presemishalla vedha

pratham mahayuddhadarmyan prazemishalacha vedha haah europemadhil sarvat pradirgh vedha hota. haah vedha haah russian sainyakadun austriya-hungarian sainyacha darun parabhav hota. presemicial (πρεγείσλ) heey eka killa-shahar aanee sann nadivaril balekilla hota, joou aata aagney polandmadhye aahe. presemicialchi guntavanuk 16 september 1914 roji suru jhaali aanee 11 aktoobar roji austro-hungarian aakramanamule tee kahee kalasathi sthagit karnyat aalee. 9 november roji punha vedha suru jhaala aanee ekoon 133 divas thambun rahilyanantar 22 march 1915 roji austro-hungarian chhavanine aatmasamarpan kele.
parshvabhoomi.
august 1914 madhye, russian sainyane german purv russia aanee austriya-hangerichya sarvat mothya prantanpaiki eka asalelya galicia yaa donhi deshanviruddha, polland aanee ukrainechya sadhyachya simevar pasaroon, halchali kelya. germanymadhye tyachi pragati lavkarach mage ghenyat aalee parantu tyachi galician moheem adhik yashasvi jhaali. general nikolai ivanovne galiciachya ladhaidarmyan conrad vonn hotzendorfchya netrutvakhalil austro-hungarian sainyavar maat kelee aanee sampoorn austriyan aaghadi parat carpethian parvatanvar padali. presemicial yetheel killa haah ekmev austriyan chauki hota joou 28 septemberparyant purnapane russian reshanchya mage hota. russian aata german audhyogik pradeshala dhoka nirman karnyachya sthiteet hote, jyamule german tasech austro-hungarian lokansathi presemislache sanrakshn mahattvache hote.
 shaharachya parighajaval saat naveen sanrakshn resha tayar karnyasathi naveen khandke khodanyat aalee aanee kateri tarancha vapar karnyat aala. killyachya aat, 127,000 sainikanchi eka chhawani, tasech 18,000 nagrik, sahaa russian vibhaganni vedhalele hote. presemissialne austro-hungarian samrajyache swaroop pratibimbit kele-tyaa kalatil aadesh pandhra bhashanmadhye jaaree karave lagale. austriyan, khamb, jyoo aanee ruthenian (ukrainean) vedhalelya shaharat ekatra hote, jithe satatyane tofkhanyancha maaraa keela jaat hota aanee mrut aanee aajari aanee jakhamincha aakada vadhat gela aanee upasamaricha dhoka nirman jhaala, tyachpramane paraspar avishvas aanee vanshik tanav nirman jhaala.
pahila vedha.
24 september roji, russian roji sainyache senapati general radako dimitriyev yanni sahaa vibhagansah killyala vedha ghalanyas suruvat kelee. dimitriv yane tofkhanyachya chhotya bombsfotanantar killyavar purn pramanat hallah karnyache aadesh dile. herman kusmanek wonn berganeustadenchya netrutvakhali 120,000 sainikanni killyache rakshan kele. teen divas russiananni hallah keela aanee 40,000 mrutanchi kimmat mojoon kahihi sadhya kele nahee.
vistula nadichya ladhaidarmyan, sweatoger boroivic wonn bojanche tisare sainya presemislachya dishene pudhe gele. 5 aktoobar roji, general sherbakovchya netrutvakhali russian halle suruch rahile, jyat 7 aktoobar roji eka motha hallah dekhil hota. tarihi, austro-hungarian sainya pudhe sarkat asatana, russian hallah thambavanyat aala. 9 aktoobar roji, roji sainyatil ghodadalachya tukadine vedha ghatalelya killyat aanee 12 aktoobar roji mukhya tukadit pravesh keela.
dusari gherabandi.
octoberchya akheris, german aanee austro-hungarian sainya vistula nadichya ladhait ulatya jhalelya nantar paschimekade maghar ghet hote. 4 november roji nagarikanna presemisle sodanyache aadesh denyat aale. 10 november roji dusra vedha suru jhaala. russian russian sainyane (general andrei nikolevich selivanov) vedha takanyachi moheem haatee ghetali. selivanovne dimitrivpramane konatyahi samoril hallyanche aadesh dile naheet aanee tyaeivaji chhavanila upasamarine sharan yenyasathi sthayik kele. decemberchya madhyaparyant, shaharachya sharanagatila bhag padnyasathi russian lock killyavar avirat tofkhanyanni hallah karat hote. hivalyat habsbergchya sainyane killyaparyantchya tyanchya margane ladha dene suru thewale. kityek mahinyanchya ladhait mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale, mukhytah himdah aanee rogamule, parantu aaramdayi sainya presemisle yetheel chhavaniparyant pohochanyat ayashasvi tharale.
februwari 1915 madhye, boroivikne presemicialchya dishene aanakhi eka madat prayatna kele. februvarichya akheris, serve madatkaryacha parabhav jhalyanantar, hotzendorfney herman kusmanek wonn berganeustadenla sangitale qee pudhil konatehi prayatna kele jaanar naheet. killa qamee karnyasathi selivanovla puresha tofkhana denyat aalya. 13 march roji russiananni uttarekadil sanrakshanavar maat kelee. eka sudharit sanrakshn reshene russian halle itake lamb thewale qee kusmanekala shaharat uralele kahihi nasht karata aale jeey ekada tabyat ghetalelya russiananna upayukt tharoo shakate. 19 march roji kusmanekne baher padanyacha prayatna karnyache aadesh dile parantu tyachya rally mage ghenyat aalya aanee tyala shaharat parat jaanyas bhag padale gele. shaharat kahihi upayogi naan rahilyane, kusmanekkade sharan jaanyashivay paryay navhata. 22 march roji roji urvarit chhavanine russiancesmore aatmasamarpan kele. tabyat ghetalelya lokanmadhye nauu senapati, 93 varishtha karmchari adhikari, 2,500 itar adhikari aanee hangeriche yuddh kavee geza gyoni yancha samavesh hota.
vedha ghaloon presemislemadhil jeevan.
shaharatil vividh lokanni thevalelya diary aanee notebook jiwant aahet. kanishth doctor mhanoon lashkari sevet bharati jhalelya joseph toman yaa austriyanchya diarymadhye, chhawani chhawani kamkajache parinam ughad hotatah
"rugnalaye kishoravayin mulinchi paricharika mhanoon bharati karat aahet. tyanna darmaha 120 mukut aanee mofat jevan milate. phaar qamee apavad vagalata, teey purnapane nirupayogi aahet. tyanche mukhya kaam heey sajjan sajjan aanee tyaeivaji lajirvanepane anek doctoranchi vasna purn karane heey aahe, [-] syphilis, gonorrhea aanee soft chankrachya prakaranansah jawaljawal darroj naveen adhikari yet aahet. garib mulee aanee striya jevha yaa rogkarak dukaranpaiki ekane tyanchya nishkalank ganveshat, tyanche chamakdar boot aanee batane ghaloon tyanchyashi gappa maratat tevha tyanna khoop khush vatate."itar vruttantanmadhye patkisah upasamar aanee rogachi vyapak upasthiti ughad hote aanee helena zablonska yaa eka madhyamvayin, atyant shrimant polandachya mahilechya dindarshiketun shaharatil varg aanee yahudivirodhi aanee vanshik tanav ughad hoto;" talgharatil jyoo striya tumhala sarvat white prakare fadatat "aanee 18 march 1915 roji-" jyoo lock ghaighaine tyanchya dukanachi chinhe khalee kadhat aahet, jenekarun kunachi malki aahe heey konihi sangu shakanar nahee. tyaa serve garib sainikanchya pathitoon teey itake shrimant jhaale aahet aanee aata arthat tyaa sarvanna paloon jayache aahe!"akheris jevha shahee russian sainyane marchmadhye shahar tabyat ghetale, tevha zaar sainikanni shaharatil jyoo lokanviruddha hinsak narsamhar keela. zablonskane namood keleh "cosacs, yahudi lock tyanchya prathanesathi sabhasthanat jaiparyant vaat pahat hote aanee tyanchyavar chabuk maranyapurvi. ashee shokantika aanee nirasha aahe. kahee jyoo talgharat lapoon basale aahet, pann teey tithehi tyanchyakade pohochatil."
mail sampreshan.
donhi vedhyanchya darmyan presemicial yethoon havai mail uddane, jevha havai mail postcard, mukhytah lashkari mail, vedhalelya shaharatoon sattavis uddanandware udavanyat aalee. jabardastine utaravalyanantar, eka vimanatoon mail russiananni japt kelee aanee postal sensorship aanee pudhil prasaranasathi seent pietersbergla pathavali. kahee manavyukt parantu pramukhyane manavarahit kagadi fugyanvar fugyanchi tapalahi shaharabaher pathavali jaat asey. shaharabaher sandesh pathvanyasathi kabutar melchahi vapar keela jaat asey.
parinam.
presemicialchya patnane anekanna asey vatale qee russia aata hangerimadhye eka motha hallah karel. haah apekshit hallah kadhich jhaala nahee, parantu presemicialcha parabhav haah austro-hungarian manodhairyala gambhir dhakka hota. austriya-hangerila aanakhi eka dhakka mhanje presemislala keval 50,000 lokanni chhawani thevavi asey hote, tarihi 110,000 hoon adhik austriya-hungarian lokanni killyajaval aatmasamarpan kele, jeey adhik lakshaniy nuksan hote. hote unhalyaparyant russiananni presemisial rakhale, jevha goralis-tarnochya aakramanane galiciatil russian aaghadila mage dhakalale. aktoobar 1918 paryant presemicial austriya-hangeriyanchya hatat rahila, jyaa kshani purv galiciane austriya-hungarian samrajya sodale aanee navyane tayar jhalelya swatantra polland rajyacha bhag banala. austriya-hungarian sainya 1914-1915 chya hivalyat jhalelya nukasanatoon kadhihi savarale nahee aanee habsberg aatapasoon tyanchya purvekadil aaghadichya kshetrat aanee balkanmadhye german sahayyavar avalambun asateel.
darmyan, qamee puravatha aanee sankhyepeksha jaast asalelya shahee sainyane carpathian parvatanmadhun aakraman kelyanantar aakraman karnyacha prayatna kelyamule killyala aaram denyache austro-hungarian prayatna vinashkariritya sampushtat aale. janewari teey april 1915 yaa kalavadhit, karpathiyansmadhye, 800,000 lock mrutyumukhi padale, heey adhikrutpane nondavale gele, mukhytah ladhayaivaji hawaman aanee rogamule. russian mrutanchi sankhya jawaljawal titakich jaast hotee, parantu tyanchi jaaga ghene sope hote aanee vedhyachya shevati 117,000 austro-hungarian sainikanni aatmasamarpan karoon adhik samtol sadhala. yaa sagalyanni sangitale qee, vedha ghalane aanee tyala mukt karnyachya prayatnanmule austro-hungarian sainyala daha lakhanhun adhik jivitahani jhaali aanee tyache lakshaniy nuksan jhaale, jyatoon teey kadhihi savaru shakanar naheet.

