
buckett yuktivad

isac newtoncha firnara badali yuktivad (jyala newtonchi badali asehi mhanatat) heey heey darshavinyasathi tayar kele gele hote qee khyan firatya gatichi vyakhya thet sabhovatalachya vastusambandhi sharirache sapeksh paribhraman mhanoon kelee jaau shakat nahee. kharee gatee aanee vishranti' chya 'gunadharm, karane aanee parinam' yaa paach yuktivadanpaiki haah eka yuktivad aahe, joou tyachya yaa yuktivadala samarthan deto qee, sarvasadharanpane, kharee gatee aanee vishranti hii itar vastoonchya tulanet gatee kinwa vishrantichi vishesh udaharane mhanoon paribhashit kelee jaau shakat nahee, parantu tyaeivaji keval paripoorn jagechya sandarbhadvare paribhashit kelee jaau shakate. vaikalpikaritya, heey prayog 'paripoorn paribhraman' mhanje kaay yachee karyatmak vyakhya pradan karatat aanee 'kaay' yachya sapeksh paribhraman yaa prashnache uttar denyache natak karat naheet?"samanya sapekshata hii nirpeksh avkashasah aanee bhautikshastrasaha, jyache kaaran pranalila bahya aahe, antaral kalachya bhooganitichya sankalpanesah, vitareet hote.
parshvabhoomi.
heey yuktivad aanee paripoorn aanee sapeksh vel, jaaga, sthan aanee gatee yanchyatil farkanchi charcha, newtonchya pahilya pustakatil vyakhya vibhaganchya shevati eka vidvattavishvat disun yete, 'naisargik tattvadnyanachi ganiteey tattve' (1687) (pustak III chya shevati samanya vidvatteshi gondhal ghaloo naye), jyane shastriy yantrikicha paya ghatala aanee tyachya sarvatrik gurutvakarshanacha niyam sadar keela, jyamule grahanchya gatiche pahile parimanatmakdrushtya purese gatishil spashtikaran midale.
rectilinear inertiache tattva swikaroon aanee spasht gatichya gatij sapekshatechi manyata (jeey tolemic kinwa copernican pranali yogya aahe qee nahee yavar aadhar dete) asoonahi, sataravya shatkatil naisargik tattvadnya khyan gatee aanee vishrantila vaiyaktik sharirache sharirikdrushtya vegale varnan karnare mhanoon manat rahile. newtonne virodh kelela prabhavi drushtikon rene descartesne tayar keela hota aanee tyala (anshatah) goatfried libnizne pathimba deela hota. tyat asey mhatale gele hote qee rikami jaaga hii eka aadhyatmik ashakyata aahe kaaran jaaga hii dravyachya vistarashivay dusare kahee nahee, kinwa dusya shabdant, jevha ekhadi vyakti goshtinmadhil jagebaddal bolate tevha tee pratyakshat tyaa goshtinmadhil sambandhancha sandarbh dett asate aanee tyanchya darmyan asalelya ekhadya ghatakacha nahee. vareel samajutishi susangat, sharirachya halchalibaddalcha konatahi dawa kalantarane eka varnanaparyant khalee yeto jyamadhye vicharadhin shareer 'tii' 1 varr 'simachinharup' mrutdehanchya eka gatachya parisarat aadhalate aanee kahee 'tii' 2 itar 'simachinharup' shareer kinwa mrutdehanchya parisarat aadhalate.
tathapi, jyaa paristhitit sabhovatalachya ringchya sandarbhat moolatah sthir asalelya aanee firata bhag asalelya vastoola swatah ringchya sandarbhat eka vishisht koneey vegat gatee dilee jaate aanee aanakhi eka paristhiti jyamadhye sabhovatalachya ringla madhyavarti objectchya sandarbhat viruddha praveg denyat aala hota, tyamadhye vastavik farak asel, heey decartesne olakhale. keval madhyavarti vastoo aanee sabhovatalachya vartulachya sandarbhat, madhyavarti vastoo aanee sabhovatalachi vartul yaa donhi goshti purnapane kathor vastoo hotya asey gruheet dharoon halchali ekmekanpasun vegale karata yenar naheet. tathapi, jarr madhyavarti vastoo kinwa sabhovatalachi vartul purnapane kadak nasel tarr tyateel eka kinwa donhi bhag firanyachya akshatoon baher udanyacha cull asel.
chaukashishi sambandhit aakasmik karananmule, decartesne gateela nirpeksh aanee sapeksh asey donhi mhatale.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat, 'serve halchali sapeksh aahet' haah yuktivad punha sadar karnyat aala, visheshtah ernst mack (1883).
yuktivad.
neuton dorkhandala latkavalelya panyane bharalelya badalivar charcha karato. jarr dorkhand ghattapane swatahvar valavala gela aanee nantar badali sodali gelee, tarr tee keval prayogkartyachya sandarbhatach navhe tarr tyat asalelya panyachya sandarbhatahi vegane firu lagate. (hii paristhiti vareel aakruti bashee sambandhit asel.)
jaree yaa tappyavar sapeksh gatee sarvat mothee asali taree panyacha prushthbhag sapat rahato, jeey soochit karate qee panyachya bhaganmadhye, doll jawal asoonahi, sapeksh gatichya akshapasun mage hatanyachi pravrutti nasate. akheris, dorr shithil hott asatana, panyacha prushthbhag avtal aakar dharan karato kaaran too prayogkartyachya tulanet doll firavanyachi gatee prapt karato. heey avtal aakar darshavito qee paanee dolyachya tulanet vishrantivar asale taree paanee firat aahe. dusya shabdant, doll aanee panyachi sapeksh gatee hii panyachi avatalata nirman karat nahee, yaa kalpanechya ulat qee halchali keval sapeksh asoo shakatat aanee konatihi paripoorn gatee nahee. (hii paristhiti aakruti deeshee sambandhit asel.) kadachit panyachi avatalata "kahitari vegale" yachya sapeksh paribhraman darshavateh samaja paripoorn jaaga? neuton mhanatoh "panyachi kharee aanee paripoorn golakar gatee shodhane aanee mojane shakya aahe".
1846 madhye andreau motte yanni newtonchya shabdancha anuvad kelah
gatee sapeksh nasoon paripoorn aahe haah yuktivad apoorn aahe, kaaran too prayogashi sambandhit sahbhaginna keval doll aanee panyapurata maryadit karato, hii eka maryada aahe jee sthapit keleli nahee. kharey tarr, panyachya avtalatemadhye spashtapane gurutvakarshanacha samavesh asato aanee yacha arth pruthvi dekhil sahbhagi aahe. keval sapeksh gatee sthapit kelee jaate assa yuktivad karananya mcmulle yethe eka teeka aaheh
mcchay gruhitak samanya sapekshatemadhye jyaa pramanat samakalit kele aahe, tyachi charcha mcchya lekhat tatvamadhye kelee aahe; sarvasadharanpane asey manale jaate qee samanya sapekshata purnapane matian nahee.
firana panyacha prushthbhag vakr aahe yavar serve nirikshak sahmat aahet. tathapi, yaa vakratechya spashtikaranat serve nirikshakansathi kendratyagi shakticha samavesh asato, apavad mhanje kharokhar sthir nirikshak, jyala aadhalate qee vakrata panyachya paribhraman darachya anuroop aahe, kaaran teey nirikshan kareet asatana, atirikt kendratyagi shaktichi aavashyakta nahee. asha prakare, eka sthir chaukat olakhali jaau shakate aanee 'kashaprakare sthir' heey vicharane aavashyak nahee?":
paripoorn paribhraman ghadane nishchit karnyachya samaan uddeshane eka purak vichar prayog dekhil newtonne prastavit keela hotah tyanchya gurutvakarshanachya kendrajaval firtana done samaan golakanche nirikshan karnyache aanee eka tarane ekatra bandhalele udaharan. taramadhye taana yene heey paripoorn paribhraman darshavate; firnare goal pahaa.
tapshilvar vishleshan.
firana badalichya prayogachi aitihasik ruchi mhanje panyachya prushthbhagachya aakarache nirikshan karoon paripoorn paribhraman shodhata yete asey suchavanyat tyachi upayuktata aahe. tathapi, rotationmule haah badal kassa hoto assa prashna konihi vicharoo shakato. eka badalit firana panyachya prushthbhagachi avatalata samajoon ghenyasathi khalee done marg dile aahet.
newtonche gatiche niyam.
prushthbhagachya ghatakachya vividh shaktinsathi newtonchya niyamancha vapar karoon badalit firana dravachya prushthbhagacha aakar nishchit keela jaau shakato. udaharanarth, nudsen aanee horth pahaa. saha-firana chaukatitil mukt shareer aakrutisah vishleshan suru hote jithe paanee sthir disate. panyachi unchi "h" = "h" ("r") heey paribhraman ω chya akshapasoonchya trijya antarache karya aahe aanee heey karya nishchit karane heey uddisht aahe. prushthbhagavaril panyachya aakarmanacha ghatak teen shaktinchya adheen asalyache darshavile jaateh gurutvakarshanamule nirman jhaleli ubhi shakti, aadvi, trijyetar bahya kendrapas force eff. see. eff. jee. ell. aanee prushthbhagachya nivadalelya ghatakachya sabhovatalachya urvarit panyamule panyachya prushthbhagavar samanya asaleli shakti. sabhovatalachya panyamule nirman honari shakti panyachya prushthbhagavar samanya asalyache dnyat aahe kaaran samatolatil drav katarane tanala aadhar deu shakat nahee. anthany aanee brackett uddhrut karnyasathih
 shivay, panyacha ghatak halat naslyamule tinhi shaktinchi berries shoonya asane aavashyak aahe. shunyachi berries karnyasathi, panyachi shakti kendrapasarak aanee gurutvakarshan shaktinchya bereejchya viruddha dishene nirdeshit karane aavashyak aahe, jyacha arth assa aahe qee panyacha prushthbhag yaa dishene tyache samanya bindu mhanoon samayojit karane aavashyak aahe. (eka atishay samaan samasya mhanje aaa chee rachana, jithe valancha utaar seet keela aahe jenekarun qaar rastyavarun sarkanar nahee. firana badalichya babatit samanata ashee aahe qee panyachya prushthbhagacha ghatak prushthbhagavar varr kinwa khalee sarkel joparyant prushthbhagavarcha normal vector edition fg + fcfgl dware tayar jhalelya vector resultantshee sanrekhit hott nahee.)
jasjase "r" vadhate tasatase kendrapasarak shakti sambandhanusar vadhate (samikarane prati ekak vastuman lihili jaatat):
jethe "ω" haah panyachya firanyacha sthir darr aahe. gurutvakarshan shakti yethe aparivartit aahe
jethe "g" haah gurutvakarshanamule honara praveg aahe. yaa done shaktinni, jyachyadvare dilelya ubhya konatoon 'φ' konat parinami tayar karnyasathi jodale jaate
jeey "aar" vadhat asatana spashtapane mothe hote. haah parinam panyachya prushthbhagavar samanya aahe aanee tyamule khalee panyachya balane prabhavipane shoonya keela jaau shakato yachee khatri karnyasathi, prushthbhagachya samanyacha samaan coone asane aavashyak aahe, mhanje,
prushthbhagachya aakarasathi samanya vibhedak samikaranakade netatah
kinwa, ektrikaranah
jethe "h" (0) hii "r" = 0 varr panyachi unchi aahe. dusya shabdant, trijyevar avalambun asatana panyacha prushthbhag parabolic aahe.
sambhavya urja.
saha-firana chaukatitil kendrapasarak shaktishi sambandhit sambhavya urjechi manoranjak kalpana vaparoon panyachya prushthbhagacha aakar vegalya, atishay antardnyani paddhatine aadhalu shakato.
sandarbh chaukatit ω koneey darane eksamanpane firtana, kalpanik kendrapasarak shakti hii puranmatvadi asate aanee tyat asha swarupachi sambhavya urja asateh
jethe "r" hii paribhraman akshapasun trijya aahe. trijya bahya shakti prapt karnyasathi sambhavyatecha pravanata gheuun yaa parinamachi padtalani kelee jaau shakateh
sambhavya urjecha (sathavalele karya) arth assa aahe qee chachanichya vastoochya mothya trijyapasoon lahan trijyeparyantchya halchalimadhye kendratyagi shaktiviruddha karya karane aanee asha prakare sambhavya urja prapt karane samavisht aahe. parantu lahan trijyevaril yaa chachani vastoone, jethe tyachi unchi qamee aahe, aata samatulya gurutviya sambhavya urja gamavali aahe.
tyamule sambhavya urja firana badalit panyachya prushthbhagachi avatalata spasht karate. lakshat ghya qee samtol sadhatana prushthbhag assa aakar dharan karato qee tyachya prushthbhagavaril konatyahi thikanchya aakarmanachya ghatkamadhye itar konatyahi thikanasarkhich sambhavya urja asate. asey asale taree, prushthbhagavaril panyachya konatyahi ghatkala sthitee halvinyasathi konatehi protsahan nasate, kaaran serve sthitee urjechya samatulya asatat. mhanjech samtol sadhala jaato. dusarikade, qamee urja upalabdh asalele prushthbhagache pradesh asalyas, uchch sambhavya urjechya prushthbhagavaril sthananvar asalele paanee qamee urjechya yaa sthananvar kabja karnyasathi halel, kaaran aadarsh dravamadhye bajukadil halchalila konatahi adthala nahee.
panyachya prushthbhagacha aakar samaan-urja prushthbhagapeksha vegala karnyasathi kahee kalasathi badaloon hii samtol paristhiti jaanunbujun bighadavanyachi aapan kalpana karoo shakato. aakaratil haah badal sthir rahnar nahee aanee paanee aaplya krutrimaritya tayar kelelya aakarat rahnar nahee, parantu anek aakaranchya kshanik shodhat guntale jaeel, joparyant sloshingdware sadar kelelya gair-aadarsh gharshan shaktinni, ektar badalichya bajunviruddha kinwa dravachya gair-aadarsh swarupane, dolananna nasht kele aanee paanee samtol aakarat sthayik jhaale.
karyarat asalelya samaan-urja prushthbhagache tattva pahanyasathi, haloohaloo shunyapasoon badalichya firanyacha darr vadhavanyachi kalpana qaraa. panyacha prushthbhag suruvatila sapat asato aanee spashtapane samaan sambhavya urjecha prushthbhag asato kaaran prushthbhagavaril serve bindu panyavar karya karananya gurutvakarshanachya kshetrat samaan unchivar asatat. tathapi, kahee chhotya koneey paribhraman darane, prushthbhagavaril panyacha ghatak kendrapasarak shaktichya prabhavakhali baherchya dishene jaaun qamee sambhavya urja prapt karoo shakato; gurutvakarshan shaktisah pruthvichya kendrachya jawal jaananya vastoocha vichar karah vastoo eka shaktiche palan karoon tyachi sambhavya urja qamee karate. paanee asampidit karnyayogya naslyamule aanee teey badalichya maryadet rahile pahije, tyamule hii bahya halchal mothya trijyevar panyachi kholee vadhavate, mothya trijyevar prushthbhagachi unchi vadhavate aanee lahan trijyevar qamee karate. panyacha prushthbhag kinchit avtal hoto, parinami adhik unchi gathanyasathi gurutvakarshanachya virodhat kelelya karyamule adhik trijyavaril panyachi sambhavya urja vadhate. panyachi unchi jasjashi vadhate tastashi parighakade jaanari halchal aata fayadeshir hott nahee, kaaran kendrapasarak shaktisah kaam kelyane sambhavya urjetil ghat gurutvakarshanachya virodhat kaam karananya urjetil vadhichya viruddha santulit asate. asha prakare, dilelya koneey paribhraman darane, avtal prushthbhag sthir paristhitiche pratinidhitva karato aanee jitka vegwan firto, titka haah prushthbhag adhik avtal hoto. jarr paribhraman thambavale gele tarr avtal prushthbhag tayar kartana sathavaleli urja nasht hone aavashyak aahe, udaharanarth, gharshanadvare, samtol sapat prushthbhag punarsanchayit honyapurvi.
sthir sambhavya urjecha prushthbhag parimanatmakpane amalat aananyasathi, panyachi unchi sootra 10 asoo dyah mug gurutvakarshanadvare yogdan dileli prati ekak vastuman sambhavya urja sootra 11 aahe aanee prushthbhagavaril prati ekak vastuman ekoon sambhavya urja aahe
sootra _ 13 saha parshvabhoomi urja patali "r" pasoon swatantra aahe. sthir sthiteet (firana chaukatimadhye dravachi gatee nahee), hii urja sthir asate aanee tee "r" yaa sthanapasun swatantra asate. urja sthir asane aavashyak asalyane, aaplyala parabolic swaroop milateh
jethe "h" (0) hii "r" = 0 (aksh) varchi unchi aahe. aakruti 1 aanee 2 pahaa.
centrifugechya karyapranaliche tattva dekhil sambhavya urjesathichya yaa abhivyaktichya sandarbhat sahajpane samajale jaau shakate, jeey darshavate qee jevha firanyachya akshapasun door asalelya aakarmanavar judd padarthacha kabja asato tevha teey urjechya drushtine anukool asate.