
synorhabditis elegans

synorhabditis elegans () haah eka mukt-jiwant pardarshak sutrakrumi aahe jyachi lambi sumare 1 miimii aahe jee samshitoshna matichya vatavaranat rahate. hii tyachya vanshatil prajati aahe. heey naav greek "seeno-" (alikadache), "rubdietis" (kathisarkhe) aanee lattin "elegans" (mohak) yanche mishran aahe. 1900 madhye maupanni suruvatila tyala 'rabditides elegans' asey naav dile."oshene 1952 madhye tyala upajat 'synorhabditis' madhye thewale aanee 1955 madhye, doughertyne 'synorhabditis' laa vansh mhanoon sthan dile.
"see. elegans heey eka khandahin seudocoilomate aahe aanee tyat shwasan kinwa parisancharan pranalicha abhav aahe. yapaiki bahutek sutrakrumi heey hermaphrodite aahet aanee kahee narr aahet. purushanchya sangmakarta vishesh shepati asatat jyat speaculescha samavesh asato.
1963 madhye, sidney brainerne 'see' madhye sanshodhanacha prastav mandala. elegans, "pramukhyane majjatantu vikasachya kshetrat. 1974 madhye tyanni 'see' chya aanvik aanee vikasatmak jivashastravar sanshodhan suru kele. elegans, "jeey tevhapasoon eka aadarsh jeev mhanoon mothya pramanat vaparale jaat aahe. sampoorn genome anukramit kelela haah pahila bahukoshikiy jeev hota aanee 2019 madhye tyacha jode (neuronal wiring aakruti) purn karnara haah pahila jeev hota.
shareer rachnashastra.
"see. elegans heey 'khandahin', 'vermiform' aanee 'dwaipakshik samamiteey' aahe. tyat eka chhalli (bahyapesheey mhanoon eka katheen bahya aavaran), chaar mukhya bahya bahya dorkhand aanee dravane bharalela seudocolome (shareer pokali) asato. yaat mothya pranyanpramanech kahee avyav pranali dekhil aahet. sumare eka hajaranpaiki eka vyakti purush aahe aanee urvarit hermaphrodite aahet. see" chey moolbhut shareer rachnashastra. elegansmadhye tond, ghasa, aatade, gonad aanee kolejanyukt tvachecha kanaa yancha samavesh hoto. serve sutrakrumeenpramanech, tyanna naa rakt parisancharan asate aanee naa shwasan pranali. sharirachya lambiparyant chalana snayunchya chaar pattya eka majjasanstheshi jodalelya asatat, jyamule snayu pranyachya sharirala keval prushthbhagavar vakanare kinwa ventral vakanare mhanoon halavoo shakatat, parantu doke vagalata davikade kinwa ujavikade nahee, jethe chaar snayu chaturthansh ekmekanpasun swatantrapane tarbaddh asatat. jevha prushthiy/nilay snayunchya aakunchananchi laat pranyachya mageel bajukadoon samorparyant jaate, tevha prani mage dhakalala jaato. jevha samorun aakunchananchi laat suru hote aanee sharirasah mage pudhe jaate, tevha prani pudhe dhakalala jaato. sharirachya vakyanmadhil yaa prushthiy/nilay purvgrahamule, konatihi samanya jiwant, halanari vyakti aadvya prushthbhagavar olandatana tyachya davya bajula kinwa ujavya bajula zopate. sharirachya tvachechya bajuchya bajunchya kadancha eka sanch, aley, yaa vakanyachya halchalinchya darmyan pranyala atirikt karshan deto asey manale jaate.
lipid chayapachay sambandhat, "see. elegansmadhye sastan pranyanchya tulanet poshak tatve denyasathi konatihi vishesh charbiyukt ootee, swadupind, yakrut kinwa agadi rakt dekhil nasate. tyaeivaji tatasth lipids aatade, bahya tvacha aanee bhrunamadhye sathavale jaatat. epidermis haah mukhya triglyceride depo asalyamule sastan pranyanchya edipocytes sambandhit asato.
ghasa haah 'see' chya shirshasthani asalela snayuyukt ann pump aahe. elegans, "jeey cross-sectionmadhye trikoni aahe. heey ann dalate aanee thet aatadyat pohochavate. zadap peshincha' sanch ghasa aatadyashi jodato, parantu haah zadap kassa karya karato heey samjat nahee. pachnanantar, itar serve sutrakrumeenpramanech aatadyatil ghatak gudashayadvare sodale jaatat. drav mootra sodanyat karya karnari ghasa aanee utsarjak naal yanchyat konatahi thet sambandh astitvat nahee.
purushanmadhye eka-lobe gonad, eka vaas deference aanee sangmababat vishesh asaleli shepati asate, jyat speacules asatat. hermaphroditesmadhye done andashay, andashay aanee shukranu aanee ekach garbhashay asate. 
"see. eleganschya neuronsmadhye dendrites asatat jeey peshipasoon neurotransmitter prapt karnyasathi vistartat aanee neuronsemadhil synaptic connectionsathi cheta ringparyant ('mendu') vistaranari prakriya asate. "see. elegansmadhye 'motor uttejak aanee pratibandhatmak neurons asatat, jyanna collinergic aanee gabergic neurons mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey fakt lahan pranyasathi pudhil niyaman mhanoon karya karatat. neuron aaveg niyantrit karnyavyatirikt tyancha majjasansthevar konatahi prabhav padat nahee.
aatadyantil daane.
aatadyatil anek daane 'see' chya aatadyat asatat. elegans, "jyachi karye adyap purnapane dnyat naheet, tasech yaa sutrakrumiche itar anek pailu aahet, anek varshe abhyas karoonahi. heey aatadyantil daane serve rabditida kramanmadhye aadhaltat. teey lysosomeshi khoop samyapurn aahet kaaran tyanchyat aamleey aateel bhag aanee endocytosischi kshamata aahe, parantu teey barech mothe aahet, jyamule tyanche sathavan avyav asalyache drushya balkat hote.
danyanche eka ullekhaneey vaishishtya mhanje jevha teey atinil prakashat disatat, tevha teey tivra nile pratidipti utsarjit karoon pratikriya detat. aanakhi eka ghatana aadhalalyas tyala 'death fluorescence' mhanatat. krumee martat tevha nilya pratidipicha eka natyamay sphot utsarjit hoto. haah mrutyu pratidipti samanyatah aatdyansah firana mageel laharichya agrabhagi hoto aanee ghatak dukhapatila balee padala asso kinwa vruddhapkalane shantpane maran pavala asso, tarun aanee vruddha donhi kruminmadhye disun yeto.
aatadyanchya kanyanchya karyanvar anek siddhant mandale gele aahet, jyat aadhichya siddhantanna nantarchya nishkarshandware kadhoon takale gele aahe. teey zinkla tyanchya karyanpaiki eka mhanoon sathavatat asey manale jaate. alikadil rasayanik vishleshanane tyat asaleli nilee pratideepi samagri anthranylic acid (aa) chey glycosylated swaroop mhanoon olakhali aahe. aatadyatil anek kanyanmadhye mothya pramanat aechee garaj kitee aahe yavar prashnachinh upasthit kele jaate. eka shakyata ashee aahe qee aa jivanurodhi aahe aanee aakraman karananya rogjankanpasun sanrakshanasathi vaparale jaate. dusari shakyata ashee aahe qee daane prakash sanrakshn pradan karatat; aa pratidiptichya sphotanmadhye hanikarak uv prakashache tulanene nirupadravi drishyaman prakashat rupantar hote. haah melaninyukt melanosomeshi sambhavya duva asalyache disun yete.
punarutpadan.
hermaphrodietic krumee haah swa-vandhya madicha eka vishesh prakar manla jaato, kaaran tyacha soma maadee asato. hermaphrodietic germline pratham narr gamet tayar karate aanee antargat garbhadhananantar tyachya garbhashayatun undy ghalate. hermaphrodites tyanche serve shukranu ell 4 tappyat (prati gonadal bahoo 150 shukranu peshi) tayar karatat aanee nantar keval andakosh tayar karatat. pratham andakosh shukranunna shukranunmadhye dhaklat nahee toparyant (eka kaksh jyamadhye shukranundware andakosh falit hotat), andakoshapramanech shukranunchya peshi gonadchya tyach bhagat sathavun thevun andakosh mhanoon hermaphrodietic gonad karya karate.
purush hermaphrodite garbhadhan karoo shakato, jeey pradhanyane purush shukranuncha vapar karel (donhi prakarche shukranu shukranunmadhye sathavale jaatat). 
 see" chey shukranu. elegans 'amyboid aahe, jyamadhye flagela aanee acrosomscha abhav aahe. jevha swatah garbhadhan kele jaate, tevha jangali prakarcha keeda sumare 300 undy ghalato. jevha purushadvare garbhadhan kele jaate, tevha santatichi sankhya 1,000 peksha jaast asoo shakate. hermaphrodites samanyatah itar hermaphrodites sangopan karat naheet. 20°seey. varr, prayogshaletil 'see' chaa taana. elegansche (aine2) sarasari ayushya sumare 2-3 aathvade aanee pidhicha kalavadhi 3 teey 4 divas asato.
"see. elegansmadhye autosomeschya paach jodya aanee laingik gunasutranchi eka jodee asate. see madhye ling. elegans 'heey x0 ling-nirdharan pranalivar aadharit aahe. see. chey hermaphrodites. elegansmadhye laingik gunasutranchi julanari jodee (XX) asate; durmil purushanmadhye fakt eka ling gunasutra (x0) asate.
ling nirdharan.
"see. elegans heey bahutekatah hermaphrodietic jeev aahet, jeey shukranu aanee andakosh donhi tayar karatat. purush heey loksankhyemadhye 200 paiki andaje 1 hermaphrodite darane aadhaltat, parantu donhi linganmadhye khoop farak aahe. narr tyanchya hermaphroditic samakakshanpeksha vegale asatat kaaran teey lahan asatat aanee tyanchya shepatichya aakaradvare olakhale jaau shakatat. "see.elegans 'androdiocy' navachya prakriyedvare punarutpadit karatat. yacha arth teey done prakare punarutpadan karoo shakatatah ektar hermaphroditesmadhye swayam-fertilisationdware kinwa naransah prajnan karananya hermaphroditesdware. ardhasutranadarmyan ex gunasutranchya vichhedan naan jhalyamule purush tayar hotat. swayam-fertilisationdware punarutpadan karananya kruminmadhye uchch sambandh asamatol honyacha dhoka asato, jyamule loksankhyet anuvanshik vividhata qamee hote aanee hanikarak eleelchya sanchayat vaadh hote. see. madhye. elegans, "sharirik ling nirdharan heey" tra-1 "janukala shrey dile jaate. tra-1' heey tra-1 pratilekhan ghatak ling nirdharan margatil eka januk aahe jeey pratilekhanantar niyantrit kele jaate aanee stree vikasala protsahan deuun karya karate. hermaphroditesmadhye (XX), "tra-1" kriyakalapanchi uchch patali asate, jee stree prajnan pranali tayar karate aanee purush vikasas pratibandh karate. tyanchya jivanchakrachya eka vishisht velee, praudhatvachya eka divas aadhi, tyanchya shepatijaval eka yoni jodalyane hermaphrodites olakhale jaau shakatat. purushanmadhye (xo), 'tra-1' kriyakalapanchi patali qamee asate, parinami purush prajnan pranali tayar hote. alikadil sanshodhanat asey disun aale aahe qee "fame-1, fame-2 aanee fame-3" hii aanakhi teen januke aahet, jee tra-1 marg nakaratmakpane niyantrit karatat aanee "see" madhye ling antim nirdharak mhanoon karya karatat. elegans ".
utkranti.
see madheel ling nirdharan pranali. elegans haah eka vishay aahe joou shastradnyanna anek varshanpasun swarasyapoorn aahe. tyancha vapar eka aadarsh jeev mhanoon keela jaat asalyane, tyanchi ling nirdharan pranali kashee vikasit jhaali asavi yabaddal sapadaleli konatihi mahitee itar jivanmadhye utkrantivadi jivashastra sanshodhan pudhe neuu shakate. jawaljawal 30 varshanchya sanshodhananantar, shastradnyanni asha pranalichya utkrantimadhye ghatak ekatra thevanyas suruvat kelee aahe. tyanni jeey shodhale aahe teey asey aahe qee tyat eka guntagunticha marg aahe jyamadhye niyantranache anek thurr aahet. jawalcha sambandh asalelya 'synorhabditis brigsey' yaa jivacha vyapak abhyas karnyat aala aahe aanee tyachya sampoorn genome sequencemule 'see' chya utkrantimadhye haravalelya tukadyanna ekatra thevanyas madat jhaali aahe. eleganscha ling nirdharan. asey aadhalun aale aahe qee done januke aatmasat jhaali aahet, jyamule xol-1 aanee mix-1 hii prathine 'c' madheel ling nirdharanavar parinam karatat. elegansadekhil. xol-1 margatil utparivartananmule 'c' madhye stritvikaran hote. elegans."micks-1" januk heey ex gunasutra hypoactivate karnyasathi olakhale jaate aanee see madhye purush shepatichya aakarvidnyan niyantrit karate. elegans."sampoorn sutrakruminkade pahata, narr aanee hermaphrodite ling bahudha samantar utkrantitun vikasit jhaale. samantar utkrantichi vyakhya samaan paristhitit purvajankadun vikasit honari samaan vaishishtye mhanoon kelee jaate; sopya shabdat sangayache tarr, donhi prajati kalantarane samaan prakare vikasit hotat. yache eka udaharan mhanje marsupial aanee placental sastan prani. shastradnyanni asehi gruhit dharale aahe qee hermaphrodite alaingik punarutpadan kinwa 'selfing', 'see' sarkhya prajatincha abhyas karoon ektritpane vikasit jhaale asave. lingnirdharan utkrantivaril eleganschya itar abhyasatoon asey soochit hote qee shukranuncha samavesh asaleli januke mahila janukanpeksha jalad gatine vikasit hotat. tathapi, ex gunasutravaril shukranunchya janukanni utkrantiche praman qamee kele aahe. shukranunchya janukanmadhye lahan coding anukram, uchch coden purvagrah aanee anath janukanmadhye asman pratinidhitva asate. shukranunchya janukanchi hii vaishishtye tyanchya utkrantichya uchch pramanasathi kaaran asoo shakatat aanee hermaphrodite kruminmadhun shukranunchi januke kashee vikasit jhaali heey dekhil suchavu shakatat. ekandarit, shastradnyanna 'see' madheel ling nirdharan margachi samanya kalpana aahe. elegans, "tathapi, haah marg kassa tayar jhaala yachee utkranti adyap changlya prakare paribhashit keleli nahee.
vikas.
garbh vikas.
falit zaigot rotational holoblastic klivejmadhun jaato.
andakoshamadhye shukranuncha pravesh agravarti-pashch aksh tayar honyas suruvat karato. shukranunchya sukshmanalikanche aayojan kendra shukranunchya pronucleuschi halchal garbhachya bhavishyatil pashch dhruvakade nirdeshit karate, tarr samprathine, peshidravya nirdharan ghatakancha eka gut, tyanchya yogya sthananvar halchal karnyas dekhil pravrutt karate. samaan prathinanchya vitaranatil farkacha parinam mhanoon, pratham peshi vibhajan atyant asamamiteey asate. "see. elegansche bhrunjanan heey asamam peshi vibhajanachya sarvat changlya samajalya gelelya udaharananpaiki eka aahe.
germalinechya serve peshi ekach adim jantu peshitoon udbhavtat, jyala 'pii4' peshi mhanatat, jee bhrunjananpurv kalat sthapan hote. hii adim peshi done germline purvavarti tayar karnyasathi vibhajit hote, jeey andotpadan hoiparyant pudhe vibhajit hott naheet.
aksh rachana.
pahilya peshi vibhajanachya parinami yenanya dotter peshinna aii. bii. peshi (paar-6 aanee paar-3 asaleli) aanee pii. 1 peshi (paar-1 aanee paar-2 asaleli) mhanatat. dusya peshi vibhaganimule aii. bii. peshitoon aii. bii. pii. aanee aii. bii. aii. peshi tayar hotat aanee pii. 1 peshitoon eae. emm. ess. aanee pii. 2 peshi tayar hotat. haah vibhag prushthbhag-ventral aksh sthapit karato, jyamadhye aii. bii. pii. peshi prushthbhagachi bajoo tayar karate aanee eae. emm. ess. peshi ventral bajoo chinhankit karate. doubleu. aine. tii. sanketandware, pii. 2 peshi eae. emm. ess. peshila purv-pashch akshasah vibhajit karanyachi soochana dete. notch signalingdware, pii2 peshi aii. bii. pii. aanee aii. bii. aii. peshi vegalya prakare nirdisht karate, jee pudhe prushthbhag-ventral aksh paribhashit karate. davya-ujavya akshala dekhil bhrunjanan lavkar spasht hote, jaree too aksh kevha nishchit keela jaato heey agadi spasht nahee. tathapi, ell-aar aksh vikasachya bahutek siddhantanmadhye aii. bii. peshipasoon prapt jhalelya peshinmadhye kahee prakarche farak samavisht asatat.
jatharprashvas.
garbh 24 peshinchya tappyavar pohochalyanantar jatharpradah hoto. see. elegans hii protostomeschi eka prajati aahe, tyamule blastopore akheris tond tayar karate. blastoporemadhye pravesh karane endoderm peshinchya halchali aanee tyanantar aatadyachya nirmitipasoon suru hote, tyanantar pii4 germline purvavarti aanee shevati mesoderm peshi, jyat akheris swarayantra tayar karananya peshi samavisht asatat. hypoblastche epiboli blastopore bund karate tevha jatharpradah sampato.
bhrunanantarcha vikas.
punarutpadanasathi anukool paryavaraniy paristhitit, ugam pavalele alya 20°seey. tapmanat keval 3 divasant ell1, ell2, ell3 aanee ell4 yaa chaar alyanchya tappyanmadhun vikasit hotat. jevha paristhiti tanavpurn asate, jase qee annachi kamatarata, atyadhik loksankhyechi ghanata kinwa uchch tapman, "qa. elegans ell2dii yaa paryayi tisya alya tappyat pravesh karoo shakatat, jyala doyer stage mhanatat (doyer haah kayamswarupi german aahe). eka vishisht doyer ferromon doyer avasthetil pravesh niyantrit karato. heey ferromon 3,6-diadeoxy sakhar, escarilogechya samaan derivativespasoon banalele aahe. escarillose besavaroon naav dilele escarosides heey anek ling-vishisht aanee samajik vartananmadhye guntalele asatat. asha prakare, teey eka rasayanik bhasha tayar karatat jee "see. eleganscha vapar vividh phenotypemadhye badal karnyasathi keela jaato. doyer alya tanav-pratirodhak asatat; tyaa patal asatat aanee tyanche tond vishisht doyer cuticalne seal kelele asate aanee ann gheu shakat nahee. teey kahee mahine yaa tappyat rahoo shakatat. jevha paristhiti alyanchya vadhisathi anukool hote, tevha avastha sampate, jaree gonadcha vikas ell 2 tappyat thambavala gela asala taree aata ell 4 tappyat too dhavalato.
pratyek tappyatil sankraman krumichya pardarshak tvachechya gathidvare viramchinhit kele jaate. yaa tappyanmadhun honare sankraman heterochronic margachya janukandware niyantrit kele jaate, jeey utkrantivadi sanrakshanane sanrakshit kelelya niyamak ghatakancha sanch aahe. micrornasathi anek vishamkronik januke code karatat, jee vishamkronik pratilekhan ghatak aanee itar vishamkronik mirananchya abhivyaktivar dadapatat. mirna moolatah 'see' madhye sapadale hote. elegans."visham-chronic janukandware niyantrit mahattvachya vikasatmak ghatananmadhye hypodermic shivan peshinche vibhajan aanee shevati samanvayatmak sanlayan aanee tarun praudhanmadhye tyanche tyanantarche aleche srav yancha samavesh hoto. asey manale jaate qee vishamkronik marg circadian ghadyalanchya utkrantivadi sanrakshit purvavartiche pratinidhitva karato.
kahee sutrakrumeenmadhye peshinchi eka nishchit, anuvanshikdrushtya nirdharit sankhya asate, jee eka ghatana aahe jyala yutali mhanatat. praudh 'see. eleganschya hermaphroditemadhye 959 sharirik peshi asatat aanee purushanmadhye 1033 peshi asatat, jaree asey suchavale gele aahe qee matanni anubhavalelya aatadyatil sukshmajivanna pratisad mhanoon tyanchya aatadyansambandhi peshinchi sankhya eka teey teenane vadhu shakate. bahutek sahitya purushanmadhil peshinchi sankhya 1031 asey varnan karate, parantu davya aanee ujavya emm. see. emm. chey neuronschya jodichya shodhamule 2015 madhye hii sankhya donane vadhali. alya kalavadhichya shevati peshinchi vibhagani thambalyanantar peshinchi sankhya badalat nahee aanee tyanantarchi vaadh keval vaiyaktik peshinchya aakarat vaadh jhalyamule hote.
paryavaran.
vividh "synorhabditis" prajati vividh poshak aanee jivanuyukt vatavaran vyapatat. teey sendriya padarth (sukshmabhakshi) kshay honyat vikasit honanya jivanunna khatat. swayampurn loksankhyela aadhar denyasathi matimadhye purese sendriya padarth nasatat. "see. elegans 'vividh jivanunchya aaharavar jagoo shakatat, parantu tyanche vanya paryavaran mothya pramanat adnyat aahe. bahutek prayogshaletil prabhed baag aanee compostchya dhigaonyasarkhya krutrim vatavaranatun ghetale gele hote. alikadech, "see. elegans 'itar prakarchya sendriya padarthanmadhye, visheshtah kujalelya falanmadhye bharbharatila aalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
"see. elegans pradushakanche, visheshtah lahan nanoplasticsche sevan dekhil karoo shakatat, jeey pratijaivik-pratirodhak jivanunshi sambandh prasthapit karoo shakatat, parinami nanoplastics aanee pratijaivik-pratirodhak jivanuncha prasar 'see' dware hoto. mativar 'elegans'. <br> "c. elegans 'cryptococcus laurenti' aanee 'see' yasah yeastchya vividh prajatincha dekhil vapar karoo shakatat. quetzingi, "annacha ekmev srot mhanoon. jaree eka jivanubhakshi, "see. elegans heey anek rogkarak jivanundware marle jaau shakatat, jyat staphylococcus aurius, seudomonas eruginosa, salmonela enterica kinwa enterococcus facalis yasarkhya manvi rogjankancha samavesh aahe. rogkarak jivanu biophilms dekhil tayar karoo shakatat, jyanche chikat exopolymer matricks 'see' madhye adthala aanoo shakatat. eleganschi gatishilata aanee kavchachya jivanu korammule shikari shodhanyavarun chemoetractantschi jaaniv hote.
millipid, keetak, isopods aanee gastropods yasarkhe aprushthavanshi prani dier alya vividh yogya thikani vahoon neuu shakatat. alya martat tevha tyanchya yajmananna khatat asehi disun aale aahe.
<bii. aar.> sutrakrumi sukavanyapasun aanee 'see' madhye tiku shakatat. elegans, "yaa kshamatechi yantrana usheera bhrunjanan prathine bharpur asalyache darshavile gele aahe.
<br> "c. elegans, itar sutrakrumeenpramanech, shikari sutrakrumi aanee kahee kitkansah itar sarvabhakshi prani khau shakatat.
aursey vishanu haah eka vishanu aahe joou 'see' laa prabhavit karato. elegans, tasech synorhabditis elegans see. aar. 1 vishanu aanee synorhabditis elegans see. aar. 13 vishanu.
synorhabditis elegans" chey vanya vilag sukshmasporidiya burshimule niyamitpane sansargat aadhaltat. ashich eka prajati, "nematosida paricy", "see" chya aatadyanmadhye pratikruti tayar karate. elegans ".
"arthrobotris oligospora" haah burshi aanee sutrakruminmadhil parasparsanvadasathi aadarsh jeev aahe. hii sarvat samanya aanee vyapak sutrakrumi capture karnari burshi aahe.
aadarsh jeev mhanoon vapara.
1963 madhye, sidney brainerne 'see' vaparnyacha prastav mandala. pramukhyane pranyanmadhil majjatantu vikasachya tapasanisathi eka aadarsh jeev mhanoon elegans. hii majjasanstha asalelya sarvat sopya jivanpaiki eka aahe. neurons krutee kshamata pradarshit karat naheet aanee konatyahi voltage-gated soodiyam vahinya vyakt karat naheet. hermaphroditemadhye, yaa pranalimadhye, jyacha namuna sarvasamaveshakpane mapp keela gela aahe, joou eka jodgola mhanoon olakhala jaato aanee eka lahan-jaagtik jaale mhanoon darshavila gela aahe, asha, 302 neuronscha samavesh aahe.
sanshodhanat 'see' chya anek vartananvar niyantran thevana majjatantu aanee aanvik yantranecha shodh ghenyat aala aahe. elegans, jyamadhye chemotaxis, thermotaxis, mechanotransduction, learning, memory aanee samagam vartan yancha samavesh aahe. 2019 madhye narche jodape hermaphroditesathi vaparlya jaananya tantrapeksha vegale tantra vaparoon prakashit karnyat aale. tyach kagdane hermaphrodite jodasutra punha karnyasathi naveen tantracha vapar keela, 1500 naveen synaps shodhale.
chayapachay roganmadhil aanvik yantranecha abhyas karnyasathi eka aadarsh jeev mhanoon yacha vapar keela gela aahe. 
mothya pramanat vadhane sope aanee anuvanshik vishleshanasathi soyiche asalyane brainerne dekhil teey nivadle. haah eka bahukoshikiy eukariotic jeev aahe, tarihi tyacha sakhol abhyas karane purese sope aahe. see' chee pardarshakta. elegans 'akhand jivanmadhil pesheey vibhedacha aanee itar vikasatmak prakriyancha abhyas sulabh karate. purushanmadhil speacules spashtapane purush aanee mahilanmadhye farak karatat. jaatiche prabhed prajnan karnyasathi swast asatat aanee gothavale jaau shakatat. tyanantar vitalalyavar, teey vyavharya rahatat, jyamule dirghakalin sathavan shakya hote. itar bahukoshikiy pratikruti jivanchya tulanet dekhbhal karane sope aahe. kahishe sutrakrumi ekach aggar platever aanee vadhichya yogya madhyamavar thevata yetat. brainerne 'eae' chya utparivartak vaparache varnan kele. kolai-aup 50. aup 50 haah eurasilchi aavashyakta asalela jeev aahe aanee platemadhil tyachi kamatarata jivanunchi vaadh rokhate jee kruminna aspasht karel. aup 50chya vaparasathi prayogshaletil konatyahi mothya suraksha upayanchi aavashyakta nasate, kaaran teey rogkarak nasate aanee luria-bertani (ell. bii.) madhyamanmadhye ratrabhar sahajpane vadhavale jaate.
peshi vansh mapping.
pratyek sharirik peshiche vikasatmak bhavitavya (praudh hermaphroditemadhye 959; praudh purushamadhye 1031) mapp kele gele aahe. peshi vanshache heey namune vyaktinmadhye mothya pramanat aparivartaniy asatat, tarr sastan pranyanmadhye, peshincha vikas garbhachya pesheey sanketanvar adhik avalambun asato.
aadhi namood kelyapramane, prarambhik bhrunjananche pahile peshi vibhajan 'see' madhye hote. elegans hii asampeshinchya vibhaganichi sarvat changlya prakare samajali jaanari udaharane aahet aanee vikasatmak jivashastrachya abhyasasathi krumee hii eka atishay lokpriy pratikruti pranali aahe.
kramvarit peshi mrutyu.
program kelelya peshi mrutyumule (apoptosis) anek atirikt peshi nasht hotat (hermaphroditemadhye 131, jyapaiki bahutek neurons banatil); yaa "apoptotic purvanumeyata" neey kahee apoptotic janukanchya spashtikaranat yogdan dile aahe. peshi mrutyula chalana denari januke aanee ekach peshi-mrutyu avarodhak olakhale gele aahet.
aar. aine. aii. hastakshep aanee januk shantata.
aar. aine. aii. hastakshep (aar. aine. aii.) hii vishisht janukanchya karyat vyatyay aananyachi tulanene saral paddhat aahe. janukache karya shant kelyane kahivela sanshodhkala tyachya sambhavya karyacha andaj lavta yeto. sutrakrumeenmadhye bhijavale jaau shakate, injection dile jaau shakate kinwa anuvanshikdrushtya rupantarit jivanu dile jaau shakatat jeey duheri-adakalele aar. aine. aii. darshavtat, jyacha kram sanshodhkala aksham karoo ichchit asalelya janukanchya kramache purak aahe.
karyatmak genomicschya abhyasat aar. aine. eae. heey eka shaktishali sadhan mhanoon udayas aale aahe. "see. januk karyanche vishleshan karnyasathi aanee paddhatshir anuvanshik parasparsanvadamadhye bhavishyatil nishkarshanchya aashvasanacha dawa karnyasathi eleganscha vapar keela gela aahe.
synorhabditis" yaa vanshatil kruminchya itar prajatinmadhye paryavaraniy ranaiche sevan khoopach white aahe. jaree pranyachya sharirachya pokalit aar. aine. aii. injection dilyane bahutek prajatinmadhye janukanche maun nirman hote, fakt 'see. elegans aanee itar kahee durvarchya sambandhit sutrakrumi, teey rayasathi khaat asalelya jivanunmadhun aar. aine. aii. gheu shakatat. hii kshamata ekach janukamadhye, 'seed-2' madhye mapp kelee gelee aahe, jee jevha itar prajatinmadhye transgene mhanoon ghatali jaate, tevha tyanna 'see' mhanoon aar. aine. aii. swikaranyachi parvanagi dete. elegans "karato.
peshi vibhajan aanee peshi chakr.
ardhasutranatil sanshodhan barech sope kele gele aahe kaaran pratyek sukshmajantu peshiche kendrak gonadchya khalee sarakate tyach sthiteet asate, tasech ardhasutranamadhye tyach tappyavar asate. ardhasutranachya suruvatichya tappyat, andakosh kiranotsargas atyant pratirodhak hotat aanee haah pratikar 'reed 51' aanee 'atm' yaa janukanchya abhivyaktivar avalambun asato, jyachi punarsanyojit durustimadhye mahattvachi bhoomika asate. ardhasutranadarmyan dii. aine. aii. chya hanichya punarsanyojit durustimadhye januk "emm. aar. eae-11" dekhil mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavate. naisargik loksankhyetil bahirgaman varanvartechya abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee 'see' madhye swasanrakshan hii punarutpadanachi pramukh paddhat aahe. elegans, "parantu tyaa kvachitach honanya ghatana sumare 1 takke darane ghadatat. selfingmadhye parinami honanya mayoses fayadeshir anuvanshik parivartanshilatemadhye lakshaniy yogdan denyachi shakyata nahee, parantu heey mayoses visheshtah tanavpurn paristhitit udbhavananya dii. aine. aii. nukasananchya punarsanyojit durusticha anukool laabh pradan karoo shakatat.
amali padarthancha durupyog aanee vyasan.
nikotinavaril avalambanacha abhyas 'see' vaparoon dekhil keela jaau shakato. elegans "kaaran teey nikotinala vartanatmak pratisad darshavate jeey sastan pranyanchya samantar asate. yaa pratisadanmadhye tivra pratisad, sahishnuta, maghar aanee sanvedansheelata yancha samavesh hoto.
jaivik databases.
bahutek aadarsh jivansathi, yaa kshetrat kaam karnare shastradnya eka samarpit online databases tayar karatat aanee wormbases haah "see" sathee aahe. elegans ". wormbases "see" varr prakashit keleli serve mahitee ektrit karnyacha prayatna karato. elegans aanee itar sambandhit sutrakrumi. tyanchya sanketsthalane jawalun sambandhit sutrakrumeenchya naveen prajaticha shodh ghenanya vyaktila 4000 dollarsche bakshis denyachi jahirat kelee aahe. asha shodhamule krumisah sanshodhanachya sandhee vistrut hotil.
vruddhatva.
"see. elegans haah vruddhatvachya sanshodhanasathi eka aadarsh jeev aahe; udaharanarth, insulinsarkhya vadhichya ghatakachya sanket margachya pratibandhamule praudhanche ayushya tippat vadhalyache disun aale aahe; tarr glucose aaharamule oxidative tanav vadhato aanee praudhanche ayushya nimmyane qamee hote. tyachpramane, aayurmanat usheera insulin/aay. jee. eff.-1 receptorchya parinami jhalelya hasamule kruminche ayurman lakshaniyaritya vadhale. 
see" chey dirghkal tikanare utparivartak. elegans heey oxidative taana aanee uv prakashas pratirodhak asalyache darshavile gele. yaa dirghkal tikananya utparivartananmadhye vanya-prakarchya 'see' peksha jaast dii. aine. aii. durusti kshamata hotee. elegans ". nucleotide vichhedan durusti januk ex. pii. aii.-1chya khalee padalyane yuu. vhee. chee sanvedansheelata vadhali aanee dirghkal tikananya utparivartanancha ayurman qamee jhaale. heey nishkarsh soochit karatat qee dii. aine. aii. durusti kshamata dirghayushyavar avalambun aahe.
nucleotide chhedan durustichya prakriyedvare dii. aine. aii. chey nuksan durust karanyachi kshamata vayanusar qamee hote.
"see. 5 miimii lithiyam chloride (ell. aay. see. ell.) chya samparkat aalelya elegansche ayushya dirghkal asalyache disun aale. 10 microsoftchya samparkat aalyavar, mrutyudar qamee jhalyache disun aale, parantu 1 microsoftchya babatit nahee.
"see. alzheimer rogat guntalelya prajanakanchi karye olakhanyasathi eleganschi mahattvachi bhoomika rahili aahe, jase qee presenillin. shivay, 'see' varr vyapak sanshodhan. elegansne rogjantu aanee prarambhik bhrun vikasadarmyan aar. aine. aii.-bandhan prathine heey aavashyak ghatak mhanoon olakhale aahet.
telomeres, jyachi lambi vadhiv ayurmanashi aanee anek jivanmadhye vruddhatvachya vilambit suruvatishi sambandhit asalyache darshavile gele aahe, see pasoon. elegans 'manavanna,' see 'madhye eka manoranjak vartan dakhavtat. elegans."tarr" see. elegans "itar eucariotspramanech tyachya telomereschi canonical paddhatine dekhbhal karatat, yaulat telomeresachya utprerak upghatkala (" tii. aar. tii.-1 ") baher kadhatana, telomeres rakhanyasathi retrotransposenceae vaparat" drosophila melanogaster "lakshaniy aahe. elegans paryayi telomere lambi vadhavanyachi (ault) kshamata midvu shakatat. "see. canonical telomeres margatoon baher padlyanantar ault karyakshamta midavanara elegans haah pahila eukariot hota. serve vaidyakeey karkaroganpaiki sumare 10-15% madhye dekhil ault disun yete. tyamule "see. elegans 'haah ault sanshodhanasathi pramukh umedvar aahe. bayat aanee itar. tii. aar. tii.-1" atee-abhivyaktidarmyan telomeresche virodhabhasi lahan hone darshavile jyamule vandhyatva jawal yete, tarr lahan telomeres asoonahi kruminchya aayurmanat kinchit vaadh dekhil disun aalee.
zope.
"see. zopesarkhya sthitee darshavinara sarvat adim jeev mhanoon elegans heey pranyanchya zopechya abhyasat ullekhaneey aahe. see. madhye. elegans, "pratyek moltchya thodya vel aadhi susticha tappa yeto. "see. ushmaghat, yuu. vhee. kiranotsarg aanee jivanu vishari padarthansah sharirik tanavachya samparkat aalyanantar elegans zopalyache dekhil disun aale aahe.
sanvedanatmak jivashastra.
krumeela dolhe nasale taree, prakash-sanvedanshil prani prakashgrahak prathinanchya tisya prakaramule, light-1 mule too prakashasathi sanvedanshil asalyache aadhalun aale aahe, jeey prakash shoshanyat pranyanchya samrajyat aadhalanaya itar done prakarchya prakashdravyanpeksha (opsin aanee cryptochrome) 10 teey 100 putt adhik karyaksham aahe.
"see. elegans 'praveg sahan karnyat ullekhaniyaritya parangat aahe. brazilmadhil saao paulo vidyapithachya anuvanshik tadnyanchya matey, teey 400,000 gramcha samna karoo shakate. eka prayogat, tyapaiki 96 takke ultracentrifugemadhe eka taas ghalavalyanantarhi pratikool parinamanshivay jiwant hote.
antaral uddan sanshodhan.
"see. februwari 2003 madhye space shuttle 'kolambiya' chya durghatanetun namune bachavale asalyache aadhalun aale tevha elegansne batami tayar kelee. nantar, janewari 2009 madhye, 'see' chey jiwant namune. snayunchya vikasavar aanee sharirshastravar shoonya gurutvakarshanache parinam shodhanyasathi antaral sanshodhan prakalpat, tyaa octobermadhye, 'elegans' heey 'nottingham vidyapith' madheel aantarrashtriy antaral sthankavar done aathvade ghalvat asalyachi ghoshana karnyat aalee. heey sanshodhan pramukhyane snayu kshinatechya anuvanshik aadharabaddal hote, jeey antaral uddan kinwa antharunavar padalele, vruddha kinwa madhumehi asanyashi sambandhit hote. 2003 madhye kolambiyatil kruminchya vanshajanna ess. tii. ess.-134 mohimesathi 'prayatna' karoon antaralat pathvanyat aale. antaral uddanadarmyan snayukshayavar atirikt prayog december 2018 pasoon suru honanya aay. ess. aay. chya mandalavar kele jaatil.
anuvanshiki.
genome.
"see. elegans haah pahila bahukoshikiy jeev hota jyacha sampoorn genome kramvarit hota. haah kram 1998 madhye prakashit karnyat aala, jaree kahee lahan antar upasthit hote; shevatche antar aktoobar 2002 paryant purn jhaale. sampoorn jeenomparyant "see". elegans 'sequencing consortium/' see. eleganschya genome prakalpane willson aanee itaransah anek aanshik scan jaaree kele. 1994.
janukancha aakar aanee samagri.
see. eleganscha genome sumare 10 kotee kshar jodya lamb asato aanee tyat hermaphroditesmadhil gunasutranchya sahaa jodya kinwa purush 'see' madheel exo gunasutrasaha autosomeschya paach jodya asatat. elegans aanee mitochondrial genome. tyachi januk ghanata paach kilo-bases jodyanmage sumare eka januk asate. genomemadhe intron 26 takke aanee aantarjanukiy pradesh 47 takke aahet. anek januke samoohanmadhye vyavasthit kelee jaatat aanee tyapaiki kitee opron aahet heey aspasht aahe. "see. elegans aanee itar sutrakrumi heey sadhya oprons asalele kahee yukeriyotsapaiki aahet; yamadhye trypanosome, flatworm (visheshtah trematode "systosoma mansony") aanee eka adim cordate tunicate "oikopleura diock" yancha samavesh aahe. aanakhi anek jivanmadhye heey opron asalyache disun yenyachi shakyata aahe.
yaa genomemadhe andaje 20,470 prathine-coding januke aahet. sumare 35 takke 'see. eleganschya janukanmadhye manvi samarupata asatat. ullekhaneey mhanje, manvi januke tyanchya 'see' chee jaaga varanvar ghet asalyache disun aale aahe. see' madhye sadar kelyavar elegans 'homolog. elegans ". yaulat, anek 'see. eleganschi januke sastan pranyanchya janukanpramanech karya karoo shakatat.
2006 saalee '21yuu-rna' janukanchya naveen vargachya shodhamule januksanchatil dnyat rna janukanchi sankhya mothya pramanat vadhali aahe aanee 2005 salichya 1,300 janukanchya tulanet aata yaa januksanchamadhye 16,000 peksha jaast rna januk asalyache manale jaate.
vaidnyanik curator dnyat janukanchya sanchache moolyankan karat rahatat; naveen januk models jodale jaat rahatat aanee chukichya januk models sudharit kinwa kadhoon takalya jaatat.
sandarbh "see. naveen puravyanmule mool anukramat truti disun yet asalyane eleganscha janukeey kram badalat rahato. bahutek badal kirkol asatat, jyamadhye dii. aine. aii. chya fakt kahee moolbhut jodya jodalya jaatat kinwa kadhoon takalya jaatat. udaharanarth, doubleu. ess. 202 neey wormbaseche prakashan (april 2009) kele aanee genome sequencemadhye done bases jodya jodalya. kahivela, december 2008 chya doubleu. ess. 197 prakashanat namood kelyapramane adhik vyapak badal kele jaatat, jyane kramamadhye 4,300 bii. pii. peksha jaast kshetra jodale.
see. eleganschya genome prakalpache willson ett all. 1994 saalee selvav aanee wonn willebrand ghatak heey willson aanee itarambarobarche eka kshetra aadhalale. 1998 heey prushthavanshiy pranyambaheril eril hydrocarbon receptor (aii. etch. aar.) samarupatesathi pahile vishvasarh purave pradan karate. 2
sambandhit genome.
2003 madhye, sambandhit sutrakrumicha genome kram "see. brigsey dekhil nishchit kele gele, jyamule sanshodhakanna yaa done jivanchya tulanatmak genomicscha abhyas karata aala. samaan vanshatil adhik sutrakruminche genome anukram eae.jee., see. remanei, "see. japonica aanee see. brenary' (brainerchya navavarun) chaa dekhil shotgun sequencing tantracha vapar karoon abhyas keela gela aahe. heey anukram aata purn jhaale aahet.
itar anuvanshik abhyas.
2014 paryant, "see. elegans hii jatijanya abhyasatil 'elegans' supergroupchya (17 prajati) 'elegans' gatatil (10 prajati) sarvat moolbhut prajati aahe. tee gatachya itar konatyahi prajatipeksha vegali swatachi eka shakha tayar karate.
tii. see. 1 transposan haah 'see' madhye sakriy asalela dii. aine. aii. transposan aahe. elegans ".
vaidnyanik samuday.
2002 madhye, shariravidnyan kinwa vaidyakshastratil nobel puraskar sidney brainer, etch. robbert horwitz aanee johnn sulston yanna 'see' madhye avyav vikasachya anuvanshashastravaril tyanchya karyasathi aanee kramvarit peshi mrutyusathi. elegans ". 2006 chaa shariravidnyan kinwa vaidyakshastratil nobel puraskar andreau phayar aanee kregg see. yanna denyat aala. see madheel aar. aine. aii. hastakshep shodhalyabaddal tyanna dhanyavad. elegans ". 2008 madhye, martin chalfi yanna green fluorescent prathinanvaril tyanchya kamasathi rasayanshastratil nobel paritoshik midale; kahee sanshodhanat 'see' chaa vapar samavisht hota. elegans ".
anek shastradnya jeey "see. eleganscha sidney brainershee jawalcha sambandh aahe, jyanchyabarobar yaa kshetratil jawaljawal serve sanshodhan 1970 chya dashakat suru jhaale; tyanni brainerchya prayogshalet kinwa purvi brainersobat kaam kelelya aekhadyachya prayogshalet postdoctoral kinwa padvyuttar sanshodhak mhanoon kaam kele aahe. tyanchya prayogshalet kaam karananya bahutekanni nantar tyanchya swatachya krumee sanshodhan prayogshalanchi sthapana kelee, jyamule 'see' chee byanpaiki changlya prakare dastaivajikaran keleli 'vansh' tayar jhaali. elegansche shastradnya, jeey 2003 chya aantarrashtriy krumee baithakit kahee tapshilvar krumee aadhar detabasemadhye nondavale gele hote.