
johnn wycliffe

johnn wycliffe (; wycliffe, wickliffe aanee itar prakar dekhil lihile jaatat; 1328-31 december 1384) heey eka ingraji vidwan tatvadnya, dharamshastradnya, bayabalache anuvadak, sudharak, catholic pujari aanee auxford vidyapithatil seminary pradhyapak hote. 14 vya shatkat too catholic purohitvargatil eka prabhavshali bandkhor banala aanee protestantvadacha eka mahattvacha purvavarti manla jaato. englandmadhye tyanchi shaktishali bhoomika balkat karananya padrinchya visheshadhikarprapt sthitivar aanee sthanik parrish aanee tyanchya samarambhanchya vilasi aanee vaibhavasathi wycliffe yanni prashnachinh upasthit kele.
wycliffe yanni bayabalache samanya bhashet bhashantar karnyache samarthan kele. paramparenusar, viclifene valgetmadhun thet madhya ingerjit anuvad purn keela asey mhatale jaate-hii aavrutti aata wycliffeche baibal mhanoon olakhali jaate. tyane mathyu, marqa, luke aanee johnn yaa shubhavartamananche vaiyaktikaritya bhashantar kele asanyachi shakyata asali taree, tyane sampoorn naveen karar anuvadit keela asanyachi shakyata aahe. konatyahi paristhitit, asey manale jaate qee tyachya sahakanyanni junya kararache bhashantar kele. wycliffeche baibal 1384 purvi purn jhaale asey disate, jyamadhye wycliffeche sahayyak johnn parve aanee itaranni 1388 aanee 1395 madhye atirikt adyayavat aavrutya kelya. agadi alikade, viclifiet chalvaliche itihaskar asey suchavatat qee vastavik anuvadanmadhye wycliffchi bhoomika qamee hotee.
15vya aanee 16vya shatkat tyanchya rudhivadi samkalinanni, wycliffchya nantarchya anuyayanna apmanaspadpane laulards mhatale, tyanni, santanchi pooja, sanskar, magani, transbstantiation, mathvad aanee popshahichya vaidhatevar prashnachinh upasthit kartana, wycliffshy sambandhit anek shraddha jase qee dharamshastriy guna, purvaniyojan, pratima aanee ceseropapism kalpana sweekarli. waldentian, hussites aanee devachya mitranpramanech, laulard chalvaline kahee prakare protestant sudharanancha andaj vartavala. tyanusar viclifla vidvattecha 'sandhyakalcha taara' aanee sakalcha taara kinwa ingraji sudharanecha taara mhanoon darshavile gele, heey eka topananav dharmashastradnyala 16 vya shatkatil itihaskar aanee vadgrast johnn bail yanni tyanchya 'illustream myoris britania scriptorum' (vessel, 1548) madhye pahilyanda dile.
viclifchya lattinmadhil likhananni check sudharak zaan huss (1369-1415) yachya tattvadnyan aanee shikavnukivar motha prabhav padala, jyachya 1415 madhye fashimule bandkhorila suruvat jhaali aanee 1419-1434 chya hussite yuddhanna chalana midali.
jeevan aanee karkird.
prarambhik jeevan.
wycliffcha janm 1320 chya sumaras englandmadhil yorkshirechya uttar feritil richmandjavalachya hipswell gavat jhaala. tyala paramparikaritya 1324 chee janmatarikh denyat aalee aahe, parantu hudson aanee kennie rajya keval nondi "tyacha janm 1320 chya dashakachya madhyat jhaala hota asey soochit karatat". conty mhanato qee tyacha janm "1331 purvi" jhaala hota. 
viclifene tyache prarambhik shikshan tyachya gharajavalach ghetale. too pahilyanda oxfordla kevha aala heey adnyat aahe, jyachyashi too tyachya aayushyachya akherparyant itka jawalcha sambandh hota, parantu too 1345 chya sumaras oxfordmadhye hota asey olakhale jaate. thomas bradwardin heey canterburyche archbishop hote aanee tyache pustak 'aun daad codge auph godd against daad pelagians', paulin-augustein siddhant daad gracechi dhadsi punarprapti, tarun wycliffchya drushtikonanna mothya pramanat aakar deil, tasech 1348 chya unhalyat englandmadhye pohochalelya black dethney. nantarchya aayushyat tyachya varanvar kelelya sandarbhanvarun, tyane tyachyavar eka khol aanee kayamswarupi chhap padalyache disate. robbert wahn yanchya matey, yacha parinam viclifla "manavjatichi sthitee aanee sambhavyatebabat atishay nirashajanak matey" dene haah hota. september 1351 madhye, wycliffe pujari banala. seent scholastica day dangalidarmyan wycliffe oxfordmadhye hota jyamadhye 63 vidyarthi aanee shaharatil anek lock marle gele hote.
shikshanatil karkird.
viclifene 1356 madhye merton mahavidhyalayat kanishth sahkari mhanoon qalaa padvi purn kelee. tyach varshi tyane 'churchche shevatche yug' haah eka lahansa grunth tayar keela. saat varshanpurvi qamee jhalelya plegchya vishanuchya prakashat, wycliffchya abhyasamule tyala asey mutt aale qee 14 vya shatkachya akheris jagacha ant hoil. itar lekhakanni plegkade papi lokanvaril devacha nyay mhanoon pahile, tarr viclifene tyakade eka ayogya padrincha aarop mhanoon pahile. padrinmadhil mrutyuche praman visheshtah jaast hote aanee tyanchya matey, jyanni tyanchi jaaga ghetali teey ashikshit kinwa samanyatah apmanaspad hote.
1361 madhye teey balliol mahavidhyalayache padvidhar hote. tyach varshi, mahavidhyalayane tyanna linkenshiremadhil fillingham parishla bhet dilee, jyala teey oxfordhoon lamb suttyanmadhye kvachit bhet dett asat. yasathi tyala balliol mahavidhyalayache pramukhpad sodave lagale, jaree too oxfordmadhye rahoo shakala asata. ranichya mahavidhyalayachya imaratinmadhye tyachya kholya hotya asey mhatale jaate. 1362 madhye tyala westbury-aun-trimmadhil aust yethe preband denyat aala, joou tyane fillingham yetheel padavyatirikt dharan keela.
tyachya kamgirimule canterburyche archbishop sayman eslip yanni tyala 1365 madhye canterbury hallchya pramukhsthani thewale, jithe baaraa tarun paurohityasathi tayari karat hote. december 1365 madhye islipne wycliffchi warden mhanoon niyukti kelee parantu pudhchya varshi islipcha mrutyu jhaala tevha tyacha uttaradhikari, simone langam, haah mathatil prashikshan ghenara manus, yane mahavidhyalayache netrutva eka bhikshukakade valavale. 1367 madhye viclifene romla aavahan kele. 1371 madhye wycliffchya yachikevar nirnay ghenyat aala aanee tyacha parinam tyachyasathi pratikool hota. hii ghatana yaa velee auxford yetheel bhikshu aanee dharmnirpeksh padri yanchyat suru asalelya shatrutvache vaishishtya hotee.
madhye 1368, too bharane khaate tyachya udarnirvah sodoon dile aanee lundershall, buckinghamshire, auxford pasoon phaar door nahee, jeey tyala vidyapithat tyache sambandh rakhanyasathi saksham kele, rectory tabyat. parampara ashee aahe qee tyanni bayabalache ingerjit bhashantar suru kele, jevha teey aata ludgershall charchmadhil mandap asalelya varchya kholeet basale hote. 1369 madhye viclifene dharamshastrat padvi aanee 1372 madhye doctorate midavali. 1374 madhye tyala seent merrie church, lutterworth, leicessirecha mukut midala, joou tyane tyachya mrutyuparyant kayam thewala.
rajkaran.
1374 madhye, raja aanee pope yanchyatil anek muddyanvaril vadavar charcha karnyasathi, inglish sarkarne gregory XI chya pratinidhinshi charcha karnyasathi pathavalelya eka aayogavar, bishpanantar tyache naav dusya kramankavar yete. aaplya kalpanancha prachar karnyache sadhan mhanoon aaplya khurchivar teey aata samadhani navhate aanee jakhmanmadhun paratalyanantar lagechach tyanni tyaa margikanmadhye aanee dirgh krutinmadhye vyakt karnyas suruvat kelee. devache sarkar aanee daha aadnyanshi sambandhit eka pustakat, tyane padrinchya laukik rajvativar, annets, bhog aanee simonichya sangrahavar hallah keela.
tyanni tyanchya 'daad civille dominio' ('aun sivil dominian') yaa mahan karyane tyaa kalatil rajkaranat pravesh keela, jyat richard fitzralf yanchya kamanmadhun yuktivad jhaale. yamule charchchya serve malmatteche shahee hastantaran karanyachi magani jhaali. prabhupad aanee charchchya sampattivaril tyachya kalpananmule 1377 madhye pope gregori XI yanni tyacha pahila adhikrut nishedh keela, jyane 19 lekhancha nishedh keela. church papat padale aahe aanee tyamule tyanni aapali serve malmatta sodali pahije aanee padrinni sampoorn garibeet jagale pahije assa yuktivad wycliffe yanni keela. rajyachya uchch padanvar maulavi thevanyachya pravruttivar anek kulinanni naraji vyakt kelee hotee, jase qee backroom power broker johnn auph gunt, jyanchyakade padrinchya sampattila aanee shaktila virodh karanyachi swatachi karane hotee, kaaran tyane tyachya sattechya payala aavhan dile hote.
charchashi sangharsh.
19 februwari 1377 roji londonche bishop william courtene yanchyasamor wycliffe yanna bolavanyat aale. nemke aarop dnyat naheet, kaaran yaa prakaranachi nishchit tapasani jhaali nahee. lecler suchavatat qee johnn auph gantchya virodhakanni kuleen aanee charchchya padanukramatil viclifla lakshya kele hote. gant, earl marshal heinry persey aanee itar anek samarthak viclifsobat hote. charchmadhye gardi jamali aanee praveshdvaravar, pakshatil vaimansya disu lagale, visheshtah bishop aanee wycliffchya sanrakshakanmadhil santapt devanghevanit. charchchya malmatteche dharmnirpekshikaran karnyachya hetukade ishara dett, gantane jaheer kele qee too ingraji padri aanee tyanchya pakshakarancha abhiman qamee karel. sabha tutali aanee gant jhaale aanee tyache samarthak tyanchya samarthkasah nighun gele.
bahutek ingraji padrivarg yaa chakmakimule chidale hote aanee wyclifwar halle suru jhaale. nagri sarkarshi sambandhit tyanchya kamachi dusari aanee tisari pustake tivra vadavivadatmak aahet. 22 meey 1377 roji pope gregory zee yanni wycliffchya virodhat bailanchya paach pratee pathavalya, eka canterberrychya aarchbishapkade aanee itar londonchya bishop, raja edward tisra, kulpati aanee vidyapithakade pathavali; tyanchya aavaranmadhye 18 prabandh hote, jyancha church aanee rajyasathi chukicha aanee dhokadayak mhanoon nishedh karnyat aala. stephen lehee suchavatat qee vayaklifaviruddha gregarichi karvai haah franceshee shantata prasthapit karnyasathi raja edwardwar dabav aananyacha prayatna hota. edward tisra 21 juuna 1377 roji maran pavala aanee vayaklifaviruddhacha bail decemberpurvi englandla pohochala nahee. romla paramparik deyake rokhane kayadeshir aahe qee nahee yabaddal rajachya parishadela aapale mutt denyas viclifla sanganyat aale aanee tyane tase kele asey uttar dile.
auxford yethe parat aalelya kulgurunni viclifla kahee kaal black hallmadhye bandist kele, parantu tyachya mitranni lavkarach tyachi sutka kelee. march 1378 madhye, swatahla vachavanyasathi tyala lambeth rajvadyat hajar rahnyasathi bolavanyat aale. tathapi, surr louis clifford yanni prathanagruhat pravesh keela aanee ranichya aaichya (kentchya johnn) navane, bishapanna wycliffchya vartanashi kinwa matanshi sambandhit nishchit shiksheparyant jaanyas manai kelee. matbhed jhalelya bishopsney tyala vadavar pudhe bolanyas manai kelyane swatahla santusht kele. tyanantar viclifene tyacha 'daad carrigenandis fedelibus' lihila, jyamadhye tyane magani kelee qee bahishkrut lokanni raja aanee tyachya mandalakade bahishkarachya virodhat apeal karane kayadeshir asave; yaa likhanat tyane sampoorn prakaran asha prakare ughad kele qee teey samanya lokanna samajale. tyanni tyanche 33 nishkarsh lattin aanee ingrajimadhye lihile. janata, kahee kuleen aanee tyacha majee rakshak, johnn auph gunt, yanni tyachyakade morcha kadhala. rome yethe pudhil pavale uchalanyapurvi, gregory zee 1378 madhye maran pavala.
pope gregory XI vareel halle adhikadhik tivra hott gele. garibeechya aadarshavishayi wycliffchi bhoomika satat majboot hott gelee, tasech padrinchya laukik rajvatibabat tyanchi bhoomika dekhil majboot hott gelee. yaa vruttishi jawalcha sambandh asalele tyanche 'daad officio regis' heey pustak hote, jyacha aashay tyanchya 33 nishkarshanmadhye purvavat keela gela hota. heey pustak, purvichya aanee nantarchya pustakanpramanech, charchchya sudharananshi sambandhit hote, jyamadhye laukik shakhecha eka prabhavshali bhag asanar hota.
1380 pasoon, viclifene swatahla asha lekhnamadhye samarpit kele jyat tyane transbustantiation nakarlyacha yuktivad keela aanee jyaa bhikshunni tyala pathimba deela tyanchyavar jordar teeka kelee.
anty-wycliffe synode.
1381chya unhalyat viclifene prabhuchya jevanacha siddhant baaraa chhotya vakyanmadhye tayar keela aanee sarvatra tyache samarthan karane heey tyache kartavya banavale. tyanantar ingraji padanukram tyachya virodhat pudhe gela. auxford vidyapithachya kulpatinni kahee ghoshana vidharmi ghoshit kelya hotya. jevha viclifla heey jaheer karnyat aale, tevha tyane ghoshit kele qee konihi tyache vishvas badaloo shakat nahee. tyanantar tyane pope kinwa deshatil charchchya adhikanyanna navhe tarr rajala aavahan kele. tyanni yaa vishayavar tyanchi mothee kabulijbab aanee samanya lokansathi ingrajimadhye dusare lekhan prakashit kele.
joparyant viclifene aapale halle heey upman aanee charchchya sampattipurate maryadit thewale, toparyant too padri aanee kulinanchya pathimbyavar avalambun rahoo shakat hota, parantu ekada tyane pargaman karnyachya paramparik siddhantala fetalale qee, tyachya prabandhanche yapudhe sanrakshn kele jaau shakat navhate. yaa drushtikonamule tyala johnn auph gant aanee itar anekanchya pathimbyachi kimmat mojavi lagali.
yadarmyan 1381chey shetkanyanche bund jhaale. viclifene (bahutek samanya lock) niyukt kelelya "garib pujanyanni" sampoorn kshetrat kelelya wycliffchya upadeshamule haah bund kahee pramanat usalala. dharmpracharkanni sampatti aanee malmattechya sanchayanavaril tyanchi teeka mathanpurati maryadit thewali nahee, tarr tyat kuleen vargatil dharmnirpeksh malmattanchahi samavesh hota. jaree viclifene bandala nakar deela asala taree tyachya kahee shishyanni canterburyche archbishop sayman sudbury yanchya hatyeche samarthan kele. 1382 madhye wycliffcha juna shatru, aata canterburycha archbishop asalelya william courtenene london yethe ullekhaneey vyaktinchi charchchi sabha bolavali. 21 meey roji jhalelya sallamsalatidarmyan bhookamp jhaala; sahbhagi bhaybhit jhaale hote aanee tyanna sabha todaychi hotee, parantu nyayalayin nirnayane bhookamp heey eka anukool lakshan ghoshit kele, jyacha arth pruthviche chukichya siddhantapasun shuddhikaran karane aanee 'bhookamp dharmasabhecha' parinam sunishchit jhaala.
wycliffchya navacha ullekh naan karata tyachya 24 prastavanpaiki daha prastav vidharmi aanee chauda chukiche ghoshit karnyat aale. pahilya sanskaratil parivartanacha sandarbh hota, tarr dusyachaaa charchchi vyavastha aanee sansthanchya babincha sandarbh hota. tevhapasoon hii matey mandanyas kinwa pravachananmadhye kinwa shaikshanik charchanmadhye tyanna pudhe nenyas manai hotee. yaa aadeshakade durlaksh karananya serve vyaktinvar khatala chalavala jaava. heey sadhya karnyasathi rajyachi madat aavashyak hotee; parantu samanya lokanni heey vidheyak nakarle. tathapi, rajane eka aadesh jaaree keela hota, jyamadhye chukun gelelya lokanna atak karanyachi parvanagi hotee.
sudharatmak chalvalicha killa auxford hota, jithe wycliffeche sarvat sakriy sahayyak hote; tyanna bandikhali thevanyat aale aanee maghar ghenyasathi bolavanyat aale aanee herfordche nicolaus apeal karnyasathi romla gele.
17 november 1382 roji, viclifla auxford yetheel dharmasabhesamor bolavanyat aale. tarihi tyanni nyayalay aanee sansadechya bajoone aadesh deela, jyavar tyanni smarkala sambodhit kele. tyaveli tyala bahishkrut karnyat aale navhate kinwa tyachya udarnirvahapasun vanchit thevanyat aale navhate.
vidyaman padanukram kadhoon takane aanee tyachya jaagi garibeet jaganare, konatyahi shapathanna bandhil nasalele, aupcharik pratishthapan naan midalele aanee lokanna suvartecha prachar karnare 'garib pujari' heey uddisht wickliffane thewale hote. pravas karnare pracharak wycliffchya shikavanincha prasar karatat. gregory XI chya bailane tyanchyavar eka nishiddha visheshan mhanoon uddeshalele laulardsche naav prabhavit kele, parantu teey tyanchyasathi sanmanache naav banale. wycliffchya kalatahi 'laulards' englandmadhye mothya vartulanmadhye pohochale hote aanee 'devachya kayadyacha' prachar karat hote, jyashivay konalahi nyayya tharavata yet navhate."
mrutyu aanee maranottar vidharmipanachi ghoshana.
1384 madhye tyachya mrutyuchya aadhichya varshanmadhye tyane khristi dharmache adhikrut kendra mhanoon shastravachanansathi, popshahiche dave aitihasik navhate, mathvad apariharyapane bhrasht hota aanee pujanyanchya naitik ayogyatemule tyanche padd aanee sanskar avaidh jhaale, assa yuktivad keela.
wycliffe lutterworthla paratala aanee tyane bhikshunviruddha aanee shahari vhi viruddha lekh pathavale, kaaran wycliffchya aashechya ulat, too sudhar karnara pope tharala navhata. wycliffchya shevatchya kalatil sahityik kamgiri, jase qee 'trilogus', tyachya kalatil dnyanachya shikharavar aahet. tyache shevatche kaam, opus evangelicum, jyacha shevatcha bhag tyane khristavirodhichya vaishishtyapurn paddhatine naav deela, too apoorn rahila. 28 december 1384 roji pavitra nirdoshanchya divashi parrish charchmadhye too prathna karat asatana tyala mastishkaghat jhaala aanee kahee divasannantar tyacha mrutyu jhaala.
1401 chya vayaklifaitavirodhi kayadyane wycliffchya urvarit anuyayancha chhal vadhavala. 1408 chya 'oxfordchya sanvidhan' chaa uddesh serve dharmik babinmadhye adhikar punha midvane haah hota aanee tyane kahee lekhanavar bandee ghatalyamule johnn wycliffe asey vishesh naav dile aanee nondavale qee, parwana nasalelya samanya lokandware shastravachananche ingerjit bhashantar karane haah vidharmanchya aaropanmule dandaniy gunha hota.
constance parishadene 4 meey 1415 roji viclifla vidharmi ghoshit kele aanee tyachya likhanavar bandee ghatali, prabhavipane tyala purvparamparagatpane bahishkrut kele aanee tyala protestantvadacha prarambhik agradoot banavale. parishadene nirnay deela qee wycliffchi kaame jaalali javeet aanee tyache sharirik avashesh pavitra jaminivarun kadhale javet. pope martin pachva yane pushti kelelya yaa aadeshachi amalbajavani 1428 madhye karnyat aalee. wycliffcha mrutdeh baher kadhanyat aala aanee jaalanyat aala aanee rakh lutterworthmadhun vahana swift nadeet taknyat aalee.
wycliffchya samkalinanpaiki konihi tyachi vyakti, tyache jeevan aanee tyachya kriyakalapanche sampoorn chitra sodale nahee. wycliffeche pratinidhitva karnari chitre nantarchya kalatil aahet. daad signimation auph william thorp' (1407) madhye, wycliffe vyarth aanee sharirikdrushtya kamkuvat disato. thorpe mhanatat qee wycliffe heey aayushyat nirdosh chalanare hote aanee padavaril lock tyanna premane vagavatat, jeey anekada tyanchyashi maitri karatat, tyanchi vachane qamee karatat aanee tyanna chikatoon rahatat. "mallah aataparyant sapadalelya serve purushanpaiki sarvat shahana aanee sarvat dhanya, tyachya jawalche konihi nahee, heey mea kharey aahe."
thomas netarne johnn kingamcha khoop aadar keela kaaran tyane "vidharmi lokanchya katu bhashanachya aanee khristachya dharmashivay asalyache bhasana shabdanchya bolanyala swatahla itakya dhairyane sadar kele". parantu naterche heey udaharan changle nivadle gele nahee, kaaran wycliffcha kingamchya dishenecha suur haah juniorcha, jyacha konee aadar karato asha jyeshth vyaktishi asalela aahe aanee tyane itar pratispardhyanna ashach paddhatine hatalale.
kaam karate.
shastra haah devavishayichya satyacha ekmev adhikrut vishvasarh margdarshak aahe yaa wycliffchya vishvasala dharoon, too bayabalache ingerjit bhashantar karnyachya prayatnanmadhye sahbhagi jhaala. viclifla shrey dile jaat asale taree, vulgatevar aadharit asalelya anuvadatil tyacha bhag nemke paribhashit karane shakya nahee. haah tyancha pudhakar hota aanee prakalpache yash tyanchya netrutvamule midale yaat shanka nahee. tyachyakadun naveen kararatil anuvad yeto, joou tyacha mitra harfordchya nikolasane junya kararatil anuvadapeksha adhik sahaj, spasht aanee adhik vachaniy hota. sampoorn 1388 madhye wycliffchya tarun samkalin johnn parve yanni sudharit kele.
ajunahi sumare 150 hastalikhite astitvat aahet, purn kinwa aanshik, jyat anuvad tyachya sudharit swarupat aahe. yavarun, 15 vya shatkat too kitee vyapakpane pasarla hota yacha sahaj andaj lavala jaau shakato. yaa karanastav englandmadhil viclifietsna tyanchya virodhakanni anekada 'baibal purush' mhanoon niyukt kele hote.
wycliffchya itar kamanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
siddhant.
wycliffe heey shastravachananna devavishayichya satyasathi ekmev vishvasarh margdarshak manayala lagale hote aanee serve khrishchananni pope aanee dharmaguru yanchya shikavnukinvar avalambun rahnyaivaji baybalvar avalambun rahile pahije asey tyanni sangitale. popshahiche konatehi shastrokt samarthan nahee asey teey mhanale.
dharmashastriyadrushtya, tyachya upadeshane purvaniyojanevar drudh vishvas vyakt keela jyamule tyala 'drishyaman' catholic charchaivaji, vachavanyasathi purvaniyojit lokanpasoon banalele 'nivadalele adrushya church' ghoshit karnyas saksham kele.
vaiklifsathi, church heey aashirvadasathi purvaniyojit asalelyanche sampurnatva hote. joou kayamcha haravala aahe, tyacha tyat bhag nahee. eka sarvatrik church aahe aanee tyachya baher konatehi taaran nahee.
tyanche pahile lekh aanee dharmik-rajkiy vishayanchya mothya karyanni rajyachya visheshadhikaranche rakshan kele. 1379 paryant, viclifene tyachya 'daad acclessia' (churchwar) madhye, purohitpadavar rajache varchasva spashtapane asalyacha dawa keela. tyane bhogvikrihi nakarli.
tyachya vadavivadanmadhye popshahichya purvichya virodhkanshi jodalele aahe, teey tyanchyabaddal adnyani navhate aanee tyanchyavar tyacha prabhav hota asey manane yogya tharel. khristi lokanchya vishvasasathi aanee jivanasathi baybalacha adviteey adhikar-hii sudharananchya done pramukh aupcharik tattvanpaiki eka olakhoon tee wycliffe yannich tayar kelee.
mathvadavar hallah.
samrajyavadi popshahi aanee tyache samarthak mhanoon tyanni jyakade pahile, tyaa "panthan" viruddhachi ladhai, jyala tyanni mathanchya aadnya mhatale, keval tyanchya nantarchya karyanmadhyech navhe tarr "trilogus", "dialogus", "opus evangelicum" aanee tyanchya pravachnemadhye, tarr lattin aanee ingrajimadhil tikshna lekhanchya aanee vadgrast nirmitichya malikanmadhye (jyapaiki tyanchya nantarchya varshant jaaree kelele lekh "vivadaspad lekhan" mhanoon gola kele gele aahet) mothee jaaga ghete.
1380chya 'bhikshunvaril aakshep' madhye too bhikshunna samajachi keetak, dharmache shatru aanee pratyek gunhyache aashraydate aanee pravartak mhanato. tyanni tyaa bhikshunvar tivra teeka kelee, jyancha prachar tyanni shastrokt kinwa pramanik manla nahee, parantu 'laukik laabh' dware prerit hota. itar lock vishisht chuka aanee gairvartan sudharanyasathi samadhani asatana, viclifene shastrala virodh karnare aanee charchchya suvyavastheshi aanee samruddhishi visangat asalyache mhanoon, sanstha swatach nasht honyakherij kahihi qamee nako asey tharavale. tyane math visarjit karnyache samarthan kele.
popshahibaddalche vichar.
rudolph budensigla wycliffchya kamat done vegale pailu aadhaltat. pahila, 1366 teey 1378, romashi asalela rajkiy sangharsh darshavito, tarr 1378 teey 1384 haah adhik dharmik sangharsh aahe. pratyek wycliffemadhye done drushtikon aaheth too popshahi aanee tichya sanstha yaa donhinvar aanee roman catholic siddhantavarhi hallah karato.
pope aanee antipope yanni swatache naav midvanyasathi tyanche rajdoot englandla pathavale tyaa velepeksha wycliffcha prabhav kadhihi motha navhata. 1378 madhye, rajdutanchya upasthitit, tyanni sansadesamor eka mutt mandale, jeey darshavate, eka mahattvachya charchshastriy rajkiy prashnat (westminster mathatil aashrayachya adhikaracha muddah), eka ashee sthitee jee rajyala aavadali hotee. charchmadhil abhayaranya tabyat ghetalelya gunhegaranna abhayaranyatun kayadeshiraritya baher kadhale jaau shakate assa yuktivad tyanni keela.
wycliffchya gelya sahaa varshanchya pustakanmadhye aanee lekhanmadhye popshahivar aanee tyachya kalatil sampoorn padanukramavar satat honare halle samavisht aahet. darvarshi teey adhikadhik laksh kendrit karatat aanee shevati, pope aanee khristavirodhi tyanna vyavharikdrushtya samaan sankalpana vatatat. tarihi asey kahee marg aahet jeey swarat madhyam aaheth jee. vhee. lecler heey popashi asalelya wycliffchya sambandhanche teen tappe olakhatat. pahilya tappyat, jyane tyala matbhed ufalun aanale, tyat popchya pramukhatechi madhyam manyata samavisht aahe; dusare, jyane tyala 1381 paryant nele, popchya rajvatipasun vegalepana darshavile aahe; aanee tisare tyala tivra spardhet dakhavate.
tattvadnyanatil moolbhut padey.
wycliffe heey 14vya shatkachya uttaradhatil eka pramukh ingraji dharamshastradnya aanee vidwan tatvadnyani hote. tyanni suruvatichya kalatach eka tatvadnya mhanoon tyanchi mothee pratishtha midavali. heinry niton mhanatat qee tattvadnyanat too konapekshahi qamee navhata aanee shaikshanik shakhet atulaneey hota. tyanchya aayushyat eka kaal assa hota jevha tyanni swatahla keval vidvattapoorn tattvadnyanasathi samarpit kele. tyanche pahile pustak, 'daad logica' (1360), heey vidvattapoorn dharmashastrachya moolbhut tattvancha shodh ghete. tyancha assa vishvas hota qee "manvi munn adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghenyasathi tarkshastracha abhyas keela pahije kaaran...manvi vichar, bhavna aanee krutee hii devachi pratima aanee samanata dharan karatat.
wycliffchya tatvik pranaliche kendra serve goshti aanee ghatananchya devachya vicharatil purvichya astitvachya siddhantadvare tayar hote. jaree platonic vastavad 'saundarya' kadey konatyahi manapasoon kinwa vastupasoon swatantrapane aadarsh swarupat astitvat asalela eka gunadharm mhanoon pahato, tarr 'wicklifsathi pratyek sarvatrik, nirmiticha bhag mhanoon, tyache astitva srushtikarta devakadun prapt jhaale'. wycliffe heey augusteinche jawalche anuyayi hote aanee tyanni nirman jhalelya vastavavar nirmatyache pradhanya nehmich kayam thewale.
wycliffcha dusra mahattvacha muddah mhanje 'dii dominio divino' (see. 1373), jeey dev aanee tyachya srushtimadhil sambandhanche parikshan karate. vayaklifasathi yacha vyavharik vapar yogya adhikar (sarvatrik) baddalchya vyaktinchya (tapasheel) bandkhor manovruttit disun aala. daad civille dominio' madhye too yogya paristhitivar charcha karato jyaa antargat ekhadya sansthekade qamee vishayanvar adhikar asalelya vyakti mhanoon pahile jaau shakate. "dominium" nehmich devane pradan kele aahe. "serve shanka naan gheta, vishvavishayichi bauddhik aanee bhavnik chook heey jagaat rajya karananya serve papanche kaaran aahe."dii annihilation" pramanech tyachya kahee shikavanukinmadhye thomas equinascha prabhav shodhala jaau shakato.
teey mhanale qee lokshahi, plato, augustein aanee grosseteste yanni aristotle mage takale. madhyayugatil tattvadnyanshi asalelya tyachya sambandhancha vichar karata, tyane okhamchya williamne pudhe aanalelya namvadachya viruddha vastavadala dharoon thewale.
visavya shatkat viclifchya anek kalpana tatvadnya aanee sudharit dharamshastradnya cornelius vanne till yanni pudhe netat.
andajaprati drushtikon.
serve vastavanchya vicharanmadhye purvastitvachya wycliffchya moolbhut tattvamadhye ichchhashaktichya swatantryat sarvat gambhir adthala samavisht aahe; tatvadnyani keval yaa sutradvare swatahla madat karoo shakat hota qee manushyachi swatantra ichcha hii devachi purvanirdharit gosht hotee. tyane kharey aanee khote vegale karnyache sadhan mhanoon kathor dvandvatmak prashikshanachi magani kelee aanee tarkshastrane (kinwa shabdanshvadane) catholic satyateche dnyan vadhavale asey thampane sangitale; tarkshastrache adnyan hetch kaaran hote qee purushanni shastrancha gairsamaj keela, kaaran purushanni kalpana aanee swaroop yanchyatil farkakade durlaksh kele.
wycliffe yanna keval dharamshastra aanee tattvadnyan yanchyatil farkachi jaaniv navhati, tarr tyanchya vastavbuddhimule teey vidvattapoorn prashnanna samore gele. dharmik chetana aanee keval vidvattavadashi sambandhit asalelya tattvadnyanachya charchanna konatehi mahatva nasalyache disana tatvik charchanna tyanni bajula sarleh "aamhi jeey satya aahet tyabaddal swatahla chintit karato aanee jeey nahee asha babinvar anuman lavnyane udbhavananya chuka bajula sarato."
sanskar.
johnn viclifene kabulijbab sanskarasah transbstantiation nakarle aanee teey shastraviruddha asalyache mhatale. wicklifwar danshur mhanoon hallah karnyat aala, matra haah dawa eka gairsamaj hota, kadachit tyacha vapar dharmik vidhinvaril tyachya matambaddal badnami karnyasathi keela gela.
soteriology.
nantarchya sudharkanpramanech wycliffchya samarthanachya kalpana hotya asey disate. wycliffchya matey mokshasathi vishvas puresa hotah
khristavar purnapane vishvas thewa; tyachya dukkhanvar purnapane avalambun rahaa; tyachya nitimatvavyatirikt itar konatyahi prakare nyayya tharnyacha prayatna karnyapasoon savadh rahaa. aapala prabhu yeshu khristavaril vishvas mokshasathi puresa aahe.
varsa.
bayabalache ingerjit bhashantar vikasit karnyat wycliffcha molacha vaataa hota, tyamule teey samanya lokansathi sulabh jhaale. tyacha zaan hasvarhi motha prabhav hota. anek sansthanna tyanchya navavarun nave denyat aalee aaheth
31 december roji church auph englandmadhye aanee canadachya anglican charchmadhye wycliffcha smaranotsav deuun sanman keela jaato.