
achelosaurus

achelosaurus () hii centrosaurin seratopsid dynasorechi eka prajati aahe jee sumare 74.2 dashalaksh varshanpurvi, sadhyachya uttar amerikechya cretaceous kalavadhichya uttaradhat astitvat hotee. jacq hornerchya netrutvakhalil chamoone 1987 madhye montanamadhye 'achelosaurus' chey pahile jivashma gola kele, 1989 madhye adhik shodh lavale. 1994 madhye, scott dii. yanni achelosaurus horneryche varnan aanee naav dile. sampson; greek devata echilasachya sandarbhat samanya navacha arth 'echilas sarada' assa hoto aanee vishisht naav hornercha sandarbh dete. pramukhyane vyaktinchya kavatichya samagricha samavesh asalelya kahee namunyanvarun hii prajati olakhali jaate, jyat kishoravayin teey praudhancha samavesh aahe.
eka mothe centrosaurin, 'achelosaurus' andaje sumare lamb hote, jyache vajan sumare hote. eka syratopsian mhanoon, too chaughanvar chaalat asey, tyachi shepati lahan hotee aanee dokyala thosa asaleli choch mothee hotee. tyachya kavatichya mageel bajus hadanchi maan-aavaran hotee, jyat lamb kalichi jodee hotee, jee baherchya dishene valalelee hotee. praudh 'achelosaurus' chya dolhyanchya varr aanee nakavar khadbadit bahoo (goal fuganare) hote jethe itar centrosaurinsche shinge anekada samaan sthiteet asat. heey boss keratinchya jaad tharane jhakalele hote, parantu tyanchya aayushyatil achook aakar anishchit aahe. kahee sanshodhakanche asey mutt aahe qee, bosscha vapar bhandanat, pranyanni ekmekanchi doki maranyat, tasech pradarshanat keela jaat asey.
syratopsiamadhye, 'achelosaurus' heey clade patchirostramadhye (kinwa 'jaad-snoots') asate. asey suchavale gele aahe qee too samaan vansh "aniosaurus" chaa thet vanshaj hota (jyala spike hote parantu boss navhate) aanee "patchirhinosaurus" chaa thet purvaj hota (jyala mothe boss hote). pahilya done prajati sankramankalin swarupachya asateel, jyaa 'styracosaurus' pasoon anagenesisdware vikasit hott aahet. yaa siddhantavar vadavivad jhaala aahe, nantarchya shodhanmadhye asey disun aale aahe qee 'achelosaurus' haah patchirhinosaurini gatatil 'patchirhinosaurus' shhee jawalcha sambandh aahe. "achelosaurus" heey done aushadhanchya nirmitipasoon olakhale jaate aanee teey larmidia bett khandat rahat hote. eka syratopsian mhanoon, 'achelosaurus' haah eka shakahari prani asata aanee aadhunik sastan prani aanee pakshyanchya tulanet qamee asale taree tyache chayapachay darr uchch asalyache disate.
shodh itihas.
bhuskhalan battesathi hornerchya mohima.
montana yetheel himnadi prantatil done aushadh nirmititun rockie sangrahalayane kelelya utkhananadarmyan serve dnyat "achelosaurus" namune sapadale, jyat ajunahi namune aahet. ghatananchya eka aakasmik sakhalimule heey shodh lagale. 1985 chya vasant rutumadhye, paleantologist johnn "jacq" aar. hornerla kalavanyat aale qee tyala aata vilo khadichya jaagecha fayda ghenyachi parvanagi dilee jaanar nahee, jithe tyane sahaa varshe 'mysaura' andyanchya dongral gharatyacha abhyas keela hota. naveen maidani hangamasathi aadhich vyapak vyavastha kelyamule, tyala achanak paryayi jaaga shodhanyas bhag padale gele. charles whitney gillmore yanchya maidani dindarshikanni hornerla nehmich aakarshit kele hote, jyanni 1928 madhye bhuskhalanadarmyan dynasorechya andyancha shodh lagalyachi nond kelee hotee, parantu tyanchyavar kadhihi prakashit kele nahee. yaa parisarat, gilmorene george fryer sternberg yanna shing asalelya dynasore 'brachyseratops' aanee 'styracosaurus ovetus' chya sangadyanche utkhanan karnyasathi niyukt kele hote. tyaa unhalyat, hornerne blackfit indian aadivasi parishadechi parvanagi ghetali, jyamule bhuskhalanachya butevar jivashmanchi shakyata aahe, jeey blackfit indian aarakshanacha bhag aahe; 1920 chya dashakapasun tethe jhalela haah pahila jivashmashastriy tapas hota. august 1985 madhye, hornerchya sahyogi bobb makelane shetkari rickie reganchya jaminivar eka samruddha jivashma sthal shodhale, jyala dynasore rij kweri mhatale gele aanee tyat shingyukt dynasoreche jivashma hote. 20 juuna 1986 roji, horner aanee makela blackfit indian aarakshanat paratale aanee dynasore rij khaninche kaam punha suru kele, jyat andyanvyatirikt, nantar 'aniosaurus' navachya shing asalelya dynasoreche dozenhoon adhik sangade asalyache siddha jhaale. august 1986 madhye, jawalchya eka thikani-gloria sundakvistachya bhoomivaril, dudh nadichya purvekadil, khonyachya hadanchya talavar-hornerchya chamoone aanakhi eka "ioneosaurus" hadanchya talyacha shodh lavala. yaa prasangi kelelya shodhancha eka bhag mhanje dynasorechi atirikt shing asaleli kavati, namuna morr 492, jyala nantar sandarbhit kele jaeel (i.eae., aupcharikpane niyukt kelele) rubesorus, 2010 madhye 'styracosaurus ovetus' laa dilele vansh naav.
1987 chya maidani hangamat (julaichya suruvatila), svayamsevak sidney emm. hostatorne dongral hadanchya talajaval aanakhi eka shing asaleli dynasorechi kavati shodhali, namuna morr 485. augustchya akheris, tee surakshit kelee gelee hotee aanee dhanya truckver bozmanmadhil rockieschya sangrahalayat nenyat aalee hotee. 23 juuna 1988 roji, jawalpas aanakhi eka thikan sapadale-blacktel khadee uttares. 1989 chya unhalyat, padvidhar vidyarthi scott dii. shinganchya dynasoremadhil frill display sanrachanechya karyacha abhyas karnyachya ichchhene sampson yaa sanghat sameel jhaala. juuna 1989 chya akheris, horner, tyacha mulga jasson aanee tyache pramukh tayaridar carrie ancell yanni blacktel khadijaval, 591 madhye shinganni yukt dynasorecha namuna, eka subudult kavati aanee anshatah postcranial sangada shodhala.
gola kelelya jivashmancha arth lavane.
suruvatila asey manale jaat hote qee mohimandware punarprapt keleli serve shinge asaleli dynasore samagri 'styracosaurus albertances' peksha vegalya ekach 'styracosaurus' prajatila dilee jaau shakate, kaaran jivashma maryadit bhaugolik kalavadhiche pratinidhitva karatat, nantar andaje ardha dashalaksh varshe. hadanvaril starikaranacha abhyas karnare raymond robbert roggers yanni tyala 'styracosaurus' sp mhanoon sambodhale. (anirdharit prajatinche) 1989 madhye. 'styracosaurus ovetus'-jaree kadhikadhi avaidh 'dubium' naav manale gele asale taree-jee dware yaa bhagat aadhich sapadale hote. eff. sternberg aanee too eka spasht umedvar hota. parantu heey shodh vidnyanasathi naveen asalelya prajatiche asanyachi shakyata dekhil vicharat ghenyat aalee. namuna morr 485 chaa shodh lagnyachya kahee divas aadhi vahtook apghatat mrutyu jhalelya bobb makelachya sanmanarth yaa prajatila anaupacharikpane 'styracosaurus makeli' asey naav denyat aale hote. 1990 madhye, heey naav, avaidh 'noodam' mhanoon, stephen cesercus yanchya pustakatil chhayachitra shirshakat disale.
hadrosauridae kutumbatil tadnya horner yanna itar prakarchya dynasoreshi qamee sambandh hota. 1987 aanee 1989 madhye, shingyukt dynasore tadnya pieter dodson yanna naveen syratopsian shodhancha tapas karnyasathi aamantrit karnyat aale hote. 1990 madhye, dodsonne jivashma samgrikade "styracosaurus albertances" pasoon vegale karnyasathi vegalya "styracosaurus ovetus" chya vaidhatesathi cases majboot karnyasathi pahile.
darmyan, horner paristhitibaddal adhik guntaguntichya drushtikonakade aala hota. jivashma samagri haah ekach loksankhyecha bhag aahe asey tyanna ajunahi vatat hote, parantu kalantarane hii eka kalkramanusar prajati mhanoon vikasit jhaali aahe, jee tyanantarchya varganchya maliket vikasit jhaali aahe, assa nishkarsh tyanni kadhala. 1992 madhye, horner, david varichio aanee marqa goodwin yanni montanamadhil gaal aanee dynasorechya sahaa varshanchya kshetra abhyasavar aadharit 'nechar' madhye eka lekh prakashit keela. tyanni prastavit kele qee yaa mohimanmadhye aadhich dnyat asalelya 'styracosaurus' aanee 'patchirhinosaurus' madheel antar pasaravalelya teen 'sankramankalin varg' chaa shodh lagla aahe. yaa kshani, tyanni yaa varganna nave denyas nakar deela. sarvat juna prakar 'sankramankalin vargikaran aaa' mhanoon darshavila gela hota, jyache pratinidhitva pramukhyane kavati morr 492 dware kele gele. nantar 'vargikaran buub' aale-dynasore rij khaan aanee canyon asthi talavache anek sangade. sarvat lahan 'taxon see' hota, jyache pratinidhitva kavati morr 485 aanee blacktel khadiche shinge asalele dynasore jivashma karatat.
sampsonchi nave 'achelosaurus' aahet.
sampsonne 1989 pasoon yaa sahityacha abhyas suru thewala hota. 1994 madhye, society auph kasheruki paleantologychya varshik baithakit eka bhashanat, tyane 'taxon see' laa eka naveen vansh aanee prajati mhanoon 'achelosaurus hornary' asey naav dile. jaree eka saransh purese varnan asalela prakashit karnyat aala asala taree tyat eka holotype, naav denara namuna olakhala gela nahee. 1995 madhye, tyanantarchya lekhat, sampsonne namuna morr 485 haah "achillosaurus hornery" chaa holotype namuna mhanoon soochit keela. samanya navamadhye 'echelas' heey greek pauranik vyaktimatvache naav aanee 'saurus' heey shabd aahet, jeey lattin bhashet greekmadheel saradache naav aahe. achelas (ἀχελος) hii greek nadee devata aanee aakar badalanari devata aahe jee swatahla konatyahi goshtimadhye rupantarit karoo shakali. herculisashi ladhatana, pauranik nayak, achelasane bailasarkhe roop dharan kele, parantu tyache eka shing kadhoon takalyavar too ladhai harla. haah sanket dynasorechya tathakathit sankramanshil vaishishtyancha aanee auntogenetic aanee phylogenetic vikasadvare shinganchya vaishishtyapurn hanicha sandarbh aahe aanee asha prakare vaiyaktik badal aanee utkrantidvare aahe. dodsonne 1996 madhye, mool aanee buddhiman asalyabaddal samanya navachi prashansa kelee. montanamadhil done aushadh nirmitichya dynasorvaril sanshodhanasathi jacq hornercha sanman karnyasathi heey vishisht naav denyat aale aahe. sampsonne tyach lekhat 'ioneosaurus' mhanoon 'taxon bii' chey naav dekhil dile aahe, jyamadhye 'achelosaurus' chey varnan kele hote. teey mhanale qee jivashmashastradnyanni naveen syratopsian vanshanna naav detana savadhgiri balgane aavashyak aahe kaaran tyancha antanirdisht farak (i.eae.ekhadya prajatitil farak) haah aantar-vishisht farak (prajatinmadhil) assa chukicha samajala jaau shakato. 1995 paryant, centrosaurin dynasorechya keval eka naveen vanshala 1950 madheel 'patchirhinosaurus' pasoon naav denyat aale hote, 1986 madhye 'avaceratops'. tyamule visavya shatkachya uttaradhat navachya kahee seratopsid vanshanpaiki eka mhanoon 'achelosaurus' laa vishesh mahatva aahe.
holotype namuna morr 485 haah hostator aanee reey roggerdware cutt bankechya vayvyes asalelya bhuskhalanachya batte kshetratun gola karnyat aala hota. 1995 madhye sampsonne tyache varnan anunasik aanee atee-bahya (dolhyanchya saketchya varchya bhag) bahoo (shinganaivaji goal fugane) aanee parshvik hadansah praudh pranyachi aanshik kavati asey kele. yavyatirikt, morr 485 kavatichya mageel aanee bajuchya kahee hadanche jatan karate, jyaa 2009 madhye tracy ell. neey soochibaddha kelya hotya. ujavya squamosal haad mhanoon phorda, davya squamosal, donhi maxila, donhi lacrimal hadey, donhi quadrate hadey, donhi paletin hadey, mendu aanee basiosipital hadey. 2015 madhye, leonardo myorinone nondavale qee tyach namunyacha eka bhag mhanoon khalchya jabadyacha eka tukada morr 485-7-12-87-4 mhanoon soochibaddha keela gela aahe. dusya praudh vyaktiche ujavya squamosal haad tyach canyon hadanchya bedd sitevaroon moar 485 (aanee tyach sankhyekhali soochibaddha) mhanoon sapadale hote, parantu fakt 2010 madhye nondavale gele. cutt bankechya dakshines blacktel crecover aanakhi done namune gola kele gele aanee 1995 madhye sampsonne "achelausorus" mhanoon sandarbhit kele. namuna moar 591 haah eka aanshik kavati aahe aanee up-praudh namunyacha sumare 60 takke purn sangada aahe jyamadhye mankyacha stambh, shroni, sacrum aanee feamer samavisht aahe. yaat khalchya jabadyancha dekhil samavesh aahe, jyanna morr 591-7-15-89-1 mhanoon soochibaddha kele aahe. kavati aanee khalchya jabade donhi jawaljawal purn aahet, jyat keval mendu aanee pashchbhagacha bhag nahee. morr 591 haah kavatichya payachi lambi sumare asalelya holotaipapeksha lahan aahe. namuna morr 571 madhye anshatah kavati aanee khalchya jabadyanmadhye sambandhit bargadya aanee praudhanchya mankyasah samavisht aahe. kavatimadhye fakt parital asatat aanee khalche jabade tyanchya varchya mageel hadanparyant, surangular aanee articularparyant maryadit asatat. pachva namuna mhanje morr 456.1, eka subudult. yapaiki konatehi namune praudh vayache navhate. andreau mcdonald aanee tyanchya sahkanyanchya matey, 'achelosaurus' haah hadanchya khaata navhe tarr ekal vyaktinche pratinidhitva karato.
sambhavya 'achelosaurus' shodhato.
achelosaurus" laa spashtapane niyukt kelelya jivashmanvyatirikt, itar kahee sahitya sapadale aahe jyanchi olakh anishchit aahe. 1996 madhye sapadalelya dynasore parkchya nirmititil (namuna tii. emm. pii. <aay. dii. 1>) bosses centrosaurin seratopsid namuna 2006 madhye naveen vargikaranatil asalyache suchavale gele hote, parantu tyaeivaji too 'achelosaurus' kinwa 'patchirhinosaurus' chaa asoo shakato. centrosaurinsche nidan karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya parital hadanmadhye tee naslyamule, aatmavishvasane tee konatyahi vanshala dene shakya nahee. 2006 madhye asehi prastavit karnyat aale hote qee dynasore parkchya nirmititil kavativar (namuna see. emm. aine. 8790) aadharit eka sanshayaspad prajati "monoclonius lowei", haah "styracosaurus", "achelosaurus" kinwa "aniosaurus" chaa up-praudh namuna asoo shakato, jyachyashi too andaje samkalin aahe. yavyatirikt, done aushadh nirmititil kahee anishchit namune-jase qee khandit kavati morr 464 kinwa thoothan morr 449-heey "achelosaurus" kinwa itar done andaje samkalin syratopsid "aniosaurus" aanee "rubesaurus" chey asoo shakatat.
varnan.
samanya bandhkam.
"achelosaurus" heey dirghkalapasunache asoon tyache vajan 1. praudh vyaktichi kavati (holotype namuna morr 485) lamb asalyacha andaj hota. yamule too campanion yugat rahana seratopsianchya centrosaurine upasamuhatil itar sadasyanpramanech aakar-shreneet yeto. too tyachya jawalchya sapeksh 'aniosaurus' itka motha hota, parantu khoop judd bandhanisah. "achelosaurus" haah dnyat asalelya sarvat mothya aanee sarvat mothya aakarachya shinganchya dynasorpaiki ekachya drudhateparyant pohochalah "triceratops".
syratopsid mhanoon, 'achelosaurus' haah khuryukt ank aanee lahan, khalchya dishene zepavaleli shepati asalela eka chaupadari prani asata. tyache khoop mothe doke, jeey saral manevar khilalele asate, tyat eka tokaleli varchi choch, khoop mothe anunasik chhidra aanee datanchya lamb ranga dant batterymadhye vikasit jhalya hotya jyat shekado chikatalele aanee vaiyaktik daat jamaa hote. datanchya khambanmadhye, junya khambankhali naveen daat vadhatat, pratyek sthiteet ekmekanchya varr ubhe asalelya datancha stambh asato. "achelosaurus" chya pratyek maxilamadhye (jabadyachya varchya hadat) asha 25 teey 28 datanchya sthitee hotya.
vaishishtye vegale karane.
1995 madhye, yaa prajatiche varnan kartana, sampsonne chaar vaishishtyanchi aupcharik yadee dilee jee 'achelosaurus' laa tyachya centrosaurin sambandhitanpasun vegale karate. pratham, praudh vyaktinchya anunasik hadey asatat, jyachya varr eka boss asato, joou tulanene lahan aanee patal asato aanee mothya pramanat khaddyanni jhakalela asato; dusare mhanje, praudh vyaktinchya dolhyanchya saketchya varr kharee shinge nasatat, parantu unch kadyansah tulanene mothe boss asatat; tisare mhanje, adyap purnapane vadhalelya vyakti kinwa up-praudhanmadhye dolhyanchya saketchya varr kharey horncore (shingancha hadancha bhag) asatat, jyacha aateel bajus prushthbhag avtal asato; aanee chauthe, manechya rakshanachya parital hadanmadhye vakr spikechi ekach jodee asate jee mageel kathapasoon mage aanee baherparyant chikatoon asate.
yaa adviteey vaishishtyanvyatirikt, sampsonne done atishay jawalun sambandhit prakaransah atirikt farak nidarshanas aanoon dile. achelosaurus" chey frill spike heey "aniosaurus" chya spaikpeksha adhik bahya dishene asatat, jeey madhya vakr asatat; "achelosaurus" chey spike tarihi "patchirhinosaurus" chya tulanatmak spaikpeksha baherchya dishene qamee nirdeshit asatat. "achelosaurus" tyachya chhotya anunasik bahumadhil "patchirhinosaurus" peksha dekhil vegala aahe joou tyachya mageel bajuchya pudhil hadanparyant pohochat nahee. kavativyatirikt, sangadyachi ashee konatihi vaishishtye dnyat naheet jee 'achelosaurus' laa centrosaurinechya itar sadasyanpasun vegale karatat.
kavati.
shinge asalele dynasore pramukhyane tyanchya shinganmadhye ekmekanpeksha vegale asatat, jeey nakavar aanee dolhyanchya varr sthit asatat aanee kavatichya mothya freelmadhye asatat, jeey maan dhalasarkhi jhakatat. "achelosaurus" neey vyutpann ("pragat") centrosaurinschya nirmitiche pradarshan kele, jeey lahan kapal shinge kinwa bosdware vargikrut kele jaatat, vistrut frill spikes ekatra kele jaatat. samanya frill praman samanyatah centrosaurin asate, jyachya bajula eka rund golakar squamosal haad asate, jeey mageel bajus vistarle jaate. teey varchya prushthbhagasaha vishisht frill vakrata dekhil samayik karate jeey bajukadoon bajula bahirmukh aanee samorun mage avtal asate.
praudh 'achelosaurus' kavatyanchya nakavar kinwa anunasik bhagavar eka rugoj, jadapane khilalela boss hota, jithe itar anek syratopsidche shing hote. asha bosla anekada 'pacyostotic' mhanatat.eae. tyat jaad haad asate. parantu tyache jaad 'boss' mhanoon varnan karane dishabhul karnare asoo shakateh kharey tarr, teey patal hadanchya majlyasah aanee aniyamit utkhananansah eka vistrut daab tayar karate, jaree teey 'patchirhinosaurus' peksha qamee dabalele asale taree. anunasik bahoone anunasik hadanchya varchya prushthbhagacha sumare done trutiyansh bhag jhakala. jaree boss arund, lahan aanee qamee unch asala taree too sambandhit vansh 'patchirhinosaurus' madhye disanyapramanech hota. tyane kavatichya ekoon lambichya 27 takke lambi vyapali, nasika-dolhyachya saketchya antarapeksha 30 takke lamb hotee aanee dolhyachya saketpeksha duppat lamb hotee. tyachi mageel dhaar dolhyachya saketchya pataliparyant pohochali nahee. anunasik boss pudhe vistarla, jithe too nakpudichya samoril anunasik aanee premexila hadanvar (varchya jabadyachya) jodala gela, jaree anunasik haad swatach premexilashi jodale gele nahee. namuna morr 485 chya bosschya pudhe tyachya pudhchya tokala utkhanan (kinwa pokali) hote. boss tayar karnara horn coor ektar procurved houn vikasit jhaala asava (i.eae. pudhe vakalele) vadhidarmyan, sambandhit "ioneosaurus" chya shingapramane, teey anunasik hadavar villin hoiparyant; kinwa eka sadhya, ubhya shingapasoon, jyane nantar "patchirhinosaurus" pramane, naak pradeshavar aapala paya pudhe vadhavala. anunasik haad heey mothya hadanchya nasika chhidranchya varchya bhagapasoon tayar hote. tyaa nasikachya mageel kathavarun eka tikshna prakriya samore adakoon padate. nakpuda haah-'aniosaurus' chya tulanet-mageel nakpudyanchya patalivar tulanene rund hota. dolhyachya saketsamoril lacrimal haad, pramukhyane aateel prushthbhagavar jaad jhaale hote, tarr bahereel prushthbhag khandkasarkhya utkhananashivay vaishishtyahin hota.
praudh kavatyanmadhye itar syratopsidchya shinganaivaji dolhyanchya varchya suprorbital bhagavar mothe, rugoj aanee andakar bahoo dekhil asatat. superorbital boss postaurbital hadapasoon pudhe vistaroon trikoni palpabral aanee prefrontal hadey samavisht karatat aanee madhyabhagi unch aadvya kadya asatat, jyaa tyanchya payathyashi jaad aanee tyanchya varchya bajus patal asatat. palpabral hadey jordarpane vegali ubhi rahili, jyamule 'antorbital buttress' tayar jhaala. fuse kelele prefrontals anunasik bosparyant pohochale naheet, jyamule anunasik bosla suprorbital bospasoon vegale karnari eka vishisht anuprastha kathichya aakarachi khamb tayar hote. hii khamb mage vistarli, superorbital bosna ekmekanpasun vegale kele aanee varchya drushyat tii-aakar tayar keela. heey boss 'patchirhinosaurus' sarkhech hote, parantu unch kadya aanee adhik spasht rugosities. up-praudh namuna morr 591 chey lamb aanee qamee atee-kakshiy horncore heey up-praudh "aniosaurus" aanee "patchirhinosaurus" sarkhech hote. tyanchya aateel bajula 'patchirhinosaurus' pramanech avtal prushthbhag hota; postaurbital hadanvar kadya hotya jyaa boskade sankraman suru jhalyache soochit karoo shakatat.
achelosaurus" chya kavatichya chhapparavar eka madhyaresha pokali hotee, jyachya shirshasthani frontal fontanel navache eka chhidra hote, heey serve seratopsidmadhye aadhalanare vaishishtya aahe, jyat pudhil hadey ekmekankade dumadun tayar jhalele kavatiche "duheri" chhappar asate. yaa pokalimule sinus tayar jhaale jeey superorbital bosschya khalee pasarale hote, jeey tyamule tulanene antargat patal hote, bahereel bajus pokalichya chhataparyant jaad hote. praudh namuna morr 485 madhye fontnelcha fakt magcha bhag ughada asalyane, hii pokali eka vruddha prani mhanoon anshatah bund jhaleli disate.
itar serve syratopsidpramanech, 'achelosaurus' chya kavatimadhye paritosquamosal frill kinwa 'neck shiild' hote, jeey mageel bajus parital hadandware aanee bajunna squamosal hadandware tayar hote. parital hii centrosaurin vargikaran ekmekanna vegale karnyasathi aanee tyanchyamadhil sambandh sodavanyasathi vaparali jaanari mukhya hadanpaiki eka aahe, tarr squamosal heey vargikaranamadhye khoop samaan aahe. achelosaurus" madhye, squamosal haad paritalpeksha khoopach lahan hote. tyachya aateel gabhanyachya mageel bhagane pudhchya bhagachya sandarbhat eka payari tayar kelee, jyamadhye squamosal aanee paritalmadhil shivan mageel supertemporal fenestrachya staravar mage eka kink darshavate, jeey eka vaishishtyapurn centrosaurin vaishishtya aahe. squamosal aanee jugal hadanni ekmekanna sparsh karoon, parshvik temporal fenestrachya kathavarun quadratozugal vagalale, mhanje.eae. kavatichya bajuchya mageel bajus ughade.
achelosaurus' chya fracemadhye done thalak mothe spike hote jeey mage nirdeshit hote aanee ekmekanpasun door bajunna vakr hote. 1990 chya dashakat, heey adhikadhik samajale jaat hote qee paritalvaryl asha spikes yadruchchik vaadh nasatat, tarr vishisht vaishishtye hotee jee shing asalelya dynasorechi utkranti nirdharit karnyasathi vaparali jaau shakatat, jarr keval teey prajatinshi kase julatat yache vishleshan kele jaau shakate. sampsonne 1995 madhye 'achelosaurus' chey varnan karananya peparmadhye, asha parital prakriyansathi eka samanyikrut kramankan pranali sadar kelee, jee tyanna madhyareshepasun freelchya bajus mojate. heey 1997 madhye sampoorn centrosaurinevar lagoo karnyat aale. 'achelosaurus' chey mothe spike itar centrosaurinschya 'process 3' spikeshey sambandhit hote aanee 'ioneosaurus' sarkhe hote, jaree bajunna adhik vakr asale taree, 'patchirhinosaurus' sarkhech hote. teey "styracosaurus" chya sambandhit spaikpeksha lahan aanee patal hote. yaa spikechya darmyan, madhyavarti frill notchya donhi bajunna, done lahan tabsarkhya prakriya ("prakriya 2") hotya jyaa madhyareshechya dishene nirdeshit kelya gelya hotya. centrosaurus' madhye upasthit asalelya sarvat aateel 'process 1' spikesmadhye 'achelausorus' chee kamatarata asate. freelmadhye done mothya jodalelya ughadya hotya, parital fenestra, tyanchya darmyan eka madhyaresha parital baar hota. golakar soojechi eka resheey ola parital barchya varchya bajoone jaat asey, jee kahee "patchirhinosaurus" namunyanchya tyach bhagatil spike aanee shinganshi ekroop asoo shakate. tulanene lahan prakriyanchi eka rang, pratyek bajus satchya ekoon, 'prakriya 3' chya spikepasoon baherchya bajus parital shieldchya maryadevar chaalat asey. teey aakarane mothya pramanat samaan hote, jyamule pii3 chya tulanet pii4 prakriya qamee hote. yaa khalchya prakriya eposipitalsdware bund kelya gelya asalyache disate, jyaa hadey seratopsidchya freelschya reshet asatat. achelosaurus" madhye heey eposypitals, jeey tvachechya vegalya ausification kinwa austiyodarm mhanoon suru hotat, teey kiman tisya sthanavar, spike tayar karnyasathi antarnihit frill hadasah fuse karatat. 2020 madhye, yaa prakriya vegalya ausification hotya heey nakarnyat aale. sarvat paripakv vyaktinmadhye, sarvat pudhil pii6 aanee pii7 prakriya ekmekanchya tulanet qamee antarbhut asateel, tyanchya anudairdhya akshambhovati firtil.
keratin aavaran.
achelosaurus' chya kavativaril boss kadachit jeevanat keratinus aavaranane jhakalele asateel, parantu jiwant pranyamadhye tyancha aakar anishchit aahe. 2009 madhye, paleantologist tobin ell. heronomous aanee tyanchya sahakanyanni kavatiche aakarvidnyan, shing aanee aadhunik shing asalelya pranyanchya tvachechi vaishishtye yanchyatil parasparsambandh tapasale aanee tyach parasparsambandhansathi centrosaurin dynasorechya kavatichi tapasani kelee. tyanni assa prastav mandala qee "achelosaurus" aanee "patchirhinosaurus" chey rugoj boss aadhunik muscoxenchya ("ovibos moscatus") bospramanech cornified (kinwa caratinized) tvachechya jaad padney jhakalele hote. praudh 'achelausorus' chya anunasik shingkoracha varcha bhag hota aanee tyachya varchya prushthbhagavar jaad bahya (tvachecha bahya thurr) padsathi parasparsambandh hote jeey bajunchya cornified shithsathi parasparsambandhat shrenibaddha hote. bahyachashmachi jaad patti anunasik shingkorachya tokavaril vhee-aakarachya pitt kelelya khachapasun vadhali asavi. anunasik padchi vadhichi disha samoril dishene asel. superorbital boskade bahya tvachecha jaad thurr asoo shakato, joou "coronausorus" chya vakr horncoursechya samaan bajula konat vadhato, jeey boswaril "pankh" kinwa kadyanchya dishene soochit hote. superorbital bosschya payavar sulcus (kinwa farro) nasane heey soochit karate qee tyanche horn padd bosschya surkutya asalelya kathanvar thambale. pitt karane heey katheen aateel hadala katheen shing aavarnashi jodanara mauu vadhanara thurr soochit karoo shakate. yavyatirikt, anunasik bosschya samore rostral skelsathi sahsambandh aanee parital middlein aanee suprorbital-squamosal pradeshachya bajoone scale pankti olakhalya gelya.
utkranti.
harnerche anagenesische gruhitak.
1992 madhye, hornerne kelelya abhyasat, "maryadit bhaugolik kalavadhit (sumare ardha dashalaksh varshe) varchya done aushadhanchya nirmitimadhye prani samudayancha drut kram hota, yaa vastusthiticha hishob karnyacha prayatna keela. samanyatah, yacha arth aakramanachi malika assa keela jaeel, jyat junya pranyanchya jaagi naveen pranyanche prakar asateel. parantu hornerne nondavale qee naveen prakaranmadhye anekada mageel prakaranshi majboot samya asate. yamule tyala asey suchavale gele qee tyane utkranticha eka durmil purava shodhala aaheh nantarche prani mulat june hote parantu adhik vikasit tappyat hote. aadhalalele vividh prakar vegalya prajati navhate parantu anagenesischya prakriyet vikasit jhalele sankramankalin prakar hote. hii eka prajati sumare done teey tees laakh varshe tickel yaa tyaa velee prachalit asalelya gruhitkashi susangat hotee. hornerchya matey, aanakhi eka sanket mhanje khyan autopomorphies olakhanyat apayash-vishisht vaishishtye jee vargikaran hii eka vegali prajati asalyache siddha karatat. tyaeivaji jivashmanni mulapasoon (kinwa purvaj) adhik vyutpann varnanmadhye haloohaloo badal darshavila.
hornerne shodhalelya shinganchya dynasorene yaa ghataneche udaharan dile. done aushadh nirmitichya sarvat khalchya tharanmadhye, aachchadan aswal nirmitichya khalee, "sankramankalin vargikaran aaa" upasthit hote. too 'styracosaurus albertances' sarkhach disat hota, joou keval parital spikechya ekach jodichya tabyat asanyane tyachyapeksha vegala hota. aswalanchya khalchya madhalya tharanmadhye 'sankramankalin vargikaran buub' hote jyat ekach spike jodee dekhil hotee parantu tyachya anunasik shingachya swarupat bhinn hotee jee anunasik hadanvaril agravarti shakhanvar samore vakaleli hotee. varchya staramadhye, aswalpudachya khalee, "sankramankalin vargikaran see" utkhanan karnyat aale hote. tyatahi eka spike jodee hotee parantu aata anunasik shing samoril fandyanshi jodale gele hote. shingacha varcha prushthbhag unch aanee khoop khadbadit hota. kakshiy shinganni khadbadit kadya dakhavalya. tyanantar, 'taxon aii' laa 'stelasaurus', 'taxon bii' laa 'aniosaurus' tarr 'taxon see' laa 'achelosaurus' asey naav denyat aale. 1992 madhye, horner "aanee itar."sampoorn utkranti kram judith nadichya nirmitipasoon dnyat asalelya" "styracosaurus albertances" "aanee ghodyachya nalyachya khonyachya nirmititun vyutpann, shingarahit" "patchirhinosaurus" "yanchyatil sankramanshil seratoptianchya shreniche pratinidhitva mhanoon pahila jaat hota, jyachya nakavar aanee dolhyanchya varr spike jodee aanee boss hote, tasech atirikt frill alankar mhanoon yaa prajatiche naav dile gele nahee". 1997 madhye, hornerne teen varganna "centrosaurin 1", "centrosaurin 2" aanee "centrosaurin 3" asey sambodhale.
bhuskhalanacha tapas karnyapurvich tyanni vikasit kelelya kalpanancha tapasheel dett, hornerla vatale qee tyanna hii utkranti ghadavanari yantrana sapadali aahe. heey prani laramidiyachya purv kinanyavar eka arund pattyavar rahat hote, jeey pashchimekadil aateel samudraspatila lagoon hote aanee paschimes unch proto-khadkal parvatanni vedhalele hote. bairpotchya atikramanadarmyan samudrachi patali vadhat hotee, jyamule tyanchya kinarpattivaril adhivasanchi rundi sumare sumare qamee hott hotee. yamule nivadicha dabav adhik tivra jhaala, joou "achelosaurus" sathee sarvat gambhir hota, joou kinarpattichi patti sarvat arund asatanachya tappyat rahila. lahan adhivas tikavoon thevu shakananya vyaktinchi qamee sankhya loksankhyechya adthalyachi rachana karate, jyamule jalad utkranti shakya hote. laingik nivadimadhye vaadh jhalyamule, aakunchan, shinge aanee boss yasarkhya laingik alankaranmadhye badal jhaale asate. dusarikade, samudrachya khalchya patalimule qamee honara paryavaraniy taana, anukool kiranotsargadware darshavila jaeel. laingik nivad hii kharokharach mukhya yantrana hotee heey yaa vastusthitivarun siddha hoil qee tinhi loksankhyetil tarun vyakti khoop samaan hotyah tyaa sarvanmadhye done frill spike hote, samoril bajus eka lahan anunasik shing aanee kinchit unch gathinchya swarupat kakshiy shing hote. keval praudh tappyatach teey vegale houu lagale. hornerchya matey, yamule heey dekhil disun aale qee loksankhya khoop jawalun sambandhit hotee.
hornerne teen loksankhyanmadhil sambandh nishchit karnare achook cladistic vishleshan kele nahee. asha vishleshanatun, utkranti vrukshamadhye utkrantitil badalanchi sankhya sarvat qamee aahe aanee tyamule teey sarvat jaast asanyachi shakyata aahe, heey mojale jaate. tyane asey gruheet dharale qee yacha parinam assa hoil qee jyaa zadamadhye heey prakar salag fandya asateel. vaparlelya paddhaticha parinam mhanoon, assa vruksh kadhihi purvaj-vanshaj yanchyatil thet sambandh darshavu shakanar nahee. anek shastradnyanna asey vatale qee assa sambandh kadhihi siddha houu shakat nahee. horner asahmat hotah tyane haloohaloo honanya aakarshastriy badalanna spasht purava mhanoon pahile qee, yaa prakaranat, loksankhyeche vibhajan naan karata, eka vargikaranane dusya vargikaranamadhye jhaleli utkranti thet pahili jaau shakate. sarvasadharanpane utkrantivadi heey olakhanyas khoop sankoch kartil. asha sankramanala anagenesis mhanatat; tyanni asey mutt vyakt kele qee, jarr cladogenesis heey ulat siddha houu shakale nahee, tarr shastradnya anagenetic prakriya gruheet dharnyas mukt aahe.
sudharit mahitichya aadhare, 1995 madhye sampsonne andaj vartavala qee tapasalele thurr suruvatila gruheet dharalelya 500,000 varshanpeksha jaast kalavadhiche pratinidhitva karatatah gilmorechya "brachyseratops" khaninchya sathavnukinantar, 860,000 varshe gelee asateel aanee "aniosaurus" bednantar 640,000 varshe, aswal atikramanchya kamal maryadeparyant. tyane harnerche anagenesische gruhitak sweekarle nahee parantu loksankhyeche vibhajan hott asatana prajatikaran jhaale asey gruheet dharale. heey veleche antar ajunahi itake qamee hote qee heey soochit karate qee prajatinche praman jaast asave, jeey kadachit usheera campanionchya serve centrosorinchya babatit kharey asave.
1996 madhye dodsonne hornerchya gruhitkavar done aakshep ghetale. prathamatah, "styracosaurus albertances" pramane, mukhya spikechya fakt eka jodicha taba teen jodyanchya upasthitipeksha adhik moolbhut vatat hota. yamule tyala asey suchavale gele qee "aniosaurus"-"achelosaurus" vansh hii centrosaurinemadhye eka vegali shakha hotee. dusare mhanje, tyala kalji hotee qee "ioneosaurus" aanee "achelosaurus" heey laingik dvirupateche prakaran hote, eka prakar purushancha, tarr dusra stricha. tyanche jivashma sapadalelya tharanmadhil qamee bhaugolik velechya antaravarun heey soochit kele jaeel, jyacha tyanni andaje 250,000 varshe assa andaj vartavala hota. parantu jarr heey gruhitak kharey asate, tarr teey kadachit dynasoriatil vegwan utkrantiche sarvottam udaharan asel.
2010 madhye, hornerne kabool kele qee namuna tii. emm. pii. 2002.76.1 heey soochit karat asalyache disate qee 'achelosaurus' haah 'ioneosaurus' pasoon aalela navhata, kaaran too vayanusar donhi aadhi hota aanee tarihi tyala anunasik boss hota. parantu tyanni yavar bharr deela qee jaree vansh vegale jhaale asale taree tyache purvaj "ioneosaurus" sarkhe asavet. shivay, ajunahi heey shakya aahe qee "aniosaurus" haah "rubesaurus" chaa thet vanshaj hota. tasech, vegane visthapan aanee prajatinchya vilupta honyachya prakriyeche spashtikaran, aswal samudrachya paschim dishene jhalelya vistaradvare ajunahi sundarpane kele jaau shakate, asey tyanchya matey aahe.
johnn willson aanee jacq scanella yanni 2016 madhye anagenesischya prakriyes dujora deela, jyanni shinganchya dynasoremadhil auntogenetic badalancha abhyas keela. tyanni eka chhotya "ioneosaurus" namunyachi, morr 456 8-8-87-1, tulana "achillosorus" namunyasah kelee. donhi agadi samaan asalyache siddha jhaale, mukhya farak morr 456 8-8-87-1 madheel lamb chehara aanee morr 591 madheel tikshna superorbital horncore hote. tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "achillosorus" bahudha "achillosorus" chey thet vanshaj hote. adhik praudh 'aniosaurus' vyaktinni 'achelosaurus' aakarshastrashi sampark sadhala. done varganmadhil farak heterochronymule jhaala asel-vegachya bhinn badalanmule, jyaa vyaktiche jivankal vividh vaishishtyansah vikasit jhaale aahe. willson aanee tyanchya sahakanyanna 2020 madhye asey aadhalale qee stelasaurus (hornercha 'taxon aii') haah aakarvidnyan aanee starikaranat 'styracosaurus' aanee 'aniosaurus' darmyancha madhyavarti aahe, teey heey nakaru shakale naheet qee too eka anagenetic vanshatil sankramankalin taxon hota.
vargikaran.
1995 madhye, sampsonne aupcharikpane 'achelosaurus' laa seratopsidemadhye, adhik tantotantpane centrosaurinemadhye thewale. serve vishleshananmadhye, "aniosaurus" aanee "achelosaurus" heey clade patchirhinosaurinicha bhag aahet. vyakhyenusar, 'achelosaurus' haah clade patchirostracha (kinwa 'jaad-snoots') eka sadasya aahe, jyamadhye too 'patchirhinosaurus' shhee jodala jaato. 2010 madhye, gregory ess. paulla "aaa" niyukt kele. centrosaurus" yaa vanshasathi "see" mhanoon hornary. hornary ". yala itar sanshodhkanmadhye konatihi sweekruti aadhalali nahee, tyanantarchya vargikaranatmak mulyankananmadhye nehmi "achelosaurus" heey samanya naav thewale jaate.
phylogeny.
1995 madhye sampsonla vatale qee, 'achelosaurus' haah 'ioneosaurus' chaa thet vanshaj aahe assa nishkarsh kadhanyasathi purese purave naheet. hornerchya ulat, tyane eka jatijanan sthapit karnyasathi cladistic vishleshan karnyacha nirnay ghetala. hyamule eka utkrantishil vruksh disun aala jyamadhye hornerne andaj vartavalyapramane 'achelosaurus' heey 'ioneosaurus' aanee 'patchirhinosaurus' madhye vibhagale gele. hornerchya davyachya ulat, 'styracosaurus albertances' haah thet purvaj asoo shakala nasata, kaaran sampsonchya vishleshanat tee 'centrosaurus' chee bhagini prajati hotee.
tyanantarchya abhyasanni utkrantichya vrukshachya yaa bhagatil achook sambandh nishchit karnyacha prayatna keela aahe, 'styracosaurus albertances' kinwa 'aniosaurus' heey 'achelosaurus' chya chadhaichya thet reshet asoo shakate qee nahee yaa prashnachya parasparvirodhi parinamansah. 2005 madhye, michael rayan aanee anthany russell yanni kelelya vishleshanat 'styracosaurus' haah 'centrosaurus' peksha 'achelosaurus' shhee adhik jawalcha sambandh asalyache aadhalun aale. 2007 madhye rayan, 2010 madhye nicolas longrich aanee zhoo ett all yanni kelelya vishleshanadvare yachee pushti jhaali. 2010 madhye. tyach varshi horner aanee andreau tii. mcdonaldne 'styracosaurus ovetus' laa tyachya swatachya vansh 'rubesaurus' madhye halavale, tyala 'ioneosaurus' chee eka bhagini prajati sapadali, tarr 'styracosaurus albertances' punha 'centrosaurus' shakhevar sthit hotee. tyanni namuna morr 492 dekhil niyukt keela, joou "taxon aaa" chaa aadhar aahe, rubesorus "laa. 2011 madhye, tyanantarcha abhyas andreau tii. yaa sandarbhat mcdonaldne tyachya aadhichya parinamachi punaravrutti kelee, tasech andre frake ett alchya prakashanatahi kelee. 2017 madhye, jeey.pii. willson aanee rayan yanni haah muddah aanakhi guntagunticha keela, assa nishkarsh kadhala qee morr 492 ("taxon aaa") haah "rubesorus" sathee sandarbhit nahee aanee aanakhi eka vanshala tyache naav dile jaeel ashee ghoshana kelee. willson aanee tyanchya sahakanyanni 2020 madhye 492 marchla naveen vansh "stellasorus" madhye halavale, jeey tyamule "taxon aaa" shhee sambandhit aahe. tyanchya abhyasat 'rubesorus ovetus' hii 'styracosaurus albertances' chee bhagini prajati asalyache aadhalun aale aanee 'rubesorus' haah 'styracosaurus' chaa samanarthi asalyache nishkarsh kadhale.
achelosaurus' chey varnan karnyapurvi, 'patchirhinosaurus canadensis' haah centrosorinsmadhil eka ekaki prakar manla jaat asey, jeey tyachya asamanya bosdware tyanchyapasun vegale kele gele hote. "patchirhinosaurs' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya 'achelosaurus' neey canadian prajatinna utkrantivadi sandarbh deela, tarr 'patchirhinosaurs' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya tatpuratya aanee bhaugolik shrenicha vistar keela."serve vishleshananmadhye," "achelosaurus" "aanee" "patchirhinosaurus" "heey bhagini gut hote". 2008 madhye, aanakhi eka jawalun sambandhit prajatila 'patchirhinosaurus lakustai' asey naav denyat aale. tyaa abhyasat, 'patchirhinosaurs' haah shabd 'achelosaurus' aanee 'patchirhinosaurus' asalelya vanshasathi vaparla gela hota. 2012 madhye jevha 'patchirhinosaurus perotorum' chey varnan kele gele, tevha done vanshanna ekatra aananare 'patchirostra' heey vanshnam tayar karnyat aale; 'achelosaurus' haah sarvat moolbhut patchirostran aahe. anunasik alankar aanee anunasik aanee bhoval shinganche bahunmadhye badal hii gatachi samayik vyutpann vaishishtye (kinwa synapomorphy) aahet. campanionchya shevati, itar centrosaurinschya jaagi patchirostrancecha cull disun yeto. 2012 madhye dekhil, clade patchirhinosaurinila naav denyat aale, jyamadhye centrosoraspeksha "patchirhinosaurus" kinwa "achelosaurus" shhee adhik jawalun sambandhit asalelya prajatincha samavesh aahe. 2013 chya abhyasanusar, 'aniosaurus' aanee 'rubesaurus' vyatirikt, yaat 'cyanoseratops' aanee 'zenoceratops' yancha samavesh hota.
cladistic vishleshan haloohaloo vikasit hote, jeey naveen shodh aanee antardrushti pratibimbit karate. utkrantichya zadamadhye kramvarit aadhalanare sambandh, tyanche parinam cladogrammadhye dakhavale jaau shakatat. khaleel cladogram willson aanee sahkanyanchya cladogrammadhye 'achelosaurus' chee phylogenetic sthitee darshavito, 2020.
 
jivashmashastra.
kavatichya sajavatiche karya.
1995 madhye, sampsonne nondavale qee purvichya abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale hote qee syratopsianchi shinge aanee freels bahudha antanirdisht pradarshan aanee ladhaimadhye karya karatat aanee mhanoon hii vaishishtye yashasvi sanyogasathi laingik nivadimule jhaali asateel. tyachpramane, 1997 madhye hornerne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee asha alankarancha vapar purush varchasva prasthapit karnyasathi karat asat aanee mahilanni susajj purushanna pradhanya dile asate kaaran tyanchya santatila nantar hii vaishishtye varshane midatil, jyamule punarutpadanacha laabh milel. dodsonla vatale qee samanyatah centrosaurinemadhye anunasik aanee atee-kakshiy alankaranchya tulanet freelche pradarshan moolya qamee jhaale aahe. 1995 madhye sampsonne hii shakyata nakarli qee "aniosaurus" aanee "achelosaurus" madheel kavatichya alankaratil farak teen karananmule laingik dvirupata darshavito. pratham, vyapak 'ioneosaurus' hadanchya khaata, jyachya varche adhikari hote, asey konatehi namune navhate, jase qee jarr ekhadya lingat teey asateel tarr apekshit hote. dusare mhanje, "aniosaurus" aanee "achelosaurus" heey vegvegalya vayogatatil staranmadhye aadhaltat. tisare mhanje, laingik dvirupatechya paristhitit sahasa keval eka ling atishayoktiyukt duyyam laingik patre darshavite. "tathapi, "ioneosaurus" aanee "achelosaurus" yaa pratyekane asha vaishishtyancha eka vegala sanch vikasit keela aahe.
2009 madhye, hironomasne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee anunasik aanee atee-bahya bosscha vapar pratispardhyachya dokyala kinwa bajula marnyasathi kinwa thokanyasathi keela jaat asey. hadanchi rachana soochit karate qee aadhunik maskoksanpramanech boss cornified padney jhakalele hote, jeey caprini upkutumbatil sadasyanpramanech varchasva ladhaya soochit karate. nantarchya gatamadhye, utkrantivadi sankraman disun yete, jithe mool saral shinge adhik majboot, padded aanee adhikadhik khalchya dishene vakr hotat. centrosaurinemadhye horncorpasoon bossmadhye jhalelya utkrantimule sangharshapasun uchch-urja asalelya haid-batingparyantchya ladhau tantratil badal dekhil pratibimbit jhaala asata. doke marane heey eka mahagade aanee dhokadayak vartan rahile asate. ekmekanchya samarthyache drushyadrushtya moolyankan kelyanantarach virodhakanni asha prakare sahbhag ghetala asata. yaa karanastav, hironomasne asey manale qee boss prajatichya manyatesathi kaam karatat heey ashakya aahe kaaran yachee hummy aadhich vastavik-vidhiaivaji-ladhaipurvichya janmajat prajati-vishisht pradarshan vidhindware dilee gelee hotee. boss pratyaksh ladhatisathi vikasit jhaale asateel, jyaa samajik nivadicha eka bhag aahe jyamadhye vyakti jodidar, ann aanee prajnan maidan yasarkhya durmil sansadhanansathi spardha karatat.
purvi asey suchavale gele hote qee, pahilya teen manechya mankyanche mishran, jase qee praudh namuna morr 571 madhye disun aale, heey kadachit eka paleopathology asoo shakate, jeey spondyloarthropathy rogache eka udaharan aahe, parantu 1997 madhye assa nishkarsh kadhanyat aala qee heey eka samanya auntogenetic vaishishtya asanyachi shakyata jaast aahe, mankyache ekatra vadhoon judd dokyala aadhar denyasathi tathakathit 'synchrivical' tayar hote. tinhi mukhya dnyat namunyanmadhye teen ektrit manechya mankyancha samavesh asaleli samanvayatmak tantre asatat; heey vaishishtya eka lahan purvajakadun, burshi kinwa ann sampadan karnyasathi kadak manecha vapar karoon varshane midale asave.
samajik vartan.
ekach seratopsian prajatiche anek sadasya asalelya dnyat hadanchya khaata mothya sankhyene asalyamule, seratopsian dynasore heey prani palat thevat asalyacha dawa keela gela aahe. 2010 madhye, shikar aanee phark yanni nidarshanas aanoon dile qee heey pramukhyane centrosaurin seratopsiansathi kharey aahe. hornerne asey gruheet dharale qee bhuskhalanatil shinge asalele dynasore dushkal kinwa rogane maran pavalelya kalpanmadhye rahat hote. dodsonne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee 'achelosaurus' hadanvaril tall eka-vishisht (keval eka prajati asalele) hote, yaa vastusthitine kalpanchya astitvachi pushti kelee.
chayapachay.
dynasore ectotherm ('sheet-rakt') kinwa endotherm ('ushna-rakt') hote qee nahee yavar kendrit asalelya tyanchya thermoregulationbaddal barach kaal vaad suru aahe. sastan prani aanee pakshi heey homeothermic endotherm aahet, jeey tyanchya swatachya shariratil ushnata nirman karatat aanee uchch chayapachay karatat, tarr sarpatanare heterothermic ectotherm aahet, jeey tyanchya sharirachi bahutek ushnata tyanchya sabhovatalachya parisaratoon prapt karatat. 1996 chya abhyasat done aushadh nirmitipasoon pranyanchya hadanchya phosphatemadhun auxigen samasthanikanchi tapasani kelee gelee, jyat kishoravayin "achelosaurus" namuna morr 591. prushthavanshiy hadanmadhil phosphatechi δ18o moolye tyanchya sharirachya panyatil δ18o mulyanvar aanee hadey jamaa jhalyavar tapmanavar avalambun asatat, jyamule vyaktichya pratyek hadasathi tapmanatil chadhautar mojane shakya hote jevha teey jamaa kele gele. dynasorene tyanche tapman hangami paddhatine rakhale aahe qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi abhyasane sharirachya tapmanatil hangami badal aanee sangadyanchya pradeshanmadhil tapmanatil farkanche vishleshan kele. abhyasasathi namune ghetalelya veranid sardyachya jivashmat samasthanikatil bhinnata disun aalee jee heterothermic ectothermshy susangat aahe. achelosaurus' saha dynasorechi bhinnata, teey homeothermic endotherm asanyashi susangat hotee. yaa dynasorecha chayapachay darr aadhunik sastan prani aanee pakshyanitka jaast navhata aanee teey kadachit madhyavarti endotherm asoo shakatat.
paleoenvironment.
"achelosaurus" heey done aushadh nirmitipasoon olakhale jaate, jeey 83 teey 74 dashalaksh varshanpurvichya cretaceous kalavadhichya uttaradhatil campanion tappyatil kinarpattivaril gaal jatan karate. "achelosaurus" chey namune nirmitichya sarvoch staravar aadhaltat, bahudha tyaa kalmaryadechya samaptichya jawal, 7 kotee 40 laakh varshanpurvi.
done aushadhanchi nirmiti ubdar ardhashushk havamanadvare darshavili jaate. tyache thurr larmidia bett khandachya purv kinanyavar (jyat paschim uttar amerikecha samavesh hota) khalee utaravanyat aale. pashchimekadil uchch cordillera, pramukhyane pashchimekadil vanyansah, varshakathi paus padnyas karanibhoot tharala asata, jyamule varshik paus maryadit jhaala asata. paus pramukhyane unhalyat padala asata, jevha sanvahan vadalanni bhupradeshala puur deela asata. tyamule hawaman dekhil khoop hangami rahile asate, jyat dirgh korada hangam aanee alpakal olsar hangam asato. vanaspati viral aanee thodi vaividhyapurn asatee. asha paristhitit, shinge asalele dynasore paanee aanee annachya satat purvathyasathi auxbo talavanvar avalambun rahile asateel-mukhya nadee vahinya purvi koradya padanyachi pravrutti hotee-aanee pranyanni shevatchya panyachya chhidrambhovati laksh kendrit kele tevha tivra dushkalat tyanchyat nasht jhaale, jyamule hadanchi khaata tayar jhaali. tapkiri paleosol jyamadhye shinge asalele dynasore sapadale hote-chikanmati aanee kolashayukt lakadachya tukadyanche mishran-aadhunik hangami koradya daldalisarkhe disate. aajubajuchya vanaspatinmadhye sumare unch shankuchya zadacha samavesh asava. "achelosaurus" neey khoopach lahan vanaspati khallyah 2013 chya abhyasat asey nirdharit kele gele qee larmidiyavaril seratopsid shakahari prani unchichya kinwa tyapeksha qamee asalelya vanaspatinna khanyapurate maryadit hote.
yaa bhagatil qamee-adhik pramanat samkalin dynasorechya vanshanmadhye "prosourolophus", "scholosaurus", "hypacrosorus", "aniosaurus" aanee anishchit vargikaranachya tyrenosauridscha samavesh hota. datanchya khunyanvarun siddha jhaale qee, bhuskhalanachya bett kshetratil shinganche dynasore jivashma eka mothya theropod shikaridvare saaf kele gele hote, jeey roggersney suchavale hote qee teey "albertosaurus" hote.
achelosaurus' yaa pranyanchi nemki rachana anishchit aahe, kaaran tyache jivashma itar varganchya thet sambandhat sapadale naheet. tyachi madhyavarti anagenetic sthitee soochit karate qee "achelosaurus" heey tyache adhivas tyachya nirmitichya kalavadhichya madhyabhagi kinwa shevati sadharanpane aadhalanaya rupansah samayik karate. shing asalelya dynasorepramanech, hornerne asey gruheet dharale qee tyala done aushadhanchya nirmitichya itar dynasore gatanmadhye sankramankalin vargikaran sapadale aahe. yapaiki eka prakar 'lambiosaurus' aanee 'hypacrosorus' darmyancha hota; 1994 madhye tyane tyala 'hypacrosorus stabingery' asey naav dile. aaj, "hypacrosorus stabingery" aata anagenesisdware vikasit jhalyache manale jaat nahee kaaran prajatinche autopomorphies olakhale gele aahet. hornerne kahee pacicephalosaur kavati "stegosera" aanee "pacicephalosaurus" darmyanchya vargikaranasathi soochak mhanoon pahilya; hyancha satatyane naveen vansh mhanoon ullekh keela gela nahee. shevati, hornerla vatale qee eka vargikaran astitvat aahe jeey "dasplatosaurus" aanee "tyrenosaurus" darmyan sankramanshil aahe. 2017 madhye, done aushadh nirmititil tyrenosauridchya avasheshanna "dasplatosaurus": "dasplatosaurus hornery" chee naveen prajati mhanoon naav denyat aale. 2017 chya abhyasat heey vajvi manale gele qee 'dii. hornary 'haah' dii 'chaa thet vanshaj hota. torosus 'anajenesisachya prakriyet aahe, parantu' dii 'chee shakyata nakarli. hornary haah 'tyrenosaurus' chaa purvaj hota.
done aushadh nirmititil itar syratopsiansmadhye "ioneosaurus" aanee "stelasaurus" yancha samavesh hoto. yavyatirikt, "brachyseratops" saha itar anishchit aanee sanshayaspad centrosaurinsche avashesh nirmitipasoon dnyat aahet aanee jaree teey teen vaidh vanshanchya tarun tappyanche pratinidhitva karoo shakatat, taree heey darshavine shakya nahee. tarr hornerne asey gruheet dharale qee 2010 madhye, 'dunnald emm.' madhye, 'aniosaurus' aanee 'achelosaurus' heey velenusar vegale hote. hendersonne asey manale qee kiman tyanche vanshaj kinwa purvaj parasparvirodhi kinwa sahanubhootipurn hote aanee tyamule vishisht vibhajan jhaale nasate tarr ann strotansathi spardha kelee asatee. achelosaurus' chee kavati tyachya vakanyachya samarthyat aanee valanyachya pratikaramadhye 'ioneosaurus' peksha duppat majboot hotee. yamule spardha talhanyasathi aaharat farak disun aala asel. antim taana shakti mhanoon mojalya jaananya 'achelosaurus' chee danshachi takad, maxillary datanchya ranget 30.5 neuton prati chauras millimeter (aine/miimii 2) aanee chochvar 18 aine/miimii 2 hotee. willson aanee tyanchya sahakanyanna aadhalale qee done aushadh centrosaurins starikaritya vegale kele gele asalyane, teey kadachit samkalin navhate. tathapi, 2021 madhye willson aanee scanella yanni kelelya abhyasat asey nidarshanas aale qee namuna morr 591 haah "iniosaurus" kavatichya morr 456 8-8-87-1 peksha lahan vayacha hota, parantu tyach aakaracha hota. jarr morr 591 laa kharokharach 'achelosaurus' mhanoon sambodhale jaau shakat asel, tarr heey soochit karoo shakate qee hii prajati tyachya praudh aakaraparyant adhik vegane pohochali. 
anishchit namuna tii. emm. pii. <aay. dii. 1> haah dynasore udyan nirmiticha aahe aanee jarr too "achelosaurus" chaa asel tarr haah vansh starikaritya sarvat juna dnyat patchirhinosaurin vargikaran asel. "achelosaurus" haah nantar ekapeksha jaast rachnanmadhun dnyat asalela ekmev campanion seratopsid dekhil asel. donhi prani aswal nirmitichya sagari kavchanchya agadi khalee aadhaltat, parantu rekhanshachya farkanmule, tii. emm. pii. <aay. dii. 1> heey done aushadh nirmititil "achelosaurus" jivashmanpeksha sumare 500,000 varshe june aahe.