
william camden

william camden (2 meey 1551-9 november 1623) haah eka ingraji puratatvadnya, itihaskar, sthalalekhak aanee ghoshak hota, jyala 'britania', gret britton aanee irelandchya betanche pahile nrutyalekhan sarvekshan aanee englandchya elizabeth pahilyachya karkirdicha pahila tapshilvar aitihasik ahwal 'analys' yaa pustakacha lekhak mhanoon olakhale jaate.
suruvatichi varshe.
william camdencha janm londonmadhye jhaala. tyache vadil sampson camden heey chitrakar-rangkam karananyanchya upasak companyche sadasya hote. tyane khristachya rugnalayat aanee seent paulchya shalet shikshan ghetale aanee 1566 madhye oxfordmadhye (magdalen college, broadgates holl aanee shevati khrist church) pravesh keela. khraist charchmadhye, too phillip sidnishi parichit jhaala, jyane camdenchya puratan ruchila protsahan dile. 1571 madhye too padvishivay londonla paratala. 1575 madhye, teey westminster shaleche pravartak banale, jyaa padamule tyanna shalechya suttyanmadhye pravas karnyache aanee tyanche puratan sanshodhan suru thevanyache swatantrya midale.
"" "britania".
1577 madhye, abraham aurteliuschya protsahanasah, camdenne tyache mahan karya 'britania' suru kele, jeey sampoorn gret britton aanee irelandche bhaugolik aanee aitihasik sarvekshan aahe. brittenla aanee brittenla tyachya prachinateparyant prachinata punarsanchayit karane" haah tyacha ghoshit hetu hota. lattin bhashet lihileli pahili aavrutti 1586 madhye prakashit jhaali. tee khoop lokpriy tharali aanee 1587,1590,1594,1600 aanee 1607 chya aanakhi paach lattin aavruttyanmadhun gelee, pratyek aavrutti tyachya purvavarti aavrutyanpeksha majkoor aanee chitre yaa donhimadhye mothya pramanat vadhali. 1607 chya aavruttit prathamach khristofar saxton aanee johnn norden yanchya sarvekshananvar aadharit ingraji county nakashancha sampoorn sanch samavisht karnyat aala aanee william kiip aanee william hole (jyanni bareek frontpiece dekhil korala hota) yanni korala hota. phileman hollandne anuvadit keleli pahili ingraji bhashetil aavrutti 1610 madhye prakashit jhaali, jyat camdenne puravalelya kahee atirikt samagricha samavesh hota.
"britania' heey gret britton aanee irelandche county-buy-county varnan aahe. heey swaralekhan karya aaheh eka abhyas joou bhupradesh, bhoogol, puratanta aanee itihasashi sambandhit aahe. itihas lihinyaeivaji, camdenla sadhyachya gret brittonche tapshilvar varnan karayache hote aanee vidyaman bhupradeshat bhootkalatil khuna kasha prakare olakhalya jaau shakatat heey dakhvayache hote. yaa paddhatidvare, tyane roman brittonche pahile susangat chitra tayar kele.
tyanni sahitya gola karane aanee 'britania' madhye sudharana karane aanee tyacha vistar karane ayushyabhar suru thewale. tyane johnn leyland aanee william lambard yanchya prakashit aanee aprakashit kamacha itarambarobarach laabh ghetala aanee samaan swarasya asalelya sanvadadyanchya mothya jaalyachi madat prapt kelee. 1578 madhye purv anglia, 1582 madhye yorkshire aanee lancashire, 1589 madhye devon, 1590 madhye wells, 1596 madhye salisbury, wells aanee auxford aanee 1599 madhye carlisley aanee hadrianchi bhint yanna tyanni bhet dilee. tyanche pratyaksh sanshodhan aanee pratyaksh sanshodhan yanni tyaa kalasathi naveen manke nishchit kelee. yaa kamasathi too velsh aanee june ingraji dekhil shikalah laurence novell heey tyachya junya ingrajitil shikshak hote.
1593 madhye camden westminster shaleche mukhyadhyapak jhaale. tyanni chaar varshe heey padd bhushavale, parantu jevha tyanchi clarensucs raja mhanoon niyukti jhaali tevha teey nighun gele. toparyant, mukhytah 'britania' chya pratishthemule, teey eka suprasiddha aanee aadaraniy vyaktimatva hote aanee hii niyukti tyanna shikshanachya shramanpasun mukt karnyasathi aanee tyanche sanshodhan sulabh karnyasathi hotee. tyaa kalatil shastra mahavidhyalay heey keval vanshavali aanee vanshparamparagat abhyasache kendra navhate, tarr puratan abhyasache kendra dekhil hote. tathapi, yaa niyuktimule ralf brook, york heraldchi matsar vadhali, jyane pratikar mhanoon, camdenver ashuddhata aanee sahityachoricha aarop karat, 'britania' varr hallah prakashit keela. kamachya tyanantarchya aavrutyanmadhye camdenne aaropanviruddha swatacha bachav karnyat yash midavale.
"britania' laa keval englandmadhyech navhe tarr sampoorn european 'republic auph laters' madhye punarujjivan shishyavruttiche eka mahattvache karya mhanoon manyata denyat aalee. camdenne 1586 madheel 'britania' khalchya deshanmadhye chhapanyacha vichar keela aanee jaree teey jhaale nahee, taree 1590 chee tisari aavrutti, tyachya londonchya chhapaivyatirikt, tyach varshi frankfurtmadhye prakashit jhaali aanee 1616 madhye tethe punarmudran karnyat aalee. 1612 madhye spanish chaukashine bhagancha nishedh keela. eka sankshipt lekh 1617 madhye emsterdammadhye prakashit jhaala aanee 1639 madhye tyache punarmudran jhaale; aanee majkurachya aavrutya johnn bleyuchya 'theatrum aurbis terrarum' (1645 madhye emsterdammadhye prakashit) aanee johnn jansoniuschya 'novas atlus' (punha 1646 madhye emsterdammadhye prakashit) madhye dekhil samavisht kelya gelya.
"" "amalat aanato".
1597 madhye, vilyam cecil, pahila barren bergley yane suchavale qee camdenne ranee elizabethchya rajvaticha itihas lihawa. yaa karyavar bergalechya tyanantarchya prabhavache praman aspasht aaheh camdenne keval elizabethchya rajkoshatil shevatchya kulpati saldonche johnn fortesque aanee esexchya sachivanche dusare earl heinry cuff, robbert deverukes yancha srot mhanoon ullekh keela aahe. camdenne 1607 madhye tyache kaam suru kele. 'analys reram anglicarum ett hybernicarum regnant elizabetha', edd ear saluties emm. chaa pahila bhag (1-3 pustake).dii. 1588 paryantchya rajvaticha samavesh asalela 'lxxxix' haah 1615 madhye prakashit jhaala. dusra bhag (pustak 4,1589-1603 samavisht karnare) 1617 madhye purn jhaala, parantu 1625 (leiden aavrutti) aanee 1627 (london aavrutti) paryant prakashit jhaala nahee, camdenchya mrutyunantar. 1-3 pustakanche ingerjit pahile bhashantar 1625 madhye abraham darcy kinwa darcy (sakriy 1625) yanni kele. pustak 4 chey bhashantar thomas braun, cannon auph windser yanni 1629 madhye ingerjit kele.
vruttant' heey satatchya varnanat lihile gele navhate, tarr purvichya vruttantanchya shailit, pratyek varshachya ghatana vegalya nondit dett lihile gele hote. elizabeth aanee james pahila yanchyabaddal khoop anukool vaganuk asalyache mhatale jaat asatana, kadhikadhi teeka kelee jaate, 'enale' heey ingraji itihasalekhanatil mahan karyanpaiki eka aahe aanee elizabethan yugachya nantarchya pratimevar tyacha motha prabhav padala. hugg traver-ropperne tyanchyabaddal mhatleh "camdenmulech aamhi ranee elizabethla nirakaran naan jhalelya sangharshanchya aanee ardhangvayu jhalelya anirnayanchya asansadiy malikeaivaji" madhyamandvare "susangat dhoran deto."
camdenne tyachya aashraydarachya bajoone jaanyasathi tyachya kamat mothya pramanat sudharana kelee aanee swatahvar niyantran thewale. yamadhye adhilikhit keleli prushthe kinwa kagadache tukade chikatalele bhag samavisht hote. yamule shekado pananvaril sensor kelele bhag vachaniy jhaale naheet. 2023 madhye prasarit prakashacha vapar karoon sudharit imaging tantradnyanamule lapalele parichhed vachaniy jhaale, pramukh antardrushti ughad jhaali aanee elizabethchya karkirdiche chitran karnyasathi tichya uttaradhikarisathi anukool asha prakare 'vruttant' jaanunbujun punarlikhit kele gele yachee pushti jhaali. naveen prakatikarananmadhye, vruttantanni nondavale qee elizabethne maran pavalyavar, skotlandchya james sahavyache naav ticha uttaradhikari mhanoon thewale hote. hastalikhit masudyanchya vishleshanatun mrutyushayyeche drushya jameschya uttaradhikarala aadhar denyasathi eka banavat bharr asalyache disun yete. pope payas pachvya yane elizabethla 'gupt cutt' mule bahishkrut kelyache nondavale gele hote; heey moolatah adhik uttejak 'aadhyatmik yuddh' hote aanee teey qamee kele gele hote. elizabeth aanee tichya rajvatiche aadhunik arth lavane sambhavyaritya badalel yaa apekshene naveen sahityacha abhyas keela jaat hota.
"brittenshee sambandhit avashesh".
camdenche 'brittenshee sambandhit' 'eka mahan kalakarache avashesh' haah 'britania' chaa adhik lokpriy sathidar mhanoon gruheet dharalelya aitihasik nibandhancha eka sangrah hota. camdenne ingerjit lihilele heey ekmev pustak hote aanee pahilya aavruttitil (1605) tyachya swatachya dishabhul karananya varnanachya ulat, teey keval eka mothya aanee adhik gambhir kamache (mhanje.eae. "britania"), hastalikhit purava spashtapane soochit karato qee tyane yaa pustakache niyojan agadi aadhi aanee eka vegala prakalp mhanoon kele hote. "avashesh' nantar anek aavrutyanmadhye prakashit jhaale. aar. yanni sampadit keleli manak aadhunik aavrutti. dii. dunn haah chitrapat, tikoon asalelya hastalikhit samagrivar aanee camdenchya aayushyat (1605,1614 aanee 1623) prakashit jhalelya teen aavrutyanvar aadharit aahe. 1623 nantar prakashit jhalelya aavrutya avishvasaniy aahet aanee tyat apramanik sahitya aahe, visheshtah johnn philipot yanni lihileli 1636 chee boddlerised aavrutti. thomas maule yanchi 1870 chee aavrutti, jyapaiki anek pratee shillak aahet, tee philipotchya 1674 chya aavruttivar aadharit aahe.
camdenche avashesh heey bahutekda auxford ingraji shabdakoshatil shabdasathi uddhrut kelele sarvat june kinwa ekmev vapar aahe; aanee tyanantar aanakhi mahattvapoorn prarambhik vapar (naveen shabd aanee purvanishchit shabdansah) olakhale gele aahet. "avashesh' madhye ingraji mhaninchi pahili varnanukramik yadee dekhil aahe, kaaran mhananchya pramukh aadhunik shabdakoshanchya sampadakanni (berton stevenson (1949), emm. pii. tilly (1950) aanee eff. yanni sampadit kelelya 'auxford dictionary auph inglish proverbs' chee tisari aavrutti. pii. willson (1970). yaa pustakat vikhuralelya anek atirikt mhan aahet, jyaa anyatra nondavalya gelelya naheet.
"regis, rejine".
1600 madhye camdenne adnyatpane, "reges, regine, nobils aanee itar, ecclesia collegiata bii. madhye prakashit kele. petri westmonestery sepulty, "westminster mathatil anek thadgyanchi smarke aanee upakhyanansathiche margdarshak pustak. jaree teey thode asale taree, johnn vevharchya 'pracheen antyasanskarachya smarakanchya' tees varshanhun adhik kaal aadhiche heey eka atyant navinyapurn kaam hote. too lokanmadhye lokpriy tharala aanee 1603 aanee 1606 madhye done vistarit aavrutya prakashit jhalya.
itar lekhan.
camdenchya itar kamanmadhye 'institutio greka vyakaran sankalan inn yusam regiye scholey westmonteriensis' (1595) heey greek vyakaran hote, jeey eka shatkahoon adhik kaal pramanit shaley pathyapustak rahile; 'actio inn henricum garnetum, societitatis jesuitica inn anglia superiorem' (1607), aantarrashtriy vachakvargasathichya barudchya katkaryanchya chachaniche lattin bhashantar; mudranavaril aprakashit nibandh; aanee anek lattin kavita.
shevatchi varshe.
1609 madhye camden kentmadhil, aata aagney londonmadhil chisleherst yethe sthayik jhaale. anekada tabyet bighadali asali taree tyanni parishrampurvak kaam karane suru thewale. 1622 madhye tyanni auxford yethe itihasatil eka sampann vyakhyanachi sthapana kelee-jagatil pahili-jee aajahi pracheen itihasatil camden cheear mhanoon suru aahe. tyach varshi tyanna ardhangvayu jhaala. 9 november 1623 roji chisleherst yethe tyanche nidhan jhaale aanee westminster mathat tyanna daphan karnyat aale, jithe 'britania' chee prat dharan kelele camdenche ardh-aakruti asalele tyanche smarak ajunahi dakshin transeptmadhye ('kavincha kopra') disu shakate.
camdenne aapali pustake kapus granthalayache nirmate, tyanche majee vidyarthi aanee mitra surr robbert cotton yanchyakade sodali. tyachya mitramandalat aanee olakhichya lokanmadhye laurd bergley, phulke graville, phillip sidney, edmond spensor, johnn stoe, johnn dii, jacks dii thoo aanee baine johnson yancha samavesh hota, jeey westminstermadhye camdenche vidyarthi hote aanee jyanni 'pratyek manus tyachya vinodat' yachee prarambhik aavrutti tyala samarpit kelee.
varsa.
camdencha 'britania' tyachya mrutyunantar anek varshe eka manak aanee atyant aadaraniy adhikar rahila. hollandchya 1610 chya bhashantarachi eka halki sudharit aavrutti 1637 madhye prakashit jhaali. edmond gibsonne sampadit kelele eka naveen aanee mothya pramanat vistarit bhashantar 1695 madhye prakashit jhaale aanee 1722,1753 aanee 1772 madhye sudharit aavrutyanmadhye punha prakashit kele gele. richard guff yanni 1789 madhye aanakhi eka naveen aanee aanakhi vistarit anuvad prakashit keela, tyanantar 1806 madhye dusari aavrutti. mool prakashanachya 400 vya vardhapan dinanimitt 1986 madhye dilelya bhashanat, george boone yanni tippani kelee qee heey kaam "ajunahi moolbhootpane rangeet aahe jyaa prakare aapan, puratan vastoo mhanoon, aaplya deshakade pahato".
2023 madhye vachaniy jhalelya 'enale' madheel aataparyant lapalele sensored parichhed ranee elizabethchya rajvatiche aadhunik arth lavane lakshaniyaritya badaloo shakatat.
auxford yetheel camdenne pradan keleli itihasatil vyakhyane pracheen itihasat camden cheear mhanoon tikoon aahet. 1877 pasoon teey brasinose mahavidhyalayashi sanlagn aahe aanee 1910 pasoon teey roman itihasapurate maryadit aahe.
camden society, jyala camdenche naav denyat aale aahe, hii prarambhik aitihasik aanee sahityik sahitya prakashit karnyasathi 1838 madhye sthapan jhaleli eka majkoor prakashan sanstha hotee. 1897 madhye teey shahee aitihasik samajat villin jhaale, jeey aata camden malika mhanoon olakhalya jaananya granthanche prakashan karat aahet.
cambridge camden society, jyane camdenvaroon tyache naav dekhil ghetale, hii eka vidwan sanstha hotee jee 1839 madhye cambridge vidyapithatil padvipurv vidyarthyanni gothick vastukalechya abhyasala protsahan denyasathi sthapan kelee hotee. 1845 madhye teey londonla gele, jithe teey charchchya samaj mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale aanee 19 vya shatkatil gothick punarujjivanachya vikasat teey atyant prabhavshali hote.
camdenchya mrutyunantar, chisleherst yetheel tyache purviche ghar camden places mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale. 18 vya shatkat, samanya yachikanche mukhya nyayadhish surr charles pratt aanee nantar laurd chanceller yanni teey vikat ghetale, jyanna 1765 madhye camden placechya barren camden yaa upadhine pirejmadhye badhati denyat aalee. 1786 madhye tyachi earl camden mhanoon nirmiti jhaali aanee 1812 madhye tyacha mulga markes camden jhaala. yaa kutumbachi malki aanee londonchya uttares jameen vikasit jhaali aanee mhanoon, yaa vartulakar margane, william camdenche naav camden shahar aanee londonchya camden prantachya navanvar tikoon aahe.