unification marxistachya partit mahila

marksvadi ektechya kamgar pakshatil mahilanna 1930 chya dashkatil itar samyavadi aanee arajaktavadi mahilanpramanech anek samasyanna samore jaave lagale, jase qee mahilanchya hakkanchya samarthanarth purush netrutvacha dhongipana, tarr tyanche laingikvadi aanee pitrusattak vartan khajgipane chaloo thevane.
spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan, paum mahilanni paum prashasana, paum sainyadal, paum-sanlagn prakashne lihine aanee prakashit karane aanee nagri lokanmadhye shikshak mhanoon kaam karane yasah anek mahattvachya bhoomikanmadhye kaam kele. konatyahi davya sanghatananmadhye mahilanchi sarvat lahan tukadi pommadhye asoonahi, mahilanni sansthechya sainyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. paum hii ekmev sanstha hotee jine keval mahilanna sweekarle navhate tarr tyanna shastrastranche prashikshan dile hote, hii baab adviteey hotee. akheris yaa gatavar bandee ghalanyat aalee aanee 1937 chya meey divasanchya ghatananmadhye anek paum mahilanna turungat taknyat aale kinwa haddapar karnyat aale.
nagri yuddhanantar paumashi sanlagn mahilanna vagalane suruch rahile. nirvasanat asatana, kahee paum mahilanna punha ekada turungat taknyat aale. sampalyanantar mahayuddhachya kalat, american nancy mcdonaldne france aanee jagbharatil itaratra nirvasit spanish pome aanee nirvasitanna madat karnyasathi kaam kele.
dusare spanish prajasattak (1931-1937).
sthapana.
dusare prajasattak 14 april 1931 roji aupcharikpane astitvat aale. tyasah mahilanna matdanachya adhikarasah anek adhikar midale. partido obrero dii unifacion marxista (pomm) chee sthapana september 1935 madhye jhaali. arajaktavadi aanee samyavadi chalvalinmadhil trotskiwadi gatanche pratinidhitva kaam izquierda communista dii espana (burf) aanee bloke obrero vaay campacino (boc) yanchya vilinikaranamule pomm baher aala. tyache netrutva aandrey niin, joaquin morrin aanee juan andrede yanni kele. tyala kataloniyamadhye sarvat motha pathimba midala, jithe bockney aadhich eka mothee samarthan sanstha vikasit kelee hotee. asahmat communist mhanoon, teey lavkarach spainchya communist pakshashi aanee jyanna teey sambhavya pratispardhi mhanoon pahat hote asha see. aine. tii. shhee sangharshat sapadtil. pomchya aat, federlica montseni lavkarach communist stallinwadi dolores ibaruicha arajaktavadi samkaksh banala.
rajkiy upkram.
sampalyanantar prajasattakachya uttaradhat aanee yadavi yuddhachya kalat marxista haah virodhi communist paksh hota. mahilansathichya tyanchya sahbhagamadhye tyanna sameel honyasathi vishisht mahila up-sanghatana tayar karnyacha prayatna karane samavisht hote. teey pramukhyane kataloniyamadhye sakriy hote. sampalyanantar prajasattakachya suruvatichya kalat kamgar-vargatil mahilanna sakshamikaranachi bhavna dene heey paumache eka uddisht hote. heey karnyasathi, mahila sachivalayane vishisht bhagat bhagat mahilanchya dainandin samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi shejarchya mahila samityanche aayojan karnyache tharavale.
barcelonamadhye mahilancha sanskrutik gut mhanoon olakhalya francela paumchya mahila gatanehi barcelonamadhye varg aayojit kele aanee shekado mahila sahbhagi aakarshit kele. varganmadhye swachchata, vinakam, shivankam, pustake vachane, baal kalyan aanee samajvadi pradhanyakram, mahilanche haqq aanee dharmik aanee samajik olakhiche mool yasah vividh vishayanvar charcha karnyavar laksh kendrit kele gele. pomchya mahila sachivalayane barsilonasarkhya shaharanmadhil mahilanna shastrastrancha vapar karnyache prashikshan dekhil dile. apariharya apariharya yuddhasathi mahilanni tayar vhave ashee tyanchi ichcha hotee.
paummadhil mahilanna anekada krantikari aanee davya purushanchya padvyachya dhongipanacha samna karava lagat asey aanee paummadhil purushanna visheshtah sampalyanantar prajasattak aanee yadavi yuddhachya rajkiy aanee sarkari bajoone. ghatasfot, ling-tatasth kapade aanee mahilancha sahbhag yasarkhya sudharananna pathimba detana, yaa purushanna anekada gharee parat patni aanee samoril malkin asate, tarr suut aanee taychya bajoone krantikari kapade dekhil talhayche. 1937 madhye barcelonamadhye meey dejchya shikharavar pohochalelya sarkarmadhil aanee lashkaratil samyavadi shuddhikaranachya aadhi, paumache purush netrutva mahilansathi aaghadiche samarthan karat hote, jaree tyanni mahilanna tyapasoon door thevanyasathi protsahan dile hote. yaa kalat pomche alfredo martinage aanee madridmadhil mujeres libressmadhil netrutva yanchyat yutee karnyababat sampark jhaala. yaa charcha kuthehi gelya naheet.
swis patrakar clara enner, tichya sathidar pavell thalmans, yuddh suru honyachya kahee kaal aadhi, juuna 1936 madhye barcelona yethe pohochali. paumchya samarthanarth teey patrakaritechya upkramanmadhye patkan sameel jhaale. jhaale kalanantar, tyanchyat tyanchyat anek khotya vidhananmule teey tyanchya anubhavambaddal vadgrastapane liheet asat.
spanish gruhyuddha (1936-1939).
paum mahilanni aaghadivar kaam kele, parantu paum prashasana, paum-sanlagn prakashne lihine aanee nagri lokanmadhye shikshak mhanoon kaam karane yasah itar anek mahattvachya bhoomikanmadhye dekhil tyaa guntalelya hotya. madridmadhil paum sadasyanna kadhikadhi barcelonamadhye arajaktavadi varchasvachi bheeti vatat asey. yamule gatamadhye kahee antargat sangharsh nirman jhaale. tyanna gruhyuddhatil krantikari swarupachya aanee dirghkalasathi tyacha arth kaay asel asha samajatil adhik burjuva ghatakanchya bhitila dekhil samore jaave lagale. stallinwadi communistanchya badnamiviruddha madhyamanmadhye paumala pathimba denyachya uddeshane katia landau francemadhun spainmadhye aala. parismadhye prakashit jhaleli 1938 salchi 'leesa stallinis aine espagne' hii pustika yaa sandarbhat tiche sarvat mahattvache yogdan hote. lois orane yuddhachya suruvatichya kalat barcelona yetheel paum mahila sainyat kaam kele. orane pracharasathichya catalan pradeshik sarkari karyalayasathi kaam karnyasathi paum sodale. merrie loow yanni mahilanchya paum sainyache aayojan kele. tine 'spanish kranti' yaa ingraji bhashetil paum vruttapatrache sampadanahi kele. tyanantar lagechach loow kyubala paloon gela. mahila stalinavadyanni barcelonatil paum aanee trotskite shuddhikarananmadhye sakriyapane bhag ghetala. teresa pammies aanee dolores ibarurisarkhya mahilanni pomashi sanlagn asalelya mahilanna jaanunbujun vagalale, jaree tyanni sosah pool bandhanyacha prayatna keela. paumchi yuva sanghatana, juventudes communistas ibericas, asha prakare vegali karnyasathi dekhil pammy jababdar asateel qee tee tichya hatanvar rakt sodel. teresa pamiescha paumacha bahishkar ullekhaneey aahe kaaran tiche chulat bhau yaa sansthecha bhag hote aanee tee tyanna facistvirodhi manaychi. ibaruri paum nasht karnyasathi nighala. juuna 1937 madhye, franco shasson aanee prajasattak bhaganvar niyantran asalelya communistanni donhine paum bekaydeshir ghoshit kele, jyamule gut visarjit jhaala.
ladhatimadhye mahila.
prajasattak aaghaditil serve rajkiy gatanpaiki, samyavadi aanee arajaktavadi stambhanni sarvadhik mahilanna aakarshit kele. paumane mahila ladhvayyanna aakarshit kele, parantu qamee sankhyene. partido socialista obrero espenol (pii. ess. oo. eae.) haah davikadil ekmev pramukh abhinetyanpaiki eka hota jyane mahilancha ladhait bhag ghenyachi kalpana nakarli kaaran tee tyanchyasathi khoop kattarpanthi hotee. mahilanni gharat nayak mhanoon kaam kele pahije, aanee nagri lokanna aaghadichya ranget mage rahoon pathimba deela pahije, asey tyanche mutt hote. sochya jyaa mahila sadasyanni ladhanyacha marg shodhala tyanni samyavadi, arajaktavadi aanee samajvadi tarunanmadhye sameel houn paumasarkhya stambhanche aayojan kele.
aaghadichya bhoomiket kaam kaam bahutansh mahilanchi padey samyavadi, arajaktavadi kinwa paum netrutvadvare paribhashit kelee gelee hotee, samanyatah mahilanna ladhanyachya babatit samaan bhoomika dilee jaat asey aanee samaan lashkari yogdan dile jaat asey. ladhait asalelya mahila jyaa batalianshi sanlagn hotya, tyaa bataliyanchya rajkiy sanlagnatechya aadhare ladhaicha anubhav lakshaniyaritya vegala navhata.
paumala suruvatila aavashyakatenusar sahayyak bhoomikanmadhye sahbhagi honyasathi ladhatimadhye purush aanee striya doghanchihi aavashyakta hotee. mahila khandakanmadhye hotya aanee paharekari mhanoon ubhya hotya. sargento wazquays bataliyanche capton fernando savedra mhanale qee yaa striya purushanpramanech ladhalya. pomcha eka stambh hota jyamadhye mallorca mohimetil 'miliciana' chaa samavesh hota. mahilancha sweekar karnari aanee tyanna shastrastranche prashikshan denari paum hii ekmev sanstha hotee. itar sainyadalatil mahilanchya shastrastra prashikshanachya kamtaratecha vapar nantar tyanna aaghaditun hatavanyacha prayatna karnyasathi eka kaaran mhanoon keela jaeel, jaree tyaa sainyadalanna dekhil shastrastra prashikshanasah tyanchya purush bharati siddha karnyat apayash aale.
argentinat janmalela aantarrashtriy arajaktavadi mika echebehair yane yadavi yuddhadarmyan paum miliciamadhye kaam kele. eka swa-varnanit trotskeevadak, echebehair yuddh suru honyachya kahee divas aadhi parisahoon madridla gela, tabadtob nondani kelee aanee nantar madridjavalil samore hippolito echeber stambhacha bhag mhanoon tainat keela gela. septemberparyant, ticha swatacha senapati yuddhat haralyanantar echebehair eka senapati banala hota. meeka feldman dii echebehar cathedralmadhil lokanpaiki eka hota. paloon gelelya, vachalelya lokanpaiki tee sumare eka trutiyansh lokanpaiki eka hotee. siguenzachya vedhyadarmyanchya tichya shauryane teela paumchya lenin bataliyanchya sampalyanantar companychya capton mhanoon badhati midali. barcelonatil vedhyatoon savarlyanantar teela moncloala jaanyache aadesh denyat aale, jithe tee eka vishesh shock troop brigedchi prabhari hotee. simevarun aanee francemadhye lapoon basnyapurvi, tyachya samaptinantar anek mahine spainmadhye lapoon rahilelya echebehearne yadavi yuddhatoon bachav keela.
march 1937 madhye vedha ghalatana madridmadhil paum "milicianas" laa communist-sanghatit laa pasnaria stambhane shastre uchalanyas manai kelee hotee. tyaeivaji yaa mahilanna madridchya aaghadivar kaam kaam purushansathi swayampak karane aanee kapade dhune aavashyak hote.
march 1937 madhye mahilanna aaghadi sodanyas sangitalyanantar, suk aanee paummadhil strivadyanni tyancha sandesh badaloon pratisad deela, ektar mahilanna gharguti aaghadivar tainat karave kinwa yuddhakalat purushanpeksha mahilanchi bhoomika vegali asavi asey suchavale.
suchavale meey divas.
mechya divasanparyantchya ghatananchya aadhi, soviet unionshi sanlagn asalelya communistanni mothya pramanat bandaranvar niyantran midavale hote, jithe deshbharat vitaranasathi yenare bahutek sahayyak sahitya aanee madat madat soviet unionkadoon hotee. teey lavkarach eka vastavik police dall banale aanee aadhich arajaktavadi lokanna kamkuvat karnyasathi kaam karat hote. 1 meey 1937 roji hajaro sashastr arajaktavadi rastyavar utarale aanee tyanna nihshastra karnyache aavhan sarkar aanee polisanna dile. 3 meey roji durdhvanichya imaratisamor ughad sangharsh suru jhaala. 4 meey roji, shaharatil pramukh rastyanvaril sthananmadhye machinegan disalyane shahar purnapane kaam thambale hote. 8 meey roji mothya ladhaichya samaptiparyant, 1,000 hoon adhik lock maran pavale hote aanee aanakhi 1,500 jakhami jhaale hote. 16 juuna 1937 roji jevha andres niin aanee paum karyakari yanna atak karnyat aalee tevha paum netrutvane heey serve dukkhad valan ghetalyache pahile. sampalyanantar divashi, hotelchya bajavar paradeshi pome sadasya aanee samarthakanna samuhikpane atak karnyat aalee aanee turungat nenyat aale. akheris, gatatil anek paradeshi lokanchi sutka karnyat aalee, kahee pramanat patrakar george nationally yanche aabhar. nationalne tyanchya turungvasachi mahitee dilee, american vanijya dutavasane kasik aanee orchi sutka karnyasathi kaam kele.
meey dechya karyakramanmadhye paumashi sambandhit anek mahilancha samavesh hota. nurse teresa ribul tyapaiki eka hotee. tichya sahbhagamule shiksha jhaali, jeey nantar tine spainmadhun paloon jaanyachya karanacha eka bhag hote. lois or barcelona meey dejmadhyehi sahbhagi hota. meey dechya karyakramanmadhye lois cusic adakala hota. kasik aanee tichya sathidaranchya avinguda republic dii 'argentine 2 yetheel nivassthani chhapa taknyat aala aanee katiya landausarkhya parisaratil itar paum paradeshi lokansah yaa jodila atak karnyat aalee. guardias dii asalto' shhee sambandhit asalelya eka russian aanee teen sadhya kapadyanchya polisanni haah chhapa takala. ratra hott asatana, tyanna barcelonachya kalya padalelya rastyanmadhun portal dii laal 'angel, 24 paryant nele gele. akheris patrakar george nationallychya krutimule tyanchi kahee pramanat sutka karnyat aalee. amerikeche vanijyadut mahlon perkins yanchya madatine, nationalchya karavasachi mahitee dett, or, kasik aanee landau yancha samavesh asalelya tichya gatala 1 julai roji sodanyat aale. done divasannantar, teey francela francela jahajavarun spenhoon nighale.
francoist spain (1938-1973).
yuddhanantarchya kalat, 1938 madhye americetil vassar mahavidhyalayat dusari jaagtik yuva shantata parishad aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. spainchya bahutek davya gatanche pratinidhitva kele jaat asatana, mechya divasatil ghatananmadhye stallinwadi communistanni tyanna vegale karoon nasht karnyachya prayatnannantar paumala jaanunbujun vagalanyat aale hote.
sampalyanantar mahayuddhadarmyan francemadhye communist aanee arajaktavadi lokancha satatcha avishvas aanee sakriy chhal yamule anek mahilanna mahilanna turungat taknyat aale hote. tyanchi pahili turungvasachi shiksha anekada spanish turungat hotee, jyanna ektar rashtravadi shaktinni kinwa communistanni turungat takale hote. yadavi yuddh sampalyanantar, sampalyanantar mahayuddhadarmyan, american nancy mcdonaldne france aanee jagbharatil itaratra nirvasit spanish pome aanee nirvasitanna madat karnyasathi kaam kele. tine spanish nirvasit madat sanstha tayar kelee, jee majee paum sadasyanna madat karnyasathi stalinvadvirodhi gatanshi samanvay sadhanyasathi eka mothee chhatra sanstha mhanoon kaam karat hotee.
yuddhachya uttaradhat aanee tyachya shevati, pomm yetheel kahee mahilanna mosco nyayalayin kholyanmadhye khotee kabulijbab denyas bhag padale gele aanee nantar tyanna soviet turungat pathvanyat aale. tyancha pramukh gunha trotskietes haah hota. 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashakatach paum aanee trotskite shuddhikaranat sahbhagi asalelya kahee mahilanni tyanchyamadhil tyanchya bhoomikeche punarmulyankan karnyas suruvat kelee; davya vartulanmadhye stallinwadi samyavadane aapali pratishtha gamavlyanantarach tyanche hriday badalale.

