
laal galyache lune

laal-galyache lune (uttar america) kinwa laal-galyache mudvyaghra (britton aanee ireland) (gavia stellata) haah uttar golardhat aadhalanara sthalantarit jalchar pakshi aahe. lune kinwa diver kutumbatil sarvat mothya pramanat pasarlela sadasya, too pramukhyane arctic pradeshat aanee hivalyat uttar kinarpattichya panyat prajnan karato. lambipasoon, laal galyache lune heey jagatil sarvat lahan aanee halake lune aahe. hivalyat, haah eka varnanevinacha pakshi asato, joou varr fikat tapkiri aanee khalee pandhara asato. prajnan hangamat, tyala vishisht lalsar ghasa midato joou tyachya samanya navacha aadhar aahe. jaree ubhaychar, aprushthavanshi aanee vanaspati samagri dekhil kadhikadhi khalle jaatat, taree maase tyachya aaharatil motha bhag banatat. eka ekveshi prajati, laal-galyache lune heey dirghakalin jodee bandh tayar karatat. yaa jodiche donhi sadasya gharate tayar karnyas, undy ubavanyas (samanyatah done guthalya) aanee ubavalelya lahan mulanna khayala denyas madat karatat.
jaree kahee loksankhya qamee hott asali taree laal galyachya loonchi jaagtik loksankhya mothee aahe aanee jaagtik shreni lakshaniy aahe. teel galatee, adhivasacha hasad, pradushan aanee masemarichi jaali heey yaa prajatila bhedasavanare pramukh dhoke aahet. vividh gull prajatinsah naisargik shikari aanee laal aanee arctic colhey donhi undy aanee lahan ghetil. yaa prajatila aantarrashtriy kararanni sanrakshn dile aahe.
vargikaran aanee vyutpattishastra.
1763 madhye danish nisargshastradnya erich pontopidan yanni pahilyanda varnan kelele, laal-galyache lune hii eka eka prakarchi prajati aahe, jyachi mothee holarctic shreni asoonahi konatihi vishisht upaprajati nahee. pontopidanne suruvatila hii prajati aata-nishkriy jhalelya 'colimbus' yaa vanshamadhye thewali, jyamadhye grabe tasech lune hote. 1788 paryant, german nisargshastradnya johann reinhold forsterla samajale qee grabe aanee lune heey vegalya vanshasathi purese vegale aahet aanee tyanni laal-galyache lune (itar serve lune prajatinsah) tyachya sadhyachya vanshat halavale. itar chaar loonshee tyacha sambandh guntagunticha aahe; jaree serve ekach vanshatil asale taree, teey aakarvidnyan, vartan, paryavaranshastra aanee prajnan jivashastrachya babatit itaranpeksha vegale aahe aanee vanshatil mool vansh asoo shakate. too paliarcticmadhye vikasit jhaala aanee nantar nikatvarti pradeshat vistarla asey manale jaate. jivashma nondinsah aanvik mahitiche vishleshan asey soochit karate qee laal-galyachya loonchi vanshaval sumare 21.4 dashalaksh varshanpurvi myoseenmadhye itar lune prajatinna janm denanya loonpasoon vegali jhaali aanee tee jivashma playocene prajati 'gavia howard' shhee sarvat jawalun sambandhit asoo shakate.
pracheen roman nisargshastradnya pliny daad elder yanni vaparlelya 'see mev' yaa lattin shabdapasoon 'gavia' heey vansh naav aale aahe. vishisht visheshan 'stellata' heey lattin bhashet 'tanyansah sanch' kinwa 'tarankit' sathee aahe aanee teey tyachya prajnan naan karananya pisanmadhye pakshyachya mage asalelya thipkyancha sandarbh dete. gaviday kutumbatil sadasyanna uttar americet 'lunes' aanee gret britton aanee irelandmadhye 'diverse' mhanoon olakhale jaate. aantarrashtriy pakshishastriy congressne yaa prajatisathi 'laal-galyache lune' heey naav vaparale aahe. "diver' mhanje kutumbachya shikarichya panyakhalil paddhaticha sandarbh aahe, tarr 'laal-galoo' haah pakshyachya sarvat vishisht prajnan pisanchya vaishishtyacha saral sandarbh aahe. lune' haah shabd swedish 'loam', junya norse kinwa icelandic 'lomar' kinwa junya dutch 'loen' yaa shabdanvarun aala aahe asey manale jaate, yaa sarvancha arth 'langada' kinwa 'anakalaneey' assa hoto aanee haah serve lunana jaminivar firanyat yenanya adchanicha sambhavya sandarbh aahe. washingtonchya vilapa bandaravarun eka sthanik naav 'kwekar lune' asey hote.
varnan.
tyachya vanshatil itar sadasyanpramanech, laal-galyacha lune tyachya jalchar vatavaranashi changlya prakare julavun ghetala aaheh tyachi daat hadey tyala budnyas madat karatat, tyache paay-tyanchya mage asalelya sthiteet-utkrusht pranodan pradan karatat aanee tyache shareer lamb aanee suvyavasthit aahe. tyachi tikshna toke asaleli notdekhil panyakhalil suvyavasthit honyas madat karoo shakate. tyache paay mothe aahet, tyachya pudhil teen payachi bote purnapane jaalaleli aahet aanee tyache tarsus sapat aahe, jyamule odh qamee hote aanee paay panyatoon sahajpane haloo shakato.
laal galyache lune hii jagatil lune prajatinpaiki sarvat lahan aanee halakya rangachi aahe, jyachi lambi aanee vajan heey pankhanchya lambipasoon teey vajanaparyant aahe. itar chulipramane, tyache paay tyachya shariravar khoop mage thevun, teey lamb shareer aanee lahan maan asalele asate. jaree purush heey mahilanpeksha thode mothe aanee judd asale taree ling disanyat sarkhech asatat. prajnan karananya pisanchya babatit, praudhanche doke aanee maan gadad rakhadi asate (manechya mageel bajus arund kaale aanee pandhare patte asatat), ghashacha trikoni laal bhag, pandhare khalche bhag aanee gadad rakhadi-tapkiri aavaran asate. prajnan karananya pisanchya pathivar purn andhar asalela haah ekmev lune aahe. prajnan naan karnare pisu, hanuvati, pudhil maan aanee chehnyacha barachsa bhag pandhara, dokyacha varcha bhag aanee manecha magcha bhag rakhadi aanee gadad aavarnavar lakshaniy pandhare daag asalele asatat. tyache bubul carmine-laal teey bargandi rangache asate, tyache paay bahereel ardhya bhagavar kaale aanee aateel ardhya bhagavar fikat asatat aanee tyachya payanchya jaalya gulabi-tapkiri asatat, jyaa gadad kadaa asatat.
tyachi thoti patal, saral aanee tikshna asate aanee anekada unch konane dharali jaate. yaa pakshyachya uttar american loknamanpaiki eka mhanje pegging-wall lune, jeey tyachya tikshna toke asalelya notcha sandarbh aahe, jeey paal banavnaachyaa aii. doubleu. ell. (nyu englandmadhye 'pegging aii. doubleu. ell.' mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaanare eka sadhan) sarkhe disate. jaree notcha rung unhalyat kalya rangapasoon hivalyat fikat rakhadi rangat badalala asala, taree rung badalachi vel pakshyachya ekoon pisanchya badalashi susangat asane aavashyak nahee. nakachya chhidre hii notanchya payajaval asalelya arund chhidra asatat.
jevha too tyachya andyatoon pahilyanda baher padato, tevha tarun laal-galyacha lune bareek mauu khalchya pankhanne jhakala jaato. varr pramukhyane gadad tapkiri teey gadad rakhadi, tyachya dokyachya aanee manechya bajunna, tasech tyachya ghasa, chhati aanee bajuvar kinchit fikat fikat asate, aanee khalche stun aanee pooat fikat rakhadi asate. kahee aathvadyanchya aat, yaa pahilya khalchya bajula dusya, pivalya khalchya pankhancha sanch yeto, jyachya jaagi kishore pankhancha vikas hoto. kishoravayin mulanche pisare heey kahee vishisht vaishishtyansah asale taree praudh mulasarkhech asatat. tyache kapal aanee maan gadad asate, maan aanee ghashachya bajunna judd thipke asatat. tyachi paath tapkiri aanee qamee thipkedar asate aanee tyache khalche bhag tapkiri rangache asatat. tyache dolhe lalsar-tapkiri asatat aanee tyachi choch fikat rakhadi asate. jaree kahee tarun pakshi hivalyachya madhyapasoon heey pisare dharoon thevat asale, taree tyanchi fikat nanee vagalata anek pakshi praudhanpeksha jawaljawal vegale houu shakat naheet.
udatana, laal-galyachya loonche eka vishisht swaroop asate; tyache lahan paay tyachya sharirachya tokapasoon phaar pudhe jaat naheet, tyache doke aanee maan aadvya bajula ghasarate (udananya pakshyala spashtapane kubadya aakar dete) aanee tyache patal pankh mage koneey asatat. itar loonpeksha tyachi pankhanchi dhaddhad jalad, khol asate.
aavaj.
praudh laal-galyachya loonmadhye anek swar aahet, jeey vegvegalya paristhitit vaparale jaatat. uddanat, vishisht thikanahun jaat asatana kinwa swatachya talawala pradakshina ghalatana, teey prati sekand andaje paach vela, "qaa-qaa-qaa" kinwa "kaak-kaak-kaak" asha vegwan parantu laybaddh hansasarkhya kachichi malika dete. tyacha ishara, jarr manav kinwa kinanyavaril shikari prani tras dett asateel, tarr tee eka lahan kurkurit saal asate. eka qamee aavajatil aardaorda coll, joou pramukhyane jodidar aanee palak aanee tarun yanchyatil sampark coll mhanoon vaparla jaato, parantu sambhogadarmyan dekhil biil bund karoon keela jaato. yaa prajatila eka lahan radnyacha aavaj dekhil aahe-"aaruo"...aruo..."-jeey khelpattimadhye kinchit khalee utarate aanee sumare eka sekand tikate; prathamik khelpattichya sabhovatalachya majboot susangatatemule, haah meoving coll tyachya itar kolpeksha adhik sangitmay aahe. aanakhi eka aavaj-eka kathor, dhaddhadanari coing jee khelpattimadhye vadhate aanee padate aanee samanyatah salag 10 vela punaravrutti hote-pradeshik chakmak aanee jodee-bandhanat aanee palak pakshyandvare tyanchya lahan mulanna panyachya strotanchya darmyan jaminivar firanyas protsahit karnyasathi vaparali jaate. long coll' mhanoon olakhala jaanara haah sahasa yugalgitat deela jaato, joou loonmadhye asamanya aahe; striche yogdan tichya jodidarachya yogdanapeksha lamb aanee mauu asate.
tarunankade eka kadak bund-biil coll asato, jyacha vapar teey bheek magnyasathi aanee tyanchya palkanshi sampark sadhanyasathi karatat. praudhanchya dirgh colla pratisad mhanoon (aanee tyachyasarkha) tyancha eka lamb coll dekhil vaparla jaato.
samaan prajati.
madhyam teey jawalchya shreneet, prajnan kinwa prajnan naan karananya pisanmadhye praudh laal-galyache lune sahasa sahaj olakhale jaate. tathapi, kahee vishisht prakash paristhitinmadhye, tyachya moulting cyclemadhil vishisht velee kinwa adhik antaravar, tee dusya prajatisathi chukali jaau shakate-samanyatah kalya galyachi lune, parantu kadhikadhi gret crested grabe dekhil. kalya galyachya loonpeksha teey doke aanee manevar adhik pandhare disate aanee-jarr teey panyat khalee basat nasel tarr-bajuvarhi adhik pandhare disu lagate. jarr too panyat khalee basala asel, jenekarun bajuvaril pandhara bhag mageel bajuchya pattyamadhye qamee hoil (asha prakare kalya galyachya loonchya namunyasarkhe), tarr too patta kalya galyachya tulanatmak pattyapeksha qamee spashtapane paribhashit keela jaato.
adhivas aanee vitaran.
 itar khaduchya ulat, masemarichi mukhya maidane prajnan talav nasoon, mothe talav kinwa samudra aahet. ekach prajnan talavat ekmekanchya jawal anek gharati asoo shakatat.
laal-galyache lune pramukhyane uttar eurasia aanee uttar amerikechya arctic pradeshat (samanyatah 50°N akshanshanchya uttarela) aanee uttar kinarpattichya panyat hivalyat, kadhikadhi mothya aakarachya gatanmadhye prajnan karatat. udaharanarth, 4,400 hoon adhik lock german bitechya purv bhagat eka shithil ekagratet hiwala ghalavatat. itar chananyanpeksha vegale, teey niyamitpane prajnan sthale mhanoon atishay lahan godya panyachya talavancha vapar karate. tyacha lahan aakar tyala adhik ashtapailu banavato, parantu too sakhol shikar karnyas qamee saksham aahe. loonchya urvarit prajatinchya aakar aanee vividhatet jhaleli vaadh soochit karate qee mothya aakarache fayade maryadanpeksha jaast aahet.
uttar americet, donhi kinarpattyanvar niyamitpane hiwala yeto, joou dakshinekade baja california dweepkalp aanee vayavya meksikomadhil californiachya aakhataparyant asato; hidalgo yaa meksikochya antargat rajyat too bhatkya mhanoon nondavala gela aahe. cape race, cape brace, cape drake aanee cape resar, tasech balidanachi sharyat yasarkhya bhrashtacharasaha ishanya uttar americetil tyachi kahee lock nave-cape race, newfoundlandchya aaspaschya tyachya vipulatemule udbhavali. europemadhye, teey eyesland, uttar scotland, vayavya ireland (fakt kahee jodya), scandinavia aanee uttar russiamadhye prajnan karate aanee dakshinekadil kinanyavaril hiwala spainchya kahee bhaganitka lamb asato; bhoomadhya, aegean aanee kaala samudra, tasech mothya nadya, talav aanee jalashayansah pramukh antardeshiy jalmarganvar dekhil heey niyamitpane aadhalate. morokko, tunicia aanee gambiyaparyant dakshinekade bhatkya mhanoon heey ghadale aahe. ashiyamadhye, teey cyberiachya uttarekadil bhagat aanee hivalyat prashant kinanyavar chean, japan aanee taivanparyant dakshinekade prajnan karate. mangoliyamadhye bhatkya mhanoon heey ghadale aahe.
vartan.
tyache paay tyachya shariravar itake mage asalyamule, laal-galyacha lune jaminivar chalatana khoopach anakalaneey asato, parantu too tyachya payancha vapar tyachya stanavar pudhe dhakalanyasathi karoo shakato. tarun tyanchya prajnan talavatoon nadya aanee samudrasah mothya jalashayankade jaatana jameen jhakanyachi hii paddhat vapartat. jaminivarun thet uddan karoo shakanari hii loonchi ekmev prajati aahe. jarr bheeti vatali tarr keval tyache doke kinwa biil panyachya prushthbhagachya varr disat nahee toparyant teey budalele asoo shakate. chhotya talavanmadhye gharate bandhun parantu mothya talavanmadhye kinwa samudrat khanyamule teey itar chananyanpeksha vegale aahe. gharatyachya talavat anek gharate asoo shakatat, dusyachya jawal, jodyanmadhye khoop vednadayak vartan asoo shakate. heey pradeshik vartan swarbaddha (lamb coll, placiosar sharyat) saha jodidarpane kele jaate.
laal galyacha lune haah eka dainandin sthalantarit aahe, joou ektyane kinwa sail gatanmadhye, anekada panyachya varr pravas karato. purv uttar americet (aanee bahudha itaratra), teey kinaanyaalagat sthalantar karnyaivaji kinaadhyaajaval sthalantarit honyacha cull aahe; cyberian loksankhya tyanchya dakshin european hivalyachya maidanakade jaatana shekado mail jaminivar pravas karate. too eka majboot udanara aahe aanee madhalya vegane too chalavala gela aahe. tyachya kutumbatil serve sadasyanpramanech, laal-galyacha lune ekach velee pankhanchya gathitoon jaato, tyache serve uddan pankh ekach velee gamavatat aanee teen teey chaar aathvadyanchya kalavadhisathi uddanahin hotat. itar loonchya ulat-jeey hivalyachya uttaradhat yaa moltmadhun jaatat-laal-galyache lune unhalyachya uttaradhat aanee sharad rutuchya uttaradhat kadhee naa kadhee udanyachi kshamata gamavate.
ann aanee aahar.
tyachya kutumbatil serve sadasyanpramanech, laal galyache lune heey pramukhyane maase khanare aahe, jaree teey kadhikadhi molsk, crustatian, bedook, jaleey aksheruki, keetak, maase spon kinwa vanaspati samagri dekhil khato. too tyacha shikar bhalaivaji pakadato, joou samanyatah panyakhali pakadala jaato. jaree tee samanyatah pranodanasathi keval paay vaparoon dubki marte aanee pohate, taree jarr teela patkan firanyachi kinwa veg vadhavanyachi garaj asel tarr tee tyache pankh dekhil vaparu shakate. sumare eka minit sarasari panyakhalil velesah, pathpurava dive kholpasoon bhinn asatat. tyachya mashanchya aaharamule laal-galyachya loonchi satat sendriya pradushkanshi aanee judd dhatunshi asaleli asurakshitata vadhate, jeey donhi jaiv sanchayit hotat, tyamule annasakhalichya shirshasthani kinwa tyachya jawal dirghkal tikananya prajatinsathi (jase qee lune) sambhavyapane adhik samasya nirman hotat. tyachya mukhya aaharamule loonchi anek british lock nave dekhil aalee aahet, jyat 'sprat borrer' aanee 'spratoon' yancha samavesh aahe.
ubdar jhalyanantar pahilya kahee divas, laal galyache tarun lunes heey donhi palakanni jalchar keetak aanee lahan crustatians yanna khayala dile aahet. teen-chaar divasannantar, palak lahan pakshyanna sampoorn gilanyasathi purese lahan maase ghetat. chaar aathvadyanchya vayaparyant, lahan mule tyanchya palkanpramanech-tyach aakarache-tech ann khau shakatat. tarun pakshyanna ugavalyanantar kahee kalasathi khayala dile jaau shakate; konatyahi prajnan kshetrapasun shekado kilometer antaravar asalelya united kingadammadhil samudrat aanee antardeshiy talavanvar praudhanna alpavayinanna maase khayala detana pahile gele aahe.
prajnan aanee astitva.
laal-galyache lune hii eka ekveshi prajati aahe jee dirghakalin jodee bandh tayar karate. donhi linganche lock gharate bandhatat, jeey uthal chhidra (kinwa kadhikadhi chikhal aanee vanaspatinche vyaspeeth) asate, jeey vanaspati aanee kadhikadhi kahee pankhanne reshet asate aanee eka chhotya talavachya kathapasoon ardha meater (18 inch) antaravar thewale jaate. maadee done undy ghalate (jaree eka aanee teenchya tavadichi nond dekhil kelee gelee aahe); pramukhyane madidware 24-29 divasansathi tee ubavali jaatat. kalya rangachi hiravya kinwa olive-tapkiri rangachi undy mojatat aanee tyanche vastuman 8 takke kavach asate. pahili undy ghalatach ubavane suru hote, tyamule teey atulyakalikpane ubatat. jarr lahan andyapurvi eka pakad haravali (udaharanarth, shikari kinwa puramule) tarr laal galyacha lune sahasa dusra pakad thevato, samanyatah naveen gharatyat. tarun pakshi heey samajpurv asatatah undy futalyavar teey dolhe ughade thevun, aalashi aanee firnare asatat. donhi palak tyanna suruvatila lahan jaleey aprushthavanshi prani, nantar 38-48 divasansathi lahan maase khatat. shikari pranyanna gharatyapasun door aanee lahan mulanpasoon door nenyasathi palak vichalit karnare pradarshan kartil. pohtana praudh tarunanna pathivar dharoon ghetat qee nahee yababat pakshishastradnya asahmat aahet, tarr kahinni teey palale tarr kahinni ulat.
jangalat, sarvat juna dnyat laal-galyacha lune done dashakanhun adhik kaal jagala. too ring lavlyanantar (banded) 23 varshe aanee 7 mahinyanni sweedenchya samudrakinanyavar telane bharalela aanee mrut aadhalala.
sanrakshanachi sthitee aanee dhoke.
jaree laal galyache lune hii jaagtik staravar dhokyat aaleli prajati nasali taree, tyachi loksankhya mothee aanee lakshaniy shreni asalyane, ashee loksankhya aahe jee qamee hott asalyache disate. yuu madhye mojalya gelelya sankhya.ess. udaharanarth, alaskamadhil matsya aanee vanyajeev seva sarvekshanat 1971 teey 1993 darmyan loksankhyet 53 takke ghat jhalyache disun aale aahe aanee europe khandatahi sarvekshanatil sankhyemadhye ghat jhaali aahe. dusarikade, pakshyanchya sanrakshanasathi aanee scottish naisargik varshasathi royal societyne kelelya sarvekshananusar, 1994 teey 2006 darmyan scotlandmadhye loksankhyet sumare 16 takkyanni vaadh jhaali. 2002 madhye, panthal pradesh aantarrashtriyane 490,000 teey 1,500,000 vyaktinchi jaagtik loksankhya asalyacha andaj vartavala; jaagtik loksankhyechya kalanche praman nishchit kele gele nahee.
laal-galyache lune hii eka ashee prajati aahe jyala "african-eurasian sthalantarit jalpakshyanchya sanvardhanavaril karar" (aii. eae. vhee. aii.) lagoo hoto; americet, 1918 chya sthalantarit pakshi karar kayadyadvare tyache sanrakshn kele jaate. teel galatee, adhivasacha hasad aanee masemarichi jaali yaa prajatinna bhedasavana mukhya dhokyanpaiki aahet. kaaran too kinaadhyaajaval sthalantarit hoto-samanyatah jaminichya aat-kinadhyalagatchya pavanchakkichya bandhkamanmule tyacha hanikarak parinam houu shakato; abhyas asey darshavtat qee pavanchakkichya kshetranche uchch patalivaril talhane, jaree turbinechya thet hallyanmule honare mrutyu asamanya asalyache disate. vatavaranatil paryachya uchch patalimule sweedenchya kahee bhagansah kahee bhagat prajnan ayashasvi jhaale aahe. sweedenmadhil abhyasatoon asehi disun aale aahe qee talavanchya aamlikaranamule tyanchyavar viparit parinam houu shakato, kaaran teey jyaa mashancha shikar karatat teey qamee piechsathi sanvedanshil asatat. prajnan kshetrat, arctic aanee laal colhey heey andyanche pramukh shikari aahet, tarr gret squa, arctic squa aanee larus gulchya vividh prajati (mothya kalya pathichya gull aanee chamakdar gulansah) undy aanee lahan asha donhiche shikari aahet.
hii prajati parajivinchya kiman 51 prajatinsathi aashraydata mhanoon olakhali jaate, jyapaiki bahutek goalkrumi (sutrakrumi), chapatekrumi (diagenian) aanee tapeworms (sestode) antargatpane vahoon nele jaatat; uvanchi ekach prajati haah tyacha ekmev dnyat bahya parjivi aahe. heey kahivela tyachya bahyareshechya pankhanvar dietumchi (sookshm phytoplankton) lakshaniy sankhya vahoon nenyasathi dekhil olakhale jaate. laal galyache lune heey avian influenzae aanee type eae botulismsathi sanvedanshil asate aanee 'laal bharati' shaivalanchya fulanmule tayar honanya neurotoxinchya sevanane niyamitpane nasht hote. 2007chya fulanchya darmyan, tyanchya pisanna shaivalchya prathinanchya upautpadanamule chikatavalyanantar, tyanchya pankhanche avahak gunadharm qamee jhalyane, mothya sankhyene pakshi hypothermiamule maran pavale.
manvi sanskruti.
pragaitihasik kalapasoon ann srot mhanoon vaparlya jaananya laal galyachya loonchi aajahi jagachya kahee bhagantil sthanik lock shikar karatat. undy tasech pakshihi ghetale jaatat, kadhikadhi lakshaniy sankhyene; uttar canadachya iglulic betavaril eka abhyasadarmyan, 10 chauras kiimii (3.9 mail) abhyasachya thikani done prajnan hangamat takalelya serve laal-galyachya lune andyanpaiki 73 takke undy betavaril sthanik rahivashanni gola kelee hotee. russiachya kahee bhaganmadhye, laal-galyachya loonchya tvachecha vapar paramparikpane topya aanee collars vividh kapadyanchi sajavat karnyasathi keela jaat asey. sampoorn holarctickmadhye sthanik gatanchya nirmiti pauranik kathanmadhye hii prajati kendrasthani hotee. yaa mithkanusar-jeey aavrutyanmadhye fakt thodese badalate, kahivela-mothe antar asoonahi jyane tyavar vishvas thevana gatanna vegale kele-loonla eka mahan shamanane samudrachya talapasoon pruthvi varr aananyas sangitale hote. tyaa pruthvicha vapar nantar jagatil koradi jameen tayar karnyasathi keela gela.
alikadech 1800 chya dashakat, havamanacha andaj lavnyasathi laal-galyachya loonche vartan vaparale jaat hote; tyaa kalatil paramparik shahanpananusar, antardeshiy uddan karnare kinwa lahan radnare pakshi changlya havamanacha andaj vartavat asat, tarr samudrat udanare kinwa lamb radnare radat paus padanyachi bhavishyavani karat asat. skotlandchya orkani aanee shetland betanvar, hii prajati ajunahi tyachya havamanachya andaj lavnyachya kshamatechya sanmanarth 'raine huns' mhanoon olakhali jaate. farrow betanvaril lokancha assa vishvas hota qee jarr laal galyacha lune manjarasarkha miyawala gela tarr paus jawal yet aahe, tarr 'kinwa' yacha 'changla hawaman asalyacha andaj vartavala jaat aahe.
bhootan, japan, alland (finlandcha swayatt pradesh) aanee komorosachya sanghatnene laal galyache lune darshavinare tapal tikite jaaree kelee aahet.