
cycento

cecento (,) haah 17vya shatkatil italian itihas aanee sanskruti aahe. cecentone italitil punarujjivan chalvalicha ant aanee prati-sudharana aanee barok yugachi suruvat pahili. yaa shabdacha arth 'sahashe' ('seii' = sahaa, 'sento' = shambhar) aanee 1600 sathee lahan aahe.
vyakhya.
italitil cicento haah shabd fakt 17vya shatakacha sandarbh deto, parantu paradeshat, haah shabd yaa kalatil italian sanskrutik aanee samajik itihasacha sandarbh deto, jyache vaishishtya anek yuddhe aanee sangharsh, aakramane aanee qalaa aanee vastukalecha aashray aahe. haah too kaal hota jyamadhye barok yug astitvat aala (barok hii moolatah eka italian chalval hotee, jee rommadhil popanni catholic sudharanancha eka bhag mhanoon nirman kelee hotee). yaa kalat italian vidnyan, tatvadnyan aanee tantradnyanatahi pragati jhaali.
itihas.
anek rajkiy aanee samajik badal aanee mothya pramanat nagri aanee lashkari ashantatecha kaal asalela 17vaa shatak haah italian itihasatil eka ashant kaal hota. yaat dweepkalpatil spanish vasahati aanee malmattanchya sankhyet vaadh aanee protestant sudharananche pratirup asalelya pratisudharana darmyan pope aanee roman catholic charchchya sattemadhye vaadh yancha samavesh hota. anek sangeet vadyancha shodh, shailigat shaili, khagolshastriy shodh aanee barokchi nirmiti yasarkhya anek kalatmak aanee vaidnyanik yogdanannantarhi, 16 vya shatkatil europecha sanskrutik neta asalelya italine samajik ghasaranicha anubhav ghetala, jee haloohaloo 17 vya shatkachya suruvatila suru jhaali aanee shatkachya akheris kosalali. heey satatche sangharsh, bund (jase qee masaniyeloche nepali 1647 curr-sambandhit bund), aakramane aanee french, ingraji aanee spanish sanskratichya vadhatya lokpriyatemule jhaale. asey asoonahi, itali yaa kalat vaidnyanik krantimadhye aaghadivar hota aanee tyane anek pramukh vaidnyanik sansthanchi sthapana kelee-paduan ekedemiya dei recovrati (1599 madhye sthapan jhaleli), roman ekedemiya dei linsey (1603), florentin ekedemiya dell cemento (1657). natya (shokantika aanee vinodi donhi), sangeet (dharmik aanee dharmnirpeksh donhi), qalaa itihas, vaktrutva aanee rajkiy tattvadnyan yasarkhya kshetranmadhye, yaa kalatil italian lokanni pramukh bhoomika sakarlya-kavee giambattista marino aanee alessandro tassoni, sangitkar claudio montevardy aanee francesco kavalli, qalaa itihaskar geovanni pitro belori, sahityik siddhantkar emuel tesauro aanee rajkiy siddhantkar aanee rajkarani geovanni botero, fakt kahee nave. suruvatichya aadhunik italitil sanshodhan suru asatana, junya dnyanoday itihaslekhanat, jeey andhar yugat ghasaran aanee italian punarujjivan aanee 18 vya shatkatil sudharkanchya kalkhandatil visangatisathi yuktivad karate, teey virghalate.
yaa kalat ghadalelya ghatananmadhye shastradnya galileo galileechee 1633 chee pope chachani, 1647 madheel nepalsmadhil bund, 1669 madheel etna udrek, 1674 madheel mesinamadhil bund aanee 1693 madheel cicilly bhookamp yancha samavesh aahe.
vegvegale nikash.
qalaa.
17vya shatkatil italian qalaa hii pramukhyane barok hotee. 17 vya shatkatil italian barok qalaa shaili aanee vishayat spainmadhil tyach kalatil samaan hotee-samruddha, gadad rung aanee anekada hautatmyashi sambandhit dharmik vishay aanee anek sthir jivanachi upasthiti dekhil darshavate. lombard chitrakar karwagio haah yaa kalatil sarvat pramukh chitrakaranpaiki eka aahe, joou tyachya pavitra ('emmaus yethe ratriche jevan'), pauranik ('medusa'), sthir-jeevan ('falanchi topali') shaili aanee sthanik lokanche ('falanchi topali dharan karnara mulga') samanya chitran yasathi olakhala jaato. tyanchi chitre pramukhyane telmay hotee aanee tyat ubdar, tivra rung vaparale gele hote aanee sahasa natyamay sankalpana hotya. barok kalechya purvajanpaiki eka aanee sarvat junya aadhunik chitrakaranpaiki eka asalelya tyachya shailinni tyachyanantarchya itar italian aanee paradeshi kalakaranvar prabhav padala, jyat gian lorenzo bernini yancha samavesh hota. gian lorenzo bernini heey 17vya shatkachya madhyapasoon teey uttaradhaparyantche eka pramukh barok kalakar aanee shilpkar hote, jeey 'sant theresachya parmanand' sarkhya tyanchya putalyansathi olakhale jaatat.
vastukala.
17vya shatkatil italian vastukalesathi, visheshtah baroksathichya bandhkam shaili deshbharat khoop vegalya hotya.
turin tyachya french shailichya barok vastukalesathi prasiddha hote. 17vya shatkachya uttaradhat (1680chya dashakapasun) shaharat yachee suruvat jhaali. purvi, imarati ajunahi gadad aanee kathor vitanchya punarujjivan shailit bandhalya jaat hotya, tarihi 17 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, hii shaili adhik vilakshan shailimadhye vikasit jhaali, jee parris aanee versailmadhye vaparali jaat hotee, jyat sone/tambe sonyache chhappar, italian/french udyane, french khidakya aanee alankrut sajavat yancha samavesh aahe. genoa ajunahi rangavaleli ghare bandhat rahila, tarihi, rangavalelya rachana adhik alankrut hotya aanee lokpriy barok rachananchya samparkat hotya. sthapatyashailitil namune aanee kalanmadhye milan heey turinsarkhech hote, tarihi french designscha tyanchyavar qamee prabhav hota aanee spanish designscha (milanvar spainche rajya hote heey lakshat gheta) tyacha adhik prabhav hota. 1650chya dashakapasun venisne adhik alankrut barok imarati bandhanyas suruvat kelee.
rome aanee dakshin italimadhye heey thode vegale hote. rommadhil imarati 17vya shatkachya suruvatipasun barok shailit bandhalya gelya hotya aanee seent pieter basilica aanee palazzo bernini hii yachee udaharane asoo shakatat. roman catholic dharmala eka aakarshak sampraday banavane haah catholic sudharanancha uddesh hota aanee popanni heey keval charchchi sanghatana aanee samajat sudharana karoonach navhe tarr alankrut basilica, karanje, piazza (italian chauras), rajwade aanee smarke bandhun kele. tyaa kalatil romchya vastukaleche vaishishtya mhanje bhavya rajwade, samruddha antargat bhag, bhittichitre aanee mohak cartouches. hii shaili thodya velane, 1650 chya dashakachya dishene dakshineparyant pohochali aanee visheshtah naples aanee sisilimadhye, spanish vastukaleshi asalelya samyasathi olakhali jaat hotee, jee nepalsmadhil sann martinochya sertosa sarkhya imaratinmadhye disate.
shikshan.
17vya shatkatil italian shikshan vyavasthet anek pragati jhalya. eka udaharan mhanje elena cornaro piscopiacha padua vidyapithat pravesh. eka ganitshastradnya, vidwan aanee shaikshanik, piscopia hii 1678 madhye doctorate (ph. dii. kinwa doctor auph philosophy) midavanari jagatil pahili mahila hotee. yaa shatkat anek vidyapithe, mahavidhyalaye aanee sanstha sthapan karnyat aalya, jase qee 1620 madhye kagliari vidyapith.
fashion.
17vya shatkat, italiche europecha fashion trendsetter mhanoon mahatva qamee jhaale, jeey 15vya aanee 16vya shatkat hote. 1620 aanee 30 chya dashkaparyant heey sthan dharan karoonahi, 1640 chya dashkaparyant, jevha lui chaudavyane francemadhye satta midavali aanee spainmadhil poshakhanchi lokpriyata vadhali, tevha french aanee spanish darbaratil chav italiyanpeksha adhik lokpriy jhaali aanee 1950 chya dashakat itali tyachya mool prabhavshali sthanavar parat yeil.
17vya shatkachya suruvatila, purush aanee mahilansathiche fashion tulanene 1580 aanee 90 chya dashkasarkhech hote.
mahila ajunahi vistrut ruffs aanee mothe, vistrut kapade ghalat asat (sajavat hii mahilanchya sampattivar aanee samajik vargavar avalambun asate). 1630 chya dashkaparyant, ruff fashionbaher padoo lagale aanee tyanchya jaagi motyanchya harancha vapar karnyat aala. kesanchi rachana byavachada purvipeksha adhik tapshilvar kelee jaat asey, jyat curl aanee phule aanee dagine aat asat. 1650 aanee 60 chya dashakat italian mahilanchya shailit rasayanshastra aanee collar ghalane vadhale. 1670 chya dashkaparyant, 17 vya shatkachya suruvatichya tulanet kapade sope aanee qamee mothe jhaale, tarihi cases purvipeksha barechada adhik tapshilvar kele jaat hote aanee striya "mantua" aanee gauun ghaloo lagalya. 1680 aanee 90 chya dashkaparyant, mahilanni sadharan kinwa sarasari sushobhit kapade, mantua, vistrut cases (anekada eka pagadi), lamb bahulyanche hatmoje aanee anekada pankhebhovati gheuun jaanyache kapade ghalanyacha cull hota.
17vya shatkachya suruvatila, purushanchi fashion dekhil 16vya shatkachya uttaradhat hotee. teey cuff, lahan bahunche payghol aanee lamb cases ghalayache. bahutek purush misha dekhil vadhavat asat aanee boot ghalayache aanee 1630 chya dashkaparyant, pankhanchya topya lokpriy jhalya. 17vya shatkachya uttaradhat, purushanchya fashionne atyant vistrut kapade aanee boot, rakhadi kurale wiggs aanee samruddhapane sushobhit petikote aanee overscurtwer laksh kendrit kele.
vidnyan aanee tantradnyan.
17vya shatkat italimadhye vidnyan aanee tantradnyanat anek yogdan hote, jyat sadhane, bhautikshastra, khagolshastra aanee suryakendrikaran yancha vikas jhaala. galileo galileene shaniwari rings, shukra tappyancha shodh lavala aanee 1604 madhye lashkari karanansathi tayar kelela tyacha 1609 chaa durbini aanee hokayantra yasarkhya anek naveen tantrik shodhanmule too aadhunik vidnyan, khagolshastra aanee tantradnyanachya janakanpaiki eka mhanoon prasiddha jhaala aahe. tyanni suryakendrikaran yaa vadgrast muddyachehi samarthan kele, kaaran grah aanee surya pruthvibhovati firatat tyaa velee heey pahile gele hote, ulatya margane nahee assa yuktivad tyanni keela aahe.
sahitya aanee tatvadnyan.
albert aine. mancini' hii sataravya shatkatil qalaa aanee sangitachi pramukhata hii sarvanchya manyatechi baab asali taree 'cecentismo' hii sahityik sandnya aahe...] 18vya aanee 19vya shatkatil samikshak aanee itihaskaranchi nakaratmak vrutti pratibimbit karnare nindaniy arth rakhoon thewale aahet. benedetto cross aanee nantar geovanni geto, carlo calcatera aanee geovanni pozzy yanchya swarsyamule, yuddhanantarchya yugat italian barok sahityache nasheeb lakshaniyaritya sudharle. vyapak purvgrahanchya ulat, jacob berkhardtchya kamapasoon, paul grandlersarkhya lekhakanni prati-sudharana kalat italichya nirantar chaitanyala dastaivajikaran kele aahe. aaj barok kaal haah aadhunik italichya sahityik aanee sanskrutik itihasatil sarvat manoranjak kalkhandanpaiki eka manla jaato.
cicentone dekhil anek prasiddha tatvik vyaktimatve pahili. giambattista viko haah sarvat prasiddhanpaiki eka hota. teey eka navpali lekhak aanee tatvadnyani hote aanee itihas, tark, tattvadnyan aanee kayada yanchyashi sambandhit tyanchya anek pustakansathi olakhale jaat hote. asha pustakanmadhye 'laa scienza nuwa' chaa samavesh aahe.
sangeet.
1700 madhye pianocha shodh, violinechya naveen prakaranchi nirmiti aanee 16 vya shatkat italimadhye (florence) shodhalelya operamadhye mothe yogdan aanee deshatil barok sangitachi suruvat yasah 17 vya shatkatil italiche sangeet yogdan tyachya sarvat mahan yogdananpaiki eka hote. 17vya shatkat, aupera aanee barok sangeet shaili donhi vikasit jhalya. yaa kalat churchche sangeet lokpriy hote, visheshtah dweepkalpatil sangeet shikshanache mukhya kendra asalelya nepalsmadhil dharmikaritya chalavalya jaananya sangeet akadami aanee sanrakshanalayanni prayojit kele hote. tyaa kalatil aupera sangitkaranmadhye claudio montevardy yancha samavesh aahe. 17 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, cremona-aadharit luthier antonio stradivarine shastriy violine vikasit kele, jyala nantar tyachya navavarun stradivarius mhanatat aanee 1700 madhye, bartolomeo christophoryne florence, tuscanymadhye pianocha shodh lavala.