sanganakache anukaran

sanganakache anukaran hii ganiteey modelingchi prakriya aahe, jee sangankavar kelee jaate, jee vastavik jagachya kinwa bhautik pranalichya vartanacha kinwa parinamacha andaj lavnyasathi tayar kelee jaate. kahee ganiteey pratimanchi vishvasarhata tyanchya parinamanchi tulana tyanni andaj lavnyache uddisht asalelya vastavik jagachya parinamanshi karoon nishchit kelee jaau shakate. bhautikshastra (sanganakeey bhautikshastra), khagolbhautiki, havamanshastra, rasayanshastra, jivashastra aanee utpadan, tasech arthshastra, manasshastra, samajik vidnyan, aarogya seva aanee abhiyantrikimadhil manvi pranalinmadhil anek naisargik pranalinchya ganiteey modelingsathi sanganakache anukaran heey eka upayukt sadhan banale aahe. pranaliche anukaran heey pranalichya pratimeche chalane mhanoon darshavile jaate. yacha vapar naveen tantradnyanacha shodh ghenyasathi aanee naveen antardrushti midvinyasathi aanee vishleshanatmak upayansathi pranalichya kamgiricha andaj lavnyasathi keela jaau shakato.
sanganak anukaran heey ektar lahan asoo shakanare, jawaljawal lagech lahan upkarnanvar chalanare kinwa sanganakanchya jaale-aadharit gatanvar tasantas kinwa divas chalanare mothya pramanavaril karyakram chalavun sakarle jaate. sanganakachya anukaranadvare anukaran kelya kelya ghatananche praman paramparik kagad aanee pencil ganiteey modelingcha vapar karoon shakya asalelya konatyahi goshtipeksha (kinwa kadachit kalpana karnyayogya) khoop jaast aahe. 1997 madhye, eka sainyane itihas sainyavar aakraman kelyachya valvant-ladhaichya anukaranamadhye, dodd uchch karyakshamta asalelya sanganakachya aadhunikikaran karyakramat anek supercomputercha vapar karoon kuvetchya aaspaschya semulated bhupradeshavar 66,239 takya, truck aanee itar vahananche pratirupan samavisht hote.
itar udaharananmadhye bhautik vikrutiche 1 abj-anoo model samavisht aahe; 2005 madhye serve sajivanchya, ribosomechya, jatil prathine-utpadak avayavanche 2.64-million-atom model;
2012 madhye 'mycoplasma jananastra' chya jivanchakrache sampoorn anukaran; aanee meey 2005 madhye sampoorn manvi menduche, agadi aanvik pataliparyantche pahile sanganakeey anukaran tayar karnyasathi, eae. pii. eff. ell. (switzerland) yetheel nila mendu prakalp suru jhaala.
anukaranachya sanganakeey kharchamule, sanganakeey prayogancha vapar anishchitateche pramanan yasarkhe nishkarsh kadhanyasathi keela jaato.
anukaran viruddha model.
sanganakache model heey pranaliche vartan tipanyasathi vaparale jaanare algoridam aanee samikarane aahet. yaulat, sanganakache anukaran mhanje yaa samikaranancha kinwa algoridamcha samavesh asalelya programche pratyaksh chalane. tyamule anukaran hii eka pratikruti chalavanyachi prakriya aahe. asha prakare konihi 'anukaran tayar karnar nahee'; tyaeivaji, ekhada 'eka model (kinwa simulator) tayar karel' aanee nantar ektar 'model chalwell' kinwa tyasarkhe 'anukaran chalwell'.
itihas.
itihas mahayuddhatil manhatton prakalpadarmyan anusfot prakriyeche pratirup tayar karnyasathi mothya pramanat kelelya pahilya upayojananantar sanganakachya vegwan vadhisah sanganakache anukaran hatat haat ghaloon vikasit jhaale. monte carlo algoridamcha vapar karoon heey 12 katheen golanche anukaran hote. sanganakache anukaran heey sahasa modelling pranalinche purak kinwa paryay mhanoon vaparale jaate, jyasathi sadhe bund swarupache vishleshanatmak upay shakya naheet. sanganakachya anukarananche anek prakar aahet; tyanche samanya vaishishtya mhanje modelsathi pratinidhik paristhiticha namuna tayar karnyacha prayatna jyamadhye modelchya serve sambhavya avasthanchi sampoorn ganana nishiddha kinwa ashakya asel.
deta tayar karane.
anukaran aanee pratimanchya bahya mahitichya aavashyakta mothya pramanat badaltat. kahee lokansathi, input fakt kahee sankhya asoo shakate (udaharanarth, taravaril essie vijechya lahari swarupache anukaran), tarr itaranna terrabyte mahitichi aavashyakta asoo shakate (jase qee hawaman aanee hawaman model).
input srot dekhil mothya pramanat badaltatah
shevati, jyaa velee mahitee upalabdh aahe tee vel badalateh
yaa vividhatemule aanee vividh anukaran pranalinmadhye anek samaan ghatak asalyamule, mothya sankhyene vishesh anukaran bhasha aahet. sarvat prasiddha simula asoo shakate. aata itarahi anek aahet.
bahya strotankadun deta deta pranalinni tyanna kaay milat aahe heey jaanun ghetana khoop savadhgiri balgali pahije. majkoor kinwa dvisangi fayalinmadhil mulyanmadhye vachane sangankasathi sope asale taree mulyanchi achookata (mapan sankalp aanee achookatechya tulanet) kaay aahe heey jaanun ghene khoop katheen aahe. anekada teey 'error baar' mhanoon vyakt kele jaatat, jeey kharey moolya (apekshit) jyaa mulyachya shreneet aahe tyaa mulyachya shrenipasoon kiman aanee kamal vichalan aahe. digital sanganakache ganeet paripoorn naslyamule, goal aanee kapanichya truti yaa trutila gunakar karatat, tyamule anukaranadvare moolye utpadan ajunahi upayuktapane achook asel yachee pushti karnyasathi "truti vishleshan" karane upayukt aahe.
prakar.
sanganakachya pratimanche vargikaran anek swatantra jodyanchya gunadharmannusar kele jaau shakate, jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
modelche vargikaran karnyacha aanakhi eka marg mhanje antarnihit deta structure pahane. velechya payarivar payarivar anukaranansathi, done mukhya varg aaheth
samikarane pratikruti pranalichya ghatakanmadhil sambandh paribhashit karatat aanee pranali samatolat aahe ashee sthitee shodhanyacha prayatna karatat. gatishil anukaran karnyacha prayatna karnyapurvi eka sope modelling prakaran mhanoon, asha modelscha vapar anekada bhautik pranalinche anukaran karnyasathi keela jaato.
drushya.
purvi, sanganakachya anukaranatun milanara output deta kadhikadhi tablemadhye kinwa matrixmadhye sadar keela jaat asey, jyamadhye anukaran mapdandanmadhil asankhya badalanmule deta kassa prabhavit jhaala heey darshavile jaat asey. matricks swarupacha vapar ganiteey namunyanmadhye matricks sankalpanechya paramparik vaparashi sambandhit hota. tathapi, manasshastradnya aanee itaranni nondavale qee sanganak-nirmit-pratima (see. jee. aay.) enimeshandware pradarshit kelyapramane, aalekh kinwa agadi deta pasoon tayar kelelya halchal-pratima kinwa gatee-chitre pahoon manav cull patkan samajoo shakatat. jaree nirikshak sankhya vachoo shakat nasale kinwa ganitachi sutre uddhrut karoo shakat nasale, taree badalatya havamanachya taktache nirikshan kelyane teey paus-dhaganchya nirdeshankanchi sarani scan karnyapeksha khoop vegane ghatanancha andaj lavu shaktil (aanee "paus tyanchya dishene jaat hota heey pahaa"). asha tivra chitramay pradarshanamule, jeey sankhya aanee sutranchya jagala paar karat gele, kahivela asey utpadan dekhil hote jyat samanvay jaalicha abhav hota kinwa velchinhe vagalali gelee, janoo sankhyatmak mahitee pradarshanapasun khoop door bhatkat aahet. aaj, havamanachya andajasathiche namune, sankhyatmak nirdeshank aanee ghatananche sankhyatmak veleche thase thase nakashaviruddha, paus/barfachya dhaganmadhil halchalinche drushya santulit karatat.
tyachpramane, manjar scanche see. jee. aay. sanganak anukaran vaidyakeey upcharachya vistarit kalavadhit gaath kashee sankuchit houu shakate kinwa badaloo shakate yache anukaran karoo shakate, tumour badalat asatana drishyaman manvi dokyache firnare drushya mhanoon kalantarane sadar karate.
anukaran chalavatana badal hott asalyane, mothya pramanat deta gatishilpane chitratmakaritya pradarshit karnyasathi see. jee. aay. sanganakachya anukarananche itar anuprayog vikasit kele jaat aahet.
vidnyanat.
vidnyanatil sanganakachya anukarananchya prakaranchi samanya udaharane, jee antarnihit ganiteey varnanavarun ghetali gelee aaheth
sanganakachya anukarananchya vishisht udaharananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
vidnyanat vaparlya jaanarya ullekhaneey aanee kadhikadhi vadgrast sanganakachya anukarananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh donela medojche world 3, james lovelockche desiworld aanee thomas reche tyra.
samajik vidnyanat, sanganakache anukaran haah deta percolation paddhatidvare protsahan dilelya vishleshanachya paach konancha eka avibhajya ghatak aahe, jyamadhye gunatmak aanee parimanatmak paddhati, sahityache punaravalokan (vidvattapoorn) aanee tadnyanchya mulakhati yancha samavesh aahe aanee jeey deta trikonakartecha vistar karatat. arthat, itar konatyahi vaidnyanik paddhatipramanech, pratikruti haah sanganakeey pratirupanacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe 
vyavharik sandarbhanmadhye.
sanganakache anukaran vividh prakarchya vyavharik sandarbhanmadhye vaparale jaate, jase keeh
sanganak anukarananmadhye lock kitee vishvasarhata aanee vishvas thevatat heey anukaran pratimanachya vaidhatevar avalambun asate, mhanoon sanganakachya anukarananchya vikasat padtalani aanee pramanikaran heey mahattvapoorn aahe. sanganakachya anukaranancha aanakhi eka mahattvacha pailu mhanje parinamanchi punarutpadanakshamata, mhanje anukaran modelane pratyek amalbajavanisathi vegale uttar deu naye. jaree heey spasht vatoo shakate, taree yadruchchik anukarananmadhye haah eka vishesh laksh vedhanyacha muddah aahe, jithe yadruchchik sankhya pratyakshat ardh-yadruchchik sankhya asavyat. punarutpadanakshamatesathi apavad mhanje uddan anukarane aanee sanganakeey khelansarkhe manvi-inn-daad-loop anukarane. yethe manushya haah anukaranacha eka bhag aahe aanee asha prakare parinamanvar asha prakare prabhav padato qee achookpane punarutpadan karane katheen, ashakya nasale taree katheen aahe.
vahan utpadak naveen designsmadhil suraksha vaishishtyanchi chachani ghenyasathi sanganakache anukaran vapartat. bhautikshastra anukaran vatavaranat karchi prat tayar karoon, teey shekado hajaro dollarschee bachat karoo shakatat jeey anyatha eka adviteey namuna tayar karnyasathi aanee chachani karnyasathi aavashyak asateel. abhiyante pratikrutichya pratyek vibhagavar nemke taana dile jaat aahet heey nirdharit karnyasathi anukaran milisekandatun eka velee paul takoo shakatat.
sanganakachya anukaranache parinam pradarshit karnyasathi sanganakachya graphixcha vapar keela jaau shakato. animationcha vapar real-timemadhye anukaran anubhavanyasathi keela jaau shakato, udaa.jee., prashikshan anukarananmadhye. kahee prakarananmadhye animation heey real-timepeksha jalad kinwa real-time modapeksha qamee velet dekhil upayukt tharoo shakatat. udaharanarth, vastavik-velechya animationpeksha jalad, imarat rikami nishchit manavanchya anukaranat ranga tayar honyachya drushyasathi upayukt tharoo shakate. shivay, anukaran parinam anekada vaidnyanik drushyikaranachya vividh margancha vapar karoon sthir pratimanmadhye ektrit kele jaatat.
debuggingmadhe, chachani antargat program amalbajavaniche anukaran karane (moolatah karyanvit karnyaivaji) hardware swatach shodhu shakate tyapeksha barech adhik truti shodhu shakate aanee tyach velee, soochana trace, memory badal aanee soochana mojani yasarkhi upayukt debugging mahitee logg karoo shakate. heey tantra buffer overflo aanee tatsam "shodhane katheen" truti dekhil shodhu shakate tasech kamgirichi mahitee aanee tuning deta tayar karoo shakate.
dhoke.
jaree kadhikadhi sanganakachya anukarananmadhye durlaksh kele jaat asale, taree parinamanchi achookata yogyaritya samajoon ghetali gelee aahe yachee khatri karnyasathi sanvedansheelata vishleshan karane khoop mahatvache aahe. udaharanarth, telkshetra sanshodhan karyakramache yash nishchit nishchit ghatakanchya sambhavya jokhim vishleshanamadhye monte carlo paddhaticha vapar karoon vividh sankhyikeey vitarananmadhil namune ekatra karane samavisht aahe. udaharanarth, jarr eka pramukh mapdand (udaa.jee.teel-vahak staranche nivval gunottar) keval eka mahattvapoorn aakadyala dnyat aahe, tarr anukaranacha parinam eka mahattvapoorn aakadyapeksha adhik achook asoo shakat nahee, jaree too (dishabhul karnara) chaar mahattvapoorn aakadyansah sadar keela jaau shakato.

