dvi-samasthanik samagri

bhautikshastra, abhiyantriki aanee sahitya vidnyanat, dvi-samasthanikiy samgrimadhye vishesh optical gunadharm asato qee teey apavartan kinwa prasaranamadhye prakashache dhruvikaran firavu shakatat. yacha arth assa nahee qee twist effect asalele serve sahitya dvi-isotropic vargat yete. dvi-samasthanik padarthanchya vargacha valane prabhav madhyamanchya sanrachanechya kyrality aanee gair-parasparsambandhamule hoto, jyamadhye vidyutchumbakiy lahariche (kinwa fakt, prakash) vidyut aanee chumbakeey kshetra asamanya paddhatine parasparkriya karate.
vyakhya.
bahutek samagrisathi, vidyut kshetra 'eae' aanee vidyut visthapan kshetra 'dii' (tasech chumbakeey kshetra 'bii' aanee prerak chumbakeey kshetra 'etch') ekmekanna samantar aahet. yaa sadhya madhyamanna samasthanik mhanatat aanee sthirankancha vapar karoon kshetranmadhil sambandh vyakt kele jaau shakatat. sphatik aanee anek metametarialsarkhya adhik jatil samagrisathi, hii kshetre samantar asane aavashyak nahee. jevha kshetrancha eka sanch samantar asato aanee eka sanch nasato, tevha tyaa samagreela anisotropic mhanatat. sfatikanmadhye samanyatah 'dii' kshetre asatat jee 'eae' kshetranshi sanrekhit nasatat, tarr 'bii' aanee 'etch' kshetre sthirankanshi sambandhit asatat. jyaa padarthanmadhye donhipaiki eka jodee samantar nasate tyanna anisotropic mhanatat.
dvi-samasthanik madhyamanmadhye vidyut aanee chumbakeey kshetre jodaleli asatat. ghatanatmak sambandh aahet 
"d", "e", "b", "h", "ε" aanee "" μ "" heey nehamichya vidyutchumbakiy gunanshi sambandhit aahet ". "φ" aanee "φ" heey jodani sthirank aahet, jeey pratyek madhyamache aantarik sthirank aahet.
heey asha prakaranat samanyikrut kele jaau shakate jethe "ε", "μ", "φ" aanee "ζ" heey tensor aahet (i.eae. teey samgrichya aatalya dishene avalambun asatat), asha paristhitit madhyamanna "dvi-anasotropic" mhanoon sambodhale jaate.
jodani sthir.
"φ" aanee "φ" heey pudhe telgen (parasparata mhanoon sandarbhit) "χ" aanee kyrality "κ" parametershi sambandhit asoo shakatat.
vareel samikarananna ghatanatmak sambandhanmadhye badallyanantar,
udaharane.
"ralamadhye eka hatachya dhatuchya helics misaloon "pestur media" tayar keela jaau shakato. isotropy surakshit karnyasathi kalji ghene aavashyak aaheh helices yadruchchikpane abhimukhi asane aavashyak aahe jenekarun konatihi vishesh disha nasel.
vidyutchumbakiy kshetrachya samparkat aalyane chumbakavidyut prabhav helixvaroon samajala jaau shakato. helics bhoomitila prerak manale jaau shakate. asha sanrachanesathi eae. emm. laharicha chumbakeey ghatak taravar vidyut pravah nirman karato aanee tyach eae. emm. laharichya vidyut ghatkavar aanakhi prabhav takto. 
sanrachanatmak sambandhanmadhun, pasteur madhyamansathi, "χ" = 0,
tyamule, 'etch' kshetrachya pratisadamule 'dii' kshetrala 'aay' tappyane vilamb hoto.
"telgen madhyam" heey vidyutchumbakiy asalelya pasteur madhyamachya ulat aaheh vidyut ghatakamule chumbakeey ghatak badalel. asey madhyam haat lavnyachya sankalpaneitake saral nahee. chumbakane bandhalele vidyut dvidhruv yaa prakarchya madhyamanshi sambandhit aahet. jevha dvidhruv swatahla eae. emm. laharichya vidyut kshetra ghatkashi sanrekhit karatat, tevha chumbak dekhil pratisad deteel, kaaran teey ekatra bandhalele asatat. chumbakanchya dishene honara badal tyamule emm vevhacha chumbakeey ghatak badalel, ityadi. 
ghatanatmak sambandhanmadhun, telgen madhyamansathi, "κ" = 0, 
yacha arth assa aahe qee 'buub' kshetra 'etch' kshetrasah tappyat pratisad dete.

