
sisak chhalchhavadi

sisak heey dusya mahayuddhatil eka ekagrata aanee sankraman shibir hote, jeey croatiache swatantra rajya (aine. dii. etch.) mhanoon olakhale jaanare aksh kathputali rajya asalelya tyach navachya shaharat sthit hote. 1941 teey 1945 yaa kalat teey karyanvit hote.
shibirat sisak pahila aanee sisak dusra yaa done up-shibirancha samavesh hota. pahilyacha vapar richmadhye saktichya majurisathi tharavalelya praudhanna najarkaidet thevanyasathi keela gela aanee 1941 madhye tyachi sthapana karnyat aalee, tarr nantarche vapar naan palalelya sarab-aanee kahee pramanat, jyoo aanee roma-mulanna tabyat thevanyasathi kele gele jeey sangharshadarmyan tyanchya palakanpasun vegale jhaale hote. sisak pahila germananni chalavala hota, tarr sisak dusra ustasedvare prashasit keela jaat hota, kahee german gendarms tyachya parighala sanrakshn dett hote. nantarche julai-august 1942 madhye karyanvit jhaale, jyanna purvi malaka yethe tabyat ghenyat aale hote asha mulancha eka gut prapt jhaala. mulanchya shibiratil rahniman kharab hote, jyamule mrutyuche praman vadhale. vachalelyanchya matey, kahee mulanna vishari dudh kinwa castic soda ghaloon tayar kelele dhanya deuun marle gele. itar prasangi, chhavanicha senapati antun nazar yane mulanna pranghatak injection dilee. manavtavadi dyna budisavaljevich aanee bhoomigat sthanik communist yanchya netrutvakhalil bachav prayatnancha parinam mhanoon hajaro mulanna chhavanitun vachavanyat aale. sisak dusra janewari 1943 madhye visarjit jhaala. tethe maran pavalelya mulanchi achook sankhya adnyat aahe, parantu andajanusar 1,160 teey 1,600 paryant, mukhytah upasamar, tahan, vishamajwar aanee durlaksh yamule. april 1944 madhye, germananni sisak pahilacha taba ustasela deela. janewari 1945 madhye teey bund karnyat aale aanee tyateel urvarit kaidyanna jasinovacla pathvanyat aale.
september 1946 madhye, mulanchya chhavanit jhalelya atyacharanmadhye sahbhagi asalyabaddal najjerla doshi tharvanyat aale aanee golibar pathkane tyala fashichi shiksha sunavali. 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila croatiachya swatantryaladhyadarmyan chhavanichya piditanchya smaranarth ubharaleli smarke padnyat aalee. chhavanit vachalelya gabrijela kolarchya shilpala vachavanyat aale, parantu tyanantar teey nasunamichya sthiteet aale aahe. swatantryanantar croatiamadhye, chhavanichya mukhya imaratiche chitrapatgruhat rupantar karnyat aale aanee tyache naav badaloon chrystal cube auph hallerfulness asey karnyat aale.
parshvabhoomi.
aantaryuddh kaal.
pahilya mahayuddhanantar serb, crot aanee sloven samrajyachya sthapanenantar serb aanee crot yanchyatil vanshik tanav vadhala. aantaryuddh kalat, anek croates navyane sthapan jhalelya rajyatil gulamanchya rajkiy varchasvavar naraj jhaale, jyacha parinam mhanoon gulamanchya rajkiy, dharmik aanee vyavsayik hitsambandhanna anukool assa kayada manjur jhaala. 1928 madhye deshachya sansadet montenegrin serb rajkarani punissa raseek yanni paach croatian sansadiy pratinidhinchya golibaranantar tanav vadhala. doghancha jaagich mrutyu jhaala tarr itar doghe jakhami jhaale, parantu teey bachavale. pachva, virodhi pakshaneta stagepan radic dekhil jakhami jhaala aanee sumare done mahinyanantar golibaramule jhalelya guntaguntimule tyacha mrutyu jhaala. janewari 1929 madhye, raja alekzandarne shahee hukumshahi sthapan kelee aanee deshache naav badaloon yugoslavia asey thewale. tyanantar thodyach velat, croatian rajkarani antey pavelik yane ustase hii croatian rashtravadi aanee facist chalval sthapan kelee, jee hinsak margane croatian swatantrya prapt karnyacha prayatna karat hotee. yugoslaviamadhye ustasinna bekaydeshir tharvanyat aale hote, parantu benito musolinichya italikadoon tyanna gupt madat midali, jyache istriya aanee dalmetiyamadhye pradeshik dhong hote. yugoslaviala kamkuvat karnyachya uddeshane ustasne anek krutee kelya, visheshtah 1932 madheel velebit uthav aanee 1934 madhye marcelsmadhye raja alekzandarchi hatya. alekzandarchya hatyenantar, pavelics ustas chalvalichya jyeshth netyanvar france aanee yugoslavia yaa donhi deshanmadhye "anupasthitit" khatala chalavanyat aala aanee tyanna fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee, parantu musolini tyanna sanrakshn dile aanee asha prakare tyanna pakadane talhale.
yugoslaviache aksh aakraman.
march 1938 chya 'ensclus' nantar, jyaa darmyan germanyne austriyacha taba ghetala, yugoslavia germanybarobar tyachi vayavya seema samayik karnyasathi aala aanee tyachya shejari aksh shaktinshi swatahla jodat asalyane vadhatya dabavakhali aala. april 1939 madhye, italine albaniavar aakraman kele aanee tyavar kabja keela, jyamule yugoslaviabarobar dusari bhusima sthapan jhaali. dusare mahayuddha suru jhalyavar, shahee yugoslav sarkarne aapali tatasthata ghoshit kelee. september aanee november 1940 darmyan, hangeri aanee romania heey tri-pakshiy kararat sameel jhaale, akshasah sanrekhit jhaale aanee italine grisbaddal aakraman kele. toparyant yugoslavia jawaljawal purnapane aksh shaktinni aanee tyanchya upgrahanni vedhalela hota aanee yuddhaprati tyachi tatasth bhoomika tanali gelee. februwari 1941chya uttaradhat bulgaria yaa kararat sameel jhaala. dusya divashi, german sainyane romaniahoon balgeriyamadhye pravesh keela aanee yugoslaviachya sabhovatalache ring bund kele.
soviet unionver honanya hallyasathi aapala dakshinekadil bhag surakshit thevanyachya uddeshane, german hukumshaha edolph hitlerne yugoslaviavar akshat sameel honyasathi motha dabav taknyas suruvat kelee. 25 march 1941 roji, kahee vilambanantar, shahee yugoslav sarkarne kararavar swakshya kelya. done divasannantar, pashchimatya samarthak, serbian rashtravadi shahee yugoslav havai dalachya adhikadhyanchya eka gatane deshache rajpratinidhi, prince paul yanna raktaheen uthav karoon padchyut kele. tyanni tyacha kishoravayin putanya pieterla sinhasanavar basavale aanee shahee yugoslav havai dalache pramukh general dussan simovic yanchya netrutvakhalil rashtriy aikyache eka spasht sarkar sattevar aanale. yaa uthavamule hitler santapt jhaala, jyala yugoslaviacha aparivartaniyapane padav karayacha hota, jyala tyane 'versails construct' asey naav dile. tyane tabadtob deshachya aakramanala aadesh deela, jeey 6 april roji suru jhaale.
aine. dii. etch. chee nirmiti.
yugoslavia aksh shaktinchya ektrit samarthyane patkan bharavun gela aanee tyane done aathvadyanpeksha qamee kalavadhit aatmasamarpan kele. sarkar aanee rajgharanyatil lock haddapar jhaale aanee desh tyachya shejanyanni vyapala aanee tyache tukade kele. serbia tyachya balkan yuddhapoorv simanparyant maryadit karnyat aala aanee germanyne thet tyavar kabja keela. drina nadichya paschimes asalele serb-vastiche pradesh croatiache swatantra rajya mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya aksh kathputali rajyat samavisht kele gele, jyat aadhunik kalatil bahutek croatia, aadhunik kalatil serve bosnia aanee herzegovina aanee aadhunik kalatil sarbiyache kahee bhag samavisht hote. paradeshat croatian rashtravadyanchya samparkat asalele majee austro-hungarian lashkari adhikari slavco quaternick yanni 10 april roji rediovar aine. dii. etch. chya sthapanechi ghoshana kelee.
pavelik 13 april roji aine. dii. etch. madhye dakhal jhaala aanee done divasannantar zagarebala pohochala. tyach divashi, germany aanee italine aine. dii. etch. laa rajnaitik manyata dilee. pavelikne niyantran sweekarle aanee swatahla 'poglavanic' ('neta') hii padvi dilee. tyachya sthapanechya velee, aine. dii. etch. chee loksankhya 65 laakh rahivasi hotee, jyapaiki sumare ardhe crot hote. yethe sumare 20 laakh serb lokahi rahat hote, jeey tyanchya ekoon loksankhyechya sumare eka trutiyansh hote. tathapi, jyoo aanee romasarkhya ustashanna "avanchhaniy" vatananya itar sarvansah, sarbanna teey aryan navhate yaa aadharavar nagrikatva nakarnyat aale aanee sarvajanik kshetratun cyrillic varnamala kadhoon taknyasathi twarit upayayojana karnyat aalya. 17 april roji, ustasene lock aanee rajyachya sanrakshanasathi kayadeshir tartud, chhalchhavyanchi sthapana aanee aine. dii. etch. madhye bandhakanchya samoohik golibarala kayadeshir manyata denara kayada sthapan keela. kathputali rajyat ekoon tees chhalchhavanya ubharanyat aalya.
itihas.
sisak I.
sawa aanee kupa nadyanchya sangmajavalil sisak shahar zagrebchya aagneyela aahe. yuddhadarmyan, shaharane done up-shibiranche aayojan kele, jyanche suruvatila aine. dii. etch. adhikari aanee croatia () madheel german aayukt sanyuktapane prashasana karat hote. pahila up-shibir, sisak pahila, hajaro pakadale gelele serb, bosniac aanee romasathi sankraman shibir mhanoon kaam karat hote, jyanna richmadhye jabardastine shram karnyasathi haddapar kele jayache hote. tyachya prashasakanni saumya shabdat 'nirvasitansathiche sankraman shibir' mhanoon sambodhale jaanare heey thikan kateri taranni vedhalelya sodoon dilelya teslic karkhanyachya eka bhagavar sthapan karnyat aale hote. german adhikaanyaanee kahee saksham kaidyanna sisak I pasoon suzmist yatna shibirat pathavale, jeey thet german-vyapt belgradepasoon simepalikade hote. augusberg, aushwitz, dachau, mauthausena aanee salzgitter yasarkhya vegvegalya german shibiranmadhye itar kaidyanna vividh bhavitavya midale. kahinna adhikrut norweymadheel german-sanchalit shibiranmadhye pathvanyat aale.
1942 madhye saat atirikt barrekchya bandhkamasah sisak pahilacha vistar karnyat aala. pudhil varshaparyant, tyachi ekoon kshamata 5,000 hotee. april 1944 madhye german adhikaanyaanee sisak I aanee ustasekade niyantran sopavale. akheris janewari 1945 madhye shibir bund karnyat aale, urvarit kaidyanna ustasek shibiranpaiki sarvat mothya jasenovac yethe pathvanyat aale.
sisak II.
sthapana.
dusra up-shibir, sisak dusra, saktichya majurisathi ayogya manalya jaananya lokansathi rakheev hota. tyache sanchalak saumyoktine yala "mule aanee nirvasitansathi swagat kendra" kinwa "baal nirvasitansathi aashray" mhanoon sambodhatat. itihaskar joseph robbert white yanchya matey, pahili 1,200 mule 29 julai 1942 roji malaka up-shibiratoon aalee, tyanantar jasinovac wii (starra gradisca) aanee jastrebarsko yethoon augustmadhye badali jhaali. itihaskaranchya matey paul aar. bartrop aanee eve eae. kozara aakramananantar () 3 august 1942 roji griim, sisak II chee adhikrutpane sthapana karnyat aalee. bartrop aanee grimchya matey, 906 mulancha pahila gut 3 august roji sisak II yethe pohochala, dusya divashi atirikt 650 mule aalee aanee 6 august roji 1,272 mulancha tisra gut aala.
ustasene sisak II chya mulanna seent vincent conventchya bahininmadhye vikhurale, jeey purvi yugoslav "sokol" manoranjak samaj, rees saltworks aanee novi sisakchya shejarchya prathamik shaleshi sambandhit hote. teen varshankhalil mulanna mathat tabyat ghenyat aale, tarr chaar teey paach vayogatatil mulanna kharya kamanmadhye maryadit thevanyat aale. sisak dusra haah vaidya antun najjar yane deela hota. chhavanichya rakshakancha senapati haah fagget aadnav asaleli vyakti hotee. mahila ustase rakshakannihi shibirachya dekharekhimadhye bhag ghetala. german 'sicherhetsdienst' (ess. dii.) neey dekhil sisakala eka pratinidhi pathavala aanee german feeled gendarmsney done up-shibire aanee lagatchya railwaychya aaspas suraksha puravali.
shibirachi paristhiti aanee bachavkarya.
dyna budisavaljevik aanee itaransarkhya manavtavadi lokanchya prayatnannantarhi, kahee divasant sisak II yethe 40 paryant mulancha mrutyu jhaala. laal vadhune pathavalelya annachya pishavya mulanparyant kadhich pohochalya naheet. september 1942chya akheris, shibirat 4,720 mule hotee. asvachchatechi kharab paristhiti aanee kaljichya abhavamule mulanmadhye mrutyuche praman khoop jaast hote. mulanna jaminivar zopavale jaat hote aanee kuposhan aanee atisar mothya pramanat hote. 1942chya kalavadhit zagarebmadhil sansargjanya aajaransathi shaharatil rugnalayat dakhal jhalelya 162 mulanpaiki 145 mulancha mrutyu jhaala. anekanna yapurvi sisak yethe najarkaidet thevanyat aale hote. august aanee september 1942 madhye, assa andaj aahe qee sisak II madhye 3,971 baal kaidi hote. chhavanitil kahee mulanna pranghatak injection deuun thaar maranyat aale, jee swatah nazarne dilee hotee. vachalelyanchya mhananyanusar, itaranna castic soda ghaloon bhaat pajoon thaar maranyat aale. eka majee kaidyane tichi baheen "tivra taap aanee ulatya gheuun kashee khalee aalee" aanee vishari dudh pyayalyane ticha mrutyu jhaala yachee aathvan karoon dilee.
aine. dii. etch. chey adhikari antey dumbovic yanni eka ahwal lihila jyamadhye tyanni nondavale qee mulanchi kalji ghenyachya kamat asalelya nanana tyanchi navehi maheet navhati. yamule dambovikne mulanchya manevar dhatuchya pattya thevalya aanee tyanchi nave korali. sisak II yetheel kharab jeevan paristhitine dumbowicks anek nirikshakanna tasech croatian reed crosschya pratinidhinna dhakka basala. dambovikne aaplya cameas sisakmadhil paristhitiche dastaivajikaran kele, kahee mrut kinwa maran pavalelya aanee itar jaminivar nagna padaleli 755 chhayachitre kadhali. tyachya tapasanichya velee, dambovikala aadhalale qee shibirat 956 mulancha mrutyu jhaala hota, jyapaiki keval 201 mulanchi nave olakhata aalee. croatian reed crosshee sambandhit asalelya teen mahila-jaana koch, vera lucatic aanee luketikchi aaee dragica habazin-september 1942 madhye sisak II laa bhet dilee aanee najjarchi mulakhat ghetali. prathamik shaletil kahee atithi, jyanche varnan 'aajari' asey kele gele hote, tyanchya vyatirikt konatyahi kaidyala tras hott asalyache tyanni nakarle.
communist pratikarkanshi sambandhit svayamsevkandvare anek mulanchi sutka karnyat aalee, jyanna tyanna gharguti nokar kinwa shetmajur mhanoon nokri midali. bachavkarte anekada gupt kakshanmadhye sanketik navankhali kaam karat asat, shetjamininmadhun tasech sthanik kulinanchya gharanmadhye tyanchya upkramanche samanvay sadhat asat. sumare 2,200 mulanna zagarebmadhye punarvasan karnyat aale, tarr sisak aanee aaspaschya gavantil kutumbanni 1,630 mulanna chhavanitun vachavale. kahee prakarananmadhye, mulanna tyanchya palkankade kinwa jawalchya natevaikankade sodanyat aale, tarr itar anekanna palak dekharekhikhali thevanyat aale. ektar jabardastine dharmantar karnyachya aine. dii. etch. dhoranamule kinwa prayojaktemule, anekancha roman catholic vishvasat baptisma jhaala.
vighatan.
8 janewari 1943 roji, sisak dusra bund karnyat aala aanee urvarit baal kaidyanna zagreb yethe pathvanyat aale. bartrop aanee grimchya matey, tyachya astitvachya kalat, ekoon 6,693 serb, jyoo aanee roma mule sisak II madhoon gelee. pandhya rangat baal kaidyanchi sankhya 7,000 aahe. bartrop aanee grimnusar, shibirat 1,160 teey 1,500 mule maran pavali, mukhytah vishamajvaramule. pandhya lokancha andaj aahe qee 1,200 teey 1,600 mule upasamar, tahan, vishamajwar aanee durlaksh yamule maran pavali.
varsa.
itihaskar yelena subotic yanni sisakcha ullekh 'adviteey rakshasi' shibir mhanoon keela aahe. patrakar nikola vucobratovic yanni sisak II madheel mulanvaril vagnukiche varnan shaharachya itihasatil "sarvat mothya shokantikepaiki eka" asey kele aahe. 8 september 1946 roji, najjarla sisak dusra yethe jhalelya atyacharanmadhye sahbhagi asalyabaddal doshi tharvanyat aale aanee golibar pathkane tyala fashichi shiksha sunavali. aktoobar 2014 madhye, 1993 madhye 'schindlers list' yaa chitrapatachi nirmiti karnara holocastmadhun vachalela branco lustig, sisak chhavanichya piditanchya smaranarth aayojit samarambhat upasthit hota. "aamhala [aushwitzmadhye] mulanpramanech vaganuk dilee gelee... sisak, "lustigne tippani kelee. "tyanchyakade doctor hote, aamchyakade kuprasiddha doctor menzel hota."
yuddhanantar, jeey palak bachavale hote, tyanna richmadhye jabardastine shram denyat aale hote, teey yugoslaviala paratale aanee tyanchya mulancha shodh ghenyas suruvat kelee. sisak yethe tabyat ghetalelya pratyek mulachi mahitee asalelya budisavaljevichane thevalelya nondi, lokanchya sanrakshanasathi vibhagane (ozna) japt kelya aanee sarvajanik drushtikonatun thevalya, jyamule anek kutumbe punha ekatra yeu shakali naheet. itihaskar natasa matausik yanchya matey, sisaksarkhya shibiranmadhun dattak ghetalelya bahutek mulanna tyanchya jaivik kutumbambaddal kinwa tyanchya dattak ghenyachya paristhitibaddal kadhich mahitee jhaali nahee. itar, jase qee shibiratil vachalelya bozo judas yanni tyanche mool shodhun kadhalyanantarhi crot mhanoon olakhane suru thewale. "majhe jaivik palak jawaljawal nishchitpane serb hote, taree mea eka kuroop mhanoon kase olakhoo shakato, asey kahinni mallah vicharale aahe", asey judasne tippani kelee. "heey agadi sope aaheh majhya dattak crot vadilanshivay, mea jiwant nasato."sisakmadhun jaananya mulanmadhye milja toroman dekhil hota. tee tikoon rahili aanee nantar 'kozarkanka' navachya eka pratishthit yuddh chhayachitracha vishay bunley, jyakade yuddhanantarchya yugoslaviatil pakshapati pratikaranche prateek mhanoon mothya pramanat pahile gele.
1954 madhye rees saltworks yethe eka smarak pattikeche anavaran karnyat aale. 1964 madhye, drushya kalakar aanee shibiratoon vachalelya gabrijela collar yanchya 'apoorn khel' () yaa shirshakachya shilpache anavaran purvichya shibirsthalanpaiki eka thikani karnyat aale, jyache nantar sarvajanik udyan aanee khelachya maidanavar rupantar karnyat aale hote. "shaikshanik sanstha sanja horvatinsikchya matey, "ashee sankalpana jaanunbujun hotee aanee tee yuddhatoon vachalelyanna aanee tyaa thikanchya kroor itihasala tond denanya abhyagatanna santvan aanee aasha denyasathi hotee."apoorn khel' madhye saat mulanche chitran kele aahe jyanna collar swatah chhavanit tabyat asatana bhetali hotee. shibirat pran gamavalelya mulanchya kabari asalelya smashanbhumiche 1974 madhye bhudrushya tayar karnyat aale hote. mrut mulanchya smaranarth asalelya rais saltworks aanee sisak sanskrutik kendratil smarke, 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila, croatian swatantryayuddhadaramyan nasht karnyat aalee hotee. kolarche shilp vachavanyat aale, parantu tevhapasoon teey nasunamichya sthiteet aale aahe. mulanchya smashanbhumitahi asech kahise ghadale aahe. swatantryanantar croatiamadhye, sisak chhavanichya mukhya imaratiche chitrapatgruhat rupantar karnyat aale aanee tyache naav badaloon chrystal cube auph harfulness () asey karnyat aale.
2022 madhye, serbian orthodox charchane jastrebarsko mulanchya chhavanitil piditansah sisak II chya piditanna "jastrebarsko aanee sisakchya sant baal shaheed" mhanoon manyata dilee. pratisad mhanoon, zagrebchya roman catholic aarchdeeoseejne kulguru porphirije yanna eka patra pathavale, jyat mhatale aahe qee "yaa sandarbhat, serbian orthodox charchchya bishapsachya pavitra dharamsabha spashtapane vaktrutva aanee samyavadi prachar swikarat aahe, jeey khote aanee hatalanine bharalele aahe, jyadvare mulanchya kathit chhal aanee hatyesathi nirdosh lokanna dosh denyacha prayatna keela jaat aahe, jyapaiki hajaro, croatian kaithalikanchya prem aanee kaljimule, mrutyupasoon vachavale gele aanee katheen yuddhakalin paristhitit teey bachavale."