hathdharmita aanee aupcharikta door karane aanee vaicharik karyat juchechi sthapana karane

hathdharmita aanee aupcharikta door karane aanee vaicharik karyat juchechi sthapana karane, jyala 'juche bhashan' asehi mhanatat, heey 28 december 1955 roji kiim ill sing yanni kelele bhashan hote. bhashanat tyanchya 'juche' vichardharecha prathamach navane ullekh karnyat aala. kimchya sarvat mahattvachya kamanpaiki eka aanee uttar koriyachya itihasatil eka 'jalvibhajak kshan' mhanoon too manla jaato. bhashanat jarr 'juche' haah shabd ekhadya vicharsaranicha prarambh karnyasathi vaparla gela kinwa corian lock haah kranticha vishay hota asey adhik puranmatvadipane mhatale gele tarr matey bhinn aahet. pahilya vyakticha assa vishvas aahe qee "juche" hii eka vegali vichardhara mhanoon hwang jung-yopane tyachya bhashanachya punarshodhavar vikasit kelee hotee. heey bhashan prathamach 1960 madhye prakashit jhaale aanee tyanantarchya anek sudharananmadhye mothya pramanat sampadit kele gele.
kiim ill singne bhashan kevha dile aanee kuthe aspasht aahe kinwa kuthe mage takale gele aahe, yacha tapasheel. corian yuddh, soviet unionmadhil dii-stalinization, soviet-yugoslav vitalane aanee aarthik punarrachanechya pratikriyesathi koriyachya kamgar pakshatil (doubleu. pii. keey.) gatbajichya parshvabhumivar heey bhashan denyat aale. kiim, soviet koriyachya prachar karyakartyanvar, tyanni corian paristhitinusar nishkapatapane swikarlelya soviet paddhatincha hawala deuun, 'hathdharmita' aanee 'aupcharikta' yaa pracharavar teeka karato. bahutek bhashan 'juche' baddal nahee, tarr pracharadvare dakshin koriyachya lokanchi maney aanee antahkarane jinkanyachya margambaddal aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
uttar koriyacha corian yuddhatil parabhav aanee tyanantarchya doubleu. pii. keey. madheel rajkiy ashantatemule yaa bhashanacha paya rachala gela. stallincha mrutyu aanee soviet unionche sadhyache dii-stalinization hyancha dekhil parinam jhaala. shivay, soviet-yugoslav vitalalyane uttar koriyache soviet union aanee itar samyavadi deshanshi asalele sambandh punha paribhashit karanyachi sandhee midali. kimcha assa vishvas hota qee uttar koriyala soviet sangharajyapasun tyachya rajkiy swatantryacha sanket dyava lagel kaaran tyachi punarrachana soviet madativar aadharit hotee. gatvadyanvar shabdant, uttar koriyala soviet madat havee hotee, parantu tyachyasobat aalelya atinchi nahee. udaharanarth, eka soviet sthitee mhanje avjad udhyogapeksha halakya udyog aanee grahakopayogi vastoonna anukool karnyasathi uttar koriyache naveen abhyaskram dhoran lagoo karane. yaa atty kimchya avjad udhyogavaril laksh kendrit karnyashi aanee uttar koriyala swavlambi aanee swatantra arthvyavasthet rupantarit karnyachya dhyeyashi visangat hotya. kimche mukhya virodhak, soviet koriyache lock, soviet yuniyanmadhun udbhavalelya naveen dhorananpasun prerit hote. soviet coriensani yanan gatashi swatahla jodoon tyanchi sthitee majboot karnyacha prayatna keela.
haah gatvad 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila sanskrutik aasthapanet jhaala. pakshachya deshantargat gatache pratinidhitva pratinidhitva paak hohn-yong tasech aaghadichya soviet coriensani sanskrutik padanvar samvichari samvichari niyukti kelee aanee kiim ill sing yanchyashi sahanubhooti asalelyanna sodoon dile. , aanee asha prakare soviet koriyachya aashrayakhali thevalelya pramukh deshantargat gut lekhkansarkhya. kimne soviet corienceshee ughadpane sangharsh talhanyacha prayatna keela kaaran tyamule soviet unionla dukhapat hoil. tyaeivaji, tyanni tyaa lekhakanchya virodhat sahityik aaghadivar moheem suru karane nivadle. yaa madhyasthanna shuddha kelyanantar, kimne soviet koriyachya virodhavar adhik laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee. shuddha lekhakanshi asalelya tyanchya sambandhanmule soviet koriyacha upman jhaala.
mandani.
bhashanachi achook vel aanee mandani maheet nahee, parantu done bhinn shakyata aahet. pahila siddhant assa aahe qee bhashan-upashirshak 'pakshache pracharak aanee andolakanna bhashan, 28 december 1955'-tyaa divashi prachar karyakartyanchya chhotya prekshakanna denyat aale hote. dusari shakyata ashee aahe qee haah karyakram tyach aathvadyat doubleupeakechya kendriya samitichi baithak hotee.
lekhak hahn soryane kiim ill singvar prabhav padala aanee soviet corian parshvabhoomi asalelya prachar karyakartyanviruddh moheem suru kelee ashee shakyata aahe. 27 december roji, kiim ill sing yanchya bhashanachya eka divas aadhi, pakshane eka prachar parishad bolavali jyamadhye hahn yanni prarambhik bhashane dilee. kimchya gatvadyanvar divashichya bhashanat jaree tyateel kahee sandarbh asale taree hanche bhashan sarvajanik karnyat aalele nahee. tathapi, aamhala mahit aahe qee hanane soviet koriyachya prachar karyavar teeka kelee. visheshtah, hancha assa vishvas hota qee "rodong sinmun" sampadak uttar koriyachya paksh-rajyachya sthapanetil suruvatichya corian communistanchya bhoomikekade durlaksh karat hote. dongsio vidyapithache pradhyapak bii. aar. tathapi, kiim ill singche bhashan bahudha pracharkanchya eka chhotya pathpurava karyakramat jhaale asave. bhashanachya upashirshakamadhye ghataneche mahatva qamee karoon dakhavanyacha konatahi kalpaneey uddesh sadhya jhaala nasata. kimchya bhashanat sahitya kshetratil "mothya vaicharik chuka" ughad karnyache aanee tyanna sahityik aasthapanechya netrutvasathi protsahan denyache shrey hahn yanna dile jaate.
dusarikade, kukmin vidyapithache pradhyapak andrei lankov aanee koria vidyapithache pradhyapak balazas sazalontai yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee kimchya bhashanasah haah karyakram pakshachya kendriya samitichi baithak asava. tyaa tarkhechya aaspas ekoon 420 hoon adhik sahbhaginsah mothya sankhyene pahunyansah doubleupeakechya sthayi samitichi vistarit baithak jhaali. kimche bhashan heey kadachit karyakramache antim bhashan asave.
bhashan.
gatvadavar teeka.
kiim mhanje corian paristhitimadhye soviet paddhatincha kathor vapar. tyamule kimchya yaa shabdachya vaparavar chiinii communistancha prabhav hota. tyachpramane, "aupcharikta" mhanje sthanik paristhiti lakshat gheuun krantichya vastavik sarala balee padoon samyavadachya soviet swarupavar bharr dene. suhchya matey, bhashan sovhietvirodhi aanee chiinii samarthak aahe. kimla koriyashi ayogya ayogya soviet paddhatinchi yadee karato. pustakanchya samorun majkurachi takte chhapane, 'pravada' madheel mathalyanchi nakkal karane, cyberiachi chhayachitre prakashit karane aanee pramukh russian lekhakanchi chhayachitre sarvajanik thikani tangane heey soviet paddhatinche nishkapatapane avalamb hote, asey tyanche mutt hote. yaulat, kiim koriyamadhye chiinii sudharana moheem swikaranyache aavahan karato. james eff. vyakti yala 'sadaae' ('mahananchi seva karane') vrutti ('sadaejui') sodoon denyacha aanee 'corian manache vasahatvad mukt karnyacha' prayatna mhanate. yaa arthane heey bhashan tyaa kalatil paramparik marksvadi-leninist vicharanvar aadharit hote aanee soviet unionmadhye stalinismower teeka karnyasathi yaa sandnya ashach prakare vaparlya jaat hotya. tathapi, shirshak asoonahi, bhashanacha keval pahila bhag 'juche', hathdharmita aanee aupcharikta yanchyashi sambandhit aahe. dusra ardha bhag dakshin koriyamadhye bandkhorila protsahan denyavar aahe.
jevha kiim bhashan dett hota tevha soviet koria aanee yaan gatala kase nishprabhavi karayache hii tyachi sarvat tivra chinta hotee. suruvatila sarvajanikaritya bajoo ghenyas nakhush asalyane, deshachya arthvyavastheche gairvyavasthapan kelyanantar kimla virodhkanchya tikela samore jaave lagnyachi shakyata hotee. corian yuddhanantar deshachi punarbandhani karnyasathi kiim yanni halakya udhyogapeksha judd udyogala anukool aarthik dhoran tharvile hote. avjad udyog aanee shetee yaa donhi kshetrat mandee asalyane parinam changle navhate. eka paryayi, halakya udhyogavar chalanare dhoran, soviet corienceshee sambandhit hote aanee teey samore aale. asha prakare, bhashanat visheshtah aaghadichya soviet koreansvar teeka kelee jaate aanee yaa tappyavar shuddha karnyat aalelya deshantargat gatachya sadasyanna paak hohn-yong aanee yee sing-yop yaa navane teeka kelee jaate. kiim yanni gatvadyanvar gatvadyanvar mahayuddhadarmyan japani lokanshi kukhyatpane sahkarya kelelya dakshin koriyachya lekhak yee kwang-soola uttar koriyamadhye aananyacha aarop keela. hii yojana corian yuddhadarmyan pratyakshat aalee, parantu uttarekade jaat asatana yichya mrutyune tee ayashasvi jhaali. kimche mukhya laksh, tathapi, chong sang-chiin, paak yong-biin, qee soke-boqa, chong yul, chaun tong-hyok aanee paak chang-oka yasah ajunahi sakriy sakriy hote.
kiim yanni soviet unionmadhil dii-stalinizationla pathimba dilyabaddal prachar karyakartyanna doshi tharavale. yashivay, yaa kamgaranvar teeka karoon, kimkade itaratra aaplya virodhkanvar hallah karnyache eka soyiche kaaran hote. bhashananantar bhashananantar pratishthit gut ghatana aanee virodhakanchi shuddhi jhaali, jyane 'juche' sankalpanedware kayadeshir manyata dilee.
"juche".
decembermadhil bhashan heey kimche 'juche' chaa pahila prakashit ullekh aahe. tyach varshi eprilmadhye eka bhashanat tyanni 'vyaktinishth kshamate' baddal sangitale hote, parantu 'juche' vyatirikt dusra shabd vaparla hota. tyaa bhashanachya nantarchya aavrutyanmadhye, yaa shabdachya jaagi 'juche' ('chuchejock') haah shabd aala aahe.
myers yaa shirshakache shabdalekhan mhanatat-"vaicharik karyat" juche "sthapan karane"-anakalaneey. sakriy vishayachya tatvik arthane, corian shabd 'juche' chaa shabdasha arth 'vishay' assa hoto. mhanoon, ekhada vishay jevha prathamatah ekhadya goshtichi sthapana karato, tevha too sthapit hoto asey mhanane tarkik nahee. myers shabdanchya nivadisathi done spashtikaran dete. pratham, kiim ill ganyapurvich 'juche' baddal bolalelya aanee ektar 1955 chey bhashan lihilelya kinwa kiman kiim ill ganyasathi sahitya dilelya lokanni yacha vapar keela asava. dusare mhanje, kimne uttar koria adhik spasht parantu chithavanikhor shabdancha vapar karnyaivaji adhik rajkiy swatantryachya dishene vatchal karat aahe, haah tyacha gupt muddah sadar karnyasathi 'juche' haah sanketik shabd mhanoon sthapit karane nivadle asave. myersney namood kelyapramane, shirshak itar done kamanpeksha (hathdharmita aanee aupcharikta door karane) 'juche' adhik mahattvache asalyache darshavat nahee. tasech 'juche' hii eka vyapak vichardhara asalyacha dawa karat nahee. tyaeivaji, myerscha assa yuktivad aahe qee kimne too chaloo asalelya vaicharik karyacha eka bhag manla.
bhashanatil mukhya bhag assa aaheh
kahee vidwan asey mhanatat qee heey bhashan rashtravadachi kinwa rajkiy swatantryachi dhadsi ghoshana hotee, tarr myers tyaa vaktrutvala tyaa kalatil purvekadil gatatil deshanmadhye asamanya manat naheet. johnn gittings pudhe jaaun, parichhedachya pramaniktevar prashnachinh upasthit karat mhanatat qee, teey bhashanachya "mool majkurat nantar samavisht kelyapramane aahe". bhashanat kiim pudhe-mage jaatoh
yacha saransh assa sangata yeil qee, 'vishay'-corian kranti, itar krantinpeksha vegali-vaicharik karyat spashtapane prasthapit jhaleli nahee."ashach prakare kiim pudhe mhanatoh
yaa parichhedat lenin aanee engels yancha eka vishisht vakyansh aahe joou tyaveli uttejak manla jaat navhtah "aapala siddhant haah siddhant nahee, tarr krutisathi margdarshak aahe".
uttar koriyachya itihaslekhanane nantar 1930 chya dashkatil kiim ill singchya chhapil divasanparyant 'juche' vichardharecha ugam mage ghetala aahe. with daad century' yaa tyanchya aatmacharitrat kiim yanni yanni dashkatil mool aanee matey pahilya ullekhatil visangati spasht karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. kiim lihitat qee tyanchya 1930 chya dashkatil bhashananmadhye keval 'juche' kalpanecha eka 'ghatak' hota, parantu 1955 haah 'yuddhottar samajvadi bandhkamacha kaal' hota, jevha aamhi visheshtah 'juche' chya bhavniktechya karyavar bharr deela. kiim sing-chulane namood kele aahe qee kiim 1955 haah yaa shabdacha pahila uday hota heey kase nakarat nahee, asey mhanat qee 1992 chya aatmacharitrane 'juche' chya utpattivaril vaad sampavala.
prachar karya.
bahutek bhashan heey pracharadvare dakshin koriyachya lokanchi maney aanee antahkarane jinkanyachya margambaddal aahe. myerschya matey, bahutek teeka, kiim ektar patkathetun baher padala kinwa viral swaranni bolat hota asey suchavat, eka dhobal paddhatine sadar kelee jaate. myers namood karatat qee, "[eff] kinwa tyache moolya kaay aahe, yaa bhashanachya 1980 chya aavruttit kimchya hastalikhit tippanyanmadhil prushth jyacha ullekh keela jaato tyache chhayachitra samavisht aahe; teey vakye aanee mukhya shabdanche jaating aahet, jyat chiinii varn jodalele aahet jenekarun teey adhik assal disu shaktil". tyachpramane, kimche bhashan lihinyache chitra prakashit karnyat aale hote, parantu myerschya matey "heey hetch bhashan hote yaa mathalachya davyavar vishvas thevanyache konatehi kaaran nahee".
bhashanachya yaa bhagacha aashay kimcha dakshin koriyache rajya nasht karnyacha hetu spasht karato. kiim mhanatat qee itihaskaranni gwangju vidyarthi swatantrya chalval aanee 10 junachya chalvalisarkhya corian pratikar chalvalincha abhyas keela pahije. uttar koriyachya itihaslekhanane keval kiim ill singchya koriyachya muktit atishayoktipurna bhoomikecha abhyas karnyavar laksh kendrit kelyamule heey mothya pramanat ghadale nahee.
parinam aanee mahatva.
bhashan lagech prakashit jhaale nahee. samkalin vruttapatranmadhye tyache kahee sandarbh denyat aale hote, parantu heey ullekh aspasht hote. matra, teey pakshachya sadasyanna vitarit karnyat aale. 1960 paryant kimchya corian bhashetil 'nivadalelya kamanchya' ('sonjip') chauthya khandat too prakashit jhaala navhata. kulloja' yaa niyatkalikatil khandachya jahiratinmadhye, saat vaiyaktik kaame kalkramanusar thalakpane dakhavanyat aalee hotee aanee 'juche' heey bhashan shevati aale, jeey soochit karate qee teey tyaa velee itake mahattvache manale jaat navhate.
1960 chya dashakat ingraji vidvattapoorn granthanmadhye haah shabd anuvadit naan kelela aanee capitalised ("juche") disu lagla. myerschya matey, aalashi (gair-) anuvadamule majkuratoon 'juche' baher padale aanee teey samanya shabdapeksha mool kalpanesarkhe vatale.
uttar koriyachya itihasat heey bhashan anekada 'nirnayak kshan' manale jaate. udaharanarth, havai vidyapithache pradhyapak day-suk suh yala kimne kelele 'kadachit sarvat mahattvache bhashan' mhanatat. paramparikpane, tyane 'juche' vichardhara suru kelyache disun yete. jeey yaa vyakhyeshi asahmat aahet, tyanchyat myerscha samavesh aahe. tyachpramane, alzo david-west 1955 madhye 'juche' laa keval eka rajkiy ghoshana mhanato, vichardhara nahee. david-westchya matey, bhashanane itaki vichardhara suru kelee nahee qee tee junya, rashtriy stalinavadakade parat yenyache samarthan karate. bhashanat uttar koriyachya rashtriy hitsambandhanna pradhanya dile gele, jeey uttar koriyachya 'eka deshat samajvad' yaa stallinwadi dhoranachya anuroop hote."myers 1960 paryant kimchya likhanatil" "juche" "vareel sahityachya kamataratekade drushtis padatat, jeey vichardharechya kshullakateche lakshan aahe". suhchya matey, heey samarik sthitidvare spasht kele jaau shakate. sino-soviet vibhajanamadhye nirnayak bajoo naan gheta kiim 'juche' varr jore deu shakala nahee. tyane chinala pathimba denyas suruvat kelyanantar aanee soviet sanghane pratyuttar dilyanantar, kiim punha 'juche' baddal bolu shakala. parinami, uttar koriyachya pracharkartyanna 'juche' hii eka purn vichardhara vikasit karavi lagali. visheshtah, pashchatya shikshantadnya matey bhashanacha punha shodh lavnyache aanee 'juche' yaa sankalpanecha vistar karnyache shrey hwang jung-yopala detat. juche" chya vaicharik aashayavar spashtikaran denare kimche tyanantarche pahile bhashan 1965 paryant navhate. lankovchya matey, keval hetch "pahile juche bhashan mhanoon pahile jaau shakate", asey jodat, "1955 chya vidhanat haah shabd vegalya arthane vaparla gela". kiim ill sing vidyapithat hwangchya antargat shikshan ghetalele kiim jong ill lavkarach 'juche' chey mukhya adhikrut vicharvant banale aanee hii vichardhara vanshavadachya uttaradhikarasaha jodali gelee.
myerschya matey, matey bhashanache mahatva keval purvalakshi aanee chukichya paddhatine lagoo kele gele aahe. too adhikrut marksvadi-leninist reshepasoon vichalit jhaala nahee, kinwa aata samanyatah 'juche' shhee sambandhit asalelya done pramukh vaishishtyanvar jore deela naheeh aatmanirbharta aanee rashtravad. myersna vatate qee heey bhashan marksvad-leninismchya sarjansheel vaparache aavahan darshavate jeey tyaa velee purvekadil gatamadhye samanya hote. david-west myersshee asahmat aahe aanee tyala vatate qee myers heey bhashanachya aupcharik vachanadvare tyachya nishkarshaparyant pohochale aahet (yethe 'sahityik vishleshanachi anubhavjanya paddhat [jee] moolatah aashay aanee vastavasathi swaroop ghete' mhanoon samajali jaate).
bhashananantar shuddhikaran aanee audhyogik karyakram jhaale, jyacha shevat cholima chalvalit jhaala. yamule david-westney assa nishkarsh kadhala qee kimla stalinismcha tyag karnyaivaji pathpurava karayacha hota aanee teey bhashan dii-stalinization pratikriya hotee. 1948 madhye jyaa swayatt aarthik dhorane aanee rajkiy karyakramavar dii. pii. aar. keey. rajvatichi sthapana jhaali hotee, teey sodoon naan denyache aadesh dett, teey pudhe yavar vishvas thevatat, "heey eka anivarya aanibaniche aadesh aahe"."
heey bhashan anek vela punha prakashit jhaale aahe. suhchya matey, suruvatichya aavruttyanmadhun fakt "kirkol sampadan" aahe, parantu myers 1960 nantarchya aavrutyanna "boddlerised" manatat aanee tyanni asankhya badal olakhale aahet. chiinii sudharana mohimecha anukool ullekh tyanantarchya sudharananmadhun kadhoon taknyat aala. paak yone-emm, chong taa-saan, rii qee-yong aanee hahn sorya yaa lekhakanchi navehi vagalanyat aalee.

