prakriya kranticha marg

procejo revolutionario emm curso (purv) (ingrajih "chaloo krantikari prakriya") haah portugijanchya lokshahitil sankramanacha kaal hota, joou 11 march 1975 roji ujavya vicharsaranichya apayashi uthavanantar suru jhaala aanee 25 november 1975 roji ayashasvi davya vicharsaranichya uthavanantar sampala. haah door-davya rajkaranatil, kamgar chalvalipasun prerit kaal rajkiy asthirata, ujavya vicharsaranicha aanee davya vicharsaranicha hinsachar, asthirata, companyanche rashtriyikaran aanee jabardastine kabja aanee khajgi jamini japtine chinhankit keela gela.
parshvabhoomi.
1974 paryant portugalchya jee. dii. pii. chaa ardha aanee bahusankhya sashastr dall portugalchya teen african vasahatinmadhye yuddhat guntalele hote. 1960 chya dashakat itar europeey shaktinni tyanchya purvichya african vasahatinna swatantrya dile hote, tarr portugij hukumshaha antonio salajar yane swatantryacha paryay swikaranyasahi nakar deela hota. 16 vya shatkat portugijanni pahilyanda tabyat ghetalelya gova prantachya vasahatvadala tyanni yapurvi virodh keela hota, parantu 1961 madhye bharatiy sainyane kooch karoon haah prant bharatat samavisht keela tevha hastakshep karnyas asamarth hote. salzarne bharatiy karvaiviruddha sanyukt rashtranna aavahan karnyache asamanya paul uchalale parantu tyapasoon door rahile (gova aakraman pahaa). 1968 madhye salajarcha uttaradhikari marcello ketano yane vasahatinmadhye mahagade yuddh suru thewale. 1973 paryant portugij ginivareel portugij niyantran zapatyane kosalat hote. angola aanee mozambikmadhye, angolamadhil soviet samarthit emm. pii. ell. aii. aanee mozambikmadhil frelimo yasarkhya anek chhapamar gatanna tyacha samna karava lagla. tyachya bharati kelelya sainyatil nuksan, vadhatya lashkari kharch aanee paradeshi pradeshanchya niyantranat rahanyacha sarkarcha nirdhar yamule kanishth kanishth ("capton") bhramniras jhaala aanee kattartavadi jhaale aanee agadi ujavya-madhya-general antonio dii spinola hyanna sarkarchya vasahatvadi dhoranavar ughadpane teeka karnyas pravrutt kele. kanishth kanishth ketanoviruddhachya lashkari bandacha aanee shevati estado novo rajvaticha padav karnyacha kanaa tayar keela.
1928 pasoon arthamantri asalele salajar yanni 1932 madhye pantpradhanpadachi jababdari sweekarli tevha portugalchya ujavya vicharsaranichya, hukumshahichya hukumshahine mule midavali hotee. italitil benito musolini yanchya corporatewadi kalpanancha mothya pramanat prabhav asalelya abhijat facist hukumshahimadhye hii satta vikasit jhaali. heey naveen rajya-aanee sattadhari pakshache kayamswarupi rajya-yanchya nirmititun siddha jhaale. kamgar sanghatananna rajya yantrat anulambapane ektrit kele jayache hote. 1974 paryant, paschim europeey deshatil lokshahicha haah abhav aatoon aanee paradeshatoon vadhatya tikela samore gela. portugalmadhye chhal jhalyachya udaharananna samore gelelya tyachya sthapakachya anubhavanantar amnesty internationalchi sthapana karnyat aalee.
salajarchi vaiyaktik vichardhara catholic samarthak, samyavadvirodhi aanee rashtravadi hotee. aarthik dhoran heey anekada sanrakshanvadi aanee vyapari hote. iberian dweepkalpavaril donhi deshanni 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat aarthik vaadh anubhavali-mukhytah qamee kharchik kamgar aanee paryatan sthalancha srot mhanoon-garibi aanee niraksharta uchch rahili. portugalmadhye uchch pataliche sthalantar jhaale aanee heey aaj arthvyavastheche eka vaishishtya aahe.
yaa krantimule rajkiy halchalincha sphot jhaala aanee ekekali saath rajkiy paksh sakriy hote. portugij communist pakshane pakshane kalapasoon alvarro kunhalchya netrutvakhali bhoomigat kaam kele hote. jaree tyancha nivadanuk pathimba maryadit hota, taree kamgar sanghatana aanee grameen bhagat tyanchya sthanamule pakshacha motha prabhav padala. hii aanee deshatil garibeechee patali tasech samajik aanee aarthik vikasachya abhavamule rashtriyikaranachya aavahananna chalana midali. vegvegalya andajanusar, krantinantar saath teey ainshi takke arthvyavastha tabyat ghenyat aalee. portugalmadhil davikadil anekansathi, anekansathi krantine hukumshahi aanee tyacha fayda jhalelya aarthik shaktincha padav keela hota. keval ainshichya dashakatach portugalmadhil kendra-ujavya vicharsaranichya lokanni satta midavali, lokshahi tikavoon thevat rajyachya chintanche khajgikaran kele.
carnation krantipurvi, darmyan aanee nantar, chilimadhye (aanee americet, nixon aanee regans), salvador elendechya sarkarchya aadhi aanee nantar, mook bahusankhyanni krantiviruddha nirnayak bhoomika bajavali, us, caa aanee phrank karluchi yanchya pathimbyane. mhanunach madhya-ujavya bajunchya yuktinni portugalmadhil april krantichya aadarshanna aanee dhaddhadanyala ulat kele 
kranti.
carnation krantiche done apratyaksh parinam mhanje arthvyavastha kosalane aanee vasahatinmadhun nirvasit mhanoon portugalla paratalelya lakho lokanche visthapan.
ritornado".
ritornado' (portugij kriyapad 'retorner' pasoon, parat yene) hii eka portugij loksankhya aahe jee carnation krantinantarchya pudhil mahinyant krantikari rashtriy moksh juntadware vyavasthapit kelelya vasahatikaran prakriyedarmyan tyanchya paradeshi vasahatinmadhun paloon gelee. 25 april 1974 chya lashkari uthavanantar portugalla rajkiy ashantatecha samna karava lagla aanee vasahatvadi sainya, jyache anekada salzar rajvatine atyant rajkaran kele aanee swatantrya yuddhe gharee paratali, portugij angola, portugij mosambic aanee portugij giinii aanee portugij timerpasoon kahee pramanat europeey loksankhyecha barachsa bhag tyanchyabarobar gheuun gelee. meey 1974 teey 1970 chya dashakachya shevataparyant, portugalchya african pradeshantil (mukhytah portugij angola aanee mozambikmadhil) aanee portugij timermadhil daha lakhanhun adhik portugij nagarikanni tyaa pradeshanna niradhar nirvasit mhanoon sodale-'retornadose'. portugalmadhye aalelya yaa nirvasitanchi ekoon sankhya spasht naheeh tyanchi sankhya 500,000 teey 10 laakh itaki aahe. kahee, visheshtah lashkarachya, naveen sarkarchya samyavadi shakheshi sangharshat padale aanee tyancha sahbhag ujavya vicharsaranichya aanee lokshahi samarthak donhi rajkiy shaktinmadhye gela, jyanni 25 november 1975 roji kattarpanthi davya lashkari tukadyanni kelelya uthav prayatnacha padav keela. yaa shaktinmadhye salazarist elp (portugij muktisathiche sainya) aanee spinola-netrutvakhalil aanee francoistne nidhi puravalele emm. dii. ell. pii. (portugalchya muktisathi lokshahi chalval) hote. yaa gatanni gatanni unhalyachya ushnatedarmyan anek halle aanee bombsfot kele, mukhytah portugalchya uttarela, tarr emm. dii. ell. pii. 11 marchchya uthav prayatnat sahbhagi hota. novembermadhye jevha spinola aanee tyache mitra sattevar aale, tevha emm. dii. ell. pii. visarjit jhaali, elpane aapali moheem suru thewali. 1975 madhye portugij timerne swatantrya midavale tevha nauu divasannantar indoneshiyane yaa pradeshavar aakraman kele aanee hajaro nagarikanchi kattal karnyat aalee.
ritornado' haah shabd apmanaspad mhanoon pahila jaato, kaaran tyanchyapaiki bahutekjan 'nirvasit' haah shabd pasant karatat.
vasahatvadanantar.
portugij samrajyachya patananantar aanee paradeshi pradeshanchya swatantryanantar, angola nantar anek dashakanpasun suru asalelya yadavi yuddhat pravesh karel, jeey soviet union, kyuba, dakshin africa aanee amerikesathi eka chhadm yuddh banale. 800, 000 angolian ektar yuddh kinwa kuposhan aanee rogacha thet parinam mhanoon marnar; mosambic dekhil vinashkari gruhyuddhat pravesh karel jyamule teey jagatil sarvat garib aanee sarvat qamee vikasit rashtranpaiki eka mhanoon rahile; aanee purv timorvar indoneshiyane aakraman kele, parinami tyanantarchya tabyat andaje 2,00,000 nagri lock mrutyumukhi padale.
arthvyavastha.
krantipurvi 1973 paryant portugij arthvyavastha lakshaniyaritya badalali hotee. 1961 madheel tyachya sthitichya tulnetah ekoon utpadan (ghatak kharchavar jee. dii. pii.) vastavik drushtine 120 takkyanni vadhale hote. spashtapane, jee. dii. pii. (6.9 takke), audhyogik utpadan (9 takke), khajgi upbhog (6.5 takke) aanee sakal nishchit bhandavali nirmiti (7.8 takke) yaa kshetranmadhye krantipoorv kalavadhicha majboot varshik vikas darr disun yet hota. 
carnation krantinantar lagechach, purnapane lokshahi samarthak uthavatun samyavadi prerit uthavakade disha badalane, 'processo revolutionario emm curso' (purv) mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale. tyachi madhyam-sudharanavadi mudra sodoon, 'movimento daas forsas armadas' (emm. eff. aii.) netrutvachya krantikarkankadun vyapak rashtriyikaran aanee jameen japticha marg nighala. sarvharachya hukumshahichi sankalpana nehmi lakshat gheuun kamgar vargachya haatee vyapak adhikar sopavanyat aale. yachya kayamswarupi parinamanmule portugalchi aarthik vaadh aanee vikasat vikasat varshanmadhye adthala nirman jhaala. tyaa varshachya urvarit kalat, sarkarne banking, vima, petrochemical, khat, tambakhu, cement aanee arthvyavasthetil lakud palp kshetrantil serve portugij malkichya bhandavalache, tasech portugij loh aanee polad company, pramukh madyanirmiti karkhane, mothya shipping lines, bahutek sarvajanik vahtook, teen pramukh shipyardpaiki done, compania unio fabrill (kuf) samoohachya mukhya kampanya, redio aanee tv network (roman catholic church vagalata) aanee kaach, khaan, masemari aanee krishi kshetratil mahattvachya companyanche rashtriyikaran kele. sambhagdharak mhanoon deshantargat bankanchya pramukh bhoomikemule sarkarne apratyakshapane itar shekado companyanmadhye sambhaganchi padey midavali. jyaa anek bhinn aanee pakshanedaa chhotya udhyoganmadhye rajyala bahumat midale hote, tyanna hatalanyasathi rajya sahbhagasathi eka sanstha sthapan karnyat aalee. kamgaranni tyancha taba ghetalyanantar kinwa vyavasthapanane tyanna sodoon dilyanantar diwalkhoripasun vachavanyasathi sarkarne hastakshep kelyamule aanakhi 300 lahan teey madhyam udyog sarvajanik vyavasthapanakhali aale. loksankhyechya eka vargachya samyavadi samarthak kattartavadamule aanee sarkarche prabhari asalele naveen krantikari netrutva-'junta daad salvachao nacional' (rashtriy moksh junta) yaa donhinmule anek uchch-profile udhyojkanna desh sodawa lagla.
dirghkalasathi, krantimule lokshahi nirman jhaali aanee 1986 madhye portugalcha european aarthik samudayat pravesh jhaala.
krishi kshetrat, 25 april 1974 chya davya lashkari uthavamule jhalelya japtinantar alentejomadhye ubharaleli samoohik shete aadhunikikaran karnyas asamarth tharali aanee tyanchi karyakshamta qamee jhaali. sarkari andajanusar, april 1974 teey december 1975 darmyan jameen sudharananchya navakhali sumare 900,000 hector (2,200,000 ekar) shetjaminivar kabja karnyat aala hota; sumare 32 takke vyavasay bekaydeshir tharvanyat aale hote. janewari 1976 madhye sarkarne bekaydeshirpane vyapaleli jameen aaplya malakanna parat denyache vachan dile aanee 1977 madhye tyanni bhusudharana punaravalokan kayada jaheer keela. 1978 madhye bekaydeshirpane vyapalelya jaminichi punarsthapana suru jhaali.
rajkiy badal.
1974 chya carnation krantipurvi portugalcha lokshahicha purvicha anubhav vadgrast aanee alpakalin hota. pahilya prajasattakane 1910 madhye ghasaranila aalelya rajeshahitun satta ghetali aanee 1926 paryant keval sola varshe tikali. prajasattakantargat sansadiy sanstha kharab kaam karat hotya aanee rajkiy aanee aarthik satta kendrit rahili. bhrashtachar aanee aarthik gairvyavasthapana vyapak hotee. prajasattak netrutvane portugalla lakshaniy kharch aanee jivitahanisaha pahilya mahayuddhat nele. 1926 madhye lashkari uthavamule pahile prajasattak sampushtat aale. hii hukumshahichi suruvat hotee jee estado novo rajvatit vikasit jhaali.
1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila, aafriketil angola, mosambic aanee giinii yaa portugij paradeshi prantanmadhil swatantrya chalvali portugij vasahatvadi yuddhat (1961-1974) parinami tharalya. sampoorn vasahatvadi yuddhakalat portugalla vadhatya asahmati, shastrastranvaril nirbandh aanee bahutek aantarrashtriy samudayane ladalelya itar dandatmak nirbandhanna samore jaave lagale.
april 1974 madhye lisbanmadhil raktaheen davya vicharsaranicha lashkari uthav, jyala carnation kranti mhanoon olakhale jaate, yane aadhunik lokshahicha tasech aafriketil shevatchya vasahatinchya swatantryacha marg mokala keela, done varshanchya sankramankalin kalanantar jyala 'prico' ('prososio revolutionario emm curso' kinwa chaloo asaleli krantikari prakriya ') mhatale jaate, jyache vaishishtya samajik ashantata aanee davya aanee ujavya vicharsaranichya rajkiy shaktinmadhil sattevaril vaad hote. yaa ghatananmule portugal gruhyuddhachya umbarathyavar aala aanee tyamule too kattartavadasathi eka supic pradesh banala. alvarro kunhalchya pii. see. pii. saha kahee gatanni deshala samyavadakade valavanyacha ayashasvi prayatna keela. vasahatinmadhun maghar ghene aanee 1975 madhye navyane swatantra samyavadi rajye nirman nirman tyachya swatantryachya atinchya swikrutimule (visheshtah peaples republic auph angola aanee peaples republic auph mosambic) portugij nagarikanche portugalchya african pradeshanmadhun (mukhytah portugij angola aanee mosambic) mothya pramanat palayan jhaale, jyamule daha lakhanhun adhik besahara portugij nirvasit tayar jhaale-'ritornado'. 1976 chya portugij vidhimandalachya nivadanukiparyant deshache shasson lashkari-nagri tatpuratya prashasanadvare chaloo rahile.

