
kirkins-beaurnevton resha

kirkens-beaurnevton marg (), kinwa seadranger marg (), haah norwechya soar-vharenjarmadhil kirkens aanee beaurnevton darmyancha eka lamb railway marg aahe. northern iron yaa khajgi khaan companychya malkichi, eka-marg relvecha vapar keval rose 20 loh dhatoo gadya beaurnevton khanitoon kirkins yetheel bandaraparyant nenyasathi keela jaato. 2010 paryant hii jagatil sarvat uttarekadil railway hotee, jevha rashiyatil obskaya-bovenenkovo marg pudhe uttarekade gela.
1907 madhye bandhkam suru kelelya aanee 1910 madhye railwayche udghatan karananya, seadranger yaa khaan companyne haah marg bandhala hota. 1912 pasoon, bandar jaalyache vidyutikaran jhaale, tasech 1920 madhye mukhya margikeche vidyutikaran jhaale. mulat, mofat pravasi railway seva dekhil dilya jaat hotya. dusya mahayuddhachya kalat, haah marg mothya pramanat nasht jhaala hota, parantu nantar tyachi punarbandhani karnyat aalee aanee 1952 madhye punha ughadanyat aale. 1955 madhye done eae. emm. dii. jee12 dizzell injine kharedi karnyat aalee tevha vijeche karshan sodoon denyat aale. 1997 madhye haah marg bund jhaala, parantu khaninchya malkitil badalanantar 2009 madhye too punha ughadanyat aala. haah marg eka kinwa donhi finish aanee russian railway jaalyanshi jodanyache prastav aahet.
marg.
kirkens-beaurnevton marg lamb aahe aanee beaurnevton khanitoon kirkens bandaraparyant jaato. yaa margavar pravasi vahtook hotee, tarr tyat done sthanke hotee, kirkins sthanak aanee beaurnevton sthanak, jeey ekmekanpasun sthit hote. tisare sthanak, armverplaygangslazer, keval dusya mahayuddhachya kalat aanee tyanantar lagechach vaparale gele aanee teey kirkins sthanakapasun sthit hote. railway haah manak gej, bigger-vidyutikrut aanee ekeri marg aahe.
beaurnevton yethoon suru honara railway marg samudraspatipasun (aii. emm. ess. ell.) varchya eka talapasoon bhoomigat suru hoto. björnevatn pasoon, resha 0.3-percent pravanatasah padnyas suruvat hote. nivasi kshetra paar kelyanantar, pravan 1.5 takkyanparyant khalee yete. yaa vibhagat, haah marg tyachya ekmev bogdyatoon jaato, joou lamb aahe. tyanantar resha eka sapat bhubhagatoon jaate aanee aii. emm. ess. ell. yethe reshechya sarvat khalchya bindukade lamb kapanitoon jaate.
tyanantar railway european road eae6 antargat dhavate aanee aii. emm. ess. ell. paryant pohocheparyant 1.0-percent utaravar chadhayala suruvat karate. yaa thikanahun kirkinsparyant tee eae6chya shejari dhavate aanee tradejevatan, sturrajavn aanee forstevatan yaa talavanmadhun jaate. yaa vibhagacha pahila bhag sapat asatana, kirkinschya dishene bhupradesh adhik firto aahe. haah marg kirkins sthanakatun jaato, jeey aii. emm. ess. ell. aahe. sthanakachya dishene jhoolanari trijya vakr trijya aahe, tarr reshechya urvarit bhagachi trijya kiman trijya aahe. havai pool asey topananav asalelya unch bhagavarun gelyanantar haah marg kirnessmadhil sayalo yethe sampato.
itihas.
bandhkam.
1866 madhye beaurnevton yethe loh khanij sapadale. dhatoo nikrusht darjacha hota, parantu prushthbhagachya jawal hota-khulya khaddyat khankam karnyas parvanagi dett hota, mothya pramanat sathe hote aanee bandarachya jawal sthit hote. 1906 madhye german aanee swedish guntavanukdaranni sidwarenger yaa khaan companychi sthapana kelee. kirkinsmadhye eka pruthakkaran prakalp bandhala gela aanee companyne khanitoon bandaraparyant serve dhatoo railwayne nenyacha nirnay ghetala. ing tii. waldress margache majee vyavasthapak asalele viul yanna railway, bandar aanee nivasi kshetranchya bandhkamasathi vibhagiy nete mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote.
khaan kshetraparyant kamgaranchya vahatukisathi shakya titkya lavkar madat karnyasathi railwaychya bandhkamala uchch pradhanya denyat aale. donhi sthanke 1908 madhye purn jhaali, tyach varshi jevha rulanche bandhkam suru jhaale. yaa margachi railwaychi rachana mulat 30 kiloogram prati meater (60 paund/vaay. dii.) hotee. hamar journstopery yethe bandhanyat aalele pahile vafeche locomotive 1908 chya sharad rututil kalat vitarit karnyat aale. khanitalya rulansathi, eka shunter aavashyak hota aanee companyne eka agnivirahit locomotive vikat ghetale. udghatanachya velee, kirkins aanee beaurnevton yaa donhi thikanchya marganvyatirikt, resha lamb hotee. donhi sthankanvar eka turntable denyat aale, tarr kirkinsla watter tower, motive power depo aanee karyashala dekhil denyat aalee. beaurnevton sthankala agnisurodhi locomotivesathi eka depo midala. mokalya khandkyachya khanitoon marg tayar karnyat aale, jyachi lambi vegvegali hotee. udaharanarth, 1910 madhye khaneet anek marg hote.
7 julai 1910 roji khankam suru jhaale aanee 13 julai roji pahili dhatoo train chalavali gelee. pahila jahaj 11 aktoobar roji kirkinsmadhun nighala, parantu ess. ess. bangal pahilya malvahatukisaha budale. 1911 madhye yaa pranaline 3,30,000 tunn dhatuchi niryat kelee. relvecha vapar kamgaranchya vahatukisathi dekhil keela jaat asey, sakali shaharanmadhun karkhanyanmadhye jaananya gadya aanee kamacha divas sampalyanantar paratanaya gadya. khajgi qaar samanya honyapurvi, railwayne kirkins aanee beaurnevton darmyanchya gadyanvar pravasi gaadee chalavali-jyamule vinamulya pravas karata aala. railwayne kadhihi pravashanchi konatihi anusuchit kinwa sarvajanik vahtook keleli nahee, parantu companychya savalatit asey namood kele aahe qee, nantarchya kalat, adhikanyanna companyla vishisht atinnusar sarvajanik pravasi seva chalavanyachi aavashyakta bhasu shakate.
vidyutikaran.
1910 madhye bandaravar rulansathi vijpurvathyache bandhkam suru jhaale. mulat tyat 500 voltcha thet pravah hota, parantu nantar too qamee karoon 400 volt karnyat aala. kaaran overhead wire krainmadhye hastakshep karoo shakate, tyamule third-rail conduction nivadle gele. matra, rulanvar lokhandi kachyache dheeg padanyachi shakyata asalyane, railwayne rulanchya donhi bajunna eka asey done vahak rull vaparanyachi nivad kelee aanee rulanmadhun vahanara paratava pravah talhala. vijeche ghatak seamens-scookertdware vitarit kele gele aanee 1912 madhye teey vaparat aanale gele. companyne 1910 aanee 1911 madhye boow vheel vyavsthesah done vidyut engines delivery ghetali. seadranger darr 45 minitanni eka poort train chalvat asey, jyat eka locomotive aanee chaar hopper qaar, dhatoo ektrit hote.
mool pranalichi rachana niryat kshamatesathi karnyat aalee hotee aanee 1913 madhye, companyne niryat kelee aanee tyat 1,150 karmchari hote. companyne mukhya margache vidyutikaran suru karnyachya yojana suru kelya, parantu pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat yojana rakhadalya. yuddhadarmyan vikri ghasarali. suruvatila khaan companyne atiutpadan sathavale, parantu nantar utpadan lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaale. 1918 madhye, khanitalya marganche 750 volt thet pravahane vidyutikaran karnyat aale. 1917 madhye seamens-scookert aanee scabo journbenvognfabric yanni done boow 'boow' locomotive vitarit kele. pudhchya varshi, bandarasathi aanakhi eka boow-locomotive bandhanyat aale. jarfjord veej kendrachya bandhkamane veej surakshit jhaali. tathapi, yuddhanantar sahityachya abhavamule mukhya railwaychya vidyutikaranala 1920 paryant vilamb jhaala. tisya railwaymule burf kadhanyat samasya nirman jhalyamule bandarala varchya tarahi midalya. naveen vidyut pranali 23 december 1920 roji vaparat aanali gelee.
1920 chya dashakat arthvyavastha mandavaleli hotee, jyamule ciderangerla 1925 madhye diwalkhorisathi arj karava lagla. tathapi, suvidha lavkar punha ughadanyat aalya. mukhya marg aanee bandar yaa donhi thikani kaam karoo shakananya done naveen boow-locomotives 1930 madhye vitarit karnyat aalya. seamens-scookertney bandhalelya, tyanna "lisa" aanee "sonja" asey naav denyat aale. 1935 madhye seamens-scookertney done mukhya boow 'boow' locomotive vitarit kele, jyanna 'auskar' aanee 'iver' asey naav denyat aale. done varshannantar boow 'laila' aanee 'gerd' heey done jahaj pudhe aale-jeey mukhya marg aanee bandar yaa donhi thikani kaam karoo shakat hote. 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, railway companyne heey kaam purn jhaale nasale taree, pattyanchya jaagi 35 kiloogram prati meater (70 paund/vaay. dii.) vajanachya pattya aananyas suruvat kelee. antim vidyut locomotive heey 1940 madhye bandarasathi vitarit kelele seamens-scookert-nirmit boow unit hote. 1938 madhye, dusya mahayuddhamule utpadan qamee honyapurvichya shevatchya varshi, khaan niryat jhaali.
vyavasay aanee punarrachana.
nazi germanyne norwaver kabja kelyanantar, german prashasanakhali janewari 1942 paryant khankam suru rahile. kirkins aanee railwaychya bajuchya bhagancha aanee khaneet "veharmach" sathee sahitya sathavanyasathi vapar keela jaat hota. sahitya pathvanyachi adhik changli kshamata midavi yasathi 1942 madhye, hagensathi eka shakha marg bandhanyat aala. poort line mhanoon olakhala jaanara haah marg 1943 madhye purn jhaala aanee yuddhanantar too padala gela. "wehermacht" neey "armiverflagongslegger" (lashkari shidhapatrika sathavan) kendra dekhil sthapan kele, jeey yuddhadarmyan aanee yuddhanantar thodya kalasathi vaparale jaat hote. 1944 chya vasant rutupasoon, german adhikaanyaanee khankam punha suru karnyache aadesh dile aanee yaa margavar done vafeche engine aanee tees hopper qaar vatap kelya. german rolling stocksathi eka naveen depo bandhanyat aala.
operation nordlictcha eka bhag mhanoon, kirkins jaloon khaq jhaale, jyamule khaan companychya payabhoot suvidhanche mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale. punarbandhanidarmyan, ciderangerla mothya yantrasamagrichi vahtook jornevtonla karanyachi aavashyakta hotee, tyamule loading gej vadhavanyat aalee. punarbandhanidarmyan serve avjad vahtook relvecha vapar karoon kelee gelee aanee sampoorn khaan suvidhemadhye margika taknyat aalya. 1945 pasoon, pravasi gadya done vasahatinmadhye dhavat hotya, suruvatila vafechya enginance aanee 1950 pasoon vijechya enginance. byornevatanmadhye naveen sathavan jaaga bandhanyat aalya, parantu kaam suru jhalyapasun, khanitali vahtook margvirahit yantrasamagricha vapar karoon kelee jaat hotee. kirkinsmadhye eka naveen bandar suvidha bandhanyat aalee, jyacha marg havai pulavar sampato, eka unch railway marg jyamule prakalp jhaala. 1952 paryant railwaveryl khankam aanee mahasool seva suru jhaali navhati.
shatruchya malmattesathichya sanchalanalayane yuddhanantar seadrangerchya malkicha german bhag tabyat ghetala. 1948 madhye companychi malki rajyakade hastantarit karnyat aalee. yuddhanantarchya suruvatichya yojana sadhyachya rolling stockcha vapar karnyachya hotya. khanitoon bandaraparyant dhatoo train neuu shakanare ekmev locomotive "auskar" hote, jeey 14 hopper qaar aanee trainche vajan 1 kotee paryant neuu shakat hote. tathapi, locomotive avishvasaniy asalyache siddha jhaale, mhanoon seadrangerne naveen locomotive magavanyacha nirnay ghetala. 1955 madhye vidyut karshan vaparatoon kadhoon taknyat aale, parantu varchya taar 1963 paryant tikoon rahilya. 1954 aanee 1956 madhye general motors electro-motive vibhagatoon done jee12 dizzell-electric locomotive vitarit karnyat aale. bobo unitsche veej utpadan hote. yavyatirikt, scabone naveen hopper qaar tayar kelya.
mothya gadyanna parvanagi denyasathi kayamswarupi marg sudharanyat aala. railwayche aakarman 49 kiloogram prati meater (78 paund/vaay. dii.) paryant vadhavanyat aale, satat welding karnyat aalee aanee gravel ballastchya jaagi chiralelya dagadane badalanyat aale. resheche antar sudharana kelyanantar hote. sudharana kelyane excelcha jastit jaast bhaar vadhavta aala aanee trainche vajan vadhavta aale. nammatra trainmadhye air break asalelya 20 hopper gadyancha samavesh hota. 1960 madhye bandaratil marg padanyache kaam suru jhaale, tyanantar pudhchya varshi kirkins yetheel karyashaletil serve marg padanyache kaam suru jhaale. tevhapasoon, companytil serve bigger-dhatoo vahtook raste vahatukicha vapar karoon ghetali gelee. urvarit teen vidyut shunters aanee vafeche locomotive nasht karnyat aale. moow ii ranamadhye norsk journverkla done dizzell shunters vikale gele. aataparyant railwayne 33 vafechya injine, 14 vidyut injine aanee 4 dizzell injine chalavali hotee.
1980 madhye 24 laakh tunn aanee 1000 karmchanyanchya niryatisah yaa khaninche utpadan shikharavar pohochale. 1984 madhye, kamachya thikani vatavaran sudharanyasathi, vaparlele almanna swenska electrisca actibolagate (ashiya)-nirmit tii45 locomotive sweedenkadoon kharedi karnyat aale. tathapi, tyache anek bighad jhaale aanee 1989 madhye teey nivrutt jhaale. tyachya jaagi, eka naveen jee 1203 bibi maskinenbau kilkadoon kharedi karnyat aale aanee 8 februwari 1991 roji kirkinsna vitarit karnyat aale. 1988 madhye, kirkins prakalpacha pahila bhag bund karnyat aala aanee khaan companyne utpadan mothya pramanat qamee kele kaaran tyache malak, vyapar aanee udyog mantralay yapudhe kamkajala anudan denar navhate. 1996chya vasant rutumadhye serve khankam thambale aanee april 1997madhye dhatucha shevatcha bhaar odhala gela. kaam bund jhalyanantar, sarvat juna jee12 soar-verenger sangrahalayat hastantarit karnyat aala.
punha ughadale.
aarktikchya mothya khanije khaninche haqq vikat ghet hotee aanee track aanee rolling stock rakhanyasathi varshatoon ekada teey donada train chalvat hotee. yaa companyne 2002 madhye diwalkhorisathi arj keela. tyanantar khaan companyla sthanik urja company varangar craft aanee soar-varangar nagarpalikene vikat ghetale. 2006 madhye tyanni khaan company tsudi samoohala 10 kotee 20 laakh norwegian cronela (aine. oo. keey.) vikali. tsudi samoohane khaan companychya malkisathi eka dharak company mhanoon austreliyatil parth yethe nondanikrut northern ironchi sthapana kelee. khaan bund jhalyapasun lokhandi kimmatit lakshaniy vaadh jhalyanantar 2009 madhye khaan aanee yaa margavaril kamkaj punha suru jhaale. khaan ughadalyapasun darvarshi 30 laakh tunn niryatiche utpadan apekshit aahe. 2010 madhye rashiyacha obskaya-bovanenkovo marg khula hoiparyant kirkens-beaurnevton marg haah jagatil sarvat uttarekadil railway marg hota.
gadya khechanyasathi khaan companyne vosloh jee1000 bibichi delivery ghetali. 2009 madhye naveen bandhanyat aalele heey yantra 12 februwari 2010 roji kirkinsparyant pochavanyat aale. softwaredware tyacha kamal veg qamee karoon heey yantra manak utpadanapasun vichalit hote; teey pudhe snoplau, hopper karche darvaje ughadanyasathi havah puravatha, redio remot controll aanee jeanny couplers susajj aahe. back-up mhanoon, company mack jee 1203 kayam thewel. junya hopper gadyanche nutanikaran karoon sevet thevanyat aale, tarr trackla naveen concreetche sambandh midale. hii train darroj 20 fekyanparyant dhavate.
18 november 2015 roji khaan company diwalkhorit gelee.
vistar.
1923 chya railway yojnet, sansadene nordland margacha vistar fosk teey vadoparyant karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jyachi eka shakha kirkinsparyant hotee. dusya mahayuddhachya kalat, 'veharmach' neey kirkinsasathi railway bandhanyachya yojananna punarujjivit kele. apoorn dhruviy marg bandhalya gelyapeksha jaast kahee navhate aanee narvik aanee ophoten margachya uttarela kadhihi railway bandhali gelee navhati. tathapi, bhaugolik paristhitiche sarvekshan aanee margachi nivad yasah yaa margachya tapshilvar yojana tayar karnyat aalya.
1992 pasoon, kirkens-beaurnevton resha rashiyatil nickel kinwa zapoliyarniparyant vadhavanyache prastav aale aahet, jithe tee mermansk-nickel resheshi jodali jaeel. donhi marganna jodanyasathi sumare railway nahee. murmansk bandar qamee yogya aanee qamee-pariman asalele asalyane russian utpadananchya niryatisathi bandar mhanoon kirkins vikasit karanyachi magani yaa prastavat karnyat aalee aahe. pramukh hastantaran utpadananmadhye emm. emm. see. norrilsk nikelche dhatoo, aarkhangelskache polad aanee kachche teel yancha samavesh hoto. mermansk-nickel marg 1936 madhye bandhala gela, too lamb aahe, vidyutikrut nahee aanee russian relvedvare chalavala jaato. too russian gej asalyane, kirkins-beaurnevton margache gej rupantaran kele jaeel kinwa duheri gej milel. naveen railway varshala 50 laakh tunn malvahatuk karoo shakel.
2003 madhye, naveen railwaychya aavashyakatesathi andaje 1.4 abj norwegian crone (aine. oo. keey.) kharch apekshit hota, tarr vidyaman russian margachya unnatikaranacha kharch 40 kotee hota. 2007 madhye, mermensk oblastche governor, yuri yevdokimov yanni rashiyashi sambandh thevanyachya yojana nakarlya, asey sangoon qee tyanchya matala rashtradhyaksh vladimir puteen yanche samarthan aahe. kirkins heey marmanskapeksha adhik yogya bandar asalyane, marmanskmadhil sthanik adhikanyanna norwekade pathvanyacha vyavasay gamvayacha nahee. tathapi, rashiyatil kirkinsasathi paryayi marg mhanoon kaam karananya rovanimila jaananya margachya vadhatya vastavadamule, russian adhikaanyaanee 2010 pasoon kirkins aanee russia darmyanchya railway margala punha pathimba deela aahe.
arctic railway navachya finnish railway jaalyashi kirkins jodanyachya shakyatebaddal eka abhyas dekhil astitvat aahe. sambhavya marganmadhye ektar rovnimi, kolari, kemijarvi kinwa yapaiki anek margancha samavesh aahe, sodankila, sariselka aanee evelo marge, nantar inari talavachya purv kinwa paschimela kinwa nickel teey kirkens marge. reshechi lambi darmyan asel. parshvabhoomi mhanje finnish laplandmadheel khankamat jhaleli bharr aanee khol, barfmukt bandarat pravesh karanyachi garaj. baltic samudraparyant railway marg aahet, parantu hivalyat upasagar uthal aanee barfane jhakalela asato. yaa margamule finlandmadhun lakud aanee itar utpadananchi niryatahi houu shakel, tarr norwehoon finland aanee purv europemadhye maase niryat karnyacha marg upalabdh hoil. 2011 madhye, yaa margacha kharch andaje €1.1 teey 1.6 abj itka hota. kolaripasoon skibotan (300 qii. mea.) paryant paschimekade bandhane haah eka lakshaniy vichalan karnara paryay aahe.