
paloma (puratatviy sthal)

paloma heey perumadhil eka puratatviy sthal aahe, jeey limachya dakshines 65 kiimii antaravar chilka jilhyatil, canette prantat aahe. redio carbon dettingwar aadharit, heey andaje ii. sha. puu. 5700 teey 2800 darmyanche eka gaav hote. heey usheera jhalelya preceremic IV aanee preceremic v kalavadhishi sambandhit aahe. heey americetil sarvat suruvatichya gavanpaiki eka aahe, jyachi tarikh puratatvashastradnya starbaddhapane tharvu shakale aahet. heey chilka nadichya khonyachya uttar kathavar aahe, jeey mukhya khoyala quebrada dii losses perdidos navachya koradya khonyapasoon vegale karananya tekadyanmadhye aahe. rahivasi chilka nadipasoon (7-8 qii. mea. dakshines) aanee prashant kinarpattipasun, paschimes 3-4 qii. mea. antaravar, "chalanyachya sopya antaravar" asateel. heey thikan uttar aanee dakshinela kinarpattichya tekadyanni vedhalele aahe. paloma haah lomachya kathavar aahe-jyaa bhagat dhukyamule aadrata vanaspati anyatha shushk pradeshat vadhu dete. tathapi, pracheen vasahatila godya panyachi upalabdhata kashee midali heey spasht nahee. anek shakyata aaheth pratham, rahivashanni panyachya talashi vihiri khodalya asatya. dusare mhanje, gavachya poorves sumare paach minitanchya antaravar asalelya eka zarnyane paanee puravale asave (teey bahudha adhunmadhun yete aanee juuna 1976 madhye puratatvashastradnyanni nondavale hote parantu nantar navhate). shevati, dhukyatoon olava pakadanyasathi valuchya reshet asalelya khaddyancha vapar keela gela asava.
vihangavalokan.
yaa thikani nalanchya zopadyanche daphan avashesh aahet. chiraleli pandhari kavach 15 hector kshetravar jameen jhakate, jyamule tee jaaga sahajpane olakhata yete. sarvat daat sathe tyaa jagechya paschim tokajavalil eka chhotya darichya kathavar aadhaltat-haah parisar palomachya astitvachya kiman kahee bhagasathi kachara taknara bhag mhanoon kaam karat asalyache disate. khadyapadarthanche avashesh aanee tutalelya kalakruti yethe ghanatene jamaa jhalya aahet.
middonchi jaadi sampoorn thikani badalate. prushthbhagavar sumare eka dozen sandrata aahe, jee ghare aanee dafanbhumichya samoohanna kinchit aachchhadit karate. dusarikade, prushthbhagakhalil sandrata sampoorn thikani tulanene nirantar asate. sarvat mothya sandratela 'unit 1' mhanatat, jeey 6500 chauras meater kshetravar pasarate aanee kahee centimeter teey sumare eka meater kholiparyant asate. ekak 1 varpasoon khalparyant 7 mukhya staranmadhye vibhagalela aaheh
heey thurr bahudha sampoorn thikani upasthit asatat, keval unit 1 madhye nahee. teey aniyantrit asatat aanee konatyahi nishchit bindupasoon mojale jaat naheet aanee teey serve nehmich upasthit nasatat-udaharanarth, unit 1 chya purv bajuchya kahee bhagat, patali 500 chey sathe thet prushthbhagachya khalee aadhaltat. unit 1 madhye, pramukh star 200,300,400 aanee 500 aahet; yaa chaar staranmadhye bahutek ghare, dafanbhoomi aanee kalakruti dekhil aahet.
kalkram.
heey thikan sadhyachya 6500 redio carbon varshanpurviche aahe. hii sumare laurentidechya barfachya patalichi antim adhogati aanee jagbharatil samudrachya patalit sadhyachya pataliparyant vaadh honyachya velesarkhich vel aahe. jawalpasachya kinarpattichya bhagat purvichya vasahati hotya jyaa yaa velee samudraspatichya vadhatya vadhis lagoon budalelya hotya.
madhya aanee ushirachya preceremic kalkhandat palomachi loksankhya vadhali. yache kaaran ektar praudhatvaparyant adhik mule tikoon hotee, anek sthanik loksankhya ekach vasahatit ekatra yet hotee kinwa donhi. palomachya rahivashanche aarogya aanee ayurman dekhil kalantarane sudharalyache disate-nantarchya dafanbhumitil sangadyanche avashesh tanavachi qamee chinhe darshavtat aanee tyat tarun lokanche praman qamee asate.
tyach velee, dhukyane panavalelya lomanchya haloohaloo atiaayogamule vanaspati sansadhane aanee jaal utpadanat ghat jhaali. sthanik nirvah arthvyavastha visheshtah bund karnyachya shevatchya tappyat sagari sansadhananvar adhikadhik kendrit jhaali.
palomamadhil manvi bhautik avasheshanchya vishleshanachya aadhare, 200 aanee 300 chya patalidarmyan eka vegala naveen gut yaa thikani aala.
jagbharatil ishtatam hawaman ii. sha. puu. 3000 chya sumaras sampale. dakshin americet paristhiti adhik koradi aanee adhik anpekshit jhaali.
vyavasayachya antim kalat, paloma yetheel vadhicha darr qamee hott hota, tarr yaa pradeshachi ekoon loksankhya vadhat hotee. palomache rahivasi akheris jawalchya chilka nadichya khonyat sthalantarit jhaale.
paloma yetheel vasahat ii. sha. puu. 2500 chya sumaras sampali asavi. tathapi, tevhapasoon kadachit heey thikan adhunmadhun vyapalele aahe. 1979 madhye kahee prakarchya kutryansah dadalele sapadalele makyache anek qaan redio carbon dettingnusar 1,830 varshe vayache asalyacha andaj aahe-mhanje.eae. sumare ii. sha. 150.
sanrachana.
ghare.
zopadya vartulanpasun teey andakar teey chaturbhuj aakarachya hotya. majale sahasa madhyabhagi utarlele asat aanee teey 25 teey 60 centimeter khalee khodale jaat asat jenekarun majala jaminichya khalee asel. zopadisathi moolbhut aadhar vilo aanee bend ("ginerium sagittatam") khambanchya chaukatidware pradan keela jaat asey, jeey kadhikadhi atirikt takdisathi done kinwa charchya gatanmadhye nalanchya sutaline ekatra bandhale jaat asat. anekada, atirikt aadharasathi khambanchya payathyanvar dagad bandhale jaat asat. khambanna samantar cross polsdware aanakhi aadhar deela gela asava, jyamule greed kinwa jaalichi rachana tayar jhaali asavi. tyanantar gavat, shage kinwa nalyanche sail guchch khambanmadhye bharoon insulation dile jaat asey. heey bahudha, jaree purnapane nishchit nasale taree, atirikt insulation pradan karnyasathi mothya nalyachya chataya nantar varr fekalya gelya. dusarikade, farsha nishchitpane tyanni jhakalelya hotya-kahee chataya asha aadhalalya aahet.
chhapparcha aakar purnapane nishchit nahee. suruvatila, puratatvashastradnyan asey gruheet dharale qee zopadya jawalchya chilka-1chya jagetlya ghumatanchya aakarachya hotya, parantu changlya prakare sanrakshit 101 vya gharat jaalikamacha eka bhag jaminivar padala hota, jyamule engalane assa prastav mandala qee teey moolatah eka sapat, golakar aadhar asalelya zopadichya varr chauras chhappar hote.
anek zopadyanmadhye eka atirikt bahya bhint asate jee nehmi gharachya nairutya bajula, eka kamanimadhye pasarleli asate. heey bahudha thund hivalyatil vanyanpasoon gharala surakshit thevanyas madat karnyasathi windbreak mhanoon kaam karat hote-aaj prachalit asalele vaare nairutya dishela yetat aanee teey kadachit pracheen kalatahi hote. yaa bahya bhintinni vedhalela bhag sathavan kshetra mhanoon dekhil vaparla gela asava.
palomamadhil ghare sarasari 10.9 chauras meater hotee-jee kadachit lahan vatoo shakate, parantu palomatil rahivashanni tyancha bahutansh vel gharabaher ghalavala asel, tyamule tyanna mothya gharanchi garaj bhasali nasati. yavyatirikt, ekatra zopalyane hivalyatil thund ratri adhik ubdar rahnyas madat jhaali asatee. aajahi, yaa pradeshatil sarvat moolbhut zopadya bahudha sumare 10 chauras meterchya aahet.
daphan.
palomamadhil mahitichya sarvat mahattvachya strotanpaiki eka mhanje asankhya dafanvidhi-teey keval palomansani tyanche mrut kase purale heey ughad karat naheet, tarr bhautik avashesh aarogya aanee mrutyudaravar dekhil srot pradan karatat. tyapaiki bahutekanna gharachya majlyakhali kinwa gharabaher eka tarr nalanchya chataimadhye gundallele puranyat aale hote. maatee aanee matine sangadyanche jatan changlya sthiteet kele. jaree mubalak pramanat nasale taree, jyaa thikani aavarane tyanna vighatit honyapasoon vachavat asat, tyaa thikani tvacha aanee snayunche thode praman dekhil jatan kele gele hote. kahee prakarananmadhye cases, mendu aanee antargat avyav dekhil aadhalale hote, parantu bahutek prakarananmadhye antargat avayavancha ekmev thasa matitil dagansarkha hota. sharirachya mauu avayavancha sapeksh abhav jaminikhalil panyachya galatidvare spasht keela jaau shakato, joou tulanene olsar lomasmadhye hoto-adhik changlya prakare sanrakshit kelele daphan korade thikani aadhaltat. sarvasadharanpane, khol dafanbhoomi adhik changlya prakare jatan kelya gelya kaaran tulanene qamee dhukyacha aadrata itakya durparyant khalee vahat asey.
jawaljawal serve paloman dafanvidhi pahilyandach daphan karnyat aalyache disate, fakt kahee kirkol prakarananmadhye tyanna nantar tras jhaala. bahutek dafanvidhi gharachya majlyavaril gavatane koralelya khadde asalelya vishisht khandakanmadhye karnyat aale. ashee kahee prakarane dekhil aahet jyat balanna sodoon dilelya sathavan khaddyanmadhye puranyat aale hote. palomachya vyavasayachya nantarchya bhagakade, patali 200, daphan karnyacha aanakhi eka paryay dekhil disalah dafanbindu khodanyaivaji, mrutanna fakt jaminivar thewale gele aanee nantar ghar uddhvast jhaale. (ashach prakarchi pratha chilka I madhye dekhil nondavali gelee aahe, jee sumare tyach velee ghadali hotee.)
sahasa, gudghe chhatichya dishene ghatt karoon mrutanna ubhe kele jaat asey. haat anekada chehnyavar kinwa nitambanvar thewale jaat asat. tutaleli hadey aanee haat aanee payanna jhalelya jakhama heey soochit karatat qee mrutyunantar mrutdeh jabardastine asha prakare thewale gele asavet. benfer aanee edward yanni suchavale qee daphan karnyapurvi mrutdeh meethane jhakalele asavet. kahee kabarinmadhye coproliteschi upasthiti soochit karate qee mrutyunantar lagechach daphan kele gele asave.
palomamadhye daphan karnyat yenanya balkanche praman tulanene jaast asate. benferchya matey, yache kaaran mhanje palomamadhye dafanbhumiche tulanene changle jatan karane mhanje tulanene sampoorn namuna upalabdh aahe aanee tyamule arbhakanchya dafanbhumiche praman achookpane darshavile jaate.
palomamadhye gambhir vastoo tulanene durmil aahet. kabarinmadhye aadhalanaya sarvat samanya vastoo mhanje dagine aanee kapade. mrutanna kabarimadhye thevalyanantar, agni-gayit daphan aavaranancha samavesh asalela eka vidhee samarambh jhaala asava, jeey soochit karate qee aagitoon garam bhattiche dagad kadhoon bandalchya varr thewale gele hote. ekada kabar matine jhakali gelee qee, lokanni kadhikadhi tyavar aag lavali asel. kadhikadhi kabarinvar samudrakinanyavaril gulgulit dagad hote.
itar.
palomamadhye, samanyatah zopadyanchya baher, 10 centimeter khol aanee 20 centimeter rund asha lahan aanee sumare eka meater khol aanee rund asha mothya kholya, kiman 500 goal sathavan khadde khodanyat aale. kahee mothya gavatanni rangoli lavalelya hotya, kadachit jenekarun tyanchi samagri ghanchya samparkat yenar nahee-heey ann sathavanyasathi vaparale gele asavet, parantu heey aspasht aahe. puratatvashastradnyan jevha teey disale tevha bahutek khadde rikame hote, jeey soochit karate qee teey keval alpakalin sathavanukisathi vaparale gele asavet. paloma yethe khodanyat aalelya sathavan khadde hii nivval sankhya soochit karate qee vasahatichya udarnirvah arthvyavasthet sathavanukichi mahattvachi bhoomika hotee. dafanbhumichya shejari kahee lahan khadde dekhil kabari arpan karnyasathi vaparale jaat asat.
zopadya aanee baherchya thikanihi aagiche avashesh sapadale aahet. zopadyanchya aat, rakh aanee karbanikrut fandya jaminivar aadhalalya hotya aanee thund dhukyachya hivalyat ubdarta denyasathi tyaa jaalalya gelya asavyat. baher, jalalelya kondyanni jhakalele mothe andakar aakarache odhe kadachit svayampakasathiche kshetra mhanoon kaam karayache.
pashchimekadil kachyacha kachara vegvegalya velee ann tayar karnyasathi aanee itar upkramansathi dekhil vaparla gela asava. parisaratil khalchya tharanmadhye dafanbhoomi aanee gharacha kahee bhag (ghar 102) asane heey soochit karate qee nantar tyacha vapar keval kachara taknyasathi keela gela.
mukhya maidani bandhkamachya ishanyes, kahee anshatah jaminikhalil dagadi rachana aahet jyancha mool uddesh adnyat aahe. tyanchyapaiki ekachya khalee sutee kapad hote aanee redio carbon 2170 teey 1960 ii. sha. puu. darmyancha hota, joou purv-syremic kalatil hota.
yaa sanrachananchya dakshines aanee bhuyaranchya poorves, jaminivar 36 budalele bhukhand aahet, pratyeki sumare 2 chauras meater. hyancha purnapane abhyas keela gelela nahee, tyamule tyancha achook uddesh adnyat aahe, parantu tulanene uchch panyachya patalicha fayda ghet teey budalele baganche bhukhand asoo shakatat. ashach prakarche budalele baganche bhukhand perumadhye itaratrahi olakhale jaatat. matra, yetheel bhukhand ii. sha. puu. 2500 nantar, paloma sodoon gelyanantar tayar kele gele asavet.
vasahaticha aakar aanee mandani.
gaav asatana palomacha ekoon aakar adnyat aahe. 1976 madhye unit 1 madheel utkhananat 10 takke kshetramadhye 42 ghare sapadali, jee ekoon 420 ghare darshavel, parantu jeffrey quilternusar tee khoop jaast disate. robbert benferchya matey, paloma hii kadachit tyachya uchchrayichya kalat madhya peruvian kinarpattivaril sarvat mothee vasahat hotee. tyanchya andajanusar, 300chya patalidarmyan sumare 450 lokanchi sarvadhik loksankhya hotee, jithe sanrakshit kelelya gavatachya vipulatevar aadharit hawaman bahudha sarvat ardra hote. aadhichya kalat, patali 400 darmyanchya 6500-5300 bii. pii. pasoon, tech andaj palomachi loksankhya sumare 60 deil. patali 200, vyavasayachya antim kalavadhit, sumare 200 lock asateel.
pratyaksh mandanichya babatit, gavane konatyahi vastavik namunyache anusaran kelyache disat nahee. samanya plaza suchavananya mothya jaaga sapadalelya naheet. tathapi, sarvasadharanpane asey disate qee naveen sanrachana "junya vastunmadhye kadhihi ghuskhori karat naheet"-ekada sodoon dilyavar, tyaa sanrachananmadhye vyatyay aala nahee. palomamadhil avashesh itake changle qaa jatan kele gele yacha haah eka motha bhag aahe. johnn greerne asehi suchavale qee gaav unit 1 chya madhyabhagi suru jhaale aanee nantar kalantarane baherchya dishene vadhale.
loksankhya.
aarogya.
jaganyachya vakratevar aadharit, sumare 42 takke palomans balpanatach maran pavale. mrutyuche sarvadhik praman 1 teey 4 vayogatatil hote.
maadee arbhakanchya dafanvidhiche praman jaast aahe, jeey kalantarane vadhat aahe. aaa-arbhakanmadhye, mahilanitakech 150% purush aahet. yamule bemferne assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee palomans maadee shishuhatyecha sarav karat asat. upalabdh sansadhananchya upalabdh kamataratechya pratisadat loksankhya niyantranache sadhan mhanoon heey kele gele asave.
ekada balpan jagalyavar, palman sumare 25 teey 30 varshe jaganyachi apeksha karoo shakato. 50chya dashkatil lokanche mojkech sangade dekhil sapadale. asamanyapane, palomamadhil praudh mahilancha sarvadhik mrutyudar tyanchya 30 chya dashakat hota-bahutek purv-audhyogik samajanmadhye, prasutidarmyanchya mrutyunantar 20 chya dashakat mahilancha mrutyudar shikharavar hota. heey soochit karoo shakate qee palomans vilambit janm ghetat, joou loksankhya niyantranacha eka byanpaiki samanya marg aahe.
sarvasadharanpane asey disate qee palomache lock kalantarane nirogi aanee adhik changlya prakare julavun ghetale. nantarchya sangadyanmadhye vadhichya qamee rokhe asatat, jeey kuposhanashi sambandhit vadhichya adthalyanche kalavadhi darshavtat. tathapi, paloma yetheel vyaparachya shevatchya tappyat yaa resha kinchit vadhatat, jeey tyaa kalat vadhalela taana darshavtat. raktakshayachi varanvarta dekhil kalantarane qamee hote, jeey nantarchya masik palimadhye qamee tanav darshavate. tathapi, vadhichya atakechya reshanchya ulat, vyavasayachya antim tappyat raktakshay vadhala nahee-kharey tarr, shoonya praudhanna alikadil dafananmadhye raktakshayamule sakriy jakhama hotya.
anek sangadyanni dakhavun dile qee tyanna kshayrog aanee karkarog yasarkhya aajaranni grassley hote. payanchi hadey futane dekhil samanya hote.
donhi ling aanee serve vayogatatil palomansana pathichya khalchya bhagat, visheshtah austeoarthraitischa tras hota. yache kaaran kadachit asey qee tyanni sakriy aanee sharirik curr aakarnare jeevan jagale, jyat samudrakinanyapasun gavee judd molsk vahoon nene kinwa eka thikanahun dusya thikani upkarane vahoon nene yasarkhya anek katheen kamancha samavesh hota.
palomamadhye sapadalelya aath sangadyanmadhye surfercha qaan hota-thund panyachya dirghkal samparkat rahilyane aateel kanat hadanche spurse hote. serve aathahi purush asalyamule, heey soochit karoo shakate qee masemari bahutekda palomamadhye purushandware kelee jaat asey; tathapi, lahan namunyachya aakaramule samanyikaran karane ashakya hote. yaa visangatiche spashtikaran eka siddhantadvare dekhil kele jaau shakate qee purushanpeksha striyanna surfercha qaan vikasit honyachi shakyata qamee asate.
kalantarane palomamadhye laingik dvirupata qamee jhaali, kaaran striya unch aanee adhik snayuyukt hott gelya. heey kriyakalapatil farkamule asoo shakate, jyamadhye purush aanee striya doghehi maase aanee kavach gola karnyat bhag ghetat-jyasathi laingik-visheshikrut kelelya purvichya charyachya kriyakalapanpeksha sharirachya varchya bhagachi adhik takad aavashyak asate. heey naisargik nivadimule dekhil asoo shakate-unch, adhik snayuyukt striya jaganyasathi aanee adhik mule honyasathi adhik changlya prakare julavun ghetalya gelya asavyat. shevati, yaa badalamage laingik nivad dekhil asoo shakate.
palomamadhil lokanmadhye keval teenach gambhir jakhama hotya-serve 300chya staravar, jyat gavat aanee karbodakanche sarvadhik purave hote. qamee darr haah purv-krishi loksankhyecha vaishishtyapurn aahe. dantvaidhyak hypoplasia haah datanvar byanpaiki samanya hota.
kalantarane datanchi ghasaghis qamee jhaali, jeey aaharatil qamee gharshak padarth aanee kadachit qamee kandyukt vanaspatinchya dishene badal darshavate.
palomamadhye parjivi durmil asalyache disun yete aanee parjivi undy aadhalaleli naheet. palomamadhye shauchalay kshetra asane heey soochit karate qee swachchata tulanene changli asoo shakate.
arthvyavastha.
sarvasadharanpane, palomamadhil jeevan "sope kinwa hatash navhate" aanee palomansani "purv-audhyogik gatasathi baryapaiki changle kaam kele aahe" asey disate. samudrakinari asalelya sagari khadyapadarthanni prathinancha samruddha srot pradan keela, tarr lomasmadhil (tasech jawalchya chilka nadichya khoyatil) vanaspati ann aanee audhyogik sahitya pradan karat asat. kayamswarupi vasahat karnyasathi upalabdh sansadhane pureshi hotee aanee kiman kahee tappyanmadhye, paloma varshbhar vyapalela asalyache disate. itar velee, matra, vyavasay keval hangami hota, jyat bhatkya lock rahat asat, jeey bases campchya ferya firvat firayache.
adhunmadhun ell ninonmule havamanat honara vyatyay rahivashanchya aarogyavar lakshaniy nakaratmak parinam karat asalyache disat nahee-vadhichya atakechya resheche namune eka mothya dushkalapeksha tulanene qamee, varanvar honanya tanavache kalavadhi darshavtat. ann sathavan, snrakshak mhanoon jawalchya laas salinasmadhil mithacha vapar kelyane, ell ninochya konatyahi parinamanchi bharpai karnyas madat jhaali.
nirvah upkram.
palmonscha aahar haah samudraharavar, pramukhyane maase aanee kavachyukt mashansah adhunmadhun disanara samudri sinh aanee lomaschya vanaspatinvar aadharit hota. haah aahar prathinanni samruddha hota aanee sagari mansala sagari shaiwal purak hote asey gruheet dharale tarr (jeey bahudha tase hote), teey kadachit atyant paushtik hote. kalantarane, sagari sansadhananchya kapanivar bharr vadhat gela aanee utpadit annache praman vadhale aahe asey disate, kaaran teey purvipeksha adhik changlya aarogyasah mothya loksankhyela aadhar denyas saksham hote.
sagari prushthavanshiy prani, pramukhyane maase, palomamadhil jaivbharamadhye 71 takke bhag ghetat, tarr sagari aksheruki 20 takke bhag banavtat. tathapi, heey kadachit palam aaharatil shelfishche ekoon mahatva qamee darshavate kaaran tyapaiki bahutek lock gavaparyant judd bhaar vahoon nenyaeivaji panyachya kathavar khalle gele asavet. palomamadhye sapadalele kavchatil maase heey avashesh bahudha alpakalin sathavanukisathi tethe aanale gele hoteh kavchatil maase sagari shaivalat gundaloon kinwa khaddyanmadhye sathavun thevun, teey anek divas taje thewale jaau shakatat.
palomamadhye aadhalanaya mothya mashanmadhye cabrilla (paralabrex), hemulon, paralonturus aanee sayna deliciosa yancha samavesh hoto. chhotya mashanmadhye ancovies aanee herringcha samavesh hota. yapaiki anek maase khol panyachya prajati aahet, tyamule palomansmadhye samudraparyatan karanyachi changli kshamata asavi. tathapi, paloma yethe kinwa sarvasadharanpane purv-peruvian sthalansathi konatyahi boaty aadhalalya naheet; tyaa kadachit tyaa thikani khechanyaivaji panyachya kathavar sodoon gelya hotya.
mashansathi ann prakriya kiman hotee. lahan mashansathi, tyanche doke kadhoon takane heey tyanna sathavanukisathi tayar karnyasathi aavashyak aahe. mithacha vapar snrakshak mhanoon nishchitpane keela jaat asey. chilka aanee maalaa nadichya khoyatil laas salinasmadhil jawalchya khaninni kadachit mithacha puravatha keela asava. dakshin americetil eka samanya ann, phisha pest, atyant paushtik aahe aanee sathavan khaddyanmadhye changle thewale gele asate, parantu puratatvashastradnyan palomamadhye teey nishchitpane olakhanyat adchan aalee aahe. asey paushtik ann kadachit pracheen rahivashansathi itake maulyavan hote qee teey vaya jaau shakat navhate. palomamadhye talalelya mashanchya bhojanache mahatva vadgrast aahe-robbert benferne dawa keela qee teey "qamee bakshisasah shrampradhan" hote aanee asey mhanatat qee purvichya vidvananni tyache mahatva atirekeepane sangitale. benferne lihile qee tyaa thikani kahee maase sapadale hote, parantu farse kahee navhate; darmyan, jeffrey quilterne lihile qee kathit maase jevan bahutek pratyakshat jivashmayukt puu hote.
palomamadhye aadhalanaya kavach mashanmadhye shimpadanchya anek prajati (perumitilus purpuratas, semimitilus algosus, choromytilus corus) aanee clam (protothaka thaka, mesodesma donassium) yancha samavesh hoto. pahile clam 300 chya staravar disatat, tarr tyaa velee masselchehi mahatva vadhate. shimplay samanyatah khadkal kinanyanvarr aadhaltat, tarr clam bahutek valukamay samudrakinanvar aadhaltat. parinami, asey disate qee palomansani kalantarane tyanchya shoshanachi vyapti vadhavali-yaa thikanchya sarvat jawalchya kinanya khadkal kinanya aahet jyaa shise gola karnyasathi aadarsh aahet, tarr khadoo gola karnyasathi valukamay kinare door door aahet-shimplay gola karnyasathi sarvat jawalchi mothee kshetre vayvyes 6 kiimii, sann bartolo yethe kinwa dakshines chilka nadichya mukhajaval aahet.
dakshin americetil sarvat junie dnyat paliv vanaspati, lagvadikhalil kolambi, palomamadhye tulanene samanya aahet. yethe, teey kadachit aaharatil mukhya ghatak mhanoon qamee aanee floats aanee containersarkhya bigger-khadyapadarthansathi adhik vaparale jaat hote. bhopalyache kahee tukade sapadale jyat kathajaval chhidre hotee aanee tyadvare patal dorr jaat hote, jeey kadachit tyanna taranvar latkavanyasathi hote. bharpur chhidre asalela eka bhopalyacha tukada chalani kinwa kolandar mhanoon vaparla gela asava. 
eka lomas vanaspati, 'begonia geranifolia' navacha begonia, palomamadhye paliv banavanyachya prakriyet asava. yaa vanaspatimadhye batatyasarkhech mothe khadya kand aahet, jeey kahee bhagat tyaa thikani aadhalanare sarvat samanya vanaspati avashesh hote. teey kadachit purnapane gharguti kele gele nasel, parantu kadachit kiman vyavasthapit kinwa protsahit kele gele asave. yaa vanaspatichya vaparasathi konatahi aadhunik, aitihasik kinwa vanshik purava nahee.
mito (carica candicans), algarobo (prosopis) aanee cactus 'loxanthocerius' chee fale dekhil khalle jaat hotee.
vyapar.
palomamadhye sapadalelya kahee vastoo sthanik patalivar aadhalat naheet, jeey soochit karatat qee yethe rahnare lock door rahana itar gatanshi vyapar karat asat. udaharanarth, obsidiancha sarvat jawalcha srot 400 kiimii antaravar asalelya dakshin parvatanmadhil huvancavelica yethe aahe. kolee makadachi kaam keleli manjar dekhil sthanik asanyachi shakyata nahee-kolee makad lomasmadhye rahat nahee; andicemadhil "seja day laa selva" heey tyache sarvat jawalche adhivas aahet kinwa sadhyachya ekodorchya simejaval aanakhi uttarekade olsar utaar aahet. palomamadhye eka chamakdar laal "spondylus" kavach dekhil aadhalale hote; hii prajati "samanyatah gwayakilchya aakhatachya ubdar panyachya dakshines aadhalat nahee aanee hii nehmich tyanchi dakshinekadil maryada rahili aahe heey jawaljawal nishchit aahe."yaa durchya bhaganshi vyapar bahudha apratyakshapane, tyaa gatanshi thet sampark sadhanyaivaji" "daun-daad-line" "devanghevanidware keela jaat asey".
puratatvashastra.
paloma heey gaav asalyapasun aajubajuchya lomanchi parisanstha lakshaniyaritya badalali aahe. pracheen kalat, vanaspati prajatinchi vipulata hotee jee aata namshesh jhaali aahet kinwa durmil aahet. udaharanarth, yaa bhagatil puratatviy sthalanvar aadhalanare paragkan sarvat samanya prakarche asoon sadhyachya konatyahi prajatishi teey olakhata yet nahee. (heey "heliotropium" yaa jatishi sambandhit asoo shakate, parantu heey anishchit aahe.) darmyan, yaa bhagat aata upasthit asalelya vanaspatinchya anek prajati spanish vijayanantarch sadar karnyat aalya.
pracheen palomachya sabhovatalachya lomanmadhye sadhyachya tulanet samruddha vanaspati jeevan hote. tevha zaade adhik mubalak pramanat hotee, jyamule hivalyatil dhukyatoon aadrata tikavoon thevanyas madat jhaali aanee tyaa badalyat itar vanaspatinchya vadhis chalana midali. adhik samanya zadanmadhye vilo (salix), chedo (caparis prisca) aanee vividh prajatinche seasalpinia heey vruksh hote. pickeria", "croton alnifolius" aanee "heliotropium" yasarkhya anek pananchya zudupannihi chhatrachya aadrata tikavoon thevanyat yogdan dile.
kalantarane, manvi kriyakalapanmule haah najuk bhupradesh khalavala gela. lakudamule vaparasathi zaade kapane heey lomache atiutpadan qamee karate aanee jaminivaril aadrata adhik vegane bashpibhavan hote, jyamule shevati ghanata aanee prajatinchya vividhata yaa donhinchya babatit vanaspatinche jeevan qamee hote. palomamadhil nantarchya staranvar jaalanyat aalelya lakadachya vanaspatinche avashesh qamee disatat aanee jatan kelele jaaliche lakud sadharanpane aadhichya staranpeksha vyasache lahan asate. yaa paryavaraniy adhogatimule palomacha shevati tyag honyas hatbhar lagla asava.
abhyasacha itihas.
engalane 1973 madhye utkhanan kele, unit 1 madhye cross aakarachya done khandak khodale. 1975 madhye, misauri vidyapith aanee peruchya rashtriy krishi vidyapith kendramadhye shushk kshetranchya abhyasasathi sanyukt prakalp mhanoon atirikt utkhananacha prastav thevanyat aala. 1976 aanee 1979 madhye done 5 mahinyanche maidani hangam hote, tyanantar 1982 madhye adhik maryadit utkhanane jhaali jyat tyaa jaagechi starikaran punha tapasane dekhil samavisht hote. yamadhye utkhananat sapadalelya kshetracha suruvatichya done khandakanchya palikade vistar karane samavisht hote.