
mikhail lifeshitz

mikhail alexandrovich lifeshitz (; 23 julai 1905 roji melitopolmadhye (torrida governorate, aata ukraineche zaporizazia oblast)-20 september 1983 roji moscomadhye) haah eka soviet marxian sahityik samikshak aanee qalaa tatvadnya hota, jyachi purvichya soviet unionmadhye pradirgh aanee vadgrast karkird hotee. 1930 chya dashakat, gyorjee lucaxcha jawalcha sahkari asatana tyane saundaryashastravaril marksvadi drushtikonanvar jordar prabhav padala. tyanni kalechya bhoomikevar suruvatichya marksvadi sahityache mahattvache sankalan dekhil prakashit kele. 1975 madhye teey yuu. ess. ess. aar. qalaa akadamiche purn sadasya mhanoon nivadle gele.
charitra.
23 julai 1905 roji melitopol yaa tatkalin shahee rashiyacha bhag asalelya crimean shaharat janmalelya lifeshitzney 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila moscotil vakhutemas (uchch qalaa aanee tantrik studio) yethe qalaa vidyarthi mhanoon uchch shikshan suru kele, jeey tevha aadhunikateche kendra hote.
tyanni 1925 madhye tyanche shikshan tethech sampavale kaaran teey tyanchya aadhuniktavadi prashikshakanshi asahmat hote. tyaeivaji, tyanna tethe adhyapanache padd denyat aale; kalakaranna marksvadi tattvadnyan shikavane heey tyanche kaam hote.
tyanni moolbhut marksvadi drushtikonatun saundaryache vishleshan kele. tyachya kalpana vakhutemas yethe vadgrast tharalya, tyamule tyala 1930 madhye baher padave lagale. tyaeivaji tyala moscochya marks-engels sansthet nokarichi aupher denyat aalee, jithe tyane mahan marksvadi tatvadnyani gyorjee lucaxashi kamache sambandh vikasit kele. marksvadi saundaryashastravaril lifeshitzchya drushtikonatun prabhavit asalyache swatah lucax yanni manya kele.
1933 pasoon tyanni moscochya eka prabhavshali masik 'daad literary critic' chey ('literterni critic') sampadan kele, jyanantar jagbharatil marksvadi qalaa siddhantkaranni soviet sarkarne prakashit kelelya vividh anuvadandvare tyache sampadan kele.
mahattvapoorn yogdankartyanmadhye lekhak andrei platonov heey hote, jeey soviet kalatil kalpanik kathanche sarvat manoranjak lekhak hote, jyanna anekada soviet kafka tasech gyorjee lucaux mhanoon sambodhale jaate.
1938 madhye lifeshitzchya 'daad philosophy auph aart auph carl marks' yaa granthache ingerjit bhashantar karnyat aale. literature andd marxismah aaa coffruid buy soviet critics' (1938) yaa prabhavshali pustakat dekhil tyanche kaam thalakpane dakhavale gele. stallin kalat lifeshitz heey eka pramukh sahityik samikshak manale jaat hote.
soviet sanghachya nazi aakramananantar, lifeshitzney laal sainyatil svayamsevak mhanoon dusya mahayuddhat pravesh keela.
suruvatila, tyane kahee gambhir ladhai pahili. tyachya tukadila german sainyane vedha ghatala hota aanee tyala aaghadichya reshetoon parat pall kadhave lagale. nantar tyanni lashkari prakashananmadhye patrakar mhanoon kaam kele. tyanchya sevesathi tyanna puraskar midale.
yuddhanantarchi karkird.
yuddhanantarchi tyanchi samikshak mhanoonchi karkird mothya vadanni bharali hotee. stallinchya shevatchya varshant, eka jyoo mhanoon, 'sarvadeshivadavirodhatil mohimecha' bhag mhanoon tyachyavar hallah karnyat aala. 
1953 madhye stallinchya mrutyunantar, lifeshitz punha sankatat hota. 1954 madhye tyanni prakashit kelelya eka patrakat lekhak marietta shaginiyanvar teeka kelee hotee, jyamule aata junya stalinavadyanna naraji vatali aanee soviet bauddhik jivanatil prasthapit vyaktincha santap usalala. prasarmadhyamandhye tyanchyavar tivra teeka jhaali aanee tyanna nokri nakarnyat aalee. 
kahee strotannusar, tyaa tappyavar tyanna communist pakshatoon kadhoon taknyat aale. tarihi tyala kadachit sadasya mhanoon kathorpane manjur karnyat aale hote, jeey hakalpattichya agadi jawal aale hote.
1956 madhye adhikrutpane dii-stalinization suru jhalyanantar tyanche jeevan sudharle aanee tyanchyavarche nirbandh haloohaloo uthavanyat aale. tyanchya anek kalakruti punha prakashit jhalya. 
tyach kalavadhichi chaukat hii soviet tatvadnyani evald ileankovsobatchya lifeshitzchya sahkaryacha kaal dekhil hota.
ileankovche tatvadnyan.
...eka mahattvachya (aanee aata jawaljawal visarlya gelelya) kshetrat jivanshaileshi samya hoteh darshanshastra, sanskruti (qalaa, sahitya, sangeet aanee itar) aanee naveen manushyachya 'samyavadi aadarsh' yanchyatil sambandh, jeey yenanya rajkiy-aarthik badalanchya parinami tayar jhaale...
1960 chya dashkatil lifeshitzchi tikancha mukhya uddesh kalanmadhil aadhuniktavadi chalval hotee. rajkiyadrushtya, soviet vyavasthevar teeka karoonahi, lifeshitz marksvadi-leninist samajvadache prabal samarthak rahile.
1963 madhye lifeshitzney vadgrast lekh lihila, "mea aadhuniktavadi qaa nahee?"jithe tyanni samajvadi vastavadacha bachav keela, jyane tyaa kalatil anek aadhuniktavadi naraj kele. 1968 madhye tyachya 'daad crisis auph kurupata' yaa sankalanat tyacha samavesh karnyat aala hota, jyat tyane cubism aanee popp-artwar teeka kelee hotee.
1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila, lifeshitzney tevhache eka prarambhik lekhak elexander solzhenitsyn yanna lakshaniy pathimba deela.
1961 madhye alekzandar solzhenitsinane alekzandar twardowskishy tyachya aata prasiddha asalelya 'vann day inn life auph ivan denisovic' chya prakashanabaddal sampark sadhala... twardowskine solzhenitsinache hastalikhit tyachya sarvat junya aanee sarvat vishvasoo mitranpaiki eka asalelya mikhail lifeshitzla pathavale. heey kaam prakashit naan karane haah gunha tharel', assa lifeshitzcha ahwal spasht hota.
tarihi nantar solzhenitsyn tyachyabaddalachya tippanyanmadhye dayalu navhata.
suruvatichya kalat, aadhuniktavadi kalevareel tyanchya tikanmule mukhya pravahatil soviet vruttapatranmadhye lifeshitzwar hallah jhaala; tyanchya karkirdichya akheris tyanna mukhya pravahane sanmanit kele aanee tarihi soviet gair-anuroop kalakaranni tyanna jordar napsant kele.
soviet unionmadhil sarvat pratishthit shaikshanik kalatmak sanstha, yu. ess. ess. aar. academy auph artscha purn sadasya mhanoon nivadoon aalyanantar aath varshanni 28 september 1983 roji mosco yethe lifeshitz yanche nidhan jhaale.
tyanchya bahutek kamanche bhashantar jhalele nahee. saundaryashastravaril eka pustak, 'daad philosophy auph aart auph carl marks', 1938 madhye ingraji anuvadat prakashit jhaale aanee 1980 madhye punha prakashit jhaale.
1990 chya dashakapasun, lifeshitzney rashiyatil rashtravadi vartulanmadhye naveen lokpriyata midavali, jeey 'pashchatya aadhuniktavadi qalaa' aanee paramparik kalechya tyachya samarthanabaddalchya tyachya tikela daad detat. tyanchya kalakruti punha prakashit kelya jaat aahet.
yogdan.
lifeshitzcha saundaryashastravaril marks aanee engelschya drushtikonacha sangrah-'marks aanee engels aun aart' haah 1933 madhye (1938 chee vistarit aavrutti dekhil) asha prakarcha pahila sangrah mhanoon prakashit jhaala. 1948 madhye german bhashetahi teey prakashit jhaale.
1938 madhye, tyanni saundaryashastravaril leninachya drushtikonacha asach eka sangrah prakashit keela, jyache naav 'sanskruti aanee qalaa yavar lenin' asey hote.
1926-1940 madhye, lifeshitzney giambattista viko, johann joachim winkelman, francesco guciardini, balzack, hegel aanee pushkin yasarkhya vividh adhikanyanna samarpit kelelya mothya sankhyene kaame dekhil prakashit kelee.