nobus

nobus ('aamchyat konee nahee') hii sandnya amerikechya rashtriy suraksha sansthene (aine. ess. aii.) eka dnyat suraksha asurakshitateche varnan karnyasathi vaparali aahe, jyacha keval america (america) fayda gheu shakate assa tyancha vishvas aahe. tantradnyan aanee guptalekhan jasjase pudhe jaat aahe, tasatase jagbharatil ghatak microsoft, linux aanee apple sarkhya samanya platform aanee pranalinkade aakarshit hott aahet. vaparatil yaa abhisaranamule swatachi mahitee sanrakshit karnyasathi patching pranalichya asurakshitata aanee pratispardhyabaddal mahitee shodhanyasathi tyach pranalichya asurakshitatecha fayda uthavane yanchyat sangharsh nirman hoto. haah sangharsh hatalanyasathi, aine. ess. aii. neey nobus pranali vikasit kelee jyamadhye teey virodhi pranalitil dnyat asurakshitatecha fayda gheu shakel yaa sambhavyateche moolyankan karatat. jarr teey heey nirdharit karatat qee asurakshitata keval sanganakeey sansadhane, andajpatrak kinwa kaushalya sanch yasarkhya karananmule aine. ess. aii. dware shoshanyayogya aahe, tarr teey tyala nobus mhanoon label karatat aanee teey tyavar todga kadhanyasathi pudhe jaanar naheet, tarr sadhyachya kinwa bhavishyatil uddishtanchya virodhat shoshan karnyasathi tee khulee thevatat. sthoolpane, nobaschi sankalpana hii america aanee urvarit jug yanchyatil signal buddhimatta (siggint) kshamatetil antar darshavate. itar sansthanchya kshamata vadhat asatana aanee kharedichya asurakshitata vikasit hott asatana sanket buddhimattecha haah drushtikon americela fayadhyapeksha adhik dhoka nirman karato asey tikakaranche mutt aahe.
itihas.
itihas shatkat, virodhkanchya sanvadanna adthala aanatana swatachya sanvadanche sanrakshn karane sangharshat navhate. pahile mahayuddha (doubleu. doubleu. aay.) aanee dusare mahayuddha (doubleu. doubleu. aay. aay.) signalchya buddhimattemadhye redio sampreshananvar kanfootoon aikane aanee lakshyit sanketik sanket sandesh todane, asha krutee jyaa swatachya mahitichi suraksha kamkuvat karat naheet, yanche mishran hote. hote mahayuddhadarmyan mitrapakshanchi operation ultra hii lashkari sandesh prasarit karnyasathi vaparale jaanare german sipher upkaran, goodh todanyasathi jababdar hotee. goodhata todun, mitrapakshanchya siphara machine, sigabachya surakshevar prabhav padala nahee, kaaran tyaa vegalya tantradnyanacha vapar vapar vegalya pranali hotya. tantradnyan jasjase pragat hott gele, tasatase aakramak siggint, virodhkanchya sanvadanna adavanyachi krutee aanee swatache sandesh sanrakshit karanyachi krutee, bachavatmak siggint yanchyatil heey vegalepan nahise houu lagale.
dursanchar, internet aanee microsoft aanee aepalsarkhya mothya companyanchya pragaticha arth assa hota qee anekada sangharshachya donhi bajoo samaan pranali vapartat. tyamule, jarr ekhadya gatala lakshya pranalimadhye asurakshitata aadhalali, tarr yacha arth assa dekhil houu shakato qee tyanni tyanchya swatachya pranalimadhye asurakshitata shodhali aahe. kamkuvat buddhimatteche nirakaran karnyasathi asurakshitata ughad karane, tarr asurakshitatebaddalchi mahitee lapvoon thevane, suraksha kamkuvat karate, shodhalelya shoshanasah kaay karave yacha nirnay avishvasaniyapane klisht banavate.
america, canada, austreliya, newzealand aanee united kingdam yancha samavesh asalela paach dolhe mhanoon olakhala jaanara guptachar aaghadi gut, tyanchya siggint kshamatesathi tantradnyanachya pragaticha laabh ghenyasathi jagaat advitiyapane sthit jhaala. jagbharatil jawaljawal serve sanvad sharirikdrushtya pachpaiki eka dolhyatoon jaatat, jyamule tyanchya kanavarchi najar thevanyachya kshamatet sharirik fayda hoto. hii bhaugolik sthitee heey eka kaaran hote qee america suruvatilach sigintchya aakramanache netrutva karat hotee.
yavyatirikt, anek tantradnyan kampanya yaa americi kampanya hotya, jyaa itar sanstha aanee sarkaranmadhye nasalelya mahamandalanvar americela kayadeshir adhikar dett hotya. yaa nobus fayadhyache eka udaharan mhanje aine. ess. aii. karyakram jyala prism mhanatat, joou tyanna tyanchya uddishtambaddal googal, apple, microsoft aanee itar kampanyankadun mahitee magnyachi kshamata deto.
aine. ess. aii. chey majee sanchalak michael haydon yanni tevhapasoon nobaschi sankalpana manya kelee aaheh jarr asurakshitatesathi dekhil bhareev sanganakeey shakti kinwa itar lakshaniy vaishishtyanchi aavashyakta asel tarr tumhi bhedyatekade vegalya drushtikonatun pahata aanee tumhala nirnay ghyava lagel qee heey aanakhi kona karoo shakel? jarr ithe ashee konatihi asurakshitata asel jee guptalekhan kamkuvat karate parantu teey kaam karnyasathi tumhala talgharat chaar ekar cray sanganakanchi aavashyakta asel tarr tumhala vatate qee 'nobus' aanee hii eka asurakshitata aahe jee aapan naitikdrushtya kinwa kayadeshiraritya patch karnyacha prayatna karnyas bhag padat nahee-hii eka ashee asurakshitata aahe jyacha aapan naitik aanee kayadeshiraritya fayda ghenyacha prayatna karoo shakato jenekarun american itaranpasoon surakshit rahtil.
shoonya-divas shoshan bajarpethechya vastuvishkaramule 2000 chya dashakat sigintche paridrushya badalale. shoonya-divas (kinwa 0-divas) shoshan hii eka software asurakshitata aahe jyachi software developerla mahitee nasate aanee tyamule tyache twarit nirakaran hott nahee. valoon shabdant, jevha shoshan mahitee choranyasathi kinwa pranali bhrasht karnyasathi vaparale jaate, tevha vikaskanna tee durust karnyasathi shoonya divas asatat. 1990 chya dashakat kahee vyaktindvare shoonya-divasanche karsthan vikasit aanee vikale jaat hote, parantu 2000 chya dashakachya suruvatila jagbharatil hackersche karsthan kharedi karnyasathi samarpit kampanya udayas yeu lagalya. shoonya-divasanchya karnamyansathichya yaa karadya-bajarpethet, jagatil konakadehi puresa nidhi asel tarr too samanyatah vaparlya vaparlya pranalinche karnam kharedi karoo shakala.
2013 madhye, american visalbloer edward snodenne aine. ess. aii. chee kagadpatre leak kelee jyat asey ughad jhaale qee aine. ess. aii. shoonya-divas bajarat, bahudha yaa kshetratil sarvat motha kharedidar, shoshan gola karnyasathi lakshaniy paise kharch karat hote. karvaya karnyasathi sarvoch dollar kharch karanyachi kshamata hii eka udatt kshamata manali jaate kaaran itar anek sanstha anekada shoshanavar itka kharch karoo shakat naheet. 2012 paryant, ekach aay. oo. ess. bugg karadya bajarat $250,000 itaki kamai karoo shakato. 2021 madhye, heey dnyat aahe qee aine. ess. aii. bachavatmak peksha aakramak sigintvar 10 putt jaast kharch karate, jyat sanrakshanavaril pratyek 1 1 100 karmchari aakramak kaam karatat.
snoden galatimule tyachya british samkaksh sarkari dalanvalan mukhyalayachya (jee. see. etch. kyu.) sahkaryane nsa. karyakram dekhil ughad jhaala, jyala muscular mhanatat. yaa karyakramat gugal aanee yahusah companyanchya panyachya khalee internet cablesver tapp karane samavisht hote. companychya antargat sarvharmadhye encrypted naan karata pravas karat asatana mahiticha haah sangrah 'upstream' sangrah mhanoon olakhala jaato aanee prabhavit jhalelya mahamandalanna yachee purnapane mahitee navhati. nsa aanee ghq heey mitrapaksh hote aanee yaa karyakramavar ekatra kaam karat hote heey lakshat gheta, british pradeshat snayu tayar jhaale, jeey nobus kshamateche udaharan aahe.
americi sarkarchi pratikriya.
edward snoden galatinantar, 2014 madhye amerikeche adhyaksh obama yanni aine. ess. aii. chya siggint davpechanna sambodhit kele. vaiyaktik suraksha, parkeey sambandh aanee mahamandalanchya hetuncha vichar keela jaau shakel yaa aashene guptachar yantranevar karyakari dekhrekh majboot karnar asalyache tyanni aaplya bhashanat jaheer kele. naveen gopaniyata suraksha upayayojananchya amalbajavanisathi jababdar asalelya white hausmadhye naveen varishtha varishtha niyukti karnar asalyachehi tyanni jaheer kele. tathapi, shoonya-divas karnamyanchya vaparababat thet charcha jhaali nahee, jyache laksh americetil aine. ess. aii. chya durdhvani nondinchya sangrahavar kendrit hote.
2014 madhye, rashtradhyaksh obama yanchya siggint pattyanantar kahee mahinyanni, lokpriy encryption tool openslmadhil eka bugg sapadala. haah shoshan, jyala hartblid, us panchbhujasah jagbharat pasarlele software mhanoon olakhale jaate. hartblidchya shodhanantar, obama prashasanache cyber suraksha samnvayak michael daniele yanni aine. ess. aii. dware konatya asurakshitata thevavyat aanee kaay ughad karave heey nirdharit karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya prakriyes sarvajanikpane sambodhit kele. danielne agencyne vicharat ghetalelya anek muddyanchi yadee dilee, mhanje ughad kelyas shoshanamule kitee nuksan houu shakate aanee gupt mahitee vegalya prakare gola kelee jaau shakate qaa. yavyatirikt, daniele heey adhorekhit karato qee jarr asurakshitata vaparnyasathi thewali gelee tarr tee keval tatpurati asel aanee ejansidware thodya kalavadhichya vaparanantar tee patch karnyasathi parat kelee jaeel. sigintmadhye shoonya-divas karvaya vaparanyachi americi sarkarne jahirpane kabuli denyachi hii pahilich vel hotee. 2014 madhye danielne aakhalelya yaa protocolla vulnerability equity process (vhee. eae. pii.) mhanoon olakhale jaate.
teeka.
tikakarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee aine. ess. aii. aanee mhanunach america aata sigintmadhye urvarit jagachya tulanet purviitke lakshaniy pudhe nahee. tyamule, aine. ess. aii. sathee keval nobus asalyache manale jaate mhanoon suraksha asurakshitata ughadya thevane dhokadayak aahe. 2012 salchya aine. ess. aii. chya eka patrat mhatale aahe qee, "heey spasht hott aahe qee itar rashtra-rajye tyanchya kaushalyacha sanman karat aahet aanee tyaa kshetrat sameel hott aahet", haah purava aahe qee aine. ess. aii. laa kshamatanmadhil satat bund hott asalelya antarabaddal mahitee aahe. august 2016 madhye, chhaya dalal mhanoon olakhalya vaparlya adnyat hackerschya eka gatane aine. ess. aii. code leak keela jyane agencychi achook sadhane ughad kelee, jyamule kodvar haat asalelya konalahi prabhavipane nobus kshamata midali. april 2017 madhye, chhaya dalalanni pudhe jaaun agencyne vikasit kelelya aanee gola kelelya shoonya-divasachya sarvat prabhavi karnamyanpaiki vees goshti ughad kelya. yaa galatinantar, 2013 madhye jhalelya snoden galatidarmyan agencychya pathishi ubhe rahilele aine. ess. aii. chey majee sanchalak michael haydon mhanale qee, jarr shaktishali sadhane asalelya agencyla sadhane surakshit thevata yet nastil aanee tee swatachya hatat thevata yet nastil tarr teey tyanche rakshan karoo shakat naheet.
aine. ess. aii. chey cyber shastragar galoon padoon, chhaya dalalanni asehi ughad kele qee aine. ess. aii. qamee patalichya asurakshitata thevat hote jyasathi vyapak upkarane kinwa anubhavachi aavashyakta navhati. kahee sadhane vaparnyas itaki sopee hotee qee tee moolatah 'point andd shhoot' hotee. yaa asurakshitata, vyakhyenusar, nobus naheet aanee tyaa ughad karnyaivaji aine. ess. aii. cyber shastragarat thevanyaivaji tyaa durust kelya jaau shaktil jyamule asurakshit softwarecha vapar vapar jagbharatil nishpap lokanchya surakshela dhoka aahe. aine. ess. aii. anek varshanpasun khalchya patalivaril karvaya rokhat hota yaa shodhamule tatkalin cyber suraksha samnvayak michael daniele yanni 2014 madhye namood kelelya vepcha thet virodh keela.
shoonya-divas shoshan bajaramule aine. ess. aii. varr dekhil teeka jhaali aahe. karadya bajarat kharedi kelelya asurakshitata spashtapane udatt nasatat kaaran puresa nidhi asalelya konakadehi tyaa kharedi karanyachi kshamata asate. jarr ekhadi sanstha eka gatala asurakshitata vikali tarr tee valoon valoon gatala vikanar nahee yachee khatri karnyacha konatahi marg nahee. tyamule tikakaranna chinta aahe qee asurakshitata ughad thevanyaivaji asurakshit pranali vaparnare nishpap lock surakshit rahatat, kaaran asurakshitata konala upalabdh aahet yachee pushti kelee jaau shakat nahee.
nobus pranalivar aanakhi eka samanya teeka ashee aahe qee aine. ess. aii. heey nagrik mhanoon vaparlya vaparlya pranalinmadhil asurakshitatecha fayda ghet asalyane aanee yuu. ess. madhye hoost kelelya sarvharvarun deta gola karat asalyane, aamchya nagarikankadun deta gola karane talhanyachya agencychya kshamatebaddal naitik aanee kayadeshir chinta aahet.
noboojche dhoran lokanna surakshit thevate yacha konatahi purava nahee, asehi tikakaranni mhatale aahe. yapurvi asey nondavale gele aahe qee nobasne 50 dahashatvadi halle thambavale aahet, tathapi nantar hii sankhya 1 kinwa 2 paryant sudharit karnyat aalee. 2017 madhye, rashtriy guptachar sanchalak (odni) yanchya karyalayane arthsahayya kelelya abhyasat shifaras kelee gelee qee guptachar samuday mahiticha srot mhanoon signal guptacharapasun door jaave. encryption paddhati vegane todnyaitkya pragat hott aahet aanee americetil kayade guptachar sankalanapeksha american nagarikanchya gopaniyatela pradhanya dett aahet, mhanje aine. ess. aii. aanee itar guptachar sansthanna signal guptacharasathi chadhatya ladhaila samore jaave lagat aahe.

