
eksaman punarvasan sahayya aanee sthavar malmatta sampadan kayada (1970)

eksaman punarvasan sahayya aanee sthavar malmatta sampadan dhorane kayada (1970) ('yuu. aar. aii.') haah yu. ess. neey manjur keela.ess. 1970 madhye sanghiy sarkar. jyanchi malmatta prasiddha kshetra kayadyantargat sarvajanik vaparasathi anivaryapane adhigrahit kelee gelee hotee, tyanna yogya nuksanbharpai aanee madat sunishchit karane haah tyacha uddesh hota. bahutek swatantra rajyanni ashach tartudi aanalya aahet.
itihas aanee uddesh.
ghatanatmak adhikar aanee purv-yure karyakram.
pachvya durustichya prapti khandat sarkarne nagarikanchi malmatta ghetali tarr punarvasanachya kharchachya nuksanbharpaichi tartud nahee. tyamule, 1962 paryant, federal prakalpamule visthapit jhalelya nagarikanna sarkarne ghetalelya malmattesathi keval nuksanbharpaichi hummy dilee jaat hotee, parantu tyanna sthalantarit karnyasathi dilelya kharchasathi konatahi kayadeshir adhikar kinwa laabh navhata.
yuu. aar. aii. chya sampoord, 1962 pasoon, shahari rogache nutanikaran aanee federal mahamarg vistaramule honare sthalantar hatalanyasathi federal sarkarne done swatantra vidhimandal karyakramankhali kaam kele. yaa karyakramanvyatirikt, federal aeronatux prashasanasarkhya anek federal agencysche visthapit vyaktinna nuksanbharpai denyasathi tyanche swatache nukasanbharpaiche niyam hote. matra, yaa yojananche serve laabh khoopach qamee hote.
visthapit vyaktinna adhik changle laabh denyasathi aanee tyaa vyaktinshi adhik eksaman vaganuk denyasathi, congressne 1970 madhye yuu. aar. aii. manjur keela jyane sthalantar sahayyachi vidyaman patchwork yojana radd kelee.
yaa kayadyat, congressne yuu. aar. aii. chee sthapana karnyacha uddesh ghoshit kelah federal aanee federal sahayyit karyakramanchya parinami visthapit jhalelya vyaktinshi nyayya aanee nyayya vagnukisathi eksaman dhoran jenekarun asha vyaktinna asman dukhapat honar nahee.
ghatanatmak aanee kayadeshir aavhane.
1972 madhye, yuu. aar. aii. labhansathi patra nasalelya bund kelelya malmattanchya bhadekarunni newyorkchya purv jilhyasathi united states jilha nyayalayat yuu. aar. aii. chya ghatanatmakatela aavhan dile. nyayalayane haah yuktivad fetalala aanee dusya sarkitsathichya united states court auph appealsney yaa nirnayala dujora deela.
tathapi, visthapit pakshanchya kayadyachya bhashechya vividh vyakhyanmule yuu. aar. aii. neey khatala suru keela. shivay, sambandhit niyamanshivay yuu. aar. aii. chya adhiniyamacha parinam vividh rajya aanee sanghiy karyakramandware sthalantar labhanchya prashasanat lakshaniy farak jhaala."udaharanarth, kayadyachya sandigdha tartudinmule yuu. aar. aii. antargat labhansathi patra honyasathi upayuktata aanee jahirat falak/sanket vyavasayanna anekada khatala dakhal karane aavashyak hote.
kayadyachya kamataratancha parinam mhanoon, 1985 madhye, adhyaksh ronald rigan yanchya adhyakshiy nivedanane kayadyachya amalbajavanimadhye badal kele, jyat yuu.ess. yuu. aar. aii. niyaman ghoshanechya uddeshane pramukh sanstha mhanoon vahtook vibhag.
1987 chaa prushthbhag vahtook aanee eksaman sthalantar sahayya kayada.
yuu. aar. aii. chya apayshamule dirghkal congresschya sunavaninantar, congressne 1987 chaa prushthbhag vahtook aanee eksaman sthalantar sahayya kayada manjur keela jyane yuu. aar. aii. madhye lakshaniy sudharana kelee.
1987 chya kayadyane vyakhya vibhagat kelelya mahattvachya sudharananmadhye khaleel babincha samavesh aaheh
yaa kayadyane yuu. aar. aii. dware samavisht kelelya halvinyachya aanee sambandhit kharchat lakshaniy vaadh kelee aanee gharmalkansathi badali gruh bhattechi kamal rakkam 22,500 dollarsparyant vadhavali. yamule heey dekhil sunishchit jhaale qee sthalantar sahayya deyake kayadyantargat karachya adheen asalelya utpannache vatap kelee jaat naheet kinwa qamee utpann asalelya gruhnirman sahayyavyatirikt visthapit vyaktichya federal sahayya patratechya agencychya nirdharat vicharat ghetali jaat naheet. shevati, yaa kayadyane 1985 chya rashtrapatinchya nivedanpatrala sanhitabaddha kele.
1997 chee durusti aanee 2005 chey adyayavat.
1997 madhye kayadyatil durustine 'bekaydeshir paradeshi' vagalanyasathi yuu. aar. aii. antargat 'visthapit vyakti' chya vyakhyet sudharana kelee.
2005 madhye, yuu. aar. aii. niyamanchi vistrut adyayavatata federal hayave prashasanane (jeey vahtook vibhagantargat eka unit aahe) purn kelee. niyamanni 'visthapit vyakti' chee vyakhya aanakhi udar kelee, 'bhraman gruh' chee vyakhya jodali aanee federal kinwa federal-sahayyit prakalpamule visthapit jhalelya bhraman gruh rahivashanna yuu. aar. aii. chee lagoota darshavinara eka naveen upbhag tayar keela.
2012 madhye, rashtradhyaksh barak obama yanni 21 vya shatkatil kayadyat ("nakasha-21") pragatisathi pudhe jaanyachya kararavar swakshari kelee, jyane yuu. aar. aii. madhye aanakhi badal kele, visheshtah visthapitanna dilya jaananya labhanche praman vadhavale. nakasha-21 madhye tyala dilelya adhikaracha vapar karoon, yuu.ess. parivahan vibhagane december 2022 madhye yuu. aar. aii. chya prashasanat aanakhi badal karoon antim niyam prakashit keela.
kayadyachya tartudi.
patrata.
yaa kayadyachya tartudi keval visthapit vyaktinna lagoo hotat, jyachi vyakhya ashee aaheh (i) jee vyakti sthavar malmattetun sthalantarit hote kinwa sthavar malmattetun tyachi vaiyaktik malmatta hastantarit karate.-
(1) ekhadya sanghiy sansthene kinwa sanghiy aarthik sahayyane haatee ghetalelya karyakramasathi kinwa prakalpasathi asha vastavik malmatteche sampoorn kinwa anshatah adhigrahan karnyachya hetuchya lekhee soochanecha thet parinam mhanoon; kinwa
(2) jyaa vyaktivar ashee vyakti nivasi bhadekaru aahe kinwa punarvasan, vidhvans kinwa pramukh sanstha vihit karel asha itar visthapan karyacha thet parinam mhanoon parichhed (7) (daad) madhye paribhashit kelela ekhada lahan vyavasay, shet vyavasay kinwa vyavasay chalavate, ekhadya federal agencyne haatee ghetalelya karyakram kinwa prakalpantargat kinwa federal aarthik sahayyane konatyahi paristhitit jyamadhye visthapan agencycha pramukh asey visthapan kayamswarupi aahe heey tharvato; aanee
(2) keval yaa hakkatil kalam 4622 (aaa) aanee (buub) aanee 4625 chya uddeshansathi, jee vyakti sthavar malmattetun jaate kinwa sthavar malmattetun aapali vaiyaktik malmatta halavate, tee konatihi vyakti-
(1) ashee vyakti, jyavar vyavasay kinwa shetiche kaam chalavate, asha sampoorn kinwa anshatah, itar sthavar malmatta midvanyachya kinwa sampadan karnyachya hetuchya lekhee soochanecha thet parinam mhanoon, ekhadya sanghiy sansthene kinwa sanghiy aarthik sahayyane haatee ghetalelya karyakramasathi kinwa prakalpasathi; kinwa
(2) punarvasan, vidhvans kinwa pramukh sanstha vihit karel asha itar visthapan karyacha thet parinam mhanoon, ashee vyakti jyaa itar sthavar malmattevar vyavasay kinwa shetee chalavate, tyaa ekhadya federal agencyne haatee ghetalelya karyakram kinwa prakalpantargat kinwa federal aarthik sahayyane jethe visthapan agencyche pramukh asey visthapan kayamswarupi aahe heey tharavate.
laabh.
jarr ekhadi vyakti yuu. aar. aii. laa laabh milanyas patra asel, tarr tyanna ektar vastavik vajvi halvinyachya kharchasathi kinwa halvinyachya kharchachya bhattyasathi haqq aahe, joou prashasakeey sansthedvare velapatrakanusar (federal niyamandware tayar kelela) nirdharit keela jaato, joou vitarit karnyas parvanagi asalelya labhanchi rakkam tharvato. jevha pradesh vitaran velapatrak badalale jaat asate tevha parivahan vibhag vitaran bhatta velapatrak aanee federal rajistarmadhye poost soochana vyavasthapit karato.
visthapit vyaktila tyachya kinwa tichya pratyaksh halavanyachya aanee sambandhit kharchanchi bharpai karnyacha adhikar aahe, kaaran sanstha vajvi aanee aavashyak asalyache tharavate.december 2022 paryant, yuu. aar. aii. antargat parvanagi asalelya halavanyachya kharchachya deyake 49 see. madhye namood kelee aahet.eff.aar. § 24.301. halavanyachya kharchachi paratfed karnyachya agencychya nirnayachi tarksangatata tharvinari nyayalaye purvi "manmani aanee lahari" manak vaparat aalee aahet.
prashasana aanee itar aavashyakta.
hood sanketsthal yuu. aar. aii. antargat serve samanya aavashyaktancha tapasheel dete, jyat soochana purvat, vataghatipurv moolyankan, prastav, tabyat ghenyapurvichi deyake ii. samavisht aahet.
yuu. aar. aii. laa rajyancha pratisad.
bahutek rajyanni ashach prakarcha kayada keela aahe aanee rajyastariy upkramandvare visthapan jhalyas tyach prakarchi punarvasan bharpai aavashyak aahe. samanyatah, tyanchya kayadyanchi bhasha yuu. aar. aii. chee pratibimbit karate, jaree alikade, kahee rajyanni visthapit vyavasayansathi nuksanbharpaichi rakkam vadhavali aahe, sadbhavna aanee vyavsayik moolya donhi sambandhit kayadyanchi vaishishtye aahet. yu. aar. aii. chee kanektikatchi samantar aavrutti ashee aahe jee tyanchya sanrakshanacha eka motha bhag gamavalyamule aekhadyachya varshik nivval utpannachya $10,000 paryantcha dawa karanyachi parvanagi deuun gair-sakhali vyavasayanna sadbhavanechi bharpai karnyacha prayatna karate."kanektikatmadhye ashee tartud aahe qee rajya sanstha rajyachya kayadyachya badalyat federal yuu. aar. aii. antargat nukasanbharpaichya patalicha vapar karane nivadu shakate. tyachya swatachya punarvasanachya nukasanbharpaichya aavashyakta yuu. aar. aii. peksha qamee aahet.
heey lakshat ghene mahattvache aahe qee federal yuu. aar. aii. prakalpanchya nidhibabat aanee malakanchya nuksanbharpaibabat rajyanshi sanvad sadhate. federal samakakshakadun nidhi midvananya konatyahi rajya sansthene kayadyapramanech nukasanbharpaiche prayatna darshavile pahijet (jaree rajyache laabh samaan kinwa tyahoon adhik asavet asey konatehi sanket nasale taree) aanee tyaa federal agencyla rajyakadoon yogya hummy midalyas qee malkachya sthalantarasathi yogya aanee vajvi nuksanbharpai dilee jaate toparyant paise puravinyas manai aahe.