
tikonderoga killyala vedha (1777)

1777 saalee newyork rajyatil champlain talavachya dakshin tokajavalil tikonderoga killyavar 2 teey 6 julai 1777 darmyan tikonderoga killyala vedha ghatala gela. leftnunt general johnn bergoynechya 8,000 sainikanchya sainyane killyachya varchya unch jaminivar kabja keela aanee sanrakshanala jawaljawal vedha ghatala. yaa halchalinmule general arther seent yanchya netrutvakhali 3,000chya qamee samarthyache sainya, kabja kelelya mahadvipiy sainyala chalana midali. tikonderoga aanee aaspaschya sanrakshanapasun maghar ghene. kahee golibar jhaale aanee kahee jivitahani jhaali, parantu aupcharik vedha navhata aanee konatihi ladhai jhaali nahee. bergoynechya sainyane 6 julai roji tatbandichya vermont bajuvaril vyapak kille, tikonderoga killa aanee mount independenswar, virodh naan karata kabja keela. aaghadichya tukadyanni maghar ghenanya americanancha pathlag keela.
tikonderogachya binvirodh aatmasamarpanamule american lokanmadhye aanee tyachya lashkari vartulat gadarol jhaala, kaaran tikonderoga haah aksharshah abhedya aanee sanrakshanacha eka mahattvacha muddah asalyache mothya pramanavar manale jaat hote. general seent. clair aanee tyacha varishtha, general phillip scular yanchi congressne ninda kelee. akheris court marshalmadhye doghanchi nirdosh muktata jhaali, parantu tyanchya karkirdivar viparit parinam jhaala. court marshalchya veleparyant scularne aadhich horatio getwar aapali kamaan gamavali hotee aanee seent. urvarit yuddhasathi clairkade yapudhe maidani aadesh navhate.
parshvabhoomi.
september 1775 madhye, american krantikari yuddhachya suruvatila, american mahadvipiy sainyane kwebekwar aakraman suru kele. julai 1776 madhye aakraman aapattimadhye sampale, meey 1776 madhye kwebekmadhye aalelya mothya british sainyane sainyacha tikonderoga killyavar pathlag keela. aktoobar 1776 madhye valcor betachya ladhait champlain talavavaril mahadvipiy naudalachya eka chhotya tafyacha parabhav jhaala. ingrajanni champlain talavavar aapala tafa ubharanyasathi aavashyak asalelya vilambamule general carltonne 1776 madhye tikonderoga varr hallah karnyacha prayatna thambavala. jaree tyache aagau sainya tikonderogachya teen mailanchya aat aale asale, taree hangamacha vilamb aanee hivalyat talavajaval puravatha marg rakhanyatil adchanimule tyala tyache sainya kyubekmadhye parat pathvave lagale.
british sainya.
general johnn bergoyne meey 1777 madhye quebeck yethe aala aanee bandkhor prantanche vibhajan karoon tikonderoga aanee hudson nadichya khoyavar niyantran midvanyachya uddeshane dakshinekade jamavalelya british sainyache netrutva karanyachi tayari kelee. british payadalat 9vya, 20vya, 21vya, 24vya, 47vya, 53vya, 62vya padatik dalancha, rajache nishthavan american aanee raniche nishthavan ranger yancha samavesh hota. british sainyat prince ludvigche dragoon aanee speek, wonn ratz, wonn ridesale, prinz frederich, erabprinz aanee bremanchya jagger regimentcha samavesh asalelya mothya pramanat heshiyan sainyacha samavesh hota.
yapaiki bahutansh sainya 1776 madhye aale hote aanee anekanni american sainyala kwebekmadhun baher kadhana mohimet bhag ghetala hota.
bergoynechya niyamit sainyacha ekoon aakar sumare 7,000 hota. niyamit sainikanvyatirikt, sumare 800 bharatiy aanee tulanene qamee sankhyene canadian aanee nishthavant hote, jeey pramukhyane scouts aanee screening tolhee mhanoon kaam karat hote. eka garbhavati mahilesah 1,000 hoon adhik nagrik aanee tichya teen lahan mulansah baroness rideseldekhil sainyasobat hote. yaa bigger lashkari karmchanyansah, bergoynechya sainyatil lokanchi ekoon sankhya 10,000 peksha jaast hotee.
bergoyne aanee general carlton yanni 14 juuna roji champlain talavachya uttarekadil tokajavalil phorta seent-jeane yethe sainya punha ubhe kele. 21 junparyant, sainya vahoon nenara naudal talavavar hota aanee teey 30 junparyant rikamya killyachya mukut binduvar pohochale hote. bharatiy aanee pragat dalachya itar ghatakanni itka prabhavi padada ghatala qee tikonderoga yetheel american bachavkartyanna talavavarun jaananya dalache achook sthan kinwa samarthya maheet navhate. vatet asatana, bergoyne american lokansathi eka ghoshana lihili, jee turged, bhavya shailit lihili gelee hotee, jyasathi too prasiddha hota aanee varanvar tyachyavar teeka aanee vidambana kelee jaat asey.
american sanrakshn.
meey 1775 madhye eka chhotya chhavanitun tabyat ghetalyapasun american sainyane tikonderoga aanee kraun point yetheel kille tabyat ghetale hote. 1776 aanee 1777 madhye tyanni tikonderogachya aaspaschya sanrakshanat sudharana karnyasathi mahattvapoorn prayatna kele. talavachya purvekadil dweepkalpala, jyala mount independance asey naav denyat aale, tyala mothya pramanat tatbandi karnyat aalee hotee. tikonderogachya junya killyachya uttarela, american lokanni asankhya tatbandi, purvichya french killyanchya thikani eka motha killa aanee mount hopavar eka killa bandhala. tikonderoga aanee mount independance yanchyatil sampark sulabh karnyasathi talavavar eka chaturthansh mail lamb taranganara pool bandhanyat aala.
tikonderoga yetheel kamand 1777 chya suruvatila vividh badalanmadhun gelee. 1777 paryant, general phillip scular yanni mahadvipiy sainyachya uttar vibhagache netrutva kele hote, jyat tikonderogache prabhari general horatio gates hote. march 1777 madhye mahadvipiy congressne sampoorn vibhagachi aadnya getparyant dilee. schewlerne yaa kruteela virodh keela, jee congressne meey mahinyat ulat kelee, jyaa kshani schewlerchya netrutvakhali seva karnyas tayar nasalele gett philadelphiyala ravana jhaale. tyanantar killyachi kamaan general arther seent yanna denyat aalee. clair, joou bergoynechya sainyachya keval teen aathvade aadhi aala.
sampoorn sankulat mahadvipiy sainyachya anek qamee-shaktichya tukadya aanee newyork aanee jawalchya rajyanmadhil nagri sainya dalanche pathak hote. seent general yanchya adhyakshatekhalil yuddh parishad. clair aanee scular yanni 20 juuna roji assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "yaa postvar aata 2,500 peksha qamee prabhavi, padd aanee file asalelya sainyachi sankhya sanrakshanasathi khoopach apuri aahe" aanee "maghar ghenyachi tartud karane vivekpurn aahe". parinami, done marganvar maghar ghenyachi yojana aakhanyat aalee. pahila panyane skensboro yethe gela, joou talavatil sarvat dakshinekadil naukanayanyogya bindu hota. dusra rasta nyu hampshire anudanamadhye (sadhyacha vermont) purvekade jaananya khadkal rastyane jaminivaril hota.
american dalat fakt done regiment, teen sammishra unit aanee itar manavarahit dall hote; francis aanee marshalchya massatusates regiment aanee hales, siilii aanee scammelchya nyu hampshire khand.
sakharechi bhakari.
sakhar rotty (aata mount defience mhanoon olakhali jaanari) yaa unchine tikonderoga aanee swatantrya yaa donhinkade durlaksh kele aanee tyaa unchivaril mothya tofanmule killyache rakshan karane ashakya jhaale. gateschya netrutvakhali asatana johnn trumbullne yaa samarik samasyekade laksh vedhale hote. jaree trumbull, anthony wein aanee jakhami benedict arnold varr chadhale aanee nondavale qee bandukichya gadya kadachit varr odhalya jaau shakatat, taree britishansathi unchivar tof thevane ashakya asalyache manale jaat hote.
sakharechya bhakaricha bachav kinwa tyacha abhav, tikonderoga killa, jyala 'uttarekadil gibraltar' mhanoon olakhale jaate, tyala 'aayojit' karave lagel yaa vyapak samjamule guntagunticha jhaala hota. killa sodoon dene kinwa tyala eka chhotya sainyane (eka bhitila pratyuttar denyasathi purese parantu shaktishali hallyasathi purese nahee) chhawani karane haah rajkiyadrushtya vyavharya paryay mhanoon pahila jaat navhata. killyache aanee sambandhit bahya kamanche rakshan karnyasathi sadhya tethe asalelya serve sainyachi aavashyakta asel, sakharechya bhakariche rakshan karnyasathi konihi shillak rahnar nahee. yavyatirikt, george washington aanee congressche mutt hote qee bergoyne, joou kwebekmadhye asalyache olakhale jaat hote, too dakshinekadun hallah karanyachi shakyata jaast aahe, tyache sainya samudra margane newyork shaharat halwat aahe.
20 junachya yuddh parishadenantar, schewlerne seent. tyala shakya asel toparyant tikoon rahanyacha aanee tyachya maghar ghenyache marg bund karane talhanyacha prayatna qaraa. schewlerne albany yethe 700chya rakheev dalachi kamaan sambhalali aanee washingtonne hudson nadichya pudhe asalelya pixkill yethe chaar tukadya tayar thevanyache aadesh dile.
ladhai.
britishanchi pragati.
1 julai roji, general seent. clairla ajunahi bergoynechya sainyachya purn takadichi mahitee navhati, jeey agadi door padale hote. mount hope yetheel sanrakshn bund karnyachya aashene bergoine talavachya paschim bajula fraserche pragat sainya aanee ujavya tukadi tainat kelee hotee. hradachya purv bajula ridesale aanee german stambh tainat karnyat aale hote, jithe tyanche uddisht mount independance aanee hubbardtonla jaanyacha marg heey hote. bergoine 2 julai roji pudhe jaanyacha aadesh deela.
2 julaichya sakali, seent. clairne mount hope yetheel sanrakshn chaukivar kabja kelelya lokanna mage ghenyacha nirnay ghetala, jeey ughad jhaale aanee tabyat ghetale gele. tethil tukadine kamanna aag lavali aanee junya french reshankade (tathakathit kaaran teey 1758 chya carylanchya ladhait french sanrakshanache thikan hote) mage hutley, bergoynechya aagau rakshakachya aagmanachya kahee kaal aadhi teey paloon gele. tyaa dupari, british sainik aanee bharatiyanchi eka team tyaa reshankade aalee, parantu lakshaniy nuksan karnyasathi pureshi navhati aanee tyanni golibar suru keela. seent. clairne aaplya manasanna shatru jawal yeiparyant golibar rokhanyache aadesh dile, parantu james wilkinsonne eka british sainikavar golibar keela, jyamule aprashikshit bachavkartyanna tyacha pathpurava karnyas pravrutt kele. sainik wilkinsonne golibar keela aanee british sainya paloon gele. jevha tyaa vyaktila pakadanyat aale, tevha too jakhami jhalela nasalyache aanee too daruchya nashet asalyamule khalee padala asalyache nishpann jhaale. pakadanyat aalelya nishthavant vyaktiche roop dharan karananya mansabarobar tyala thevanyachya fasavanukidware, seent. clairne virodhi shaktinche swaroop shikale.
fracerchya pragat sainyane 3 julai roji mount hopavar kabja keela. bergoine kahee scout aanee bharatiyanna talavachya purvela german tukadichya pudhe hergirisathi pathvanyache aadesh dile aanee kahee germananna paschimela aanale. kahee british chhawani american reshanchya itakya jawal thevanyat aalya hotya qee tyanna golibarane tras deela gela. yamule britishanna tikonderoga aanee lake george darmyanchya portage rastyavaril pulanchi durusti karnyapasoon rokhata aale nahee.
british abhiyantyanni sakharechya bhakarichi dhoranatmak sthitee shodhun kadhali aanee tyanna jaaniv jhaali qee mount hofmadhun american maghar ghetalyamule tyanna tyat pravesh midala. 2 julaipasoon tyanni tyaa unchichya varr bandukichi jaaga saaf karane aanee tayar karane suru kele, american lokanchi dakhal talhanyasathi kaljipurvak kaam kele. tyanni tyanchya kahee mothya banduka utaravar odhanyat anek divas ghalavale. jevha ridesaleche german american maghar ghenyachya sthiteet hote tevhach sapala rachane haah bergoynecha uddesh hota.
american retreat.
4 julai roji, americansani mageel varshichya swatantryachya ghoshanechya smaranarth kahee chavinsah eka shant utsav aayojit keela. tyaa ratri kahee bharatiyanni sakharechya bhakarila aag lavali aanee americananna tyanchya upasthitibaddal savadh kele tevha ingrajanni tyanche aashcharyachakit karnare ghatak gamavale. 5 julaichya sakali, seent. clairne eka yuddh parishad aayojit kelee hotee jyamadhye maghar ghenyacha nirnay ghenyat aala hota. tyanchi sthitee purnapane ughad asalyane, tyanni ratriparyant prasthan karnyas vilamb keela, jevha tyanchya halchali lapavalya jaatil. tyachya eka chaturthansh shikshakanshi jhalelya sambhashanat, seent. clairne asey nirikshan nondavale qee killa dharoon too "aapale charitrya vachavu shakato aanee sainya gamavoo shakato", kinwa jarr too mage hutla tarr "sainya vachavu shakato aanee aapale charitrya gamavoo shakato", jyamule tyachya nirnayavar tyala apekshit asalelya rajkiy pratikriyeche spasht sanket midatat.
curnell piers longchya regiments, 200 hoon adhik naukanchya tafyavar serve sambhavya shastre, tasech apang, shibirache anuyayi aanee puravatha bharala gela, jyaa talavachya varr skensborochya dishene jaau lagalya. naukanchya kamataratemule, chaar apang mage rahile, tasech sarvat mothya tofancha aanee vividh prakarchya purvathyacha-tambunpasoon teey guranvanparyant serve kahee. urvarit sainyane swatantrya midvinyasathi paar kele aanee hubbardton rastyane khalee utarale, jyaparyant ridesaleche sainya adyap pohochale navhate. pantoon pool olandanyachya britishanchya prayatnanvar golibar karnyasathi bharalelya tofansah mojkech lock tethe sodale gele hote, parantu dusya divashi sakali british aale tevha teey madyadhund hote.
ingrajanni ekahi golee naan chalavata kille tabyat ghetale aanee fraser aanee ridesalechya sainyachya tukadya hubbardton rastyavar maghar ghenanya american lokancha pathlag karnyasathi ravana jhalya, tarr bergoine tyachya kahee sainikanna talavachya varr skensborochya dishene ghaighaine nele.
parinam.
american maghar ghenyapurvi jhalelya chakmakit kiman saat american marle gele aanee 11 jakhami jhaale. britishanchya jivitahanichi ganana kelee gelee navhati, parantu chakmakit kiman paach jann marle gele.
americansani hubbardton rodvar changla vel ghalavala. 6 julaichya sandhyakali bahutansh sainya casalton-eka march-yethe pohochale. britishanchya pathalagamule 7 julaichya sakali tyanni mageel rakshakala pakadale tevha hubbardtonchi ladhai jhaali, parantu yamule mukhya american sanstha paloon jaau shakali, akheris phorta edward yethe schewlers sainyat sameel jhaali. skensboro yethe botitoon paloon gelelya chhotya american sainyane phorta enichya ladhait bergoynechya pragat sainyashi ladha deela, parantu skensboro yethe jhalelya chakmakit tyanna upkarane aanee anek aajari aanee jakhaminna sodoon dyave lagale.
tikonderoga yetheel sangharshamule bergoynechi pragati lakshaniyaritya mandavali nahee, parantu tyala tikonderoga bhagat 900 hoon adhik sainikanchi chhawani sodavi lagali aanee tyachya sainyatil vikhuralelya ghatakanni skensboro yethe punha ekatra yenyasathi 11 julaiparyant pratiksha karavi lagali. tyanantar tyala skensboro aanee phorta edward darmyanchya daat jangalanni vyapalelya rastyacha pravas karnyat vilamb jhaala, jyavar general scularchya sainyane zaadan kapoon aanee daldalichya pradeshatil tyache serve pool nasht karoon prabhavipane tyacha naash keela hota. bergoynechi moheem akheris ayashasvi jhaali aanee saratogachya ladhayannantar tyala sharanagati patkaravi lagali. general getsney 20 november roji governor george clinton yanna kalavale qee tikonderoga aanee swatantrya mage hatananya britishanni sodoon dile aanee jaalale.
rajkiy aanee sarvajanik aakrosh.
maghar ghetalyanantar rajkiy aanee sarvajanik santap lakshaniy hota. congress hadarli aanee tyanni scular aanee seent yaa doghanvarhi teeka kelee. parabhavachi jaaniv thewa. johnn admusney lihile, "mallah vatate qee aamhi generalla golya ghalalyashivay aamhi kadhihi eka padacha bachav karoo shakanar nahee" aanee george washington mhanale qee hii "eka dukkhad aanee aashcharyakarak ghatana hotee, jee pakadali gelee navhati kinwa majhya yuktichya dishene gelee navhati". tyaa afava prasarit kelya tyaa seent. clair aanee scular heey deshdrohi hote jyanni maghar ghenyachya badalyat laach ghetali hotee.
akheris uttar vibhagache senapati mhanoon scular yanna hatavanyat aale, tyanchya jaagi samanya darvaje sthapan karnyat aale; tikonderogache patan hii uddhrut karananpaiki eka hotee. seent. clairla tyachya aadeshatun kadhoon taknyat aale aanee chaukashisathi mukhyalayat pathvanyat aale. tyane aapale vartan sanmananiy asalyache sangitale aanee court marshaldware fervichar karanyachi magani kelee. washingtonviruddhachya rajkiy katamule september 1778 paryant court marshal aayojit kele gele navhate. clairla purnapane nirdosh mukt karnyat aale, jaree tyala kadhihi dusari feeled kamand denyat aalee nahee. court marshaldware scularla konatyahi chukichya kamatoon mukt dekhil karnyat aale.
yaa batamine europemadhye mathale banavale. raja georgene qamee kapade ghatalelya ranichya kholyanmadhye ghusun mhatale aahe, "mea tyanna marhan kelee aahe! mea serve americananna haravale aahe!"french aanee spanish nyayalaye yaa batamine qamee anandi hotee, kaaran teey american lokanna pathimba dett hote, tyanna tyanchi bandare vaparanyachi parvanagi dett hote aanee tyanchyashi vyapar karat hote. yaa krutimule spain aanee francene tyanchi bandare americanansathi bund karanyachi magani karnyasathi britishanna protsahan midale; hii magani nakarnyat aalee, jyamule european shaktinmadhil tanav vadhala.