bhuya

bhuiyan kinwa bhuiya haah bharatatil bihar, zarkhand, madhya pradesh, odisha, uttar pradesh aanee paschim bangal yaa rajyanmadhye aadhalanara eka sthanik samuday aahe. teey keval bhaugolikdrushtya bhinn naheet tarr anek sanskrutik vividhata aanee upasamuh dekhil aahet.
vyutpatti.
bhuiyan' heey naav sanskrut 'bhoomi' varoon aale aahe, jyacha arth 'jameen' assa hoto. bahutek bhuiya heey shetkari aahet aanee anekancha assa vishvas aahe qee teey pruthvi mateche pratinidhitva tayar hindu devi bhoomiche vanshaj aahet. teey majboot kautumbik sambandh asalele pitruvanshiy bahirvivah gut aahet. bhuiyan haah shabd anek vegvegalya sandarbhanmadhye vaparla jaato aanee too nehmich jamaticha sandarbh dett nahee. itar kahee jamati aanee gair-aadivasi jamindar dekhil 'bhuiyan' haah shabd shirshak mhanoon vapartat.
itihas.
yaa jamaticha prarambhik itihas anishchit aahe, parantu bhuiya vasahatvadi bharatatil sarvat jaast loksankhya asalelya aanee vyapak jamatinpaiki eka hotee. orisachi uttarekadil upanadi rajye bhuyyancha pramukh balekilla hotee. teey keonzer, bonai, gangapur, bamra aanee singhbhum yaa rajyanche tasech purv bharatatil bahutek pradesh aanee khalchya aasamche sarvat june rahivasi hote assa andaj aahe. teey odisha, bangal, bihar, chhotanagpur, aasam, sanyukt prant, madhya prant, madhya bharat sanstha aanee madras presidency yaa itar maidani bhaganmadhyehi aadhalale. nantar tyanni kevat, kaibarta kinwa khandayat aanee itar sambandhit vanshik gatansarkhe hindu gut mhanoon hindu sahityat pravesh karnyasathi sanskratikaran kele. keonzer aanee bonai yaa saranjami rajyat hii jamaat shaktishali hotee. tyanna rajyacha raaj sthapit karnyache paramparik adhikar hote.
upavibhag.
sthoolpane, bhuyananna tyanchya samanya nivas kshetranusar done gatanmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate.
dongral bhuyan.
pavari' kinwa 'pauri' 'bhuiyan' mhanoon olakhale jaanare heey lock samanyatah dongral aanee durgam vankshetrat rahatat. tyanchi jivanshaili adhik adim aahe aanee teey podu lagvadimadhye guntalele asoon aarthikdrushtya adhik vanchit aahet. matra, teey rajkiyadrushtya shaktishali hote aanee kyonzar rajyache shasak tyanchya pathimbyavar avalambun hote.
sadhya bhuyan.
sadhya bhuiyanmadhye gair-aadivasi lock rahatat aanee tyanchyavar hindu dharm aanee tyachya vidhincha prabhav aahe. british rajvatit, teey kyonzar rajyache sanghatit sainya hote. tyaa doghanni sevechya atinvar jamini tabyat ghetalya aanee tyanchya rajala virodh karnyasathi kinwa tyachyasathi ladhanyasathi eka kshani maidan ghenyachya tayarichya sthiteet swatahla thewale.
sanskruti.
bhuyan lock sahasa lahan eksandh shahare aanee gavanmadhye rahatat. tyanchi kautumbik rachana bahutekda eksandh asate aanee raktasambandh asalelya kutumbancha eka gut haah 'vansh' kinwa 'vansh' navacha sarvat lahan samajik ghatak banato. anek adnyani heey 'kinwa' navache bahirvivah kula tayar karatat. achya serve sadasyanna samaan purvaj asalyache manale jaate aanee anek bhinn kinwa samaan sadasyanche sadasya gaav tayar karatat. gavatil vivahala manai hotee. pakadanyachya madhyamatoon madhyamatoon vivahanna 'ghisa' mhanatat. paloon jaaun, premane aanee vataghati karoon vivah karane heey vivahache itar samajik sweekrut prakar aahet. kutumbatil sadasyachya mrutyunantar, vanshaj done teey teen divas mrutyula karanibhoot tharalelya shrapache nirikshan karatat. shevati, shokakul kutumb kutumb mejwani dete.
pratyek bhuyan gavat eka paramparik panchayat asate jee jevha aavashyak asate tevha darbarat (samudayik kendra) milate. grampramukh kinwa pradhan panchayatichya adhyakshasthani asato. sangharajya tayar tayar gavanchya samoohala 'pidha' mhanatat. yaa staravaril panchayatela 'peetha' panchayat mhanatat aanee eka dharmnirpeksh pramukh asato joou tyache adhyakshapad bhushavato tyala 'sardar' mhanatat. yaa parishada tyanchya samudayik baabee hatalatat. sambalpurmadhye, bhuyanmadhye 12 vibhag aahet jeey thakur kinwa shahee rakt aaheth saant (viceroy), pradhan (gavcha pramukh), nayak (lashkari neta), kaalo (pujari), dehuri (pujari), chhatria (shahee chhatracha vahak), sahoo (karjdar), majhi (pramukh), behra (gharacha vyavasthapak), amata (councillar) aanee seena (police adhikari). paurimadhye, bhuyan avivahit tarunanchya vasatigruhanmadhye zopatat, jyanna 'dhangar basaa' (sevak ghar) kinwa 'mander ghar' (dhol ghar) mhanatat. gharatil kanyanna dhangaria baas manale jaate.
sadhyachi paristhiti.
bhuiya samudayat lakshaniy aarthik badal aahet, ghatvar aanee tikaitsarkhya kahee bhagat kahee jamindar aahet, parantu itar anek jann ektar swatantrapane kinwa pagari majur mhanoon jameen kaam karnyavar avalambun aahet. topali banavane, pashusamvardhan, masemari, shikar aanee jaal, madh aanee raal yasarkhya vann utpadananchi vikri dekhil tyanchya upajivikesathi yogdan dete, jaree ann sankalanachi pratha bahudha bahutek sampali aahe. madhyayugeen kalat ghatvar haah raja hota. tyanni nagvanshi raja pratap karn yachya virodhat bund kele. khariyagadhacha raja bagdev sing yachya madatine, nagvanshine ghatwad bund dadapale. 1857 chya bandat tikait umrao sing heey ormanjimadhil bandgavacha raja hota. tyane ranchimadhye east india companychya virodhat bandkhorimadhye bhag ghetala.
bihar aanee zarkhandmadhye basuki (naag), kachhim (kasav), kaalee (saap), saal (massa), sigari (kolha), sinjkiri ityadi bahirvivah vansh aahet. bihar aanee zarkhandmadhye tyanna deshmandal, ghatowal, parmanik, pradhan, bhogata, chharidar, mahato, raay thakur, tikayat, bhuiya, manji, nayak, roy, sing asha padvi aahet.
adhikrut vargikaran.
1930 chya dashakat, british kalat, chhotanagpurchya bahutansh vanshik gatanna "adim jamaat" kinwa "magas jamaat" mhanoon soochibaddha karnyat aale hote. patana vibhag, palamu, hazaribagh, manbhoom aanee bangalmadhye tyancha anusuchit jatimadhye samavesh hota. swatantryanantar, uttar pradesh sarkarne bhuyala anusuchit jaatee mhanoon vargikrut kele hote, parantu 2007 paryant, teey anek gatanpaiki eka hote jyanna tyanni anusuchit jamati mhanoon punha niyukt kele. 2017 paryant, heey aadivasi padnam keval sonbhadra jilhyala lagoo hote. bihar aanee zarkhandmadhye bhuiyancha anusuchit jatimadhye samavesh aahe. zarkhandchya ekoon anusuchit jaatichya loksankhyechya 21 takke teey aahet. 
uttar pradeshchya 2011 chya jangananenusar bhuiya anusuchit jaatichi loksankhya 4095 darshavili gelee.

