
edward balfour

edward green balfour (6 september 1813-8 december 1889) heey scottish shalyachikitsak, prachyashastradnya aanee bharatatil agraganya paryavaranvadi hote. tyanni madras aanee bengaluru yethe sangrahalaye sthapan kelee, madrasmadhil prani udyan aanee bharatatil vann sanwardhan aanee sarvajanik aarogyavishayi jagrukta vadhavanyat tyanchi mahattvachi bhoomika hotee. tyanni 'cyclopedia auph india' prakashit keela, jyachya anek aavrutya 1857 nantar prakashit jhalya, aarogyavaril kamanche bharatiy bhashanmadhye bhashantar kele aanee vividh vishayanvar lihile.
jeevan aanee karkird.
balforecha janm angus, montrose yethe jhaala, joou east india companychya sagari sevecha capton george balfour aanee susanne humey (kattarpanthi emm. pii. joseph humechi baheen) yancha dusra mulga hota. surr george balfour (1809-1894) haah tyacha motha bhau hota, joou nantar kinkardinesayarcha udarmatvadi khasdar jhaala. edinberg vidyapithat shastrakriyecha abhyas karnyapurvi tyanche shikshan montrose akadamimadhye jhaale aanee 1833 madhye edinbergchya royal college auph sarjanmadhye tyanna pravesh midala. eka kautumbik mitrane bharatatil madras vaidyakeey sevet sahayyak shalyachikitsak mhanoon tyanchya niyuktichi vyavastha kelee aanee 1834 madhye teey bharatasathi ravana jhaale. vatet tyanni mauritiousla bhet dilee, jithe tyanni paryavaraniy vinash pahila, jyabaddal tyanni bernardine dii seent-piyare aanee jeane-baptist bausingault yanchya granthanmadhye vachale hote. yamule hawaman badal aanee paryavaraniy samasyanmadhye aajivan ruchi nirman jhaali.
1836 madhye bharatat aalyanantar teey sahayyak shalyachikitsak mhanoon european regimentmadhye ruju jhaale. 1862 paryant teey european aanee sthanik tofkhana, sthanik ghodadal, madarse aanee bombay payadal vibhaganche vaidyakeey prabhari hote. tyanni ahmednagar aanee bellery yethe karmchari-shalyachikitsak mhanoon kaam kele aanee 1850 madhye tyanni cheppock yethe sarkari pratinidhi mhanoon kaam kele aanee karnatak pagarachya vyavharat teey vetandar hote. visheshtah hindi aanee nantar pertian bhashanmadhil tyanchya kshamatemule tyanchi shipai regimentmadhye badali honyas madat jhaali. yamule tyanna chhotya bhagat tainat karnyat aale aanee tyanni pudhil daha varshe dakshin bharatat firanyat ghalavali. sarkar anekada 'hindustani' aanee 'pertian' chaa anuvadak mhanoon tyachi magani karat asey.
1848 madhye balfour madrasla paratala aanee tyala rajyapalanchya angarakshakacha vaidyakeey karyabhar denyat aala. yamule tyanna lekhan aanee itar aavadinivadisathi adhik vel midala aanee tyanni karnatakchya navabanchya darbarat pratinidhi mhanoon atirikt niyuktya dekhil swikarlya. 1858 teey 1861 paryant tyanni navabanchya karjachi chaukashi karnyasathi eka aayogavar kaam kele. 1850 madhye tyanni madarsa taksalamadhye sahayyak parikshan shikshak mhanoonahi kaam kele.
1852 madhye teey purn shalyachikitsak jhaale aanee 24 meey roji tyanni madras yetheel sahkari shalyachikitsakachi mulgi marrian matilda agness gilchrist hichyashi vivah keela. tyanni berma aanee samudradhuni vasahati, andaman aanee mysur vibhagat up shalyachikitsak-general mhanoon kaam kele. 1871 teey 1876 paryant teey shalyachikitsak-general hote aanee madras vaidyakeey vibhagache pramukh hote. balforchi patni, marrian, balforechya vishvakoshala purava-vachan karnyat madat karel. vayachya satvya varshi marrian sentala gela hota. helenamadhye teela nepoliyancha mrutdeh disala. edward yaa mulache 28 march 1864 roji bellery yethe balpanatach nidhan jhaale.
paryavaran aanee aarogya.
balforene maurishasmadhye paryavaraniy nuksan pahile hote aanee tyala havamanachya manvi aarogyavar honanya parinamanmadhye rus hota. tyanchya pravasadarmyan tyanni aarogya aanee paryavaraniy samasyanchi mahitee gola kelee. 1845 madhye tyanni 'sainya tayar karnyasathi aanee tyanna vegvegalya havamanat aanee parisarat nirogi thevanyasathi sankhyikeey mahitee' aanee 'sainikanchya chhavanisathi nirogi thikane nivadoon tyanche aarogya rakhanyachya sadhananvaril nirikshane' yaa shirshakacha ahwal prakashit keela aanee yamule teey sarvajanik aarogyavar adhikari banale. 1849 madhye tyanni madarsa journal auph literature andd science, 1840 madhye 'zadandware deshachya havamanavar jhalelya prabhavavar' lihile, jeey 1849 madhye punarmudran karnyat aale. samasyancha abhyas karnyasathi aanee tyavar upay suchavanyasathi vastavik mahiticha vapar karoon tyanni 'patakichi aakadevari' aanee 'madarsa sainyatil sthanik sainikanna paach varshant 1842-3 teey 1846-7 (1850) paryant jyaa karanansathi sevetoon sodanyat aale hote, asha tippanya asha krutee lihilya. edinbergmadhil vaidyakeey prashikshanat manvi aarogyamadhye panyachya mahattvavar bharr denyat aala hota. paanee purvathyat maryadit asalyane hii sarvajanik aarogyachi samasya asalyache balforene olakhale. maurishuschya anubhavachya aadhare tyanni jangaltodimule dushkal padanyachi shakyata vartavali aanee paanee aanee jungle aachchadan yanchyatil sambandhambaddal "paus prerit karnyasathi aanee aadrata rakhanyasathi zadanni kelelya prabhavavaril nondi" (madras journal auph literature andd science 15 (1849): 402-448) tasech dushkal aayogala ("bharatiy dweepkalpachya havamanavar aanee utpadaktevar zadanni kelela prabhav") ahavalat lihile. dushkal aayog 4.). east india companyne tyachya ishanyankade laksh dile aanee 1840 nantar lagechach vann sanwardhan yojana haatee ghetalya. hyamule aanee hyu francis clagornchya itar ahavalanmule laurd dalhousivar prabhav padala aanee madras vann vibhagachya sthapanes karanibhoot tharale. jangaltodimule jhalelya hawaman badalavar britainmadhyehi vadavivad jhaala, jithe edwardcha bhau curnell george balfour yane sanvardhanachya upayayojanansathi lobbing kele, tarr david livingstonsarkhya itaranni asey suchavale qee pavasachi ghat hii bhoogarbhiy badalanshi sambandhit hotee.
sankhyikeey drushtikon.
sainikanchya aarogyachya sthiticha abhyas karnyasathi balforene mothya pramanavar aakadevaricha vapar keela. tyanche kaka joseph humey yanni londonchya sankhyikeey societyla vachalelya aarogyachya samasyanchya abhyasat, manavane naveen havamanashi julavun ghetale haah vishvas tyanni fetalala aanee asey suchavale qee vividh vanshanmadhye hawaman aanee rogaprati vegvegali sahishnuta asate. tyachya aakadevarichya aadhare, tyane dakhavun dile qee bharatachya dongaranmadhye europeey lokanni changli kamgiri kelee.
tyanni sangrahalayatil abhyagatanchya kaljipurvak nondi thevalya aanee jiwant orangutan namunyane mothya sankhyene gardi kashee aakarshit kelee yachee nond ghetali. yamule pranishastriy udyanachya tyanchya yojanela pathimba vadhala aanee jevha tee sthapan jhaali tevha tyanni nondavale qee tee british sangrahalay, rajpratinidhi udyan aanee kyu udyananpeksha adhik lokanna ekatra aakarshit karate.
mahilanchi bhoomika.
sarvajanik aarogyachya babinmadhye mahilanche mahatva olakhoon tyanni vaiyaktikaritya dow. jeey. tii. vijayasathichi 'suinichya ruparesha' urdumadhye aanee kannad, tamil aanee telugumadhye anuvadanchi vyavastha kelee. kannad aavruttichya prastavnet tyanni namood kele qee bhashantar karananya konasathihi tyanni bakshise deu kelee aanee kannadavyatirikt telegu, tamil bhashetahi tyanchi kaame prakashit jhaali hotee, parantu yaa granthache malayalammadhye bhashantar karnyasathi adyap konee sapadale nahee. sthanik vaidyakeey vidyarthyansathi pathyapustak upalabdh karoon dene; sthanik suininchi pratha sudharane; aanee bharatatil vidwan purushanna, naisargik shramanmadhye asatana aanee majur katheen asatana mahilanna madat karnyasathi europemadhil lock jyaa paddhati avalambatat, tyaa kalavane heey tyanche uddisht asalyache tyanni namood kele."tyanni tamil, telegu aanee malayalam bhashanmadhye vaidyakeey shikshan suru karnyasathi sarkarvar prabhav padanyacha prayatna keela, parantu teey ayashasvi tharale. bharatiy samajatil kahee ghatakanmadhye mahila adhik muktapane firu shakatat assa tyancha vishvas asalyane tyanni european mahilanna bharatatil vaidyakeey sevet pravesh karnyas protsahit karnyachya dishene kaam kele. heey paul yashasvi jhaale aanee 1875 madhye merrie sharlib yanna madras vaidyakeey mahavidhyalayat pahili mahila arjdar mhanoon dakhal karnyat aale.
sangrahalaye, naisargik itihas aanee prachyavad.
balfour yanna sangrah aanee shikshanat rus hota. tyanni 1850 madhye madarsa yethe sarkari kendriya sangrahalayachi sthapana kelee. teey madarsa yetheel sangrahalayache prabhari asalele pahile adhikari banale. 1879 paryant heey sangrahalay darvarshi 1,80,000 lokanna aakarshit karat hote aanee 1886 madhye 230,000 paryant. vishesh divashi mahila abhyagatanna protsahit kele jaat hote. tyanni keval abhyagatanchya nondich thevalya naheet tarr pradarshanatil abhyagatanchya pratisadachahi abhyas keela. sangrahalayachya naisargik itihas vibhagat vaghanche pille aanee bibatyacha jiwant namuna thevalyane abhyagatanchya sankhyet lakshaniy vaadh jhalyache tyanchya lakshat aale. yamule tyanni pranishastriy udyanacha prastav thewala aanee yamule 1856 madhye lokanchya udyanat pranyancha eka lahansa sangrah tayar jhaala joou madarsachya pranishastriy udyanat vikasit jhaala. sangrahalay mahavidhyalay parisarat halavanyasathi dabav hota, parantu sangrahalay asave asey balforecha thaam vishvas hota...serve vargansathi khule aahe aanee tyat serve varganna manoranjan aanee soochana denyasathi ganalele lekh aahet. suruvatila sangrahalayat vyavsayik mulyachya vastoo pradarshit kelya gelya aanee aarthik bhoogarbhshastra aanee vanikaranavar laksh kendrit kele gele. nantar tyane puratatva aanee vanshikshastrachya vastoo midvanyas suruvat kelee. pathavala jaau shakanara pratyek namuna swikararh asel" asey sangoon tyanni sangrahalayatil yogdanala protsahan dile. sangrahalayasathi chinhankit kele asalyas aanee 'bangy dock' dware pathavalyas sahitya tapaladware vinamulya pathavale jaau shakate. oriental aanee screw navigation companyne sangrahalayasathichi packages vinamulya pathvanyachi parvanagi dilee. darmaha sumare 1000 vastunvar sahitya yet asey. janata pradarshane daan karat asalyane pravesh shulk aakarane ayogya asalyache tyanni manale. 30 meey 1854 roji rudki mahavidhyalayachya oldfieldla lihilelya patrat, balforene asey lihile... jarr sangrahalay tyachya vastunmadhye maryadit asate, tarr teey kadhihi tayar jhaale nasate kaaran deshbharatil rahivasi, kaay swikararh asel yabaddal maryadit, sanshayaspad, kahihi pathavanyapasun door rahtil aanee jarr mea sargrahi honyacha prayatna keela tarr mea serve gamavoon basel..."1853 paryant, sangrahalay 19,830 hoon adhik kalakrutinni bharalele hote, jyaa bahutek lokankadoon prapt jhalya hotya. apavadatmak kalakrutinchya babatitach kharedichi aavashyakta asel assa balforecha vishvas hota. 1866 madhye tyanni mysur rajyat bengaluru sangrahalay suru kele. 1851 chya mahan pradarshanasathi, 1855 aanee 1868 chya parris pradarshanansathi, londonche aantarrashtriy pradarshan (1862) aanee vienna pradarshanasathi (1872) teey madras kendriya samitiche sachiv hote.
balforela bhashanmadhye vishesh rus hota aanee tyanni sthanik bhasha shikanyat barach vel ghalavala. 1850 madhye tyane 'gull-dastah' kinwa 'gulabancha guchch' prakashit keela, jee pertian aanee hindusthani kavinchya shilalekhit kamanchi malika aahe. tyanni madrasmadhye eka mohammed sarvajanik granthalayahi ubharale aanee pertian bhashetil anek granthanche ingrajimadhye tasech ingraji granthanche (jase qee khagolshastra) hindi, tamil aanee telgoomadhye bhashantar kele. tyanchya abhyasachya aadhare, tyanna visheshtah aarogyachya sandarbhat swadeshi vaidnyanik dnyanachya sthitibaddal shanka hotee aanee tyanchya 'cyclopedia' madhye asey suchavale hote qee bharatiy lock udarnirvahachya itake jawal hote qee tyanchya sabhovatalachya paristhitivar achookpane chintan karnyasathi tyanchyakade vel kinwa sadhane navhati.
jevha balforene sangrahalayatil aaplya padacha rajinama deela, tevha tyane edward blythla yogya uttaradhikari mhanoon magitale, parantu madarsa sarkarne tyala yavar patravyavahar karnyas rokhale. tyanantar tyache padd capton jessy michelane sweekarle, jyane madarsa police dalat commandant mhanoon kaam kele.
"cyclopedia auph india" aanee itar kaame.
bharatatil jivanachya vividh pailoonvaril balforechya sankalananmule 1857 madhye pratham prakashit jhalelya 'daad encyclopedia auph india andd auph eastern andd southern aeshiya, commercial, industrial andd scientific' chey prakashan jhaale aanee tyanantarchya aavrutya 'daad cyclopedia auph india' yaa navane prakashit jhalya. mool kaam 1851 chya mahan pradarshanasathi tyanni kelelya nondinvarun ghetale hote. tyanantarchya aavrutyanmadhye surr dietrich brandis itaranchya sanshodhanacha samavesh hota aanee teey 1871-83 madhye paach khandanchya kamat vadhale. william theobaldne tyachya messionchya barmyachya pramukh punaravalokanat dekhil heey kaam vaparale hote.
kahee vishayanna adhik vyaptichi aavashyakta hotee aanee udaharanarth tyanni bharatatil krishi kitkanvar pahile kaam kele, jyamadhye tyanni eleanor ormeroad yanchya karyatoon prerana ghetali. tyanni 'bharatatil krishi keetak' madhye lihileh
1876 madhye englandla nivrutt jhalyanantar balforene bharatavishayi lihine suru thewale. tyanni ughadpane vasahatvadvirodhi bhavna balgali, jyaa richard grove yanni tyanche kaka joseph hyumchya kattarpanthi kalpananshi jodalelya asalyache suchavale, jee matey tyanche chulat bhau allon octavian hyum yanni dekhil vyakt kelee hotee. tyacha motha bhau george balfour (aanee tyane eka.oo. humechi baheen charlot isabela hiney dekhil bharatatil meeth karanchya virodhat yuktivad keela aanee suchavale qee teey bharatachya vadhila adthala aanatat aanee loksankhyecha virodh karatat.
sanman aanee smarke.
tethe 42 varshannantar 1876 madhye balforene bharat sodala aanee tyachya niropaprasangi madarsat hindu, muslim aanee european samudayanni sarkari kendriya sangrahalayat tyache chhayachitra thevun tyacha sanman keela. tyanchya vishisht sevansathi tyanna 100 paundanche atirikt varshik good-service pension denyat aale. 1891 madhye madras vidyapithane mahilanna vaidyakeey kshetrat protsahan denyasathi 'balfour memorial' suvarnapadak sthapan kele.