
cambridge shaala (bauddhik itihas)

bauddhik itihas aanee rajkiy vicharanchya itihasat, cambridge shaala hii eka shithil aitihasik chalval aahe jee paramparikpane cambridge vidyapithashi sambandhit aahe, jithe shaleshi sambandhit anekanni quentin skiiner, jeey. jee. aaa. pocock, pieter laslet, johnn dunn, james tully, david ransiman aanee raymond gues.
vihangavalokan.
cambridge schoolche varnan aitihasik kinwa sandarbhavadi paddhatiche spashtikaran mhanoon kele jaau shakate, jyat aitihasik paristhitivar aanee dilelya aitihasik yugachya bhashanachya bauddhik sandarbhavar prathamik bharr deela jaato aanee vyakhyanachya paramparik paddhatinchya kathit kalbahyavadala virodh keela jaato, jyacha vishvas aahe qee samajik aanee rajkiy jivanachya vishisht aadhunik samajutichya drushtine grunth aanee kalpananche mahatva vikrut karatat. yaa sandnyanmadhye, cambridge shaala yaa arthane 'aadarshavadi' aahe qee tee kalpana swatamadhye manvi itihasache rachnatmak ghatak mhanoon swikarte aanee mhanunach itihasalekhanatil samajik-vaidnyanik pratyakshavadachya viruddha aahe.
quentin skinnercha 1969 madheel lekh 'kalpananchya itihasatil arth aanee samaj' haah grunth anekada shalechya tattvanchi mool ghoshana mhanoon thewala jaato. yethe, skiiner jyache varnan too done 'rudhivadi' mhanoon karato tyavar hallah karatoh 'barmahivad', tatvadnyanni nehmich samaan moolbhut prashnanvar charcha kelee aahe assa drushtikon; aanee sandarbh haah granthanchya aitihasik samajutishi aprasangik aahe, jyache swatahsathiche sahitya mhanoon vachan kele jaau shakate. marqa beveerchya shabdat, skiiner aanee tyachya sahakanyanni "kalpananna keval epiphenomina mhanoon nakarnanya kamikarte aanee granthanna kalatit tatvik kaame mhanoon pahana pramanit siddhantvadyanviruddha rajkiy siddhantachya itihasache samarthan kele".
yaa shalevar anek aaghadyanvar teeka jhaali aahe. ekikade, samajik itihasasarkhya adhik bhautikvadi sandarbhat kaam karananya itihaskaranni kalpananvar shalene laksh kendrit karnyavar teeka kelee aahe. khristofar goto-johns yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee bauddhik itihasatil pashchimatya nasalelya yogdanakade durlaksh karoon hii shaala prachyavadi dishene vikasit jhaali aahe.
michael oakshot prabhavavaril vadavivad.
cambridge shalechya kalpanechya itihasat, visheshtah jeey. chya sandarbhat antargat visangati prakat jhalyache disate.jee.aaa. jaagtik" sandarbhavad tasech vividh "bahusanskrutikata" punaravruttichi gambhir tapasani aanee asha sandarbhavadachi vyaktiparak, sambhavya sapeksh naslyas, ruparesha yaa donhinsathi pocockche dvandvatmak aavahan. pocockchya swatachya sandarbhavadacha sambandh michael oakshotshee jodala gela aahe, visheshtah 1968 madhye udarmatvadi-puranmatvadi tattvadnyane samarthan kelelya samajik-aitihasik bhashavidnyanachya dhadyanvaril eka gambhir nibandh prakashit kelyanantar. 1958chya nibandhat (1962madhye prakashit) pocockne aadhich spashtapane yuktivad keela hota qee, manvi uchcharanvar bhootkalatil samajachya apariharya prabhavanvar okeshaashiyan bhashyala samantar asoonahi, pieter lasletchya shikavanuki aanee prayatnanmadhun vyutpann honari barichashi vadhati sandarbhavadi karyapaddhati. cambridge shalechya kalpanechya itihasavaril eka lekhala nuktyach dilelya pratisadat, pocock adhik spashtapane rajkiy hotah "...yaa varshanmadhye cambridgemadhye [1956-58] mea mothya pramanat aakarshit hoto, jaree purnapane rupantarit kadhich jhaala nahee, okshotchya davyachya saundaryavadi puranmatvadakade qee manvi samajadvare nirman jhalelya pravachanachya shreni aahet...itaki sankhya qee tee atulaneey aahe aanee ekmekansathi tyanchi mahitee vishleshanatmak niyantranachya palikade aahe."
jeey.jee.aaa. pocockne 1965 chya 'mackiawelli, harrington aanee atharavya shatkatil ingraji rajkiy vichardhara' yaa lekhachya antim bhagat michael oakshotcha ullekh keela aahe."yaa parichhedat, agadi diachronic abhyasanmadhyehi," "machiavelian kshanachya" "madhye" "nava-harringtonian" "chya ghauk samkramik vargikaranala" "pratikriyavadi" "aanee tyanche virodhak" "puranmatvadi" "mhanoon soochit kele aahe". yaa parichhedat pocockne mageel varshi prakashit kelelya eka lekhatil saransh yuktivadancha samavesh hota, 'vidhee, bhasha, shaktih pracheen chiinii tattvadnyanachya spasht rajkiy arthanvaril eka nibandh' mhanje 'rajyashastra'. pocockne vichar keela qee, puranmatvadi paksh itihasala [nava-harringtonian 'shaley pustakachya vyakhyela'] nakarat aahe aanee virodhakanni tyala aavahan kele aahe heey vachakanna "vichitra" vatel...jevha virodhi jyachya [puranmatvadi pakshachya sadasyala] tond dyave lagat asel too kattarpanthi pratikriyavadi asato, too purvichya goshtinkade parat yenyache samarthan karato (too mhanato), tevha puranmatvadyanni, pratham, bhootkalatil goshti virodhichya matey navhatya, dusare mhanje, bhootkalala aavahan karanyachi sampoorn kalpana avyavasthit aahe, assa yuktivad karane aashcharyakarak nahee. too aitihasik tikanchya madhyamatoon pahile sadhya karoo shakato, jeey agadi moolbhut tantraitakech puranmatvadi asanyachi shakyata aahe. nantarche teey donpaiki konatyahi eka margane sadhya karoo shakato. hooker aanee barkpramanech too paramparela aakarshit karoo shakato...kinwa too kathor anubhavavadacha avalamb karoo shakato, joou itihasachya sampoorn kalpanela apeal nyayalay mhanoon shodhato...heey done yuktivad jitke disatat titke vegale naheet. pracheen chiinii tatvadnya suun tzu yanni tyanna ekatra aananyacha prayatna keela aanee tyaa albionchya okshoten betamadhye teey anek sanyojananmadhye aadhaltat."sambandhit tipavar, cambridge shalechya lekhala dilelya 2019 chya pratisadat, pocockne pudhe tyachya 1975 chya" "daad machiavelian moment" "chaa ullekh american settingmadhil (bernard bellin aanee carolin robbins yanni suchavalela) 'cambridge' grunth [likhit] mhanoon keela"."bellinchi hii soochana bahudha pocockchya 1965 chya lekhavaril" "doubleu. emm. kyu" "sampadakiy tippanyanvarun ghetali gelee asavi, parantu pocockchya moolbhut abhyasasathi bellinshee sambandhit konatihi prerana haah vidvattapoorn chaukashicha vishay aahe".
prajasattak sthitee.
jeey. jee. aaa. pocock veloveli spasht aanee adyayavat cambridge shalechya paddhati. udaharanarth, 1981 chya eka paddhatshir nibandhat, pocockne vighatanavar teeka kelee, pandit aanee vidvananvar "aashchary" vyakt kele jyanni "american vicharvantanchya katkarsthanat paksh mhanoon [tyala] doshi tharavale" aanee itihasaprati tyancha drushtikon spasht karnyasathi kararkoshatil "haravalelya jahajavaril hallekhor" charitra vyakhya vaparnyacha prayatna keela. tyanni vichar keela qee "heey spasht aahe qee mea asha goshtinchi sthitee gruheet dharat nahee jyamadhye pratyek vakprachar kinwa pratiman asha vyaktincha samuday paribhashit karato jeey tyachya atinmadhye bolatat aanee jyanche vichar tyachya purvkalpanandware niyantrit kele jaatat."bhashanachya punarrachanechi uddishte rajkiy vicharanna prakash dene hii hotee, dilelya bhashanapeksha swatantra rajkiy vicharanchi shakyata kinwa sambhavyata purvavat karane hii navhati.
2004 madhye, jeey. jee. aaa. pocockne cambridge shalet yogdan denyachya tyachya anek uddeshanpaiki ekache spashtikaran dile. pocockne pushti kelee qee "[quentin] skiiner aanee mea 'sakaratmak' kinwa 'prajasattak' sthitibaddal eka vishisht sahanubhootimadhye sahmat aahot."nantarche" "sthan" "sahasa, parantu nehmich nahee, udaharanarth, audhyogik aanee audhyogik uttar-american" "purogami vyavasay" "kinwa rajyavihin samaj aanee upasanskratinmadhil samuhikteaivaji sarkarchya paddhati soochit karate". miira seagleberg mhanate qee hannachya kalpana, tyachya [nantarchya] yuktivadachya pramanatmak parinamancha srot mhanoon kaam karnyaivaji-tyachya kahee tikakaranni dawa kelyapramane-pocockne tichya nagri prajasattakvadachya shauryachya gambhir sambandhat swatahla thewale."
jeey. yanni kelelya cambridge shalechya sandarbhavadavaril tikela pratyuttar.jee.aaa. pokok.
1995 madhye, itihaskar bernard bellin yanni laa trobe vidyapithat, sandarbhavadachya gambhir mulyankananvar aanee asha sandarbhanna paar karananya kalpananvar, 'itihasatil sandarbh' mhanoon 'chaturthansh' madhye prakashit kelele vyakhyan dile. gorden ess. woodney 'saptahik manak' yaa 'sarvajanik heet' chya nidhanadarmyan navasanrakshakatvasathichya patrachya punravlokananmadhye 'itihasatil sandarbh' yaa vishayavar belinchya yuktivadancha ullekh keela aanee tyanchi punaravrutti kelee. 1996 madhye, jeey. jee. aaa. pocock tyanchya tikela 'sankalpana aanee pravachanah sanskratitil farak' madhye punha sameel jhaala.]."kalpanancha itihas, sankalpanatmak itihas kinwa pravachanancha itihas mhanoon cambridge shaletil prakashananche" ekroop "qaa kele jaau naye heey spasht karane haah pocockcha uddesh hota. pocockchya matey, "byanch kalapurvi, mea tharavale qee mea 'kalpanancha itihas' yaa tatkalin paramparik sandnyedvare jeey karat hoto tyache varnan yapudhe yaa aadharavar karnar nahee qee, kalpana spashtapane manvi manat tayar jhalya asalya taree, hii sandnya swatach thos aitihasik swaroop darshavat nahee jyamadhye kalpana itihasamadhye satatya aanee badal hott asalyache darshavitat [kadachit itihasatil satatya aanee badal mhanoon aadhar). "idean" aanee "begriff" (kalpana aanee sankalpana mhanoon ingerjit spasht kelele) heey nishchitach eksarkhe nasatat, parantu mallah vatate qee sankalpananchya itihasababat kalpana itihasababat teech adchan udbhavu shakate. mhanjech, yaa kshetratil vidwan bhasha, shabdasangrah, vyakaran, alankarshastra aanee tyanchya vaparachya itihasache, bahutansh likhit aanee mudrit swarupat parikshan kartil, jyamadhye shabd aanee upayog manatalya manat sankalpana vyakt karatat...sankalpana hii alaukik kinwa avastav aahet asey mea mhanat nahee; aanee bhasha heey ekmev antim vastav aahe asey mhanane majhe kaam nahee."udaharanarth, 'rajyachya sankalpanecha itihas' tayar karnyacha prayatna eka sarthak prayatna hota, kaaran" "assa eka kaal aala asava jyamadhye sthanik vishisht aitihasik pratinidhi satatyane ashee bhasha vaparat asavet jyamadhye rajya yaa shabdachi olakh-paryayane, itar konatyahi bhashetil shabdavali jyacha niyamitpane anuvad karata yeil aanee tyaa shabdadvare aanee tyachya sandnyandvare anuvadit karnyasathi swatahla nyayya tharavata yeil-asha prakare vaparlya gelya asavyat jyamule itihaskaranna bhashechya vaparachya itihasasah sankalpanecha vikasatmak kinwa dvandvatmak itihas sthapit karanyachi parvanagi milel. tyanantar aaplyala aadhalel qee aapan abhyas karat asalelya kalavadhit rajyachi kahee sankalpana aakarala aalee."sankalpanatmak itihas aanee kalpananchya itihasasathi, paraspar sahmatichi bhashantare mahattvachi hotee aanee 'niyamitpane anuvadit karnyasathi' samanya shabdik sandnyanatmak aanee/kinwa dnyanshastriy samarthanachi aavashyakta asalyache disate."anyatha", aamhi aamcha arth aanee aamchi bhasha aaplya vyatirikt itar bhashechya jagaat rahana aitihasik kalakaranvar ladat aahot aanee mhanat aahot qee aadarshpane, tyanni aaplya bhashene paribhashit kelelya jagaat vastavya kele asave."udaharanarth, greek" "polis" "[πολις], chiinii" "kuo" "[′], lattin" "civitas" "kinwa" "imperium" "kinwa" "race public" ", prarambhik aadhunik ingraji" "rashtrakul", "florentin" "steto", "french" "état" "kinwa ingraji" "istet" "chey bhashantar mhanoon" "rajya" "yaa shabdacha vapar kartana" "dhoke" "hote"."vareel sarvanche" "rajya" mhanoon bhashantar karane, mhanje aaplya swatachya sankalpanancha eka bhag-itihasavar aadarsh rachana ladlyashivay karane katheen hote "."chiinii" "kuo" "chya babatit, ladane heey sambhavyatah eurocentrismche udaharan asoo shakate".
jeey. jee. aaa. pocockne 'rajyachya sankalpanechya itihas' chey shakya titke udaharan kayam thewale, jyamadhye samanya shabdik sandnyanatmak aanee/kinwa dnyanshastriy samarthan, jaree sandarbh badalat asale taree, tulanatmak aanee sanyugachya nivadak sanchamadhye 'rajya' yaa sankalpaneche niyamitpane bhashantar karane. pradhyapak koselek yanni varnan kelyapramane, tyanni suchavale qee "satelzit" [aadhunikatechya yugat haloohaloo kinwa vegwan badal], sankalpananchya itihasala eka vaishishtya mhanoon aanee tyamadhye pradarshit kelyapramane, satat aanee satatchya vadavivadat ekmekanviruddha aayojit kelelya pravachananchya chaloo itihasache vaishishtya mhanoon "swatah siddha" kele."yaulat, jeey vidwan" sandarbh aanee granthanchya itihasashi sambandhit aahet...tyaa kshani teey kase vaparale jaat hote aanee alpavadhit teey kase badalale jaat hote heey pahanyasathi eka samkramitpane astitvat asalele bhasha-jug sthapit qaraa."haah spasht samanvayatmak bharr asoonahi, cambridge shaleche heey anuyayi" sthiratesathi jitke vachanbaddha aahet titkech gatishilatesathi vachanbaddha aahet."pocockne matra heey manya kele qee teey dichronicmadhil badalanchya adhik dirghakalin namunyacha shodh ghenyapeksha synchronicmadhye navkalpananche swaroop sthapit karnyat changle aahet."asha prakare, dvandvatmak paddhatine, kalpanancha itihas aanee sankalpanatmak itihas yaa donhimule, cambridge schoola dilelya kalpana kinwa sankalpanecha abhyas karnyasathi, jyaa badalatya sandarbhat tee vaparali gelee hotee, jyaa badalatya marganni aanee jyaa uddeshansathi tee vaparali gelee hotee, aanee jyaa badalatya malvahatuk, dharana aanee itar mahattvachya paddhati veloveli tyachyashi jodalya gelya hotya, tyaa badalatya sandarbhanmadhye prerit kele."tyanchya nishkarshane punaruchchar keela qee kalpanancha itihas, sankalpanatmak itihas aanee pravachanancha itihas" yacha samna keela jaau shakato, tulana kelee jaau shakate aanee ektrit keela jaau shakato, parantu ekroop keela jaau shakat nahee."
bellin aanee itaranni kelelya 'machiavelian kshan' madheel cambridge shalechya sandarbhatil paddhatshir tikanna pratisad mhanoon, jeey.jee.aaa. pocockne ughad kele qee, yaa virodhamule 1999 teey 2015 yaa kalat prakashit jhalelya tyachya bahu-khandiy 'barbarata aanee dharm' malikecha, dnyanachya kalat tayar kelelya itihaslekhanavar aanee rajkiy vicharanchya itihasala tyacha fayda jhaala. itihasatil siddhantah sandarbh aanee varnanatil samasya" yaa sandarbhavadachya vaparadvare samore aalela sarvat samanya prashna pocockne upasthit kelah "too nemke konatya atty nirdisht karato aanee itaranna qaa nahee tarr tyaa qaa nirdisht karato?"pococksathi", haah prashna jasjasa aapan sarav aanee itihasachya kshetrat pravesh karato tasatasa adhik dabdayak banato, jithe jyaa paristhitikhali aanee jyaa sandarbhat aapan kaam karato, tyachi vyakhya kadhihi antimatesah kelee jaau shakat nahee...itihaskarane, konatyahi eka kshani aaplyala samajanyapeksha aanee siddhant kinwa aacharanat rupantarit karnyapeksha barech kahee nehmich chaloo asate yachee aathvan karoon dett, eka uttar-barkian madhyamvargiy puranmatvadisarkhe disu lagale aahe. rajkiy krutee aanee rajkiy samaj haah nehmich aitihasik kathanakachya sandarbhat samajoon ghetala pahije, assa prastav pudhe nett, aanee itaranna shodhanyasathi aamantrit karat, eka vyakti swatachya adhikarat rajkiy siddhantkar banala aahe."tyamule pocockne sandarbhavadi bhutkalavaril bellin-wood teeka sweekarli aanee sanvadatmak paddhatine, vidvananni" "itihaslekhan hii rajkiy vichar aanee siddhant, sahitya aanee pravachan yanchi eka shakha mhanoon abhyas karava", "assa prastav mandala, aanee hii paddhatshir teeka dusya" "rajkiy siddhant" "varr dilelya" "rajkiy siddhant" "sathee kinwa tyach" "rajkiy siddhantachya bhinnatesathi" "yuktivad mhanoon mandali"."tyanni bhootkal aanee vartmankalatil itihaskaranvar chintan kele", jeey yaa jagaat kaay chalale aahe yacha abhyas karatat aanee varnan karatat; kadachit eka 'rajkiy siddhant' asoo shakato joou tyach ghatananvar bhashya karato."tarihi pocockne cambridge skoolmadheel tyache prathamik yogdan heey rajkiy vichar aanee pratinidhitva mhanoon itihaslekhanche sanvadatmak moolyankan hote yaa konatyahi yuktivadache khandan kele aanee tyache khandan kele.
"cambridge university presdware "sandarbhatil kalpana".
1984 madhye, cambridge vidyapithachya vruttapatrane 'itihasatil tatvadnyanah tattvadnyanachya itihasalekhanatil nibandh' prakashit kele, joou johns hopkins vidyapithatil 1982-83 parishadechya kramasathi denyat aalelya vyakhyanancha sangrah aahe. haah sangrah prakashakachya 'idea inn context' malikecha udghatan khand banala, jyat eka sampadakiy mandal hote jyat quentin skiiner, richard rorty aanee jeey. buub. sneevind. parichayatmak nibandhane khandachi aanee 'sandarbhatil kalpana' yaa malikechi olakh mhanoon kaam kele. tinhi sampadakanni swakshari kelee asali taree, richard fisher assa yuktivad karatat qee uddeshache vidhan rortine "mothya pramanat lihile" hote aanee tyanantar jeey ghadale aahe tyapeksha "tonely vegale" hote."asey mhatale jaate qee, quentin skiiner done dashakanhun adhik kaal surr sampadak mhanoon rahila. yaa malikecha dusra khand 'sadgun, vanijya aanee itihasah rajkiy vichar aanee itihasatil nibandh, pramukhyane atharavya shatkat' haah hota, jeey. jee. aaa. pocock jyane kalpananchya sandarbhanchya abhyasat veloveli sausurian "bhasha aanee parol" tainat kele, maliketil sahavya khandachi, "prarambhik-aadhunik europemadhil rajkiy siddhantachi bhasha" ashee purvatayari kelee. pocockne yaa malikesathi kadhihi pramukh sampadak mhanoon kaam kele nahee.
1984chya sangrahatil prastavnevar punha skiiner, rorty aanee sneevind yanni swakshari kelee, jyat robbert ell. yanni vidvattapoorn aanee aarthik asha donhi prakarchya pathimbyabaddal krutadnyata vyakt kelee. petton. petton heey cameroonche amerikeche majee rajdoot, mahavidhyalay aanee vidyapithache majee adhyaksh aanee 'daad chronicle auph hier education' suru karananya shikshanatil sampadakiy prakalpanche vishvast hote. 1976 madhye, vidyapith-vyapi toot kayam rakhalyabaddal tivra teeka kelyanantar tyanni hoffstra vidyapithacha rajinama deela. matra, rajinamyanantar kahee mahinyannich, petanane 'newyork times' madhye eka lekh lihila, jyamadhye vidvattapoorn prayatna tasech sansthanchi dekhbhal aanee vistar karnyasathi nidhi ubharani, vilinikaran aanee 'vyavasay' saha bhagidari vadhavanyachi magani kelee gelee. jawaljawal eka dashkanantar, petton yanchi paropkari exon education foundationchya adhyakshapadi niyukti karnyat aalee. prastavnet asey soochit kele hote qee petanane "aamchya upkramachya pratyek tappyavar aamhala madat karnyasathi eka rugna aanee udar mitra karoo shakat asalele serve kahee kele. aamchya yojnanmadhil serve badalanmadhye tyancha yaa prakalpavaril protsahan aanee vishvas utsahavardhak aanee sthir rahila."pettonchya netrutvakhalil exon education foundation yapurvi johns hopkins vidyapithachya vyakhyan kramala nidhi deela hota. foundation pustakanchya malikela prayojit karat aahe, tarr cambridge university press shaikshanik prakashanat shashvatata aanee urja bachat karnyas protsahan dete.
aarthik aanee paropkari satatya asoonahi, '100 chya sandarbhat kalpana' yaa shirshakachya 'kalpananchya itihasachya niyatkalik' madheel pustak malikesathi samarpit 2014 chya vishesh ankatil yogdankartyanni aashay aanee vyaptimadhye lakshaniy badal pahile. yogdankartyanni asehi namood kele qee yaa maliketil anek abhyasanni cambridge shalechya paddhatinche katekorpane palan kele nahee. tyaeivaji, yaa pustakanmadhye 1980chya dashakapasun prasangiktetil anek badal aanee navkalpananche ektritpane pratinidhitva kele gele. vishesh ankatil sampadakiy parichayat asey manya kele gele qee, 'cambridge shalechi aakar denari sankalpana' anek monographmadhye 'sandarbhatil kalpana' madhye pratibimbit jhaali hotee-rajkiy vicharanchya itihasavar laksh kendrit karane, prajasattakvadachya karkirdishi sambandhit chinta aanee tyache vividh vaicharik aavhan, dharmapasoon alipta dharmnirpeksh rajkiy kalpanancha abhyas karanyachi pravrutti, prarambhik aadhunik europemadhye vyastata aanee yuktivad, bhasha aanee granthanchya daat sandarbhatmak jaalyat asalelya paschim european aanee ingraji lekhakanchya siddhantasathi eka pravanata."parantu" "prarambhik-aadhunik europemadhil rajkiy siddhantachi bhasha" "prakashit jhalyanantar lavkarach yaa malikecha vistar vyapak kalkram, sankalpana, bauddhik prayatnanchi kshetre aanee pradeshancha samavesh karnyasathi vegane jhaala"."tyachpramane, cambridge shaleshi sarvat jawalun sambandhit asalelya" "sandarbhatil kalpanancha" "aanee" "paddhatshir chintancha sambandh"...sandarbhanusar kalpana nirman karananya anek pratishthit karyanchya patrapeksha aatmyane adhik shasson karnyacha cull aahe."
christopher celenza pudhe mhanale qee "sandarbhatil kalpana" yaa maliket "varishtha vidvananni kelelya kshetra-paribhashit krutrim karyancha samavesh hota (pieter novikche" teey udatt swapna "aanee dorothy rossche" american samajik vidnyanache mool "); navinyapurn abhyas jeey patkan pramanit jhaale (david armitageche" british samrajyache vaicharik mool "); prasiddha vidvananni lihileli pustake eka naveen, pathadarshi margavar vatchal karat aahet (udaa.eae.aar. lloydche 'virodhak aanee adhikari'); parishada kinwa vyakhyan maliketoon ('itihasatil tattvadnyan') udbhavalele khand; ekach mahattvachya sankalpanebhovati nibandhanche sangrah ('punarujjivan nagri manavtavadah punarmulyankan aanee pratibimb', aavrutti. james hankins) aanee anek pahili pustake."celenza yanni" "sandarbhatil kalpana" "malikechya" "aavashyak dhyey" "chee vyakhya ashee kelee qee abhyasakhalil vicharvantanna (sansthatmak paristhiti, charitra aanee tatkal bauddhik parampara) sandarbh pradan karane aanee asey kartana, assa nishkarsh kadhala jaato qee keval tyanchya granthanchi (aanee visheshtah tyanchya granthanchya yuktivadanchi) chhanani karane shakya jhaale nasate"."