rajache granthalay

rajache granthalay heey dnyanachya yugatil pustake aanee patrakanchya sarvat mahattvachya sangrahanpaiki eka hote. george tisra yane ektrit kelele 65,000 peksha jaast khandanche heey vidvattapoorn granthalay tyanantar george chautha yane british rashtrala dile. 1827 teey 1997 yaa kalat british sangrahalayat vishesh bandhalelya dalanat teey thevanyat aale hote aanee aata teey british granthalayacha bhag banale aahe. rajanche granthalay' haah shabd alikadeparyant sangrahasathi bandhalelya british sangrahalayatil dalanacha sandarbh denyasathi dekhil vaparla jaat hota, jyala aata 'dnyanoday dalan' mhanatat aanee tyat dnyanoday sambandhit vividh prakarchya vastoo pradarshit kelya jaatat.
granthalayacha itihas.
george tisra yachya karkirdit.
1760 madhye george tisra raja jhaala tevha tyala konatyahi aakarache granthalay varshane midale nahee, kaaran george dusra yane teen varshanpurvi aajchya shahee hastalikhitansaha june shahee granthalay british sangrahalayala dile hote. eka vidwan manus mhanoon, george tisra yanna shikanyabaddal pramanik aadar hota, joou tyanchya earl auph beaute yaa shikshakachya prabhavakhali vikasit jhaala. raja jhalyanantar tyane patkan pramukhyane vidvattapoorn kamancha eka naveen sangrah gola karnyas suruvat kelee, joou prakalp joseph smithchya granthalay kharedisah 1762-1763 madhye utsahane suru jhaala. smith anek dashakanpasun venismadhye pustake gola karat hota, uttar italitil vividh strotankadun pustake midvat hota aanee aantarrashtriy pustak vyaparadvarehi kharedi karat hota. haah sangrah tyachya 260 inkunabulasathi ullekhaneey hota, jyat sookshm prakash aanee bandhane asalelya anek suruvatichya venesian aanee uttar italian khandancha samavesh hota. rajane smithkadoon ekoon 6,000 khand kharedi kele. heey george tisra yachya granthalayat ekatra thewale gele navhate, parantu tarihi rajachya granthapalane pratyek khandat chinhankit kelelya 'smith' yaa shabdadvare olakhale jaau shakate.
1766 purvi aanakhi mothee kharedi jhaleli disat nahee, kadachit granthalayatil karmchari smithkadoon midavalelya pustakanchya vyavasthapanamadhye vyagra hote. tathapi, 1766 pasoon rajane sangrah lakshaniyaritya vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee, tyachya urvarit karkirdit pustakanvar darvarshi sarasari £1,500 kharch kele. eka vishesh mahattvacha kaal hota hota, jevha granthalayatil granthalayatil eka asalelya fredrick augusta barnardne rajachya vatine europemadhye mothya pramanat pravas keela aanee mothya kharedi kelya. james west, anthany ascue, richard farmer aanee grimmer johnson thorkelyn yanchya granthalayanmadhun nantar mahattvapoorn adhigrahan jhaale kaaran yapaiki pratyek bajarat aale. granthalayala dilelya mahattvapoorn dengyanmadhye 1782 madhye jacob bryantne dilelya 27 inkunabulacha samavesh hota. rajachya karkirdichya shevatchya varshant pudhil padavya midvane suru rahile, jevha tyachya mansik aajaramule tyache vyavhar vishvastanni sambhalale.
granthalay ranichya gharee thevanyat aale hote, nantar nivassthanacha vistar keela gela aanee tyache naav badaloon buckingham palace asey karnyat aale. tithe chaar khas bandhalelya kholya hotya. kiman 1770 chya dashakapasun yaa parisarat pustak bandhani karnyat aalee aanee 1776 paryant bandhanigharat talgharatil paach kholya hotya. bandhanichya granthalay shailiche varnan 'chhan, parantu ativyayi nahee' asey kele jaau shakate. 1755 pasoon george tisra yane granthapal mhanoon kaam kelele richard dalton 1774 paryant sangrahasathi prabhari hote. tyanantar barnard, jeey sangrah british sangrahalayat hastantarit hoiparyant mukhya granthapal hote. sangrah jyaa prakare vikasit honar hota tyavar daltoncha konatahi motha prabhav hota heey ashakya vatate, parantu tyaa kotharane madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali, udaharanarth konati pustake kharedi karayachi yabaddal anek kinwa kadachit bahutek nirnay ghene. samuel johnsonne granthalayachya sankalan dhoranacha dekhil sallah deela. kharey vidvattapoorn hetu asalelya konasathihi heey granthalay khule hote aanee georgechya aayushyat johnn addams aanee joseph prestly tasech johnson yanni bhet dilee hotee. heey lakshat ghenyasarkhe aahe qee rajane, jyachya rajkiy aanee dharmik matanshi too asahmat hota, asha purohitansarkhya vidvananna granthalay vaparanyachi parvanagi dilee.
british sangrahalayat, 1827-1997.
1820 madhye george tisra maran pavala tevha tyachya mrutyunantar granthalayache kaay honar heey tyacha hetu hota aanee tee aata tyacha varasdar george chautha yachee vaiyaktik malmatta hotee qee mukutakade hotee heey dekhil spasht navhate. janewari 1823 madhye jevha sarkarshi kahee kaal vataghati kelyanantar, george 4 yane pantpradhan laurd liverpool yanna patra lihoon deshala granthalay deu kele tevha heey prashna sodavanyat aale. darmyanchya kalat british vruttapatranmadhye afava pasarlya hotya qee teey heey granthalay zarla vikanyacha vichar karat aahet; yaat kahee tathya aahe qee nahee heey maheet nahee. granthalay deuun, raja aarthik adchanichya velee tyachya dekhbhalicha kharch (varshala £2,000 peksha jaast) talhu shakala aanee tyachyasathi khoop mahattvacha asalela buckingham rajvadyacha punarvikas karnyasahi madat kelee. granthalay ekatra thewale pahije aanee itar konatyahi sangrahapasun vegale thewale pahije, asey tyanni spasht kele.
kahee mahinyantach sansadene british sangrahalay heey sangrahalayache naveen ghar asave yavar sahmati darshavali hotee, jaree kahee vartamanpatre aanee sarvajanik vyaktimatvanni ajunahi londonchya vegalya bhagat pustake thevanyasathi naveen granthalay sthapan karnyasathi yuktivad keela hota. sangrahasathi sangrahalayat jaaga navhati, parantu vastuvisharad robbert smirke yanni sangrahalayachya imaratinchya mahattvapoorn neoclassical vistarachya yojana aadhich tayar kelya hotya. yaa prakalpasathi paishanchya sangrahalayachya vinantyanna sarkarne kahee kaal virodh keela hota, parantu granthalayasathi yogya ghar upalabdh karoon denyachya garajecha arth assa hota qee teey aata bandhkamasathi nidhi denyas sahmat jhaale. asha prakare rajachya granthalayache aagman heey aaj aapan pahat asalelya bhavya imaratit sangrahalayachya vadhisathi eka utprerak hote. mool yojnanmadhye kahee badal karoon, smarkchya sangrahalayachya vistaracha purv bhag heey granthalayatil naveen ghar banale. 1823-7 madhye bandhalelya aanee 300 phoot (91 meater) lambichya yaa dalnala 'londonmadhil sarvat utkrusht kholyanpaiki eka' asey mhatale gele aahe.
granthalay hii sangrahalayachya pustak sankalanat eka mothee bharr hotee, jyat sadhyachya 116,000 khandanmadhye 65,000 khand jodale gele; sangrahalayacha andaj aahe qee yapaiki keval 21,000 pratikruti hotya. yashivay, rajachya granthalayachi anek takad, jase qee bhoogol, dharamshastra aanee spanish aanee italian sahitya, hii ashee kshetre hotee jyanche aataparyant sangrahalayachya pustakanmadhye farse pratinidhitva jhaale navhate. george chauthya yane granthalayatil 33 chhapil pustake swatahsathi thewali. heey bahutekatah inkunabula hote, jyat eka menz salter samavisht hote, jeey aata royal library, windsermadhye aahe, parantu tyat shakespearecha pahila folio dekhil samavisht hota. george chauthya yane done hastalikhite dekhil mage thewalih eka samuel johnsonchi, jyat andajit pustakanchya yojana aahet aanee 1776 madhye banarasmadhye banavalelya sanskratmadhil vedanchi eka prat.
1840 chya dashakat sangrahalayat vicharlelya pustakanpaiki andaje 13 takke pustake rajachya granthalayatil hotee. tyanantarchya dashakanmadhye sangrahalayacha pustak sangrah vadhalyane hii takkewari qamee jhaali, parantu rajache granthalay changlya prakare vaparale jaat rahile. 1857 pasoon, sangrahalayachya sampoorn mudrit pustakanchya sangrahatil ullekhaneey khand pradarshit karnyasathi yaa dalanacha vapar keela jaat hota. pahilya mahayuddhachya akheris, havai hallyanchya vadhatya sankhyemule sangrahalayala sarvat maulyavan pustake londonmadhun baher kadhavi lagali, jyapaiki anek velsachya rashtriy granthalayat gelee. aahet mahayuddhachya udrekachya agadi aadhi hii khabardari punha ghetali gelee. 23 september 1940 chya pahate sangrahalayavar bombney hallah keela, jyamule rajachya granthalayatil 261 kaame (368 khand) purnapane nasht jhaali aanee 11 bandhane asalelya khandanmadhil aanakhi 17 kaame gambhiraritya nasht jhaali. urvarit sangrah imaratichya surakshit bhagat halavanyat aala aanee shevati 1943 madhye londonhoon oxfordmadhil bodlian granthalayat halavanyat aala. gallerychi durustiche kaam shevati 1950-1951 madhye karnyat aale.
british granthalayat, 1997 teey sadhya.
1970 chya dashakat sangrahalayacha pustak sangrah navyane sthapan jhalelya british granthalayat halavanyachi tayari suru jhaali. rajache granthalay jethe hote tethech rahile pahije assa yuktivad sangrahalayachya vishvastanni keela, parantu naveen sansthet tyache hastantaran rokhanyat teey ayashasvi tharale. haah sangrah aata british granthalayatil praveshdvaratil sahaa majali kaach aanee kansya rachana asalelya rajachya granthalay granthalay thevanyat aala aahe; yaa yaa rachana visheshtah imaratiche vastuvisharad collin seent johnn willson yanni kelee hotee aanee tyat thomas grainville sangrah dekhil aahe. sangrahatil vastoo janatechya vachanasathi upalabdh rahatat. british sangrahalayatil sangrahatil june ghar, jeey 2000-2003 madhye punarsthapit karnyat aale aahe, teey aata dnyanoday gallery mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee tyat dnyanachya yugabaddalache kayamswarupi pradarshan aahe, jeey 2003 madhye sangrahalayacha 250 vaa vardhapan deane sajra karnyasathi ughadale gele.
granthalayachi vyapti.
durmil khandancha kinwa bareek bandhanancha sangrah karnyaivaji, george tisra yacha granthalay haah vidvanansathi eka sarvasamaveshak srot bananyacha hetu hota, yavar itihaskar sahmat aahet. aahet shabdant, heey eka pradarshan nasoon karyarat granthalay hote, jaree tyat kahee ullekhaneey durmil goshti hotya. yamadhye gutenberg baibal aanee anek ingraji inkunabula yancha samavesh aahe, jyat caxtonchya 'daad canterbury tails' chya pahilya aavruttichya praticha samavesh aahe. thorkelinchya granthalay kharedicha arth assa hota qee scandinavian bhasha aanee sahityavaril 2,000 hoon adhik kamancha ullekhaneey sangrah hota. yaa sangrahat shakespearechya pahilya chaar foliojachahi samavesh aahe.
granthalayachi sarvat junie dnyat soochi 1769 madhye sankalit karnyat aalee hotee. lekhakane aayojit kelelya kamanchi soochi, 'bibliotheke regia catalog', 1820 teey 1829 darmyan paach khandanmadhye prakashit karnyat aalee hotee, jyachya sankalanachi dekhrekh barnard karat hota. hastalikhit vishay soochi dekhil astitvat aahe; yaa vishay soochivar kaam 1790 chya dashakat suru jhaale asave aanee tyanantarchya anek dashakanmadhye teey adyayavat thewale gele. granthalay british sangrahalayat halavalyanantar prathamach granthalayachya patrakanchi yadee tayar karnyat aalee.
1769 madhye granthalayat 19,500 khandanmadhye 11,200 mudrit shirshake hotee. 1827 madhye british sangrahalayat pochanyaparyant teey 65,000 mudrit khandanparyant vadhale hote, tasech 17,500 patrake aanee 446 hastalikhite; hastalikhite pramukhyane george 3 chya karkirditil aahet aanee kahee vishisht lakshaniy aahet.
vishay soochichya vishleshanavarun asey disun yete qee granthalayatil 1820 44% shirshakanpaiki 16 takke shirshake itihasashi sambandhit hotee aanee 16 takke sahitya vividh prakarche hote. vishayanchi vistrut shreni qamee sankhyetil kamanni darshavili hotee. alikadil sahityache visheshtah changle pratinidhitva kele gele nahee, udaharanarth, jaine austen yanchya konatyahi granthanchi yadee karnyat aaleli nahee. asey disate qee granthalay dhoran keval keval gola karnyasathi hote jevha heey spasht jhaale qee sambandhit lekhakane shashvat aanee sakaratmak pratishtha midavali aahe. baybalachya 260 aavrutya samavisht karnyat aalya aanee itar european deshantil kamanche changle pratinidhitva karnyat aale. udaharanarth, itihasachi 57 takke shirshake brittenbaher prakashit jhaali hotee. itar sangrahanmadhun granthalay soochichi changli nivad aanee sansadechya adhikrut prakashananchi chaal hotee. atharavya shatkatil granthalayasathi vartamanpatre gola kelee jaat nasali taree niyatkalikanchi nivad vilakshan changli hotee.

