kalpanik pratibimb

sattebajiche pratibimb kinwa niyamit pratibimb heey prushthbhagavarun dishene prakashasarkhya laharinche aarshasarkhe pratibimb aahe. 
paravartan niyam sangato qee paravartit prushthbhagavarun prakashacha paravartit kiran, aapatkalin kiranachya samaan konat prushthbhagachya samanya dishene, parantu prushthbhagachya viruddha bajula, ghatanemule tayar jhalelya aanee paravartit kirananmule tayar jhalelya pratalamadhye samanyapane baher padato. yaa vartanache varnan sarvapratham alexandriachya nayakane (aii. dii. see.) kele hote. 10-70). nantar, alhazenne pratibimbanachya niyamache sampoorn vidhan kele. aapatkalin kiran, paravartit kiran aanee prushthbhagache samanya heey serve paravartit pratalachya lumb samaan pratalat aahet asey sanganare teey pahile hote.
sattebajiche pratibimb heey pasarlelya paravartanala ulat asoo shakate, jyamadhye prakash prushthbhagapasun door vegvegalya dishanni vikhurlela asato.
pratibimbacha niyam.
jevha prakash ekhadya padarthachya simecha samna karato, tevha too vidyutchumbakiy laharinna samgrichya optical aanee electronic pratisad karyanmule prabhavit hoto. pratibimb aanee apavartan asalelya prakashik prakriya, simechya donhi bajunchya apavartak nirdeshankachya farkandware vyakt kelya jaatat, tarr paravartan aanee shoshan heey samgrichya electronic sanrachanemule pratisadache vastavik aanee kalpanik bhag asatat.
prasaranatil yaa pratyek prakriyechya sahbhagache praman heey prakashachi varanvarta kinwa taranglambi, tyache dhruvikaran aanee tyachya aaptan konache karya aahe. sarvasadharanpane, aaptan konat vaadh hott asatana aanee simevar shoshakata vadhat asatana pratibimb vadhate. fresnell samikarane optical simevaril bhautikshastrache varnan karatat.
paravartan heey sattebaaj kinwa aarshasarkhe, paravartan aanee pasarlele paravartan mhanoon houu shakate. eka dilelya dishene dishene serve prakashala ekach konatoon sattebajiche pratibimb pratibimbit karate, tarr pasarlele pratibimb prakashala vividh dishanni pratibimbit karate. chamakdar rung aanee matt rangane aachchhadit prushthbhagansaha haah farak spasht keela jaau shakato. matt rung moolatah sampoorn pasarlele pratibimb darshavtat, tarr chamakdar rung heey sattebajichya vartanacha motha ghatak darshavtat. plastersarkhya shosh naan naan choornapasun tayar kelela prushthbhag jawaljawal paripoorn visarak asoo shakato, tarr polish kelelya dhatuchya vastoo andajanusar prakash atishay karyakshamatene paravartit karoo shakatat. aarshanchi paravartit samagri samanyatah aluminium kinwa chandichi asate.
vidyutchumbakiy kshetranchya lahari samoril bhag mhanoon prakash avkashat pasarato. prakashachya kiranache vaishishtya mhanje laharichya samoril samanya disha ('lahari samanya'). jevha ekhada kiran prushthbhagala bhetato, tevha tarang samanya prushthbhagachya samanya sandarbhat joou coone banavato tyala aaptan coone mhanatat aanee donhi dishanni paribhashit kelele samtal heey aaptan samtal asate. aaptan kiranache pratibimb aaptanchya pratalamadhye dekhil hote.
paravartan niyam sangato qee kiranacha paravartan coone aaptan konachya barobaricha asato aanee aaptan disha, prushthbhag samanya aanee paravartit disha saha-grah aahet.
jevha prakash prushthbhagavar lambpane aadva padato, tevha too thet parat strotachya dishene paravartit hoto.
paravartan hii ghatana sapat simevaril samtal laharichya vivartanane udbhavate. jevha simareshecha aakar tarangalambipeksha khoop motha asato, tevha simevaril vidyutchumbakiy kshetre keval sattebajichya dishene tappyabharat dolan kareet asatat.
vector rachana.
paravartan niyam dekhil resheey bijganitacha vapar karoon samatulyapane vyakt keela jaau shakato. paravartit kiranachi disha aaptan sadish aanee prushthbhagachya samanya sadishadvare nirdharit kelee jaate. prakashachya strotapasun prushthbhagaparyantchya aapatkalin disheche sootra _ 1 aanee prushthbhagachya samanya disheche sootra _ 2 dile tarr, specularly reflected direction sootra _ 3 (serve unit vector) aaheh
jethe sootra _ 5 heey bindu utpadanesah prapt kelele scalar aahe. vegvegale lekhak vegvegalya chinhansah ghatana aanee pratibimbanachya disha paribhashit karoo shakatat.
heey euclidean vector stambh swarupat darshavile gele aahet asey gruheet dharoon, samikaran matricks-vector gunakar mhanoon samatulyapane vyakt kele jaau shakateh
jethe sootra _ 7 heey tathakathit gruhastha parivartan matricks aahe, jyachi vyakhya ashee aaheh
olakh matricks sootra _ 9 chya sandarbhat aanee sootra _ 10 chya bahya utpadanachya duppat.
pratibimbit karane.
"paravartakta" heey paravartit laharichya shaktiche aanee aapatkalin laharichya shaktiche gunottar aahe. heey kiranotsargachya tarangalambiche karya aahe aanee fresnelchya samikaranandware vyakt kelyapramane samgrichya apavartak nirdeshankashi sambandhit aahe. vidyutchumbakiy varnpatatil jyaa bhagat samgridvare shoshan lakshaniy aahe, tyaa bhagat teey jatil apavartak nirdeshankachya kalpanik ghatakachya madhyamatoon electronic shoshan varnpatasah sambandhit aahe. apardarshak samagriche electronic shoshan spectrum, jeey thet mojane katheen kinwa ashakya aahe, tyamule crammer-cronig transformdware paravartan spectramvarun apratyakshapane nirdharit kele jaau shakate. paravartit prakashache dhruvikaran heey padarthatil shoshak sankraman dvidhruviy kshananshi sambandhit ghatana ghatana prakashachya vyavasthechya samamitivar avalambun asate.
specular reflection mapan scanning variable-wavelength prakash strotacha vapar karoon samanya kinwa badalatya incidence reflection spectrophotometerdwar ("reflectometer") kele jaate. glossmitters vapar karoon qamee gunvatteche mojmap gloss unitsmadhye prushthbhagache chamakdar swaroop mojate.
parinam.
antargat pratibimb.
jevha prakash ekhadya samgrimadhye pasarat asato aanee apavartan nirdeshank qamee asalelya samagrisah interfacevar aadalato, tevha kahee prakash paravartit hoto. jarr aaptan coone gambhir konatoon jaast asel tarr ekoon antargat paravartan hoteh serve prakash paravartit hoto. nirnayak coone darshavila jaau shakato
dhruvikaran.
jevha prakash done padarthanmadhil parasparsanvadavar aadalato, tevha paravartit prakash samanyatah anshatah dhruvikrut hoto. tathapi, jarr prakash brusterchya konat interfacevar aadalala tarr paravartit prakash interfacela samantar "purnapane" resheey dhruvikrut asato. brustercha coone yaa dware deela jaato
pratibimbit pratima.
sapat aarshatil pratimemadhe hii vaishishtye aaheth
samtal aarshadvare pratimanche ulat hone heey paristhitinusar vegalya prakare pahile jaate. anek prakarananmadhye, aarshatil pratima davikadoon ujavikade ulataleli disate. jarr chhatavar sapat aarsa basavala asel tarr ekhadi vyakti tyachya khalee ubhi rahilyas aanee tyachyakade varr pahilyas too ulat "varr" aanee "khalee" disato. tyachpramane, "davikade" valanari qaar, tichya samore asalelya karchya chalkachya mageel drushya aarshat ajunahi "davikade" valalelee disel. disha ulatane kinwa tyancha abhav, disha kasha paribhashit kelya jaatat yavar avalambun asato. adhik visheshtah aarsa samanvay pranalichi hastakala badalato, samanvay pranalicha eka aksh ulatalela disato aanee pratimechi kyrality badaloo shakate. udaharanarth, ujavya butachi pratima davya butasarkhi disel.
udaharane.
sattebajichya pratibimbache eka utkrusht udaharan mhanje aarsa, joou visheshtah sattebajichya pratibimbansathi tayar keela gela aahe.
drishyaman prakashavyatirikt, radiovevchya ionospheric pratibimbamadhye aanee aanee vastundvare redio-kinwa microwave radar sanketanchya pratibimbamadhye sattebaaj pratibimb pahile jaau shakate. ksh-kiran paravartansheelateche mapan tantra, aadhunik prayogshaletil srot kinwa synchrotron ksh-kiran vaparoon, patal patalancha abhyas karnyasathi aanee up-nanometer resolutions interfaces karnyasathi, specular paravartansheelatecha vapar karate.
dhwani pratibimbit pratibimbit dhwanik aarshanmadhye aanee tatasth anoo pratibimbit pratibimbit anoo aarshanmadhye, vidyutchumbakiy nasalelya lahari dekhil kalpanik pratibimb pradarshit karoo shakatat. ghan-avasthechya aarshatoon anoonchya karyaksham paravartanasathi, lakshaniy pariman paravartan pradan karnyasathi atishay thund anoo aanee/kinwa charaichya ghatanancha vapar keela jaato; anoonche sattebaaj paravartan vadhavanyasathi kadya asalelya aarshancha vapar keela jaato. neutron reflectometry heey ksh-kiran pratibimbeshi samaan paddhatine bhautik prushthbhag aanee patal philm interfacecha abhyas karnyasathi specular reflectioncha vapar karate.

