guamchi ladhai (1941)

gwamchya mahayuddhatil prashant yuddhadarmyanchi gwamchi ladhai hii eka ladhai hotee aanee tee 8 december teey 10 december 1941 darmyan japan aanee america yanchyatil mariana betanvaril gwam yethe jhaali. american sainyadlala 10 december roji japani sainyane parabhoot kele, jyacha parinam 1944 madhye guaamchya gwamchya ladhaiparyant tabyat ghenyat jhaala.
parshvabhoomi.
gwam haah prashant mahasagaratil mariana betancha sarvat dakshinekadil bhag aahe. 225 chauras mail kshetrafalachya yaa betanpaiki heey sarvat mothe bett aahe. betachya uttarela avjad ushnakatibandhiy jangale aanee dakshinela jangalanni aachchhadalelya tekdyansah guaamcha aateel bhag khadkal aahe. jaree utaranyasathi yogya asalele samudrakinare paschim paschim madhyabhagi asale taree betachya kinarpatticha barachsa bhag praval khadak aanee kadyanni vedhalela aahe. gwammadhye ushnakatibandhiy hawaman asale taree december haah koradya hangamacha bhag asato.
united statesney 21 juuna 1898 roji spanish-american yuddhadarmyan spanish rajyakadoon guam tabyat ghetale. pudhchya varshi spenne mariana sakhalitil itar bete germanyla vikali. amerikechya naudalane 1899 madhye piitii gavajaval eka suvidha sthapan kelee aanee 1901 madhye united states mareen corpsney (yuu. ess. emm. see.) sume yethe eka barreck ughadali. 1905 madhye betavar naudal kolasa kendra sthapan karnyat aale aanee 1909 madhye guamche sanrakshn balkat karnyasathi sahaa tofa tainat karnyat aalya.ess. betavar nagri sarkarche kahee ghatak asale taree naudalacha capton 1899 pasoon guaamcha governor aanee naudal talacha commander mhanoon kaam karat hota.
pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat, japani sainyane aktoobar 1914 madhye mariyanamadhil german-niyantrit bete tabyat ghetali aanee eka chhawani sthapan kelee jyala dakshin samudra, sanrakshn dall asey naav denyat aale. japanla december 1920 madhye rashtranchya sanghatanekadun betanvar adhikar midala aanee tyanche prashasana dakshin samudra karyalayadvare kele jaat hote, jeey pararashtra vyavhar mantralayacha bhag hote. japani vasahatinna marianamadhye sthayik honyachi parvanagi hotee aanee 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat betanvaril mool rahivashanpeksha adhik vasahati hote. 1935 madhye japan sarkarne pashchimatya lokanna prashant mahasagaratil aaplya anivarya betanvar pravesh karnyas bandee ghatali aanee 1939 madhye yaa pradeshachya sanrakshanasathi chauthya tafyachi sthapana kelee.
pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan aanee tyanantar americene guamche sanrakshn vadhavanyacha vichar keela, parantu 1921 madhye betavar yuu. ess. emm. see. see. seaplane unit tainat karnyashivay konatihi karvai karnyat aalee nahee. 1922 chya washington naudal parishadechya nikalanmadhye america aanee japani sarkar doghannihi kelela karar samavisht hota qee teey paschim prashant mahasagarat jyaa betanvar prashasana chalavatat, tyamadhye marianasah aanakhi balkati denar naheet. parinami, 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat guaamchya sanrakshanat konatihi sudharana karnyat aalee nahee, 1930 paryant betachi kinarpattivaril tofkhana battery kadhoon taknyat aalee aanee yuu. ess. emm. see. seaplane unit 1931 madhye nighun gele.ess. naudalane 1938 madhye betavar kille bandhanyachi parvanagi magitali, parantu haah prastav nakarla gela. 
1941 madhye guamchi loksankhya 23,394 hotee, jyapaiki bahutek jann betachya rajdhanichya aganamadhye kinwa tyaa aat rahat hote. betavar sumare sudharlele raste hote aanee apra bandar heey marianamadhye sarvottam manale jaat hote, parantu betavar havai kshetra navhate.
purvatayari qaraa.
prashant yuddhasathichya japani yojnanmadhye yuddhachya suruvatichya kalat guam tabyat ghene samavisht hote. march 1941 pasoon, japani vimananni betavar photo hergiriche uddan kele. betavar aakraman karnyachya yojana september 1941 madhye purn jhalya aanee yasathi jababdar asalele mukhya unit mhanoon dakshin samudrachya tukadichi nivad karnyat aalee. dakshin samudrachya tukadit 144 vya payadal regimentcha aanee 55 vya vibhagatoon vegale kelelya itar tukadyancha samavesh hota, jyat ekoon 4,886 purush hote. november 1941 madhye dakshin samudrachi tukadi koriyamadhye kendrit hotee aanee japanmadhye alpakal rahilyanantar, tyaa mahinyachya akheris bonin betanvaril chichi-jimakade ravana jhaali. mariyanamadhil saypan yethe sthit asalelya gwamchya mayzuru vishesh naudal landing forcechya 370-mansanchya majboot 5 vya companyla dekhil guaamvareel hallyat sameel honyasathi niyukt karnyat aale hote. yaa tukadyanchi vahtook 'tsugaru' yaa khanikar aanee chaar vidhvansak yantranchya pathimbyane nauu vahatukidvare guamla kelee jaeel. chaar judd cruzercha banalela 6 vaa cruiser vibhag, aavashyak asalyas aadhar denyasathi dekhil upalabdh hota. landing force aanee nevel unitna 18 vya nevel air corpscha pathimba hota, jeey saypan yethe sthit hote aanee aprachalit floatplane susajj hote.
hallah jhalyas guaamcha bachav karane shakya kinwa vyavharik tharel yavar united states sarkarla vishvas navhata. philipinesla balkati denyachya prayatnanmadhye heey bett upayukt asalyache manale jaat navhate, jaree teey panne emm flying botinsathi indhan bharnyache thikan mhanoon kaam karat hote aanee paisiphik kebal companychya telegraph kebalsathi rile pointspacky eka hote jeey philipinesla yuu. ess. shhee jodat hote.ess. paschim kinarpatti. 1941 madhye, betala 'shreni eff' sanrakshn manankan denyat aale; yamule naveen sanrakshananchi bandhani nakarli gelee aanee yacha arth, jevha yuddh suru jhaale, tevha guaamchya bachavkartyanni lashkari mulyachya serve suvidha nasht karoon maghar ghyavi. asey asoonahi aanee tyanchya sanrakshanasathi keval lahan shastre upalabdh asalyane, yuu.ess. leftnunt curnell william keey. yanchya netrutvakhali betavar tainat asalele nausainik. mcnultyne tyanchi sthitee majboot kelee aanee tyanantarchya japani havai hallyaviruddha bachav keela, tarr tyanchya purakanpaiki jawaljawal eka trutiyansh lokanche nuksan aanee itar jivitahani sahan kelee.
guamla qamee pradhanya dile jaat asale taree, yuddh suru honyapurvi itar aadeshanni guamche sanrakshn sudharanyasathi kahee kirkol pavale uchalali hotee. april 1941 madhye guaamvareel lashkari suvidhanmadhye kirkol sudharanansathi karar jaaree karnyat aala aanee pudhchya mahinyat kaam suru jhaale. naudal talachya sanrakshanasathi jababdar asaleli sthanik sainyadal asaleli guam dweepkalpiy dalachi suraksha daldekhil meey mahinyat kinchit vadhavanyat aalee. 17 aktoobar roji betavaril american lashkari lashkari avalambun asalelyanna vahatukidvare americet halavanyat aale, tyanantar 1,000 hoon adhik bandhkam kamgaranna baher kadhanyat aale. 23 aktoobar roji yuu.ess. naudalachya sarvasadharan mandalane naudalachya sachivanna guaamchya sanrakshanavaril eka ahwal phrank noxla pradan keela, jyamadhye betala sanrakshn denyat denyat adachani aanee itar pradhanyansathi sansadhananche vatap karanyachi garaj yamule tyala balkati naan denyachi shifaras karnyat aalee hotee. ahavalat guamche bandar aanee seaplane suvidha sudharane suru thevanyachya bajoone yuktivad karnyat aala.
8 december 1941 roji (sthanik velenusar) yuddh suru jhalyavar, guamche sanrakshn lahan americi naudal aanee yuu. ess. emm. see. tukadya tasech dweepkalpiy dalachya rakshakanni kele. capton george mcmillin, jeey betache governor aanee garrisonche ekoon commander hote, teey 271 karmchari aanee chaar paricharika asalelya guam yaa naudal dalanche prabhari hote. heey dall ashiyai tafyache eka adhinastha ekak hote aanee tyache bahutek karmchari nihshastra hote. guamche rakshak jahaj, daad, puravatha ghenyasathi aanee krula khrisamasachya bhetvastu kharedi karnyas saksham karnyasathi phillipinesla ravana jhaale hote aanee tyanna tethech rahanyache nirdesh denyat aale hote. yaa betavar, sthir teel depo jahajasah, aanee done junya yard petrolling boaty "vaay. pii.-16" aanee "vaay. pii.-17" sobat minesweeper upasthit hota. sumay yetheel sagari barrekmadhye 145 sainik hote, jyanna rifles aanee thodya sankhyene machinegans sashastr asalelya companyt sanghatit karnyat aale hote. dweepkalpiy dalachya rakshakanmadhye 246 purushancha samavesh hota, jyapaiki bahutekanna thode prashikshan midale hote. mareen aanee insular force guard 170 emm. 1903 springfield rifles, 13 louis gunn aanee 15 browning automatic rifles susajj hote. bachavkartyankade 'pengwin' varr asalelya bandukanvyatirikt itar konatehi mortar kinwa tofkhana navhata. yaa lashkari tukdyanvyatirikt, guaamchya police dalat (guam dweepkalp gast) 80 purushanchi takad hotee, jyanchyakade keval pistul hote.
ladhai.
8 december roji mcmillinla motee bandaravaril hallyachi mahitee denyat aalee. saypanchya japani jaminivar aadharit vimanane sagari barreck, piitii navie yard, libugan redio station, manak teel company aanee panne american hotelvar hallah keela. havai hallyadarmyan, kiman eka japani viman padalyanantar amerikeche pengwin budale. eka adhikari thaar jhaala aanee anek jann jakhami jhaale. 17:00 varr qamee honyapurvi sampoorn guaammadhye sakali aanee duparparyant havai halle suru hote.
9 december roji 08:30 yethe japani havai halle punha suru jhaale, ekach velee naupeksha jaast vimananni hallah keela nahee. mageel divashipramanech lakshyanvar, tasech aagana yetheel sarkari gharavar aanee anek gavanvarhi halle karnyat aale. tyaa sandhyakali, chaar judd jahajancha, chaar vidhvansak jahajancha, done ganboticha, sahaa panbudichya pathlag pathlag, done minesweeperscha, done vidhvansak nivida aanee daha vahtook (yokohama maroo, chayana maroo, cheribin maroo, clyde maroo, diafuku maroo, kogyoku maroo, matsue maroo, moji maroo, nichimei maroo aanee venis maroo) yancha japani aakraman tafa guaamsathi saypanahun nighala. tyanchya guptaher gola karnyachya chukanmule japani lokanni sansadhananchi atisevan kelee aanee asman balacha vapar karoon guaamvar hallah keela.
japani sainyane 10 december 1941 chya pahate guam yetheel saypan yethoon 5 vya sanrakshn dalache sumare 400 sainik aaganachya uttarela asalelya dungkas dungkas utaravale. tyanni aaganamadhye dweepkalpiy dalachya rakshakavar hallah keela aanee twarit tyancha parabhav keela. teey pitivar pudhe gele, sumay aanee sagari barrekchya dishene nighale. mukhya sangharsh aganachya plaza dii espenavar 04:45 yethe jhaala jevha kahee nausainik aanee dweepkalpiy dalache rakshak japani naudalachya sainikanshi ladhale. aakramananantarchya pratikaranantar, mcmillinchya aadeshanusar nausainikanni 05:45 yethe aatmasamarpan kele. mcmillinne adhikrutpane 06:00 yethe aatmasamarpan kele. sharanagatichi batami pasarnyapurvi aanee urvarit betanchya sainyane shastre khalee taknyapurvi sampoorn betavar kahee chakmaki jhalya. "vaay. pii.-16" hii aag vizavanyat aalee aanee "vaay. pii.-17" hii japani naudalane tabyat ghetali. japani lokanni eka american malavahu vimanache nuksan kele.
darmyan, mejar general tomitaro horry yanchya netrutvakhalil japani dakshin samudrachya tukadine (sumare 5,500 purush) uttarela tumon khadivar, merizojaval nairutya purv aanee betachya purv purv tallopho khadivar swatantrapane utaranyas suruvat kelee.
yuu.ess. sagari nuksan paach thaar aanee 13 jakhami jhaale (betavaril purvichya japani havai hallyasah, nausainikanche nuksan 13 thaar aanee 37 jakhami jhaale hote). yuu.ess. naudalane aath janancha balee ghetala aanee guam dweepkalpiy dalache chaar rakshak marle gele aanee itar 22 jann jakhami jhaale. eka japani naudal sainik thaar jhaala aanee sahaa jann jakhami jhaale. khajgi pratham shreni johnn coffmanla aatmasamarpanantar japani lokanni thaar marle.
yaa ladhait tera american nagrik japani lokanni marle. sahaa yuu.ess. naudalachya navikanni aatmasamarpan karnyaivaji japani lokanni pakadane talhale; akheris paach jann japani lokanni parat ghetale aanee tyancha shirachhed keela, tarr radioman pratham shreni george reey tweed sthanik camorochya madatine bachavale. tyanni tyala eka gavatoon gwamchya gavee halavale, kadhikadhi tyachya sanrakshanasathi tyanchya swatachya kutumbala dhokyat ghatale. japani lokanna maheet hote qee eka adnyat american konatyahi prakarchya madtishivay lapoon rahoo shakat nahee. parinami, chamoro sanshayitanchi chaukashi karnyat aalee, tyancha chhal karnyat aala aanee tyancha shirachhed karnyat aala. durupyog asoonahi, amerikeshi nigadit asalelya camoro yanni tweedche sanrakshn kele. gwamchya gwamchya ladhaipurvi tyachi sutka hoiparyant 2 varshe aanee 7 mahine gwamchya tabyat asatana tweedney japani lokanna talhanyat yash midavale.

