bhavananchi utkranti

bhavananchya utkranticha abhyas 19 vya shatkat suru hoto. utkranti aanee naisargik nivad hii manvi sampreshanachya abhyasasathi, pramukhyane charles darwin yanni tyanchya 1872 chya 'manushya aanee pranyanmadhil bhavananchi abhivyakti' yaa pustakat lagoo kelee aahe. darwinne tyachya margdarshit utkrantichya bhautikvadi siddhantala pathimba denyachya prayatnat bhavananchya abhivyaktivar sanshodhan kele. tyanni assa prastav mandala qee pranyanmadhye pranyanmadhye itar vaishishtyanpramanech, bhavna dekhil varvar pahata vikasit jhalya aanee kalantarane tyaa julavun ghetalya gelya. tyanchya karyat keval pranyanmadhil aanee visheshtah manavanmadhil samanya bhavankadech laksh dile gele nahee tarr manav aanee itar pranyanmadhil vartananmadhil samanata darshavinyacha prayatna keela gela.
utkrantichya siddhantanusar, vegvegalya velee vegvegalya bhavna vikasit jhalya. prem aanee bheeti yasarkhya prathamik bhavna manachya pracheen bhaganshi sambandhit aahet. aparadhipana aanee abhiman yasarkhya samajik bhavna samajik narvanaranmadhye vikasit jhalya. utkrantivadi manasshastradnya manvi bhavananche aaplya purvajanni bhatkya charyanchya pattyanmadhye ghetalelya jivanashi sarvottamaritya julavun ghetale pahije asey manatat.
mool.
darwinchi mool yojana tyachya 'daad decent auph mann andd selection inn relactions too seeks' (darwin, 1871) yaa granthachya eka adhyayat bhavna vyakt karnyabaddalche tyache nishkarsh samavisht karane hii hotee, parantu tyala aadhalale qee tyachyakade sampoorn pustakasathi pureshi samagri aahe. heey tyachya sabhovatalachya aanee jagachya anek bhagantil lokanchya nirikshananvar aadharit hote. tyanni kelele eka mahattvache nirikshan asey hote qee, janmatah andh asalelya vyaktinmadhye dekhil, shareer aanee samanya havbhav itar konabarobarhi sarkhech asatat. bhavananchya sarvatriktevaril tyanchya pustakat sapadalelya kalpana surr charles bail yanchya 1844 chya davyachya viruddha jaanyacha hetu hota qee manvi samanya snayu tyanna bhavna vyakt karanyachi adviteey kshamata denyasathi tayar kele gele hote. manav aanee itar pranyanmadhil bhavna sarkhyach aahet heey dakhavun utkrantichya siddhantala pathimba dene haah darwinchya karyacha mukhya uddesh hota. tyanna aadhalalelya bahutek samanata prajatinmadhil jawalcha sambandh asalelya hotya, parantu tyanna durchya sambandhit prajatinmadhil kahee samanata dekhil aadhalalya. bhavnik avastha anukool asatat aanee mhanunach keval kahee bhavna vyakt karnyas saksham asalelyannich tyanchi vaishishtye paar padali, ashee kalpana tyanni mandali.
darwinchi tattve.
1872 chya karyat darwinne teen tattve prastavit kelee. yaa teenpaiki pahile mhanje "sevaksham savayinche tattva", jyachi vyakhya tyanni ashee kelee qee aaplya kahee savayi aahet kinwa aapan manachya vishisht avasthanmadhye vegvegalya kriya karato, jyaa manachi tee sthitee prerit jhalyavar, garaj nasali tarihi sambandhit hotat. tyanni bhuvayanche aakunchan (bhuvaya koradane) yache udaharan mhanoon vaparale, jeey tyanni nondavale qee dolhyanmadhye jaast prakash pravesh karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi upayukt aahe. teey asehi mhanale qee bhuvaya unchavalyane drushtiche kshetra vadhanyas madat hote. tyanni lock kahitari lakshat thevanyacha prayatna karat aahet aanee tyanchi bhint unchavat aahet, janoo teey kaay lakshat thevanyacha prayatna karat aahet teey "pahoo" shakatat ashee udaharane dilee.
dusari tattve mhanje virodhabhas. kahee savayi sevaksham asalya taree, darwinne prastavit kele qee kahee krutee kinwa savayi keval tyaa sevaksham savayichya viruddha swarupachya aahet, parantu tyaa swatah sevaksham naheet mhanoon kelya jaatat. khandyanna khanda marane heey eka udaharan aahe, kaaran tyat konatihi seva nasate. khandyala khanda lavoon marane hii eka nishkriy abhivyakti aahe aanee aatmavishvas kinwa aakramak abhivyaktichya agadi viruddha aahe.
tisari tattve mhanje abhivyaktishil savayi kinwa majjasansthetun majjasansthecha strav. heey tattva suchavate qee kahee savayi majjasansthechi vaadh jhalyamule kelya jaatat, jyamule utsah utsarjit hoto. udaharananmadhye paay aanee botanna sparsh karane, tasech swarbhav aanee ragachya abhivyakti yancha samavesh hoto. darwinne namood kele qee anek prani vedna hott asatanahi kvachitach aavaj karatat, parantu atyant tivra paristhitit teey vedna aanee bhitila pratisad mhanoon aavaj karatat.
sanshodhan.
samanya bhavanancha samavesh asalele sanshodhan karnyasathi paul ekman yaa kshetrat sarvadhik prasiddha aahet. tyachya karyane agadi serve sanskratinmadhye dekhil samanya bhavnechya sarvatrikatebaddal darwinchya kalpanancha pathlag karnyasathi mahitee pradan kelee. lokanna moolbhut bhavna vyakt karnari chhayachitre dakhavun aanee konatya bhavna vyakt kelya jaat aahet heey tyanna olakhanyas sangoon tyanni sanshodhan kele. 1971 madhye, ekman aanee wallace freesen yanni lokanna purvashikshit sanskratimadhye vishisht bhavanecha samavesh asaleli eka katha, tasech vishisht samanya bhavnechi chhayachitre sadar kelee. pashchimatya sanskratinmadhil vishayancha vapar karoon abhyasat chhayachitre purvi vaparali jaat hotee. kathet vyakt kelya olakhalya done kinwa teen chhayachitranmadhun, bhavna nivadanyas sangitale asata, bahutek vela pashchimatya vishayanchya nivadishi purvashikshit vishayanchi nivad julate. yaa nikalanni asey soochit kele qee kahee abhivyakti sarvatrikpane vishisht bhavnanshi sambandhit aahet, agadi asha prasanganmadhye dekhil jyat lokanna pashchatya sanskratishi farsa kinwa farsa sampark navhata. bhay aanee aashchary yaa bhavna, jyaa purvashikshit lokanna bhed karane katheen vatale, tyaa hotya.
ekmanane namood kele qee jaree sarvatrik abhivyakti darwinchya siddhantala teey vikasit jhaale heey aavashyakpane siddha karat nasale taree teey sambhavyateche bhakkam purave puravatat. tyanni manvi abhivyakti aanee itar narvanar pranyanchya abhivyaktitil samanatecha ullekh keela, tasech darwinchya kalpanancha pathlag karnyasathi vishisht abhivyaktinchya ekoon sarvatriktecha ullekh keela. ekmanane sanshodhanavar aadharit sarvat sarvatrik mhanoon jyaa bhavananchya abhivyakti nondavalya tyaa aaheth raag, bheeti, tiraskar, dukkh aanee anand.
eka samanya mutt asey aahe qee samanya havbhav suruvatila gair-sanvadatmak anukool karya karatat. asha prakare, bhitichya samanya bhavanmadhil mothe dolhe drushya kshetra aanee dolhe halavanyacha veg vadhavtat jeey dhoke shodhanyat aanee tyanche anusaran karnyat madat karatat. samanya tiraskarachya havbhavache surkutele naak aanee tond durgandhiyukt aanee kadachit dhokadayak havah aanee kananche sevan maryadit karate. nantar, asha pratikriya, jyaa gatachya itar sadasyandvare pahilya jaau shakatat, tyaa pramukhyane samajik sanvadatmak karya purn karnyasathi adhikadhik adhik vishisht aanee atishayoktipurna banatat. heey sanvadatmak karya gatatil itar sadasyanchya vartanavar natyamay kinwa sookshmapane prabhav takoo shakate. asha prakare, recess makade kinwa manvi arbhake sambhavya dhokyanchi bheeti balgane, keval itar gut sadasyanchya kinwa palakanchya samanya bhitichya bhavanvar aadharit shiku shakatat. bhitichya abhivyakti pahane udatya pratikriyanchi pravrutti vadhavate tarr ragachya abhivyakti pahane ladhanyachya pratikriyanchi pravrutti vadhavate. shastriy anukulan abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee nakaratmak uttejak aanee aanandachya abhivyaktipeksha nakaratmak uttejak aanee raag/bhitichya abhivyakti yanchyat jodee tayar karane sope aahe. janmajat andhanvaril aantarsanskrutik abhyas aanee abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee heey gut samajik sthitishi sambandhit paristhitinmadhye laaj aanee abhimanachya samaan abhivyakti darshavtat. yaa abhivyakti itar narvanar pranyanchya samarpan aanee varchasvachya pradarshanashi spasht samya aahet. abhimanachi abhivyakti pahanari manse asha vyaktinna itar bhavna vyakt vyakt aapoaap uchch samajik darja detat.
robbert zajonk yanni 1989 madhye madhye bhavna prabhav siddhant' chey done punaravalokne prakashit kele, jyala samanya abhipray siddhant asehi mhanatat, jyachi tyanni 1985 madhye 'vidnyan' madhye prakashit jhalelya lekhat vaidnyanik sahityat pratham olakh karoon dilee hotee. haah siddhant prastavit karato qee sastan pranyanchya samanya snayu raktavahinyanchya jaalyatun (tathakathit 'rete mirabile') pudhe aanee mage pravahache praman badaloon menduchya payache tapman (visheshtah hypothalamus) niyantrit karoo shakatat. haah siddhant yaa kalpanevar aadharit aahe qee hypothalamuschya bhaganche tapman vadhavalyane aakramak vartan houu shakate, tarr shitkaranamule vishranti miloo shakate. aaplya bhavnik bhashet 'hott-haid' aanee 'coole-breezy' yasarkhe tulanatmak varnan aahet. haah siddhant sastan pranyanmadhil bhavananchya samanya samanya bhavnechya utkrantisathi spashtikaran deto. tathapi, yaa siddhantacha vistar karnyasathi thode prayogik karya kele gele aahe.
caroll izardne bhavananchya utkrantishi sambandhit laabh aanee tota yavar charcha kelee. teey mhanale qee, bhasha kinwa sankalpanatmak sanrachana, jyaa swatantra bhavna bhavna mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya gunanchi rachana karatat, tyaa midvanyapurvi, swatantra bhavna anubhav antarbhutatet udbhavtat. tyanni namood kele qee utkrantimadhye, jevha manavane bhashedvare swatahla vyakt karanyachi kshamata prapt kelee, tevha yamule bhavnik utkrantimadhye mothe yogdan midale. manav keval tyanchya bhavna vyakt karoo aanee samayik karoo shakat nahee, tarr teey tyanchya anubhavancha vapar bhavishyatil anubhavanmadhye yogya tee karvai karnyasathi aanee purvanumey karnyasathi karoo shakatat. tathapi, hatya aanee ekmekanvaril gunhe yansarkhya goshti vidhvansak asalyache sangoon, manavane ekmekambaddalchi tyanchi kahee sahanubhooti gamavali aahe qee nahee haah prashna tyanni upasthit keela.
joseph ledoxney tyachya sanshodhanacha barachsa bhag bhavnik bhitivar kendrit keela aahe. thalamus aanee amigdala yaa donhicha samavesh asalelya mendutil done pranalindware bheeti nirman kelee jaau shakateh eka junie, lahan aanee vegwan, dusari alikade vikasit jhaleli, adhik golakar aanee mand. junya pranalimadhye, sanvedanatmak mahitee thet aanee vegane thalamuspasoon amigdalaparyant pravas karate jithe tee aapan jyala bheeti mhanato tyaa swayatt aanee motor pratisadanna baher kadhate. tarun pranalimadhye, sanvedanatmak mahitee thalamuspasoon sambandhit cortical sensory bhagat (somatocensary cortexla sparsh karane, visual cortexla drushti dene ii.) pravas karate.) aanee pudhil sanlagn kshetranmadhye, jethe moolyankan hote. hii samorchi kshetre amigdalashi thet sanvad sadhatat aanee mulyankanachya prakashat amigdalacha bhiticha pratisad qamee kinwa motha karoo shakatat. jarr tumhi sapasarkha disato teey pahile, tarr tumchya lahan bajuchya bhaganna tee kathee aahe heey tharvanyasathi vel milanyachya khoop aadhi, junya thalamus-amigdala pranaline bheeti nirman kelee asel. ledox asey gruheet dharato qee junie vegwan pranali kayam rahate kaaran dhokyachya pahilya sanketachya vartanukichya pratisadacha chukicha parinam hoto parantu yogya asalyas jeevan aanee mrutyumadhil farak yacha arth asoo shakato.

