manasshastrache aadhar

daad foundation auph psychoanalysis aaa philosophical critic heey tatvadnyani edolph grunbaum yanche 1984 chey pustak aahe, jyamadhye lekhak cycoanalysische sansthapak sigmund fried yanchya karyachi tatvik teeka sadar karato. heey pustak pahilyanda americet university auph california presne prakashit kele. grunbaum naisargik vidnyan mhanoon manovishleshanachya sthitiche moolyankan karato, mukt sambandhanchya paddhativar aanee friedchya swapnanchya siddhantavar teeka karato aanee paranoiachya manovishleshak siddhantavar charcha karato. too assa yuktivad karato qee friedney, clinical tapasanichi eka paddhat mhanoon manovishleshanache samarthan karnyachya tyachya prayatnanmadhye, grunbaumla 'tally argument' mhanoon sambodhanara yuktivad vaparla; grunbaumchya matey, heey tyaa parisaravar avalambun aahe qee keval manovishleshan rugnanna tyanchya manovikarachya beshuddha rogjankambaddal yogya antardrushti pradan karoo shakate aanee majjatantuchya rugnanchya yashasvi upcharansathi ashee antardrushti aavashyak aahe. grunbaum assa yuktivad karatat qee yaa yuktivadat mothya samasya aahet. juregen habermass aanee paul ricor yanni mandalelya vyakhyavishayak vyakhyansah, tasech carl popperchya asha sthitivar qee manovishleshak prastavanchi pushti kelee jaau shakat nahee aanee tyamule teey manovishleshan heey eka chhadmavidnyan aahe, asha itar tattvadnyanni mandalelya manovishleshanachya matanvarhi grunbaum teeka karato.
yaa pustakala sakaratmak pratisad midala aanee teey prabhavi jhaale. manovishleshanavaril vadavivadat haah eka nirnayak tappa mhanoon pahila gela aanee friedchya kahee tikakaranni tyala eka utkrusht krutee manale. friedchi sarvat mahattvachi tatvik teeka pradan karnyache, habermass, ricor aanee popper yanchya matanche khandan karnyache, free association aanee friedchya swapnanchya siddhantavar khatrishirpane teeka karnyache aanee friedchya gruhitkanchi pramanikaran pramukhyane atirikt-vaidyakeey abhyasatoon aale pahije heey darshavinyache shrey grunbamla dile gele. kahee samikshakanni suchavale qee tyanchya yuktivadanmule samalaingikatebaddalacha manovishleshak drushtikon sadosh aahe heey dakhavanyas madat jhaali. tathapi, samikshakanni yaa pustakache varnan kharabaritya lihilele asey kele aanee grunbaumchya 'tele argument' chya charchevar dosharop keela, aanee friedney tyacha pratyakshat kadhee vapar keela aahe qaa assa prashna upasthit keela; tyanni mukt sambandhanchya paddhatibaddal aanee paranoyachya manovishleshak siddhantabaddal grunbaumche nishkarsh dekhil nakarle kinwa vivadit kele. kahee bhashyakarancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne friedchya vyakhyatmak vyakhyanvar teeka karnyasathi khoop jaast jaaga dilee aanee itaranna manovishleshanachya vyakhyashastriy samajutikade too parvanagi denyas tayar hota tyapeksha adhik yogyata asalyache disale. manovishleshakanni manovishleshanachya itar tikakaranpeksha grunbamkade jaast laksh dile aahe, parantu tyanchya manovishleshak siddhantachya upcharambaddal tyanchyavar teeka kelee aahe.
saransh.
grunbaum "sigmund friedchya manovishleshanchya payavar tatvik teeka" sadar karato aanee manovishleshan heey eka naisargik vidnyan aahe yaa friedchya drushtikonache punarmulyankan karato. dnyan aanee manvi hitsambandh" (1968) yaa tatvadnyanat jurgen habermass aanee "fried andd philosophy" (1965) aanee "hermanutics andd daad human sciences" (1981) yaa tattvadnyanat paul ricor yanni mandalelya manovishleshanachya vyakhyashastriy vyakhyevar tyanni teeka kelee. teey asey manatat qee teey tyanche yuktivad friedchya lekhanachya chukichya vyakhyevar tasech naisargik vidnyan paddhatinchya gairsamjanvar aadharit aahet. grunbaumchya matey, friedney assa dawa keela qee manovishleshan heey pramukhyane tyachya vaidyakeey siddhantachya vatine eka naisargik vidnyan aahe, jeey vyaktimatva, manovikrutishastra aanee upcharpaddhatishi sambandhit hote aanee jyala friedney tyachya metapycologyvaji tyacha sarvat aavashyak bhag manale, jeey manya kele gele qee sattebajiche hote aanee jeey friedchya matey aavashyak asalyas sodoon dile jaau shakate. tyanche mhanane aahe qee friedcha habermass aanee ricor yanni gairavapar keela aahe kaaran clinical siddhant heey tyachya naisargik vidnyanavar aadharit aahe, jeey tyachya gruhitkanna metacycologychya gruhitkanmadhye qamee karate.
grunbaum assa yuktivad karatat qee manovishleshak upcharachya upcharatmak parinamambaddal habermassche nishkarsh visangat aahet aanee friedchya gruhitkanshi visangat aahet. tyanche mhanane aahe qee, tyanchya swatachya vidnyanachya maryadit samajavar aadharit haberms, manvi vidnyan aanee bhautikshastrasarkhya vidnyananmadhil chukicha virodhabhas mandatat. vishleshanatmak upcharanmadhye rugnanni kelelya manovishleshak vyakhyanchi sweekruti hii tyanchi vaidhata sthapit karate, assa habermascha drushtikon too nakarto aanee tyala tyacha khatala dakhal karnyat madat karnyasathi sandarbhabaher fruid uddhrut kelyacha tyachyavar aarop karato.
teey assa yuktivad karatat qee vishleshanatmak upcharadarmyan kelelya maukhik vidhananshi manovishleshak siddhantachi prasangikta ricor chukichya paddhatine maryadit karate. vaidnyanik tapasani aanee tikanpasoon manovishleshanachya tyachya vyakhyavishayak samajutiche sanrakshn karnyachya ichchhene prerit asalyacha aarop tyane rikoorvar keela aanee tyache yuktivad siddhant aanee nirikshan yanchyatil asamarthaneey dvibhajanavar avalambun aahet aanee too vartanvadache eka qamee karnare swaroop vaidnyanik manasshastrache tyache model mhanoon gheto asey sangitale. teey asehi yuktivad karatat qee, manasshastriy vishleshan "ichcheche shabdarth" pradan karate heey recoreche mutt lakshananchi tyanchya karananchya bhashik pratinidhitvanshi chukun tulana karate aanee eka lakshan "jyache bhashan sakarle jaane aavashyak aahe asha bhasheshi" disate yaa manovishleshak jacks lackenchya drushtikonache samarthan kelyacha aarop recorver karatat. jarr teey majjatantunchya lakshanansathi yogya asel tarr teey manodaihik aanee sharirik asha donhi lakshanansathi lagoo hoil assa yuktivad karat, asey mutt tyanni mandale aahe. tathapi, nantar tyachya matanche punarmulyankan karnyache shrey too deto. sarvasadharanpane manovishleshak dave khote karata yet naheet yaa tattvadnya carl popperchya drushtikonavar too teeka karato. grunbaum assa yuktivad karatat qee vyamoh haah manasshastriy siddhant tattvatah khota aahe, kaaran dabaleli samalaingikta heey vyamoh honyache aavashyak kaaran aahe yaa friedchya drushtikonat, samalaingikateviruddhachya samajik nirbandhanmadhye ghat jhalyamule vyamoh qamee jhaala pahije assa chachaniyogya dawa samavisht aahe. grunbaum heey tatvadnyani clark glimmer yanchya karyabaddal dekhil charcha karatat.
grunbaum assa yuktivad karatat qee 1917 chya "vishleshanatmak upcharpaddhati" yaa vyakhyanat friedney, 1979 aanee 1980 madhye prakashit jhalelya kagadpatranmadhye grunbaumne tyakade laksh vedhale jaiparyant, vaidyakeey tapasanichi eka paddhat mhanoon manovishleshanacha bachav keela, jyakade vidvattapoorn sahityat laksh dile gele nahee. grunbaum yaa bachawala "tele argument" mhanoon sambodhato aanee asey sangato qee friedney yaa davyache samarthan karnyasathi tyacha vapar keela qee tikau upcharatmak yash hummy dete qee upcharpaddhatichya darmyan kelele arth achook aahet. teey tyachya done aadharancha saransh detat qee "keval arth lavnyachi aanee upcharanchi manovishleshak paddhat rugnala tyachya manovikarachya beshuddha rogjankambaddal yogya antardrushti deu kinwa madhyasthi karoo shakate" aanee rugnachi "tyachya dukkhachya karanvidnyan aanee tyachya charitryachya beshuddha gatishilatebaddal yogya antardrushti" tyachya neurosischya upcharatmak vijayasathi "karanastav aavashyak" aahe."grunbaumchya matey, yaa parisaranmadhye ektritpane asey soochit kele jaate qee manovikarachya roganchi konatihi utsfurt maafee nahee aanee jarr tyancha upchar kadhihi purn jhaala tarr, virodhi upcharpaddhatinchya tulanet asha vikaransathi manovikruti haah" "adviteey upcharatmak" "aahe". grunbaum 'telly argument' varr teeka karato, assa yuktivad karato qee too mothya samasyanni grast aahe. mansopacharatadnya allon hobson aanee robbert mccarley yanchya karyacha sandarbh dett, tyanni 'swapnancha arth' (1899) madhye fried yanni mandalelya swapnanchya siddhantavar teeka kelee. mukt sangmachya paddhativar, 'daad cycopathology auph delly life' (1901) madhye prastavit frydian slips friedcha siddhant aanee friedchya metapycologiver dekhil tyanni teeka kelee aanee hastantaranavar charcha kelee.
parshvabhoomi aanee prakashanacha itihas.
grunbaumchya matey, tyachya manovishleshanachya gambhir tapasanisathi tyachi prarambhik prerana carl popperchya vidnyanachya tattvadnyanachya prashnatoon aalih tyala sanshay hota qee poppercha manasshastra heey asatya aahe assa yuktivad tyachya doshanche chukiche pratinidhitva karato. samikshak frederickchya chamoone 1977 madhye 'daad foundation auph psychoanalysis' chaa masuda vachala aanee grunbamla california press vidyapithakadun prakashanacha prastav midvinyat madat kelee. heey pustak pahilyanda 1984 madhye university auph california presne prakashit kele hote. 1985 saalee 'daad foundation auph psychoanalysis' chee paperback aavrutti prakashit jhaali. heey pustak 1988 saalee phillip recam yanni german anuvadat aanee 1996 saalee francechya universities daad france yaa vruttapatranni french anuvadat prakashit kele.
swagat.
vihangavalokan.
"manovishleshanacha paya" prabhavi hota. manovishleshanavaril vadavivadatil eka nirnayak tappa mhanoon pahile jaanare heey pustak friedchi sarvat mahattvachi tatvik teeka manale jaate. pustakacha prabhav asalelyanmadhye manovishleshakancha samavesh aahe, jyanni tyanchya shakhechya bahereel manovishleshanachya itar tikakaranpeksha adhik laksh dile aahe. friedchya kahee samikshakanni heey pustak eka utkrusht krutee mhanoon olakhale. jyaa lekhakanni grunbaumchya sampoorn kinwa anshatah manovishleshanachya tikela samarthan dile aahe, tyamadhye manasshastradnya theodor millon, itihaskar edward shorter aanee manasshastradnya mauris aine. yancha samavesh aahe. garud. garudanchya matey, fried nantarchya manovishleshanatil ghadamodi grunbaumchya shistavaril tikela uttar dett naheet. paul robbinson aanee pieter geey yaa itihaskaranni popperver vishvasarh teeka karnyache shrey grunbamla dile aahe, jaree robinsoncha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne foidchya siddhantanna khote tharavata yet nahee yaa popperchya aaropala agadi sahajpane fetalun lavale.
grunbaumne kelelya manasshastrachya vyakhyavishayak vyakhyanvar kelelya tikela prashansa midali aahe, jaree grunbaumne asha vyakhyanvar teeka karnyasathi jaast jaaga dilyabaddal dekhil teeka kelee gelee aahe. mansopacharatadnya stephen etch. froidver kaljipurvak teeka karnyache shrey grunbamla grunbamla richmandne, vaidh vidnyanane prakaran abhyasavar avalambun rahnyaivaji changlya prakare tayar kelelya prayogik abhyasancha vapar keela pahije yavar jore dene grunbamla yogya manale. richmandchya matey, 2005 madhye neuroscientist erich kandel yanni asey mhatale hote qee grunbamchi manovishleshanachi teeka "aajahi anivaryapane aavhanatmak rahili nahee."
manovishleshanachya aadharavar lekhakanche tikakar aahet. manasshastradnya margaret chernak beaudoin, tatvadnyani gregori aii. trotter aanee vaktrutvashastrache vidwan alaan jee. sthool, tyane kelelya richoarchya vagnukivar teeka kelee aahe. bidoinne asey mhatale qee grunbamla manasshastriy vishleshanasathi bhasha hii prathamik aahe aanee lakshane bhashik abhivyaktimadhye aatmasat kelee pahijet yaa drushtikonashi sambandhit asalyache chukiche manale gele. tine assa yuktivadahi keela qee grunbamne chukun assa dawa keela qee recourne lackenchya matanche samarthan kele aanee "frydian siddhantachya purnapane karanatmak vyakhyeche" samarthan karnyasathi sandarbhabaher friedcha hawala deela. trotterne asey mhatale qee grunbamne chukun heey nakarle qee "mansik vastav heey bhautik vastavikatepeksha purese vegale aahe, jeey vegvegalya dnyanshastriy manakanchi hummy dete" aanee tyachyavar 'ricker' chaa gairsamaj kelyacha aarop keela. mansopacharatadnya edwin aar. chauthya valesane yaa kamachi, tyachya vishleshanatmak paddhatichi soochana aanee samajutdarpanachi charcha, tasech vidnyanachya sakaratmak drushtikonavar avalambun asalyabaddal teeka kelee."tatvadnya jonathan lear yanni assa yuktivad keela qee bahutek teeka aanee manovishleshanachya sanrakshananpramanech, manovishleshanachya vaidnyanik sthitibaddal grunbaumche yuktivad aprasangik aahet. tyane grunbaumchya friedchya vruttantala pravruttipurna manale. manasshastradnya doubleu. doubleu. mesnerne assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaum "vishleshanatmak prathechi vastavikta pratibimbit naan naan krutrim sthananmadhye manovishleshak prastavanna bhag padato."tyanni suchavale qee grunbamche padtalaniche manak keval manovishleshanasathich navhe tarr" "serve prakarchya mansik dnyanasathi" "ashakya aahe". manovishleshanachya tatvik payanvar mahitipurn teeka" karnyache shrey tyanni grunbamla dile, parantu assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "tyanchya yuktivadache moolya manovishleshak dnyan vadhavanyasathi aanee visheshtah manovishleshanamadhye pramanikaranasathichya sambandhit manakanchya shodhala protsahan denyasathi upayukt aadhar pradan karnyapeksha qamee aahe."
tattvadnya james hopkins yanni assa yuktivad keela qee friedchya swapnanchya siddhantababat grunbaumchi teeka friedchya gairsamajavar aadharit aahe aanee teey jyaa chaukashichya paddhatinna samarthan detat tyaa hetusathi lagoo hott naheet aanee tyamule manovishleshanache moolyankan karane ayogya aahe. tatvadnya richard walheim yane grunbaumchya lekhan shailivar teeka kelee, friedney 'tele argument' chaa vapar keela assa tyacha drushtikon nakarla, tyachya manovishleshak prathechya samajutivar teeka kelee aanee vaidyakeey chachanimule 'vaidyakeey nasalelya prastavancha eka motha bhag' gruheet dharala jaato yaa vastusthitikade durlaksh kelyacha tyachyavar aarop keela."robinsonne" "manovishleshanacha paya" "kathor manla, parantu tattvadnyanat parshvabhoomi nasalelya lokansathi kharab sanghatit aanee samajoon ghene katheen hote, jeey tyachya matey tyacha prabhav maryadit hote". jaree grunbamla friedchya lekhanache mothe dnyan hote assa tyancha vishvas asala, taree tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee friedney kadachit kadhihi 'tele argument' vaparla nasel. grunbaumchya "swapnanche arth" aanee "dainandin jivanatil manovikrutishastra" yaa charchevarhi tyanni teeka kelee.
tatvadnyani thomas nagel yanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaum "mansik antardrushtichya vishisht antargat charitryakade" durlaksh karato. tattvadnya johnn forrester yanni grunbamchya vidnyanachya aakalanache varnan aitihasik aanee avastav asey kele aanee assa yuktivad keela qee grunbamne friedchya manovishleshanabaddalchya drushtikonacha gairsamaj keela. tyane grunbomwer tyachya prakaranachya samarthanarth nivadakpane friedcha hawala dilyacha aanee friedchya lekhanatil parichhedankade durlaksh kelyacha aarop keela, jyat manovishleshanachi vyakhya samajoon ghenyachi soochana kelee gelee hotee. manasshastradnya michael billig yanni namood kele qee, grunbamchya ulat, simer fisher, roser pii. yasarkhe manasshastradnya. greenberg aanee paul cline, "assa yuktivad karatat qee frydian siddhantachya mukhya ghatakanchi pushti jhaali aahe."manochikitsak dii. patrick zimmerman yanni lihile qee, manovishleshanabaddal grunbaumche nishkarsh itaranni manovikruti aanee maukhik manochikitsanchya itar prakaranna lagoo kele aahet. tyanni lihile qee grunbaumla dilelya tikatmak pratisadancha lokanvar friedver kelelya tikyasarkha parinam jhalela nahee. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaumche yuktivad "bhautikshastra kshetratil tantra aanee nishkarshanvar avalambun rahilyane balkat jhaale... bhautikshastrachya paddhati kinwa nishkarshambaddalachya moolbhut gairsamajanmule tyanchi sthitee kadhikadhi sadosh hotee aanee grunbamchi manovishleshanavaril teeka keval 'shastriy frydian' drushtikonanna lagoo hote, alikadil 'manogatikeey sankalpanan' laa nahee. tatvadnya paul fucella yanni grunbamla habermass aanee rikorchya manovishleshanachya vyakhyanchya kahee kamkuvatpana ughad karnyache shrey dile. manasshastriy vishleshan heey "prasangik rahile aahe" asey jaree tyanni sangitale, taree yaa pustakane heey aspasht thewale aahe qee manasshastriy vishleshan heey chhadm vaidnyanik manale jaeel qee anubhavjanya vidnyan.
grunbamla kahee lekhakankadun dekhil manasshastrachi teeka karnari teeka midali aahe. patrakar daniele goleman yanni tyanna dilelya grunbamchya yuktivadanchya varnanala pratisad detana popperne, manovishleshan chachaniyogya andaj deu shakate heey nakarle. tyanchya tippanya 'vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan' madhye prakashit jhalya hotya. niyatkalikachya sampadakane, jyotishshastra kinwa srushtivadachi chachani ghenyachya prayatnanshi tulana karoon, friedchya davyanchi chachani ghenyacha prayatna karane yogya aahe qaa assa prashna vicharla. manasshastradnya malcum mcmillan yanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaumchi mukt sangativaril teeka pureshi khatrishir nahee. friedchya metacycologykade durlaksh karat friedchya clinical siddhantavar laksh kendrit kelyabaddal aanee friedchya "paddhatshir susanskratatebaddalchya davyancha sweekar kelyabaddal krune grunbomwer teeka kelee."lekhak richard webster yanni assa yuktivad keela qee" "manovishleshanachya payache" "tyachya tarksangrahachya amoort shailimule atimulyankan kele gele aahe aanee friedchya charitryapasun laksh vichalit kele aahe". lekhak allon esterson yanni assa yuktivad keela qee 'tally argument' sadosh aahe aanee too friedney lagoo kelela nahee. tatvadnya phrank siofi yanni grunbamchya popperchya vagnyavar teeka kelee. sahitya vidwan robbert willcox yanni grunbamla kahee prakare fryedsathi khoop anukool manale. friedchya kokenchya vaparakade aanee emma exteinchya upcharankade purese laksh dilyabaddal tyane grunbomwer teeka kelee. tatvadnyani mikkal borch-jacobson aanee manasshastradnya sonoo shamdasani yanni assa yuktivad keela qee fried haah eka 'atyadhunik vaidnyanik paddhatshastradnya' hota, jyane 'telly argument' chya madhyamatoon tyachya rugnanvar soochaneche sambhavya parinam hatalanyacha prayatna keela, ashee grunbamchi bhoomika anyaykarak aahe, kaaran yuktivad purvkalpit karato, parantu too gair-suchavanuk siddha karat nahee. tyanni tyache mutt nakarle qee friedney pratikool puravyanmule pralobhan siddhant sodala, asey sangoon qee friedkade assa konatahi purava asoo shakat navhata.
lokpriy vruttpatra punaravalokne.
"daad foundation auph psychoanalysisla" "library journal" "madheel robbert hoffman aanee" "daad nyu republic" "madheel "madheel sakaratmak punaravalokne midali aanee" "daad newyork review auph books" "madheel tatvadnyani jonathan lieberson yanchyakadun mishra punaravalokan midale".
hofmanne yaa pustakache varnan eka savadhgiriche aanee mahattvache kaam asey kele. tele argument" aanee mukt sangatichya paddhativar khatrishirpane teeka karat, aanee manovishleshanachya alikadil aavrutya friedchya aavruttipramanech tyach samasyene grast aahet heey sthapit karat, tasech haberma aanee rikorchya manovishleshanachya vyakhyanna badnam karat, vaidyakeey purave friedchya kalpananche samarthan karat naheet heey darshavinyache shrey krune grunbamla dile. tyanni tyache varnan eka 'yugnirmiti' karya mhanoon kele jeey nyayya aanee kathor hote aanee lihile qee yamule manovishleshan heey 'sattebajiche panth' mhanoon ughad jhaale aanee tyamule apariharyapane manovishleshak upcharpaddhati aanee tyachyashi sambandhit siddhantacha upman hoil. tathapi, tyanni assa andaj vartavala qee manovishleshak tyache mahatva samajoon ghenyas santh asateel aanee grunbamchi haberma aanee rikorchi charcha anek vachakanna samajoon ghene katheen asel asey tyanni namood kele.
libersonne yaa pustakache varnan 'vichitrapane sanghatit' aanee 'katheen' asey kele aanee tyachi tulana 'vidvattapoorn lekhanchya eka malikeshi kelee jyat purave aanee nantarchya vicharanche vishal sanchay jodale gele aahet."tyanni suchavale qee" "manovishleshanacha paya" "haah friedchya itar dubhashyansathi itka pratisad hota qee teey keval yogayogane frayadbaddalche pustak hote, heey lakshat gheuun qee tyateel eka trutiyansh bhag manovishleshanasathichya hermanutic drushtikonavar teeka karnyasathi samarpit hota". grunbaumchya manasshastriy vishleshanachya vyakhyavishayak drushtikonabaddalachya tikela jaree patale asale, taree tyanni tyanchya kharab lekhanavar teeka kelee aanee vaidnyanik aanee avaidnyanik vidhananmadhye farak karnyasathi nikash sthapit karane mahatvache aahe heey tyanche mutt nakarle. tyanni poppervaril tyanchi teeka hii, manovishleshanasathi anubhavjanya aadhar shodhanyatil mukhya adthale olakhanyachya tyanchya prayatnanpeksha qamee mahattvachi manali, aanee friedchya yuktivadachya truti kaljipurvak ughad karnyache shrey tyanna dile qee manovishleshanachya upcharatmak yashane vishleshakanni kelelya vyakhyanchi pushti hote.
shaikshanik punaravalokne.
"manasshastrachya payabharanila" "daad science" "madheel mansopacharatadnya elon hobson," "daad international journal auph psychoanalysis" "madheel manasshastradnya carlo stranger," "philosophy auph science" "madheel eagle, manasshastradnya george butterworth yanni" "government andd opposition" "madhye, mansopacharatadnya nathaniel laur yanni" "american journal auph cychiatry" "madhye, valles yanni" "journal auph nervous andd mental disease" "madhye aanee tatvadnyani alessandro pagnini yanni" "daad philosophical quarterly" "madhye sakaratmak punaravalokne dilee". vartanukichya aanee menduchya vidnyanat", "manovishleshanachya payanna" jaiv nitishastrashastradnya arther caplan, garud, tatvadnyani edward irvin, manasshastradnya hans isenak, tatvadnyani owen flangan, greenberg, hobson, manasshastradnya robbert aar. yanchyakadun sakaratmak punaravalokne midali. holt, manasshastradnya horst kechel, mansopacharatadnya gerald clerman, tatvadnyani valerai libin, manasshastradnya lester leuborsky, manasshastradnya jude marmore, manasshastradnya joseph masling, pagnini, manasshastradnya morton eff. rezar, tatvadnyani michael rus, manasshastradnya irvin savodonic, manasshastradnya howard shevrin, mansopacharatadnya anthony store, tatvadnyani fredrick sup, tatvadnyani barbara vonn ekard, samajshastradnya murre ell. menn aanee manasshastradnya robbert ell. lokmanav.
yaa pustakala tatvadnyani howard rutenberg yanchyakadun 'ethics' madhye, 'cline' yanni 'british journal phaur daad philosophy auph science' madhye, tatvadnyani emm. aaa. notatarno aanee mansopacharatadnya paul aar. metaphilosophy' madhye machugh aanee 'daad philosophical review' madhye tattvadnya david saaks. vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan" madhye, yala pieter codge, siofi, manasshastradnya marshal edelson, tatvadnyani bii. aaa. farrell, cline, notatarno aanee mchagh, george etch. pollock, mansopacharatadnya donald pii. spains, manasshastradnya hans herman strup aanee manasshastradnya paul ell. vaktel. yaa pustakala samajshastradnya donald ell. yanchyakadun nakaratmak samiksha midalya. samajik vidnyan tattvadnyan', forrester aanee manasshastradnya william aar. woodward, 'icis' madhye, aanee 'vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan' madhye, manasshastradnya mathyu hyoog erdeli, tatvadnyani arther fine, miki forbes aanee manasshastradnya elon galled yanni johnn shotter yanchyasobat lihile.
hobson yanni 'daad sciences' madhye lihitana 'daad foundation auph psychoanalysis' heey 'friedchya shastradnya mhanoonchya sthitee' vishayiche sarvat mahattvache pustak asalyache varnan kele aanee tyachi tulana manasshastradnya phrank sulove yanchya 'fried, biologist auph daad mind' (1979) shhee kelee. mukt sambandh heey soochanemule dooshit jhaale aahe yaa aaropache khandan karnyat manovishleshak apayashi tharale aahet heey dakhavun aanee 'swapnanchya vyakhyevar' teeka karnyasathi tapshilvar majkoor vishleshanacha vapar karoon aanee manovishleshanavaril popperchya sthitiche kaljipurvak punarmulyankan karoon tyanni grunbaumla hanikarak manovishleshan karnyache shrey dile. tathapi, tyanni assa andaj vartavala qee "manovishleshanacha paya" swikarane katheen hoil kaaran tyanche yuktivad friedchya nishthavantanna aavadat naheet "aanee manovishleshanachya anek avichal vidyarthyanna" grunbamchya gaadh gadyala aanee bhashela tyachya atulaneey tarkshastrachya saundaryasathi khoop jaast kimmat milel."taridekhil, tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee manasshastradnyanni" tyanchya guntaguntichya udhyogasathi aashecha kiran mhanoon manasshastrala tatpuratya vaidnyanik darjachya grunbaumchya puraskarache swagat kele pahije."
strangerne yaa pustakache varnan manovishleshak siddhantache tapshilvar parikshan karnyacha eka prabhavi prayatna mhanoon kele aanee lihile qee grunbaum "manovishleshak sahityache ullekhaneey dnyan darshavito aanee tyache yuktivad spasht aanee changlya prakare dastaivajikaran kelele aahet, jyamule faldayi charcha aanee teeka houu shakate."vidnyanachya tattvadnyanat" lihitana, garudane "" manovishleshanachya paya "" chey varnan, aajatagayatchya frydian siddhantachya tarkik aanee tatvik payachi sarvat kaljipurvak tapasani mhanoon kele aahe ". grunbamche manovishleshan heey popperpeksha shreshth asalyache tyanni manale. friedchya lekhanashi grunbaumchi olakh aanee friedchya swapnanchya siddhantavar teeka karnyache tyanni kautuk kele aanee neurosischya etiologymadhye dadapshahichya karanatmak bhoomikesathi konatahi changla purava nahee heey dakhavun denyache aanee manovidnyanachya hermanutic vyakhyanche khatrilayak tikakar pradan karnyache shrey tyanni dile. tyancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne dakhavun dile qee clinical deta swatach manovishleshanachya mukhya prastavanna samarthan denyasathi apura aahe, parantu tyanni sarvasamaveshakpane manovishleshanachi badnami kelee nahee.
butterworthne grunbaumchya prakaranache varnan kele qee manovishleshan khatrilayak mhanoon tapasale jaau shakate. loyer yanni yaa pustakache varnan "eka prashansaneey vidvattapoorn aanee vidvattapoorn adhikrut abhyas" asey kele aahe. friedla tyachya siddhantanmadhil anek samasyanchi jaaniv hotee heey dakhavun denyache shrey tyane grunbamla dile. tathapi, manasshastradnyanche ahwal aanee siddhant tayar karnyachya prayatnanmadhye farak karnyat ayashasvi tharalyabaddal tyanni grunbamvar teeka kelee. wallace yanni yaa pustakache mahatva sangitale. manasshastrachya vyakhyatmak vyakhyanvar khatrishirpane teeka karnyache shrey tyane grunbamla dile. pagnini 'daad philosophical traimasik' madhye lihile qee, grunbamne habermass aanee ricor yanchya matanche kaljipurvak vishleshan kele, popperchya manovishleshan aanee anubhavjanya parikshankshamta yaa donhinchya khatyanvar khatrishirpane teeka kelee aanee 'anek frydian siddhantanchya khotyapanacha khatrishir purava' deela. froidney tyachya dadapshahichya siddhantachya vividh sutranche shreyahi tyane grunbamla dile... teey banavat puravyanvar aadharit aahet aanee gambhir tarkik doshanmule kamkuvat hotat. tyanni lihile qee frydian siddhantanchya kahee sarvat mahattvachya samkalin vakilankade durlaksh kelyabaddal grunbomwer teeka kelee jaau shakate, parantu suchavale qee grunbaumche "manovishleshanavirodhatil yuktivad yaa lekhakanchya siddhantanna apavad vagalata phaar qamee pramanat vistarle jaau shakatat."friedchya mukhya gruhitkanna keval atirikt-vaidyakeey abhyasandvarech manyata dilee jaau shakate yaa grunbaumchya drushtikonache tyanni samarthan kele aanee asey manale qee tyachya karyane vishleshanatmak tattvadnyanachi shakti aanee satatyapurn mahatva dakhavun dile. tathapi, tyanni namood kele qee "manovishleshanacha paya" vachane katheen hote.
caplanne heey pustak mahattvache parantu katheen manale. tyane grunbamchya habermass, ricor aanee poppervaril tikanna pathimba deela. tyanni grunbamchya 'telly argument' chya charchechi prashansa kelee, assa yuktivad keela qee yamule heey darshavinyat madat jhaali qee 'manovishleshan padtalanisathi atirikt chikitsalayin paddhatinchya' vaparamadhye frydian sanshodhan dhoran kinwa karyakram sodoon dene samavisht aahe."asha paddhatindware padtalani karata yenyajogya konatyahi gruhitkancha fried aanee tyachya suruvatichya anuyayanchya siddhantashi" farsa sambandh "nasel assa nishkarsh tyanni kadhala. vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan" madhye lihitana, garudane "manovishleshanachya payache" varnan samanyatah manovishleshan aanee manvi vartan yaa donhi goshti samajoon ghenyasathi "pramukh yogdan" mhanoon kele aanee grunbamchya manovishleshanachya hermanutic aavruttyanvaril tikela daad dilee. irvinane grunbamla "jyanna vishvas aahe qee tyanchyakade frydian siddhant swikaranyasathi tarksangat karane aahet tyanna eka gambhir aavhan pradan karnyache shrey dile."friedchya kamanantar kelelya manovishleshak siddhantatil badalanmule grunbaumchya tikela uttar milat nahee, yaa grunbaumchya matashi teey sahmat hote. grunbamchya "tele argument" chya charcheche isenak yanni kautuk kele. tyanni grunbamchya manasshastrachya vyakhyatmak vyakhyanvaril tikela dekhil daad dilee.
flanagonne grunbaumla heey darshavinyache shrey dile qee manovishleshanachya davyansathi konatahi vishvasarh purava nahee aanee tyachi vaidnyanik yogyata sthapit jhaleli nahee. tyancha assa vishvas hota qee jarr manovishleshakanni tyache mahatva manya kele tarr grunbamchya tikela, swatah manovishleshakansaha, manovishleshanakade kase pahile jaate yavar parinam hoil. friedney tyachya siddhantanche samarthan karnyasathi vaparlelya yuktivadanchi tapshilvar tapasani sadar karnyache shrey greenbergney grunbaumla dile. friedchya kalpananche moolyankan karnyasathi prakaran abhyasavar avalambun rahane sanshayaspad aahe, heey tyane manya kele. vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan" madhye lihitana, hobsonne "manovishleshanachya payanche" varnan "yugantkari karya" mhanoon kele aanee grunbamla swapnachya neurophysiologybaddalch tyachya kalpananche achook varnan karnyache shrey dile, friedchya swapnanchya siddhantachi khatrishir teeka pradan kelee aanee mukt sambandhanchya doshancha pardafash keela.
holtney grunbamla manovishleshanache sarvat shaktishali aanee sookshm tatvik moolyankan aanee "aapan adyap pahilela shastradnya mhanoon friedver sarvat lakshaniy aarop" pradan karnyache shrey dile."tathapi, tyancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbaumne" "friedchya siddhantansathi samarthanatmak puravyanchi kamatarata" "tasech samkalin manovishleshanala manovishleshanala samasya aanee soochananmule mukt sambandh kitee pramanat qamee kele gele heey atishayoktine sangitale". neuroseschya karanambaddal nishchit dave karnyasathi vaidyakeey puravyancha vapar keela jaau shakat nahee, yaa grunbamshi kechel sahmat hote. tathapi, tyancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne kelelya 'clinical shahanpan' vareel tiket manovishleshak siddhantachya parinamkaraktekade durlaksh kele. clairmanne heey pustak mahattvache manale. tyanni grunbamla manovishleshanachya vyakhyatmak vyakhyanche khandan karnyache shrey dile, tasech popperchya matanche khandan kele aanee heey dakhavun dile qee manovishleshak manovishleshak prastavanna samarthan denyasathi vaidyakeey puravyanvar avalambun rahoo shakat naheet. tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee yaa karyane dakhavun dile qee manovishleshanachi vaidnyanik sthitee sthapit jhaleli nahee. manovishleshanavaril anek drushtikonanvar upayukt charcha pradan karnyache shrey libinane grunbamla dile. haberma, ricor aanee popper yanchi matey sadosh aahet heey tyane manya kele. tathapi, tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee friedney manovishleshanachya anek vyakhya dilya aahet, jyapaiki kahee vyakhya hermanuticscha eka prakar mhanoon pahilya jaau shakatat. leuborskyne grunbamchya "thos puravyan" chya khulyapanachi prashansa kelee aanee tyanchya rugnanchya bhootkalabaddal chikitsakanni kelele nishkarsh sanshayaspad hote heey tyachyashi sahmat jhaale.
marmerne grunbamla sarvasadharanpane manovishleshak sahityache vyapak dnyan aanee visheshtah friedchya karyache shrey dile, heey dakhavun qee mukt sambandh, tasech manovishleshak siddhantache itar pailu, vaidnyanikdrushtya asamarthit hote aanee manovishleshan kinwa upcharpaddhatichya itar prakaranche yash tyanchya antarnihit siddhantanchi achookata sthapit karate yaa drushtikonachya virodhat barech purave saranshit kele. matra, tyanni tyanchya lekhanshailivar teeka kelee. tyancha assa dekhil vishvas hota qee manovikarachya karanamadhye sangharshachi bhoomika aahe yaa kalpanene kahee pramanat vaidhata kayam thewali aanee asey namood kele qee grunbaum yaa vishayavar charcha karnyat kinwa "eka ghatak ghatana mhanoon navhe tarr bahu ghatak mhanoon karanatmakatecha muddah" shodhanyat ayashasvi tharale. prakaranancha itihas haah manovishleshak siddhantacha ekmev aadhar tharoo shakat nahee, yaa grunbaumchya matashi masling sahmat hote. tathapi, sambandhit prayogik puravyanvar purnapane charcha karnyat ayashasvi tharalyabaddal tyanni grunbomwer teeka kelee. pagnini yanni 'vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan' madhye lihile qee friedla manovishleshan heey naisargik vidnyan samajale aanee manovishleshanache hermanutic arth chukiche aahet, yaa grunbaumshey teey sahmat hote. reserne grunbamchya 'telly argument' chya charchechi prashansa kelee aanee tyachyashi sahmati darshavali qee manovishleshak davyanche pramanikaran shevati vaidyakeey nishkarshanvar aadharit asale pahije. yaa kruteela kalpak asey mhatale jaate. tyane grunbamchya poppervaril tikanna samarthan dile aanee assa yuktivad keela qee tyane heey dakhavanyas madat kelee qee samalaingikatebaddalachya manovishleshak gruhitkanchi chachani sanshayaspad hotee. savodnic yanni yaa pustakache varnan manovishleshanachi sarvat mahattvachi teeka asey kele aahe.
shevrinne grunbamche tyachya "manovishleshak vaidyakeey paddhativaril tikela" kautuk kele, parantu yaa kamacha adhik changla anubhavjanya aadhar kassa deela jaau shakato heey suchavanyacha prayatna karnyaivaji manovishleshanavaril hallah mhanoon gairsamaj honyachi shakyata aahe asey manale. tyacha assa dekhil vishvas hota qee grunbaumne vaidyakeey paddhati nakarnyat khoop pudhe gela. free association, friedcha swapnancha siddhant aanee popperver khatrishirpane teeka karnyache aanee manovishleshak davyanna manyata denyache prayatna heey atirikt chikitsalayin chachanivar aadharit asane aavashyak aahe heey darshavinyache shrey storney grunbamla dile. tathapi, tyancha assa vishvas hota qee "manovishleshanacha paya" kharab prakare lihila gela hota. sapene grunbaumchya 'tele argument' chya charchechi prashansa kelee aanee assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaumchya manovishleshanachya tikela samalaingikatebaddalachya manovishleshak drushtikonanvar parinam hoto. wonn accordt yanni grunbamchya 'tele argument' chya charchechi prashansa kelee, parantu 'manovishleshanacha paya' kharabpane lihilela manla. menn grunbaumchya drushtikonacha uddesh manla, parantu tyane friedcha keval ekach sambhavya arth lavala assa vishvas hota. woolbockne grunbamla manovishleshanachya vyakhyatmak vyakhyanvar khatrishirpane teeka karnyache shrey dile, parantu tyane kahee mudde anshodhit thewale assa yuktivad keela.
rutenbergne yaa pustakacha kaljipurvak yuktivad keela aanee lihile qee grunbamne eka utkrusht udaharan dile aahe qee manovishleshak gruhitkanchi chachani samanya vaidnyanik prakriyandvare kelee pahije. tathapi, grunbamne manovishleshanaviruddhachya prakaranala atishayokti dilee asey tyanche mutt hote. cline 'british journal phaur daad philosophy auph science' madhye lihile qee, neurosisasathi dadapshahi heey rogkarak aahe yaa kalpaneviruddha eka shaktishali khatala dakhal karnyache shrey grunbamla dile aanee clinical deta manovishleshak siddhantala samarthan deu shakat nahee heey dakhavun dile. tyanni grunbaumchya prakarnavar dekhil vichar keela, jyamadhye tyanni manovishleshanachya arthanibandhatmak vyakhyanviruddhache prakaran patvoon dile aanee popperchya drushtikonatil truti ughad kelya assa tyancha vishvas hota. tathapi, grunbamne, nyayyateshivay, frydian siddhantache samarthan karnyasathi thevalele prayogik purave nakarle, asey tyanni sangitale. tyanni suchavale qee grunbaum, eka tatvadnyani mhanoon, asha puravyanche moolyankan karanyachi kshamata qamee aahe. notatarno aanee mchugh yanni 'metaphilosophy' madhye lihile qee, manovishleshanasathi anubhavjanya aadhar pradan karnyasathi asalele vaidyakeey purave kamkuvat aahet aanee friedchya mukhya gruhitakanche pramanikaran pramukhyane atirikt-vaidyakeey abhyasanmadhun aale pahije, parantu heey mudde popper, haberma aanee richar yanni kelelya manovishleshanachya samikshanshi susangat asalyache aadhalale aanee teey aashcharyakarak navhate. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee, grunbamne popperver teeka kelee asali taree, tyachya manovishleshan vishleshanache kahee bhag popperchya manovishleshanavaril tikela samarthan detat; tyanni assa yuktivad dekhil keela qee grunbamne popperchya dnyanmimansacha gairsamaj keela aanee popperchya 'vaidnyanik shodhache tarkshastra' (1959) aanee 'vastavad aanee vidnyanachi uddishte' (1983) kadey durlaksh kelyabaddal tyala doshi tharavale. yamule mahattvache mudde upasthit hotat assa vishvas asoonahi, tyanni tyachya yaa yuktivadavar prashnachinh upasthit kele qee, paranoiacha manovishleshak siddhant khota aahe. tyanni popper froidchya lekhnabaddal mothya pramanat adnyani hota yaa tyachya drushtikonavar dekhil prashnachinh upasthit kele aanee froid tyachya siddhantanche khotepan honyachi shakyata aahe yaa tyachya bhoomikevar tyanni aakshep ghetala.
sacks yanni yaa pustakache varnan eka "uttejak" karya mhanoon kele aahe, jyavar grunbaumche friedchya karyabaddalche dnyan aanee frayadnantarchya manovishleshanatil vikasamule aadarpurvak laksh vedhale gele hote. jaree tyanni yala manasshastriy vishleshanachi eka mahattvachi teeka manale asale taree tyanni suchavale qee tyateel barechase habermass aanee recorver teeka karnyasathi samarpit hote, jyane grunbamne friedchya kahee davyancha gairsamaj keela, "tele argument" chey shrey friedla dile, friedche siddhant clinical detavar kitee avalambun hote heey adhorekhit kele, soochananchi aspasht charcha pradan kelee aanee friedchya kahee pratisadankade durlaksh kele qee tyacha clinical deta avishvasaniy hota aanee vishvas naan karata mukt sambandhanvar teeka kelee. tyanni 'swapnancha arth' aanee 'dainandin jivanachya manovikruti' yaa tyanchya vagnukila dosh deela aanee assa yuktivad keela qee tyanni tyaa aanee friedchya itar kahee kamanmadhil parasparsambandhankade durlaksh kele.
kauncha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne manovishleshanachya manovishleshanachya goshti ughad kelya. tyane tyachya 'telly argument' chya charchechi prashansa kelee aanee grunbamchya habermasvaril tikanna samarthan dile. siofine yaa pustakache varnan "mahatvakankshi aanee prakashmay" asey kele, parantu fried "tele argument" varr avalambun aahe yaa grunbaumchya drushtikonavar teeka kelee. tyane grunbomwer aaplya padache rakshan karnyasathi friedchya lekhanacha nivadak vapar kelyacha aarop keela. edelsonne heey pustak atyadhunik manale. tyancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbaumchya 'telly argument' chya charchemule heey darshavinyat madat jhaali qee manovishleshak karanatmak dave karnyasathi clinical detavar avalambun asalyache chukiche tharatat. tathapi, tyancha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne tyachya karanatmak davyanche samarthan karnyasathi manovishleshakanni kelelya vaidyakeey puravyancha konatahi vapar nakarun khoop pudhe gela. manasshastriy gruhitkanchi chachani ghenyasathi abhyas karnyachya grunbaumchya aavahanashi teey sahmat asale taree, tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaum yanni jyaa prakarchya abhyasache samarthan kele tyaa antarnihit samasyankade durlaksh kele. tyanni grunbaumchya mukt sambandhanchya charcha aanee paranoiachya manovishleshak siddhantachi chachani ghenyachya shakyatevar dekhil dosh deela.
friedchya vaidyakeey nirikshan paddhativiruddha grunbaumchya yuktivadala farrell sahmat hote, parantu tarihi teey "aspasht aanee aspasht" asalyache aadhalale aanee tyanna asey vatale qee tyat "gambhir maryada" aahet jyamule manovishleshakanni too nakarla. cline, 'vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan' madhye lihitana, friedchya vaidyakeey paddhativar aanee manovishleshanachya hermanutic vyakhyanvar vishvasarhpane teeka karnyache shrey grunbamla dile. tathapi, jarr dadapshahicha siddhant avaidh tharavata aala tarr heey sarvasadharanpane manovishleshak siddhantala badnam karel, assa grunbaumcha drushtikon tyanni nakarla. cline grunbamvar dadapshahichya astitvasathichya tyachya yuktivadancha gairsamaj karoon ghenyacha, sambandhit puravyankade durlaksh karnyacha aanee kamkuvat puravyancha hawala denyacha aarop keela. notatarno aanee mchug yanni 'vartanuki aanee mendu vidnyan' madhye lihitana, grunbamchya yaa matala samarthan dile qee manovishleshanasathi aadhar mhanoon vaparale jaanare vaidyakeey purave kamkuvat aahet aanee friedchya davyanche pramanikaran heey atirikt vaidyakeey abhyasanvar aadharit asane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, tyanni tyanche manovishleshan khote aahe heey mutt nakarle, tyanchya manovikarachya manovikruti siddhantachya charchevar teeka kelee aanee fried tyanchya siddhantanche khotepana honyachi shakyata aahe yaa tyanchya bhoomikevar tyanni aakshep ghetala. pollockcha assa vishvas hota qee grunbamne manovishleshanavar teeka karane heey rachnatmak hote, parantu tyachya yuktivadanna khatrilayak pratisad hote. tyane assa yuktivadahi keela qee grunbaum friedche karya aanee samanyatah manovishleshan yaat puresa farak karnyat ayashasvi tharala.
spensene assa yuktivad keela qee soochanandware mukt sambandh qamee kele jaatat assa grunbaumcha aarop yogya asoo shakato, parantu too nishkarsh kadhanyasathi aavashyak purava upalabdh navhata. froidchya grunbaumchya charchemadhye yogyata asalyache stroopne pahile, parantu tyachya manasopacharavaril charchevar teeka kelee. vaktelane heey pustak chirsthayi moolya asalyache manale, parantu friedchya karyachya vikasabaddal grunbaumchya charcha, paranoiacha manovishleshak siddhant aanee 'tally argument' varr teeka kelee. carveth yanni yaa pustakache varnan friedchya itar anek samikshanpeksha adhik santulit asey kele aahe. tathapi, jaree tyane habermass aanee recorvaril tyachya kahee tikanmadhye grunbamla barobar manale asale taree, tyane asey mhatale qee froidla manovishleshanakade naisargik vidnyan mhanoon pahane chukiche asoo shakate yaa yuktivadala grunbaum puresha pramanat hatalanyat ayashasvi tharala. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbamche manasshastriy vishleshanasathichya hermanutic drushtikonakade asalele aavhan adhik vyapakpane chukiche hote. paranoiachya manovishleshak siddhantachya chachanimadhye samavisht asalelya muddyanvaril tyanchya charchevarhi tyanni teeka kelee.
forrester yanni yaa pustakache varnan kharab likhit aanee sanghatit asey kele. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee friedney manovishleshanala keval eka naisargik vidnyan manale heey mutt atishay saralikaran aahe aanee grunbamne habermancha chukicha arth lavala aanee recoreche chukiche pratinidhitva kele. grunbaumchya 'telly argument' chya charchevar tyanni teeka kelee, assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaumne chukiche sangitale qee fried tyachya siddhantanchya achukatesathi upcharatmak yashakade ekmev purava mhanoon pahato. tyanni dadapshahi aanee mukt sangati yaa tyanchya charchevarhi teeka kelee. woodwardney grunbamla "manovishleshak sankalpananchya anubhavjanya chachanichi garaj" darshavinyasathi yogya manale. tathapi, tyanni tyanchyavar manovishleshanache "vyangchitra" sadar kelyacha aarop keela aanee manovishleshan siddhantachya mahattvachya pailunkade durlaksh kele. tyanni grunbaumchya 'tele argument' chya charchevar teeka kelee. erdeline prashna vicharla qee friedney kharokharach 'telly argument' vaparla aahe qaa aanee asey mhatale qee yuktivadache apayash kinwa lakshananmadhye utsfurt mafiche astitva yamule manovishleshanala haanee pohochat nahee. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee grunbaum heey manovishleshanatil ghadamodi purnapane vicharat ghenyat ayashasvi tharale, tyanchya vaidyakeey pailoonvar jaast bharr deela aanee tyanna manovishleshak siddhantachi sanshayaspad samaj hotee. fine aanee forbes yanni asey mhatale qee grunbamne chukun assa dawa keela qee friedchya karanatmak gruhitkanna vaidyakeey mahitidvare samarthan nahee aanee "vaiyaktik karanatmak gruhitkanna swatantrapane" chukiche tharavale. tyanni tyachya soochana aanee mukt sangativaril charchanna dekhil dosh deela. galled aanee shotter yanni grunbamvar tyanche chukiche pratinidhitva kelyacha aarop keela.

