
adrian beverland

hadrian beverland (hadrianus beverlands, september-december 1650, middleberg, zealand-14 december 1716 london) haah eka dutch manavtavadi vidwan hota, jyala 1679 madhye hollandmadhun haddapar karnyat aale aanee 1680 madhye too englandmadhye sthayik jhaala.
prarambhik jeevan.
beverlandcha janm 20 september teey 14 december 1650 darmyan middleberg yethe jhaala, johann beverlandcha mulga (?-1654) aanee catarina vanne degence (?-1665). tyala done mothe bhau hoteh johannes (1638?-1695) aanee christophel (1646?-1676). tyache vadil lilo yaa lashkari gavat kaam karayache aanee march 1654 madhye tyanche nidhan jhaale. september 1654 madhye beverlandchi aaee catarina hiney ingraji sainyatil eka mahattvacha lashkari abhiyanta bernard dii gomeshi lagn kele. heey jodape 1660 chya sumaras englandla gele. beverland aanee tyache bhau tyanche shikshan purn karnyasathi middlebergmadhye rahile aanee vegvegalya gharanmadhye rahat hote.
1663 madhye beverlandchi nond lattin school auph middlebergmadhye jhaali. julai 1669 madhye franker vidyapithat tyanchi nondani jhaali. tyanantarchya dashakat tyanni leiden aanee utrect vidyapithanmadhyehi abhyas keela aanee 1672 madhye auxford vidyapithat eka varsh ghalavale, jeey paul dutch prajasattakatil yuddhamule (dhokyachya) anshatah prerit hote. tyachya abhyasadarmyan, beverlandne itar manavtavadi vidvananshi maitri keleeh jacob dii goyer, nicolas hensius, jacobus gronovius, johann george gravius aanee isaq vosius. tyanni 1677 madhye utrect vidyapithat kayadyachi doctorate midavali.
tyachya visavya dashakachya suruvatipasun, beverlandne laingik vasanevar eka bhavya karya sankalit karnyavar laksh kendrit kele, jyache shirshak 'dii prostibulis veterum' ('prachinanchya veshyavyavasayavar') asey asel. 1677 paryant beverlandne tyachya kalpananchya prakashanavar vichar keela aanee 1678 madhye tyane 'pekkatam original' ('original paap') madhye tyachya nishkarshanchi pahili zalak dilee. tyachya pahilya prakashanantar, visheshtah dutch sudhar charchchya sadasyankadun tyala midalelya tikeche maun sadhanyasathi, beverlandne kaam sampadit karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyane 1679 madhye 'daad pekkato originally' ('mool papavar') hii dusari aavrutti prakashit kelee.
abhyas.
beverlandne tyachya abhyasat laingik vasanechi vyakhya mool paap ashee kelee aahe. tyane assa yuktivad keela qee edenchya baget, devachya aadnyanche ullanghan karoon, aadam aanee havve yanni laingik sambandh thewale hote. shiksha mhanoon, aatapasoon serve lokanvar laingik ichcheche varchasva hote. manvi swabhavatil vasanechi sarvatrik shakti pradarshit karnyasathi beverlandne bhutkalavar laksh kendrit kele. tarihi tyanni suruvatichya aadhunik rajyanmadhil calvanist siddhant aanee dharmnirpeksh kayadyanmadhye prachalit asalelya lagnavar laingik nirbandhanche adhikrut bandhan aanee tyanchya samkalin samajatil purush aanee striyanche vastavik laingik vartan yanchyatil sthool visangatikadehi laksh vedhale. tyanni kamvasanechi samasya yaa prashnavar eka sopa upay mandalah samajatil uchch padavaril sushikshit purushansathi laingik swatantrya, jeey apariharya papacha jababdarine anand gheu shakat hote.
berverlandne sarvadevatanche kahee prakar sweekarle aanee assa yuktivadahi keela qee manvi tark haah manatil aanee shariratil vasanechya laingik shaktivar niyantran thevanyas asamarth aahe. hii sankalpana serve pranyanchya 'conatus' yaa drushtikonashi agadi sarkhich hotee, kaaran tee 'tyanchya astitvamadhye tikoon rahanyachi naisargik ichcha' hotee, parantu tee buddhichya mukt karnyachya shaktila dekhil virodh karate, jase qee buddhimattechya shevatchya bhagat varnan kele gele hote.
dii stollte virginitatis ayur' ('aachchhadit kaumarya kayadyavar,' 1680) madhye, stree vasanavaril tyachya karyat, berverlandne sarvasadharanpane manvi swabhavatil vasanechya samasyela aanee visheshtah tyachya samkalin dutch samajatil laingik gairvartanukichya vipulatevar kase samore jaave yavar vyavharik upayanchi ruparesha dilee. udaharanarth, veshyavyavasayala kayadeshir manyata midavi, assa prastav tyanni mandala.
nirvasana aanee nirvasana.
julai 1679 madhye gauda yetheel prantiy dharmasabhet beverlandchya kamanvar dutch sudhar charchchya sadasyanni charcha kelee. laingik sambandh aanee papavaril tyacha abhyas bekaydeshir aanee hanikarak hota assa nishkarsh kadhat, uttar aanee dakshin-hollandchya dharmasabhanmadhil pratinidhinni hollandchya rajyanna vinanti pathavali. 12 september 1679 roji rajyanni dharmasabhanchya pratinidhinchya vinantila manyata dilee, jyamadhye tyanni dev, tyacha shabd aanee dutch sudharlelya dharmache sanrakshn karnyasathi aanee dutch samajatil tarunanna beverlandchya kalpananpasoon sanrakshn denyasathi beverlandchya prakashananvar bandee ghalanyas aanee dadapun taknyas sangitale hote. rajyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee, jyaa leiden vidyapithat tyaa velee beverlandchi vidyarthi mhanoon nondani jhaali hotee, tyaa vidyapithane tyanna yogya krutee karnyababat sallah dyava.
26 aktoobar 1679 roji beverlandla atak karnyat aalee. turungat asatana, 'poma amoris' ('premachi fale') yaa shirshakakhali laingikta aanee papavaril tyachya kamachi tisari aavrutti chhapanyat too yashasvi jhaala. beverlandchya atakechi hatalani leiden vidyapithachya vidyapith nyayalayane (ekedemishe wearschar) kelee. abhiyojak johann dirkszoon vanne wessenveltne vidyapith nyayalayat vinanti sadar kelee, jyamadhye tyane beverlandchya doshasiddhisathi vinanti kelee. 11 november 1679 roji vierscharne yavar charcha kelee. 15 november roji eka khajgi sunavanidarmyan beverland vidyapith nyayalayasamor pahilyanda hajar jhaala. tyane vanne vessenveltchya aaropanna pratisad dett nyayadhishanna tyachya kamanmadhye apavitrata, ishwaraninda, vaiparamparagatata kinwa ashlilatecha kahee purava aadhalalyas, tyachyashi pitrutvachya paddhatine vagnyas aanee tyala khoop kathor shiksha karnyapasoon door rahnyas sangitale. tyach divashi, virsarne tyachi kabulijbab aikalyanantar, tyanni beverlandla ishwarheen, apavitra aanee vikrut kaame lihinyasathi doshi tharavale. kirkol shikshanchya malikanvyatirikt, beverlandla baybalvareel aapali paramparagat aanee chukichi vidhane mage ghyavi lagali aanee devakade aanee tyane tyachya karyamule dukhavalelya lokankade kshama magavi lagali. daad pekkato originally' chee ninda karnyat aalee, tyala 'daad prostibulis veternum' hastalikhit dyave lagale aanee aanakhi konatihi nindaniy kaame prakashit karnar nahee asey vachan dyave lagale. tyala leiden vidyapithatun haddapar karnyat aale aanee holland aanee zeelandmadhun haddapar karnyat aale. jarr too vishesh parvangishivay yaa prantanmadhye paratala tarr tyala sharirik shiksha bhogavi lagel.
4 december 1679 roji beverlandne eka lekhee nivedanavar swakshari kelee, jyamadhye tyane baibal kinwa sabhya gunanviruddha punha kadhihi kahihi lihinar nahee kinwa prakashit karnar nahee, 'dii prostibulis veternum' hastalikhit supurd karnar asalyache aanee tyane sweekarle asey vachan dile. tyach divashi tyachi turungatoon sutka jhaali. beverlandne utrectcha pravas keela. holland aanee zealand prantanchya baher vasalelya tyala tyachya shikshechya atinche ullanghan naan karata yaa shaharat rahanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. march 1680 madhye, tyachya shikshecha eka bhag mhanoon, beverlandne 'dii prostibulis veternum' chya pahilya pustakache hastalikhit leiden vidyapithachya adhikaahyaankade supurd kele aanee tyach mahinyat tyane vahini olandali. tyacha mitra isaq vosiuschya gharee windsermadhye tyache swagat karnyat aale. tyanni tyanchya 'dii prostibulis veternum' varr kaam karane suru thewale (tyanni tyanchya prasthanapurvi kamachya pahilya, dusya aanee tisya pustakachya pratee englandla pathavalya hotya). matra, pudhil done dashkant tyanni tyancha mukhya prabandh sodoon deela. heey kaam kadhihi prakashit honar nahee heey tyachya lakshat aale hote aanee tyane itar goshtinvar laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee asey disate.
udaharanarth, marshalchya epigram, kishoravayin vyangana aanee leucretiuschya "dii reram natura" varr laksh kendrit karoon beverlandne tyacha shastriy abhyas suru thewala. shastriy shishyavrutti vyatirikt, englandmadhye aalyanantar lagechach beverlandne voshiyasasarkhya dutch mitranchya aanee hans sloensarkhya naveen ingraji samparkanchya sevet eka prakarcha sachiv, granthapal aanee dalal mhanoon kaam karnyas suruvat kelee.
beverland lavkarach dutch prajasattakat paratanyacha vichar karoo lagla. tyane 1684 madhye leiden vidyapithachya nyayadhishanna eka yachika dakhal kelee, jyat tyane aaplya tarunyatil shauryacha tyag kelyache mhatale hote. 1680 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, tyache aavahan naan aikalele asalyane, tyane 'daad forkation cavenda admonitio' (vyabhicharabaddalcha ishara joou talhala pahije, 1697,1698) yaa shirshakachya mafiprarthi karyavar kaam karnyas suruvat kelee. beverlandne aaplya aadhichya granthanmadhil ashleel sahitya aanee kamuk shaili nakarli. akheris isaq vosiusche granthalay leiden vidyapithala vikane, jyamadhye beverlandne mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali, jyamule beverlandla tyachya shikshesathi kshama midali. leiden vidyapithane tyachi shiksha mage ghetali aanee 1693 madhye tyala raja william tisra, joou sanyukt prantancha sarvoch nyayadhish hota, tyachya stadeholderchya padavar maafee midali.
tathapi, beverland kadhihi dutch prajasattakat paratala nahee. 1690chya dashakapasun, mansik aanee aarthik adachani tyachya jivanavar avalambun rahoo lagalya. too tyacha jodidar rebekka tibbit aanee tyanchi mulgi annah yanchyasobat londonmadhye aanee agadi baher vegvegalya thikani ekatra rahat hota. 14 december 1716 roji londonmadhye beverlandche nidhan jhaale aanee chaar divasannantar seent pietersbergchya anganat tyala daphan karnyat aale. covent gardenmadhil paul church.
chitre.
aata rejucs museum asalelya erii dii voicechya chhayachitrat beverland eka tablower eka veshyasobat basalela disato. godfrey nellerche aanakhi eka chitra ashmolian sangrahalayat aahe. isaq becketne 1686 saalee kelelya korivkamat, sayman du boisachya rachnenantar, beverland (lorenzo pignoriyachya abraham blotellingchya 1670 chya aadaraniy agrabhagachya vidambanat), egyptian pracheen vastunmadhye, eka stree nagna rekhatatana disun yete.