
tyrecha william

tyrecha william (; 1130-29 september 1186) haah madhyayugeen dharmopadeshak aanee itihaskar hota. tyreche archbishop mhanoon, tyala kahivela vilyam II mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyane tyala tyachya purvavarti, vilyam I, englishman, pavitra kabarichya charchcha majee, joou 1127 teey 1135 paryant tyrecha archbishop hota, tyachyapasun vegale kele. too jerusalemmadhe jerusalem rajyachya shikharavar vadhala, jyachi sthapana pahilya dharmayuddhanantar 1099 madhye jhaali hotee aanee tyane europechya vidyapithanmadhye udarmatvadi qalaa aanee cannon kayadyacha abhyas karnyat vees varshe ghalavali.
1165 madhye vilyam jerusalemla paratalyanantar, raja amalrikne tyala byzantine samrajyacha rajdoot banavale. vilyam rajacha mulga, bhavee raja baldwin chautha, yacha shikshak banala, jyala vilyamala kushtharogi asalyache aadhalale. amalicachya mrutyunantar, william heey rajyatil sarvoch karyalayanpaiki done, tyreche kulpati aanee archbishop banale aanee 1179 madhye vilyam yanni purv pratinidhi mandalache netrutva lateranchya tisya parishademadhye kele. baldwin chautha yachya karkirdit vikasit jhalelya rajvanshvadi sangharshat too sahbhagi asalyane, jevha eka pratispardhi gatane shahee vyavharanvar niyantran midavale tevha tyache mahatva qamee jhaale. tyala jerusalemchya pratishthit pitrusattak padasathi pathvanyat aale aanee bahudha 1186 madhye too adnyatavasthet maran pavala.
vilyamne lateran parishadecha aanee mahammadchya kalapasoonchya islami rajyancha itihas lihila, jyapaiki ekahi astitvat nahee. jerusalem rajyachya itihasacha lekhak mhanoon too aaj prasiddha aahe. vilyamne shastriy sahityatil asankhya uddharanansah tyachya kalatil utkrusht lattin bhashet tyacha itihas lihila. yaa itihasala kadhikadhi 'historiya reram inn partibus transmarinis gestarum' ('samudrachya palikade kelelya krutincha itihas') kinwa 'historiya irosolimitana' ('jerusalemcha itihas') kinwa thodakyat 'historiya' hii padvi dilee jaate. tyachya mrutyunantar lagechach tyache frenchmadhye aanee tyanantar itar anek bhashanmadhye bhashantar jhaale. eka sthanik vyaktine lihilelya baravya shatkatil jerusalemchya itihasacha haah ekmev srot asalyane, itihaskaranni anekada asey gruheet dharale aahe qee viliyamchi vidhane pratyaksh mulyavar ghetali jaau shakatat. tathapi, alikadchya itihaskaranni dakhavun dile aahe qee rajyachya rajkiy vadanmadhye vilyamcha sahbhag tyachya ahavalat shodhanyayogya pakshapatat parinamala. asey asoonahi, too dharmayuddhancha sarvat mahan itihaskar aanee madhyayugatil sarvottam lekhakanpaiki eka manla jaato.
prarambhik jeevan.
pahilya dharmayuddhanantar 1099 madhye jerusalem rajyachi sthapana jhaali. edasa county aanee antyokhchya sansthananantar aanee tyanantar tripoli countinantar, crusadersdware sthapit kele jaanare heey chaar khrishchan pradeshanpaiki tisare hote. jerusalemche pahile teen shasak, boilanche godfrey (1099-1100), tyacha bhau baldwin pahila (1100-1118) aanee tyancha chulat bhau baldwin dusra (1118-1131) yanni rajyachya simancha vistar keela aanee surakshit kele, jyat aadhunik israyal, palestine aanee lebnon sarkhyach pradeshancha samavesh hota. rajyachya suruvatichya dashakanmadhye, khristi dharmatil sarvat pavitra sthalanna bhet denanya yatrekarunni loksankhyet vaadh kelee hotee. bhoomadhyasagariy shahar-rajya itali aanee franceche vyapari purvekadil samruddha vyapar bajarpethecha fayda ghenyasathi utsuk hote.
vilyamche kutumb bahudha france kinwa italimadhye ugam pavale, kaaran too donhi deshanshi khoop parichit hota. tyache ivadil bahudha vyapari hote jeey rajyat sthayik jhaale hote aanee "varvar pahata shrimant" hote, jaree tyanni pahilya dharmayuddhat bhag ghetala qee nantar aale heey adnyat aahe. vilyamcha janm jerusalemmadhe 1130 chya sumaras jhaala. tyala kiman eka bhau, ralf hota, joou shaharatil bergesespacky eka hota, vyapari samudayacha eka namankit neta navhata. tyachya aaiche 1165 purvi nidhan jhaale hyashivay tyachya kutumbabaddal adhik kahee mahitee nahee.
balpani vilyamche shikshan jerusalemmadhe, church auph daad hollie sepulturemadhil cathedral shalet jhaale. scholar' kinwa shaleche shikshak johnn daad pissan yanni viliyamala lihayala-vachayala shikavale aanee pratham tyanchi lattin bhasheshi olakh karoon dilee. itihas' varoon heey spasht hote qee tyala french aanee bahudha italian bhashahi maheet hotee, parantu too greek, pertian aanee arabi shikala qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi purese purave naheet, jase qee kadhikadhi dawa keela jaato.
1145 chya sumaras vilyam france aanee italichya shalanmadhye, visheshtah parris aanee bolonia yaa baravya shatkatil khristi dharmatil done sarvat mahattvachya bauddhik kendranmadhye, aapale shikshan suru thevanyasathi europela gela."yaa shaala 13 vya shatkat adhikrut vidyapithe honar naheet, parantu 11 vya shatkachya akheris donhikade qalaa aanee vidnyanasathi asankhya shaala hotya. teey cathedral shalanpasun vegale hote aanee swatantra pradhyapkandware sthapit kele gele hote jeey tyanchya abhyasachya kshetratil tadnya hote. yaa padvyuttar shikshakanchi vyakhyane aikanyasathi sampoorn europemadhil vidyarthi tithe jamale hote. charter aanee gilbert day laa porriche vidyarthi asalelya pradhyapkansobat, williamne sumare daha varshe parris aanee orleansmadhye udarmatvadi qalaa aanee dharamshastracha abhyas keela. meloonche robbert aanee edam dii parvo ponte yanchya margdarshanakhali tyanni abhyas karnyatahi vel ghalavala. shastriy abhyasachya pramukh kendranpaiki eka asalelya orlinsmadhye, tyane orlinschya hilleries pracheen roman sahitya (jyala fakt 'lekhak' mhanoon olakhale jaate) vachale aanee william auph soysons ganeet (visheshtah euclid) shikale. sahaa varshe tyanni pieter lombard aanee mauris dii sulee yanchyasobat dharamshastracha abhyas keela. tyanantar, tyanni bolognamadhye 'hugo dii porta ravenet', bulgares, martinus gosia aanee jacobus dii boragin yaa chaar doctoransobat nagri kayada aanee cannon laucha abhyas keela. viliyamchya pradhyapakanchi yadee "tathakathit baravya shatkatil punarujjivanachya vyakaranshastradnya, tatvadnya, dharmatadnya aanee kayadyachya shikshakanpaiki kona aahet heey aaplyala jawaljawal sangate" aanee heey darshavate qee teey konatyahi european dharmgurupramanech sushikshit hote. tyachya samkalin johnn auph salisburykade anek samaan shikshak hote.
jerusalemmadhil dharmik aanee rajkiy jeevan.
jerusalemmadhil sarvoch dharmik aanee rajkiy karyalaye sahasa tirthayatra kinwa dharmayuddhasathi aalelya europeey lokankade hotee. european shikshan ghetalelya mojkya mool rahivashanpaiki william eka hota aanee tyane patkan padanvar zep ghetali. 1165 madhye pavitra bhoomivar paratalyanantar, too ekarmadhye cathedralcha cannon banala. 1167 madhye raja amalicachya pathimbyane tyreche archbishop fredrick dii laa roche yanni tyala tyrechya cathedralcha archdacon mhanoon niyukt kele.
amalric 1164 madhye sattevar aala hota aanee tyane egypt jinkane heey tyache dhyey banavale hote. pannas varshanpurvi raja baldwin pahila yane egyptvar aakraman kele hote aanee kamkuvat fatimid khalifa samrajyala jerusalemla varshik khandani denyas bhag padale gele. jerusalemchya purvekadil muslim pradesh shaktishali zhengi sultan noor-deane yachya tabyat aalyane amalarik egyptkade valala. 1148 madhye dusya dharmayuddhane damaskasla vinashkari vedha dilyanantar sahaa varshanni noor adha-deenane 1154 madhye damaskasacha taba ghetala hota. jerusalem aata keval nairutyela, egyptchya dishene vistaru shakat hote aanee 1153 madhye palestinemadhil shevatchi fatimid chauki askalan, dharmayuddhaviranchya tabyat gelee. matra, noor-deenla dekhil egypt midvayache hote aanee tyane amalarikchya yojnanmadhye adthala aananyasathi aapale sainya pathavale. vilyam europemadhun paratala tevha purvekadil paristhiti ashee hotee. 1167 madhye amalicne byzantine samrat manuel aay comnenschi natoo maria comnenashi vivah keela aanee 1168 madhye rajane vilyamala ijiptaviruddha sanyukt byzantine-crusader mohimesathi karar nishchit karnyasathi pathavale. amalrikchi chauthi moheem hii byzantine naudalachya pathimbyane keleli pahili moheem hotee. matra, amalrikne tafa yenyachi vaat pahili nahee. too damietta tabyat ghenyat yashasvi jhaala, parantu kahee varshantach noor-deenchya senapatinpaiki eka, saladin yane tyala egyptmadhun hakaloon dile, joou nantar jerusalemcha sarvat motha dhoka banala.
darmyan, vilyamne rajyat aapali pragati suruch thewali. 1169 madhye tyane romla bhet dilee, bahudha archbishop fredrick yanni tyachyavar kelelya aaropanche uttar denyasathi, jaree tase asale taree, aarop adnyat aahe. heey dekhil shakya aahe qee frederic europemadhil rajnaitik mohimevar asatana, bishapanchya dharmachya antargat asalelya samasyemule vilyamala aarchbishapchi madat ghyavi lagali.
 1170 madhye romahoon paratalyavar tyala amalrikne rajyacha itihas lihinyachi jababdari dilee asavi. too amalarikcha mulga aanee uttaradhikari, baldwin chautha yacha shikshakahi banala. jevha baldwin tera varshancha hota, tevha too kahee mulambarobar khelat hota, jeey ekmekanche haat khajavun ekmekanna dukhavanyacha prayatna karat hote. "itar mulanni tyanchya aardaoradinmule vedanecha purava deela", williamne lihile, "pann baldwinne, jaree tyachya sathidaranni tyala sodale nahee, taree tyala kahich vatale nahee asey vatat asatana, too purnapane dhirane sahan keela...  yaa mothya durdaivabaddal bolatana ashrunpasoon door rahane ashakya aahe."williamne baldwinchya bahunchi tapasani kelee aanee kushtharogachi sambhavya lakshane olakhali, jyachi pushti baldwinche vay vadhat asatana jhaali.
amalarik 1174 madhye maran pavala aanee baldwin chautha raja mhanoon tyachya jaagi aala. noor-deane dekhil 1174 madhye maran pavala aanee tyacha senapati saladinane urvarit dashak egypt aanee noor-deenchya syriatil malmattevar aapali pakad majboot karnyat ghalavale, jyamule tyala jerusalemla purnapane vedha ghalata aala. tyanantarchya ghatanancha arth anekada done virodhi gut, eka "darbari paksh" aanee eka "udatt paksh" yanchyatil sangharsh assa lavala gela aahe."darbaratil pakshache netrutva baldwinchi aaee, amalarikchi pahili patni aanee tiche jawalche kutumb, tasech europemadhun nuktech aalele lock jeey rajyachya karbharat ananubhavi hote aanee saladinashi yuddh karnyachya bajoone hote, tyanni kele. tripolicha raymond tisra aanee rajyatil sthanik kullinverg, jyanni muslimansobat shantatapurn sahastitvala pasanti dilee, tyanni 'udatt pakshache' netrutva kele. haah vilyamne swatah 'itihas' madhye dilela arth aahe aanee nantarchya itihaskaranni too tathya mhanoon ghetala. pieter doubleu. tathapi, edbarine alikadech assa yuktivad keela aahe qee viliyamala atyant pakshapati manale gele pahije kaaran too swabhavikpane remondshee sanlagn hota, joou tyachya nantarchya rajkiy aanee dharmik karyalayanmadhil pragatisathi jababdar hota. frenchmadhye 'itihas' suru thevana 13vya shatkatil lekhakanchya vruttantannahi sanshayit manale pahije, kaaran teey ibelin kutumbatil remandchya samarthkanshi sanlagn hote. alikadchya itihaskaranmadhye sarvasadharan ekmat asey aahe qee jaree vanshavadacha sangharsh suru hota, taree "hii vibhagani sthanik samrat aanee pashchimekadil navoditanmadhye navhati, tarr rajachya aaee aanee vadilanchya natyanmadhye hotee."
mails auph plancine alpavayi baldwin IV sathee kahee kaal rajpratinidhitva rakhale. aktoobar 1174 madhye mailchi hatya karnyat aalee aanee lavkarach tyachya jaagi raymond tisra yachee niyukti karnyat aalee. raymond yanna jerusalemche kulpati tasech nazarethche archdacon mhanoon nemanyat aale aanee 6 juuna 1175 roji aktoobar 1174 madhye nidhan jhalelya fredrick dii laa roche yanchya jaagi viliyamchi tyreche archbishop mhanoon nivad karnyat aalee. kulpati mhanoon viliyamchya kartvyanmadhye bahudha tyacha jaast vel gela nahee; chancerymadhil lekhak aanee adhikaanyaanee kagadpatrancha masuda tayar keela aanee tyanchyavar swakshari karnyasathi kadachit tyala upasthit rahanehi aavashyak navhate. tyaeivaji tyanni archbishop mhanoon aaplya kartvyanvar laksh kendrit kele. 1177 madhye tyane baldwin chauthachya bahini sibilacha patee, vilyam auph montferratsathi antyasanskar kele, jevha jerusalemcha kulguru, nesalcha amalic, upasthit rahnyas khoop aajari hota.
1179 madhye, vilyam heey jerusalem aanee tisya lateran kaunsilmadhil itar yoddha rajyanmadhil pratinidhinpaiki eka hote; itaranmadhye hercleus, sizeriyache archbishop, josius, ekarche bishop aanee tyremadhil viliyamche bhavee uttaradhikari, sebastia, bethelheim, tripoli aanee jabalache bishop aanee mount sayanche mathadhish hote. kulguru amalic aanee limojesachya antiok uddeshanche kulguru upasthit rahoo shakale naheet aanee william aanee itar bishpankade pope alekzandar tisra yanna naveen dharmayuddhasathi patvoon denyasathi purese vajan navhate. tathapi, alekzandarne samrat manuelcha rajdoot mhanoon viliyamala pathavale aanee manuelne nantar tyala antiokachya sansthanat missionvar pathavale. yaa dutavasanchya darmyan nemke kaay ghadale yacha williamne ullekh kelela nahee, parantu tyane kadachit jerusalembarobar byzantine yutee aanee antiokvaril manuelchya sanrakshanababat charcha kelee, jithe rome aanee jerusalemchya dabavamule samratala greek kulgurula punarsanchayit karnyache tyache prayatna sodanyas bhag padale gele. vilyam jerusalemmadhe done varshe anupasthit hota aanee 1180 madhye gharee paratala.
1180chee pitrusattak nivadanuk.
vilyamchya anupasthitit jerusalemmadhe sankat nirman jhaale hote. raja baldwin 1176 madhye praudhavasthela pohochala hota aanee raymond tisra yala rajpratinidhitvatun kadhoon taknyat aale hote, parantu kushtharogi mhanoon baldwinla mule houu shakat navhati aanee too jaast kaal rajya karel ashee apeksha kelee jaau shakat navhati. 1177 madhye montferratchya vilyamchya mrutyunantar, raja baldwinchya vidhva bahini sibilala naveen patichi garaj hotee. 1180 madhye istarchya velee, done gut aanakhi vibhajit jhaale jevha raymond aanee antiokcha tyacha chulat bhau bohemand tisra yanni sibilala ibelinechya baldwinshee lagn karnyas bhag padanyacha prayatna keela. raymond aanee bohemand heey raja baldwinche pitrutvachya vanshatil sarvat jawalche purush natevaik hote aanee raja varsahakkashivay kinwa yogya badalishivay maran pavala asata tarr teey sinhasanavar basoo shakale asate. raymond aanee bohemand yenyapurvi, tathapi, agness aanee raja baldwin yanni sibilalache lagn lucignanchya eka naveen vyaktishi karanyachi vyavastha kelee, jyacha motha bhau lucignancha lakshyi haah aadhich darbarat eka prasthapit vyakti hota.
remandane tyachi kulpati mhanoon niyukti kelee hotee aanee remandla rajpratinidhitvatun kadhoon taklyanantar kadachit tyachi pasanti gelee asavi, tyamule yaa vadamule viliyamvar parinam jhaala. 6 aktoobar 1180 roji jevha kulguru amalic yanche nidhan jhaale, tevha tyachya uttaradhikarisathi done sarvat spasht paryay hote vilyam aanee sizeriyacha haracleus. parshvabhoomi aanee shikshanat teey byanpaiki samaan hote, parantu rajkiyadrushtya teey virodhi pakshanshi sanlagn hote, kaaran haracleus haah kortanechya samarthakanpaiki eka hota. asey disate qee pavitra kabariche niyam tharvu shakale naheet aanee tyanni rajakade sallah magitala; agnesschya prabhavamule, haracleuschi nivad jhaali. agness aanee haracleus heey premi hote asha afava hotya, parantu hii mahitee 13 vya shatkatil 'itihas' chya pakshapati satatyatun yete aanee asha davyala pushti denyasathi itar konatahi purava nahee. vilyam swatah nivadanuk aanee haracleuschya charitryabaddal kinwa tyachya tyanantarchya pitrusattakambaddal jawaljawal kahihi bolat nahee, kadachit nikalabaddalchi tyachi nirasha pratibimbit karate.
mrutyu.
william tyrecha archbishop aanee rajyacha kulpati rahila, parantu tyachya jivanacha tapasheel yaa velee aspasht aahe. 13vya shatkatil satatyapurn lokancha assa dawa aahe qee 1183 madhye haracleusne viliyamala bahishkrut kele, parantu haracleusne asey qaa kele asave heey adnyat aahe. tyancha assa dekhil dawa aahe qee william popala aavahan karnyasathi romla gela hota, jithe haracleusne tyala vish pajale hote. johnn roow aanee johnn roow yanchya matey, yaa varshanmadhye vilyamchya jivanatil aspashtta darshavate qee tyane mothee rajkiy bhoomika bajavali nahee, tarr charchchya babinvar aanee tyachya itihasachya likhanavar laksh kendrit kele. tyachya bahishkarachi katha aanee tyala vish denyat aale heey ashakya tapasheel, kadachit junya french satatyakartyancha shodh hota. vilyam rajyat rahila aanee 1184 paryant lekhan chaloo thewale, parantu toparyant jerusalem antargatpane rajkiy gatanni vibhagale gele hote aanee baheroon saladinchya shaktinni vedhalele hote aanee "dukkhdayak deshachya aapatti aanee tyache anek prakarche durdaiv, jyaa sankalpana keval shoke aanee ashru baher kadhanyas madat karoo shakatat, tyaa keval vishay aahet."
agness aanee tichya samarthakanchya vijaysah aanee sibilacha navjat mulga baldwin wii aanee montferratcha william yanchya rajyabhishekasaha tyache mahatva qamee jhaale hote. baldwin eka aajari mool hota aanee pudhchya varshi tyacha mrutyu jhaala. 1186 madhye tyachi aaee sibila aanee ticha dusra patee lucignan yanni sanyuktapane rajya kele. toparyant kadachit viliyamchi prakruti khalavali hotee. rudolph hiestandla aadhalale qee viliyamchya mrutyuchi tarikh 29 september hotee, parantu varsh nondavale gele nahee; varsh kahihi asso, meey 1185 madhye eka naveen kulpati aanee 21 aktoobar 1186 paryant tyrecha naveen archbishop hota. meyarne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee vilyamche nidhan 1186 madhye jhaale aanee heey varsh samanyatah vidvananni sweekarle aahe.
aaplya deshachya durdaivababat viliyamchi doordrashti eka varshapeksha qamee kalavadhit yogya siddha jhaali. saladinane 1187 madhye hatinchya ladhait rajacha parabhav keela aanee vilyamchya archdiosische aasan, tyre vagalata jerusalem aanee rajyache jawaljawal pratyek shahar tabyat ghetale. jerusalemchya patanachya batamine europela dhakka basala aanee madat pathvanyachi yojana aakhanyat aalee. vendoverchya rojarchya matey, vilyam 1188 madhye francemadhil gizers yethe upasthit hota jevha englandcha heinry dusra aanee francecha phillip dusra yanni dharmayuddhavar jaanyas sahmati darshavalih "tyanantar ingrajichya rajane pratham rimeschya archbishop aanee tyrechya vilyamchya haatee vadhastambhachi khoon ghetali, jyapaiki vilyamala europechya paschim bhagatil dharmayuddhatil vyavharanmadhye aamche swami pope yanni varas mhanoon sopavale hote."tathapi, rogger chukiche hote; tyala maheet hote qee tyrecha eka adnyat archbishop upasthit hota aanee tyane asey gruheet dharale qee too william asava jyacha itihas tyachyakade aahe, jaree sambandhit archbishop pratyakshat viliyamcha uttaradhikari josius hota.
kaam karate.
"itihas".
lattin itihas.
vilyamche mahan karya heey 1170 teey 1184 darmyan lihilele lattin itihas aahe. tyat tevis pustake aahet; 1183 chya ghatananshi aanee 1184 chya suruvatishi sambandhit asalelya antim pustakat keval prastavna aanee eka adhyay aahe, mhanoon teey ektar apoorn aahe kinwa sampoorn itihasachi nakkal suru honyapurvi urvarit prushthe haravali hotee. pahile pustak satvya shatkat umarne siriya jinkalyapasun suru hote, parantu anyatha heey kaam pahilya dharmayuddhachya aagamanashi aanee tyanantarchya jerusalem rajyachya rajkiy itihasashi sambandhit aahe. kalkramanusar teey vyavasthit kele gele aahe, parantu lihile gele navhate; lihile jaanare pahile vibhag bahudha 1167 madheel egyptvaril aakramanabaddalache adhyay hote, jeey atyant tapshilvar aahet aanee bahudha 1171 madhye fatim rajvansh ulthoon taknyapurvi rachale gele hote. william lateran councilla upasthit rahnyasathi jaanyapurvi "itihas" chaa barachsa bhag purn jhaala hota, parantu 1180 madhye tyachya parat yenyanantar naveen jodani aanee sudharana karnyat aalya, kadachit aata tyala jaaniv jhaali qee european vachkannahi rajyachya itihasat rus asel. 1184 madhye tyanni prastavna aanee tevisavya pustakachi suruvat lihili.
august see. krene vichar keela qee viliyamche arabi srot damaskin mutsaddi usama ibn munkidh yanchya granthalayatun aale asavet, jyanche granthalay 1154 madhye baldwin tisra yane jahaj durghatanetun lutale hote. alaan wii. tathapi, murre yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, kiman pertia aanee turkanchya vruttantansathi, william vastavik itihasapeksha baybalsambandhi aanee purvichya madhyayugeen dantkathanvar avalambun hota aanee tyache dnyan pashchatya pauranik kathanpeksha purvekadil vanshikteche qamee soochak asoo shakate."viliyamala pahilya dharmayuddhatil itihasamadhye pravesh hota, jyat fulture auph charters, albert auph ikes, raymond auph aguiler, baldrick auph doll aanee" "gesta francorum" "tasech rajyachya abhilekhanmadhye asalelya itar kagadpatrancha samavesh hota". tyane antyokhyachya rajvatichya itihasasathi kulpati walter aanee aata haravalelya itar kamancha vapar keela. 1127 madheel fulturechya itihasachya shevatapasun, vilyam haah jerusalemmadhe rahana lekhakapasun mahiticha ekmev srot aahe. vilyamchya swatachya aayushyat ghadalelya ghatanansathi, tyane jyaa ghatanambaddal too lihit hota tyaa ghatana pahana vruddha lokanchi mulakhat ghetali aanee swatachya smaranshaktivar aadharit kele.
vilyamchya shastriy shikshanamule tyala anek madhyayugeen lekhakanpeksha utkrusht lattin rachana karanyachi mubha midali. tyanni asankhya pracheen roman aanee suruvatichya khrishchan lekhakancha upayog ektar uddharanansathi kinwa 'itihas' chya rachnesathi aanee sanghatanesathi prerana mhanoon keela. tyacha shabdasangrah jawaljawal purnapane shastriy aahe, jyamadhye 'loricator' (kavacha banavnari vyakti, arabi 'zara' chaa eka calc) aanee 'eseller' (aekhadyache aatade rikame karnyasathi) yasarkhya keval kahee madhyayugeen rachana aahet. too chatur shabd-khel aanee pragat alankarik sadhane vaparnyas saksham hota, parantu tyala anek shabd aanee vakye punha bolanyachi pravrutti hotee. tyachya likhanat shabdalekhan aanee shabdalekhan dekhil darshavile aahe jeey purnapane shastriy lattinmadhye asamanya kinwa adnyat aahe parantu madhyayugeen lattinmadhye asamanya nahee, jase keeh
sahityik vishay aanee pakshapat.
khristi lekhak aanee baybalmadhil uddharan asoonahi, williamne manvi vyavharanmadhye devachya hastakshepavar farsa bharr deela nahee, parinami kahisa 'dharmnirpeksh' itihas nirman jhaala. taridekhil, tyane barich mahitee samavisht kelee jee spashtapane pauranik aahe, visheshtah pahilya dharmayuddhabaddal, jeey tyachya swatachya kalatahi aadhich mahan khrishchan nayakanche yug manale jaat hote. ikeschya albertchya vruttantancha vistar kartana, pieter yaa sannyasila pahilya dharmayuddhachya pracharat itake mahatva dile gele aahe qee, mulat dharmayuddhala pope urban dusra navhe tarr toch karanibhoot hota. crusader jerusalemcha pahila shasak, boilancha godfrey, hyala suruvatipasunach dharmayuddhatil neta mhanoon chitrit kele gele hote aanee william tyala pauranik shakti aanee sadgun deto. yamule baravya shatkachya uttaradhat jerusalemchya rahivashansathi godfrey aanee itar pahilya dharmayuddhaviranni dharan keleli jawaljawal pauranik sthitee pratibimbit hote.
vilyamne tyachya kalatil rajanche adhik sookshm chitra dile. tyane swatah raja amalarikne lihinyachi jababdari dilee asalyacha dawa keela, parantu vilyamne rajachi jaast stutee karanyachi parvanagi dilee nahee; udaharanarth, amalric charchchya hakkancha aadar karat navhata aanee jaree too eka changla lashkari senapati asala taree too shejarchya muslim rajyankadun vadhanara dhoka rokhu shakala nahee. vaiyaktik staravar, vilyamne rajachya shikshanache aanee itihas aanee kayadyatil tyachya ruchiche kautuk kele, parantu asehi namood kele qee amalarikache stun 'tyachya kambarevar latakalelya mahilesarkhe' hote aanee jevha rajane mrutanchya punarutthanavar prashnachinh upasthit kele tevha tyala dhakka basala.
tathapi, amalarikcha mulga baldwin IV baddal, "konatihi sandigdhata navhati". baldwin tyachya durbal karananya kushtharogachya parshvabhumivar veer hota aanee tyane qamee vayat dekhil saladinviruddha lashkari mohimanche netrutva kele; william jyaa mohimanmadhye baldwin pratyakshat prabhari navhata tyaa mohimanvar najar thevun, adhinastha senapatinpeksha pidit rajakade tyachi stutee nirdeshit karnyas pradhanya deto. viliyamchya itihasakade rajyacha aanee visheshtah baldwinchya rajvaticha eka 'maafee', eka sahityik bachav mhanoon pahile jaau shakate. 1170 aanee 1180 chya dashkaparyant, paschim europeey lock rajyala pathimba denyas nakhush hote, anshatah kaaran teey door hote aanee europemadhye adhik gambhir chinta hotya, parantu kushtharogala samanyatah daivi shiksha manale jaat asey.
vilyam haah shoor templerchya virodhat prasiddhapane pakshapati hota, jyala too dharmnirpeksh aanee dharmik asha donhi shrenikramancha ahankari aanee anadar karnara manat asey, kaaran tyanna dashansh dene aavashyak navhate aanee teey keval popala kayadeshiraritya jababdar hote. jaree teey anek dashakannantar lihit hote, taree templer orderchya vastavik payache varnan karnare teey sarvat june lekhak aahet. tyanchya suruvatichya divasambaddal charcha kartana too samanyatah tyanchya bajoone hota, parantu tyanchya swatachya kalat tyanchyapashi asalelya shakti aanee prabhavabaddal tyala raag yayacha. vilyamne tyanchyavar 1153 madhye escalonechya vedhyat adthala aanalyacha aarop keela; 1165 madhye guhechya killyache kharab sanrakshn kelyacha, jyasathi raja amalrikne baaraa templer latkavale hote; 1168 madhye egyptvaril aakramanat todafod kelyacha; aanee 1173 madhye marekari rajdutanchi hatya kelyacha aarop keela.
baravya shatkatil itar lattin lekhakanchya tulanet, vilyam aashcharyakarakpane byzantine samrajyasathi anukool aahe. tyane adhikrut rajdoot mhanoon byzantine darbarala bhet dilee hotee aanee kadachit itar konatyahi lattin itihaskarapeksha byzantine prakaranambaddal adhik mahitee hotee. jaree tyane alexiushi kahee crusaderschya vyavharanvar teeka kelee asali, taree pahilya dharmayuddhadarmyan vikasit jhalelya alexius aay comnensche white mutt tyane mandale. alexiuscha mulga johnn dusra comnenus yane too adhik prabhavit jhaala; antiokchya crusader sansthanala byzantine niyantranakhali aananyachya johnchya prayatnanna tyane manyata dilee nahee, parantu greek aanee lattin yaa doghanchahi samaan shatru asalelya muslim rajyanviruddha johnchya lashkari mohima prashansaneey manalya gelya. samrat manuel, jyala vilyam constantinopalachya bhetidarmyan bhetala hota, tyala raja amalriksarkhach adhik sandigdhapane chitrit kele gele hote. williamne vaiyaktikaritya tyache kautuk kele, parantu noor-deane aanee saladinchya muslim shaktinviruddha jerusalemla madat karnyasathi samrajya asamarth aahe heey tyala samajale. 1169 madhye ijiptaviruddhachya sanyukt mohimechya apayshamule william visheshtah nirash jhaala. 'itihas' chaa shevat constantinopalmadhil lattin lokanchi kattal aanee andronicus aay comnenschya uthavanantar jhalelya arajakateshi julato aanee tyaa ghatananchya tyachya varnanat, william nishchitpane paschim european strotanmadhye anekada aadhalanaya atyant greek-virodhi vaktavyanpasun mukt navhata.
madhyayugeen khrishchan lekhak mhanoon william rajyachya muslim shejayanshi asaleli shatrutva kvachitach talhu shakat hota, parantu purvekadil muslimanmadhye rahnara eka sushikshit manus mhanoon too kvachitach islambaddal vadgrast kinwa purnapane nakarnara hota. musalman heey vidharmi aahet asey tyanna vatale nahee, tarr teey khrishchan dharmachya vidharmi panthache aahet aanee khotya sandeshtachya shikavanukiche palan karatat. jaree tyane khristi rajyavaril tyanchya samarthyabaddal shoke vyakt keela asala taree tyane anekada tyachya kalatil muslim netyanchi prashansa kelee; asha prakare muin adha-deane unoor, noor adha-deane, shirkuh aanee agadi jerusalemche antim vijeta saladin yansarkhe muslim shasak dekhil aadaraniy aanee dharmanishtha purush mhanoon sadar kele jaatat, jyaa vaishishtye vilyamne tyachya swatachya anek khristi samkalinanna dilee naheet.
itihasache sanchalan.
viliyamchya mrutyunantar 'itihas' chee nakkal karoon too yoddha rajyanmadhye prasarit karnyat aala aanee akheris too europemadhye aanala gela. 13 vya shatkat, james auph viitrii yanna ekarche bishop asatana eka prat midali hotee aanee teey buy auph bazoches, mathyu parris aanee roser auph vendover yanni tyanchya swatachya itihasamadhye vaparale hote. tathapi, lattin itihas asalelya keval daha dnyat hastalikhite aahet, jee serve france aanee englandmadhun aalee aahet, tyamule viliyamche kaam tyachya mool swarupat phaar mothya pramanat vachale gele nasel. tathapi, englandmadhye, 'itihas' chaa vistar lattinmadhye karnyat aala, 'pravasache velapatrak regis ricardi' aanee roser hovedonchya itihasachya atirikt mahitisah; hii aavrutti 1220 chya sumaras lihili gelee hotee.
jaree hastalikhitanchya eka gatamadhye 'historiya reram inn partibus transmarinis gestarum' aanee dusya gatamadhye 'historiya irosolimitana' vaparale gele asale, taree vilyamne swatah tyachya itihasachi konati padvi dilee heey adnyat aahe. 1549 madhye nicolaus brillingerne basselmadhe prathamach lattin majkoor chhapala hota; too 1611 madhye jacks bongarne 'gesta dei parr francos' madhye aanee 1844 madhye august-arther bugnot aanee august leey prevostne 'requil days historians days chroisades' (rhc) madhye prakashit keela hota aanee 1855 madhye jacks paul mignene 'petrologia latina' madhye bongarcha majkoor punha chhapala hota. aata astitvat asalelya sahaa hastalikhitanvar aadharit lattinchi pramanit gambhir aavrutti, 1986 madhye 'corpus christianorum' madhye 'vilemi tyrences archipesiscopy chronicon' mhanoon prakashit karnyat aalee hotee. buub. see. hahns eae. chya notes hygens. meyer aanee gerhard rush. aar. etch. see. aavrutticha emily aii. yanni ingerjit anuvad keela. babcock aanee august see. jaree anuvad kadhikadhi apoorn kinwa achook nasla taree, 1943 madheel 'samudrabaher kelelya krutincha itihas' mhanoon cray.
june french bhashantar.
1223 chya sumaras junya french bhashet 'historiya' chey bhashantar visheshtah changlya prakare prasarit jhaale hote aanee 13 vya shatkat tyat anek anamik jodanya karnyat aalya hotya. astitvat asalelya lattin hastalikhitanchya ulat, junya french anuvadasah "kiman 59 hastalikhite kinwa hastalikhiteche tukade" aahet. ernaul aanee bernard leey treasorior yanna shrey dile jaanare swatantra french satatya dekhil aahet. yaa anuvadala kadhikadhi 'livare duu conqueste' asey mhatale jaat asey; sampoorn europemadhye tasech sayprasachya crusader samrajyat aanee silician aarmeniyamadhye yaa navane olakhala jaat asey aanee 14 vya shatkatil venesian bhoogolshastradnya marino sanuto daad elder yanchyakade tyachi eka prat hotee. 13 vya shatkachya uttaradhat castilecha shahana alphonsochya karkirdit franche pudhe spanishmadhye 'gran conqvista dii ultramar' mhanoon bhashantar karnyat aale. french aavrutti itaki vyapak hotee qee punarujjivanachya lekhakane lattin mool astitvat aahe heey maheet nasalyane tyache lattinmadhye bhashantar kele. french bhashecha madhya ingraji anuvad 15 vya shatkat william caxtonne keela hota.
itar kaame.
vilyamne ahwal deela aahe qee tyane lateranchya tisya parishadecha eka ahwal lihila, joou tikala nahee. tyane mahammadchya kalapasoon 1184 paryant pavitra bhoomicha itihasahi lihila, jyasathi tyane alexandriachya yutichiyasacha mukhya srot mhanoon vapar keela. heey kaam europemadhye 13 vya shatkat dnyat asalyache disate parantu teey tikoonahi rahile nahee.
aadhunik moolyankan.
visavya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant itihaskar mhanoon viliyamchi tatasthata anekada halakya arthane ghetali jaat asey. august see. udaharanarth, krecha assa vishvas hota qee "tyachi nihpakshapatipana...  tyachya vivechanatmak kaushalyapeksha too kvachitach qamee prabhavi aahe."hii utkrusht pratishtha asoonahi, dii. doubleu. tii. see. visheshtah 1170 aanee 1180 chya dashkatil ghatananshi vyavhar kartana, veshaline heey dakhavun dile aahe qee william nihpakshapati nirikshak nakkich navhata. velesicha assa vishvas aahe qee vilyamcha amalarikne kelela dawa haah eka vaishishtyapurn pracheen aanee madhyayugeen "topos" kinwa sahityik vishay aahe, jyamadhye eka shahana shasak, itihas aanee sahityacha premi, tyachya karkirditil bhavya kaame bhavee pidhyansathi jatan karoo ichchito. vilyamche nihpakshapatipanache dave dekhil pracheen aanee madhyayugeen aitihasik likhanatil eka vaishishtyapurn 'topo' aahet.
baldwin 4chey nayak mhanoon kelele tyache chitran haah tyachya swatachya pakshachya rajkaranala samarthan denyacha aanee tyachya virodhakanche kaale padanyacha prayatna aahe."varr namood kelyapramane, william baldwinchi aaee, ganika, kulguru haracleus aanee tyanchya samarthakanna virodh karat asey; baldwinchya karkirditil ghatanancha tyacha arth lavane heey purvi jawaljawal nihsanshaypane tathya mhanoon ghetale jaat asey. visavya shatkachya madhyat, marshal doubleu. jaree vesally, pieter edbury aanee bernard hamilton yanni yaa kalatil alikadil punarmulyankananmule viliyamcha barachsa prabhav purvavat jhaala asala, taree baldwin, steven ransiman aanee hans eberhard meyer heey yaa drushtikonas kayam rakhanyat prabhavi hote.
itihas' madheel eka varanvar nondavalela dosh mhanje vilyamchi tarkhanchi kharab smaranshakti. "jerusalemchya rajanchya rajvatichya tarkhansarkhya moolbhut mahitisathihi, "kalkram kadhikadhi gondhalat takto aanee tarkha chukichya paddhatine dilya jaatat". udaharanarth, vilyam amalicachya mrutyuchi tarikh 11 julai 1173 dete, jevha tee pratyakshat 1174 madhye ghadali.
tyachya purvagrah aanee chuka asoonahi, viliyamala nehmich madhyayugeen mahan lekhakanpaiki eka manale gele aahe."ransimanne lihile qee" tyachyakade eka vyapak drushti hotee; tyala tyachya kalatil mahan ghatananche mahatva aanee itihasatil kaaran aanee parinamacha kram samajala."khristofar tyreman tyala" "itihaskarancha itihaskar" "aanee" "sarvancha sarvat mahan dharmayuddha itihaskar" "mhanato aanee bernard hamilton mhanato qee tyala" "madhyayugatil sarvottam itihaskaranpaiki eka nyayyapane manale jaate". madhyayugeen shabdakosh" mhanato tyapramane, "srot gola karane aanee tyanche moolyankan karane aanee utkrusht aanee mool lattinmadhye eka gambhir aanee nyayya (kalanukramikdrushtya sadosh asalyas) kathan lihinyatil viliyamchi kamgiri, tyala eka utkrusht itihaskar banavate, madhyayuginadrushtya shreshth, aanee aadhunik, vidvattechya manakanpeksha qamee darjacha nahee."
bahya duve.