
phrank fitzsimmons

phrank edward fitzsimmons (7 april 1908-6 meey 1981) heey eka american kamgar nete hote. 1967 teey 1971 yaa kalat teey sanghatil aantarrashtriy bandhutvache karyavahak adhyaksh aanee 1971 teey 1981 yaa kalat adhyaksh hote.
prarambhik jeevan.
phrank fitzseamenscha janm 7 april 1908 roji, pensylvaniatil genette yethe, ayrish-american palak, phrank aanee ida meey fitzsimmons yanchya potee jhaala. tyache vadil madyanirmate hote, jyanni 1924 madhye phrank 16 varshancha asatana kutumbala detroit, mishigan yethe halavale. fitzsimmons 17 varshancha asatana tyachya vadilanche hrudayavikarachya zatkyane nidhan jhaale aanee frankney automobile hardware stoarmadhye kaam karoon tyachya kutumbache sangopan karnyasathi hyschool sodale. 1935 madhye detroitmadhye truck chalak honyapurvi 1932 madhye tyanna detroit, mishigan aanee newyork shaharat bus chalak mhanoon nokri midali. teey sthanik 299 chya teamstersmadhe sameel jhaale aanee sthanik unionche adhyaksh jimmi hofa yanchyashi maitri jhaali.
1936 madhye fitzseamenschi sthanik 299 vyavasay vyavasthapak mhanoon, 1940 madhye sthanik 299 upadhyaksh mhanoon aanee (hofachya aagrahavarun) 1961 madhye sanghatil aantarrashtriy sanghache upadhyaksh mhanoon nivad jhaali. 1949 madhye 80,000 sadasyanchya mitchigan parishadeche sachiv-khajindar mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee aanee 1959 madhye detroitmadhye teamsters sanyukt parishadeche upadhyaksh 43 mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. yaa kalat, fitzsimmons sanghatil "upahasatmak vyaktimatva" mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale; too avichari, labad, nishkriy aanee sahaj lajirvane hota aanee hofa aanee itar lock tyala varanvar coffey kinwa khurchi dharnyasathi lavayache aanee kvachitach tyala konatahi adhikar kinwa kartavye dett asat. tathapi, fitzsimmons heey eka kushal vyavasthapak aanee eka atishay kushal karar vataghati karnare manale jaat hote. hofachya anek kayadeshir samasya aanee niyamit napunsakta asoonahi, fitzsimmons heey sanghpramukhanche kattar samarthak rahile.
sanghache adhyakshapad.
karyakari adhyaksh.
jevha harrold jeey. doshi tharavalelya sanghatil adhyakshanchya virodhat ayashasvi jhalelya uthavanantar gibbonsney december 1963 madhye hofachya karyakari sahayyak padacha rajinama deela, hofa yanni karyalayat fitzseamenschi niyukti kelee. 1964 madhye, hofala jurici chhedchhad, cutt aanee mail aanee wire fasavanuk kelyabaddal ekoon 13 varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. suruvatila fitzsimmons heey hofachya uttaradhikariitake lokpriy manale jaat navhate, parantu julai 1966 madhye fitzsimmons heey sanghanche sarchitanis mhanoon nivadle gele, jyamule anek sanghatil netyanna hofa turungat gelyas fitzsemensla tyacha varas banavanyachya hofachya hetucha sanket midala. 28 februwari 1967 roji, teamsterschya karyakari mandalane, jarr hofa yapudhe tyachi kartavye paar padnyas saksham nasel tarr fitzseamenschi "karyavahak adhyaksh" mhanoon niyukti karnyacha tharav manjur keela.
ayashasvi jhalelya apilanantar, hofa march 1967 madhye turungat dakhal jhaala aanee tyane fitzseamenschya madhyamatoon turungatoon sangh chalavanyacha prayatna keela. tathapi, fitzsimmons heey keval eka gauravshali gofar asanyakherij dusare kahee navhteh
parantu hofa fitzsimmensna kahihi chalvu denyacha hetu thevato yachee khatri nahee. kharey tarr, itar kahee sanghatak mothya wiggs asehi dhong karatat qee chunky, maitripurna hofa rait bovarmadhye sangh dirghkal ekatra thevanyachi kshamata aahe. "too fakt shengdanyachya lonicha sandwich aahe; too kahee velatach vitalel", hii eka sanghatil aateel vyaktichi spasht tippani aahe.
fitzsimmons aanee itaranni teey hofachya aadeshanusar kaam karat asalyachehi nakarle. hofa turungat gelyanantar vyatyay aalelya rashtriy truck udhyogachya vataghati, tablower fitzsimmons gheuun punha suru jhalya. jaree karar sampushtat aala aanee sangh teen divas tikala, taree fitzsimmons federal madhyasthanchya madatine naveen kararavar vataghati karoo shakale, jeey kahinna vatale qee konatyahi hofa midvu shakat hote tyapeksha adhik shrimant aahe. teen varshannantar tyanni dusra karar keela, jyane teen varshant 27 takke vetanvadh dilee.
1967 madhye fitzsimmonsne sampoorn sanghatil adhyakshapadavar aapali pakad vegane majboot kelee. tyanni aantarrashtriy upadhyakshanna tyanchya swatachya kamanmadhye adhik akshansh deu kele hote aanee tyanna adhikar sopavoon tyanchi nishtha jinkley hotee. julaimadhye tyala padchyut karnyachya karyakari mandalachya prayatnala tyane parabhoot kele aanee tyanantar hofachya sahayyakanchi padchyuti karoon aanee tyachya swatachya samarthakanna (weldon mathiss) sanghatil uchch padanvar badhati deuun too pudhe dhakalala. augustparyant tyanni jahirpane jaheer kele hote qee teey sanghachya adhyakshapadasathi nivadanuk ladhavatil. aktoobar 1967 madhye truck udhyogatil rashtriy mukhya kararasathi vataghati karoon, jyane ishanyekadil 40,000 truckchalkanna prathamach kararat aanale aanee naveen kararasathi vataghati karoon, jyamule paach mahinyancha polad chalakancha sump sampushtat aala, tyane aapali lokpriyata aanakhi vadhavali.
fitzsimansanehi sangharajyala naveen dishene nenyas suruvat kelee. julai 1968 madhye tyanni aanee united auto kamgaranche adhyaksh walter rether yanni asanghatit kamgaranna sanghatit karnyasathi aanee davya vicharsaraniche rajkiy aanee samajik prakalp pudhe nenyasathi kamgar krutisathichi yutee, heey eka naveen rashtriy kamgar sanghatana kendra sthapan kele. fitzsimmons aanee reuther yanni pratispardhi kamgar sanghatana kendranmadhye kamkajache sambandh nirman karnyachya dishene pahile paul mhanoon aii. eff. ell.-siola noow-reed karar deu keela, parantu prastav nakarla gela. yuticha prarambhik karyakram mahatvakankshi hota, parantu 9 meey 1970 roji mishigan yetheel black lekjaval viman apghatat ryutharcha mrutyu jhalyane yuteela gambhir dhakka basala. vahan kamgaranna tyanchya kamansathi nidhi dene suru thevanyas asamarth rahilyane janewari 1972 madhye haah gut kosalala.
pahile adhyaksh.
19 juuna 1971 roji hofane sanghpramukhpadacha rajinama deela aanee 9 julai 1971 roji fitzsimmons heey swatachya adhikarane aantarrashtriy adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle gele. varshachya akheris, fitzsimmonsne anek hofa samarthakanchi unionchi sarvoch karyalaye shuddha kelee hotee. 1973 madhye tyanni sthanik 299 chya upadhyakshapadacha rajinama deela aanee tyancha mulga richard yachee tyanchya uttaradhikaripadi niyukti karnyat aalee. 10 julai 1975 roji, richard fitzsimmonsne vaparlela linken khand too peet asalelya barchya baher bombney nasht jhaala.
fitzsimn 1972 teey 1977 paryant sanyukt shet kamgaranshi (yuu. eff. doubleu.) kukhyat adhikarkshetrat aanee sanghatit vadat guntalele hote, chhotya sanghatanevar chhapa takala aanee tyachyashi spardha karnyasathi naveen rashtriy shet kamgar sangh sthapan keela. chhape aanee prati-chhape, nakarlele karar aanee sarvajanik sambandhanchya hallyanchi malika december 1972 madhye suru jhaali jevha fitzsimmonsne 1967 madhye noow-reed aanee yuu. eff. doubleu. saha bigger-spardhatmak karar aayojit karnyache aadesh dile aanee sanghakartyanni karar punha ughadanyasathi vataghati karnanyanshi karar keela. yuu. eff. doubleu. neey khatala dakhal keela, aii. eff. ell.-sione yaa karvaicha nishedh keela aanee anek niyoktyanni yuu. eff. doubleu. peksha sanghashi kararanchi vataghati kelee. jaree 27 september 1973 roji maidani kamgaranvar yuu. eff. doubleu. adhikarkshetra aanee packing aanee godam kamgaranvar teamsters adhikarkshetra denara karar jhaala asala, taree fitzsimmonsne eka mahinyachya aat kararala virodh keela aanee californiamadhye shet kamgar pradeshik sangh sthapan karnyababat pudhe gele. sanghatanatmak ladhaya kadhikadhi hinsakahi jhalya. 1975 paryant, yuu. eff. doubleu. neey 24 nivadanuka jinkalya hotya aanee sangh 14 jinkale hote aanee yuu. eff. doubleu. chey sadasyatva sumare 70,000 varoon fakt 6,000 paryant ghasarale hote, tarr sangh kamgaranchya shetkar vibhagat 55,000 kamgar hote. tyanantar yaa sanghakartyanni californiachya 375 hoon adhik utpadkanshi prem karar kele. aarthikdrushtya thakoon gelelya yuu. eff. doubleu. neey march 1977 madhye fitzseamens karar keela jyamadhye yuu. eff. doubleu. neey california krishi kamgar sambandh kayadyantargat yenanya kamgarannach sanghatit karnyache manya kele aanee sanghanna itar serve krishi kamgaranvar adhikarkshetra asel.
aktoobar 1973 madhye, fitzsimmonsne united bruary kamgaranshi dirghkalapasun suru asalela adhikarkshetratil vaad sampavala aanee bruary kamgar sanghanmadhye villin jhaale.
1973 paryant, hofa punha sanghatil kheladunche adhyakshapad tabyat ghenyacha vichar karat hota. 23 december 1971 roji hofa turungatoon sutala hota, jevha tumhi.ess. rashtradhyaksh richard nixon yanni tyanchi shiksha velevar palanyat aalee. amerikechya matey. nyay vibhag aanee white hausachya adhikaanyaanee, hofachi sutka 1980 paryant pratyaksh kinwa apratyakshapane unionchya kamanmadhye sahbhagi naan honyachya ativar manjur kelee hotee. tathapi, hofa yanni assa yuktivad keela qee tyanni asha konatyahi ateenna kadhihi sahmati darshavali nahee aanee nirbandh radd karnyasathi ayashasvi khatala dakhal keela. tathapi, fitzsimmonsne sarkarchya bhoomikeche samarthan kele aanee hofachya sutkesathi vataghati karnyas madat karananya nixonche vishesh sallagar charles colson yanni,
muktata kararachya fitzsimonechya vyakhyela pathimba deela.
fitzsimansavar 'gundanna vikanyacha' aanee teamsterschya nivruttivetan nidhitun mothya pramanat qamee aanee vyaj nasalele karj jamav-sambandhit vyavasayanna denyacha aarop karnare pustak prakashit karnyacha hofacha hetu hota. tathapi, 30 julai 1975 roji hofa gayab jhaala, jyamule fitzseamenschya punarnirvachanela shevatcha mahattvapoorn virodh door jhaala. kahee kalasathi fitzsimmons bepatta honyat sanshayit hota. 1975 aanee 1976 madhye fitzsimmonsne sanghatil kheladunvar aapali pakad majboot karane suru thewale.
1976 madhye fitzsimmonsne punha rashtriy truck vataghatiche nirikshan kele, jyamule mothya pramanat vetan laabh jhaale. punha ekada, karar sampushtat aala aanee sanghatil kheladu rashtriy truck sampat guntale. matra, sump keval teen divasannantar sampala aanee sanghatanechya sadasyanni eka kararala manyata dilee jyat jivanmanacha kharch samayojan aanee teen varshant vetanat 30 takke vaadh yancha samavesh hota.
dusare adhyaksh.
16 juuna 1976 roji newada yetheel laas vegas yethe fitzsimmanschi teamstersche sarchitanis mhanoon punha nivad jhaali. nantar lokshahi sanghasathi teamsters heey naav swikaranaya bandkhor sudharana gatane, fitzsimmons aanee itar teamstersver bhrashtachar aanee sanghatil lokshahi dadapanyacha aarop karat eka motha ahwal jaaree keela aanee juuna teamsters adhiveshanala gherav ghatala. sangharajya nasht karnyacha' prayatna kelyabaddal fitzsimnani bandkhoranvar hallah keela."too manchavarun prasiddhapane kinchalat hotah
jeey mhanatat qee hii sansthet sudharana karanyachi vel aalee aahe, adhikaanyaanee sadasyatva vikane sodanyachi vel aalee aahe, mea tyanna sangato, narkat jaa.
adhiveshanatil pratinidhinna sangh netrutvavaril hallyanni patvoon dile nahee aanee tyanni 17 takke pagarvadhisathi matdan kele, jyamule tyanche vetan varshala 516,250 dollar ($dashalaksh) jhaale 
aaj), aanee tyanni tyala dusya purn karyakalasathi punha nivadoon dile.
1976chya akheris, fitzsimmonsne united parcel sevevar daha aathvadyanchya sampavar dekhrekh thewali. 15 purvekadil rajyanvar parinam karnara aanee 18,000 godam kamgar aanee chalakancha samavesh asalela sump kamgaranna teen varshant 33 takke vetanvadh denyacha aanee purnavel kamgaranchya jaagi anshakalik karmchari niyukt karnyachya niyoktyachya kshamatevar nirbandh ghalanyacha karar jhalyanantar sampushtat aala.
teamsterschya kendriya rajya nivruttivetan nidhivar vishvast mhanoon tyanchi vishvast kartavye paar padnyat apayashi tharalyabaddal 1976 madhye fitzseamenschi chaukashi karnyat aalee aanee 1977 madhye tyanna vishvast mandalatoon rajinama denyas bhag padale gele.ess. kamgar vibhag aanee nyay vibhagane janewari 1976 madhye pahilyanda nidhichi chaukashi suru kelee. donhi yuu. ess. neey tyala summons bajavale.ess. kamgar aanee sarvajanik kalyanavaril sinetchya samiteene aanee kamgar vibhagane, aanee tyanni jamav-sambandhit kahee vyavasayanna dilelya nivruttivetan nidhichya karjambabat aanee nidhichya kamkajababat sarvajanik aanee khajgi bhashet saksh dilee. antargat mahasool sevene nidhicha naa-napha darja radd keela asala taree, fitzsimmonsne anek vishvastanna hatvinyas sahmati darshavlyanantar dand nilambit karnyat aala, jeey tyane september 1976 madhye kele. fitzsimmons aanee roy lii williams, sanghatil kendriya parishadeche sanchalak yanni mandalavar rahanyacha prayatna keela, parantu march 1977 madhye tyanna baher kadhanyat aale.
adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya antim karyakalatil bahutansh kaal truck udhyogachya niyantranmuktateviruddh ladhanyat gela. niyaman radd karnyacha prastav sarvapratham yuu.ess. 1975 madhye adhyaksh gerald phorda aanee adhyaksh jimmi carter yanni 1980 chaa motor vahak kayada manjur karoon jinkla.
fitzsimmonsne dekhrekh kelelya shevatchya rashtriy vataghatinpaiki eka mhanje aanakhi eka rashtriy truck karar hota. niyantranmukti pudhe jaat asatana, 1979 chya suruvatila suru jhalelya vataghati visheshtah katheen hotya. fitzsimmonsne jugar khelala aanee niyoktyanvar atty manya karnyasathi dabav taknyasathi vipso sampanchya malikanmadhye sahbhagi honyacha nirnay ghetala, parantu truck kampanyanni 2 april roji talhebandi karoon pratisad deela. carter prashasanane vetan aanee kimmativar niyantran ladale hote, jeey samoohik saudebaji vetan aanee laabh vaadh 7.5 takkyanparyant thevanyacha prayatna karat hote, parantu fitzsimmonsne varshala 10 takke magani kelee. kamgar vadachya chaar divasanni, vahan utpadan udhyogatil chhatani 100,000 paryant pohochali, jyamule fitzsimansavar tyachya kantrati maganya qamee karnyasathi dabav aala. tyaa dabavanmule sump aanee talhebandi qamee hotee aanee 11 april 1979 roji fitzsimn yanni eka karar keela, joou carterchya vetan-niyantran margdarshak tattvanchi purtata karat hota.
mrutyu.
teamsterschya karyakari mandalachya baithakit shwas ghenyas tras jhalyanantar, december 1979 chya uttaradhat fitzsimansavar shastrakriya jhaali jyamule tyachya shwasanalikemadhil eka ghatak nasaleli gaath kadhali gelee. janewari 1980 chya suruvatila, 'losses angelis herald-parikshak' neey eka katha prakashit kelee jyat dawa keela gela qee fitzsimmons potachya karkarogane grast aahet, jyamule fitzsimmons maran pavat aahet aanee tyachya uttaradhikarasathicha sattecha sangharsh sanghatil kheladunmadhye tivra hott aahe asha vyapak afava pasarlya. fitzsimmonsne tyala karkarog asalyache nakarle. tathapi, julaiparyant, fitzsimmonsne kabool kele qee tyala fuffusacha karkarog aahe aanee gelya saat mahinyanpasun chemotherapy jhaali hotee. tathapi, tyanni swatahla karkarogmukt aanee 1981 madhye punha nivadanuk ladhavanyasathi yogya asalyachehi ghoshit kele.
janewari 1981 madhye fitzseamenscha karkarog parat aala, jyamule varanvar rugnalayat dakhal hone, chachanya, vajan qamee hone, cases galane aanee nairashyache prasang udbhavale. jaree marchchya madhyat teey kamavar paratale, taree aprilchya suruvatiparyant teey itake aajari hote qee tyaa mahinyachya akheris honanya sanghatanechya karyakari mandalachya baithakila teey upasthit rahnar naheet asey anekanna vatale. jaree tyanchya punarnivadanukichya umedvarachi ghoshana karanyachi mudat 1 juuna hotee, taree adnyat union adhikanyanna vatale qee teey itake aajari aahet qee teey mandalachya baithakipurvi tyanchya nivruttichi ghoshana kartil. niyojanane unionche 75 varshiy sachiv-khajindar, antarim adhyaksh reey scossling yanche naav ghenyas suruvat kelee. fitzseamenschi prakruti khalavat asalyachi batami pasarat asatana, kahee union nete union tabyat ghenyasathi ladhu lagale.
fitzseamenschya aajaramule truck udhyogatil kamgar sambandh bighadale. niyantranmuktimule udhyogat tivra spardha aanee darr qamee jhaale hote aanee anek truck kampanyanni heey spasht kele qee teey done varshanpurvi fitzsimmonsne vataghati kelelya vetan aanee vadhiv laabh denar naheet. marchchya uttaradhat punha rugnalayat pravesh karnyapurvi, fitzsimmonsne niyoktyanna patra lihoon tyanni kararache palan karave ashee magani kelee.
1 meey 1981 roji roy lii vilyamsane sanghatil adhyakshapadasathi aapali umedvari jaheer kelee. tathapi, vilyamsane heey spasht kele qee jarr fitzseamenschi prakruti sudharali tarr too aajari general presidentala pathimba deil. unionchya adhikaanyaanee californiatil laa jolah yetheel rugnalayat fitzsimmensna bhet dilee hotee aanee fitzsimmons nivrutt honyas tayar jhaale hote, asha afava pasarlyanantar vilyamsane tyachi ghoshana kelee.
6 meey 1981 roji californiatil sann digo yethe fuffusachya karkarogane fitzsimmanscha mrutyu jhaala. tyanchya pashchat tyanchi dusari patni merrie aanee tyanchi chaar mule assa parivar hota. californiatil paam valvantatil pavitra hriday roman catholic charchmadhye tyachya khajgi antyavidhi sohalyala chaar shoke karnare upasthit hote.