motor teel

motor teel, engine teel kinwa engine vangan heey antargat jwalan enginanchya vanganasathi vaparlya jaanarya vividh padarthanpaiki eka aahe. tyat samanyatah vividh padarthansah vadhavaleli kshariy tele asatat, visheshtah antiware padarth, detergent, disparent aanee bahu-shrenichya telansathi, chikatpana nirdeshank sudharnare. motor oilche mukhya karya mhanje gharshan qamee karane aanee done bhaganvar ghasaghis karane aanee enginela gaal (dispersentsche eka karya) aanee warnish (detergent) pasoon swachchh karane. heey indhanapasun aanee vangan (detergent) chya oxidationpasoon udbhavnari aaml dekhil nishkriy karate, piston ringschee sealing sudharate aanee done bhaganpasun ushnata door gheuun engine thund karate.
varr namood kelelya moolbhut ghatakanvyatirikt, jawaljawal serve vangan telanmadhye ganj aanee auxidation avarodhak asatat. motor teel heey naun-detergent telachya babatit keval vangan bases stock kinwa telachi detergency, atyant daab karyakshamta aanee enginechya bhaganche ganj rokhanyachi kshamata sudharanyasathi vangan bases stock aanee yojakanni banalele asoo shakate.
petroleum-aadharit hydrocarbons, polalfaolephine (pao) kinwa tyanchya mishrananni banalelya kshariy telancha vapar karoon motor tele vividh pramanat misalali jaatat, kadhikadhi esterchya vajananusar 20 takkyanparyant, jeey padarth adhik changlya prakare virghalatat.
itihas.
6 september 1866 roji american johnn elisane satat teel shuddhikaran companychi sthapana kelee. kachchya telachya sambhavya upcharatmak shaktincha abhyas kartana dow. elisala konatehi kharey aushadhi moolya naan midalyane nirash jhaale, parantu tyachya sambhavya vangan gunadharmanmule tyala utsukata lagali. akheris tyanni vaidyakeey sarav sodoon, vafechya enginancathi serve-petroleum, uchch-chikatpana vangan vikasit karnyasathi aapala vel deela-jeey tyaa velee petroleum aanee prani aanee bhajipalyachya charbiche akaryaksham sanyojan vaparat hote. uchch tapmanavar prabhavipane kaam karnare teel vikasit kelyavar tyane aapali pragati kelee. yacha arth qamee ghatt kelele zadap aanee kharab jhalele nalake.
vapara.
motor oil heey antargat jwalan enginanmadhye vaparale jaanare vangan aahe, jeey qaar, motorcycle, launmovers, engine-generator aanee itar anek yantranna urja detat. enginemadhye asey bhag asatat jeey ekmekanviruddha firatat aanee bhaganmadhil gharshanamule gatij urjeche ushnatet rupantar karoon upayukt shakti vaya jaate. teey tyaa bhaganna dekhil nasht karate, jyamule enginechi karyakshamta qamee houu shakate aanee engineche avmoolyan houu shakate. yogya vanganamule indhanacha vapar qamee hoto, vaya jaanari shakti qamee hote aanee engineche dirghayushya vadhate.
vangan telamule shejarchya done bhaganchya prushthbhaganvar eka vegali puttle tayar hote, jenekarun tyanchyamadhil thet sampark qamee hoil, gharshan ushnata qamee hoil aanee ghasaghis qamee hoil, jyamule engineche sanrakshn hoil. vaparat asatana, motor teel enginemadhun vahate tevha teey vahanadvare ushnata hastantarit karate. punarparichalan teel pump asalelya enginemadhye, hii ushnata teel panchya bahya prushthbhagavaril havechya pravahadvare, teel shitkadvare havechya pravahadvare aanee sakaratmak crankcase vayuvijan (pii. see. vhee.) pranalidware baher kadhalelya teel vayundvare hastantarit kelee jaate. aadhunik punarparichalan pump samanyatah pravasi qaar aanee samaan kinwa mothya aakarachya itar enginanmadhye puravale jaatat, tarr ekoon-nuksan teel lavane haah eka rachana paryay aahe joou lahan aanee laghu enginanmadhye lokpriy aahe.
petrol (petrol) enginanmadhye, varchya piston ringmule motor teel tapmanat ughad houu shakate. dizzell enginemadhye, varchya ringmule teel tapmanat ughade padoo shakate. yaa uchch tapmanat uchch chikatpana nirdeshank asaleli motor tele qamee patal hotat.
dhatuche bhag telane aachchhadit kelyane teey oxygenchya samparkat yenyapasoon dekhil rokhatat, jyamule jaast karyarat tapmanat auxidation rokhale jaate aanee ganj kinwa ganj rokhata yeto. motor telat ganj avarodhak dekhil jodale jaau shakatat. engine swachchh thevanyasathi aanee telachya galanchi vaadh qamee karnyasathi anek motor telanmadhye detergent aanee disparent dekhil jodale jaatat. teel aantarik prushthbhagavar jamaa honyaeivaji, swatamadhye jwalanapasun kalikh adakavu shakate. heey aanee kahee ganyanche sanyojan aahe jeey kahee dhavlyanantar vaparlele teel kaale hote.
dhatuchya enginechya bhaganna cholalyane prushthbhagachya ghasoon kahee sookshm dhatuche kann nirman hotat. asey kann telat pasaru shakatat aanee done bhaganviruddha daloo shakatat, jyamule teey kharab houu shakatat. telamadhye kann jamaa jhalyamule, teey samanyatah hanikarak kann kadhoon taknyasathi teel filterdware prasarit kele jaate. eka teel pump, injindware chalavala jaanara eka falak kinwa gear pump, teel filters sampoorn enginemadhye teel pump karato. teel filter haah 'purn pravah' kinwa 'bipass' prakar asoo shakato.
vahan enginechya crankkessmadhye, motor oil crankshaft journal bearings (mukhya bearings aanee bigg-end bearings) aanee pistonla crankshaftshee aanee rods darmyan firnare kinwa sarkanare prushthbhag vangan karate. crankkesachya talashi asalelya teel bhandyat kinwa sampumadhye teel gola hote. lonn mover enginesarkhya kahee lahan enginanmadhye, aanee rodchya talashi asalele dipper talashi asalelya telat budavtat aanee aatalya bhaganna chikatavanyasathi aavashyakatenusar teey crankkesabhovati shimpadatat. aadhunik vahan enginanmadhye, teel pump teel panmadhun teel gheto aanee teey teel filterdware teel gallerymadhye pathavato, jyatoon teel mukhya niyatkalikanmadhye crankshaft dharoon mukhya bearings aanee zadap zadap camshaft bearingsche vangan karate. vishisht aadhunik vahananmadhye, teel gallerypasoon mukhya bearingparyant teel dabane bharalele crankshaftchya mukhya niyatkalikanmadhye chhidre pravesh karatat.
mukhya niyatkalikanmadhil yaa chhidranmadhun, teel crankshaftchya aateel marganmadhun jaat rodd journalsmadhil chhidranmadhun baher padnyasathi rodd bearings aanee aanee rodd chikatavanyasathi jaate. kahee sopya rachana yaa vegane vegane bhaganvar avalambun asatat, jyamule piston rings aanee cylinderchya aateel prushthbhaganmadhil sampark prushthbhaganvar shimpadane aanee vangan ghalane shakya hote. tathapi, aadhunik rachnamadhye, rodd bearingspasoon rodd-piston jodanyaparyant teel vahoon nenare aanee piston rings aanee cylinderchya aateel prushthbhaganmadhil sampark prushthbhag chikatavanare rodmadhun marg dekhil aahet. heey teel puttle, nalakachya mathyatil jwalan kakshala crankkespasoon vegale karnyasathi, piston ring aanee nalakachya bhintinmadhil shikka mhanoon dekhil kaam karate. tyanantar teel punha teel bhandyat khalee shimpadate.
motor teel sheetak agent mhanoon dekhil kaam karoo shakate. kahee enginemadhye uchch-tapman tanatoon vikalya vishisht bhaganna thund karnyasathi crankkesachya aateel nojaldware pistanvar telachi favarani kelee jaate. dusarikade, teel sathyachi aushnik kshamata bharavi lagel, i.eae. jaast bharakhali engineche sanrakshn karnyapurvi telala tyachya rachanechya tapmanachya shreniparyant pohochave lagate. yala samanyatah mukhya sheetak ghatak paanee kinwa tyache mishran tyachya karyarat tapmanaparyant garam karnyapeksha jaast vel lagato. teel tapmanabaddal chalkala mahitee denyasathi, kahee junya aanee sarvat uchch-karyakshamta asalelya kinwa sharyatichya enginemadhye teel thermometer asato.
enginechya puresha telashivay antargat jwalan engineche satatche karya enginela nuksan pohochavu shakate, pratham kharab aanee ashrumule aanee atyant gambhir prakarananmadhye "engine japti" mule jethe vangan aanee sheetalata naslyamule engineche kaam achanak thambate. engine japtimule engine yantraneche mothya pramanat nuksan houu shakate. 
gair-vahan motor tele.
eka udaharan mhanje chaar-stroke kinwa chaar-chakr antargat jwalan enginesathi teel vangan karane, jase qee portable veej generatormadhye vaparale jaanare aanee lonn moverschya mage chalane. dusare udaharan mhanje snow bloers, cheen aars, model viman, hays treamer, leaf bloers aanee maatee utpadak yansarkhya petrolvar vastavik bagkam upkarnanmadhye upkarnanmadhye too-stroke kinwa too-cycle antargat jwalan enginanchya vanganasathi too-stroke teel. teel, yaa motor vahanapramanech seva tapmanachya vistrut shrenichya samparkat yet naheet, mhanoon hii tele eka snigdhata teel asoo shakatat.
done-strokechya chhotya enginanmadhye, teel petrol kinwa indhanasah purv-misalale jaau shakate, bahutekda samruddha petrolmadhyeh 25:1,40:1 kinwa 50:1 chey teel gunottar, aanee petrols vaparat jaalale jaate. boaty aanee motorcyclinmadhye vaparlya jaanarya mothya done-stroke enginemadhye petrolmadhye teel purv-misalanyaivaji adhik kifayatshir teel injection pranali asoo shakate. snobloar aanee trolling motorsarkhya anuprayoganmadhye vaparlya jaanarya lahan enginanvar teel injection pranali vaparali jaat nahee kaaran teel injection pranali lahan enginancathi khoop mahag aahe aanee upkarnanvar khoop jaast jaaga gheil. yaa upkarananchya vaiyaktik garjannusar telache gunadharm badaltil. dhoomrapan naan karnari done-strokechi tele ester kinwa polyglycolsne banaleli asatat. vishrantichya sagari upayogansathi, visheshtah europemadhye, paryavaraniy kayadyane ester-aadharit done chakr teel vaparnyas protsahan dile.
malmatta.
bahutek motor tele kachchya telapasoon midavalelya judd, jaad petroleum hydrocarbon bases stockpasoon tayar kelee jaatat, jyat kahee gunadharm sudharanyasathi jodani asatat. vishisht motor telachya mothya pramanat prati renu 18 teey 34 carbon anoo asalele hydrocarbon asatat. done bhaganmadhye vangan putt rakhanyasathi motor telachya sarvat mahattvachya gunadharmanpaiki eka mhanje tyachi chikatpana. dravachi chikatpana hii tyachi "jaadi" kinwa tyachya pravahas asalelya pratikarshaktiche mojmap mhanoon vicharat ghetali jaau shakate. chikatpana vangan putt rakhanyaitka jaast asala pahije, parantu itka qamee asava qee serve paristhitinmadhye enginechya bhagambhovati teel vahoo shakel. tapmanat badal hott asatana telachi chikatpana kitee badalate yache mojmap mhanje chikatpana nirdeshank hoy. uchch chikatpana nirdeshank darshavito qee qamee chikatpana nirdeshankapeksha tapmananusar chikatpana qamee badalato.
engine suru kelyavar done bhaganmadhil dhatucha dhatushi sampark qamee karnyasathi motor telala apekshit asalelya sarvat qamee tapmanavar puresa pravah milane aavashyak aahe. pour bindu" neey pratham motor telacha haah gunadharm paribhashit keela, jyachi vyakhya aii. ess. tii. emm. emm neey kelee aahe "...tyachya upayuktatechya sarvat qamee tapmanacha nirdeshank..."dilelya anuprayogasathi, parantu sheet-cranking simulator (see. see., aii. ess. tii. emm. dii. <aay. dii. 1> pahaa) aanee laghu-rotarii viscommeter (emm. aar. vhee., aii. ess. tii. emm. dii. <aay. dii. 2> (2007), aii. ess. tii. emm. dii. <aay. dii. 3> pahaa) heey aaj motor oil speksmadhye aavashyak asalele gunadharm aahet aanee motor vahan abhiyantyanchya (ess. aii. eae.) vargikarananchya samajachi vyakhya karatat.
teel heey mukhyatve hydrocarbonanpasoon banalele asate jeey prajvalit jhalyas jaloo shakate. motor telacha aanakhi eka mahattvacha gunadharm mhanje tyacha flash point, sarvat qamee tapman jyavar teel waf sodate jee prajvalit karoo shakate. motormadhil teel petane aanee jalane dhokadayak aahe, mhanoon uchch flash point ichchaniy aahe. petroleum refinerymadhye, apoorn aasavan heey motor telachya anshala itar kachchya telachya anshanpasun vegale karate, adhik asthir ghatak kadhoon takte aanee tyamule telacha flash point vadhavate (jalanyachi tyachi pravrutti qamee karate).
motor telacha aanakhi eka hatalalela gunadharm mhanje tyacha ekoon aadhar kramank (tii. bii. aine.), joou telachya rakheev ksharatvache mojmap aahe, mhanje aamlanna nishprabhavi karanyachi tyachi kshamata. parinami honare praman mii. gra. koh/(vanganche gramm) mhanoon nirdharit kele jaate. tyachpramane, ekoon aaml sankhya (tanne) heey vanganatil aamlatache mojmap aahe. itar chachanyanmadhye zink, phosphorus kinwa gandhak samagri aanee jastiche phoom chachani yancha samavesh hoto.
noek asthiratechi chachani (aii. ess. tii. emm. dii.-5800) uchch tapman sevemadhye vangananchya bhautik bashpibhavnache nuksan nirdharit karate. api sl aanee ilsack gf-3 vaishishtyanchi purtata karnyasathi jastit jaast 14 takke bashpibhavnache nuksan manya aahe. kahee vahan om telachya vishisht vaishishtyansathi 10 takkyanpeksha qamee aavashyak asate.
vishisht naan vaparlelya engine telachya aushnik aanee bhautik gunadharmanchi saranih
snigdhata shreni.
motorgadi abhiyantyanchya sansthene (ess. aii. eae.) motor telanchya chikatpanachya vaishishtyannusar shrenikaran karnyasathi eka sankhyatmak sanket pranali sthapit kelee aahe, jyala sej 300 mhanatat. heey manak samanyatah jagbharat vaparale jaate aanee asey samayik manak sansthanmadhye api aanee esiya yancha samavesh hoto. shrenimadhye ess. aii. eae. 30 sarkhya ekal shreni aanee ess. aii. eae. eae sarkhya bahu-shreni samavisht aahet. bahu-shrenimadhye thund tapmanat chikatpana nirdisht karnara hiwali shreni aanee karyarat tapmanat chikatpana nirdisht karnara hiwala nasalela shreni asato. polymeric viscosity index improver (vii) vaparoon engine telala bahu-shreni mhanoon vargikrut karane aavashyak aahe. 
motorcyclechya vaparat, jethe pareshan motors vangan teel samayik karoo shakate, katarane antargat vhee. aay. ess. chey vighatan hii chintechi baab aahe. yaa karanastav, kadhikadhi motorcycle-vishisht telachi shifaras kelee jaate. kamitakami eka grahak sansthene uchch kimmatichya motorcycle-vishisht telachya garjes dekhil aavhan dile aahe.
dekhbhal.
 
teel aanee teel filter veloveli badalane aavashyak aahe; yaa prakriyela teel badal mhanatat. niyamit teel badal aanee dekhbhalichya aaspas eka sampoorn udyog aahe, teel badal heey tulanene sope qaar dekhbhal operation aahe jeey anek qaar malak swatah karoo shakatat. yaat enginemadhun teel drip panmadhye kadhoon takane, filter badalane aanee taje teel ghalane samavisht aahe.
enginemadhye, antargat jwalan utpadananna telacha kahisa sampark asato aanee operation darmyan kalya kalikhatoon sookshm kokche kann telat jamaa hotat. tasech, dhatuchya enginechya bhaganchya ghasoon prushthbhagachya ghasoon kahee sookshm dhatuche kann tayar hotat. asey kann telat pasaru shakatat aanee bhagachya prushthbhagavar daloo shakatat jyamule teey kharab houu shakatat. teel filter anek kann aanee gaal kadhoon takte, parantu akheris, teel filter atyant dirgh kalavadhisathi vaparlyas bund houu shakato.
motor teel aanee visheshtah yojak padarthanche aushnik aanee yantrik ksharan dekhil hote, jyamule telachi chikatpana aanee rakheev alcalinity qamee hote. qamee chikatpana asatana, teel engine vangan karnyas saksham nasate, tyamule kharab hone aanee jaast garam honyachi shakyata vadhate. rakheev ksharata mhanje aaml nirmitila virodh karanyachi telachi kshamata. jarr rakheev ksharata shunyavar aalee tarr tee aaml rachana karatat aanee enginela kharab karatat.
kahee engine utpadak konatya society auph automotive engineers (ess. aii. eae.) chee chikatpana shreniche teel vaparave heey nirdisht karatat, parantu vegvegalya chikatpanache motor teel karyasheel vatavaranachya aadhare adhik changli kamgiri karoo shakate. anek utpadakanchya vegvegalya garja asatat aanee tyanna vaparnyasathi aavashyak asalelya motar telachi nave asatat. heey eae. pii. aii. chya garajenusar chalate qee emm. pii. jee. chachanimadhye vaparlelya telachya tyach chikatpana shrenichi shifaras grahakala kelee jaane aavashyak aahe. yaa vishesh shifarshimule hawaman tapmanachi shreni darshavinare mahitipurn takte aanee anek sambandhit teel snigdhata shreni suchavanyat aalya.
sarvasadharanpane, utpadakane nirdisht kelyashivay, jaad teel heey patal telanpeksha changle asane aavashyak nahee; judd teel done done prushthbhaganmadhil bhaganvar jaast kaal chikatoon rahate aanee yamule teel adhik changle changle halakya telapeksha vegane qamee hote, jyamule taje teel tyachya jaagi lavkar yeu shakate. thund havamanacha paramparik telavar ghatt honara parinam hoto aanee heey eka kaaran aahe qee thund hiwala asalelya thikani patal telanchi utpadakanchi shifaras kelee jaate.
motar teel badal sahasa sevetil velevar kinwa vahanane pravas kelelya antarachya aadhare niyojit kele jaatat. teel badal yogya kevha hoto yavar niyantran niyantran vastavik ghatakanche heey sthool sanket aahet, jyat teel kitee kaal unch tapmanavar chalavale gele aahe, engine kitee tapchakranmadhun gele aahe aanee engine kitee mehnat ghetali aahe yacha samavesh aahe. vahanache antar uchch tapmanavaril velecha andaj lavnyacha hetu aahe, tarr sevetil vel vahanachya vahanachya sankhyeshi sambandhit aahe aanee garam karnyachya chakranchi sankhya capture karane apekshit aahe. thund enginemadhye basoon teel lakshaniyaritya qamee hott nahee. dusarikade, jarr ekhadi gaadee agadi qamee antarasathi chalavali gelee tarr teel purnapane garam honar nahee aanee paanee ukalanyasathi pureshi ushnata naslyamule teey panyasarkhe dooshit padarth jamaa karel. yaa sthiteet teel, fakt enginemadhye basoon, samasya nirman karoo shakate.
vaparlelya telachi gunavatta dekhil mahattvachi aahe, visheshtah krutrim padarthansathi (krutrim padarth heey paramparik telanpeksha adhik sthir asatat). kahee utpadak yala sambodhit karatat (udaharanarth, bmw aanee wheedblue tyanchya sambandhit dirghayushya mankansah), tarr itar karat naheet.
alp antar antar alp-pravas chalkansathi vel-aadharit antar karanibhoot asate, jyamule adhik dooshit padarth tayar hotat. utpadakanni motar teel badalanyasathi tyanchya velepeksha kinwa antar-chalit antarapeksha jaast naan jaanyacha sallah deela aahe. anek aadhunik qaar aata teel aanee filter badalanyasathi kahise uchch antar soochibaddha karatat, jyamadhye "gambhir" sevechya nirbandhasathi aadarshpeksha qamee vahan chalavatana adhik varanvar badal aavashyak asatat. heey khalchya chhotya chhotya lagoo hote, jethe teel sankshepan, atirikt indhan aanee itar pradushan jeey "gaal", "warnish", "aaml" kinwa itar sathyankade netat teey ukalanyaitake purn karyarat tapmanaparyant pohochat nahee. anek utpadkankade aar. pii. emm., tapman aanee pravasachi lambi yasarkhya telachya sthiticha andaj lavnyasathi engine sanganakachi ganana asate; eka pranali enginemadhil telachi spashtata nirdharit karnyasathi optical sensor jodate. yaa pranalinna samanyatah ess kinwa olms mhanoon olakhale jaate.
kahee jalad teel badalanyachi dukane darr teen mahinyanni kinwa darr teen mahinyanni antar thevanyachi shifaras karatat; anek vahan utpadakanchya matey heey aavashyak nahee. yamule california eae. pii. aii. neey "3,000 mailanchya mithakachya" virodhat moheem rabavali aahe, jyamule teel badal udhyogachya tulanet teel badalanchya antarasathi vahan utpadakanchya shifarshinna protsahan midale aahe.
engine vaparkarta, teel badaltana, sabhovatalachya tapmanatil badalasathi chikatpana samayojit karoo shakato, unhalyachya ushnatesathi jaad aanee hivalyatil thandisathi patal. naveen vahananmadhye qamee chikatpanachi tele samanya aahet.
1980 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, pramukhyane indhan karyakshamta sudharanyasathi, shifaras keleli chikatpana 5 doubleu-30 paryant khalee aalee hotee. eka vaishishtyapurn aadhunik vapar mhanje honda motorcha 5 doubleu-20 (aanee tyanchya naveen vahananmadhye, 0 doubleu-20) chikatpana telacha vapar. pramukhyane cam aanee zadap yantrana kshetranmadhye, dhatupasoon dhatuparyantchya atireki gharshanas dhoka naan hota qamee chikatpanachya telancha vapar karnyas parvanagi denyasathi enginechya rachana vikasit hott aahet. qaar utpadakanni changlya indhan arthvyavasthechya shodhat yaa qamee chikatpanachya dishene kelelya prayatnanchya anushangane, 2 april 2013 roji motor vahan abhiyantyanchya societyne (sae) ess. aii. eae. 16 chikatpanache moolyankan sadar kele, jeey tyachya paramparik '10 neey vibhajya' kramankan pranalipasoon eka viram aahe, kaaran tyachya uchch-tapman chikatpanachya manankanasathi jeey qamee-chikatpana ess. aii. eae. 20 teey uchch-chikatpana ess. aii. eae. 60 paryant pasarlele aahe.
manke.
american petroleum institute (api).
engine vangananche moolyankan american petroleum institute (api), esje, sl, sm, sn, sp, ch-4, ci-4, ci-4 plus, seeje-4, seeke aanee fa, tasech aantarrashtriy vangan manakikaran aanee manyata samitee (ayalsak) gf-3, gf-4, gf-5, gf-5, gf-6aii aanee cummins, mack aanee johnn dier (aanee itar mool upkarane utpadak (oem)) chya aavashyaktannusar kele jaate. yaa mulyankananmadhye bench chachani paddhatincha vapar karoon rasayanik aanee bhautik gunadharm tasech engine gaal, auxidation, ghatak ghasa, telacha vapar, pistonche sathe aanee indhan bachat yanche praman nirdharit karnyasathi vastavik vastavik engine chachanyancha samavesh hoto. moolatah spark ignitionsathi ess aanee see, dizzell enginemadhye vaparlyapramane, sampidansathi. anek teel utpadak ajunahi tyanchya vipananat yaa shrenincha sandarbh detat.
api vanganasathi kiman kamgiri manke nishchit karate. motor oilcha vapar antargat jwalan enginanchya vangan, shitkaran aanee safsafaisathi keela jaato. bahutek vela aprachalit asalelya naun-detergent telachya babatit motor oilmadhye keval vangan bases stock kinwa telachi detergency, atyant daab karyakshamta aanee enginechya bhaganche ganj rokhanyachi kshamata sudharanyasathi vangan bases stock aanee yojak asoo shakatat.
gatah
vangan bases stocksche epiaaydvare paach gatanmadhye vargikaran kele jaate. gut 1 aadhar satha haah anshatah aasavanit petroliumpasoon banalela asato, joou auxidation pratikarshakti aanee menn kadhoon takane yasarkhya vishisht gunadharmanmadhye sudharana karnyasathi dravak nishkarshan prakriyesah aanakhi parishkrut keela jaato. kharab shuddha khanij tele jee gut I madhye aavashyak asalelya kiman 80 chya vi chee purtata karnyat ayashasvi hotat, tyaa gut V madhye basatat. gut II chaa moolbhut satha haah anshatah aasavanit petroliumpasoon banalela asato, joou adhik shuddha karnyasathi aanee shuddha karnyasathi hydrocrack keela gela aahe. gut III bases stoxchee vaishishtye gut II bases stoxsarkhich aahet, tyaa gut III bases stoxchee vaishishtye jaast chikatpana nirdeshank asaleli aahet. gut III bases stocks heey gut II bases stocks kinwa hydroisomerised slack menn (gut I aanee II devaxing prakriya up-utpadan) yanchya pudhil hydrocrackingdware tayar kele jaatat. gut 4 bases stock heey polyalfaolephine (paos) aahet. gut 5 haah konatyahi bases stocksathi catch-aul gut aahe jyache varnan gut I teey IV dware kelele nahee. gut 5 bases stockschya udaharananmadhye polyolester (poe), polyalkillin glycoles (pagg) aanee perfluoropolialkilethers (pii. eff. pii. aii.) aanee kharab parishkrut khanij teel yancha samavesh hoto. gut I aanee II laa samanyatah khanij teel mhanoon sambodhale jaate, gut III laa samanyatah krutrim mhanoon sambodhale jaate (germany aanee japanmadhye vagalata, jethe tyanna krutrim mhatale jaau naye) aanee gut IV heey krutrim teel aahe. gut wii bases tele itaki vaividhyapurn aahet qee serve catche varnan nahee.
api seva varganmadhye done samanya vargikaran aaheth 'seva/spark ignition' sathee 'ess' (samanya pravasi qaar aanee petrol engine vaparoon halake truck) aanee 'vyavsayik/sampidan ignition' sathee 'see' (vishisht dizzell upkarane). chachani kelele aanee api manakanchi purtata karnare engine teel, teel vaparkartyanna vikalya vikalya containervar seva shreneensah api seva chinh (jyala 'donut' asehi mhanatat) pradarshit karoo shakate.
petrol automobile aanee halakya truck enginesathi api sp hii navintam api seva shreni aahe. ess. pii. manak mhanje prayogshala aanee engine chachanyanchya samoohacha sandarbh, jyamadhye uchch-tapman sathyanchya niyantranasathi navintam malikecha samavesh aahe. sadhyachya api seva shreninmadhye petrol enginancathi sp, sn, sm, sl aanee esje yancha samavesh aahe. purvichya serve seva shreni aprachalit aahet. motorcycle telanmadhye ajunahi samanyatah ess. eff./ess. jee. manak vaparale jaate.
utprerak parivartkanvar phosphoruschya rasayanik vishbadhemule serve sadhyachya petrolchya shreninmadhye (aprachalit ess. etch. saha) vishisht ess. aii. eae. chikatpana shrenisathi (ex. doubleu.-20, ex. doubleu.-30) phosphoruschya samagrivar maryada ghatalya aahet. phosphorus haah motor telatil eka pramukh paridhanvirodhi ghatak aahe aanee too samanyatah jast diethiophosphate (zed. dii. pii.) swarupat motor telat aadhalato. pratyek naveen api shrenine phosphorus aanee jast maryada kramakramane qamee kelya aahet aanee asha prakare junya enginancathi, visheshtah sliding (sapat/fatalele) tappet asalelya enginancathi aavashyak asalelya aprachalit telancha eka vadgrast muddah nirman jhaala aahe. jagatil bahutansh pramukh vahan/engine utpadakanche pratinidhitva karnare api aanee ilsack heey rajya api ess. emm./ilsack jee. eff.-4 purnapane mage susangat aahe aanee heey lakshat yete qee api ess. emm. sathee aavashyak asalelya engine chachanyanpaiki eka, anukram aay. vhee. aii., visheshtah cam paridhan sanrakshanasathi chachani karnyasathi eka sliding tappet design aahe. pratyekjan mage valalelya susangatateshi sahmat nahee aanee yavyatirikt, vishesh paristhiti aahet, jase qee "kamgiri" engine kinwa purnapane sharyatit bandhaleli engine, jithe engine sanrakshn aavashyakta api/ilsack aavashyaktanpeksha jaast aanee palikade aahet. yamule, bajarat vishesh teel upalabdh aahe, jyat aii. pii. aay. parvanagi asalelya phosphoruschya patalipeksha jaast aahe. 1985 purvi bandhanyat aalelya bahutek enginanmadhye sapat/cleave bearing shailichya bandhkam paddhati asatat, jyaa zink aanee phosphorus qamee karnyasathi sanvedanshil asatat. udaharanarth, api esji rait kelelya telanmadhye, zink aanee phosphorousathi heey 1200-1300 ppm staravar hote, jethe sadhyache sm 600 ppmpeksha qamee aahe. telatil paridhanvirodhi rasayananmadhil yaa ghatmule anek junya vahananmadhye camshaft aanee itar uchch daab asalelya bearingsche akali apayash aale aahe aanee kahee aadhunik enginanmadhye camshaft gears jodalelya oil pump drive/cam sthitee sensor gearchya akali apayshasathi doshi dharale gele aahe.
sadhyache dizzell engine seva prakar mhanje aii. pii. aay. see. keey.-4, see. jeey.-4, see. aay.-4 plus, see. aay.-4, see. etch.-4 aanee eff. aii.-4. aii. pii. aay. see. see. kinwa see. dii. sarkhya aadhichya seva prakar aprachalit aahet. apine api ci-4 saha samasya sodavanyasathi eka swatantra api ci-4 adhik shreni tayar kelee jyamadhye kahee atirikt aavashyakta aahet-heey chinhankan api seva chinh 'donut' chya khalchya bhagat aahe.
2017 modelchya american enginesathi api seeke-4 aanee fa-4 sadar karnyat aale aahet. api seeke-4 heey mage valanare susangat aahe, yacha arth api seeke-4 tele mageel shreninmadhye banavalelya telanpeksha utkrusht kamgiri pradan karatat asey manale jaate aanee mageel serve model enginanmadhye konatyahi samasyeshivay vaparali jaau shakatat (parantu khalee phorda pahaa).
api fa-4 tele vegali aahet (mhanunach apine api sx aanee api cx vyatirikt eka naveen gut suru karnyacha nirnay ghetala). aii. pii. aay. eff. aii.-4 telanchi rachana vadhiv indhan bachat (qamee haritgruh vayoo utsarjan mhanoon sadar) sathee kelee jaate. teey sadhya karnyasathi, teey seey exdablue-30 tele aahet jee 2.9 see. pii. teey 3.2 see. pii. paryant uchch tapmanat uchch katarane chikatpana madhye misalali jaatat. teey serve enginancathi yogya naheet, tyamule tyancha vapar pratyek engine utpadakachya nirnayavar avalambun asato. 15 ppmpeksha jaast sulfur asalelya dizzell indhanasah tyancha vapar keela jaau shakat nahee.
cumminsney api seeke-4 aanee api fa-4 chya parichayas pratisad dett, tyachi ces 20086 chee api seeke-4 nondanikrut telanchi yadee aanee ces 20087 chee api fa-4 nondanikrut telanchi yadee jaaree kelee. volvolin telanna pradhanya dile jaate.
phorda tyachya lahan dizzell enginemadhye eff. aii.-4 motor oilchi shifaras karate, udaharanarth 3 litter dizzell engines eff-150 aanee 2 litter dizzell engines sankraman. fordcha vishishtata kramank kramank aahe.
fordney 3.2 ell aanee 6.7 ell phorda dizzell engine tasech junya 4,5 ell, 6.0 ell, 6,4 ell aanee 7.3 ell phorda dizzell enginemadhye phorda tapasheel tapasheel 1 purn karnari motor oilchi shifaras kelee aahe. phorda manyataprapt telanchi yadee prakashit karate aanee bahutek see. keey.-4 tele yaa yadeet aahet. 
engine oil heey eka vishisht api seva shrenichi purtata karnyasathi tayar kele jaatat, parantu teey pratyakshat petrol aanee dizzell yaa donhi shreninshi agadi jawalun julatat. asha prakare dizzell rated engine oilmadhye samanyatah sambandhit petrol shreni asatat, udaa.jee. api seeje-4 teel containervar ektar api sl kinwa api ess. emm. dakhavu shakate. niyam assa aahe qee, pahilya namood kelelya shrenichi purnapane purtata kelee jaate aanee aanee purn purtata kelee jaate, parantu jethe tyachya garja pahilya shrenichya garja purn karatat.
motorcycle teel.
api teel vargikaran sanrachanene tyanchya varnananmadhil ole-clutch motorcycle anuprayogansathi vishisht samarthan kadhoon takale aahe aanee api esje aanee naveen telancha ullekh automobile aanee halakya truckchya vaparasathi vishisht asalyache mhatale jaate. tyanusar, motorcyclechi tele tyanchya swatachya adviteey manakanchya adheen aahet. khalee jaso pahaa. varr charcha kelyapramane, motorcyclechi tele samanyatah ajunahi aprachalit ess. eff./ess. jee. manak vapartat.
ilsack.
aantarrashtriy vangan pramanikaran aanee manjuri samitikade (ilsack) motor auilsathi dekhil manke aahet. 2004 madhye sadar kelele jee. eff.-4 heey heey aanee aanee chikatpana shrenichya telanna lagoo hote. sarvasadharanpane, ilsack heey petrol telache navintam tapasheel tayar karnyasathi apis kaam karate, aanee ilsackne tyanchya tapashilanmadhye indhan kifayatshir chachanichi atirikt aavashyakta jodali aahe. jee. eff.-4 sathee, anukram wayab indhan kifayatshir chachani (aii. ess. tii. emm. dii. 6837) aavashyak aahe jee aii. pii. aay. seva shreni ess. emm. madhye aavashyak nahee.
jee. eff.-4 sathee eka pramukh naveen chachani, jee api ess. emm. sathee dekhil aavashyak aahe, tee mhanje anukram IIig, jyamadhye aii, jee. emm. 3.8 ell. vhee.-6 ett, 3,600 aar. pii. emm. aanee 100 tasansathi telache tapman chalvane samavisht aahe. konatyahi aii. pii. aay.-nirdisht telachya rachnepeksha yaa adhik gambhir paristhiti aaheth jyaa qaar samanyatah tyanche telache tapman satatyane varr dhakaltat tyaa bahutek turbocharged engine asatat, jyat european kinwa japani moodatil bahutek engine asatat, visheshtah qamee kshamata, uchch urja utpadan.
jee. eff.-3 aanee aii. pii. aay. ess. ell. telanmadhye vaparlya vikalya mageel aay. aay. aay. eff. chachanipeksha aay. aay. aay. jee. chachani sumare 50 takke adhik katheen aahe. 2005 pasoon api starberst chinh asaleli engine tele ilsack gf-4 anuroop aahet.
teel heey ilsackchya garja purn karate heey grahakanna olakhanyas madat karnyasathi, apine 'starberst' pramanpatra chinh vikasit kele.
jee. eff.-5 haah vaishishtyancha eka naveen sanch aktoobar 2010 madhye lagoo jhaala. udyogakade tyanchya telanche jee. eff.-5 madhye rupantar karnyasathi eka varsh hote aanee september 2011 madhye, ilsackne aata jee. eff.-4 sathee parwana deu keela nahee.
jee. eff.-5 chya jawaljawal eka dashkanantar, ilsackne 2019 madhye antim jee. eff.-6 vaishishtye jaaree kelee, 1 meey 2020 pasoon teel utpadak aanee punha-branderna parvanadharak vikri suru karnyasathi. jee. eff. 6 chee done manke aahet; jee. jee hii jee. eff.-5 saha pragatishil aanee purnapane mage susangat aahe, aanee jee. jee visheshtah ess. aii. eae. eae chikatpana telasathi.
aas.
europemadhye vaparlya jaanarya aii. see. aii. aii. (association days constructurus europeans dii automobiles) kamgiri/gunvatteche vargikaran aii. 3/aii 5 chachanya aii. pii. aay. aanee ilsack manakanpeksha adhik kathor aahet. see. eae. see. (european parishad samanvay) hii europe aanee tyapalikade indhan aanee vangan chachanisathi vikas sanstha aahe, jee tyanchya european udyog gatandware manke nishchit karate; esiya, etiyal, aii. tii. see. aanee concaway.
ess. aii. aii. telanna pramanit karat nahee, kinwa parwana dett nahee, kinwa nondani karat nahee, anupalan pramanpatre dett nahee. teel utpadak swatach serve teel chachanya aanee moolyankan karnyasathi manyataprapt engine vangan udyog manke aanee paddhatinnusar jababdar aahet.
lokpriy shreninmadhye shreninmadhye aanee aanee yancha samavesh aahe, jyachi vyakhya 'pravasi qaar aanee halakya shulk vanne petrol aanee dizzell enginemadhye vistarit nichara antarasah vaparnyasathi sthir, stay-inn-grade engine teel' mhanoon kelee jaate, jaate heey keval qamee chikatpana vaparnyasathi tayar kelelya enginancathi yogya aahe. qa shrenitil telanna utprerak aanee kann filters vaparnyasathi niyukt kele jaate tarr eae shreni havy duty dizelsathi aahe.
jaso.
japani automotive standards organization (jaso) japani moolchya petrol enginesathi tyanchi swatachi kamgiri aanee gunavatta manakancha sanch tayar keela aahe.
chaar-stroke petrol enginesathi, jaso jaso manak vaparale jaate aanee visheshtah motorcycle engineshee sambandhit aahe. jaso jaso-emae aanee jyat manke ole clutch vaparasathi manjur kelelya telanmadhye farak karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahet, jyat jyat vangan uchch gharshan karyakshamta detat. jaso jaso-emm. bii. manak heey ole clutch vaparnyasathi yogya nasaleli tele darshavate aanee mhanunach satat badalatya prasaranasah susajj asalelya scootermadhye vaparali jaatat. jaso emm. bii. telanmadhye gharshan badalkanchi bharr padalyane yaa vaparanmadhye adhik indhan bachat honyas hatbhar lagoo shakato.
done-stroke petrol enginancathi, jaso emm. 345 (eff. aii., eff. bii., eff. see., eff. dii.) manak vaparale jaate aanee heey visheshtah qamee rakh, vangan, nirjantukikaran, qamee dhoor aanee nirgaman avarodhan yancha sandarbh dete.
hii manke, visheshtah jaso-maa (motorcyclinsathi) aanee jaso-eff. see., api seva shrenindware sambodhit naan kelelya telachya-garajechya samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee aahet. jaso-maa manakacha eka ghatak mhanje olya klachchya vaparasathi yogyata nirdharit karnyasathi tayar keleli gharshan chachani. jaso-maa laa bhetanare teel ole clutch operationsathi yogya manale jaate. motorcycle-vishisht mhanoon vikalya vikalya telanmadhye jaso-maa label asel.
aii. ess. tii. emm.
1989 chya american society phaur testing andd materiyal (aii. ess. tii. emm.) chya ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee naveen uchch-tapman, uchch-katarane (etch. tii. etch.) manak aananyacha tyancha 12 varshancha prayatna yashasvi jhaala nahee. sadhyachya shrenikaranachya manakancha aadhar asalelya sae sae chaa sandarbh dett ahavalat mhatale aaheh
naun-neutonian multigraded telanchya vegwan vadhimule enginechya gambhir kshetranmadhye "vastavik" chikatpanache vaishishtya darshavinyasathi gatiman chikatpana haah jawaljawal nirupayogi mapdand banala aahe... asey kahee lock aahet jeey nirash aahet qee baaraa varshanchya prayatnanmule vividh shrenichi uchch-tapman chikatpana vyakt karnyasathi ess. aii. eae. jeey. 300 engine teel chikatpana vargikaran dastaivajachi punarnirdharan jhaali nahee... yaa lekhakachya matey, hii punarnirdharan jhaali nahee kaaran automotive vangan bajarala konatyahi kshetrachya apayashabaddal mahit nahee, jeey jeey etch. etch. tii. ess. telachya chikatpanamule spashtapane karanibhoot aahe.
utpadakachi vaishishtye.
kahee sadhyachya engine kinwa vahan utpadakanna vishisht engine rachana, sahitya aanee karya paristhitisathi atirikt pataliche sanrakshn jodanyasathi telache tapasheel mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya vishisht teel sutrachi aavashyakta asate. udaharanarth, 1990 chya uttaradhat bii. emm. doubleu. neey ell. ell.-98 (dirghayushya 1998) navache eka vaishishtya baher kadhale, jyasathi tyaa vaishishtyachi purtata karnyasathi manjur kelelya telanmadhye vishesh jodyanchi aavashyakta asate. eae. pii. aii. utsarjan manke aanee emm. pii. jee. aavashyakta tasech naveen enginanchya vadhatya maganichi purtata karnyasathi bii. emm. doubleu. niyamitpane naveen vaishishtye vikasit karate. yogya vishishtata asalele teel vaparnyat ayashasvi jhalyas pii. see. vhee. (positive crankcase ventilation), vhee. vhee. tii. (variable walve timing) pranali, gasket aanee sealing pranali aanee itar antargat jwalan ghatak akali adakane aanee itar apayash yenyache kaaran asalyache dnyat aahe. tyaa vaishishtyanmadhil kahee padarth pranali vangan aanee swachchh thevanyasathi madat karnyasathi tayar kele aahet. bmwchya itar vaishishtyanchi kahee udaharane ashee aaheth ll-1, ll-1 ephai, ll-12, ll-14 +, ll-17 ephai. european vahan utpadakanni telachya vishisht vaishishtyansathi aaghadi ghetali aahe parantu tyanantar ashiyai aanee american utpadakanni yantrik aanee aarthik nuksan talhanyasathi teel badal, durusti dukane aanee vikretyanna anek bhinn teel vahoon nenyachi garaj nirman karnyat hatmilavani kelee aahe. kahee wheedblue spexchee udaharane mhanje wheedblue 500.00, wheedblue 501.01, wheedblue 502.00, wheedblue 503.00, wheedblue 503.01, wheedblue 504.00, wheedblue 505.00, wheedblue 505.01, wheedblue 506.00, wheedblue 507.00, wheedblue 508.00/509.00. mercedees benz speksmadhye embi 226.5, embi 226.51, embi 229.1, embi 229.31, embi 229.5, embi 229.51, embi 229.52 yancha samavesh aahe.
itar padarth.
chikatpana nirdeshank sudharkanvyatirikt, motar teel utpadak anekada detergent aanee disparent sarkhya itar padarthancha samavesh karatat, jyamule telachya aamleey auxidation utpadananna nishprabhavi karnyasathi gaal tayar karane, ganj avarodhak aanee alkadharmi padarth qamee karoon engine swachchh thevanyas madat hote. dhatoo aanee dhatucha sampark jhalyas dhatuchya prushthbhagavar zink aanee itar sanyugancha sampark honyapasoon sanrakshn karnyasathi bahutek vyavsayik telanmadhye zink dialkildithiophosphate praman qamee asate. utprerak parivartkanvar honara pratikool parinam qamee karnyasathi zink dialkildithiophosphate praman maryadit aahe. upcharanantarchya upkaranansathicha aanakhi eka pailu mhanje oil eshache sathavan, jyamule exaust back pressure vadhate aanee kalantarane indhan bachat qamee hote. tathakathit 'rasayanik petty' aaj gandhak, rakh aanee phosphorus (rus) yanchya sandratela maryadit karate.
itar padarth vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh aahet jeey vaparkartyadvare atirikt fayadhyasathi telat jodale jaau shakatat. yapaiki kahee padarthanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
teel asalele kahee molybdenum diasulphide engines ole clutch vangan samayik samayik motorcyclesathi ayogya asoo shakatat.
paryavaraniy parinam.
tyachya rasayanik rachnemule, jagbharat pasarlyamule aanee paryavaranavar qamee parinamamule, vaparlele motar teel hii eka gambhir paryavaraniy samasya manali jaate. sadhyachya bahutansh motar-teel vangananmadhye petroleumcha payabhoot satha asato, jeey paryavaranasathi vishari asatat aanee vaparlyanantar tyanchi vilhewat lavane katheen asate. amerikechya jalmargatil 40 takkyanhun adhik pradushan vaparlelya motar telamule hote. vaparlele teel heey yuu. aii. madheel teel pradushanache sarvat mothe srot manale jaate.ess. darvarshi bandare aanee jalmarg, mukhytah ayogya vilhewat lavlyamule. mahasagaratil motar-teel pradushanache sarvat mothe kaaran naale aanee shahari rastyanvaril ogh heey aahe, tyateel bahutansh engine telachya ayogya vilhewat lavnyamule hote. vaparlele teel prushthbhagavaril panyavar chikat tayar karoo shakate, jyamule maase, jalchar pakshi aanee itar jalchar jivanas dhoka nirman houu shakato. yuu. nusar.ess. eae. pii. aii., panyachya prushthbhagavaril telachya pattya virghalalelya oxygenchi punha bharr ghalanyas pratibandh karatat, prakashsanshleshi prakriya bighadavtat aanee suryaprakash rokhatat. godya panyatil aanee sagari jivanvar vaparlelya telache vishari parinam vegvegale asatat, parantu anek godya panyatil mashanchya prajatinmadhye 310 ppmchya sandratevar aanee sagari jivanachya prakaranmadhye 1 ppmchya qamee pramanat lakshaniy dirghakalin parinam aadhalale aahet. motar telacha paryavaranavar, visheshtah vadhanyasathi nirogi mativar avalambun asalelya vanaspatinvar avishvasaniyapane hanikarak parinam houu shakato. motar telacha vanaspatinvar parinam karnyache teen mukhya marg aaheth
jaminivar takalele motar-teel matichi utpadakta qamee karate. ayogyaritya vilhewat lavalele vaparlele teel kacharapeti, gatare, angan kinwa vadalachya nalyanmadhye jaate jithe maatee, bhujal aanee pinyache paanee dooshit houu shakate.
krutrim teel.
1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1940 chya dashakachya suruvatila german shastradnyanni khanij vangananchya (aanee indhananchya) jaagi krutrim vangan pratham lakshaniy pramanat tayar kele, kaaran varnpatchya mahayuddhat ladhanyasathi aavashyak asalelya kachchya telachya apurya pramanat. tyanchya lokpriyatet vaadh honyamagcha eka mahattvapoorn ghatak mhanje krutrim-aadharit vangananchi atishay qamee tapmanat drav rahanyachi kshamata, jase qee germanychya purvekadil aaghadivar aadhalanari, jyamule petroleum-aadharit vangan tyanchya menachya uchch pramanamule ghatt jhaale. tapman varnpatchya varnpatchya tokavaril gunadharmanmule 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashakat krutrim vanganancha vapar vadhala-uchch tapmanavar vimanchalan engines vangan ghalanyachi kshamata jyamule khanij-aadharit vangan tutale. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat, krutrim motor tele tayar kelee gelee aanee motargadi anuprayoganmadhye prathamach vyavsayikdrushtya vaparali gelee. motor oilchi chikatpana nishchit karnyasathi teech ess. aii. eae. pranali krutrim telanna dekhil lagoo hote.
krutrim tele ektar gut III, gut IV kinwa kahee gut V besmadhun ghetali jaatat. krutrim padarthanmadhye krutrim ester (gut 5) sarkhya vangananche varg tasech jee. tii. ell. (mithen vayoo-teey-drav) (gut 3 +) aanee polalfa-olephine (gut 4) sarkhya "itar" chaa samavesh hoto. uchch shuddhata aanee tyamule adhik changlya malmatta niyantranacha saiddhantik arth krutrim telamadhye uchch aanee qamee tapmanachya tokanvar adhik changle yantrik gunadharm aahet. uchch tapmanat changli chikatpana tikavoon thevanyasathi renu mothe aanee "mauu" banavale jaatat, tarihi shakhanchya aanvik sanrachana ghatt honyat hastakshep karatat aanee tyamule qamee tapmanat pravah houu deto. asha prakare, tapman vadhalyane chikatpana ajunahi qamee hott asala taree, yaa krutrim motor telancha chikatpana nirdeshank paramparik petroleum aadharapeksha jaast asato. tyanche vishesharitya tayar kelele gunadharm uchch aanee qamee tapmanat vistrut tapman shrenila anumati detat aanee anekada qamee otanyacha bindu samavisht karatat. tyanchya sudharit chikatpana nirdeshankamule, krutrim telanna chikatpana nirdeshank sudharkanchya qamee patalichi aavashyakta asate, jeey telache ghatak aahet jeey telachya vayanusar aushnik aanee yantrik yantrik sarvat asurakshit aahet aanee tyamule teey paramparik motor telanpramanech lavkar qamee hott naheet. tathapi, teey ajunahi kananni bharalele asatat, jaree heey padarth telamadhye adhik changle adaktat aanee teel filter ajunahi kalantarane bharato aanee adakato. tyamule teel aanee galkamamadhye niyatkalik badal ajunahi krutrim telane kele pahijet, parantu kahee krutrim teel puravathadar suchavatat qee teel badalanmadhil antar jaast asoo shakate, kahivela pramukhyane oxidationdware qamee qamee honanya.
chachanyanvarun asey disun yete qee atyant sevaksham paristhitit purnapane krutrim teel paramparik telapeksha utkrusht aahe aanee manak paristhitit jaast kaal changle kaam karoo shakate. parantu bahutansh vahan vaparanmadhye, khanij teel-aadharit vangan, jeey jodyanni majboot kelele aahet aanee eka shatkahoon adhik vikasachya fayadhyasah, bahutek antargat jwalan engine vaparasathi pramukh vangan aahe.
jaiv-aadharit teel.
teel shatkat petroleum-aadharit telanchya vikasapurvi jaiv-aadharit teel astitvat hote. jaiv-indhanachya aagamanane aanee harit utpadananna chalana dilyane teey navyane swarasya nirman karnare vishay banale aahet. paryavaranpurak utpadanancha pathpurava karnyasathi 1996 madhye canolaver aadharit motor oilcha vikas suru jhaala. ashee tele vikasit karnyasathi aanee tyanchi chachani karnyasathi perdue vidyapithane eka prakalpala nidhi deela aahe. chachaniche parinam chachani kelelya telanchi samadhankarak kamgiri darshavtat. jaagtik staravar tasech yuu. ess. madhye jaiv-aadharit motor tele aanee kshar telanchya sthiticha aadhava.heey, jaiv-aadharit vangan, vangan samagricha sadhyacha petroleum-aadharit puravatha vadhavanyat tasech anek prakarananmadhye tyachi jaaga ghenyamadhye kase vachanbaddha aahet heey darshavtat.
yuu. ess. dii. aii. chya krishi upayog sanshodhan rashtriy kendrane vanaspati aanee prani telanpasoon banavalele estolide vangan tantradnyan vikasit kele. engine vanganansah vividh prakarchya anuprayoganmadhye estolidesney mothe aashvasan dile aahe. california sthit biosynthetic tantradnyan asalelya yuu. ess. dii. aii. sobat kaam karat asatana, motor tele aanee audhyogik vangananmadhye vaparasathi estolide tantradnyanacha vapar karoon uchch-karyakshamateche 'drop-inn' biosynthetic teel vikasit kele aahe. yaa biosynthetic teel american petroleum institutemadhye (api) petroliumshi sambandhit paryavaraniy aavhane mothya pramanat qamee karanyachi kshamata aahe. swatantra chachanimadhye engine aanee yantrasamagrichya sanrakshanasathi jaivasanshleshit tele keval sarvoch darjachya utpadananpaiki asalyache disun yet nahee; tee jaiv-aadharit, jaiv-vighatanaksham, vishari dekhil aahet aanee sagari jivanmadhye jaiv-sanchay karat naheet. tasech, jaivasanshleshit kshar telanni tayar keleli motor tele aanee vangananchi punarnavinikaran kelee jaau shakate aanee petroleum-aadharit telanni tyanchi punha shuddhi kelee jaau shakate. yuu.ess.-green arth technologys yaa kampanidware jee-oil navache jaiv-aadharit motor teel tayar kele jaate, jeey pranyanchya telanpasoon tayar kele jaate.
bhavishyakal.
anek grahakanchya containermadhye aadhalanare eka samanya plastic utpadan polyethylene vighatan karanyachi eka naveen prakriya, mahagadi fisher-tropsch prakriya talhat, vanganat rupantarit karnyasathi yogya aanvik gunadharmansah tyache parafinsarkhya menamadhye rupantar karate. plastic vitalavale jaate aanee nantar bhattimadhye takale jaate. bhattichi ushnata polythylenechya aanvik sakhalyanche menamadhye vighatan karate. shevati, menn utprerak prakriyechya adheen kele jaate jyamule menachi aanvik rachana badalate aanee eka spasht teel rahate.
ester kinwa hydrocarbon-ester mishrananvar aadharit jaiv-vighatansheel motor tele 1990 chya dashakat disu lagali aanee tyanantar 2000 madhye suruvat jhaleli formulation jee european tayari nirdesh (eae. see./<aay. dii. 1>) chya jaiv-vish-nasalelya nikashanna pratisad detat. yacha arth, teey keval oo. see. dii. 301x chachani paddhatinnusar jaivavighatanshil naheet, tarr jaleey visharipana (maase, shaiwal, daphnia) dekhil pratyeki 100 mii. gra./lii. peksha jaast aahet.
engine telasathi yogya asalelya kshariy telancha aanakhi eka varg mhanje polyelkillin glycoles. teey shoonya-rakh, jaiv-vish-rahit gunadharm aanee dubale jalanyachi vaishishtye detat.
motor teel punha parishkrut.
motor telachya utpadanat vaparlele teel enginemadhye vaparale jaat asatana teey tutate aanee jalate, teey kananni aanee rasayananni dekhil dooshit hote jyamule teey qamee prabhavi vangan banate. punha shuddha kelyane dooshit padarth aanee vaparlelya padarthanchi ghaan telatoon safsafai hote. tethoon, haah swachchh 'bases stock' kahee virgine bases stock aanee naveen yojak packages misalala jaato, jeey eka tayar vangan utpadan banavanyasathi jeey serve-virgine telane banavalelya vanganaitakech prabhavi asoo shakate. united states environmental protection agencyne (eae. pii. aii.) punarshuddhikrut utpadananchi vyakhya kiman 25 takke punarshuddhikrut mool satha asaleli utpadane ashee kelee aahe, parantu itar manke lakshaniyaritya jaast aahet. california rajya sarvajanik karar sanhitenusar, punarshuddhikrut motar telachi vyakhya ashee kelee jaate qee jyamadhye kiman 70 takke punarshuddhikrut aadharbhut satha asato.
packaging.
1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila disu lagalelya sadhyachya polyethylene plasticchya batalyanchya aagmanapurvi, motar tele kachechya batalya, dhatuchya dabya aanee dhatuchya pudkyachya dabyachya kirkol vikrisathi vikali jaat hotee. punha vaparta yenyajoge spouts dabyapasoon vegale banavale jaat hote; dabyachya ughadanyasarkhya bhedak bindusah, yaa spoutscha vapar dabyachya varchya bhagala chhidra karnyasathi aanee teel otanyacha sopa marg pradan karnyasathi keela jaau shakato.
aaj, americet motar teel samanyatah plasticchya batalyanmadhye aanee mothya containermadhye, tasech mothya containermadhye vikale jaate, jeey sadharanpane bahutek lahan teey madhyam aakarachya engines engine telachi aavashyakta asalyamule vikale jaate. urvarit jagaat, heey samanyatah 1 ell, 3 ell, 4 ell aanee 5 ell kirkol packagemadhe upalabdh aahe.
mothya vaparkartyanna (udaharanarth teel badalanyachi dukane) vitaran bahutekda mothya pramanat, tanker trakdware kinwa dholane kele jaate.

