
tii.etch. marshalache samajik nagrikatva

tii. etch. marshalache samajik nagrikatva hii eka rajkiy sankalpana aahe jee 1949 madhye 'nagrikatva aanee samajik varg' yaa tyanchya nibandhat pratham adhorekhit karnyat aalee.
vihangavalokan.
marshalchi sankalpana rajyala aaplya nagarikanprati asalelya samajik jababdanya paribhashit karate kinwa marshal mhanato tyapramane, "aarthik kalyan aanee surakshitatechya thodyasha adhikaracha adhikar [denyapasun] samajik varshamadhye purn pramanat sahbhagi honyacha aanee samajat prachalit asalelya mankannusar susanskrut vyaktiche jeevan jaganyacha adhikar". marshalne mandalela eka mahattvacha muddah mhanje, 'atharavya shatkatil nagri hakkanpasoon, ekonisavya shatkatil rajkiy hakkanpasoon aanee visavya shatkatil samajik hakkanpasoon' nagarikatvadvare midavalelya englandmadhil hakkanchya utkrantivar tyancha vishvas. matra, yaa utkrantivar anekanni keval pandhya kamgar vyaktichya drushtikonatun asalyabaddal teeka kelee aahe. samajik hakkanchya utkrantisathi aanee tyanchya pudhil utkrantisathi teen pramukh ghatkansah marshalne aaplya nibandhacha samarop keela, jeey khalee soochibaddha aaheh 
tevhapasoon rajyachya anek samajik jababdanya anek rajyanchya dhoranancha eka pramukh bhag banalya aahet (sanyukt rajya samajik suraksha pahaa). tathapi, heey dekhil vadgrast mudde banale aahet kaaran ekhadya nagrikala kharokharach shikshanacha aanee tyahunahi adhik samajik kalyanacha adhikar aahe qee nahee yavar vaad aahe.
teeka.
navudarvadyankadun.
navudarvadi (mukt-bajar) vichardhara [thampane] mhanate qee aarthik sanrakshanapasun door rahane haah changlya samajacha paya aahe", asha prakare teey marshalne prastavit kelelya samajik hakkanchya purnapane virodhat aahet. tyaeivaji navudarvadi asey suchavatat qee kalyankari karyakramanni (garibanna tyanchya nagri aanee rajkiy hakkancha prabhavipane vapar karnyas madat karnyasathi marshalne charcha kelelya kahee samajik jababdanya), "garibanmadhye nishkriyatela protsahan dile aahe, tyanchya sandhee pratyakshat sudharlya naheet aanee avalambitvachi sanskruti nirman kelee aahe". tyaeivaji teey jababdanya purn karane aavashyak asalele kalyan suchavatat (aanee tyachi amalbajavani kelee aahe).
samajik nagrikatvache samarthak navudarvadi vichardharevar khoop teeka karatat, asey suchavatat qee haah 'nagarikatvachya tattvavar hallah' aahe aanee nagarikatvachi aavashyakta mhanoon jababdanya purn karanyachi navudarvadi sanstha aahe, kaaran teey soochit karatat qee nagrikatva heey antarnihit aahe aanee 'sahbhagi honyacha adhikar prapt jhalyanantarach jababdanya purn karanyachi magani karane yogya aahe'.
strivadyankadun.
kahee strivadi vidwan assa yuktivad karatat qee marshalcha nibandh keval kamgar vargachya pandhya purushancha drushtikon pratibimbit karato. englandmadhye serve lock mukt hote aanee tyanna nagri haqq hote, assa tyancha dawa khota aahe, kaaran keval purushannach konatehi "kayadeshir swatantrya" kinwa rajkiy kinwa nagri adhikar vaparanyachi kshamata hotee. asha prakare, teey assa yuktivad karatat qee marshal duyyam darjachya nagarikanchya muddyavar charcha karnyat ayashasvi tharatat aanee samajatil "ling aanee vanshik shrenikram" haah tyanchya karyatil eka moolbhut dosh aahe.
tathapi, marshal yanni duyyam darjache nagrik asanyashi sambandhit samasyanvar charcha kelee nasali taree, tyanni heey manya kele qee "nagrikatva swatach samajik asamanateche shilpkar mhanoon karya karate". yavyatirikt, anek strivadi samajik hakkancha vistar hii eka swabhavikpane changli gosht mhanoon pahatat, visheshtah aaj; anek deshantil mahilanna purushanpramanech nagri aanee rajkiy adhikar aahet. aanee, strivadi samajik hakkankade anek mahilanna tyanchya nagri aanee rajkiy hakkancha vapar karanyachi sandhee mhanoon pahatat (jase marshal suchavatat qee 1940 chya dashakat englandmadhil gore purush heey karoo shakatat). visheshtah sadhyachya mukt-bajar upayayojananmadhye samajik samanata aanee samajatil sarvat visheshadhikarprapt sadasyanchya hitsambandhanna anukool asalelya samudayik ekjutichi vanshik, laingik aanee varg-pakshapati drushtikon samavisht aahe. sansadhananshivay, pandhya purushanchya varchya kramankashi ladhata yenyajogya paramparik shrenibaddhateshi samna karane ashakya aahe.
karar-vaichitrya dwibhajan.
nancy fracer aanee linda gorden yanni 'karar viruddha dharmadayah americet samajik nagrikatva qaa nahee?tii varr vistarle. etch. ling asamanatemule americet samajik nagrikatva kase radd jhaale aahe heey pahanyacha marshalcha mool prastav. tyancha assa yuktivad aahe qee, nagri samajat purush adhik shaktishali asalyamule, 'purush kshetrat' karar sambandhanche varchasva hote, visheshtah vetan kararanchya babatit. haloohaloo, purush kshetra adhikadhik manvi sambandhanvar varchasva gajavoo lagale aanee asha prakare kantrati sambandh adhikadhik kshetranvar atikraman karoo lagale. kaaran "kararachya varchasvamule... dharmaday' chee eka visheshtah aadhunik sankalpana 'purak itar' mhanoon nirman jhaali.asha prakare, kalyan aanee durdaivi lokanna madat karane heey eka kartavya mhanoon navhe tarr dharmaday mhanoon pahile jaau lagale. yaa drushtikonamule, dharmaday sanstha naan midavalyabaddal dharmaday sanstha swikarananna kalankit karnyat aale. 
fraser aanee gorden heey sanyukt rajyanmadhye samajik nagrikatva midvinyasathi eka upay dekhil detat. teey suchavatat qee nagri nagrikatvache laksh "malmatta-kendrit teey adhik ekatma swarupakade" kendrit kelyane nagarikanna tyanchya samudayashi sambandh punha prasthapit karata yeteel, jeey nagarikansathi kalyan aanee samajik nagariktvavar sampoorn vishvas thevanyasathi aavashyak aahe asey tyanna vatate.
nishkarsh.
tii.etch. marshal yanni 1949 madhye tyancha nibandh prakashit keela aanee tyanantar jhalelya nagarikatvavaril anek vadavivadanvar tyacha motha parinam jhaala aahe. jaree mool nibandhat kamgar vargachya pandhya purushachya vyatirikt itar drushtikon pahanyat apayash aale asale, taree samajik nagrikatva keval asankhya lokanna lagoo kele jaau shakate. sanyukt rajyanna samajik nagrikatvache apayash jaanavale aahe, parantu anek audhyogik rajye samajik nagarikatvakade tyanchi jababdari mhanoon pahatat, agadi tyanchya swatachya simebaher kalyanahi puravatat. marshall yanni samajik nagarikatvachi kalpana vyakt karane heey kalpanechya prasarasathi mahattvache hote.