lombard leag

hohenstaffen pavitra roman samratanni pavitra roman samrajyacha eka bhag mhanoon italichya rajyavar prabhav padnyachya prayatnanna tond denyasathi, 1167 madhye sthapan jhaleli, lombard leag (lombardmadhye "liga lombarda", italianmadhye "lega lombarda") hii madhyayugeen yutee hotee, jyala popcha pathimba hota. tyachya shikharavar, tyat uttar italitil bahutek shaharancha samavesh hota, parantu kalantarane tyache sadasyatva badalale. 1250 madhye tisra aanee shevatcha hohenstaffen samrat fredrick dusra yachya mrutyunantar too kalbahya jhaala aanee too visarjit jhaala.
itihas.
samrat fredrick pahila barbarosa yane 1158 chya roncagliachya aaharat italivar thet shahee niyantran asalyacha dawa kelyanantar aanee podesta podesta jaagi tyachya swatachya aayuktanni podesta podesta jaaga ghenyas suruvat kelyanantar, 1164 madhye verona, padua, vicenza aanee venis prajasattak yanni sthapan kelelya veronese leagueche heey sangh uttaradhikari tharale. yala pope alekzandar tisra (alessandria shaharala tyachya sanmanarth naav denyat aale) yacha pathimba hota, jyanna italimadhye frederickchi shakti qamee hott asalyache pahanyachi ichcha hotee. 1 december 1167 roji pontida yethe sthapan jhalelya lombard leegmadhye-verona, padua, vicenza aanee venis vyatirikt-krema, cremona, mantua, piacenza, bergamo, brashiya, milan, genoa, bologna, modena, regio emilia, traviso, versaily, lodee, parma, ferrara aanee agadi markis malaspina aanee azelino daa romano yasarkhya kahee lordscha samavesh hota.
jaree ghoshit futiratavadi chalval nasali taree, leegne samratachya sattevaril davyala ("aunar imperi") ughadpane aavhan dile. fredrick pahila yane, visheshtah milan yaa shaharanviruddha, jeey aadhich 1162 madhye vyapale gele hote aanee uddhvast jhaale hote, prayatna kele. tarihi too shaharanna ekmekanviruddha kheloo shakala nahee. 29 meey 1176 roji legnanonchya ladhait, samratachya sainyacha akher parabhav jhaala. 1177 madhye jhalelya venisachya tahane, august 1178 teey 1183 paryant sahaa varshancha yuddhaviram sthapan keela, jevha sthiratechya shantatet eka tadjod aadhalali, jithe italian shaharanni pavitra roman samrajyas eknishth rahnyas sahmati darshavali parantu sthanik adhikarkshetra aanee tyanchya pradeshanvar "droit dii regel" kayam thewale. leegchya sadasyanmadhye, aata samratane pasant kelele millen, eka vishesh sthan gheu lagale, jyamule pramukhyane kremonachya nagarikanshi sangharsh suru jhaala.
lombard leagueche anek vela nutanikaran karnyat aale aanee 1197 madhye fredrick pahilacha mulga heinry sahava yachya mrutyunantar punha ekada pratishtha midali, tarr heinrycha alpavayin mulga fredrick dusra, nivadoon aalela raja, tyala tyachya welf pratispardhi oto IV viruddha sinhasanasathi ladhave lagale. 1226 madhye fredrick, 1218 pasooncha ekmev raja aanee 1220 pasooncha samrat, yane sahavya dharmayuddhasathi tayari karnyasathi pavitra roman samrajyachya rajkumaranna italimadhye bolavanyache uddisht thewale.
italimadhye adhik satta midvanyache samrat fredrick dusra yache prayatna shaharanni radd kele, jyamule leagwar shahee bandee ghalanyat aalee. samratachya upayayojananmadhye vicenza ghene aanee 1237 chya cortenuovachya ladhait tyacha vijay samavisht hota, jyane eka kushal rannitikar mhanoon samratachi pratishtha prasthapit kelee. taridekhil, tyane aaplya samarthyacha chukicha andaj lavala, serve milani shantateche prastav nakarle aanee binshart sharanagaticha aagrah dharala. too gambhir aitihasik mahattvacha kshan hota, jevha frederickchya dveshane tyachya nirnayala rung deela aanee shantatapurn tadjodichya serve shakyata rokhalya. milan aanee itar paach shaharanni tyachya hallyancha samna keela aanee aktoobar 1238 madhye tyala bratiacha vedha ayashasvipane vadhavava lagla.
1239 madhye fredrick dusra hyala bahishkrut bahishkrut gregory Ix hyane lombard leagla punha ekada popcha pathimba deela aanee samratachya prayatnanna prabhavipane virodh keela. 1248 madhye paramachya vedhyadarmyan, shahee chhavanivar hallah karnyat aala aanee tee tabyat ghenyat aalee aanee tyanantarchya ladhait shahee bajucha parabhav karnyat aala. fredrick dusra yane shahee khajina gamavala aanee tyasah bandkhor samudayanviruddha aanee popaviruddhachya tyachya sangharshachi prerana tikavoon thevanyachi konatihi aasha rakhali. 1250 madhye fredrick dusra maran pavala tevha leag visarjit jhaali. tyachya nantarchya nantarchya kalat samrajyacha italian rajkaranavar khoopach qamee prabhav padala.
nagri sarkar.
lashkari yutee asanyavyatirikt, lombard leag heey samudayanchya jagatil sangharajya vyavasthechya pahilya udaharananpaiki eka hote. kharey tarr, sanghachi sadasyanchi eka vegali parishad hotee, jyala 'universitas' mhanatat, jyat vaiyaktik nagarpalikanni niyukt kelelya pratinidhincha samavesh hota aanee vividh kshetranmadhye (jase qee naveen sadasyancha pravesh, samratabarobar yuddh aanee shantata) bahumatane matdan kele gele, jyaa shakti varshanuvarshe adhikadhik vadhalya. universities" neey niyamak, curr aanee nyayik adhikar prapt kele, jee sadhyachya prajasattakashi tulana karata yete.
leegchya pahilya kalat samudayancha sangharajyavishayak kamanshi farsa sambandh navhata aanee 'universitas' chey sadasya swatantra hote. hote kalat nagarpalikancha kahisa prabhav vadhala, parantu ulat parinam mhanoon sadasya nagarpalika parishadechya dhoranat adhik guntalele hote. yavyatirikt, simashulk sanghatanechya nirmitisah leegne shulk radd kele.

