ikarus (hungarian company)

ikaras haah budapest aanee zexfehrvar, hangeri yetheel bus utpadak hota. 1895 madhye imare uharichi lohar karyashala aanee koch karkhana mhanoon yachee sthapana karnyat aalee.: uharee imare covax-aii kosigyarto uzeme) aanee hangeritil samyavadi kalat sampoorn purvekadil gut aanee tyachya mitrapakshanchya bus bajarpethanvar tyache varchasva hote.
itihas.
prarambhik itihas (1895-1932).
1895 madhye, jevha imare uharee yanni tyanchi lohar karyashala ughadali, tevha companycha thet purvavarti boodepest yethe sthapan jhaala. chhotya companyche mukhya kaam gadyanchi aanee ghodyanchya nalyanchi durusti karane heey hote. tathapi, uhareene tyachya karyashalet satatyane tyachya sthir utpannatun sudharana kelee aanee kahee varshant karyashalene tyachya pahilya gadya, dray aanee rathanchi nirmiti karnyas suruvat kelee. anek vistarannantar 1913 madhye uhareene eka naveen prakalp vikat ghetala aanee pahilya mahayuddhachya udrekaparyant tyanni truckchya atirachana tayar karnyavar aanee durust karnyavar laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee. 1918 madhye yuddh shevati sampale tevha hii company sarvat mahattvachya utpadakanpaiki eka hotee. ekikade austro-hungarian samrajya kosalale aanee uharichi company naveen simanchya bahereel bajula naan naan mojkya lokanpaiki eka hotee, tarr dusarikade company yuddh utpadanat mahattvapoorn bhag ghet hotee.
1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila, companycha aanakhi eka vistar honar hota, jyacha parinam akheris eka naveen navat jhalah uharee imare qaar-boddy aanee trailer factory (). () dashakapurvi company pramukhyane paradeshi companyanchya chesisvar phorda, mercedees-benz, fiat, bussing kinwa graph andd stift yasarkhya vividh aanee adviteey superstructure nirmiti karat hotee. yamadhye truck, bus aanee kahee pravasi gadyancha dekhil samavesh hota. uharee company jasjasa vel jaat hota tastashi changli kamgiri karat hotee. 1929 madhye, 1000 vya trakchi adhorachana tayar karnyat aalee. yaa velee kampanikade konatihi niryat utpadane nasali taree, veloveli kahee models aantarrashtriy staravar laksh vedhoon ghet asat. udaharanarth, 1934 madhye french conkers dii 'elegans qaar saundarya spardhet, graph aanee stift chesisvar bandhaleli companychi lakzari autobus sadar karnyat aalee.
hungarian rajya railway (emm. aii. vhee.), hungarian rajya railway auto vahtook company (emm. aii. vhee. tii.) aanee boodepest vahtook company (bii. ess. jhekrt.) chya purvavartinpaiki eka, heey companyche teen sarvat mahattvache grahak hote. 1930 madhye hangerimadhye mahamandi yeiparyant yaa kampanya uharichya karkhanyatun satat magani karat hotya. sankatamule achanak bahutansh magani qamee jhalya, utpadan jawaljawal thambale hote. paristhitimule uhareela tyanchya vastavik mulyapeksha qamee kimatichi vahane vikane aanee karj ghene bhag padale. akheris, 1932 paryant paristhitimule uharee imare qaar boddy aanee trailer karkhana diwalkhor jhaala.
punarrachanepasun teey samyavadi yugaparyant (1933-1948).
1933 madhye, imare uharichya mulanni junya avasheshanvar eka naveen company sthapan kelee, jyala uharee bhawand qaar-boddy aanee vahan karkhana () asey mhatale gele. mule tyanchya kutumbache naav 'vaay' aivaji 'aay' aksharane vaparat hotee. naveen companychi pahili teen varshe sthirpane gelee, konatyahi mothya yashashivay, parantu 1936 madhye, tevha badapestachya sarvajanik vahatukisathi jababdar asalelya bii. ess. zeckert companyne, mawag-mercedees chesisvar 50 dizzell basesachi magani kelee. yaa vahananche utpadan ajunahi lakadi vastoone kele jaat hote, parantu karkhanyat naveen abhiyante niyukt kele gele, jyanni mothya pramanat utpadit kadey dhatuchya vastoochya prakaravar kaam karnyas suruvat kelee.
heey lakshat ghenyasarkhe aahe qee companychya yaa kalat tyanchya utpadananna pratyakshat naav denyachi pratha navhati. jevha aapan pratyek prakaracha sandarbh dett asato, tevha too sahasa too bandhalelya chesisdware aanee utpadanachya varshadvare keela jaato.
hangerimadhil pahili dhatoo-shareer autobus hii uharee bhavandanchi mavag aine 26/36 hotee, jyanantar darvarshi kahee badalansah eka uttaradhikari hota. chaar models mothya pramanavar tayar karnyat aale, pramukhyane budapestasathih manak mavag aine 26/39 aanee aine 26/40, tasech "hiill" aavrutti aavrutti aanee aanee. yaa chaar modelsna tyanchya aagalil adviteey sajavatimule catfish asey topananav denyat aale. tyapaiki ekoon 184 unitsche utpadan jhaale.
1942 madhye, jawaljawal eka hazar lokanna rojgar rojgar companyne vimananchi nirmiti suru kelee. tyaa velee sthapan jhaleli marjit streetvaril jaaga, sahasrakachya shevataparyant deshantargat vahan utpadanachya burujanpaiki eka hotee.
1948 madhye, itar sarvambarobarach hii company rashtriyikaranacha balee tharali, jyanantar soviet unionchya pathimbyane navyane sthapan jhalelya sarkarchya bhitine uharee-kutumb hangeritoon nighun gele.
suvarnayug-samyavadi yug (1948-1989).
ikaras modelschee purvatayari qaraa.
1948 madhye, junya grahak, bii. ess. zeckertne tyachya tafyasathi basgadyanchya naveen reshanchi magani kelee aanee yaa vinantisathi-aata sarkari malkichya-companyne 'tii. aar. 5' heey eka naveen model vikasit kele. teey 9.5 meater lambiche hote aanee mawag loow 5000 prakarchya chesisvar bandhale gele hote. 
1949 madhye communist sarkarne naveen badal lagoo kele. uharee bhavandanchya qaar-boddy aanee vahan karkhana yaat villin karnyat aalah
mhanoon 8 februwari roji ikaras sanstha aanee vahan karkhana () tayar karnyat aala.
tathapi, companychya utpadananna 1951 paryant ikaras heey naav navhate, jaree 1949 nantar bandhalelya tii. aar. 5 modelsver aanee companychya navacha vapar naan karata itar teen modelsver dekhil pankhancha logo disu lagla.
yuddhachya parinami, hangerimadhye chesisachi kamatarata hotee, parantu tyach velee basesachi garaj vadhat hotee, kaaran budapestachya vedhyadarmyan tyapaiki bahutek nasht jhalya kinwa gambhiraritya nuksan jhaale. abhiyantyanna paristhitimule chesisashivay basache model vikasit karnyas bhag padale gele. yacha parinam mhanje 1948 madhye unibody bandhkamasah model tii. aar. 3,5, jeey tyachya prakarchya jagatil pahile hote. kahee srot asey suchavatat qee german setra setra heey asha prakarchya unibody bandhkamasah pahile hote, parantu teey model keval 1950 madhye bandhale jaau lagale. lahan tii. aar. 3,5 chey vajan fakt 3,7 tunn hote-mhanunach naav-aanee lambi 7.73 meater hotee. engine rabane tayar kele hote, parantu tyaa velee company keval kahee yuddhapoorv models tayar karoo shakat hotee, jeey tyanchya swatachya vaparasathi vaparale jaat hote-yaa kshani aprachalit-bus model, vishesh.
yaa alpavadhit, ikaruchya mahatvakankshi yojana hotya, kaaran tyanni keval niryat uddishtansathi done bhinn bus modelschee rachana kelee hotee. yapaiki eka aii19 hotee, jee dakshin-american manke lakshat gheuun tayar karnyat aalee hotee. teey 10.5 meater lambichya chesisvar bandhanyat aale hote aanee pratyek pravasi aasan eka khidakichya shejari dile gele hote. model dekhil sajavatine bharalele hote. serve prayatna karoonahi, modelche keval done namune tayar karnyat aale aanee teey donhi hangerit rahile.
niryaticha dusra prayatna adhik yashasvi jhaala. yaa modella modella asey mhatale gele aanee teey tii. aar. 5 chya tyach chesisvar bandhale gele hote, parantu tyala pudhil bajus punha design kelele, hatane chalavalele swing darvaje aanee kahise adhik pravasi aasan midale. ekoon 170 models tayar karnyat aale, jyapaiki 90 polandala, 45 romaniyala vikale gele aanee jaree teey niryat model asanyacha hetu hota, taree 35 hungarian company mawatla vikale gele.
1951 teey 1967 darmyanche model.
1951 madhye, abhiyante aanee rajkiy nirnay ghenare yanchyat unibody kinwa boddy-aun-frame vahane tayar kelee jaavi qee nahee yababat dirgh aanee garmagaram vaad jhalyanantar, pakshanmadhye tadjod karnyat yash aale. abhiyante-jeey unibody samarthak hote-tyanna asha bandhkamasah done aagami modelpaiki ekachi rachana karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. parantu tyanna fakt eka lahan bus vikasit karanyachi parvanagi hotee, jee tii. aar. 3,5 chaa uttaradhikari hotee. tarr rajkiy ichchhashaktine tyanna chesisvar mothee vahane (tii. aar. 5 chaa uttaradhikari) tayar karnyas bhag padale. yaa "tadjodi" madhoon companyche pahile vahan janmala aale, jyache kharetar karkhanyache naav ikaras 30 hote. shahar aanee aantarshahari marganna tasech koch sevanna seva denyasathi eka sarvatrik vahan mhanoon tyachi rachana karnyat aalee hotee. tathapi, hii bus shaharanmadhye vaparnyasathi apuri asalyache siddha jhaale, kaaran tee khoop lahan, arund hotee aanee chhatavaril khidakya unhalyat haritgruh prabhav nirman karat hotya. tyamule yaa modella pravashankadun nylonbusche topananav midale.
tee apuri ciity bus asalyache jitke siddha jhaale, titkech tee eka dabba mhanoon yashasvi jhaali. mothya sankhyene niryat kelya vikalya anek ikaras modelspacky heey pahile model tharale. purv germany aanee chinane pratyeki 600 hoon adhik units kharedi kelya, tarr chekoslovakiane dekhil 500 vahananchi magani kelee.
1951 saalee aanakhi eka naveen modelcha janm jhalah ikaras 60, jeey tii. aar. 5 modelche uttaradhikari hote. ikaras 60, aadhi namood kelyapramane, nirnaykartyanni saktine tayar keleli eka rachana-rachana hotee, jee vahan vikas sansthene () tayar kelee hotee aanee ikarasne swatach bandhali hotee. ikaras 60 heey eka ashtapailu vahan asalyache siddha jhaale aanee kahee badalansah, tyachya aadhare anek up-models tayar karnyat aale. sarvat ullekhaneey udaharan mhanje 1952 teey 1956 darmyan tayar keleli ikaras ikaras, jee companyche pahile trolleybus model hote.
itar mahattvache upman heey aay. tii. see. 600 aanee aay. see. 660 hote, jeey 1960 teey 1967 darmyan jagatil pahilya mothya pramanat utpadit kelelya spasht bus modelpaiki eka mhanoon bandhale gele hote. heey lakshat ghenyasarkhe asale taree, heey badal ikarus kinwa tyachya kamgaranni kelele naheet, tarr eka operator company asalelya phaa. mhanoon, tyanna anekada phaa-articulated () mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey.
companyshi sambandhit anek mahan kamgiri aahet aanee tyapaiki eka hotee ikarus 55 aanee ikaras 66 bhagini model. done adviteey modelspacky 1952 teey 1973 darmyan ekoon 16,726 units bandhanyat aalya hotya. tyanchi injine vahananchya mageel vibhagat basavanyat aalee hotee, jyanchi eka vishisht rachana aanee swaroop hote, parinami tyache samanya topananav (andajeh nitamb) hote. bhagini models hungarian bus itihasache prateek banalya.
1950 chya uttaradhat, ikarusne ikaras 30 aanee 60 modelsche uttaradhikari vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee, mhanoon ikaras 31 aanee ikaras 620 tayar kele. pahila purv germanyla mothya sankhyene vikala gela, tarr dusra hangeri aanee soviet unionmadhye lokpriy hota.
1963 madhye hungarian rajyane kinwa ('samanya yantrik yantra karkhana') ikarusmadhye villin karnyacha nirnay ghetala. aamagcha karkhana zeksafeharvarmadhye hota, mhanoon tethe ikarasacha dusra karkhana tayar karnyat aala.
1960 chya dashakat modelschya paletchi punarrachana karnyat kharch karnyat aala, jyapaiki teen modelscha janm jhaala, jeey samaan design aanee ghatkanvar aadharit hoteh ikarus 180,556 aanee 557, jeey serve vidyaman aanee ajunahi karyarat asalelya mageel modelsna paryay deteel. ikaras 180 heey triumveratemadhun thalakpane dakhavale jaane aavashyak aahe, kaaran ikarasne vikasit aanee utpadit kelele heey pahile spasht bus model hote. jaree heey namood karane aavashyak aahe qee, vikasasathi, companyne german heinshell companyne vikasit kelele heinshell etch. ess. 160 yuu. ess. ell. vahan vikat ghetale aanee tyaa velee teey 'articulated bus' mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. ikaru yanni pratyakshat vahan samajoon ghenyasathi teey vegale kele aanee punha punha ekatra kele. tantrikdrushtya abhiyantyanni tyachi jawaljawal eksarkhich nakkal kelee hotee.
1960 chya uttaradhat yaa teen vahanancha vikas thambavanyat aala, jevha companyne aapali bahutansh sansadhane naveen, bahumukhi model maliket guntavanyacha nirnay ghetala. hii malika ikaras 200-kutumb (kinwa malika) mhanoon olakhali jaau lagali.
ikaras 200-malika.
naveen model kutumbacha pahila namuna, ikaras 250,1967 madhye boodepest aantarrashtriy jatret (bii. aine. vhee.) sadar karnyat aala. yaa malikemagil sampoorn kalpana eka model kutumb tayar karane hii hotee, jeey bahumukhi aahe. eka shahar, upnagari kinwa dabe vahan mhanoon purese honyasathi sahajpane sudharit kele jaau shakate. aaj yala modular design mhanatat, parantu 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat too adyap vyapak upay navhata. baschi rachana adhik koneey banavanyachi kalpana designerchi hotee, tyamule pravashansathi adhik changlya drushyansah adhik jaaga tayar hote.
heey pratikruti anek aantarrashtriy spardha aanee spardhanmadhye sahbhagi hott hote aanee tyanni anek puraskar jinkale. 1969 madhye, aantarrashtriy autobus saptahat, modelane itar 17 vahananpaiki raupyapadak jinkale. tyane 1971 madhye monako yethe jhalelya eka spardhetahi bhag ghetala, jithe ikaras 250 ess. ell. (lakzari submodel) neey renier III chee bhavya trophy jinkley.
1968 pasoon, kutumbatil bhavishyatil modelsasathi yogya sanrachana shodhanyasathi, ikarusne vividh prayogik vahane vikasit aanee tayar karnyas suruvat kelee. akheris, 1971 madhye companyne tharavale qee shahari vahatukisathi, ikaras 260 aanee ikaras 280 models sarvottam models asateel, jeey nantar tyaa kalatil sarvadhik vikalya vikalya bus banalya. spasht keleli ikarus jagbharat itaki yashasvi jhaali qee, company tyachya sudharit model, ikaras 286 saha uttar-american bajarpethet dekhil aalee.
1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila, companyne asey vikram prasthapit kele jyanna tevhapasoon adyap aavhan dile gele nahee, jase keeh
ikaras 300-malika.
200 malikanchya yashanantarhi companyne naveen prakalp vikasit karane thambavale nahee. tathapi, 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat dhoran eka modular model kutumbapasoon donmadhye badalale. tyapaiki eka mhanje mageel malikechya prashikshak shakheche uttaradhikari hone aanee eka mhanje shahar/upnagariy shakhechya babatitahi asech karane. nantarchi malika 400-malika jhaali, tarr pahili malika ikaras 300-malika hotee.
300-kutumbacha pahila namuna 1981 madhye tayar karnyat aala hota aanee tyala ikaras 386 386 (380 enai) heey naav denyat aale hote. tyanantar 1980 chya dashakat vividh prakarchya modelscha vapar karnyat aala. tyanchi pramukh vaishishtye mhanje pravashanchi unch jaaga, jyamule teey aadhunik dabyansarkhe jhaale. 1989 paryant tyanchi nirmiti ikarusdware kelee jaat hotee, jevha tyanchi navyane sthapan jhaleli upakampani ikarus igla tyanchi utpadan aanee vikas shakha midali.
ikaras 400-malika.
shahar aanee upnagariy vahatukisathi vividh prakarchi vahane tayar karane heey dusare vishesh naveen model kutumb hote. pahila namuna 1979 madhye ikaras 413.k1 yaa navane bandhala gela hota, jyanantar 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila jawaljawal eka dozen itar prayogik vahane aalee.
1984 paryant, vikas purn jhaala aanee ikaras 415 modelchya pahilya pidhipasoon utpadan suru houu shakale. jaree teey tyaa kalatil aavashyak tantradnyanasaha eka uttam prakare tayar kelele model asale, taree farsha orders prapt jhalya naheet, kaaran ikarusachi mukhya bajarpeth purvekadil gatamadhye hotee, jyala aarthikdrushtya tras houu lagla hota. soviet union kinwa hungarian kampanya adhik mahag, adhik aadhunik model kutumb paravadu shakat navhatya aanee tyanchyapaiki bahutekanni 200-malikechya khoopach swast, parantu aadhich 14 varshe junya modelche utpadan suru thevanyachi magani karnyacha nirnay ghetala. model kutumbachya pratyaksh mothya pramanavar utpadanasathi companyla 1992 paryant pratiksha karavi lagali, jevha bii. keey. vhee. zert. aay. keey. 415 modelchya 140 unitschee magani kelee. toparyant companyne modelchi spasht keleli aavrutti vikasit kelee aahe, jyala ikaras 435 heey naav aahe, parantu yaa vahanala tyach vahtook kampanikadoon pahilya mothya ordersathi 1994 paryant pratiksha karavi lagali.
ikaras 500-malika.
vividh vikasansheel deshanchya vinantisathi companyche uttar mhanoon 1979 teey 1999 darmyan modelsche heey ikaras kutumb tayar kele gele, kaaran tyanna swast, lahan aanee bahumukhi vahananchi garaj hotee. yaa unitsney konatyahi pramukh rachana niyamanche palan kele nahee, agadi up-model dekhil ekmekanpeksha khoop vegale disu shakatat. yaa serve vahananmadhye jeey samya hote teey mhanje tee unibody bandhkamane navhe tarr vividh chesisvar bandhali gelee hotee. anek kampanyanni tyanchi utpadane ikarusala vikali, jyanni nantar tyanchyavar superstructure tayar kele, jyat volkswagen, avia, mann, reynolt aanee agadi isuju yancha samavesh aahe. yaa serve modelspacky, ikaras 543 sarvat jaast sankhyene utpadit kele gele, 2100 hoon adhik unitschee niryat karnyat aalee.
ikarusacha patan (1989-2003).
communist gut kosalalyane ikarusache astitvahi sankatat sapadale. russiasah ekekali khoop jawalche grahak achanak hungarian companypasoon door gele, jyamule eka mothee aapatti nirman jhaali. dusari mothee samasya ashee hotee qee urvarit grahakanna ajunahi 300-aanee 400-malikechya "naveen" modelsbaddal aikanyachi ichcha navhati. aanee tisra muddah assa hota qee 1990 madhye soviet union diwalkhorichya umbarathyavar hote; hangeri sarkarchya pratisadamule yu. ess. ess. aar. kadey kadey niryativar tatkal sthagiti aalee. yamule aadhich utpadit jhalelya 200-malika ikaraschya 1000 hoon adhik buses karkhanyachya aavarat adakoon padalya. tee ghatana companysathi eka mothe nuksan hotee. 1990 salasathi germanyne serve aurder mage ghetalya tevha ikarasla dekhil dhakka basala. yaa ghatananmule ikarasla tyachya anek puravathadaranshi sambandh todave lagale aanee yaa bhaganche utpadan tyachya swatachya karkhanyanmadhye suru karave lagale. companyche sanrakshn karnyachya dishene eka tarkik paul asale taree, tyacha parinam seppels itar anek hungarian vyavasayanchya bhavitavyavar jhaala.
asankhya adthale asoonahi, united kingadamsarkhya kahee navyane jinkalya gelelya bajarpethanmule, ikarus panyabaher rahanyat yashasvi jhaale. 1980 chya dashakachya agadi shevati, ikarus yaa betavar 300-maliketil kahee models niryat karnyat yashasvi jhaala, jyamule pudhil bhagidarisathi aadhar tayar jhaala. 1990 teey 2001 yaa kalat, companyne keval britainsathi teen models vikasit aanee niryat kelee, jyapaiki shevatche 2000 saalee tayar karnyat aale hote, jyala ikaras 489 polaris asey naav denyat aale hote aanee teey eka atishay adyayavat, aadhunik vahan hote.
ikarus vyavasay sampalyashivay naveen model vikasit karat rahila. 1993 madhye, companyne tyache pahile purnapane qamee majlyavaril model, ikaras 411 tayar kele. yaa vahanasah, ikaras asha modelchi ghoshana ghoshana pahilya kampanyanpaiki eka hotee. 1991 madhye vanne huul aii300 hii pahili purnapane qamee majali bus hotee. tathapi, keval maryadit sankhyene model tayar kele gele, pramukhyane bus keval 11 meater lamb hotee, jee tyaa velee phaar vyavharik manali jaat navhati. companyla hii samasya lakshat aalee aanee 12 meater lambichi ikaras 412 hii modelchi uttaradhikari vikasit kelee. dusarikade, ikaras hii jagatil pahili purnapane qamee majali spasht bus tayar karnari company hotee. too ikarus 417 hota, joou tyachya aadhunik vaishishtyanmule suruvatila khoop lokpriy hota aanee german shahar wupertalne tabadtob 17 unitschee magani kelee. tathapi, modelche yash jaast kaal tikale nahee, kaaran tyat kahee varanvar varanvar yantrik samasya hotya. parinami, pudhil 7 varshant keval 32 unitschee vikri jhaali.
1998 madhye, junya 200-malikanchi nutanikaran keleli aavrutti vikasit karnyat aalee, jyala classic-malika mhanatat. junya modelsna punha design kelele front/back aanee naveen, adhik karyaksham rabah rabah kinwa detroit dizzell dizzell injine midali. purv aanee hangeritil grahakanna parichit modelschya naveen aavrutya kharedi karnyat anand hott asalyane, classic-malika yashasvi tharali, tarr ikarusala dekhil tyanchya nirmitimule kahise adhik utpann midale.
1999 madhye, french irisbusne aadhich aajari asalele ikaras vikat ghetale, jyachya yaa tappyapasoon tyache patan suru jhaale. irisbuschi swatah yaa brandsobat konatihi dirghakalin yojana navhati, tee mukhytah ikarasache karkhane aanee bajarpethansathi prayatna karat hotee. 2003 madhye, french bahusankhya malkine assa nishkarsh kadhala qee teey yaa bajarpethanche adhigrahan karoo shakat naheet aanee 2000 madhye budapestmadhil karkhana bund kelyanantar tyanni sampoorn company sampavavi assa nirnay ghetala.
companyne utpadit keleli shevatchi vahane teen ikaras 280 hotee, jee aktoobar 2003 madhye sexfehervarchya karkhanyatun baher padali.
sahayyak kampanya.
ikaras eeg (1967/1989-2007).
ikarusachya itihasacha haah bhag 1967 madhye suru hoto, jevha companyne eka lahan prakalp sthapan karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jithe adviteey kinwa lahan kramankache model vikasit aanee tayar kele jaau shakatat. tee (ikaraschi anokhi vanaspati) bunley. scandinavian deshansathi anek models yethe bandhanyat aale.
vhee. oo. vhee. aanee ess. tii. ell. eff.-niyamannusar buses.
1971 madhye, companyne paschim german bajarpethet swatahla vaparnyacha nirnay ghetala, jithe atishay kadak kinwa "vove-niyam" karyarat hote. yaa niyamanmule vahananche vishisht swaroop aanee bandhkam apekshit hote, jyacha parinam vividh companyanchya basgadyansarkhe jawaljawal doppelganger jhaale. hungarian companyne ikaras 190 vikasit aanee niryat kelee, tarr spardhet mercedees-benz oo305, mann sl 200 kinwa magris-dutes ess. 110 yasarkhya modelschee nirmiti jhaali. ikarasache model pramukh asalyache siddha jhaale, jyacha parinam german operatorkadoon anek aurder aanee 1977 paryant ekoon 256 unitschee niryat jhaali.
nantar, 1976 pasoon, sweedenla dekhil ikaras modelsbaddal utsukata vatoo lagali, mhanoon tyanni vove-regulation swedish samkakshanna, daad, aur, fitt karnyasathi mothya badalansah, tyanchya thodya sankhyechi magani kelee. naveen modella ikaras 194 asey naav denyat aale hote aanee grahakachya vinantinusar unibody bandhkam vaparnyaivaji swedish chesisvar (volvo aanee scania sarkhe) bandhanyat aale hote. pahilya malikenantar 1987 paryant itar anek malika aalya aanee parinami ikaras 196 hii eka spasht aavrutti vikasit jhaali.
eae-malika.
1989 madhye, companyne, prakalpachya yashamule, tee eka sahayyak company mhanoon tayar karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jyacha parinam mhanoon eka naveen navah, kinwa (ikaras adviteey autobus karkhana). eae. eae. jee. neey eae-malika navachya chesisvar swatache, uchch darjache dabe aanee bus vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee aanee pramukhyane scandinavian aanee pashchatya bajarpethanmadhye too eka motha niryatdar banala.
jaree teey yashasvi tharale aanee sthir utpann midvat asale taree 2007 madhye irisbusne akheris ikaras eae. aii. jee. dekhil bund karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
american-ikaras (1980/1989-1993).
1980 chya dashakat, ikarusne ikarus 286 chee yashasvi niryat americela (mukut-ikaras 286 mhanoon) aanee canadala (orean-ikaras 286 mhanoon) kelee. nantar ikarasne khandatil utpadan sunishchit karnyasathi american ikaras hii upakampani tayar kelee. akheris aanee anshatah matru companychya white paristhitimule, 1993 madhye american ikarus ikaraspasoon vegale jhaale aanee tyanni uttar american bus udyog kinwa nabii heey naav ghetale. naveen company nantar sarvat pramukh american bus utpadakanpaiki eka bananyat yashasvi jhaali.
2013 paryant, jevha naveen flyer udhyoganni nabii vikat ghetali aanee akheris 2015 madhye tee bund kelee, tevha nabine mothya pramanat ikaras 416 aanee 436 modelsver aadharit transit basesache utpadan suru thewale.

