sudharanepasun ekonisavya shatkaparyant englandmadhil pujari-pashchatap visheshadhikar

purohit-pashchatap visheshadhikar haah siddhant brittenmadhye lagoo hott nahee. sudharananpurvi, ingland haah eka roman catholic desh hota aanee kabulijbabavar shikkamortab karnyacha ingraji nyayalayanmadhye motha adhikar hota. tathapi, sudharanannantar catholicancha anekada tivra chhal jhaala.
cannon kayadyachi vyapti.
canterburyche archbishop aanee nantar londonche bishop yanche padri edmond gibson yanni lihilelya 'codex jurics acclessiesticy anglicani' (london, 1761) madhye, englandmadhil charchsathi vegvegalya velee banavalelya vividh niyam aanee sanvidhananche sankalan aadhalate. pieterchya pence aanee vitarananshi sambandhit kayadyancha ullekh sanskar tyaa granthachya parichayamadhye, jeey englandmadhil popachya adhikarkshetrachya vaparashi dekhil sambandhit aahe, lekhak cannon kayadyacha sparsh kartana khalilpramane mhanatoh
teey pudhe mhanatat qee sudharananpurvi, teey deshatil kayadyanchya virodhat nasane hii yaa kayadyanchi yethe sweekarli jaanari aut hotee. parantu tyanni otho aanee othobonechya kahee sanvidhananvar johnn dii ethon bhashanancha dekhil hawala deela aahe, jeey bhashyakar mhanatat qee yethe prapt jhaale naheet. gibson yanni canterburyche archbishop (1378) sayman sudbury yanchya sanvidhanacha hawala dett, varshatoon teen vela kabulijbab aikanyache aadesh dile aanee joou varshatoon kiman ekada kabulijbab karnar nahee tyala jiwant asatana charchmadhye pravesh karnyapasoon rokhale pahije aanee mrut jhalyavar khristi dafanvidhi houu naye. haah aadesh charchmadhye varanvar prakashit karayacha hota.
kabulijbabavar shikkyachya guptatebabatcha vishisht aadesh sthanik patalivar ingraji parishada aanee dharamsabha yanni punha lagoo keela hota heey aadhich dakhavale gele aahe. tyache mahatva, mug teey lateran kaunsilane adhiniyamit kele asso kinwa ingraji kaunsilane punha adhiniyamit kele asso, charchmadhye aadhich changlya prakare sthapit asalelya ekhadya goshtichi pushti karnare kinwa jastit jaast, gopaniyatechya ullanghanasathi shiksha nishchitpane ghoshit karnare asalyache disate. englandchya diwani nyayalayanni aadeshala parvanagi dilee aanee sweekarle, haah keval kapaticha vishay asoo shakato. yacha konatahi thet purava nahee, udaharanarth, yaa itar done aadeshanchya babatit, jeey yaa vishisht aadeshachya swikrutichya sambhavyatecha keval kahee purava mhanoon uddhrut kele jaatat. yaa sambhavyatechi itar aanee mukhya karane sangnyapurvi heey lakshat thevane changle aahe qee jarr kabulijbab guptatecha kayada charchmadhye aadhich changlya prakare sthapit jhaala asel tarr itar doghanchya prakarananpramanech aaplyala aadeshachya konatyahi thet soochanecha purava milanyachi shakyata phaar qamee aahe.
parantu asey konatehi purave disat naheet jyamule ekhadyala shanka yeu shakel qee charchane ekhadya sanskarasah moolatah jodalelya babibaddal ghoshit kelela niyam, joou deshachya aavashyak dharmik prathecha bhag hota, too rashtrane nihsankochpane swikarla asata kaaran keval sarvatrik charchane too ghoshit keela hota. niyam keval keval kartavye gambhirpane ghoshit karato, jyachyavar rashtrane nehmich vishvas thewala hota, asey mananyasathi itaki bhakkam karane asalyane, konihi yaa niyamachi konatihi ughad sweekruti milanyachi apeksha karnar nahee. punha, heey lakshat thevane mahatvache aahe qee niyam swatach pramukhyane pramukhyane sambandhit hota aanee nihsanshaypane, teey tyala bandhil hote aanee ingraji kayadyanmadhun teey konatyahi ullanghanasathi englandmadhil charchchya nyayalayanmadhye jyaa kathor shikshes jababdar tharale hote teey punha lagoo kartana aapan pahato. tyamule diwani nyayalayanni tyakade durlaksh kelyane yaa done nyayadhikarananmadhe kayam sangharsh nirman jhaala asata, jaree tyaa nyayadhikaranat keval tyanchya adhikarkshetracha vapar keela jaat hota, shivay tyaa nyayadhikaranat rashtrane palalelya dharmashi itka tivra sangharsh jhaala asata.
charchchya kayadyache ullanghan sanskar lipikanchya adhikarkshetracha prashna purnapane charchchya hatat hota. charchchya nyayalayanchya aayogacha ahwal, 1883", jyacha aapan aadhich ullekh keela aahe, too aaplyala sangato qee "charchchya adhikarkshetrat tyachya vyapak arthane churchche sambandh, vyakti, malmatta, adhikar aanee upayah padri tyanchya serve sambandhanmadhye samavisht hote". parantu charchchya nyayalayanche adhikarkshetra aanakhi barech vistarle, jyat vivahacha prant aanee probet aanee anaichhikatechya prakarananmadhye chull malmatteche hastantaran yancha samavesh hota. yaa nantarchya prantat, konatyahi nyayalayachya adhikarkshetratil itar konatyahi prantapeksha, kabulijbabavar shikkamortab karoon ghadalele kahitari jaanun ghenyachi ichcha balganyachi sandhee kadachit jaast aalee asatee. pollock aanee metlandcha 'englandchya kayadyancha itihas' aaplyala sangato qee, baddhakoshthata hii kahishi tyaa ghrunaspad manali jaat asey, jyachyashi sanskaratmak kabulijbab naan karata mrutyu manla jaat asey. heey kadachit eka lakshaniy atishayokti asoo shakate, parantu heey heey darshavate qee kabulijbabavar shikkyacha prashna upasthit karnyasathi kiman itar konatyahi prantaitakech heey prant mojale gele hote.
punha ekada, aapan lakshat thevuya qee durham aanee chestersarkhya kahee jilhyanmadhye, bishapanni tatpurte adhikarkshetra vaparale. laurd kokane namood kelyapramane, agadi rajachya darbaratahi anekada nyayadhish pujari asat, tarr nirdosh 4 neey pujarina nyayadhish mhanoon kaam karnyas manai kelee hotee. pollock aanee matlandcha 'englandchya kayadyancha itihas' aaplyala eka namuna tarikh deto, tee 16 julai 1195 chee, jyavar rajachya khandpithat eka archbishop, teen bishop aanee teen archdican basale hote. tech pustak aaplyala sangate keeh
heey atyant asambhavaniy aahe qee jevha samanya kayadyache paddhatshirkaran 'lokpriy padrinchya' hatoon suru hote, tevha kabulijbab ughad karnyas sakti karnara niyam motha jhaala asata. shevati, heey kahee nirikshan karnyayogya aahe qee sampoorn purv-sudharana kalavadhit ekahi nondavalele prakaran, pathyapustak kinwa bhashya nahee, jyamadhye puravyachya kayadyanni kabulijababachya shikkyacha aadar keela nahee ashee konatihi soochana aahe. hii karane yaa nishkarshaparyant pohochanyasathi pureshi aahet asey disate qee sudharananpurvi englandchya samanya kayadyane shikka pavitra manla jaat hota. surr robbert philimore yanni (anglican) charchchya kayadyavaril tyanchya karyat yaa sandarbhat eka nishchit vidhan kele aahe.
kabulijbab karnyachya adhikarashi sambandhit asalela ingraji sansadecha ekmev nond kelela kayada mhanje abhayaranya kayada 1315 (9 aavrutti. 2, c. 10). yaa kayadyala 'articuli clairy' mhanatat aanee jyaa bhagacha sandarbh rajya sodoon aashrayasathi charchmadhye paloon paloon, abhayaranyachya visheshadhikarancha dawa sanskar gunhegaranchya hakkanshi sambandhit aahe. asha vyaktinna jivanachya garja midvanyachi parvanagi dilee pahije aanee nisargala aaram denyasathi charchmadhun baher jaanyas tyanna swatantrya asale pahije asey namood kelyanantar, kayada khalilpramane pudhe jaatoh "playset atium domino reggy, utt latrons well appellatorus kwandokunk volurint possint sasserdotibus sua facinora confiterry sedent cavent neey erronis hujusamodi appellatoruschi mahitee kabool karate". barach kaal aprachalit asalela haah kayada 1863 madhye radd karnyat aala aanee tyacha anuvad kayadyanchya sangrahat (rajyache kayade, i, 173) aanee pickeringchya 'mothya pramanavar kayade' (cambridge, 1782) chya aavruttit keela gela aaheh 'aanee rajacha anand assa aahe qee chor kinwa apilkarte (jevha tyanna havey asel tevha) tyanche gunhe purohitansamor kabool karoo shakatatah parantu kabooldaranni asha apilkartyanna chukun mahitee deu naye yachee kalji gheu dya.
visheshadhikaravar kook.
james pahila yachya netrutvakhalil englandche laurd chief justices asalele mahan samanya vakeel surr edward kook mhanatatah
catholic vishvakosh assa yuktivad karato qee tyachya tippanivarun heey agadi spasht nahee, parantu asey disate qee, kokane kabulijababdaranna dilelya antim savadhgiricha arth kabulijababachya shikkyachi manyata assa lavala aahe aanee tase asalyas, tyane tyacha chukicha arth lavala aahe asey disate, kaaran 'informair' yaa shabdacha anuvad 'viruddha mahitee dene' assa chukicha disel. vishvakosh pudhe sangato qee, yaa khandacha yogya arth lavane, kabulidaranna, jevha tyanna tyanchya kabulijababanchi kabuli dilee jaate, tevha baher kaay chalale aahe yachee mahitee naan denyacha ishara denara eka ishara asalyache disate.
mhanoon vishvakosh asey nirikshan karate qee, yaa gunhegaranna muktapane kabuli denyacha adhikar rakhoon thevanyat aala hota heey darshavite tyakhereej, kayadyat, tyachya vastavik shabdat, kabulijbab shikkyachya visheshadhikaranchi konatihi ghoshana nahee, aanee pudhe jaaun, kokchya tippanila tyane gunhegarichya sandarbhat samanya kayadyatil visheshadhikar astitvat asalyache vidhan mhanoon mahatvache manale jaate. uddhrut kelelya kokchya swatachya drushtikonavyatirikt, uchch deshdrohachya prakarananmadhun tyala vagalanyasathi konatahi aadhar nasalyache disate, kaaran tyaa drushtikonachya samarthanarth tyanni uddhrut keleli done prakarane tyache samarthan karat naheet.
randolfche prakaran.
yapaiki pahili prakarane mhanje frear johnn randolfchi, jee sansadechya rolmadhun uddhrut kelee gelee aahe, "7 heinry wii.". randolph haah navarechya joaanacha kabulijbab hota, heinry IV chee vidhva, jyavar jadutonyane ticha savatra mulga heinry V vish denyacha prayatna kelyacha aarop hota. catholic vishvakosh asey nirikshan karate qee tyaa nondit asey kahihi nahee jyavarun kokchya davyatoon, ranicha cutt, tine frear randolfla kabulijbab dilyamule siddha jhaala hota, assa andaj lavala jaau shakato. ahavalatil shabd asey aaheth
catholic vishvakoshane assa dawa keela aahe qee, 'kabulijbab' haah shabd tyachya prathamik arthane, hollinshedchya 'chronicles' madheel yaa prakaranache ahwal aanee johnn stochya 'chronicle auph ingland' madhye asha drushtikonache samarthan karnyasathi vaparla gela aahe, kaaran teey sangatat qee randolfla turungat taknyat aale hote. hollinshed mhanato keeh
stoe mhanato qee randolphane ranila tichya gunhyabaddal sallah deela hota. asha prakare, punha catholic vishvakoshanusar, jevha too ranibarobar cutt rachalyachya aaropakhali turungat hota, tevha tyane titakich kabuli dilee.
garnetche prakaran.
dusare prakaran heey sudharanannantar ghadale aahe. hii jesuitchi chachani aahe, phaa. heinry garnet, barudchya katamadhye cutt rachalyachya aaropakhali. rajya chachanyanchya nondinmadhye yachee nond aahe. kabulijbab karnyacha visheshadhikar uchch deshdrohache gupit karnyasathi vistarit navhata assa keval nyayalayachya konatyahi nirnayacha ullekh nahee, tarr nyayalayachya konatyahi sadasyane tyaa sandarbhat konatehi mutt vyakt kelyache saumya sanketahi naheet. sakshidarane nyayalayasamor saksh denyacha prashnach navhata, joou tyala kabulijababat ughad keela gela. eff. aar. aahe qaa haah prashna aahe. garnet haah cutt rachanyat sahbhagi hota, tyachya olakhicha prashna aanee jarr tyala tyachi jaaniv asel tarr too ughad naan karane aavashyak hote. cutt cutt eka shadayantracha, greenwelkadoon tyane cutt rachalyacha tapasheel aikala hota, yaat vaad navhata, parantu bachavatmak bajoo ashee hotee qee tyane keval kabulijababat teey aikale hote, jaree tyala purvi cutt cutt rachananya eka katkarakadun cutt rachalyache samanya sanket midale hote. bachav paksh keval kayadyat asalyache mhanoon nyayalayane ekach velee nakarla nahee, tarr nyayalayachya kahee sadasyanni kaidyala dilelya yuktivadavarun nishkarsh kadhanyasathi, tyala gambhiratene hatalale gele jeey sudharanannantarchya kalat aashcharyakarak vatate aanee visheshtah asha tivra kaithalikavirodhi bhavna asalelya kshani.
nyayalayache sadasya laurd salisbury yanni phaa. jarr mafipurvi kabulijbab aanee pashchatap nasava aanee sakaratmak uttar midalyanantar, greenwellne konatihi pashchattap darshavili nahee kinwa maghar ghenyacha hetu darshavila nahee asey tyane tyala nirikshan dile. "yadvare, asey disate qee ektar greenwellne tumhala kabulijababatun sangitale aanee nantar konatihi gopaniyata rahnar naheeh kinwa, jarr tee kabulijababat asel tarr tyane pashchattap naan kelyacha dawa keela aanee mhanoon tumhi tyala nirdosh mukt karoo shakat nahee."too pudhe tyala mhanala qee greenwellne tyala visheshtah ketsbeacha arth kaay aahe heey sangitalyanantar, aanee nantar tyane ketsbyne tyala purvi kaay sangitale hote teey lakshat ghetale (fra. garnet) sarvasadharanpane, tyane catsbeachya tyachya samanya dnyanatun heey ughad kele asave. greenwellchya kabulijababanantar, jevha catsbeela tyala tapasheel sangayacha hota, tevha tyane tyache aikanyas nakar qaa deela, asey tyane tyala vicharale. garnetne uttar dile qee tyala aanakhi aikayache aahe. surr edward kook yanni, abhiyojan pakshakadoon, yaa vishayavar sahaa yuktivad nyayalayala sambodhit kele, pahila mhanje hii vishisht kabulijbab sanskaratmak navhati, pachva too eff. aar. hota. garnetla yaa katabaddal atirikt kabulijbabdarakadun kalale hote aanee shevatche asey hote qee "samanya kayadyanusar, tee (kabulijbab) kitihi asali taree, tee eka aparadhi vyakti asalyane, tyane tee ughad karayala havee hotee". yaa shevatchya prastavacha nyayalayane sweekar kelyache konatehi sanket naheet. samore aanalelya puravyatil kabulijbab haah keval eka muddah hota. eka ahavalatoon assa andaj bandhato qee nyayalay kabulijababatil bachavavar, kharey tarr, samadhani navhate aanee tyanni aarop itar puravyanvarun siddha jhalyache manale.
shree. yanni faujdari prakarananmadhye kabulijbab karnyashi sambandhit kayadyavaril eka kagdavar. charles etch. hopwood, lekhak sudharananpurvi shikkyachi olakh honyachi sambhavyata kabool karato. too mhanato qee laurd kokane uddhrut kelyapramane garnetche prakaran kvachitach yogya tharoo shakate, kaaran garnetla daruchya deshdrohachya khatalyat sakshidar mhanoon bolavanyat aale navhate aanee jarr garnetne kaboolnama chhapanyache bandhan mandale tarr teey keval tyachya swatachya bachavasathi kele gele qee too katkar navhata, parantu itaranchi kabulijbab aikoon tyala jeey kahee mahit hote teey fakt tyala mahit hote aanee surr eae. kabulijbab haah adyap amalat naan aanalelya gunhyatil eka hota asey pratyuttar deuun kook jawaljawal kabuli dett asalyache aanee hii yachika talhat asalyache disate. surr edward kook yanni 'articuli clairy' vareel tyanchya bhashyamadhye, see. 10, tyachya shabdancha arth lavtana too mhanato qee too samanya kayada ghoshit karato. tyanni alikadil eka khatalyachya sandarbhadvare yaa vidhanala pathimba deela, tyaa prakaranat aadhich namood kelelya tyanchya swatachya yuktivadasaha, heey thaam purave detat qee yaa mahan samanya vakilache mutt hote qee tyanchya sudharanannantarchya kalatahi englandchya samanya kayadyane deshdrohachya babatit vagalata kabulijbab karnyachya visheshadhikarala manyata dilee. jarr tyanche mutt asey asel, kiman, atyant sambhavya asey disate, tarr teey eka atishay pratishthit vakilache aanee protestantvadache prakhar samarthak yanche mutt mhanoon atyant manoranjak aahe.
nishkarsh.
tathapi, heey lakshat thevane mahatvache aahe qee dandatmak kayadyannusar catholic dharm haah eka pratibandhit dharm hota. tyachi pratha kathor dandatmak kayadyanchya adheen hotee aanee tyache sanskar sanskar karananya kathor dand thothavanyat aala. jarr nantarcha kayada kayadyachya tartudinshi visangat asel tarr kayada samanya kayadyache sthanantar karato. dharmik kabulijbabala sakshidar peteet ughad karnyacha visheshadhikar deela jaanar nahee asey spashtapane ghoshit karnara konatahi kayada nahee heey kharey aahe. parantu catholic dharmachya prathechya virodhat itake kayade parit karnyat aale qee samanya kayadyat assa visheshadhikar ajunahi prachalit aahe asey manane tyanchyashi visangat vatel.

