aanee bheeti

aanee bheeti hii united statesmadhil eka aarthik sankat hotee, jyane eka mothee mandee odhavali, jee jee dashakachya madhyaparyant tikali. napha, darr aanee vetan ghatale, paschimekade vistar thambla, berojgari vadhali aanee nirashavad bharpur vadhala.
yaa bhitiche mool deshantargat aanee paradeshi asey donhi hote. pashchimatya deshantil sattebajichya karj paddhati, kapasachya kimmatinmadhye jhaleli tivra ghat, kosalanara jaminicha budbuda, aantarrashtriy prajatincha pravah aanee brittenmadhil nirbandhatmak karj dhorane heey serve ghatak hote. vittiy babinche niyaman karnyasathi madhyavarti bankecha abhav, jeey adhyaksh andreau jackson yanni amerikechya jhaala bankechya sanadecha vistar naan karoon sunishchit kele hote, hehee mahattvache hote. 1837 chya suruvatichya yaa aajari arthvyavasthene guntavanukdaranna ghabaravale-tyanantar banq chalavali gelee-jyamule yaa sankatala tyache naav midale. 10 meey 1837 roji newyork shaharatil bankanmadhye sone aanee chandi sampalyane hii dhavpal suru jhaali. tyanni vishisht vastoonchya deyake nilambit kelee aanee yapudhe purn ankit mulyavar vishisht vastoonchya vyavsayik kagadachi paratfed karnar naheet. tyanantar lakshaniy aarthik mandee aalee. 1838 madhye alpakalin punarprapti hounahi, mandee sumare saat varshe tikoon rahili. jawaljawal serve bankanpaiki nimmya banka apayashi tharalya, vyavasay bund jhaale, darr ghasarale aanee mothya pramanat berojgari hotee. 1837 teey 1844 yaa kalat vetan aanee kimmatinmadhil apasfitikaran vyapak hote. 
desh jyaa katheen paristhititun jaat hota, tyaa kalat arthvyavasthela ball ball sakaratmak shakti karyarat hotya. railwaymarganni tyancha avirat vistar suru keela hota. bhattichya gurujananni pig ironche jaast pramanat vaas kase aanayache yacha shodh lavala hota. yantrasamagri aanee dhatoo udyog aakar ghet hote. kolshane, deshachya ushnatecha pramukh srot mhanoon, lakadachi jaaga ghet, chadhai suru kelee hotee. krishi yantrasamagrisaha navkalpana kelyane jaminitun adhik utpadakta yeil. 1840 chya dashakat deshachi loksankhya eka trutiyanshpeksha jaast vadhel. tyanantar 1848 madhye californiamadhye sonyacha shodh lagla aanee tyamule tyachi swatachi samruddhi nirman jhaali. darmyan, vyakti aanee sanstha dukhavat hotya.
karane.
1834 chya madhyapasoon teey 1836 chya madhaparyant aarthik vistaranantarche sankat. tyaa varshant jameen, kapus aanee gulamanchya kimmati zapatyane vadhalya. yaa tejiche mool deshantargat aanee aantarrashtriy asha donhi thikani anek srot hote. aantarrashtriy vyaparachya vilakshan ghatakanmule, mexico aanee chinmadhun americet mubalak pramanat chandi yet hotee. jaminichi vikri aanee aayativaril shulkamulehi mothya pramanat sanghiy mahasool nirman hott hota. kapus niryatitil fayadeshir vyavhar aanee british chalan bajarat rajya-samarthit rokhyanchya vipananadvare, americene britainkadoon lakshaniy bhandavali guntavanuk midavali. yaa rokhyanni americetil vahtook prakalpanna arthsahayya kele. berring bradarsarkhya anglo-american banking sansthandvare upalabdh karoon denyat aalelya british karjanmule, antabellum yugat amerikechya pashchimekadil vistar, payabhoot suvidhanmadhye sudharana, audhyogik vistar aanee aarthik vikasala chalana midali.
1834 teey 1835 yaa kalat europemadhye samruddhi vadhali, jyamule aatmavishvas vadhala aanee jokhamichya paradeshi guntavanukichi pravrutti vadhali. 1836 madhye, banq auph englandchya sanchalakanchya lakshat aale qee alikadachya varshant americi vahatukitil bhandavali andaj aanee guntavanukit vaadh jhalyamule tyachya vittiy sathyat zapatyane ghat jhaali aahe. yaulat, sudharit vahtook vyavasthene kapasacha puravatha vadhavala, jyamule bajarbhav qamee jhaala. kapasachya kimmati hii karjasathichi suraksha hotee aanee americetil kapus raje chukun gele. 1836 aanee 1837 madhye american gavhachya pikanna dekhil heshiyan mashee aanee hiwali marane yacha tras jhaala jyamule americet gavhachya kimmatit mothya pramanat vaadh jhaali, jyamule american majur upashi rahile.
1831 teey 1836 yaa kalat darvarshi gavhachya pikanmadhye sudharana hott asalelya englandla americetil bhook jaanavali nahee aanee 1836 paryant american gavhachi european aayat 'jawaljawal kahich nahee' ashee jhaali hotee. banq auph englandchya sanchalakanna, aarthik satha vadhvayacha hota aanee american defaultsna dilasa dyayacha hota, tyanni haloohaloo vyajdar 3 teey 5 takkyanparyant vadhavanyache sanket dile. paramparik vittiy siddhantanusar, jevha banka qamee aarthik sathyacha samna karat asateel tevha tyanni vyajdar vadhavale pahijet aanee karjavar ankush thewala pahije. puravatha aanee maganichya kayadyannusar vyajdar vadhavane heey vishisht vyaktinna aakarshit karane apekshit hote, kaaran sambhavya guntavanukinmadhye samaan jokhim gruheet dharalyas, paisa samanyatah jithe vahato, tithe too sarvat jaast paratava deil. 1830 chya mukt arthvyavasthet, jyat mukt vyapar aanee tulanene kamkuvat vyapar adthale hote, varchasvavadi shaktichi (yaa prakaranat britton) aarthik dhorane united states urvarit ekmekanshi jodalelya jaagtik aarthik vyavasthet prasarit karnyat aalee. parinami banq auph englandne vyajdar vadhavalyane americetil pramukh bankannahi tase karnyas bhag padale gele.
jevha newyorkchya bankanni vyajdar vadhavale aanee karjavarchi rakkam qamee kelee, tevha tyache parinam nukasankarak hote. rokhyanchya kimmaticha utpannashi (kinwa vyajdar) vipareet sambandh asalyane, prachalit vyajdaratil vaadh american rokhyanchya kimmati qamee karnyas bhag padali asatee. mahattvache mhanje kapasachi magani qamee jhaali. februwari aanee march 1837 madhye kapasachya kimmatit 25 takkyanni ghat jhaali. american arthvyavastha, visheshtah dakshinekadil rajyanmadhye, kapus sthir kimmatinvar mothya pramanat avalambun hotee. kapasachya vikritoon vikritoon pavtyanmule kahee shalanna nidhi midala, deshachi vyapar toot santulit jhaali, americi dollar majboot jhaala aanee parkeey chalan utpann british poundmadhye, jeey nantarche jagatil rakheev chalan hote, midvile. america ajunahi pramukhyane krishi arthvyavastha asalyane tee mukhya pikanchya niryativar aanee prarambhik utpadan kshetravar kendrit asalyane kapasachya kimmatinmadhil ghasaraniche prachand pratidhvani hote.
americet, yogdan denare anek ghatak hote. julai 1832 madhye, rashtradhyaksh jackson yanni amerikechi dusari banq, deshachi madhyavarti banq aanee vittiy pratinidhi yanche punarvitaran karnyasathichya vidheykala nakaradhikar deela. pudhil chaar varshant bankene aapale kamkaj bund kele, tevha paschim aanee dakshin bhagatil rajya-sanadi bankanni asurakshit rakheev praman kayam thevun tyanche karj manke shithil kelee. done deshantargat dhorananmule aadhich asthir asaleli paristhiti aanakhi bighadali. bighadali vishisht paripatrakat asey anivarya kele gele hote qee pashchimekadil jameen keval sone aanee chandichya nanyanni kharedi kelee jaau shakate. heey paripatrak jacksonne jaaree kelela karyakari aadesh hota aanee tyala misauriche sinetara thomas haart benton aanee itar kathor-paishache vakeel yanni pathimba deela hota. sarvajanik jamininmadhil andajanna aala ghalane haah tyacha hetu hota, parantu bahutek kharedidaranna jaminisathi paise bharnyasathi purese paise kinwa "vishisht" (sone kinwa chandichi nanee) aanane ashakya asalyane yaa paripatrakamule sthavar malmatta aanee vastoonchya kimmatit ghasaran jhaali. dusare mhanje, 1836 chya thevi aanee vitaran kayadyane deshbharatil vividh sthanik bankanmadhye, jyanna upahasatmakpane 'paliv banka' mhatale jaate, sanghiy mahasool jamaa keela. anek kinare paschimes hote. donhi dhoranancha parinam mhanje purv purv deshachya mukhya vyavsayik kendranpasun prajati door halavane. tyanchya tijorimadhye qamee aarthik satha asalyane, purv purv pramukh banka aanee vittiy sansthanna tyanche karj qamee karave lagale, jeey sthavar malmatta kosalanyavyatirikt bhitiche eka pramukh kaaran hote.
americi lokanni yaa ghabaratiche kaaran pramukhyane deshantargat rajkiy sangharshanna dile. democrats samanyatah bankeranna dosh detat aanee vigs yanni banq auph daad united stateschya sanadeche nutanikaran karnyas nakar dilyabaddal aanee banketoon sarkari nidhi kadhoon ghetalyabaddal jacksonla dosh deela. march 1837 madhye rashtradhyaksh banalelya martin vanne burenla, jaree tyachya udghatanapurvi keval paach aathvade bheeti hotee, tarihi yaa bhitisathi mothya pramanat doshi dharale gele. aapatkalin madat aanee berojgari qamee karnyasathi sarvajanik payabhoot suvidha prakalpanvar vadhata kharch yasarkhya sankatala tond denyasathi sarkari hastakshepacha vapar karnyas vanne beurenne nakar dilyacha aarop tyachya virodhakanni keela hota qee, tyanni bhitinantarchya nairashyachya adachani aanee kalavadhimadhye aanakhi yogdan dile. dusarikade, jaxonian democratsney, mothya pramanavar pramanavar andajanna nidhi puravanyasathi aanee chalanvadhichya kagadi paishachi suruvat karnyasathi banq auph americela doshi tharavale. kahee aadhunik arthshastradnya vanne beurenche niyamak aarthik dhoran dirghakalin yashasvi asalyache manatat aanee bhitinantar bankanche punarujjivan karnyat tyane mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali assa yuktivad karatat.
parinam aanee parinam.
yaa dahashatiche parinam aksharshah sampoorn deshala jaanavale. connecticut, nyu jersey aanee delaware yanni tyanchya vyapari jilhyanmadhye sarvat jaast tanavachi nond kelee. 1837 madhye, vermontchya vyavasay aanee patt pranalila motha dhakka basala. 1838 madhye vermontcha kaal qamee honyacha hota, parantu 1839-1840 madhye tyala punha jordar fatka basala. nyu hampshirela tyachya tyachya dahashatiche parinam jaanavale naheet. 1838 madhye tyavar konatehi kayamswarupi karj navhate aanee tyanantarchya varshant aarthik taana qamee hota. nyu hampshirechi sarvat mothee adchan mhanje rajyatil apoorn nanyanche chalan.
dakshinetil paristhiti purvepeksha khoopach white hotee aanee kapus pattyala sarvat motha fatka basala. virginia, uttar carolina aanee dakshin carolinamadhye bhitimule pikanchya vaividhyapurnatechya swarsyat vaadh jhaali. nyu orlinsla vyavasayat samanya mandee jaanavali aanee 1843 salbhar tyacha chalan bajar white sthiteet rahila. misisipimadhil anek lagvadaranni tyanche barech paise aagau kharch kele hote, jyamule anek lagvaddar purnapane diwalkhor jhaale. 1839 paryant anek lagwad lagvaditun kadhoon taknyat aalya. louisiana, alabama kinwa misisipichya suruvatichya kalat florida aanee georgia yanna yache parinam jaanavale naheet. 1837 madhye, rojchi kharedi chaloo thevanyasathi georgiakade purese naane hote. 1839 paryant, fluoridian lock tyanchya deyakanchya velechya yogyatebaddal badhai maroo shakat hote. 1840 chya dashakat georgia aanee floridala yaa dahashatiche nakaratmak parinam jaanvu lagale.
suruvatila, paschimela purv kinwa dakshinaitka dabav jaanavala nahee. ohayo, indiana aanee eleanoy hii krishipradhan rajye hotee aanee aanee changli pike pike dilasa denari hotee. 1839 madhye shetichya kimmati ghasaralya aanee dabav shetmajuranparyant pohochala.
done mahinyant ektya newyorkmadheel banq apayshanmule jhalele nuksan sumare 10 kotee dollars itake jhaale. americetil 850 paiki 343 banka purnapane bund jhalya, 62 anshatah apayashi tharalya aanee sarkari bankanchya vyavasthela eka dhakka basala, jyatoon tee kadhihi purnapane savarali nahee. parinami nirman jhalelya mandimule prakashan udyogala visheshtah fatka basala.
anek swatantra rajyanni tyanchya rokhyanvar chook kelee, jyamule british karjdar santapt jhaale. americene aantarrashtriy chalan bajaratoon kahee kaal maghar ghetali. 1840 chya dashakachya uttaradhatach american lokanni tyaa bajarpethanmadhye punha pravesh keela. mandichya itar parinamansah, chook jhalyane rajya aanee aarthik vikas yanchyatil sambandhanvar mothe parinam jhaale. kahee prakare, yaa bhitimule antargat sudharanansathichya janatechya pathimbyavaril vishvas qamee jhaala. jaree yadavi yuddh hoiparyant dakshinet antargat sudharananmadhye rajya guntavanuk samanya rahili asali taree uttarekadil lock vadhisathi aarthik madat karnyasathi sarvajanik guntavanukiaivaji adhikadhik khajgikade pahat hote. yaa bhitimule dangli aanee gharguti ashantateche itar prakar pasarale. yacha antim parinam mhanje adhik vyavsayik police dalansah rajyachya police adhikaranmadhye vaadh jhaali.
punarprapti.
bahutek arthshastradnya sahmat aahet qee 1838 teey 1839 yaa kalat eka sankshipt punarprapti jhaali, jee banq auph ingland aanee dutch karjdaranni vyajdar vadhavalyavar sampali. aarthik itihaskar pieter temin yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee jevha apasfitisathi sudharana kelee gelee tevha 1838 nantar arthvyavastha vadhali. austriyan arthshastradnya murre rothbard yanchya matey, 1839 teey 1843 darmyan vastavik vaparat 21 takkyanni aanee vastavik sakal rashtriy utpadanat 16 takkyanni vaadh jhaali, parantu vastavik guntavanukit 23 takkyanni ghat jhaali aanee paishacha puravatha 34 takkyanni qamee jhaala.
1842 madhye, american arthvyavastha kahishi parat yeu shakali aanee paach varshanchya mandivar maat karoo shakali, parantu bahutek khatyannusar, arthvyavastha 1844 paryant purvpadavar aalee nahee. 1848 madhye californiachya sonyachya gardine suruvat kelyanantar manditoon punarprapti tivra jhaali, jyamule paishacha puravatha mothya pramanat vadhala. 1850 paryant, amerikechi arthvyavastha punha bharbharatila yet hotee.
aatmavishvas aanee manasshastra yasarkhya amoort ghatakanchi shaktishali bhoomika hotee aanee tyamule bhitichi tivrata aanee sakholata spasht honyas madat jhaali. tevha madhyavarti bankankade kimmati aanee rojgar niyantrit karanyachi maryadit kshamata hotee, jyamule banka chalvane samanya jhaale. jevha kahee banka kosalalya, tevha sampoorn samajat dhokyacha ishara vegane pasarla aanee pakshapati vruttapatranni tyanna tivra kele. chintet guntavanukdaranni itar bankanmadhye dhaav ghetali aanee tyanchya thevi mage ghenyachi magani kelee. asha dabawala tond detana, nirogi bankannahi karj magvoon aanee tyanchya karjdarankadun paise bharnyachi magani karoon aanakhi kapat karavi lagali. jyamule unmad aanakhi vadhala, jyamule khalchya dishene sarpil kinwa snoball parinam jhaala. jhaala shabdant, chinta, bheeti aanee vyapak aatmavishvasachya abhavane vinashkari, swayampurn pratisad loop suru kele. aaj anek arthshastradnya hii ghatana mahitichi vishamata mhanoon samajoon ghetat. moolatah, banq thevidaranni apoorn mahitivar pratikriya dilee kaaran tyanna tyanchya thevi surakshit aahet qee nahee heey mahit navhate aanee tyamule aanakhi dhoka nirman hoil yaa bhitine tyanni tyanchya thevi mage ghetalya, jaree tyamule adhik nuksan jhaale asale taree. jamini, kapus aanee gulamanmadhye andaj andaj anek dakshinekadil lagvadidaransathi khalchya dishene sarkanyachi teech sankalpana kharee hotee. kapasachya kimmati vadhanarach yaa gruhitkavarun anek lagvadaranni bankankadoon karj ghetale. matra, jevha kapasachya kimmati ghasaralya, tevha shetkari tyanche karj paratfed karoo shakale naheet, jyamule anek bankanchi diwalkhori dhokyat aalee. bankanmadhye thevi vimyacha abhav asalyane heey ghatak visheshtah mahattvapoorn hote. jevha banq grahakanna tyanchya thevi surakshit asalyachi khatri nasate, tevha teey ghaigadbadit nirnay ghenyachi shakyata jaast asate jyamule urvarit arthvyavasthela dhoka nirman houu shakato. arthatadnyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee parivartaniyata, thevi vima aanee bankanmadhil puresha bhandavali garja yanche nilamban banq chalavanyachi shakyata maryadit karoo shakate.

