eukariotic ribosome

ribosomes heey eka mothe aanee guntaguntiche aanvik yantra aahe jeey prathinanchya sanshleshanala utprerit karate, jyala anuvad mhanatat. ribosome prathine-encoding sandeshvahak aar. aine. aii. (emm. aar. aine. aii.) chya kramanusar aminoeslated transfer aar. aine. aii. (tii. aar. aine. aii.) nivadato aanee amino acidna polypeptide sakhalimadhye sahasanyojakpane jodato.
serve jivanmadhil ribosomes atyant sanrakshit utprerak kendra samayik karatat. tathapi, eukeriotsche ribosomes (prani, vanaspati, burshi aanee mothya sankhyene ekkoshikiy jeev, heey serve kendrak asalele) procariotic (jivanu aanee archaeal) ribosomespeksha barech mothe asatat aanee adhik jatil niyaman aanee jaivik utpatti marganchya adheen asatat.
eukariotic ribosomesla 80 chey ribosomes asehi mhanatat, jeey sweadberg unitsmadhil tyanchya avakshepan gunankancha sandarbh detat, kaaran teey procariotic (70 chey dashak) raibosomsabaddal jalad gaal kadhatat. eukariotic ribosomesche done asman upghatak asatat, tyanche avakshepan gunankanusar lahan upghatak (40s) aanee mothe upghatak (60s) asey niyukt kele jaatat. donhi upghatkanmadhye ribosomal aar. aine. aii. (aar. aar. aine. aii.) neey banalelya farshavar vyavasthit keleli dazanbhar ribosomal prathine asatat. lahan upghatak heey trana anticodon aanee emm. aar. aine. aii. yanchyatil purakatevar laksh thevate, tarr mothe upghatak peptide bandh nirmitila utprerit karatat.
rachana.
tyanchya procariotic samarupanchya tulanet, anek eucariotic ribosomal prathine sanrakshit sanrakshit samavisht karoon kinwa vistaroon vadhavali jaatat. yavyatirikt, eukariotic ribosomeschya lahan aanee mothya upghatkanmadhye anek atirikt prathine aadhaltat, jyat procariotic homolog nasatat.
40 chya upaghatakat 18 chey ribosomal aar. aine. aii. (sankshipt 18 chey aar. aar. aine. aii.) asate, jeey procariotic 16 chey aar. aar. aine. aii. sathee samaroop aahe. 60 chya dashkatil upaghatakat 28s rrna aahe joou procariotic 23s ribosomal rna shhee ekroop aahe. yavyatirikt, tyat 5.8s rrna aahe joou 23s rrna chya 5 'tokashi sambandhit aahe aanee eka lahan 5s rrna aahe.
18 aanee 28 yaa donhi dashakanmadhye tyanchya procariotic samkakshanchya coor aar. aar. aine. aii. foldmadhye anek antarbhav asatat, jyanna vistar vibhag mhanatat. archaeal aanee bacteriachya samarupatesah prathinanchya tapshilvar yadisathi kripaya 40 aanee 60 chya upaghatkanvaril swatantra lekhancha sandarbh ghya. alikadil sanshodhan ribosomal rachnemadhye vishamata soochit karate, i.eae., qee jangali prakarchya yeast peshi aanee bhrun stame peshinmadhil coor ribosomal prathinanmadhil stoikiometry vadhichya sthitivar aanee prati emm. aar. aine. aii. bandhalelya ribosomeschya sankhyevar donhivar avalambun asate.
rachana nirdharan.
eukariotic ribosomeschya prarambhik sanrachana electron sukshmadarshakadvare nirdharit kelya gelya.
yistasathi pahilya pahilya sanrachana 30-40 aii resolutionvar prapt jhalya hotya
aanee sastan pranyanche ribosomes.
cryo-electron sukshmadarshakadvare yeast ribosomechya uchch sankalp sanrachanemule prathine aanee aar. aine. aii. sanrachanatmak ghatak olakhata aale.
agadi alikadech ribosomeschya sankulansathi aanee anuvadat samavisht asalelya ghatkansathi up-nanometer resolutionvaril sanrachana prapt karnyat aalya.
pahilya jivanuche nirdharan jhalyanantar
aanee pracheen
1990 chya dashakat anoo sankalpan asalelya ribosomechya sanrachananna aanakhi eka dashak lagale, 2011 paryant, eukariotic ribosomechya uchch sankalpan sanrachana ksh-kiran sphatikalekhanadvare prapt kelya gelya, pramukhyane puresha darjache sphatik midvanyat midvanyat adchaninmule.
tetrahimna thermophila" madheel eukariotic 40 chya ribosomal sanrachanechi sampoorn rachana prakashit aanee varnan karnyat aalee, tasech anuvad prarambhadarmyan 40 chya dashkatil upaghatakane aay. aay. eff. 1 shhee kelelya parasparsanvadabaddal barech kahee. eukariotic 60 chya dashkatil upghatak rachana dekhil tii pasoon nirdharit kelee gelee. thermophila "aay. aay. eff. 6 saha sankulat. yeast" sacharomysis serevisi "madheel eukariotic 80 chya dashkatil ribosomechi sampoorn rachana 3 aii resolutionvar chrystallographidware prapt jhaali. yaa sanrachana eukariot-vishisht ghatakanchi achook rachana, sarvatrik sanrakshit gabhashi tyancha parasparsanvad aanee done ribosomal upaghatakanmadhil serve eukariot-vishisht pool ughad karatat.
eukariotic ribosomeche anoo nirdeshank (pii. dii. bii. fayali) aanee sanrachana ghatak khaleel pravesh sanketankhali prathine deta banket (pii. dii. bii.) jamaa kele gele aaheth
vastukala.
samanya vaishishtye.
ribosomechi kahee samanya sthapatya vaishishtye rajyanmadhye sanrakshit kelee jaatatah lahan upaghatakanchi rachana done mothya vibhaganmadhye up-vibhagali jaau shakate, doke aanee shareer. sharirachya vaishishtyapurn vaishishtyanmadhye daway aanee ujave paay, khanda aanee vyaspeeth yancha samavesh hoto. dokyala eka pakshyachya chochichi aathvan karoon denara tokdar bahercha bhag asato. mothya upaghatakanchya vaishishtyapurn "mukut drushya" madhye, sanrachanatmak khuna mhanje madhyavarti pravardhan, ell 1-stock aanee pii-stock yancha samavesh hoto.
bahutek eukariot-vishisht aar. aine. aii. aanee prathine ghatak 40 aanee 60 chya upaghatakanchya dravak-ughad bajunvar aadhaltat. upghatak interfaces, tasech peptidial hastantaran kendra aanee decoding site yasarkhya mahattvachya karyatmak pradeshanche bahutek sanrakshn kele jaate, aaspaschya pradeshanmadhye kahee farak disun yetat. procariotic ribosomal prathinanchya agadi ulat, jeey pramukhyane aar. aine. aii. shhee sanvad sadhatat, eucariot-vishisht prathin vibhag prathine-prathine parasparsanvadachya mothya sankhyene guntalele asatat. dirgh antarachya parasparsanvadamadhye ribosomal prathinanchya eukariot-vishisht helical vistaradvare aanee anek eukariotic ribosomal prathine sanyuktapane aantar-prathine beeta-patrak tayar karnyasathi madhyasthi karatat.
ribosomal aar. aine. aii. gabha eka rakhadi nalee mhanoon darshavila jaato, vistar vibhag laal rangat darshavile jaatat. sarvatrik sanrakshit prathine nilya rangat darshavili aahet. yaa prathinanmadhye eukariotes, archaea aanee jivanunmadhye samarupata asate. keval eucariots aanee aarkiyamadhye samayik keleli prathine naringi rangat darshavili jaatat aanee eukariotsasathi vishisht prathine laal rangat darshavili jaatat.
aar. aar. aine. aii. aanee prathinanchi saha-utkranti.
40 chya dashkatil upaghatakanchya sanrachanetun asey disun aale qee eukariot-vishisht prathine (aar. pii. ess. 7, aar. pii. ess. 10, aar. pii. ess. 12 aanee rack 1), tasech prathinanche asankhya eukariot-vishisht vistar, chhotya upaghatakanchya dravak-ughad bajula sthit aahet. yethe, teey aar. aar. aine. aii. vistar vibhaganchya sthirikaranat sahbhagi hotat. shivay, 40 chya upaghatakatil choch punha tayar kelee jaate, kaaran aar. aar. aine. aii. chee jaaga aar. pii. ess. 10 aanee aar. pii. ess. 12 prathinanni ghetali aahe.
40 chya dashkatil upaghatkasathi pahilyanusar, 60 chya dashkatil upaghatakatil serve eukariot-vishisht prathine (aar. pii. ell. 6, aar. pii. ell. 22, aar. pii. ell. 27, aar. pii. ell. 28, aar. pii. ell. 29 aanee aar. pii. ell. 36) aanee anek vistar dravak-ughad bajula sthit aahet, jyamule eukariotic-vishisht aar. aine. aii. vistar vibhaganshi parasparsanvadache eka guntaguntiche jaale tayar hote. aar. pii. ell. 6, aar. pii. ell. 27 aanee aar. pii. ell. 29 anukrame ess. ess. sanch ess. 7-eae. ess. 39, ess. ess. 31-eae. ess. 20-eae. ess. 26 aanee ess. ess. 9-eae. ess. 12 aanee aar. pii. ell. 28 sthir vistar vibhag ess. 7aii. darmyan sampark sadhatat.
ubiquitin fusion prathine.
eukeriotsmadhye, lahan upghatak prathine aar. pii. ess. 27aii. (kinwa ess. 31) aanee mothe upghatak prathine aar. pii. ell. 40. (kinwa ell. 40) heey prakriya kelele polypeptides asatat, jyanche bhashantar aine-terminal ubiquitin domain vahoon nenari sanlayan prathine mhanoon kele jaate. donhi prathine ribosomechya mahattvachya karyatmak kendranchya shejari sthit asatatah eae. ess. 31 chey ashuddha ubiquitin kshetra) aanee ell. 40 anukrame decoding sitewar aanee translation factor binding saitjaval sthit asateel. yaa sthitee soochit karatat qee proteolytic cleavage hii karyatmak ribosomeschya utpadanachi eka aavashyak payari aahe. kharokhar, eae. ess. 31 chaa gabha aanee ubiquitin kshetra yanchyatil linkerche utparivartan heey yeastmadhye ghatak asatat.
sakriy sanketsthal.
jivanu, archaeal aanee eukariotic ribosome sanrachananmadhil tulana sakriy thikani-urf peptidil transfer center (pii. tii. see.)-pradeshat khoop uchch pataliche sanwardhan prakat karate. eukariot-vishisht prathin ghatakanpaiki konatehi utprerkamadhye thet sahbhagi honyasathi purese jawalche naheet. tathapi, aar. pii. ell. 29 prakalp tii. madhye sakriy sitechya 18aii. chya aat aahet. thermophila aanee eukariot-vishisht vistar heey 60 chya upaghatakatil pii. tii. see. chya aaspaschya anek prathinanna ekmekanshi jodatat, tarr sambandhit 50 chya dashkatil prathine ekatma ghatak aahet.
aantar-up-vibhag pool.
done ribosomal upaghatakanmadhil samparkanna aantar-upghatak pool mhanatat. eukariotic raybosommadhye, 60 chya dashkatil vistar vibhag aanee prathinandware atirikt sampark tayar kele jaatat. visheshtah, 60 chya dashkatil prathin aar. pii. ell. 19 chaa see-terminal vistar 40 chya dashkatil aar. aar. aine. aii. chya eae. ess. 6eae. shhee sanvad sadhato aanee 60 chya dashkatil prathin aar. pii. ell. 24 chaa see-terminal vistar 40 chya dashkatil aar. pii. ess. 6 aanee aar. aar. aine. aii. helics etch. 10. shhee sanvad sadhato. yavyatirikt, 60 chya dashkatil vistar vibhag ess. 31 aanee ess. 41 anukrame 40 chya dashkatil upaghatakatil aar. pii. ess. 3aii. (ess. 1) aanee aar. pii. ess. 8. shhee sanvad sadhatat aanee moolbhut 25-emino-acid peptide aar. pii. ell. 41 80 chya dashkatil raybosommadhil upghatak interfacevar sthit aahe, donhi upaghatakanchya aar. aar. aine. aii. ghatkanshi sanvad sadhatat.
sanketanmadhye bhoomika asaleli ribosomal prathine.
done 40s ribosomal prathine (rack 1 aanee aar. pii. ess. 6 (kinwa eae. ess. 6)) cellular signalingmadhye samavisht kelee gelee aaheth rack 1, jyache pratham sakriy protein keynage see (pii. keey. see.) chey receptor mhanoon varnan kele gele aahe, haah eukariotic ribosomecha avibhajya ghatak aahe aanee too dokyachya mageel bajus sthit aahe. heey signal-transduction marg thet ribosomeshy jodu shakate, jaree asambandhit asambandhit anek anuvadatmak prakriyanmadhye dekhil tyachi bhoomika aahe (punaravalokan kele). ribosomal prathine eae. ess. 6 hii 40 chya upaghatakanchya ujavya payathyashi sthit aahe aanee rapamycin (emm. tii. aar.) signalingachya sastan pranyanchya lakshyachya pratisadat phosphorylated aahe.
karyatmak pailu.
anuvad prarambh.
prathine sanshleshan pramukhyane anuvad aarambhachya tappyavar niyantrit kele jaate. eukariotsmadhye, canonical diksha margasathi kiman 12 prathine diksha ghatakanchi aavashyakta asate, jyapaiki kahee swatah mothe sankul asatat. 40 chya dashkatil sanrachanah eae. aay. eff. 1 aanee 60 chya dashkatilah eae. aay. eff. 6 sankule eukariotic ribosome aanee niyamak ghatakanmadhil anoo parasparsanvadachi pahili tapshilvar antardrushti pradan karatat. eae. aay. eff. 1 heey prarambh codon nivadimadhye samavisht aahe aanee eae. aay. eff. 6 heey upghatakanna jodanyas pratibandh karate. tathapi, eukariotic aarambh ghatakambaddalachi sanrachanatmak mahitee aanee ribosomeshy tyancha sanvad maryadit aahe aanee mukhyatve samarupata model kinwa qamee-resolution vishleshanatun prapt hoto. niyamak prakriyanchya yantravadi samajasathi anoo staravar eukariotic ribosome aanee diksha ghatak yanchyatil parasparsanvadache spashtikaran aavashyak aahe, parantu diksha sankulanchi antarnihit gatishilata aanee lavchikatemule eka mahattvapoorn tantrik aavhan darshavate. sastan pranyanchya purv diksha sankulachi pahili rachana cryo-electron sukshmadarshakadvare kelee gelee. cryo-emm tantrik sudharananmule prerit, prarambh sankulanchya itar sanrachananni lavkarach pathpurava keela. tyaa sanrachananmule eucariotsmadhil anuvad aarambhachi prakriya adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghenyas madat hoil.
ribosomal prathinanchya niyamak bhoomika.
eukariotic ribosomechi vaiyaktik prathine thet anuvad niyamanat yogdan detat asey soochit karnyasathi alikadil anuvanshik puravyancha arth lavala gela aahe. tathapi, haah arth vivadaspad aahe aanee kahee sanshodhakanni assa prastav mandala aahe qee ribosomal prathin janukanmadhil anuvanshik badal apratyakshapane ekoon ribosome sankhya kinwa ribosome biogenesis prakriyevar parinam karatat.
prathinanche sthanantar aanee lakshyikaran.
peshimadhye tyanchi karye karnyasathi navyane sanshleshit prathine peshitil yogya sthanavar lakshyit kelee gelee pahijet, jee prathine lakshyikaran aanee sthanantar pranalidware sadhya kelee jaate. vadhanare polypeptide mothya upaghatakatil arund bogdyatoon ribosome sodate. 60 chya dashkatil upaghatakanchya nirgaman bogdyachya sabhovatalacha pradesh jivanu aanee archaeal 50 chya upaghatkanshi khoop samaan aahe. atirikt ghatak bogdyachya baher padnyachya sabhovatalachya prathinanchya prathinanchya staraparyant maryadit asatat, bahudha sthanantaranachya yantrasamagrichya ghatkanshi sanrakshit parasparsanvadvare. eukeriotsmadhye lakshyikaran aanee sthanantaran yantrana adhik klisht asate.
ribosomal rog aanee karkarog.
ribosomopathy heey janmajat manvi vikar aahet jeey ribosomal prathine kinwa aar. aar. aine. aii. janukanmadhil doshanmule kinwa itar janukanmule hotat jyanche utpadan ribosome biogenesismadhye guntalele asate. udaharananmadhye ex-linked discaratosis congenita (ex-dc), diamond-blackfan anaemia, treacher collins syndrome (tii. see. ess.) aanee schwatchman-bodian-diamond syndrome (ess. bii. dii. ess.) yancha samavesh hoto. ess. bii. dii. ess. heey ess. bii. dii. ess. prathinanmadhil utparivartananmule hote, jeey jee. tii. pii. pii. jalvichhedanala jee. tii. pii. eff. ell. 1 dware jodanyachya tyachya kshamatevar parinam karate aanee 60 chya dashkatil upaghatakatun eae. aay. eff. 6 sodate.
upcharatmak sandhee.
ribosome heey jivanurodhi aushadhansathi eka pramukh lakshya aahe, jeey dirghavadhi chakrachya vividh tappyanvar anuvadat hastakshep karatat, bahutek vaidyakiyadrushtya sambandhit anuvad sanyuge jivanu anuvadasathi avarodhak asatat, parantu eukariotic anuvadasathi avarodhkanmadhye karkarog kinwa burshivirodhi kemotherapimadhye vaparasathi upcharatmak kshamata dekhil asoo shakate. dirghata avarodhak 'inn vivo' aanee 'inn vitro' hii antitumer kriya darshavtat. eukariotic translation vadhicha eka vishari avarodhak mhanje glutarymide pratijaivik cycloheximide (see. etch. ex.), jeey eukariotic 60 chya upghatkasah saha-sfatikikaran kele gele aahe aanee ribosomal eae sitemadhye bandhale gele aahe. eukariotic ribosomeche sanrachanatmak vaishishtyikaran naveen jivanurodhi rachnansathi sanrachana-aadharit paddhatincha vapar karnyas saksham karoo shakate, jyamadhye eukariotic aanee jivanu raybosommadhil farkancha vapar aushadhanchi nivadakshamta sudharanyasathi keela jaau shakato aanee tyamule pratikool parinam qamee kele jaau shakatat.
nirmiti yantrana.
eukariot ribosomes tayar hotat aanee nucleolasmadhye ekatra kele jaatat. ribosomal prathine nucleolasmadhye pravesh karatat aanee chaar aar. aar. aine. aii. strands ekatra yeuun done ribosomal upghatak (eka lahan aanee eka motha) tayar karatat jeey purn ribosome tayar kartil. ribosome ekake nuclear chhidranmadhun kendrak sodatat aanee prathine sanshleshanachya uddeshane peshidravyat ekada ekatra yetat.

