
paranoya

vyamoh hii eka antahprerana kinwa vichar prakriya aahe jee chinta, shanka kinwa bhitine mothya pramanat prabhavit hote asey manale jaate, bahutekda bhram aanee tarkahinatechya tappyavar. vyathit vicharanmadhye samanyatah chhal karananya shraddha kinwa swatahsathi asalelya dhokyababatchya cutt rachanyachya shraddha samavisht asatat (i.eae. "pratyekjan mallah pakadanyasathi baher aahe"). paranoya haah bhayapeksha vegala aahe, jyamadhye atarkik bheeti dekhil asate, parantu sahasa dosh nasato.
khote aarop karane aanee itar lokancha samanya avishvas dekhil varanvar vyagratesobat yeto. udaharanarth, ekhadya vyathit vyaktila asey vatoo shakate qee ekhadi ghatana jaanunbujun ghadali hotee, jevha bahutek lock tyakade apghat kinwa yogayog mhanoon pahatil. paranoya heey manovikarache madhyavarti lakshan aahe.
chinhe aanee lakshane.
vyamoh honyache eka samanya lakshan mhanje attribution bayas. yaa vyaktinmadhye samanyatah vastavabaddal pakshapati dharana asate, jeey anekada adhik pratikool shraddha darshavtat. ekhadya vyathit vyaktikade dusya konachya taree apghati vagnyakade, teey hetune kinwa dhamkya deuun kele aahe asey vatoo shakate.
gair-chikitsalayin paranoid loksankhyechya tapasanit asey aadhalun aale qee shaktiheen aanee nairashya vatane, swatahla vegale karane aanee kriyakalap sodane hii vaishishtye aahet jee adhik varanvar parania darshavinanshi sambandhit asoo shakatat.
kahee shastradnyanni kamuk, chhal, kayadeshir aanee uchch asha vyabhicharipanachya vividh lakshanansathi vividh upprakar tayar kele aahet.
paranoiachya sanshayaspad aanee trasdayak vyaktimatva vaishishtyanmule, paranoia asaleli vyakti paraspar sambandhanmadhye bharbharatila yenyachi shakyata nahee. bahutekda paranoid vyakti ekach darjachya asatat.
kahee sanshodhananusar, paranoyasathi eka padanukram aahe. padanukramachya agadi shirshasthani asalelya paranoyeche sarvat qamee samanya prakar mhanje adhik gambhir dhokyancha samavesh asalele. samajik chinta hii yaa padanukramachya talashi aahe kaaran hii sarvat varanvar darshavileli vyamoh patali aahe.
karane.
samajik aanee paryavaraniy.
manasikdrushtya aswasth asalelya vishvasanmadhye samajik paristhiti atyant prabhavshali asalyache disun yete. siudad juarez, chihuahua (mexicomadhye) aanee ell paso, texas (americet) yetheel rahivashanna vitarit kelelya mansik aarogya sarvekshanadvare gola kelelya mahitichya aadhare, mansik vibhram asalelya shraddha, samajik paristhitimule vadhalelya, shaktihinatechya aanee balee padnyachya bhavnanshi sambandhit asalyache disate. yaa parinamanchya sambhavya karananmadhye bahya niyantranavar vishvas thevanyachi bhavna aanee avishvas yancha samavesh hota, joou qamee samajik-aarthik sthitimule balkat houu shakato. nimn samajik-aarthik sthiteet rahana lokanna tyanchya swatachya jivanavar qamee niyantran aahe asey vatoo shakate. yavyatirikt, haah abhyas spasht karato qee striyanmadhye purushanpeksha jaast darane bahya niyantranavar vishvas thevanyachi pravrutti asate, jyamule mahilanna avishvas aanee mansik vyagratevar samajik-aarthik sthitiche parinam honyachi shakyata jaast asate.
emmanuel messinger ahwal deto qee sarvekshanatun asey disun aale aahe qee paranoya palakanche natesambandh aanee avishvasaniy vatavaranatun vikasit houu shakato. yaa vatavaranat atishay shistabaddh, kathor aanee asthir asanyacha samavesh asoo shakato. heey dekhil nondavale gele hote qee, "guntavoon thevane aanee laad karane (tyadvare mulala teey kahitari vishesh aahet aanee vishesh visheshadhikar aavashyak aahet heey prabhavit karane)", heey yogdan denanya parshvabhumiche asoo shakate. vyagratechi lakshane vadhavanyachya kinwa prakat honyachya sambhavya anubhavanmadhye nirasha, tanav aanee manachi nirashajanak sthitee yanche vadhate praman samavisht aahe.
bhramanchya bhramanancha sambhavya andaj lavnara mhanoonahi bhedbhav nondavala gela aahe. asha ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee, jyaa vruddha rugnanna ayushyabhar uchch patalicha bhedbhav anubhavava lagla hota, tyanchyat paranoya adhik disun yet hota. yavyatirikt, asey nondavale gele aahe qee sthalantaritanna manovikarachya prakaranchi khoop shakyata asate. heey bhedbhavpurn ghatana aanee upman yanchya varr namood kelelya parinamanmule asoo shakate.
mansik.
manovruttivar aadharit aanakhi anek lakshane, bhavyata aanee aparadhipana, karyatmak vyamohala aadhar deu shakatat.
colby (1981) yanni 'adharmi aaklan' chee vyakhya 'chhalyukt bhram aanee khotya vishvasanchya sandarbhat kelee, jyancha prastavatmak aashay, durbhavanapurna itarandvare, ektar vishisht vyakti kinwa gatandware, chhalalya jaananya, dhamkya dilya jaananya, dukhavalya gelelya, adheen kelelya, chhalalya gelelya, aarop kelelya, gairvartan kelelya, marlya gelelya, anyay kelelya, chhalalya gelelya, apmanit kelelya, apmanit kelelya aanee asha itar kalpanambhovati guntalela asato' (pru. 518).
paranoid cognitionche teen ghatak robbins andd postne olakhale aaheth "aaa) itar lock tyancha gairavapar karat aahet, tyanna haanee pohochavat aahet kinwa tyanna fasavat aahet yabaddal puresha aadharavina shanka; buub) mitra kinwa sahkanyanchya nishthebaddal kinwa vishvasarhatebaddalchya anyaykarak shankanmadhye vyast rahane; qa) mahiticha tyanchya virodhat dveshpurnapane vapar keela jaeel yaa anavashyak bhitimule itaranvar vishvas thevanyas anichha" (1997, pru. 3).
clinical manasshastrane jawaljawal keval manodaihik rachana aanee svabhaviy chalanchya sandarbhat paranoid sandnyanatmakatechi sankalpana mandali aahe. yaa drushtikonatun, paranoid sandnyan heey ant-mansik sangharsh kinwa asvasthateche prakatikaran aahe. udaharanarth, colby (1981) yanni suchavale qee aekhadyachya samasyansathi itaranna dosh denyacha purvagrah apmanit jhalyachya bhavnene nirman honare dukkh qamee karnyas madat karato aanee asha asamarthatesathi swatah jababdar aahe yaa vishvasala nakarnyas madat karato. yaa ant-mansik drushtikonatun adhomukhi sandnyananche kaaran lokanchya dokyachya aat (samajik aakalankarta) aahe yavar bharr deela jaato aanee adhomukhi sandnyan heey jyaa samajik sandarbhat asha sandnyan antarbhut aahet tyachyashi sambandhit asanyachi shakyata nakarli jaate. haah muddah atyant prasangik aahe kaaran jevha avishvas aanee sanshayachya utpatticha (ardhangvayuyukt aakalanshaktiche done ghatak) abhyas keela jaato tevha anek sanshodhakanni samajik sanvadache mahatva adhorekhit kele aahe, visheshtah jevha samajik sanvad bighadala aahe. tyahipeksha adhik, vishvas vikasachya eka pratimane asey nidarshanas aanoon dile qee done kinwa adhik vyaktinmadhil parasparsanvadachya sanchit itihasache karya mhanoon vishvas vadhato kinwa qamee hoto.
vishvas aanee avishvas yaa rogshastriy aanee gair-rogshastriy prakaranmadhye aanakhi eka sambandhit farak olakhala jaau shakato. german matanusar, mukhya farak assa aahe qee rognidan naan karnare prakar lavchik asatat aanee badalatya paristhitila pratisad detat. rogshastriy prakar atishayoktipurna aakalanvishayak purvagrah aanee nirnayatmak purvakalpana pratibimbit karatat jyaa udbhavu shakatat aanee tyanna kayam thevu shakatat, aatm-paripoorn bhavishyavanipramanech pratibimbitpane honanya chuka aahet.
saumya samajik mulyankanvishayak chintanpasun, samajik sandarbh kalpanandware, saumya, madhyam aanee gambhir dhokyansambandhichya chhalatmak vishvasanparyant pasarlela, vyamohancha eka "padanukram" astitvat aahe asey suchavale gele aahe.
sharirik.
uchch raktadab kinwa dhamnyanchya bhinti kadak jhalyamule menduchya parisancharanat ghat jhalyamule paranoid pratikriya houu shakate.
ganja, amphetamines, methamphetamine aanee tatsam uttejak padarthanshi sambandhit aushadh-prerit paranoeaamadhye schizophrenic paranoiashi barech samya aahe; 2012 pasoon yaa sambandhanchi chaukashi suru aahe. ekada aushadh kadhoon takale qee aushadh-prerit paranoeaamadhye schizophrenic paranoeapeksha changle purvasuchan aahe. adhik mahitisathi, uttejak manovikruti aanee padarth-prerit manovikruti pahaa.
2005 madhye dutch nemesis prakalpane midavalelya aakadevarichya aadhare, shravanshakti bighadaleli aanee manovikarachi lakshane suru hone yanchyat eka sambandh hota, joou paach varshanchya pathpuravyavar aadharit hota. kahee junya abhyasanni pratyakshat asey ghoshit kele aahe qee bahirepanachya sammohan avasthetil rugnanmadhye paranoyachi sthitee nirman houu shakate. yaa kalpanene matra tyachya kalat khoop sanshay nirman keela.
nidan.
dii. ess. emm.-aay. vhee.-tii. aar. madhye, paranoyeche nidan khaleel swarupat kele jaateh
clinical manasshastradnya pii. jeey. mackena, "eka sandnya mhanoon, paranoia haah eka assa vikar darshavito jyacha astitvachya aat aanee baher yuktivad keela gela aahe aanee jyachi vaidyakeey vaishishtye, abhyaskram, seema aanee aksharshah itar pratyek pailu vadgrast aahe. eka visheshan mhanoon vaparale jaanare, paranoid heey paranoid schizophreniapasun paranoid nairashyadvare paranoid vyaktimatvaparyantchya vividh sadarikarananchya sanchala jodalele aahe-paranoid 'cycoses', 'pratikriya' aanee 'sthitee' chya vividh sangrahancha ullekh naan karata-aanee heey karyatmak vikaranparyant charcha maryadit karnyasathi aahe. jaree upsarg parra-paryant sankshipt kele taree, hii sandnya paraphreniachi vadgrast parantu hattipane satatyapurn sankalpana mhanoon samasya nirman karate.
schizophrenia nidan jhalelya prakarananpaiki kiman 50 takke prakarananmadhye sandarbh bhram aanee chhal bhram anubhavtat. paranoia dharana aanee vartan heey nairashya aanee smrutibhransh yasarkhya anek mansik aajarancha bhag asoo shakatat, parantu teey teen mansik vikaranmadhye adhik prachalit aaheth paranoid schizophrenia, bhramatmak vikar (chhalatmak prakar) aanee paranoid vyaktimatva vikar.
upchar.
paranoid bhramavar anekada manovikarachya aushadhanni upchar kele jaatat, jeey madhyam prabhav aakar detat. sandnyanatmak vartanukichi upcharpaddhati (see. bii. tii.) meta-vishleshananusar niyantran sthitichya sapeksh ardhangvayu bhram sudharate. 43 abhyasanchya meta-vishleshanat asey nondavale gele aahe qee metacognitive prashikshan (emm. see. tii.) niyantran paristhitichya tulanet madhyam teey mothya prabhavachya aakarat (paranoid) bhram qamee karate.
itihas.
paranoia' haah shabd greek shabd παράνοια ('paranoia'), 'vedepana' aanee παρά ('parra'), 'bajula, dware' aanee νος ('nose'), 'munn' pasoon aala aahe. yaa shabdacha vapar mansik aajarache varnan karnyasathi keela jaat asey jyamadhye bhramatmak vishvas heey ekmev kinwa sarvat pramukh vaishishtya aahe. yaa vyakhyemadhye, yaa vishvasache paranoid mhanoon vargikaran karnyasathi chhal karane aavashyak nahee, mhanoon konatyahi prakarchya bhramatmak vishvasanche parania mhanoon vargikaran kele jaau shakate. udaharanarth, jyaa vyaktila teey eka mahattvache dharmik vyaktimatva aahet assa ekmev bhram aahe, tyala crapellinne "shuddha vyathitpana" mhanoon vargikrut kele aahe. paranoia' haah shabd 'parra-noyo' yaa greek shabdapasoon sambandhit aahe. tyacha arth 'vikrut hone' kinwa 'samanyatepasun prasthan' assa hota. tathapi, haah shabd katekorpane vaparla jaat hota aanee 'vedepana' kinwa 'vedepana' yasarkhe itar shabd vaparale jaat hote, kaaran heey shabd aurelius cornelius selsasane sadar kele hote. paranoia' haah shabd pratham greek shokantikachya natkanmadhye disala aanee plato aanee hippocratesarkhya puresha vyaktinni dekhil vaparla. tarisuddha, 'paranoia' haah shabd 'pralap' kinwa 'tivra taap' chya samatulya hota. akheris, done sahasrabdiparyant yaa shabdacha dainandin bhashepasun marg kadhala gela. "paranoya' lavkarach punarujjivit jhaala kaaran too nosologistchya likhanat disala. rudolph august vogel (1772) aanee francois boisier dii soways (1759) yanchya likhanane too francemadhye disu lagla.
michael phelan, padreg rait aanee julien stern (2000) yanchya matey, paranoya aanee paraphreniya yaa vadgrast goshti aahet jyaa crapellinne dementia pracoxpasoon door kelya hotya, jyanni paranoyala eka satat paddhatshir bhram mhanoon spasht kele, joou jeevanat nantarchya kalat udbhavato aanee tyat konatyahi prakarcha matibhram kinwa bighadalela marg nasato, paraphreniya haah matibhramasarkha lakshansamuchchay aahe parantu matibhramasah. sadhyachya kalatahi, bhramala ardhangvayu mhanoon vargikrut karnyasathi sanshayaspad kinwa bhitidayak asanyachi garaj nahee. ekhadya vyaktila chhal karnyachya bhramavina paranoid schizophrenia nidan kele jaau shakate, kaaran tyanche bhram pramukhyane swatakade nirdesh karatat.
hinsacharashi sambandh.
samanyatah asey manya kele gele aahe qee, bhramniras asalelya vyaktinmadhye tyanchya vishvasanchya aadhare karvai karanyachi pravrutti asel. paranoid bhramavar aadharit kelelya vishisht prakarchya krutinvar adhik sanshodhan aavashyak aahe. kahee sanshodhakanni bhramananmule jhalelya krutinchya vividh prakaranmadhye farak karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. white aanee itar. (1993) jyaa lokanmadhye ardhyahun adhik lokanni yaa bhramananmule karvai kelee kinwa vagale asey mhatale jaate asha bhram asalelya vyaktincha abhyas karoon heey kele. tathapi, bahutansh mahitee denadhyanmadhye ekoon krutee hinsak swarupachya navhatya. lekhakanni nond ghetali aahe qee teller (1985) sarkhya itar abhyasanni asey darshavile aahe qee kahee vishisht prakarchya vyathit vyaktinmadhye, pramukhyane kaidyansarkhya aaksheparh manalya jaananya vyaktinmadhye hinsak vartane adhik samanya hotee.
itar sanshodhakanna balpaniche apmanaspad vartan aanee mansik vyaktinmadhye hinsak vartan disane yanchyatil sambandh aadhalale aahet. visheshtah tyanchya vatavaranatil sambhavya dhokyanna satat samore jaatana, aakramakta tasech itar lokanna samore jaanyat tyanchya asamarthatecha haah parinam asoo shakato. jaree yabaddal khoop charcha jhaali asali taree, bhitidayak lokanmadhye hinsak krutyanmadhye pramukh yogdan denanyanpaiki eka mhanoon dhokyakadech laksh denyacha prastav aahe. itar abhyasanni asey darshavile aahe qee konatyahi hinsak vartanas protsahan denare keval kahee prakarche bhram asoo shakatat, chhal karnare bhram yapaiki eka asalyache disate.
itarambaddal santapajanak bhavna asane aanee itar lokanna kaay vatat aahe heey samajoon ghenyat asamarthata yancha vyathit vyaktinmadhil hinsacharashi sambandh asalyache disate. heey paranoid schizophrenia (paranoid lakshane darshavina samanya mansik vikaranpaiki eka) asalelya lokanchya sahanubhootichya sambandhatil manachya kshamatechya siddhantanvar aadharit hote. yaa abhyasachya nikalanni visheshtah asey ughad kele qee jaree hinsak rugna manachya kamanchya uchch stariy siddhantat adhik yashasvi asale taree teey itaranchya bhavna kinwa davyancha arth lavnyas saksham navhate.
adhogati samajik jaaniv.
samajik manasshastriy sanshodhanane 'paranoid samajik aaklan' yaa paranoid sandnyanatmakatecha saumya prakar prastavit keela aahe, jyache mool aantar-mansik sangharshapeksha samajik nirdharkanmadhye aahe. yaa drushtikonatun asey disun yete qee saumya swarupat, samanya vyaktinmadhye paranoid sandnyanatmakata khoop samanya asoo shakate. udaharanarth, lock tyanchya dainandin jeevanat, tyanchyabaddal bolalya jaananya swakendrit vicharambaddal, itaranchya hetumbaddal shanka aanee durbhavna kinwa shatrutva (udaa.jee., lokanna asey vatoo shakate qee serve kahee tyanchya virodhat chalale aahe). crammer (1998) chya matey, paranoid sandnyanatmakateche heey saumya prakar trasdayak aanee dhokadayak samajik vatavaranacha samna karnyasathi kinwa tyacha arth lavnyasathi anukool pratisad mhanoon manale jaau shakatat.
vyathit aaklan hii kalpana dharan karate qee dysphoric aatm-chetana hii samajik vyavasthemadhye lock jyaa padavar aahet tyachyashi sambandhit asoo shakate. hii aatm-jaaniv samajik mahitivar prakriya karnyasathi atee-satark aanee jugalbandipurna paddhatila chalana dete jee shevati vividh prakarchya samajik gairsamaj aanee gairsamajanna uttejan deil. heey model chaar ghatak olakhate jeey paranoid samajik aaklan samajoon ghenyasathi aavashyak aaheth paristhitijanya purvavarti, aspasht aatm-chetana, atee satarkata aanee afava aanee nirnayatmak pakshapat.
paristhitijanya purvasthiti.
samajik vishishtata, mulyankanatmak chhanani aanee samajik sthitibaddal anishchitata.
apbhranshatmak aatm-jaaniv.
ekhadyala sakhol moolyamapan kinwa chhananikhali asalelya bhavnandware darshavilelya 'sarvajanik aatm-jaaniv' chya tivra pratikarak swarupacha sandarbh dete. aatm-yatna dene heey itaranchya vartanancha aatm-sandarbhatmak margane arth lavnyachya shakyata vadhvel.
atidakshata aanee afava.
aatm-jaaniv hii eka pratikool mansik sthitee mhanoon darshavili gelee hotee. yaa pratimananusar, aatm-jaaniv anubhavanare lock teey qamee karnyasathi atyant prerit hotil, teey kaay anubhavat aahet heey samajoon ghenyacha prayatna kartil. heey prayatna golakar sambandhanmadhye atee satarkata aanee afava pasaravanyas protsahan detatah adhik atee satarkata adhik afava nirman karate, jyavarun adhik afava adhik atee satarkata nirman karate. atidakshata haah dhokyachya samajik mahitiche moolyankan karnyacha eka marg mhanoon vichar keela jaau shakato, parantu anukool satarkatechya ulat, atidakshata hii uttejana, bheeti, chinta aanee dhokyachi dharana yanchi uchch patali nirman karel. afava pasaravane haah samajik mahitila dhoka nirman karnyasathicha aanakhi eka sambhavya pratisad aahe. afava hii ardhangvayu samajik aakalanshaktishi sambandhit asoo shakate kaaran tee nakaratmak ghatanambaddal nakaratmak vichar vadhavu shakate aanee nirashavadi spashtikaranatmak shaili jagrut karoo shakate.
nirnayatmak aanee sandnyanatmak pakshapat.
teen mukhya nirnayatmak parinam olakhale gele aaheth
meta-vishleshananni pushti kelee aahe qee paranoya asalelya vyakti nishkarshaparyant pohochanyacha cull dakhavtat aanee agadi bhram-tatasth paristhitisathi dekhil tyanchya nirnayanmadhye teey aparivartaniy asatat.
sanshodhan.
eka abhyasat asey suchavale gele aahe qee sandnyanatmak vartanukichya upcharpaddhatiche (see. bii. tii.) slomosah sanyojan, jeey eka app aahe jeey tyanchya "gair-upayukt jalad-vichar" chee dakhal ghenyas madat karate, teey keval see. bii. tii. peksha manovikarachya lokanmadhye paranoya upcharansathi adhik prabhavi asoo shakate.