manoranjak (kayada)

ingraji, velsh aanee ayrish samanya kayadyatil vipanan gunhe heey manoranjak, vanikaran aanee punarlekhan hote. bajaravar prabhav padnyachya asvikarya paddhatinche varnan karnyasathi yaa sandnyancha vapar keela jaat asey, kahivela vishisht vastusathi, samanyatah annasathi sthanik maktedari nirman karoon. yaa sandnya anekada ekatra aanee parasparvirodhi arthansah vaparlya jaat asat. 1844 madhye teey kalbahya jhaale.
blackstonechya bhashyanni tyanche varnan sarvajanik vyaparaviruddhache gunhe asey kele aaheh
jangalbandi-"bajarpethechya margat samudradvare konatyahi vastoo kinwa khadyapadarthanchi kharedi kinwa karar; kinwa lokanna tyancha maal kinwa tartudi tethe aananyapasun rokhane; kinwa jevha tithe asateel tevha tyanna kimmat vadhavanyas pravrutt karane; yapaiki konatyahi paddhatimule bajarala vajvi vyapari mahag karato."
regrating-"konatyahi bajarpethet makaa kinwa itar mrut khadyapadarthanchi kharedi karane aanee tyach bajarpethet kinwa tyaa thikanapasun chaar mailanchya aat teey punha vikane. yasathi tartudinchya kimmatihi vadhatat, kaaran pratyek salag vikretyala salag napha milane aavashyak aahe."
manoranjak-"aekhadyachya tabyat yene, kinwa mothya pramanat makaa kinwa itar mrut khadyapadarth punha vikanyachya uddeshane kharedi karane. heey nishchitach janatesathi hanikarak asale pahije, tyanchya swatachya vivekbuddhine tartudinchi kimmat vadhavinyachya eka kinwa done shrimantanchya adhikarat thevun."
blackstone ekadhikarshahiche varnan "vyaparachya itar shakhanmadhye samaan gunha" asey kele aahe.eae.ann nahee.
jangalbaji.
blackstone mhanato qee haah eka samanya kayada gunha hota. hota samore dukan ubharalyane utpann hott nahee tarr khulya bajarat vastoo dukanavar pohochanyapurvi kharedi kelyane utpann hote. samanyatah, vikretyanna bajarat jaatana rokhane, tyancha satha kharedi karane, nantar too bajarat gheuun jaane aanee tyala chinhankit karane, hii eka prakarchi lavadachi pratha aahe. yacha arth ashee bhagidari kinwa kararanchi nirmiti karane dekhil asoo shakate jyaa antargat vastoo bajarat aanalya jaanar naheet. vipanan gunhyansathi vanpalan heey bahudha sarvansathiche kalam mhanoon vaparale jaate aanee samajale jaate.
domsday pustakat 'forresteel' (i.eae. bajaraparyant pohochanyapurvi vastoo kharedi karanyachi aanee nantar kimmati vadhavanyachi pratha) hii englandmadhye raja edward daad kanfesardware kelee jaau shakanari teen japti hotee. 1321 salapasoonach vanpalan hii pratha eka vishisht gunha mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee aanee baravya shatkachya suruvatila londonmadhye aanee itar shahare aanee shaharanmadhye, jyat jameen kinwa samudradvare samudradvare vastooncha samavesh hota, tyavar niyantran thewale jaat hote. tathapi, mulat haah shabd swatach vaparla jaat navhata. englandchya heinry I chya kayadyanusar, vanpalan haah mahamargavar hallah karane haah rajachya shantateviruddhacha gunha hota. marshalsichya niyamanchya vitaranadvare vipanan gunhyacha arth prapt jhaala, jyanchya jyanchya englandchya edward I yanni sheearmadhil vyaparache niyaman karnyache adhikar dile hote. kalantarane heey niyam jaree konatyahi aupcharik prakriyedvare bahudha kadhihi manjur jhaale nasale taree vanpalancha kayada mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale. kayadyanmadhye vanaropanaviruddha mothya dandachi tartud hotee. vyavharat samanya dand haah dand hota, kinwa, varanvar prakaranansathi, khambamadhye sampark sadhane.
niyamak, vanpal aanee antargrahan antargrahan kayada.
1552 madhye edward vhichya sansadene vyapar niyantrit karnyasathi eka kayada manjur keela, prastavnet mhatale aahe qee, barechada, mageel kayade apure siddha jhaale hote (5 aanee 6 edve vhee see 12).
yaa kayadyane, too jyaa prantat rahat hota tyaa prantatil teen nyaymurtinni parwana dilela, asha konatyahi badger, ladder, kidder kinwa vahakadvare "makaa, maase, lonee kinwa cheej" chee "khulya jatret kinwa bajarpethet" kharedi aanee vikri "ladalelya dandatoon vagalale.
makyachya badger aanee guranchya kondyanna sparsh karnari krutee, parvanadharak.
tyachya purvavartinpramanech haah kayada apura asalyache manale jaat hote, mhanoon 1562 madhye elizabeth pahilyachya sansadene badger aanee draversche niyaman kadak karoon aanakhi eka kayada manjur keela (5 elize. 1. see. 12). yaa kayadyat asey mhatale hote qee, "itakya mothya sankhyene lock, jeey keval sahajpane jagoo ichchitat aanee tyanche pramanik shram sodoon deu ichchitat, tyanni parvanagi midvanyacha aanee parwana midvanyacha darroj prayatna keela aahe aanee keela aahe... tyaa uddeshansathi sarvat ayogya aanee apoorn asane... changlya aanee aavashyak pashupalakanchi sankhya qamee karane.
yaa kayadyantargat keval kadak atinkhalich parwana deela jaau shakato. badger purush, 3 varshanpasun shaiarmadhye rahnare, gharkam karnare, (vivahit) aanee 30 varshe kinwa tyahoon adhik vayache asavet. gharguti sevak kinwa snrakshak arj karoo shakale naheet. bajaratoon kinwa fervikrisathi jatretun makaa kinwa dhanya kharedi karnyavyatirikt, parvanyat yala parvanagi denare 'spasht shabd' asane aavashyak hote. parvane keval timahi satranmadhye dile jaau shakat hote aanee teen nyayadhishandvare, jyapaiki eka gansabhecha asava lagato. pratyekala parvanyavar swakshari karoon tyavar shikkamortab karave lagat hote. parwana eka varshapeksha jaast kaal deela jaau shakat nahee aanee serve parvane 1 meey roji kalbahya jhaale, joparyant teey jaast kaal tikat naheet. nyayadhishanna baijarkadoon kinwa tyachyakadun manyata midvoon "bandhpatra kinwa hummy" aavashyak asanyacha adhikar hota, parantu tyachi aavashyakta navhati. heey £5 paryant asoo shakate, joou yaa kayadyaviruddhachya pahilya gunhyasathi kamal dand aahe. shanticha karakoon kinwa up karakoon, parantu qamee nahee, tyala 12 pencecha parwana lihawa lagat asey aanee parvanyanchya atty nondanimadhye nondavavya lagat asat, jyaa timahi satranmadhye sadar karavya lagat asat.
haah kayada atishay tapshilvar shabdat lihila gela hota. kathor tantrik aavashyakta asey suchavatat qee kayademandalala keval aniyantrit aniyantrit spardhemule bajarpethanna dhoka nirman hott aahe yachich chinta navhati, tarr parvane khoop muktapane upalabdh aahet yachihi chinta hotee, ektar nyaymurtinna kitee manjur kele jaat aahet heey kayadesheerpane mahit naslyamule, parantu teey bekaydeshirpane, kadachit bhrasht nyayalayin nyayalayin kinwa banavat vyaktinkadun ghetale jaat hote. bhatkya aanee itaransathi banavat parvane hii satat samasya hotee. vyavharat, mahilansah yaa atimbaher parvane dile jaat hote.
jaree madhyayugeen aanee elizabethan kalatil bahutek pravashanchya babatit badgersathi parwana asane aavashyak hote aanee bahudha teey tyanchyabarobar gheuun jaane aanee aavhan dile tarr teey tayar karane aavashyak hote, taree kayadyat tyanna badge ghalanyachi aavashyakta navhati. tyacha upakhyanatmak sandarbh aahe aanee vyavharat tyanna asey karanyachi pratha kinwa savay hotee kinwa kahee bajarpethanmadhye tase karane aavashyak hote, (udaa.jee., smithfield market).
radd qaraa.
badgersche niyaman karnare kayade 1772 madhye kahee kayade radd karoon radd karnyat aale. tathapi, mageel kayadyanmadhye varanvar nirbandhanmule teey prabhavipane radd karnyat aalele naheet asey aadhalun aale. 1800 madhye, johnn rusbie yaa eka vyaktivar prati timahi 41 shilling darane 90 chaturthansh oats kharedi kelyabaddal aanee tyach divashi 43 shilling darane tyapaiki 30 vikalyabaddal aarop thevanyat aala. pithasin nyayadhish laurd keeniyan yanni radd karnyachya kayadyachya virodhat jordar yuktivad keela aanee aaropinchya virodhat nirnayak mandalala jordar sambodhit kele. rusbila motha dand thothavanyat aala, parantu, apeal kelyavar, nyayalayamadhye ajunahi samanya kayadyat manoranjan, pratibandh aanee pratikshep karane heey gunhe aahet qaa yabaddal titkech matbhed hote. 1844 madhye jevha vananirman, punarsthapan ii. hote, tevha aanakhi eka radd karnyacha kayada aavashyak hota. kayada 1844 (7 aanee 8 wii. see. 24, "jangalbandi, punarvasan aanee manoranjan yaa gunhyanche uchchatan karnyasathi aanee vyaparavar nirbandh thevun manjur kelele kahee kayade radd karnyasathicha kayada"), akheris heinry III aanee edward VII chya karkirdit manjur kelele itar 19 kayade radd karoon kayada susthitit aanala.

