
ophel pithos

ophel pithos haah israyali puratatvashastradnya eelat majar yanna jerusalemchya mandir dongrajaval sapadalelya syremic baranichya tukadyavar 3000 varshe juna shilalekh aahe. 
shodh.
2012 madhye utkhananadarmyan ophel pithos sapadala hota aanee 2013 chya unhalyat haah shodh jaheer karnyat aala hota. jerusalemmadhe sapadalela haah sarvat juna varnanukramik shilalekh aahe. eelat majarne jyaa kumbharavar haah shilalekh isavi sunpoorv 10vya shatkat lihila gela hota, tyachi tarikh sangitali aahe. yaa tukadyacha arth lavane vadgrast aahe, jyache vachan heey sanvedanatmak davyanpasun teey kiman sanshayvadaparyant bhinn aahe.
haah tukada eka pithos, eka motha galarahit syremic barani, eka syremic jodanit sapadlyanantar, itar 6 mothya sathavan baranisah yeto, jyat ektritpane eka bharane hote, jeey imaratichya dusya majlyakhalil pruthvila balkati denyasathi vaparale gele hote. yaa jaageche utkhanan karananya puratatvashastradnyanni heey thikan, khristapoorv 10vya shatkatil, david aanee soloman yaa baybalsambandhi kalatil samkalin asalyache olakhale. baine-gurian vidyapithachya schmuell ahituvachya matey, yaa shilalekhane baranichya khandyala jakhama kelya asoon tyat shilalekhacha shevat aanee tyachya suruvatiche eka akshar aahe.
tadnyanni heey lekhan resheey varnamala vayavya semitic aksharanche udaharan mhanoon olakhale, ahituvane teey visheshtah israyali rajvatichya kalachya purvavarti vividh prakarchi proto-kanani kinwa prarambhik kanani lipi mhanoon olakhale aanee jerusalemmadhe sumare 250 varshanparyant sapadalela sarvat juna nirvivadpane hibru shilalekh. ahituvane vachanyasathi majkurache lipyantaran davikadoon ujavikade keleh
m, q, p, h, n, l?, aine.
asha prakare lipyantaran karoon, yaa sanyogamule konatyahi dnyat pashchatya semitic bhashet konatahi arth samajala jaat nahee. puratatvashastradnyanni assa andaj vartavala qee, too hibru bhashet lihilela naslyamule, haah majkoor devidchya samrajyachi sthapana honyapurvi jerusalemmadhe rahana jebusitechya navacha sandarbh deu shakato.
khristofar rollstonne, hii patkatha finician asalyacha yuktivad karananya kahee vidvanansamor, ahituvachya vachanashi sahmati darshavali. rollston namood karatat qee yaa kalat, vayavya semitic aanee finicianmadhil likhanachi disha synistrograde (ujavikadoon davikade) mhanoon pramanit kelee gelee hotee, tarr koralela majkoor prarambhik varnamalacha vaishishtyapurn aahe, i.eae., dextrograde (davikadoon ujavikade) script. rollston haah majkoor 11vya shatkatil aahe, joou ahituvachya 11vya-10vya shatkatil tarkhechya suruvatichya shevati aahe.
rollstonche pratilekhan,
m, q, l, h, n, r?, aine.
eka lakshaniy lexem kinwa semitic mool milate, mhanje cope, lammed, hett, jyacha arth 'bhande, kadhai' assa hoto. too assa andajahi lavto qee tyanantarchya nanchya nantar ell, navhe tarr aar, resh asoo shakatat, jeey tanakhmadhye pramanit kelele naav suchavatat, mhanje nerr, baybalmadhil abner benaner, solachya sainyacha senapati yacha purava mhanoon.
yaulat, gershon gallil heey mutt gheto qee haah majkoor ibri aahe aanee too isavi sunpoorv 10 vya shatkachya uttaradhatil asava, kaaran too ujavikadoon davikade, sinistrograde vachato aanee ahavalanusar done paryayi vachan pradan karatoh
(aaa) [aine. tii.] aine. [tii. tii.] aine. ell. kyu. emm. 
jyacha arth assa hoil qee, [tumche garib bhau-tumhi] sarvancha tyancha vaataa tyanna milel.
kinwa
(buub) [...]m [yy] n hlq m [...], 
kharab jhaleli wine' assa arth midvane...'. 
gallilche pasantiche vachan (buub) prarambhik 'emm' heey rajvatichya varsh sutratil antim akshar mhanoon ghete, 'esreem' (vees) kinwa 'shloshim' (tees); 'yayeen' 'wine' madheel duheri yode tyachya dakshinekadil hibru varnala eka sanket mhanoon, tarr 'halak' hii eka vyakhya asel, jee ugaritchya oenological vargikaranachi vaishishtyapurn asel, jee sarvat qamee darjachya winecha sandarbh dete. yacha arth assa hoil qee, yaa baranimadhye rajachya saktichya majur vargasathi vaparlya jaananya kharab draksharas hota.
dugglus petrovic gallilshy sahmat aahe qee shilalekh hibru aahe, too synistrograde vachala pahije aanee urvarit stroke keval yode-yodmadhye punarsanchayit kele jaau shakatat, kaaran itar konatehi punarsanchayit karane vajvi nahee. tyachya drushtikonatil mukhya farak assa aahe qee too prarambhik drishyaman patra (ujavikadoon) eka memnaivaji eka nun mhanoon vachato. too heey dekhil manya karato qee haah shilalekh vyavsayik utpadanasathi (yaa prakaranat, daroo) varsh-tarikh/labeling sootra mhanoon lihila gela hota, udaharanarth ii. sha. puu. 7 vya shatkatil gibiyanmadhil barani-hatalani shilalekh, jaree too asey manato qee shilalekh bahudha asey vachato, '[farsmadhye] tii (rajvatit) varshah [bagetlya] syudo-[wiin] eae??]'. too suchavato qee pithos solomanchya pahilya varshi tayar karnyat aale hote kaaran devidne tyachya pahilya varshi jerusalemvar niyantran thewale navhate aanee rehobomchya karkirdila kadachit matichya bhandyanchya sangrahanachya puratatviy sandarbhat khoop usheer jhaala aahe.
germanytil menz yetheel johannes gutenberg vidyapithachya pracheen hibru aanee shilalekhavaril sanshodhan vibhagatoon lehmann aanee zarneke yanni paddhatshirpane vegala drushtikon nivadala. konatihi purvadharana talhanyasathi aanee sherdmadhye konatehi nirnayak nidanatmak lexem naslyamule jeey teey konatya bhashet lihile aahe yabaddal sanket deu shakate, lehmann aanee zarneke yanni keval lekhan prakriyechya sandarbhat scriptche vishleshan karnyacha aanee tutalelya aksharanchi katekorpane tulanatmak purapashanshastriy aadharavar punarrachana karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
teey likhanachya dishene avalambun ektar m-q-p-h-n-m-s-n kinwa n-m-n-h-p-q-m vachanyachi soochana karatat. tyaa bhashebaddal nirnayak mahitishivay heey nishchit kele jaau shakat nahee, jee tyaa velee jerusalemmadhe keval ibri lokanpurati maryadit navhati.