shhee sayan kinwa tyachya chayapachayanche sahsanyojak bandhan aanee dii. aine. aii. strandche vighatan dekhil disun aale aahe. humpage "aanee itar."hyala dekhil pathimba deela aanee yavyatirikt asey gruheet dharale qee sayan (kinwa metabolite) peshi vibhajanadarmyan eka tarr spindle kinwa centromeresvar karya karate, jyamule sampoorn gunasutra nasht hotat.
sayancha uracil gut vishacha pharmacophore mhanoon olakhala gela aahe. done prayoganmadhye, euracil ringvareel vinilic hydrogen anoochya jaagi chlorine anoo badalanyat aala aanee 5-chlorosylindrospirmonspin tayar karnyat aale aanee euracil gatala carboxylic aamlat kapoon, dandgolakar aaml tayar karnyat aale (aakruti 6). donhi utpadananche moolyankan vishari nasalele, jaree 50 putt qamee asalelya utpadanachya 50 putt asale taree kele gele. deoxycilindrochispromine sanrachanechya mageel nirdharanat, sanyugatil vishaktateche moolyankan kele gele. undaranni 5 divasanchya sarasari pranghatak matrechya chaar putt intraperitoneal injectiondware konatehi vishari parinam darshavile naheet. heey sanyug tulanene mubalak asalyache darshavilyamule, haah analogue tulanene vishari navhata assa nishkarsh kadhanyat aala. siin aanee epicin donhi vishari asalyane, euracil brijvareel hydroxyl gut visharipanasathi aavashyak manla jaau shakato. adyap, siin aanee episinchya sapeksh visharipanachi tulana kelee gelee nahee.
jaivasanshleshan.
2008 madhye 'cylindrospermopsis resiborsky' aii. doubleu. tii. 205 madhye cylindrospermopsin biosynthetic januk samooh (bii. jee. see.) chey varnan karnyat aale hote.
vishari phule aanee tyancha parinam.
paam betanchya udrekapasun, cyanobacteria itar anek prajati siin utpann karananya mhanoon olakhalya gelya aaheth "enabena burgie", "enabena laponica", "afanizomenan ovalisporum", "yumezakia nuttons", "raphydiopsis karvata". aanee "afnizomenan isatschenkoi". austreliyamadhye, teen mukhya vishari cyanobacteria astitvat aaheth "enabena circinalis", "microsistis" prajati aanee "see. resborsky ". yapaiki nantarche, jeey sann tayar karate, tyane keval paam betanchya udrekamulech navhe tarr prajati adhik samshitoshna bhagat pasarat asalyane dekhil laksh vedhoon ghetale aahe. purvi, shaiwal keval ushnakatibandhiy mhanoon vargikrut kele gele hote, tathapi alikadech austreliya, europe, uttar aanee dakshin america aanee newzealandchya samshitoshna pradeshat tyacha shodh lagla aahe.
august 1997 madhye vayavya queenslandmadheel eka shetat cylindrospermopsin vishbadhemule teen gayee aanee daha vasare maran pavali. sheval fulalelya jawalchya dharanachi chachani ghenyat aalee aanee 'see. resiborskichi olakh patali. etch. pii. ell. see./maas spectrometrychya vishleshanatun biomasschya namunyat sayanchi upasthiti disun aalee. eka vasarachya shavavichedan ahavalat hriday aanee lahan aatadyatil raktasravasaha yakrut aanee pittashay sujalyache nondavale gele. yakrutachya uutinchi uutishastriy tapasani hii roggrast undaranmadhye nondavalelya tapasanishi susangat hotee. see' chaa haah pahila ahwal hota. resiborsky "austreliyatil pranyanmadhye mrutyuche kaaran banate.
see" chya fulacha parinam. austreliyatil tounsville yetheel jalcharpalan talavavaril 'resiborsky' chey 1997 madhye moolyankan karnyat aale. atirikt ann niyantrit karnyasathi talavatil pratyek indradhanushya mashasah redcla crayfish yaa talavat hote. vishleshanatun asey disun aale qee panyat bahyakoshikiy aanee antahkoshikiy donhi prakarche sann hote aanee crafishne heey pramukhyane yakrutat parantu snayunchya uutinmadhyehi jamaa kele hote. aatadyatil samgrichya tapasanitun cyanobacterial peshi ughad jhalya, jeey soochit karate qee crafishne antahkoshik vish sevan kele hote. fulancha ark vaparoon kelelya prayogatoon asey disun aale qee bahyakoshikiy vish thet uutinmadhye ghene dekhil shakya hote. visheshtah jevha manav yaa utpadanache antim vaparkarte hote, tevha visheshtah jalchar udhyogat asha prakarche jaiv sanchay chintecha vishay hota.
cyanobacterial fulanchya parinamache aarthik drushtine moolyankan kele gele aahe. december 1991 madhye, jagatil sarvat mothee shaiwal phule austreliyamadhye aalee, jithe 1000 kimichi darling-barvon nadee prabhavit jhaali. daha laakh lokanche divas pinyache paanee gele aanee thet kharch ekoon 13 laakh dollarspeksha jaast hota. shivay, paryatan, nivas aanee vahtook yasarkhya apratyakshapane prabhavit udhyogancha vichar karoon, manoranjanache 2000 divasahi vaya gele aanee aarthik kharch andaje $1 kotee itka hota.
panyachya namunyanmadhye vishleshanachya sadhyachya paddhati.
sadhyachya paddhatinmadhye drav varnpatshastra aanee maas spectrometry (ell. see.-emm. ess.), maus bioese, prathine sanshleshan pratibandh parikshan aanee ulat-tappa etch. pii. ell. see.-pii. dii. aii. (photo diode arrey) vishleshan yancha samavesh hoto. peshimukt prathine sanshleshan chachani vikasit kelee gelee aahe jee etch. pii. ell. see.-emm. ess. shhee tulana karata yete.