naisargik sansadhan arthshastra

naisargik sansadhan arthshastra heey pruthvivaril naisargik sansadhanancha puravatha, magani aanee vatap yanchyashi sambandhit aahe. naisargik sansadhan arthshastracha eka mukhya uddesh mhanje arthvyavasthetil naisargik sansadhananchi bhoomika adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghene, jenekarun bhavishyatil pidhyansathi tyanchi upalabdhata sunishchit karnyasathi tyaa sansadhananchya vyavasthapanachya adhik shashvat paddhati vikasit kelya jaatil. shashvat aanee karyaksham arthvyavastha vikasit karnyachya uddishtasaha, sansadhan arthshastradnya aarthik aanee naisargik pranalinmadhil parasparsanvadacha abhyas karatat.
charchechi kshetre.
naisargik sansadhan arthshastra heey arthshastratil shaikshanik sanshodhanache eka aantarshakhiy kshetra aahe jyache uddisht manvi arthvyavastha aanee naisargik parisanstha yanchyatil sambandh aanee parasparavalamban yavar laksh kendrit karane heey aahe. pruthvichya naisargik sansadhananchya paryavaraniy maryadanmadhye arthvyavastha kashee chalvayachi yavar tyache laksh kendrit aahe. sansadhan arthshastra heey pruthvi vidnyan, manvi arthshastra aanee naisargik parisansthanchya vyapak kshetranshi sambandhit naisargik aanee samajik vidnyanatil vividh vishayanna ekatra aanate aanee jodate. naisargik sansadhananchya guntavanukichi vishesh vaishishtye samavoon ghenyasathi aarthik pratimanshi julavun ghene aavashyak aahe. naisargik sansadhan arthshastrachya paramparik abhyaskramat matsyavyavasay models, vanikaran models aanee khanij nishkarshan models (i.eae. maase, zaade aanee dhatoo). tathapi, alikadchya varshant, itar sansadhane, visheshtah havah, paanee, jaagtik hawaman aanee sarvasadharanpane "paryavaraniy sansadhane" dhoran nirmitisathi adhikadhik mahattvachi jhaali aahet.
shaikshanik aanee dhoranatmak hitsambandh aata itar uddishtansathi vyavasthapanacha samavesh karnyasathi sansadhananchya manak trikonachya keval ishtatam vyavsayik vaparachya palikade gele aahet. udaharanarth, naisargik sansadhananni manoranjak tasech vyavsayik mulyanchi adhik vyapakpane vyakhya kelee aahe. teey keval tyanchya astitvachya aadhare, ekoon samajik kalyan staravarhi yogdan deu shakatat.
arthshastra aanee dhoran kshetra paryavaraniy samasyanchya manvi pailoonvar laksh kendrit karate. paryavaraniy aanee naisargik sansadhan arthshastrachya paramparik kshetranmadhye kalyankari siddhant, jameen/sthan vapar, pradushan niyantran, sansadhan nishkarshan aanee bigger-bajar moolyankan aanee sansadhananchi paripoornata, shashvatata, paryavaran vyavasthapan aanee paryavaran dhoran yancha samavesh hoto. sanshodhan vishayanmadhye shetiche paryavaraniy parinam, vahtook aanee shaharikaran, garib aanee audhyogik deshanmadhil jaminicha vapar, aantarrashtriy vyapar aanee paryavaran, hawaman badal aanee bigger-bajar mulyankanatil paddhatshir pragati yancha samavesh asoo shakato.
hottlingcha niyam haah 1938 saalee harrold hotlingdware naan karata yenyajoga sansadhan vyavasthapanacha aarthik namuna aahe. heey darshavate qee, naan karata yenyajogya aanee vaadh naan karata yenyajogya sansadhananchya karyaksham vaparamule, anyatha sthir aarthik paristhitit, sansadhananchi kamatarata nirman hoil. niyam sangato qee yamule nivval kimmat kinwa "hottel bhadyane" milel, jeey varshikpane vyajdarachya barobarine vadhate, jeey sansadhananchi vadhati kamatarata darshavate. ajaivik padarthanchi vaadh naan karata yenari sansadhane (i.eae. khanije) asamanya aahet; bahutek sansadhane punarvaparadvare aanee antim-vapar utpadanansathi paryayi padarthanche astitva aanee vaparadvare vadhavali jaau shakatat (khalee pahaa).
khanij sansadhanancha vikas paach tappyanmadhye hotoh (1) sadhyacha parichalan margine (utpadan darr) haah aadhich qamee jhalelya rakheev (sansadhan) pramanadvare niyantrit keela jaato. (2) vadhati aavashyak guntavanuk aanee mahasulachi jalad prapti yanchyatil devanghevanidware niyantrit gahan vikas margine. (3) dnyat parantu purvichya aarthik nasalelya thevinche mothya pramanat utkhanan suru hote. (4) jyaa shodhat naveen thevi (sansadhane) shodhalya jaatat aanee kadhalelya prati unitcha kharch atyant anishchit asato, tyat vaparnyayogya sansadhane (thevi) shodhanyat apayashachi kimmat santulit karavi lagate, jyacha nishkarshanacha kirkol kharch vareel pahilya teen tappyanpeksha jaast nasato. (5) pahilya chaar tappyanshi sanvad sadhanare tantradnyan. grey-hotelling (thakwa) siddhant heey eka vishesh prakaran aahe, kaaran tyat keval 1-3 tappe samavisht aahet aanee tyapeksha jaast mahatvache tappe 4 aanee 5 naheet.
saymanne mhatale aahe qee naisargik sansadhanancha puravatha anant aahe (i.eae. shashvat) 
pudhil vibhagat sansadhananshi sambandhit vishayancha sakhol vichar karoon kinwa kiman kamitakami vichar karoon yaa parasparvirodhi matanmadhye lakshaniyaritya samet keela jaeel.
yavyatirikt, hartwickcha niyam, nutanikaran naan karata yenyajogya sansadhanancha vapar nirman arthvyavasthet kalyanachya shashvatatebaddal antardrushti pradan karato.
shashvat sansadhane viruddha. thakwa.
parshvabhoomi aanee parichay.
shashvat sansadhan sankalpana hii eka guntaguntichi sankalpana aahe kaaran sansadhananchi sankalpana guntaguntichi aahe aanee naveen tantradnyanachya aagamanane (sahasa adhik karyaksham punarprapti), naveen garja aanee naveen arthshastrasaha (udaa.jee. sahityachya kimmatinmadhil badal, urja kharchatil badal ii.). ekikade, ekhadi samagri (aanee tichi sansadhane) tanchaichya kalat pravesh karoo shakate aanee eka dhoranatmak aanee gambhir samagri (tatkal sampanyache sankat) banoo shakate, parantu dusarikade ekhadi samagri vaparatoon jaau shakate, jarr tee purvi nasel tarr tichi sansadhane shashvat houu shakatat aanee nantar jevha samagri jawaljawal purnapane vaparatoon nighun jaate tevha tee sansadhane eka paleoresaurs banoo shakatat (udaa.jee. baana-tall-shrenichya flintchi sansadhane). samgrichya sansadhananvar parinam nirman kahee guntaguntinmadhye punarvaparyogyatechi vyapti, tyachya antim-vapar utpadananmadhil samagrisathi yogya paryayanchi upalabdhata aanee itar kahee qamee mahatvache ghatak yancha samavesh hoto.
7 december 1941 roji federal sarkarla achanak sansadhananchya samasyanmadhye prachand rus vatoo lagla, jyanantar thodyach velat japanane yu. ess. madhye kapat kelee.ess. tiin aanee rabarmadhun kadhoon takane aanee tungstensarkhe itar kahee sahitya tayar karane, midvane khoop katheen hote. sansadhananchya upalabdhatesathi hii sarvat white sthitee hotee, jee eka dhoranatmak aanee mahattvapoorn samagri bunley. yuddhanantar dhoranatmak aanee mahattvapoorn samagricha sarkari satha ubharanyat aala, jyamadhye sumare 100 vegvegalya samagri hotya jyaa rokh rakmesathi kharedi kelya gelya kinwa yu. ess. chya madhyamatoon vyapar karoon midavalya gelya.ess. tyanchyasathi krishi vastoo. dirghkalasathi, tinchya kamataratemule nantar tinchya foilsathi aluminium foil aanee polymer reshet asalelya steelchya dabyachya jaagi aleuminium foil aanee tinchya electroplated steelchya dabyachya jaagi aseptic packaging sthan ghetale gele.
tantradnyan aanee arthshastranusar sansadhananmadhye kalantarane badal hotat; adhik karyaksham punarpraptimule aavashyak asalelya dhatoo shreneet ghat hote. prakriya kelelya tambyachya dhatuchi sarasari shreni 1900 madheel 4 takke tambyavarun 1920 madhye 1.63%, 1940 madhye 1.20%, 1960 madhye 0.73%, 1980 madhye 0.47% aanee 2000 madhye 0.44% paryant ghasarali aahe.
1960 madhye belgian kongola (kobaltacha jagatil ekmev mahattvacha srot) ghaighaine swatantrya midalyapasun aanee cobalt utpadak prant katanga mhanoon vibhakt jhalyapasun, tyanantar anek yuddhe aanee bandkhori, sthanik sarkar hatvane, railwaymarg nasht karane aanee rashtriyikaran jhalyapasun kobaltala purvathyachya sthitimadhye hote. 1978 madhye katangan bandkhoranni prantavar kelelya aakramanamule puravatha aanee vahtook viskalit jhaali aanee kobaltachi kimmat kahee kalasathi tippat jhaali. kobaltacha puravatha viskalit jhaala aanee kimmati vadhalya, nickel aanee itar paryayi vastoo sevet aananyat aalya.
yanantar, soviet sanghane 'sansadhan yuddh' karanyachi kalpana lokpriy jhaali. zairian cobalt paristhitimule udbhavalelya gondhalache niyojan karnyaivaji, heey niyojan kele jaeel, soviet gatabaheril aarthik kriyakalap nasht karnyasathi bigger-aarthik madhyamandvare (lashkari?) soviet gatabaher (tisare jug?), nantar hii khanije pashchimekadun rokhoon dharatat.
cobalt paristhiti kinwa "sansadhan yuddh" paristhiticha samna karnyacha eka mahattvacha marg mhanje samgrichya antim vaparat paryayancha vapar karane. samadhankarak paryayasathiche kahee nikash mhanje (1) lagopathchya deshankadun kinwa kadachit paradeshi mitrapakshankadun puresha pramanat kinwa upalabdhatemadhye deshantargat upalabdh asane, (2) bhautik aanee rasayanik gunadharm, karyakshamta aanee pahilya pasantichya sahityashi tulana karata dirghayushya asane, (3) supratishthit aanee dnyat vartan aanee gunadharm, visheshtah videshi mishradhatunmadhil ghatak mhanoon, aanee (4) vidyaman tantradnyan, bhandavali prakalp aanee prakriya aanee banavat suvidhanmadhye kiman badalansah prakriya aanee nirmitichi kshamata. kahee suchavalelya paryayanmadhye alumina tayar karnyasathi boxitesathi aleunite, kobaltasathi molybdenum aanee/kinwa nickel aanee tambe mishra dhatoo automobile radiatorsathi aluminium mishra dhatoo automobile radiator hote. sahitya heey bhautik paryayanshivay kadhoon takale jaau shakate, udaharanarth, purvi khanij apgharshakanni aakar dilelya katheen vastoonna aakar denyasathi uchch taana vijechya utsarjanacha vapar karoon, qamee kharchat utkrusht kamgiri deuun kinwa tambyachya taranchya (jaminichya resha) jaagi sanganak/upgrah vaparoon.
jaree eka vishisht prakarchya graphitechi jaaga jawaljawal punarnavinikaran kelelya utpadane gheu shakatat, taree sansadhananchi jaaga ghenyacha eka mahattvacha marg mhanje sanshleshan, udaharanarth, audhyogik hire aanee anek prakarche graphite. bahutek graphite krutrim asatat, udaharanarth, graphite electrodes, graphite fiber, graphite aakar (yantra kinwa machine nasalele) aanee graphite powder.
sansadhananchi jaaga ghenyacha kinwa tyacha vistar karnyacha dusra marg mhanje bhangar kinwa kinwa ichchit asalelya samagricha punarvapar karane. heey samagri nasht jhaali aahe qee nahee kinwa yapudhe vaparnyayogya tikau utpadan mhanoon upalabdh aahe yavar avalambun aahe. tikau utpadanachi punarprapti rasayanik aanee bhautik vighatan, upalabdh praman, upalabdhatechi kimmat aanee mool utpadanatun nishkarshan karnyachya sulbhatevaril pratikaravar avalambun asate. udaharanarth, potachya aushadhanmadhye bismuth nirashajanakpane vikhurlela (nasht jhalela) asato aanee tyamule punarprapt karane ashakya asate, tarr bismuth mishradhatu sahajpane punarprapt kele jaau shakatat aanee punarvapar kele jaau shakatat. eka changle udaharan jethe punarvaparamule motha farak padato teey mhanje graphitesathi sansadhananchi upalabdhata, jithe kish navachya akshay sansadhanatun flake graphite punarprapt kele jaau shakate, jevha carbon kishmadhye graphite mhanoon vitalalelya dhatupasoon slags carbon vegale hoto tevha tayar honara steel banavanyacha kachara. kish thund jhalyavar tyavar prakriya kelee jaau shakate.
itar anek prakarchi sansadhane aanane aavashyak aahe. paryay aanee/kinwa punarvaparadvare qamee kelyashivay, dhoranatmak aanee gambhir sahitya heey sansadhanansathi sarvat white asalyas, eka uttam mhanje mubalak sansadhan. vipul strot mhanje jyachya samagricha aataparyant farsa upayog jhalela nahee, jase qee uchch-aluminium maatee kinwa anorthocyte vapar karoon alumina tayar karane aanee samudratil panyatoon magneshiyam midvanyapurvi. vipul sansadhan heey shashvat sansadhanasarkhech asate. rakheev aadhar haah olakhalya gelelya sansadhanancha eka bhag aahe jyamadhye sadhya siddha tantradnyan aanee sadhyache arthshastra karyarat asatana tyapalikade aarthikdrushtya upalabdh honyachi vajvi kshamata aahe. olakhali geleli sansadhane mhanje jyanche sthan, shreni, gunavatta aanee praman vishisht bhoogarbhiy puravyanvarun dnyat kinwa andajit kele jaate. rakheev nidhi haah rakheev nidhicha too bhag aahe joou nishchit karnyachya velee aarthikdrushtya kadhala jaau shakato; rakheev nidhi sansadhanansathi surrogate mhanoon vaparla jaau naye kaaran curr aakarani kinwa malkichya companychya jansampark garjanmule too anekada vikrut keela jaato.
sarvasamaveshak naisargik sansadhan model.
harrison braun aanee tyanchya tyanchya sangitale qee manavjat khalchya aanee khalchya darjachya 'dhatoo' varr prakriya karel. loh nirmitimadhye kachchya khadkasarkhya qamee darjachya loh-vahak samagritoon loh yeil, jeey aaj uttar americet aanee itaratra taconite golya tayar karnyasathi vaparlya vaparlya inputpeksha farse vegale nahee. coking kolasa satha qamee hott asalyane, pig iyern aanee polad utpadanamadhye kook-vaparashivaychya prakriyancha vapar keela jaeel (i.eae. vidyut steel). aluminium udyog boxitechya vaparapasoon unerthosit aanee chikanmatichya vaparakade valoo shakato. magneshiyam dhatoo aanee magnesiacha vapar (i.eae. sadhya sagari panyatoon panyatoon apavartananmadhye) vaadh hoil. sulfur pyritespasoon, nantar gypsum kinwa enhydritepasoon prapt hoil. tambe, zink, nickel aanee shise yasarkhe dhatoo manganese gathee kinwa phosphoria nirmitipasoon (ess. aay. see.) prapt kele jaatil.). heey badal jagachya vegvegalya bhaganmadhye aniyamitpane ghadu shakatat. europe aanee uttar america aluminiumsathi kachcha maal mhanoon unerthosit kinwa chikanmati vaparu shakatat, tarr jagachya itar bhaganmadhye boxitecha vapar keela jaau shakato aanee uttar america taconitecha vapar karoo shakate, tarr brazilmadhye loh dhatucha vapar keela jaau shakato. naveen sahitya disel (teepah tyanchyakade aahe), tantrik pragaticha parinam, kahee paryay mhanoon kaam karatat aanee kahee naveen gunadharmansah. punarvapar adhik samanya aanee adhik karyaksham hoil (teepah teey jhaale aahe!). shevati, khanije aanee dhatoo 'sarasari' khadkavar prakriya karoon prapt kele jaatil. 100 tunn "sarasari" agnishil asalelya khadakamule aath tunn aluminium, paach tunn loh aanee 0.6 tunn titaniumche utpadan hoil.
crustle pradirghata deta aanee mcellevychya rakheev-vipulata sambandhavar aadharit yuu. ess. jee. ess. model, pruthvichya bhuprushthatil (jagbharat) aanee yuu.ess. kavach. sadhya punarprapt karnyayogya (sadhyache tantradnyan, arthvyavastha) sansadhane jee mckellevy sambandhanchya sarvat jawal yetat tee mhanje tambe, jast, shise, chandi, sone aanee molybdenum yasarkhi sansadhane jee sarvat jaast kalapasoon shodhat aahet. mckellevy sambandhanche palan naan karnare dhatoo heey upautpann (pramukh dhatunche) aahet kinwa alikadeparyant arthvyavasthesathi mahattvapoorn naheet (titanium, aluminium qamee pramanat). bismuth heey upautpadak dhatuche eka udaharan aahe jeey sambandhanche changle palan karat nahee; paschim yuu madheel 3 takke shiseche sathe.ess. tyat keval 100 ppm bismuth asel, spashtapane bismuth rakhivsathi khoop qamee darjache. jaagtik punarpraptiyogya sansadhan kshamata tambyasathi 2120 dashalaksh tunn, nikelsathi 2590 dashalaksh tunn, zinksathi 3400 dashalaksh tunn, aluminiumsathi 3519 abj tunn aanee lohasathi 2035 abj tunn aahe.
vividh lekhakanche aanakhi yogdan aahe. kahijananna vatate qee paryayanchi sankhya jawaljawal anant aahe, visheshtah rasayanik udhyogatoon naveen samgrichya pravahamule; samaan antim utpadane vegvegalya samgripasoon aanee suruvatichya bindunpasoon tayar kelee jaau shakatat. plastic heey changle vidyut vahak asoo shakatat. serve sahitya saiddhantikdrushtya havey tyapeksha 100 putt kamkuvat asalyane, visthapan kshetra kadhoon takane aanee tyanna mothya pramanat majboot karane shakya asale pahije, jyamule qamee pramanat vapar karata yeil. thodakyat, "khaan" kampanyankade adhikadhik vaividhyapurn utpadane asateel, jaagtik arthvyavastha sahityapasun sevankade sarkat aahe aanee loksankhya samtol hott asalyache disate, yaa sarvancha arth samgrichya maganit vaadh qamee hone aahe; bahutek sahitya kahee pramanat asamanya khadakanmadhun punarprapt kele jaeel, dilelya operationmadhun barech sahautpadan aanee upautpadan asateel aanee khanije aanee samagricha adhik vyapar hoil.
shashvat sansadhanankade cull.
aamulagra naveen tantradnyanamule samagri aanee khanije jagavar adhikadhik prabhavipane parinam hott asalyane, vaparlelya samgrimadhye shashvat sansadhane asanyachi shakyata adhikadhik asate. aadhich adhikadhik sahitya aahe jyat shashvat sansadhane aahet aanee qamee aanee qamee sahitya aahe jyat nutanikaran naan karata yenari sansadhane aahet kinwa dhoranatmak aanee mahattvapoorn sahitya aahe. meeth, dagad, magneshiyam aanee samanya chikanmati yasarkhya shashvat sansadhanansah kahee samagricha yapurvi ullekh karnyat aala hota. naveen tantradnyanamule, krutrim krutrim shashvat sansadhananchya yadeet samavesh karnyat aala, kaaran teey carbonchya carbonchya prakarchya gathitoon sahajpane tayar kele jaau shakatat. krutrim graphite, petroleum kook kinwa kapad fibersarkhya carbon purvavartinpasun mothya pramanat (graphite electrodes, graphite fiber) tayar kele jaate. liquid metal technologys, ink. navachi eka company. sphatik anoo sanrachanetil antarnihit kamkuvatpanamule tayar kamgirichya maryadanvar maat nirman tantrasah samgrimadhil visthapan kadhoon taknyacha vapar aahe. teey anakar dhatuche mishradhatu tayar karate, jeey garam dhatoo ghatt jhalyavar yadruchchik anoo rachana rakhoon thevatat, samanyatah garam dhatoo ghatt jhalyavar tayar tayar sfatikeey anoo sanrachaneaivaji (visthapanasah). yaa anakar mishradhatunmadhye nehmipeksha barech changle karyapradarshan gunadharm aahet; udaharanarth, tyanche gyrconium-titanium drav dhatoo mishradhatu manak titanium mishradhatupeksha 250% adhik majboot aahet. drav dhatoo mishradhatu anek uchch karyakshamatechya mishradhatunchi jaaga gheu shakatat.
gelya pannas varshant samudrachya talachya shodhat anek thikani manganese gathee aanee phosphet gathee aadhalalya. agadi alikade, bahuvidh dhatoo sulfideche sathe sapadale aahet aanee sadhya 'kaale dhoomrapan निर्माणं' kadoon bahuvidh dhatoo sulphide 'kalya chikhal' jamaa kele jaat aahet, 1978 chya kobaltchya kamataratechya paristhitimadhye aata eka naveen paryay aaheh teey manganese gathitoon punarprapt qaraa. eka corian company 2010 madhye manganese nodule punarprapti operation vikasit karanyachi yojana aakhat aahe; punarprapt manganese nodules sarasari 27 teey 30 takke manganese, 1.25% teey 1.5 takke nickel, 1 teey 1.4 takke tambe aanee 0.00 teey 0.25% cobalt (vyavsayik shreni) nautilus khanije limited. kahee sadhyachya tantradnyanala naveen paddhatine ektrit nirman panyakhalil vacuum kleenarsarkhya upkaranacha vapar karoon mothya samudrachya talashi asalelya polymetallic sulphidechya sathyanmadhun sarasari 29.9% zink, 2.3% shise aanee 0.5% tambe ashee vyavsayik darjachi samagri punarprapt karanyachi yojana aahe. notilsasobat take cominco limitedchi bhagidari aahe. aanee anglo-american limited., jagatil aaghadichya aantarrashtriy kampanya.
itar yantramanav khaan tantra dekhil aahet jeey mahasagarachya khalee lagoo kele jaau shakatat. reo tinto upgrah jodyancha vapar karat aahe, jyamule 1500 kilometer durchya kamgaranna drilling rigg chalavata yetat, maal vahoon gheta yeto, dhatoo khodata yeto aanee conveyor beltwar takata yeto aanee tyanantar dagad aanee maticha sphot karnyasathi sphotake thevata yetat. asha prakare company kamgaranna dhokyapasun door thevu shakate aanee qamee kamgarancha vapar dekhil karoo shakate. asha tantradnyanamule kharch qamee hoto aanee dhatoo sathyatil dhatoo samgrimadhye ghat hote. asha prakare aparamparik strotankadun vividh khanije aanee dhatoo mothya pramanat upalabdh asalelya sansadhanansah upalabdh aahet.
shevati, shashvat sansadhan mhanje kaay? shashvat sansadhananchi aii. ess. tii. emm. vyakhya mhanje "manvi velechya pramanat aksharshah akshay aahe". dilelya udaharananmadhye saur urja, bharati urja aanee pawan urja yancha samavesh aahe, jyat meeth, dagad, magneshiyam, hire aanee varr namood kelelya itar samagricha samavesh keela pahije. shashvatatechya jaivbhautikiy pailoonvaril abhyasat vivekpurn prathecha niyam samore aala qee shashvatata sadhya karnyasathi kinwa shashvat sansadhan honyasathi kinwa tyahoon white paristhitisathi, 350 varshe, sansadhanancha satha 700 varshe tikala pahije.
jarr 700 kinwa tyahoon adhik varshe tikanari sampatti shashvat asel, tarr 350 teey 700 varshe tikanari sampatti vipul sansadhan mhanoon olakhali jaau shakate aanee tee yethe paribhashit kelee aahe. tyachya sansadhananmadhun samagri kitee kaal punarprapt kelee jaau shakate heey manvi garaj aanee utpadanachya jivanchakratun nishkarshanapasun antim vilhewat lavnyaparyantchya tantradnyanatil badal, tasech samagrichi punarvaparakshamata aanee samadhankarak paryayanchi upalabdhata yavar avalambun asate. visheshtah, heey darshavite qee joparyant heey ghatak kamkuvat hott naheet aanee parinam karat nahee toparyant thakwa yet naheeh paryayanchi upalabdhata, punarvapar aanee tyachi vyavharyata, antim grahak utpadanache adhik karyaksham utpadan, adhik tikau aanee dirghakalin grahak utpadane aanee itar anek ghatak.
sansadhan margdarshak-adyayavat tarkhela sansadhananchi sarvat alikadil mahitee aanee sansadhananchya prakarambaddalache margadarshan samavisht kele aahe, jyancha vichar keela jaane aavashyak aahe. 
sankramanah shashvat sansadhane aanee purajiv sansadhananmadhye.
shashvat sansadhane puralekh srot mhanoon sankraman karoo shakatat. paleoresaurs mhanje jyachyapasun kadhalelya samagrichi magani qamee kinwa nahee; eka aprachalit samagri, manavanna aata tyachi garaj nahee. abhijat paleoresaurs haah baana-tall-shrenicha chakakicha srot aahe; aata konihi chakakiche baana kinwa bhala tayar karat nahee-bhangar poladacha dhardar tukada tayar karane aanee tyacha vapar karane khoop sope aahe. aprachalit utpadananmadhye vaidyakeey tantradnyanatil tinche dabe, tiin foil, shaletil slate blackboard aanee radium yancha samavesh hoto. kiranotsarg upcharanmadhye radiumchi jaaga khoopach swast cobalt-60 aanee itar radioisotopene ghetali aahe. kebal cover mhanoon naun-corroding leedchi jaaga plasticne ghetali aahe.
pensylvania anthracite hii aanakhi eka samagri aahe jithe aprachalit honyachya aanee paleoresaurs bananyachya dishene cull sankhyikiyadrushtya darshavila jaau shakato. hote anthracyteche utpadan 7 kotee 44 laakh tunn, tunn 49 kotee 80 laakh tunn, kilo 13 kotee 50 laakh tunn, tunn 43 laakh tunn aanee aanee 15 laakh tunn hote. hote prati vyakti 84 kilo, kilo 7.1 kilo aanee aanee 0.8 kilo itaki prati vyakti vaparali jaat hotee. yachee tulana 18.6 abj tunchya yuu. ess. jee. anthracite sathyanshi aanee 79 abj tunchya ekoon sansadhananshi qaraa; anthracytechi magani itaki qamee jhaali aahe qee hii sansadhane kayamsvarupipeksha jaast aahet.
anthracite sansadhane aataparyant shashvat sansadhananchya shreneet asalyane aanee anthracytechi magani aataparyant qamee jhaali asalyane, anthracite haah paleoresaurs kassa banoo shakato heey pahane shakya aahe qaa? bahudha grahak satat gayab hott asalyamule (mhanje.eae. jaaga garam karnyasathi itar prakarchya urjemadhye rupantarit), anthracite kolasa vikrete mhanoon puravatha jaalyache ksheen hone kharch bharoon kadhanyasathi aanee bund karnyasathi puresa vyavasay thevu shakat nahee aanee kharch bharoon kadhanyasathi khoop qamee pramanat asalelya khanee dekhil bund hotat. hii paraspar balkat karnari prakriya aaheh grahak qamee pradushan aanee carbon dioxide nirman nirman swachchh urjechya itar prakaranmadhye rupantarit hotat, tyanantar kharch bharoon kadhanyasathi vikriche purese praman naslyamule kolasa vikretyala bund karave lagate. kolasa vikretyachya itar grahakanna, tyanna jawalcha dusra kolasa vikreta sapadat nasel, toparyant dharmantar karnyas bhag padale jaate. shevati, anthracite khaan bund hote kaaran tichyakade tyacha kharch bhagavanyasathi pureshi vikrichi matra nasate.

