billed-operate-transfer

billed-operate-transfer (bott) kinwa billed-one-operate-transfer (boot) haah prakalp vitaran paddhaticha eka prakar aahe, samanyatah mothya pramanavaril payabhoot suvidha prakalpansathi, jyamadhye khajgi sansthela sarvajanik kshetrakadun (kinwa durmil prasangi khajgi kshetrakadun) savalatichya kararat namood kelelya suvidhesathi vittapuravatha, rachana, bandhkam, malki aanee sanchalan karnyasathi savalat milate. khajgi sansthela teey eka nishchit kalavadhisathi chalavanyacha adhikar asel. yamule prakalp prastavkala prakalpatil guntavanuk aanee parichalan aanee dekhbhal kharch vasool karata yeto.
bott heey samanyatah sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidarit vaparale jaanare eka model aahe. vyavasthechya dirghakalin swarupamule, shulk sahasa savalatichya kalavadhit vadhavale jaate. vadhicha darr anekada antargat aanee bahya chalanchya sanyojanashi jodalela asato, jyamule prastavkala tyachya guntavanukisathi samadhankarak antargat paratava darr miloo shakato.
thayaland, turkey, taiwan, bahreen, pakistan, saudi arabia, israyal, bharat, iran, croatia, japan, chean, vietnam, maleshiya, phillipines, egypt, myanmar aanee kahee american rajye (california, florida, indiana, texas aanee virginia) heey bott prachalit asalele desh aahet. tathapi, canada, austreliya, newzealand aanee nepalsarkhya kahee deshanmadhye, vaparleli sandnya mhanje billed-one-operate-transfer (boot).
pahila bott haah chinmadhil hotelsathi hota, joou 1979 madhye hongkong soochibaddha samooh hopewell holdings limitedne (surr gorden vudvare niyantrit) bandhala hota.
bott framework.
payabhoot suvidha prakalp aanee sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidarimadhye botcha vyapak vapar hoto. bott chaukatit, udaharanarth sarvajanik prashasana, eka truteey paksh, payabhoot suvidhanchi rachana aanee nirmiti karnyasathi aanee eka vishisht kalavadhisathi yaa suvidhanche sanchalan aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi khajgi kshetratil sansthela pratinidhi deto. yaa kalavadhit, prakalpasathi vittapuravatha karanyachi jababdari khajgi pakshavar asate aanee too prakalpadvare milanara serve mahasool rakhoon thevanyacha hakkadar asato aanee too manalya aakarlya suvidhancha malak asato. tyanantar savalatichya kararachya shevati, tyat sahbhagi asalelya khajgi sanstheche konatehi mobadale naan gheta, hii suvidha sarvajanik prashasanakade hastantarit kelee jaeel. 
khalilpaiki kahee kinwa serve bhinn paksh konatyahi bott prakalpat sahbhagi houu shakatatah
bott prakalp samanyatah sampoorn jaalyapeksha swatantra malmatta vikasit karnyasathi vaparla jaato aanee samanyatah purnapane naveen kinwa harit kshetra swarupacha asato (jaree nutanikaran samavisht asoo shakate). bott prakalpat prakalp company kinwa sanchalak samanyatah grahakanna aakarlya aakarlya shulkapeksha upayuktata/sarkarla aakarlya aakarlya shulkadvare aapala mahasool midavatat. anek prakalpanna savalati mhanatat, jase qee toll road prakalp, jeey naveen bandhkam aahet aanee botshee anek samya aahet.
sarvasadharanpane, prakalpadvare milanara mahasool jarr tyacha kharch bharoon kadhato aanee guntavanukivar puresa paratava dett asel tarr prakalp khasgi sansthesathi aarthikdrushtya vyavharya asato. dusarikade, yazman sarkarsathi prakalpachi vyavharyata sarvajanik nidhidware prakalpala vittapuravatha karnyachya arthvyavasthechya tulanet tyachya karyakshamtevar avalambun asate. jaree yazman sarkar khajgi kampanipeksha changlya atinvar paise udhar gheu shakat asale, taree itar ghatak yaa vishisht fayadhyachi bharpai karoo shakatat. udaharanarth, khajgi sansthekadun apekshit asalele kaushalya aanee karyakshamta tasech jokhim hastantaran. tyamule, khajgi sansthela jokhamicha motha bhag aahe. heey kahee prakarche sarvat samanya dhoke samavisht aaheth 
boot framework.
boot kharedi dhoran sthanik veej kendre, jaal prakriya suvidha aanee sandapani suvidha kinwa parivahan payabhoot suvidha ii. sarkhya mothya pramanat harit kshetrachya payabhoot suvidha prakalpanna nidhi puravanyasathi prakalp vittapuravatha karate.
boot vitaran model heey bott (billed-operate-transfer) vitaran modelpeksha vegale aahe, jyamadhye khajgi pakshakade malmatta mhanoon prakalpachi malki nasate, tyanna fakt kahee kalasathi too chalvanyasathi savalat milate.
boot vitaran model heey ppp (sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidari) peksha vegale aahe, jeey prakalp kararancha sandarbh dete, jethe khajgi sanstha sarkari malkichya payabhoot suvidhancha imarat aanee sanchalan bhag ghete.
billed-one-operate-transfer heey sahasa sarvottam prakarche vitaran model asate, jyamadhye khajgi kshetratil paksh kinwa sangh, khajgi kinwa sarvajanik kshetratil grahakakadoon dirghakalin prakalpasathi vittapuravatha, rachana, bandhkam, malki aanee sanchalan karnyasathi aadesh prapt karato.
jarr tumhala boot karar denyat aala asel tarr yacha arth assa aahe qee tyaa kalavadhit, tumhi khajgi paksh kinwa tumcha sangh yaa suvidheche malak aahat aanee tiche sanchalan karata; tumchya guntavanukicha aanee kamkajacha aanee dekhbhalicha kharch vasool karane aanee tumchya prakalpatoon napha kamavane heey tumche dhyey aahe.
tumhi tumcha karar vyavasthapit karata tevha tumhi tumchya prakalpachya vaparkartyankadun shulk aakarun napha kamavata aanee prakalp eka malmatta mhanoon thevata.
jokhim tumchi asali taree, yaa jokhamichi bharpai vividh sarkari protsahan, nidhi, curr savalat, nivadak lokanna kamavar thevanyasathiche paise (jase qee berojgari nokariche upkram) aanee niyamak sansthela tumhala dene yogya vatanare itar konatehi laabh yamule hote.
kantrati kalavadhichya shevati (samanyatah dashakanchya kramane) bandhkamachi malki rajyala (kinwa federal abhineta) parat dilee jaate. yaa hastantaranasathi tumhala shulk miloo shakate.
botche paryay.
khajgi kshetradvare guntavanukiche praman aanee vyavasthecha prakar mhanje prakalp lavkar purn karnyasathi kinwa vajvi kimmatit utpadan pohochavanyasathi samanyatah konatehi thos protsahan nasate. yaa prakarchya khajgi kshetrachya sahbhagala rachana-bandhani asehi mhanatat. khalee tulana keleli karane aahet qee bott model aanee tyache prakar tumchyasathi antim vaparkarta kinwa sarkari sansthesathi qaa kaam karoo shakatat.
vividh prakarchya sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidarichya (ppp) prakalpansathi 'turnkey' kharedi aanee bott 'billed-operate-transfer' modelchya sudharit aavrutya astitvat aahet, jyamadhye mukhya kantratdarachi niyukti kamanchi rachana aanee bandhkam karnyasathi kelee jaate. heey paramparik kharedi margachya (billed-design model) viruddha aahe, jithe grahak pratham vikasachi rachana karnyasathi sallagar niyukt karato aanee nantar kaame bandhanyasathi kantratdarachi niyukti karato.
khajgi kantratdar nishchit shulk, darr kinwa ekoon kharchasathi suvidhechi rachana aanee nirmiti karato, joou jinkanari boolii nivadanyachya pramukh nikashanpaiki eka aahe. kantratdar rachana aanee bandhkam tappyanmadhye samavisht asaleli jokhim gruheet dharato.
rachana-bandhani kararantargat mukhya kharedi mhanje rachana-bandhani sangh vaparkarta gatanchya vishisht garja nishchit karnyasathi malakacha pratinidhi mhanoon kaam karel; sarvottam paryay aanee kimmat nivadanyasathi vikretyanna bheta; malkala sarvat tarkik paryayanvar sallah dya; prakalpache karya samavoon ghenyasathi jaaga tayar qaraa aanee yojana qaraa; kharedi aanee kalmaryadecha samanvay sadha; payabhoot suvidha sthapit qaraa; upkarane vaparnyasathi karmcharyanna prashikshan sulabh qaraa; aanee niyoktyachya garajenusar kamanchi rachana aanee bandhkamasathi jababdar asanyavyatirikt kalji aanee dekhbhalichi ruparesha tayar qaraa, purn suvidheche sanchalan aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi kantratdar dekhil jababdar asato. sanchalan aanee dekhbhal kalavadhi anek dashakancha asel, jyaa kalat kantratdarakade 'savalat' asalyache mhatale jaate aanee too suvidhechya sanchalanasathi jababdar asato aanee parichalan utpannacha laabh gheto. matra, hii suvidha niyoktyachi malmattach rahate.
dii. bii. oo. rachana-nirmiti-sanchalan karar heey eka prakalp vitaran model aahe jyamadhye prakalpachi rachana aanee nirmiti karnyasathi aanee nantar kahee kalasathi too chalvanyasathi ekach kantratdarachi niyukti kelee jaate.
asha kararache samanya swaroop mhanje pii. pii. pii. sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidari, jyamadhye sarvajanik grahak (udaa.jee. sarkari kinwa sarvajanik sanstha) prakalpachi rachana, bandhani aanee nantar tyache sanchalan karnyasathi khajgi kantratdarashi karar karatat, tarr grahak prakalpala vittapuravatha karato aanee malki rakhoon thevato.
dii. bii. eff. oo. rachana-bandhani-vitt-sanchalan jeey rachana, bandhani, vittapuravatha aanee sanchalan karanyachi jababdari khajgi sansthela dekhil sopavate. sadhya sevechi magani jaast asatana tumchya spardhatmak prakalpala vittapuravatha karane sope asoo shakate aanee guntavanukdar konatyahi prakalpavar paise taktil, jyat lootcha dawa keela jaato, jase qee vyast mahanagarat naveen vimantal ughadane.
blt billed-lease-transfer, jyamadhye sarvajanik kshetratil bhagidar kantratdarakadun prakalp bhadyane deto aanee tyachya kamkajachi jababdari dekhil gheto.
rotate renovate-operate-transfer hii payabhoot suvidhansathi kharedichi eka paddhat aahe jee aadhich astitvat aahe parantu nikrusht darjachi kamgiri karat aahe.
tumhala mahitach aahe qee, jevha atyavashyak seva karyakshamatene kinwa prabhavipane karyarat nasatat, tevha durusti mahag houu shakate. jevha ekhadi kalbahya jhaleli suvidha kinwa suvidha (durdhvani marg ii. sarkhya konatyahi sarvajanik sevesathi) asel.) kalbahya hote aanee mahagadya durustichi aavashyakta asate, sarvajanik-khajgi bhagidaridware tyala vittapuravatha keela jaau shakato; sarvajanik sanstha aanee khajgi kantratdar jeey nutanikaran seva pradan karnyas aanee durusti purn jhalyanantar prakalp vyavasthapan chalavanyas saksham aahet.
aarthik siddhant.
kantrati siddhantanusar, anek lekhakanni payabhoot suvidha prakalpanchya bandhkam aanee parichalan tappyanche fayade aanee tote yancha abhyas keela aahe. visheshtah, oliver hartney (2003) prakalpache vividh tappe eka khajgi kantratdarachya antargat ekatra kele jaatat tevha gair-kararyogya guntavanuk karnyasathi protsahan qamee aahe qee mothe aahe yacha tapas karnyasathi apoorn karar drushtikonacha vapar keela aahe. haart (2003) assa yuktivad karato qee kharch qamee karnyasathichya bundling protsahanankhalil guntavanuk under bandalingapeksha mothee aahe. tathapi, kadhikadhi kharch qamee karnyasathi protsahan jaast asoo shakate kaaran tyamule gunavattet mothya pramanat ghat hote, tyamule heey prakalpachya tapashilanvar avalambun asate qee bundle karane kinwa bundle karane ishtatam aahe. harts (2003) chey kaam anek dishanni vistarle gele aahe. udaharanarth, bennet andd iosa (2006) aanee martimort andd poyet (2008) heey bundle aanee malki hakkanchya parasparsanvadachi chaukashi karatat, tarr hoppey aanee schmitz (2013,2021) heey navkalpana karnyasathi bundleche parinam shodhatat.

