mishigan bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan

mishigan bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan hii yuu. ess. chee eka vaidnyanik sanstha aahe.ess. mishiganachi sthitee. mishiganache rajya bhuvaidnyanik yaa sarvekshanache netrutva karatat.
heey sarvekshan teen vaiyaktik sarvekshananni banalele aaheh pahile 1837 teey 1845, dusare 1859 teey 1862 aanee tisare 1869 teey aataparyant. tyaa kalat bahutansh sarvekshan heey rajya sarkarcha vibhag rahile aahe. tathapi, 2011 pasoon heey sarvekshan western mishigan vidyapithatil bhuvidnyan vibhagadvare prashasit kele jaat aahe.
itihas.
pahile aanee dusare bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan.
26 janewari 1837 roji mishiganala rajya mhanoon manyata denyat aalee. tyach divashi, mishiganache bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan karnyasathi rajya vidhimandalat eka vidheyak mandanyat aale aanee tyala manjuri denyat aalee. dow. sarvekshan tayar aanee niyojit tapas douglus hugtonne tyachi nirmiti aanee nidhi manjur karnyasathi aamdaranna patvoon dile. rajyachya bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanasathi tartud karnara kayada" yaa shirshakachya vidheykavar rajyapal stevens tii. yanni yanni karoon kayadyat rupantar kele. 23 februwari roji rajmistri, rajyachya pahilya bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanala suruvat karat aahe. sarvekshan tayar karnyachya tyanchya prayatnanmule, hotton yanna pahile rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon naav denyat aale. sarvekshanatil pranishastriy aanee vanaspatishastriy pailunsathi abram segger yanchi hottonche sahayyak mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. yaa sarvekshanasathi pahilya varshasathi 3000 dollarchi tartud karnyat aalee hotee. bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan sthapan karnyasathi prerak ghatak pramukhyane mithacha puravatha surakshit karane haah hota. rajyavishayichya nakaratmak dharana door karnyat madat karane aanee varchya dweepkalpatil tambyachya sansadhanancha tapas karane hii qamee karane hotee. heey sarvekshan chaar varshant purn hone apekshit hote, asey siddha jhaale, matra sampoorn rajyachya yogya sarvekshanala barach vel lagel heey lavkarach lakshat aale.
march 1838 madhye, sarvekshan chaar vibhaganmadhye vibhagale geleh bhoogarbhiy aanee khanijashastra, pranishastra, vanaspatishastra aanee bhaugolik. pratyek vibhagache netrutva rajya bhuvaidnyanikanchya nirdeshanusar eka tadnya karat asey. 1840 madhye, vidhimandalane sarvekshanatil vanaspatishastriy aanee pranishastriy pailu radd kele. teey rajyala qamee laabh dett asalyache manale jaat hote, jyane teey rahilelya hottonchya nishedhavar varchasva gajavale. 1845 madhye, hotton superior talavavar pravas karat asatana eka vadalane tyachi boat ulatavali aanee too budala. yaa ghatanenantar sarvekshan sthagit karnyat aale, jaree hottoncha sahayyak aanee aanakhi eka sarvekshakane superior talavachya dakshin dakshin khanijashastriy sathyancha nakasha tayar karane suru thewale.
thewale dashakachya uttaradhat, mishigan vidhimandalala rajyachya meeth sansadhananchi adhik chaukashi karnyasathi vividh hitsambandhankadun yachika prapt jhalya, jyamule 15 februwari 1859 roji dusare bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan sthapan jhaale. dow. mishigan vidyapithachya alekzandar winchell yanna 9 march roji rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. winchell yanni 1859 teey 1862 yaa kalat tyancha barachsa vel maidani kaam karnyat ghalavala jyacha nishkarsh ekach sarvasamaveshak ahavalat nighala. tyanchya ahavalat rajyachya bhoogarbhashastrache samanya varnan aanee khalchya dweepkalpatil kolasa, gypsum aanee meeth aanee varchya dweepkalpatil loh yasah aarthik swarasya asalelya kahee khanij sansadhananche adhik tapshilvar varnan samavisht hote. 1863 madhye vidhimandalane sarvekshanasathi pudhil nidhi manjur keela nahee, kaaran rajya khajina american gruhyuddhasathi nidhi puravanyasathi samarpit hota. rajya vidhimandalachya sanyukt tharavadvare 7 march 1863 roji sarvekshan adhikrutpane sampushtat aale.
tisare bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan.
1869 teey 1920.
1869 paryant bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan punha suru karnyasathi vyapak sarvajanik pathimba hota aanee marchmadhye kayada manjur karnyat aala. heey sarvekshan adhikrutpane mishigan bhoogarbhiy aanee jaivik sarvekshan mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. rajyapal, sarvajanik shikshan adhikshak aanee rajya shikshan mandalache adhyaksh yancha samavesh asalelya vibhagachya dekharekhisathi bhuvaidnyanik sarvekshan mandalachi sthapana karnyat aalee. mageel done sarvekshananpramane, vanaspatishastriy aanee pranishastriy tapasanya samavisht kelya gelya naheet. 24 april roji, winchell yanchi rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon punha niyukti karnyat aalee. yaveli sarvekshanasathichya dishababatchya vinchelchya kalpana mandalachya kalpananshi visangat hotya. vinshelala khalchya dweepkalpachya vidvattapoorn tapasavar laksh kendrit karayache hote, parantu mandalala sarvekshanane varchya dweepkalpatil tambe aanee loh sansadhananvar laksh kendrit karave asey vatat hote. pratisad mhanoon, mandalane market loh shreni aanee tambyachya deshache swatantra sarvekshan karnyache karar kele. varanvar varanvar vadavivad aanee rajkiy antargat sangharshamule, april 1871 madhye winchell yanni rajinama deela.
dow. vinchelchya jaagi carl romingerla sthan denyat aale. romingerne 1872 teey 1876 paryant "vyavharikdrushtya ektyane" kaam kele, pramukhyane jivashma pravalancha tapas karnyavar aanee khalchya dweepkalpatil mishigan mishigan bhoogarbhiy sanrachanevar laksh kendrit kele. varchya dweepkalpatil aarthik sansadhanancha tapas tapas swatantra kantratdarannahi tyanni pathimba deela. meey 1885 madhye charles eae. rait, joou purvi rajyache khanij sankhyiki aayukt hota, too romingerchya jaagi aala. too pramukhyane varchya dweepkalpatil bhaugolik ghatananche bhaugolik nakashe aanee rekhachitre kadhanyat guntalela hota. march 1888 madhye raitchya mrutyunantar, marshman edward wadsworth yanchi rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. wadsworthchya netrutvakhali, sarvekshanane mishigan khaan shalet swatachi karyalaye midavali, jee purvi khajgi karyalaye kinwa vividh bhoogarbhshastradnyanchya gharanvar avalambun hotee. mishigan bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan aarthik bhoogarbhshastravar laksh kendrit karoo shakel mhanoon, wadsworthney paleantology aanee itar bigger-aarthik vaidnyanik vishayanchya abhyasachi jababdari swikaranyasathi united states bhoogarbhiy sarvekshanasathi vyavastha kelee.
1891 teey 1892 chya mandalane vidhimandalala anek badalanchi shifaras kelee. yamadhye khanij sankhyiki karyalayacha samavesh sarvekshanat karane, langingmadhil karyalaye tabyat ghene aanee rajya vidyapithanpasun swatantra asalelya aanee sarvekshanasathi aapala sampoorn vel samarpit karoo karoo bhoogarbhashastradnyanchi nemanook karane yancha samavesh hota. 1893 madhye, wadsworthla yaa hetunchi jaaniv jhaali aanee jarr tyala darvarshi $4,000 paryant vaadh dilee gelee tarr tyane mishigan khaan shaletoon rajinama denyacha prastav deela. tyacha prastav nakarla gela aanee wadsworthney rajinama deela.
dow. lucius lii hubbard yanchi 1 julai 1893 roji rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, jyat dow. alfried church laine heey sahayyak rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon. yaa doghanni prakashit kelele sanshodhan parinam, varchya dweepkalpatil tambyache sathe, meeth aanee jipsamche sathe aanee varchya dweepkalpatil petroleum sansadhananche dastaivajikaran, bhavishyatil bhoogarbhshastradnyansathi prasiddha sandarbh sadhane bunley. hubbardchya karyakalat sarvekshanane mishigan khaan shaala aanee mishigan vidyapithasobatche tyache urvarit sambandh sampushtat aanale, kaaran heey sambandh "[vidyapithansathi] fayadeshir, parantu sarvekshanasathi hanikarak" manale jaat hote. hubbardney 1899 madhye rajinama deela aanee eprilmadhye laine rajya bhuvaidnyanik bunley. lenane sarvekshanache mukhyalay hautanhoon lancingkade halavale. tyanchya karyakalat, vidhimandalane pranishastra aanee jaivik abhyasasathi nidhi punha suru keela aanee pahile bhaugolik sarvekshan suru karnyat aale. 1909 madhye, lenane tufts mahavidhyalayat pradhyapakpad swikaranyasathi rajinama deela aanee tyanantar roland see. septembermadhye elon.
allon rajya bhuvaidnyanik jhaale tyaa sumaras, sarvekshanane khanij sankhyiki aayuktanchya aayuktanchya swikarlya, jyat rajyachya dhatoo aanee dhatoo-nasalelya khanijanvar ahwal tayar karane aanee loh khaninche varshik moolyankan karane samavisht hote. pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan nidhi aanee kamgaranchya abhavamule sarvekshanane tyache kriyakalap lakshaniyaritya qamee kele, parantu tyache bhaugolik sanshodhan chaloo thewale, parinami ohayo-mishigan seema sthalantarit jhaali aanee chinhankit jhaali. 1919 madhye, elon aanee tyacha sahayyak, richard aii. yanni rajinama deela. smith heey rajya bhuvaidnyanik banale. 1920 madhye, yaa sarvekshanachi jababdari navyane tayar kelelya mishigan sanwardhan vibhagakade hastantarit karnyat aalee. tathapi, sarvekshanatil bhaugolik ghatak rajyachya itar vibhaganmadhye hastantarit karnyat aale.
1920 teey sadhya.
26 varshannantar, 1946 madhye smith, aataparyant sarvadhik kaal seva denare rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon nivrutt jhaale. dow. gerald eae. edee smithchya jaagi aala aanee 1951 paryant rahila. tyachya nantar franklin jee. 1951 teey 1952 paryant kshama. william ell. 1954 paryant karyavahak rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon aanee 1964 paryant rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon doust tyanchya jaagi aale. sanwardhan vibhagache sanchalak mhanoon baaraa varshannantar, edee yanchi 1964 madhye rajya bhuvaidnyanik mhanoon punha niyukti karnyat aalee. 1968 madhye, naisargik sansadhanancha mishigan vibhag tayar karnyat aala, jyamadhye sarvekshan hastantarit karnyat aale, jyane tyache naav bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan vibhag mhanoon kayam thewale.
edinantar arther eae. aala. 1971 madhye kattal. aar. tyanantar 1981 madhye thomas segalane 1996 paryant seva dilee. 1995 madhye, mishigan paryavaran gunavatta vibhag tayar karnyat aala, jyane sarvekshan haatee ghetale. 1996 madhye, harrold aar. fitch rajya bhuvaidnyanik banala. 2002 aanee 2004 madhye yaa sarvekshanala anukrame bhoogarbhiy aanee bhoo vyavasthapan vibhag aanee bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan karyalay asey naav denyat aale.
2010 madhye, fitchne sarvekshanachi gair-niyamak karye swikaranyasathi western mishigan universityshi (doubleu. emm. yuu.) charcha suru kelee. nidhitil kapat hii sarvhechya konatyahi gair-niyamak kartavye paar padnyachya kshamatevar maryada aanat hotee, tyamule tyamule sansthet hastantaran kelyane tyanchi kamgiri houu shakel. aktoobar 2011 madhye heey sarvekshan western mishigan vidyapithachya bhuvidnyan vibhagakade hastantarit karnyat aale. doubleu. emm. yuu. chey pradhyapak alaan eae. tyanantar kehu yanchi sarvekshanachya sanchalakpadi niyukti karnyat aalee. 2013 madhye, johnn aii. yelik yanchi sarvekshanachya sanchalakpadi niyukti karnyat aalee.

