
prunus avium

prunus avium, jyala samanyatah wilde cherry, sweet cherry, jeane kinwa burd cherry mhanatat, hii cherichi eka prajati aahe, jee rosacy yaa gulab kutumbatil fulanchi vanaspati aahe. too europe, anatolia, maghreb aanee paschim aashiyatil mool rahivasi aahe, dakshinekadil british betanpasoon morokko aanee tunitiaparyant, uttarekade norweymadheel trandhemsphazord pradeshaparyant aanee purvekade coccus aanee uttar iranparyant, paschim himalayat eka lahanshi ekaki loksankhya aahe. yaa prajatichi lagwad itar pradeshanmadhye mothya pramanat kelee jaate aanee uttar america aanee austreliyamadhye tee naisargik jhaali aahe.
"prunus avium" madhye sola gunasutrancha dvigunit sanch asato (2 "aine" = 16). pikaleli fale vagalata vanaspatichya serve bhaganmadhye cyanogenic glycosides asatat, jeey thode vishari asatat.
varnan.
"prunus avium" haah eka panzadi vruksh aahe joou unch vadhato, jyacha khoda vyasaparyant asato. tarun zaade saral khod aanee samamiteey shankuchya aakarachya mukutasah majboot epical varchasva darshavtat, junya zadanvar goal teey aniyamit hotat.
vargikaran.
tyachya vargikaranacha prarambhik itihas kahisa gondhalalela aahe. speesheej plantrum' chya (1753) pahilya aavruttit, liniusne tyala keval 'prunus cerasus' vaar hii eka vividhata manale. "avium", gaspard bauhinchya "pinax theatry botanisi" (1596) chaa hawala dett.
tyache varnan, 'cerasus resmosa hortensis' ('cherry with resum, auph gardens') darshavite qee tyache varnan lagvadikhalil vanaspatitun kele gele hote. tyanantar 1755 madhye tyachya 'flora suisika' chya dusya aavruttit linius haah 'prunus avium' yaa prajatichya prakarat badalala.
god cherry aitihasikdrushtya jeane kinwa mazzard ('massard' dekhil) mhanoon olakhali jaat asey. alikadchya kalaparyant, donhi aadhunik ingrajimadhye mothya pramanat aprachalit nave hotee.
wilde cherry" heey naav samanyatah tyanchya mool adhivasat vadhana "prunus" chya itar prajatinna, visheshtah uttar american prajati "prunus serotina" laa dekhil lagoo hote.
"lattin bhashet 'prunus avium' mhanje 'pakshi cherry', parantu ingrajimadhye 'pakshi cherry' mhanje 'prunus paddus'.
chamatkarik.
'mazzard' chaa vapar biyanyapasun tayar honanya aanee falanchya lagvadisathi ropacha mulancha satha mhanoon vaparlya jaananya nivadalelya swa-supic sanvargacha sandarbh denyasathi keela gela aahe.
hii sandnya visheshtah 'pii' chya prakaransathi vaparali jaate. avium 'uttar devonmadhye pikavale aanee tethe lagwad kelee, visheshtah landkey yetheel british baganmadhye.
paryavaran.
anek prakarche pakshi aanee sastan prani hii fale sahajpane khatat, jeey falanche maans pachavatat aanee biya tyanchya vishthanmadhye pasaravatat. kahee undeer aanee kahee pakshi (visheshtah havfinch) dekhil aatalya kanyala khanyasathi dagad fodatat.
hii paaney kahee pranyanna ann puravatat, jyat lepidoptera, jase qee cases-vahak patang 'coliophora enatipenela' yancha samavesh aahe.
zaad salatil jakhmanmadhun hiradya baher kadhate, jyadvare teey keetak aanee burshijanya sansarg talhanyasathi jakhama seal karate.
"prunus avium hii prunus cerasus (aambat cherry) chya mool prajatinpaiki eka manali jaate, jyaa bhagat done prajati paraspar aachchhadit hotat tyaa bhagat prunus fruticosa (butaki cherry) aanee prunus cerasus darmyanchya pracheen crossdware. tinhi prajati ekmekansobat prajnan karoo shakatat.
"prunus cerasus" hii aata tyachya swatachya adhikarat eka prajati aahe, jee sankarit aanee sthiratechya palikade vikasit jhaali aahe.
lagwad.
tyachi lagwad anekada fulanche zaad mhanoon kelee jaate. zadacha aakar asalyamule, too anekada udyanat vaparla jaato aanee qamee vela rasta kinwa bageche zaad mhanoon vaparla jaato. plena' heey duheri fulanche roop samanyatah aadhalate, jangali eka-fulanchya rupanaivaji. yuu. keey. madhye, "pii. avium 'plena' laa royal horticultural societycha udyan gunavattecha puraskar midala aahe.
done aantar-vishisht sankarit, "pii". × "schmitty" ("pii. avium "×" pii. canessance) aanee pii. × "fontanesiana" ("pru. avium "×" pii. mahaleb) hii sajavatichi zaade mhanoonahi vadhavali jaatat.
visharipana.
pikaleli fale vagalata vanaspatichya serve bhaganmadhye cyanogenic glycosides asatat, jeey thode vishari asatat.
vapar.
fale.
18vya aanee 19vya shatkatil kahee vanaspatishastra lekhakanni plinychya lekhanavar aadharit yaa prajatiche mool paschim ashiyai asalyache gruheet dharale; tathapi, pragaitihasik europemadhil biyanyanche puratatviy shodh yaa drushtikonachya viruddha aahet.
jangali cherry hii hajaro varshanpasun manvi annachi eka vastoo aahe. brittons sampoorn europemadhye kansyayugatil vasahatinmadhye heey dagad sathyanmadhye sapadale aahet. eka tarkhechya udaharanat, italitil garda talavachya dakshin kinaadhyaajaval desenzano dell garda kinwa lonato yetheel purvichya talavachya kinanyavar aanee kinanyavar kansya yugachya prarambhik aanee madhya kalatil dhigaonyakhalil nivassthanachya khalee aanee talyachya mukhya namunyat jangali cherry macrophosyl sapadale. hii tarikh prarambhik kansya yugat asalyacha andaj aahe, carbon 2077 ii. sha. puu. adhik kinwa vaja 10 varshe aahe. tyaa velee naisargik jungle mothya pramanat saaf kele gele hote.
ii. sha. puu. 800 paryant, ashiya minormadhye aanee tyanantar lagechach greesmadhye cherichi lagwad sakriyapane kelee jaat hotee.
lagvaditil chericha mukhya purvaj mhanoon, god cherry hii done cherry prajatinpaiki eka aahe jee jagatil bahutek khadya cherichya vyavsayik sanvardhanacha puravatha karate (dusari aambat cherry "prunus cerasus" aahe, jee pramukhyane svayampakasathi vaparali jaate; itar kahee prajatinmadhye khoop qamee input aahe).
jithe hawaman yogya asel tithe aata jagbharat cherichya vividh sanvardhit jaatee pikavalya jaatat; sanvardhit jaatichi sankhya aata khoop mothee aahe. nairutya canada, japan, newzealand aanee amerikechya ishanya aanee vayvyes asalelya kahee samshitoshna pradeshanmadhye hii prajati lagvadipasun door gelee aahe aanee naisargik jhaali aahe.
lakud.
kadak, lalsar-tapkiri lakudala (cheriche lakud) lakud firavanyasathi aanee kapat aanee vadye banavanyasathi eka kadak lakud mhanoon mahatva dile jaate. uttar americet, cheriche lakud dhoomrapan karananya khadyapadarthansathi, visheshtah mansasathi dekhil vaparale jaate, kaaran teey utpadanas eka vegali aanee sukhad chav dete.
itar upayog.
zadachi saal jakhmanmadhil hirdyanchi hirad sugandhi asate aanee chuing gamala paryay mhanoon chaghalali jaau shakate.
aushadh heey madak dravyanchya, jeey sookshm, mutravardhak aanee mutravardhak asatat, tyanchya dandyanpasun (padatrane) tayar kele jaau shakate.
vanaspatipasun hirwa rangahi tayar keela jaau shakato.
europemadhye shetichya jaminichya vanikaranasathi jangali chericha mothya pramanat vapar keela jaato aanee vanyajeev aanee sukhsoyichya lagvadisathi dekhil tyache moolya aahe. anek european deshanmadhye jangali cherisathi januk sanwardhan aanee/kinwa prajnan karyakram aahet.
sanskrutik itihas.
pliny heey "prunus", plum phal aanee "cerasus", cherry phal yaat farak karate. aadhich plinymadhye anek sanvardhit jaatee uddhrut kelya aahet, kahee sambhavya prajati kinwa jaatee, aproniana, lutatia, ceciliana ityadi. pliny tyanna swadanusar shrenibaddha karate, jyat dulcis ("god") aanee esser ("tikshna") yancha samavesh aahe. aanee itake pudhe jaaun sangato qee roman mahavyavasthapak lucius lysinius leukulasne ii. sha. puu. 74 madhye mithridatescha parabhav karnyapurvi, 'sereshiya'... italimadhye cherichi zaade navhati", asey italimadhye indhan nasalele mhatale jaate. tyachya matey, leukulasne tyanna pontus yethoon aanale aanee tevhapasoon 120 varshant teey europbhar brittenmadhye pasarale hote.
jaree 'prunus avium' (god cherry) chya lagvadi/paliv jaatee brittenmadhye kinwa europechya bahutek bhagat astitvat nasalya, taree tyachya vanya rajyatil zaad brittons bahutek europeche mool aahe. irelandmadhil county offley yetheel cranog yethe kansyayugaparyant jangali falanchya vaparache purave sapadale aahet.
tathapi, sampoorn europemadhye kansyug aanee roman puratatva sthalanmadhye cherichya anek prajatinchi biyane sapadali aahet. god" aanee "aambat" yaa sandarbhamule, "god" haah "prunus avium" hota yaa aadhunik drushtikonache samarthan hote; cherimadhye itar konatehi umedvar aadhalat naheet. 1882 madhye alphons dii candolne nidarshanas aanoon dile qee uttar italichya (1500-1100 ii. sha. puu.) terramer sanskratit aanee swis dhigaonyakhalil gharanchya tharanvar "prunus avium" chee biyane sapadali. plinychya vidhanabaddal too mhanato (pru. 210):
shastriy shalanmadhye satatyane hott asalelya punaravruttimule hii truti kayam rahileli asalyane, punha ekada asey mhatale pahije qee leukuluschya aadhi italimadhye cherichi zaade (kiman pakshi cherry) astitvat hotee aanee prasiddha swadisht khadyapadarthala aambat kinwa kadoo phal asalelya prajaticha shodh ghenyasathi phaar door jaanyachi garaj navhati.
dii candoll suchavatat qee leukulasne jeey parat aanale teey cocksusmadhil "prunus avium" chee eka vishisht sanvardhit jaat hotee. pii" chya sanvardhanache mool. avium haah ajunahi eka khula prashna aahe. aadhunik lagwad kelelya cherry 2-3 centimeter vyasachi mothee fale asanyamadhye jangalipeksha bhinn aahet. sahajpane kapanisathi lahan thevanyasathi zaade bahudha butkya mulanvar vadhavali jaatat.
lokarachane (1892) ashach prakare leukuluschya cherila lagvadikhalil jaat mhanoon olakhale aahe. teey mhanatat qee italimadhye tyachi suruvat jhalyanantar eka shatkanantar brittenmadhye tyachi lagwad karnyat aalee hotee, parantu "saxon kalat tee nahishi jhaali". teey nondavtat qee pandharavya shatkat 'cherries aun daad rayas' (i.eae. daad tankyanvar) heey londonchya rastyavaril radnanyanpaiki eka hote, parantu heey 'sthanik jangali cherry kinwa jian-trii' chey phal hote assa andaj aahe. heinry VIII chya faldarane lagvaditil jaatichi brittenmadhye punha olakh karoon dilee, jyane tee flandermadhun aanali aanee teinham yethe cherichi baag lavali.