jaagtik sagari sankat aanee suraksha pranali

jaagtik sagari sankat aanee suraksha pranali (jee. emm. dii. ess. ess.) hii solas kararacha eka bhag mhanoon sanyukt rashtranchya aantarrashtriy sagari sanghatnene (aay. emm. oo.) vikasit keleli sagari jahajansathi svayanchalit aapatkalin sanket sampreshanasathichi eka jaagtik pranali aahe.
hii suraksha prakriya, upkarananche prakar aanee sankatacha samna karnari jahaje, nauka aanee vimananchya suraksha aanee bachav karyansathi vaparlya jaanarya sanvad protocolcha eka sanch aahe. 1979 madhye swikarlelya sagari shodh aanee bachavavaril aantarrashtriy kararala (aay. see. emm. ess. aii. aar.) heey purak aahe aanee sanvadasathi aadhar pradan karate.
jee. emm. dii. ess. madhye anek pranali asatat jyaa khaleel karye karnyachya uddeshane asatatah aaspaschya aanee kinwa kinanyavaril jahajanna savadh karane (sankatat asalelya jahajachi sthitee nishchit karane), shodh aanee bachav samanvay, sthan (hoome), sagari suraksha mahitee prasaran, samanya sampreshan aanee pool-teey-pool sampreshan. vishisht redio vahanachya aavashyakta jahajachya tananchya kshetrapeksha tyachya karyakshetravar avalambun asatat. hii pranali sankatasandarbhat savadhgirichi anavashyak sadhane aanee aapatkalin urja srot dekhil pradan karate.
manoranjanatmak jahajanna jee. emm. dii. ess. redio vahanachya aavashyaktanche palan karanyachi aavashyakta nahee, parantu digital selective colling (dii. ess. see.) mareen vhee. etch. eff. rediocha adhikadhik vapar keela jaeel. sagari jahaje swatahla aanakhi susajj karnyacha paryay nivadu shakatat. 300 ekoon tunn (jee. tii.) peksha qamee vajanachi jahaje jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. chya aavashyaktanchya adheen nasatat.
itihas.
itihas shatkachya akheris rediocha shodh laglyapasoon, samudratil jahaje sankat aanee surakshitata dursancharasathi samuel morseney shodhalelya aanee 1844 madhye pahilyanda vaparlya gelelya morse kodvar avalambun aahet. jahaj aanee kinarpattivaril redio kendranmadhye radiotelegraph upkarane asane aanee vaparanyachi aanee morse encoded distresses colsathi samanya redio frequency aikanyachi garaj, 1912 madhye uttar atalantikmadhye aar. emm. ess. "titanic" heey jahaj budalyanantar olakhali gelee.ess. congressne lavkarach kayada keela, jyat yu. chee aavashyakta hotee.ess. sankat colsathi morse code radiotelegraph upkarane vaparnyasathi jahaje. aata sanyukt rashtranchi sanstha asalelya aantarrashtriy dursanchar sanghatnene (aay. tii. yuu.) serve rashtranchya jahajansathi tyacha pathpurava keela. morse encoded distresses collingne jawaljawal eka shatkapurvi tyachya sthapanepasun hajaro lokanche pran vachavale aahet, parantu tyachya vaparasathi kushal redio operatorna redio distresses frequency aikanyat anek taas ghalvave lagatat. madhyam varanvarta (emm. eff.) distresses bandwar (500 keey. etch. zed.) tyachi divasachi shreni maryadit aahe aanee vahtook morse signalche praman dekhil maryadit aahe.
jahajatoon jahajatoon jaanari serve redio dalanvalan hii alp pallyachi navhati. kahee redio kendranni etch. eff. bandwar (3-30 emm. etch. etch. zed.) redio telegram aanee redio teleaks coll yasarkhya lamb pallyachya redio telephony seva puravilya jyamule jahajanshi jagbharatil sampark sadhata aala. udaharanarth, porticehead redio, jeey jagatil sarvat vyast redio telephony station hote, tyanni etch. eff. lamb pallyachya seva puravilya. 1974 madhye, tyat 154 redio operator hote jeey darvarshi 2 kotihoon adhik shabd hatalayache. itakya mothya redio telephony kendranni mothya sankhyene lokanna rojgar deela aanee teey chalvane mahag hote. 1980 chya dashakachya akheris, jahaj-teey-jahaj dalanvalanasathi upgrah sevancha bajarpethetil motha vaataa vadhanyas suruvat jhaali hotee.
yaa karananmule, nauvahan surakshitatemadhye aanee jahajanna samudra pradushit honyapasoon rokhanyat visheshatva asaleli sanyukt rashtranchi sanstha, aantarrashtriy sagari sanghatnene (aay. emm. oo.) sagari sankat aanee suraksha dalanvalan sudharanyache marg shodhanyas suruvat kelee. 1979 madhye tadnyanchya eka gatane aay. see. emm. ess. aar. chaa masuda tayar keela, jyat jaagtik shodh aanee bachav yojana vikasit karnyache aavahan kele gele. shodh aanee bachav yojanechya amalbajavanisathi aavashyak sanvad sahayya pradan karnyasathi jaagtik sagari sankat aanee suraksha pranali (jee. emm. dii. ess. ess.) chya vikasasathi aay. emm. oo. dware aavahan karnara tharavahi yaa gatane manjur keela. jagatil sagari desh jyaa navya pranalichi amalbajavani karat aahet, tee upgrah aanee sthaliy redio sevanchya sanyojanavar aadharit aahe aanee aantarrashtriy sankat sampreshan heey pramukhyane jahaj-teey-jahaj aadharit teey aavrutti (bachav samanvay kendra) aadharit asey badalale aahe. tyat haushi redio operatorsarkhya kahee vaparkartyanvyatirikt sarvansathi morse code sampreshanacha shevat asey lihile gele. redio operatorkade ess. oo. ess. kinwa mede coll pathvanyasathi vel nasel asha prakarananmadhye svayanchalit tras chetavani aanee shodhanyachi jee. emm. dii. ess. chee tartud aahe aanee prathamach jahajanna sagari suraksha mahitiche prasaran prapt karane aavashyak aahe jeey aapatti udbhavanyapasun rokhu shakate. 1988 madhye, imone samudratil jivanachi suraksha (solas) kararat sudharana kelee, jyat jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. upkarnanmadhye basnari jahaje aavashyak hotee. asha jahajanna 1 august 1993 paryant navtex aanee upgrah upgrahe vahoon nene aavashyak hote aanee 1 februwari 1999 paryant itar serve jee. emm. dii. ess. upkarane basvavi lagali. 1996 chya dursanchar kayadyanusar americi jahajanna morse telegraphy upkarananchya badalyat jee. emm. dii. ess. basavanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. chey ghatak.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. madhye vaparlya jaanarya upkarananche mukhya prakar pudhilpramane aaheth
aapatkalin sthitee-soochit redio beacan (epirb).
cospass-surset hii eka aantarrashtriy upgrah-aadharit shodh aanee bachav pranali aahe, jee canada, france, america aanee russiane sthapan kelee aahe. yaa chaar deshanni sanyuktapane 406 megahertz aapatkalin sthitee-soochit redio beacan (epirb) vikasit karnyas madat kelee, jee kospas-sarsat pranalisah karya karnyasathi tayar kelelya jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. chaa eka ghatak aahe. aata solas jahaje, vyavsayik masemari jahaje aanee serve pravasi jahajanvar aavashyak asalele heey svayanchalit-sakriy karnare upakhyan, jagatil kothoonahi upgrah pranalidware bachav samanvay kendranna satark karnyasathi prasarit karnyasathi tayar kele aahet. mool cospass/surset pranalimadhye dhruviy kakshet firnare upgrah vaparale gele, parantu alikadchya varshant yaa pranalicha vistar karoon tyat 4 bhusthir upgrah aanee 50 madhyam kakshet firnare dishadarshak upgrah dekhil samavisht karnyat aale aahet. sarvat naveen rachana jee. pii. ess. receivercha samavesh karatat, jeey sankat sthitichya atyant achook sthitee (sumare 20 meterchya aat) prasarit karatat. epirb utpadak aay. aay. ess. (svayanchalit olakh pranali) saksham dive detat. 406 megahertz epirbs eka id prasarit karatat joou jahajabaddalchya mahitichya detabesashi jodalela asato. samanyatah jahajala eka adviteey olakhpatra asateh emm. emm. ess. aay.
yaa vastunchi sevakshamta masik aanee varshik tapasali jaate aanee mukhytah lithiyam-prakarchya batterycha vapar karoon done teey paach varshanchya darmyan tyanchi battery shelf life maryadit asate.
navtex.
navtex hii sagari suraksha mahitee (emm. ess. aay.) twarit vitarit karnyasathi eka aantarrashtriy, svayanchalit pranali aahe jyamadhye nauvahan chetavani, havamanacha andaj aanee havamanacha ishara, shodh aanee bachav soochana aanee jahajansarkhich mahitee samavisht aahe. eka lahan, qamee kharchik aanee swayam-samavisht 'smart' mudran redio receiver pulavar kinwa jahaj jyaa thikanahun navigate kele jaate tyaa thikanavar basavala jaato aanee yenara pratyek sandesh purvichya prasaranadarmyan prapt jhaala aahe qee nahee kinwa too jahajachya malkala swarasya nasalelya shrenicha aahe qaa heey pahanyasathi tapasato. yaa sandeshanchya prasarachi varanvarta ingerjit 518 khzed aahe, tarr 490 khzed kadhikadhi sthanik bhashet prasarit karnyasathi vaparali jaate.
sandeshanna header codes code kele jaate, jeey varnamalatil ekach akshare vaparoon prasaran kendre, sandeshancha prakar darshavinyasathi olakhale jaate aanee tyanantar sandeshacha anukramank darshavinari done aakruti asatat.
udaharanarth,
eff. aii. 56 jethe eff haah prasaran kendracha id aahe, aii haah sandesh shreni "navigational warning" darshavito aanee 56 haah salag sandesh kramank aahe.
upgrah.
janewari 2020 paryant, jee. emm. dii. ess. upgrah sevanche done pramanit pradata aaheth inmarsat, tyanchya anek sambhagansah vishuvavruttiy bhoo-samkalik kakshet, aanee iridium sampreshan, tyanchya 66-upgrah nakshatrasah pruthvichya khalchya kakshet (lio) jeey uchch akshansh vyapoo shakatat aanee qamee sampreshan vilambatesah karya karoo shakatat. 2020 madhye iridiumchya pramanikaranane sagari sankat sevanchya upgrah-aadharit bhagachya taratudivaril maktedari sampushtat aanali jee 1999 madhye pranali karyanvit jhalyapasun inmarsatkade hotee.
aantarrashtriy bhraman upgrah sanghatanechya (aay. emm. ess. oo.) dekharekhikhali inmarsat kampanidware chalavalya samudrakinanyavar upgrah pranali heey jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. chey mahattvache ghatak aahet. jee. emm. dii. ess. neey manyata dilelya inmarsat jahaj pruthvi sthanak terminalche prakar pudhilpramane aaheth inmarsat see aanee yetat. inmarsat yetat, aata anavashyak asalelya inmarsat aii aanee bii chee adyayavat aavrutti, aavrutti, jahaj-teey-jahaj aanee aanee telephone, telex aanee hye-speed deta seva pradan karate, jyat sankat pradhanya telephone aanee bachav samanvay kendranna aanee tethoon tethoon telex sevecha samavesh aahe. fleet 77 jaagtik sagari sankat aanee suraksha pranalila (jee. emm. dii. ess. ess.) purnapane samarthan dete aanee tyat aapatkalin coll pradhanyasarkhya pragat vaishishtyancha samavesh aahe. durdaivane fleet 77 chey ayushya 1 december 2020 roji sampanar aahe. sadhya konatehi nishchit paryay paribhashit kelele naheet. inmarsat see jahaj/kinara, kinara/jahaj aanee jahaj/jahaj dukan aanee pathvani mahitee aanee email sandesh, bachav samanvay kendrala purvarupit sankat sandesh pathvanyachi kshamata aanee inmarsat see suraksha seva pradan karate. inmarsat see seftinate seva hii upgrah-aadharit jagbharatil sagari suraksha mahitee prasaran seva aahe, jee uchch samudrachya havamanachya havamanachya, navaria nauvahan chetavani, radionavigation chetavani, burf ahwal aanee yuu. ess. see. jee. dware aayojit aantarrashtriy burf gastadvare tayar kelelya kelelya aanee navtexdware pradan naan keleli itar tatsam mahitee aahe. navtex kavharejachya baherchya bhagat seftinate navetexpramanech karya karate.
inmarsat see upkarane tulanene lahan aanee halki asatat aanee yetat sthankapeksha khoopach qamee kharch yetat. yetat jahaj pruthvi sthankasathi tulanene mothya gairo-sthir ekdishiy antenachi aavashyakta asate; inmarsat seecha antenacha aakar khoopach lahan asato aanee sarvadishiy asato. inmarsat see hii qamee veej pranali asalyane aapatkalin paristhitit jahajanchya aapatkalin 24 volt battery purvathyatun tyache sanchalan karnyas anumati dete. heey sarvangin dishatmak antena vyavastheshi jodale gelyane 76 ansh uttar aanee 76 ansh dakshin (samudra kshetra aaa3) darmyanchya sankat satarkatela khatrishir pratisad midato.
rashtriy sagari aanee vatavaraniy prashasanashi (aine. oo. aii. aii.) jhalelya sahkaryatmak kararanusar, ektrit hawaman nirikshane aanee emver ahwal aata yuu. ess. see. jee. emver kendra aanee aine. oo. aii. aii. yaa donhi thikani, inmarsat see. shiip arth stationcha vapar karoon, vinashulk pathavata yetat.
solassathi aata inmarsat see upkarnanmadhye avibhajya upgrah navigation receiver asane kinwa upgrah navigation receivershi bahyapane jodale jaane aavashyak aahe. jarr kadhee sankatgrastatecha ishara prasarit jhaala tarr bachav samanvay kendrakade pathavali jaanari achook thikan mahitee tee jodani sunishchit karel.
tasech jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. inmarsat see. dware naveen lreat lamb pallyachya magova pranali adyayavat kelya jaatat, jyaa antarnirmit ess. ess. aii. ess. kinwa jahaj suraksha chetavani pranalisah dekhil susangat aahet. bund, samudri chachyancha hallah kinwa jahaj kinwa tyachya tyachya itar shatrupakshiy karvai jhalyas sthanik jahajanvaril suraksha chetavanicha tras sandesh guptapane prasarit karnyache sadhan ess. ess. aii. ess. pradan karate.
uchch varanvarta.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. pranalimadhye uchch-varanvarta (etch. eff.) radiotelphone aanee radiotellics (narrow-band direct printing) upkarane samavisht asoo shakatat, jyat digital selective colling (dii. ess. see.) dware suru kelelya colcha samavesh asoo shakato. sagari suraksha mahitiche jagbharat prasaran etch. eff. narrow-band direct printing channelvar dekhil kele jaau shakate. aii4 samudrakshetrat vyapar pravas serve jahajanmadhye etch. eff. dii. ess. see. aanee aine. dii. bii. pii. upkarane asane aavashyak aahe jee jahajanchya rakheev urja purvathyatun (samanyatah 24 vhee battery puravatha) dekhil chalvu shakatat. hii etch. eff. tartud aavashyak aahe kaaran inmarsat coverage dhruviy pradeshanparyant vistarat nahee.
shodh aanee bachav transponder (saart).
jahajanvaril jee. emm. dii. ess. sthapanet eka (500 jee. tii. peksha jaast jahajanvar done) shodh aanee bachav radar transponders (saart) navache shodh aanee bachav shodh upkaran samavisht aahe, jeey bachav pravas jahajachya 3 seen. mea. radar displaver baaraa thipkyanchi malika tayar karoon bachav jahaj kinwa sankatgrast jahajancha shodh ghenyasathi vaparale jaatat. jahajachya radar mastchi unchi aanee shodh aanee bachav shodh upkarananchya unchivar avalambun, yaa upkarananchi aanee jahajanchi shodh shreni samanyatah sumare 15 kiimii (8 sagari mail) asate.
ekada radardware shodhale qee, shodh aanee bachav shodhanyache sadhan sankatat asalelya vyaktinna drushya aanee shravya sanket deil.
digital nivadak colling.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. pranalicha bhag mhanoon emm. eff., etch. eff. aanee vhee. etch. eff. sagari rediovar digital selective colling (dii. ess. see.) dekhil aay. emm. oo. neey suru kele. dii. ess. see. chaa uddesh pramukhyane jahaj-teey-jahaj, jahaj-teey-jahaj aanee aanee radiotelephone aanee emm. eff./etch. eff. radiotelex coll suru karane haah aahe. dii. ess. see. coll vaiyaktik sthankanvar, sthanakanchya gatanvar kinwa aekhadyachya redio shrenitil "serve sthankanvar" dekhil kele jaau shakatat. pratyek dii. ess. see.-susajj jahaj, kinarpattiche sthanak aanee gatala 9 ankee eka adviteey sagari bhraman seva olakh dilee jaate.
dii. ess. see. sankat chetavani, jyat purvarupit sankat sandesh asato, jahaj aanee bachav samanvay kendranshi aapatkalin sanvad suru karnyasathi vaparali jaatat. dii. ess. see. chaa uddesh jahajachya pulavaril kinwa kinwa vyaktinni voice redio vahinyanvaril redio receiversche satat rakshan karanyachi garaj door karane haah hota, jyat vhee. etch. eff. channell 16 (156.8 emm. etch. zed.) aanee 2182 keey. etch. zed. aata tras, suraksha aanee collingsathi vaparale jaatat. 2182 keey. etch. ess. varr jee. emm. dii. ess.-susajj jahajanvaril aikanyache ghadyal 1 februwari 1999 roji sampale. meey 2002 madhye, imone jahajanvaril vhee. etch. eff. aikanyache ghadyal thambavanyacha nirnay ghetala. tee paharekarichi garaj 1 februwari 2005 roji sampanar hotee.
aay. emm. oo. aanee itoo yaa donhisathi dii. ess. see.-susajj emm. eff./etch. eff. aanee vhee. etch. eff. redio bahyaritya upgrah navigation receivershi (jee. pii. ess.) jodalele asane aavashyak aahe. sankatavishayicha ishara prasarit jhalyas bachav samanvay kendrakade achook sthan mahitee pathavali jaeel yachee khatri tyaa jodanimule hoil. juuna 1999 nantar swikarlya gelelya serve naveen vhee. etch. eff. aanee emm. eff./etch. eff. sagari radiotelephone prakaranmadhye kiman moolbhut dii. ess. see. kshamata asane eff. see. see. sathee aavashyak aahe.
vhee. etch. eff. digital selective collingmadhye jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. sathee aavashyak asalelya itar kshamatahi aahet. prince william sound, alaska, jahaj vahtook sevetil jahajancha magova ghenyasathi us tatarakshak dall hii pranali vaparte. aay. emm. oo. aanee yuu. ess. see. jee. neey jahajanna dii. ess. see.-susangat asaleli, eka sarvatrik jahajavahu svayanchalit olakh pranali vahoon nenyachi aavashyakta bhasavanyachi yojana aakhali aahe. jee. emm. dii. ess. aii. 1 kshetra asalelya deshanna konatyahi atirikt redio upkarnanshivay tyachya panyatil aay. ess.-susajj jahaje olakhata aanee tyancha magova gheta yava. joparyant too paryay utpadakane samavisht keela nahee aanee joparyant vaparkartyane tyala magova ghenyas parvanagi denyasathi sanrachit kele nahee toparyant dii. ess. see.-susajj rediochi chaukashi aanee magova ghetala jaau shakat nahee.
jee. emm. dii. ess. dursanchar upkarane keval aapatkalin vaparasathi rakheev thevu nayet. aantarrashtriy sagari sanstha navikanna nityaniyojanasathi tasech suraksha dursancharasathi jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. upkarane vaparnyas protsahit karate.
veej purvathyachya aavashyakta.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. upkarane purvathyachya teen strotankadun chalavali jaane aavashyak aaheh
batterymadhye aapatkalin generator asalelya jahajanvar kinwa februwari 1995 purvi bandhalelya jahajanvar 1 taas aanee aapatkalin generator basavalelya kinwa februwari 1995 nantar bandhalelya jahajanvar 6 taas upkarananna veej denyachi kshamata asane aavashyak aahe. battery svayanchalit charjardware charge kelya pahijet, jyaa mukhya aanee aapatkalin generatormadhun dekhil chalavalya jaane aavashyak aahe. esipasoon battery purvathyat badal karane heey svayanchalit asane aavashyak aahe aanee upkarnandware dharan kelela konatahi deta dooshit honar nahee ('break nahee') asha prakare prabhavit kele gele pahije.
tatarakshak dalatil tapasanidarmyan, pramanpatra uttirn honyasathi battery 10 tasanpeksha jaast kalavadhit 100% dischargepasoon purnapane charge honyas saksham asane aavashyak aahe. jahajachya karyadarmyan charger dekhil nehmich upalabdh asane aavashyak aahe aanee teey yogyaritya karya karate yachee khatri karnyasathi tyachi tapasani kelee pahije. jevha urjechya rakheev strotat battery asatat, tevha batterychi kshamata 12 mahinyanpeksha jaast jaast antarane tapasali jaane aavashyak aahe. jarr gelya 12 mahinyant purn jhaale nahee, tarr heey tapasanidarmyan kele jaane aavashyak aahe.
urjecha rakheev srot mhanoon pradan kelelya sathavan battery lagoo asalelya vidyut sanketannusar aanee changlya abhiyantriki paddhatinusar sthapit kelya pahijet. pratikool hawaman aanee sharirik hanipasoon tyanche sanrakshn kele pahije. dekhbhal aanee badalisathi teey sahaj upalabdh asale pahijet.
jee. emm. dii. ess. sagari kshetre.
jee. emm. dii. ess. sagari kshetra done uddishte purn karateh jee. emm. dii. ess. seva upalabdh asalelya kshetranche varnan karane aanee jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. jahajanni konati redio upkarane vahoon nene aavashyak aahe (vahatukichi aavashyakta) heey paribhashit karane. jee. emm. dii. ess. purvi, redio suraksha upkarananchi sankhya aanee prakar jahajanna vahoon nene heey tyachya tananvar avalambun hote. jee. emm. dii. ess. saha, redio suraksha upkarananchi sankhya aanee prakar jahajanna vahoon nene heey teey konatya jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. bhagat pravas karatat yavar avalambun asate. jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. sagari kshetranche vargikaran khaleel chaar kshetranmadhye kele aaheh aii1, aii2, aii3 aanee aii4.
soochibaddha upkarnanvyatirikt, serve jee. emm. dii. ess.-niyantrit jahajanmadhye upgrah epirb, eka navetex receiver (jarr teey nevhateksdware seva dilelya konatyahi bhagat pravas karat asateel tarr), eka inmarsat-see seftinate receiver (jarr teey nevhateksdware seva naan dilelya konatyahi bhagat pravas karat asateel tarr), eka dii. ess. see. susajj vhee. etch. eff. radiotelphone, done (jarr 300 aanee 500 jee. aar. tii. peksha qamee asel tarr) kinwa teen vhee. etch. eff. handhelds (jarr 500 jee. aar. tii. kinwa tyahoon adhik asel tarr) aanee done 9 jee. etch. zed. shodh aanee bachav radar transponder (saart) asane aavashyak aahe.
yuu sathee jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. redio upkarane aavashyak aahet.ess. kinarpattivaril pravas.
sadhya, aii1 kinwa aii2 sagari kshetra sthapit hoiparyant, jee. emm. dii. ess. ess.-anivarya jahaje yuu. ess. pasoon karyarat aahet.ess. kinarpatti samudrakshetra aii3 (kinwa aii4) madhye basaleli asavi, mug tee kuthe kaam karat asali taree. yuu.ess. jyaa jahajancha pravas tyanna nehmi yuu. chya vhee. etch. eff. channell 16 kavharejmadhye rahanyachi parvanagi deto.ess. tatarakshak kendre, samudra kshetra aii1 chya aavashyaktannusar vaiyaktik savalatisathi federal communication commissionkade arj karoo shakatat. tyachpramane, jeey yuchya 2182 khzed vyaptichya aat rahatat.ess. tatarakshak kendre samudra kshetra aii2 aavashyaktannusar suut midavi yasathi arj karoo shakatat.
august 2013 paryant, yuu.ess. tatarakshak dall aaplya bachav 21 pranalidware sagari kshetra aii1 seva pradan karate.
operatorcha parwana (america).
rashtriy sagari adhikari vividh prakarche parvane jaaree karoo shakatat.
jee. emm. dii. ess. see. eriya aii1 chya baherhi karyarat asalelya solas jahajanvar samanya operatorche pramanpatra aavashyak aahe, tarr keval jee. emm. dii. ess. see. eriya aii1 madhye madhye solas jahajanvar pratibandhit operatorche pramanpatra aavashyak aahe.
jee. emm. dii. ess. see. eriya aii1 chya baher karyarat asalelya solas-nasalelya jahajanvar lamb pallyache pramanpatra jaaree kele jaau shakate aanee aavashyak aahe, tarr keval jee. emm. dii. ess. see. eriya aii1 chya aat karyarat asalelya solas-nasalelya jahajansathi alp pallyache pramanpatra jaaree kele jaate.
shevati eka pratibandhit radiotylphone operatorche pramanpatra aahe, jeey alp pallyachya pramanpatrasarkhe aahe parantu maryadit vhee. etch. eff. dii. ess. see. redio operation aahe. kahee desh jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. patratesathi heey purese manat naheet.
americet chaar bhinn jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. pramanpatre dilee jaatatah
yapaiki konatehi parvane midvanyasathi vyakti yuu asane aavashyak aahe.ess. nagrik kinwa anyatha deshatil kamasathi patra, ingrajimadhye sanvad sadhu shaktil aanee federal communication kamishanane manyata dilelya lekhee pariksha deu shaktil. haushi redio parikshanpramanech, yaa khajgi, eff. see. see.-manyataprapt gatandware dilya jaatat. samanyatah hya hamm chachanya pravas sanstha nasatat. prachalak parvanyasathi lekhee chachani ghatak 1 aanee 7 aanee pratibandhit prachalkasathi ghatak 1 aanee 7r aavashyak aahet. (passing ghatak 1 dekhil arjdarala emm. aar. pii. yaa sagari redio telephone operator parmitsathi aapoaap patra tharvato.)
dekhbhal parvanyasathi lekhee parikshecha ghatak 9 uttirn hone aavashyak aahe. tathapi, heey pramanpatra midvanyasathi arjdarakade samanya redio telephone operator parwana (jee. aar. oo. ell.) dekhil asane aavashyak aahe, jyasathi vyavsayik lekhee parikshetil ghatak 1 aanee 3 uttirn hone aavashyak aahe (aanee asha prakare emm. aar. pii. chee jaaga ghete). paryayi lekhee parikshecha ghatak 8 pudhe uttirn jhalyavar jahaj radar samarthan heey groll aanee dekhbhal pravas parvanyanmadhye jodale jaeel. yamule dharkala jahajavaril radar upkarane samayojit karane, tyanchi dekhbhal karane aanee tyanchi durusti karane shakya hote.
25 march 2008 paryant jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. operator aanee dekhbhal parwana paach varshannantar kalbahya jhaala parantu shulk bharalyanantar tyache nutanikaran kele jaau shakate. tyaa divashi serve naveen pramanpatre tyanchya dharkanchya aayushyasathi vaidh mhanoon jaaree karnyat aalee. jeey ajunahi vaidh aahet parantu purvi mudat sampanyachya tarkhansah jaaree kele gele aahet, tyanchyasathi eff. see. see. mhanate keeh
jee. emm. dii. ess. redio operatorcha parwana, pratibandhit jee. emm. dii. ess. redio operatorcha parwana, jee. emm. dii. ess. redio dekhbhal parwana, jee. emm. dii. ess. redio operator/dekhbhal parwana kinwa sakriy asalela sagari redio operatorcha parwana, mhanje.eae.25 march 2008 paryant kalbahya jhaleli nasaleli, nutanikaran karanyachi garaj nahee.
junya pramanpatrat kalbahya tarikh darshavileli asalyane, aantarrashtriy staravar pravas pravas navik sadasyansathi sthanik sthanik konatahi gondhal talhanyasathi shulk bharane yogya asoo shakate (2010 paryant teey $60 hote).
shevati, bahutek vyavsayik jahajanvar jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. operator mhanoon pratyakshat kaam karnyasathi united states coast gardla keval parwana dharan karnyavyatirikt atirikt varg prashikshan aanee vyavharik anubhav aavashyak asato.
chalakanche (britton aanee europe) parwana.
united kingdam aanee europemadhye chaar bhinn jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. kshamata pramanpatre dilee jaatatah
abhyaskram aanee pariksha yashasvipane purn kelyavar pratyek pramanpatra dile jaate aanee pratyek pramanpatra aantarrashtriy staravar olakhale jaate.
navikala konatya kshamatechya pramanpatrachi aavashyakta asate heey done ghatkanvar avalambun asel. pratham, solas jahajanvaril jahajanvaril (jee. emm. dii. ess. anivaryapane basnari jahaje) aar. oo. see. kinwa jee. oo. see. chee aavashyakta asate. sola nasalelya jahajanvar (jyat furasatichya naukecha samavesh aahe) chalavanare alp pallyache pramanpatra kinwa lamb pallyache pramanpatra abhyaskram gheu shakatat.
dusra nirnayak ghatak mhanje jahajache niyojit karya kshetra. keval karyarat asaleli hastakala
samudra kshetra aii1 ess. aar. see. kinwa aar. oo. see. pramanpatrancha vapar karoo shakate, jethe samudra bhagat aii2, aii3 aanee/kinwa aii4 madhye pudhe pudhe samudrakinanyavar jahajanna ell. aar. see. kinwa jee. oo. see. chee aavashyakta asate.
hehee pahaa.
jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. prakashaneh
united kingdam hydrographic karyalay redio signalchi (jaagtik sagari sankat aanee suraksha pranali (jee. emm. dii. ess. ess.) jee. emm. dii. ess. ess. naudal yadee prakashit karate, khand aine. pii. 285-<aay. dii. 1> aavrutti aay. ess. bii. aine. sankhya aahe-<aay. dii. 2>-<aay. dii. 3> (dii. emm. tii.).

