
samanya surinam tooad

samanya surinam tooad kinwa taara-botancha tooad (pipa pipa) hii dakshin americet vyapak pramanat pasarlelya pipide kutumbatil bedkachi eka purnapane jalchar prajati aahe. hii prajati aaichya pathichya tvachetil madhmashyachya kakshanmadhye undy ubavanyasathi olakhali jaate, jyamule 4-5 mahinyanchya kalavadhinantar purnapane tayar jhalelya bedukanna mukt kele jaate. haah eka ghatalela shikari aahe joou shikarchya aavakyat yenyachi panyat vaat pahat asato, joou nantar too suction feedingcha vapar karoon pakadato.
varnan.
"pii. pipa haah eka katekorpane jalchar bedook aahe aanee tyachya vanshatil sarvat motha sadasya aahe. yaa prajatiche shareer jawaljawal purnapane sapat aanee rund, sapat, trikoni doke asalele apavadatmakapane udas aahe. tee bhasheshivay aahe. shareer disanyat tapkiri rangachya tantuyukt panasarkhech asate. paay mothya pramanat jaalidar asatat aanee pudhil payachya botanna lahan, tanyansarkhe ange asatat. narr 154 miimii paryant lamb vadhu shakatat, tarr maadee 171 miimii paryant vadhu shakatat. maadee keval tyanchya lambidvarech navhe tarr tyanchya angathichya aakarachya zaga dware dekhil olakhalya jaau shakatat, jyaa teey prajnan karnyas tayar asatana disatat. tvachecha rung bahutekda halka tapkiri asato aanee pathivar kahee gadad thipke asatat, jyamule nakala changle aachchadan milate, naak tokat asatat, dolhe khoop lahan asatat aanee timpenum gahal asato. sharirachya prushthbhagavar hatpay parshvik pasarlelya sthiteet asatat aanee botanchya tokanna chaar lahan bhaganmadhye badalale jaate. jibhecha abhav yaa prajatila itar bahutek bedkanpramanech tyaa avyavasah shikar karnyapasoon rokhato aanee tyaeivaji suction capturecha vapar keela jaato.
kavati hyperosified asate aanee itar anuransachya tulanet kapal aanee postcranial hadey mothya pramanat sudharit kelee jaatat. dolhe tulanene lahan aanee arund asale taree, yaa prajatimadhye parshva resha pranali aanee majjatantuche avyav asatat jeey tyala shikar aanee shikari shodhanyat madat karatat asey manale jaate.
surinam todmadhye tvachechya pratijaivik peptidescha abhav asato jeey cytrideomycosis aanee ranavirus sarkhya rog ghatkanvar pratibandh karoo shakatat, jyamule teey rogas thode adhik sanvedanshil houu shakate.
adhivas aanee vitaran.
hii prajati santh pravahat vahanare jalmarg, pravah kondapani, talav aanee purgrast jangalatil talavanmadhye budalelya kachyakhali rahate. tyachya vanshasathi tyache bhaugolik vitaran sarvat mothe aahe aanee brazil aanee equadors dakshin amerikechya bahutek bhagat, visheshtah amazon parjanyavanat aadhalate. heey jalchar jivanshailisathi itake drudhpane julavun ghetale gele aahe qee jaminivar teey asahayya aahe aanee kvachitach haloo shakate.
aahar.
hii prajati sarvabhakshi ghatalela shikari aahe. tyachya aaharat mukhytah krumee, keetak, crustatian aanee lahan maase yasarkhya aksheruki pranyancha samavesh asato. shetat pakadale gelele "pipa pipa" heey erythrenid mashanchya prajati, itar lahan "pipa pipa", catfish, sandhipad aanee tyanchya potat ubhaychar tvachesah aadhalale aahet. eka abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee cyclopyda 67 takke, diptera alya 7.3 takke aanee heteroptera 6.3 takke shikar karatat. tyanchya potat sapadalele tvacheche tukade heey eka sanket aahet qee heey bedook narbhakshak banatat kinwa tyanchi swatachi tvacha khatat jee ubhaycharanmadhye samanya aahe. yaa parinamanchya aadhare, "pii. pipa haah eka ghatpat karnara shikari aahe joou panyat padnari konatihi gosht kinwa adhunmadhun jaminivar chaara khatana tyala bhedasavanari konatihi gosht sandhichya balavar khato.
aahar ghenyachya paddhati.
"pii. pipa "eka adviteey jadatviy shoshak aahar yantrana vaparte. surinam tooad khanyasathi mothya pramanat paanee ghaloon aanee tyachya botanni mashanchya sutkevar maryada ghaloon shikar pakadato. tee dvidishatmak suctioncha vapar karate, hii prakriya bedook tyachya hyoidla daboon aanee tyachya clavicala mage gheuun suru karate. 
bedook jevadhe paanee aat shiroo shakate, teey tyachya sharirache praman sakriyapane vadhavanyachya kshamateshi sambandhit aahe. bedkachi bucopharengial pokali (tond aanee ghasa yanna jodanari pokali) khoop virghalanari asate aanee lakshaniy pramanat vadhu shakate. heey tyachya sampoorn khodyacha vapar pokali vegane vadhavanyasathi karate, jee khodachya khalchya tokaparyant vistarte. tyache aatadyansambandhiche avyav-hyoid aanee swarayantra, hriday, fuffuse, yakrut, annanalika aanee pooat-asha prakare vyavasthit kele jaatat jenekarun teey sharirachya lambichya eka trutiyanshparyant mage sarkanyas saksham asateel; yamule bucopharyngeal pokalichya vistarasathi atirikt jaaga milate. prayogshaletil nirikshanancha andaj "pii. pipa 'heey vishramit aakarmanachya deedpat kanyachya aakarmanat vaadh karoo shakate. bucopharengial pokalicha jalad (-24 milisekandanmadhye) vistar nakaratmak dabat parinami hoto; yamule shoshak tayar hoto, joou tyaa badalyat, shikar asalelya panyat pravesh karato. maase prabhavipane vistarit bucopharengial pokalit takale jaatat, jithe teey kahee kaal rahate, bedkachya khodamadhye madhyavartipane sthit asate, potat nahee. bedkachya anshatah ughadya tondatoon galalele paanee sodale jaate, kaaran tyacha antargat daab samanya hoto, tarr tyache agrabhag tondajaval ubhe rahatat, shikar sutanyachya shakyatepasun sanrakshn karatat. 
hii prajati ekmev tetrapod kasheruki asoo shakate jee suction feeding darmyan tyache sampoorn khod vadhavu shakate. yavyatirikt, asey aadhalun aale aahe qee "pii. pipa 'tyachya shikar pakadanyachya prakriyechya bahutek ghatakanchya veleche niyaman karoo shakate. udaharanarth, too tyacha shikar pakadatana aanee tyat ferfar kartana tyacha jabada asamamiteey kinwa atulyakalikpane halavoo shakato. 
shikaris tondat "scoop" karnyasathi pudhil hatancha vapar keela jaato. tyacha shikar pakadanyapurvi, pudhil haat pudhe valavalelya sthiteet thewale jaatat jenekarun pratyek haat dokyachya samore thewala jaeel. shikar kartana, pudhil haat pudhe kele jaatat aanee tondakade odhale jaatat. yaa halchalidarmyan jarr shikar karnari vastoo aadhalali tarr tee pakadali jaate aanee tondat dhakalali jaate. anyatha teey avayavancha vapar naan karata tondat shoshale jaate. itar pipid prajatinchya tulanet yaa bedkanmadhye uchch patalichi nipunata asate.
punarutpadan.
yaa bedakancha sanyog kaal sharad rututil aanee hivalyatil asato. heey bedook sahasa sakali aanee duparchya madhyat phone karatat. yaa prajatiche narr makad asalelya madila aakarshit karat naheet, tyaeivaji tyanchya galyatil hyoid haad kadhoon tikshna aavaj nirman karatat. click karnyacha aavaj dhatuchya aavajasarkha disato. yaa klikcha sarasari darr prati sekand chaar click aahe, jyamadhye prati kalavadhi 10 teey 20 sekandanche block asatat. tyanantar, narr striche pudhil paay puresha sandhe ghaloon pakdel, jyamule strichi angarkha aanee tvacha sujel. bhagidar fulsaxasmadhye asatana jaminivarun uthatat aanee panyatoon kamanimadhye ulatat. shwas ghenyasathi tyanna prushthbhagavar pohave lageparyant heey jodape panyat pohat raheel. tyanantar teey parat panyachya talashi pohat jaatil. tithe purush tyachya pathivar aanee stree tichya potavar tyachya varr zopel. puresha sandhedarmyan, madichi paath haloohaloo soojana sthiteet jaate. narr aanee maadee klokya jawal aanalya jaatat aanee anek undy madichya sujalelya prushthbhagachya bahya tvachemadhye agrabhagi hastantarit kelee jaatat. 
pratyek andyacha vyas sumare 6.5 miimii asato, nantar tee madichya prushthbhagachya bahya tvachemadhye pratyaropit kelee jaatat. pahilya divashi madichya pathivaril undy tvachemadhye budtil aanee sandhyakalparyant madichya patheet basavali jaatil. done divasannantar, bahutek andyanchi pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali pivali santati baher yeiparyant andyanvaril aachchadan jangalat raheel. bhrun yaa khissyanmadhil tadpole tappyaparyant vikasit hotat parantu tadpole mhanoon baher padat naheet, tyaeivaji todlet tappyaparyant sampoorn vikas hoiparyant tyanchya kakshanmadhye rahatat. lahan todes tyanchya vadhidarmyan shepati vadhavtat, parantu heey fakt tatpurte asateel kaaran tyanna auxigen shvasat ghenyasathi shepatichi aavashyakta asel. 12 teey 20 aathvadyannantar, lahan todes lahan todsasarkhe ubtil, jeey tyanchya palkansarkhe disatil. teey mothe honyas thoda vel lagato kaaran teey janmala yetat tevha tyanchi lambi fakt 25 miimii asate. ekada teey tyanchya aaichya pathitoon baher padale qee, todes mothya pramanat ekaki jeevan suru karatat. naveen todanna janm dilyanantar, aaee haloohaloo janmasathi vaparlelya tvachecha patal thurr kadhoon takte aanee punha chakr suru karoo shakate.
sangopan spardha.
jevha sanyogachya hangamat done narr ekmekanna bhetatat, tevha donhi narr ladhanyachi shakyata asate. todes tyanche naak dusya purushachya chhativar kinwa ghashat jawaljawal dabtat. sangharshadarmyan, donhi narr ekmekanvar ekach click karatat, jeey teey samanyatah prajananachya velee vaparat asalelya aavajasarkhe asatat. jarr todschya dolhyancha sampark asel tarr teey yaa clickchi eka jalad malika banavtat. hii prakriya swar pranalichi konatihi drishyaman halchal darshavat nahee. kahee kalanantar teey pohayala paratatil, parantu ekmekanshi sampark kadhihi gamavanar naheet. eka tooad dusyachyyaa agadi jawal pohato, tyachya pratispardhyala fakt pudhchya avyavanni sparsh karato. purushanmadhil ladhai dirghkal tiku shakate. akheris, eka purush dusya purushala chavto aanee jaree teey nehmich ladhai sodat nasale taree haah tyanchya chakmakicha shevat asava asey manale jaate. asey houu shakate qee ladhai haralela narr prajnan kartana dekhil haar manat nahee aanee prajnan jodilach tras dett nahee.
sanwardhan.
jaree aay. yuu. see. aine. neey yaa prajatila kamitakami chinteche mhanoon vargikrut kele asale, taree shetichya vistaramule adhivasache nuksan aanee adhivasache vighatan heey yaa prajatiche paryavasan aahe. amazon varshavananvaril jangaltod aanee manvi atikramanamule, hii prajati samanyatah jyaa pradeshat aadhalat nahee asha pradeshat aadhalali aahe, udaharanarth sthaliy thikane. heey bedook jyaa dhokyat asalelya adhivasanmadhye rahatat, tyanche jatan karnyache mahatva yavarun adhorekhit hote.
bandivas.
matsyalayat, prajati mage lapoon rahnyasathi vanaspati aanee khadakanna pradhanya detat. qamee prakash paristhiti aavashyak aahe. surinam tooad mothya pramanat amonia utsarjit karat asalyane, panyatil badal varanvar karave lagatat.
sanskrutik mahatva.
catherine clackson yanna lihilelya patrat kavee samuel teller colories lihitat, "mallah priy sauthichya chhotya aanee jawalchya vakyanmadhye eka velee eka gosht sanganyachya samarthyacha irshya hoto, tarr majhe vichar surinamchya todsarkhe firat asatat, pathitoon, bajula aanee potatoon lahan tooad ugavatat, teey rengtana vanaspati banatat". 
surinam tooad samanyatah trypophobia triggerche udaharan mhanoon uddhrut kele jaate.