gerwani

gerwani (, indonesian mahila chalval) hii 4 juuna 1950 roji madhya javachya semarangmadhye gervis (, "janivpurvak indonesian mahilanchi chalval") mhanoon sthapan jhaleli eka mahila sanghatana hotee.
1954 madhye, eka karyakartya-aadharit chalval mhanoon gervisne samyavadi samarthakanna aavahan karnyasathi eka jaann sanghatanechya dishene kelelya halchaliche sanket mhanoon tyache naav badaloon gervani kele. 1950 madhye keval 500 sadasyansah suruvat karoon, gerwanine 1963 madhye 15 laakh sadasya asalyacha dawa keela. 1950 chya dashkatil sarvat mothya mahila sanghatananpaiki eka mhanoon, tyache vyapak sadasyatva dekhil communist party auph indoneshiya (pii. keey. aay.) shhee asalelya tyachya jawalchya sambandhanche parinam hote-jeey visheshtah garib mahila kamgaranna madat karnyachya tasech vividh kamgar sanghatananshi tyanchya yutibabatchya gervanichya chintanmadhye pratibimbit hote. tathapi, gerwani hii strivadi aanee pii. keey. aay. chya netrutvakhalil donhi shakha asaleli eka swatantra sanstha hotee. 1965 paryant, gerwanine 30 laakh sadasya asalyacha dawa keela.
1958 pasoon suru jhalelya sukarnochya margdarshit lokshahit, laingik samanata, samaan kamgar haqq aanee mahilanchya samasyansathi gervaniche samarthan, pike aanee sukarno yanchya hitsambandhanche palan varnan aanakhi ekakade valoo lagale. 1960 chya dashkaparyant gervaniche pradhanya aata strivad navhate, tarr samrajyavadvirodhi aanee vasahatvad aanee saranjamshahiche avashesh nasht karnyasathi mahilanchi rashtriy ekata heey hote."ess. sarkhe sansthapak sadasya. keey. jarvanichya rajkiy sahbhagachya margamule nirash jhalyanantar trimurtine akheris gerwani sodale.
30 septemberchya (jee 30,30 september chalval) aanee "prayatna" kelelya uthavanantar, gervanicha pii. keey. shhee asalela sambandh akheris tyanchya nidhanala karanibhoot tharala. kelyapramane chya dashakat sahaa lashkari senapatinchya hatyet gervanicha sahbhag asalyacha aarop karoon gerwani sadasyanna atak aanee turungwas karane nyayya tharale. itihaskaranni charcha kelyapramane varnan kelelya lubang buya kathet assa dawa keela aahe qee, kelyapramane chya dashakat sahaa senapatinchya hatyepurvi aanee nantar gerwanine kroor, laingik gunhe kele hote. adhik gambhirpane, kelyapramane chya dashka nantar lagechach jhalelya communistanchya samoohik hatyanche samarthan karnyasathi lubang buyacha vapar karnyat aala-hii eka ghatana jirvanichya mrutyula dekhil karanibhoot tharali.
lubang buya katheche smarak aaj lubang buya sthalavaril pavitra pankasilachya smarakat darshavile jaat aahe.
aitihasik sandarbh.
1945 madhye indoneshiyatil swatantryanantar, rajkiy vatavaran lashkari aanee sukerno pratinidhitva karnare partai national indoneshiya (national indoneshiya party, kinwa pii. aine. aay.), nahadlatul ulema (islamik vidvananchi parishad, noo), pii. keey. aay. aanee itar mahila sanghatana yansarkhya serve islamik gatanmadhil spardhatmak hitsambandhanni bharalele hote, jeey indoneshiyachya naveen sansadiy lokshahit vaidhatesathi spardha karat hote. navyane swatantra jhalelya indoneshiyamadhye alpakalin lokshahimule mahila sanghatananna rajkiy sahbhag, aarthik sandhee aanee "samajik aanee sanskrutik" kshetranchya samaan hakkansathichya tyanchya sangharshat bharbharatila naveen jaaga midali, yavar vidwan sahmat aahet. tyaa kalatil naveen rajkiy swatantryane mahila sanghatananna samaan rajkiy, aarthik aanee samajik hakkansathi prayatna karnyas purn sahbhag deela. blackburney sangitalyapramane, matra, sansadhananchya abhavamule, praudh saksharta, shikshan aanee nagri sevakanna samaan vetan yasarkhya laingik samanatechya uddishtane dhorane rabavanyache kaam katheen jhaale. tathapi, haah kaal purush aanee striyansathi rajkiy samanata prasthapit karnyasathi aavashyak hota-jeey sanvidhanat pahile gele aahe jyat purush aanee striyanna "matdanacha, sarkarmadhye sahbhagi honyacha aanee padd dharan karnyacha adhikar" pradan keela aahe.
1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila mahila sanghatananni vivah, kaam, bahupatneetva aanee rajkiy kinwa samajik sanghatana mhanoon tyanchi samajali jaanari sthitee yaa muddyanvaril tyanchya bhoomikeshi sambandhit anek muddyanvar matbhed nirman kele. anek rashtriy mahila sanghatana rajkiy pakshanche "vibhag" mhanoon rajkiy pakshanshi jodalya gelya hotya-asha prakare tyanchi sanlagnata tyanchya sanstheche kitee rajkiyakaran hoil heey tharavate. udaharanarth, gerwani heey pakistani, muslim mahila sanghatana 'muslimat' shhee sambandhit hote, mashimishi sambandhit hote aanee vaneeta democrat indoneshiya heey 'pii. aine. aay.' shhee sambandhit hote. mahila sanghatana aanee rajkiy pakshanmadhil sambandh heey pakshachya uddishtancha bhag mhanoon laingik hitsambandh purn hotil yaa apekshevar anekada avalambun asat. tarihi martinne varnan kelyapramane, eksandh mahila rajkiy sanghatana nirman karnyat apayash heey anek mahila sanghatananmadhil-rajkiy, dharmik kinwa itar-bhinn aanee parasparvirodhi vaicharik matbhedanmule aale. rajkiy pakshanshi sanlagn asalelya mahila sanghatananvarhi sambandhit rajkaranacha motha prabhav hota. asha mahila sanghatana dekhil hotya jyanni swatahla konatyahi rajkiy pakshashi jodale nahee. udaharanarth, 1952 madhye parvarine nirnay ghetala qee tyanni 'naveen kahihi deu kele nahee' kaaran aadhich mahilanche rajkiy paksh hote-aanee tyanchya sadasyanchya vividh rajkiy yutimule sansadet jaaga midvane katheen hote. tathapi, eka kendriya rashtriy sanstha hotee jine swatantra mahila sanghatanancha samanvay sadhanyacha prayatna kelah indonesian mahila congress (kinwa "kovani").
kovani hii kendriya rashtriy sanstha hotee, jee mahilanche jeevan sudharnyachya samaan uddishtasathi kaam varnan swatantra mahila sanghatananche samanvay sadhat hotee. martinne yogyaritya varnan kelyapramane, mahila sanghatananmadhil farkache kendrabindu ling hote, kaaran "muslim mahila, lashkari patni mhanoon, dharmnirpeksh alipta mahila mhanoon, vidyapith padvidhar mhanoon, doctoranchya patni mhanoon, communist mahila mhanoon, catholic mahila mhanoon, paricharika mhanoon" asha vividh hitsambandhanche pratinidhitva hote.tyamule, ekach rajkiy bhoomika ghene heey khoop vaividhyapurn hote. kovani yanchya nirdeshannusar, mahila sanghatananni shikshan, samajik kalyan aanee aarogya yavar laksh kendrit varnan upkramandvare 'yuva rajyachya vikasacha' bhag mhanoon samajik-aarthik garja purn karnyasathi kaam karnyacha anekada prayatna keela.
gerwani.
bahupatneetva aanee vivah sudharananchya vadgrast muddyavar gerwani itar mahila sanghatananpeksha vegale hote. veringa assa yuktivad karatat qee gerwani itar mahila sanghatananpasun vegale jhaale kaaran gerwani vivah sudharananna rajkiy ektrikaran aanee laingik samanatechya samarthanasathi ekmev 'vaidh' muddah manat navhate. viringachya shabdat, gerwani hii ekmev mahila sanghatana hotee jee "rajkaranavar dawa karat hotee...mahilansathi eka vaidh kshetra mhanoon "kaaran teey" rashtriy rajkiy staravar sarvat sakriy hote.1950-1954 madhye, vivah, bahupatneetva aanee balvivahashi sambandhit mahilanchya hakkanche nirakaran karnyachya garjemule anek mahila sanghatananshi sambandhit vivah sudharananmadhye vyastata haah mukhya muddah hota. mahila sanghatanancha shikshan, kaam, nagrikatva, hinsa aanee matrutva yaa itar samasyanshi sambandh hota. thodakyat, samaan uddishte sadhya karnyasathi sarvottam drushtikon kaay aahet yabaddalachya tyanchya aakalanabaddal mahila sanghatananmadhye matbhed hote. udaharanarth, jaree serve mahila sanghatananni shikshanachya mahattwala pathimba deela asala taree, patnisansthesarkhya kahee sanghatananni, matrutva aanee nagrikatva yaa babatit tyache mahatva tarksangat kele, jyadvare shikshanamule gharat patni mhanoon mahilanchya bhoomika sudhartil jenekarun "tichya patila tyachya karkirdit adhik changli madat hoil.matra, gerwani yanni tyanchya sadasyanna samajvadabaddal shikshit karnyavar laksh kendrit kele.
1950 chya dashkatil mahila chalvaline rashtra ubharani prakalpat mahilanche jeevan sudharnyachya samaan uddishtasathi kaam kele. mahila sanghatananchya vyaptivaril aitihasik vidvattevarun heey spasht hote qee mahila sanghatananni jyaa eka susangat drushtikonashi kinwa rajkiy, dharmik vicharsaranishi sahmati darshavali hotee, tee navhati.
gervanicha itihas.
4 juuna 1950 roji, indoneshiyachya vividh bhagatil sahaa mahila sanghatananchya pratinidhincha eka gut semarangmadhye gervi tayar karnyasathi ekatra aala. vividh mahila sanghatananmadhil samyavadi aanee rashtravadi mahila, jyanchya indonesian rashtriy krantitil samayik anubhavane tyanchya hitsambandhanche pratinidhitva karoo karoo ekach sanghatanechya shodhala prerit kele hote, tyaa "purnapane jagruk mahila" hotya.rupindo (rukun putri indoneshiya), surabaya yetheel persatuan vaneeta sedar, bandung yetheel isteri-sedar, kediri yetheel gerakan vaneeta indoneshiya (gerwindo), madura yetheel vaneeta madura aanee pasuruan yetheel parjuangan putri republic indoneshiya yaa mahila sanghatananmadhun aalelya yaa sansthapakancha dutch aanee japani lokanviruddha indonesian rashtriy krantisathi ladhanyacha eka samaan anubhav hota. sansthapak parishadeche adhyakshapad triss metty, umee sardjono, ess. yasarkhya karyakartyanchya adhyakshatekhali hote. keey. trimurthy aanee shree kosnapsija.
kosnapsija dashkatil itar mahila sanghatananpramanech, gervinni rashtravadatil mahilanchya samasyanvar laksh kendrit kele. itihaskar elizabeth martin yanni varnan kelyapramane, sthanik sanghatananna gervi aanee itar sthanik mahila sanghatanansathichya rashtravyapi upkramanmadhye ektrit karnyache heey prayatna, "vikasit hott asalelya rashtriy asmiteche pratibimb hote."1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila, vivah sudharananchya palikade garib, grameen mahilanche pratinidhitva varnan, mahilanchya samasyambabat, kutumbachya palikade aanee gharamadhye garib, kaam varnan mahilanchya jivanacha samavesh varnan, gervis yaa ekmev sansthanpaiki eka hotee.
gervisachya samyavadi aanee rashtravadi asha donhi mahilanchya nirmitiche pratibimb mahilanchya samasyankade pahanyachya tyanchya sammishra drushtikonatun disun aale-jeey nantar pikichya vadhatya prabhavache varchasva hote. blackburn, viringa aanee martin yanchya matey, gervaniche rajkaran itar sanghatananchya tulanetach kattarpanthi hote, eka nirnayak ghatak jyane gerwanila "puranmatvadi shaktinsathi dhoka" banavale.tathapi, mahila sanghatanetun janatekadun aakarshit aakarshit nishchit samyavadi sanghatanet jhalelya yaa badalala 1954 madhye naveen jaann chalvalichi suruvat darshavinyasathi gervivaroon gerwani asey naav badalanyat aale.
geravanyaparyant.
blackburn aanee martin yanchyasarkhya vidvananni 1954 madhye jevha gervis nishchitpane gervani viringa madhye badalale, tevha tathapi, 1951 madheel pahilya gervis parishadepasun suru jhalelya yaa badalacha shodh khoop purvichya kshanat lagla aahe. gervisachya naveen netrutvane editchya netrutvakhali naveen-pii. keey. aay. sathee samarthan dile jyacha uddesh mothya pramanavar aakarshan midvane haah hota. yaa sankramanala virodh karnare anek sadasya hote. jarvisachya sadasya "sujinah" shhee kelelya veringachya mulakhatit asey disun yeteh
1965 madheel gerwani netrutvanusar, heey badal aavashyak hote kaaran gervi heey keval 'jagruk mahilansathi' eka vyaspeeth mhanoon khoop arund hote-jerakan vaneeta indoneshiya sedar kinwa jagruk indonesian mahilanchya halchaline suchavale. 1954 madhye yaa badalat yogdan denara aanakhi eka ghatak mhanje mahilansathi eka jaann sanghatana mhanoon jarvanivar vadhalela pii. keey. aay. dabav. 1954 paryant, gervaniche sumare 80,000 sadasya hote.
garib, mahila kamgaranna kamgaranna samasyanche nirakaran karane heey eka jansansthekade valanyache uddisht hote. 1955 madhye, jarwani nete, umee sarjono yanni spasht kele qee mahilanna rajkaranat sahbhagi honyas tayar honyapurvi, visheshtah tyanche pradhanya laingik samanata nasoon moolbhut udarnirvah asalyane, yaa sansthela visheshtah vyavharik garja asalelya kaam varnan mahilanna madat karayachi hotee. 1954 nantar, mahilanchya samasyanche nirakaran karanyachi tyanchi kshamata vadhavanyasathi, keval pii. keey. aay. barobarach navhe tarr kamgar sanghatananshihi yutee karnyachya gervanichya dhoranacha haah eka bhag hota. blackburn tapasheel mhanoon, kamgar sanghatananmadhye purushanche varchasva hote aanee gerwani yanni mahilanchya samasyambaddal jagrukta vadhavanyasathi aanee mahila kamgar aanee tyanchya kutumbanche jeevan jeevan badalanche samarthan karnyasathi kaam kele. sanghatananche sambandh rajkiy pakshanshihi jodale gele hote. asha prakare, serve-indonesian kamgar sanghatana mahasangh (sanchari sanghatana buruh seluruh indoneshiya, sobsi) aanee indonesian shetkari aaghadi (barisan taani indoneshiya, bti) yasarkhya pikeshi sanlagn sanghatananshi gervanichi yutee communist sanghatana aanee pkichya madhyamatoon mahilanchya samasyanvar thet jore deu shakali.
gerwani, strivad aanee picky.
strivad.
indonesian samajatil mahilanvishayi gervanichi vichardhara rajyachya 'kodrat' chya paramparik drushtikonapasun mothya pramanat vegali hotee. "kodrat" neey mahilanna aaee aanee bayka mhanoon gharache aanee kutumbache adhinastha mhanoon sthan dile, tarr purush heey upajeevika karnare hote. gervanichya ulat, itar mahila sanghatananni 'kodrat' laa antarnihit vichardhara mhanoon pathimba deela. dusarikade, jarvanine lingavishayi eka vegala drushtikon swikarla joou pikichya samyavadi vichardharene aakar ghetala. matra, pii. keey. aay. laa pathimba midvane haah mukhya uddesh asalela too eka 'gair-rajkiy paksh' rahila.
gerwani yanni mahilanche prashna heey rashtra ubharanichya prakalpashi aanee visheshtah, saranjamshahi aanee samrajyavadi avasheshanmule mahilanche shoshan aanee bhedbhav qamee karnyachya uddeshane indoneshiyatil samajvadi drushtikonashi atyant jodalele asalyache manale."asha prakare 1950 chya dashakat indoneshiyatil rajkiy sansthetil kamgaranna maata aanee nagrik mhanoon kaam karnyavar gervincha adhik bharr hota. heey laksh tyanchya 1954 chya badalamule pudhe gele, jyat gerwani heey sola varshe kinwa tyahoon adhik vayachya indonesian mahilansathi khule asalele 'shikshan aanee sangharshasathiche sanghatan' hote. gervanichya sadasyanna itar mahila sanghatana aanee sobsisarkhya kamgar sanghatananche sadasya rahanyachi parvanagi hotee. tathapi, viringane assa yuktivad keela aahe qee lingavaril gervanichya bhoomikene kamgar aanee nagrik mhanoon tyanchya kartvyansah maata mhanoon mahilanchya aavashyak rachana ektrit kelya aahet. yach karanamule vidwan sahmat aahet qee jarwani heey naveen vyavasthene chitrit kelyapramane kattarpanthi navhate-visheshtah kaaran jarwani purush aanee striyanmadhil matbhedanna lingapeksha samajik samasyanche utpadan manat asat.
1950 chya dashkatil gervanichya upkramanmadhye grameen bhagatil kaam varnan mahilanna madat karnyasathi grameen staravar badal lagoo karane samavisht hote, jase qee mulanchi kalji ghenyasathi palanaghar, balwadi, saksharta varg tasech karyakartyansathi varg. navya kramanusarchya kalat aanee sanskrutik bandhkamat nachavarchya rachhami larasatichya karyat gervanichya eka adviteey drushtikonache varnan kele gele aahe. larasaticha yuktivad aahe tyapramane, gerwani aanee mahila sanghatananni shikshan, bahupatneetva aanee mahilanchya kamachya thikanavaril hakkanvar teeka karnyasathi 'paramparik qalaa vakprachar' vaparale. 1950 chya dashakat aayojit karnyat aalelya itar upkramanmadhye annadhanyachya vadhatya kimmatincha nishedh karnari nidarshane, vivahatil atyachar aanee veshyavyavasay yancha samavesh hota. gervani yanni mulansathi shikshan, praudh saksharta, mahilancha vadhata rajkiy sahbhag, karyakartyanna ekach velee swatantra aanee rajkiyadrushtya sakriy kase rahave heey prashikshit karnyasathi varg, mahila kamgar, maata aanee bayka yanche samarthan kele. matra, 1960 chya dashakat mahilanchya samasyanpeksha rashtra ubharanivar laksh kendrit karnyat aale. aata pahile rashtrasathi, nantar mahilanchya hakkansathi sangharsh karnyavar laksh kendrit karnyat aale hote.
tathapi, 'naveen indonesian stree' baddal gervanichya samajvadi drushtikonache dekhil pii. keey. aay. shhee asalelya tyanchya sambandhanshi sandarbh asane aavashyak aahe-visheshtah kaaran yaa sanlagnatemule, shevati, jerwanila lakshya kele gele aanee nantar suhartochya naveen aadeshat tyavar bandee ghalanyat aalee.
gerwani aanee picky.
jervaniche pikishi asalele dwandwapurna sambandh itihaskaranni tapshilvar sangitale aahet, jyanni indonesian sainyachya, 1965-66 chya indonesian hatyanchya sandarbhat aanee suhartochya netrutvakhali naveen vyavasthechya (indoneshiya) suruvatichya sandarbhat tyavar charcha kelee aahe.
1959 madhye adhyaksh sukarno yanchya margdarshit lokshahichya sthapanenantar yaa sanstheche pii. keey. aay. shhee asalele jawalche sambandh adhik drudh jhaale. 1950 chya dashakat garib, grameen mahilanche haqq, shikshan aanee samasyanvar laksh kendrit karnyachya gerwani yanchya prayatnanna 1960 chya dashakat samajvadi indoneshiyachya sthapanesathi varg sangharshane mage takale. jhaale shabdant, communist indoneshiyachi sthapana haah mahilanchya samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi prathamik upay manla jaat asey. yaa prakaranat rashtravad aanee samyavad purak manale gele, visheshtah kaaran donhi vichardharanni naveen, "aadhunik" indoneshiya prastavit keela. heey gervanichya naveen indonesian mahilechya drushtikonatun disun yete, jee samajvadi tattvanvar aadharit 'poshakh, sanskrutik drushtikon aanee rajkiy drushtikonat aadhunik' hotee.
matra, mahilanchya samasyanmadhye picky aanee gerwani yanchyat sangharsh hota. tapshilvar mahitipramane, lokshahi vivah kayade, samaan haqq, jameen haqq aanee mahilansathi samaan vetan yanna pathbal denyachya palikade 'mahila prashna' laa pii. keey. aay. neey kvachitach samarthan dile. viringachya mhananyanusar, mahila "pii. keey. aay. chya pradhanyanchya yadeet qamee hotya."tyachpramane, ann aanee kapadyanchya vadhatya kimmatinvirodhat jarvanichi nidarshane 1960 chya dashakat pii. keey. aay. sathee gair-muddah hotee.
1960 chya dashakapasun, picky karyasuchinchya anushangane gervaniche "ugravadi matrutvachya" dishene honare badal hii eka ashee sanghatana hotee, jichi tyanna 30 septemberchya chalvalit (30 september, september khoop kimmat mojavi lagali, jase qee lubang buyamadhye disun aale aahe, jyacha vapar picky sadasyanchya bandiche aanee turungvasache, tasech konatyahi sanlagn sansthanche samarthan karnyasathi anshatah keela gela.
gerwani, kelyapramane chalval aanee lubang buya aarop.
kelyapramane chya ghatananche adhikrut varnanat anek prakare varnan kele gele aahe-parantu gervanichya sandarbhat, kelyapramane chya chalvaline gerwani aanee pemuda rakat yanchyavar chhal kelyacha, tyanchyavar kroor laingik krutye kelyacha aanee shevati sahaa lashkari senapatinchi hatya kelyacha aarop keela. yaa itihasacha aanee gervanichya kathit sahbhagacha abhyas kelelya vidvanancha assa yuktivad aahe qee, gerwanila naveen kramvarit 'aadarshikrut indonesian olakh' sathee dhoka mhanoon pahile gele hote-heey mutt jarvanichya pikishi asalelya jawalchya sambandhanmule aanakhi tivra jhaale.
itar vidvananni tapshilvar sangitale aahe qee lubang buyane sahaa senapatinchya hatyesathi lashkarala pikila dosh denyachi parvanagi kashee dilee-tyamule tatkalin leftnunt general suharto yanna, serve picky sadasya aanee samarthakanna kadhoon takoon indonesian sainyache "deshache rakshan karnyache pavitra kartavya" hote assa dawa karanyachi sandhee midali. udaharanarth, harrold krauch, hii "kartvyachi bhavna" aanee indonesian rajkaranatil sainyacha vadhata sahbhag swatantryachya kalaparyant, jithe sarkar ayashasvi jhaale tithe hastakshep karnare "deshache palak" mhanoon shodhatat-jyachi parinati 1957 madhye sukarnochya margdarshit lokshahisathi marshal low lagoo karnyat jhaali. 1960 chya dashakat jevha sukarnone rashtravad, dharm aanee samyavad heey teen stambh sweekarle tevha sukarno, picky aanee sainya yanchyatil haah aswasth santulan vadhale. rajkiy sattemadhye pii. keey. aay. chya naveen samaveshamule, kamgar aanee aanee 'pachvi shakti' mhanoon shastrastra deuun, 'jaminichya punarvitaranala' protsahan protsahan dhorananmadhye naveen badalanvar parinam jhaala...lashkar, naudal, havai dall aanee polisanchya samarthyacha pratikar karane."
kelyapramane chya chalvaliche adhikrut varnan anek prakare kele gele aahe-parantu lubang buyache gervaniche chitran sarvat khalbaljanak hote. keval 'kathit uthav' madhye sahbhagi asalyamule navhe tarr samyavadi laingikta aanee ling yanchya bhrasht naitikatemulehi yaa kathecha vapar pikila badnam karnyasathi kassa keela gela yache varnan vidvananni kele aahe. johnn rusa yache varnan 'lashkari manasshastriy yuddh tadnyanni rachalelya' sansanikhej patrakaritepaiki eka 'asey karatat."angakatan barsendjatchya lashkari vruttapatrachya ahavalat assa dawa karnyat aala aahe qee gerwani mahila piditanchya jananendriyancha chhal karat, tyanchi angvichedan karat, tyanchyashi khelat aanee tyanche prem karat hotya, tarr tyach velee tyanche swatache pradarshan karat hotya..."teey senapatinna marayala pudhe jaanyapurvi. angachhed, chhal aanee anaitik laingikatechya yaa varnananmadhye pudhe 'gerwani matanni' leftnunt tendiancha ashleel khel mhanoon vapar kelyacha aarop keela aahe."generalanchya bhayankar mrutyuncha vapar gerwani sadasyanchya hatoon jhalela manla jaat hota, jyamule samyavadi mahila naitikdrushtya bhrasht aanee laingikdrushtya sail aahet ashee dharana nirman jhaali-aadarshavadi indonesian mahilancha sampoorn virodhabhas. tathapi, 4-5 aktoobar 1965 roji kelelya shavavichhedananni yaa davyanche apramanit swaroop siddha kele kaaran senapati vikrut navhate-parantu pratyakshat, bandukichya goline jhalelya jakhmanmule tyancha mrutyu jhaala hota.
lubang buya aarop aanee kelyapramane chya nantarche parinam.
kelyapramane chya dashkatil laingikdrushtya bhrasht, anaitik, khuni samyavadi mahilanchya adhikrut davyannantarcha eka pailu haah sainyane unmad vadhavanyasathi aanee samyavadvirodhi bhavna vadhavanyasathi vaparla. steven drackleycha yuktivad aahe tyapramane, lubang buya yetheel ghatananmule indoneshiyachya rashtriy sashastr dalatil jeey purvi pii. keey. aay. kadey sahanubhootipurn kinwa dvidha manahsthitit hote tyanchyasathi pakshache naav vishari jhaale. jhaale shabdant, lubang buyane gerwani, picky aanee samyavadi sahanubhooti vyaktinche sthalantar aanee tyanantarchya nirmulanat yogdan dile kaaran teey indonesian asmitechya virodhi hote. 1965 nantar, bahutansh gerwani sadasyanna thaar maranyat aale, atak karnyat aalee kinwa anek varshe khatalyashivay turungat dambanyat aale. gerwani sadasyanvar varanvar balatkar keela jaat asey aanee nantar tyanna marhan kelee jaat asey kinwa tyanchya sampoorn kutumbasah tyanna fashi denyat yet asey. kelyapramane chya dashkatil kathit sahbhagache tapshilvar varnan varnan gerwani sadasyanchya kabulijbab haah ayashasvi jhalelya uthavanantar sainyane pasaravalelya pracharancha eka bhag hota.
blackburney varnan kelyapramane, kelyapramane chalvalichi shokantika aanee gerwani sarkhya sanghatanancha aanee sobsi aanee bti sarkhya samyavadi varchasva asalelya jaann sanghatanancha naash mhanje kamgaranchya garajanche purese pratinidhitva karata yeil asha kshetrancha naash karane.
genger-genger.
"genger-genger' chaa ugam purv jaava yaa ossing bhashetil eka lokgite mhanoon jhaala. heey gaane janjir (limnocharis flava) yaa khadya vanaspatibaddal aahe, jee javamadhye mubalak pramanat vadhate aanee mhanoon shetkari samanyatah visheshtah katheen kalat khaat asat. visheshtah yuddhamule annachi tivra tanchai nirman jhaali asatana, lokanna kathor jivanshaili jaganyasathi protsahit karnyacha eka marg mhanoon japani vyaparachya kalat rajkiy sandarbhat heey lokgite pahilyanda vaparali gelee. swatantryanantar heey gaane adhikadhik lokpriy jhaale aanee lilly suryani aanee bing slamet yansarkhya prasiddha kalakaranni teey dhwanimudrit kele. shetkari jivanatil kasht aanee chikati yaa sankalpananvar aadharit yaa ganyacha vishay hota, jyamule too pii. keey. aay. madhye lokpriy jhaala aanee anek indonesian lokanni tyala pakshashi jodanyas suruvat kelee. naveen aadeshadvare prasarit kelelya lubang buya kathenusar, gerwani aanee picky yuva gatachya sadasyanni senapatinchi hatya kartana heey gaane gayale. picky aanee lubang buya yanchyashi yaa ganyachya sambandhamule naveen aadeshamule tyavar konatyahi swarupat twarit bandee ghalanyat aalee. pratyakshat, tathapi, yala samarthan denare purave farse naheet; 1 aktoobar roji haleem aii. eff. bii. yethe asalelya pii. keey. aay. yuva sanghatanechya sadasyachya lokgitanchya pustakatil gitanchya shodhavar teey aadharit hote.
varsa.
lubang buyachi aathvan aanee gervanichya sahbhagachi bhoomika monumen pankasila shakti lubang buya, tasech prachar chitrapat, 'pengkhiyantan kelyapramaneaesha/picky' jee30ess/picky' rajdroh) madhye sakar jhaali, joou shaley mulanna darvarshi pahava lagat asey-haah anubhav rachami larasatichya pustakat varnan keela aahe.
1950 chya dashkatil sarvat mothya mahila sanghatananpaiki eka mhanoon gervanivar 1965 madhye bandee ghalanyat aalee-suhartochya kalat dashakanmadhye indoneshiyache deshdrohi mhanoon tyachi aathvan kadhali gelee. naveen indonesian rajyachi vaidhata, naitikta aanee suvyavastha yanche madhyasth mhanoon suhartochya naveen aadeshachya sthapanela aadhar denyasathi, 1965-66 chya samyavadvirodhi shuddhi aanee gerwani aanee davya sanghatananchi badnami kelee gelee.
sandarbh.
prathamik srot
duyyam srot

