kashtalu abhijat

kostache kinwa costech erishiya (; janmane constantin chiriyakos erishiya;, "constantinos kyriakose eritius"; sankramankalin sirilikah coastanti aristia, "constantino erishiya"; 1800-18 april 1880) heey valakiyanmadhye janmalele kavee, abhineta aanee anuvadak hote, jeey sainik, shaley shikshak aanee paropkari mhanoon tyanchya karyansathi dekhil prasiddha hote. greek vasahaticha sadasya asalela, tyachi paugandavastha aanee suruvatiche tarunya heey donhi danubian sansthananmadhye helanikaranachya shikharavar asatanache hote. too pahilyanda bucharstmadhil 'sizamiya rosey' yethe manchavar disala aanee lady raloucha aashray banala. tine tyacha francecha pravas prayojit kelyacha dawa keela jaato, jithe abhijat varg french-joseph talmacha anukarankarta banala.
paratalyanantar, abhijat vargane greek rashtravadache kaaran sweekarle, philiki iteriyamadhye sameel houn pavitra bandsathi 'swatantryacha dhwaj' phadkavla. greek swatantryaladhyadarmyan too valakian aaghadivar ladhala aanee kadachit dragani yetheel parabhavasathi upasthit hota. ghika kutumbache khajgi shikshak mhanoon bucharstala paratanyapurvi, gilfordchya arlakadoon sanrakshn midvat too desh sodoon paloon gela aanee vividh european rajyanmadhye gela. abhijat vargane yaa sandhicha upayog natak aanee thet natake shikavanyasathi keela aanee asha prakare too roman rangbhumitil sarvat suruvatichya yogdankartyanpaiki eka banala. qalaa aanee fashionmadhye eka kalavishkarak, tyane aapali pratishtha tikavoon thewali, jaree vallesian greek varchasva nakarnyas aale. french shikanyasathi pathyapustake prakashit karane aanee sant seva mahavidhyalayat french aanee demotic greek yaa donhi goshti shikavane, tyanni tyanchya sanskrutik franchisationshi swatahla julavun ghetale.
regulatal organic" rajvatit, abhijat vargane iterist trop aanee roman rashtravad yanche mishran kele. too aayan heliad radulescucha anuyayi banala aanee philharmonic society sthapan karnyat madat kelee, jyane wallachian abhinetyanchi eka naveen pidhi tayar kelee-jyat coastech caragial aanee eoin curie yancha samavesh hota. jaree yaa kshetratil tyanchya swatachya prastavanvar mothya pramanat teeka jhaali aanee shevati teey nakarle gele, taree tyanni bhasheche aadhunikikaran karnyachya prayatnat yogdan dile. abhijat vargala tyachya vittorio alfiyerichya 'saul' chya anuvadane lokpriy kele gele, jeey rashtravadi jahirnama mhanoon duppat jhaale aanee tyane 'eliod' sadar kelyabaddal prashansa midavali; tathapi, rajkumar ghiorge bibescucci stutee kelyabaddal tyachi khilli udavali gelee. tyanni greechya rajyatil sanskrutik jivanatahi yogdan dile, jithe 1840 madhye tyanni tyanche ekmev natya karya prakashit kele.
abhijat vargane vargane valakian krantimadhye bhag ghetala, jevha national gardcha neta mhanoon tyane pratispardhi puranmatvadyanna atak kelee aanee 'regulatal organic' chya pratee sarvajanikaritya jaalalya. yaa virodhadarmyan, too swatah ottoman samrajyacha kaidi hota aanee shevati tyala valakiyatoon hakaloon denyat aale. barbu dimitri etirbeichya puranmatvadi rajvatishi samet karoon too 1851 madhye paratala aanee sanyukt rajyancha nagrik rahila. sant seva aanee nantar bucharest vidyapithatil tyanchya kamavar aanee eliodchi dusari aavrutti tayar karnyavar laksh kendrit karoon tyanni urvarit ayushya rajkaranapasun door thewale. tyanchya prakashit jhalelya shevatchya granthanpaiki baibal anuvad aahet, jeey british aanee paradeshi baibal societyshi karar karoon ghetale gele aahet.
charitra.
tarun.
abhijat varg 1800 madhye valesian rajdhani bucharest yethe janmala asey samanyatah manale jaate. kahee strotanmadhye tee tarikh 1797 paryant mage dhakalanyat aalee hotee, parantu abhijat vargatil natevaikanni heey achook asalyache nakarle. 1952 madhye, abhijat kutumbachya mulakhati ghenare lokkathakar dimitrios economides yanni assa yuktivad keela qee, ottoman samrajyachi rajdhani istanbulmadhye, "1800 chya sumaras" kostecha janm jhaala. tyachya janmachya velee, valleshiya aanee moldevia (done danubian rajye) heey ottoman samrajyache swayatt ghatak hote; greek sanskrutik varchasva aanee helanikaran, jeey pramukhyane fanriotsdware darshavile jaat hote, teey tyanchya "mahan shikharavar" hote. jaree vidwan petra ghiorge barleya yanni moolatah sugandhi mhanoon pahile asale, taree abhijatanni swatah namood kele qee, kiman tyanchya vadilanchya bajoone, teey eka "changle greek" hote. tyane valleshiyabarobarchya tyachya natyache varnan tyachya vadilanchya sallyanusar aichchhik ektrikaranachya drushtine keleh "phii greek see roman zadravn, phii recunoscatter" ("greek aanee roman mhanoon khambir raaha, krutadnya raaha"). greek sanskratit budalelya tyanna 1828 paryant likhit romaniyanchi aksharshah konatihi samaj navhati.
prince johnn carrada yaa fanriotchya karkirdit kostechane bucharstchya greek shalet pravesh keela. tethil tyachya shikshakanmadhye bhashashastradnya constantin varadalah yancha samavesh hota. sanshodhak aktav minarchya eka usheera aalelya ahavalanusar, 1815 purvi kadhitari bucharstala paratalyanantar abhijatane natakache shikshak mhanoon padarpan kele. tyachya pahilya pidhitil vidyarthyanmadhye roman natakkar ion luka caragiele yanche aajoba stephanos "nattis" caragiele yancha samavesh hota. padvi midvanyapurvi, abhijat swatah 'sizamiya rosey' yetheel khulya havamanachya karyakramasathi eka abhineta hota. 1817 chya vasant aanee sharad rututil yaa ghatananchi tarikh sanganare vidwan walter putchner, aitihasik nondinchya achukatevar prashnachinh upasthit karatat, heey lakshat gheuun qee teey tapashilanvar ekmekanshi virodhabhas karatat; sansmarankar aanee sanshodhak demetry papajoglu yanchya matey, 'sizamiya' pratyakshat 'digdarshak abhijat varg' dware vyavasthapit kele jaat hote. tyaa tappyavar, valleshiyamadhye abhinay karane haah eka serve-purushancha upkram hota aanee abhijat varg dragmadhye, mahila pramukh mhanoon disala. sizamiya' yaa pathakache prayojak karadjachi mulgi lady ralo hotee. vividh vruttannusar, tee abhijat vargachya pratibhene prabhavit jhaali aanee abhijat vargachya francois-joseph talma yanchya margdarshanakhali shikshan ghenyasathi tine tyala paradeshat, francechya rajyat pathavale. yaa davyacha tapasheel vadgrast aahe. sanshodhak eoin massoff nondavtat qee abhijatvarg kadhihi talmachya abhinay vargacha sadasya navhata, parantu tyachya karyakramancha fakt eka niyamit prekshak hota aanee tyanantar tyache anukaran karnara hota. putchner haah pravas kadhee jhaala qaa assa prashna vicharato, kaaran "[abhijat] parismadhye rahanyacha konatahi purava samore aalela nahee."
1821 chya greek uthavapurvi kulinanni greek rashtravadachya uddeshane morcha kadhala. tarun abhijat alekzandar yapsilantisachya gupt society, philiki eteriyamadhye sameel jhaale, jyane haloohaloo moldevia aanee valleshiyamadhye rashtravadi mohimechi rachana kelee. 1818 chya uttaradhat aanee 1819 chya suruvatila, alexandros sautzos yaa naveen rajkumarane abhijat varg aanee tyachya gatala rajkiy rangbhumichi kaame karanyachi parvanagi dilee, jyat 'pitrubhumisathi atyachar aanee aatmabalidanacha dvesh' chitrit keela gela-voltairne lihilelya 'laa mort dii cessor' aanee 'merop' pasoon teey 'icovakis rizos nerolos' chya 'espasia' paryant. tyanna "unmatt talhya, utsah aanee bharbharatichya bhavna" bhetalya. yaa swagatamule sautzos aswasth jhaala aanee tyane dharm aanee rajkiy babinvar teeka mhanoon samajalya jaau jaau serve natkanvar bandee ghalanyacha nirnay ghetala. tyaa gatane tyachyakade durlaksh kele, jyanni iterist katkaryanchya gatala adhik thet uttar dile; tyanni meey 1820 paryant voltaire aanee vittorio alfieri yanchya natakanchya chithavanikhor khelee suru thevalya, toparyant sthanik greek krantisathi purn tayareet hote.
abhijat varg bucharestmadhye iteristschi vaat pahat hota, jyavar tudor vladimirescuchya nishthavan sainyane kabja keela hota, jyanni roman lokanchya samantar uthawala netrutva kele hote. march 1821 chya madhyat, georgakis olympioschya netrutvakhali bucharestmadhil greekanni vladimireskoopeksha yapsilantisala pathimba denyache vachan dile. yaa karyakramat bucharestachya madhyavarti bhagat greek rashtravadache mothe pradarshan jhaale, jyache tapasheel constantin dii. yanni lihinyas vachanbaddha kele hote. arisasku, abhijat vargala dilelya tyachya mulakhatitun. abhinetyane 'swatantryacha dhwaj', mahan aanee helenala sthir darshavinare eka iterist prateek, eka cross aanee 'yaat, jink' yaa ghoshanesobat vahoon nele; samoril bajus tyachya rakhitoon eka phoenix ugavat asalyache dakhavale. bellu getwar zenda lavalyane samarambhachi sangata jhaali, jyane byzantiumchya bhavishyatil punarrachanechi purvakalpana mhanoon gardisamor ghoshana kelee. ahavalanusar, "shree. yanni dharan kelela dhwaj. nantar 'aristia' laa 'sawa fochianos' neey dekhil dattak ghetale, joou sarvat mothya chhavanichya bajula yapsilantisachya pavitra pattyat gela.
april-augustmadhye, yapsilantisachya sainyala ottoman sainyane vedhale aanee chiradale. vividh vruttannusar, abhijat vargane dagassani yetheel tyanchya antim ubhe rahoon, spiros dracolis yaa sahkari abhinetyachya bajoone, valakiyachya pavitra bandsobat ladha deela. austriyan samrajyat aashray milanyapurvi, tyaa yuddhbhumivar too gambhir jakhami jhaala hota. akheris too popchya rajyanmadhye sthayik jhaala, jithe tyane aapale shikshan chaloo thewale aanee italian rangbhumishi parichit jhaala. 1824 madhye kinwa tyachya aaspas niradhar mulansathi dharmaday karyakramanmadhye kaam kartana, teey lui duprey yanna bhetale, jyanni tyanche chitra kadhale. rome yethehi, abhijatvarg gilfordchya earlala bhetala aanee nantar tyala tyache ardh-palak sanrakshn midalyacha dawa keela. darmyan, kostacheche kharey vadil pahilya hellenic prajasattakasathi ladhanyasathi bharati jhaale hote aanee nantar misolongichya vedhyat tyancha mrutyu jhaala.
tyachya mool valleshiyala paratalyavar, abhijat vargala ghika kutumbatil tarun sadasyansathi khajgi shikshak mhanoon kaam midale-jyache kulguru grigor IV ghika yanni 1822 madhye vallesian simhasana ghetale hote. tyacha aashraydata, smrandita ghika yane tyala tichya sarvat changlya gharee greekmadheel neoclassical natake sadar karnyas sangitale. niyamitanmadhye bhavee rajkarani aanee sansmarankar, aayan ghika yancha samavesh hota, jyanna abhijat vargakadoon thet shikshanahi denyat aale hote. ghikanusar, abhijat vargane shirshak bhoomika swatahsathi rakhoon thevalya hotya, tarr smrandita aanee scarlett ghikamadhye sahayyak bhoomika hotya; tyanche poshakh bedd linnon aanee junya poshakhanpasun sudharit kele gele hote. ghika tyachya shikshakache varnan eka "mahakavya" aanee "agnimay" patra mhanoon karato, aanee 1822 nantar serve ottoman kapade takoon, abhijat varg dekhil telkots aadhunik pashchatya fashionla protsahan dett hota, asey namood karato.
yaa kalat abhijat varg aanee wallackian lekhak, aayan heliad radulescu yanchyatil pahila samanvay dekhil disun aala. nantarchyapasun prerit houn, 1825 madhye abhijat vargane molierchya 'george dandin' chee nirmiti aanee sadarikaran kele, jyamule tyache rupantar anathacharachya virodhat jahiranamyat jhaale. tyachya itar natakanchi anek bhashantare hounahi, molierche heey ekmev kaam aahe jeey valakiyamadhye manchavar aanale gele aahe. 1825 madhye dekhil, abhijatanni british corfula pravas keela aanee voltairchya "mahomat" chya swatachya greek sadarikaranat sadarikaran kele. gilfordne prayojit kelelya tyane shevati ionian akadamitoon padvi prapt kelee. tithe asatana tyane alfieriche 'oreste', 'agamemnon' aanee 'antigone', pitro metastasioche 'demofoonte' aanee jeane recinche 'andromake' sadar kele. putchner asehi namood karato qee abhijat varg akheris akadamimadhye varg shikavat asey.
arthshastrache arthshastradnya asey suchavatat qee 1827 madhye abhijat varg bucharestala paratala hota, franche shikshak mhanoon sant seva mahavidhyalayachya mahavidhyalayachya sameel jhaala hota; itar nondinusar too parismadhye hota, jithe abhijat vargane hellenic prajasattak sajare karnare stotra purn kele hote. too pratham 1829 madhye fermin dedotne prakashit keela. darmyan, ruso-turkey yuddhanantar automanvirodhi pravruttila manyata midali, jyane valleshiya aanee moldeviala "regulamental sendriya" sanvidhanadvare paribhashit kelelya aadhunikikaran vyavasthekhali thewale. tyanche stotra heliyadchya 'curierul romnesk' yaa vruttapatrane mahitipatrak mhanoon prakashit kele hote, jyane asha prakare roman rashtriy muktiche sanket dile. eosif hodosiuchya eka vruttanusar, grigor ghikachya hakalpattinantarchya madhyantarat, vastavik vyaparachya kalat abhijat varg manchavaril tyachya kamanmadhye paratala. tyachya "durpoke prayatnat" alfiyerichya "bruto" aanee "oreste" chya pradarshanancha samavesh hota, nantarche see. aaa. agists mhanoon rosetti ("itka naisargik kroorata darshavitana qee tyane janatela aanee agadi tyache shikshak, abhijat vargalahi ghabaravale").
philharmonic society.
abhijat vargache roman rashtravadat kinwa "roman rashtriy samudayachya aadarshanmadhye" jhalele rupantaran, itihaskar nikole isar yanni aatmasat jhalelya greek pidhisathi anukaraneey asalyache namood kele aahe. greek prabhawala upekshit mantramugdha french sanskratichya prachand pratishthemule kaveela suruvatila dhoka hotah jeane alekzandar valentne sthapan kelelya naveen french shalemadhye tyane vidyarthi gamavale. tathapi, tyanni tyanchya swatachya french sahityik parshvabhoomicha fayda uthavun bharpai dilee. asha prakare 1831 madhye prakashit jhalelya heliyadchya 'mahomet' chya roman aavruttimadhye yogdan denare mhanoon tyala shrey dile jaate. tyachi sanskruti asoonahi, abhijat vargane 'iterist natyamay sangrah' chya mukhya goshtinchi jahirat karane suru thewale, jyat 'mahomet' aanee laurd byronchya 'korinthala vedha' yaa donhi goshtincha samavesh hota. november 1832 pasoon, mukhyadhyapak petrache poenaru yanni sant sawa yethe french aanee lokshahi greek shikavanyasathi abhijat vargala niyukt kele. tyane natakache anaupacharik vargahi dile aanee rosetti aanee aayan emmanuel florescu yancha samavesh asalelya vidyarthi nirmitichi malika kelee; yaa darmyan, rosettine swatahla eka atishay pratibhavan kalakar mhanoon ughad kele.
abhijat vargane eoin tudor curie yaa sarvat mothya janmalelya shokantikacha shodh lavala aanee tyala protsahan dile. fashionver tyacha prabhav kayam rahilah bahutek vidyarthi, sarvat mahattvache mhanje, curie aanee coastech mihayalanu, tyanchya shikshakanchya pratyek vagnyache anukaran karat asat. abhijat vargamule, abhinetyanchya eka pidhine 'zapatalelya aanee zapatalelya', tyanche cases lamb ghatale aanee 'zapatalelya' galya ghatalya. tyaa varshatil vidyarthyanmadhye nattis caragielecha mulga, coastech caragiele, jyane 1835 madhye curiecha understudy mhanoon padarpan kele, yancha samavesh hota. swatah curine dilelya vruttanusar, abhijat varganech aniyamit natya varganna adhik sanrachit natya klabmadhye rupantarit karnyasathi pudhakar ghetalah "teey prasiddha kalakar, eka changle chitrakar, eka vastuvisharad, eka shilpkar, eka kavee hote. pratyek goshtibaddal tyachyakade uttam, thos kalpana hotya. tyala eka shastriy natyagruh havey hote; tyane greek bhikshunchya granthalayanmadhye, jeey bucharst yethe upasthit hote, arab aanee jyoo veshbhusha naate pustakancha shodh gheuun pudhe sarkala aanee yaa pracheen namunyanmadhun tyane natyagruhache kapade tayar kele, teey swatah chikat kapadapasoon ekatra shivale, [aanee] aitihasikdrushtya achook drushya tayar kele. abhijat vargala boar kulinavargakadun protsahan midale, jyanni eka shikshak mhanoon tyachya "kamgirichya chamatkarambaddal" aikale hote, parantu russian governor-general, pavel kiseliyovkadunhi. sabhanche vishay rajkiy nasalele asavet yachee khatri karnyasathi kiseliyov abhijat vargala bhetala, tyanantar tyane tyacha vaiyaktik aashirvad deela.
1833 paryant, abhijat varg haah udarmatvadi mandalanmadhye niyamit jhaala hota, tyachya shishya ghika aanee itar tarun vicharvantanna bhetala hota. heliads tyanni eka philharmonic society sthapan kelee. tyanni philharmonic societychi eka shakha asalelya natya shalet abhinay aanee vaktrutvatil varg aayojit kele. balkanmadhye vyavsayik abhinayasathi astitvat asaleli hii pahili shikshan sanstha hotee. majee vidyarthyanmadhye kailiopi caragiale, ralita mihayalanu aanee euphrosina popescu yaa teen valleshiyachya agraganya abhinetrincha tasech bhavishyatil natakkar demetry see. yancha samavesh hota. olenescu-escanio. 1 november 1835 pasoon, abhijat aanee tyacha margdarshak heliad heey tyachya mukhpatra 'gazetta titrului' chey sampadak hote. tyaa varshi, tyanni french vyakaranavaril eka pathyapustak dekhil prakashit kele, jeey 1839 madhye 'prescartere daad grameratic francozasca' mhanoon punarmudran karnyat aale. too charles piyare chapsal aanee francois-joseph-michel noel yanchya 'novell grammer frankeis' varr jawalun aadharit hota. tyanantar tyanni french bhashetil abhyaskramanchi malika suru kelee, jyat eka vakyansh pustak aanee jeey. chaa anuvad samavisht aahe. vilmache naitik kathanche pustak.
paradeshi lokanni sadar keleli philharmonic natake-1835 madhye coastech fakachya 'komodiya vremi' chey kathit sadarikaran haah yaa niyamala apavad hota. 'mahom' haah lokanmadhye aavadata hota-abhijatvarg tyat disala nahee, parantu eka pracharak mhanoon kaam karat hota. hodosiuchya matey, yaa natkasah philharmonicala "atulaneey" yash midale, jyamule gut 2,000-duckett bajetvar avalambun rahoo shakel yachee khatri jhaali. august wonn kotzebyuchya "gair-paropkar aanee pashchattap" chya babatit hote tyapramane itar nirmitini puranmatvadi sanvedanshilatemadhye bharr ghatali. yamule barbu katargyune heey sanganyas pravrutt kele qee philharmonic "naitikatechi shaala" mhanoon seva denyachya tyachya ghoshit dhyeyat ayashasvi jhaale aahe. abhijat vargache tyanantarche kaam alfiyerichya 'saul' aanee 'virginia' chey bhashantar hote, jeey suruvatila tyach samajane tayar kele hote. too kadhihi chhapala gela nahee, parantu 1 december 1836 roji eka karyakramacha aadhar mhanoon kaam kele. tyane molierche 'jabardastine lagn' tayar kele, parantu chhapanyat too kadhich yashasvi jhaala nahee.
1837 madhye, abhijatanni homarchya 'eliod' chee tyanchi aavrutti dekhil prakashit kelee, jyat lekhakache tyanche laghupat samavisht hote. prakashit aavruttit abhijat vargachya nondi dekhil hotya, jyat tyachya suruvatichya tikakaranna uttare dilee gelee hotee, jyanna too 'therasites' mhanato. vallachiyacha shasak alekzandru dusra ghika yaa karyabaddal utsahi hota aanee tyane abhijat vargala tyachya serve prajansathi vyakt kelelya abhinandanansah sadar kele. yache kadhikadhi roman bhashetil pahile "eliod" bhashantar mhanoon varnan kele jaate; kahee purave asey suchavatat qee moldeviachya eleku beldimanne aanakhi eka see. aii. tayar kele hote. 1820 madhye, iordech golescoone dekhil eka tukadi aavrutti lihili.
"saul' heey samajache aanakhi eka mothe yash hoteh teey deshbhaktipar natak mhanoon duppat jhaale, jyaa sandeshansah natyagruhat natyagruhat lokanna russian samrajyachya tabyat vidhvansak hetu asalyache samajale. russian rajdutanni santap vyakt keela aanee nirmiti sthagit karnyat aalee. alekzandru dusra yala asalela lakshaniy virodh aanee aarthik adthalyanni adthalyanni suruvatichya mahinyant philharmonic samajacha ant keela. abhijat vargatil vidyarthyanni ashach prakarche prakalp haatee ghenyacha prayatna keela, parantu samanyatah teey swatahla pratyaksh karkird nirman karnyat ayashasvi tharale. apavadanmadhye coastech caragiale, jyanna moldeviamadhil botosani yethe rojgar miloo shakala, tasech euphrosina popescu aanee ralita mihayalanu, jeey 1870 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant bucharestmadhil aaghadichya mahila hotya, yancha samavesh hota. meey 1837 paryant, abhijat vargane swatah moldeviala pravas keela hota, heliadsobat networking tripver gela hota aanee donhi sansthanmadhil asahmat vicharvantanmadhil prayatnanmadhye samanvay sadhanyachi aasha hotee. tyanchya kaviteche namune mihel kogalnisanuchya 'alauta romanesca' yaa punaravalokanat ghetale gele.
gharee ghika rajvatine kaveenna prashansa dene suru thewale. 1838 madhye, 'sardar' mhanoon tayar jhalyanantar tyache balpanat swagat karnyat aale; janewari 1836 madhye tyane roman lucita margritescushi lagn kele hote. tyaa sumaras, abhijat varg bucharstchya lutheran charchchya (luterrana street) eka bajula eka townhousemadhye rahat hota, jithe tyane shaharatil pahili rajya-manjur mulinchi shaala dekhil aayojit kelee hotee. tyache sasare, "sardar" eoin mergritescu yanni yaa jodpyala gulestychya anigamit parisarat eka drakshamal aanee 35,000 theller kimatichi vividh malmatta dilee. coastech aanee lucitacha pahila mulga mulga hota, joou vayachya teenavya varshi mrutavasthet sapadala; 1842 madhye tyanna eka mulgi, abhijat abhijat, janmali.
abhijat vargachi abhinayshaili, jee ajunahi talma varr mothya pramanat avalambun hotee, tee nammatra vastavadi kinwa "kahishi naisargik" hotee, kaaran tee paryayavar avalambun hotee. tathapi, tyane aaplya vidyarthyanna atishayokti karnyas bhag padale, jyamule teey spardhetil thakvyaparyant 'aswasth houn chiradale'. december 1837 madhye 'saul' madhye mukhya bhoomika sakaranyasathi curiela parat bolavanyat aale aanee tyane asha karunamayatene kaam kele qee too beshuddha padala. doctoranni rakt kadhanyasathi hastakshep keela, jyamule heliodne asey mhatale qee curine "roman rangbhumichya sanmanasathi tyache rakt sandale". ghikachya darbaratil kahijan yaa ghatanene prabhavit jhaale aanee tyanni 'samrat' curiechya tabyetichi chaukashi kelee. jaree janewari 1838 pasoon heey natak punha tayar houu shakale aanee moldeviatil caragialechya chamoone dekhil ghetale, taree mothya adthalyanmule heliad aanee abhijat varg yanchya karyat vyatyay aala. hodosiune dilelya vruttanusar, alekzandru dusaracha vadhata matsar naate, parantu samajatil sangharshanmulehi, "apratyaksh chhal" mule abhijat vargache kaam punha thapp jhaale. ironimo momolone tyachya natyagruhavaril bhadepatti sampavali tevha philharmonic kaam thambale.
ethansacha sthayik pravas aanee 1848 chee kranti.
1839 paryant, rajkumar ghikane heliyadche rajkiy upekshitkaran kele hote; ajunahi sarvajanikaritya ghoshit karnare keval done heliad nishthavant poenaru aanee abhijat hote. tyaa mahinyant, puranmatvadi shaley shikshak eoin myorescoone valakiyachya shaikshanik vyavasthevar savistar teeka prakashit kelee, jyamule abhijat vargala tyacha bachav karnyas pravrutt kele. tyaa sumaras, abhijat varg aanee curie greek rajyachya natya natya gele, jithe tyanni eka philodramatic society sthapan kelee. greek lokanna sambodhit kelela tyacha sanskrutik jahirnama 25 september 1840 roji prakashit jhaala. tyala tyacha margdarshak rizos nerolos tasech padchyut rajkumar johnn carradja yanchyasah ethansmadhye sthalantarit jhalelya itar majee iteristscha twarit pathimba midala. abhijat vargacha majkoor haah raja otochya paradeshi darbari lokanchya pasantichya melodramavar teeka karnara hota, jyamule tyanchya prakalpanna virodh jhaala; tyanni abhijat vargachya pratispardhi theodoros orphanidisla protsahan dile. abhijat aanee yaa mandalane ethansmadhye keval ekach natak sadar kele asey olakhale jaate. heey vincenzo montiche 'aristodemo' hote, jyache tyanni swatah greekmadhye bhashantar kele; 24 november 1840 roji tyacha pratham pradarshan jhaala. eka aakhyayikenusar, abhijat vargane 'punarjanm ghetalelya heladachya tyaa striyanna tyachya abhinayachya vastavadane itake ghabaravale qee kahijan fakt beshuddha padale."
1840 madhye, ethensmadhil eka chhapkhanyane abhijat vargache ekmev mool natak, shokantika 'αρMοδιος και άριστογείτων' ('harmonius aanee abhijat') prakashit kele. autonian rajvatibaddal asamadhani asalelya lekhakane khajgiritya kabool kele qee tyala 'tyaa changlya dashian lokanmadhye', valakiala nishchitpane paratanyachi ichcha hotee. aktoobar 1843 purvi tyanni asey kele aanee poenaruchya 'invatorul satului' yaa vartmanpatrache saha-sampadak mhanoon kaam kele. valleshiyachya snyagovanu shikshit karnyachya uddeshane heey pahile prakashan hote aanee grameen shalandvare tyache vitaran kele gele. abhijat vargakade 'naitik katha', 'datorial omului' ('manasachi kartavye') yaa swarupat swatacha stambh hota, joou kadhikadhi mircia daad elder aanee matee basarabchya kalatil aitihasik prasanganpasun prerit hota. sattevar asalelyanni anyay aanee gairavapar kelyabaddal gambhir tippanya deuun, yaa paryayanni "kayada aanee roman sopavanyachi kaljipurvak pratidnya" kelee."darmyan, curine french paradeshi sainyasathi swakshari karoon aaplya mayadeshi naan paratanyacha nirnay ghetala; nantar too moldeviamadhye sthayik jhaala.
tyaa varshant valakiyatil rajkiy badalasathi abhijat vargatil utsah dekhil disun aalah 1843 madhye tyane 'prinsul roman' ('daad romanian prince') prakashit keela, jyamadhye alikadil sansthanachya nivadanukitil vijeta ghiorge bibeskusathi encomiumcha samavesh aahe. tyanantar, 1847 madhye 'marika bibescu' varr 'domna maria' ('lady maria') yaa navane ashach prakarche kaam prakashit jhaale. 1845 madhye tyanni french vyakaranavaril tyanchya karyachi tisari aanee vistarit aavrutti dekhil tayar kelee hotee. tarihi too udarnirvahasathi dhadpadat hota. 1847 paryant, tyachi done sarvat mothee ghare tyachya karjdaranni ghetali hotee aanee lucita yane teela tichya hunda milanyas pratibandh keela hota. sansthananmadhye tyancha sahbhag asoonahi, bibscoochya sapeksh rudhivadala virodh mantramugdha abhijat vargala chhavanit dhakalale jaat hote. aata too romanian rashtriy chalvalit "purnapane ekatmik" jhaala, udarmatvadi shadyantrakari samajacha sadasya mhanoon udayas aala, "frashiya". itihaskar mircia birtz asey gruheet dharato qee tyala roman freemationarymadhyehi suruvat jhaali hotee, parantu nond karate qee sanghatnene swatah kadhihi tyachyavar dawa keela nahee. itihaskar dumitru popovisichya matey, abhijat vargala tyachya anasaktapanacha krantikari aadarshanshi kassa sangharsh hoto yachee jaaniv hotee; caragial aanee sezar boliyak sarkhya, tyane sthanikanshi asalele tyache naate naate "bhavya havbhav" dware bharpai dilee.
juuna 1848 madhye valakian krantichya kshanik vijaysah kavee tyachya rajkiy pramukhateparyant pohochala. mool uthavadarmyan, tyane bucharstchya nagarikanmadhye "krantikari stotre" vachoon aandolan kele. bibescuchya hakalpattinantar, tatpuratya sarkarne rashtriy rakshak dall sthapan kele aanee tyacha senapati nivadanyasathi eka spardha aayojit kelee. papajoglu aathavato qee abhijat varg haah pahila rakshak senapati hota, jyala sarvat changlya nagarikanni filaretachya maidanavar stutee karoon nivadle. itar nondi suchavatat qee abhijat vargane swatahla umedvar mhanoon sadar kele, parantu sarkari aavadatya scarlett kretuleskookadun parabhoot jhaala aanee keval eka bucharstchya paach sanrakshn samityansathi tyachi niyamit sadasya mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. eriseskoochya matey, abhijat aanee nikola teologoola janatecha pathimba hota, jeey cretulescuchya nivadicha nishedh karnyasathi philaret yethe jamale hote. yamule roman "arajakte" viruddha ghoshana karoon tyanchi ninda karnyas pravrutt kele; erisekoone vachalyanusar, dastaivajat heey siddha jhaale qee abhijat varg aanee teologu heey heliad shishya mhanoon, rosetty aanee itar "demagogs" peksha qamee davya vicharsaraniche hote, jeey bahutek krantikari mantrimandal tayar karat hote.
7 julai roji (junya shailitah 25 juuna), creulescoone rajinama deela, aanee abhijat vargasathi aapali jaaga mokali kelee. papajogluchya matey, rashtriy rakshakache sampoorn vibhag keval kagdavar astitvat hote. jeey astitvat hote, tyat tyanchya kamachya ganveshatil shaharatil sanghanche niyamit sadasya hote, jeey tyanchya kharab lashkari prashikshanamule lokanche manoranjan karat asat. eka krantikari adhikari mhanoon tyachya kalat, abhijat vargane swatah bibescu nishthavantanvar bandee ghalanyas madat kelee. heliedchya matey, pratikriyavadi neta eoin solomanla "national gardmadhil curnell constantin abhijatanni pakadale, jyanna lokancha motha aatmavishvas labhala". heliodcha dawa aahe qee abhijat vargane solomanla jawalpasachya linchingpasoon vachavale aanee sernica yethe tyala sanrakshanatmak turungvasacha aadesh deela. krantikari sudbuddhiche aanakhi eka lakshya grigor lakustianu hote, jyanchya aatmacharitranmadhye abhijat (aataparyant eka moorkh abhinay prashikshak) aanee eka apoloni, tyanchya datanna sashastr, tyanchya topi pankhanne sushobhit asalelya, yanchyashi jhalelya chakmakichi aathvan yete."lakustianu asehi dawa karato qee tyane sahajpane abhijat vargala fasavoon tyala eka mitrasobat rahanyachi parvanagi dilee, jyane tyala kayamswarupi 'aaa' asey mhatale. kharey tarr, pratyaksh turungat halavanyaivaji.
tyanantar thodyach velat, abhijatanni rajinama deela aanee tyanchya jaagi teologu ghenyat aala. too rakshakansobat bharati rahila, tyachya naveen senapatila punarrachanesathi madat karat rahila. nantarchya eka nondinnusar, abhijat vargane ilfov kaunticha (jyat bucharstcha samavesh hota) krantikari pramukh mhanoonahi kaam kele. "julai 1848 pasoon kattarpanthi nikole balsescu yanni digdarshit kelelya 'envatatorul satului' yaa chitrapatane kaveela tyachya sampadakiy pathakat niyukt kele. teen muddyanvar, tyane tyacha nirlajj rajkiy nibandh, 'deprey libertate' ('aun friedam') prakashit keela. septembermadhye, krantine swatah adhik aamulagra valan ghetaleh 18 september roji (oo. ess.: 6 september), 'regulatal organic' aanee 'arhandologia' (shirshake aanee padanchi nond) sarvajanikaritya jaalanyat aalee. abhijat varg aanee boliyak yaa karyakramat sahbhagi jhaale aanee tyanni 'agnimudrit bhashane' dilee."curnell woinescu, puranmatvadi sansmarankar yanni dilelya vruttanusar," "hasyaspad vidambana" "purnapane eka greek mansane aayojit kelee hotee, mhanje see. abhijat ". voenescu museh "asha krutyala aapan kaay mhanoo? konatya rashtrane swatahla kahee naveen banavnyapurvi swatachya kayadyanna kadhihi aag lavali aahe! parantu yaa pradarshanacha mukhya neta greek hota yaa dnyanat kahee santvan aahe."
turungwas, nirvasana aanee paratava.
kattartavadakade valane shevati eka naveen ottoman hastakshepane rokhale gele, jyamule kranti purnapane sampushtat aalee. kabja dalacha neta mhanoon, mehmed fuad pashane krantikarakanchi ferrerchna karnyache aadesh dile. aristiyala kotroseni mathat qaid karnyat aale hote, jeey turungatil loksankhyecha eka bhag hote jyat balsescu, boliyak, rosetti, aayan see yancha dekhil samavesh hota. bratianu, etephan golescu, isofat snyagovanu aanee itar anek; demetry ghika sarkhya ghatananmadhye qamee guntalelya lokanna samajat parat sodanyat aale. 24 september roji, fuad aanee constantin cantacuzino yanni valakiyatoon abhijat varg aanee itar bandkhoranna haddapar karnyachya aadeshavar swakshari kelee. tyachya nirvasana pravasacha prarambhik tappa haah tyachya sahkari kavee-krantikari demetry bolintinanu, tasech boliyak, snyagovanu, etephan golescu, nikole golescu, alekzandru golescu-albu aanee grigor gradishtenu yanchyasamvet danubeparyant boat trip hota. videenchya baher, abhijat vargala 'saul' vachoon vel ghalvayacha hota, tyachya turkey rakshakane tyala khalee padnyapurvi-rangbhumishi aparichit, tyala bheeti vatat hotee qee abhijat varg veda jhaala aahe.
eka vruttanusar, abhijat vargala itar kattarpanthi lokansobat fashi dilee jaanar hotee, parantu tyala 'farman' midale aanee too tyachya bhavee fashi fashi pohochanyapurvich tyacha majkoor sudharit karnyat too saksham hota. itar ahavalanmadhye united kingdamchya mutsadyanchya hastakshepachi nond aahe, jyat effingham grantcha samavesh aahe, jyanna bheeti hotee qee abhijat varg aanee itar lock istanbulmadhye ottoman kaidi mhanoon sampatil kinwa russiananchya tabyat jaatil. octobermadhye, anudanane, teey "atyant dayaneey sthiteet" asalyache lakshat gheuun, vidinjaval bandhakanchi bhet ghetali. shevati abhijat vargala itar nirvasitansah varchya bajula sumare 160 kilometervar asalelya adaa kaleh yethe nenyat aale, jithe krantikarkanni semlinchya madhyamatoon austriyan pradeshat pravesh karnyasathi vataghati kelya-parinami, kothaditun sutka. akheris, haah gut sthanik roman lokanchya niyantranakhalil banatchya grameen bhagat bhagat aala, jyanni hungarian krantikarkanpasun austriyan karyacha bachav keela; snyagovanu snyagovanu patvoon denyat yashasvi jhaala qee naveen aalele, jaree krantikarak nirvasit asale taree, hungarian lokanche mitra navhate aanee tyanna surakshit vartan dile jaau shakate.
pravasacha dusra bhag abhijat vargala ione ionescu dii laa brads austriyan transylvaniamadhye gheuun gela. nantarchya vyaktine 1850 madhye aathvan karoon dileeh "mallah yaa pranyasah [abhijat] danubever 40 divas ghalavanyache durdaiv hote aanee nantar brasovla jaat asatana aamhi heliad aanee fanriotswar zapatalelya majhyashi jawaljawal kusti kelee."heliyadchya krantinantarchya gatacha eka vachanbaddha samarthak, abhijat varg uttarottar brasov, parris, istanbul aanee ethens yethe rahat asey. februwari 1849 madhye, heliad aanee abhijat vargasah "tatpurte sarkari sadasya aanee roman sthalantaritanchya pratinidhinni", pramukhyane frankfurt sansadela sambodhit kelelya nishedh patravar swakshari kelee, jyat wallachian rajkiy jeevanat russian ghuskhorila aantarrashtriy virodh karanyachi magani kelee gelee. tyanni thampane sangitaleh "udatt bandar aanee [tyaa] swayatt romananchya upanadya mhanoon, ottoman darbaraprati tyanchya serve serve purn kelyanantar, aata fakt turkey swatantryat swarasya asalelya shaktinchya sanrakshanakhali swatahla thevu shakatat."
eliciane nirvasit sahkari balcescusobatchya sangharshat heliyadcha bhag ghetala, jyane krantikarak karanasathi gola kelelya nidhicha apavyay kelyacha aarop keela. julai 1849 madhye, russian aanee ottoman sarkaranni eka samaik tharavat, 'valakiyachya vikaranmadhye sahbhagi jhalelya' 34 vyaktinmadhye tyanche naav hote aanee jyancha konatyahi eka sansthetil pravesh baljabarine rokhala jaanar hota. alekzandru golescu-arapilachya ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee meey 1850 madhye abhijat varg viennamadhye adakala hota, aarthik "chukenantar" tyacha european pravas suru thevu shakala nahee. tyach lekhadvare namood kelyapramane, asha prasanganmule abhijat vargala krantikari kakshanchi aarthik paristhiti avastav shabdat sadar karnyapasoon aanee chamatkaranche ("monts ett marvels") vachan denyapasun rokhata aale nahee. kaveene griscadoon naisargikatecha prastav nakarla hota aanee tyaeivaji too heliyadchya udaharanache anusaran karnyacha aanee ottoman lokanchi seva suru karnyacha prayatna karat hota; yaa karanastav, too rushukala gela.
abhijat vargane dekhil valleshiyamadhye parat yeu denyasathi bharpur prayatna kele-bibescucha bhau barbu dimitri etirbei toparyant deshacha rajputra hota. julai 1850 paryant, abhijat vargane, tyala aanee tyachya patnila maaf karave ashee magani karat, astirbei aanee tyachya ottoman paryavekshakanna anek patre lihili hotee. yaa patranmadhun asey disun yete qee tyane done mule daphan kelee hotee aanee tyala eka jiwant mulgi hotee, abhijat abhijat, "yaa jagatil majhe ekmev bhagya"."tirbeine tyala manjuri dilee aanee 13 september roji tyala aanee tyachya kutumbala seema olandanyachi parvanagi denara eka aadesh jaaree karnyat aala; tyanni 1851 madhye tase kele. aata tyane rashtriy natyagruh buchestcha namuna sthapit karnyat madat kelee. 31 december 1851 roji, tyaa sansthene tayar kelelya natkachya pahilya nirmitimadhye, coastech caragieles tyanni bhag ghetala. kutumb gulesty yetheel tyanchya gharee parat gele, jithe tyanni tyanchya drakshamalyachi kalji ghenyas suruvat kelee aanee anek valuchya khanee ughadalya. vividh kharedimule malmattechi vaadh jhaali, parantu abhijat vargane kahee bhukhand qamee utpann asalelya kutumbanna daan kele.
1853 madhye abhijat varg 'sateanul crestin' ('khrishchan gavkari') yaa naitik kathanchya malikesah chhapanyasathi paratala. tyat rajkumari-patni, elisabeta cantacuzino-etirbei yanna samarpan kele gele. aktoobar 1854 madhye suru jhalelya etirbeichya etirbeichya karkirdit abhijatvarg sakriy rahila. tyach varshi, tyachya vikhuralelya kavita grovardenchya roman lokanni mandalelya panchangat gola kelya. kahee kalasathi september 1855 madhye rajkumarane abhijat vargala aapale rajya granthapal banavanyacha vichar keela. 1856 madhye crimean yuddhane russian hastakshep sampavalyanantar, alekzandru dusra ghikane tyala tech padd dile aanee too 'chemacum' (karbhari) banala. 1857-1858 madhye, too aanee caroll valstein, navodit valachian rashtriy sangrahalayache karmchari mhanoon, peramadhye nirvasanat maran pavalelya chitrakar aanee krantikari vyakti barbu iskoveskoone varasdar mhanoon dilelya kalechi punarprapti aanee sathavan karnyasathi kaam karat hote. "settenul crestin" nantar 1857 madhye plutarkchya "samantar jeevana" madheel pahila khand aala, jyat dominic recordchya charitratmak nibandhacha samavesh hota. foya pentru minte, enema see literchura" yanni kelelya ghoshanet tyanni spasht kelyapramane, yaa upkramane tyanna mageel chaar varshanpasun grassley hote. tyache majee shatru scarlat kreulesku aanee tyache ekekaliche philharmonic sahkari eoin campinenu yaa done vallesian shikshan mantryanni dilelya anudanalahi tyane tyachya yashache shrey dile.
antim upkram.
aapale sahityik upkram punha suru karat asatana, abhijat vargane roman cyrillic varnalekhanasah sahityik darjachya abhavamule anuvadak mhanoon aaplya kamat nirash asalyache ghoshit kele. tyane haah upkram sodoon denyacha vichar keela. 1857 madhyehi, british aanee paradeshi baibal societyne (bii. eff. bii. ess.) sampark sadhalyanantar, abhijat vargane roman baybalvar kaam karnyas suruvat kelee, jyasathi tyane 'keey' hii swakshari ghetali. abhijat varg ". tyane 'navintam greek aavrutti' vaparali, jee masoretic majkurachya viruddha satyapit kelee gelee. utpatti aanee isaiah yanchyatil serve majkuracha samavesh asalele teen khand 1859 madhye 'biblia sacra' mhanoon prakashit jhaale. samantar, tyacha 'eliod' haah eudoxiu hurmuzachine midavalelya heey duchy auph bukovinaparyant pohochala hota; yaa aavruttit, bhavishyatil kavee mihai eminescula homarchya karyashi parichit karoon denyat madat jhaali. tathapi, abhijat vargane tyacha swatacha anuvad nakarla aanee toparyant eka naveen anuvad tayar keela hota, joou shevati 1858 madhye prakashit jhaala.
janewari 1859 madhye, aadhunik romaniyache kendrabindu mhanoon, valleshiya prabhavipane moldeviamadhye sanyukt sansthananmadhye villin karnyat aale. yaa naveen rajvatit, sant sawa yethe french aanee greek bhasheche shikshak mhanoon abhijat vargala punha pushti midali, jaree kahee nondi asehi suchavatat qee tyanni 1860 teey 1865 yaa kalat fakt ghiorge lazar vyayamshalet greek shikavale. 1859 madhye dekhil, abhijat vargane tyanche antim mool kavya, 'cantare' prakashit kele. eka anathalayatil mulanchya drushtikonatun lihilelya yaa lekhamadhye sangitkar aanee paropkari vyakti elissa blairemberg yancha sanman karnyat aala. tyachi sthitee qamee hott hotih 1850 chya dashkaparyant, tyachi aanee talmachi abhinay shaili adhik vastavadi shaledvare chitrapatgruhanmadhun kadhoon takali jaat hotee, jyache pramukh pratipadak matee milo aanee mihel pascally hote. 1860 madhye, bii. eff. bii. ess. neey abhijat vargasobatcha aapala karar sampushtat aanala, joou satat satat nidhichi magani karat hota aanee jyachi mukt jivanshaili sthanik dharmpracharkanni apriy mhanoon pahili hotee. pii. rashtriy abhilekhanchya tulescoone tyanna constantine mavrocordatoschya kalapasoon greek valachian kagadpatranche anuvadak mhanoon niyukt kele. itihaskar nikole iorgane namood kelyapramane, haah upkram abhijat vargachya pratibheshi julato, kaaran too 'kahitari' madhye changla hota (iorgchya trikoni).
1864 madhye, coastech aanee lucita abhijat varg stager rastyavar rahat hote. tyanni swatahla "hellenic moolche, roman janmalele aanee khrishchan rudhivadi dharmache" ghoshit kele. tyach varshi tyachi mulgi aristiyane jivashastradnya dimitri ananeskushi lagn kele; lahan alekzandrin hii 1871 pasoon alekzandru radoo vardalahachi patni hotee. sant sevechya parivartananantar, kostache yanna bucharstchya naveen vidyapithat eka adhyaksh niyukt karnyat aale, parantu tyanni tyanchya shishya epaminonda frankudichya bajoone rajinama deela. 1870 chya dashakat tyachya gulesty drakshamalyacha kahee bhag roman rajyane tabyat ghetala.
tyachya aayushyachya shevatchya done dashakanmadhye abhijatvarg mothya pramanat nishkriy hota. april 1867 madhye, tyanni jockwin bastuschya 'tratado dii declamacion' yaa pustikechya anuvadadvare adhik kathor abhinay sadar karnyachya constantin demetriedchya prayatnanna manyata dilee. tyach varshi too disala, parantu too "kantalvane, guntaguntiche aanee patkan kalbahya jhalele" asalyache siddha jhaale."eka apavad mhanje 1868 saalee" "ettenul roman" "sathee lihilela lekh, jyamadhye tyane roman kaviteche shastriy shatkanki aksharanshi rupantar karnyasathi moheem rabavali hotee". tyach varshi, boliyakchya 'trompetta carpetiller' yaa vruttapatrane roman roman abhijat vargane kelelya 'eliod' chya sampoorn anuvadala, tyachya antim prakashanasah, prayojak karnyas sangitale. yaa bhoomikekade mothya pramanat durlaksh kele jaat hote, jyane 'junemia' chya bhovati tayar kelelya naveen sanskrutik mukhya pravahadvare, jyane adhik naisargik namunyanchya bajoone lattin gadyansh sodanyas anukulata darshavali. convorbirry literer" chya februwari 1876 chya ankat, "junimist" etephan vergolisi yanni abhijat vargachya kahee ganyanche varnan "atishay kharab likhit aanee atishay white prakare talbaddha" asey kele aahe. yaa gatane tyachya sadasya aay. oo. aii. aine. dii. yanni puravilyapramane, "eliod" chya qamee dhong mantramugdha aavruttila dekhil protsahan dile. karagiani.
1872 pasoon purnapane andh asalelya abhijatanni 1874 madhye chukun vishprayog jhalelya paropkari anaa devilachya smaranarth lihilelya tyanchya shevatchya kaviteche aadesh dile. meey 1876 madhye tyanna roman rajyakadoon 'bene marentee' padak, pratham shreni, tyach velee grigor alekzandresku, dora dii 'istriya aanee aaron florian midale. tyaa varshachya suruvatis, abhijatanni podul mogosoeichya paschimes asalelya sphinty viovosy rastyavar eka ghar bhadyane ghetale, jithe kostechane eka sahityik saloon aayojit kele hote. tyachya natoo constantin dii. yanni namood kelyapramane. vruddha aanee durbal kavee ananescu, swatantryachya 1877-1878 yuddhasah ottoman samrajyatun romaniyachi purn mukti pahoon ajunahi aanandit hota. 18 april 1880 roji 'apoplexy' nantar tyachya 'sphinty viovosy' chya gharee tyache nidhan jhaale. tyanche parthiv safanta vineri smashanbhumit daphan karnyasathi nenyat aale. tyachya "atishay kathor" antyasanskarasathi rajya khajinyane 1000 lii pradan kele. kavichya pashchat aristia ananescu hii dusari mulgi hotee, jee tyachya aadhi maran pavali hotee.
bookrestersney mrut lekhakachya purvichya malmattesathi tyanni dilelya navane, 'gropyl aristia' kinwa 'gropyl lui aristia' ('abhijatanche khadde') ashee nond jatan kelee. 1891 madhye, alfried bernard-lendeway yanchya adhyakshatekhalil swachchata samitila aadhalale qee urvarit khadde vishari paanee gola karat hote aanee teey maleriyache srot hote; yaa bhagacha nishedh karnyat aala aanee khadde jhakanyat aale. lucita hiney tichya patichi urvarit drakshamal aanee khanee vitting navachya udhyojkala vikalya, parantu tichya varshanni see. aii. paryant yaa prakaranacha khatala chalavala. 1940. toparyant, rajya railway companysathi rugnalay bandhanyasathi kautumbik ghar padnyat aale hote, jaree samanya parisar ajunahi tyachya navachya lekhakansathi olakhala jaat hota.
janewari 1914 madhye lihilelya lekhanat, unnescoone namood kele qee 1900 madhye tyachya aajobanchya shatabdisathi kadhihi konatihi vyavastha karnyat aaleli navhati. too namood karato qee, hii chook 1903 madhye door jhaali, jevha alenescu-escanione eka lahan aitihasik natak tayar kele, jyamadhye abhijat pramukh bhoomika hotee. toparyant abhijat sangrah bahutek vela haravala hota, tasech 'biblia sacra' chya bahutek pratihi haravalya hotya, parantu tyacha 'saul' parat midvanyat aala aanee 1916 madhye vidwan ramiro aurties yanni anshatah prakashit keela. 1919 paryant, bucharstchya frankmasona (kinwa pharmazona) rastyavaril mulanchya shaleche naav kavinche naav denyat aale hote. camill petruscoochya 1953 madheel 'una ome intre omeni' yaa kadambarimadhye abhijat eka patra mhanoon disatat-tyanche 'bhavnik charitra' lekhkala 1848 purvi aanee tyadarmyan rangbhumiche jug aanee tyache rajkiy cull aanee naitikta yavar charcha karnyache nimitt dete.
sahityik karya.
roman sahityachya aadhunikikaranachya suruvatichya tappyanmadhye abhijat vargakade eka mahattvachi vyakti mhanoon mothya pramanavar pahile jaat asey. 1902 madhye 'junemia' chya virodhat bolatana kavee alekzandru masedonsky yanni valakia aanee romaniyamadhye 'punarujjivanache yug' sakriy karoon, heliad aanee abhijat vargasah tyachya 'nakshatr' neey bajavalelya bhoomikevar bharr deela. tyachya nantarchya bhashyakaranmadhye, walter putchner assa yuktivad karatat qee aadhunik greek aanee roman rangbhumichya suruvatichya paramparanchya ekikaranasathi abhijatvarg vaiyaktikaritya jababdar hota. asach muddah tulanatmakatavadi cornelia papacostia-danielopolu yanni mandala aahe, jyanchya matey greesmadheel abhijat vargachya kriyakalapanni "krantikari kalat natya nirmitiche punarujjivan kele", tarr ghika mulambarobarchya tyachya kamane "aadhunik roman rangbhumiche mool" soochit kele."bhashashastradnya federico donatiello namood karatat qee heliad aanee abhijat vargala dnyanachya yugatil natya siddhant roman rupantarit karnyat" "tivra rus" "hota". abhijat vargache navshastriy sandarbh asoonahi, sahityik itihaskar george calinscoone tyala heliad, rosetti, alekzandresku, vassil carlova aanee grigor playsoyanu yanchyasamvet-valakiyachya pahilya pranayramya kavinpaiki eka mhanoon soochibaddha kele aahe. natyashastradnya florin tornia yannihi abhijat vargachya abhinayache varnan "aspasht [aanee] pranayramya" asey kele aahe.
animator mhanoon tyanchya pratibhechi prashansa jhaali, tarr tyanchya gitatmak kamacha vadavivad aanee khatalyancha vishay hota. suruvatichya kalat, greekmadheel tyanchya kavitanni eka rajkiy muddah upasthit keela. 1853 madhye lihitana, bhashashastradnya alekzandar timony yanni namood kele qee greeksathichya abhijatanchya stotrat "preranecha abhav" hota, parantu tarihi tyat "ullekhaneey shaili" hotee."adamentios corise yanna samarpit, hii kavita mahan shaktinna hastakshep karnyache aanee deshala ottoman adhinatepasun vachavanyache aavahan karate. abhijat vargane sanskraticha srot mhanoon greesachi pratima tayar kelee, eka surya jyabhovati itar serve desh "grah" mhanoon firat hote. timonychya matey, heey stotra shabdanchi eka durdaivi nivad hotih "haah naveen prakarcha surya aahe joou tyachya serve vaibhavasathi [grahambhovati] firate."greekmadheel abhijat vargache dusare kaam," αρμοδιος και ἀριστογείτων ", heey andres kalvosachya ganyatil gitatmak tukadyavar vistarle aanee tyachpramane greek mukticha sandarbh deela; teey iterist georgios leventicela samarpit hote.
abhijatanni roman sthanik bhashechya aadhunikikaranadarmyan lihile, parantu manak sahityik bhasha aanee lattin-aadharit varnamalechya vyakhyepoorvi. tatpurati mohbhang aanee vishranti ghenyapurvi, too roman bhashela visheshtah sahityachya anuvadasathi, 'majboot' tasech 'naveen goshtinchi sweekruti' karnyasathi yogya manat asey. rajkiyadrushtya vibhajankari asanyavyatirikt, abhijat vargachi 'saul' chee aavrutti shailigatdrushtya vadgrast hotee. tyachya bhashecha bachav heliodne swatah kelelya eka vidvattapoorn vruttantane keela aanee moldevian kadambarikar, constantin negruzi yaa mahatvakankshi vyaktine teela khoop japoon thewale. abhijat, jyane swatahla 'kavitechya mathadhishanna' vishisht bhasha sadar karnyat rus asalyache ghoshit kele, tyane roman lexische navinyapurn sanshodhan kele. "saul' madhye, visheshtah khrishchan dharmopadeshanmadhun aanee itar pranay bhashanmadhun ghetalelya naveen udharitun, puratan shabdanche mishran hote. yaa tappyavar, abhijat vargane achookata aanee achukatevar laksh kendrit kele aanee heliyadchya adhik mothya pramanat italynized vakpracharala anusarane talhale; konatyahi anavashyak varnanna kadhoon taknyabarobarach, roman cyrillic varnamalechi tyachi aavrutti dekhil sopee karnyat aalee. calinscoochya matey, parinam ajunahi kahisa prolics hota aanee shabdasangrah "vichitra" hota, pramukhyane kaaran "abhijat vargane roman bhashevar prabhutva midavalele nahee".
sahityik itihaskar aine. roman 'prinsul roman' laa 'gondhalat takanare aanee lajirvane vakya' mhanoon nakarto. bhavya shailit", tyat bibescuchya rajyabhishekachya sukshmateche chitran kele gele aanee bibescucci vyakhya deshbhakticha aadarsh mhanoon kelee gelee, teesiyas, spartacha lycurgus, marcus furious camillus aanee atila yanchya barobarine. 16 vya shatkatil rashtriy nayak, michael daad brave, yachyashi bibescoola olakhoon, eka tukadyane "sansthanachya pracharachi mukhya disha" suchavali. daas ausland' masikatil eka adnyat russian itihaskarane kavinchi 'bibescuchya ghodyavar tyachi serve kavyatmak urja udhalalyabaddal' khilli udavali aanee dawa keela qee yaa pailoone rajkumaralahi naraj kele. abhijat vargala heey pustak tyachya moldevian moldevian olakhale aanee prashansa kelee pahije ashee apeksha hotee, jyanna tyane vinamulya pratee pathavalya. tyaeivaji, prasiddha moldevian kavee, vassil elexandry yanni 1844 madhye 'propessoria' sathee kelelya punaravalokanat 'prinsul roman' chee 'nirdayipane' teeka kelee hotee. tyat asey lihile hoteh "majhya saha roman lokanno, talhya vajva, shevati, hajaro varshe lagalelya [eleksandarichya trikoni] pradirgh pratikshenantar, tumhi swatahla mahakavya prapt karnyas patra siddha kele aahe! [...] tumche heey suvarnayug eka 8° tome mhanoon aale aahe jeey gumphalelya padyanni aanee kalpananni bharalele aahe."
abhijat vargatil arth lavnyachya 'eliod' chya pahilya masudyanvar tyanchya sammishra shabdanchya nanyambaddal teeka karnyat aalee-upahasaspad udaharananmadhye 'pedevelos' ('vegwan') aanee 'bratt-alba' 'bratt-alba' yancha samavesh aahe; asey aanakhi shabd 1850 chya aavruttit dekhil disaleh 'kofluserinde' ('helmet-shining'), 'pedager' ('jalad paay') aanee 'kaee-domitoriu' ('ghodyala samavoon ghene'). tyachya shodhanmadhye mahakavyachya agadi pahilya olimadhye 'oo devi' sathee 'zee' yaa shabdancha dekhil samavesh hota. pieter gherghe barleya yanni 'zee' chey varnan eka maulyavan yogdan mhanoon kele aahe, jeey george murnoo yanni 1920 madhye lihilelya aavruttit rakhoon thevalelya slavic dhwani 'zeeto' peksha shreshth aahe. teey namood karatat qee, ekandarit, abhijat vargane "dainandin bhasha asalelya tyaa vishal aanee vaividhyapurn kshetratun sahityik roman bhashecha naash karnyacha nirnay ghetala". bhashashastradnya lazar sinanu yanni yaa krutrim prakalpachi tulana 16 vya shatkatil french sahityat du bartas aanee laa playday yanni haatee ghetalelya prakalpashi kelee aahe.
abhijat vargache sudharit 'eliod' heey naveen, susanvadi, mantramugdha mantramugdha, parantu roman nasalelya bhashet, adhik aadhunik vachakanna 'samajanyajoge nahee' asey manale jaate."samikshak eoin duma yanchya matey, tyachya virodhakanna uttar detana abhijat vargachi kalji chukichi hotee, kaaran tyache bhashantar" "rikt" "rahile; vidwan aine. benescu abhijat vargatil "yatna [ing] bhasha" yaa muddyavar dekhil prakash takto. kalinsku abhijat vargachya majkurakade "udhalpattitil utkrusht krutee" mhanoon pahato, nikole genichich aanee johann heinrich waus yanchya adhik vyavsayik anuvadanche "vyangchitrasarkhe uttar". yaa prayatnavar asha aadharavar swatah heliodne teeka kelee, jyane "ajunahi aapali samanya buddhi japali."tathapi, vidwan ghiorge bogdan-duca namood karatat tyapramane, abhijat vargachya upayojit pratibhanni roman sahityik prayatnanna pudhe nenyasathi" "chamatkar kele". " barleya tyachya "anek tikakaran" viruddha abhijat vargala sanrakshn deto, visheshtah jeey nikole iorgapramane, "sahityik abhimanane, vividh drushtikonanmadhye, tyanchya swatachya homerick anuvadancha prayatna karoon bolale."
roman lexis samruddha karnyasathi abhijat vargache prayatna dekhil tyachya plutarkchya aavruttipramane aanee tyachya 24 pananchya shabdakoshachya bigger-gitatmak prayatnankade nirdeshit kele gele. yethe prastavit manak mothya pramanat italian kele gele hote, jyat kahee greek calc jodale gele hote. prastavnet lattinmadhun tyachya mool arthat, 'pravasasathi tartud' mhanoon ghetalelya 'viaticum' yaa shabdache pahile udaharan dekhil samavisht hote. baibal anuvadatil abhijatancha prakalp heliyadchya aadhichya prayatnanpasun prerit asava. birtzchya matey, tyane heliyadchya vidharmi andajanche palan karane talhale aanee tyamule valakian orthodox charchane tyala swadisht manale. khrishchan sahityatil tyacha ekoon sahbhag atirikt vadanni prabhavit jhaala, visheshtah longinusche roman aanee "pahila khrishchan" asey donhi mhanoon chitran karnyababat. vidwan mihel cogalnisanu yanni yala eka 'vedepanachi' atishayokti mhanoon olakhale jeey 'roman lokanshi julat nahee' aanee jeey rashtravadala hasyaspad banavanyachi shakyata hotee.

