
buub.

buub, kinwa buub, heey lattin-lipi varnamaleche dusare akshar aahe, jeey aadhunik ingraji varnamalet, itar paschim european bhashanchya varnamalanmadhye aanee jagbharatil itaranmadhye vaparale jaate. tyache ingraji naav 'madhmashi' (uchchar), bahuvachan 'madhmashi' aahe. ingrajisah anek bhashanmadhye aavaj asalelya dwaibhashik thambyache teey pratinidhitva karate. itar kahee bhashanmadhye, itar dwaimasik vyanjananche pratinidhitva karnyasathi yacha vapar keela jaato.
itihas.
roman greek rajdhani beeta pasoon tyachya etruscan aanee cumen prakarandware vyutpann jhaala aahe. greek akshar heey phoenician akshar betche rupantar hote. / b/yaa vyanjanasathi egyptian chitralipit paay aanee vasarachi pratima hotee, parantu bett ('ghar' sathee phoenician) haah proto-synatic gliffcha sudharit prakar hota, joou vegalya chitralipit rupantarit keela gela hota, jyacha arth 'ghar' assa hoto. hibru akshar baji haah phoenician patracha eka vegala vikas aahe.
byzantine kalaparyant, greek akshar/v/asey uchcharale jaau lagale, tyamule teey aadhunik greekmadhye "vita" (ajunahi lihilele) mhanoon olakhale jaate. cyrillic akshar vhee samaan dhwani darshavate, mhanoon 'bii' mhanoon olakhale jaanare sudharit swaroop '/bii/' slavic bhashanche pratinidhitva karnyasathi vikasit kele gele. (aadhunik greekmadhye aavaj kelelya dwaiteey plosivesathi aksharacha abhav kayam aahe aanee teey 'mp' yaa degraph/vyanjan samooh vaparoon itar bhashanmadhil asha dhvaninche lipyantaran karatat.)
june ingraji moolatah runsmadhye lihile jaat hote, jyache samatulya akshar beark hote, jyacha arth 'berch' assa hoto. beark kiman dusya shatkatil jyeshth footharkcha aahe, joou aata thet kinwa lattindware junya itallic varnamalanmadhun aala aahe asey manale jaate.
gregorian aanee ayrish mohimandware sadar kelele uncial aanee ardh-uncial haloohaloo 'insular script' madhye vikasit jhaale. yaa junya ingraji lattin varnamalanni purvichya runschee jaaga ghetali, jyancha vapar 11 vya shatkachya suruvatila king canootchya kalat purnapane pratibandhit karnyat aala hota. norman vijayamule carolingian ardh-jaatiy prakar lokpriy jhaale jeey nantarche kaala aksharat vikasit jhaale. 1300 chya sumaras, akshar prakaran adhikadhik vegale kele jaat hote, jyat mothe aanee lahan akshar buub vegale arth ghet hote. 15 vya shatkat chhapaichya aagmananantar, pavitra roman samrajya (germany) aanee scandinaviane kalya aksharachya prakarancha (visheshtah fractoor) vapar karane suru thewale, tarr englandne akheris roman shilalekh aanee carolingian granthanchya sanyogatoon punarujjivan italimadhye vikasit jhalelya manavtavadi aanee puratan lipi swikarlya. ingraji cursive bii chey sadhyache prakar 17 vya shatkaparyant vikasit karnyat aale.
lekhan paddhatinmadhye vapara.
ingraji.
ingrajimadhye, 'bib' pramane, aavaj dilela dvivarshik viram darshavito. ingerjit, too kadhikadhi shant asato. heey visheshtah 'lamb' aanee 'bomb' yasarkhya shabdanmadhye hote, jyapaiki kahinna moolatah aii/bii/aavaj hota, tarr kahinna akshar sadrushyane jodale gele hote (ingraji vyanjan samoohancha dhvanyatmak itihas pahaa). shabdanna tyanchya lattin mool shabdansarkhe ("debitum", "dubito", "subtillis") banavanyachya uddeshane 16 vya shatkat vyutpattishastriy shabdalekhan mhanoon "karj", "shanka", "sookshm" aanee sambandhit shabd jodale gele.
grimchya kayadyachya adheen asalelya dhwaninpaiki eka mhanje/bii/, ingraji aanee itar german bhashanmadhye asalele shabd itar indo-european bhashanmadhye, kinwa tyaeivaji, tyanche sandnyanatmak shabd disu shakatat. udaharanarth, 'bhau' yaa shabdachya vividh sandnyanchi tulana qaraa. ingraji bhashet (v, k, j, x, q aanee z nantar) sarvat qamee vaparale jaanare heey satve akshar aahe, jyachi varanvarta sumare 1.5% aahe.
itar bhasha.
ingraji vyatirikt itar anek bhasha aavaj asalelya dvibhashik thambyache pratinidhitva karnyasathi vapartat.
estonian, danish, farroise, icelandic, scottish gelic aanee manderine chiinii pinayinmadhye, aavaj dilela vyanjan darshavat nahee. tyaeivaji, teey eka aavajahin pratinidhitva karate jeey ektar jaminited (estonianmadhye) kinwa espirated (danish, faroes, icelandic, scottish gelic aanee pinayinmadhye) dware pratinidhitva kele jaate. fijimadhye prenasalizedche pratinidhitva karate, tarr zulu aanee zosa madhye teey implosive pratinidhitva karate, jeey darshavina degraphchya ulat aahe. finish keval karj ghetalelya shabdanmadhye vaparte.
dhvanyatmak pratilekhan.
aantarrashtriy dhvanyatmak varnamalemadhye, [buub] haah aavaj asalelya dvivarshik thamba phoneche pratinidhitva karnyasathi vaparla jaato. vishisht bhashansathi dhvanyatmak pratilekhan pranalinmadhye,/bii/chaa vapar, aavashyakpane aavaj naan deta, eka lenis dhwani darshavinyasathi keela jaau shakato, joou fortis/pii/(jyachi aakanksha, taana kinwa kalavadhi jaast asoo shakato) yachyashi virodhabhas darshavato.
itar upayog.
buub hii eka sangeet swaradekheel aahe. ingraji bhashik deshanmadhye, see varr bandhalelya rangeet scalechi 12 vee note seeche pratinidhitva karate. madhya europe aanee scandinaviamadhye, 'buub' haah shabd 'buub-sapat' darshavinyasathi vaparla jaato aanee varnasankar scalechya 12vya swarala 'etch' darshavile jaate. buub', 'buub quadratum' (varg buub,) aanee 'buub rotandam' (goal buub,) yaa pracheen rupancha vapar sangeet sanketankamadhye anukrame 'naisargik' aanee 'sapat' chee chinhe mhanoon keela jaato.
kararbaddha (shreni 2) ingraji brailmadhye, 'buub' mhanje 'pann' jevha vilgikaranat asate.
sanganak vidnyanat, buub heey mahitee sathavanukiche eka ekak, biteche prateek aahe.
abhiyantrikimadhye, bii heey pataliche ekak, belche prateek aahe.
rasayanshastrat, buub heey boron yaa rasayanik ghatakache prateek aahe.
2010 madhye unicode 6 madhye rakt-prakar bii imoji (<unk>) jodanyat aala aanee 2018 madhye eka lokpriy internet meem banala jithe aksharanchya jaagi imojicha vapar keela jaeel.
code points.
vividh pranalinmadhil patranchya swarupansathi heey sanket bindu aahet
sankhya mhanoon vapara.
shatkoniy (aadhar 16) kramankan pranalimadhye, buub hii eka sankhya aahe jee dashansh (aadhar 10) mojaneet 11 kramankashi sambandhit aahe.