
mutsaddi

mutsaddi (american ingrajimadhye aanee bahutek ingraji bhashik deshanmadhye), kinwa mutsaddi (british ingrajimadhye), hii eka vidvattapoorn shakha aahe jee kagadpatranchya, visheshtah aitihasik kagadpatranchya, gambhir vishleshanavar kendrit aahe. heey dastaivaj nirmatyanni vaparlelya parampara, shishtachar aanee sutranvar laksh kendrit karate aanee dastaivaj nirmitichya prakriyechi, mahitichya sankramanachi aanee dastaivaj nondavu ichchit asalelya tathyanmadhil sambandhanchi aanee vastav samajoon ghenyasathi tyancha vapar karate.
shahee aanee pope chancerinni jaaree kelelya adhikrut sanade aanee padvyuttar pramanpatranchya pramaniktecha abhyas aanee nirdharan karnyasathi eka sadhan mhanoon hii shakha moolatah vikasit jhaali. tyanantar, itar prakarchya adhikrut dastaivaj aanee kayadeshir sadhananna, khajgi patransarkhya bigger-adhikrut dastaivajanna aanee agadi alikade, electronic nondinchya metadetashi samaan moolbhut tattve lagoo kelee jaau shakatat, yache kautuk karnyat aale.
mutsaddishastra heey itihasachya sahayyak vidnyananpaiki eka aahe. tyacha aanee tyachya bhagini-shisticha puralekhshastrashi gondhal houu naye. kharey tarr, tyachi tantre majkoor teeka aanee aitihasik teeka yaa sahityik shakhanshi adhik samaik aahet.
vyutpatti.
maukhik samanata asoonahi, yaa shisticha mutsaddegirishi kahihi sambandh nahee. donhi sandnya vegalya bhashik vikasadvare, 'diploma' yaa shabdavarun tayar kelya gelya aahet, jyacha mool sandarbh lekhee sahityachya dumadalelya tukadyacha aahe-aanee asha prakare mutsaddishastratil abhyasache kendra asalelya samagrisathi aanee mutsadyanni ghetalelya manyata kagadpatransathi donhi aahet.
mutsaddi" haah shabd prabhavipane benedictin bhikshu jeane mabilan yanni tayar keela hota, jyanni 1681 madhye tyancha "dii reey mutsaddi" (lattinh andaje, "kagadpatrancha abhyas") haah grunth prakashit keela. tethoon haah shabd french bhashet 'diplomatic' mhanoon aanee nantar ingrajimadhye 'diplomatic' kinwa 'diplomatics' mhanoon aala.
vyakhya.
"webstercha shabdakosh" (1828) mutsaddishastrachi vyakhya "padavika kinwa pracheen lekhan, sahityik aanee sarvajanik dastaivaj, patre, aadesh, sanade, sanhita ii. chey vidnyan" ashee karato., jyacha uddesh junya lekhanacha arth kadhane, tyanchi satyata, tyanchi tarikh, swakshya ii. nishchit karane haah aahe."
georgio sensetty (1908-1970) yanni yaa shakhechi vyakhya ashee kelee qee, "dastaivajikaranachya" vessen "[astitva] aanee" verden "[bananyacha] abhyas, utpattiche vishleshan, antargat rachana aanee kagadpatranche prasaran aanee tyanchyat aanee tyanchya nirmatyanmadhil tathyanshi tyanche sambandh".
aantarrashtriy daad diplomatic aayogane mutsaddishastrachi vyakhya 'parampara, swaroop aanee lekhee kagadpatranchya jarikaranacha abhyas karnare vidnyan' ashee kelee aahe.
adhik vyavharikdrushtya, pieter beal mutsaddegirichi vyakhya "dastaivaj aanee nondi, tyanche swaroop, bhasha, lipi aanee arth yasah, tyanche vidnyan kinwa abhyas" ashee karato. tyat vishisht prakarchya dastaivajache prasthapit shabdalekhan aanee karyapaddhati, lekhanacha arth lavane aanee dastaivajache vishleshan aanee pramanikaran yasarkhya babinche dnyan samavisht aahe.
theo colzer yanni mutsaddigirichi vyakhya 'sanadinche shikshan aanee abhyas' ashee kelee aahe. too 'sanad', 'padavika' aanee 'dastaivaj' yaa sandnyanna vyapak samanarthi manato aanee german vidwan harry breslau yanchya 'dastaivaj' chya vyakhyecha sandarbh 'vyakti, sthan, vel aanee padarthatil farkannusar paryayipane vishisht swarupanchya anupalanat nondavalelya lekhee ghoshana' assa deto, jyaa kayadeshir swarupachya karyavahichi saksh mhanoon kaam karatat.
yogyaritya sangayache tarr, aanee samanyatah sadhyachya vidvananna samjel tyapramane, mutsaddi heey moolatah dastaivajachya bhashik aanee majkoor ghatakanche vishleshan aanee arth lavnyashi sambandhit asatat. tathapi, heey puratatvashastra, sigilography, codicology aanee utpatti abhyas yasah anek samantar shakhanshi jawalun sambandhit aahe, jeey serve dastaivajachi bhautik vaishishtye aanee itihasashi sambandhit aahet aanee jeey anekada rajnaitik vishleshanachya sanyogane kele jaatil. tyamule mutsaddi haah shabd kahivela yaa itar kahee kshetrancha samavesh karnyasathi thodya vyapak arthane vaparla jaato (jase qee too mabylonchya mool karyat hota aanee varr uddhrut kelelya webster aanee beal yaa donhi vyakhyanmadhye soochit aahe). bigger-ingraji europemadhil vidnyanacha alikadil vikas tyachi vyapti vyavharik saksharta kinwa pratikatmak sanvadachya pailunsah dastaivajikaranachya sanskrutik itihasaparyant vistarat aahe.
mutsaddishastrache eka pratishthit shikshak, christopher brook yanni 1970 madheel yaa shakhechya pratishthela "eka durjey aanee nirashajanak vidnyan" asey sambodhale... haah eka prakarcha khel kahee vidvananni, tyapaiki bahutek madhyayugeen, jover too aitihasik chaukashivar varchasva gajavat nahee kinwa aspasht karat nahee, too nirupadravi aahe; kinwa, kadachit, sarvat samanyapane, vidwan aanee sanshodhan vidyarthyanna adhik gambhir prayatnanpasun vachanyasathi vel asel tarach tyancha barach upayog hoil heey samajoon ghenyas madat hoil.
itihas.
pracheen aanee madhyayugeen kalat, dastaivajachi satyata dastaivajachya jatan aanee sathavanukichya thikanavarun, udaharanarth, mandire, sarvajanik karyalaye aanee abhilekhanmadhun prapt jhaali asey manale jaat asey. parinami, napsant hetu asalele lock banavat kagadpatre adhikaranchya thikani jamaa karoon banavat satyata deu shakale. kagadpatranchya majkoor aanee bhautik swarupanchya gambhir vishleshanachya madhyamatoon pramaniktechi naveen manke sthapit karnyachya garajepasoon mutsaddi vadhalya.
mutsaddipadacha pahila ullekhaneey vapar 1433 madhye kusache nikol aanee 1440 madhye laurenzo vall yanni keela, jyanni swatantrapane tharavale qee popchya laukik adhikarala kayadeshir manyata denyasathi shatkanushatke vaparale jaanare constantine daan heey eka banavat hote. sudharana aanee prati-sudharana yugadarmyan puratan kaushalyanchya vyapak pattyacha bhag mhanoon mutsaddi tantre pudhe vikasit kelee gelee. tathapi, eka olakhanyajogi vegali up-shakha mhanoon mutsaddipadacha uday, samanyatah 1681 madhye mabylonchya 'dii rii diplomatic' chya prakashanashi sambandhit aahe. jesuit daniele vanne pappenbroke yanni seent-denischya mathatil tathakathit merovingian kagadpatranvar upasthit kelelya shankanchya parinami mabillonne tyanchi satyata sthapit karnyachya drushtine junya kagadpatrancha abhyas karnyas suruvat kelee hotee. madhyayugat, ektar vidyaman hakkanchi lekhee kagadpatre puravanyasathi kinwa dawa kelelya hakkanchi sambhavyata vadhavanyasathi banavat sanade aanee itar kagadpatre sadar karane samanya hote. mabillanchya karyane itihas aanee kayada yaa donhi kshetrat banavat kinwa banavat kagadpatranchya sambhavya upasthitibaddal adhik chaitanyadayi jagrukta nirman kelee.
jaree mabillonkade ajunahi mutsaddegiriche 'janak' mhanoon mothya pramanavar pahile jaat asale, taree aadhunik shakhela tayar karananya vyavharik tantranchya nirmititil eka adhik mahattvacha tappa mhanje rene-prosper tassin aanee charles-francois toastein yanchya 'noview tratte dii diplomatic' chey prakashan, jeey 1750-65 madhye sahaa khandanmadhye prakashit jhaale.
1702 madhye prakashit jhalele thomas maddoxche 'formulair anglicanum' heey ingrajitil sarvat mahattvache kaam hote. tathapi, sarvasadharanpane, brittenmadhil abhyasakanpeksha khandiy vidvananni yaa shakhecha adhik sakhol abhyas keela.
mutsaddi anekada madhyayugeen kalatil kagadpatranchya abhyasashi sambandhit asatat. tathapi, luciana duranti sarkhya vidvananni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee tyache anek siddhant aanee tattve samkalin abhilekheey vidnyanat sweekarli jaau shakatat aanee lagoo kelee jaau shakatat.
vapar.
mutsaddishastracha abhyas heey itihaskaransathi eka maulyavan sadhan aahe, jyamule tyanna kathit aitihasik kagadpatre aanee sangrah pratyakshat kharey aahet qee banavat heey nirdharit karnyas saksham karate. tarikh nasalelya kagadpatranchi tarikh tharvanyasathi dekhil tyachi tantre vaparali jaau shakatat.
kayadyachya kshetrat mutsadyanche anek samaan upayog aahet.
mutsaddi tattvancha vapar kelya gelelya kahee prasiddha prakarananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
rajnaitik aavrutya aanee pratilekhan.
rajnaitik aavrutti hii aitihasik hastalikhit majkurachi eka aavrutti (mudrit kinwa online) aahe jee aksharvinyasat mool hastalikhitatil serve mahattvapoorn vaishishtye, jyat aksharlekhan aanee viramchinhe, sankshipt shabd, hatvane, antarbhut karane aanee itar badalansah shakya titke achookpane punarutpadit karnyacha prayatna karate. tyachpramane, mukhtyarkiy pratilekhan heey sampadakiy pranalidware pratinidhitva karnyacha prayatna mool hastalikhitatil serve vaishishtye darshavate. ardh-rajnaitik haah shabd mool aavruttichi keval yapaiki kahee vaishishtye punarutpadit karnyacha prayatna karananya aavruttisathi kinwa pratilekhanasathi vaparla jaato. asha prakare rajnaitik aavrutti hii 'samanyikrut aavrutti' peksha vegali aahe, jyamadhye sampadak, majkurache mool shabd badal naan karata, samanya (aadhunik) varnamala vaparoon tyachi mandani karato.
rajnaitik aavruttila 'pratikruti aavrutti' pasoon dekhil vegale kele pahije, jee aadhunik yugat samanyatah chhayachitra kinwa digital pratima vaparte; aanee 'pratikruti prakar' pasoon (udaharanarth abraham farleychya 'domsday book' chee aavrutti), jee vishesh aksharshail kinwa digital fontchya vaparadvare mool swarupachi punarutpadan karnyacha prayatna karate.