kataloniyache prajasattak davikade

kataloniyache prajasattak davya (Каталония ерс, ерсете;; samanyatah mhanoon branded) haah catalan samarthak swatantrya, kataloniyachya spanish swayatt samudayatil samajik-lokshahi rajkiy paksh aahe, jyachi valencia, balleric bete aanee french vibhag pireness-orientails (uttar catalonia) madhye dekhil upasthiti aahe. catalan desh mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya pradeshanmadhye france aanee spainchya swatantrya chalvaliche teey mukhya prayojak dekhil aahet, jeey alikadachya varshant kataloniyamadhye catalan prajasattak nirmitivar laksh kendrit karat aahet. tyache sadhyache adhyaksh oreal junqueiras aahet aanee sarchitanis marta rovira aahet. haah paksh european mukt aaghadicha sadasya aahe.
fransec massia, luis kampanya aanee josep taradelas yanchyasah sambandhit catalan rajkarnyancha paksh asalelya arc yaa pakshane sankhyet prajasattak, yadavi yuddh, francovadi virodhi pratikar aanee lokshahikade sankraman yaa kalat catalan aanee spanish rajkaranat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. 2000 chya dashakat eka mahattvache sthan parat midvat, too vividh catalan sarkaranmadhye yuticha bhagidar banala, jyane 1980 nantar prathamach 2021 madhye parrey aragoness yanchi generalitate adhyaksh mhanoon niyukti kelyanantar kataloniyache adhyakshapad midavale. tyache sadhya sumare 10,000 sadasya aahet.
itihas.
prajasattak aanee pahile catalan swashasana (1931-1936).
premo dii rivera (1930) chya patananantar, catalan davya pakshanni davya vicharsaraniche swatantratavadi nete frances massia yanchya netrutvakhali eka sanyukt aaghadi tayar karnyasathi mothe prayatna kele. kataloniyachya prajasattak davya bajuchi sthapana 19 march 1931 roji sants, barcelona yethe swatantravadi istat catal ("catalan rajya") chey union mhanoon jhalelya catalan davya parishadevar jhaali, jyachya netrutvakhali francesk massia, catalan republican paksh, luis companyanchya netrutvakhali aanee johnn lluhi aay valescacha "laal 'opino" gut hota. 12 april 1931 chya nagarpalika nivadnukanmadhye pakshane atyant changli kamgiri kelee hotee. done divasannantar, 14 april roji, madridmadhye spanish prajasattakachya ghoshanechya kahee taas aadhi, massiane barcelonamadhye iberian federationmadhil catalan prajasattak ghoshit kele. sann sebastianchya kararat nemke hetch manya jhaale navhate, mhanoon teen divasannantar tyanni madrid sarkarshi vataghati kelya qee massia alikadech sthapan jhalelya spanish prajasattakatil swayatt catalan sarkar, kataloniyachya generalitate adhyaksh hotil.
september 1932 madhye, spanish republican cortessne kataloniyachya svayattatechya kayadyala manjuri dilee, jyane itar taratudimbarobarach, sampoorn vidhimandal adhikaransah catalan sansad dilee aanee tee 20 november 1932 roji nivadali gelee. kataloniyachya republican davya, kataloniyachya samajvadi sangh aanee itar kirkol davya pakshanchya yutimadhye, mothya pramanat jaaga jinkalya (85 paiki 67), tarr purvichya aadhipatyavadi pradeshikvadi leag, catalan rashtravadachya adhik puranmatvadi drushtikonache pratinidhitva kareet, sankhyet kramankavar aalee parantu ii. aar. see. (85 paiki 17) peksha khoop mage aalee. yaa majboot sthitimule, eae. aar. see. neey lokpriy varg aanee chhotya burjuva vargachya rahnimanat sudharana karnyacha prayatna keela, sanskruti, aarogya, shikshan aanee nagri kayada yasarkhya kshetrantil kayade manjur kele aanee peak karar kayada, jyane bhadekaru bhadekaru sanrakshn dile aanee tyanna lagvadikhalil jaminivar pravesh deela, parantu pradeshik leegne tyala virodh keela aanee spanish sarkarshi kayadeshir vaad nirman keela. aktoobar 1933 madhye, johnn luhee aanee laal 'opinio gatache itar sadasya, tasech josep taradellus yanni karyakari parishad aanee generalitate adhyaksh yanchyatil adhikaranchya vitarnavar massiashi matbhed asalyamule aii. aar. see. sodale aanee rashtravadi republican left partychi (pii. aine. aar. eae.) sthapana kelee.
6 aktoobar 1934 roji, luis kampanya, jyanna december 1933 madhye francesk maciachya mrutyunantar kataloniyachya sansadene generalitate naveen adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle hote, spanish confederation auph daad autonomous rait (seda) chya ujavya vicharsaranichya mantryanchya spanish prajasattakachya sarkarmadhye praveshanantar, tyanni bekaydeshirpane 'spanish federal republic' madhye catalan rajya ghoshit kele. seda haah facismchya jawalcha manla jaat asey aanee tyamule, spainmadhil svayatta dadapanyachya aanee sampoorn satta ghenyachya dishene heey pahile paul asalyachi bheeti hotee. hii ghoshana spanish sainyane twarit dadapali aanee catalan sarkarla atak karnyat aalee. pakshachya netyanna (swatah companyansah) aanee catalan sarkarla prajasattakchya sarvoch nyayalayane shiksha sunavali aanee turungwas thothavala, tarr svayattatecha kayada februwari 1936 paryant nilambit karnyat aala.
1936 madhye, spanish yadavi yuddhachya prarambhi, aii. aar. see. tyaa varshichi nivadanuk ladhavanyasathi lokpriy aaghadicha bhag banala. eskera hii lokpriy aaghadichi (jyala 'front dii' escares 'mhanatat,' catalanmadhye 'left front') pramukh shakti bunley, jee tyane 54 catalan jaganpaiki 41 jaaga jinkalya, tyapaiki 21 aii. aar. see. chya hotya. naveen davya vicharsaranichya spanish sarkarne kampanya aanee catalan sarkarchya sadasyanna maaf karoon swashasana punarsanchayit kele. junmadhye eastat catala aii. aar. see. pasoon vibhakt jhaale, tarr pii. aine. aar. eae. punha tyat sameel jhaale.
yadavi yuddh, francovad aanee guptata (1936-1976).
spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan, generalatchi pramukh shakti mhanoon, marksvadi ekatmatecha kamgar paksh (pomm) aanee soviet samarthak ekikrut samajvadi paksh (pii. ess. yuu. see.) yanchyat yanchyat tanavachya parshvabhumivar aaghadichi ekata rakhanyacha prayatna keela, tarr arajakvadi kamgar sanghatana see. aine. tii. aanee tyanchya sainyane pratyakshat niyantrit kelelya paristhitivar niyantran midvinyasathi sangharsh keela aanee kataloniyamadhye yuddh prayatna sanghatit karnyacha prayatna keela. arajaktavadi aanee communistance itar prajasattak shaktinsah yutee sarkar sthapan karnyasathi adhyaksh kampanyanni josep taradelas yanchi "concellor primer" (pantpradhan) mhanoon niyukti kelee. tathapi, meey dejchya ghatanenantar adhiniyamit kelelya prajasattak sarkarne kataloniyache sampoorn niyantran talhanyacha pakshane ayashasvi prayatna keela.
1939 madhye sattevar aalyanantar francisco francone pakshala bekaydeshir ghoshit kele (lokpriy aaghaditil itar serve sahbhaginsah). catalan generalitate majee adhyaksh, luis companyanna nazi german agentsney vichee francechya sahkaryane atak kelee, spenla paratale aanee 15 aktoobar 1940 roji barcelona yetheel montjuic killyat fashi dilee.
1939 pasoon, kataloniyachya francovadi tabyat aalyanantar jawaljawal visarjit jhaleli pakshachi kamkuvat paristhiti asoonahi, aii. aar. see. bhoomigat jhaali aanee tyane manuel juliyach aanee jomm serachya aaspas facistvirodhi pratikar sanghatit karnyacha prayatna keela. 1945 madhye, anek eae. aar. see. sadasya francemadhye haddapar rahilyamule, tolusmadhye jhalelya eae. aar. see. congressne majee mantri josep taradelas yanchi sarchitanis mhanoon niyukti kelee, 1954 madhye jevha teey haddapar jhalelya kataloniyachya generalitate adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale tevha tyanni josep irla yanchi jaaga ghet heey padd sodale. tyanantar eae. aar. see. chya sarchitanisanche karyalay johnn sorrett yanchyakade gele. sankhyet mahayuddhachya shevati, mitrapakshanchya sainyachya hastakshepane francovadi hukumshahicha sambhavya padav lakshat gheta, nirvasanatil aii. aar. see. chee disha catalonia pere puig aanee johnn rodrigues-papacit yanna pathvanyat aalee. tyaa kalat aii. aar. see. heey catalan lokshahi parishad aanee lokshahi shaktinchya parishademadhye upasthit hote. 1952 madhye, herribert barrera antargat bhagat paratale aanee tyanni pakshachi disha "vastavik" mhanoon sweekarli. 11 september 1964 roji, kataloniyacha rashtriy divas, ii. aar. see. aanee itar gatanni yuddh sampalyanantarche pahile frankovirodhi pradarshan aayojit kele. hukumshahila tond tond konatyahi upkramat eae. aar. see. neey satatyane bhag ghetala.
lokshahikade sankraman aanee ghasaranichi varshe (1976-1987).
general franco (1975) yanchya mrutyunantar, eae. aar. see. neey julai 1976 madhye 8 vee rashtriy congress sajari kelee, jyamadhye barrera yanna nete mhanoon pushti denyat aalee. 1977 chya ghatak pakshanchya nivadanukit, aii. aar. see. yutimadhye gele, kaaran prajasattak paksh mhanoon tyachya darjamule tyala adyap kayadeshir manyata denyat aaleli navhati. tyaa varshi 14 march roji eae. aar. see. neey rajkiy pakshanchya nondanimadhye nondanichi vinanti kelee hotee, parantu antargat mantralayane-nivadanukanchya eka mahinyanantar-uttar dileh "sansthene prastavit kelele naav, spainmadhye kayadeshiraritya vaidh asalelya rajkiy vyavastheshi visangat asalelya rajkiy vyavasthecha sandarbh dett, asvikaryatechi dharana darshavu shakate". pakshane davya aaghadisah kinwa lokshahichya ekatmatesah yutee karnyacha prayatna keela, jaree shevati tyanni spainchya kamgar pakshashi yutee kelee. nivadanuk aaghadiche naav catalonia-lokshahi nivadanuk aaghadi ("eskera dii katalunya-front electoral democratic") asey urale hote. yuteela eka jaaga (barrera) midali. kahee nivadanuk aashvasne svayattatecha kayada kinwa rajeshahibaddal sarvmat hotee.
aktoobar 1977 madhye adhyaksh josep taradellus (1931 madhye pakshache sansthapak) kataloniyala paratale aanee samanya sthitee punarsanchayit karnyat aalee. kayadyacha eka naveen majkoor tayar karnyat aala, jyala virodh keela kaaran tyat kiman swa-shasanachi hummy navhati. tathapi, 1979 madhye tyachya manjurisathi sarvamatat, eae. aar. see. chya bajoone hote, kaaran svayatta parat midvanyacha haah ekmev marg hota. 1980 madhye kataloniyachya punarsanchayit sansadechya pahilya nivadanukit, aii. aar. see. neey ekoon 135 paiki 14 jaaga jinkalya, jyamule kataloniyachya sansadechya adhyakshapadavar barrera aala. suke aanee samajvadi yanchyasobat tripakshiy yutee karnyachya kinwa convergencia aay unio (see. aay. yuu.) laa pathimba denyachya chaukativar, berera-marksvadi paramparetil pakshanshi yutee karnyas nakar denara-nishchit eae. aar. see. jordie pujolala (see. aay. yuu.) nuksanbharpai naan deta aanee sarkarmadhye sameel naan hota, "rashtriy ekteche" sanket mhanoon generalitate adhyaksh mhanoon matdan karel. tathapi, 1984 madhye, aii. aar. see. laa keval 5 pratinidhi midale aanee madhya-ujavya catalan rashtravadi aaghadi see. aay. yuu. chya varchasvamule padzad houn alp kalavadhisathi ghasaran suru jhaali. pudhil varshanmadhye haah cull kayam rahila. 1986 madhye, tyane spanish cortsmadhye aapale astitva gamavale.
punarprapt (1986-1996).
1987 madhye, rashtriy ghoshanapatra prakashit karnyat aale, jyavar angel kolam aanee josep-louis carode-rovira sarkhya vyaktinni swakshari kelee, jyanna spanish sankramanamule jhalelya mohabhangamule udbhavalelya swatantravadyanchya naveen pidhila ekatra aanayache hote. yaa tarunanche pravesh pakshala gatiman karatat aanee 1988 chya catalan nivadanukit tyanna 6 jaaga midalya. 1989 madhye angel colom yanchya netrutvakhalil eka naveen dishela rajkiy uddesh mhanoon kataloniyache swatantrya midale. yaa naveen pravrutticha parinam mhanoon, 1990 madhye, 1940 madhye haddapar jhalelya aitihasik sansthecha rashtriy morcha, catalonia, eae. aar. see. madhye sameel jhaala. 1991 madhye, terra luer yaa sanghatnene aaplya dhoranacha punarvichar keela aanee sashastr sangharsh sodoon deela, jithe tyache kahee sadasya aii. aar. see. madhye sameel jhaale aanee katalunya luer tayar tayar anekancha samavesh dekhil karnyat aala. yaa tathyanni, vastavikatah, davya vicharsaranichya catalan swatantratechya sandarbhamadhye badal kele.
kele kataloniyachya sansadechya nivadanukit midalelya nikalanni, 210,000 hoon adhik matdaranchya pathimbyane aanee 11 jaaga midvat, aii. aar. see. laa kataloniyachi tisari rajkiy shakti mhanoon sthan dile, eka mohimenantar, jyat prathamach swatantrya samarthak paksh mhanoon disanara paksh mothya pramanat lokpriy jhaala. juuna 1992 madhye jhalelya eae. aar. see. chya 18 vya rashtriy congressne, nivadanuk vaadh, dahashatvad aanee pradeshik upasthitichya parshvabhumivar tyachya kayadyanmadhye sudharana karnyas manyata dilee. eae. aar. see. tyachya pahilya vaidhanik lekhat, european chaukatit rahoon, lokshahi aanee paryavaran, manvi haqq aanee lokanche haqq yanche sanrakshn sadar davya vicharsaranichya bhoomikesah swatache rajya nirman karoon, aanee samajik pragati aanee ektevar aadharit aapali vichardhara aanee rajkiy krutee aadharit, pradeshik ekata aanee catalan deshanche swatantrya yanche samarthan karate.
1993 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanukit eae. aar. see. neey pratinidhinchya congressmadhye aapali upasthiti parat midavali. tyach varshi, jordy carbonell aanee ewell lii artis aay generate "teasoner" heey davya rashtravadi sadasya aii. aar. see. madhye sameel jhaale. 28 meey 1995 chya sthanik nivadanukanni pakshachya sansthatmak upasthitichi eka mahattvachi parimanatmak aanee gunatmak zep darshavali. ii. aar. see. neey kataloniyachya anek sthanik parishadanmadhye upasthiti parat midavali, 550 hoon adhik nivadoon aalele nagarsevak aanee 32 mahapouranparyant pohochali aanee asha prakare tee tisari nagarpalika rajkiy shakti bunley. bunley catalan nivadanukit, eae. aar. see. neey prajasattak kalapasoonchya matanchya sankhyet sarvottam nikal midavala, 305,000 hoon adhik matdar aanee 13 jaaga.
1996 madhye, gambhir antargat sankatanantar, angel kolamane piller rahulasah paksh sodala aanee swatantrya pakshachi sthapana kelee. matra, yaa pakshache ayushya alpakalasathi hote. 1999 chya sthanik nivadnukanmadhye tyanna kharab nikal midale aanee barcelonatil yaditil pramukh mhanoon swatahla sadar sadar piller rahulala jaaga midali nahee. tyanantar paksh visarjit karnyat aala.
carode rovira saha naveen yug aanee sarkarkade parat jaa.
november 1996 madhye, eae. aar. see. chee 21 vee rashtriy congress aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. dahashatvadyanni pakshasathi eka naveen disha nivadali, josep luis carode-rovira heey naveh adhyaksh aanee johnn puigerscose heey naveh sarchitanis mhanoon. naveen dishane dhoranat kahee badal jaheer keleh tee kataloniyachya swatantryacha tyag karat nahee, parantu tee kalpana ekmev sandarbh mhanoon vaparane bund karate. naveen dishela pakshala davikadil catalancha naveen sandarbh mhanoon thevayache hote.
16 november 2003 roji, kataloniyachya sansadechya nivadanukit, eae. aar. see. neey 23 jaaga midavalya, aanee too "pramukh paksh" banala joou sarkarchi rachana paribhashit karel, kaaran bahumat midvanyasathi itar pakshanna eae. aar. see. shhee sahmat hone bandhankarak hote. anek aathvadyannantar, jyamadhye teey see. aay. yuu. (madhya-ujavya aanee rashtravadi paksh) sobat karar karnar asalyache disale, tyanni shevati samajvadi paksh catalonia aanee paryavaranvadi aaghadi aay. see. vhee.-eae. yuu. aay. saha 'purogami karar' (jyala 'teenelcha karar' kinwa 'tripakshiy' mhanoon olakhale jaate) nivadala.
eae. aar. see. haah samajvadi paskwal maragalchya adhyakshatekhalil samanyavadi tripakshiy sarkarcha bhag banala, jyane sahaa sarkari vibhag sweekarle, jyapaiki carode-rovirashi sambandhit 'concellor aine cap' (pantpradhan) hote. eae. aar. see. neey dharan keleli itar paach mantralaye hotee shikshan (josep bergalo), kalyan aanee kutumb (annah simo), vanijya, paryatan aanee upbhog (pere estive), sarkar aanee sarvajanik prashasana (johnn caretero) aanee vidyapithe, sanshodhan aanee mahitee sanstha (carles sola). yavyatirikt, ernest benak heey aanakhi eka eae. aar. see. nete sansadeche adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle gele.
durustichya chalvalimagil mukhya shaktinpaiki eka asoonahi, pakshane akheris kataloniyachi svayatta vadhavanyasathi svayattatechya catalan kayadyat 2006 chya badalanna virodh keela. catalan swashasana vadhavanyasathi tyanni purese kaam kele nahee yaa karanastav tyanni asey kele. yamule tyanchya bhagidaransobat (visheshtah pii. ess. see. sobat) sarkari sankat nirman jhaale, jyamule 2006 madhye lavkar nivadanuka jhalya.
rajkiy tattve aanee pratinidhitva.
1993 madhye 19 vya rashtriy congressmadhye manjur jhalelya vichardharechya vidhanat tyachi moolbhut rajkiy tattve paribhashit kelee gelee aahet. heey teen kshetranmadhye sanghatit kele gele aahe jeey sansthela tyache naav deteh eskera (rajkiy, aarthik aanee samajik vadavivadat davya ejendyaprati vachanbaddhata), republic (sarkar viruddha prajasattak swarupaprati vachanbaddhata). spainchi sadhyachi ghatanatmak rajeshahi) aanee katalunya (catalan swatantratavad, jeey ii. aar. see. dware samajoon ghetale gele aahe, tyat catalan deshancha samavesh aahe).
pakshala belleric betanvar aanee francemadhil uttar kataloniyamadhye pakshansah, tasech valencian samudayatil valencian deshachya republican davya pakshansah sangharajya dekhil kele jaate. tyanchya balleric samkaksh vagalata, balleric betanvar 8 nagarpalika nagarsevak aanee valencian samudayat 6 nagarsevak asale taree, tyanchyapaiki konachahi sadhya tyanchya sambandhit pradeshanmadhye sansadiy pratinidhitva nahee. 2008 madhye sthapan jhalela ausitan republican left haah pakshatil arani vibhag mhanoon kaam karato.
kataloniyacha republican daway haah catalan rajkaranatil sarvat juna rajkiy paksh aahe jyane sarvbhoum catalan rashtrachya kalpanela tyachya sampoorn astitvasathi pathimba deela aahe. 1931 madhye eae. aar. see. chya sthapanepasun teey nehmich yachya bajoone rahile aahet.
kataloniyasathi rajyatva.
2021 madheel shevatchya catalan sansadiy nivadanukinantar, kataloniyachya prajasattak davya bajula kataloniyachya sansadet 33 jaaga aahet, jyamule too jaganchya sankhyenusar sarvat motha gut banato, pii. ess. see. shhee barobari sadhato aanee matanchya sankhyet sankhyet kramankavar aahe. balleric sansadetahi tyachi eka jaaga aahe. 2010 paryant, samajvadi catalonia paksh (pii. ess. see.) aanee catalonia greens (aay. see. vhee.) chya pudhakarasah, tripakshiy davya catalan sarkarchya teen yutee sadasyanpaiki haah eka hota. kataloniyachya svayattatechya naveen kayadyashi sambandhit tanavamule yutee anekada aswasth hotee. 25 november 2012 roji jhalelya purvat nivadanukit catalan sansadechya ekoon 21 jaganparyant eae. aar. see. chee vaadh jhaali. kataloniyamadhye, spanish sansadet tichya tera jaaga (pachva sarvat motha gut), cinetmadhye akra jaaga (tisra sarvat motha gut) aanee european sansadet done jaaga aahet.

