chinmadhil viceroy

zongadu (tsung-tuu; manchuh "uheri kadalara amban"), jyache sahasa viceroy, rajyache pramukh kinwa governor-general mhanoon bhashantar kele jaate, tyanni ming aanee king rajvanshachya kalat chinchya eka pradeshavar kinwa adhik prantanvar shasson kele. 
zilicha (chihali) viceroy haah sarvat mahattvacha hota, kaaran tyat shahee rajdhanicha samavesh hota. nantarche prajasattak chinache rashtradhyaksh yuan shikai heey heey padd bhushavat hote.
ming rajvansh.
jhu yuanzang, ming rajvanshacha sansthapak samrat (ii. sha. 1368).dii. 1644 aii. paryant.dii.), yuan rajvanshachi prantiy pranali chaloo thewali parantu kendra sarkarchya dhoranancha prasar karnyachya uddeshane zingshengla 13 cheng zuan buu zheng shhee shimadhye vibhagale. tathapi, nantar ming sarkarla kalale qee tyanna anek prantanmadhil sangharsh hatalanyasathi kinwa bund dadapanyasathi sanyojakachi garaj aahe. 
zhengtong kalachya 6 vya varshi, 1441 madhye, jyaveli yunnanmadhil bandkhoricha samna karnyasathi yuddhmantryanchi nemanook karnyat aalee, tevha viceroy pranali suru jhaali. jhaali shatkachya uttaradhapasun, ming madhyavarti viceroyna vadhatya varanvartesaha niyukt kele gele. chenghua samratachya samratachya varshi (ii. sha. 1469).dii.), liangguangcha (gwangdong aanee gwangxi) viceroy kayamswarupi niyukt karnyat aala. 
keval mahasabhechya sachiwala viceroy mhanoon niyukt kele jaau shakate. zhengde samratachya samratachya varshi (ii. sha. 1510).dii.), uttar yuan mangolanchya varshik aakramananpasun mothya bhintiche rakshan karnyasathi zuvandacha viceroy niyukt karnyat aala. 
1550 aii.dii., aii.dii varshicha giazing samrat, zezicha viceroy, japani vukoukadoon vukoukadoon dhokyacha samna karnyasathi sthapan karnyat aala. 
1600 chya dashakat jevha chinchya ishanyekadun manchu udayala aala, tevha nantarchya jinchya khaan nurhasine 1610 madhye ming rajvanshachya virodhat bund pukarle. 1626 madhye, tiyankichya 6 vya varshi, ninguanchya ladhait yuan chonguanne nurhasicha parabhav keela aanee ninguancha manchupasoon bachav keela. anek mahinyanantar nurhasi maran pavel. yuan chonguan haah salag jiliyaocha viceroy banala. yuan chonguanne anek vela ninguan aanee jinzoucha manchu aakramanapasun bachav keela, tevha nurhasicha pudhcha khaan, hong taijine ninguan aanee jinzoula mage takat mothee bhint modali aanee rajdhanit pohochala. 
1630 madhye, chongzhen yugachya yugachya varshi, yuanla ming rajvanshacha vishvasaghat kelyabaddal atak karnyat aalee aanee tyala fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. tyachya mrutyupurvi yuanne eka kavita lihilih "aayushyatil kaam nehmich vyarth jaate; majhya karkirdicha ardha bhag swapnanmadhye asalyache disate. majhya mrutyunantar shoor yoddhyanchya kamataratechi mallah chinta nahee, kaaran majha nishthavan aatma liavodongche rakshan karat raheel."tyach velee, vayavya chinmadhil gao yingshiang (chuang raja) aanee lii zicheng (general chuang nantar gaoche topananav aanee tyache sainya varshane midale) yanchya netrutvakhalil shetkari uthav hatalanyasathi shaan-gaancha viceroy, hong chengchaula niyukt karnyat aale. shetkari uthav dadapanyasathi, ming sarkarne henan, shanxi, shanxi, huguang aanee situans paach prantancha viceroy sthapan keela, luu ziangshengchi niyukti karnyat aalee aanee lavkarach gaav yingshiang aanee tyachya 300,000 sainikanna fakt 20,000 sainyasah parabhoot kele. luu shetkari uthavatil serve avashesh dadapanyapurvi, tyala manchupasoon bachav karnyasathi samrajyachya uttar simeche rakshan karnyasathi zuvandacha viceroy mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. 1638 madhye, chongzhenchya 11 vya varshi, saat divas ann tanchaichya prakaranala tond dilyanantar, luu tyachya deshasathi manchus viruddhachya ladhait maran pavala. 
kahee lokanche asey mutt aahe qee 1639 aanee 1641 darmyan jiliyaocha viceroy hong chengchou yane song-jinchi ladhai ayashasvi kelyanantar aanee mingche jawaljawal ardhe sainya gamavalyanantar ming rajvanshacha mrutyu seal karnyat aala. hong chengchaula jaree chongzhen samrat khoop maan dett asala, taree tyane kingchyapudhe sharanagati patkarali. 1644 madhye, mingcha shevatcha samrat, chongzhen samrat jhu yujiyanne, jevha lii zichengne bijingmadhye kooch kele tevha nishiddha shaharabaher bijingmadhye galfas gheuun aatmahatya kelee.
prarambhik king rajvansh rajvansh afoo yuddhapurvi).
king rajvanshala prabhavipane usheera ming pranalicha varsa midala, jyamadhye viceroyani eka kinwa adhik prantanvar lashkari aanee nagri donhi shakti ektrit kelya. mangol aanee manchunchya lashkari dhokyachya virodhat niyamitpane niyukt kelele ming viceroy uttarekadil simevar kendrit hote, tarr king rajgharanyane hii vyavastha chinmadhyehi vistarli.
king rajvanshachya kalat, adhinastha prantansah pradeshik viceroy hoteh
chiinii itihaskar anekada zilicha viceroy sarvat aadaraniy aanee shaktishali aanee liangjiangcha viceroy aathpaiki sarvat shrimant mhanoon sthan detat.
kahee prantanvar konatyahi pradeshik viceroyche shasson navhate. yamadhye shanxy, shandong aanee henan yaa prantancha samavesh hota.
pradeshik viceroy vyatirikt, dakshinekadil nadyanche viceroy aanee purvekadil nadyanche viceroy, jeey jalmargache prabhari hote, asey vishesh prakarche viceroy dekhil hote.
king rajvanshacha prarambhik shasak (ii. sha. 1644).dii. 1912 aii.dii.) mulat ming rajvanshachya pranaliche anusaran kele aanee sthir prantiy seema sthapit kelya. tyanni 18 prant tayar kele aanee tyapaiki done kinwa teen prantanche adhikarkshetra viceroyche hote. mingchya ulat, king rajvanshatil viceroy lashkari vistar pragatinusar tayar kele gele hote (manus, aar, 2010). 1649 madhye, shunzi samratachya samratachya varshi, ziilii, shandong aanee henan yaa doghanvarhi tyanche niyantran majboot karnyasathi zilicha viceroy sthapan karnyat aala. darmyan, nairutya chinmadhun ming rajvanshachya dhokyamule, hong chengchaula yungui, huguang aanee lianguangcha viceroy mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, tyachya karyakalat tyane king rajvanshachya virodhat gudghe tekanyas nakar nakar anek lokanchi kattal kelee, yavyatirikt, dakshinekadil ming rajvanshacha shevatcha samrat, yongli samrat jhu yulang yala myanmarmadhye taknyat aale aanee shevati tyala pinguxy rajkumar vuu sanguine fashi dilee. chinmadhil mukhya bhoomivaril ming rajvanshache avashesh kingne nasht kelyanantar, kendra sarkarla teen saranjamdaranchi tyanchi satta qamee karayachi hotee. yunguicha viceroy, gaan venkun yala pinguxy rajkumar woo sanguila khalee khechanyachi vyavastha karnyat aalee hotee, parantu jevha woo sanguine itar done rajkumaransah kingkade bund pukarle tevha tyala pakadale gele aanee thaar maranyat aale, teen saranjamdaranche bund suru jhaale. kingne vooche bund dadpalyanantar, kangzi samrat shevati mingcha urvarit bhag, tungening rajya, minze yao kishengcha viceroy aanee general shilang yanni 1683 madhye, kangzi samratachya (pieterson, willard jeey.) 22 vya varshi heey kaam purn karnyacha prayatna keela.2016).
usheera king rajvansh.
1840 madhye, lianguangchya viceroinenter, lyne zexune british udhyogpatikadun chinmadhye aayat kelele afoo kadhoon takale. british parishadene chinviruddha yuddh jaheer kele aanee afooche yuddh suru jhaale. shatkanushatke bandist seema aanee adhikari naudalachya sainyala protsahan denyas tayar naslyabaddal. kingche naudal british vafechya yuddhanaukeshi samna karnyat ayashasvi tharale aanee british sainyane nanjingchya dishene kooch kele aanee liangjiangchya viceroyla nankingchya kararavar swakshari karnyas bhag padale, yaa kararat kingne brittenla 60 laakh chandiche dollars dile, itar chaar vyapari bindu ughadale aanee hongkong brittenla (fairbank, johnn keey.) dile., aanee kwang-ching lioo, 1980). pahilya afoo yuddhachya parabhavanantar, manchu aanee hahn yanchyatil sangharsh aanee king rajvanshachi loksankhya tyachya shikharavar pohochali aahe, jyamule 1850 saalee khrishchan shraddhevar aadharit taiping bandkhori vadhali. 
suruvatila, bhrasht harit manak sainya aanee aath zende bandkhor neta hong ziyukwanviruddha ladhu shakat naheet aanee hongla swargache rajya sthapan karnyapasoon rokhu shakat naheet. bandkhoricha samna karnyasathi, king sarkarne zheng gufanla liangjiangcha viceroy mhanoon niyukt kele aanee tyanna madat karnyasathi ziang sainyachya navya sainyala prashikshan dile, darmyan, prathamach hahn viceroychi sankhya manchupeksha jaast aahe, jeey kingchya madhyavarti shaktiche patan darshavate (fairbank, jokan king, 1978). ziang sainyache aanakhi eka sansthapak zuo zhongtang yanni zheng guofancha dhakata bhau aanee liangjiangcha viceroy zheng guokansah miloon akher taiping swargiy rajyachi rajdhani nanjing tabyat ghetali aanee hong zikwancha mulga, taiping swargiy rajyacha kishoravayin samrat hong tianguifu tabyat ghetala, jyamule uthav sampushtat aala (michael aanee zhang, 1971). tyanantar, 1868 madhye, zuola shaan gaancha viceroy mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee uttar chinmadhil aanakhi eka bund, nian bund, hanoon padale. 1870 chya dashakat, zuone chinchya ishanyekadil muslim bandkhoranna chiradoon taknyasathi anek pragat shastranni susajj 120,000 ziang sainyache netrutva kele. 1878 madhye zuo zongtangne yakub begchya bandkhorala padnyasathi aanee russian ghuskhorala ilee shaharatoon hakaloon denyasathi shinjiangkade kooch kele. tathapi, zuo haah pashchatya vyavhar chalvalicha sansthapak dekhil hota, tyane minzecha viceroy asatana pashchatya pragat upkarane shikanyasathi fuzou yethe fuzou naudal mahavidhyalay aanee mavai shastragar bandhale. fairbank andd jokan king (1978) chya matey, pashchatya vyavhar chalvalicha aanakhi eka sansthapak zilicha viceroy, lii hongzang aahe, jyane taiping bandachya velee king sarkarchya bhoomikes pathimba denyasathi huai sainya tayar kele, too zheng gufancha vidyarthi dekhil hota. 
1886 madhye, sino-french yuddhanantar, king rajvanshala pathimba denyasathi shaktishali sainya aanee tafyala prashikshit karanyachi garaj tyala jaanavali, jyamule tyane purv aashiyatil sarvat majboot tafa mhanoon biang tafa tayar keela. aath varshannantar, kingchya upanadi koriyache japanchya aakramanapasun sanrakshn karnyasathi, kingne japanviruddha yuddh ghoshit kele, koriyachya sanrakshanasathi lashkarache netrutva karnyasathi leachy nivad karnyat aalee. tathapi, king rajvanshatil bhrashtachar aanee saranjamshahi vyavasthechya antarnihit doshanmule king yuddhat harla aanee leela shimonosekichya tahavar swakshari karavi lagali. yaa kararat, kingne japanla yuddh bharpai mhanoon 20 kotee tail (8,000,000 kilo/17,600,000 paund) chandi dyavi aanee leodong dweepkalp, taiwan aanee tyachyashi sanlagn bete aanee penghu bete (roway, 2012) sodavi. tyachya parabhavanantar lii yanna liang gwangche viceroy mhanoon padchyut karnyat aale. 1900 chya dashakat, jevha aath paradeshi deshanchya sainyane bijingmadhye kooch kele, tevha aagney chinache hahn viceroy tatasth rahile aanee ajunahi samradnyi dovejarchya virodhat (newyork times, 1900) nishedh karat hote. yaa paradeshi lokanshi vataghati karnyasathi, lyne hongzangla sheen chau kararavar (boxer protocol) swakshari karnyasathi pramukh chiinii vataghatikar mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. pahilya sino-japani yuddhadarmyan, samradnyi dovager sixila general yuan shikai rajgharanyashi vishvasoo aadhalale. wuxu sudharananmadhye, yuan hii samradnyi dovager sixiche sanrakshn karnari aanee sudharananche pramukh taan seatong, liang kichao aanee itaranna atak karnari pahili vyakti hotee aanee shevati tyapaiki sahaa jananna fashi dilee. yaa serve ghatanannantar, 1901 madhye leechya mrutyunantar yuanne shevati lii hongzangchi jaaga zilicha viceroy mhanoon ghetali. 
fairbank andd jokan king (1978) yanni namood kelyapramane, 1900 chya dashakachya suruvatila, yuanla king rajvanshache sanrakshn karnyasathi eka naveen sainya beyang sainya sthapan karnyas sanganyat aale, jeey chinmadhil sarvat mothe aanee sarvottam prashikshit sainya manale jaat hote (shillinger, nicolaus 2016). buski (2002) nusar, yuanla tyachya serve padanpasoon mukt karnyat aale aanee 1908 madhye too tyachya mayadeshi nivrutt jhaala, tyachya nivrutt honyapurvi tyala chinmadhil sarvat shaktishali manus mhanoon manyata denyat aalee (dugglus katha, 1907). 1904 madhye, liangjiangche viceroy zhang zidong yanni pivalya nadiche sanwardhan swatahun karanyachi yojana aakhali aanee kendra sarkarla bajula sarle (newyork times, 1904). 11 aktoobar 1911 roji jevha wuchang uthav jhaala, tevha 11 aktoobar 1911 roji jevha beyang sainyane king sarkarchya aadeshache palan karnyas nakar deela, parantu yuanla parat yenyas sangitale, tevha king rajvanshachya uttaradhat kendra sarkarchya sattecha sattecha adhik spasht jhaala. yuanla asey vatat hote qee vel tyachya bajoone aahe, mhanoon tyane samadhan mileparyant anek vela nyayalayacha aadesh nakarla. akheris jevha tyane bund dadapanyache manya kele, tevha jawaljawal ardha chean kingchya rajvatichya niyantranabaher hota, yaa paristhitichi jaaniv jhalyane yuanne baal samrat puyichya padatyagachi vyavastha kelee, tyaa badalyat tyala chean prajasattakache adhyakshapad denyat aale.

