evro valkan

evro valkan (nantar julai 1963 pasoon feriwalya sideli valkan) heey jett-sanchalit, telles, delta-wing, uchch unchivaril, dhoranatmak bombfecki viman aahe, jeey 1956 teey 1984 paryant royal air force (aar. aii. eff.) dware chalavale jaat hote.vhee. roow aanee company (evro) yanni tayar kelelya teen vhee bomberspacky vishisht b.35/46 chya pratisadat vulconchi rachana kelee, vulcanla tantrikdrushtya sarvat pragat manale gele, mhanoon sarvat dhokadayak paryay. delta-wing design tattvanchi chachani aanee sudharana karnyasathi evro 707 mhanoon niyukt keleli anek qamee-praman vimananchi nirmiti karnyat aalee.
valkan bii. 1 pahilyanda 1956 madhye raffla denyat aale; sudharit valkan bii. 2 chee delivery 1960 madhye suru jhaali. bii. 2 madhye adhik shaktishali injine, eka mothe pankh, sudharit vidyut pranali aanee electronic pratikar upay hote aanee nile steel kshepanastra swikaranyasathi anekanmadhye badal karnyat aale. vee-forcecha eka bhag mhanoon, shityuddhachya bahutansh kalat valkan haah united kingdamchya havai aanvik pratibandhakcha kanaa hota. jaree vulcan samanyatah anvastranni susajj asale, taree teey paramparik bombsfot mohima dekhil karoo shakat hote, jeey tyanni 1982 madhye united kingdam aanee argentine yanchyatil focklands yuddhadarmyan operation black bakmadhye kele hote.
valkankade konatihi sanrakshanatmak shastre navhati, suruvatila adthala talhanyasathi uchch-gatee, uchch-unchichya uddanavar avalambun hote. 1960 chya sumaras bii. 1 (niyukt bii. 1 aii) aanee bii. 2 yanni electronic pratikar upayancha vapar keela. 1960 chya dashakachya madhyat nimn-stariy davpechanmadhye badal karnyat aala. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat, nau vulcan sagari radar tohee mohimansathi sweekarle gele, jyanna bii. 2 (emm. aar. aar.) mhanoon punha niyukt karnyat aale. sevechya shevatchya varshant, havai indhan bharnyasathi sahaa vulconche keey. 2 tanker sanrachanet rupantar karnyat aale.
rafney nivrutt kelyanantar, eka udaharan, bii. 2 xh558, jyala 'gret brittoncha aatma' asey naav denyat aale, teey pradarshan uddane aanee havai pradarshananmadhye vaparnyasathi punarsanchayit karnyat aale, tarr itar done bii. 2, ex. ell. 426 aanee ex. emm. 655, ground runn aanee pratyakshikesathi karpatra sthiteet thevanyat aale aahet. bii. 2 xh558 neey aktoobar 2015 madhye shevatche uddan kele aanee teey dekhil karpatra sthiteet thewale jaat aahe.
vikas.
mool.
valkan aanee itar vhee bombersche mool prarambhik british anushastra karyakram aanee anoo pratibandhak dhorananshi jodalele aahe. august 1946 madhye jaaree kelelya havai havai parichalan aavashyakta or.1001 pasoon brittonchya anubomb karyakramachi suruvat jhaali. yamule janewari 1947 madhye anushastranvaril sanshodhan aanee vikas karyala adhikrut karnyasathi sarkari nirnayachi apeksha hotee.ess. 1946 chya anuurja kayadyane (mcmohan kayada) manhatton prakalpavar sahkarya kelelya deshannahi anoo dnyanachya niryativar bandee ghatali hotee. or.1001 neey lambi, vyas aanee vajanapeksha jaast jaast shastrachi kalpana kelee. teey shastra baher kadhanyasathi yogya asave lagale.
janewari 1947 madhye, puravatha mantralayane yooke vimanchalan companyanna viman mageel parichalan aavashyakta purn karnyasathi vishishtata b.35/46 vitarit kelee, jeey "madhyam pallyachya bombfecki vimanasathi, jeey jagatil kuthehi asalelya talapasoon lakshyaparyant eka bomb nenyas saksham aahe."darmyanchya unchivar paribhraman gatee nirdisht kelee gelee hotee. purn bharit asatana kamal vajan jaast nasave. vaikalpikaritya, heey viman paramparik bomb bhaar vahoon nenyas saksham asave. samaan or.230 sathee purn bharit asatana kamal vajanasah krutichya trijyasah "lamb pallyachya bombfekichi" aavashyakta hotee; hii aavashyakta khoop achook manali jaat hotee. avros sahaa kampanyanni yaa tapashilasathi tantrik mahitipatrake sadar kelee.
april 1947 chya akheris nivida bharavi lagalyane, tantrik sanchalak roy chadwick aanee mukhya designer stuart davies yanchya netrutvakhali evro yethe vishishtata b.35/46 prapt karnyavar kaam suru jhaale; yaa prakarche naav 'evro 698' hote. rachana chamoola spasht hote qee, paramparik viman tapashilanche samadhan karoo shakale nahee. royal aircraft aasthapana (aar. aii. eae.) kinwa amerikekadun vegwan uddanabaddal konatihi upayukt mahitee upalabdh navhati. alekzandar lipischne delta-wing ladhau vimanachi rachana kelee aahe yachee avrola jaaniv hotee aanee tyach delta sanrachanevar tyanchya bombfekisathi yogya tharel asey tyanna vatale. 45° chya swipped wings, anyatha paramparik vimanane vajanachi aavashyakta duppat kelee asatee, assa chamoone andaj vartavala. swipped wings anudairdhya sthirata vadhavtat heey lakshat yetach, sanghane shepati (empanage) aanee sahayyak fuselays kadhoon takale, asha prakare too swipped-back flying wing banala, jyamadhye pratyek wingtipwar fakt eka prathamik forward fuselays aanee eka finn (anulamb stabilizer) hota. aata andajit vajan garajepeksha keval 50 takke jaast hote; pankhanche aakarman qamee jhalyamule aanee pankhanchya tokanmadhil jaaga bharoon pankhanche kshetrafal rakhalyamule tribhuj aakar jhaala, jyamule tapasheel purn karane shakya jhaale. alekzandar lipishkala samanyatah tribhuj pankhacha praneta mhanoon shrey dile jaat asale taree, chadwickchya chamoone tyachya swatachya tarkik rachana prakriyeche anusaran kele hote. suruvatichya rachana sadar kartana chaar mothe turbojet jodyanmadhye gundallele hote jeey madhyareshechya donhi bajunchya pankhanmadhye dadalele hote. enginechya baher done bombbe hote.
august 1947 madhye, evro tudor 2 prototypechya apghatamadhye chadwickcha mrutyu jhaala aanee surr william farrenne tyache sthan ghetale. pankhanchya jadimadhye ghat jhalyamule vibhajit bombche khade aanee stack keleli injine samavisht karane ashakya jhaale, asha prakare engine ekach bombchya khadichya donhi bajunna jodyanmadhye bajula bajula thevanyat aalee, aanee fuselays kahee pramanat vadhat hota. pankhanchya tokavaril pankhanni vimanachya madhyareshevar ekach pankhala marg deela. pratispardhi utpadak handley pejala november 1947 madhye tyachya ardhchandra-pankhanchya hp.80 b.35/46 nividesathi namuna karar midala. jaree sarvottam paryay manla gela asala taree, evrochya rachnesathicha karar puraskar tyachya tantrik samarthyachi sthapana hott asatana vilambit jhaala. done evro 698 pratikrutinchya bandhkamas pudhe jaanyachya soochana janewari 1948 madhye prapt jhalya. donhi moolbhut rachana ayashasvi honyachya viruddha vima upay mhanoon, lahan bhavanna qamee-kathor tapasheel b.14/46 chya namuna sa. 4 sathee karar midala. sa. 4, jyala nantar sperin asey naav denyat aale, tyachi aavashyakta navhati. april 1948 madhye, wickersna tyanchya 660 prakarasah pudhe jaanyacha adhikar dekhil midala, joou jaree b.35/46 tapashilapeksha qamee asala taree, parantu adhik paramparik rachanecha asala taree, lavkarach upalabdh hoil. heey viman shoorvir mhanoon sevet dakhal jhaale.
evro 707 aanee evro 710.
evrola delta vingcha uddan anubhav naslyamule, companyne 698 varr aadharit done lahan prayogik vimananchi yojana aakhali, qamee-gatee hatalanisathi eka trutiyansh scale model 707 aanee uchch-gatee hatalanisathi ardha scale model 710. pratyeki done aurder denyat aalya. 710 radd karnyat aale jevha teey vikasit karnyasathi khoop velkhau manale gele; 707 chaa eka uchch-gatee prakar tyachya jaagi, 707a, tayar karnyat aala. pahile 707, vhee. ex. 784, september 1949 madhye udale, parantu tyaa mahinyachya uttaradhat kosalale, jyat viman aanee shastrastra prayogik aasthapaneche mukhya chachani pilot squadran leader samuel erich essler, dii. eff. see., aii. eae. thaar jhaale. dusari qamee-gatichi 707, vhee. ex. 790, jee ajunahi apoorn asalelya asalelya naak vibhagasah (eka ejection seat asaleli) bandhali gelee aanee gelicheeii punarnirdharan kele gele, september 1950 madhye evro chachani pilot doubleu. jee. cdr. roland "rollie" phauk yanni udavale. julai 1951 madhye uchch-gatee 707aii, doubleu. dii. 480, neey anusaran kele.
707 karyakramachya vilambamule, 698 chya moolbhut rachnesathi gelee aanee 707aii chey yogdan mahattvapoorn manale gele nahee, jaree tyat jaminivaril ghatana 3.5°, ishtatam take-auph vrutti denyasathi nosavhilachi lambi vadhavanyachi garaj adhorekhit kelee gelee. gelee aanee 707aii neey rachanechi vaidhata siddha kelee aanee delta yojanaprakaravar vishvas deela. dusra 707aii, 707aii aanee done aasan asalela asalela, 707see dekhil bandhanyat aala hota, parantu parantu vikasat tyancha konatahi sahbhag navhata.
namuna aanee prakar pramanpatra.
pahila namuna vx770 aanee naav.
698 chya rachneteel evro 707 peksha adhik prabhavi mhanje reey farnbero yethe keleli pawan-bogdyachi chachani hotee. yamule sankuchitata odhane suru houu naye mhanoon cranked aanee dropped leading aij aanee vertex generatorcha samavesh asalelya pankhanchya punarnirdharanasathi aavashyak hote, jyamule kamal veg maryadit jhaala asata. yaa pankhanchya badalamule 'tappa 2' pankha tayar jhaala jyachi pratham evro 707aii doubleu. dii. 480 varr tapasani karnyat aalee. haah badal done namuna 698s aanee pahilya teen bii. 1 vimananvar tyanchya pahilya uddananpurvi samavisht karnyas khoop usheer jhaala hota. (bii. 1s lavkar punha basavale gele).
prushthbhagavar rangache rangeet chamakdar, 698 namuna vhee. ex. 770, tyachya shuddha tribhuj pankhansah, 30 august 1952 roji prathamach rollie fockney ektyane uddan kele. vhee. ex. 770, keval pahilya pilotchya ejection seat aanee paramparik niyantran chakane susajj, chaar rolls-royce aar. aii. 3 evon injinedware chalavale jaat hote, tyachi ichchit bristall olympus injine upalabdh navhati. yaa namunamadhye fuselays indhan taakee hotee parantu pankhanchya taakee navhatya, mhanoon tatpurati atirikt taakee bomb bemadhye vahoon nenyat aalee. pudhchya mahinyat jevha fockney jawaljawal ubhya ubhya pradarshan kele tevha vhee. ex. 770 haah 1952 saalee british viman nirmatyanchya societymadhye (ess. bii. aii. see.) furnbero air shomadhye disala. 
tyachya furnbero swarupanantar, evro 698 chey bhavishyatil naav haah andajancha vishay hota. evero canadabarobarchya companychya sambandhanchya sanmanarth evarone 'ottawa' yaa navachi jordar shifaras kelee hotee. flight' yaa saptahik masikane 'badala ghenara', 'apolo' aanee 'assegai' nakarlyanantar 'albian' suchavale. havai dall pramukhanni vhee-shrenichya bombersna pradhanya dile aanee havai parishadene pudhchya mahinyat ghoshana kelee qee 698 laa agni aanee vinashachya roman devatevarun 'valkan' mhatale jaeel. 
janewari 1953 madhye, vhee. ex. 770 heey pankhanchya indhan takya, armstrong sideli aanee itar pranalinchya nilmani enginanchya sthapanesathi ground karnyat aale; julai 1953 madhye teey punha uddan kele.
dusra namuna vx777.
dusra namuna, vhee. ex. 777, pahilyanda 3 september 1953 roji udala. utpadan vimanache adhik pratinidhi, pankhanchya hallyacha coone vadhavanyasathi, take-auph dhaav qamee karnyasathi, nakakhalil lamb paay thevanyasathi too lamb karnyat aala. tyat kebinkhali bomb-uddeshit drishyaman phood hota aanee tyat bristall olympus 100 injine bharali hotee. fockchya soochanenusar, niyantran chakala ladhau shailichya niyantran kathine badalale hote. vx770 pramane, vx777 laa saral agrabhagi asalelya kadaa asalele mool pankh hote. hote furnbero air shomadhye vhee. ex. 777 heey pahilya namuna vhee. ex. 770 aanee chaar evro 707s dware tayar karnyat aale. julai 1954 madheel chachanyandarmyan, furnbero yethe jhalelya mothya landingmadhye vhee. ex. 777 chey mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale. evro aanee boscombe yethe viman aanee shastrastra prayogik aasthapana (aii andd aii. eae. eae.) saha chachanya punha suru karnyapurvi tyachi durusti karnyat aalee, jyat olympic 101 injine basavanyat aalee.
chachani aanee prakar pramanpatra.
aii andd ae yethe yethe chya uchch-gatee aanee uchch-unchichya uddan lifafyacha shodh ghetana, maryadit mack kramankashi sampark sadhatana saumya bufe aanee itar avanchhit uddan vaishishtye anubhavali gelee, jyat aniyantrit dubki marnyachya dhokadayak pravrutticha samavesh aahe. nihshastra bombfekisathi heey asvikarya tharvanyat aale. fages 2 wing basavalyane bufe hatvale aanee auto-match treamerne hye-speed divecha pratikar keela. veg gambhirpane vadhalyane nantarchya vaparat varchya-liftcha vapar keela. hii varr-unch karnari shakti, dubkicha samna karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya shaktipeksha jaast hotee. parinami, jasjasa veg vadhat gela tasatase niyantran stambhala sapat uddan rakhanyasathi khechanyaivaji dhakalave lagale. yaa krutrim pitch-apmule vulcanche handle itar vimanansarkhech jhaale kaaran tyacha veg vadhala.
pahile utpadan bii. 1 xa889 neey februwari 1955 madhye mool pankhyasah pratham uddan kele aanee junmadhye chachanyanmadhye sameel jhaale. september 1955 madhye, fockney bii. 1 xa890 (jeey redio chachanyanvaril mosachya havai tafyacha bhag mhanoon woodford yethe rahile hote) yaa squadran nirmitiche uddan kele, tyane ess. bii. aii. see. adhyakshanchya tambusamor tyachya squadran flypastver baryl roll karyanvit karoon furnbero havai karyakramat gardila aashcharyachakit kele. done divasanchya uddananantar, tyala seva aanee nagri viman vahtook vahtook bolavanyat aale aanee haah 'dhokadayak' davpech talhanyache aadesh denyat aale. aata fages 2 wings susajj, xa889 march 1956 madhye aii andd aii. eae. kadey yaa prakarchya uddankshamatechya prarambhik pramanpatrasathi chachanyansathi vitarit karnyat aale jeey tyala pudhil mahinyat midale.
sevet.
valkan bii. 1 aanee bii. 1aii.
pahile 15 utpadan bii. 1 heey olympic 101 dware chalavale gele hote. dhatuche purnank asaleli hii suruvatichi anek udaharane puravatha mantralayachi malmatta rahili, jee chachanya aanee vikasachya uddeshansathi rakhoon thewali gelee. raff sevet pravesh pravesh kramank 230 operational conversion unit (oo. see. yuu.) kadey vitarit karnyat aale, jeey julai 1956 madhye pahile hote. nantarche viman, anty-flash whitemadhye rangavalele aanee olympus 102 dware jorane chalavale jaanare, julai 1957 madhye squadran sevet pravesh karoo lagale. olympus 102s laa olympus 104 manakachya durustidarmyan sudharit kele gele, shevati joravar moolyankan kele gele.
bii. bii bii. keey mhanoon punarbandhani karnyacha vichar keela gela parantu kharchamule tee nakarli gelee. tathapi, bii. 1 chey seva ayushya vadhavanyasathi, 28 (olympus 102/104 engines susajj asalele urvarit urvarit viman) 1959 aanee 1963 darmyan armstrong whiteworthdware bii. 1aii mankamadhye upgraded kele gele, jyat bii. 2 chee vaishishtye jase qee eae. see. emm. upkarane, vimanatil indhan bharnyachi upkarane aanee yuu. etch. eff. redio yancha samavesh aahe. tathapi, b.1as heey khalchya patalivaril kamansathi balkat kele gele navhate aanee 1968 paryant serve mage ghenyat aale.
valkan bii. 2.
1952 salaparyant, bristall ero engine thrust rait kelelya bol.6 (olympus 6) chaa vikas suru keela hota, parantu jarr bii. 1 laa basavale gele asate, tarr yamule bufe punha suru jhaale asate, jyasathi pankhanchya pudhil punarrachanechi aavashyakta asate.
valkanchya bii. 2 aavrutyansah pudhe jaanyacha nirnay meey 1956 madhye ghenyat aala, joou evrochya mukhya designer roy evancene vikasit keela. pahile bii. 2 heey 99 vimananpaiki vimananpaiki vimanachya aaspas asanyachi apeksha hotee. tasech uddishtanpeksha adhik unchi gathanyat saksham asanyamule, vimanatil indhan bharnyachi upkarane aanee tanker vimananchya tartudimule parichalan lavchikta vadhavali gelee asey manale jaat hote. soviet havai sanrakshananchya vadhatya susanskratatesathi electronic countermasor (eae. see. emm.) upkarananchi fitting aavashyak hotee aanee evero blue steel stand-auph kshepanastra sadar karoon, nantar vikasat asatana, asurakshitata qamee kelee jaau shakate. heey prastav vikasit karnyasathi, squadran valkan namuna vx777 chee mothya aanee patal fages-2c pankhansah, sudharit uddan niyantran prushthbhag aanee olympus 102 enginance punarbandhani karnyat aalee, jee august 1957 madhye yaa sanrachanet pratham uddan karat hotee. bii 2 chya vikasasathi anek valkan bii. 1 ess. chaa vapar karnyat aalah bol.6 (nantar olympus 200), xa 891; eka naveen essie vidyut pranali, xa 893; ubhari asalelya shepatichya shankuchya aat jammers ecm aanee shepaticha ishara radar, xa 895: aanee nilya poladachya vikasasathi, vikasasathi.
46 weey utpadan viman aanee pahile bii. 2, ex. etch. 533, yanni september 1958 madhye olympus 200 engine vaparoon, march 1959 madhye shevatchya bii. 1 xh532 vitarit honyachya sahaa mahine aadhi pratham uddan kele. dusare bii. 2, ex. etch. 534, janewari 1959 madhye uddan kele. jorasah utpadan olympus 201s dware samarthit, teey utpadan vimanache adhik pratinidhi hote, jyat uddanatil indhan bharane tapasani aanee ubharicha eae. see. emm. shepati shanku basavala gela hota. tyanantarchya kahee bii. 2 madhye suruvatila shodhak aanee eae. see. emm. shepatiche shanku navhate, parantu teey punha basavale gele. pahilya 10 bii. 2 neey bahyaritya tyanche bii. 1 purvaj dakhavale, jyamule engineche arund haveche sevan tikoon rahile. aanakhi shaktishali enginechi apeksha karat, karat (xh557) aanee tyanantarchya vimanat haveche sevan adhik khol kele gele. suruvatichya kalatil anek vimane chachanyansathi rakhoon thevanyat aalee hotee aanee 12 vee bii. 2, xh558, julai 1960 madhye rafla denyat aaleli pahili hotee. yogayogane, 1992 madhye nivrutt honyapurvi, xh558 hii rafchya sevet asaleli shevatchi vulcan dekhil hotee.
februwari 1956 madhye aurder kelelya utpadan tukadipaiki pahili, 26 vee bii. 2, ex. ell. 317, hii nilee polad kshepanastra vahoon nenyas saksham vikas vimanavyatirikt pahili valkan hotee; yaa badalansah 33 vimane raffla denyat aalee. december 1959 madhye jevha douglus gumm-87 skybolt havai prakshepit ballistic kshepanastrachya bajoone nilya poladachi emm. keey. 2 aavrutti radd karnyat aalee, tevha naveen kshepanastrachya apekshene pratyek pankhachya khalee eka, fitting badalanyat aalee. november 1962 madhye skybolt radd karnyat aala asala taree, anek vimananna 'skybolt' phood denyat aale kinwa punha basavanyat aale. nantarchya kalat olympus 301 engines vimananchi pathvani karnyat aalee. chachanya aanee vikas kamansathi purvichya done vimananche (xh557 aanee xj784) punar engine karnyat aale; 1963 chya sumaras aanakhi saat vimananche rupantar karnyat aale.
shevatche bii. 2 xm657 1965 madhye vitarit karnyat aale aanee prakar 1984 paryant seva dett hota. sevet asatana, bii. 2 madhye jalad engine starting, bomb-beey indhan tank, vimanala qamee staravar udanyas saksham karnyasathi thakwa jeevan denyasathi pankh balkat karane (1960 chya dashakachya madhyat sadar keleli yukti), sudharit navigation upkarane, bhupradesh-anusaran radar, samanya shastravaril pramanikaran (we.177) aanee sudharit eae. see. emm. upkarane yasah badalansah satat adyayavat kele gele. nau bii. 2s heey sagari radar tohee bhoomika aanee sahaa havai tanker bhoomika badalanyat aale. 21 pasoon 30,000 paund vajanache bomb vahoon nenyachi parvanagi denari adyayavat bomb rack assembly evrone pradarshit kelee hotee parantu tee sadar kelee gelee nahee. adyayavat pankh profilechi shreni 4,000 nm (7,400 kiimii) paryant vadhali.
prastavit vikas aanee radd kelele prakalp.
evro 718 haah 1951 madheel 80 sainik kinwa 110 pravasi vahoon nenyasathi 698 prakaravar aadharit tribhuj-pankhanchya lashkari vahatukicha prastav hota. teey chaar bristall olympus bol.3 injindware chalavale gele asate.
evro prakar 722 atlantic haah 1952 chaa prastav hota (juuna 1953 madhye ghoshit) joou 698 prakaravar aadharit 120-pravasi delta-pankhanchya vimanasathi hota.
evero 732 haah valkanchya supersonic vikasasathi 1956 chaa prastav hota aanee too 8 dii havilland giron junier injindware chalavala gela asata. 1952 chya prastavit evero 721 nimn-stariy bombfecki kinwa 1954 pasoonchya evero 730 supersonic steel cannard bombfekichya ulat (namuna purn honyapurvi 1957 madhye radd karnyat aale), prakar 732 neey tyacha vulcan varsa darshavila.
1960 madhye, havai havai 12 tasanchya mohimechi lambi saksham asalelya sahaa skybolt kshepanastranni susajj asalelya gast kshepanastra vahkasathi abhyasasathi vinanti karoon evroshi sampark sadhala. meey 1960 madhye evrone 6 vaa vulcan sadar keela hota, joou vulcan bii. 3 asel. vimanat vadhiv indhan kshamtesah vistarit pankhanchi basavanyat aalee hotee; prushthbhagachya mankyat atirikt indhan takya; serve-up-vajan vahoon nenyasathi eka naveen mukhya undercares; aanee olympus 301s punha garam kelele jore. aktoobar 1960 chya sudharit prastavat, eka madat pilots sahaa kru sadasyanchya kshamtesah, jeey serve baher kadhanyachya jaganvar pudhe tond karatat aanee olympus 301 chya mageel-pankha aavrutyansah, pudhechya fyoojlejmadhye eka plug samavisht keela.
niryat prastav.
itar deshanni vulcan kharedi karnyat swarasya darshavile, parantu itar vhee-bomberspramanech, konatihi paradeshi vikri pratyakshat aalee nahee.
1954 chya suruvatilach, royal austreliyan air forcene (raaf) olakhale qee ingraji electric canberra lavkarach kalbahya houu shakato. boing boing, handley-pages victor aanee vulcan yasarkhya sambhavya badalancha vichar keela gela. 
1962 madhye canberachya badalyasathi rajkiy dabav aala, toparyant uttar american aii-5 vilant, back tsr-2, general dynamics eff-111 yasarkhya chapal, supersonic bombers/strategic strike vimane upalabdh jhaali hotee. jarr austreliyan sarkarne tii. ess. aar.-2 chee purv-magani kelee asatee, tarr rafachya antarim vaparasathi vulcans anek vhee-bomb upalabdh karoon denyat aale asate; tathapi, tathapi magani karnyat aalee hotee. (tii. ess. aar.-2 radd kelyanantar, yooke sarkarne jawaljawal tyaa nirnayache palan kele-tyala ashach prakarche prakarche deu karnyat aale.)
1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila, argentine anek vulcan kharedi karnyachya prastavasah britankade gela. september 1981 madhye kelelya arjamadhye 'yogya viman' lavkar upalabdh vhavi ashee vinanti karnyat aalee hotee. kahisha anichhene, british mantryanni ekach vimanachya niryatila manjuri dilee, parantu mothya sankhyene vikrisathi manjuri denyat aaleli nahee yavar bharr deela. janewari 1982 madhye british pararashtra aanee rashtrakul karyalayane sanrakshn mantralayala lihilelya patrat asey mhatale hote qee, argentinache hitsambandh aanee asey hitsambandh kharey aahet qee nahee heey nishchit naan karata asey ghadanyachi shakyata qamee disateh 'tase asale taree, hallah karnare viman focklandsveril hallyasathi purnapane yogya tharel.'teen mahinyanpeksha qamee kalanantar argentine fockland betanvar aakraman kele, jyanantar konatyahi lashkari upkarananchya vikrivar britishanni twarit bandee ghatali.
rachana.
vihangavalokan.
tyachya aamulagra aanee asamanya aakar asoonahi, havai chaukati paramparik reshanvar bandhali gelee hotee. sarvat jaast tanalele bhag vagalata, sampoorn rachana prakash mishradhatuchya manak shrenitun tayar kelee gelee hotee. airframeche anek pramukh jodyanmadhye vibhajan karnyat aaleh madhyabhag, bomb beey aanee engine beey asalela aayatakruti boxes jyamadhye samoril aanee mageel spars aanee pankhanchya vahtook sandhyanni vedhalele aahet; intech aanee madhya fuselays; samoril fuselays, jyamadhye pressure kebin samavisht aahe; naak; bahya pankh; aaghadichya kadaa; fuselagechya pankhanchya mageel bajuchi aanee mageel toke; aanee mageel kathavar ekach patanga asalela eka swip tail finn hota.
paach jananchya chamoola done staranvar pressure kebinmadhye thevanyat aale hote; pahila pilot aanee saha-pilot martin-bekar martin-bekar (bii 2 varr varr ejection seatwar basala hota tarr khalchya staravar navigator radar, navigator plotter aanee air electronics officer (aii. eae. oo.) mageel bajus basale hote aanee praveshdvaradvare viman sodoon jaat hote. mool bii 35/46 tapashilane hatavata yenyajoga karmchari vibhag magitala hota, parantu tyanantarchya durustimadhye hii aavashyakta kadhoon taknyat aalee; mageel mageel palayan pranali anekada vadacha muddah hotee, jase qee jevha vyavharik sudharana yojana nakarli gelee. navik radarchya pudhe eka prathamik sahavi aasan atirikt kru sadasyasathi pradan karnyat aalee hotee; bii. 2 madhye sahavya aasanachya samore aanee aii. oo. chya pudhe atirikt satvi aasan hotee. visual bomb-emarchya dabyat dabyat (nila deville) bombsite basavata yeu shakat hota, anek bii. 2 madhye, yaa jaaget semulated loow-level bombbaji dhavanche moolyankan karnyasathi anulambapane basavalela winten winten mk.10 camera hota.
14 pishavyanchya takyanmadhye indhan vahoon nele jaat hote, chaar noseville bechya varchya aanee mageel madhyabhagi aanee pratyek bahya pankhyat paach. takya jawaljawal samaan kshamatechya chaar gatanmadhye vibhagalya gelya hotya, pratyek samanyatah aapapalya enginela poshan dett asey, jaree cross-feeding shakya hote. gurutvakarshanache kendra svayamchalitapane vidyut timerdware rakhale gele, jyanni takyanvaril booster pampanchi kramvari lavali. buub. 2 vimanat bombchya khadimadhye eka kinwa done atirikt indhan takya basavata yeu shakatat.
qamee radar cross-section aanee itar gupt ghatak vicharat ghenyapurvi rachana kelee gelee asali taree, 1957 chya eka aar. eae. tantrik nondit asey mhatale aahe qee aataparyant abhyas kelelya serve vimananpaiki, valkan tyachya aakaramule aataparyant sarvat sopee radar-ecoing object mhanoon disali; itar bahutek prakaranmadhil teen kinwa tyahoon adhik ghatakanchya tulanet konatyahi pailuvar pratidhvanit karnyasathi keval eka kinwa done ghatakanche lakshaniy yogdan hote.
rung yojana.
done namuna vulcans chamakdar prushthbhagavar rangat purn karnyat aale hote. suruvatichya valkan bii. bii naisargik dhatuchya purnankat karkhana sodala; nakachya redomchya pudhil ardhya bhagala kaale rung dile gele hote, mageel ardhya bhagala chandiche rung dile gele hote. front-line valkan bii. bii anty-flash white aanee raff "type dii" roundleschi purnank hotee. front-line valkan b.1as aanee bii. keey sarkhech hote, parantu fikat golansah.
1960 chya dashakachya madhyat nimn-stariy hallyachya profilecha avalamb kelyanantar, b.1as aanee bii. bii varchya prushthbhagavar, prushthbhagavar prushthbhagavar aanee "type dii" golanvar chamakdar sagari rakhadi madhyam aanee gadad hiravya vighatankari swarupache chhadmavaran denyat aale. (shevatchya 13 vulcan bii. keey, xm645 nantar, asha prakare karkhanyatun vitarit karnyat aale). 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat, valkan bii. 2s laa matt chhadmavaran, halakya vimanachya rakhadi aateel bajoo aanee "qamee drushyamanata" golansah ashich yojana midali. bii. 2 (emm. aar. aar.) laa chamkat ashich yojana midali; aanee redomschya pudhil ardhya bhaganna aata kaale rangavale gele navhate. 1979 pasoon, 10 valkanla gadad sagari rakhadi aanee gadad hiravya rangache aavaran aale kaaran, yuu. ess. madheel laal zendyachya saravadarmyan, bachav pradan samm sainyala asey aadhalale hote qee vulcanche rakhadi rangalele talbhag talbhag unch konanvar jaminiviruddha adhik drishyaman jhaale.
vimanchalan.
mool valkan bii. 1 redio fitt aseh done 10-channell vhee. etch. eff. transmitter/receiver (tii. aar.-1985/tii. aar.-1986) aanee eka 24-channell etch. eff. transmitter-receiver (tii. aar.-18). valkan bii. 1aii madhye uhf transmitter-receiver (aark-52) dekhil hota. suruvatiche bii. 2 redio fitt heey bii. 1aii sarkhech hote, jaree teey shevati chaap-52, vhee/uhf transmitter/receiver (ptr-175) aanee single-sideband modulation hf transmitter-receiver (collins (collins neey basavale gele hote.
nauvahan aanee bombsfot pranalimadhye valkanchya etch2ess radar aanee nauvahan bombsfot sanganak sanganak yancha samavesh hota. itar nauvahan sadhananmadhye marconi redio kampas (aii. dii. eff.), jee. eae. emm. keey. 3, groundspeed aanee drift coone nirdharit karnyasathi green satin doppler radar, redio aanee radar ultimeter aanee eka upkaran utaran pranali yancha samavesh hota. 1964 madhye bii. 1 aii aanee bii. 2 madhye tackanne jeechi jaaga ghetali. 1969 chya sumaras bii. 2 madhye dekka doppler 72 neey hiravya satinchi jaaga ghetali. 102, 103. vimanachya sthitiche satat pradarshan jaminivaril sthitichya nirdeshkandware rakhale gele.
kshepanastra vahoon nele gele asatana pranalimadhye ektrit kelelya nilya polad kshepanastrachya jadatviy vyaspithavar aadharit vulcan bii. 2s madhye akheris muktapane chalanari duheri-geroscopic heading sandarbh pranali (taas) emm. keey. 2 basavanyat aalee. tasanchya velenusar navigatorche heading unit pradan kele gele, jyamule navigator plotterla vimanache heading, autopilotdware, 0.00 anshanitke qamee samayojit karane shakya jhaale. bii. 2 (emm. aar. aar.) madhye atiriktapane loran see navigation pranali basavanyat aalee hotee.
bii. 1aii aanee bii. 2 chaa mool eae. see. emm. fitt eka hirwa paam voice communication jammer hota; done nile diver metrik jammer; teen laal kolambi ess-band jammer; chaar arials eka nila saga nishkriy chetavani receiver; eka laal steer tail chetavani radar; aanee chaf vitarak. bahutansh upkarane mothya, vistarit shepatichya shankoot vahoon nenyat aalee hotee aanee starboard telpipeschya darmyan eka sapat eae. see. emm. havai counterpoise plate basavanyat aalee hotee. bii. 2 vareel nantarchya upkarnanmadhye samavisht hoteh ell band jammer (laal kolambichi jaaga); aii. aar. aay. 18146 ex-band jammer; hiravya pamchi jaaga; sudharit laal steer emm. keey. 2; infra-reed decoy (flairs); aanee aii. aar. aay. 18228 peedblue. aar. tyachya arials jyane pankhala chauras varr dile.
niyantran.
vimanavar ladhau-prakarchya niyantran kathee aanee patwar pattyane niyantran thewale gele, jeey sanchalit uddan niyantrane chalvat hote, jyat patwar vagalata pratyekache ekach vidyut-hydraulic-sanchalit uddan niyantran ekak hote, jyamadhye done hote, eka back-up mhanoon chalate. krutrim anubhav aanee pitch aanee yau damperschya swarupat svayanchalit sthirikaran, tasech auto mack treamer pradan karnyat aale.
bii. 1 madheel uddan upkarane paramparik hotee aanee tyat tyat hokayantre; emm. keey. 4 krutrim kshitij; aanee shoonya vachak uddan pradarshan upkarane samavisht hotee. bii. 1 kadey smiths emm. keey. 10 autopilot hota. bii. 2 madhye, hii vaishishtye smiths lashkari uddan pranalimadhye (emm. eff. ess.) samavisht kelee gelee hotee, pilotche ghatak asey hoteh done beam horpus; done sanchalak-kshitij; aanee eka mk.10a kinwa mk.10b autopilot. 1966 pasoon, bii. 2s madhye "aii. aar. aay. 5959" tii. eff. aar. basavanyat aale, jeey samanya gatishilatedware tayar kele gele, aanee tyachya aadeshanna nirdeshak-kshitijanmadhye bharale jaat hote.
bii. 1 madhye chaar lift (inboard) aanee chaar ileron (outboard) hote. bii. 2 madhye, tyanchi jaaga aath liftney ghetali. valkanmadhye sahaa vidyut sanchalit teen-sthitiche (mage ghenyat aalele, madhyam dragg, uchch dragg) airbreak dekhil basavale gele hote, chaar varchya madhya vibhagat aanee done khalchya bhagat. suruvatila, khalche chaar airbreak vaparale gele hote, parantu viman sevemadhye pravesh karnyapurvi bahereel done hatavanyat aale. shepatichya shankuchya aat break parachute basavanyat aala hota.
vidyut aanee jaal pranali.
b.1/b.1a vareel mukhya vidyut pranali 112 vhee. dii. see. hotee jee chaar 22.5kw engine-chalit starter-generatordware puravali gelee hotee. 96 vhee pradan pradan maliket jodalelya chaar 24 vhee 40 aah batterindware backup power pradan kelee gelee. duyyam vidyut pranali 28 vhee. dii. see., 1600 hertzwer eka-tappa 115 vhee. essie. aanee 400 hertzwer teen-tappa 115 vhee. essie. yaa hotya, jyaa mukhya pranalitil transformer aanee inverterdware chalavalya jaat hotya. 28 vhee. dii. see. pranalila ekach 24 vhee. batterycha aadhar denyat aala hota.
adhik karyakshamta aanee uchch vishvasarhatesathi, bii. 2 vareel mukhya pranali chaar 40 keey. vhee. aii. engine-chalit sthir-gatee ulternatorsdware puravilelya 400 heartzwar teen-tappyanchya 200 vhee. essie. madhye badalanyat aalee. enginechi suruvat tevha jaminivar asalelya pallost kampresarmadhun puravilelya air-startersdware kelee jaat asey. mukhya vatanukoolan bighad jhalyas, 17 keey. vhee. aii. chaa ulternator mohima ramm air turbinedware aanee 40 keey. vhee. aii. chaa ulternator mohima rover gass turbinedware, havetoon chalanara sahayak urja prakalp, joou ekada vimanachya unchichya khalee gelyanantar suru keela jaau shakato, asha ramm air turbinedware sajj puravatha keela jaat asey. duyyam vidyut puravatha 28 vhee. dii. see. sathee transformer-sudharak ekkandware aanee 115 vhee. 1600 heartz ekal-tappyatil purvathyasathi rotarii frequency converterdware hota.
essie pranalimadhye jhalela badal hii eka lakshaniy sudharana hotee. pratyek pii. eff. see. yuu. madhye eka hydraulic pump hota joou vidyut motordware chalavala jaat asey, aadhunik paribhashet, haah eka vidyut-hydraulic actuator aahe. hatane ulat karane astitvat naslyamule, sampoorn vidyut apayshamule niyantran gamvave lagel. bii. 1 vareel rakheev battery 20 minitanchya uddan velesathi pureshi shakti denyasathi tayar kelya gelya hotya, parantu heey aashavadi asalyache siddha jhaale aanee parinami xa891 aanee xa908 hii done vimane kosalali.
mukhya hydraulic pranaline under carriage vadhavanyasathi aanee qamee karnyasathi aanee bogi trimsathi dabav pradan keela; noseville centering aanee steering; vheel break (maxerates basavalele); bombche darvaje ughadane aanee bund karane; aanee (fakt buub 2) aap air scoop qamee karane. teen hydraulic pampanni hydraulic daab deela hota. 1, 2 aanee 3 injine. bombche darvaje chalvanyasathi aanee break sanchayak recharges karnyasathi vidyut chalit hydraulic power pack (ehap) chaa vapar keela jaau shakato. aapatkalin antarvahak qamee karnyasathi sankuchit havah (nantar nitrogen) pranali pradan karnyat aalee.
engine.
rolls-royce olympus, jyala moolatah 'bristol be.10 olympus' mhanoon olakhale jaate, heey done-spool, aksheey-pravah turbojet aahe jeey valkanla shakti dete. pratyek valkanmadhye chaar injine pankhanmadhye dadaleli hotee, jee fuselagechya jawal jodyanmadhye thewali hotee. enginechi rachana 1947 madhye suru jhaali, jyacha uddesh bristall viman companychya swatachya vulcanshey pratispardhi asalelya rachanela shakti dene haah hota.
olympus upalabdh honyapurvi vulcan vhee. ex. 770 haah namuna uddanasathi tayar asalyane, too pratham rolls-royce evon aar. aii. 3 injine vaparoon udala. hyanchi jaaga twarit armstrong sideli nilmani assa.6 injine ghetali. vhee. ex. 770 nantar rolls-royce convesathi eka udanari chachani jaaga bunley. dusra namuna vhee. ex. 777 pratham olympic 100s thrusts udala. tyanantar olympic 101 engines tyache punarbandhani karnyat aale. 1957 madhye jevha vhee. ex. 777 neey fages fages (bii. 2) pankhansah uddan kele, tevha tyat olympus 102 injine bharali gelee hotee.
suruvatichya bii. 1 madhye olympic 101 susajj hote. nantar vimananna olympic 102 denyat aale. serve olympic 102 heey olympus 104 banale, jeey ferparikshanantar aanee shevati varchya manankanavar bharr denyat aala. pahilya bii. 2 neey squadran pidhichya olympus 200 saha uddan kele, jyachi rachana 1952 madhye suru jhaali. tyanantarchya bii. 2 madhye ektar sudharit olympus 201 kinwa olympus 301 neey engine kele gele. olympus 201 laa jalad havah starter basavalyanantar 202 mhanoon niyukt kele gele. radd jhalelya tii. ess. aar.-2 hallah/tohee vimanasathi aanee supersonic pravasi vahtook concardsathi engine nantar punha garam (nantar jalanare) veej prakalp mhanoon vikasit kele jaeel.
sumare 90 takke shakti, valkanmadhil injine havechya sevanachya vyavasthemule eka vishisht 'aardaorda' sarkhya aavajas utsarjit kartil, joou sarvajanik airshomadhye eka aakarshan banala.
karyapaddhaticha itihas.
parichay.
september 1956 madhye, rafla tyacha pahila valkan bii. 1, xa897 midala, jyane lagechach jaagtik ferrila suruvat kelee. haah daura vimanachya shreniche aanee kshamateche eka mahattvache pratyakshik asanar hota, parantu vividh deshanmadhye sadbhavna bhetee aayojit karnyachya swarupat tyache itar fayade dekhil hote; tyanchya sevedarmyan, samarthan aanee lashkari sanrakshanache pradarshan mhanoon vulcan lock niyamitpane vividh deshanna aanee rashtrakulachya durchya bhaganna bhet dett asat. tathapi, yaa pahilya pahilya durdaivacha dhakka basala; 1 aktoobar 1956 roji, jaagtik daura purn jhalyavar londonchya heathro vimantalavar kharab havamanat utartana, xa897 eka pranghatak apghatat nasht jhaala.
pahili done vimane janewari 1957 madhye 230 oo. see. yuu. laa denyat aalee aanee aanee prashikshan 21 februwari 1957 roji suru jhaale. patrata midavanara pahila oo. see. yuu. abhyaskram kramank eka hota. 1 course, 21 meey 1957 roji, aanee tyanni pudhe jaaun pahilya kramankache uddan kele. 83 squadran. nahee. 83 squadran heey bombfekicha vapar karnare pahile karyarat squadran hote, suruvatila okyukadoon udhar ghetalelya vulcanscha vapar keela aanee 11 julai 1956 roji tyanna swatache pahile viman midale. september 1957 paryant, anek vulcan nam. 83 squadran. squadran okyu coursene 83 squadronche uddan dekhil tayar kele, parantu tyanantarchya prashikshit prashikshit vapar 101 squadran, squadran bombers squadronchi nirmiti karnyasathi dekhil karnyat aala. 25 vimananchya pahilya tukaditil shevatche viman viman akheris 101 tukadyanna denyat aale hote.
valkan operationsasathi mohimechi vyapti aanee uddan vel vadhavanyasathi, 1959 pasoon vimanatil indhan bharnyachi kshamata jodali gelee; valkanmadhye indhan bharnyasathi anek shoor bombersche tanker mhanoon nutanikaran karnyat aale. tathapi, satat havai gast asamarthaneey tharali aanee 1960 chya dashakat vulcan tafyatil indhan bharnyachi yantrana nirupayogi tharali. valkan aanee itar vhee-force viman donhi niyamitpane sudur poorves bhet dett asat, visheshtah singapur, jithe 1959 madhye purnapane susajj aanvik-shastre sathavanyachi suvidha bandhanyat aalee hotee. hii tainati seato operationsmadhye yookechya yogdanacha bhag hotee, anekada sanyukt saravat mitra rashtranchya sanrakshanachi chachani ghenyasathi. indoneshiya-maleshiya sangharshadarmyan, brittonne yaa pradeshat vhee-bomber vimananchya teen tukadya aanee 48 laal dadhichi samarik anvastre tainat karanyachi yojana aakhali hotee, matra shevati yachya virodhat nirnay ghenyat aala. paramparik aanee aanvik asha donhi mohimansathi valakan yaa pradeshat prashikshit aahet. 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila, rafney sayprasmadhil raaf akrotiri yethe sthit, purvekadil havai dalachya bombfekichya shakhet valkanchya done tukadya paradeshat kayamswarupi tainat karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tathapi, 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat cypriot aantarsampradayik hinsachar tivra jhalyamule vulcan mage ghenyat aale.
valkanane kahee atishay lamb pallyachya mohima udavalya. juuna 1961 madhye, eka vyaktine teen havetil indhan bharnyachya suvidhesah, keval 20 tasanmadhye raaf scamptonpasoon sidniparyant 18,507 qii. mea. uddan kele. 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat vulcan lock varanvar havai pradarshananmadhye aanee sthir pradarshananmadhye sahbhagi honyasathi, tasech barksdale aii. eff. bii., louisiana aanee majee macoy aii. eff. bii., florida yasarkhya thikani dhoranatmak havai kamandachya (sack) varshik bombsfot aanee navigation spardhet sahbhagi honyasathi americela bhet dett asat. vulcansony 1960,1961 aanee 1962 madhye operation skyshield saravat dekhil bhag ghetala, jyamadhye sambhavya soviet havai hallyaviruddha norad sanrakshn chachani ghenyat aalee, vulcans newyork, shikago aanee washington, dii. see. viruddha soviet ladhau/bombfecki hallyanche anukaran karat hote. chachanyanchya parinamanche 1997 paryant vargikaran karnyat aale. 1974 chya 'vishal aavaj' vyayamadarmyan valkan barech yashasvi tharale, jyamadhye teey yu. ess. aii. eff. interceptor talhanyat yashasvi tharale.
anoo pratirodhak.
brittonchya swatantra anoo pratibandhakcha eka bhag mhanoon, valkanane suruvatila brittonche pahile anushastra, 'blue danube' gurutvakarshan bomb vahoon nele. "blue danube' haah qamee-kilotan utpadan denara vikhandan bomb hota, jyachi rachana americene pahila hydrogen bomb fodanyapurvi kelee hotee. hyanna yuu neey purak kele hote.ess.-tyanchyakade 'emm. keey. 5' bomb (eae. prakalpantargat upalabdh karoon dilele) aanee nantar british 'laal dadhi' samarik anvastra hote. brittonne aadhich swatacha hydrogen bomb karyakram suru keela hota aanee teey tayar hoiparyant hii daree bharoon kadhanyasathi vhee-bombersla 'nile danube' aavarnavar aadharit, 'hirave gavat' asalele, utpadanache eka mothe shuddha-vikhandan shastra asalelya, antarim megaton shastrane susajj kele hote. yaa bombla 'violet club' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey. pivala surya emm. keey. 1' mhanoon vikasit shastramadhye 'hirave gavat' heey shastra samavisht karnyapurvi keval paach tainat karnyat aale hote."
nantarchya 'pivalya suryachya emm. keey. 2' madhye 'laal burf' basavanyat aala, joou yuu. chaa british nirmit prakar hota.ess. doubleu 28 warhead. "yalo sunn emm. keey. 2' heey tainat kelele pahile british thermonuclear shastra hote aanee vulcan aanee handley pages victor yaa donhivar teey vahoon nele gele. shoorane tumhala kayam thewale.ess. duheri-pramukh vyavastheantargat sanrakshakala niyukt keleli anvastre. "valkan aanee victor bomberschya vaparasathi singapurmadhye 'laal dadhi' thewali gelee hotee. 1962 pasoon, valkan bii. 2 chey teen squadron aanee victor bii. 2 chey done squadron heey 'blue steel' kshepanastra, eka rockett-sanchalit stand-auph bomb, jeey 'laal burf' warheads dekhil susajj hote, teey susajj hote.
1958 pasoon serve pramukh soviet lakshyanche sanrakshn sunishchit karnyasathi, rafael bombers kamand aanee sackney ekach ekatmik operational yojnet sahkarya kele; 1959 chya akheris rafelchya vhee-bomberspacky 108 laa yojneantargat lakshya denyat aale. 1962 pasoon, pratyek rafael bombers talatil done vimane anvastre aanee twarit pratikriya alert (kyu. aar. aii.) chya tattvanusar kayamswarupi sajj hotee. yu. ess. ess. aar. anoo hallah suru honyacha ishara aanee too brittenmadhye pohochanyachya darmyancha vel mhanoon olakhala jaat asalyane, ishara midalyanantar chaar minitanchya aat kravareel vulcan viman havet udanar hote. aktoobar 1962 madhye cuban kshepanastra sankatachya kalat vulcan sambhavya anoo sangharshat bhag ghenyasathi sarvat jawal aala, jithe bombfekichi kamand alert aut 3 varr halavanyat aalee, jee samanya operationspasoon sajjatechi vadhaleli sthitee hotee; tathapi, novemberchya suruvatila tee khalee aalee.
valkan bii. 2s pankhankhali done skybolt vahoon gheuun nilya poladachya jaagi skybolt kshepanastrane susajj karnyacha vhalakanacha hetu hota. shevatchya 28 bii. 2s madhye utpadan margavar skybolt vahoon nenyasathi pylone basavanyasathi sudharana karnyat aalya. 1960 madhye sahaa skyboltsparyant vahoon nenyasathi vadhalelya pankhansah bii. 3 prakar prastavit karnyat aala. jevha yuu. neey skybolt kshepanastra pranali radd kelee.ess. adhyaksh johnn eff. 1962 madhye tyanche sanrakshn sachiv robbert mcenmara yanchya shifarshinusar, skybolt sankatala chalana dett, 'blue steel' kayam thevanyat aale. shahee naudalane polaris ess. ell. bii. emm.-susajj panbudyansah pratibandhak bhoomika swikareparyant tyala purak honyasathi, vulcan bombersony spasht sankramanadarmyan unch udane, shatruncha bachav talhanyasathi khalee padane aanee parachute-retard bomb, we.177b tainat karane, yaa naveen mission profilecha avalamb keela. tathapi, vimanachi rachana unchichya uddanasathi karnyat aalee asalyane, qamee unchivar teey 350 notspeksha jaast asoo shakat nahee. majee vulcan pilot, raff air vice marshal ronn dick mhanale, "tyamule, tyachyaviruddhachya yuddhat teey khalchya staravar prabhavipane uddan karoo shakale asate qaa, heey prashnachinh aahe... soviet union."
1970 madhye british polaris panbudya karyanvit jhalyanantar aanee nilya poladala sevetoon kadhoon taklyanantar, europechya sthayi nato sainyat britishanchya yogdanacha bhag mhanoon, jaree shantikalat 15 minitanchya sajjtesah tyanchyakade viman navhate, tarihi valkanane samarik anuaakraman bhoomikemadhye we.177b vahoon nene suru thewale. jawalpasachya purv havai dalacha bhag mhanoon sayprasmadhye done squadran dekhil tainat karnyat aale hote aanee tyanna dhoranatmak hallyachya bhoomiket kendriya karar sanghatanela niyukt karnyat aale hote. we.177b aanee vulcan bomberschya akheris jhalelya nidhananantar, blackburn buchanier, sepket jagwar aanee panevia chakrivadal 1998 madhye tyachya nivruttiparyant we.177c sobat chaloo rahile. jaree samaan-samaan pratisthapan nasale taree, bahu-bhoomika chakrivadal interdictor/strike bomber haah purvi valkanane bharalelya bhoomikancha uttaradhikari aahe.
paramparik bhoomika.
jaree karyarat vaparat, vulcan samanyatah vividh aanvik shastre vahoon nett asale, taree yaa prakarachi duyyam paramparik bhoomika dekhil hotee. paramparik ladhau mohima kartana, vulcan tyachya bomb bechya aat 21 bomb vahoon neuu shakat hote. 1960 chya dashakapasun, vividh vulcan squadran niyamitpane paramparik prashikshan mohima chalvat hote; havai dalatil karmchari mahattvapoorn anoo hallah mohimevyatirikt paramparik bombfake mohima karnyas saksham asanyachi apeksha hotee.
valkanchi ekmev ladhau mohima 1982 madhye yaa prakarchya sevechya shevati jhaali. focklands yuddhadarmyan, fockland bete tabyat ghetalelya argentinachya sainyachya virodhat valkan tainat karnyat aale hote. valkandware kelelya mohima 'black buck' chhape mhanoon olakhalya jaau lagalya, pratyek vimanala focklandsveril stanliparyant pohochanyasathi aarohan betavarun uddan karave lagale. vijetya tankerni valkansathi aavashyak havetoon havet indhan bharane aayojit kele, jenekarun pratyek mohimet andaje indhan vaparale gele.
mohima mohima paach vulcans tayar karnyache abhiyantriki karya 9 april roji suru jhaale. pratyek vimanala bomb bemadhye badal karane, dirghkal vaparat nasalelya inn-flight indhan pranalichi punarsthapana karane, wickers vhee. see. 10 pasoon prapt jhalelya naveen navigational pranalichi sthapana aanee anek onboard electronicsche adyayavat karane aavashyak hote. pankhanchya khalee, pankhanchya katheen thikani eae. see. emm. podd aanee shrike antiradar kshepanastre vahoon nenyasathi naveen stambh basavale gele.
1 meey roji, pahili moheem ekach valkan (xm607) dware aayojit kelee gelee hotee, jyane poort stanliveroon uddan kele aanee tyache bomb havaitalavar takale, ekach dhavpattivar laksh kendrit kele, eka thet fatka basala, jyamule teey ladhau vimanasathi ayogya tharale. valkanchya mohimenantar lagechach royal navie vimanvahu jahajanchya british aerospace see harriersney udavalelya havai-virodhi aasthapananvar halle kele. aanakhi done mohimanmadhye radarchya pratishthapananviruddh kshepanastre sodanyat aalee aanee done atirikt mohima radd karnyat aalya. tyaveli, yaa mohimanni jagatil sarvat lamb antarachya chhapyancha vikram keela hota. vulcanschya eae. see. emm. pranali argentinachya radarla jaam karnyat prabhavi tharalya; vulcans theatermadhe asatana, aajubajuchya itar british vimananna prabhavi golibarat yenyachi shakyata qamee hotee.
3 juuna 1982 roji, vulcan bii. 2 x emm. 597 kra. fockland betanvaril stanley havaitalavar argentinachya radar sthalanviruddhachya 'black buck 6' mohimemadhye 50 tukadyanni bhag ghetala. aarohan betavar paratanyachya pravasasathi indhan bharnyacha prayatna kartana, tapas modala gela, jyamule valkanmadhye purese indhan urale, jyamule tatasth brazilmadhil gallio havai dalachya talavar, reo dii janeirokade valane bhag padale. vatet, eka prakshepit karnyat ayashasvi jhaali taree urvarit done aii. jee. emm.-45 shrike kshepanastransaha gupt kagadpatre fekanyat aalee. meey day colonantar, brazilchya havai dalachya northrop eff-5 ladhau vimananchya sanrakshanakhali asalelya valkanla reo yethe aapatkalin landingchi parvanagi denyat aalee, jyat jahajavar farach qamee indhan shillak hote. nauu divasannantar shatrutva sampeparyant valkan aanee tichya vimanatil tabyat thevanyat aale.
tolikaran.
november 1973 madhye, vijetya ess. aar. 2 chya niyojit bund honyacha parinam mhanoon, sajj kra. 543 squadran, kra. sagari radar hergirichya bhoomiketil badal mhanoon vulcans susajj asalelya 27 squadronmadhye raff scampton yethe sudharana karnyat aalee. squadranne british betanchya sabhovatalachya samudranmadhye gast ghatali, jyat eyesland aanee united kingdam yanchyatil dhoranatmakdrushtya mahattvache gick antar, uchch staravar uddan karane aanee jahaj vahatukivar laksh thevanyasathi valkanchya valkanchya radarcha vapar karane samavisht aahe. shantatechya kalat, tyanantar qamee staravar swarasya asalelya lakshyanchi drushya olakh aanee chhayachitran kele jaau shakate. yuddh jhalyas, vulcan sambhavya lakshyanchi drushya olakh bookeniyars kinwa canberanvar sodate aanee pratikool shipingviruddha bookeniyarschya hallyanmadhye samanvay sadhu shakate. suruvatila jaree anek bii. 2 vimananni susajj asale, taree squadranne akheris nauu bii. 2 (emm. aar. aar.) viman chalavale (jyanna ess. aar. 2 yaa anadhikrut navane dekhil olakhale jaate). tii. eff. aar. (aanee tyacha thimbal radiom) kadhoon aanee loran see redio navigation sahayya jodoon vimanat bhoomika badalanyat aalee. mukhya bahya drushya farak mhanje samudrachya favaranipasun sanrakshn karnyasathi, halakya rakhadi prushthbhagasaha chamakdar rung samaptichi upasthiti hotee.
squadronla havechya namunyachi duyyam bhoomika dekhil kra. 543 squadran. yamadhye vayuvahinitil dushitatechya guthalyatoon uddan karane aanee eldermaston yetheel anushastra sanshodhan aasthapanemadhye nantarchya vishleshanasathi jaminivaril aanee bhoomigat donhi anoo chachanyanmadhun sodanyat aalele parinam gola karnyasathi jahajavaril upkaranancha vapar karane samavisht hote. paach vimananmadhye anavashyak skybolt hardpointswar basavalele lahan pylan hote, jyancha vapar drop tankinmadhun sudharit namune ghenyasathi keela jaau shakato. heey shengdane filterver aavashyak namune gola kartil, tarr mukhya stambhanchya aat, bandar pankhanvar eka atirikt lahan "sthanik" shengdane basavale jaeel.
march 1982 madhye scampton yethe squadran visarjit jhaale, aanee radarchya hergirichi kartavye raffchya nimrodvar sopavali.
havai indhan bharnyachi bhoomika.
1982 madhye focklands yuddh sampalyanantar, vulcan bii. 2 laa tyaa varshi raff sevetoon mage ghenyat yenar hote. focklands mohimene matra, rafchya vijetya tankerchya airframechya thakvyachya aayushyacha barachsa bhag gamavala hota. tarr wickers vhee. see. 10 tanker rupantaran 1979 madhye aadesh denyat aale hote aanee sangharshanantar lockheed triaster tankerchi magani kelee jaeel, eka thamba upay mhanoon sahaa valakanache eka-bindu tankermadhye rupantar karnyat aale. vimanachya shepatitil eae. see. emm. bemadhun jammer kadhoon aanee tyanchya jaagi ekach nalee drum unit ghaloon vulcan tankerche rupantaran purn karnyat aale. eka atirikt dandgolakar bomb-beey taakee basavanyat aalee, jyamule sumare 100 kotee rupayanchi indhan kshamata midali.
sahaa vimananche rupantar karnyasathi 4 meey 1982 roji manjuri denyat aalee. magani midalyanantar fakt 50 divasanni, pahila vulcan tanker, "xh561", raff waddingtonla denyat aala. valkan keey. keey kra. neey chalavale gele. march 1984 madhye visarjit hoiparyant brittonchya havai sanrakshn upkramanchya samarthanarth teen vulcan bii. 2 saha 50 squadran.
valkan display uddan.
kra. sam. radd kelyanantar. 50 squadran, done vulcan, waddington yethe sthit vulcan display uddancha bhag mhanoon havai pradarshanat raffs uddan karat rahile, parantu nahee. 55 squadran, ruff marham yethe sthit aahe. suruvatila xl 426 vaparoon pradarshit kele gele, 1986 madhye teey viman vikale gele, jyachya jaagi eff neey badalale gele, jeey 1985 madhye pradarshit honyas suruvat jhaali. sanrakshn mantralayane andajpatrakatil kapatichya prakashat chalvane khoop mahag aahe asey tharvalyanantar, 1992 paryant vhee. dii. eff. eff neey chaloo rahili. donhi vimananni nantar sanrakshanat pravesh keela aanee bachavale, jaree pahile varsh rakheev thevalele tisare, xh560, nantar radd karnyat aale.
prakar.
utpadan.
woodford vimantalavar ekoon 134 utpadan vulcans, bii. 1 designsathi 45 aanee bii. 2 modelsasathi 89 tayar karnyat aale, shevatche janewari 1965 madhye raffla vitarit karnyat aale.
operator.
vhee-bomber dispersal havai kshetre.
yuddhat sankraman jhalyas, vhee bombfekichya tukadyanni united kingdamchya aaspaschya 26 purv-tayar vikhuralelya havai kshetranpaiki pratyekasathi alpavadhichya soochanevar chaar vimane tainat karayachi hotee. 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila raffaney 20 beagle basset dalanvalan vimananna vimanatil vimanatil vikhuranyasathi vimankshetrat halavanyachi magani kelee; prathamik anoo pratirodhak shahee naudalachya polaris kshepanastrakade valale tevha yaa vimananche mahatva qamee hott gele.
jiwant viman.
united kingdam aanee uttar america (america aanee canada) yaa donhi deshantil sangrahalayanmadhye thevalele anek vulcan jiwant aahet. eka valkan, xh558 (g-vlcn) "gret brittoncha aatma", 1993 paryant valkan display uddancha bhag mhanoon rafdware pradarshan viman mhanoon vaparla jaat hota. ground kelyanantar, nantar vhalakandware skye trustmadhye uddan karnyasathi punarsanchayit kele gele aanee 2008 teey 2015 paryant nagri viman mhanoon pradarshit kele gele, abhiyantriki karananmule karananmule nivrutt honyapurvi. nivruttinantar, xh558 laa karpatra viman mhanoon doncaster shafield vimantalavaril tyachya talavar kayam thewale jaanar aahe, hii bhoomika aadhich vachalelya done lokanni kelee aahe, dakshin vimantalavar sthit xl426 (jee-vijet) aanee wellsburn mount airfield yethe sthit xm655 (jee-vulk). carlisal lake jilha vimantalavaril solave vimanchalan sangrahalayat eka xj823 (evro valkan valkan dekhil pahile jaau shakate.

