
heinery daad laa tour dii auvern, viscount auph turren

heinry dii laa tour dii 'auvern, vikomte dii turren (11 september 161127 julai 1675), jyala samanyatah turren mhanoon olakhale jaate, too eka french senapati hota aanee francechya marshal generalla badhati denyat aalelya keval sahaa marshalpaiki eka hota. laa tour dii auvern kutumbatil sarvat prasiddha sadasya, tyachya paach dashakanchya karkirditil tyachya lashkari karnamyanni tyala itihasatil sarvat mahan lashkari senapatinpaiki eka mhanoon pratishtha midvoon dilee.
francechya marshalcha mulga, huguenot kutumbat janmalela, tyala lahan vayatach yuddhakalechi olakh jhaali. tyanni pratham dutch rajyachya sainyat svayamsevak mhanoon kaam kele, tyanche maama morris auph nasau aanee fredrick heinry yanchya aadeshanusar, parantu nantar tyanni francechya sevet aapali karkird suru thevanyacha nirnay ghetala, jithe tyanche udatt mool aanee siddha gunanmule teey lavkarach lashkari padanukramat avvalsthani pohochale. 1638 madhye brisackcha killa tabyat gheuun tees varshanchya yuddhadarmyan too prasiddha jhaala. 1643 madhye francechya marshalala badhati dilee, tyane baveriyaviruddha hallah keela, teen varshanchya pracharat bavarian sainyala parabhoot kele aanee bavariachya matdarala shantata prasthapit karnyas bhag padale. matdarane lavkarach karar modala aanee 1648 madhye turrene swedish pathimbyane punha aakraman kele, zusmarshausen yethe shahee sainyala parabhoot kele aanee bavariya shant kele.
turrene suruvatila frondla pathimba deela parantu 1651 madhye shahee sevet paratali, parisachya bahereel condechya rajkumaranchya bandkhor sainyacha parabhav karoon aanee shahar punha tabyat gheuun francecha agraganya senapati mhanoon udayas aalee. 
aras (1654) aanee dunkirk (1658) yethe spanish sainyaviruddhachya tyachya vijayamule spanish netherlandscha barachsa bhag vyapala gela aanee spenviruddhache yuddh vijayi nishkarshaparyant pohochale. done varshannantar lui chaudavyane tyala francecha marshal general mhanoon niyukt kele. jaree too sampoorn rajeshahicha samarthak asala taree, rajkiy protsahan asoonahi tyane yapurvi asey karnyas nakar dett, 1668 madhye keval catholic dharm swikarla.
1667 madhye hastantaran yuddhadarmyan, turrene pratyakshat konatyahi pratikaravina spanish netherlands tabyat ghetale. 1672 madhye frenchanni dutch prajasattakavar aakraman kele aanee marshal generalne emsterdamparyant desh jinkla. dachanchya bhoojalpralayamule, tyane pudhchya varshi pavitra roman samrajyavar aakraman kele, aanee teey kombadyaparyant pohochale aanee brandenbergla frenchvirodhi yutee sodoon denyas bhag padale. varishtha mitrapakshanchya sainyakadun parabhwala samore jaatana, tyane tyachya karkirdit yuddhbhumivaril vijayanchi malika, visheshtah turkhemmadhye (1675) aanee hivalyachya madhyat wazchya bhovati eka kushal dhoranatmak valan chalval, jyane samrajyala alsespasoon door nele, yancha mukut ghatala. 1675 madhye salzbakhchya ladhait too shahee tofane marla gela.
parshvabhoomi aanee prarambhik karkird.
heinry dii laa tour dii overncha dusra mulga, duke auph bouilan, sedancha sarvbhoum rajkumar, tyachi dusari patni elizabeth, vilyam daad sayalentachi mulgi, prince auph aurange, tyacha janm sedan yethe jhaala. asey mhatale jaate qee tyachya suruvatichya aayushyat tyachya paishancha barachsa vaataa garibanparyant pohochala. tyane itihas aanee bhoogolat lakshaniy kaushalya dakhavale asale taree, tyala tyaa kalatil tarun kulinanche samanya prashikshan aanee huguenot shikshan midale, parantu sharirik durbalata aanee bolanyatil adthala (joou tyane kadhihi gamavala nahee) yamule tyachya pragatila adthala aala aanee alekzandar daad gret aanee seasurechya karnamyanmule too khoop prabhavit jhaala. suruvatila too eka aalashi vidyarthi hota, parantu tyachya vadilanni jevha asey mhanoo lagale qee tyacha bauddhik aalas haah tyachya sharirik kamkuvatpanaitakach sainyat sameel honyat motha adthala hota, tevha tyane swatachya ichchhene abhyas karnyas suruvat kelee. 1623 madhye aaplya vadilanchya mrutyunantar, tyanni swatahla sharirik vyayamasathi samarpit kele aanee mothya pramanat tyanchya naisargik kamkuvatpanavar maat kelee. turren aanee tyachi aaee bhakt calvinvadi hote aanee tyanna cardinal richeliubaddal shanka hotee, mhanoon jevha turren vayachya chaudavya varshi yuddhacha abhyas karnyasathi gela tevha tyane hollandcha rakhvaldar aanee narangicha rajkumar, tyacha kaka, mauris auph nasauchya chhavanit asey kele, tyane ainshi varshanchya yuddhadarmyan mauricechya angarkshakamadhye khajgi mhanoon suruvat kelee.
1625 madhye tyacha bhau morris yachya jaagi steadtholder aanee prince auph aurange mhanoon kaam karananya nasauchya fredrick heinryne 1626 madhye turrenila karnadharpad dile. tyaa kalatil prathepramane, turreney swatahun aaplya sainyachi chhatani kelee aanee tyachya dharmaday aanee sadhya jivanshailimule tyancha aadar midavala. tyachi company hii lashkaratil sarvottam shodhak aanee sarvat shistabaddh company asalyacha aarop hota, tyala tyachya sainikanna keval shistach navhe tarr uchch naitik manakanchihi aavashyakta hotee. tyachya dayalupanamule too sampoorn sainyat lokpriy jhaala. tarun adhikaone tyaa kalatil vedhyanmadhye bhag ghetala, killebandi aanee vedhyabaddalachya yuddhabaddal barech kahee shikale. 1629 chya bois-leey-dukchya vedhyat tyachya kaushalyachi vishesh prashansa jhaali, parantu nishkaljipanabaddal tyala fatkarnyat aale. too sainyache netrutva karnyachya tapashilambaddal dekhil barech kahee shikala, jase qee paharekari aanee hergiri. 1630 madhye turrene netherlands sodoon francechya sevet pravesh keela, lashkari pragatichya shakyatemule prerit jhaala, parantu french mukutaprati nishtha darshavinyachya tyachya aaichya ichchemulehi.
cardinal richelione lagechach tyala payadal regimentcha curnell banavala. tarihi tyane thodya antarane narangichya rajkumarasobat seva karane suru thewale, jyachi tyaveli franceshee yutee hotee. tyane antwerpjawal yashasvi ladhait bhag ghetala aanee hendrick vanne dayne bargviruddha ladhala. 1630 madhye tyane scombergchya netrutvakhali eka anpekshit mohimet bhag ghetala, parantu french dhwajakhali tyachi pahili gambhir seva marshal dii laa forcene (1634) laurenmadhil laa mothechya vedhyat jhaali, jithe hallyatil tyachya tejaswi dhairyane tyala "marechal dii camp" (mejar-generalchya aadhunik darjachya samatulya) padavar twarit badhati midvoon dilee. 1635 madhye turrene laurenmadhye aanee raeenmadhye lui dii nogaret dii laa valletchya antargat seva kelee. french aanee tyanchya mitrarashtranni mainzcha shahee vedha (8 august 1635) vadhavala, parantu french sainyala tartudinchya abhavamule metzwar parat jaave lagale. maghar ghetana tyane prasiddha shahee senapati galanni talwari mojalya aanee swatahla khoop vegale kele. too yuddhat tyachya pathlag karnanyanna parabhoot karnyat yashasvi jhaala parantu samrajye itaki mothee hotee qee tyanna valata yeu shakat navhate. punarrachit sainyane 1636 madhye punha maidan tabyat ghetale aanee savern (zeburn) tabyat ghetale, jyachya vadalat too gambhir jakhami jhaala. 1637 madhye tyane jameen tabyat ghenyabarobarach (26 julai) flanderschya mohimet bhag ghetala. 1638chya uttaradhat, sacks-weimerchya (1608-1639) bernhardchya netrutvakhali kaam karat, tyane brisachvar (varchya gendyavaril sarvat majboot killa mhanoon olakhala jaanara) hallah karnyache nirdesh dile, jyane 17 december roji aatmasamarpan kele.
turrene aata francechya tarun senapatinpaiki eka mhanoon pratishtha midavali hotee aanee tyanantar richelione tyala heinry dii lauren, harcortchya count antargat 1639-1640 chya italian mohimet niyukt kele. 19 november 1639 roji turrene 'ruut dii quiers' chee ladhai navachya prasiddha reargard karvait ladhale, jyasathi tyala bharpur shrey midale, jaree tyane swatachya ghatananchya varnanat fakt eka chhoti bhoomika dilee. casalchya ladhait french lokanni 10.000 spanishcha parabhav keela. french senapati harcortla jawaljawal vedha ghatala gela hota, parantu turrene shatrula ghabaravanyasathi fasavanukicha vapar keela aanee ladhai jinkley. 1640 madhye harcortney caselle monferrato vachavala aanee prince thomaschya sainyala turinmadhye vedha ghatala, jyanni darmyanchya kalat tyanchya valyat killyatil aanakhi eka french sainyala vedha ghatala. tyaa hivalyat tyane frenchanni savoycha rajkumar thomas yachya sainyachya virodhat tabyat ghetalelya turinchya killyavar punha vijay midavala. 17 september 1640 roji rajkumar thomas yala sharan jaave lagale, tarr chauthya sainyane harcortchya sainyala tyach velee nivrutt honyas bhag padale hote. aataparyant leftnunt-general asalelya turrene yaa vijayat mothee bhoomika bajavali hotee. 1641 chya mohimedarmyan tyane swatah netrutva kele aanee coney, seva aanee mondovi ghetale.
1642 madhye tyane rausilanvar vijay midvananya french sainyacha duyyam-inn-kamand mhanoon kaam kele. yaveli richelyune sink marscha cutt shodhun kadhala jyamadhye turrencha motha bhau, duke auph bouilan, adakala hota.
francecha marshal.
sedanchya rajvatichya french rajgharanyashi asalelya sambandhancha turrenechya aadhichya karkirdivar lakshaniy prabhav padala; kadhikadhi ducal kutumbashi salokha sadhanyasathi sainikala pudhe nene aavashyak asalyache siddha jhaale, tarr itar velee ducal kutumbachya richelyu kinwa mazarinviruddhachya davpechanmule rajachya sallagaranna tyanchya senapatila shetat tyancha purn vishvas thevanyapasun rokhale gele. shivay, protestant dharmache tyache satatyapurn palan yamule turenachya mantryansobatchya sambandhanmadhye aanakhi adchaniche ghatak nirman jhaale. cardinal richelyune tarihi 1643 madhye prince thomas yachya netrutvakhali italimadhye tyala aadnya sopavali, jyane bhandanat paksh badalale hote aanee jyavar richelyucha vishvas navhata. thomas, siddhantatah swatah hukumdar asatana, tyane twareet turrenla mohimechya niyantranat thewale. spanish lokanna moorkh banavanyasathi fasavanuk karoon triano turrenella kamkuvat karoon kahee aathvadyant shaharavar kabja keela. tyala francecha marshal mhanoon badhati denyat aalee (16 meey 1643).
turrenichi karkird uddhvast karananya cardinal mazarinechya katamule turrenila parat bolavanyat aale. yacha arth assa qee achanak eka changlya senapatichi garaj bhasalyas too upalabdh hota. frenchanna tutlingen yethe vinashkari parabhav patkarava laglyanantar, turrenla punha karvait utaravanyat aale. pudhil moheem tyachya karkirdila khoop pudhe neil.
sainyala punha ladhanyachya sthiteet aanatana, euraine 5,000 ghodadalasathi ghodeswar aanee 4,000 payadal sainikansathi kapade swatachya paishane vikat ghetale. punarrachana sampalyanantar, juuna 1644 madhye turrene breesachya velee rayan nadee olandun moheem suru kelee. gendyakade maghar ghenyapurvi tyane gaspard wonn dayecha kalya jangalat parabhav keela. qamee sankhyena vedhalelya freebergla aaram denyat asamarth, duke auph engionchya netrutvakhalil eka sainya tyachyasobat sameel jhaale, jyala nantar grand "konde" mhanoon olakhale gele. rajgharanyacha rajkumar mhanoon dukeney 'france' aanee 'weimer' chya sanyukt sainyachi mukhya kamaan ghetali. franz wonn marsichya bavarian lokanviruddha (3,5 aanee 9 august 1644) frybergchi tivra ladhai hii pahilya mohimechi mukhya ghatana siddha jhaali. yaa ladhait turreney shatruchya bajula kelelya changlya kheline swatahla vegale kele. frenchanni phillipsburgla yashasviritya vedha ghaloon pudhe vatchal suru thewali. sharanagatipurvi, engienne maghar ghetali aanee turrenila hukumshahimadhye sodale. tyach velee laurencha duke jawalchya bacharachala vedha ghalanyasathi gela. turrene 500 manse ghetali aanee bacharachjaval eka motha tall bandhala, jyane asey manale qee turreneche mothe sainya lauren mage hutley aahe. turrene krezanacha mahattvacha killa tabyat gheuun aanee donhi sainyanmadhil marg adavoon pudhe chaloo thewala.
turrene 1645chya mohimechi suruvat yashasvi pudhe halchaline kelee, parantu bavarian vikhurlele aanee door aahet asey vatoon dayaa tyala fasavanyat yashasvi jhaali aanee too aashcharyachakit jhaala aanee mergenthyme yethe tyacha parabhav jhaala. jyaveli turenene tyachya eka adhinsthala ekatra aananyache aadesh twarit dile hote, tevha general rosenla paristhitichi mahitee denyat aalee nahee, aadeshache ullanghan kele, jyamule tureneche mukhya sainya jinkat asatana parabhav jhaala. turrenechya sainyane aapale serve tofkhana aanee saman aanee payadalatil paach sahava bhag gamavala. turrene hesekade mage sarkala, jyamule tyache sainya french tasech swedish sainya aanee kondechya netrutvakhalil sainyadalat sameel jhaale, jyanni punha ekada kamaan ghetali. swedish lavkarach nighun gele, parantu engionne ajunahi 17,000 purushanna aadesh deela. dayechya maghar ghenanya sainyacha samna hoiparyant frenchanni thodyasha virodhala tond dett bavariyat kooch kele. dayemule tofkhanyachya dvandvayuddhat frenchanchi jivitahani jhaali aanee tyane alrehemvaril morchat tyanna parabhoot kele, aanee tyache sthan majboot karnyasathi vel ghetala. turrene naan ladhanyacha sallah deela parantu condene heey nakarle. turreneechya hallyachya yojanela kondene manyata dilee. pudhil ladhai frenchancha vijay hota aanee dayaa marley gelee parantu frenchanna khoop tras sahan karava lagla hota. kharab aarogyamule, turrenla tisyanda french sainyachya adhipatyakhali sodoon, tyanantar lagechach nivrutt honyas engienla bhag padale. tyala uchch shahee sainyane bhetale aanee tyala maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele. phillipsburg yethe, turrenne naukanchya pulacha vapar karoon gendyacha kinara paar keela.
tyachya magharnantar eka mahinyanantar, turrenne 120 mailanchi padayatra karoon, eka dashakahun adhik kaal samrajyavadi tabyat rahilyanantar, tyache matdar phillip christophe wonn sottern hyasathi too punha tabyat ghetala. yaa halchalidware francemadhil mozelvar niyantran midvalyanantar tyane tyaa nadiche sanrakshn sudharanyache tharavale. tureni aata francela paratala jithe tyala duchy auph cheto-therry deu karnyat aalee, jeey tyachya bhawala dekhil vachan denyat aale hote, mazarinane, joou tureni aanee tyachya bandkhor bhavamadhye daree nirman karnyacha prayatna karat hota, parantu tureni cardinal kaay karat hota teey pahile aanee tyachya bhavakade vyavhar purn jhalyasach sweekarle. 1646 madhye turrenila adhik lashkari yash midale. tyane rangelchya adheen asalelya swedish lokansobat aapale sainya ekatra aananyacha nirnay ghetala. matra, french aanee swedish sainya ekatra naan karnyasathi aanee gendyacha paar naan karnyasathi mazarinane bavariyachya dukeshey karar keela hota. tyaa badalyat bavarian shahee sainyat sameel honar naheet. tyane turrenila luxembergla vedha ghalanyache aadesh dile parantu turrenila duke auph bavariachya chukichya khelabaddal yogya sanshay aala aanee tyane vilamb keela. lavkarach bavarian sainyane samrajyavadyanshi sampark sadhala aanee turrene rangella madat karnyasathi tech karnyacha prayatna keela. too vesaldware eka valan vaparoon yashasvi jhaala kaaran tyachya dakshines dusra konatahi pool navhata joou too vaparu shakat hota. sanyukt sainyane danubechya dishene kooch kele aanee bavariyatoon tyancha marg lutat munich aanee brejenjparyant pudhe gele. yamule bavariyachya matdarala shantata prasthapit karnyasathi patale. yaa yuktya vaparoon napolean mhanala qee tyane "mothe dhairya, doordrashti aanee pratibha darshavili aahe; teey bhavya parinamanmadhye supic aahet aanee serve lashkari purushanni tyancha abhyas keela pahije". 1647 madhye tyane samratachya kamkuvat sainyavar hallah karnyacha prastav thewala, parantu tyaeivaji tyala flandermadhye nemanyache aadesh denyat aale. asha prakare francene keval eka sandhee gamavali nahee, tarr sahaa mahinyanpasun pagar naan midalelya weimer sainyat eka gambhir bund suru jhaale. turreneechya aagrahavar alikadech uchch padavar padonnati midalelya rosenne, tyanni kaidi asalyache bhasavun, weimerian ghodadalala bund karnyas patvoon dile. turrene aadhich tyachya mukhya sainyasah flandersasathi ravana jhaala hota, parantu bandkhoranna aashcharyachakit karoon, eka chhotya tukadisah parat aala. achanak hallah karoon tyancha naash karnyaivaji tyane tyanchyabarobar kooch kele janoo too ajunahi hukumshaha aahe aanee rosenla guptapane atak karnyat too yashasvi jhaala, jyanantar bund sampale. tyanantar tyane luxembergmadhye kooch kele parantu lavkarach tyala gendyakade jaanyache aadesh midale. turrene bhakit kelyapramane 1647 madhye bavaria punha shahee karyat sameel jhaala. tyane samrajyavadyanna krumincha vedha uthavanyas bhag padale aanee baveriyaviruddha aupcharikpane yuddh ghoshit kele. punha ekada rangelchya netrutvakhali sweedenberober sameel jhalyanantar, teey samrajyavadyanchya virodhat ekatra gele. scoutsna samrajye sapadali, dusya ratri turrene guptapane tyache sainya samrajyanchya jawal halavale. dusya divashi, 17 meey roji, rajvatinche adhikari dhokyabaddal anbhidnya houn ravana jhaale, parinami tyancha bachav karnara tukada ekte padala aanee zusmarshausen yetheel eka bhishan ladhait tyancha parabhav jhaala. tyanantar adhik surakshit shantata mileparyant sainyane bavariya aag aanee talvarine vaya ghalavala. anek aadhunik lekhakanni jyasathi turrenila doshi tharavale aahe, too haah vidhvans, tyaa kalatil bhavna aanee parvanagi asalelya prakaranachya paristhitipeksha adhik kathor upay mhanoon disala nahee. turrene austriyachya dishene jaanyacha aanee vienna tabyat ghenyacha vichar keela, parantu westfeliyachya shantatevar swakshari jhalyamule hii moheem kadhihi pratyakshat aalee nahee.
frond aanee lui chaudavyache prarambhik rajyakal.
westfeliyachya shantatemule (1648) francemadhye thodi shantata aalee, jee lavkarach frondechya yadavi yuddhat (1648-1653) sameel jhaali. pahilya yuddhadarmyan tyane donhi bajunna sameel honyas nakar deela. mazarinane tyala weimerchya sainyachya senapatipadavarun hatvale, jyamule turren netherlandsmadhye paloon gela, jithe too ruelcha taha (march 1649) hoiparyant rahila aanee frondchya pahilya yuddhacha ant jhaala. lui, grand condene darbarat anek shatru banavale hote, visheshtah mazarin, jyamule akheris sangharsh hoil. condella tyachya lashkari sevesathi khoop bakshis milanyachi apeksha hotee, jyane mazarinchya bajoone frond kele hote, parantu condechya kamgiribaddal mazarinche uchch mutt navhate. konde yanna alikadech konde hii sansthanachi padvi varshane midali hotee, tyanni aaplya lashkari krutindware mothee prasiddhi aanee prabhav midavala hota, tyanna raktacha rajkumar banavanyat aale hote aanee pahilya frondechya sadasyanmadhye tyanni drudh sambandh prasthapit kele hote. aata too aanee mazarin ekmekanchya nashasathi cutt rachanyat vyagra hote. condey aanee tyachya kahee mitranna atak karnyat aalee tevha dusare yuddh suru jhaale. tyanchyasobat atak karnyacha hetu asalela turreney velevar paloon gela aanee duchess dii longuvils 'rajkumar'-condey, tyacha bhau conty aanee tyacha mehuna duke dii longuville yanchya karanasathi stene thewala. pahilya yuddhat aanee aata rajkumaransathi spanish madat magnyat, ducessveril premane turreneechya krutivar rajya kele asey disate. yaa yuddhat turreney rethel yethe (15 december 1650) tyachya kahee ultyanpaiki eka samna tikavoon thewala; parantu dusra sangharsh pudhchya varshachya suruvatichya mahinyant darbaratil pakshacha padav aanee rajkumaranchya suitcase sampala.
turrene meey 1651 madhye samet keela aanee parisla paratala, parantu lavkarach hii samasya punha suru jhaali aanee francemadhil dakshinekadil bandkhoricha darja punha unchavala. yamadhye, fronde, turrene aanee konde yanche tisare yuddh ekmekanchya virodhat ubhe rahile, marshal shahee sainyache netrutva karat hota, fronderscha rajkumar aanee tyanche spanish mitra. turinne jargeu (28 march 1652) yethe eka tarun sainikache vaiyaktik shaurya, gian (7 april) yethe eka anubhavi senapatiche kaushalya aanee yuddhopayogipana pradarshit keela aanee fobberg seent antoinchya ladhait (2 julai) aanee parisachya punarvikasachya ladhait (21 aktoobar) tyane pratyaksh nagri yuddhala chiradoon takale.
spainchya virodhat.
turenila ajunahi condeshy samna karava lagat hota, joou spaniardchya bajoone ladhat hota. spanish fronde' chya lambchya mohimanmule donhi prasiddha karnadharanni lashkari kaushalya pradarshit karnyasathi pureshi sandhee dilee. juuna 1653 madhye turrene aanee laa ferte yanni fronderschya virodhat kooch kele. tyanchyakade 7,000 payadal aanee 5,000 ghodadal (kinwa 6,000 payadal aanee 10,000 ghodadal, eka vegalya strotachya matey) hote. kondene 30,000 sainikanvar niyantran thewale. spanish sainya 120 mailanchya antaravar done thikani tall thokun aahe heey aikoon tyane vegane pudhe kooch kele aanee tyanchya darmyan asalelya rethelvar kabja keela. aata 16,000 payadal aanee 11,000 ghodadal asalele, jyache netrutva konde karat navhate, teey eka spanish sainya yaa bhagat aale. turrene yaa shaktila parisla kondesah ghenyapasun rokhanyasathi aanee hivalyaparyant tyanche krutee swatantrya maryadit karnyasathi chhaya padanyacha nirnay ghetala. spanish lokanna fakt kahee kille ghenyacha hetu hota tyamule turreney yashasvi jhaala. ekekali konde heey turrenila parabhoot karnyachya sthiteet hote, parantu spanish senapatine konde yanna hallah karoo deela nahee. akheris spanish lock turrenipasun bachav karnyat yashasvi jhaale aanee tyanni roroi tabyat ghetala, parantu teey heey karat asatana turreney mauzon ghetala. tyane sente-mainhold dekhil ghetale. 
turrene 1654chya mohimechi suruvat, kondechya fronde aanee vaiyaktik malmattechya kendranpaiki eka asalelya stenekade jaaun kelee. turrenla mohimesathi balkatikaran midale hote aanee madat prayatnanpasun bachav karnyasathi jordar tayari kelee hotee. tyaeivaji konde aanee archduke leopold wilheim yanni arranchya mahattvachya killyala vedha ghaloon tyala mage takale. konde aanee aarchdyukkade 25,000 sainik asalyane aanee turreney fakt 14,000-15,000 varr coll karoo shakat asalyane, turreney balkat asalelya fronderschya virodhat jaanyapurvi stene kosalanyaparyant pratiksha karnyacha nirnay ghetala. turreney ektyane hukum karat naseh duke auph york, laa ferte, brogley aanee sarvankade adhikarhi hote. parantu tyane adhik sankhyechya spanish sainyashi aakramakpane samna karnyachya tyachya yojanela asalela virodh maat kelee. turreney yaa hallyasathi athak tayari kelee hotee. tyane swatachya shatruchya thikananchi pratyaksh tapasani kelee aanee spanishla tyachyavar hallah karayacha qee nahee heey tharvayala khoop vel lagel heey tyachya lakshat aale. tyane aaplya sainikanna dharmik seva puravilya aanee tyachya adhikanyanna spanish sanrakshanasathi vistrut vapar karanyachi tantre samajavun sangitali. spanishcha parabhav jhaala, 6,000 sainik aanee 63 tofancha parabhav jhaala, tarr frenchanni fakt 400 sainik gamavale. haah vijay eka nirnayak tappa hotah tevhapasoon frenchanna yaa pradeshat lakshaniy fayda jhaala.
1655chya mohimepurvi aanakhi eka mahattvachya goshtisathi turrenchya urjechi aavashyakta hotee. parismadhye dangli usalalya hotya, raja aanee sansad yanchyatil rajkiy vadansah; nagri sangharsh punha dhokyat aala. rajane sansadechya baithakila manai kelee, tarr sansadene tyanchya bajoone yaa maganikade durlaksh kele. vadhatya nirankush majareenchya nimantranavarun turenila vataghatisathi aamantrit karnyat aale hote, jeey tyane yashasviritya kele.
turrene jamini tabyat gheuun 1655chee moheem suru kelee. tyanantar lagechach, turrene konde jawaljawal tabyat ghetale parantu eka adhinastha vyaktichya apayshamule too paloon gela. tyanantar turrene konde aanee sentche kille tabyat ghetale. compiagne yethe nyayalayat parat bolavanyapurvi khatala dakhal qaraa. hockwinkortla majarinane tyache mahattvache padd lutale hote aanee aata condene tyachyakade sampark sadhala. jarr hockwinkortne hamm aanee peron, jyacha too prabhari hota, tyala sharan dile tarr french sthitee khoopach kamkuvat hoil. spanish swabhavamule turreney tyaa thikani sainya halavoo shakala nahee, parantu hockwinkortshee vataghati karnyasathi mazarinla patvoon dile, jeey yashasvi jhaale.
yaa tappyavar, aataparyant spaincha mitra asalela cromwellcha ingland tasech lauren french pakshat sameel jhaale. spainchya chauthya philipane mageel mohimanmadhye itake ayashasvi jhalelya senapatinchi jaaga anubhavi senapati marshal carresena aanee austriyachya donn juan yanna dilee. junmadhye, turrene aanee laa ferte yanchya netrutvakhalil sainyane valencinesla vedha ghatala, jyamule tyaa thikanala vedha ghalanyas suruvat jhaali. spanish lokanni turenichya sthitila puur yenyasathi jawalchya daikanna todale parantu tureni paanee shaharachya purgrast bhagakade valavale. jevha turrene spaniards hallyachi tayari kartana pahile, tevha tyane duparchya kinwa ratrichya hallyasathi tayari karnyache aadesh dile. pann laa fertene aadesh palala nahee, mhanoon jevha spanitione hallah keela, tevha 15 minitanpeksha qamee velat tyachi sthitee ulgadali gelee. laa ferte aanee 4,400 sainikanna pakadanyat aale. gondhal aanee andhar asoonahi, turrenne aapale sainya gola karnyat yash midavale aanee jaree aapale ardhe tofkhana gamavale taree tyane maghar ghenyache aadesh dile. baaraa mailanantar, turrene thambanyacha aadesh deela. frenchanna yuddhat utartana pahoon spanish lokanna sapala basalyacha sanshay aala aanee parinami hallah karnyat teey ayashasvi tharale. asey asoonahi, turren condey aanee quesnoy yanna vachavu shakala nahee, parantu tyane laa chappell ghetale, jeey condey aaram karnyat ayashasvi tharale aanee sentche patan rokhale. ganda ghalato.
tyachya nantarchya bhashyamadhye, napoleanne valencinesmadhil parabhavasathi turreneevar teeka kelee. tyane lihile qee turrene spanishchya virodhat kooch karayala havey hote kaaran nadine tyachya sainyache vibhajan kele hote aanee tyamule laa fertela madatichi garaj bhasalyas too laa fertela pathimba deu shakala nahee.
1658 madhye dankirkjavalachya tekadyanchya ladhait turreneechya vijayanantar yuddh akheris sampale, jyamadhye cromwellne pathavalelya ingraji diggajanchya eka tukadine eka ullekhaneey bhoomika bajavali (3-14 juuna); eka vijay, jyanantar 1658 madhye aanakhi eka yashasvi moheem, 1659 madhye pyrenicha taha jhaala.
1661 madhye mazarinchya mrutyunantar lui chaudavyane sarkarchi sutre swatachya hatat ghetali aanee tyachya pahilya krutyanpaiki eka mhanoon turrenila "rajachya chhavanya aanee sainyache marshal-general" mhanoon niyukt kele. marshal roman catholic jhaala tarr tyane turreneechya bajoone francechya havaldarachya (1627 madhye dadapun takalelya) padache punarujjivan karnyacha prastav deela hota. turreney nakar deela. calvinvadi palakanpasun janmalelya aanee protestantla shikshit kelelya tyane 1639 madhye richelyuchya bhachishi lagn karnyas nakar deela hota aanee tyanantar tyane mazarinkadun asach prastav nakarla hota.
1652 madhye, turrene protestant marshal dii laa forcechi mulgi, charlote dii commontshee vivah keela, jichyashi too khoop jawalcha sambandh thevat hota. pann khristi dharmache done shatru chhavanit vibhajan jhalyabaddal tyanni manapasoon khed vyakt keela. tyane nehmich anek asantusht aanee aniyantrit panthanchya prabhavavar avishvas balgala hota; ingraji sainya aanee lokanchya swatantryachya itihasane tyachya manat khol chhap padali aanee jyaa shistabhangachya bhitine ingraji presbyterian rajvatit gele, tyach bhitine roman catholic charchkade adhikadhik aakarshit kele. tyachya aanee tyachya patnimadhil patranvarun heey disun yete qee doghannihi yaa prakaranavaril upalabdh puravyancha kitee barkaine abhyas keela aanee shevati, tichya mrutyunantar done varshanni, bosuetchi vaktrutvashaili aanee tyacha putanya cardinal dii baulanchya munn valavanyane tyala aktoobar 1668 madhye catholic honyasathi patvoon dile.
1667 madhye too 'rajachya chhavanya aanee sainyachya' adhik anukool havamanashi paratala hota, jyane (nammatra lui chaudavyachya netrutvakhali) prasiddha 'sahalitil lashkari dall' nirdeshit kele hote jyamadhye frenchanni spanish netherlandswar kabja keela hota. tyanantar lavkarach, aata rajashi samet jhalelya kondene, februwari 1668 madhye hastantaran yuddh sampanyachya kahee kaal aadhi, franch-kotevar jalad vijay midvat turrenachya yashachi spardha kelee.
dutch yuddh.
lui chaudavyachya 1672chya dutch yuddhat, turren rajachya netrutvakhalil sainyasobat gela, jyane dutch sanyukt prantanvar amsterdamchya praveshdvaraparyant kabja keela. luine narangichya rajkumarala dilelya atinni keval adhik tivra pratikar nirman keela.
dachanni dike ughadale aanee emsterdamchya aaspaschya grameen bhagala puur aala. yaa upayane turreneevar purnapane niyantran thewale, jyala rajane hukum mhanoon sodale hote. yaa ghatanechya batamine europela chithavani dilee aanee sangharsh germanymadhye pasarla. turene madhya gendyavar davpechanche yashasvi yuddh ladhale, tarr condene alses jhakale.
janewari 1673 madhye turrene aakraman kele, germanyt ghusun brandenbergchya mahan matdarala shantata prasthapit karnyas bhag padale; tathapi, tyaa varshachya uttaradhat, prasiddha shahee senapati montekukkoline turrenila purnapane parabhoot keleh montekukkoline tyachya pratispardhyala talhale, duchmadhye sameel jhaale aanee bonchi mahattvachi jaaga ghetali.
juuna 1674 madhye, turrene synzymechi ladhai jinkley, jyamule too paletinetchya matdaranmadhye parangat jhaala. parisachya aadeshanusar frenchanni desh durvar vaya ghalavala aanee turkhemchya pishavisah jhalela haah vidhvans sahasa turreneechya prasiddhivar sarvat gambhir daag manla jaato. sharad rutumadhye frenchvirodhi mitrapakshanni punha pragati kelee aanee jaree tyanni punha turrenila mage takale, taree strasbergchya tatasth shaharachya krutimule shatrula tyaa thikanchya pulavarun gendya olandanyachi parvanagi deuun tyache apayash aale. tyanantar enzymechi ladhai jhaali; haah eka davpechatmak vijay tharala, parantu paristhitivar kvachitach parinam jhaala aanee decemberchya suruvatila mitrapakshahi tyach sthiteet rahile. junya marshalne aata tyachya karkirditil sarvat dhadsi moheem kelee. hivalyachya madhyat, vogeschya eka tokapasoon dusya tokaparyantchya vegwan aanee gupt miravnukine mitrapakshanna aashcharyachakit kele. tyachya pahilya yashanantar, turene shatrula turkmenistanla nele aanee tethe tyancha motha parabhav jhaala (5 janewari 1675). shaharatil rahivashanni dakhavalelya sakriy pratikarancha suud mhanoon, turrene tyachya sainyane tyala lutu dile aanee urvarit loksankhyechi done aathvadyant kattal karoo dilee. kahee aathvadyantach too purnapane barah jhaala hota.
unhali mohimet tyala punha ekada montekukkolicha samna karava lagla aanee donhi senapatinni kelelya 'dhoranatmak buddhibal-chalinchya' sarvoch pradarshananantar, turrene shevati tyachya pratispardhyala salzback yethe gairsoyichya sthiteet yuddh karnyas bhag padale. tethe, 27 julai 1675 roji, tofanchya golyane jhalelya jakhmanmule too lagechach marla gela. thomas dii longuville lihitatah "tyane donada dolhe ughadale aanee nantar tyanni teey kayamche bund kele."tyanchya nidhanachya batamine sarvatrik dukkh nirman jhaale.
varsa.
turenechya sarvat vaktrutvapoorn deshbandhvanni tyanche 'elogase' lihile aanee montekukkoline swatah mhatale, 'ill ist mort aajaurd' hui una homme qee fayaset honnur aii ell 'home' (aaj eka manus melah aahe jyane manushyacha sanman keela). seent denisla nenyat aalele tyache parthiv francechya rajansamvet puranyat aale. 1793 chya krantikarkanchyahi manat tyacha aadar hota aanee tyanni rajanchya mrutdehanna samoohik kabarimadhye punha daphan kele, tevha tyanni 22 september 1800 paryant jardine days plantesmadhye turrenache avashesh jatan kele, jevha nepoliyanne tyanna parris yetheel church auph invalidesmadhye nele, jithe teey ajunahi vishranti ghetat.
nepoliyanne serve sainikanna itihasachya mahan karnadharanpaiki eka mhanoon turreneechya mohima "vachanyachi aanee punha vachanyachi" shifaras kelee, jyamule tyala alekzandar daad gret, hannible, fredrick daad gret, savoycha prince yujeen, gustavus adolphus aanee julius sizarmadhye sthan midale. eka senapati mhanoon tyanchi prasiddhi europemadhil itar konatyahi sainikashi spardha karat hotee, jevha lokanni purvipeksha adhik gambhirpane yuddhacha abhyas keela hota, kaaran tyanchya lashkari charitryane tyanchya kalatil yuddhakaleche (prince dii ligney) prateek hote. dhoranatmak savadhgiri aanee vahtook achookata, lahan ladhayanmadhye chamakdar dhavpal aanee serve paristhitinmadhye satatya-yash kinwa apayash-kadachit yuddhasathichya turanychya pratibheche pramukh bindu mhanoon udayas yetat. tyane mothya ladhaya talhalya. "kahee gherav aanee anek ladhaya" heey tyache swatache vakya mhanoon vaparale. aanee, tyachya pahilya ladhait tyachya shevatchya ladhaipramanech hushar disana tyachya mahan pratispardhi kondechya ulat, turanychi dinanurup sudharana hott gelee. nepoliyanne tyachyabaddal mhatale qee, jasjashi tyachi pratibha mothee hott gelee tastashi tee adhikach dhadsi hott gelee aanee nantarche lekhak duke auph omale ('histoir days prince day laa messon dii konde') yanni jevha lihile tevha tyach drushtikonatun lihileh 'tyala jaanun ghenyasathi, tumhi tyache anusaran salzbackparyant kele pahije. tyachya babatit, pratyek divas kahee pragatiche sanket dett asey.
tyachya vaiyaktik patrat, khoop kaushalyane sampann asalelya eka sadhya aanee sanmananiy sainikachya swabhavapeksha thode adhik, turrene dakhavale; parantu rajkaran aanee buddhichya jagaat too kushal shadayantrakar kinwa kesvistachya hatoon jawaljawal asahayya disat hota. tyachi naitikta, jaree nindechya palikade nasali taree, too jyaa yugat jagala tyaa kalatil prachalit naitikatepeksha kiman adhik kathor hotee. too moolatah niyamit sainyacha senapati mhanoon kaam karat asey. tyane aapale ayushya sainyasobat ghalavale; tyanna tyanche prem kase jinkayache heey tyala maheet hote; tyane durmil udaratene kathor shist palali aanee tyachya manasanni eka senapati mhanoon tyache kautuk karnyapeksha eka sahkari mhanoon tyachyavar qamee prem kele. asha prakare, jaree condechi pratibha adhik ashtapailu disat asali, taree turanychi pratibha 17 vya shatkatil yuddh kaleche sarvottam pratinidhitva karate. chhotya, mahagadya aanee uchch prashikshit niyamit sainyasathi aanee lui chaudavyachya kalatil rajvansh yuddhasathi, turrenne aadarsh lashkari neta mhanoon kaam kele.
french krantidarmyan, lokancha manus mhanoon tyanchi pratishtha, tyanchya thadgyala krantikarkanni nasht naan kelelya kahee kulinanchya kabyanpaiki eka banavali. nepoliyanne tyala sarvat mahan aadhunik senapati mhanoon maan deela. turinchya varr prashansa kelee jaate tevha savoychya yujeenla turinchya kimmativar antahprerana mhanatat. turreney haah morisachya "aadhunik kalatil mahan senapati" yaa karyacha eka vishay aahe. tyanchya matey, turreneechya 'shaktishali pratibhela' aadhunik yuddhala aakar denyat mothe yogdan midale.
kalpanaramya.
erich flint aanee david webber yanni lihilelya anek paryayi itihas kadambyanmadhye francechya marshal turrenache chitran kele aahe. yamadhye '1633' aanee 'yancha samavesh aahe. jee. chya eka aitihasik kadambarimadhyehi turreney disatat.aaa. talvarine jinkale' asey hentila mhatale jaate.
srot.
gunvisheshanah