jordencha abdullah pahila

abdullahi biin all-hussen (, 2 februwari 1882-20 julai 1951) haah 11 april 1921 pasoon 1951 madhye tyachya hatyeparyant jordencha shasak hota. too 25 meey 1946 paryant, british sanrakshit rajya transjordencha amir hota, jyanantar too swatantra jordencha raja hota. 1921 pasoon jordonchya shahee kutumbachya hashemite rajvanshacha sadasya mhanoon abdullah haah muhammadacha 38 vya pidhicha thet vanshaj hota.
ottoman samrajyatil makka, hejaz yethe janmalela abdullah haah makkacha sharif hussen biin allie aanee tyachi pahili patni abdia binat abdullah yanchya chaar mulanpaiki dusra hota. tyache shikshan istanbul aanee hejazmadhye jhaale. 1909 teey 1914 paryant abdullah ottoman vidhimandalat makkache pratinidhi mhanoon basale, parantu pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan tyanni brittenshee yutee kelee. yuddhadarmyan, tyane united kingdambarobar gupt vataghati karnyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali jyamule tyache vadil sharif hussen yanchya netrutvakhalil ottoman rajvativiruddha arab bund jhaale. abdullah yane swatah lashkaravar chhapyanche netrutva kele.
abdullah april 1921 madhye transjordencha amir jhaala. tyane tyanantar mahayuddhadarmyan britishanshi aapali yutee kayam thewali aanee 1946 madhye transjordenla united kingdampasoon swatantrya midalyanantar too raja jhaala. 1948 chya arab-israyali yuddhachya parshvabhumivar, tyane jordonchya niyantran aanee paschim paschim vilinikaran kele. jerusalemmadhe 1951 madhye all-aksa mashidichya praveshdvaravar shukravari namaj pathan kartana eka palestini vyaktine tyachi hatya kelee. tyacha motha mulga talal tyachya jaagi aala.
prarambhik rajkiy karkird.
1910 madhye, abdullah yane aaplya vadilanna makkachya bhavya sharifsathi, yashasvipane ubhe rahnyas rajee kele, jyaa padasathi hussenla britishancha pathimba midala. pudhchya varshi, tarun turkanni sthapan kelelya sansadet teey makkasathi upadhikshak banale, aanee tyanche vadil aanee ottoman sarkar yanchyat madhyasth mhanoon kaam kele. 1914 madhye, abdullah yane arabmadhil tyachya vadilanchya mahattvakankshansathi britishancha pathimba midvanyasathi laurd kitchenerla bhetanyasathi kairola gupt bhet dilee.
abdullah yane pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan britishanshi sampark kayam thewala aanee 1915 madhye tyachya vadilanna turkey rajvatipasun arab swatantryabaddal egyptmadhil british uchchayukt surr heinry mcmohan yanchyashi patravyavahar karnyas protsahit kele. (mcmohan-hussen patravyavahar pahaa). yaa patravyavaharamule turkstanchya viruddha arab bund jhaale. 1916-18 chya arab bandachya velee, abdullah yane arab purvekadil sainyache netrutva kele. abdullah yane 10 juuna 1916 roji taif yetheel ottoman chhavanivar hallah karoon bandat aapali bhoomika suru kelee. chhavanimadhye daha 75-miimii kroop bandukansah 3,000 sainik hote. abdullah yane 5,000 aadivasi sainyache netrutva kele, parantu tyanchyakade sampoorn hallyasathi shastre kinwa shist navhati. tyaeivaji tyane shaharala vedha ghatala. julaimadhye, tyala egyptchya egyptchya chalavalya chalavalya hovitzer batterychya swarupat egyptkadoon sainyabal midale. tyanantar too madinachya vedhyat sameel jhaala aanee shaharachya purv aanee ishanyekade asalelya 4,000 sainikanchya sainyache netrutva kele. 1917 chya suruvatila, abdullah yane valvantat eka ottoman tafyavar hallah keela aanee sultanala nishtha denyasathi beduinla laach denyachya uddeshane 20,000 pound kimatichi sonyachi nanee tabyat ghetali. august 1917 madhye, abdullah yane hejaz railwayche nuksan karnyasathi french karnadhar muhammad auld allie raho yachyabarobar jawalun kaam kele. british capton tii. abdullache sambandh. eae. laurence changla navhata aanee parinami, laurencene aapala bahutansh vel hejazmadhye abdullahcha bhau faisal yachyabarobar seva kelee, joou arabi uttarekadil sainyache netrutva karat hota.
transjordenchya amiratichi sthapana.
mesaloonchya yuddhanantar (24 julai 1920) jevha french sainyane damesk tabyat ghetale aanee tyacha bhau faisalala (27 julai-1 august 1920) haddapar kele, tevha abdullah yane damesk mukt karnyachya drushtine aapale sainya hejaz yethoon transjordenmadhye halavale, jithe tyacha bhau 1918 madhye raja ghoshit jhaala hota. abdullachya yojanambaddal aikalyanantar, winston charchilane 1921 madhye prasiddha "chahachya mejavanisathi" abdullalah kairo yethe aamantrit kele, jithe tyane abdullah yala shant rahnyasathi aanee brittonchya mitrapakshanvar, frenchanvar hallah naan karnyasathi patvoon dile. charchilane abdullalah sangitale qee french sainya tyachyapeksha shreshth aahe aanee britishanna frenchanshi konatahi tras nako aahe. 8 march 1920 roji, abdullah yala iraqi congressne iraqcha raja ghoshit kele, parantu tyane heey padd nakarle. tyachya nakaranantar, tyacha bhau faisal, joou nuktach syriamadhye parabhoot jhaala hota, tyane heey padd sweekarle. abdullah transjordenla gela aanee tethil rahivashanni tyache deshat swagat kelyanantar tethe eka amirat sthapan kelee.
abdullah yanni 1928 madhye vidhan parishadechi sthapana kelee asali taree tyanchi bhoomika sallagar rahili, jyamule tyanna eka hukumshaha mhanoon rajya karave lagale. amiratichya 23 varshanchya kalat abdullah yanchya netrutvakhali pantpradhananni 18 sarkare sthapan kelee.
1921 madhye palestine polisankadun pathbal midalelya leftnunt-curnell fredrick peak yanchya netrutvakhalil rakheev dalachya madatine transjorden bandhanyache kaam abdullah yanni suru kele. 1923 madhye arab sainyadal asey naav badalalelya yaa dalache netrutva 1930 teey 1956 darmyan johnn bagot glub yanni kele. tyanantar mahayuddhadarmyan, abdullah haah eka vishvasoo british sahkari hota, transjordenmadhye kadak vyavastha rakhala aanee irakmadhil aksh-samarthak uthav dadapanyat madat kelee. arab sainyane iraq aanee siriyachya tabyat madat kelee.
abdullah yane swatantrya midvanyasathi brittenshee vataghati kelya. 25 meey 1946 roji, transjordenche hashemite samrajya (26 april 1949 roji jordonche hashemite samrajya asey punarnamit karnyat aale) swatantra ghoshit karnyat aale. tyach divashi, abdullalah ammanmadhye raja mhanoon mukut ghatala gela.
vistarvadi aakanksha.
tyachya pidhitil arab netyanpaiki ektya abdullah yala pashchimatya deshankadun madhyamvargiy manale jaat asey. kadachit too israelsobat vegala shantata karar karnyas tayar hota, parantu arab leegchya dahashatvadi virodhasathi. tatkalin transjorden, siiriya, lebnonchya simechya aat mothya siriyasathiche tyache swapna aanee 'damishkmadhil simhasana' asalelya hashmite rajvanshachya antargat palestinesathi british aadeshamule, anek arab deshanni abdullacha avishvas keela aanee tyachyakade 'tyanchya deshanchya swatantryasathi dhoka' mhanoon pahile aanee tyanna tyachya shatrunshi maitri asalyacha sanshayahi hota 'aanee tyaa badalyat, abdullah itar arab deshanchya netyanvar avishvas karoo lagla.
abdullah yanni 1937 madhye soul aayogala pathimba deela, jyane palestine eka chhotya jyoo rajyat (palestinesathi british aadeshachya 20 takke) vibhajan karnyacha aanee urvarit jameen transjordenmadhye jodanyacha prastav mandala. palestine aanee aaspaschya arab deshanmadhil arabanni solanyachya nirnayala aakshep ghetala, tarr jyoo lokanni too anichhene swikarla. shevati, soul aayog swikarla gela nahee. 1947 madhye, jevha palestinechi eka jyoo aanee eka arab rajyat biin-samarthit falani jhaali, tevha abdullah haah yaa nirnayala pathimba denara ekmev arab neta hota.
1946-48 madhye, abdullah yane pratyakshat falanila pathimba deela jenekarun palestinesathi british aadeshachya arabi vatap kelelya kshetranna transjordenmadhye jodale jaau shakel. abdullah israyalachya jyoo agencyshi gupt baithka ghenyaparyant gela. november 1947 madhye sanyukt rashtranchya swatantra vibhajan yojnevar paraspar sahmatine jhalelya yaa baithakanmadhye, golda mayerson (bhavee israyali pantpradhan golda meyer) heey pratinidhinpaiki eka hote. 17 november 1947 roji, mayersonsobatchya gupt baithakit, abdullah yanni sangitale qee tyanna serve arab bhag kiman mhanoon jodayche aahet aanee teey serve palestinela jodanyas pradhanya deteel. yaa falanichya yojanela british pararashtra sachiv ernest bevin yanni pathimba deela hota, jyanni jerusalemchya mohammed ameen all-husaini yanchya netrutvakhalil palestini rajyachya nirmitila dhoka nirman karnyaivaji palestini lokanchya kimmativar abdullacha pradesh vadhavane pasant kele.
itihaskar graham jevon yanni gambhir baithakichya schlam aanee karshchya vyakhyanvar charcha kelee aanee heey manya kele qee schlamney mandalelya 'drudh karar' jhaala nasata, tarr heey spasht aahe qee pakshanni hashemite-zionist samayojan honyachya shakyatevar ughadpane charcha kelee aanee pudhe mhanatat qee zionistanni abdullacha hetu swikaranyas tayar asalyache pushti karane nirvivad aahe.
4 meey 1948 roji, abdullah yane, shakya titka palestine tabyat ghenyachya prayatnancha eka bhag mhanoon, etzian gatatil israyali vasahatinvar hallah karnyasathi arab sainya pathavale. pathavale arab-israyali yuddh suru honyachya eka aathvadyapeksha qamee kalavadhit, abdullah 11 meey 1948 roji meerla akherchya velee bhetala. abdullah meerla mhanala, "tumhi tumchya rajyachi ghoshana karnyasathi itakya ghaeet qaa aahat? tumhi kahee varshe qaa vaat pahat nahee? mea sampoorn desh tabyat ghein aanee majhya sansadet tumche pratinidhitva kele jaeel. mea tujhyashi khoop changle vagen aanee yuddh honar nahee ". abdullah yanni mallah "hashemite samrajyat swayatt jyoo chhavanichi nirmiti" karnyacha prastav deela, parantu "meerne novembermadhye, tyanni jyoo rajyachya vibhajanavar sahmati darshavali hotee, yacha pratikar keela."jorden aanee yishuv yanchyat yanchyat apariharya yuddhamule nirash jhalelya eka jyoo agencychya pratinidhine lihile," [abdullah] 29 novemberchya [falanipurv] simanvar vishvasoo rahnar nahee, parantu [too] aapale sampoorn rajya jinkanyacha prayatna karnar nahee."abdullah hyalahi yenare yuddh durdaivi vatale, kaaran tyane" muftidware chalavalya chalavalya palestini arab rajyapeksha jyoo rajyala [transjordencha shejari mhanoon] pradhanya dile."
palestini arab, shejaril arab rajye, pradeshacha vistar karnyache vachan aanee jerusalem jinkanyache uddisht yamule abdullah yanchyavar 15 meey 1948 roji 'serve-arab lashkari hastakshep' madhye sameel honyasathi dabav aala. tyane arabi jagaat aapali pratishtha punarsanchayit karnyasathi lashkari hastakshepacha vapar keela, jyamule pashchatya aanee jyoo netyanshi tyache tulanene changle sambandh asalyabaddal sanshay nirman jhaala hota. 1925 madhye ibn saudane hijaz tabyat gheiparyant paramparikpane hashemitschya tabyat asalelya makkache palakatva gamavalyabaddal bharpai mhanoon jerusalem ghenyas abdullah visheshtah utsuk hota. yaa yuddhat abdullachi bhoomika lakshaniy jhaali. tyane itar arab rashtranchya netyanvar avishvas thewala aanee tyanna vatale qee tyanchyakade kamkuvat lashkari sainya aahe; tyaa badalyat itar arabancha abdullah yanchyavar avishvas hota. tyane swatahla "arab sainyacha sarvoch senapati" mhanoon pahile aanee "arab leagla tyala niyukt karnyasathi patvoon dile". jaree tyanche jerusalemchya sabhovatalachya, aantarrashtriy kshetra honyachya uddeshane asalelya, yishuv sainyashi sangharsh jhaala, taree tyanchya british senapati glub pashachya netrutvakhalil tyachya sainyane jyoo rajyasathi bajula thevalelya bhagakade jaau dile nahee. abdullah all-telchya matey, rajachya vaiyaktik hastakshepamule arab sainyala galabchya ichcheviruddha junya shaharat pravesh karava lagla.
hatya.
16 julai 1951 roji, lebnonche majee pantpradhan riyad beey all soul yanchi ammanmadhye hatya karnyat aalee hotee, jithe lebnon aanee jorden israelsobat sanyukt swatantra shantatevar charcha karat asalyachi afava pasarat hotee.
96 tasannantar, 20 julai 1951 roji, jerusalemmadhil all-aksa mashidila bhet detana, hussaini kulatil eka palestini vyaktine abdullachi golya ghaloon hatya kelee, joou varvar pahata mothya surakshetun gela hota. samkalin prasarmadhyamanchya ahavalanmadhye yaa hatyeche shrey jerusalemmadhil eka gupt aadeshala dile gele aahe, jyala fakt 'jihad' mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyachi charcha muslim bandhutvachya sandarbhat jhaali. abdullah antyavidhila shlagha karnyasathi aanee ruven shiloh aanee moshe sasson yanchyashi purvaniyojit baithakisathi jerusalemmadhe hota. tyacha natoo rajkumar hussen yachyabarobar all-aksa mashidit shukravari namaj pathan kartana tyala golya ghalanyat aalya. palestini bandukdharine rajachya dokyavar aanee chhativar teen pranghatak golya zadalya. rajkumar hussenlahi maar lagla, parantu tyachya aajobanchya aagrahamule hussenchya chhativar lavalelya padakane golee valavali aanee tyacha jeev vachala. abdullachya hatyemule hussenla sahaa divasanchya yuddhanantar israyalashi shantata charcha naan karnyas pravrutt kele gele, jenekarun asech bhavitavya talhanyasathi.
rajachya angarakshakanni golya ghaloon thaar kelela marekari, mustafa shukari aashu navachya 21 varshiy darjicha shikau hota. ammanmadhil british rahivasi elek kirkbridechya matey, aashu haah eka 'majee dahashatvadi' hota, jyala pashudhan vikreta aanee kasai, jakaria uka yane hatya karnyasathi bharati kele hote.
aashu marla gela; rajala marnyasathi vaparleli revolver tyachya shariravar sapadali, tasech tyavar arabi bhashet 'maar, tuu surakshit rahsheel' asey lihilele eka tavijahi sapadale. abdul kadir farhat navachya eka sthanik coffey shop malkachya mulane revolver tyachya vadilanchi asalyache olakhale. 11 august roji jordonchya pantpradhananni jaheer kele qee hatyechya sandarbhat daha jananvar khatala chalavala jaeel. yaa sanshayitanmadhye curnell abdullah ett-tail, joou jerusalemcha governor hota aanee hatya jhalyanantarchya divasant egyptala paloon gelelya jerusalemcha bhajipala vyapari musa ahmed all-ayubbisah itar anekancha samavesh hota. 18 august roji suru jhalelya khatalyachya adhyakshasthani arab sainyadalacha general abdul kadir pasha all jundi hota. ayyubbi aanee ett-tail, jeey egyptala paloon gele hote, tyanchyavar khatala chalavanyat aala aanee tyanna "anupasthitit" shiksha sunavanyat aalee. musa abdullah hussainis teen sanshayit heey pramukh palestini hussen kutumbatil hote, jyamule marekari janadeshachya kalatil virodhi gatacha bhag hote assa andaj vartavala jaat hota.
jordonchya abhiyojakane thampane sangitale qee janewari 1950 pasoon kairomadhye kairomadhye curnell all-telane, gunhegaranna chithavani chithavani vachavanyasathi, ektyane karvai karnyasathi tayar kelelya kelelya tyanantar lagechach thaar marnyachya soochana dilya hotya. jerusalemchya sutranni teey cole jodale. all-tail jerusalemche majee grand mufti, ameen all-hussaini aanee egyptchya rajyatil aanee gazamadhil serve palestine sanrakshit pradeshat tyachya anuyayanchya jawalcha sampark hota. all-tail aanee husene aanee jerusalemmadhil teen saha-shadyantrakartyanna fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. 6 september 1951 roji musa allie husseni, aabid aanee jakaria ukah aanee abd-all-kadir farhat yanna fashi denyat aalee.
abdullalah ammanmadhil shahee darbarat daphan karnyat aale aahe. tyachya nantar tyacha mulga talal aala; tathapi, talal manasikdrushtya aajari asalyane, talalcha mulga rajkumar hussen tyachya 17 vya vadhadivsachya teen mahine aadhi, vayachya sola vya varshi raja hussen mhanoon prabhavi shasak banala. 1967 madhye, all-telala raja hussenkadoon purn kshama midali.
uttaradhikar sankat.
amir abdullah pahila yala done mulge hoteh bhavee raja talal aanee rajkumar naif. sarvat motha mulga asalyane talalala 'sinhasanacha naisargik varasdar' manale jaat asey. tathapi, tyachya vadilanshi asalelya talalchya ashant sambandhanmule amir abdullah yane tyanantar mahayuddhadarmyan gupt shahee aadeshadvare tyala uttaradhikar reshetoon kadhoon takale. tyanantar, tyanantar mahayuddhanantar tyanche sambandh sudharle aanee ameerne talalala sarvajanikaritya varas mhanoon ghoshit kele.
matra, amir abdullah aanee tatkalin rajputra talal yanchyatil tanav, talal "prachand, naan sangata yenyajogi karje sankalit karat" rahilyanantar kayam rahila. amir abdullah aanee pantpradhan sameer all-rifai heey doghehi talalala spasht varas mhanoon kadhoon taknyachya aanee tyachya jaagi tyacha bhau naif yachya bajoone hote. tathapi, british rahivasi elek kirkbridene amir abdullalah asha "sinhasanachya varsala sarvajanik fatkar" viruddha ishara deela, joou ishara amir abdullah yane anichhene swikarla aanee nantar amir rajevar asatana talalala karbhari mhanoon niyukt karnyas suruvat kelee.
britishanni talal badalanyachi parvanagi naan denyamagche eka pramukh kaaran mhanje tyanchi prasiddha jhaleli britishvirodhi bhoomika, jyamule bahusankhya jordnian lock asey gruheet dharoo lagale qee kirkbride jordarpane british samarthak rajkumar naifla anukool asel. asha prakare, kirkbridene assa tark keela aahe qee "anek arabanni nayafchya rajyabhishekache shrey british sarkarchya tyanchya shatruchya talala vagalanyachya machiavelian katala dile asel", asey eka asey gruheet dharale gele aahe, jyamule arab rashtravadi sahanubhootishil janatela asey vatel qee britton ajunahi navyane swatantra jhalelya jordonchya karbharat sakriyapane hastakshep karat aahe. asha gruhitkanmule britishanchya hitsambandhanna adthala yeil kaaran tyamule british sainya hatavanyasathi aanee deshatoon british prabhav purnapane kadhoon taknyasathi navyane aavahan houu shakate.
jevha kirkbridene talal gambhir mansik aajarane grast asalyache sangoon, talalala berut mansik rugnalayat pathavale tevha yaa gruhitakachi chachani ghetali jaeel. anek jordnian lokancha assa vishvas hota qee "talalmadhye kahihi chukiche nahee aanee tyala margatoon baher kadhanyasathi dhoort britishanni tyachya vedepanabaddalchi katha rachaleli aahe."talalvishayi vyapak lokpriy mutt asalyamule, ameerchya uttaradhikari honyasathi rajkumar naifla britishancha pathimba denyat aala nahee.
tyachya done mulanmadhil sangharshanmule amir abdullahne hashemite iraqashi gupt sambandh prasthapit kele, jyamadhye abdullacha putanya faisal dusra abdullachya mrutyunantar jordenver rajya karel. yaa kalpanela britishanmadhye kahee pramanat sakaratmak pratisad midala, parantu shevati bagdadche jordenveril varchasva british pararashtra karyalayane "arab prajasattakvad" chya bhitine pratikool mhanoon pahile mhanoon nakarle.
britishanni (rajkumar nife aanee iraqcha raja faisal dusra) sinhasanavaril itar done sambhavya davedaranna bajula sarlyanantar, 1951 madhye amir abdullachya hatyenantar jordencha raja mhanoon rajya karnyasathi talal tayar hota. tathapi, raja talal paradeshat vaidyakeey upchar ghet asalyane, rajkumar naifla tyachya bhavachya jaagi karbhari mhanoon kaam karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. lavkarach, rajkumar nayafne "swatahsathi sinhasanavar aapale thase ughadpane vyakt karnyas" suruvat kelee. raja talalala jordenmadhye parat aananyachya yojanambaddal aikalyavar, rajkumar nayafne 10 vya payadal regimentcha commander curnell habis majali (avee schlamney 'ardh-pretorian guard' mhanoon varnan kelele), ranee zeane (talalchi patni) aanee 'jyaa imaratila sarkar bhetanar hote, tyaa imaratila gherun, tyala nayafcha mukut ghalanyasathi baljabari karoon, uthav karnyacha prayatna keela.
jarr haah uthav hota, tarr britishanchya pathimbyachya abhavamule aanee too thambavanyasathi glub pashachya hastakshepamule too ayashasvi jhaala. rajkumar nife tyachya kutumbasah berutala nighun gela, tyacha shahee darbaratil sallagar mohammed surekine tyache padd sodale aanee 10 vee payadal regiment visarjit karnyat aalee. akheris, 6 september 1951 roji jordenla paratalyavar raja talalane abdullacha uttaradhikari mhanoon purn kartavye sweekarli.
vivah aanee mule.
abdullah teen vela vivahabaddha jhaala.
1904 madhye, abdullah yane tyachi pahili patni, musbah bint nasser (1884-15 march 1961) hichyashi, steinia palace, steiny, istanbul, ottoman samrajya yethe vivah keela. tee amir nasir pasha aanee tyachi patni dilbar khanam yanchi mulgi hotee. tyanna teen mule hotih
1913 madhye abdullah yane tyachi dusari patni suzdil khanam hichyashi vivah keela. 16 august 1968), istanbul, turkimadhye. tyanna done mule hotih
1949 madhye, abdullah yane tyachi tisari patni, nahda bint uman hichyashi, jee anglo-egyptian sudanmadhil eka mahila hotee, ammanmadhye lagn kele. tyanna eka mool hoteh

