aushadhacha shodh

aushadh, jaivtantradnyan aanee aushadhashastra yaa kshetranmadhye, aushadhancha shodh hii ashee prakriya aahe jyadvare naveen umedvar aushadhe shodhali jaatat.
aitihasikdrushtya, aushadhancha shodh paramparik upayanmadhun sakriy ghatak olakhoon kinwa penisilinpramanech aakasmik shodhadvare lavala gela. agadi alikade, shastriy aushadhashastra mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya prakriyet vanchhaniy upcharatmak parinam asalele padarth olakhanyasathi krutrim lahan renu, naisargik utpadane kinwa arkanchya rasayanik granthalayanchi akhand peshinmadhye kinwa sampoorn jivanmadhye tapasani karnyat aalee. manvi janukanchya anukramanikemule jalad cloning aanee mothya pramanat shuddha prathinanche sanshleshan shakya jhaale, tyanantar vegalya jaivik lakshyanviruddh mothya sanyuganchya granthalayanchi uchch thruput tapasani vaparane hii samanya pratha bunley aahe, jee ulat aushadhashastra mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya prakriyet rog-badal karnari asalyache gruheet dharale jaate. yaa padadyanvaril fatake nantar peshinmadhye aanee nantar pranyanmadhye parinamkaraktesathi tapasale jaatat.
aadhunik aushadhanchya shodhat, chachanitil fatka, aushadhi rasayanshastra aanee tyaa fatka, nivadakshamta (dushparinamanchi kshamata qamee karnyasathi), parinamkarakta/samarthya, chayapachay sthirata (ardh-ayushya vadhavanyasathi) aanee tondi jaivupalabdhata vadhavanyasathi tyanchi nivad karane yancha samavesh hoto. yaa serve garja purn karnare sanyug ekada olakhale gele qee, aushadh vikasachi prakriya suru rahoo shakate. yashasvi jhalyas, vaidyakeey chachanya vikasit kelya jaatat.
asha prakare aadhunik aushadhancha shodh hii sahasa bhandwal-kendrit prakriya aahe jyamadhye aushadh udyog mahamandal tasech rashtriy sarkar (jeey anudan aanee karjachi hummy detat) yanchya mothya guntavanukicha samavesh asato. tantradnyanat pragati hounahi aanee jaivik pranalinchi samaj asoonahi, aushadhancha shodh hii ajunahi eka lamb, "mahagadi, katheen aanee akaryaksham prakriya" asoon naveen upcharatmak shodh qamee pramanat aahet. 2010 saalee, pratyek naveen aanvik ghatakacha sanshodhan aanee vikas kharch sumare $1.8 abj hota. 21 vya shatkat, moolbhut shodh sanshodhanala pramukhyane sarkar aanee paropkari sansthankadun nidhi deela jaato, tarr shevatchya tappyatil vikasala pramukhyane aushadh kampanya kinwa udyam bhandavaldarankadun nidhi deela jaato. bajarat yeu denyasathi, aushadhanchya chikitsalayin chachanyanchya anek yashasvi tappyanmadhun jaave lagate aanee united statesmadhil naveen aushadh anuprayog navachya naveen aushadh manjuri prakriyetoon jaave lagate.
vyavsayik yash kinwa sarvajanik aarogya yash asoo shakanari aushadhe shodhanyat guntavanukdar, udyog, shaikshanik samuday, paytant kayade, niyamak vishishtata, vipanan aanee sampreshanasah gopaniyata santulit karanyachi garaj yanchyatil guntagunticha sanvad samavisht asato. darmyan, jyaa vikaranchya durmilatecha arth assa aahe qee konatehi mothe vyavsayik yash kinwa sarvajanik aarogya parinam apekshit kele jaau shakat naheet, asha vikaransathi, anath aushadh nidhi prakriya heey sunishchit karate qee jyaa lokanna teey vikar anubhavtat tyanna aushadhopacharatmak pragatichi thodi aasha asoo shakate.
itihas.
manvi shariratil aushadhacha parinam jaivik sthool renunshi (bahutek prakarananmadhye prathine kinwa nuclic acid) aushadh renuchya vishisht parasparsanvadvare madhyasthi kelee jaate yaa kalpanene shastradnyanna yaa nishkarshavar nele qee aushadhachya jaivik kriyakalapasathi vaiyaktik rasayne aavashyak aahet. aushadhashastratil aadhunik yugachya suruvatisathi heey tayar kele gele, kaaran aushadhi vanaspatinchya kachchya arkanaivaji shuddha rasayne hii manak aushadhe bunley. kachchya padarthanpasun vegale kelelya aushadh sanyuganchi udaharane mhanje morphene, afoomadhil sakriy ghatak aanee digoxin, 'digitalis lanata' pasoon udbhavnare hriday uttejak. sendriya rasayanshastramule jaivik strotanpasun vegale kelelya anek naisargik utpadananche sanshleshan dekhil jhaale.
aitihasikdrushtya, kachchya arkanche kinwa shuddha rasayananche padarth, jaivik lakshyachya dnyanashivay jaivik kriyakalapansathi tapasale gele. sakriy padarth olakhoon ghetlyanantarach lakshya olakhanyacha prayatna karnyat aala. yaa drushtikonas shastriy aushadhashastra, agra pharmacology kinwa phenotypic aushadh shodh mhanoon olakhale jaate.
nantar, sathavalelya sanyuganchya kathanchi mothya pramanat tapasani talhat, dnyat sharirik/rogshastriy margala visheshtah lakshya karnyasathi lahan renunche sanshleshan kele gele. yamule gertrude elean aanee george etch. yanchya karyala mothe yash midale. purin chayapachayavar parinam, beeta blocker aanee simetidinavar james blackche karya aanee akira endodware stattinscha shodh. dnyat sakriy padarthanche rasayanik pratirup vikasit karnyachya drushtikonache aanakhi eka vijete surr david jacq ett elon andd hanberries, nantar glaxo hote, jyanni damyasathi shvasat ghetalelya pahilya nivadak beeta 2-adrenergic agonistcha, damyasathi shvasat ghetalelya pahilya steroidcha, cemetidinecha uttaradhikari mhanoon ranitidinecha aanee tryptonchya vikasas pathimba deela.
gertrude eleanne, mukhytah purin analogvar 50 peksha qamee lokanchya gatasah kaam kele, jyamule pahilya anty-vishanuchya shodhat yogdan dile; manvi avyavanchya pratyaropanas parvanagi denare pahile immunospressent (ezathioprene); balpanatil leukemiachi maafee denare pahile aushadh; karkarogvirodhi pramukh upchar; maleria virodhi; jivanuvirodhi; aanee sandhivatavaril upchar.
manvi prathinanchya pratirupanamule vishisht roganshi sambandhit asalyache manale jaanare vishisht uddishte gathanyasathi sanyuganchya mothya granthalayanchi tapasani karane shakya jhaale. yaa drushtikonas ulat aushadhashastra mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee aaj sarvat jaast vaparla jaanara drushtikon aahe.
2020 chya dashakat, cubit aanee quantum sanganakeey startercha vapar aushadhanchya shodhasathi lagnara vel gambhirpane qamee karnyasathi keela jaeel.
uddishte.
aushadhanirman udhyogat eka "lakshya" tayar kele jaate. samanyatah, 'lakshya' hii naisargikaritya astitvat asaleli cellular kinwa aanvik rachana aahe jee rus asalelya pathologymadhye samavisht aahe jithe vikasit aushadh karya karnyasathi aahe. tathapi, 'naveen' aanee 'sthapit' uddishtanmadhil farak 'lakshya' mhanje kaay heey purnapane samajoon ghetalyashivay keela jaau shakato. haah farak samanyatah upcharshastracha shodh aanee vikasat guntalelya aushadhanirman kampanyandvare keela jaato. 2011 salchya andajanusar, 435 manvi janukeey utpadane eff. dii. aii.-manyataprapt aushadhanchi upcharatmak aushadhanchi uddishte mhanoon olakhali gelee.
"sthapit uddishte" mhanje jyasathi samanya sharirshastrat lakshya kase karya karate aanee manvi rogshastrat teey kase samavisht aahe yaa donhimbaddal eka changli vaidnyanik samaj aahe, jyala dirgh prakashan itihasadvare samarthan dile jaate. yacha arth assa nahee qee vishisht nirdharit lakshyadvare karya karnari manali jaanari aushadhanchi krutichi yantrana purnapane samajoon ghetali gelee aahe. tyaeivaji, 'sthapit' thet lakshyavar upalabdh asalelya parshvabhoomi mahitichya pramanashi, visheshtah karyatmak mahitishi sambandhit aahe. sarvasadharanpane, 'naveen uddishte' hii ashee serve uddishte aahet jee 'sthapit uddishte' naheet parantu aushadh shodh prayatnancha vishay aahet kinwa aahet. jee-prathine-jodalele receptors (jee. pii. see. aar. ess.) aanee prathine kinnesses yasarkhi prathine hii aushadh shodh prayatnansathi nivadali geleli bahutansh uddishte aahet.
pradarshan aanee rachana.
ekhadya vishisht rogasathi nivadalelya lakshyachya viruddha naveen aushadh shodhanyachya prakriyet sahasa uchch-utpadan tapasani (etch. tii. ess.) samavisht asate, jyamadhye rasayananchya mothya granthalayanchi tyanchya lakshyat badal karnyachya kshamatesathi chachani kelee jaate. udaharanarth, jarr lakshya naveen jee. pii. see. aar. asel, tarr tyaa receptorla rokhanyachya kinwa uttejit karnyachya tyanchya kshamatesathi sanyuganchi tapasani kelee jaeel (virodhi aanee agonist pahaa): jarr lakshya prathine keynage asel tarr rasayananchi tyaa kinejala rokhanyachya tyanchya kshamatesathi chachani kelee jaeel.
etch. tii. ess. chey aanakhi eka karya mhanje nivadalelya lakshyasathi sanyuge kitee nivadak aahet heey dakhavane, kaaran ekhadyala eka renu shodhayacha aahe joou keval nivadalelya lakshyat hastakshep karel, parantu itar sambandhit lakshyanmadhye nahee. yasathi, nivadalelya lakshyachya viruddha 'hiit' itar sambandhit lakshyanmadhye hastakshep kartil qee nahee heey pahanyasathi itar screening runn kele jaatil-hii cross-screening prakriya aahe. cross-screening upayukt aahe kaaran sanyug jitke adhik asambandhit lakshyit karate titkech teey chikitsalayat pohochalyanantar tyaa sanyugasah lakshya nasalelya vishaktata udbhavanyachi shakyata jaast asate.
yaa suruvatichya tapasanitun eka paripoorn aushadh umedvar baher yenyachi shakyata nahee. aushadhanmadhye vikasit honyachi shakyata nasalelya sanyuganchi tapasani karane hii pahili payari aahe; udaharanarth, jawaljawal pratyek parikshanat yashasvi honari sanyuge, jyanna aushadhi rasayanshastradnyanni 'panne-asey hastakshep sanyuge' mhanoon vargikrut kele aahe, jarr tee aadhich rasayanik granthalayatun kadhoon takali gelee nastil tarr yaa tappyavar kadhoon takali jaatat. jaatat asey disun yete qee anek sanyuge kahee pramanat sakriy asalyache aadhalun yete aanee jarr yaa sanyuge samaan rasayanik vaishishtye samayik karat asateel tarr eka kinwa adhik pharmacophores vikasit kele jaau shakatat. yaa tappyavar, aushadhi rasayanshastradnya shise sanyugachi kahee vaishishtye sudharanyasathi rachana-kriyakalap sambandh (saar) vaparnyacha prayatna karatilah
yaa prakriyesathi anek punaravrutti tapasanichi aavashyakta asel, jyaa darmyan, naveen aanvik ghatakanche gunadharm sudhartil aanee pasantichya sanyuganna rogachya pasantichya modelmadhil kriyakalapansathi inn vitro aanee inn vivo chachanimadhye pudhe jaanyas anumati milel ashee aasha aahe.
aushadhanchya shoshanashi sambandhit bhautik rasayanik gunadharmanmadhye aayanikaran (pii. keey. aii.) aanee vidravyata yancha samavesh hoto; pargamyata pump aanee caco-2 dware nirdharit kelee jaau shakate. caco-2, jatharantra marg (jee. aay. tii.) aanee rakt-mendu adthala (bii. bii. bii.) yasarkhya chachanyanchya tulanet aushadhacha qamee vapar aanee qamee kharchamule prarambhik padada mhanoon pump aakarshak aahe, jyacha uchch parasparsambandh aahe.
lipinskychya pachchya niyamat prastavit kelyapramane sanyugachya gunvatteche kinwa sanyuganchya malikeche moolyankan karnyasathi mapdandanchi eka shreni vaparali jaau shakate. asha mapdandanmadhye lipophilicity, aanvik vajan, dhruviy prushthbhagache kshetrafal aanee kshamata, enzymatic clearanceche inn-vitro mapan ityadi mojalele gunadharm yancha andaj ghenyasathi cloggup yasarkhya mojalelya gunadharmancha samavesh hoto. legand karyakshamta (lii) aanee lipophilic karyakshamta (pipe) yasarkhe kahee varnan karnare aushadhanchya likeche moolyankan karnyasathi asey mapdand ekatra karatat.
naveen aushadhanchya shodhasathi etch. tii. ess. hii samanyatah vaparali jaanari paddhat asali taree tee ekmev paddhat nahee. jyaa renumadhye aadhich kahee ichchit gunadharm aahet, tyaa renupasoon suruvat karane bahudha shakya aahe. assa renu naisargik utpadanamadhun kadhala jaau shakato kinwa bajarat asalele aushadh dekhil asoo shakate jeey sudharle jaau shakate (tathakathit 'mea too' aushadhe). aabhasi uchch utpadan chachani yasarkhya itar paddhati, jithe sanganak-nirmit pratimancha vapar karoon tapasani kelee jaate aanee aabhasi granthalayanna lakshyit karnyasathi "dock" karnyacha prayatna keela jaato, tyaa dekhil anekada vaparlya jaatat.
aushadhanchya shodhasathichi dusari paddhat mhanje 'dii novo' aushadh rachana, jyamadhye rasayanik prakarancha andaj lavala jaato (udaa.jee.) lakshyit enzymechya sakriy thikani baswa. udaharanarth, aabhasi tapasani aanee sanganak-sahayyit aushadh rachana anekada naveen rasayanik sukshmajiv olakhanyasathi vaparali jaatat, jeey lakshyit prathinanshi parasparsanvad sadhu shakatat. aanvik modelling aanee aanvik gatishilata anukarane naveen aushadhanchya leedchi shakti aanee gunadharm sudharanyasathi margdarshak mhanoon vaparali jaau shakatat.
aushadh shodh samudayamadhye etch. tii. ess. pasoon door jaanyasathi eka aadarsh badal dekhil aahe, jeey mahag aahe aanee keval maryadit rasayanik jaaga samavisht karoo shakate, lahan granthalayanchya (jastit jaast kahee hazar sanyuge) tapasanikade. yamadhye tukada-aadharit shise shodh (eff. bii. dii. dii.) aanee prathine-nirdeshit gatishil sanyukt rasayanshastra yancha samavesh aahe. yaa drushtikonanmadhil legands sahasa khoopach lahan asatat aanee teey etch. tii. ess. pasoon olakhalya olakhalya hitpeksha kamkuvat bandhan sambandh asalelya lakshya prathinanshi bandhale jaatat. sendriya sanshleshanadvare shise sanyuganmadhye aanakhi badal karane bahudha aavashyak asate. asey badal anekada prathine-tukada sankulachya prathine ksh-kiran sphatikalekhanadvare nirdeshit kele jaatat. yaa paddhatinche fayade asey aahet qee teey adhik karyaksham tapasanila parvanagi detat aanee sanyug granthalay jaree lahan asale taree, etch. tii. ess. chya tulanet samanyatah mothya rasayanik jaagecha samavesh karate.
phenotypic screenne aushadhanchya shodhat naveen rasayanik prarambh bindu dekhil pradan kele aahet.  khameer, zebrafish, krumee, amar peshi resha, prathamik peshi resha, rugna-vyutpann peshi resha aanee sampoorn prani pratikruti yasah vividh pratikrutincha vapar keela gela aahe. yaa padadyanchi rachana, rogachya drukrupala ulat karnari sanyuge shodhanyasathi kelee gelee aahe, udaharanarth mrutyu, prathinanche ektrikaran, utparivarti prathinanchi abhivyakti kinwa peshi prasar, adhik samagr peshi pratikruti kinwa jivamadhye udaharane mhanoon. yaa padadyansathi lahan padade sanch vaparale jaatat, visheshtah jevha model mahag asatat kinwa chalvanyasathi velkhau asatat.  anek prakarananmadhye, yaa padadyanvaril fatake marnyachya krutichi achook yantrana adnyat aahe aanee heey nishchit karnyasathi vyapak lakshya vikrutee prayoganchi aavashyakta asoo shakate. chemoproteomicschya kshetrachya vadhine yaa prakarananmadhye aushadhachi uddishte olakhanyasathi anek dhorane pradan kelee aahet.
pureshi lakshya kshamata aanee nivad aanee aushadhansarkhya anukool gunadharmansah eka shise sanyug malika ekada sthapit jhaali qee, nantar aushadh vikasasathi eka kinwa done sanyuge prastavit kelee jaatil. yapaiki sarvottamas samanyatah lead kampaund mhanatat, tarr (mitoxantronapicstronpicsts)lawaaa "backup" mhanoon niyukt kele jaeel. yaa nirnayanna samanyatah sanganakeey modelling navkalpanancha pathimba asato.
nisarg haah srot aahe.
paramparikaritya, jeev jaganyasathi itar jivanchya kriyakalapanvar parinam karnyasathi tayar kelelya rasayanancha abhyas karoon jaivik kriyakalap asaleli anek aushadhe aanee itar rasayne shodhali gelee aahet.
shise shodhanyachya prakriyecha avibhajya bhag mhanoon sanyukt rasayanshastracha uday jhaala asala taree, naisargik utpadane ajunahi aushadhanchya shodhasathi prarambhik samagri mhanoon pramukh bhoomika bajavtat. 2007 chya ahavalat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee 1981 teey 2006 darmyan vikasit jhalelya 974 lahan renunpaiki 63 takke naisargik utpann kinwa naisargik utpadananche ardhasanshleshit vyutpann hote. pratijaivik, pratijaivik, uchcharaktadabavirodhi aanee dahak-virodhi aushadhe yasarkhya vishisht upchar kshetransathi, sankhya jaast hotee.
jivanurodhi upcharanchya vikasachya aadhunik tantransathi naveen rasayanik sanrachanancha srot mhanoon naisargik utpadane upayukt tharoo shakatat.
vanaspati-vyutpann.
vanaspatinni tayar kelelya anek duyyam chayapchayamadhye sambhavya upcharatmak aushadhi gunadharm asatat. yaa duyyam chayapchayamadhye prathinanche (receptors, enzymes ii.) karya asate, tyachyashi bandhale jaate aanee tyat badal kele jaatat.). parinami, vanaspatitun tayar keleli naisargik utpadane anekada aushadhanchya shodhasathi prarambhik bindu mhanoon vaparali gelee aahet.
itihas.
punarujjivan hoiparyant, pashchatya aushadhanmadhil bahusankhya aushadhe vanaspati-vyutpann ark hotee. yamule aushadhanchya shodhasathi prarambhik samagriche mahattvache srot mhanoon vanaspatinchya prajatinchya sambhavyatebaddal mahiticha eka pool tayar jhaala aahe. vanaspatichya vegvegalya sharirik bhaganmadhye tayar tayar vividh chayapachay aanee samprerkambaddalche vanaspatishastriy dnyan (udaa.jee. jaiv sakriy aanee aushadhashastriy vanaspati gunadharm yogyaritya olakhanyasathi mule, paaney aanee phule) mahattvapoorn aahet. rashtriy aushadh niyamak sansthanni tharavalelya niyamanmule naveen aushadhe olakhane aanee tyanna bajarasathi manyata midvane hii eka kathor prakriya asalyache siddha jhaale aahe.
jasmonet.
 dukhapat aanee antakoshiy sanketanchya pratisadat jasmonet mahatvache aahet. teey proteinase avarodhkadvare apoptosis aanee prathinanchya zarnyas pravrutt karatat, sanrakshn karye karatat aanee vividh jaivik aanee ajaivik tananna vanaspatinchya pratisadanche niyaman karatat. jasmonetmadhye chayapachay sodanyachya madhyamatoon padada vidhruvikaran prerit karoon mitochondrial padadyanvar thet karya karanyachi kshamata dekhil asate.
jakhamechya pratisadat aanee vanaspatinchya peshinmadhye uutinchya punarjananamadhye dekhil jasmonet derivatives (jaid) mahatvache aahet. manvi bahya tvachechya tharavar tyanche vruddhatvirodhi parinam asalyache dekhil olakhale gele aahe. teey proteoglycans (pii. jee.) aanee glycosaminoglycane (gagg) polysaccharideshy parasparkriya karatat assa sanshay aahe, jeey eae. see. emm. chey nutanikaran karnyat madat karnyasathi aavashyak bahyakoshikiy matricks (eae. see. emm.) ghatak aahet. tvachechya durustivar jaadchya shodhamule upcharatmak aushadhi vaparat yaa vanaspati samprerkanchya prabhavanmadhye naveen rus nirman jhaala aahe.
salicillates.
salycylic aaml (sa), eka phytohormone, suruvatila vilochya salapasoon tayar kele gele hote aanee tevhapasoon anek prajatinmadhye olakhale gele aahe. jaree tyachi bhoomika shastradnyanna adyap purnapane samajali nasali taree vanaspati rogpratikarak shaktimadhye tee eka mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate. teey vanaspati aanee pranyanchya uutinmadhil rog aanee pratikarshaktichya pratisadat guntalele asatat. tyanchyat salycylic acid binding prathine (saps) asatat jee anek pranyanchya uutinvar parinam karatat. vilag sanyugache pahile shodhalele aushadhi gunadharm vedna aanee taap vyavasthapanamadhye samavisht hote. peshincha prasar dadapanyatahi teey sakriy bhoomika bajavtat. tyanchyat lymphoblastic leukemia aanee itar manvi karkarog peshinmadhye mrutyu ghadavun aananyachi kshamata asate. salicylatespasoon salicylatespasoon sarvat samanya aushadhanpaiki eka mhanje aspirin, jyala acetylsalycylic acid asehi mhanatat, jyat dahak aanee pyretic-virodhi gunadharm aahet.
prani-vyutpann.
aadhunik vaidyakshastrat vaparali jaanari kahee aushadhe pranyanmadhye sapadali aahet kinwa pranyanmadhye pranyanmadhye sanyuganvar aadharit aahet. udaharanarth, hiruddin aanee tyache synthetic congener, bivliruddin hii anticoagulant aushadhe, "hirudo medicinalis" yaa jantuchya lalechya rasayanshastravar aadharit aahet. type 2 madhumehachya upcharansathi vaparale jaanare exenatide heey eka vishari sarada asalelya gila rakshas lalechya sanyuganpasun vikasit kele gele.
sukshmajiv chayapachay.
sukshmajiv rahanyachi jaaga aanee poshak tattvansathi spardha karatat. yaa paristhitit tikoon rahnyasathi, anek sukshmajivanni spardhatmak prajatinna vadhanyapasun rokhanyasathi kshamata vikasit kelya aahet. sukshmajiv heey pratijaivik aushadhanche mukhya srot aahet. streptomyces isolates heey pratijaivikancha itka maulyavan srot rahile aahet qee tyanna aushadhi sache mhatale gele aahe. (mitoxantronapicstronpicsts) sukshmajivanviruddha sanrakshn yantrana mhanoon sapadalelya pratijaivikeche utkrusht udaharan mhanje 1928 madhye "penicillium" burshimule dooshit jhalelya jivanu sanvardhanatil penicillin.
sagari aprushthavanshi.
sagari vatavaran heey naveen jaivaskriy ghatakanche sambhavya srot aahet. 1950 chya dashakat sagari aprushthavanshi pranyanmadhun sapadalelya arabinose nucleosidesne prathamach dakhavun dile qee raiboj aanee deoxyribose vyatirikt sakharechya itar sukshmatantunmule jaiv sakriy nucleoside sanrachana nirman houu shakatat. 2004 paryant pahile sagari-vyutpann aushadh manjur jhaale. udaharanarth, priyalt mhanoonahi olakhale jaanare shankuche gogalgay vish ziconotide heey tivra neuropathic vedanevar upchar karate. karkarog, dahak-virodhi vapar aanee vedna yasarkhya lakshanansathi sagari-vyutpann itar anek ghatak aata chikitsalayin chachanyanmadhye aahet. yapaiki eka varg bryostatinsarkhi sanyuge aahet, jyancha karkarogvirodhi upchar mhanoon tapas keela jaat aahe.
rasayanik vividhata.
varr namood kelyapramane, sanyukt rasayanshastra heey eka pramukh tantradnyan hote, jeey uchch-utpadan tapasanichya garjansathi mothya tapasani granthalayanchi karyaksham nirmiti saksham karate. tathapi, aata, done dashakanchya sanyukt rasayanshastranantar, asey nidarshanas aale aahe qee rasayanik sanshleshanatil karyakshamta vadhunahi, shise kinwa aushadhanchya umedvaranmadhye konatihi vaadh jhaleli nahee. yamule vidyaman aushadhe kinwa naisargik utpadananchya tulanet sanyukt rasayanshastra utpadananchya rasayanik vaishishtyanche vishleshan jhaale aahe. rasayanik jaaget sanyuganche vitaran mhanoon tyanchya bhautik rasayanik vaishishtyanvar aadharit rasayanik jaivavividhata hii rasayanik mahitishastrachi sankalpana, anekada sanyukt rasayanshastra granthalaye aanee naisargik utpadananmadhil farkache varnan karnyasathi vaparali jaate. krutrim, sanyukt granthalay sanyuge keval maryadit aanee agadi eksaman rasayanik jaaga vyapatat asey disate, tarr vidyaman aushadhe aanee visheshtah naisargik utpadane, rasayanik jaaget adhik samaan pramanat vitaran kareet, adhik mothya rasayanik vividhata darshavtat. sanyukt rasayanshastra granthalayanmadhil naisargik utpadane aanee sanyuganmadhil sarvat pramukh farak mhanje kieral kendranchi sankhya (naisargik sanyuganmadhye khoop jaast), sanrachanechi kadakpana (naisargik sanyuganmadhye jaast) aanee sugandhi moitychi sankhya (sanyukt rasayanshastra granthalayanmadhye jaast). yaa done gatanmadhil itar rasayanik farkanmadhye heteroatumche swaroop (oo aanee aine naisargik utpadananmadhye samruddha, aanee ess aanee halogen anoo adhik vela krutrim sanyuganmadhye asatat), tasech gair-aeromatic asantruptatechi patali (naisargik utpadananmadhye uchch) yancha samavesh hoto. rachana kathorata aanee kyrality heey donhi aushadhi rasayanshastratil susthapit ghatak aahet jeey sanyuganchi vishishtata aanee aushadh mhanoon parinamkarakta vadhavanyasathi olakhale jaatat, asey suchavale gele aahe qee naisargik utpadananchi tulana aajchya sanyukt rasayanshastra granthalayanshi sambhavya shise renu mhanoon anukulpane kelee jaate.
tapasani.
naisargik strotanmadhun naveen jaivaskriy rasayanik ghatak shodhanyasathi done mukhya drushtikon astitvat aahet.
pahilya bhagala kadhikadhi yadruchchik sangrah aanee samagrichi tapasani asey sambodhale jaate, parantu sangrah yadruchchik nahee. jivashastriy (anekada vanaspatishastriy) dnyanacha vapar anekada vachan denari kutumbe olakhanyasathi keela jaato. haah drushtikon prabhavi aahe kaaran pruthvichya jaivavividhatechya keval eka chhotya bhagachi aushadhanchya kriyakalapansathi chachani karnyat aalee aahe. tasech, prajati-samruddha vatavaranat vatavaranat jivanna tikoon rahnyasathi sanrakshanatmak aanee spardhatmak yantrana vikasit karane aavashyak aahe. fayadeshir aushadhanchya vikasat tyaa yantranancha vapar keela jaau shakato.
samruddha parisansthanmadhil vanaspati, prani aanee sukshmajivanchya namunyancha sangrah sambhavyatah aushadh vikas prakriyet upayukt asalelya naveen jaivik kriyakalapanna janm deu shakato. yaa dhoranachya yashasvi vaparache eka udaharan mhanje 1960 chya dashakat suru jhalelya rashtriy karkarog sansthene antitumer agentschee tapasani karane. paclitaxelchi olakh paisiphik yuu vruksh "taxus bravifolia" pasoon jhaali. paclitaxelmadhye purvi varneet naan kelelya yantranedvare (sukshmanalikanche sthirikaran) tumourvirodhi kriyakalap disun aala aanee aata fuffus, stun aanee andashayachya karkarogachya upcharansathi tasech kaposichya sarkomachya vaidyakeey vaparasathi tyala manyata denyat aalee aahe. aahe shatkachya suruvatila, cabazitaxel (sanophy yaa french companyne tayar kelele), heey taxaulche aanakhi eka sambandhit prostate karkarogaviruddha prabhavi asalyache darshavile gele aahe, kaaran teey sukshmanalikanchi nirmiti rokhoon dekhil karya karate, jeey gunasutranna vibhajit peshinmadhye (jase qee karkarogachya peshi) vegale khechatat. itar udaharane ashee aaheth 1. camptotheca (camptothesin topotecan irinotechan rubitecan belotechan); 2. podophilum (itoposide teneposide); 3aii. anthracyclines (acclarubicin · downorubicin · doxorubicin · epirubicin · idarubicin · amrubicin · pirarubisin · valrubicin · zorobicin); zorobicin);. anthracenadions (mitoxantronapicstronpicsts).
(mitoxantronapicstronpicsts) mukhya drushtikonat, samajatil vanaspatinchya samanya vaparacha abhyas, aanee visheshtah aushadhi vaparanvar laksh kendrit karnare, ethanobotanymadhil eka kshetra, ethanopharmacology, yancha samavesh aahe.
200 bii. see. pasoon chiinii aushadhanmadhye vaparale jaanare artemisinin heey god krumichya 'artemisia enua' madheel maleria virodhi ghatak, heey eka aushadh aahe jeey bahu-pratirodhak 'plasmodium falsiperum' sathee sanyojan upcharpaddhaticha bhag mhanoon vaparale jaate.
sanrachanatmak spashtikaran.
rasayanik ghatakacha punha shodh talhanyasathi rasayanik sanrachaneche spashtikaran mahatvache aahe jeey tyachya rachana aanee rasayanik kriyakalapansathi aadhich olakhale jaate. maas spectrometry hii eka paddhat aahe jyamadhye aayanikaranantar, tyanchya vastuman/aavesh gunottaranusar vaiyaktik sanyuge olakhali jaatat. rasayanik sanyuge nisargat mishran mhanoon astitvat asatat, mhanoon drav varnapat aanee vastuman varnamiteey (ell. see.-emm. ess.) yanche sanyojan anekada vaiyaktik rasayne vegale karnyasathi vaparale jaate. dnyat sanyugansathi vastuman varnpatanche databases upalabdh aahet aanee adnyat vastuman varnapatala rachana niyukt karnyasathi vaparale jaau shakatat. naisargik utpadananchya rasayanik sanrachana nishchit karnyasathi nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy heey prathamik tantra aahe. aine. emm. aar. mule sanrachanetalya vaiyaktik hydrogen aanee carbon anoombaddal mahitee milate, jyamule renuchya sanrachanechi tapshilvar punarrachana houu shakate.
naveen aushadh anuprayog.
jevha ekhade aushadh tyachya sampoorn sanshodhanachya itihasat puravyasah vikasit kele jaate, jeey darshavate qee teey united statesmadhye ichchit vaparasathi surakshit aanee prabhavi aahe, tevha company aushadhache vyaparikaran karnyasathi aanee vaidyakeey vaparasathi upalabdh honyasathi-naveen aushadh anuprayog (aine. dii. aii.)-arj dakhal karoo shakate. aine. dii. aii. sthitee eff. dii. aii. laa aushadhavaril serve sadar kelelya mahitiche parikshan karnyas saksham karate, jenekarun aushadh umedwarala tyachi suraksha, parinamachi vishishtata aanee matrechi parinamkarakta yanchya aadhare manyata dyavi qee nahee yavar nirnay gheta yeil.
aushadh shodh prakriya.
aushadh shodh prakriyesathi heey eka mothe paul aahe jeey pratyakshat chaar tappyanmadhye vibhagale gele aahe jase qee
(aaa) aushadhacha shodh
(buub) purv-naidanik sanshodhan 
(qa) chikitsalayin chachanya
(daad) aushadhanche nirikshan kinwa aushadhopachar

