sarkar aanee bharatiyanchya sanrakshanasathi kayada

bharatiyanchya sarkar aanee sanrakshanasathicha kayada (adhyay 133, call. aakadevari.22 april 1850), jyala bharatiy karar kayada asey topananav denyat aale hote, too california rajya vidhimandalachya pahilya satradvare lagoo karnyat aala aanee californiache pahile rajyapal pieter hardman bernet yanni tyavar swakshari kelee. yaa kayadyamule californiatil anek mool american lokanna rojgar atinche niyaman karnyabarobarach aanee gunhegari kriyakalap aanee shikshechi punarvyakhya karnyabarobarach jabardastine shram karave lagale. californiachya sonyachya gardidarmyan gorya vasahatinni hajaro mool californiachya lokanna thaar marle kinwa gulam kele, asha californiachya narsamharala manjuri denyat yaa kayadyane mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali.
yaa vidheykavar swakshari karoon kayadyat rupantarit jhalelya bernetne 1851 madhye spasht kele qee, "bharatiy vansh namshesh hoiparyant vanshanmadhye vinashache yuddh suru raheel". kayada sammat honyachya velee, mool californiache nagrik nagrik honyasathi, matdan karnyasathi kinwa nyayalayat saksh denyasathi apatra hote. yaa kayadyamule mool californiachya bharatiyanna tyanchya paramparik bhoomitoon kadhoon takane aanee visthapit karane sulabh jhaale, 1850 teey 1865 yaa kalat kiman eka pidhi mule aanee praudhanna tyanchi kutumbe, bhasha aanee sanskratinpasun vegale kele.
californiachya nyayalayin nondinchya swarupamule, kayadyachya parinami gulam banavalelya mool american lokanchya sankhyecha andaj lavane katheen aahe. 1850 teey 1870 yaa kalavadhit, jyamadhye kayada lagoo hota, losses angelischi mool californiachi loksankhya 3,693 varoon 219 paryant qamee jhaali. 1865 madhye amerikechya sanvidhanatil 13 vya durustine anaichhik gulamgiri radd kelyanantar california vidhimandalane kayadyache kahee bhag radd kele asale taree, 1937 paryant teey purnapane radd karnyat aale navhate. 2019 madhye, governor gavin nyusam yanni california rajyachya vatine yaa kayadyasathi maafee magitali.
parshvabhoomi.
california goaled rush.
1846 purvi, californiachi mool nasaleli loksankhya 15,000 peksha qamee lokanparyant maryadit hotee, tathapi, california goaled rashchya kalat, hii loksankhya 100,000 lokanparyant vadhali hotee. anglo american khaan kamgar aanee parisaratil sthanik yanchyat tanav nirman jhaala. sonyachya gardichya suruvatilach, khaan kamgaranni moolatah nagri gatanmadhye ekatra yeuun tyaa bhagatil sthanik lokancha chhal aanee hatya karnyat yogdan dile. yamule hatyakandanchya anek ghatana ghadalya, jyat mool rahivashanche gut aakarane lahan hott gele aanee tyanchi pratikar karanyachi kshamata kamkuvat hott gelee. teey aadhich rog aanee annachya kamatarateshi jhunj dett hote. yaa velihi, sthanikanchya qaan aanee kananche vastuman kele jaat hote, jyamule samudayatil sthanik lokanchya shikarisathi bajarpeth upalabdh hote. californiatun kayada manjur jhaala aanee akheris federal sarkarne yaa shikarinni jamaa kelelya kharchasathi daha laakh dollarspeksha jaast vaparnyas adhikrut kele.
goaled rush californiadware anek samudayanni bharatiy dokyansathi, bharatiy scalpsasathi kinwa bharatiy kanansathi bakshise deu kelee. aanee tyamule bharatiy hallekhor tyanchya hatyecha purava aanoo shakat hote aanee tyanna thet sthanik nuksanbharpai miloo shakat hotee. yavyatirikt, california rajyane bharatiy shikarinni kelelya atirikt kharchachya paratfedisathi daha laakh dollarspeksha jaast adhikar denara kayada manjur keela. aanee nantar teey akheris federal congressla denyat aale, jithe congressne yaa uddeshasathi atirikt federal nidhila adhikrut karnara kayada dekhil manjur keela, jyamule yaa uddeshasathi sarvajanik nidhi vaparanyachi parvanagi midali, jyamule yaa bhagat manjur narsamhar jhaala aanee californiatil mool american lokanviruddha bhayanak hinsacharache udaharan sthapit jhaale.
julai 1846 pasoon americene california tabyat ghetale. sangharshat madhyasthi karnyachya prayatnat, californiache governor general kernie yanni april 1847 madhye anukrame sacramento aanee sann fransiskojavalachya bharatiyansathi up-pratinidhi mhanoon johnn sutter aanee mariano vallejo yanchi niyukti kelee, jenekarun tyanchya sambandhit bhagatil mool californiachya lokanshi sambandhit mahitee surakshit karata yeil, sthanik niyam sthapit karata yeteel aanee tyaa bhagatil sthanikanche snrakshak manale jaatil. matra, jeey sanvad jhaale teey sanrakshanatmak aanee shantatapurn navhate. parinami, leftnunt shermanne ghoda choratana pakadale gelyas, tyaa bhagatil mool rahivashanna golya ghalanyacha adhikar konatyahi vyaktila deela. jeey sthanik lock nokarila hote, tyanchyavar 1 november 1847 pasoon pramanpatra asane aavashyak hote aanee yaa pramanpatranshivay pakadale gelele ghode chor manale jayache aanee tyanna atak karoon shiksha kelee jaat asey. tyach velee, americene assa nirnay deela qee yaa bhagatil mool american lokanna teey jyaa jaminivar rahat hote tyaa jamini vikanyacha kinwa bhadepattivar denyacha adhikar nahee.
1849 madhye rashtradhyakshanni thomas butler king yanchi californiatil paristhitiche, visheshtah sthanik sambandhanshi sambandhit, vishleshan karnyasathi niyukti kelee. vividh kshetrantil bharatiy vyavhar aayuktandvare, jaminichya hakkancha abhyas karnyasathi aanee sthanik sambandh adhik samajoon ghenyasathi, 'bharatiy pratinidhi' aanee 'up-pratinidhi' niyukt kele gele. thomas butler kingchya ahavalat yaa bhagatil mool californiachya lokanche chukiche chitran kele gele aahe, asey soochit kele aahe qee tyaa jaminitil mool rahivasi heey sarvat khalchya darjache hote aanee tyancha kaam karnyacha kinwa tyanchi sthitee sudharanyacha farsa cull navhata. sanskratichya kalanchya shikavanukicha tyanna fayda houu shakato, asey rajane gruheet dharale. edam johnstonne ashach prakarcha ahwal deela hota, jyamadhye assa nishkarsh kadhala gela hota qee sthanik gut vikasachya khalchya tappyat aahet aanee sthalantaritankadun tyanna tyanchya gharatoon baher kadhale jaat aahe. yaa ahavalancha bahudha, federal sarkarkadoon sansadhananche ekagrataran aanee vitaran lagoo kaam, pudhe pudhe dhorananvar prabhav hota.
californiachi pahili rajyaghatna.
1849 madhye californiachya ghatanatmak adhiveshanachya pratinidhinni californiachi pahili rajyaghatna tayar kelee. californiache mool rahivasi manalya manalya lokanna matdanacha adhikar asava qee nahee yavar vadavivad jhaala. alpasankhyakanni pratinidhitvavina swatantrya aanee karachya ghoshanecha ullekh keela, jaree shevati bahusankhya jinkale aanee jyanna californiache mool rahivasi manale jaat hote tyanna matdan karanyachi parvanagi navhati.
22 april 1850 roji, californiachya pahilya vidhimandalane bharatiyanchya sarkar aanee sanrakshanasathi eka kayada manjur keela, joou suruvatila senator chamberlyn yanni bharatiyanchya sanrakshn, shiksha aanee sarkarshi sambandhit kayada mhanoon sadar keela.
kayadyachya tartudi.
yaa kayadyane sadhyachya californiatil mool sthanik gatanna hatavanyas aanee mule aanee praudhanchya eka pidhila tyanchi mool sanskruti, kutumbe aanee bhashanpasun vegale karnyas madat kelee. yavyatirikt, tyanni sthanik sadasyanna parisaratil goryanna kararbaddha kele.
yaa mahattvachya kayadyachya tartudi pudhilpramane aaheth
3. purushansathi 18 varshe aanee mahilansathi 15 varshe hoiparyant mule midvanyacha aanee tyanna thevanyacha adhikar niyoktyanna denyat aala aahe. kothadi pramanpatra midvanyasathi palak kinwa mitrakadoon sammati ghene aavashyak hote.
4. amanavi vagnukisathi kiman 10 dollarschya dandasah, kothadit asalelyanna yogya upchar dene aavashyak hote.
6. shvetvarniy vyakti kinwa bharatiy shantatechya nyayasamor takrari karoo shakatatah parantu konatyahi prakaranat bharatiyanchya sakshine shvetvarniy vyaktila konatyahi gunhyasathi doshi tharavale jaanar nahee.
9. jarr bharatiyanchi konatihi jamaat kinwa gaav shantatechya nyayadhishanni tharavalelya kayadyanche palan karnyas nakar dett asel kinwa tyakade durlaksh karat asel, tarr shantatecha nyay doshi pramukhanna kinwa pramukh purushanna fatkar kinwa dandadware shiksha karoo shakato kinwa anyatha tyanna vajvi shiksha deu shakato.
13. nyayadhish konatyahi gavatil pramukh aanee prabhavshali purushanna ekhadya gunhyacha aarop asalelya kinwa sanshayaspad asalelya konatyahi bharatiyala atak karoon tyanchyasamor aananyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate.
14. jevha ekhada bharatiy shantatechya nyayasamor, dandachi shiksha houu houu gunhyasathi doshi tharato, tevha konatahi pandhara manus nyayachya sammatine, ukt dand aanee kharch bharnyasathi aut ghatalelya, tyaa bharatiyasathi bandhpatra deu shakato aanee asha paristhitit bharatiyala asha prakare jameen jameen vyaktisathi kaam karnyas bhag padale jaeel, joparyant tyane tyachya virodhat aakarlela dand mukt keela nahee kinwa radd keela nahee.
16. ghode, khachchar, gurade kinwa konatihi maulyavan vastoo choralyabaddal doshi tharalelya bharatiyala panchvis peksha jaast jaast kopare marane kinwa nyayalay kinwa nyaymandalachya vivekbuddhinusar donashe dollarspeksha jaast jaast dandachya adheen asane aavashyak aahe.
20. daroo vikali jaate, bheek magate kinwa anaitik kinwa apramanik jeevan jagate asha sarvajanik thikani firtana kinwa varanvar firtana aadhalanara konatahi bharatiy, tyala prabhari kinwa tabyat asalelya asalelya chovis tasanchya aat asha bhatkya vyaktila sarvoch bolidarakade nenyas adhikrut karoon aanee aavashyak karoon dett, tyaa deshatil konatyahi vajvi nagarikachya takrarivar atak karnyas jababdar asel. tyachya bhadyasathi midalele paise, kharch aanee aavashyak kharch kapoon ghetalyanantar, bharatiy nidhichya jamakharchat county koshagarat dile jaatil. parantu jarr tyache kutumb asel tarr teey tyanchya vaparasathi aanee fayadhyasathi vaparale jaeel.
sudharana.
yaa kayadyala manyata midalyapasun tyat kirkol badal karnyat aale. 1860 madhye kayadyatil sudharana manjur karnyat aalya. kalam 3 chya durustinusar, sthanik mulanna rojgar kinwa prashikshanachya uddeshane tabyat thevanyachi aanee yaa seva praudhatvaparyant changlya prakare kayam thevanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee, mhanje purushansathi 40 varshe aanee mahilansathi 37 varshe. shikshaki alpavayin mule dekhil tyach palakanchya kinwa mitranchya sammatishivay midvanyas saksham hotee. kalam 7 madhye sudharana karnyat aalee jenekarun yaa kayadyat tartud kelyapramane vagalata jarr konatyahi vyaktine mool americanche karar kele tarr tyala kinwa tyanchyavar dand thothavala jaeel aanee tyanchyavar khatala chalavala jaeel. nantar 1872 madhye kalam 6 radd karnyat aale. 1872 madhye, californiachya sanvidhanat sudharana karnyat aalee, jyamule mool american lokanna nyayalayat saksh denyacha adhikar midala.
amalbajavani.
yaa kayadyane konatyahi mool american vyaktila, jyala aanee vyaktine bhatkya ghoshit kele aanee nyayasamor nele, nantar sarvajanik lilavat vikale jaau dile aanee aanee american lokanni yaa bhattyacha ativapar kelyane tyacha khoop gairavapar keela. tyaa velee, pashupalak aanee jameen malakanna tyanchya kamgaranna, jyapaiki barech mool american hote, daruche paise dene samanya hote. asha prakare, sarvajanik ammali padarthanna jawaljawal protsahan denyat aale, jyamule varanvar atak aanee tyanantar gulamgiri jhaali. kahee mahinyanchya rojgaranantar, gulam banavalelya mool american lokanna punha ekada bhatkya ghoshit karnyasathi aanee parat prasutisathi rastyavar parat yene, visheshtah daroo asalelya bhagat parat yene hii samanya gosht hotee. kamgaranna tyanche karj fedalya jaiparyant kaam karnyas bhag padale jaat hote aanee yaa nagarikanna matdan karnyacha kinwa nyayalayat saksh denyacha adhikar navhata. 1850 teey 1870 yaa kalat gulamanchi bharbharatichi bajarpeth mhanoon kaam kaam sadhyachya losses angelischya rastyanvar haah lilav jhaala. anek purushanni yaa lilavatoon udarnirvah keela, californiachya tarun mool rahivashanna 30 teey 150 dollarparyant kuthehi vikale gele.
1851 aanee 1852 chya varshant, california vidhimandalane mool rahivashanchya chhalala aarthik protsahan dile, aanee "bharatiy shatrutva dadapanyasathi" $1,100,000 vetan adhikrut kele."heey bandhpatra 1857 saalee $4,10,000 chya rakmene chaloo thevanyat aale. april 1863 madhye, mukti ghoshanenantar, mool american lokanche karar aanee" "protsahan" "california vidhimandalane radd kele". 1866 madhye amerikechya sanvidhanat 14 vee durusti samavisht kelyanantar haah kayada radd karnyat aala. konatyahi rajyane konatyahi nagarikachya visheshadhikaranche kinwa muktateche ullanghan karoo naye, kayadyachya yogya prakriyeshivay konatyahi vyaktila jeevan, swatantrya kinwa malmattepasun vanchit thevu naye, kinwa konatyahi eka vyaktila kayadyache samaan sanrakshn nakaru naye, asey yaat mhatale aahe. 1870 chya dashakat gulamanchi dirghakalin taskari qamee jhaali, mukhytah yaa bhagatil mool american lokanchi ghatati loksankhya tasech chean aanee european deshansarkhya itar deshanmadhun sthalantaritanchya sankhyet vaadh jhalyamule.
karar aanee vataghati.
1851 madhye, federal sarkarne teen aayuktanchya niyuktinantar karar lihinyachi prakriya suru jhaali, 1852 paryant california pradeshatil vividh jamatinshi vataghati jhalelya 18 kararansah. yaa kararanni ektritpane, californiatil sumare 7.5 laakh ekar jameen, sumare eka trutiyansh jameen, visheshtah sthanik vaparasathi bajula thewali. yaa kararanmadhye aadivasi swavlambi honyachya aashene ann aanee sansadhanansathi paise puravinare bhareev poshan dekhil hote. jawaljawal lagechach, rajya cinetmadhye yaa kararanna virodh karnyat aala aanee jaminichya mool rahivashanna aashadayak shetichi jameen mothya pramanat denyas napsant asalyamule bharatiyanna kadhoon takanyache aavahan karat, tyanna manyata deuun virodh karnyache aadesh denyat aale. united states sarkar yaa kararanna manyata denyat ayashasvi tharale.
1852 madhye, californiatil bharatiy vyavharanche pahile adhikshak, edward eff. kiman paach rakheev jaaga sthapan karnyachya yojnesah belchi niyukti karnyat aalee. congressne $200,000 kharch kele aanee september 1853 madhye tejon rakheev jaaga sthapan karnyat aalee. sumare 2,000 sthanikanna 50,000 ekar jaminivar aananyat aale. tathapi, yaa prayatnanvar laksh kendrit kartana beelene itar anek asurakshit mool californiachya lokankade durlaksh kele. 1854 madhye tyanna tyanchya padavarun kadhoon taknyat aale.
1854 madhye tyachya jaagi cole. thomas jeey. henley yanni 'nome lackley' aarakshan, 'nome cult', 'mendosino', 'fresno indian pharm' aanee 'kings river indian pharm' sthapan kele. yaa aarakshananna pikanche nuksan aanee panyachi kamatarata sahan karavi lagali, parinami rahnimanachi sthitee kharab jhaali. akheris, sanghiy malkicha tyag karnyat aala aanee punha ekada tyaa jaminiche mool rahivasi sthalantarit honyas bhag padale gele. 1870 madhye, sthanik americananchya paramparik shraddhambaddal samanyatah asahishnu asalelya methodist, baptist aanee itar church vyatirikt, rakheev jaganchi dekhrekh kwekar charchkade sopavanyat aalee. aarakshanala mohimanmadhye rupantarit karane heey california-mool american sambandhanmadhil mool rahivashanna samanya loksankhyet aatmasat karnyachya prayatnat vaparale jaanare pahile sadhan hote.
samvarti kayade.
bharatiyanchya sarkar aanee sanrakshanasathicha kayada haah 1855 madheel greaser kayada aanee 1850 chaa paradeshi khaan kamgar curr kayada (1851 madhye radd keela gela aanee 1852 madhye punha sthapit keela gela) yasarkhya california rajyat yaa kalat manjur jhalelya itar kayadyanchya anushangane aahe.
prabhav.
yaa kayadyacha californiachya bhagatil mool rahivashanchya loksankhyevar vinashkari parinam jhaala. sonyachya gardipurvi, rajyat 100,000 teey 150,000 moolche californiache lock rahat hote asey mhanane surakshit aahe. hinsacharachya yaa ghatananche sthan aanee manavadhikarankade durlaksh heey sadhyachya chalvalinmadhye mahattvapoorn jhaale aahe. sthanik gatanni tyaa thikanchya anyayachya itihasavar bharr dett, yaa lilavachya jaagecha vapar eka samanya nishedh sthal mhanoon keela aahe. kayadyachya tattvanchech kayamswarupi parinam hote aanee anekanni kayadyache mool radd karane durparyant manjur kele. amerikechya 15 vya durustila manyata midalyanantarhi, californiachya mool rahivashanna matdanacha adhikar denyat aala navhata, jyat serve americi nagarikanchya matdanachya adhikarachi pushti karnyat aalee hotee. 1924 chaa federal nagrikatva kayada manjur hoiparyant californiachya rahivashanna matdanacha adhikar denyat aala navhata.

