
herman lotz

rudolph herman lotz (; 21 meey 1817-1 julai 1881) haah eka german tatvadnya aanee tarkshastradnya hota. tyanchyakade vaidyakeey padvihi hotee aanee teey jivashastrat parangat hote. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee jarr bhautik jug yantrik niyam aanee sambandhandware niyantrit kele gele asel tarr vishvatil ghadamodinche jaagtik manache karya mhanoon spashtikaran dile jaau shakate. tyanche vaidyakeey abhyas heey vaidnyanik manasshastratil agraganya karya hote.
charitra.
lotzcha janm germanytil saxony yetheel botzen yethe jhaala, too eka vaidyacha mulga hota. tyanche shikshan zittauchya vyakaran shalet jhaale; tyanna shastriy lekhakambaddal chirantan prem hote, tyanni tyanchya madhya aayushyat sophoclisachya 'antigone' chey lattin padyat bhashantar prakashit kele.
tyanni tatvadnyan aanee naisargik vidnyanacha vidyarthi mhanoon leapzig vidyapithat shikshan ghetale, parantu vayachya satra vya varshi tyanni vaidyakeey shakhecha vidyarthi mhanoon adhikrutpane pravesh ghetala. lotzche suruvatiche abhyas mukhytah done bhinn ruchindware niyantrit kele gele hoteh pahila vaidnyanik hota, joou eae. chya margdarshanakhali ganiteey aanee bhautik abhyasavar aadharit hota. etch. webber, alfried wilheim volkman aanee gustav fetchner. dusare mhanje tyachi saundarya aanee kalatmak ruchi, jee sattebaaj aastik khrishchan herman veisachya dekharekhikhali vikasit jhaali. weiss yanni nantarchya tyanchya manashastravirodhi drushtikonavarhi tatvadnyanachya itihaslekhanavar prabhav padala. too vidnyan aanee johann gottlieb ficte, friedrich wilheim joseph shelling aanee george wilheim friedrich hegel yaa donhi german aadarshavadane aakarshit jhaala hota.
lotz yanche pahile karya mhanje tyancha 'daad futura biologia princibus philosophysis' haah prabandh hota, jyadvare tyanna julai 1838 madhye doctor auph medicinechi padvi midali. 1840 madhye tyanni tyanchya 'daad samis continorum' yaa prabandhadvare tattvadnyanachi padvi prapt kelee. tyanni tyanchya 'tattvamimansa' (leapzig, 1841) aanee 'logic' (1843) yaa tyanchya tattvadnyanachya pranalicha paya ghatala, leapzig vidyapithat kanishth vyakhyate asatana prakashit jhaleli tyanchi laghupat pustake, jithun teey gottingenla gele, johann friedrich herbertchya jaagi tattvadnyanachya adhyakshasthani rahile.
tyanchi suruvatichi done pustake vachakanchya najares aalee naheet. manvi jivanachya sharirik aanee mansik asha donhi ghatanancha abhyas sthapit karnyachya uddeshane kelelya kamanchya malikedware too pratham eka mothya vartulat olakhala gela. tyanni teech samanya tattve lagoo kelee jee ajaivik ghatananchya tapasat sweekarli gelee hotee. yaa nantarchya karyanmadhye manvi jeev tyachya samanya aanee roggrast sthiteet asalyache manale gele. tyat tyanchi 'algemine pathology andd therapy als mechanishe naturevicenshaftein' (1842, dusari aavrutti) samavisht hotee.1848), rudolph wagnerchya 'handworterbuch dair physiology' madheel 'lebenscraft' (1843) aanee 'sele und sealenleben' (1846), tyanchi 'algemine physiology days corperlichen lebens' (1851) aanee tyanchi 'medizinishe cycology auder physiology dair sele' (1852) heey lekh.
jevha lotz yanni hii kaame prakashit kelee, tevha vaidyakeey vidnyan ajunahi shellingchya nisarg tattvadnyanachya prabhavakhali hote. bahya vastoo jyaa yantrik niyamanchya adheen hotya, teey keval ajaivik jagaat vaidh asalyache manale jaat hote. yantrana hii pratyek ghatana 'aaa' chaa itar ghatana 'buub', 'see', 'dii' shhee, ektar pudhil kinwa tyapurvicha, aparivartaniy sambandh hota; yantrana haah eka apariharya prakar hota jyamadhye yaa jagachya ghatana ghadavalya jaatat aanee jyadvare tyaa jodalya jaatat. sarvavyapi yantrana sthapan karane haah tyaa lekhanacha uddesh hota. parantu nisargacha yantrik drushtikon bhautikvadi drushtikonashi samaan nahee. vareel krutinpaiki shevatchya lekhat, aapan manacha aanee munn aanee shareer yanchyatil sambandhancha vichar kassa karava, yaa prashnavar sakhol charcha kelee jaate; yache uttar asey aahe qee aaplyala manacha vichar eka abhautik tattva mhanoon karava lagel, tyachi krutee, tathapi, shariravar aanee ulatpakshi purnapane yantrik mhanoon, jee mano-bhautik yantranechya nishchit niyamandware darshavili jaate.
lotzeche heey siddhant jaree tantrachya swarupashi sambandhit tatvik prashnache uttar tyat nahee yaa vishisht aanee punaruchcharit aarakshanashi uchcharale gele asale taree, anekjan tyanna tatvadnyanacha shevatcha shabd manatat, jeey shellingchya shraddhecha aanee hegelchya aadarshavadi siddhantancha nirnayak nakar aahe. german bhautikvadachi aadhunik shaala jevha tyachya shikharavar hotee tyaa varshanmadhye prakashit kelyapramane, lotzchya yaa kamanchi nondani anubhavjanya tattvadnyanachya virodhi chhavanit karnyat aalee hotee.
tyala jhalelya chukichya arth lavnyamule lotz yanna eka lahanshi vadgrast pustika ('stratescripton', 1857) prakashit karnyas pravrutt kele, jyamadhye tyane done chuka sudharlya. hegelchya aupchariktela tyachya virodhamule kahinni tyala bhautikvadi shaleshi jodale, tarr kahinni tyala vanaushadhichya anuyayanmadhye ganale. lotz yanni too herbertchya shalecha asalyache nakarle. tathapi, tyanni kabool kele qee leibnizche ekatmatashastra heey herbertchya shikavanukiche aanee tyanchya swatachya matanche agradoot manale jaau shakate.
tatvik karya.
lotz yanni libniz, kaant aanee hegel yanchya aadarshavadi aanee tarkvadi varsanmadhil aanee naveen bhautikvad aanee vastavikatecha vaidnyanik arth lavnyachya krantinantarchya sankraman kalat kaam kele.
tyancha assa vishvas hota qee nirikshan kshetrachya vyapak kshetrat sarvatra aaplyala teen bhinn pradesh aadhaltatah tathyanche kshetra, kayadyanche kshetra aanee mulyanchya manakanche kshetra. heey teen pradesh keval aaplya vicharanmadhye vegale aahet, pratyakshat nahee. tathyanche jug heey asey kshetra aahe jyamadhye naitik aanee saundaryashastriy mulyanchi uchch manke kayadyanchya madhyamatoon sakar kelee jaat aahet, yaa drudhanishchayatun purn samaj nirman hote. tyachyasathi, asey millen keval eka vaiyaktik devachya kalpanedware samajanyasarkhe aahe, jyane jagachi nirmiti aanee jatan kartana swechhene kahee rupe aanee kayade nivadle aahet, jyaa naisargik karyadvare tyachya karyachi shevat prapt hote.
lotz yanni teleological aadarshavad navacha drushtikon prastavit keela, jyache kendriya tattva teleomechanism tattva aahe, tarkshastra, tattvamimansa aanee vidnyanat yantrana teleologyshy susangat aahe hii kalpana.
lotz yanchi vyakhyane vistrut kshetrat hotih tyanni manasshastra aanee tarkshastravar (nantarche sampoorn tatvik sanshodhanache sarvekshan, 'vishvakosh dair philosophy' saha) varshik vyakhyane dilee, nantar dirgh antarane tattvamimansa, nisargache tattvadnyan, kaleche tattvadnyan, dharmache tattvadnyan, tatvadnyan aanee naitikatechya itihasavar kvachitach vyakhyane dilee. yaa vyakhyananmadhye tyanni tyanchi vichitra matey adhik kathor swarupat spasht kelee aanee tyanchya aayushyachya shevatchya dashakat tyanni tyanchya 'system dair philosophy' madhye tyaa abhyaskramancha saar sakarla, jyapaiki keval done khand prakashit jhaale aahet (khand. mea "logic", pahili aavrutti.1874, dusari aavrutti., 1880; khand. 2 "adhibhautik", 1879). tisra aanee shevatcha khand, joou vyavharik tattvadnyanachya, qalaa aanee dharmachya tattvadnyanachya pramukh samasyanvar adhik sankshipt swarupat bhashya karnar hota, too tyachya mrutyupurvi purn jhaala navhata.
aaplya samanya sanskratichya vikhuralelya vicharanmadhye ekata aanee susanvad aananyacha prayatna karane hii tyanchyasathi purnapane aupcharik charitryachi samasya hotee. anek vidnyananchya prarambhik dharana aanee atty tayar karananya sankalpanancha tapas karane aanee tyanchya lagoo honyachya maryada nishchit karane, hii tyanchi vishesh ichcha hotee.
tyanantar tapas naisargikaritya swatahla teen bhaganmadhye vibhagatil, jyapaiki pahila bhag
kayade, tathye aanee mulyanchi manke ekach sarvasamaveshak drushtikonatun kashee ekatra kelee jaau shakatat yachee kahee samanya kalpana tayar karane heey tyanche uddisht hote.
anek goshtinche jug aaplya bhovati aahe; jyaa kalpanandware aapan tyache varnan yogyaritya kinwa chukichya paddhatine karato, tyaa dekhil tayar kelya jaatat. asey jug kase aahe heey kase vyavasthapit karate, kinwa yaa kalpana aapan kasha tayar kelya heey spasht karnyasathi nahee, tarr visangat aanee gondhalalelya amoort kalpana door karnyasathi kinwa tyanchi punarnirmiti aanee vyakhya karnyasathi jeey karayache aahe jenekarun teey eka susangat aanee susanvadi drushtikon tayar karoo shaktil.
goshtincha marg aanee tyanche sambandh heey astitvanchya bahuvishayachya gruheet dharnyanech vichar karnyayogya aahe, jyache vastav (tyanchyabaddalachya aaplya dnyanapeksha vegale) keval sambandhanchya eka samooh mhanoon kalpana kelee jaau shakate. itar goshtinchya sandarbhat ubhe rahanyacha haah guna mhanje ekhadya vastoola tyache vastav deto. aanee yaa vastavikateche swaroop punha ekada sthir aanee kathor padarth mhanoon kinwa aparivartaniy kahitari mhanoon satatyane darshavile jaau shakat nahee, parantu satat badalatya ghatana kinwa chhapanchya punaravrutticha eka nishchit kram mhanoon darshavile jaau shakate. jyaa goshti astitvat aahet aanee tyanche badalatya tappe kahee antargat sambandhat ubhe rahile pahijet; tyaa swatah sakriy kinwa nishkriy, karnyas kinwa dukkh sahan karnyas saksham asane aavashyak aahe.
naisargik vidnyanat ugam pavalelya samanya sankalpanecha ekach velee arth qaa kadhu naye aanee tee samajanyasarkhi qaa banavoo naye. anek goshtinvar niyantran thevana kayadyanchya vyavasthechi? parantu, hii sankalpana agadi spasht aanee vichar karnyayogya banavanyachya prayatnat, aaplyala goshtinchya sambandhala eka sarvatrik padarth mhanoon darshavinyas bhag padale jaate, jyache saar aapan kayadyanchi eka pranali mhanoon gruheet dharato jee sarvkahi antarbhut karate aanee tyachya swatachya rupat sarvkahi jodate, parantu adrushya aahe aanee tee aaplyavar nirman honanya chhapandware aaplyala mahit aahe, jyala aapan goshti mhanato. jarr aapan aaplya bahereel bhautik goshtinna swatantryapasun vanchit thewale aanee tyanna keval eka jodalele astitva, jyachya krutidvare teey aaplyala disu shakatat, tyaa sarvatrik padarthadvare dile tarr vyavharik jeevan tasech vidnyanachi seva samanpane kelee jaate. tyanni aaplya vaidnyanik shodhadvare bhautik goshtincha shodh lavala, jyaa sanskratine tyanna yaa vidnyanachya madhyamatoon vastav dile aanee shevati jyaa moolyanni hii sanskruti sthapit kelee tyaa mulyankade parat gele. yaa paddhatila 'pratigami vishleshan' mhanatat."
lotzechi aitihasik sthitee khoop rochak aahe. jaree too herbertcha anuyayi asalyacha incar karat asala taree, tyachi tattvadnyanachi aupcharik vyakhya aanee tattvamimansachya uddeshachi tyachi sankalpana herbertsarkhich aahe, joou anubhavane dilelya kalpananche nutanikaran karnyacha prayatna mhanoon tattvadnyanachi vyakhya karato. yaa prayatnat tyane herberts johann gottlieb ficte, friedrich wilheim joseph shelling aanee george wilheim friedrich hegel yanchya tattvadnyanala virodh keela, jyacha uddesh vastunishtha aanee paripoorn dnyan haah hota aanee tasech kantvar teeka kelee, jyacha uddesh serve manvi dnyanachi vaidhata nishchit karane haah hota.
tathapi, aadarshavadyansamor jeey keval vicharancha vishay hote, teey sampoorn, lotzsathi kathor tatvik bhashet paribhashit kele jaau shakat nahee; manvi antahkaranachya aakanksha, aaplya bhavna aanee ichchhanchi samagri, kalechi uddishte aanee dharmik shraddhechi tattve samajoon ghetali pahijet jenekarun paripurnatechi rikami kalpana arthane bharali jaau shakel. daivi aatmyachi hii abhivyakti punha shodhali jaau shakat nahee aanee manvi manachi vaadh (hegelane kelyapramane) ekhadya vyaktimadhye, samajat aanee itihasat, eka anumanatmak yojnabaddhatechya neeras talat qamee karoon samajoon gheta yet nahee. tyamadhye jeey saar aanee moolya aahe teey keval tapashilanchya vidyarthyalach prakat hote, kaaran vastav heey tattvadnyanapeksha mothe aanee vyapak aahe. eka kitee asoo shakato" hii samasya aaplyasathi keval aaplya sabhovatalachya jeevan aanee anubhavatil asankhya udaharananmadhye sodavali jaate, jyasathi aapan aajivan swarasya rakhale pahije aanee jeey serve upayukt manvi karyache kharey kshetra aahe.
shabdanchi aanee amoort kalpananchi rikamipana aanee vaiyaktik jivanachi paripoornata yaa vishvasamule, lotz yanni tyanchya likhanat done marg ekatra kele, jyat german tatvik vichar tyache mahan sansthapak leibniz yanchya mrutyunantar pudhe sarkat hote. aapan yaa abhyaskramanchi vyakhya gupt aanee bahya yaa sandnyanni karoo shakato. pahila mhanje pratyek goshtiche paddhatshirkaran karnyacha aanee aapale serve dnyan eka samajanyayogya tattvaparyant qamee karnyacha shaikshanik shodh hota. yaa prayatnat leibnizchya tattvadnyanacha sakhol arth chukala. nantarche samanya sanskratiche avyavasthit tatvadnyan hote jeey aaplyala shastriy kalatil mahan lekhak, lessing, winkleman, goethe, shiller aanee hearder yanchya karyat aadhalate. yaa sarvanni kahee pramanat libnizche runipan vyakt kele. lotzney vyakhyan kakshatoon tatvadnyan jivanachya bajarpethet aanale asey mhatale jaau shakate. pratyek drushtikonachi takad samajoon gheuun aanee ektrit karoon, too leibnizcha kharaa uttaradhikari banala.
jyaa yugat lotz germanyt rahat hota aanee lihito, tyaa yugat tyane ghetalelya padache kautuk jhaale nahee. varanvar gairsamaj karoon ghetala jaat asala taree kvachitach teeka kelee jaat hotee, tarihi tyache khoop kautuk kele jaat asey, samarpit shrote tyache aikayache aanee vadhatya vartuladvare tyache vachan kele jaat asey. parantu heey vartul kadhihi tatvik shalechi ekata sadhya karoo shakale nahee.