
callogero visini

callogero "donn callo" visini (; 24 julai 1877-10 julai 1954) haah sisilitil caltanisetta prantatil vilalbacha cicilian mafiya boss hota. dusya mahayuddhanantar 1954 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant visini haah sisilicha sarvat prabhavshali aanee prasiddha mafiya boss manla jaat asey. prasarmadhyamandhye tyala anekada "bosscha boss" mhanoon chitrit kele jaat asey-jaree kosa nasikachya sail sanrachanet asey padd astitvat nahee.
1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat gayab jhalelya grameen mafiyanchya pitrutvavadi 'sanmananiy vyakti' chaa too aadarsh hota. tyaa kalat, mafiyosokade kahijan samajik madhyasth aanee suvyavastha aanee shantatesathi ubha asalela manus mhanoon pahat asat. aaplya karkirdichya pahilya tappyat, tyanni aapale sthan prasthapit karnyasathi hinsacharacha vapar keela, parantu dusya tappyat, tyanni hinsacharacha avalamb maryadit keela, pramukhyane utpannachya kayadeshir strotankade valale aanee aaplya sattecha khulya aanee vaidh paddhatine vapar keela.
1943 madhye sisilivaril aakramanadarmyan mitrapakshanchya sainyala thet mafiyanchya pathimbyachya itihasatil visini heey madhyavarti patra aahe. dusya mahayuddhanantar, too mitrapakshanchya tabyat asatana kosa nasika punha sthapit karnyache aanee tyanantar facist rajvatit dadapshahinantar lokshahichya punarsanchayanache moort swaroop banala. suruvatila, tyanni futiratavadi chalvalila pathimba deela, parantu jevha cicilly swatantrya vyavharya nasalyache spasht jhaale tevha tyanni khrishchan democratic pakshaprati nishtha badalali.
1954 madhye jevha tyanche nidhan jhaale, tevha kalya rangache kapade paridhan kelele hajaro shetkari aanee uchch darjache mafiya, rajkarani aanee pujari tyanchya antyasanskarat sahbhagi jhaale. antyasanskarachya upakhyanat asey mhatale hote qee, "tyacha 'mafiya' gunhegari navhata, parantu kayadyacha aadar, serve hakkanche sanrakshn, charitryachya mahanatesathi ubha hota. teey prem hote. tathapi, donn callocha sattevar yene aanee sattevaril chikati hii khandani, hinsa aanee hatyeshi jodaleli hotee. eka serve shaktishali mafiya boss mhanoon visinichi pratishtha pauranik pramanaparyant vadhali, parantu agadi alikade itihaskaranni tyachi tivrata qamee kelee aahe.
vilalbamadhil suruvatichi varshe.
visinicha janm kaltanisetta prantatil vilalba yaa gavat jhaala, jyachi loksankhya tyaveli andaje 4,000 hotee. sisilichya madhyabhagi asalela haah bhag, jyala 'valone' mhanoon olakhale jaate, haah eka garib pradesh hota jithe bahutek lock udarnirvah shetivar jagayache. tyache vadil, beniyamino visini, eka shetkari hote, parantu thode adhik shrimant kutumbat lagn karnyat yashasvi jhaale jyanchyakade kahee jameen hotee. tyachya aaichya kutumbatil eka sadasya, guseppe scarlata, catholic charchmadhye uchch pratishthela pohochala hota. callogeroche bhau, jiovanni aanee giuseppe (tyach navachya notochya bishpashi gondhal ghaloo nakaa), doghehi vilalbamadhye pujari banale. callogero visini matra ardh-sakshar hota aanee tyane prathamik shaala purn kelee navhati.
vilalbache mafiya tulanene alikadil moolche hote, kaaran teey 1860 chya dashakat parat gele navhate, joou kaal palermochya aaspas mafiya udayas aala asey manale jaate. tyachi suruvat khajgi sanrakshanacha eka prakar mhanoon jhaali aanee tyacha mothya malmatteshi farsa sambandh nahee, jase itar anek grameen bhaganmadhye hote, jithe anek maphiosi anupasthit jamindaransathi kaljivahu aanee bhadepattidharak (gabeloto kinwa dandadhikari) mhanoon suru jhaale.
1890 chya dashakat, tarun callogero visinis kahee lokanni grameen bhagat shantata aanee surakshitatechya abhavabaddal kahitari karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyaa velee rajya police dalala brigedsberoberch dhoka hota. asha prakare vilalba mafiya church-prayojit sanghatananchya sadasyatvavar kendrit eka paryayi samajik shasson mhanoon udayas aale jyamule lakshaniy samajik bhandwal nirman jhaale. nantar tyache rupantar eka sanrakshn racketmadhye jhaale, hinsachar, dhamkya aanee omertadvare gavkari aanee jamindaranna samanpane balee padale.
donn callo yanni ekada spasht kele qee jevha italichya sarvat prasiddha patrakaranpaiki eka, indro montanelli yanni 'koriere della sera' sathee (30 aktoobar 1949) tyanchi mulakhat ghetali tevha tyanni mafiya kase pahileh
ekekali, visinichya gunhegari dastaivajat 39 hatya, sahaa hatyanche prayatna, 13 khajgi hinsacharachya ghatana, 36 darode, 37 choree aanee 63 khandani yancha samavesh hota.
prarambhik karkird.
visini haah eka 'cancia' banala, joou shetkari tyancha gahoo pithat daloo ichchit hota aanee kinaadhyaajaval asalelya giranya yanchyatil madhyasth hota. konatihi spardha sahan naan karananya mafiyosinni girnyanvar niyantran thewale. vilalbachya babatit giranya sumare 80 kilometer antaravar hotya. darodekhoranni trast jhalelya rastyanvaril girnyanmadhye dhanya surakshitpane pohochavane heey sope kaam navhate.
tyane darodekhor francesco paolo versalona yachyapasun sanrakshanachi vyavastha kelee, jyache lapoon rahane kammarata parvatanmadhye hote. kathit 'sanmananiy vyakti' asalelya versalona yanni shetkyanchya bandanna dadapanyasathi kuleen jamindaranna manushyabal dekhil puravale. visinyne tyacha 'cancia' vyavasay chalavatana varsalonachya bandmadhye pravesh ghetala. doghannahi 1902 madhye atak karnyat aalee jevha varsalonacha band shevati polisanni ubharalelya sapalyat adakala. visinivar urvarit bandsobat 'gunha karnyasathi sanghatana' mhanoon khatala chalala-parantu nirdosh mukt jhalelya mojkya lokanpaiki too eka hota.
yaa ghataneche kahee nakaratmak parinam jhaale. 1908 madhye, visinyne belisi malmattecha motha bhag sampadan karnyas saksham jhaale jevha tyane parismadhye rahnara duke francisco thomas dii barberine aanee sthanik grameen banq "kassa rurele", jyache adhyaksh, pujari scarlata, visiniche kaka hote, yanchyat madhyasthi kelee. vizinikade 290 hector jameen hotee aanee urvarit rakkam udarpane catholic shetkyanna bhadepattivar denyasathi bankevar sodali.
pahile mahayuddha aanee tyanantar.
1914 paryant, pahile mahayuddha suru jhaale tevha, visini haah vilalbamadhil mafiyacha nirvivad pramukh hota. jevha italian sainyane ghodadal aanee tofkhanyasathi sisilimadhye ghode aanee khachcharanchi magani kelee tevha yuddhane mafiyosinna aatm-samruddhisathi naveen sandhee pradan kelya. visinyne tyala jababdanya sopavanyasathi lashkari aayogashi karar keela. jyaa pranyanchya malakanna magani talhaychi hotee, asha pranyanvar tyanni nivadanuk curr vasool keela. tyaa prasangi bhatkya pranyansathi, jeey bhatkya pranyankadun qamee kimmatit kharedi karat aanee sainyala bajarbhavane vikat asat, tyancha dalalahi too hota.
tathapi, barech ghode aanee khachchar yuddhbhumivar pohochanyapurvich aajaranmule kinwa mhatarpanamule maran pavale aanee lashkarane chaukashiche aadesh dile. 1917 madhye, visinila fasavanuk, bhrashtachar aanee khoon kelyabaddal pahilyanda 20 varshanchi shiksha sunavanyat aalee, parantu shaktishali mitranni tyachi nirdosh muktata kelee, tyamule tyachi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee. pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan tyanni kalya bajarat aapale bhagya kamavale aanee sulfurchya khaninparyant tyanche karya vistarle. sulfur khaan chalakanchya samoohacha pratinidhi mhanoon, visinyne rome aanee londonmadhye sarkari anudan aanee darambabatchya uchchastariy baithakanmadhye bhag ghetala, tyanantar montekatini rasayanik udhyoganche guido dodagani aanee benito musolinichya facist rajvatit arthamantri guido jung yanchyasarkhe lock hote.
donn callo yanni 1922 madhye aapale bhagya aanakhi prasthapit kele jevha tyanni asantusht shetkanyanche netrutva kele jyanni kuleen anupasthit jamindarankadun jameen hiskavoon ghetali. visinyne vilalba pradeshat teen malmatta kharedi kelya; tyane tyanchi vibhagani kelee aanee kahinchya matey, eka paisahi naan kamavata, tyanni sthapan kelelya sahkari sansthekade sopavalya. eka sthanik gavkyachya mhananyanusar, pratyek shetkyala jameen midali asali taree donn calone 12,000 ekarpeksha (49 chauras kiimii) jaast jameen swatahsathi thewali.
tyaa velee, german samajshastradnyanchya matey, visini sahajpane swatah sansadiy up mhanoon nivadoon yeu shakala asata. taridekhil, tyanni parshvabhoomit rahane pasant kele aanee tyaeivaji matdar aanee nivadoon aalelya adhikanyanna sallah dene pasant kele, paropkari hitkartyachi bhoomika bajavat, tyanche grahak aanee pratishtha balkat kelee. julai 1922 madhye milanmadhye italicha bhavee shasak benito musolinisobat teey eka ratrichya jevanat upasthit hote aanee aktoobar 1922 madhye musolini romvar kelelya morchache samarthan kele, aanee sisilihoon kooch kelelya stambhala arthsahayya kele.
matra, adhikaanyaanee tyala dhokadayak gunhegar mhanoon soochibaddha kele. 1926 chya polisanchya ahavalat visiniche varnan 'dhokadayak guranche gurakhi, itar prantanchya guranche gurakhi aanee mafiyoshi sambandhit prantatil mafiya boss' asey kele aahe."musolini aanee facist rajvatichya udayasah, visiniche nasheeb badalale. musolini sisilivar pratispardhi shakti sahan kelee nahee. tyane sizare moreela palermocha pramukh mhanoon niyukt kele aanee mafiyacha chhal karnyasathi vishesh adhikar dile. visinyne moreene turungat takalyacha dawa keela, parantu konatihi aitihasik nond nahee. donn calover 8 janewari 1931 roji khatala chalavanyat aala aanee tyachi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee. tathapi, polisanni tyala basilicata yetheel turungat pathvanyacha nirnay ghetala. 1937 madhye too vilalbala paratala aanee konihi tyacha chhal karnyache dhadas kele nahee. turungwas asoonahi too niyamitpane vilalba aanee kaltanisettamadhye disala aanee ughadpane facist nasatanahi tyane tyache jeevan shantatet jagale.
sisilivar mitrapakshanchya aakramanala kathit pathimba.
julai 1943 madhye, callogero visinyne dusya mahayuddhadarmyan sisilivaril aakramanadarmyan (operation huskey) kathitpane american sainyala madat kelee. december 1941 madhye americene yuddhat pravesh kelyapasoon, newyork shaharachya tatbhagala aksh shaktinchya vidhvansapasun vachavanyasathi, naudal guptachar karyalayane (oo. aine. aay.) americet mafiya pathimbyachi bharati kelee hotee. oo. aine. aay. neey lucky luciano aanee tyacha bhagidar myer lansky, eka jyoo gund, hyanna operation underworld mhanoon sambodhale jaat hote, hyamadhye sahkarya kele. parinami mafiya samparkancha vapar us auphis auph strategic services (oss)-kendriya guptachar sansthecha (cia) yuddhakalin purvavarti-sisilichya aakramanadarmyan keela gela. nantar, betavaril italian communist pakshachi vadhati takad rokhanyasathi yutee kayam thevanyat aalee.
lokpriy dantkatha ashee aahe qee aakramanachya divashi americi lashkarachya vimanane vilalbavarun uddan kele hote aanee kalya ell (luciano darshavinara) chinhankit pivalya rangacha resheem follard takala hota. done divasannantar, teen american takya shatruchya pradeshatoon tees mail chalavun vilalbamadhye ghusalya. donn callogero jahajavar chadhala aanee pudhil sahaa divas paschim sisilimadhun pravas karat pudhe jaananya american sainikanna pathimba denyasathi sanghatit keela. general pattoncha tisra vibhag jasjasa pudhe sarkat gela, mafiyachya pathimbyavar tyache avalambitva asalyachi chinhe sthanik lokansathi spasht hotee. mafiyanni sniperspasoon rastyanche sanrakshn kele, pudhe jaananya sainyasathi utsahi swagat kele aanee gondhalat takna dongral pradeshat margdarshak dile.
maphiosine americi sainyala pathimba deela, tarr alikadil sanshodhanane sarvat gambhir itihaskaranna lucianochya fouldchi aakhyayika fetalanyas pravrutt kele aahe. tyaveli sisilichya itar bhaganmadhye visini adnyat hotee aanee prefect morichya karvayanmule mafiyache jaale tutalyamule tichi ekoon shakti navhati. itihaskar salvatore lupo yanchya mateh
itihaskar team newarkne tyachya 'mafiya alliance' yaa pustakat hii dantkatha ughad kelee aahe. eka aavrutti jee kadachit satyachya adhik jawal aahe tee mhanje visinyne sthanikanchya eka shishtamandalala eka sahyogi gastkaryala bhetanyasathi netrutva kele, jyachya senapatine prabhari asalelya konashihi bolanyas sangitale hote. tyanni sthanik itihaskar luigi lumiyacha hawala deela, jyane varnan kele qee callogero visinichya netrutvakhalil lokanchi miravanuk 'america dirghayushya prapt qaraa', 'mafiya dirghayushya prapt qaraa', 'donn callo dirghayushya prapt qaraa' yaa ghoshanansah takyanchya dishene kashee gelee. visinila vilalbabaheril eka kamand postvar nenyat aale aanee gastivar asalelya american jeepcha samavesh asalelya nuktyach jhalelya golibarabaddal tyachi chaukashi karnyat aalee. jevha visinyne heey spasht kele qee italian sainik paloon gele aahet aanee golibar darugola sphotamule jhaala aahe, tevha nirash jhalelya american lashkarachya adhikaone ashlilatechya pravahat tyacha raag baher kadhala. yaa ghatanemule visinila purnapane laaj vatali aanee tyane tyachya dubhashyala kaay ghadale teey konalahi naan sanganyache aadesh dile.
vilalbache mahapour.
aakraman samplyanantarach mafiya punha vishvasarh jhaale. kabja kelelya pradeshanchya (aamgot) mitrarashtranchya lashkari sarkarne, facist adhikadhyanchya jaagi facistvirodhi ullekhaneey vyaktincha shodh ghet donn callogero visini yanna vilalbache mahapour tasech american sainyache manad curnell banavale. sisilivaril aakraman aanee facismchya patananantarchya gondhalat, american sainya anekada konavar vishvas thevayacha yavar sallyasathi varishtha charchchya lokanvar avalambun hote. donn callo haah shifaras kelelyanpaiki eka hota. catholic samajik nidhimadhye tyancha sahbhag asalyachi pradirgh nond hotee aanee tyanchya kutumbat anek padri hote.
tyaa velee eka sakshidarane visinichya niyuktiche varnan keleh "jevha donn callo visinila shaharacha mahapour karnyat aale, tevha jawaljawal sampoorn loksankhya chaukat jamali hotee. garib italian bhashet bolatana, haah american leftnunt mhanala, 'haah tumcha swami aahe'."visinichya swatachya vruttanusar, jyaa divashi tyane mahapour mhanoon padbhar swikarla tyaa divashi tyala vilalbamadhun khanda unchavar uchalanyat aale. tyane shantata prasthapit karnara mhanoon kaam kelyacha dawa keela; keval tyachya hastakshepane tyachya facist purvavartila linchingpasoon vachavale.
lucianochya apkrutyachya aakhyayikechi pratham nond karananya michel pantellionne tyachya mool gavee asalelya vilalbamadhye mafiyache punarujjivan pahile. tyanni aamgotchya dhorananche parinam varnan keleh
american adhikaanyaanee visiniche kautuk kele, kaaran tyane facistanna virodh keela hota aanee betavar tyala bhareev rajkiy satta midali hotee. visinichya babatit, tyala americananshi asalelya tyachya utkrusht samparkambaddal badhai marayala aanee futiratavadi chalvalila tyancha pathimba adhorekhit karayala aavadat asey. futiratavadi sankatachya kalat nantar visini eka mahattvacha kheladu banel. americansani visinila mafiyancha ekandar boss mhanoon vagavale aahe asey disate. oes tyachya buddhimattesathi mafiyavar aanee visheshtah visinivar avalambun hote. gupt sanvadanmadhye tyache sanketik naav 'bail bedook' hote. kahee kalasathi, osa palermo karyalayache pramukh joseph ruso, tyala aanee itar mafiya bosna 'mahinyatoon kiman ekada' bhetale.
kaala bajar raja.
tyachya utkrusht sambandhanmule, visini yuddhanantarchya mothya kaala bajarpethecha 'raja' dekhil banala aanee tyane vilalbachya atee jidnyasu police pramukhala thaar maranyachi vyavastha kelee. amgot haah mafiya varr avalambun hota, jyanna benito musolinichya netrutvakhalil dadapshahimule kattar facistvirodhi manale jaat hote. giuseppe genco ruso sarkhya itar anek mafiyosinna tyanchya swatachya gavanche mahapour mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. newyorkche majee leftnunt-governor curnell charles poleti heey aamgot prayatnanche samanvay sadhat hote, jyanche varnan luciano yanni ekada "aamchya changlya mitranpaiki eka" asey kele hote."
eka shetakyane 1950 chya dashakat samajik karyakarte danillo dolcinna sangitale qee american utarlyanantar vilalbamadhye paristhiti kashee hotih mafiyanni "krishi sahkari sansthanchi bhandare aanee lashkarachya bhandare lutali; kalya bajarat palermomadhye ann, kapade, qaar aanee laurie vikalya. vilalbamadhye, serve satta tyanchya hatat hotih church, mafiya, shetichya banka, latifundia, serve ekach kutumbachya hatat... ekjan jaaun tyala bhetaycha aanee vicharayacha, 'tuu majhyavar hii upkar karoo shaktos qaa? 'agadi eka chhotyasha afearsathihi dusya vyaktishi hote."'
hatyecha aarop jhalyanantar 1937 madhye italila paloon gelelya american gund vito genovices visinyne dakshin italitil sarvat mothya kalya bajaratil mohimanpaiki eka sthapan kelee. donn callogero yanni italian aaharasathi aavashyak asalelya serve moolbhut khadyapadarthanni bharalelya truckchya kafilyanna uttarela bhukelya napplekade pathavale, jithe tyanche maal genovice sanghatanedware vitarit kele gele. serve truckna emgot prashasanane naples aanee sisilimadhye paas aanee niryat kagadpatre dilee hotee aanee kahee bhrasht american lashkari adhikaanyaanee yaa mohimet petrol aanee truckche yogdanahi dile hote. italitil tyachya kalat genoviceche anusaran karnyasathi niyukt kelelya carabineerimadheel leftnunt luke monzeli yanchya mateh "vizinipasoon genovisla annadhanyacha puravatha truckne pathavala jaat asey-serve yogya kagadpatransah jeey adhikaratil purushanni, visini aanee genovischya sevet asalelya mafiya sadasyanni pramanit kele hote."
futiratavadyanna pathimba dene.
visinyne suruvatila sisilimadhye futiratavadi chalvalila pathimba deela. 6 december 1943 roji, visinyne cataniamadhye cicilian swatantrya chalvalichya (movimento independentista ciciliano-miss) cicilian futiratavadi chalvalichya pahilya gupt pradeshik parishadet bhag ghetala. giuseppe genco ruso, getano philipone, michel navara aanee francesco paolo bonted yansarkhya itar pramukh mafiya pramukhannihi futiratavadyanprati asaleli sahanubhooti lapavali nahee. oo. ess. ess. chya gupt pathimbyacha futiratavadyanna fayda jhaala. italine 1943-1944 madhye davikade valanyacha anubhav ghetalyamule, american sainya italitil tyanchya bhavishyatil sambhavyatebaddal adhikadhik chintit jhaale. betache naudal tall aanee bhoomadhyasagariy pradeshatil dhoranatmak sthanane italian mukhya bhoomivaril samyavadala bhavishyatil sambhavya pratibandhachi sandhee dilee. italian communist pakshache sadasyatva duppat jhaale hote aanee uttarekadil mothya pramanat davya prerit pratikar chalval balkat hott hotee.
9 december 1943 roji futiratavadi chalvalichya kendriya samiteene palermo yethe gupt baithak ghetali. visinichya upasthitine swatantryasathi mafiyancha pathimba soochit keela aanee chalvalivar niyantran thevanyachya tyanchya prayatnat puranmatvadi shakhela madat kelee. chalvalitil sarvat mahattvachya netyanpaiki eka asalelya barren lucio tasca yanchyashi visinyne samaan matey mandali aanee adhik purogami shakhene nishedh karoonahi, visini caltanisetta prantache pratinidhitva karananya baithakit rahila.
nantar, visinyne futiratavadi chalvalichi eka upgrah rajkiy sanstha, 'front democratic dii' ordeen ciciliano 'chey pratinidhitva kele. front democratic' neey mafiyanchi chukichya goshtinna purnapane vachanbaddha honyachi sankoch darshavila. front betavar lokpriy hota aanee american prabhavakhali sisilichya swatantryache samarthan karat hota. jaree americansani thampane jore deela qee sanyukt rajyanna 49 weey rajya mhanoon sikali nako hote, 1944 chya uttaradhat kahinni dawa keela qee frontchya kalpana amerikechya pracharamule hotya jyanni aakramanapurvi futiratavadala protsahan dile hote. aaghadichya netyanni afava pasaravalya qee tyanna amerikecha pathimba aanee sanrakshn aahe. tyache anek sadasya "uchch mafiyatil leftnunt" hote aanee visinila tyacha neta manale jaat asey.
palermo yetheel americi vanijyadut alfried tii. yanchyakadun vargikrut gupt preshan. pudhe, amerikechya pararashtra vibhagala futiratavadi chalvalit visinicha sahbhag aanee italian lashkari adhikadhyancha gupt pathimba dakhva. nesterche aaghadichya mafiyoshi changle sambandh hote. general guseppe castellano-jyane 1943 madhye italishi yuddhaviramasathi vataghati kelya-aanee visinyne mafiyachya pathimbyane cicilian svayattatesathichya chalvaliche netrutva deu karnyasathi trapani rajkaranachi bhet ghetali. khristi lokshahivadi salvatore aldicio yaa aavadatya vyaktila virodh karnyasathi sisilisathi uchchayuktapadacha umedvar mhanoon nasila manchavar aananyachi yojana hotee.
mafiya hii sarvat majboot rajkiy aanee samajik shakti aahe yachee castellanola khatri patali. tyane mafiya netyanshi sauhardpurn sambandh prasthapit karnyas suruvat kelee. generalcha assa vishvas hota qee jarr "purvi junya aanee aadaraniy maaf (eff) aay. aii. dware vaparali jaanari pranali cicilian drushyavar parat aalee tarr kayada aanee suvyavastha purvavat kelee jaau shakate". castellanone mafiya netyanshi sampark sadhala aanee tyanna anek vela bhetale. tyala visiniche sahkarya midale, jyane futiratavadala pathimba deela hota, parantu aata pradeshik svayattatechya dishene betachya rajkiy paristhitit badal ghadavun aananyasathi tayar hota.
khrishchan democratskade sthalantarit hone.
bahutek mafiyosinni lavkarach paksh badalale, khrishchan democratic partymadhye ("democrazia christiana"-dii. see.) sameel jhaale jevha heey spasht jhaale qee swatantra cicilly vyavharya nahee aanee oo. ess. ess. neey 1945 madhye nishabdapane futiratavadi chalvalila pathimba deela aanee dii. see. kadey valale. pakshachya netyanpaiki eka asalelya bernardo materela yanni futiratavadyanna sodoon khristi lokshahivadi pakshat sameel honyasathi visinishi sampark sadhala. 1945 madhye catholic vruttapatratil eka lekhat tyanni visinichya dii. see. madhye sameel honyache swagat kele.
visinyne betachya dhanyachya samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi-august 1944 madhye uchchayukt mhanoon niyukt jhalelya aldiciola bhetanyachi tayari darshavali, yacha arth assa qee tyachyakade tase karnyacha adhikar aahe. yaa vishayavar charcha karnyasathi aldicio aanee visini kadhihi bhetale yacha konatahi purava nahee. tathapi, aldisone, visinishi maitri kelelya eka sahkari khrishchan lokshahivadi aanee mafiya sadasyala, khrishchan lokshahivadyansobat gupt melavyasathi aamantrit kele. mafiyansobatchya sarkari yutitil pahile paul mhanoon yaa baithakankade pahile gele. aldiciochi niyukti haah futiratavadi chalvalila parabhoot karnyachya sarkarchya nirdharacha pahila sanket asalyache mafiya sardaranni manale. tyanna aata tyanchya samarthanacha punarvichar karnyas bhag padale gele.
dii. see. laa visinicha pathimba heey kahee gupit navhate. 1948chya nirnayak nivadnukanmadhye, jeey italichya yuddhottar bhavishyacha nirnay ghetil, visini aanee genco ruso heey pramukh dii. see. rajkarnyansamvet ekach mejavar basoon, eka nivadanuk jevanala upasthit rahile. shityuddhachya suruvatichya kalat, 1948 chya nivadanuka khrishchan democratsasathi eka vijay hota, jeey pudhil 45 varshe vegvegalya yutimadhye chadh-utaransah italivar rajya kartil. nato sadasya deshamadhil sarvat motha communist paksh asalelya italian communist pakshala sattepasoon door thevane haah tyacha eka mukhya uddesh hota.
vilalba ghatana.
sisileey shetkyanchya jaminisathichya ladhyala virodh karananya kattar samyavadvirodhi visinyne yuddhanantarchya donhi kalkhandat aaplya bhagat swatachya shetkari sahkari sanstha sthapan kelya, jyadvare tyanni davya pakshanchya aavahanala dishabhul kelee, shetkyanvar aapali pakad kayam thewali aanee jaminivar swatachya akhand praveshachi hummy dilee. palermo yetheel trabia kutumbatil mothya malmattechya michichechya bhadepattivarun, vilalbamadhye italian samajvadi pakshachi ('partito socialista italiano'-pii. ess. aay.) sthapana karananya michel pantalione yanchya netrutvakhalil shetkari sahkari sanstheshi tyancha tivra vaad hota. visinyne pantellionla tyachya bhachishi lagn karnyasathi patvoon denyacha khoop prayatna keela hota, parantu too ayashasvi jhaala. pantellionne davya pankhanchya presseh tyacha fayda ghetala. tyaa badalyat, donn callo yanni pantellion kutumbachya jaminivaril pikanchi todafod karanyachi vyavastha kelee. pantellionchya jivavar eka ayashasvi prayatnahi jhaala.
16 september 1944 roji, sisilimadhil 'blocko dell popolo' (lokpriy aaghadi) chey nete, communist girolamo lii kausi aanee pantellion, vilalbamadhil eka sabhet bhoomiheen majuranshi bolanyasathi gele, donn callo yanna tyanchya swatachya vaiyaktik jagirdarpanat aavhan dile. sakali, jevha khrishchan democrat mahapour benemino farina-visiniche natevaik tasech mahapour mhanoon tyanche uttaradhikari-yanni rastyavaril imaratinmadhun serve hatoda aanee sickle chinhe mitavanyache aadesh deuun sthanik communistanna santapt kele, jyavar lii kausi shaharat pravesh karnar hota, tevha tanav vadhala. jevha tyanchya samarthakanni nishedh keela, tevha futiratavadi aanee gundanni tyanna dhamkavale.
dupari ushira morcha suru jhaala. joparyant jaminichya samasya, mothya vasahati kinwa mafiyanche nirakaran kele jaat nahee toparyant baithakila parvanagi denyas visinyne sahmati darshavali hotee. lii kausichya aadhiche, jyamadhye pantellion hote, asey donhi vakte visinichya aadnyanche palan karat asat. lii kausine tase kele nahee. tyane mafiyanchya anyaykarak shoshanacha nishedh keela aanee jevha lii kausi 'eka shaktishali bhadepattidar' dware shetkanyanchi fasavanuk kashee kelee jaat aahe yabaddal bolu lagla-visinicha eka patalsar chhadm sandarbh-tevha mafiya boss mhanalah 'heey khote aahe'. gondhal udala. hii rally golibarat sampali, jyat lii kausi aanee pantelliones 14 lock jakhami jhaale. sahaa mahinyanantar visinyne michiche estatesathi bhadepatti midavali.
futiratavadi vruttapatranmadhye prakashit jhalelya 'laa verita suee fatti dee vilalba' (vilalbamadhil ghatanambaddalache satya) yaa visinichya swatachya vruttanusar, communistach golibarala suruvat kelee hotee. jevha pantellion aanee lii kausi shaharat aale, tevha tyanni visinila vicharale qee teey shatruchya pradeshat aahet qaa aanee tyanchi bhet viskalit houu shakate qaa. visinyne tyanna aashvasan dile qee, jarr teey sthanik babinvar naan bolanyaitaki kalji ghet asateel tarr konatyahi prakarchya adthalyachya bhitishivay tyanchi baithak aayojit karnyas teey swatantra aahet. visinyne kabool kele qee tyane lii kausila adthala aanala, parantu tyane hinsachar petavala hota heey nakarle. carabinearyne twarit suvyavastha purvavat kelee aanee mahapourasah aath jananna atak kelee. visinis itar anekanni polisanchya jaalyatun pall kadhala. saath lokanchi chaukashi karnyat aalee, parantu suruvatipasunach tapas nishfal tharala. (donn callo aanee tyachya angarkshakavar manavhakk karnyachya prayatnacha aarop karnyat aala hota. khatala 1958 paryant lambanivar padala, parantu 1946 paryant purave aadhich gayab jhaale hote. visinila kadhihi doshi tharvanyat aale nahee kaaran nikalachya veleparyant too aadhich melah hota.)
vilalba hallyamule rajkiy karyakarte, kamgar sanghatana nete aanee mafiya rajvaticha virodh karananya samanya shetkyanvar sisilimadhye mafiya hallyanchya dirgh malikeche udghatan jhaale. tyanantarchya varshanmadhye, anek davya vicharsaranichya netyancha mrutyu jhaala kinwa tyanchyavar hallah jhaala, jyacha shevat portela della genestra yethe 1 meey roji jhalelya kamgar sanchalanat 11 lokancha mrutyu aanee teesahoon adhik jann jakhami jhaale. portela della genestra hatyakand heey darodekhor aanee futiratavadi nete salvatore giuliano yanna dile gele. taridekhil, yaa raktapatat aanee davya sanghatana aanee netyanvaril itar anek hallyanmadhye mafiyacha sahbhag asalyacha sanshay hota.
american gundanshi sambandh.
1949 madhye, visini aanee italian-american gunhegari boss lucky luciano yanni palermomadhye candy karkhana ubharala, joou sampoorn europe aanee americet utpadane niryat karat hota. heey heroinchya taskariche aavaran asalyacha polisanna sanshay hota. 11 april 1954 paryant prayogshala akhandapane karyarat hotee, jevha roman dainik 'avanti!"" "amali padarthanchya margavar kapad aanee mithai" "yaa shirshakakhali karkhanyache chhayachitra prakashit kele". tyaa sandhyakali karkhana bund karnyat aala aanee prayogshaletil rasayanshastradnyanchi taskari deshabaher karnyat aalyache sanganyat aale.
1950 madhye, donn callochya angarakshakanshi bolat, nehmi donn callo visiniche nivassthan asalelya junya palermochya madhyabhagi asalelya hottel solsamor lucky lucianoche chhayachitra kadhale gele. chhayachitrakarala marhan karnyat aalee, parantu mahagada naveen camera aanee rokh rakkam midalyanantar tyane kadhihi adhikanyanna hii vastusthiti sangitali nahee. visiniche jaale united statesmadhye pohochale jethe too filadelfiyacha bhavee kautumbik boss angelo analorola olakhat hota, jyala angelo bruno mhanoon olakhale jaate, joou vilalbamadhye janmala hota.
boss auph boss?
prasarmadhyamandhye, visinila anekada "bosscha boss" mhanoon chitrit kele gele-jaree kosa nasikachya sail sanrachanet ashee sthitee astitvat navhati aanee nantar mafiya dalalidaranni too kadhihi sisilimadhye mafiyacha boss hota heey nakarle. pentito tommaso busetta nusar, kosa nasamadhye 'capo dei cappy' kinwa 'boss auph boss' hii padvi astitvat navhati. lekhak johnn dikichya matey, "prashna assa aahe qee mafiyachya baher too jitka prasiddha hota titkach too mafiyachya aatahi prabal hota qaa?"futiratavadi chalvalila mafiyanchya pathimbyachya babatit, kosa nasikachya itar pramukhanni visinila bajula sarle, jyala kattarpanthi futiratavadi nete andrea phenochiaro april aanee lucio tasca yanchyashi asalelya tyachya sambandhanmule kalankit manale jaat hote. yaa varishthanna betavaril darodekhoranshi kinwa ivisashi kahihi deneghene navhate, jyanchyashi visini aanee lucio tasca yancha sambandh asalyacha sanshay hota. pentito antonio calderonanusar visini haah sisilichya kosa nasikacha boss kadhich navhata.
taridekhil, visinyne lakshaniy shakti midavali. visinila changle olakhanyacha dawa karnare italian patrakar luigi barzini yanni tyanchya 'daad italian' yaa pustakat vilalbamadhye tyanchi pratishtha aanee dainandin jivanache varnan kele aaheh
visinichi udar aanee sanrakshanatmak paddhat, vatananya lokanchi aadarpurvak shubhechha, tyachyakade yenanya lokanchi vinamrata, jevha too tyanchyashi bolala tevha krutadnyateche smit, barzinila eka pracheen drushyachi aathvan karoon deteh eka rajkumar darbarat ubha aahe aanee sarvajanikpane nyay deto. tathapi, barzini assa nishkarsh dekhil kadhala, "arthat, tyachya karkirditil anek balee disalele navhate, ardhya shatkahoon adhik kaal grameen bhagat golyanni bharalele anek mrutdeh, radnanya vidhva, anath anath."
vilalbache majee mahapour aanee sthanik itihaskar luigi lumia yanna donn callo vilalbachya rastyanvar chalalyache aathavateh
tyachi satta keval tyachya gavich maryadit navhati, tarr sisilivar uchch padanvarhi pohochali. indro montanellichya matey, visini pradeshik adhyaksh, prefect, palermoche cardinal-archbishop aanee sisiliche konatehi deputy kinwa mahapour yanna tyala havey tevha konatyahi adchanishivay durdhvanivar sampark sadhu shakat hota. lumia mhanate qee visinyne kadhihi konala spashtapane thaar maranyache aadesh dile naheet.
mrutyu.
donn callo visini 10 julai 1954 roji vayachya 76 vya varshi, tyala palermo yetheel eka davakhanyatun gharee nenanya rugnavahikene vilalbamadhye pravesh kartana maran pavala. kalya rangache kapade paridhan kelele hajaro shetkari aanee rajkarani aanee pujari tyanchya antyasanskrutit sahbhagi jhaale, jyat musomeli boss giuseppe genco ruso aanee palermoche (bhavishyatil mafiya boss stephano bontedche vadil) shaktishali boss donn francesco paolo bonted yancha samavesh hota-jeey eka palberer hote. agadi 'daad newyork times' neey dekhil yaa sthanik mafiya pramukhanchya mrutyuchi batami dilee.
vilalbachi sarvajanik karyalaye aanee khrishchan lokshahi mukhyalay shokat eka aathvadyasathi bund hote. charchchya daravar vizinisathi eka shokgit bandhanyat aale hote. tyat asey lihile hoteh
 tyanni gandhak, jameen, ghare aanee vividh guntavanukiche andaje done abj lira (tyaa velee vinimay daranusar sumare 3,20,000 americi dollars) sodale. itar strotannusar, tyane eka abj italian lirachi (sumare 160,000 dollars) varsahakk tyachya natwandanna, tyachya bahinichya mulansathi, jyat gesolungomadhil gandhak khanee, jameen-malki aanee vilalbachya madhyabhagi eka haveli yancha samavesh aahe, sodoon gela. donn callo vayachya 20 vya varshi consetina yaa sthanik mulishi premprakaranantar avivahit rahila hota. tathapi, tiche ivadil americet rahat hote aanee teela gheuun aale aanee visinila tyacha mool vilalba sodaycha navhata.
varsa.
jaree visinyne tyachya sampoorn aayushyat vyapak jameen-malki midavali asali, taree mafiya itihaskar salvatore lupo tyala tyaa vyavasthecha snrakshak nasoon mothya saranjami malmattecha malak manato. tyane tyachi kapani surakshit kelyanantar, sthanik shetkyanna (visheshtah catholic sahkari sansthanmadhye sanghatit asalelya) tyancha vaataa milel yachee khatri dekhil visinyne kelee. shevati 1950 madhye jevha bhoo-sudharana lagoo karnyat aalee, tevha vizinisarkhe mafiya shetkari, jamindar aanee rajya yanchyat dalalichi tyanchi paramparik bhoomika paar padnyachya sthiteet hote. teey shetkyanchya tivra bhoo-upasamaricha fayda gheu shakale, sudharanancha parinam maryadit karnyachya badalyat jamindarankadun savalati midvu shakale aanee jaminichya vikritil tyanchya madhyasthitun tyanna motha napha jhaala.
donn callo visini haah gelya kalatil pitrusattak 'sanmananiy vyakti' chaa, 1960 chya dashkaparyant astitvat asalelya grameen aanee ardh-samanti sisilicha, aadarsh prakar hota, jithe kahijan mafiyosokade samajik madhyasth aanee suvyavastha aanee shantatesathi ubha asalela manus mhanoon pahat asat. aaplya karkirdichya pahilya tappyat, tyanni aapale sthan prasthapit karnyasathi hinsacharacha vapar keela, parantu dusya tappyat, tyanni hinsacharacha avalamb maryadit keela, pramukhyane utpannachya kayadeshir strotankade valale aanee aaplya sattecha khulya aanee vaidh paddhatine vapar keela.
german samajshastradnya heiner hess yanchya matey, sattevar niyantran thevana aanee sattene tyanchyavar niyantran thevu naan denanya mafiyanche teey pratinidhitva karat hote. eka changla prabhav padnyasathi kinwa 'bhadyachi pratima' mahattvachi aaheh 'tyanna dakhavalelya sanmanacha teey anand ghetat, tyanna sattecha anand midato, parantu tyanna tyachya charchela janm dyayacha nahee. tyanna changle maheet aahe qee vinayshilatechya padadyamage satta adhik vichitra asalyache jaanavate."italian patrakar indro montenelli yanni donn callo yanchya eka vishisht tippanicha hawala dilah
"mea melyavar mafiya marto", visinyne ekada montonellila sangitale. tathapi, visinichya mrutyunantar, tyachya junya kalatil paramparik grameen mafiya haloohaloo nighun gele aanee tyanchya jaagi cigaret taskari, ammali padarthanchi taskari aanee bandhkam aanee sthavar malmattechya vikasatil tyanchya utpannachi gairvyavaharat sameel asalelya gundgirichya adhik aadhunik, anekada shahari aavruttichi jaaga ghetali gelee. jiwant asatana aanee tyachya mrutyunantar, eka serve shaktishali mafiya boss mhanoon visinichi pratishtha pauranik pramanaparyant vadhali. 1990chya dashakapasun itihaskaranni tyachi tivrata qamee kelee aahe.