pashtoon jamati

pashtoon jamati (), yaa pashtoon lokanchya jamati aahet, joou eka motha purvekadil irani vanshik gut aahe joou pashto bhasha vaparato aanee pashtunwali aacharsanhiteche palan karato. teey pramukhyane afghanistan aanee pakistanmadhye aadhaltat aanee 49 dashalakshahun adhik lock aanee 350 teey 400 jamati aanee kulancha samavesh asalela jagatil sarvat motha aadivasi samaj banatat. teey paramparikaritya chaar aadivasi mahasanghanmadhye vibhagale gele aaheth sarbani (), betani (), gharghashthi () aanee karlani ().
lokkathashastranusar pashtunanche vanshaj, kais abdur rasheed aanee tyache teen putra "sarban", "bett" aanee "gharghaks" () tasech dattak putra, jyala kais abdul rasheedane thet dattak ghetale nahee, asha mulancha shodh ghetat, tyamule pashtunanchya itihasavar lihilelya kahee pustakannusar, karlanchi swatachi aanee tyala dattak ghetalelya vyaktichi olakh ektar aspasht kinwa vadgrast aahe, carlani sangharajya kinwa muur barki, joou karlanicha purvaj banala.
pashtoon jamatinchya sanghataneche anek star aahet. jamaat' hii natesambandhanchya gatanmadhye vibhagali gelee aahe, jyapaiki pratyek 'khel' aanee 'zaee' aahe. khel' kinwa 'zaee' pudhe 'plarina' madhye vibhagali jaate, jyapaiki pratyekamadhye anek vistarit kutumbe asatat. mothya jamatit anekada dazanbhar upajatya asatat jyanche sadasya samajik paristhitinusar, sahkari, spardhatmak kinwa sangharshatmak asha tyanchya kutumbatil pratyek, kahee kinwa serve up-jamatinche sadasya mhanoon swatahla pahoo shakatat.
vyutpatti.
tarbar mhanje done kinwa adhik kulanmadhye vibhagaleli 'jamaat'. "pashtomadhye 'tarbar' mhanje 'chulat bhau', tyamule pashtoon sanskratit tarbar haah shatru asoo shakato aanee teey tumchi jameen kinwa malmatta tabyat gheu shakatat. pratyek pashtoon jamaat nantar upajatinmadhye vibhagali jaate, jyala "khel" kinwa "zaee" asehi mhanatat. "pashtomadhye 'zaee' mhanje 'vanshaj'.william krookne mhatale aahe qee 'khel' haah arabi shabd aahe jyacha arth 'sanghatana' kinwa 'company' assa hoto.
khel haah haah ekach gavat aadharit asato, parantu too anek gave kinwa shaharachya bhagasah mothya kshetravar dekhil aadharit asoo shakato.
plarina haah bactriy shabd 'plar' shhee sambandhit aahe, joou junya irani 'pidar' (bactriy aanee pashtomadhye, junya irani/δ/sahasa utpann/l/) pasoon aala aahe aanee sanskrut 'pitar' aanee ingraji 'father' shhee sambandhit aahe. plar' chey bahuvachan roop 'plarina' aahe. jevha 7 vee pidhi janmala yete, mhanje anek kutumbanche vadil (kahol), tevhach 'plarina' manale jaate. sadharanpane, satvya purvajanna deed shatkapasoon done shatake lagatat asey manale jaate. kull (bahuvachan 'kahol') heey pashtoon aadivasi vyavasthetil sarvat lahan ekak aahe, jyala 1. 'zamon' ('mule'), 2. 'lamasay/navasay' ('natwande'), 3. 'karvasay' ('panpoti') aanee 4. 'kaode' ('panpoti') yanchya purvajanchya navavarun naav denyat aale aahe. ekada chauthya pidhicha janm jhaala qee, tyala 'kutumb' kinwa 'kull' asey naav dile jaeel.
bolibhasha.
bettani lock vividh pashto bolibhasha bolatat. paktikachya aaspaschya madhya bhagatil ghilji kinwa (gharzai) madhyavarti pashto bolatat, hii eka anokhi dhvanyatmak vaishishtye asaleli bolibhasha aahe, jee pashtochya dakshin aanee uttarekadil bolibhashanmadhil sankramankalin aahe. lohani (rohani, nohani) maravat, tasech itar kahee lahan lodee jamati aanee bettani lock maravat lodee bettani boolii bolatat, jee dakshinekadil pashtochi vividhata aahe, tathapi, tyachi dhvanishastre dakshinekadil kandahari pashtopeksha vegali aahet. bettani mahasanghachi shirani jamaat aanakhi eka dakshinekadil bolibhasha bolate. uttarekadil betani kula uttar kinwa "katheen" pashto prakar bolatat. niyajichya kahee (parantu serve nahee) kulansah kahee bettani vanshanni pashto sodoon deela aahe. aaj teey urdu, hindco, saraiki, panjabi, daree yasarkhya itar bhasha bolatat.
ghargasti kakar naghar panni mandokhel aanee musakhel aanee itar lahan lock kweta zob aanee loralaichya aaspaschya pradeshat sthayik jhaale, jee eka 'mauu' pashto bolibhasha aahe jee kandahari pashtoshi khoop samya aahe. safee, kahee jaadoon aanee kahee itar kirkol uttarekadil gharghashthi jamati uttar kinwa "katheen" pashto prakar bolatat. swabichya bhovatichya mahaboon parvatachya utaranvar rahnare jaadoon pashto bolatat, tarr hajaramadhye rahnare pashto aanee hindco bolatat. safee jamatitil kahee kula pashai bhasha bolatat parantu teey bahutek pashtomadhye dvibhashik aahet.
carlani lock kahee sarvat vishisht pashto boolii bolatat jyaa manak pashto prakaranpeksha shabdikdrushtya bhinn aahet aanee dhvanidrushtya atishay vaividhyapurn aahet. shivay, carlani bolibhashanmadhye swaranchya uchcharat badal karanyachi pravrutti aahe. vishisht bolibhashenusar, manak pashto [aaa], [aaa], [oo], [yuu] anukrame [aaa], [Â/Â/oo], [Â/Â/eae], [aay] madhye badaloo shakatat. vaziristanchya carlani bolibhashanmadhye, bannu, taani (dakshin khost), tasech mangal, jeey swar badalache mothya pramanat anusaran karatat, yaa chaar swaranmadhye samanyatah anukrame [aaa], [oo], [eae], [aay] madhye badal hotat. karlaniche lokkatha purvaj ormur yanna tyanche naav naav waziristan aanee logarchya kahee gavanmadhye sthayik jhalelya ormur jamatinpaiki bahutek lock pashtopeksha vegali asaleli ormuri bhasha bolatat. tathapi, sarvasadharanpane ormur heey pashtomadhye, visheshtah vajirvolachya carlani bolimadhye dvibhashik aahet.
nairutya sarbani jamati, visheshtah durrani, pashtochi eka "mauu" boolii (kandahari pashto) bolatat; tarr gigyani jamaat, yusufzai khalil aanee mohmand jamati ii. sarkhya vayavya sarbani jamati bolatat.visheshtah teey pashtochi 'katheen' boolii (peshavari pashto) bolatat. yaa donhi uchchavargiy bolibhasha manalya jaatat. yavyatirikt, kvetachya poorves poorves sarbanichya tarin kulatil eka lahan gut vishisht vanetsi (tarino) boolii bolato, jee kahee aadhunik vidvananni swatachi bhasha mhanoon vargikrut karnyasathi pureshi vishisht manali aahe.
itihas.
pashtunanche mool aspasht aahe, parantu itihaskaranna itihaskaranna aanee pahilya sahasrabdidarmyan 'paksh' ('pactian') navachya vividh pracheen lokanche sandarbh midale aahet, jeey tyanche suruvatiche purvaj asoo shakatat. anekada yoddha aanee yuddh sharyat mhanoon darshavilele, tyancha itihas mukhytah dakshin aanee madhya aashiyatil vividh deshanmadhye pasarlela aahe, joou madhyayugeen afaganistanmadhil tyanchya paramparik sattechya kendravar kendrit aahe. eka siddhant asey suchavato qee aadhunik gilji vansh madhyayugeen khalaj kinwa khilji jamatitun aale aahet. tathapi, kahee betani vansh kahee pramanat madhyayugeen ghor lokanmadhun aalele asalyache mhatale jaate. bettani lokanna tyanche lokkatha nete kinwa purvaj, sheikh bett baba (jeey pashto bhashetil pahilya kavinpaiki asalyacha dawa keela jaato) yanchya navavarun naav denyat aale aahe, jeey logger aanee jurmat jurmat asalelya altamur parvataranget rahat hote. tyala gazanimadhye daphan karnyat aalyache sangitale jaate.
15 vya shatkat, bettani lock pramukhyane logger, jurmat aanee ghazni pradeshat rahat hote. tyanantar, tyanche anek vansh ishanyekade sthayik jhaale, teey daman khore, miyanwali aanee sadhyachya khaibar pakhtunkhvachya hajara vibhagacha kahee bhag, purvela pakistan aanee uttarela kunduz afaganistanchya kahee bhaganparyant pasarale. jhaali shatkat, bettani lokanchya paramparik jivanshailine hangami bhatkya kinwa ardh-aadivasipanachya chhotya pramanat sinchit shetila ekatra kele. teey unhalyat dongral utaranvar aanee ulat hivalyat induchya maidanakade pashupalan sthalantarat guntalele hote. hote shatkapasoon, vividh khilji rajvanshanni aanee sattadhari sansthanni bharatiy upkhandatil bangal aanee dilli saltanatinvar taba midavala.
15 vya shatkat, lodee jamatine lodee rajvanshachi sthapana kelee, jeey dilli saltanativar rajya karnare shevatche rajvansh hote. 16 vya shatkat, dilli yethe rajdhani asalelya suur samrajyachi sthapana betani mahasanghachya suur kulatil sadasya shher shaah suurii yane kelee hotee. 1709 teey 1738 darmyan, gilji jamatichya hotak kulane aadhi afaganistanatil kandahar yethe aanee nantar phaar thodya kalasathi parshiyatil isfahan yethe sthit hotak samrajyavar rajya kele.
16 vya shatkat, carlani jamatichya taaj khaan karranine karrani rajvanshachi sthapana kelee, jeey bangalchya saltanativar rajya karnare shevatche rajvansh hote. anek karlani kulanni mughal sainyat seva kelee. madhya bharatatil sadhyachya madhya pradesh rajyatil bhopal rajyachi sthapana 1723 madhye dost mohammed khaan mirazikhel yanni kelee hotee. too karlani jamatichya orakzai kulatil hota aanee mughal sainyat bhadotri hota. 1728 madhye tyachya mrutyunantar, tyache vanshaj, bhopalche nawab, 1949 madhye rajvanshacha shevatcha sarvbhoum nawab hamidullah khanane adhikrutpane rajya bharatat villin kareparyant rajyavar rajya karat rahile.
abdali" jamatichya sadojai kulatil ahmed shaah durranine (jyala aata tyachya navavarun "durrani" mhanoon olakhale jaate) 1747 madhye kandahar yethe rajdhanisah durrani samrajyachi sthapana kelee. ahmed shaah yanni 'durr-aii-durrani' ('motyancha motee' kinwa 'tyaa kalatil motee') hii padvi sweekarli aanee tyanchya nantar tyanchya jamatiche 'abdali' heey naav badaloon 'durrani' karnyat aale. ahmed shaah heey aata aadhunik afghanistan rajyache sansthapak manale jaatat. tyane paschimela khorasanpasun teey poorves kashmir aanee dilliparyant aanee uttarela amoo daryapasoon teey dakshines arabi samudraparyantchya bhaganvar niyantran thewale. 18 vya shatkachya uttaradhat heey dusare sarvat mothe muslim samrajya hote, jeey keval ottoman samrajyane aakarane mage takale.
1826 madhye durrani jamatichya barakzai kulatil dost mohammed khanane kabool yethe barakzai rajvanshachi sthapana kelee. barakzai rajgharanyane 1973 paryant sadhyachya afganistanavar rajya kele, jevha barakzaicha shevatcha raja mohammed zaheer shaah yala tyachach chulat bhau mohammed daud khaan yane raktaheen uthav karoon ulthoon takale. yaa uthavamule barakzai samrajyacha ant jhaala aanee afaganistanche prajasattak (1973-1978) sthapan jhaale. barakzai samrajyacha sadhyacha pratyaksh varas aanee yuvraj (23 julai 2007-sadhyacha) ahmed shaah khaan aahe.
dilli saltanatichya kalat, pashtoon lodee rajvanshane uttar bharatatil turkey shasakanchi jaaga ghetali. kahinni bangalchya saltanatitun rajya kele. kele shatkachya suruvatila swatantra rajya midvanyapurvi bahusankhya pashtunanni safavid aanee mughalanshi ladha deela, jyachi suruvat mirwais hotakchya yashasvi krantipasoon jhaali aanee tyanantar ahmed shaah durranichya vijayanni jhaali. jhaali aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatila, barakzai rajvanshane 'mahan khel' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya anglo-russian lashkari aanee rajnaitik sangharshamadhye swatahla balkat kelyache aadhalale. pashtoon haah afaganistanmadhil sarvat motha vanshik gut aahe aanee tyane 300 varshanhun adhik kaal pramukh vanshik-bhashik gut mhanoon rajya kele.

