arnhamchi mukti

operation ragg (kadhikadhi operation quick ragg mhanoon olakhale jaate) hii vajeparyant mahayuddhachya antim tappyat april 1945 madhye arnheim shahar tabyat ghenyasathi keleli lashkari karvai hotee. yala arnhemchi dusari ladhai kinwa arnhemchi mukti asehi mhanatat. hii moheem canadachya pahilya sainyachya netherlandschya muktatecha eka bhag hotee aanee 49 vya british payadal vibhagachya netrutvakhali hotee, jyala 5 vya canadian bakhtarband vibhagachya kavach, shahee havai dalachya havai hallyanni aanee shahee naudalachya naukandware pathbal dile gele.
pashchatya mitrarashtranni september 1944 madhye operation market garden darmyan arnemla mukt karnyacha pratham prayatna keela. kharab niyojan, german bakhtarband tukadyanchi anpekshit upasthiti aanee jaminivaril sainyane vilambitpane pudhe jaane yacha arth assa hota qee pahilya british havai vibhagacha parabhav jhaala aanee shaharachya dakshines eka naveen aaghadi sthir jhaali. canadachya pahilya sainyane netherlandsmadhye pudhe olakhalya aaplya tukadyanna jodanyache marg shodhale mhanoon naveen varshat arnheim tabyat ghenyache naveen niyojan suru jhaale. tathapi, eprilparyant shaharachi mukti hii eka vegali shakyata bunley nahee. canadachya vajeparyant tukadine ijasel nadichya purv uttar surakshit kelyanantar aanee uttarekade vatchal kelyanantar, canadachya vajeparyant tukadine arnhemwar hallah karanyachi tayari kelee.
12 april 1945 roji hii moheem suru jhaali aanee 49 vya vibhagachya teen payadal tukadyanni ekmekanvar shaharatoon zep ghetalyane tyanni yojana aakhali. chaar divasanchya aat arnheim purnapane mitrarashtranchya niyantranakhali aale, jyamule canadian lokanna netherlandsmadhye pudhe jaanyachi mubha midali. yuddhanantar done aathvadyanpeksha qamee kalavadhit, samanya yuddhaviramamule deshatil pramukh ladhau mohima sampushtat aalya aanee 5 meey roji netherlandsmadhil german commander inn chiefney canadachya sainyasamor aatmasamarpan kele. teen divasannantar germanyne binshart aatmasamarpan kele, jyamule europemadhil yuddh sampale.
parshvabhoomi.
ernheimchi pahili ladhai.
september 1944 madhye mitrarashtranni operation market garden suru kele, jeey siegfried reshebhovati pudhe jaanyacha aanee ruharcha marg ughadanyacha prayatna hota. british pahila havai vibhag arnheim yethe utarala aanee shahar aanee aaspaschya shaharanmadhye aanee grameen bhagat nauu divas ladhala, parantu british vajeparyant sainyachi pragati tyanchyaparyant pohochanyat ayashasvi jhaali aanee tyancha jawaljawal naash jhaala. nederrigenchya dakshinekade maghar ghetalyanantar, hivalyat pudhil resha 'bett' varr (nijmegen aanee arnheim darmyancha poulder) sthir jhaali.
arnheim aanee osterbeakchya rahivashanna (jyapaiki 450 hoon adhik lock ladhait marle gele hote) tyanchya gharatoon hakaloon denyat aale hote, jeey nantar germanytil nirvasitanna madat karnyasathi paddhatshirpane maulyavan kahihi lutale gele. bhavishyatil mitrapakshanchya pragaticha pratikar karnyasathi tutalelya vasahatinche nantar majboot sanrakshanatmak sthananmadhye rupantar karnyat aale. ingrajanni jyaa arnheim road brijsathi khoop sangharsh keela hota, too german lokanna vaparane nakarnyasathi mitrarashtranni aktoobar 1944 madhye bombsfot keela. hivalyat mitrarashtranni swatah arnhemwar mothya pramanat golibar keela aanee qamee qamee german-fired vhee-2 rocketchahi fatka basala. mitrapakshanchya septemberchya pragatila madat karnyasathi dutch railway kamgaranni kelelya sampala pratyuttar mhanoon germananni serve antardeshiy malvahatuk vahatukivar bandee ghatali. yamule uttarekadil annadhanya deshachya dakshin aanee paschim bhagat pohochanyapasun rokhale gele aanee 'hungerwinter' madhye dutch loksankhyemadhye hajaro mrutyu jhaale.
khalchya gendyache sanlagn paar karane.
februwari 1945 madhye mitrarashtranni pratyaksh aanee grenadechi moheem suru kelee, bajarpethechya baget tabyat ghetalelya jaminivarun purvekade thet germanymadhye hallah keela. yamule aarnhempasoon pudhe varchya dishene raeen nadee olandun, lutmar aanee vidyapithasathi marg mokala jhaala. tyanantar tyanantar lashkari gut vayavya germanymadhye vegane pudhe sarkala. british vajeparyant sainyane paschimekade vatchal kelee, tarr general heinry krerarchya pahilya canadian sainyala netherlands mukt karnyache kaam denyat aale.
novembermadhye jevha tyanni pahilyanda nijmeganchya mukhya bhagachi jababdari sweekarli tevha canadachya sainyala khalchya gavat olandun pragatiche niyojan karnyachya soochana denyat aalya hotya, parantu hivalyamule aanee tyanantarchya operationsathi sansadhananche vatap kharey asalyamule konatyahi yojana vilambit jhalya. tathapi, operationantar crossingchya crairla arnem tabyat ghenyache aanee gendyachya gendyachya paar honyachya darmyan emerichkade jaanyacha marg ughadanyache fayade disale. operation ragg mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya shaharavar kabja karnyachya yojanecha pahila masuda februvarimadhye lutanyasathi sahayyak operation mhanoon sankalit karnyat aala hota, parantu alikadech aalelya aay canadian corpsche commander leftnunt-general charles foulks yanna arnhemwar karvai suru karnyapurvi rayan olande jaiparyant pratiksha karane adhik surakshit vatale aanee raag bajula padala.
leftnunt-general manus symondschya netrutvakhalil vajeparyant canadian tukadine lutalyanantar, paschimekade hallah keela aanee emerich tabyat ghetale, purvekadoon ijaselachya dishene. krerarne arnheim gheuun shahar aanee uttarekade zutfen darmyancha marg ughadanyachi sandhee pahili aanee tyachya done sainyadal pramukhanna tyanusar tyanchya pragatiche samanvay sadhanyache aadesh dile. tathapi, ijaselala aanakhi uttarekade pool karnyapurvi too arnheim tabyat ghenyacha prayatna karnyababat savadh hota.
novemberpasoon nijmegen betavar asalela 49 vaa (paschim swari) vibhag ('dhruviy aswal' asey topananav) marchmadhye aay canadian corpschya adhipatyakhali aala. 2 april roji canadachya tukadyanchya pathimbyane vibhagane operation vidhvanskala bett saaf karnyasathi netrutva kele, prarambhik hallyachi vel kaljipurvak tharavali aanee aayajselchya purv shatruchya vajeparyant dalachya muktateshi julali. 3 april roji aay corpschya ghatakanni ijaselachya purvela nederrigion olandale aanee arnhemchya viruddha bajus westerwart shaharatil aay corpschya tukadyanna bhetale. urvarit bett bett divasat saaf karnyat aale aanee mitrarashtranni arnhemvaril hallyachya tayarisathi nederrigenchya dakshin ekada kabja keela.
operation ragachya mool (februwari) yojnet, paristhitine parvanagi dilyas (operation drut raag) nadee osterbeekjaval pohochatach nederrigionla tabadtob olandanyache aavahan kele hote. vaikalpikaritya, jarr german sanrakshn khoop majboot manale gele, tarr raincome yethe khalchya dishene eka adhik changle tayar paar karane (operation raag) kele jaau shakate. tathapi, krerarne assa nirnay deela hota qee vajeparyant tukadine ijasel olandun appeldornver pudhe jaiparyant aarnemviruddha karvai kelee jaau shakat nahee aanee tyamule raag adyap pudhe jaau shakat nahee. 3 aanee 4 april roji atirikt hergirichya gastinni heey nishchit kele qee nadikade kinanyala paschim bouvingchya unchivaril german nirikshan chaukya aanee sthananmule nederrigion olandane dhokadayak tharel. nederrigenchya dakshin uttar kinanyala german lokanpasoon aspasht karnare smokescreen tayar karnyache prayatna kele gele, jeey eka tantra hote jeey luteechya operationsathi tayar karnyat yashasvi tharale hote. arnhemchya paschimes asalelya randvijak shaharapasun nadichya dakshin shatruchya huysenparyant, arnhemchya dakshines padada pasarla hota, parantu jordar vaare aanee yogya generatorchya abhavamule tyachi parinamkarakta qamee jhaali. yavyatirikt betavaril jameen khalavat hotee aanee 7 april roji, vividh paryayancha vichar kelyanantar, faulksney tharavale qee arnemvar purvekadoon, ijaselachya palikade hallah keela pahije.
tayari.
sahyogi sainya.
49 vaa vibhag westerwartla gela aanee dusra canadian sainyadal ijasel pudhe uttarela paar karnyasathi tayar asatana hallyala vilamb jhaala. yaa halchalimule betachya sabhovatalache raste aanee westerwart vahtook kondimule vahatukichya gambhir samasya nirman jhalya. yaa vilambamule shatrula hallyachi tayari karnyasathi vel milel ashee chinta nirman jhaali, parantu asey disun aale qee tyanchyakade tyanchi paristhiti sudharanyasathi sainya kinwa upkarane navhati.
haah hallah teen tappyat pudhe nenyache niyojan karnyat aale hote. suruvaticha hallah hallah british payadal daladware keela jaeel, jeey shaharachya purv aanee dakshin jilhyanna saaf karnyapurvi auntario regimentchya ubhaychar mhashi IV madhye ratri ijasel olandatil. vajeparyant tappyat, british payadal dalatil dalatil pathak pudhe jaeel aanee arnhemchya uttarekadil unch maidanavar hallah karel. mulat tappyat, 147 weey british payadal dall 56 vya sthanavarun pudhe jaeel aanee shaharachya paschimes nederrigenchya unch jaminila aanee uttar uttar surakshit karel. arnhemchya aaspaschya unchimule surakshit rahili canadian bakhtarband vibhag shaharatoon pudhe jaeel aanee aay corps paschimekade punha pudhe jaeel. britishanni 79 vya british bakhtarband vibhagachya churchill magarichya takyansah anek canadian tukadya tabyat ghetalya. bahutek pahilya canadian payadal vibhag aanee 5 vya canadian bakhtarband vibhagala pathimba denyat aala aanee merphiphors mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya sammishra gatane nederrigenchya dakshinekade valane pradan kele.
509 vya ell. see. aii. naudalachya landing craft aanee 660,661 aanee 662 ell. see. emm. naudalachya ekoon 45 crafts nadee olandanyas madat kelee jaeel. yaa mohimedarmyan royal armi service corps (rask) nadivar dukav chalvat asat. aay corpsche royal canadian abhiyante (aar. see. eae.), shatruchya shatruchya thikane tabyat ghetalyanantar lagechach chaar bellie pantoon pherii bandhatil (ijaselachya palikade done aanee nederrigenchya palikade done). paristhiti anukool hotach aar. see. eae. purvanirmit bellie pool dekhil tainat karel. haah pool dornenberg yethe pudhe varchya dishene bandhanyat aala hota aanee hallyachya agadi aadhi ijaselachya jawal tarangla hota. paristhitine parvanagi dilyavar haah pool westerwart aanee arnheim darmyanchya sthiteet tarangla jaeel, jyamule shatruchya apekshepeksha khoop vegane kavacha nadee olandu shakel ashee aasha aahe. canadache pioneer hallyachya velee arnhemwar tofkhanyacha eka motha dhumadyacha padada thevayache aanee ladhaichya ubharanit tyanni nederrigenchya bajoone dhumadyacha padada thewala, yaa aashene qee teey crossingchya crossingchya dishene german lokanchi fasavanuk karel.
yuddhatil sahyogi kram
 49 vaa (paschim swari) payadal vibhag gock mejar-general stuart rollins
sanlagn
 5 vya canadian bakhtarband vibhagachi ekake
 79 vya british bakhtarband vibhagachi ekake
german sainya.
netherlandsmadhil german sainyala ("oberbefelshaber niderlande" chya netrutvakhalil commander-inn-chief "generalloberst" johannes blaskovitz) alikadech phorta holland (germanh "festung holland") mhanoon punarnamit karnyat aale hote, jaree yaa navatil badalacha jaminivaril tukadyanvar farsa parinam jhaala nahee. mageel varshi sainyacha parabhav, tatpurte campfgroup (yuddh gut) tayar hone aanee tukadyanche narbhakshikaran yamule mitrarashtranchya guptacharanna gendyachya uttares german shakti nirdharit karane katheen jhaale aanee yuddhanantar anek varshe tyanchi kharee takad nishchit karane katheen rahile. 30 vya lashkari dalache andaje 10,000 sainik "general dair cavalery" phillip clefelchya netrutvakhali arnheim-appeldorn bhagat asalyache manale jaat hote. 346 vya payadal vibhag, 858 vya grenadier regiment aanee vibhagiy yuddh shaala, paratroopers aanee dutch ss arnheim kshetra vyapalelya itar vividh tukadyanmadhil 1,000 paryant purush asalyache manale jaat hote. tasech nadyanni aanee shaharachya uttar aanee paschim bhagatil unch maidanane puravalelya naisargik sanrakshanasah, mageel varshichya yuddhanantar aarnhamche rupantar eka majboot sanrakshanatmak sthiteet jhaale hote. arnhemvaril suruvatichya hallyachya divashich, heinrich himlerne eka aadesh jaaree keela qee serve shaharanche konatyahi kimmatit rakshan kele pahije, asey karnyat ayashasvi jhalyas mrutyudandachi shiksha houu shakate.
ladhai.
11 april roji, vajeparyant tukadine paschimekade appeldornchya dishene maranyapurvi operation canonshot-deventor yethe aanakhi uttarekade ijasel olandane suru kele. 12 aprilchya sakali faulakanna mahitee denyat aalee qee operation changle suru aahe, tyanantar tyanni 49 vya vibhagala tyaa sandhyakali tyancha hallah suru karnyache aadesh dile. tofkhana aanee jaminivaril hallah hallah vimanancha vapar karoon shastragarat shatrunvar bombfake karnyat sampoorn divas ghalavala gela. german sthitee naram karnyasathi 36 thunki aanee 83 rockett golibar chakrivadalanvar raaf taknyat aala aanee yaa hallyapurvi aay canadian corpsney aataparyant kelelya tofkhanyanpaiki sarvat bharee barrage hote. aath tofa asalelya eka maidani bandukichya batteryne daha minitant 640 aath (prati bandukichya sarasari aath aath, prati minit) fodalya aanee aaghadichya tukadine ladhaidarmyan 30,000 dhuranche gole sodale. nederrigenchya dakshinekadun aalelya valatya barragemule german lokanni jordar pratisad deela jyamule teey bahudha purveaivaji dakshinekadun hallah karanyachi tayari karat asalyache soochit kele.
pahila tappa.
suruvaticha hallah purnapane yojnenusar pudhe gela nahee. crossing ratri 10:40 vajata suru honar hote parantu anek hallyachya naukanchya usheera aagamnamule vilamb jhaala. yavyatirikt nadichya purvekadil kathavar anek sphotak sphotake, jee bhoo-khaninmadhun marg saaf karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee hotee aanee 'baandh' chaa sphot houu shakala nahee. tyanantar vajeparyant tukadi, glostershire regimentla aadhalale qee anek mhashi nishkriy aahet aanee tyamule companyanna niyojananusar ekach hallyat navhe tarr swatantrapane paar karnyas bhag padale gele. asey asoonahi vajeparyant tukadichya chaar kampanya swatantrapane paar karoo lagalya, tyancha marg monteechya chandrodayane (varchya dhaganvarun tyancha prakash pratibimbit karnare searchlight) aanee bofforce bandukanni hallyachya dishene rangeet tracer sodalyane prakashit jhaala. judd machinegan aanee mortarchya jhakanakhali pahili company ijaselachya paschim ekada 11.15pm varr pohochali. nadikathavar halakya virodhala tond dett tyanni tyanchi uddishte sadhya karnyas suruvat kelee, jyat 32 jann mrutyumukhi padale. thodya vilambanantar tyanni purvanirmit bellie pulasathi utaranyache kshetra surakshit kele aanee 12.50am yethe shahee canadian abhiyantyanni pulache ghatak sthanavar tarangvu lagale. dusari laat; vajeparyant tukadine, dakshin velsachya seema sainikanni tofkhanyanchya jordar golibarat nadee olandali. tyanchi aakraman nauka krasingmadhye khalchya dishene sarkali, parantu ekada ekada aalyavar teey vegane shaharat pravesh karoo lagale. tathapi, tyanchi pragati thambali aanee velingtonchya regimentche duke, 1/7 vee batalian, jee mulat mulat tappyat paar jhalyamule hotee, tyanna aadhar denyasathi nadivar pathvanyat aalee. sakali 7 vajeparyant vajeparyant tukadichi essex regiment nadipar hotee aanee sakali 8.45 paryant aar. see. eae. neey auntario regimentchya takya dekhil olandanyas suruvat karnyasathi eka pantoon pherii ubharali hotee.
dusra tappa.
royal canadian abhiyantyanni ratrabhar bellie pool jodane suru thewale aanee tasbharanantar 12 tasanni, ijasel olandun vahtook suru hotee. yamule mohimecha dusra tappa pudhe jaau shakala aanee lavkarach auntario regimentchya tank aanee 146 vya brigedche sainya 56 vya brigedchya sthanaparyant jaat hote. sakali tulanene qamee pratikar jhaala, jaree dakshin velsachya velsachya railway junctionjaval pratihalla karava lagla. pahate ushira british shaharachya purvekadil bhagatil eka mothya enka bii. vhee. karkhana sankulakade nighale, jithe 346 vya payadalachya tukadine aanee 46 vya festungs machine gunn bataliyanchya sainikanni eka majboot bindu ubharala hota. german lock tyaa divashi sakali osterbeakmadhun aale hote aanee asha prakare purvichya bombsphotanpasun teey bachavale hote. chauthya tukadi, linkenshire regimentla sankul saaf karnyache kaam denyat aale hote, jaree german-tulanene taje asalyane-kahee pratikar karnyas saksham hote. auntario regimentchya takyanchya aanee 79 vya vibhagachya pathimbyane german akheris eka ladhait bharavun gele jeey bahutansh divas chalale. 13 aprilchya sandhyakalparyant shaharatil bahutansh pratikar modala hota aanee aanee brigade aarnhemmadhye jaanyachi tayari karat hotee.
tisra tappa.
147 vya brigedne ratrabhar betavarun nederrigion olandale aanee 14 aprilchya sakalparyant teey 56 vya brigedchya sthanavarun jaanyas tayar jhaale. toparyant german sanrakshn kosalat hote, parantu 147 vya tukadyanna pudhe jaatana mothya sankhyene khanee aanee padavanna samore jaave lagale. duke auph velingtonchya regimentchya companyne teen french reynolt takyanchya netrutvakhalil german pratihalla asalyache tyanna vatat asalelya hallyavar hallah keela, jaree nantar asey disun aale qee germananna british tithe aahet yachee kalpana navhati. nantarchya divashi, 34 vya ess. ess. svayamsevak grenadier vibhagatil netherlandmadhil dutch sainikanni kavchadvare samarthit houn duke auph velingtonchya sthananvar pratihalla keela. mothya ladhaine tyanchya takya padalyanantar dachanna akheris parat parabhoot karnyat aale, parantu nantarchya kalat tyanchya bhagat britishanchi pragati rokhanyat teey yashasvi jhaale. divasachya akheris sahyogi tukadyanni tyanchi serve uddishte gathali hotee aanee bahutek arnheim surakshit hote. ratri bakhtarband vibhagane tyaa ratri shaharachya uttarekadil unch maidanakade vatchal karnyas suruvat kelee, jithe tyanna saas tukadyanchya ghatakanchi bhet jhaali, jeey tyaa mahinyachya suruvatipasun shatru reshanchya mage karyarat hote. 15 april roji duke auph wellingtonne shaharachya pranisangrahalayavar kabja keela aanee jiwant dhruviy aswal sapadlyanantar tyanni teey tyanchya brigade commanderla dile, jyanni nakar deela. 15 aanee 16 april roji germananna velpchya parisaratoon aanee aaspaschya bhagatoon baher kadhanyat aale, jyamule karvaicha raag sampala.
parinam.
mitrarashtranni uddhvast jhalele shahar mukt kele. mageel varshichya lootpatanantar, ghare rikamya rikamya thodi jaast hotee-furniture, gharguti vastoo aanee agadi darvajehi nasaleli. canadian prasaran mahamandalache pratinidhi mathyu halton yanni yaa shaharache varnan "eka nirjan, jalat asalela kavach" asey kele aanee 49 vya vibhag yuddh dindarshikene namood kele qee "ekhade shahar itake vinakaran kadhihi nasht jhaale navhate."arnhamchya pahilya ladhaiche purave sarvatra hote aanee muktichi tulana" "pracheen thadgyat pravesh karnyashi kelee gelee"."
mitrapakshanchi pragati lagech suru rahili. rahili canadian (bakhtarband) vibhag aprilchya ratri aarnhemmadhun shaharachya uttarekadil unch maidanakade jaau lagla. paschimela jaanyachya mool yojnemadhye badal karoon, vibhagala operation cleanger mhanoon olakhale jaanare eka naveen mission denyat aale aanee arnheim aanee ijaselamir darmyan surakshit shaharanmadhye uttarekade halavanyat aale. eka mothya german sainyane paschimekade jaanyacha vichar karat, 16 tarkhela ratri ratri vibhagavar palatwar keela, parantu mothya nukasananantar tyanna parat parabhoot karnyat aale (otterlochi ladhai pahaa). 17 april roji, 49 vya vibhagane dutch sschya tabyat asalelya edivar hallah keela aanee 24 tasant shahar mukt kele. 27 april roji eka tatpurata yuddhaviram lagoo jhaala, jyamule german niyantranakhalil bhagat (operation mannah) upashi dutch nagarikanna annasahayy vitarit karanyachi parvanagi midali aanee 5 meey roji 'general aktoobar' blaskovitz yanni netherlandsmadhil serve german sainyachya binshart aatmasamarpanas sahmati darshavali.
britishanni yaa karvait 62 thaar aanee 134 jakhami jhalyachi nond kelee, jaree yaat canadachya mrutancha samavesh aahe qee nahee heey aspasht aahe. kahee strotanmadhye 601 aanee itaranmadhye 1,600 paryant yuddhakaidyanchi nond karoon german aakadyanchi achookata nahee. jivitahanihi tashach prakare adnyat aahe, jaree tee 3,000 itaki asoo shakali asatee. yuddhat thaar jhalelya bahutek mitrarashtranchya purushanna yuddhanantar arnheim osterbeak yuddh smashanbhumit daphan karnyat aale hote, tarr sthanik smashanbhumit kinwa maidani kabarinmadhye daphan karnyat aalelya germananna akheris yasselstein yethe punha daphan karnyat aale, tasech netherlandsmadhye thaar jhalelya bahutek german lokanna punha daphan karnyat aale. yuddhat sahbhagi asalelya tukadyanna nantar 1945 madhye yuddh sanman arnheim denyat aala. 1999 madhye capton sanchez kingchya sanshodhanane regimentcha haqq darshavinyas saksham jhalyanantar rajkumari louis fuciliersla dekhil haah sanman denyat aala.

