vyavasthapan pranalinchi utkranti

yaa lekhat vyavasthapan pranalinchya utkrantichi ruparesha dilee aahe. vyavasthapan pranali hii prakriya aanee karyapaddhatinchi chaukat aahe jee sanstha aapali uddishte sadhya karnyasathi aavashyak asaleli serve kaame purn karoo shakate yachee khatri karnyasathi vaparali jaate.
jaate mahayuddhanantar, utpadan-kendrit mothya pramanat utpadanache varchasva asalele pratiman tyachya shikharavar pohochale hote. tyaa kalatil vyavasthapan pranalinchi udaharane mhanje resheey assembly lines, aadeshache sanghatanatmak padanukram, utpadanachi gunavatta niyantran aanee vastuman vapar.
tyanantar lagechach, dimming-kuran prakriya-gunvattechya shikavanukinni eka naveen gunavatta abhimukhata (nantar sampoorn gunavatta vyavasthapan mhanoon sandarbhit) pudhe nellie aanee japanla thet yuddhanantarchya prakriyevar laksh kendrit karnyasathi (prakriya gunavatta niyantran, velevar, satat sudharana) prerit kele. americene vednadayak aanee pradirgh utpadan-teey-prakriya parivartanadvare pratisad deela, akheris 1980 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant khelache maidan punha samatulya kele.
1980 chya dashakachya shevati, vyavasay prakriyechya punarbandhanimadhye karya, shram aanee dnyanachya punarsanyojanadvare utpadan prakriyechya aamulagra punarvinyasavar laksh kendrit kele gele. parinami, durbal, lavchik aanee suvyavasthit utpadan prakriya tayar jhalya, jyaa puravatha sakhalyanchya aagami tappyasathi-vyavasay-teey-vyavasay tappyasathi-vyavasay-teey-vyavasay magani sakhali-vyavasay-teey-grahak sakhali-vyavasay-teey-grahak sathee aavashyak vegwan pratisad aanee internet-aadharit ektrikaran karnyas saksham hotya. 
vyavasthapan pranalinchya utkrantichya vareel teen tappyanmadhye, spardhatmak fayda jawaljawal keval companychya antargat sansadhananmadhun prapt jhaala hota. 1980 chya dashakachya akheris, eka aamulagra chautha badal jhaala aaheh puravathadar aanee grahakanchya vistarit jaalyandvare-companychya bahya sansadhananmadhun spardhatmak fayda adhikadhik prapt jhaala.
aakruti 1 hii utpadan aanee seva vitaran prakriyechya moolbhut yojanecha sandarbh dete. tee paramparik resheey input-prakriya-output vyavasthapan pranaliche pratinidhitva karate. hii vyavastha shatkanushatke sthir aanee aparivartaniy aahe. yaa moolbhut yojanechya vividh bhaganvar bharr dett, pranalichya vaiyaktik ghatkanvar laksh kendrit karnyachya drushtine haah ekmev badal aahe.
jaree hii yojana (inputs → processes → outputs) bahutek vela aavhanatmak nasali taree, bhavishyat (vyavasthapan pranalinchya utkrantichya udayonmukh tappyanmadhye) yaa vyavasay modelchi mothee punarrachana hoil asey kahee sanket aahet. teey vighatit aanee vitarit hoil, naun-linier modularitychya adheen asel aanee vastoo tayar karnyache aanee seva pradan karnyache naveen marg pudhe aanel. tyanantar teey punha ektrit kele jaeel, jaagtik staravar vitarit ghatakanna ektrit punarvapar sampurnamadhye ekatra kele jaeel.
suruvatiche tappe.
serve suruvatichya tappyanche vaishishtya mhanje aakruti 1 chya aparivartaniy, aparivartaniy yojnet laksh kendrit karane. vyavasthapan pranaline samanyatah yavar laksh kendrit kele aaheh
antim utpadan.
antim utpadan heey prathamik kendrabindu aahe, utpadan prakriya duyyam manali jaate. tyachi karye aanee tyanche kram tantrikdrushtya nishchit kinwa 'dilele' aahet. utpadanachya gunavattechi tapasani kelee jaate, mukhytah prakriyechya shevati. sankhyikeey gunavatta niyantran, yadee niyantran, kharch qamee karane, vastuman utpadan, assembly line, karya visheshikaran, aadeshachi shreni, vastuman vapar, sankhyikeey vastuman bajarpeth aanee andaj hii yaa tappyachi paribhashit vaishishtye aahet.
vibhajit prakriya.
hii uchch darjachi prakriya aahe jee uchch darjachya utpadanachi hummy dete. prakriya karye sudharnyavar mukhya laksh kendrit karnyat aale. prakriyechi gunavatta hii tyachya kamkajachi gunavatta mhanoon samajali gelee. ekoon gunavatta vyavasthapan (tii. kyu. emm.), satat sudharana prakriya (kyzon) aanee just-inn-time (jee. aay. tii.) pranalinchya shaktishali naveen sankalpananni yaa tappyache vaishishtya darshavile aahe. jaree karye sudharali jaat asali taree prakriya rachana aanee sanrachanatmak kramvari abadhit thevanyat aalee aanee tantrikdrushtya 'dilee' gelee.
ekatmik prakriya.
laksh kendrit karane heey karya (vartule) pasoon jodanyakade (baana) halavale gele-asha prakare prakriyechi rachana swatach badalate. prakriyechya punarnirmitine, vaiyaktik ghatakanche prabhavi, adhik swayatt aanee agadi swayam-vyavasthapit sampoorn swarupat punarsanyojan karoon, yaa tappyache vaishishtya darshavile aahe. utpadan prakriya hii eka vyavsayik prakriya bunley aanee tyamule tee gunatmak punarrachana aanee punarprakriya (bii. pii. aar.) chya adheen hotee. satatchya sudharana aanee prakriya navkalpananne, satatchya sudharananchi jaaga ghetali. aadeshachya paramparik ubhya shrenikramane adhik aadvya, prakriya-kendrit jaalyanmadhye sapat kele aahet. maas customization, disintermediation, dnyan vyavasthapan aanee swayatt sangh udayas yeu lagale aahet.
vistarit prakriya.
aakruti 2 mhanje, spardhatmak fayadhyache adhikadhik bahya srot mhanoon, puravathadar jaale aanee yutee tasech grahak swayam-seva, samoohik sanukoolan aanee madhyasthisah, vistarit prakriyet vistarit jhalelya antargat prakriyanmadhun pratimanatmak badal.
nuktyach shikharavar asalelya yaa tappyat, puravathadaranchya jaalyanni aanee grahakanchya samudayanni antargat prakriyecha vistar karyatmak aanee spardhatmak sampoorn prakriyet keela aahe. dnyanachya antargat aanee bahya strotanni aanee spardhatmakatene naveen moolbhut kshamata nirman kelya aahet. shifting see. aay. pii. (grahak hastakshep bindu) varr avalambun rahoon puravatha aanee magani sakhali vyavasthapan udayas aale aahe. intranet aanee extranet yanni yanni aanee aanee vinimayasathi sanvadache madhyam pradan kele aahe. kimmat, veg aanee vishvasarhata hyasah gunavatta ektrit jhaali aahe..
aaj, jaagtik strotachya shaktishali prakriya grahak aanee puravathadaransobat sambandhancha eka naveen sanch pudhe aanatat aanee tyala chalana detat. company aaplya utpadan prakriyanche vibhajan karnyas, nivadalelya vastoo uchch-vardhit moolya prachalak kinwa samanvayakala hastantarit karnyas, bhadepattivar denyas kinwa vikanyas suruvat karate. konatihi company, tee jyaa jaalyacha bhag aahe, titakich changli asoo shakate. parinami, hii company vibhakt jhaali aahe aanee eka jaale bunley aahe.
vitaran prakriya.
haah udayonmukh tappa aataparyantchya sarvat aamulagra vyavasay punarrachaneche pratinidhitva karato. jaagtik strotachya madhyamatoon, antargat prakriyeche vibhag aanee ghatak sarvadhik vadhiv moolya yogdanachya shodhat bahya puravathadar aanee kantratdaranna outsource kele jaat aahet. dirghakalin yutee tayar hotat aanee kampanya swatache jaalyat rupantar karat aahet. jaal sahkarya heey corporate spardhechi jaaga ghet aaheh "sahkarya" udayas yete. bahutansh kampanya (shaikshanik aanee prashikshan sanstha dekhil) yaa avirat aanee vegwan pratiman badalamadhye ajunahi aaghadichya jaagtik kheladu asoo shakatat. jaagtik staravar vitarit prakriya sanstha, samanvay aanee modular ekatmatechya naveen prakaranchi suruvat karate.
vistarit prakriyeche vividh bhag bhaugolikdrushtya vitarit kele jaatat aanee anekada sthanikdrushtya durastha asatat. aakruti 3 madhye, heey vitaran prakriyechya oo. ess. vibhagandvare darshavile jaate, jeey uchch atirikt-moolya pradatyanna outsource kele gele aahet.
jaree tappa 5 (aakruti 3) haah aataparyant udayala aalelya sarvat aamulagra vyavasayache pratinidhitva karato, tarihi pudhchya tappyatil (aakruti 4) vegane udayas yet asalelya curnell aakar ghet aahet. jastit jaast vadhiv mulyachya avirat jaagtik shodhamule chalanari utkranti prakriya spashtapane vegwan hott aahe. vyavasthapan pranalicha aadarsh kinwa vyavasay model, sapeksh aparivartanachya eka shatkanantar, spardhatmak fayadhyacha eka naveen gatishil srot banat aahe. pachvya tappyatil moolbhootpane vitarit puravatha aanee magani sakhalicha samanvay aanee jaagtik staravar punarsanyojan karane heey spashtapane aavashyak aahe. vadhatya paryavaraniy dabavakhali punarbandhani prakriya suru aahet. paramparik jaagtik sansadhanancha shodh ghetalyanantar, atirikt mulyacha shodh, aata atirikt moolya vadhavanyasathi naveen srot mhanoon punarvapar, punarvapar, punarprapti aanee punarnirmitikade valat aahe. vyavasay modelmadhil navkalpana hii eka sarvasamanya baab tharel.
punarvapar prakriya.
atirikt mulyacha vapar karnyachya prakriyedarmyan, malmatta-punarprapti paddhati bahutansh utpadane aanee sevanmadhye (dell, aay. bii. emm., zerox) vegane vistartat. naveen utpadane vistarit ayushya aanee anek napha chakransathi tayar kelee jaat aahet. reverse logistics aanee reverse logistics management (aar. ell. emm.) heey puravatha sakhalyanchya paramparik ektarfi prakriyanmadhye naveen loop jodat aahet. junya puravatha sakhalya magani sakhali banalya aahet aanee aata ulat moolya sakhali banalya aahet, jeey darshavtat qee donhi dishene moolya jodale jaau shakateh utpadanachya pudhe pudhe margadvare tasech punarprapti aanee punarnirmitichya mage asalelya margadvare. sope vegale karane, tikaupana, punarvapar aanee punarvapar yaa sankalpana upkarananchya rachnet antarbhut kelya jaatat.
aakruti 4 hii bund-loop vyavasthapan pranalicha sandarbh dete aanee tee vyavasthapan pranalinchya utkrantichya 6 vya tappyache pratinidhitva karate. aakrutitil naveen loop heey keval paramparik mahitee abhipray loop naheet, tarr sankalan, pruthakkaran, punarprakriya aanee punarsanyojan kriyakalapanchya (operations) vastavik vyavsayik prakriya aahet. bund karnyachya dishene paramparik mukt-samapt resheey prakriyanchi punarrachana kelee jaat aahe.
jaagtik-srot (jee. ess.) jaalyanmadhye punarnavinikaran utpadane aanee samagri, urja punarprapti aanee dnyanache nutanikaran yanche naveen loop tayar kele jaat aahet. utpadanacha punarvapar/punarnirmiti uchch avashisht mulyavar avalambun asate, jyamule atirikt moolya vadhavanyasathi changli suruvat hote. hii pranali sanghatanatmakdrushtya bund hote aanee sambhavya dirghakalin shashvat kinwa agadi pidhyanpalikadehi swayampurn hote. utpadanachi rachana, adyayavatikaran karnyayogya utpadane, lavchik utpadan munch, parivartansheelata aanee kachara-mukt dhorane yanche "mokalepana" aanee sanukoolan rabavale jaat aahe. tathapi, yaa navintam tappyat, naveen karmchari kaushalye aanee vyavasthapakiy dnyan, tasech aavashyak samoohik sanukoolan mansikta adyap tayar, rakhali aanee nutanikaran kelee gelee nahee. mulyavardhit nasaleli sansadhane nasht karane ajunahi aavashyak aahe. utpadan pranaliche ghatak aanee karye yanche ektrikaran karnyasathi ajunahi vikasit honyasathi vel lagato.
utkrantivadi chakr.
sahaa vyavasthapan pranalinche (ess. emm. ess.) utkranti chakr aakruti 5 madhye darshavile aahe.
heey lakshat ghene yogya aahe qee sahaa-vyavasthapan-pranali utkranti vegwan paddhatine pragati karat aahe, sthairyacha kalavadhi qamee hott aahe aanee kranti vegane hott aahet. vaiyaktik vyavasthapan pranali eksarkhe houu lagalya aahet aanee tyanchya seema aspasht hott aahet. vyavasay model aanee vyavasthapan pranalinmadhye satat badal hott rahanyache yug udayas yeteh spardhatmak labhasathicha shodh (ekapeksha jaast) avirat, kashtacha aanee sansadhanancha kshay karnara banato. spardha qamee karoon aanee sahkarya vadhavun, sahkarya jaalyanche mothya sansthanmadhye vilinikaran karave lagel. (doghansathi sanyuktapane) sahyogi labhancha shodh ghene hii aarthik vartanachi naveen paddhat banel.

