
shibiranche yuddh

shibiranche yuddh (), haah lebananchya yadavi yuddhachya 1984-1990 tappyatil eka up sangharsh hota, jyamadhye berutmadhil palestini nirvasit shibiranna sheeya amal miliciane vedha ghatala hota.
kadhikadhi muslim viruddha khrishchan asey varnan kele jaate, lebananche gruhyuddha haah pratyakshat eka bahuayami sangharsh hota jyamadhye muslim aanee khrishchan yanchyat hinsachar jhaala hota, tyach dharmachya sadasyanmadhye jawaljawal aantar-gut hinsachar jhaala hota. tyaa sandarbhat, sangharshachi tulana lebanese sainya (ell. eff.), sameer gejia yanchya netrutvakhalil pramukhyane khrishchan maronite milicia aanee lebanese sashastr dalanchya (ell. aii. eff.) michel aunachya khrishchan-niyantrit gatatil ladhaishi kelee jaau shakate.
parshvabhoomi.
1948chya arab-israyali yuddhadarmyan aanee tyanantarchya palestini lokanchya nakba (sankat) darmyan, lakho palestini nirvasit dakshin lebnonla paloon gele. kaushalya aanee bhandwal asalelya kahee palestini lokanna shaharanmadhye rahanyachi aanee sanmananiy jeevan jaganyachi parvanagi hotee; matra, bahusankhya niradhar shetkari hote jeey keval lebananchya arthvyavasthela tyanche akushal kaam deu shakat hote aanee bahutek mukhya shaharanjavalachya asvachch nirvasit shibiranmadhye rahat hote. dakshin lebnonmadhye pohochalyanantar, sthanikanna tyanchya vinashkari paristhitibaddal sahanubhooti hotee aanee adhikaanyaanee paristhiti hatalali jaiparyant anekanna abdul hussen sharaf adha-dinchya "all-jaa 'faria" shalet aashray denyat aala hota. palestini vidyarthyanna palestinemadhye tyanni jeey suru kele hote teey purn karanyachi mubha denyasathi, sharaf adha-deenane 'matrick' mhanoon olakhala jaanara palestini abhyaskram dekhil suru keela. palestinemadhil sheeya gavantil loksankhyechya khalee asalelya lokanmadhye sahanubhooti hotee, jyapaiki anekanchi hatya karnyat aalee hotee.
1964 madhye palestine mukti sanghatanechya (pii. ell. oo.) sthapanepurvich, lebnon aanee itar arab deshanmadhye rahana nirvasit palestini vicharvantanni 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat gupt nimalashkari gut tayar karnyas suruvat kelee. 1956 madhye, sharaf adha-deenchya "all-jaa 'faria" shalene israyalmadhye halle suru karnyachya ekmev uddeshane 25 lebnani aanee palestini vidyarthyancha samavesh asalela eka chhapamar gut aayojit keela. shivay, 1969 madhye kairo kararapurvi, ploche adhyaksh ahmed shukeri (1964-1967) yanni dakshin bhagatil kaafar dunin gavat ploo prashikshan shibir ubharale hote. tyamule kahee lebananinmadhil, visheshtah sheeya lokanmadhil palestini samarthak bhavna uchch hotee. tathapi, april 1969 madhye palestinian aanee lebnani sainya yanchyatil sangharshanantar haah binshart pathimba radd karnyat aala. palestini karvayanviruddha israyali pratikaramule mukhytah sthanik nagrik prabhavit jhaale aanee 1970 madhye dakshinekadun 50,000 hoon adhik lokanche sthalantar jhaale. dusht gatanchya krutimule sthanikanche paravrutti honyas aanakhi hatbhar lagla, jase qee sampoorn berut aanee dakshinet chaukya ubharane, jyaa kruticha moosa sadarne mukhya pravahatil lokanche pratinidhitva naan karane mhanoon nishedh keela.
juuna 1982 madhye israyalane lebnonver kelele dusare aakraman, ploo adhyaksh yasir arafat yanchya netrutvakhali hajaro palestini sainikanna dakshin lebnon aanee paschim berutmadhun baher kadhanyat yashasvi jhaale. aantarrashtriy tatvadnyanakhali, pii. ell. oo. sainya uttarekadil lebnonmadhye halavanyat aale aanee tripoli yaa bandar shaharat punha sthayik karnyat aale. tathapi, yaa veleparyant, seeriyache adhyaksh hafez all-asad yanni arafat aanee tyachyashi sanlagn asalelya palestini gatanna lebnonmadhun hakaloon dile. israyalachya 1982 chya aakramanamule dakshin lebnonchya uthal simevar (10 teey 15 kilometer) tyachya simesathi suraksha kshetra mhanoon 20 varshe chalalelya aakramanachi suruvat jhaali, sthanik sainyashi yutee kelee-dakshin lebnan sainya, jeey moolatah purnapane khrishchan hote parantu haloohaloo sthanik sheeya aanee druze tyanchya shreneet jodale gele. darmyan, syriachya parvangine, iranane lebnonmadhye krantikari rakshakanchi eka tukadi pathavali, jichyavar lahan sheeya dharmik gatanna ekatra aanane, punarrachana karane aanee naveen sanghatanet tayar karnyache kaam sopavanyat aale-hezbullah.
asadane ploo aanee lebnon yaa donhivar niyantran thevanyacha prayatna keela. palestini chhapyanchya halchali aanakhi eka israyali aakramanas aamantran deteel aanee sunni-bahusankhya syriatil tyache alpasankhyak alavi shasson (bahutek sunni) palestini lokanchya pragatimule dhokyat yeil ashee tyala chinta hotee. suruvatila, syrian sarkarne aaplya pasantichya palestinian gatanna prabhavasathi spardha karnyas protsahit kele, jyamule aus-saika, pii. eff. ell. pii.-jee. see. aanee karnalchya netrutvakhalil siiriya samarthak bandkhor fatah gatala pravesh midala, asey all-murgha (aboo moosa) yanni sangitale. tathapi, seeriyache mitrapaksh keval beka khonyasarkhya syrian sainyachya niyantranakhalil bhagatach majboot hote. matra, syriachya niyantranabaherchya bhagat, faata, pii. eff. ell. pii. aanee dii. eff. ell. pii. sarkhya palestini sanghatananna adhik majboot pathimba asalyache lavkarach spasht jhaale.
asadane bharati kelelya all-murghane arafat aanee tyachya nishthavant ladhvayyanna lebnonmadhun baher kadhanyas sangitale. swatah fatahcha majee sadasya asalelya musa yane, arfatchya israyalashi vataghati karnyachya sarvajanik ichchecha yuddhache nimitt mhanoon vapar keela. november 1983 madhye, musachya fatah all-intifada (fatah-udayas yet asalela) gatane tripoli yethe eka mahinyasathi arafavadi fatahshi ladha deela, joparyant decemberparyant arafat punha ekada tunitiala jaat hota. durdaivane asadsathi, arafatche fatah sainya pudhil done varshant shantpane lebnonla paratale, tyanni swatahla berut aanee dakshinetil anek nirvasit shibiranmadhye adakavale.
dakshinet jasjase adhik palestini lock punha ekatra aale, asadchi chinta vadhali, kaaran tyala israyala aanakhi eka aakramanasathi eka bahanam dyayache navhate. yaveli, asadane arafatchya nishthavantanna hatavanyasathi nabih berichya netrutvakhalil adhik shaktishali sheeya amal chalvalitil sainyachi bharati kelee. yaa yuticha fayda asadala jhaala, jyamule tyala tyachya sthanik lebani mitrapakshanchya madhyamatoon lebanese vyavharanvar adhik niyantran thevanyas saksham kele. amalcha fayda mhanje anek dashakanchya palestini ahankaracha aanee lebnonchya sheeya-loksankhyechya bhaganvar aanakhi niyantran midvanyachi sandhee midvanyacha suud ghene.
1985chya madhyaparyant amalcha dongral chauf pradeshatil valid jumblatchya netrutvakhalil druze progressive socialist party (pii. ess. pii.) aanee tichya milicia, peaples liberation armi (pii. ell. aii.) yanchyashihi sangharsh suru hota. amal-pii. ess. pii. sambandh gambhirpane bighadale, tyamule druze pii. ess. pii. barobar palestini yutee punha sthapan jhaali. itar lebnani davya sainyachya bahusankhya sainyanpramane, muhsin ibrahimchya netrutvakhalil lebnonmadhil (okal) communist krutee sanghatnene arafatla parabhoot karnyachya prayatnanmadhye syriala sahkarya karnyas nakar deela. yaa nakaramule syrianancha okalvar rosh nirman jhaala, jyamule tyanna 1987 pasoon bhoomigat kaam karnyas bhag padale gele.
chhavaniche yuddh.
virodhi shakti.
arfat samarthak palestini sharanarthi chhavanichya sainyashi sanlagn asalele lebananche all-maurabitaun, februwari chalvaliche sahave, lebnonmadhil communist krutee sanghatana (oo. see. aii.), druze progressive socialist party (pii. ess. pii.) aanee kurdish democratic party-lebnon (keey. dii. pii.-ell.), jyanna lebananchya communist pakshachya (ell. see. pii.) shaktishali yuticha samna karava lagla aanee sheeya muslim amal chalvalitil lashkari dalanna siiriya, lebananche sainya aanee arafatvirodhi fatah all-intifada, aus-saika, palestine mukti sainya aanee palestinechya muktatesathi lokpriy aaghadi-general kamand (pii. eff. ell. pii.-jee. see.) asantusht palestini gatachya gatanna pathimba hota.
kahee palestinian ladhvayye sayprasdware chhavanit parat yeu shakale. yaa pravasat johnnih yetheel bandaravar niyantran thevana lebnani sainyachya sainikanna mothya pramanat paise dene samavisht hote. 2 janewari 1987 roji, israyali naudalane 164 pravashansah larnikahoon pherii parat kelee. ladhvayye mothya sankhyene yet navhate; eka andajanusar 3-4,000 1985 madhye aale.
april 1985.
6 februwari roji intifadane bahurashtriy sainyala (emm. aine. eff.) februwari-march 1984 madhye berutmadhun maghar ghenyas bhag padale. amalane paschim berutcha taba ghetala aanee shibiranchya bhovati (mukhytah berutmadhye, parantu dakshinekadehi) anek chaukya aanee tapasani kendre sthapan kelee. 15 april 1985 roji, amal, pii. ess. pii. aanee lebnani communist party (ell. see. pii.) chya milicia, lokpriy rakshakanni, mukhya sunni nasserite milicia aanee lebnonmadhil plocha sarvat jawalcha mitra all-maurabitaunavar hallah keela. eka aathvadyachya rastyavaril ladhainantar all-maurabitaunacha parabhav jhaala aanee tyancha neta ibrahim kulayalat yala haddapar karnyat aale.
meey 1985.
19 meey 1985 roji, bairutmadhil sabra aanee shatila aanee burj all-barajneh chhavanivar niyantran thevanyasathi amal chalval aanee palestini chhavanichya sainyanmadhye jordar ladhai suru jhaali. general abd all-haleem kanj yanchya netrutvakhalil lebanese sainyachya pramukhyane sheeya sahavya brigedne aanee purv berutmadhye tainat asalelya general michel aun yanchya nishthavant pramukhyane khrishchan maronite aathvya brigedchya 87 vya payadal bataliyanne amalala pathimba deela. shibiratil jawaljawal serve ghare dhigaonyakhali gelee hotee.
nivval sankhyechya babatit, sheeya lokanchi sankhya palestini lokanpeksha 5:1 peksha jaast hotee. amalala syriane mothya pramanat pathimba deela hota aanee apratyakshapane israyalane pathimba deela hota, tarr plola farsa bahya pathimba midala navhata. lashkari upkarananchya babatit, visheshtah tofkhanyache tukade aanee bakhtarband vahananchya babatitahi amalala plopeksha fayda hota.
jaree pii. ess. pii./pii. ell. aii. aanee ell. see. pii./lokpriy rakshak all-maurabitaunala parabhoot karnyasathi amalsah sainyat sameel jhaale asale, taree teey pii. ell. oo. viruddhachya ladhait lashkaridrushtya tatasth rahile. syriatoon protsahan midalyanantarhi, yaa rajkiy pakshanni aanee tyanchya sambandhit sainyane amalala tondawate pathimba vyakt karnyashivay aanee arafatne rajinama dyava ashee magani karnyashivay dusare kahihi yogdan dile nahee. pii. ess. pii./pii. ell. aii. neey plola druze-niyantrit bhagat tyanche tofkhana tainat karanyachi parvanagi dilee. yamule amalane arafat nishthavantanna hatavanyache kaam sodale, siriyachya arafatvirodhi palestini mitrapakshanchya kahee madatine, jase qee-saika, pii. eff. ell. pii.-jee. see. aanee fatah all-intifada. amal aanee bahutek syrian samarthak palestini gatanmadhil yutee matra akheris chighalali aanee nantar tyanchyat sangharsh suru jhaala. ahmed gibril aanee aboo moosa yansarkhya kahee bandkhor palestini senapatinni ajunahi plochya virodhat amalala pathimba deela, tarr anek arafatvirodhi ladhvayye chhavanichya sanrakshanasathi amalashi ladhali.
30 meey 1985 roji sabryacha barachsa bhag tyachya hallekhoranchya haatee lagla. syriavar arab aanee soviet rajkiy dabav aanee 8 juuna roji yaa vishayavar charcha karnyasathi nirdharit asalelya arab leegchya pararashtra mantryanchya aapatkalin baithakidarmyan, amalane dusya divashi ektarfi yuddhabandi jaheer kelee. asey asoonahi, qamee pramanat ladhai suruch rahili. shatilamadhye, palestini lokanni keval mashidibhovati kendrit asalelya chhavanicha bhag rakhoon thewala. amalane purvathyala pravesh karnyapasoon kinwa tethil loksankhyela baher jaanyapasun rokhalyamule burj all-barjanehala vedha ghatala gela.
mrutanchi sankhya anishchit aahe, parantu jaast asanyachi shakyata aahe. aantarrashtriy dabavamule 17 juuna roji damishkmadhye amal aanee palestini rashtriy moksh aaghadi yanchyat yuddhabandivar swakshya jhalya. september 1985 madhye punha turalak sangharsh ufalun aale.
meey 1986.
paristhiti tanavpurn rahili aanee september 1985 teey march 1986 darmyan punha ladhai jhaali. 27 march 1986 roji tisyanda ladhai suru jhaali, tee kiryat shimonavar jhalelya rockett hallyachya velee; tee teen divas chalali. seadonmadhye, amalane dakshin lebnonmadhye punarrachana karnyacha prayatna karananya palestini gatanna kadak ishara deela. tyaveli assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee lebnonmadhye 2,000 hoon adhik ploo ladhau hote. pahilya ladhainantar agadi eka varshanantar, 19 meey 1986 roji punha jordar ladhai suru jhaali. navyane midalelya judd shastranni (soviet nirmit tofkhanyanche tukade aanee syriane karj dilelya tii-55aii takyansah) balkat jhalelya amalane chhavanya vedha ghatala. anek vela yuddhabandichi ghoshana karnyat aalee, parantu tyapaiki bahutansh kahee divasanpeksha jaast kaal tikali nahee.
juuna 1986.
darmyan, sampoorn paschim berutmadhye, amalane juuna 1986 madhye februwari chalvalichya sahavya chhotya naseraitsarkhya urvarit pramukhyane sunni, palestini samarthak sainyanna dadapun takane suru thewale. plola kurd lokshahi paksh-lebnon (keey. dii. pii.-ell.) chya lebanese-kurdish ladhvayyanni dekhil madat kelee, jeey tyanchya kutumbasah palestini lokansobat nirvasit chhavanit rahat hote. anek davya lebani-kurdish dahashatvadi, 1975-76 lebanese yadavi yuddhadarmyan palestinian chhapamar chalvalinmadhye sameel jhaale aanee heey sainik aata tyanchya gharanche amalpasoon sanrakshn karnyasathi tasech tyanchya palestiniy sathidaranna pathimba denyasathi ladhale. 24 juuna 1986 roji paristhiti thund houu lagali, jevha syrian lokanni tyanchya kahee commando sainikanna 800 lebnan sainyachya sainikanchya vishesh krutee dall aanee antargat suraksha dalanchya sainikanchya madatine tainat kele.
september 1986.
yaa sangharshamule nirman jhalela tanav dakshinetahi hota, jithe pramukhyane sheeya bhagat palestini gurillyanchya upasthitimule varanvar sangharsh hott asat. tisari aanee sarvat ghatak ladhai 29 september 1986 roji suru jhaali, jevha rashidih chhavanibhovati tyremadhye amal aanee sthanik patalivar asalelya ploo gatanmadhye ladhai suru jhaali. kahee puravatha samudramarge aala asala taree amalane chhavanila vedha ghatala aanee nakabandi kelee. palestinianchya serve chhotya chhavanya uddhvast jhalya aanee shekado gharanna aag lavnyat aalee. eka hazar palestini purushanche apaharan karnyat aale. decemberparyant 7,500 palestini nagrik tyreveroon sidonla paloon gele hote, jeey amalchya niyantranakhali navhate. itar hajaro lock antardeshiy bhagatoon paloon gele. sumare 7,000 bigger-ladhvayye yaa shibirat rahile. tyremadhil ladhai suru jhalyanantar eka mahinyanantar amalane berutmadhil chhavanya vedha ghatala. 24 november roji sydenmadhil bahutek palestini gatanchya sainyane rashidihcha rasta punha ughadanyasathi, sydenchya purvekadil tekdyanvaril magdauche khristi shahar asalelya amal sthananvar aakraman kele. eka aathvadyachya ladhait teey shaharachya bahutansh bhagavar niyantran midvanyat yashasvi jhaale. aakramanadarmyan israyalachya havai dalane (aay. aii. eff.) sidonchya aaspaschya palestini sthananvar anek havai halle kele. purvipramanech, arab leegne donhi pakshanvar ladhai thambavanyasathi dabav aanala. 1 december roji saudi arabiacha raja fahad mhanato qee chhavanivaril hallyanni "sarvatra arabanna jakhami kele". 15 december 1986 roji amal aanee siiriya samarthak palestini gatanmadhye yuddhabandichi vataghati jhaali, parantu arafatchya fatahane tee nakarli, jyanni chhavanya puravanyachya badalyat all-maurabitaun miliciala aapali kahee padey deuun paristhiti shant karnyacha prayatna keela.
februwari-april 1987.
janewari 1987 madhye terry weit bepatta jhalyanantar, berutmadhil gatishilata badalali. jaagtik madhyam sanghatananchya shaharat parat yenyamule borge all-barajneh aanee shatilachya vedhyanvar laksh kendrit kele gele. borge all-barajneh yetheel british doctor dow. paulin cutting heey redio durdhvanidware shibiratil paristhitiche chitramay varnan denanyanpaiki eka hote. amal miliciachya chaloo nakabandimule unvachya manavtavadi madatiche shibiranna vitaran karnyavar kathor nirbandh ghalanyat aale hote. tyamule, aavashyak vaidyakeey seva aanee purvathyacha abhav asalyane anek palestini nirvasitanna tras sahan karava lagla. aath aathvade konatehi taje ann kinwa aushadhe aat yeu dilee gelee navhati. 13 februwari roji purvathyachya done truckna borge all-barajnehmadhye jaanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee, parantu teey aalyavar tyanchyavar golibar karnyat aala, sahaa lock thaar jhaale aanee chovis jann jakhami jhaale. 17 februwari roji damishkmadhil nabih berine gherav sampavanyache aadesh dile.
tyach velee paschim berutmadhye hinsacharat mothee vaadh jhaali, jevha druze pii. ess. pii./pii. ell. aii. aanee amal punha ekmekanviruddha jhaale, jyala 'dhvajache yuddh' mhanoon olakhale gele. haah sangharsh suru jhaala jevha eka pii. ess. pii./pii. ell. aii. ladhau, tyanchya netyachya aadeshanusar valid jumblat, massitebay yetheel tallet all-khayat sectormadhil vahini 7 durdarshan kendrakade (frencha "tail liban-kalwa 7") gela aanee tethe phadakavalelya lebananchya rashtriy dhvajachya jaagi druze paach rangancha dhwaj phadkavla, jyacha arth amal miliciamenne chithavanichi janivpurvak keleli krutee assa lavala. lavkarach sampoorn paschim berutmadhye kroor ladhaichi eka naveen pherii pasarali aanee jaree amal sainyane suruvatila vahini 7 imarativaril lebnani rashtriy dhwaj punarsanchayit karnyat yash midavale, taree nantar pii. ess. pii./pii. ell. aii., ell. see. pii./lokpriy rakshak aanee ess. ess. aine. pii. sainyachya yuteene tyanchyavar maat kelee aanee paschim berutchya mothya bhagatoon tyanna hakaloon dile. februwari 1 roji mejar general ghazi kananchya netrutvakhalil 7,000 syrian commando sainikanchya paschim berut aagamanane ladhaicha aathvada sampala, lebananchya antargat suraksha dalanchya (aay. ess. eff.) madatine, jyanni lagechach pannasahoon adhik lashkari "karyalaye" bund kelee aanee sarvajanik thikani shastre balganyavar bandee ghatali, yaa prakriyet dadhi asalelya anek tarunanna lashkari adhikari asalyacha sanshay gheuun tabyat ghetale aanee anadhikrut shastransah sapadalelya konalahi fashi denyas suruvat kelee.
24 februwari roji jhalelya eka ghatanet, jyat visahoon adhik hizbullah samarthak marle gele, tyamule irankadun syriavar tivra dabav aala aanee 800,000 sheeya rahivashansah dakshinekadil upnagar, dahihmadhye sainyachi pragati sampali. tyanantar thodyach velat syrian sainyane chhavanibhovatichi thikane tabyat ghetali aanee tyanna aushadhanchi parvanagi denyas suruvat kelee. mahilanna ann shodhanyasathi baher jaanyachi parvanagi hotee. purushanna nahee. assa andaj vartavala jaat hota qee shateela chhavanit 200 aanee borge all-barajnehmadhye 700 ploo ladhvayye shillak hote. sumare 20,000 bigger-ladhvayye hote. shevatchya ladhait sumare 240 lock marle gele aanee 1,400 jakhami jhaale, anek mrutancha mrutyu sheeya jilhyanmadhye jhaala hota, jyavar chaufakadoon golibar karnyat aala hota.
parinam.
yapurvi muslim/davya chhavanit (purvichi lebani rashtriy chalval kinwa ell. aine. emm.) antargat ladhai jhaali hotee, parantu itakya mothya pramanavar kadhihi jhaali navhati. yamule anek muslim sainyadalanna sarvajanik pratimechya drushtine motha dhakka basala aanee ektechi dharana nasht jhaali. mukhya lebani sunni sainya, all-maurabitaunacha chendamenda karnyat aala aanee tyancha neta ibrahim kulayalat yala haddapar karnyat aale. kahee shibiranvar ploche niyantran rahilyane parinam qamee jhaale.
yuddhachya shevati, lebnan sarkarchya adhikrut ahavalat asey mhatale gele qee amal aanee palestini lokanmadhil ladhait yaa ladhayanmadhye ekoon 3,781 mrut aanee 6,787 jakhami jhaale. shivay, syrian samarthak aanee arafat samarthak sanghatananmadhil aantar-gut sangharshat thaar jhalelya palestinian lokanchi sankhya sumare 2,000 hotee. kharee sankhya kadachit tyahoon jaast aahe kaaran hajaro palestinian lebnonmadhye nondanikrut navhate aanee nakabandicha arth assa hota qee konatehi adhikari chhavanit pravesh karoo shakat navhate, jenekarun serve mrutanchi ganana kelee jaau shakat nahee. ploo viruddha amalane suru kelele "chhavaniche yuddh" sampatach, dharmikdrushtya kendrit hezbullah aanee tyacha pratispardhi moolatah dharmnirpeksh amal heey dakshin lebnonmadhye aanee berutchya dakshin upnagaranmadhye lebnonchya sheeya loksankhyechya niyantranavarun sangharsh karoo lagale.