pontus (pradesh)

pontus kinwa pontos (;, "samudra") haah kalya samudrachya dakshin dakshin asalela eka pradesh aahe, joou turkeechya aadhunik kalatil purvekadil kalya samudra pradeshat sthit aahe. heey naav kinarpattichya pradeshala aanee tyachya dongral antarbhagala (purvekadil pontic aalpsparyant) greek lokanni lagoo kele hote, jyanni puratan kalat yaa bhagat vasahat kelee aanee kalya samudrachya greek navavarun ghetaleh ("" ")," "aatithyashil samudra" kinwa fakt "" pontos "() eskillion" "pertian" "(ii. sha. puu. 472) aanee herodotus" "itihas" (ii. sha. puu. 440).
mulat konatehi vishisht naav nasalelya hallis nadichya purvekadil pradeshala [euxinos] pontosvar "desh" () "mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey aanee mhanunach tyala pontus heey naav midale, jeey pratham zenophonechya" anabasis "() madhye aadhalate. pradeshachi vyapti yuganuyugin badalat gelee, parantu samanyatah kolchisachya (aadhunik paschim georgia) simepasoon pashchimetil paflagoniaparyant, vegvegalya pramanat antarbhagasah vistarli gelee. yaa pradeshat, hellenistic, roman aanee byzantine kalkhandat, pontus kinwa tyachya prakaranche naav asaleli anek rajye aanee prant sthapan karnyat aale, jyachi parinati trabizondchya byzantine samrajyachya uttaradhat jhaali. pracheen greek pauranik katha aanee itihaslekhan (udaa. jee. herodotus aanee strabo).
itihas.
suruvatiche rahivasi.
pontus kansya yugachya samrajyanchya aavakyabaher rahila, jyapaiki sarvat jawalcha hatti hota. haah pradesh hattichya purvekadil shejari, azzie aanee (kinwa) hayasa sarkhya hurian rajyanni aanakhi aniyantrit keela. tyaa kalat, konatyahi bahereel vyaktila yaa pradeshatoon sarvottam apeksha hotee tee mhanje sthanik balwan vyaktishi tatpurati yutee. hittai tyanchya ishanya simevaril asanghatit gatanna kaska mhanat asat. 2004 paryant puratatviyadrushtya tyancha farsa shodh lagla navhata.
hittait samrajyachya kosalanyachya parshvabhumivar, assyri darbarane nondavale qee 'kasku' neey aataparyant adnyat asalelya gatachya sanyogane tyacha pradesh vyapala hota, jyala tyanni muski asey naav dile hote. yaa pradeshatil lohyugatil abhyagatanni, mukhytah greek lokanni nondavale qee antardeshiy pradesh vegale rahile aanee tyanni jamatinchi nave nondavalih moskian (bahutekda tyaa muskishi sambandhit), leukosyri, ghode, macrones, mosinoykoi, tibrenoi, tzan aanee calibs kinwa chaldoi.
hittites, assyri aanee hittaitanantarchya serve rashtranni armeniyan bhashekade durlaksh kele; eka pracheen siddhant-joou pratham herodotusne andaj lavala-too assa aahe qee tyache bhashik suruvatichya lohyugat, purvichya sahityik nond asalelya frigiahoon pontschya palikade sthalantarit jhaale. jawalun sambandhit asaleli indo-european bhasha bolanare greek, dakshin tyanchya magomag gele. greek heey yaa pradeshatil sarvat june dirghakalin rahivasi aahet jyanchya lekhee nondi tikoon aahet. ii. sha. puu. gela shatkachya uttaradhat, pontus aanakhi eka indo-european bhashik simerian lokansathi eka aadhar banala; tathapi, lydian lokanni tyancha parabhav keela aanee alyatschya mohimannantar teey eka durchi aathvan banale.
pertian aanee helenwadi yugaparyant ishanyekadil anatoliamadhye saksharta itaki qamee asalyane, yethe bolalya olakhalya itar bhashambaddal keval andaj lavta yeto. cartwellion bhasha pontschya purvekade bolalya jaatat heey lakshat gheta, kahee bhasha lohyugat purvekadil pontasmadhye bolalya gelya asanyacha sanshay aaheh tzan samanyatah aajchya lazshi sambandhit aahet.
pracheen greek vasahatvad.
greek vyapari aanee sahsi paryatakancha pontus pradeshacha pahila pravas bahudha ii. sha. puu. 1000 chya sumaras jhaala, tarr tyanchya vasahati ii. sha. puu. gela aanee banale shatkaparyantach puratatviy nishkarshanchya dastaivajanusar sthir aanee majboot shahare banatil. sayanopasathi sizeriyachya eusebiusne dilelya ahavalanusar, ii. sha. puu. 731 chya payabharanichya tarkheshi heey changle julate, jee nantar ponts mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya greek vasahatinpaiki kadachit sarvat pracheen hotee. jasson aanee argonautschya kolchisachya pravasashi sambandhit mahakavyatmak katha, kalya samudrat samudrat iraqi lokanchya katha aanee cemerionchya deshat odiciuschya bhatkanti, tasech ziusne promethiusla devatanna mage taklyabaddal shiksha mhanoon coccus parvatanparyant rokhale, yaa sarvankade suruvatichya greek vasahati aanee sthanik, kadachit caucasian lokanmadhil prarambhik samparkanche pratibimb mhanoon pahile jaau shakate. matra, pontsche sarvat june likhit varnan koriyandachya cylexche aahe, jyane ii. sha. puu. banale shatkat yaa bhagatil greek vasahatinche varnan kele hote.
pertian samrajyacha vistar.
ii. sha. puu. puu shatkaparyant, pontus adhikrutpane achemanid samrajyacha eka bhag banala hota, jyacha arth kadachit sthanik greek vasahati pertian lokanna khandani dett hotya. ii. sha. puu. 1 madhye sumare eka shatkanantar jevha ethanian senapati zenophone pontasmadhun gela, tevha tyala kharey tarr pontasmadhye konatehi pertian sapadale naheet.
uttar ashiyachya yaa bhagatil lokanna pertian samrajyachya samrajyachya aanee ekonisavya satrapinmadhye samavisht karnyat aale. irani prabhav kholvar pasarla, sarvat prasiddhapane zela yetheel pertian devata anatis, omanes aanee anadatos yanchya mandiradware spasht kele gele, jyachi sthapana ii. sha. puu. 6 vya shatkat vijayi pertian senapatinni kelee.
pontsche rajya.
pontsche rajya samanyatah hallis nadichya purveparyant vistarle. yaa rajyacha shodh shodh pertian rajvanshane ii. sha. puu. puu shatkat mayasiyatil greek shahar siyas (kinwa kios) varr rajya kele hote, jyacha pahila dnyat sadasya siyascha ariobarzness pahila hota aanee shaharatil shevatcha shasak siyascha mythridates dusra hota. mythridates dusra yacha mulga, jyala mythridates asehi mhanatat, too nantar swatahla mythridates auph pontus mhanoon ghoshit karel.
encyclopedia iranika" madhye namood kelyapramane, kutumbatil sarvat prasiddha sadasya, mithradates vhee eupatter, jaree nihsanshaypane swatahla greek jagasamor susanskrut filheleen aanee naveen alekzandar mhanoon sadar karat asala, taree tyane tyachya irani parshvabhumichi dekhil pradakshina keleeh tyane tyane purvekadil paddhatine antahkaran aanee napunsak rakhale; tyane aaplya serve mulanna pertian nave dilee; tyane pasargade (epian, myth) yethe pertian rajanchya paddhatine netradipak balidan dile. 66, 70); aanee tyane 'kshatrap' (eka pertian padvi) yanna tyache prantiy rajyapal mhanoon niyukt kele. iran pudhe sangato, aanee jaree tyachi pushti karnara keval ekach shilalekh asala taree tyane "rajancha raja" hii padvi swikarlyache disate.pontasmadhye kuthehi sapadalelya helenwadi greek shilalekhanchi farach qamee sankhya asey soochit karate qee greek sanskruti kinarpattivaril shahare aanee darbaranchya palikade lakshaniyaritya ghusali navhati.
alekzandarchya mrutyunantarchya ashant kalat, mahan, mythridates kittistes kahee kaal alekzandarchya uttaradhikarinpaiki eka asalelya antigonuschya sevet hote aanee yaa asthir velet yashasvipane davpech karat, ii. sha. puu. 302 nantar lavkarach, pontsche rajya tayar karnyasathi vyavasthapit kele gele, jyavar ii. sha. puu. 64 paryant tyachya vanshajanni bahutek samaan naav dharan kele. asha prakare, mukhya pertian samrajya kosalale asatana heey pertian rajvansh helenwadi jagaat tikoon rahanyat aanee samruddhi midvanyat yashasvi jhaale.
heey rajya, jyala samanyatah mahan mhatale jaate, tyaa mythridates vhee. aay. kinwa mythridates eupatterchya kalat tyachya sarvoch unchivar pohochale, jyane anek varshe roman lokanshi yuddh kele. tyachya adhipatyakhali, pontschya kshetrat keval pontic capadosiach navhe tarr bithinian simepasoon teey kolchisparyant, antardeshiy paphlagonia bhag aanee lesar armeniyacha samavesh hota. qamee armeniyavar rajya karoonahi, raja mythridates VI haah armeniyan raja tigrains daad gretcha mitra hota, jyachyashi tyane tyachi mulgi cleopetra hicha vivah keela. tathapi, akheris, romananni, methridatic yuddhandarmyan, donhi raja mythridates VI aanee tyacha javai, armeniyan raja tigrains daad gret, yanna parabhoot kele, jyamule pontus roman rajvatikhali aala.
roman prant.
ii. sha. puu. 64 madhye pompene yaa rajyachya tabyat aalyanantar, shaharanvar niyantran niyantran alpajantranchya dainandin jeevanat kinwa tethil samanya lokansathi aanee antardeshiy bhagat jaree pontus yaa navacha arth badalala asala taree tyat farsa badal jhaala nahee. rajyacha kahee bhag aata roman samrajyashi jodala gela, pontus aanee bithinia navachya duheri prantat bithiniashi jodala gelah yaa bhagat keval haracalia (aaj iregali) aanee amisus (samson), "orah pontika" yanchyatil samudrakinara samavisht hota. matra, pontscha motha bhag gallatia prantat samavisht hota.
tyanantar yaa duheri prantacha ardha bhag darshavinyasathi, visheshtah roman aanee roman drushtikonatun bolanare lock, patratevina pontus heey sadhe naav niyamitpane vaparale jaat hote; tyamule naveen kararat jawaljawal nehmich teey vaparale jaate. junya rajyacha purv ardha bhag colchiss grahak rajya mhanoon prashasit keela jaat asey. tyacha shevatcha raja polemon dusra hota.
ii. sha. 62 madhye, yaa deshachi sthapana niro yaa roman prantane kelee hotee. tyache teen jilhyanmadhye vibhajan karnyat aaleh paschimes pontus galleticus, galletiachya simevar; madhyabhagi pontus polymoniacus, jyala tyachi rajdhani polmonium mhanatat; aanee poorves pontus capadosicus, cappadosiachya (armeniya minor) simevar. tyanantar, roman samrat trajanane ii. sha. chya chya shatkachya suruvatila pontus cappadosia prantatach halavala. ii. sha. 287 madhye trabizondavar jhalelya gothick hallyala pratisad mhanoon, roman samrat diocletianne adhik sthanik prashasanakhali yaa kshetrache lahan prantanmadhye vibhajan karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
diocletianchya antargat prantiy pranalichya punarrachanesah (sumare ii. sha. 295), pontic jilhe dioceses pontikamadhye teen lahan, swatantra prantanmadhye vibhagale geleh
byzantine prant aanee sankalpana.
byzantine samrat justinianne 536 madhye yaa kshetrachi punha punarrachana keleeh
byzantine samrajyachya suruvatichya kalaparyant, trabizond heey sanskruti aanee vaidnyanik shikshanache kendra banale. banale shatkat, tychicus navachi vyakti constantinopalmadhun shikshan shaala sthapan karnyasathi paratali. tyachya vidyarthyanpaiki eka mhanje prarambhik armeniyan vidwan shirakchi anania.
byzantine samrajyakhali, pontus armeniyak sankalpanekhali aala, sarvat pashchimekadil bhag (paphlagonia) busellerian sankalpaneshi sambandhit hote. haloohaloo, yaa mothya suruvatichya sankalpana lahan vishayanmadhye vibhagalya gelya, jenekarun 10 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, pontus gabrads kutumbadware shasit asalelya kaldia aanee colonia yaa vishayanmadhye vibhagala gela. gela shatkanantar, yaa bhagat samruddhicha kaal anubhavala gela, joou 1070 aanee 1080 chya dashakat seljukne ashiya minerver vijay midvalyamulech sampushtat aala. alexios aay comnenos yanni byzantine samrajyala punarsanchayit kele, yaa bhagavar trabizondchya gabras kutumbasarkhya prabhavipane ardh-swayatt shasakanche shasson hote.
atyadhunik kinarpattivaril killyanchya vishal jaalyasah jaalyasah teey teey shatkaparyant haah pradesh lashkaridrushtya surakshit hota.
trabizondche samrajya.
1204 madhye chauthya dharmayuddhat constantinopulche sarvbhaumatva gamavalyanantar, pontsne comnenos rajvanshachya antargat trabizondche samrajya mhanoon swatantrya kayam thewale. bhaugolik antar aanee kushal mutsaddegirichya sanyojanadvare, heey avashesh tikoon rahanyat yashasvi jhaale, 1461 madhye constantinopalachya patananantar ottoman lokanni tyavar vijay midvat nahee. yaa rajkiy sakshidaramadhye georgia aanee vividh antardeshiy turkey shaskansathi vegvegalya velee eka samant rajya bananyacha samavesh hota. yavyatirikt, trabizondche samrajya tyachya sattadhari comnenos rajvanshachya kalat sanskratiche eka prasiddha kendra banale.
ottoman 'vilayat'.
trabizondchya patananantar suru jhalelya automan rajvatit, visheshtah 17 vya shatkapasoon, pradeshatil kahee pontic greek devasirm pranalidware muslim jhaale. parantu tyach velee greek lock lock kahee khoyatil swechhene dharmantar jhaale, visheshtah visheshtah khoyatil. khrishchan pontic greek lokanche mothe samuday (loksankhyechya sumare 25 takke) 1920 paryant sampoorn parisarat (ishanya turkey/russian cocksusmadhil trabezon aanee carses) aanee 1990 paryant georgia aanee armeniyachya kahee bhaganmadhye rahile, tyanchya swatachya pratha aanee greekchi bolibhasha japali. islamikrut greek lokanchya eka gatala chromely mhatale jaat hote, parantu guptapane khristi rahilyacha sanshay hota. tyanchi sankhya 12,000 teey 15,000 darmyan hotee aanee teey crome, imera, livadia, prady, alitino, mokhora aanee ligosty yasah gavanmadhye rahat hote. anek islamikrut greek lock tyanchi bhasha bolat rahile, jee pracheen greekchya vaishishtyanchya adviteey sanrakshanasathi olakhali jaate aanee aajahi aajahi asey kahee lock aahet jeey ajunahi sthanik ophitic boolii bolatat.
pontsche prajasattak.
pontsche prajasattak () heey kalya samudrachya dakshin dakshin asalele prastavit pontic greek rajya hote. tyachya pradeshane aitihasik pontscha barachsa bhag vyapala asata aanee aaj too turkeychya kalya samudra pradeshacha bhag aahe. 1919 chya parris shantata parishadet prastavit rajyachi charcha jhaali hotee, parantu elepherios venezeloschya greek sarkarla asha rajyachya anishchit sthitichi bheeti hotee aanee mhanoon tyaeivaji vilsonian armeniyachya mothya prastavit rajyat tyacha samavesh karnyat aala. donhipaiki konatehi rajya astitvat aale nahee aanee pontic greek loksankhyela narsamharala samore jaave lagale aanee 1922 nantar turkeymadhun hakaloon denyat aale aanee soviet unionmadhye kinwa macedoniamadhye punarvasan karnyat aale. hii sthitee nantar 1923 madhye greece aanee turkey yanchyatil loksankhyechya devanghevanicha bhag mhanoon aupcharikpane manyata midali.
upasthit.
22 prantanche serve kinwa kahee bhag samavisht asalela kaala samudra pradesh () haah turkeechya saat jangananedware paribhashit bhaugolik pradeshanpaiki eka aahe. tyat aitihasik pontscha samavesh aahe parantu too tyahoon motha aahe.
dharm.
naveen kararat teen vela namood kelele, pontsche rahivasi heey khristi dharm swikarlelya agadi pahilya lokanpaiki hote. panchkostachya divashi jerusalemmadhe upasthit asalelya tyancha ullekh karatat; pontus, akvila yetheel eka jyoo tamboo tamboo ullekh karatat, joou tyaveli tyachya patni priscillasobat korinthmadhye rahat hota, jee doghannihi khristi dharm swikarla hota aanee pieter preshitane tyachya patrat pontiensana 'nivadoon aalele' aanee 'nivadalele' mhanoon sambodhale.
nisachya pahilya parishadechya suruvatilach, trabizondche swatache bishop hote. tyanantar, trabizondcha bishop haah potichya mahanagar bishapchya adheen jhaala. tyanantar tyanantar shatkat trabizond swatach lazikachya mahanagar bishapche sthan banale.

