peruchi viceroility

peruche rajya mhanoon adhikrutpane olakhale jaanare peruche viceroility haah 1542 madhye tayar jhalela eka spanish shahee prantiy prashasakeey jilha hota, jyamadhye moolatah aadhunik kalatil peru aanee dakshin americetil bahutek spanish samrajya hote, jeey limachya rajdhanitun shasit hote. peru haah solavya teey atharavya shatkaparyant americetil done spanish viceroilitypaiki eka hota.
tordesilaschya tahadvare sthapit kelelya meridianmadhye brazilchya portugij vistarala spanishanni virodh keela nahee. 1580 teey 1640 darmyan spenne portugalvar niyantran thewale asatana haah karar nirathak tharala. 18 vya shatkat naveen granada aanee reo deey laa plata (peruchya pradeshachya kimmativar) chya viceroilitychya nirmitimule limache mahatva qamee jhaale aanee fayadeshir andian vyapar buenos aayarsmadhe halavala, tarr khaan aanee kapad utpadanachya ghasaranimule peruchya viceroilitychya pragatishil kshayala gatee midali. akheris, ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatila rashtriy swatantrya chalvalinni aavhan dile tevha bahutek spanish samrajyapramanech viceroility visarjit hoil. yaa chalvalinmule aadhunik kalatil peru desh, tasech chiilii, kolambiya, panama, equador, bolivia, paraguay, urugue aanee argentine yaa pradeshanchi nirmiti jhaali, jeey pradesh ekekali kinwa kinwa velee peruche viceroility banale hote.
itihas.
perucha vijay.
peruvar spanish vijay midvalyanantar, charles viinee vijetyanna "adlantados" pradan kele, tyanna tyanni jinkalelya pradeshache rajyapal aanee nyayadhish honyacha adhikar deela. peruchya viceroilitychya sthapanepurvi, yaa anudanatoon anek pramukh governorate tayar jhaale, jyat nyu castilleche governorate (1529), nyu toldoche governorate (1534), nyu andalusiache governorate (1534) aanee terra farmecha prant (1539) yancha samavesh aahe.
shodh aanee settlement (1542-1643).
1542 madhye, spanish dakshin amerikevar yogya prakare niyantran thevanyasathi aanee tyavar rajya karnyasathi, spanish lokanni vidyaman governorateschi naveen castillechya viceroilitymadhye vyavastha kelee, jyala lavkarach peruche viceroility mhatale jaeel.
1544 madhye, pavitra roman samrat charles wii (spaincha raja charles pahila) yala blasco nunez vela perucha pahila viceroy mhanoon naav denyat aale. 2 september 1564 teey 26 november 1569 paryant, spainchya dakshin americetil pahilya audienciachi sthapana sthapana spainchya vasahatvadi prashasak lope garcia dii castro yanni peruche antarim viceroy mhanoon kaam kele.
jaree sthapan jhaale asale taree, viceroy francisco alvarez dii toldo yanchya aagmanaparyant viceroility yogya prakare aayojit kelee gelee navhati, jyanni pradeshachi tapasani karnyasathi vyapak daura keela. manvi kalatil mahan prashaskanpaiki eka" asalelya francisco dii toledonam, bharatiy aanee spanish lokanna samaan lagoo honare kayade, jeey encomenderochi shakti modoon taktat aanee "mita" (anivarya kamgar khandanichi incan pranali) chee junie pranali qamee karatat, asha prakare, viceroilitymadhye chaukashichi sthapana kelee aanee kayade jaheer kele. tyane kille, pool aanee samudri chachyanviruddha 'laa armada dell maar dell suur' (dakshinekadil tafa) vaparoon viceroilitychi sanrakshankshamta sudharali. tyane vilkabamba yetheel swadeshi nava-inka rajyacha ant keela, inka tupac amaruchi amalbajavani kelee aanee pramukhyane potosimadhil chandichya khaninmadhun vyavsayik maktedari aanee khanij nishkarshanatun aarthik vikasala chalana dilee.
tordicillascha taha aanee francisco dii orelana sarkhya shodhkramanpasun amazon khore aanee kahee mothe shejaril pradesh heey spanish pradesh manale jaat hote, parantu portugal 1580 teey 1640 darmyan spanish niyantranakhali aale. yaa kalat, brazilmadhil portugij pradeshanvar spanish mukutane niyantran thewale hote, jyane kararane spenla dilelya amazon tyanna kahee bhaganmadhye portugij vasahatichya prasaravar aakshep ghetala hota. tarihi, luis geronimo dii cabrera, chinchonchya chauthya kauntane christobal dii acuna antargat amazon nadicha shodh ghenyasathi tisari moheem pathavali; haah pedro texira mohimechya paratanyachya tappyacha bhag hota.
solavya shatkat kahee prashant bete aanee dweepsamuhanna spanish jahajanni bhet dilee hotee, parantu tyanni tyanchyashi vyapar karnyacha kinwa vasahat karnyacha konatahi prayatna keela nahee. yamadhye naveen giinii (1545 madhye madhye aurties dii ratez), soloman bete (1568 madhye) aanee alvarro dii mendana dii neera yanni tayar keleli markesas bete (1595 madhye) yancha samavesh hota.
sthanik loksankhyeche khrishchankaran karnyasathi pahili jesuit kapat 1609 madhye sthapan karnyat aalee hotee, parantu bandyrantis mhanoon brazilchya lokanni vyapalelya kahee kshetranni 16vya aanee jaato shatkat haloohaloo tyanna bahutansh bhagatoon aanee lagatchya maato grosodware tyanche karya vistarle. portugij pradeshat asalelya amazonchya mukhatoon durgam bhoogol aanee nadee pravesh yaa gatanna laabh hota. darmyan, spanish lokanna tyanchya kayadyannusar sthanik lokanna gulam banavanyapasun rokhanyat aale hote, jyamule tyanna tyanna aateel bhagat vyavsayik swarasya navhate.
1628 madhye spanish mohimevar jhalelya prasiddha hallyamule 60,000 sthanik lokanna gulam kele gele. kharey tarr, jasjasa kaal jaat gela, tasatase portugij portugij tyancha vapar swayam-nidhiche adhinivesh dall mhanoon keela, jeey prabhavipane pradeshik vijayasathiche eka nimn-stariy yuddh hote.
1617 madhye, viceroy francisco dii borja vaay aragonne riyo dii laa platache sarkar done bhagat vibhagale, buenos ires aanee paraguay, donhi peruchya viceroilitychya avalambit. tyanni 'tribunal dell consulado' chee sthapana kelee, jeey viceroilitymadhil vyavsayik vyavharansathi nyayalay aanee prashasakeey sanstha aahe. gwadalkarche markis, dego fernandez dii cordoba yanni vittiy vyavasthet sudharana kelee aanee aantarkutumbatil shatrutva thambavale jeey kshetrala raktaranjit karat hote.
fernando torres, fernandez dii cabrera aanee fernandez cordoba yansarkhe itar viceroy shahee naudalacha vistar karat hote aanee paradeshi ghuskhoricha pratikar karnyasathi bandare majboot karat asat, jase qee privator thomas cavendish yanchya netrutvakhali. fernandez dii cabrera yane uru aanee mapuche bharatiyancha uthav dekhil dadapala.
shevatche spanish habsberg (1643-1713).
viceroyna french pratibandhit aanee ingraji aanee dutch samudri chachyanpasun aanee khajgi lokanpasoon prashant kinarpattiche sanrakshn karave lagale. tyanni naudalancha vistar keela, valdivia, valparaiso, erika aanee callao bandaranna balkati dilee aanee lima (1686) aanee trugillo (1685-1687) yethe shahar bhinti bandhalya. tarisuddha, prasiddha velsh privator heinry morganne morganne suruvatichya kalat chagrej tabyat ghetale aanee panama shahar tabyat ghetale aanee lutale. peruvian sainyane edward david (1684 aanee 1686), charles vejar aanee thomas colb (1708) yanchya hallyanna dekhil mage takale. utrektachya shantatemule britishanna portobello yetheel jatret jahaje aanee vyapari maal pathvanyachi parvanagi midali.
yaa kalat bund samanya hote. 1656 chya sumaras, pedro bohorkez yanni swatahla kalchaki bharatiyancha inka (samrat) mhanoon mukut ghatala, jyamule sthanik lokanna bund karnyas pravrutt kele. 1665 teey 1668 paryant, shrimant khanmalak jose aanee gasper salcedo yanni vasahatvadi sarkarchya virodhat bund kele. spainmadhun prelateschya niyuktila padrincha virodh hota. viceroy digo ladron dii gwerala huachipa dii limachya hassinda yethe gulamanchya uthavaviruddha karvai karavi lagali. bhayankar bhookamp (1655,1687) aanee sathichya rogahi aale.
baltasar deey laa kyuva enriczchya prashasanadarmyan, indigeche kayade sankalit kele gele. 1664 madhye digo dii benavids vaay dii laa kyuvane 'ordenanza dii obrages' (utpadakanche ordenance) jaaree kele aanee pedro alvarez dii toldo vaay livane 'papple celado' (shabdasha, seelband kagad) sadar keela. 1683 madhye melchor dii navara vaay rokafulane lima pudina punha sthapit keela, joou 1572 pasoon bund hota. viceroy diego ladron dii gwera yanni potosichya khaninmadhye chandiche utpadan vadhavale aanee sann nicolas, cajatambo aanee huankavelika yetheel itar khaninmadhye utpadanala chalana dilee. tyane usapasoon adhikrut karkhanyanparyant aguardienteche utpadan maryadit kele, jyavar too motha curr aakarat asey.
losses desamparados (1672), laa buena muerte aanee minimos dii sann francisco dii paulache math purn jhaale aanee ughadale gele. lima yetheel espiritu santoche rugnalay aanee sann bartolom rugnalay bandhanyat aale.
borban sudharana (1713-1806).
1717 madhye uttarekadil pradeshanmadhun, bogota, quito aanee panamachya 'audiencia' pasoon naveen granadyachi viceroility tayar karnyat aalee. hii viceroility suruvatila keval 1724 paryant tikali, parantu 1740 madhye kayamswarupi punha sthapit karnyat aalee. 1776 madhye aata argentine, bolivia, paraguay aanee urugue yaa dakshinekadil bhaganmadhun riyo dii laa platachya viceroilitychya nirmitisah, charkas aanee buenos eris "audiencia" ashach prakare nasht jhaale. 256 varshe junya tordesilaschya tahala 1750 chya madridchya tahadvare radd karnyat aale, jyane madhyantari shatkanmadhye dakshin americet tyanni vyapalelya jaminivar portugalache niyantran manjur kele. yaa portugij tabyat 1756 chya gwari yuddhala chalana midali. amazonus heey naav amazon nadivarun padale aahe aanee purvi too spanish gayana navachya peruchya spanish viceroilitycha bhag hota. 18 vya shatkachya suruvatila portugijanni yethe vasahat kelee aanee 1750 madhye madridchya tahanantar portugij samrajyat samavisht kele. 1889 madhye teey brazilian prajasattakache rajya banale.
anek viceroycha viceroilitiver vaidnyanik, rajkiy aanee aarthik parinam jhaala. manuel daad amat vaay junietne tahitila moheem aayojit kelee. viceroy teodoro dii crocks yane limachya 'audiencia' kshetrat aath 'inentias' aanee chilichya captainship generalmadhye done 'inentias' tayar karoon sarkarche vikendrikaran kele. francisco gill dii tabodane puno pradeshacha peruchya viceroilitymadhye punarbandhani kelee. jose dii armenderizne chandichya utpadanas chalana dilee aanee fasavanuk, bhrashtachar aanee taskariviruddha pavale uchalali. amat vaay junietne vyaparache pahile niyaman aanee simashulk niyamanchi sanghatana sthapan kelee, jyamule calaomadhye simashulk gruh bandhale gele. teodoro dii croxney 'junta superior dii commeracio' aanee 'tribunal dii mineria' (1786) chya nirmitimadhye sahkarya kele.
1746 madhye bhookampane lima aanee callao uddhvast kele. viceroy amat vaay juniet yanni lima yethe pahilya bail ringsah vividh sarvajanik kaame bandhali. manuel dii guariorne lima yetheel daha rugnalayanmadhil vaidyakeey sevemadhyehi sudharana kelee aanee eka payabhoot ghar sthapan kele.
spain aanee britton yanchyat punha yuddh suru jhaale (jenkinschya kanache yuddh, 1739-1748). amat vaay junietne 1774 madhye calaomadhye calaomadhye felipacha killa bandhala.
tathapi, yaa sampoorn kalat, sthanik peruvian lokanche bund purnapane dadapale gele nahee. ektya atharavya shatkat chauda mothe uthav jhaale, jyapaiki sarvat mahattvache hote 1742 madheel juan santos ataholpache aanee 1780 madheel tupac amaru dviteey yanche siera bund. 1721 teey 1732 darmyan paraguaymadhye communero bund petale). 1767 madhye jesutanna vasahatitoon hakaloon denyat aale.
viceroilitycha shevat (1806-24).
viceroy jose fernando daad abascal vaay sausane shaikshanik sudharananna protsahan dile, sainyachi punarrachana kelee aanee sthanik bandkhoranna sampavale. tyachya prashasanadarmyan, spainmadhil cortsney kelelya sudharanancha parinam mhanoon limachi chaukashi tatpurati radd karnyat aalee.
1810 madhye jevha swatantryachi yuddhe suru jhaali, tevha peru heey rajgharanyatil pratikriyeche kendra hote. abascalne cordoba, potosi, laa paz, charkas, rankagua aanee quito yaa prantancha peruchya viceroilitymadhye punarbandhani kelee. peruchya shahee sainyane 14 varshanchya kalavadhit argentinachya aanee chilichya deshbhakt sainyacha parabhav keela, aanee peruche dakshin americetil shevatcha shahee balekilla banale.
1812 madhye gwayakilmadhye lagalelya mothya aagit shaharacha sumare ardha bhag nasht jhaala.
laurd kokrenane gwayakwil aanee ell calaovar ayashasvi hallah keela, parantu 4 februwari roji tyane valdivia tabyat ghetala, jyala tyaa velee 'dakshin samudrachi killi' aanee 'prashant mahasagarachi gibraltar' mhatale jaat asey, kaaran tyachya prachand killyanmule. tathapi, 1826 paryant viceroyaltine chilo betache sanrakshn karnyat yash midavale.
8 september 1820 roji, pramukhyane argentinachya lokanni aayojit kelele aanee kahee peruvian aanee chilichya sarkarchya sahbhagasah peruche 'expadician libertadora', pisco shaharajavalil paracas beey yetheel samudrakinaryavar utarale. bhusena jose dii sann martinchya adhipatyakhali hotee. thomas kokrenchya netrutvakhalil naudalane peruvian kinarpattivar spanish samrajyachya naudalacha parabhav kelyanantar aanee calaoche niyantran aanee aatmasamarpan kelyanantar, viceroyshee ayashasvi vataghati kelyanantar, mohimene 21 julai 1821 roji peruvian rajdhani lima tabyat ghetali. peruche swatantrya 28 julai 1821 roji ghoshit karnyat aale. viceroy jose day laa sarna aii hinojosa, joou ajunahi mothya lashkari dalacha pramukh hota, too jaujala nivrutt jhaala aanee nantar kuskola gela.
26 julai 1822 roji, sann martin aanee simone bolliver heey guaayakilmadhye bhetale aanee urvarit peruchya muktatesathi ranniti nishchit kelee. hii baithak gupt hotee aanee nemke kaay ghadale heey maheet nahee. tathapi, tyanantar sann martin argentinamadhye paratala, tarr bolliver peru aanee varchya peru (aadhunik bolivia) madheel urvarit rajgharanyatil sainyaviruddha aakraman karanyachi tayari karat hota. september 1823 madhye bolliver aakramak yojana aakhanyasathi antonio jose dii sukresah lima yethe pohochala.
februwari 1824 madhye rajgharanyane limacha kahee kalasathi taba parat midavala. olanetache bund aashcharyane suru jhaale aanee perucha viceroy laa serna (eka udarmatvadi) yachya virodhat pedro antonio olaneta (rajgharanyatil) yachya netrutvakhali varchya peruchya (aajchya bolivia) sampoorn rajgharanyatil sainyane bund kele. yamule shahee sainya uddhvast jhaale aanee varchya perumadhye gruhyuddha suru jhaale. trujilomadhye punha ekatra aalyanantar, junmadhye bolliverne tyachya bandkhor sainyache dakshinekade philled marshal jose dii canterachya netrutvakhali spanishcha samna karnyasathi netrutva kele. 6 august 1824 roji donhi sainya juninachya maidani bhagat bhetale aanee peruvian purnapane bandukanshivay ladhalelya ladhait vijayi jhaale. tyanantar spanish sainyane limala limala baher kadhale.
gran colombiachya congresschya aadeshacha parinam mhanoon, bolliverne 7 aktoobar 1824 roji bandkhor sainyachi kamaan yashasvi honyasathi supurd kelee.
dakshin-madhya dongral pradeshantil rajgharanyache niyantran aata qamee houn kuzko jhaale. viceroyne ayakuchovar pratiaakraman suru kele. peruchya swatantryasathichi antim ladhai tithech ladhali jaeel.
9 december 1824 roji, ayakuchochi ladhai kinwa laa quinuachi ladhai, quinua shaharajaval, ayakuchopasun kahee kilometer antaravar asalelya pampa day laa quinua yethe jhaali. rajgharanyatil (spanish) aanee rashtravadi (prajasattak) sainikanmadhil yaa ladhaine peru aanee dakshin amerikeche swatantrya nishchit kele. vijayi rashtravadi sainyache netrutva bollivercha leftnunt antonio jose dii sukre yane kele. viceroy serna jakhami jhaala aanee tyala kaidi banavanyat aale. spanish sainyat 2,000 lock marle gele aanee jakhami jhaale aanee 3,000 kaidi gamavale, urvarit sainya purnapane vikhurale gele. yuddhanantar, sernane antim sharanagativar swakshari kelee, jyamadhye spanioreds peru sodanyas tayar jhaale. tyanantar lagechach seranachi sutka karnyat aalee aanee tee europela ravana jhaali.
spenne aapale purviche pradesh tikavoon thevanyasathi vyarth prayatna kele, jase qee calaochya vedhyadarmyan (1826), parantu spaincha raja ferdinand sahava yachya mrutyunantar, 1836 madhye spainchya sarkarne sampoorn khandiy amerikevaril aapale pradeshik aanee sarvbhaumatva dave sodoon dile. 1867 madhye spenne perusobat shantata karar keela aanee 1879 madhye peruchya swatantryala manyata manyata kararavar kararavar kelya.
rajkaran.
18 janewari 1535 roji pizarrone 'siudad dii losses reyes' (raje/jadugaranche shahar) mhanoon sthapan kelele lima shahar heey naveen viceroilityche sthan banale. portugij varchasva asalelya brazil vagalata sampoorn spanish dakshin amerikevar dekhrekh dekhrekh viceroyche sthan mhanoon lima eka shaktishali shahar banale. taree, 16vya aanee jaato shatkatil bahutansh kalat, chandichya khaninni nirman keleli dakshin americetil serve vasahatvadi sampatti limasamorun panamachya istamasparyant aanee tethoon spainmadhil sevhilparyant jaat hotee. prashasakeey babinmadhye urvarit viceroility lima varr avalambun asate, jyaa paddhaticha perumadhye aajahi vapar keela jaato. jaato shatkachya suruvatiparyant, lima hii eka pratishthit aanee abhijat vasahatvadi rajdhani, 250 varshe junya sann marcoschya shahee aanee pontifical vidyapithache kendra aanee americetil pramukh spanish balekilla bunley hotee.
pahilya shatkat talagalaparyant, spanish 'encomendero' bharatiy loksankhyechya khandani kamgaranparyant, agadi durgam vasahatinparyantahi pohochanyasathi sthanik sardaranvar ('curaca') avalambun hote aanee mhanunach, anek 'encomendero' neey 'curaca' shhee paraspar sambandh vikasit kele, jaree teey ajunahi shrenibaddha asale taree. taree shatkachya akheris ardh-khajgi 'encomienda' chee jaaga 'repartimiento' pranaline ghetali hotee (perumadhye kwechua shabd, 'mita' dware olakhali jaate), jee sthanik rajgharanyatil rajgharanyatil niyantrit hotee.
rajkiyadrushtya viceroilitychi pudhil vibhagani 'audiencia' madhye karnyat aalee, jeey pramukhyane uchch nyayadhikaran hote, parantu tyanchi prashasakeey aanee vidhimandalatmak karye dekhil hotee. yapaiki pratyek prashasakeey babinmadhye (jaree nyayik babinmadhye nasla taree) peruchya viceroyla jababdar hota. audionciamadhye pudhe governorchya netrutvakhalil "governorship" ("governsions", andaje prant) mhanoon olakhale jaanare june, lahan vibhag samavisht kele gele. "(pahaa, edelantado.) lashkari dhokyat asalelya prantanche, chiliche captaincy general (1541 madhye sthapan aanee 1789 madhye borban captaincy general mhanoon sthapit) aanee svayattatechya vishisht patalisah sanyukt lashkari aanee rajkiy kamandsarkhe, captaincy generalmadhye gatbaddh kele gele. (viceroy haah thet tyachya adhipatyakhali rahilelya prantancha capton-general hota).
sthanik staravar bharatiy aanee spanish asha donhi bhagat shekado jilhe hote, jyanche netrutva ektar 'corgedor' (jyala 'alkalde mahapour' asehi mhanatat) kinwa 'cabildo' (nagar parishad) karat asat, jyanchyakade nyay aanee prashasakeey adhikar hote. 18 vya shatkachya uttaradhat borban rajvanshane 'saha-sansthapak' yanna tappyatappyane baher kadhanyas suruvat kelee aanee ichchukanna aanale, jyanche vyapak vittiy adhikar viceroy, governor aanee 'cabildo' yanchya adhikarat vibhagale gele. (borban sudharana pahaa.")
audians.
nirmitichya tarkhansah
nantarche shravan
≤ reo deey laa platachya viceroilitycha nantarcha bhag
swayatt karnadhar general.
1. chiilii (1789)
hetu.
nirmitichya varshantargat soochibaddhah
1783 <bii. aar.>
1. lima, 2. puno
1784 <bii. aar.>
3. trugillo, 4. terma, 5. huvancavelica, 6. cusco, 7. arequipa, (10. chilo, 1789 madhye radd)
1786 <bii. aar.>
8. santiago, 9. kalpana
arthvyavastha.
peruchya viceroyaltychi arthvyavastha mukhyatve chandichya niryativar avalambun hotee. peru aanee meksikochya viceroilitykadoon niryat niryat mothya pramanat chandicha europewer kholvar parinam jhaala, jithe kahee vidvananna asey vatate qee yamule tathakathit kimmat kranti jhaali. kantrati aanee mofat majuri kamgarancha vapar karoon tasech purv-hyspanic kalapasoon varshane midaleli mukt majurichi mita pranali vaparoon chandiche utkhanan kele jaat hote. 1610 madhye chandiche utpadan sarvoch patalivar pohochale.
peruchi viceroility sthapan jhalyanantar, andischya sone aanee chandine vijetyanna samruddha kele aanee viceroility haah dakshin americetil spanish sampatti aanee sattecha pramukh srot banala. perusathi (aanee kharey tarr dakshin amerikesathi) tayar keleli pahili nanee 1568 aanee 1570 chya darmyan disu lagali. viceroy manuel dii omes vaay dii santa paune spanish uttaradhikarachya yuddhacha kahee kharch bharoon kadhanyasathi rajala prachand rakkam (1,600,000 peso) parat pathavali. caraboyatil khanincha shodh laglyamule heey kahee pramanat shakya jhaale. boliviatil potosi yetheel khaninmadhun milanari chandi jagbharat pasarali. peruvian aanee itar naveen jaagtik chandi itaki vipul hotee qee tyamule spainmadhye chalanwadh jhaali aanee tichya kimmatit ghasaran jhaali. aajahi peru aanee bolivia jagatil bahutansh chandiche utpadan karatat.
tarr viceroilitykadoon bahutansh chandi europemadhye sampali, tarr kahee dakshin americet prasarit jhaali. kharey tarr, kharee paristhiti mhanje chilimadhil kayamswarupi spanish sainyala arthsahayya karnyasathi viceroyaltikadoon varshik chandichi rakkam hotee, jeey arauko yuddh mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya dirghkal chalalelya sangharshat ladhale. spanish lokanni yaa chandicha kahee bhag mapuchases vyapar keela jyamule mapuche chandichya kamachi parampara suru jhaali.
1643 madhye dachanni kelelya valdiviyachya mohimela pratisad mhanoon bandhalelya valdivian killa pranalichi dekhbhal haah aanakhi eka muddah jyane viceroilitychya aarthik bharala tond dile.
lui geronimo fernandez dii cabrera yanni peru aanee nyu spain (mexico) yanchyatil thet vyapar aanee lima yetheel pramukh vyapari portugij jyoo lokancha chhal karnyas bandee ghatali.
loksankhyashastra.
shevatchya kwipukamayokene kelelya jangananenevarun asey soochit jhaale qee inka peruche 1 kotee 20 laakh rahivasi hote; 45 varshannantar, viceroy toldo yanchya netrutvakhali, jangananechi aakadevari keval 1,100,000 bharatiyanchi hotee. jaree haah narsamhar karnyacha sanghatit prayatna navhata, taree parinam sarkhech hote, mukhytah sheetpitt aanee itar eurasian roganmule, jyanchyavishayi mool rahivashanna pratikarshakti navhati. inka shaharanna spanish khrishchan nave denyat aalee aanee spanish shahare mhanoon tyanchi punarbandhani karnyat aalee, pratyek shahar eka plazabhovati kendrit hote aanee church kinwa cathedral adhikrut nivassthanakade tond dett hote. kuzkosarkhya kahee inka shaharanni tyanchya bhintinchya payasathi sthanik dagadi bandhkam kayam thewale. huanuko viejosarkhi itar inka sthale, qamee unchivaril shaharansathi sodoon denyat aalee hotee, jee spanish lokansathi adhik aadaratithya karnari hotee.
viceroy jose dii armenderies yanni hii vyavastha punha sthapit kelee, jyadvare inca kuleen jeey tyanche purvaj siddha karoo shakat hote tyanna castileche hijosdalgo mhanoon olakhale jaat asey. yamule sthanik kulinavargakadun tyancha darja vaidh karnyasathi unmad nirman jhaala.
jhaala dashakat viceroy francisco gill dii taboda yanni loksankhyechi pahili adhikrut janganana karnyache aadesh dile.
perumadhil kalya gulamancha shevatcha maal 1806 madhye utaravanyat aala. tyaveli eka praudh purush gulam 600 pesola vikala gela.
sanskruti.
viceroy francisco dii borja vaay aragonne sann marcos vidyapithachi punarrachana kelee aanee louis geronimo fernandez dii cabrera yanni done vaidyakeey pithanchi sthapana kelee. 1710 chya dashakat, viceroy digo ladron dii gwera yanni sharirshastrache eka peeth sthapan kele. teodoro dii crocks aanee francisco gill dii taboda yanni shareer rachnashastrachi kendre sthapan kelee. 1810 madhye sann fernandochya vaidyakeey shalechi sthapana jhaali.
peruvian khagolshastradnya doctor francisco ruiz lojano yanchya mrutyunantar, viceroy melcore linnon vaay sisneros (mukutchya manyatesah) yanni ganitala sann marcos vidyapithat kayamswarupi sthan dile. ganeet heey vishvashastrachya khurchishi jodalele hote. janmane belgian asalele doctor juan rammon coning yanna khurchivar naav denyat aale.. viceroy manuel dii guarior yanni vidyapithat done naveen khurchya tayar kelya.
alba dii listechya listechya gananetil lui enrequez dii guzmanne vasahatichya naudal akadamichi sthapana kelee. francisco gill dii tabodane nauvahan shalela pathimba deela. teodoro dii croxney limachya vanaspati udyanala suruvat kelee.
francisco dii borja vaay aragonne kuzkomadhye, sthanik kulinanchya mulansathi 'collegio dell principe' aanee vijetyanchya mulansathi 'collegio dii sann francisco' chee sthapana kelee. manuel daad amat vaay junietne sann karlosachya royal collegechi sthapana kelee.
perumadhye chhapaleli pahili pustake antonio ricardo yaa turin yetheel mudrakane tayar kelee hotee, joou lima yethe sthayik jhaala hota. diago dii benavids vaay dii laa kyuvane lima yethe pahile natyagruh bandhale. manuel dii omes vaay dii santa paune 1709 madhye eka sahityik akadami sthapan kelee aanee rajvadyat saptahik sahityik charchanna protsahan dile jyamule limachya kahee sarvottam lekhakanna aakarshit kele. yamadhye prasiddha creolo vidwan pedro peralta vaay barnuevo aanee anek sthanik kavincha samavesh hota. omes yanni viceroilitymadhye french aanee italian fashionchi suruvat kelee. italian sangitkar rokko seruti (1688-1760) peru yethe aala. francisco gill dii taboda yanni 1791 madhye 'ell mercurio peruano' yaa vartmanpatrachya sthapanela pathimba deela aanee lalit qalaa akadamichi sthapana kelee.
mexico aanee perucha shodh shodh jesut barnabe dii cobo (1582-1657) yane 1632 madhye lima yethoon spainmadhye aanee nantar rome aanee italichya itar bhaganmadhye sinakonachi saal aanali.
1671 madhye pope clement ex yanni limachya gulabala santatv dile. catholic sant bananare gulab heey moolche moolche american hote. pope benedict terava yane toribio alphonso dii mogrovjo aanee francisco dii solano yaa aanakhi done mahattvachya peruvian santanna badhati dilee.
diago quispe tito haah swatantryachya yugapurvicha eka prasiddha kalakar hota.
vidnyan.
1737 madhye, french akadameene bhoomadhyareshevaril meridian kamaniche praman mojanyasathi vaidnyanik mohimevar pathavalele spanish shastradnya, george juan vaay santasilia aanee antonio dii uloa, vasahatmadhye aale. sarkarmadhil avyavastha aanee bhrashtachar aanee taskaribabat ahwal denyachehi tyanche dhyey hote. tyancha ahwal nantar 'noticias secrets dii america' ('secret news fraum america') yaa shirshakakhali prakashit karnyat aala.
manuel dii guariorne hippolito ruiz lopez, jose antonio pavon aanee joseph dombe yanchya vaidnyanik mohimela madat kelee, jyanna viceroilitychya vanaspatincha abhyas karnyasathi pathvanyat aale. hii moheem 1777 teey 1788 paryant chalali. tyanche nishkarsh nantar 'laa flora peruana vaay chilena' (peru aanee chilichi vanaspati) mhanoon prakashit karnyat aale. punha eka mothee chinta arthvyavasthela chalana dene hii hotee, jee giryarohakanni krishi, khankam, vanijya aanee udhyogat udarmatvadi upayayojanancha avalamb karoon kelee.
vasahatitil vidnyanavar aanakhi eka french prabhav lui godin haah meridian mohimecha aanakhi eka sadasya hota. viceroy mendoja yanni tyanchi 'cosmographo mahapour' mhanoon niyukti kelee. cosmographo mahapour' chya kartvyanmadhye panchang aanee naukanayan soochana prakashit karane samavisht hote. charles merrie dii laa condamine heey yaa velee perumadhil aanakhi eka french shastradnya hote.
23 meey 1806 roji bamis moheem lima yethe pohochali. tyach velee yaa viceroyani america aanee francemadhil vishvakoshvadi aanee krantikarkanchya vicharanna dadapanyasathi kathor upayayojana kelya.

