antaral sanshodhan

antaral sanshodhan haah bahya antaralat aanee bahya antaralacha abhyas karoon keela jaanara vaidnyanik abhyas aahe. antaral tantradnyanachya vaparapasoon teey nirikshan karnyayogya vishvaparyant, antaral sanshodhan heey eka vistrut sanshodhan kshetra aahe. pruthvi vidnyan, bhautik vidnyan, jivashastra, aushadh aanee bhautikshastra heey serve antaral sanshodhan vatavaranala lagoo hotat. yaa sandnyemadhye khol antaralapasun pruthvichya khalchya kakshet konatyahi unchivaril vaidnyanik pelodcha samavesh aahe, jyat varchya vatavaranatil dhwani rockett sanshodhan aanee uchch unchivaril phuge samavisht aahet.
antaral sanshodhan haah dekhil antaral sanshodhanacha eka prakar aahe.
itihas.
rockett.
rockett shatkapasoon chiinii rockett samarambhat aanee shastre mhanoon vaparale jaat hote, parantu parantu shatkachya uttaradhaparyant konatehi rockett pruthvichya gurutvakarshanavar maat karoo shakale nahee. teen vegvegalya deshanmadhye teen shastradnyanchya kamat antaral-saksham rockett ekach velee disu lagale. russiamadhye, constantin tsiolokowski, united statesmadhye, robbert etch. goddard aanee germanymadhye herman oberth.
america aanee soviet unionne tyanche swatache kshepanastra karyakram tayar kele. pragat rockett tantradnyanavar aadharit vaidnyanik tapas mhanoon antaral sanshodhan kshetra vikasit jhaale.
vhee-2 rockett uddananvaril 1948-1949 detectormadhye suryapasoon ksh-kiran aadhalale. dhwani rocketmule aamhala varchya vatavaranachi rachana dakhavanyas madat jhaali. jasjashi unchi gathali jaat hotee, tasatase antaral bhautikshastra heey pruthvichya aurore, ionosphere aanee magnetosphere abhyasasah sanshodhanache kshetra mhanoon udayas aale.
krutrim upgrah.
pahila krutrim upgrah, russian sputnik 1,4 aktoobar 1957 roji, united stateschya pahilya explorer 1 chya chaar mahine aadhi prakshepit karnyat aala. upgrah sanshodhanacha pramukh shodh 1958 madhye jhaala, jevha explorer 1 neey vanne elen kiranotsargache patte shodhale. 1959 teey 1976 yaa kalat, russian lune karyakramasah, chandravaril chandra shodhakanchya malikanni, jyane aaplyala chandrachya rasayanik rachana, gurutvakarshan, tapman, matiche namune, chandra 3 dware chandrachya durchya bajuchi pahili chhayachitre aanee aanee grahachya shariravar utarnare pahile durastha niyantrit yantramanav (lunokhod) yancha purava deela, grahshastrane eka naveen tappyavar pravesh keela.
aantarrashtriy sahkarya.
prarambhik antaral sanshodhakanni 1958 madhye antaral sanshodhan samitee (kospar) sthapan karoon eka mahattvacha aantarrashtriy munch prapt keela, jyane sanshodhan kshetrat antarbhut asalelya rockett tantradnyanache lashkari mool asoonahi shityuddhachya kalat purv aanee paschim darmyan vaidnyanik mahitichi devanghevan sadhya kelee.
antaralvir.
12 april 1961 roji, russian leftnunt yuri gagarin haah pruthvila pradakshina ghalanara pahila manav hota, vostoke 1 madhye. 1961 madhye, american antaralvir alaan shapered haah antaralat jaanara pahila american hota. aanee 20 julai 1969 roji, antaralvir niil armstrong haah chandravar utarnara pahila manav hota.
19 april 1971 roji, soviet unionne salute 1 heey, vahtook aapattinni durdaivane uddhvast kelele, 23 divasanche yashasvi abhiyan, heey lakshaniy kalavadhiche pahile antaral sthanak prakshepit kele. 14 meey 1973 roji, sudharit sattern vhee rocketwar, pahile american antaral sthanak, skylab prakshepit kele gele. 24 aathvade skylab vyapala hota.
vyapti.
486958 erokoth heey manvi antaral yanane bhet dilelya sarvat durchya aanee sarvat pracheen vastuche naav aahe. 2014 madhye jevha habalane shodhale tevha moolatah '1110113y' mhanoon sambodhale gelele, eka aathvadabhar chalalelya maneuvering tappyanantar 1 janewari 2019 roji naveen kshitij tapasanidvare grahasamor pohochale. naveen kshitijanni 10.7 kotee mailanpasoon altima thulecha shodh lavala aanee 19 mail lambichya sampark dwaitichya 3,500 mailanchya aat jaanyasathi ekoon 9 divasanchi yukti kelee. altima thulecha kakshiy kalavadhi sumare 298 varshe aahe, too pruthvipasoon 41 kotee mail door aahe aanee plutochya 1 abj mailanpeksha jaast antaravar aahe.
aantartarkiy.
voyager 1 probe 5 september 1977 roji prakshepit karnyat aale aanee august 2012 madhye aaplya saurmalechya kathabaher aantartarkiy madhyamat gele. pruthvipasoon sarvat durchi manvi vastoo, andajanmadhye takkar, eka urt dhag aanee niyati, "kadachit shashvat-dudhachya margane bhatakane" yancha samavesh aahe."
20 august 1977 roji prakshepit voyager 2 heey voyager 1 peksha haloo pravas karat 2018 chya akheris aantartarkiy madhyamaparyant pohochale. voyager 2 heey nepchyoon kinwa urainuschya hiim rakshasanna bhet denare ekmev pruthviche shodhak aahe.
donhipaiki konatyahi samudraparyatakane ekhadya vishisht drishyaman vastoola lakshya kelele nahee, parantu 2019 paryant donhi nasachya khol antaral jaalyavar sanshodhan deta pathvane suru thevatat.
done agraganya shodh aanee naveen kshitij tapas najikchya bhavishyat aantartarkiy madhyamat pravesh karane apekshit aahe, parantu tyapurvi yaa teen upalabdh shakti qamee hone apekshit aahe, tyamule baher padnyachya binduchi achook pushti kelee jaau shakat nahee. probchya vegacha andaj lavane heey anishchit aahe kaaran teey chull heliosphearemadhun jaatat. pioneer 10 heey 2019 madhye heliospherechya bahya kathavar aahe. 2040 paryant naveen kshitij tyavar pohochayala havey aanee 2060 paryant pioneer 11.
done samudraparyatan shodhak aantartarkiy madhyamant pohochale aahet aanee itar teen shodhak tyaa yadeet sameel hone apekshit aahe.
sanshodhan kshetre.
antaral sanshodhanat vidnyanachya khaleel kshetrancha samavesh aaheh
krutrim upgrahanmadhun antaral sanshodhan.
uchch vatavaran sanshodhan upgrah.
12 september 1991 roji prakshepit karnyat aalela nasachya netrutvakhalil uchch vatavaran sanshodhan upgrah haah upgrah hota. 15 september 1991 roji ess. tii. ess.-48 mohimedarmyan antaral shuttlechya shodhatoon haah upgrah tainat karnyat aala hota. pruthvichya vatavaranachya vividh pailuncha abhyas karnara aanee prakash rasayanshastrachi adhik changli samaj asalela haah pahila bahu-upkaranyukt upgrah hota. 14 varshanchya sevenantar, yuarne 2005 madhye aapali vaidnyanik karkird purn kelee.
uttam vedhshala karyakram.
mahan vedhshala karyakram haah nasacha pramukh durbini karyakram aahe. mahan vedhshala karyakram gamma kirane, atinil, ksh-kiran, infrared aanee drishyaman, prakash varnpatanvar aadharit aakashache tapshilvar nirikshan karoon vishvabaddalchi aapali samaj pudhe dhakalato. mahan vedhshala karyakramasathi chaar mukhya durbini aahet, 1990 madhye prakshepit kelele hubble space telescope (drishyaman, atinil), 1991 madhye prakshepit aanee 2000 madhye nivrutt jhalele compton gamma reey vedhshala (gamma), 1999 madhye prakshepit chandra ksh-kiran vedhshala (ksh-kiran) aanee 2003 madhye prakshepit kelele spitzer space telescope (infrared).
american khagolshastradnya edwin hubble yanchya navavarun naav denyat aalelya habalchi utpatti 1946 paryant mage jaate. aajchya kalat, habalcha vapar bahya grah olakhanyasathi aanee aaplya swatachya saur mandalatil ghatananchi tapshilvar mahitee denyasathi keela jaato. drishyaman vishvachya kahee sarvat tapshilvar pratima denyasathi drishyaman-prakash nirikshane itar mahan vedhshalansah jodali jaatat.
aantarrashtriy gamma-reey khagolbhautiki prayogshala.
avibhajya hii 2002 madhye european antaral sansthene suru keleli aanee karyarat asaleli (march 2019 paryant) sarvat shaktishali gamma-reey vedhshala aahe. avibhajya krishna chhidre, neutron taare aanee supernova yasah antaralatil sarvat urjavan vishvashastriy rachananchi antardrushti pradan karate. antaralatil sarvat vilakshan aanee urjavan ghatananpaiki eka asalelya gamma-rechya sanshodhanat avibhajya mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate.
gurutvakarshan aanee atyant chumbakatva haah lahan shodhak aahe.
nasachya netrutvakhalil ratnanchi moheem november 2014 madhye prakshepit honar hotee. krishna chhidre aanee neutron neutron tanyanmadhun ksh-kirananche dhruvikaran mojanyasathi heey antaral yaan ksh-kiran durbinicha vapar karel. teey supernovachya avasheshanvar, sphot jhalelya jhalelya sanshodhan karel. karel dashakapasun ksh-kiran dhruvikaranat kahee prayog kele gele aahet aanee shastradnyanni ratne naveen paya padtil assa andaj vartavala hota. ksh-kiran dhruvikaran samajoon ghetalyane shastradnyanna krishna chhidranche dnyan sudharel, visheshtah krishnabinduchya sabhovatalache padarth sapat-disk, puff disk kinwa squirting jetparyant maryadit aahet qee nahee. ratna prakalp juuna 2012 madhye radd karnyat aala, jyamule vel aanee aarthik maryada ayashasvi honyacha andaj aahe. ratnanchya mohimecha uddesh (2019 paryant) ajunahi prasangik aahe.
antaral kendranvar antaral sanshodhan.
salute 1.
salute 1 heey aataparyant bandhalele pahile antaral sthanak hote. 19 april 1971 roji soviet unionne tyachi suruvat kelee. pahila karmchari varg antaral sthankamadhye pravesh karnyat ayashasvi jhaala. dusare karmchari tevis divas antaral sthankavar ghalavu shakale, parantu pruthvivar punha pravesh kartana karmchari mrutyu pavalyamule heey yash patkan jhakale gele. salute 1 chey indhan akali sampalyamule tyache antaralat sahaa mahine janivpurvak nishkriy karnyat aale hote.
skylyab.
skylab heey amerikeche pahile antaral sthanak hote. teey salute 1 peksha 4 putt mothe hote. 14 meey 1973 roji skylab prakshepit karnyat aale. tyachya karyanvit kalat teen teen teen teen teey firavale gele. skylabchya prayoganni coronal chhidranchi pushti kelee aanee aath saur jwalanche chhayachitran karnyas saksham hote.
"miir".
1986 teey 2001 yaa kalat soviet (nantarche russian) sthanak 'miir' heey pahile dirghakalin vastee asalele antaral sthanak hote. baaraa aanee deed varshe pruthvichya khalchya kakshet asalelya meerne kayamswarupi sookshm gurutva prayogshalet kaam kele. chamoone jivashastra, manvi jivashastra, bhautikshastra, khagolshastra, havamanshastra aanee antaral yaan pranalinsah prayog kele. uddishtanmadhye antaralavar kayamswarupi kabja karnyasathi tantradnyan vikasit karane samavisht hote.
aantarrashtriy antaral sthanak.
december 1998 madhye sumare 20 sahbhaginchya aantarrashtriy sahkari mohimetil ess. tii. ess.-88 chaa bhag mhanoon aantarrashtriy antaral sthankala tyache pahile karmchari midale. russian station "miir" neey jawaljawal daha varshe, mageel vikramapeksha jaast kaal heey station satatyane vyapale aahe. aay. ess. aay. sookshm gurutvakarshan aanee sthanik antaral vatavaranashi sampark sadhanyache sanshodhan pradan karate. karmchari jivashastra, bhautikshastra, khagolshastra aanee itaranshi sambandhit chachanya ghetat. ghetat anubhav aanee aarogya yancha abhyas karoonahi antaral sanshodhan pudhe jaate.

