
lycine

lycine (prateek lies kinwa keey) heey eka α-amino aaml aahe jeey anek prathinanche purvavarti aahe. tyat eka α-amino gut (joou jaivik paristhitit protonated swarupat asato), eka α-carboxylic aaml gut (joou jaivik paristhitit deprotonated-kuu-swarupat asato) aanee eka bajuchi sakhali lycil ((ch2) 4nh2) asate, jee tyala eka moolbhut, charge kelele (sharirik phvar), elephatic amino acid mhanoon vargikrut karate. teey aaa aanee aag yaa kodondware encode kelele aahe. jawaljawal itar serve amino esidpramanech, α-carbon kieral aahe aanee lycine ektar ananciomer kinwa donhiche resemic mishran sandarbhit karoo shakate. yaa lekhachya uddeshane, lycine haah jaivikdrushtya sakriy ananciomer-licinecha sandarbh deil, jithe α-carbon "s" sanrachanet aahe.
manvi shareer licineche sanshleshan karoo shakat nahee. heey manavansathi aavashyak aahe aanee mhanoon teey aaharatoon midvane aavashyak aahe. licineche sanshleshan karananya jivanmadhye, diaminopimalate aanee α-eminoedipet heey done mukhya jaivasanshleshak marg astitvat aahet, jeey bhinn enzymes aanee tharancha vapar karatat aanee vividh jivanmadhye aadhaltat. lycine catabolism anek marganpaiki eka margadvare udbhavato, jyapaiki sarvat samanya marg mhanje sacropin marg.
lycine manavanmadhye anek bhoomika bajavate, sarvat mahattvache mhanje prathinjanan, parantu collegen polypeptideschya paraspar jodanimadhye, aavashyak khanij poshak tatvanche sevan aanee fatty acid chayapchayamadhye mahattvachi asalelya carnitinechya utpadanat dekhil. histone badalanmadhye dekhil anekada licinecha samavesh asato aanee tyamule epigenomever parinam hoto. ε-amino gut anekada hydrogen bandhanat aanee utprerkamadhye samanya aadhar mhanoon sahbhagi hoto. ε-amonium gut () haah α-karbanmadhil chauthya karbanshi jodalela asato, joou carboxyl (c = oh) gatala jodalela asato.
anek jaivik prakriyanmadhye tyachya mahattvamule, licinechya kamataratemule sadosh sanyoji ootee, kharab charbiyukt aaml chayapachay, raktakshay aanee pranaligat prathine-urjechi kamatarata yasah anek roganchi sthitee houu shakate. yaulat, aprabhavi apchayamule honanya licinechya atiriktatemule gambhir majjasansthesambandhi vikar houu shakatat.
1889 madhye german jaivik rasayanshastradnya ferdinand heinrich edmond drexel yanni dudhatil kesin prathinanpasun lycine pahilyanda vegale kele. tyane tyala 'lycine' asey naav dile. 1902 madhye, german rasayanshastradnya emil fisher aanee fritz weigert yanni licineche sanshleshan karoon tyachi rasayanik rachana nishchit kelee.
jaivasanshleshan.
licinechya sanshleshanasathi nisargat done marg olakhale gele aahet. diaminopimalate (dapp) marg espartate vyutpann jaivasanshleshak kutumbashi sambandhit aahe, joou threonin, methionine aanee isolucinechya sanshleshanat dekhil sameel aahe. tarr α-eminoedipet (aaa) marg haah glutamate biosynthetic kutumbacha bhag aahe.
dapp marg procariots aanee vanaspati yaa donhimadhye aadhalato aanee dihydrodipicolinate synthes (dii. etch. dii. pii. ess.) (eae.c 4.3.3.7)-espartate semieldehyde aanee pyruvet yanchyatil utprerit ghanikaran pratikriya (4 "s")-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2 "s")-dipicolinic acid (htPA) tayar karate. tyanantar utpadan dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dii. etch. dii. pii. aar.) (eae.) dware qamee kele jaate.see 1.3.1.26), proton daata mhanoon nad (pii) etch saha, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinete (thdp) utpann karnyasathi. yaa tappyapasoon, acetyless, aminotransferes, dehydrogeness aanee suicinales heey chaar marg bhinn aadhalale aahet. acetyless aanee suicinilles yaa donhi prakaranche marg utprerit kelelya chaar utsechakanchya payya vapartat, aminotransferase marg done utsechakancha vapar karato aanee dehydrogeness marg ekach utsechakacha vapar karato. heey chaar bhinn marg, messo-diaminopimalate yaa upantya utpadanachya nirmitimadhye ekatra yetat, jeey nantar diaminopimalate decarboxylase (dii. aii. pii. dii. see.) (udaa.c 4.1.1.20)-lycine tayar karnyasathi. dapp marg anek staranvar niyantrit keela jaato, jyat espartate prakriyet guntalelya enzymeschya varchya bajula tasech prarambhik dii. etch. dii. pii. ess. utprerit ghanikaran tappyavar samavisht aahe. lycine yaa enzymesver eka majboot nakaratmak pratisad loop pradan karate aanee tyanantar sampoorn marg niyantrit karate.
aaa margavar-licinechya sanshleshanasathi madhyavarti eaedware α-catoglutarate aanee acetyl-koache ghanikaran samavisht aahe. haah marg anek yeast prajatinmadhye, tasech proteest aanee uchch burshinmadhye asalyache disun aale aahe. thermus thermophilus' aanee 'pyrococcus horikoshi' madhye aaa margacha paryayi prakar aadhalalyachehi nondavale gele aahe, jeey soochit karoo shakate qee haah marg mool prastavit margapeksha procariotsmadhye adhik vyapakpane pasarla aahe. aaa margatil pahili aanee darr-maryadit karnari payari mhanje acetyl-coa aanee α-catoglutarate yanchyatil ghanikaran pratikriya jee homocitrate-synthes (etch. see. ess.) (eae.c 2.3.3.14) madhyavarti homocitril-coa denyasathi, jeey homocitrate tayar karnyasathi tyach enzymedware hydrolyse kele jaate. homocytrate heey homoconitase (etch. aii. see.) (udaa.c 4.2.1.36) heey "sis"-homoconitate midvinyasathi. tyanantar etch. aii. see. hii dusari pratikriya utprerit karate jyamadhye "sis"-homoconitate heey homoisocitrate tayar karnyasathi rehydrationmadhun jaate. parinami utpadan homoisocitrate dehydrogenase (hiid) (eae.) dware oxidative decarboxylationmadhun jaate.c 1.1.1.87) α-ketoadipate utpann karnyasathi. tyanantar pyridoxal 5′-phosphet (pii. ell. pii.)-aashrit eminotransferase (pii. ell. pii.-ett.) (eae.) dware aaa tayar hote.c 2.6.1.39), amino daata mhanoon glutamatecha vapar karane. yaa tappyapasoon, aaa marg [yethe kahitari gahal aahe?] yachyashi badalato. -> agadi kamitakami, vibhag shirshak! ] rajyavar. burshinmadhye, aaa reductase (udaa.c 1.2.1.95) eka adviteey prakriyet jyamadhye adenalation aanee qamee hone yaa donhincha samavesh asato, jeey phosphopantethinyl hastantaranadvare sakriy hote (udaa.c 2.7.8.7). ekada semieldehyde tayar jhalyavar, sacropin reductase (udaa.see 1.5.1.10) proton daata mhanoon glutamate aanee nadd (pii) etch saha ghanikaran pratikriyeche utprerak banate aanee emine qamee karoon sacropin heey upantya utpadan tayar karate. burshijanya rogachya margachya antim tappyat sacropin dehydrogenase (ess. dii. etch.) (eae.c 1.5.1.8) sacropineche oxidative demination utprerit karate, parinami-lycine hote. kahee procariotsmadhye aadhalanaya aaechya eka prakarat, aah pratham 'aine'-acetyl-aii-eminoedipetmadhye rupantar kele jaate, jeey phosphorylated asate aanee nantar qamee karoon defosphorilated houn ε-eldehydemadhye rupantarit kele jaate. tyanantar eldehydeche 'aine'-acetylicinemadhye rupantar kele jaate, jeey-lycine denyasathi dacitylate kele jaate. tathapi, yaa bhinn margat samavisht asalelya enzymesna aanakhi pramanikaran aavashyak aahe.
catabolism.
serve amino aamlanpramanech, aaharatil licinechya sevanane kinwa antahkoshik prathinanchya vighatanane licineche apchay suru hote. mukt licinechya antakoshiy ekagratevar niyantran thevanyasathi aanee atee mukt licineche vishari parinam rokhanyasathi sthir sthitee rakhanyasathi eka sadhan mhanoon dekhil catabolismcha vapar keela jaato. lycine catabolism anek marg samavisht aahet parantu sarvat samanyapane vaparla jaanara sacropin marg aahe, joou pramukhyane pranyanmadhil yakrutat (aanee samatulya avayavanmadhye), visheshtah mitochondriamadhye hoto. heey purvi varnan kelelya aaa margachya ulat aahe. prani aanee vanaspatinmadhye, sacropin margachya pahilya done payya bifunctional enzyme, α-eminoedipic semieldehyde synthes (aas) dware utprerit kelya jaatat, jyamadhye lycine-catoglutarate reductase (ell. keey. aar.) (eae.see 1.5.1.8) aanee ess. dii. etch. kriyakalap, tarr jivanu aanee burshi yasarkhya itar jivanmadhye, heey donhi enzymes vegvegalya janukandware encode kele jaatat. pahilya tappyat sackropin tayar karnyasathi α-ketoglutaretchya upasthitit-licinechi ell. keey. aar. utprerit ghat samavisht aahe, jyamadhye nadd (pii) etch proton daata mhanoon kaam karate. tyanantar sackropin nirjalikaran pratikriyetun jaate, jeey nad + chya upasthitit ess. dii. etch. dware utprerit hote, aanee aas aanee glutamate tayar karate. aas dehydrogenase (aasd) (eae.c 1.2.1.31) nantar renula aaa madhye nirjalikrut karate. tyanantar, pii. ell. pii.-ett. aii. aii. jaivasanshleshan margachya ulat pratikriyeche utpreran karate, parinami aii. aii. aii. chey α-ketodaypetmadhye rupantar hote. gluteril-coa utpann karnyasathi α-ketodiapet heey utpadan, nadd + aanee coenzyme aii chya upasthitit decarboxylated kele jaate, tathapi yaat samavisht asalele enzyme adyap purnapane spasht jhalele nahee. kahee purave asey suchavatat qee 2-oxoedipate dehydrogenase complexes (oo. aii. etch. see.), jeey oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes (oo. jee. dii. etch. see.) chya eae1 upghatkas sanrachanatmakdrushtya samaroop aahe.see 1.2.4.2), decarboxylation pratikriyesathi jababdar aahe. shevati, gluteril-coa heey gluteril-coa dehydrogenejdware (udaa.see 1.3.8.6), jyavar acetyl-coa utpann karnyasathi anek utsechak payyandware pudhil prakriya kelee jaate; tricarboxylic acid cyclemadhye (tca) samavisht asalela eka aavashyak carbon chayapachay.
poshan moolya.
lycine heey manavanmadhye aavashyak amino aaml aahe. manvi dainandin poshanvishayak aavashyakta balpanat ~ 60 migra/kilo teey praudhanmadhye ~ 30 migra/kilo paryant badalate. pashchimatya samajat hii garaj samanyatah purn kelee jaate, maans aanee bhajipalyachya strotanmadhun shifaras kelelya garajepeksha jaast pramanat licineche sevan kele jaate. maans strotanchya tulanet trundhanyanchya pikanmadhye maryadit pramanat lycine asalyamule shakahari aaharat licineche sevan qamee hote.
trundhanyanchya pikanmadhye licineche maryadit praman lakshat gheta, anuvanshik badal paddhatindware licineche praman vadhavale jaau shakate assa dirghkalapasun andaj vartavala jaat aahe. byavachada yaa paddhatinmadhye dii. etch. dii. pii. ess. enzymechya lycine feedback-asanvedanshil orthologcha parichay karoon deuun dapp margache jaanunbujun aniyamitikaran samavisht asate. vadhalelya mukt licinechya vishari dushparinamanmule aanee tii. see. aii. chakravar honanya apratyaksh parinamanmule yaa paddhatinna maryadit yash midale aahe. vanaspati biyanyanchya sathavan prathinanchya swarupat lycine aanee itar amino aaml jamaa karatat, jeey vanaspatichya biyanyanmadhye aadhaltat aanee heey trundhanyanchya pikanchya khadya ghatakache pratinidhitva karate. yamule keval mukt lycine vadhavanyachi garaj nahee tarr sthir biyane sathavan prathinanchya sanshleshanakade thet lycine vadhavanyachi aanee tyanantar pikanchya upbhogya ghatakache poshan moolya vadhavanyachi garaj adhorekhit hote. anuvanshik badal paddhatinna maryadit yash midale asale taree, adhik paramparik nivadak prajnan tantranni "darjedar prathine makaa" vegale karnyas parvanagi dilee aahe, jyamule lycine aanee tryptophan, jeey eka aavashyak amino acid dekhil aahe, tyanchya patalit lakshaniy vaadh jhaali aahe. licinechya samagritil hii vaadh eka "apardarshak-2" utparivartanamule jhaali aahe, jyamule licinechi kamatarata asalelya zenshi sambandhit biyane sathavan prathinanche pratilekhan qamee jhaale aanee parinami, lycine samruddha asalelya itar prathinanchi vipulata vadhali. samanyatah, pashukhadyat maryadit pramanat asalelya licinechya mubalaktevar maat karnyasathi, audhyogikdrushtya utpadit lycine jodale jaate. audhyogik prakriyet 'corinebacterium glutamicum' chey kinwan sanwardhan aanee tyanantarchya licinechya shuddikaranacha samavesh hoto.
aahar srot.
undy, maans (visheshtah laal maans, kokra, dukarache maans aanee kukkutpalan), soya, shengdane aanee vatane, cheej (visheshtah permason) aanee kahee maase (jase qee codd aanee sardin) heey uchch prathineyukt padarth licineche changle srot aahet. bahutek trundhanyanmadhye (shenga) maryadit karnare amino aaml (vishisht khadyapadarthanmadhye sarvat qamee pramanat aadhalanare aavashyak amino aaml) heey lycine aahe, parantu bahutek daali (shenga) madhye teey bharpur pramanat asate. beensmadhye makyacha abhav asalele lycine asate aanee manvi puratatviy nondinmadhye beans aanee makaa anekada ekatra disatat, jase qee teen bhagininmadhyeh beans, makaa aanee squash.
jarr annamadhye prati gramm prathin kiman 51 mii. gra. lycine asel (jenekarun prathin 5.1% lycine asel) tarr tyat purese lycine asalyache manale jaate. -80.03%-lycine puravinare lycine etch. see. ell. heey aaharatil purak mhanoon vaparale jaate. tyamule, 1 gramm-licine heey 1.25 gramm-licine etch. see. ell. madhye asate.
jaivik bhoomika.
licinsathi sarvat samanya bhoomika mhanje proteinogenesis. prathinanchya sanrachanet lycine varanvar mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate. tyachya bajuchya sakhalimadhye eka tokala sakaratmak charge asalela gut aanee pathichya kanyachya jawal eka lamb hydrophobic carbon shepati asalyane, lycine kahee pramanat amphipathic manale jaate. yaa karanastav, lycine dabalele tasech samanyatah dravak vahinyanmadhye aanee prathinanchya bahereel bhagat aadhalu shakate, jithe teey jaleey vatavaranashi sanvad sadhu shakate. lycine prathinanchya sthiratemadhye dekhil yogdan deu shakate kaaran tyacha ε-amino gut anekada hydrogen bandh, meeth pool aanee sahsanyojak parasparsanvadat bhag gheuun shif bases tayar karato.
histone badalanchya madhyamatoon epigenetic niyaman karane hii licinechi dusari pramukh bhoomika aahe. sahsanyojak histone badalanche anek prakar aahet, jyat samanyatah histonechya baher padananya shepatimadhye aadhalanare lycine avashesh samavisht asatat. badalanmadhye anekada acetyl (− ch3co) jodane kinwa kadhoon takane, jeey acetylicin tayar karate kinwa licinemadhye parat yene, teen methyl (− ch3), ubiquitin kinwa sumo prathine gut samavisht asatat. vividh badalanche januk niyamnavar khalchya dishene parinam hotat, jyamadhye januke sakriy kinwa dadapali jaau shakatat.
sanyoji uutinchi sanrachanatmak prathine, calcium homeostasis aanee fatty acid chayapachay yasah itar jaivik prakriyanmadhye mahattvachi bhoomika bajavanyasathi dekhil licinela samavisht kele gele aahe. kolejanmadhil teen helical polypeptideschya paraspar jodanimadhye licinecha samavesh asalyache disun aale aahe, parinami tyachi sthirata aanee taana shakti nirman hote. hii yantrana jivanunchya peshinchya bhintinmadhil licinechya bhoomikesarkhich aahe, jyamadhye lycine (aanee "messo"-diaminopimalate) heey parasparsambandh tayar karnyasathi aanee tyamule peshinchya bhintichi sthirata rakhanyasathi mahattvapoorn aahet. sambhavya rogjanak anuvanshikdrushtya sudharit jivanunchya avanchhit muktis pratibandh karnyache sadhan mhanoon yaa sankalpanecha yapurvi shodh ghenyat aala aahe. asey prastavit kele gele hote qee 'escherichia kolai' (x1776) chaa oxotrophic strain serve anuvanshik badal paddhatinsathi vaparla jaau shakato, kaaran haah strain dapchya purakateshivay tiku shakat nahee aanee tyamule prayogshalechya vatavaranachya baher rahoo shakat nahee. calcium aatadyansambandhi shoshan aanee mootrapind dharan karnyat licinecha samavesh asava assa prastav dekhil aahe aanee asha prakare, calcium homeostasismadhye bhoomika bajavu shakate. shevati, lycine heey carnitineche purvavarti asalyache darshavile gele aahe, jeey medyukt aaml mitochondriamadhye vahoon netat, jithe urja sodanyasathi tyanche auksidikaran kele jaau shakate. carnetin heey trimethyllicyanpasoon sanshleshit kele jaate, jeey vishisht prathinanchya ksharanamule tayar hote, kaaran asha licineche pratham prathinanmadhye samavesh karane aavashyak aahe aanee carnetinemadhye rupantarit honyapurvi methylated karane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, sastan pranyanmadhye carnitinecha prathamik srot lycine rupantaranapeksha aahar strotandvare aahe.
rhodopsin aanee visual opsin (opaen1esdablue, opaen1emdblue aanee opaen1eldblue janukandware encode kelele) sarkhya opsinmadhye, retinaldehyde sanrakshit lycine avasheshasah skiff bases tayar karate aanee retinilidine gatashi prakashachya parasparsanvadamule rung drushtimadhye signal transduction hote (tapashilansathi visual cycle pahaa).
vadgrast bhoomika.
lycine, jevha antahshira kinwa tondawate dile jaate, tevha vadhichya samprerakanche prakashan lakshaniyaritya vadhu shakate, ashee dirgh charcha jhaali aahe. yamule kheladunni prashikshanadarmyan snayunchya vadhis chalana denyache sadhan mhanoon licinecha vapar keela aahe, tathapi, licinechya yaa vaparas samarthan denare konatehi mahattvapoorn purave aajparyant sapadale naheet.
herpes simplex vishanu (etch. ess. vhee.) prathine, teey sankramit karatat tyaa peshinpeksha arginine samruddha aanee licine qamee pramanat asalyane, upchar mhanoon lycine purak vaparoon pahile gele aahet. done amino aaml aatadyat ghetale jaatat, mutrapindat punarprapt kele jaatat aanee tyach amino aaml vahakadvare peshinmadhye halavale jaatat, tyamule licinechi vipulata, siddhantatah, vishanuchya pratikrutisathi upalabdh asalelya arginineche praman maryadit karel. rogpratibandhak mhanoon kinwa etch. ess. vhee. chya udrekachya upcharanmadhye parinamkaraktesathi vaidyakeey abhyas changle purave dett naheet. lycine etch. ess. vhee. sathee rogpratikarak pratisad sudharu shakate yaa utpadanachya davyanna pratisad mhanoon, european ann suraksha pradhikaranane kelelya punaravalokanat kaaran-parinam sambandhancha konatahi purava aadhalala nahee. 2011 madhye prakashit jhalelya tyach punaravalokanat, lycine collesterol qamee karoo shakate, bhook vadhavu shakate, samanya poshak tatvanshivay itar konatyahi bhoomiket prathine sanshleshanat yogdan deu shakate kinwa calciumche shoshan kinwa dharana vadhavu shakate yaa davyanche samarthan karnyasathi konatahi purava aadhalala nahee.
rogatil bhoomika.
licineshee sambandhit rog heey licinechya khalchya dishene honanya prakriyecha parinam aahet.eae. prathinanmadhye samavisht karane kinwa paryayi jaiv renunmadhye badal karane. kolejanmadhil licinechi bhoomika varr namood kelee gelee aahe, tathapi, collegen peptideschya paraspar jodanimadhye samavisht asalelya lycine aanee hydroxylicine kamtaratecha sambandh sanyoji uutinchya rogachya sthitishi jodala gela aahe. carnitine heey fatty acid chayapchayamadhye samavisht asalele eka pramukh lycine-vyutpann chayapachay asalyane, puresha carnitine aanee licinechya kamataratechya nikrusht aaharamule carnitinechi patali qamee houu shakate, jyache vyaktichya aarogyavar lakshaniy cascading parinam houu shakatat. raktakshayamadhye dekhil licinechi bhoomika asalyache disun aale aahe, kaaran licinecha loh grahan karnyavar aanee tyanantar rakt plazmamadhye ferritinchya ekagratevar parinam hoto assa sanshay aahe. tathapi, krutichi achook yantrana adyap spasht jhaleli nahee. samanyatah, gair-pashchimatya samajanmadhye licinechi kamatarata disun yete aanee prathine-urja kuposhan mhanoon prakat hote, jyache vyaktichya aarogyavar sakhol aanee paddhatshir parinam hotat. eka aanuvanshik anuvanshik rog dekhil aahe jyamadhye lycine catabolismsathy jababdar asalelya enzymesmadhye utparivartan samavisht aahe, mhanje sacropin margache bifunctional esses enzyme. lycine catabolismchya abhavamule, amino aaml plazmamadhye jamaa hote aanee rugnanna hyperlycinemia hoto, joou apasmruti, attaxia, spasticity aanee cycomoter impairment yasah gambhir neurological apangatvasathi lakshanrahit mhanoon upasthit houu shakato. hyperlycinemia vaidyakeey mahatva haah yaa kshetrat charchecha vishay aahe, kahee abhyasanmadhye sharirik kinwa mansik apangatva aanee hyperlycinemia yanchyat konatahi sambandh aadhalat nahee. yavyatirikt, pyridoxin-aashrit epilepsia (aldh7aii1 januk), α-ketodiapic aanee α-eminodypic aciduria (dii. etch. tii. keey. dii. 1 januk) aanee glutaric aciduria prakar 1 (jee. see. dii. etch. januk) yasah anek roganchya avasthanmadhye lycine chayapachay sambandhit janukanmadhil utparivartane samavisht aahet.
mutramadhye mothya pramanat lycine asalyane hyperlicinuriachi nond hote. heey bahutekda chayapachay rogamule hote jyamadhye anuvanshik utparivartanamule licinechya vighatanat guntalele prathine karya karat naheet. mutrapindachya nalikanchya vahatukichya apayshamulehi heey houu shakate.
pashukhadyat licinecha vapar.
pashukhadyasathiche lycine utpadan haah eka pramukh jaagtik udyog aahe, joou 2009 madhye sumare 700,000 tanparyant pohochala aanee tyache bajar moolya 1.2 abj europeksha jaast hote. pranyanchya aaharasathi lycine heey eka mahattvache purak aahe kaaran maans utpadanasathi dukar aanee kombadyansarkhya vishisht pranyanchya vadhisathi anukool banavtana teey maryadit amino aaml aahe. uchch vadhiche darr kayam thevat aanee nitrogen utsarjanamule honare pradushan maryadit karat, lycine purak aaharamule qamee kimatichya vanaspati prathinancha (udaharanarth, soyabinaivaji makaa) vapar karata yeto. matra, tyaa badalyat, jevha makaa kukkutpalan aanee dukaransathi khadya mhanoon vaparla jaato tevha phosphet pradushan hii eka mothee paryavaraniy kimmat asate.
pramukhyane sakharechya ksharatoon sukshmajiv kinwan karoon audhyogikdrushtya lycine tayar kele jaate. utpadanachi karyakshamta sudharanyasathi aanee itar tharanpasoon lycine tayar karnyas anumati denyasathi anuvanshik abhiyantriki sanshodhan sakriyapane jivanu prabhedancha pathpurava karat aahe.
lokpriy sanskruti.
1993 saalee aalelya 'jurassic park' yaa chitrapatat, joou michael cricktonchya 1990 salchya 'jurassic park' yaa kadambarivar aadharit aahe, tyat asha dynasorecha samavesh aahe, jeey anuvanshikdrushtya badalale gele hote, jenekarun teey lycine tayar karoo shakale naheet, jeey abhiyantriki oxotrophy eka udaharan aahe. yala 'lycine aakasmikta' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey aanee clone kelelya dynasorena udyanachya baher tikoon rahanyapasun rokhane apekshit hote, jyamule tyanna udyanachya pashuvaidhyakiy karmchanyanni puravalelya lycine purkanvar avalambun rahane bhag padale. pratyakshat, konatahi prani lycine tayar karoo shakat nahee, teey eka aavashyak amino aaml aahe.
1996 madhye, lycine heey amerikechya itihasatil sarvat mothe, kimmat-nirdharan prakaran kendrasthani aale. dhanurdhar danielchya midland companyne aamhala 10 kotee dollarscha dand thothavala aanee tyachya teen adhikanyanna doshi tharvanyat aale aanee turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. kimmat nishchit karnyachya prakaranat done japani kampanya (aginomoto, kyova hakko) aanee eka dakshin koriyachi company (saven) dekhil doshi aadhalali. licinchi kimmat nishchit karananya katkaryanche gupt video recording online kinwa yuu. ess. kadoon vhidiochi vinanti karoon aadhalu shakate.ess. nyay vibhag, avishvas vibhag. yaa prakaranane 'daad informant aaa true story' yaa pustakala aanee 'daad informant!' yaa chitrapatala aadhar deela.".