kalakruti (puratatva)

kalakruti kinwa kalakruti (british ingraji) hii manavane banavalelya kinwa aakar dilelya vastusathi eka samanya sandnya aahe, jase qee ekhade sadhan kinwa kalakruti, visheshtah puratatviy swarasya asaleli vastoo. puratatvashastrat, haah shabd vishisht barkave asalela shabd banala aahe aanee puratatviy prayatnandvare punarprapt keleli vastoo mhanoon tyachi vyakhya kelee jaate, jee sanskrutik swarasya asaleli sanskrutik kalakruti asoo shakate.
puratatvashastrat artifect hii samanya sandnya vaparali jaate, tarr sangrahalayanmadhye samatulya samanya sandnya samanyatah 'object' asate aanee qalaa itihasat kadachit kalakruti kinwa 'koreev kaam' yasarkhi adhik vishisht sandnya asate. ekach vastoola vegvegalya sandarbhat yapaiki serve kinwa konatihi mhatale jaau shakate aanee vaiyaktik vastoo kinwa samaan vastoonchya gatambaddal bolatana adhik vishisht sandnya vaparlya jaatil.
kalakruti anek vegvegalya rupanmadhye astitvat aahet aanee kadhikadhi paryavaraniy tathye aanee vaishishtyanshi gondhal houu shakato; heey tinhi kadhikadhi puratatviy sthalanvar ekatra aadhalu shakatat. kalantarane tyanchyavar jyaa prakriyanni karya kele aahe tyanusar teey vividh prakarchya sandarbhat dekhil astitvat asoo shakatat. kalakrutinche vishleshan karnyasathi aanee tyanchyavishayi mahitee denyasathi vividh prakarche vishleshan kele jaate. tathapi, vaidnyanik puratatvashastradvar kalakrutinche vishleshan karnyachya prakriyet, lutmar aanee kalakrutinchya sankalanamule adthala nirman houu shakato, jyamule naitik vadavivadala suruvat hote.
sandarbh.
kalakruti konatyahi puratatviy sandarbhatun kinwa strotapasun yeu shakatat jase keeh
udaharananmadhye dagadi sadhane, matichya bhandyanchi bhandi, dhatuchya vastoo jase qee shastre aanee vaiyaktik sajavatichya vastoo jase qee batane, dagine aanee kapade yancha samavesh hoto. manvi badalachi chinhe darshavinari hadey dekhil udaharane aahet. agniprajvalanane futalele dagad kinwa annasathi vaparlya jaanarya vanaspati samgrisarkhya naisargik vastunche puratatvashastradnyanni kalakrutiaivaji paryavaranvishayak tathye mhanoon vargikaran kele aahe.
vartanukichya aanee parivartanshil prakriyancha parinam mhanoon kalakruti astitvat aahet. vartanukichya prakriyet kachcha maal midvane, vishisht hetusathi teey tayar karane aanee nantar vaparlyanantar takoon dene samavisht asate. parivartanatmak prakriya vartanukichya prakriyechya shevati suru hote; jevha tee kalakruti nisarg aanee/kinwa manavane tee jamaa kelyanantar badalali jaate. kalakrutichya sandarbhatil mulyankanasathi yaa donhi prakriya mahattvapoorn ghatak aahet.
kalakruticha sandarbh done prakaranmadhye vibhagala jaau shakatoh prathamik sandarbh aanee duyyam sandarbh. matricks hii eka bhautik mandani aahe jyamadhye eka kalakruti astitvat aahe aanee eka srot mhanje matrixmadhil vishisht sthan hoy. jevha ekhadi kalakruti prathamik sandarbhat aadhalate, tevha parivartanshil prakriyandvare aavartak aanee ugam badalale jaat naheet. tathapi, duyyam sandarbh sandarbh detana parivartanshil prakriyandvare matricks aanee utpatti badalate. donhi sandarbhanmadhye kalakruti astitvat aahet aanee tyanchya vishleshanadarmyan heey lakshat ghetale jaate.
kalakruti starikrut vaishishtye aanee paryavaranvishayak tathyanpasun vegalya aahet. starikrut vaishishtye mhanje manvi kriyakalapanche naan-suvahya avashesh aahet jyat bhatti, raste, sathe, khandak aanee tatsam avasheshancha samavesh aahe. jaiv tathye mhanoonahi olakhalya olakhalya paryavaraniy tathye, biyane kinwa pranyanche haad yasarkhya itar jivanni banavalelya puratatviy swarasya asalelya vastoo aahet.
manavane halavalelya parantu badalalelya nasalelya naisargik vastoonna manuport mhanatat. udaharananmadhye antardeshiy kinwa golakar dagadanni halavalele seashells, jyamule teey tayar jhaale tyaa panyachya krutipasoon door thewale jaatat.
heey bhed anekada aspasht asatat; pranyanchya mrutdehatoon kadhalele haad heey eka jaiv tathya aahe parantu upayukt sadhanamadhye koralele haad hii eka kalakruti aahe. tyachpramane, ektar kachchya kalakruti kinwa naisargikaritya naisargikaritya aanee suruvatichya manavanni kinwa "homo sapiens" neey banavalelya suruvatichya vastunsarkhya asoo asoo suruvatichya dagadi vastunvar vadavivad houu shakato. vastavik manavnirmit lithic kalakruti aanee bhoo-tathye-naisargikaritya aadhalanare lithic jeey manavnirmit sadhanansarkhe asatat, yateel farak olakhane katheen asoo shakate. manavnirmit sadhane aanee tyaa thikanchya sthanik vaishishtyanshi sambandhit samanya vaishishtyanche parikshan karoon kalakrutinna pramanit karane shakya aahe.
kalakruti, vaishishtye aanee paryavaranvishayak tathye yaa serve goshti ekach thikani aadhalu shakatat. sanketsthalanmadhye yaa teenpaiki vegvegalya vyavasthancha samavesh asoo shakato; kahinmadhye tyaa sarvancha samavesh asoo shakato tarr itaranmadhye keval eka kinwa doncha samavesh asoo shakato. bhintinchya aanee khandakanchya swarupat sthalanchya spasht seema asoo shakatat, parantu nehmich asey hott nahee. sthan aanee bhootkalatil karye yasarkhya shrenindware thikane vegali kelee jaau shakatat. yaa thikani kalakruti kasha astitvat aahet heey puratatviy antardrushti pradan karoo shakate. yache eka udaharan mhanje tyaa thikanavaril bhootkalatil ghatanansathi kalkramanusar kalmaryada nishchit karnyasathi daphan kelelya kalakrutinchi sthitee aanee kholee vaparane.
aadhunik puratatvashastradnya bhautik sanskruti aanee vanshikta yaat farak karanyachi kalji ghetat, jeey anekada adhik guntaguntiche asate, jase caroll cramerney 'bhandi lock nasatat' yaa vakyat vyakt kele aahe."
vishleshan.
kalakrutiche vishleshan heey konatya prakarchya kalakrutiche parikshan kele jaat aahe yavar avalambun asate. 
shilalekheey vishleshan mhanje dagadanni tayar kelelya aanee anekada sadhananchya swarupat asalelya kalakrutinche vishleshan karane. pragaitihasik kalat anekada dagadi kalakruti aadhaltat aanee mhanunach, bhootkalatil puratatviy prashnanchi uttare denyat tee eka mahattvapoorn pailu aahet. prushthbhagavar, vividh kalkhandatil vividh sadhane aanee utpadan tantre dakhavun sampoorn itihasat tantradnyan kase vikasit jhaale aahe yacha abhyas karnyas lithic kalakruti puratatvashastradnyan madat karoo shakatat. tathapi, yaa prakarchya vishleshanadvare aanakhi sakhol prashnanchi uttare dilee jaau shakatat; heey prashna asha vishayanvar firu shakatat jyat samajikaran aanee vastoonchya vitaranachya drushtine samaj kase sanghatit aanee sanrachit kele gele hote. khaleel prayogshaletil tantre serve lithic vishleshanachya prakriyet yogdan detatah petrographic vishleshan, neutron sakriyakaran, ksh-kiran pratidipti, kann-prerit ksh-kiran utsarjan, vaiyaktik puttle vishleshan aanee vastuman vishleshan.
kalakruti vishleshanacha aanakhi eka prakar mhanje matichya bhandyanchya puratatva abhyasavar aadharit syremic vishleshan. yaa prakarche vishleshan puratatvashastradnyan vaparlelya kachchya malachi aanee matichya bhandyanchya nirmitimadhye tyancha vapar kassa keela gela yachee mahitee midvinyat madat karoo shakate. yasathi parvanagi denari prayogshala tantre pramukhyane spectroscopiver aadharit aahet. vaparlya jaanarya vividh prakarchya spectroscopymadhye anoo shoshan, vidyutaushna anoo shoshan, preranatmakpane jodalele plazma-anoo utsarjan aanee ksh-kiran pratidipti yancha samavesh hoto. syremic vishleshan keval kachcha maal aanee matichya bhandyanchya utpadanachi mahitee pradan karnyapeksha adhik karate; heey mageel samajanna tyanche tantradnyan, arthvyavastha aanee samajik sanrachanechya sandarbhat antardrushti pradan karnyas madat karate.
yavyatirikt, pranyanchya avasheshanchya swarupat asalelya kalakrutincha abhyas karnyasathi pranyanche vishleshan astitvat aahe. shilalekhanpramanech, puratatvashastra kshetrat pranyanche avashesh atyant samanya aahet. kalantarane vegvegalya bajarpethanmadhye pranyanchi devanghevan hott asalyane aanee durvar tyancha vyapar hott asalyamule pranyanche vishleshan vyaparabaddal antardrushti pradan karate. pranyanche avashesh samajik sthitee, vanshik bhed aanee purvichya guntaguntichya samajanpeksha aaharpaddhatibaddal mahitee dekhil deu shakatat.
kalakrutinchi tarikh tharvane aanee tyanna kalkramanusar kalkram pradan karane haah kalakruti vishleshanacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe. vareel serve prakarche vishleshan heey kalakrutichya datingchya prakriyet madat karoo shakatat. datingchya pramukh prakaranmadhye sapeksh dating, aitihasik dating aanee typology yancha samavesh hoto. jevha kalakruti ekmekanchya sandarbhat vishisht kramane thevalya jaatat tevha sapeksh dating hote, tarr aitihasik dating lekhee puravyanchya kalavadhisathi hote; pragaitihasik kalasathi sapeksh dating haah datingcha ekmev prakar hota. prakarshastra hii ashee prakriya aahe jee samagri aanee aakarat samaan asalelya kalakrutinna ekatra gatbaddh karate. hii ranniti yaa kalpananvar aadharit aahe qee vastoonchya shaili vishisht kalavadhishi julatat aanee yaa shaili kalantarane haloohaloo badaltat.
naitikta.
kalakruti gola karane aanee lutmar karane yamule puratatva kshetrat jordar vadavivadala udhan aale aahe. puratatviy drushtine lutmar mhanje jevha vastu sthalanvarun khodoon kadhalya jaatat aanee khajgiritya gola kelya jaatat kinwa aupcharik vaidnyanik puratatvashastradvar utkhanan aanee vishleshan karnyapurvi vikalya jaatat. haah vaad sangrahakarte aanee puratatvashastradnya yanchyatil vishvasanmadhil farkanvar kendrit aahe. puratatvashastradnya jevha kalakrutinchya babatit utkhanan, sandarbh aanee prayogshalechya kamavar laksh kendrit karatat, tarr sangrahak vegvegalya vaiyaktik ichchhanni prerit asatat. yamule anekjan swatahla puratatviy prashna vichartat, "bhootkal kunacha aahe?"
sangrahalayanmadhye itar deshanmadhun sanshayaspad paristhitit ghetalelya kalakrutinchya pradarshanababat naitik prashna dekhil aahet, udaharanarth british sangrahalayane parthenon (elgin) sangamarvari vastunche pradarshan kele aahe. european sangrahalaye, visheshtah aafrikevar europeananchya vijayadarmyan ghetalelya, bigger-european deshantil sthanik lokanchya vastoonchya pradarshanamule naitik prashnahi upasthit jhaale aahet. mwazulu diabanza aanee 'front multy cultural anty-spoliation' (lutmariviruddha bahusanskrutik aaghadi) yasarkhya panne-african karyakartyanni european sangrahalayanviruddha thet karvai kelee aahe, jyacha uddesh tyanna africeshi sambandhit asalyache asalyache vastunchi punarsthapana karane haah aahe.

