
drushtivaishamya (optical systeams)

drushtivaishamya asaleli prakash pranali mhanje done lumb pratalanmadhye pasarana kirananche vegvegale kendra asatat. jarr drushtivaishamya asaleli prakashik pranali crosschee pratima tayar karnyasathi vaparali gelee tarr ubhya aanee aadvya resha done vegvegalya antaravar tikshna kendrasthani asateel. hii sandnya greek shabd α-("a-") mhanje "viina" aanee στίγα ("kalank"), "eka chinh, thipke, chhidra" pasoon aalee aahe.
drushtivaishamya prakar.
drushtivaishamya done bhinn prakar aahet. pahila mhanje truteey-kramacha vichalan, joou prakashik akshapasun door asalelya vastunsathi (kinwa vastoonchya bhagansathi) hoto. jevha prakash pranali purnapane samamiteey asate tevhahi vichalanacha haah prakar udbhavato. yala anekada 'ekvarniy vichalan' asey sambodhale jaate, kaaran teey ekach tarangalambichya prakashasathi dekhil ghadate. tathapi, hii shabdavali dishabhul karnari asoo shakate, kaaran optical pranalitil tarangalambinusar vichalanache "praman" jordarpane badaloo shakate.
drushtivaishamyacha dusra prakar tevha udbhavato jevha prakash pranali prakash akshabaddal samamiteey nasate. heey rachnadvare (dandgolakar lenschya babatit) kinwa ghatakanchya prushthbhagavaril nirmiti truti kinwa ghatakanchya chukichya sanrekhanamule asoo shakate. yaa prakaranat, aksheey vastoo bindunvaril kiranansathi dekhil drushtivaishamya disun yete. drushtivaishamya aanee dolhyanchya dekhbhalisathi drushtivaishamya haah prakar atyant mahattvacha aahe, kaaran manvi dolha anekada parpatalachya kinwa lenschya aakaratil apurnatemule haah vichalan darshavito.
truteey-kram drushtivaishamya.
drushtivaishamya yaa prakarachya vishleshanamadhye, vastuvareel dilelya bindupasoon kiranancha vichar karane sarvat samanya aahe, jeey done vishisht staranmadhye pasaratat. pahile pratal mhanje 'sparshika pratal'. heey asey pratal aahe jyamadhye vicharadhin object point aanee samamiticha aksh yaa donhicha samavesh aahe. yaa pratalavar pasarana kirananche sparshika kiran mhanatat. jyaa vimananmadhye optical aksh samavisht asato teey 'meriditional' viman asatat. keval ubhya ("vaay") pratalatil object points nivadoon trijya-samamiteey optical pranalinmadhil samasya sulabh karane samanya aahe. yaa pratalala nantar kadhikadhi 'meriditional plain' mhanoon sambodhale jaate.
vishleshanat vaparale jaanare dusare pratal mhanje "sagittal pratal". yachee vyakhya sparshikechya pratalache lambgolakar pratal mhanoon kelee jaate, jyamadhye object point vicharat ghetala jaato aanee optical pranalichya pravesh putalyavar optical akshala chhedato. yaa pratalamadhye mukhya kiran asato, parantu tyat prakash aksh nasato. tyamule teey eka "tirkas" pratal aahe, dusya shabdant meriditional pratal nahee. yaa pratalavar pasarana kirananche naav sagittal kiran asey aahe.
truteey-kram drushtivaishamyamadhye, sagital aanee anuprastha kirane optic akshasah vegvegalya antaravar kendra tayar karatat. yaa kendranna anukrame 'sagital phocus' aanee 'anuprastha phocus' mhanatat. drushtivaishamya asatana, objectvaril auph-exis pointche optical systemdware tivrapane chitran kele jaat nahee. tyaeivaji, sagittal aanee aadvya kendranvar tikshna resha tayar hotat. aadvya kendrasthani asaleli pratima hii eka chhoti resha aahe, jee "sagittal" pratalachya dishene aahe; prakash akshavar kendrit vartulanchya pratima kinwa asha vartulanna sparshika asalelya resha yaa pratalat tikshna asateel. sagittal fokasavareel pratima hii eka chhoti resha aahe, jee sparshikechya dishene aahe; kendratoon utsarjit honanya spokchya pratima yaa fokasvar tikshna asatat. yaa done kendranchya darmyan, eka goal parantu aspasht pratima tayar hote. yala 'madhyavarti kendrabindu' kinwa 'kameet qamee gondhalache vartul' mhanatat. heey pratal anekada drushtivaishamya asalelya pranalitil sarvottam tadjod pratima sthan darshavate.
drushtivaishamyamule honanya vichalanache praman heey vastootil kirananmadhil aanee pranalichya prakashik akshatil konachya chaurasachya pramanat asate. kaljipurvak, drushtivaishamya qamee karnyasathi kinwa door karnyasathi eka prakashik pranali tayar kelee jaau shakate. asha pranalinna anastigmats mhanatat.
ferrenshill samamiteey nasalelya pranalinmadhil drushtivaishamya.
jarr optical pranali akshasamamitiy nasel, ektar optical prushthbhagachya aakaratil trutimule kinwa ghatakanchya chukichya sanrekhanamule, tarr aksheey object pointsasathi dekhil drushtivaishamya udbhavu shakate. haah prabhav anekada guntaguntichya prakashik pranalinmadhye, visheshtah vishisht prakarchya durbinimadhye jaanunbujun vaparla jaato. kahee durbini yaa ghatanevar maat karnyasathi janivpurvak gair-golakar prakashshastracha vapar karatat.
yaa pranalinchya vishleshanamadhye, sparshikechya pratalala lumb asalelya meriditional pratalatil (optic aksh asalele pratal) sparshikechya kiranancha (varr paribhashit kelyapramane) aanee kiranancha vichar karane samanya aahe. yaa pratalala ektar 'sagittal meriditional plain' kinwa, gondhalat takanare, fakt 'sagittal plain' mhanatat.
netradosh.
optometry aanee netrashastrat, ubhya aanee aadvya pratalanchi olakh anukrame "sparshika" aanee "sagittal" meridian mhanoon kelee jaate. netra drushtivaishamya hii dolhyachi eka apavartan truti aahe jyamadhye vegvegalya meridianmadhye apavartan pramanat farak asato. heey samanyatah revolution corneachya eka aspherical, naun-figardware darshavile jaate jyamadhye eka meridianmadhil corneal profile slope aanee apavartak shakti lumb akshapeksha qamee asate.
drushtivaishamyamule bareek tapasheel pahanyat adachani yetat. drushtivaishamya anekada vegvegalya pratalanmadhye (eka "dandgolakar" lains) vakratechi bhinn trijya asalelya lains asalelya chashmyandware, contact lains kinwa apavartak shastrakriyedvare durust kele jaau shakate.
drushtivaishamya heey agadi samanya aahe. abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee teenpaiki eka vyakti yacha tras sahan karate. drushtivaishamya vadhanyache praman vayanusar vadhate. jaree ekhadya vyaktila saumya drushtivaishamya lakshat yet nasale taree, jaast pramanat drushtivaishamyamule aspasht drushti, dolhe mitane, drushtidosh, thakwa kinwa dokedukhi houu shakate.
drushtivaishamya upasthiti nishchit karnyasathi aanee drushtivaishamya praman aanee aksh mojanyasathi dolhyanchya tapasanidarmyan netratadnya aanee netramapi tadnyandvare vaparlya jaanarya anek chachanya aahet. snellen chart kinwa itar dolhyancha chart suruvatila qamee jhaleli drushya tikshnata darshavu shakato. parpatalachya pudhil prushthbhagavaril sarvat tivra aanee sapat meridianchi vakrata mojanyasathi keratometercha vapar keela jaau shakato. parpatalachya aakarache adhik achook pratinidhitva midvinyasathi parpatalachya bhaugolik rachanecha dekhil vapar keela jaau shakato. autorefractor kinwa retinoscopy dolhyachya apavartak truticha vastunishtha andaj deu shakate aanee foroptermadhye jackson cross cylindercha vapar tyaa mojamapanna vyaktinishthapane parishkrut karnyasathi keela jaau shakato. phoropters paryayi tantrasathi drushtipatal aksh aanee shakti nirdharit karnyasathi 'ghadyal dial' kinwa 'sunberst' chartcha vapar karane aavashyak aahe.
drushtivaishamya heey chashma, contact lains kinwa apavartak shastrakriyedvare durust kele jaau shakate. dolhyanche aarogya, apavartak sthitee aanee jivanshaili yancha samavesh asalelya vividh babincha varanvar vichar karoon eka paryay dusyapekaiishaa changla asoo shakato qee nahee heey tharvile jaate. keratoconus asalelyanmadhye, toric contact lains anekada rugnanna chashmyapeksha adhik changlya drushtichi tivrata prapt karnyas saksham karatat. jarr drushtivaishamya heey chalazianmule netragolakachya vikrutisarkhya samasyemule jhaale asel, tarr antarnihit karanavar upchar kelyane drushtivaishamya door hoil.
chukichya sanrekhit kinwa vikrut lains aanee aarse.
hatane kinwa yantrane achook optical bhaganchi dalani aanee chamkavane, samanyatah lakshaniy khalchya dishene daab vaparte, jyamule chamkavanyachya stroke darmyan lakshaniy gharshanatmak bajuche daab nirman hotat jeey ektritpane bhaganna sthanik patalivar flex aanee vikrut karoo shakatat. yaa vikrutinmadhye samanyatah krantichi aakruti samamiti nasate aanee tyamule teey drushtivaishamyapurna asatat aanee vikruteela karanibhoot asalelya samasya durust naan kelyas haloohaloo prushthbhagavar kayamswarupi chamakatat. drushtipatal, vikrut prushthbhag sambhavyatah optical pranalichya karyakshamatet gambhir adhogati aanatat.
dalan kinwa polyshingmule prushthbhagachi vikrutee bhagachya aspect reshosah (vyas aanee jaadiche gunottar) vadhate. pahilya kramane, kachechi takad ghan jadipramane vadhate. 4: 1 teey 6:1 yaa aspect reshovar jaad lains, 15:1 kinwa tyahoon jaast aspect resho asalelya optical vindosarkhya uchch aspect reshochya bhaganpeksha khoopach qamee flex kartil. prushthbhag kinwa tarangmukh truti achookata aavashyakta aanee bhag aspect reshoche sanyojan, visheshtah pollishing darmyan uchch khalchya daab aanee bajuchya shaktinchya darmyan, aavashyak asalelya back support eksamanteche praman vadhavate. optical karyamadhye samanyatah yadruchchikatecha eka ansh samavisht asato joou grind/polish prakriyedarmyan bhag lavchik hott nasel tarr, aakruti-auph-revolution prushthbhag jatan karnyat mothya pramanat madat karato.
optical pranalinmadhye janivpurvak drushtivaishamya.
compact disk players laksh kendrit karnyasathi drushtipatal lains vapartat. jevha eka aksh dusyapekaiishaa adhik kendrit asato, tevha disk prakalpavaril bindupramane vaishishtye andakar aakarat asatat. andakarchi disha soochit karate qee konata aksh adhik kendrit aahe aanee asha prakare lensla konatya dishene jaane aavashyak aahe. keval chaar sanvedakanchi chauras vyavastha yaa purvgrahanche nirikshan karoo shakate aanee diskchya prushthbhagavaril aayatakruti khadde kinwa itar vaishishtyanmule moorkh naan hota, vachan lensla sarvottam laksh kendrit karnyasathi tyacha vapar karoo shakate.
3dii paam/stormmadhe, eka prakarchi optical super-resolution microscopy, drushtivaishamya nirman karnyasathi imaging pranalimadhye eka dandgolakar lains sadar kelee jaau shakate, jyamule vivartan-maryadit prakash strotachya zed sthitiche mojmap karata yete.
lesar reshechya patalyanmadhye eka bindupasoon eka reshet lesar kiran pasaravanyasathi dandgolakar lenscha vapar keela jaato.