
angkor waut

angkor vaat (;, "mandiranche shahar/rajdhani") heey kambodiyatil eka mandir sankul aahe, jeey mojmap sthalavar sthit aahe. ginnies world reecord' yala jagatil sarvat mothee dharmik rachana manate. 12 vya shatkat raja suryavarman dusra yane khamer samrajyasathi vishnu dewala samarpit hindu mandir mhanoon bandhale hote, yaa shatkachya akheris tyache haloohaloo bauddha mandirat rupantar karnyat aale; tyamule tyache varnan 'hindu-bauddha' mandir mhanoonahi kele jaate.
12vya shatkachya suruvatila khamer raja suryavarman dusra yachya sangnyavarun khamer samrajyachi rajdhani asalelya yashodharapuramadhye (sadhyacha angkor) angkorwat heey tyache rajya mandir aanee akherche makbara mhanoon bandhanyat aale hote. angkor vatmadhye khamer mandir vastukalechya done moolbhut yojana ekatra kelya aaheth mandir-parvat aanee nantarche chitrankit mandir. hindu pauranik kathanmadhil devanche ghar meru parvatache pratinidhitva karnyasathi tyachi rachana kelee gelee aaheh 5 kilometerpeksha jaast (3 mail) lambichya khandkamadhye aanee eka bahya bhint lamb teen aayatakruti dalane aahet, pratyek pudhchyachya varr ubharaleli aahet. mandirachya madhyabhagi manonyancha eka chhota aakar aahe. bahutek angcorian mandiranpramane, angkorwat paschim dishela aahe; yache mahatva kaay aahe yabaddal vidvananmadhye matbhed aahet. vastukalechi bhavyata aanee susanvad, tyachya vyapak tall-aaram aanee tyachya bhintinna sushobhit karananya asankhya devatansathi mandirache kautuk kele jaate. aadhunik naav angkor vaat, paryayipane nokor vaat, yacha arth khamermadhye "mandiranche shahar" kinwa "mandiranche shahar" assa hoto. "angkor" (<unk>) mhanje "shahar" kinwa "rajdhaniche shahar", haah "nokor" (<unk>) yaa shabdacha eka sthanik prakar aahe, joou sanskrut/paali shabd "nagar" (devnagarih nagar) pasoon aala aahe. "vatt () haah" "mandiranche maidan" "haah shabd sanskrut/paali shabd" "vaat" "(devnagarih vaat) pasoon dekhil aala aahe, jyacha arth" "gherav" "assa hoto".
mandirache mool naav 'vra vishnulok' kinwa 'param vishnulok' hote jyacha arth 'vishnuche pavitra nivassthan' assa hoto.
itihas.
angkor vaat heey aadhunik seam kapanichya shaharachya uttares aanee bafuon yethe kendrit asalelya mageel rajdhanichya dakshines aanee thodya purvela aahe. kambodiyachya eka bhagat jithe pracheen sanrachanancha eka aavashyak gut aahe, too angkorchya mukhya sthalanchya dakshinekadil bhag aahe.
angkor vatche bandhkam ii. sha. 1122 teey 1150 yaa 28 varshanhun adhik kaal raja suryavarman dusra (1113-shasson) yachya karkirdit jhaale. devkarpandit (1040-) navachya brahmanane suryavarman dusra yala mandir bandhanyasathi aagrah keela. angkorwat yetheel serve mool dharmik sankalpana hindu dharmatoon prapt jhalya aahet. purvichya rajanchya shaiv paramparepasun vegale houn, angkorwat heey vishnula samarpit hote. teey rajache rajya mandir aanee rajdhani shahar mhanoon bandhanyat aale hote. payabharani kinwa mandiracha sandarbh denare konatehi samkalin shilalekh naan midalyane, tyache mool naav adnyat aahe, parantu adhishthata devatevarun tyala 'vra vishnulok' mhanoon olakhale gele asave. rajachya mrutyunantar kahee kalatach kaam sampalyache disate, jyamule kahee tall-aaram sajavat apoorn rahili. vra vishnulok" kinwa "param vishnulok" yaa shabdacha shabdasha arth "vishnuchya sarvoch jagaat gelela raja" assa hoto, joou suryavarman dusra yacha maranottar sandarbh deto aanee tyachya vaibhavachi aanee smrutichi pooja karnyacha hetu thevato.
1177 madhye, suryavarman dusra yachya mrutyunantar andaje 27 varshanni, khamerche paramparik shatru asalelya chamanni angkorla padale. tyanantar, eka naveen raja, jayavarman sahava yane samrajya punarsanchayit kele, jyane kahee kilometer uttares, eka naveen rajdhani aanee rajya mandir (anukrame angkor thom aanee beyan) sthapan kele, jeey bauddha dharmala samarpit hote, kaaran rajacha assa vishvas hota qee hindu dev tyala ayashasvi kele hote. tyamule angkorvatche haloohaloo bauddha sthali rupantar karnyat aale aanee anek hindu shilpanchi jaaga bauddha kalene ghetali.
12vya shatkachya akheris, angkorwat haloohaloo hindu upasana kendratoon bauddha dharmat rupantarit jhaala, joou aajahi suru aahe. 16 vya shatkanantar jaree tyakade mothya pramanat durlaksh kele gele asale taree, tyaa kadhihi purnapane sodoon denyat aalya naslyabaddal angkor mandiranmadhye angkor vaat heey asamanya aahe. angkor bhagat sapadalele 17vya shatkatil chauda shilalekh, khamer sthanikanchya bajula chhotya vasahati sthapan karananya japani bauddha yatrekarumbaddal saksh detat. tyaveli, japani abhyagatanni heey mandir moolatah bharatatil magadh rajyat sthit asalele buddhanche prasiddha jetwan udyan manale hote. sarvat prasiddha shilalekh yukondayu kazufusabaddal sangato, jyane 1632 madhye angkor vaat yethe khamer navavarsh sajare kele.
1586 madhye bhet denara portugij dharmaguru antonio daa madalena haah yaa mandirala bhet denanya pashchimatya paryatakanpaiki pahila hota aanee mhanala qee, "heey itake vilakshan bandhkam aahe qee penane tyache varnan karane shakya nahee, visheshtah kaaran tee jagatil itar konatyahi imaratisarkhi nahee. tyat manore aanee sajavat aanee manvi pratibha kalpana karoo shakel asha serve sudharana aahet."
1622 madhye, khamer padyat lihilelya "angkor vatchi kavita" madhye angkor vatchya saundaryache varnan kele aahe aanee sankulachya bandhkamabaddal eka aakhyayika tayar kelee aahe, hindu dev prih pisnukar (kinwa brahm bishnukar, vishvakarma) yane suprasiddha khamer raja prih kett miliyasathi bandhalela eka daivi killa, kaaran suryavarman dusra aadhich lokanchya manatoon nahisa jhaala hota.
1860 madhye, french dharmpracharak pita charles-emil boulevox yanchya madatine, french nisargshastradnya aanee sanshodhak heinry mauhot yanni yaa mandiracha prabhavipane punha shodh lavala, jyanni pravasachya nondinchya prakashanadvare pashchimemadhye heey thikan lokpriy kele, jyat tyanni lihileh
1861 madhye german manavvanshashastradnya edolph bastianne aagney aashiyatil chaar varshancha daura keela. purv aashiyatil lock' yaa tyanchya yaa pravasacha tapasheel sahaa khandanmadhye aahe. 1868 madhye germanymadhye jevha bastianne tyachya "kambodiya teey kochinchinaparyantchya pravasadarmyan" abhyas aanee nirikshane prakashit kelee-jyaa tapshilvar parantu apreritpane sangitalya gelya, sarvat mahattvache mhanje tyachya angcorian sthalanchya rekhachitranpaiki ekahi rekhachitravina-pratyekjan heinry mauhotchya maranottar karyabaddal, "indo-chean, siyam, kambodiya aanee laoschya madhya bhagantil pravas", jyache spasht varnan karat hota, tyabaddal bolat asatana, yaa kamane kvachitach chhap padali.
svayampakasathichi bhandi, shastre kinwa kapadyanchya vastoonsah samanya ghare kinwa ghare kinwa vasahatichi itar chinhe navhati, jee sahasa pracheen thikani aadhalat asat.
angkor vaat aanee angkor pradeshatil itar khamer smarakancha kalatmak varsa yamule francene 11 august 1863 roji kambodiyacha snrakshak mhanoon thet sweekar keela aanee avasheshanvar niyantran thevanyasathi siyamvar aakraman kele. yamule kambodiyane deshachya vayavya kopyatil seam kapani, batambang aanee sisophone asha 1795 teey 1907 yaa kalat siyami rajvatikhalil bhaganvar punha taba midavala.
angcore watche saundaryashastra lui delaportchya plaster cast sangrahalayat pradarshit kele gele hote jyala 'musey indo-chinois' mhanatat, jeey parician trocadero palacemadhye c.1880 teey 1920 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant astitvat hote.
20 vya shatkat angkor watchi lakshaniy punarsthapana jhaali. haloohaloo majur aanee puratatvashastradnyanchya chamoone jungle mage dhakalale aanee dagadi vistar ughad keela, jyamule surya punha ekada mandirachya gadad kopyanna prakashit karoo shakala. angcore watney europemadhil vyapak prekshakanche laksh vedhoon ghetale aanee kalpanashakti aakarshit kelee jevha french indochinacha bhag mhanoon french sanrakshit kambodiyachya pavillionne 1931 madhye parris vasahati pradarshanadarmyan angcore watchi aakarman pratikruti punha tayar kelee.
9 november 1953 roji kambodiyala franskadoon swatantrya midale aanee tevhapasoon tyane angkor watwar niyantran thewale aahe. vasahatvadachya kalapasoon, 1992 madhye yaa sthalala unescocha jaagtik varsa mhanoon namankit kelya jaiparyant, angkor vatche mandir heey aadhunik aanee haloohaloo jagatikikrut sanskrutik varshachya sankalpanechya nirmitimadhye mahattvapoorn tharale.
1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakat kambodiyan yadavi yuddh aanee khamer ragchya niyantranamule jirnoddhar karyat vyatyay aala, parantu yaa kalat tulanene qamee nuksan jhaale. camping khmer rugg sainyane imaratitil sanrachananmadhye jeey kahee lakud urale hote teey jaalyasathi vaparale aanee khmer rugg aanee vhietnami sainyat jhalelya golibarane besarifmadhye kahee golyanche chhidra padale. yuddhanantar, thayalandmadhun kaam karananya qalaa choranni, 1980chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1990chya dashakachya suruvatila, punarrachanesah, jawaljawal pratyek dokyacha dawa karoon, bandhkamatun kapale jaau shakate, asey barech nuksan kele.
heey mandir kambodiyache prateek aahe aanee rashtriy abhimanacha srot aahe jyane kambodiyachya france, america aanee tyacha shejaril thayalandashi asalelya rajnaitik sambandhanna karanibhoot tharale aahe. sumare 1863 salchya pahilya aavruttichi suruvat jhalyapasun angkor watche chitran haah kambodiyan rashtriy dhvajacha eka bhag rahila aahe. tathapi, mothya aitihasik aanee aantarsanskrutik drushtikonatun, angkor watche mandir rashtriy abhimanache prateek "suee generis" banale nahee, tarr french-vasahatvadi varsa nirmitichya mothya rajkiy-sanskrutik prakriyet korale gele hote, jyamadhye mool mandir sthal 1889 teey 1937 darmyan parris aanee marcelmadhil french vasahatvadi aanee sarvatrik pradarshananmadhye sadar karnyat aale hote.
december 2015 madhye, ashee ghoshana karnyat aalee qee sidney vidyapithachya sanshodhan pathkala angkor watchya bandhkamadarmyan bandhalelya aanee padnyat aalelya daphan manonyancha purvi naan pahilela samooh, tasech tyachya dakshin bajula adnyat hetuchi eka prachand rachana aanee lakadi kille sapadale hote. yaa nishkarshanmadhye yaa pradeshatil qamee ghanatechya nivasi vyavasayache purave, rastyanche jaale, talav aanee dhigyancha samavesh aahe. heey soochit karatat qee khandak aanee bhintine vedhalele mandir parisar, purvi vichar kelyapramane, keval purohit abhijat vargadvare vaparale gele nastil. yaa chamoone angkor watcha nakasha tayar karnyasathi lidar, jaminimadhye ghusanare radar aanee lakshyit utkhananacha vapar keela.
eka dantakathenusar, angkor vatchya bandhkamala indrane tyacha mulga preecha kett meelia hyasathi rajwada mhanoon kaam karnyache aadesh dile hote. 13vya shatkatil chiinii pravasi zouu daguanchya matey, kahincha assa vishvas hota qee heey mandir eka daivi vastuvishardane ekach ratri bandhale hote.
vastukala.
sanketsthal aanee yojana.
angkor vaat heey mandir parvatache (samrajyachya rajya mandiransathi manak rachana) aanee nantarchya kendrikrut dalananchya yojaneche eka adviteey sanyojan aahe, jyapaiki bahutek moolatah hindu dharmachya dharmik shraddhanmadhun prapt jhaale hote. angkor vatchya bandhkamavarun asey soochit hote qee mandirachya kahee vaishishtyansah eka khagoliy mahatva hote. heey mandirachya purv-paschim dishene aanee mandirachya aatalya terresvaroon disana drushyanchya reshanmadhye disun yete jyat suryodayaveli sankrantichya achook sthanavar vishisht manore asalyache darshavile jaate. hindu pauranik kathannusar heey mandir meru parvatache pratinidhitva karate, jeey devanche ghar aaheh manonyanche madhyavarti zagamgat parvatachya paach shikharanche prateek aahe aanee bhinti aanee khandak aaspaschya parvataranganche aanee mahasagarache prateek aahe. mandirachya varchya bhaganmadhye pravesh haloohaloo adhik ananya hota, samanya lokanna keval khalchya staravar pravesh deela jaat hota.
angkor vaat mandiracha mukhya buruj vasant vishuvatil sakalchya suryashi sanrekhit hoto. bahutek khamer mandiranpramane, angkorwat purvela navhe tarr paschimela aahe. yamule anekanna (mauris glaze aanee george codes yanchyasah) assa nishkarsh kadhanyas pravrutt kele aahe qee suryavarmanacha tyacha antyeshti mandir mhanoon kaam karnyacha hetu hota. yaa drushtikonasathi aanakhi purave bases-rilifdware pradan kele jaatat, jeey ghadyalachya viruddha dishene pudhe jaatat-hindu paribhashet 'prasavya'-kaaran heey samanya kramachya ulat aahe. brahman antyavidhichya velee vidhee ulatya kramane hotat.
puratatvashastradnya charles higam yanni eka containerche varnan kele aahe, joou kadachit madhyavarti burujatoon sapadalela antyeshtikriyecha barani asava. mrutdehachya vilhewat lavnyavar honara sarvat motha urja kharch mhanoon kahinni yala namankit kele aahe. tathapi, freeman aanee jacks lakshat ghetat qee angkorchi itar anek mandire vishisht purvekadil dishela sodoon jaatat aanee asey suchavatat qee angkor watchi sanrekhan pashchimeshi sambandhit asalelya vishnula samarpit kelyamule hote.
mandirachi sanrekhan aanee parimane aanee bases-releafschee samagri aanee vyavasthevar aadharit, sanshodhak eleanor mannika assa yuktivad karatat qee hii rachana raja suryavarman dusra yachya netrutvakhalil shantatechya dawa kelelya naveen yugache pratinidhitva karateh "surya aanee chandra vel chakranche mojmap angkor vatchya pavitra jaaget bandhale gele hote, rajyachi shakti kayam thevanyasathi aanee vareel swargat prakat jhalelya devatancha sanman aanee shant karnyasathi rajya karnyacha haah daivi aadesh pavitra kaksh aanee margikanvar lunger taknyat aala hota."mannika yanchya soochana shaikshanik vartulat swarasya aanee sanshayachya mishranane prapt jhalya aahet. grahm hancoxarkhya itaranchya anumananpasun tee swatahla door thevate, qee angkor waut haah nakshatr dracochya pratinidhitvacha bhag aahe.
angkor vatchi sarvat junie astitvat asaleli yojana 1715 salchi aahe aanee tiche shrey fujiwara tadayoshila dile jaate. hii yojana japanmadhil mito yetheel suifu meitoku-kaee shokokan sangrahalayat sangrahit aahe.
shaili.
angkor vaat heey khmer vastukalechya shastriy shailiche pramukh udaharan aahe-angkor vaat shaili-jyala tyane tyache naav dile aahe. 12vya shatkaparyant, khmer vastuvisharad mukhya bandhkam sahitya mhanoon valukashma (viit kinwa lateritiveji) vaparnyat kushal aanee aatmavishvasane bharalele hote. bahutek drishyaman kshetre valukashma khand aahet, tarr bahya bhint aanee lapalelya sanrachanatmak bhagansathi lateritecha vapar keela jaat asey. jaree naisargik raal kinwa slack kelele chunoo suchavale gele asale taree, blockna jodanyasathi vaparla jaanara bandhankarta adyap olakhala gelela nahee.
yaa mandirachya rachneteel susanvadabaddal sarvat jaast prashansa jhaali aahe. 20vya shatkachya madhyat angkorche snrakshak asalelya mauris glaze yanchya matey, mandir tyachya sookshm santulit ghatakanchya sanyamit smarakatvamule aanee tyachya pramananchya achook vyavasthedvare eka utkrusht paripoornata prapt karate. heey satta, ekata aanee shailiche kaam aahe."
sthapatyashastriyadrushtya, shailichya vaishishtyanmadhye ogival, kamalachya kalyansarkhe aakar dilele redented manore; marg rund karnyasathi ardhe gallery; gheryanna jodanare aksheey gallery; aanee mandirachya mukhya akshavar disana vadhastambhanchya terres yancha samavesh hoto. devata (kinwa apsara), bases-releaf, pediments, vistrut haar aanee varnanatmak drushye heey vaishishtyapurn sajavatiche ghatak aahet. purvichya kamapeksha adhik sthir aanee qamee aakarshak asaleli angkor watchi moorti puranmatvadi manali jaate. burujanvar sonyacha rung lavalela gaar, tall-aaramavaril kahee aakrutyanvar sonyacha rung, aanee lakadi chhat puttle aanee darvaje yasah, rachaneche itar ghatak lutoon aanee kalantarane nasht jhaale aahet.
vastuvisharad jacks dumarse yancha assa vishvas aahe qee angkor watchi mandani tyachya dalananchya pranalimadhye chiinii prabhav dharan karate jee aavar tayar karnyasathi samkonavar jodali jaatat. tathapi, angkor vatchya yojnet antarbhut aksheey namuna haah mukhya mandiradware darshavilelya mandalachya sanyogane aagney ashiyai vishvashastratun ghetala jaau shakato.
vaishishtye.
bahya aavaran.
bahereel bhint, unch aanee khol jaminichya aavaranane aanee rund aanee 5 kilometer (3 mail) peksha jaast parighane vedhaleli aahe. hii khandak purvepasoon pashchimeparyant deed kilometer aanee uttarekadun dakshineparyant eka kilometerparyant pasarleli aahe. mandirala purvela pruthvichya kathavarun aanee paschimela valukashma margane pravesh aahe; nantarche, mukhya praveshdwar, bahudha lakadi pulachi jaaga ghenare nantarche eka atirikt praveshdwar aahe. pratyek mukhya binduvar gopur aahet; pashchimekadil sarvat motha aahe aanee teen uddhvast manore aahet. glaze nondavato qee haah gopura mandirachya yogya swarupala lapavato aanee pratidhvanit karato.
dakshinekadil manonyakhali 'taa reach' mhanoon olakhali jaanari moorti aahe, jee moolatah vishnuchi aath sashastr moorti aahe, jee mandirachya madhyavarti mandiravar vyapaleli asavi. gopuranchya donhi bajunna aanakhi done praveshdvaranparyant aanee manonyanmadhye dalane chalatat, jyanna anekada 'hattiche darvaje' asey sambodhale jaate, kaaran tyaa pranyanna pravesh denyasathi tyaa mothya asatat. yaa dalananchya bahya (paschim) bajula chauras khamb aahet aanee aateel (purv) bajula bund bhint aahe. khambanmadhil chhat kamal gulabachya gulabachya fulanni sajavalele aahe; bhinticha paschim bhag nrutya karananya aakrutyanni sajavalela aahe; aanee bhinticha purv bhag khidkyansah, nachana pranyanvar purush aakrutyansah, aanee devatansah (praveshdvarachya dakshines), mandiratil ekmev daat darshavinare.
bahya bhintivar 820,000 chauras meater (203 ekar) jaaga aahe, jee mandirachya yogya jagevyatirikt moolatah shaharane vyapali hotee aanee mandirachya uttarela shahee rajwada hota. angkorchya serve dharmnirpeksh imaratinpramanech, yaa dagadapeksha nashwant samagreene bandhalya gelya hotya, tyamule kahee rastyanchya ruparesheshivay tyapaiki kahihi shillak rahile nahee. aata bahutansh bhag jangalanni vyapalela aahe. eka pulacha marg paschim gopurala mandirachya yogya bajus jodato, jyachya donhi bajunna naga tatbandi aanee shaharakade jaananya payyanchey sahaa sanch aahet. pratyek bajula praveshdvarapasun payyanchya tisya sanchasamor pratyek mukhya binduvar praveshdvare asalele granthalay aanee granthalay aanee mandiradarmyan eka talav dekhil aahe. talav heey nantarchya rachnet bharr ghalanyat aale aahet, tasech sinhanni sanrakshit kelelya cruciform gachchivar madhya sanrachaneshi jodale gele aahe.
madhyavarti rachana.
heey mandir shaharapeksha unch asalelya gachchivar aahe. heey teen aayatakruti dalananpasun tayar kele gele aahe, jeey madhyavarti manonyaparyant chadhatat, pratyek patali mageel patalipeksha jaast asate. done aateel dalnanmadhye pratyeki tyanchya kramik kopyanvar (mhanje, aine. doubleu., neey, seey aanee ess. doubleu.) chaar mothe manore aahet jeey eka unch pachvya manonyabhovati aahet. yaa namunyala kadhikadhi quinconks mhanatat aanee too meruchya parvatanche pratinidhitva karato. mandir paschimekade tond asalyamule, vaishishtye purvela mage thewali jaatat, jyamule paschim bajus pratyek gherav aanee dalanat adhik jaaga bharavi lagate; tyach karanastav, paschimmukhi payya itar bajunchya payyanpeksha uthal aahet.
yaa dalanancha arth raja, brahm, chandra aanee vishnula samarpit asalyache mananikane spasht kele aahe. pratyek dalanat pratyek binduvar gopura aahe. bahereel dalanache mojmap, kopyanmadhye manonyanaivaji mandapansah kele jaate. mandirachya bahereel bajus dalan khule aahe, jyat stambhayukt ardh-dalananni sanrachanecha vistar keela aahe aanee tyala balkati dilee aahe. bahya dalnala paschim bajus dusya aavarala jodanara 'preh pone' (mhanje 'hazar buddh' dalan) navacha eka vadhastambh aahe. shatkanushatke yatrekarunni bauddha moorti mathat thevalya hotya, jaree bahutek aata kadhoon taknyat aalya aahet. yaa bhagat yatrekarunchya changlya krutyanshi sambandhit anek shilalekh aahet, jeey bahutek khamer bhashet lihile aahet parantu itar bermi aanee japani bhashet lihile aahet. kapatane chinhankit keleli chaar lahan angane moolatah panyane bharaleli asoo shakatat. dalanachya uttar aanee dakshinela granthalaye aahet.
tyapalikade, dusari aanee aateel dalane done bajuchya granthalayanshi aanakhi eka vadhastambhavarchya gachchine jodaleli aahet, jee nantar punha jodali gelee. dusya starapasoon varchya staraparyant, devatanchi bhakkam bharr bhintinvar asate, ektyane kinwa charchya gatanmadhye. dusya staravaril gherav meru parvatachya sabhovatalachya samudrache pratinidhitva karnyasathi aahe aanee kadachit moolatah puur aala asava. pratyek bajula payyanchey teen sanch aateel dalanachya kopyatil manore aanee gopuranparyant jaatat. ubhya payya devanchya rajyat chadhanyachya adchaniche pratinidhitva karoo shakatat. bakan" mhanoon olakhali jaanari hii aateel dalan, aksheey dalane asaleli eka chaukoni dalan aahe jee pratyek gopurala kopyachya manonyankhali asalelya madhyavarti mandir aanee sahayyak mandiranshi jodate.
dalananche chhappar sinh kinwa garudanchya dokyavar sampananya sapachya sharirachya rachanene sajavale aahet. koreev lintel aanee padatrane dalane aanee mandiranchya praveshdvaranna sajavatat. madhyavarti mandirachya varchya manonyachi unchi jaminipasoon eka inch aahe; aadhichya mandiranchya parvatanchya ulat, madhyavarti manonyachi unchi aajubajuchya charchya varr aahe. moolatah vishnuchya putalyane vyapalele aanee donhi bajunni ughade asalele mandir, jevha mandirache thervad bauddha dharmat rupantar karnyat aale tevha bhinti bandhalya gelya hotya, naveen bhinti jyat ubhe asalele buddh hote. 1934 madhye, snrakshak george trouve yanni madhyavarti mandirakhalil khadda khodoon kadhalah valoo aanee panyane bharalela khajina aadhich lutala gela hota, parantu tyanna jaminipasoon done meater unchivar sonyachya panancha eka pavitra paya sapadala.
sajavat.
imaratichya vastukaleshi ekatmik, tyachya prasiddhiche eka kaaran mhanje angkor watchi vistrut sajavat, jee pramukhyane bases-releaf fraseche roop ghete. bahya dalanachya aateel bhintinvar mothya pramanat drushyanchi malika aahe jyat pramukhyane hindu mahakavyanmadhil ramayan aanee mahabharatatil prasang darshavile aahet. higamane hyanna "dagadi koreev kamachi sarvat mothee dnyat resheey vyavastha" mhatale aahe. vayavya kopyatoon ghadyalachya viruddha dishene, pashchimekadil chitrafitmadhye lankachi ladhai (ramayanatoon, jyamadhye raam ravanala parabhoot karato) aanee kurukshetrachi ladhai (mahabharatatun, kaurav aanee pandav kulancha paraspar naash darshavate) darshavili aahe. dakshinekadil dalanat suryavarman dusra yachee miravanuk, tyanantar hindu dharmache 32 narak aanee 37 swarg asey ekmev aitihasik drushya aahe.
purvekadil dalanat sarvat prasiddha drushyanpaiki eka mhanje dudhacha samudra manthan, jyamadhye 92 asur aanee 88 dev vishnuchya dishene samudra manthan karnyasathi sarp vasukicha vapar kartana disatat (mannikamadhye keval 91 asur mojale jaatat aanee vishamatapoorn sankhya hiwali sankrantipasun vasant vishuvaparyant aanee vishuvapasun unhali sankrantiparyantchya divasanchi sankhya darshavitat). tyanantar vishnune asuranna (16vya shatkatil eka jode) parabhoot kele. uttarekadil chitrafit krishnane banavar midavalela vijay darshavate (jethe glazenusar, "karigari sarvat white sthiteet aahe").
angkorwat heey apsara aanee devatanchya chitrananni sushobhit aahe; sadhyachya sanshodhan soochimadhye devatanchi 1,796 hoon adhik chitre aahet. angkorwat vastuvishardanni khamb aanee bhintinvar sajavatichya rachana mhanoon lahan apsara pratima () vaparlya. tyanni pravesh mandapapasoon teey unch manonyanchya shikharanparyant mandirachya pratyek staravar mothya devata pratima (serve purn sharirachi andaje mojmap karnari chitre) adhik thalakpane samavisht kelya. 1927 madhye, sapho marchalne tyanche cases, shirastran, kapade, mudra, dagine aanee sajavatichya fulanchi ullekhaneey vividhata soochibaddha karnara eka abhyas prakashit keela, joou marchalne nishkarsh kadhala qee teey angkor kalatil vastavik paddhatinvar aadharit hote.
bandhkam tantra.
heey smarak paach teey eka kotee valukashma khandanni tayar karnyat aale hote, jyanche pratyeki kamal vajan deed tunn hote. sampoorn angkor shaharane serve egyptian pyramid ektrit karnyapeksha khoop jaast pramanat dagad vaparla aanee aadhunik parispeksha lakshaniyaritya jaast kshetra vyapale. shivay, khankam kelelya chunkhadicha vapar karananya egyptian pyramidchya ulat, sampoorn angkor shahar heey valucha dagad (kinwa tyahoon adhik) khodoon bandhale gele hote. heey valukashma mount kulen yaa andaje ishanyekadil khanitoon vahoon nele gele.
haah marg kalvyachya bajoone tonle sapp talavachya dishene, dusra talav olandun aanee shevati seam kapanichya nadichya pravahaviruddha pasaroon, ekoon eka kilometres pravas karanyachi soochana karnyat aalee aahe. tathapi, japanmadhil tokio yetheel waseda vidyapithachya etsuo uchida aanee ichita shimoda yanni 2011 madhye upgrah pratimancha vapar karoon mount kulen aanee angkor waut yanna jodanara eka lahan kalwa shodhala aahe. tyaeivaji khmer lokanni haah marg vaparla asey doghanche mutt aahe.
tyache jawaljawal serve prushthbhag, stambh, lintel aanee agadi chhappardekhil koralele aahet. unicorn, griffin, ruth odhanare pankhanche dragon, tasech hattivar basalelya netyache anusaran karnare yoddhe aanee vistrut kesharachana asalelya aakashiy nrutya karananya mullins bharatiy sahityatil drushye darshavinare kilometres koreev kaam aahe. keval dalanachi bhint jawaljawal talavaril koreev kamanni sushobhit keleli aahe. angkorchya kahee bhintinvaril chhidre heey kansyapatrakanni sushobhit kelele asavet asey soochit karatat. pracheen kalat heey atyant maulyavan hote aanee darodekhoranche pramukh lakshya hote.
khajurahoche utkhanan kartana, elex evance, eka dagadi karagir aanee shilpkar yanni khalee eka dagadi shilp punha tayar kele, heey koreev kaam karnyasathi sumare 60 divas lagale. rogger hopkins aanee marqa lehner yannihi chunkhadiche utkhanan karnyasathi prayog kele, jyasathi sumare 400 tunn dagad utkhanan karnyasathi 12 khaan kamgaranna 22 divas lagale. itake valukashma khodoon, vahtook karoon, ubharun aanee ubharanyasathi anek uchch kushal karagiransah hajaro kamgaranchi sankhya kadachit vadhali. hii shilpe koreev karnyasathi aavashyak kaushalye shekado varshanpurvi vikasit kelee gelee hotee, jeey khamer sattevar yenyapurvi satvya shatkatil kahee kalakrutinmadhun disun aale aahe.
sadhyache angkor.
punarsanchayit karane aanee sanwardhan karane.
kambodiyatil itar bahutek pracheen mandiranpramanech, angkor vatala vanaspatinchi vaadh, burshi, jaminivaril halchali, yuddhamule nuksan aanee choree yaa sanyoganmule vyapak nuksan aanee hasala samore jaave lagale aahe. kambodiyachya urvarit mandiranchya avasheshanchya tulanet, angkorvatchya mandiranche yuddhatil nuksan matra khoop maryadit aahe aanee tyachi sarvat lakshpurvak durusti dekhil jhaali aahe.
aadhunik yugat angkor watchi punarsthapana 1908 madhye ecole frankes dii 'extream-oriented (epho) dware sanwardhan dii' angkor (angkor sanrakshn) chya sthapanesah suru jhaali; tyaa tarkhepurvi, tyaa thikanavaril kriyakalap pramukhyane sanshodhanashi sambandhit hote. 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant angkor yethe karnyat aalelya sanshodhan, sanwardhan aanee jirnoddhar upkramansathi sanwardhan dii 'angkor jababdar hote aanee 1960 chya dashakat angkorche mothe punarsanchayit karnyat aale.
khamer rugg yugat angkorvaril kaam sodoon denyat aale aanee 1975 madhye sanwardhan dii 'angkor visarjit karnyat aale. 1986 teey 1992 darmyan, bharatiy puratatva sarvekshanane mandiravaril jirnoddhar karya kele, kaaran francene tyaveli cambodian sarkarla manyata dilee navhati. rasayne aanee cementchya vaparamule dagadachya prushthbhagala jhalelya hanibaddal chinta vyakt karat, suruvatichya french jirnoddhar prayatnambaddal aanee visheshtah nantarchya bharatiy karyabaddal teeka karnyat aalee aahe.
1992 madhye, norodome sihanukne madatisathi kelelya aavahananantar, angkor watla unescochya dhokyat asalelya jaagtik varshamadhye (nantar 2004 madhye kadhoon taknyat aale) aanee unescochya aantarrashtriy samudayala aavahan karoon jaagtik varsa sthal mhanoon soochibaddha karnyat aale. 1994 madhye angkor sthalachya sanrakshanasathi yaa kshetrache kshetra nishchit karnyat aale, 1995 madhye yaa kshetrache sanrakshn aanee vyavasthapan karnyasathi apsarachi sthapana karnyat aalee aanee 1996 madhye kambodiyan varshache sanrakshn karnyasathi kayada manjur karnyat aala.
france, japan aanee chinsarkhe anek desh aata angkor waut sanwardhan prakalpanmadhye sahbhagi jhaale aahet. german apsara sanwardhan prakalp (jee. aii. see. pii.) heey devata aanee mandir sajavana itar bases-releafche nuksan honyapasoon sanrakshn karnyasathi kaam karat aahe. sansthechya sarvekshanat asey aadhalun aale qee sumare 20 takke devatanchi sthitee atishay kharab hotee, pramukhyane naisargik dhoop aanee dagadachi hasson yamule, parantu kahee pramanat purvichya jirnoddhar prayatnanmulehi. itar kamanmadhye sanrachanechya kosalalelya bhaganchi durusti aanee pudhil kosalane rokhane samavisht aaheh udaharanarth, varchya staracha paschim bhag, 2002 pasoon farshidware majboot keela gela aahe, tarr japani sanghane 2005 madhye bahya aavaratil uttar granthalayachi punarsthapana purn kelee.
angkor vaat, preh khaan aanee angkormadhil beyan aanee west prasad yethe sukshmajivayukt jaivachitrapat qamee karnare valukashma aadhalale aahet. nirjalikaran aanee kiranotsarg-pratirodhak philaments cyanobacteria sendriya aaml tayar karatat jeey dagadala kharab karatat. antargat aanee bahya preh khaan namunyanmadhye eka gadad philaments burshi aadhalali, tarr prih khaan yethe bahya, gulabi rangachya dagadatun ghetalelya namunyanmadhyech alga "trentpohlia" aadhalala. haravalelya kinwa kharab jhalelya kahee shilpanchya jaagi pratikruti tayar karnyat aalya aahet.
paryatan.
1990chya dashakapasun ungcorewat heey eka pramukh paryatan sthal banale aahe. 1993 madhye yaa sthalala keval 7,650 paryatak aale hote; 2004 paryant sarkari aakadevarivarun asey disun yete qee tyaa varshi seam kapani prantat 561,000 paradeshi paryatak aale hote, jeey kambodiyatil serve paradeshi paryatakanpaiki andaje 50 takke hote. 2007 madhye hii sankhya daha lakhanhun adhik jhaali aanee 2012 paryant 20 lakhanhun adhik. sarvadhik bhet dilelya angkor watla 2013 madhye 20 lakhanhun adhik paradeshi paryatak aanee 2018 paryant 26 lakhanhun adhik paryatak aale.
1990 teey 2016 darmyan yaa jaageche vyavasthapan khajgi sokimex samoohane kele hote, jyane tee cambodian sarkarkadoon bhadyane ghetali hotee. paryatakanchya yenyane kahee bhittichitranvyatirikt aataparyant tulanene qamee nuksan jhaale aahe. bases-releaf aanee majale yanche sanrakshn karnyasathi anukrame dorkhand aanee lakadi payya suru karnyat aalya aahet. paryatanane dekhbhalisathi kahee atirikt nidhi dekhil pradan keela aahe-2000 paryant sampoorn angkor sitevaryl tikit mahasulachya andaje 28 takke mandiranvar kharch karnyat aale hote-jaree bahutek kaame cambodian adhikadhyanaivaji paradeshi sarkaranni prayojit kelelya sanghandware kelee jaatat.
angkor watney gelya kahee varshant paryatanat lakshaniy vaadh pahili asalyane, unesco aanee tyachya aitihasik angkor (aay. see. see.) sthalachya sanrakshn aanee vikasasathichya aantarrashtriy samanvay samiteene, shahee sarkar aanee apsarachya pratinidhinchya sahkaryane, "sanskrutik paryatan" yaa sankalpanevar charcha karnyasathi charchasatre aayojit kelee. vyavsayik aanee samoohik paryatan talhanyachya ichchhene, parisanvadanmadhye cambodian sanskratichya samruddhicha samavesh karat, aarthikdrushtya laabh midvinyasathi cambodian sarkarla uchch darjachi nivas aanee seva pradan karnyachya mahattvavar bharr denyat aala. 2001 madhye, yaa protsahanamule 'angkor paryatan shahar' hii sankalpana vikasit jhaali, jee paramparik khamer vastukalebaddal vikasit kelee jaeel, jyat vishranti aanee paryatak suvidha asateel aanee mothya sankhyene paryatakanna samavoon ghenyas saksham asaleli alishan hotels upalabdh karoon dilee jaatil.
itakya mothya paryatan nivassthanachya vikasachya sambhavyatevar apsara aanee aay. see. see. yaa donhi sansthankadun chinta vyakt kelee gelee aahe, assa dawa karat qee yaa bhagatil mageel paryatan ghadamodinni bandhkam niyamankade durlaksh kele aahe aanee yapaiki adhik prakalpanmadhye bhupradeshachya vaishishtyanche nuksan karanyachi kshamata aahe. tasech, yaa prakalpanchya mothya pramanamule jawalchya shaharatil paanee, sandapani aanee veej vyavasthechya gunavattes dhoka nirman houu lagla aahe. paryatanachi itaki uchch varanvarta aanee yaa bhagatil darjedar nivasachi vadhati magani, jase qee mothya mahamargacha vikas, yacha thet parinam bhoomigat panyachya talashi jhaala aahe, tyanantar angkor vaat yetheel mandiranchya sanrachanatmak sthiratevar taana aala aahe, heey lakshat aale aahe.
paryatanache manoranjan karnyasathi tyanchya shaharache aakarshan aanee vatavaran dhokyat aale aahe ashee chinta seam kapanichya sthanikannihi vyakt kelee aahe. heey sthanik vatavaran haah angkor paryatan shaharasarkhya prakalpancha pramukh ghatak asalyane, sthanik moolye aanee sanskraticha tyag naan karata bhavishyatil paryatanacha yashasvipane samavesh kassa karava yavar sthanik adhikari charcha karat rahatat.
2012 chya ashiyai paryatan manchavar, borobudur aanee angkor waut hii bhagini sthale aanee prant bhagini prant banatil yavar sahmati jhaali.
2020 madhye, covid-19 mahamarimule jagbharat pravas nirbandh lagoo karnyat aale, jyacha kambodiyachya paryatan kshetravar gambhir parinam jhaala. parinami, angkor watla bhet denanyanchi sankhya ghasarali, jyamule sahasa gardi asalele sankul jawaljawal nirjan jhaale. angkor wats kambodiya 2021 chya uttaradhat aantarrashtriy abhyagatansathi punha ughadale gele, parantu 2022 chya akheris tyachya purv-mahamari rahdaricha keval eka ansh midala hotah 2022 madhye ekoon 280,000 paryatakanni yaa sankulala bhet dilee, tarr 2018 madhye 26 laakh paryatakanni bhet dilee.