
johnn baxter (nyayadhish)

johnn baxter (5 march 1819-2 april 1886) heey eka american vakeel aanee nyayshastradnya hote, jyanni 1877 teey 1886 yaa kalat sahavya circuitsathi united states circuit courtache united states circuit jaj mhanoon kaam kele. suruvatila eka vhig, tyanni purvi noxville, tenacy yethe practices karnyasathi jaanyapurvi, speaker mhanoon eka mudatisah, north carolina haus auph commonsmadhye anek vela kaam kele hote.
baxterne american yadavi yuddhachya purvasandhyela futiratela virodh keela aanee purv tenacy adhiveshanala pratinidhi hota, jyane purv tenesimadhye swatantra, sangh-sanrekhit rajya tayar karnyacha prayatna keela. tyanantar tyanni kahee pramanat sangharajya nyayalayanmadhye aarop asalelya sanghvadyanna kayadeshir sanrakshn denyasathi sangharajyas nishthechi shapath ghetali. yuddhadarmyan tyanni jyancha bachav keela, tyamadhye east tenacy brij jaalanyachya katatil anek sadasya aanee mothya locomotivechya pathalagatil anek sahbhagincha samavesh hota. september 1861 madhye teey confederate kongresasathi ayashasvi tharale. 1862 chya madhyaparyant teey tyanchya sangh-samarthak bhoomikevar paratale hote.
baxter yanni lokshahi pakshache rashtrapatipadache umedvar george bii. yanna pathimba deela. 1864 madhye mcclellan, parantu akheris too republican pakshat sameel jhaala. 1870 madhye, teey sadhyachya tenancy rajya sanvidhanachi nirmiti karananya rajya ghatanatmak adhiveshanache pratinidhi hote.
prarambhik jeevan.
baxtercha janm uttar carolinatil rutherford countymadhye jhaala, too william aanee catherine (lii) baxter yancha mulga hota. tyache vadil, william, 1789 madhye uttar irelandmadhun sthalantarit jhalela eka "kifayatshir aanee shrimant" shetkari mhanoon varnan kele gele hote. tarun johnn suruvatila dakshin carolinamadhye vyapari mhanoon kaam karat hota, parantu too apoorn asalyache tyala vatale aanee tyane kayadyachya abhyasakade valale. tyanni kayadyache shikshan ghetale aanee 1841 madhye tyanna barmadhye pravesh midala, suruvatila 1845 madhye uttar carolinatil henderson countymadhye jaanyapurvi rutherford countymadhye sarav keela.
baxterne swatahla rajkiyadrushtya vadhatya vhig partishi jodale. 1844 madhye teey rashtrapatipadache umedvar heinry clay yanche matdar hote. tyanchya rajkiy karyat uttar carolina mahasabhecha sadasya mhanoon daha varshanchya sevecha samavesh hota, jee teen vegvegalya kalkhandat pasarali hotee. pahila 1842 teey 1843 paryant rutherford kauntiche pratinidhitva karat hota, nantar 1846 teey 1848 aanee shevati 1852 teey 1857 paryant, henderson kauntiche pratinidhitva karat hota. tyanni 1852 chya adhiveshanasathi vakta mhanoon kaam kele.
vidhimandalachya akherchya karyakalaparyant, baxterne paschim uttar carolinala milananya sandhinpeksha adhik sandhee shodhanyas suruvat kelee. sahkari vakeel aanee vhig, oliver peree temple yanchya sallyanusar, baxter heey pashchimekadil mothya dhulichya parvatanvar asalelya noxville, tenacy yethe sthalantarit jhaale. nantar tempalne aathvan karoon dilee qee noxville darbarasamor baxtercha pahila yuktivad itka spasht aanee bhakkam hota qee tyane tyala ekach velee noxville barchya netyanpaiki eka mhanoon chinhankit kele."
baxterchya nyayalayin shailiche varnan kartana, tempalne mhatale qee tyane kirkol kinwa kshullak muddyankade durlaksh karoon khatalyachi pramukh tathye patkan aatmasat kelee. jarr tyane tyachi cases tikavoon thewali tarach tyane purvat darshavanyacha aadar keela. mandirane lihile qee baxter farsa vachala jaat nasla taree tyachyakade eka 'prachand' buddhi hotee jee 'chatur aanee tarkik' hotee."yadavi yuddh suru hoiparyant, baxterchya kayadyachya saravatoon milananya kamaimule too noxvillemadhil sarvat shrimant vyaktinpaiki eka banala hota.
nagri yuddh.
jaree gulam asoonahi, november 1860 madhye abraham linken yanchya nivadanukinantar dakshinet pasarlelya vibhagiy sankatachya kalat baxterne futiratela virodh keela. 'dakshinene kaay karave?' yaa shirshakachya lekhat?"24 november 1860 roji 'noxville vhig' chya aavruttit prakashit jhalelya baxterne serve dakshinekadil rajyanmadhil pratinidhinchya adhiveshanala aavahan kele, assa vishvas thevun qee yamule khalchya dakshinetil futiratela shant karanyachi sandhee milel.
februwari 1861 madhye, baxter haah naks kauntichya union samarthak umedvaranpaiki eka hota, joou rajyavyapi adhiveshanasathi, vegale honyacha vichar karnyasathi prastavit hota. mandir aanee vilyam jee sarkhya majee vhig netyansah. braunalo, horace menard aanee johnn netherland yanni sangharajyala pathimba denyasathi yaa pradeshacha prachar keela. mandirane nantar lihile qee tenanesimadhil konihi baxterpecsha "futiratela aanee tyachya netyanna fatkarnyat itka kadoo navhata".
juuna 1861 madhye east tenacy convention greenville satrat, baxter heey temple, braunalo aanee menards nox county pratinidhi mandalache sadasya hote. tenesine vegale honyasathi matdan kelyanantar lagechach jhalelya yaa adhiveshanane, purv tenesila rajyatoon baher padanyachi aanee swatantra, sangh-sanrekhit rajya sthapan karanyachi parvanagi dyavi, ashee vinanti rajya vidhimandalala kelee. tii. yanni prastavit kelelya tharavanchya malikeviruddha baxterne aavaj uthavala.aaa.aar. nelsonne, jyane vidhimandalane adhiveshanachya maganya nakarlyas balacha vapar karanyachi dhamki dilee. tyanni mandirane lihilelya tharavanchya adhik shantatapurn sanchala pathimba deela, jeey akheris sweekarle gele.
julaichya uttaradhat bailachya sharyatichya ladhait sangharajyacha vijay jhalyanantar, baxterne haloohaloo futirataviruddhachi aapali moheem sodoon dilee aanee naveen sangharajyashi samet karnyas suruvat kelee. september 1861 madhye, tyanni kahee pramanat atak karnyat aalelya sanghvadyanna kayadeshir madat karnyasathi aanee kahee pramanat uttarela yuddhat dakshinecha parabhav karata yenar nahee asey vatat asalyamule, sangharajyakade nishthechi shapath ghetali. landon carter hensasarkhya anek futiratavadi lokanni baxterchya pakshantarala swagat kele, tarr itaranni, jase qee "noxville register" sampadak jeey. austin sperila tyachya pramanikpanavar shanka hotee. september 1861 madhye, baxterne confederate congressmadhil jilhyachya jagesathi sharyat ladhavali, parantu william jee. yanni tyacha darun parabhav keela. huns.
baxterne 1861 chya uttaradhat aanee 1862 chya suruvatila sangharajya adhikaanyaanee tyanchyavar vividh gunhyancha aarop kelelya sanghvadyancha bachav karnyat barach vel ghalavala. august 1861 madhye, atak karnyat aalelya nelsonchi sutka karnyasathi madat karnyasathi too richmond, virginia yethe gela. november 1861 madhye east tenacy pool jaalalyanantar, baxterne anek aaropi katkarkancha bachav keela. decemberchya uttaradhat, noxvillemadhye turungat asalelya braunalochi sutka karnyasathi madat karnyasathi too punha richmandla gela. februwari 1862 madhye, baxterne 'east tenatian' heey vruttpatra suru kele, jyacha uddesh dakshini sanghvadyanshi mahasanghamadhye samet ghadavun aanane haah hota.
1862 chya vasant rutuparyant, baxter punha eksandhatechya muddyavar gondhal ghalat hota. tyanni eka bhashan dile jyamadhye tyanni mahasanghachi konatihi aasha nasalyache sangitale, jyamule general edmond kirbi smith yancha santap vadhala. tyanantar thodyach velat, general albert sidney johnstonne smithchya vinantivarun, baxterla memphisachya vyavsayik dauyavar asatana atak kelee. kahee divasannantar tyachi sutka jhaali asali taree, baxterne rajyapal isham jee. yanchyavar aarop karat ragachya bharat sangh-samarthak bhoomikevar paratale. atakeche niyojan kartana harris.
juuna 1862 madhye, temple aanee baxter yanni noxvillemadhye court-marshalcha samna karananya baaraa union sainikanna 'gret locomotive chages' kinwa andrews reed mhanoon olakhalya jaananya chhapamar mohimet sahbhagi jhalyabaddal kayadeshir sanrakshn pradan kele. baaraa paiki saat jananvar khatalyachi sunavani jhaali aanee kaidyanna chattanooga yethe halavanyat aale. temple aanee baxter yanni assa yuktivad keela qee hallekhor heey moolatah union aarmiche karmchari hote, hair kinwa vidhvansak navhate aanee mhanoon tyanna yuddhakaidi mhanoon vagavale gele pahije. serve satahi doshi aadhalale aanee tyanna fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee.
september 1863 madhye jevha union sainyane noxvilver kabja keela, tevha baxterla unioncha mitra mhanoon manyata denyat aalee aanee east tenacy releaf associationmadhye tyachi niyukti karnyat aalee, jyane sangharajyachya hatoon trasalelya yuniyanvadyanna madat kelee. baxter linkenchya mukti ghoshaneshi asahmat hote aanee tyanni george bii. 1864 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit mcclellan. yamule braunalocha santap usalala, joou swatahla kattarpanthi prajasattakanshi jodanar hota aanee tyanantarchya varshant teey doghe vruttapatranchya stambhanmadhye ekmekanvar hallah kartil.
yuddhanantarchya kriya.
yuddhanantar, baxterne noxvillemadhil majee mahasanghanna maafee arj tayar karnyat madat kelee. tyach velee, tathapi, tyanni east tenacy vidyapithachya vishvast mandalachya majee-sanghatak sadasyanna shuddha karnyasathi chalvaliche netrutva kele.
1860 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, baxter aanee mercurial noxville vyapari joseph mabri yanchyat vaad petala. mabri diwalkhor noxville aanee kentki railwayche adhyaksh hote, jyala rajya rokhyanmadhye lakho dollars jaaree karnyat aale hote. julai 1869 madhye, baxterne mabriever company lutalyacha aarop karat khatala dakhal keela. mabrine tyachpramane baxterver khanij gruh railwayshey vyavhar kartana fasavanuk kelyacha aarop keela. 1870 chya suruvatila doghanni vruttapatranchya stambhanmadhye ekmekanvar bhishan hallah keela aanee ekmekanvar badnamicha khatala dakhal keela. akheris, 13 juuna 1870 roji, mabrine noxvilchya downtownmadheel lamar haus hotelsmore baxterla golya ghatalya. jaree baxter sashastr asala taree paloon gela. mabriela atak karnyat aalee, parantu baxterne aarop kele naheet.
janewari 1870 madhye, baxter heey sadhyachya tenacy rajya sanvidhanachi nirmiti karananya adhiveshanasathi nox kauntiche pratinidhi mhanoon nivadle gele. adhiveshanat, baxter yanchi haqq samitee aanee mahabhiyog samitee yaa donhichya adhyakshapadi niyukti karnyat aalee aanee tyanni kayamswarupi niyam samitee, samanya shaala samitee aanee nyaypalika samitivar kaam kele. haqq samiteene sanvidhanachya kalam 1 ("adhikaranchi ghoshana") chaa masuda tayar keela. baxterne nivadanuk curr sthapit karnyasathi durusti sadar kelee.
1872 madhye, baxterne liberal republican pakshala pathimba deela. 1876 paryant, matra, jevha tyanni rutherford bii. yanna pathimba deela, tevha tyanni swatahla mukhya republican pakshashi jodale hote. rashtrapatinsathi dhura.
federal nyayadhish.
baxterla adhyaksh rutherford bii. yanni namankit kele hote. 6 december 1877 roji nyayadhish hallmore hull emmonsney rikt kelelya sahavya circuitsathi united states circuit courtwaryl eka jagevar hayes. 13 december 1877 roji amerikechya sinetane tyanna manyata dilee aanee tyach divashi tyanna tyanche commission midale. tyanchya nidhanane 2 april 1886 roji tyanchi seva sampushtat aalee.
ullekhaneey prakarane.
baxterchya anek matanmadhye railwaymargancha samavesh hota. eka prakaranat, "louisville aanee nashville railway company wii. tenanesichya railway aayogane (1884), baxterne nirnay deela qee rajyachya railway aayogala darr niyantrit karnyasathi adhikar denara tenancy rajya kayada aspasht aanee asanvaidhanik hota. dusya bhashet, "dinsmore vhee. louisville, cincinnati aanee lexington railway company (1880), tyanni assa nirnay deela qee railwaymarg heey "ardh-sarvajanik upkarane" aahet aanee tyamule railway kampanya konatyahi companyla (yaa prakaranat eka drutagati kurier) vahtook karnyas nakar deu shakat naheet, joparyant tee company vajvi darr dete.
1884 madhye, baxterne khalchya nyayalayane jaaree kelela aadesh radd keela, jyane baseball pitcher toney mullenla toledo blue stockingsathi khelanyas manai kelee, kaaran tyane aadhich centshee karar keela hota. lui maroon. baxterne assa yuktivad keela qee baseballchya baabee courtcha vel vyapanyasathi phaar kshullak hotya.
mrutyu.
2 april 1886 roji arcansas yetheel ushna zyanmadhye baxter yanche nidhan jhaale. noxville yetheel junya rakhadi smashanbhumit tyala daphan karnyat aale.
kutumb.
baxtercha bhau, elisha baxter, 1872 teey 1874 paryant arkansascha governor mhanoon karyarat hota. tyacha mulga, louis tii. baxter (1852-1927) haah nashvilcha eka pramukh vyapari hota aanee 1890 madhye tenesichya governorpadacha eka ayashasvi umedvar hota. dusra mulga, george doubleu. baxter (1855-1929), 1886 madhye wimingcha pradeshik governor mhanoon alpakal kaam kele. baxter chaar vela vivahabaddha jhalah 1) mahalah hinds (emm. 1836), orra alekzandar (mea. 1843), catherine alekzandar (emm. 1860) aanee kett white (mea. 1867).