thuricind

thuricind (lattinh "turisindus", maran pavala) haah purv germanytil gothick lokanmadhil gapidscha raja hota. 548 teey 560. too antim guppeed raja hota aanee bandkhori karoon aanee rajachya mulala haddapar karnyas bhag padoon raja elemandchya jaagi aala. gapedia mhanoon olakhale jaanare thurisindache rajya madhya europemadhye hote aanee tyache kendra, shiva nadivaril (aata sremska mitrovica, sarbiyache shahar) purviche roman shahar syrmium yethe hote.
tyachya karkirdit, tyancha raja audoin yachya netrutvakhali panonia purvichya roman prantat aalelya german lokanshi, lombardsshee anek yuddhe jhaali. turisindala byzantine samrajyachya shatrutvalahi samore jaave lagale, jeey syrmiumchya tivra tabyat ghetalyabaddal naraj hote aanee aadhunik hangericha bahutansh bhag bhag aanee anshatah simavarti rajyansah asalelya panonian panonianiilaw tivra shakti qamee karnyasathi utsuk hote. 551 kinwa 552 madhye jevha audionne nirnayakpane thurisindacha parabhav keela tevha gapidschee shakti qamee karnyachya byzantinechya yojana amalat aalya. byzantine samrat justinianne donhi netyanvar shantata karar karnyas bhag padale jenekarun panonian panonianiilaw santulan tikavoon thevata yeil.
thurisindane tyacha motha mulga, tourismode, asafeldachya ladhait gamavala, jyaa darmyan rajkumar audoincha mulga alboin yane marla. sumare 560 madhye, thuricind maran pavala aanee tyacha urvarit mulga kunimand tyachya jaagi aala, joou 567 madhye alboinne marla gela. kunimandachya mrutyune asthir rajyacha ant jhaala aanee lombardsche mitra, awar, eurasian maidanatoon sthalantarit jhalelya bhatkya lokanni tyanchya pradeshanvar vijay midvanyachi suruvat kelee.
prarambhik srot.
thurisindashi sambandhit chaar prarambhik madhyayugeen strotanpaiki, jeey astitvat aahet, rajabaddal swatantra purava, justinianchya yuddhanche vrutt aanee gapids aanee lombards aanee tyanchya rajanmadhil sambandhancha tapshilvar tapasheel pradan karnare ekmev srot mhanje 'dii bellis' (550), heey procopiusche sarvat mahatvache karya aahe. 6 vya shatkatil sarvat mahan itihaskar manale jaanare procopius heey 527 madhye palestinemadhil sizeriya yethe janmalele greek lekhak hote. procopiuschya karyat lombard-gapid yuddhanche changle varnan kele aahe, kaaran yaa sangharshane bhoomargane italivar aakraman karnyachya byzantine yojnanmadhye mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali hotee.
jordencha 'roman' haah 6 vya shatkatil itar srot qamee prasangik aahe. gothick vanshachya jordense yanni catholic padrinchya shreneet pravesh karnyapurvi aanee 'romna' aanee 'getika' hii tyanchi done jiwant pustake lihinyapurvi sainikanchya byzantine mastersathi notarius mhanoon kaam kele. nantarche heey gothick itihasacha saransh aahe, tarr qamee dnyat 'roman' heey 551 kinwa 552 madhye lihilele roman itihasache sankshipt varnan aahe. james oo 'donnelchya matey, donhi karye manvi jivanabaddal nirashavadi drushtikon samayik karatat jyamadhye dharmik uddishtanchya tulanet serve dharmnirpeksh kamgiri kshullak aahet. jordensene 'roman' madhye thurisindacha spashtapane ullekh kelela nahee, parantu kamachya shevatchya bhagat midala lombard-gapid yuddhabaddal bolato, jyamadhye thuricind sahbhagi jhaala hota.
paul daad decan haah haah shatkatil sarvat mahattvacha italian lekhak hota. 720 kinwa 730 chya dashakat janmalela too freuli yetheel eka kuleen lombard kutumbatoon aala hota. tyane padrinmadhye lavkar pravesh keela aanee akheris too monte casinochya mathacha sadhu banala. historiya langobardorum' heey tyanche sarvat prasiddha karya aahe, jeey 'lombard rashtra' chaa itihas aahe. 787 nantar lihilele heey, tyachya aadhichya pramukh aitihasik karya, 'historiya romana' chaa eka bhag aahe, jeey eutropiuschya 'sankshipt' varr aadharit hote, jyat justinianchya samrajyaparyantchya aitihasik ghatananche varnan karnari sahaa pustake jodali gelee aahet. yaa donhi granthanmadhye thuricind aanee midala lombard-gapid yuddhacha ullekh aahe, jeey 'historiya langobardorum' aanee 'historiya romana' yanchyatil ekmev parasparsanvad darshavtat. donhi pustakanmadhye rajachya mulanmadhil dvandvayuddhachahi ullekh aahe, hii eka ghatana aahe jee procopiuschya likhanat nahee aanee maukhik paramparetoon udbhavali asey manale jaate. tyachpramane, thurisind aanee audoincha mulga yanchyatil bhet hii tyaa mulachya darbaratil maukhik strotatoon ghetali jaate.
sattevar yene.
jeey aata purv hangeri, paschim romania aanee uttar sarbiyamadhye gapids heey pramukh german lock hote. jaree tyachya suruvatichya jivanacha tapasheel maheet nasla taree, turisind sumare 548 madhye sattevar aala asey manale jaate. purvicha raja elemandchya mrutyunantar, tyane sattapalat karoon simhasana tabyat ghetale aanee elemandchya mulala ostrogothala haddapar karnyas bhag padale. ostrogotha aanee tyachya anuyayanna gapidsche shejari aanee shatru, lombards, aanakhi eka german lock jeey nuktech panonian panonian paschim bhagat sthayik jhaale hote, tyanchyamadhye aashray midala. midala shatkapasoon yaa panonian kahee bhaganmadhye gapids vasale hote. hote shatkat jevha raja ardrickchya netrutvakhali tyanni shikari samrajya nasht karnyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali tevha tyanna mahatva prapt jhaale. yaa vijayamule ardaric aanee tyachya lokanna itar konapekshahi jaast fayda jhaala, jyane dashiacha purvicha roman prant midavala.
504 madhye austrogoth yanni gapidschee shakti lakshaniyaritya qamee kelee, jyanni danubian maidananmadhye tyancha vistar qamee keela. gapids swatahla panonian panonian purvekadil bhagapurate maryadit thevat hote; purvichya gapids rajanchya kalat hote tase heey thurisindchya adhipatyacha gabha banavanyasathi hote. 6 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, gapid kuleen vargane arian khrishchan dharm swikarla, tarr bahutek gapid heey murtipujak rahile.
vidwan istwan boona yanchya matey, 6 vya shatkat gapediala trast hallah aanee rajachya kutumbat uttaradhikar rakhane katheen hallah rajvatisathi pramukh kutumbanmadhil sangharshanche thurisindacha sattevar yene heey eka vaishishtyapurn udaharan aahe. heey adthale aatokyat aananyasathi thurisindane tyacha sarvat motha mulga, turismode yala sirmiyammadhil gapid sainyacha senapati banavale, eka mahattvache padd jyane turismodla rajacha varasdar spasht kele (suruvatichya german prathenusar, jyeshth mulga haah varshachya ranget pahila asane aavashyak navhate). turismodachya mrutyunantar, tyacha dhakata bhau kunimund syrmiumcha senapati jhaala aanee tyamule tyacha varasdar spasht jhaala.
lombardsburoberche pahile yuddh.
548 madhye raja jhalyanantar turisindala lagech swatahla katheen paristhitit sapadaln. 546-548 chya kalat, byzantine samrajyane audionkhalil lombardsna danube nadichya simevaril purvichya roman prant panonia (aadhunik hangeri) madhye jaanyas patvoon denyacha cutt rachala hota. justinianla aasha hotee qee yamule balkan simevaril byzantine hitsambandhansathi gambhir dhoka dhoka gapidscha samavesh asatana balkanpasoon italiparyantcha bhoomarg khula raheel. 535 pasoon italian dweepkalpavar austrogoth aanee byzantine yanchyatil gothick yuddh suru hote; justinianla garaj bhasalyas sainya italila pathvu shakayache hote.
dii bello gauthico" madheel samkalin prokopiyasanusar (gothick yuddhasandarbhat "dii bellis" chaa vibhag), justinianne 537 madhye purvichya roman shahar sirmiamchya gapidsney tabyat ghetalyabaddal naraji vyakt kelee, jeey byzantinesathi adachani nirman karnyasathi austrogothdware swechhene aatmasamarpan kele asave. italitil yuddhat shuturmurganvarhi kabja hota aanee tyanni dweepkalpat tyanchi malmatta tikavoon thevanyacha prayatna keela. syrmiumchya tabyat aalyanantar 539 madhye gapids aanee byzantine yanchyatil raktaranjit sangharsh jhaala, jyamule nantarchya sainikancha malak asalelya calackcha jeev gela aanee dassia repensis (serbia) aanee singidunum (belgrade) chya gapidsche nuksan jhaale. yamule, justinianne gapids aanee byzantinela bandhaleli yutee sampushtat aanali aanee gapidsna shraddhanjali dene bund kele hote, aanee tyanna lombardmadhye tyanchya virodhat thevanyasathi shatru shodhala hota.
lombards, gapids aanee byzantine yancha samavesh asalelya yuddhachya dishene ubharani bahudha 548 kinwa 549 madhye suru jhaali, audion aanee thuricind pratyekane justinianchya darbarat eka dutavas pathavala, jyastiniyankadun lashkari pathimba midvanyachya prayatnat kinwa kiman, thurisindchya babatit, tatasthatechi pratidnya ghenyasathi. nyayvadi lokanna prabhavit karnyasathi, thurisindchya dutanni tyanna tyanchya yutichi pradirgh parampara aathavali aanee byzantiumchya shatrunshi ladhanyache vachan dile. tathapi, samratane lombardschee bajoo ghetali; tyane tyanna aupcharik mitra banavale aanee gapidschya virodhat sainya puravanyache vachan dile. justinianchya drushtikonatun, gothick yuddhachya mothya sandarbhat heey yuddh mahattvache hote, kaaran itali aanee balkan yanchyat khule jameen sampark thevanyasathi panoniacha taba ghene dhoranatmakdrushtya aavashyak hote.
sangharsh kevha suru jhaala yavar itihaskar vaad ghalatat. pahilya yuddhachya prastavit tarkha ektar 547 kinwa 549 aahet. donhi lokanni maidan sweekarle tyach velee, johnchya netrutvakhali 10,000-shaktishali byzantine ghodadal, ilirikamcha magister milicium, gapidschya virodhat kooch kele. johnchya aagmanapurvi, thurisindane audioinla yuddhaviram deu keela joou swikarla gela. parinami, jevha byzantine aale, tevha yuddh aadhich sampale hote, parantu gapidschya herulian mitranshi tyancha sangharsh honyapurvi nahee. yuddhaviramavar shikkamortab karnyasathi audionne magani kelee qee thurisindane tyachya darbarat atithi mhanoon mhanoon lombard mukutala dhong karnara ildigis sodoon dyava. thurisindane nakar deela, parantu tyane ildigies yanna gapids sodoon dusra aashray shodhanyas bhag padale.
dusare lombard-gapid yuddh aanee justinionberobercha tanav.
549 kinwa 550 madhye, gapids aanee lombards punha ekmekanviruddha kooch kele parantu, procopiuschya matey, donhi sainya ghabarale aanee konatihi ladhai jhaali nahee. parinami, eka naveen yuddh talhale gele aanee thurisindane audoinchi done varshanchya yuddhaviramasathichi vinanti sweekarli. istwan bonachya matey, bhiticha sambandh naisargik ghataneshi jodala jaau shakatoh juuna 25/26,549 roji chandragrahan jhaale.
ughadpane shatrutvapurna byzantine samrajyacha samna karava lagalyane aanee yuddhaviram sampushtat aalyanantar lombardsburoberche yuddh punha suru honyachi shakyata lakshat gheta, thurisindane justinionvar dabav aananyacha marg mhanoon naveen mitrancha shodh ghetala. tyala kutrigurankadun madat midali, jyanna tyane 550 kinwa 551 madhye yuddhaviram sampepurvi aanee kadachit gapids naveen sangharshala chalana denyasathi tayar honyapurvi, danube olandun byzantine ilirikammadhye nele. mage valoon pahatana, jarr dusare lombard-gapid yuddh lakshat gheuun karar keela gela asata tarr teey khoop lavkar yenyaivaji khoop ushirane pohochale asateel.
kutrigur aakramanala tond dett, justinianne aakramankartyanviruddh aapali yutee sakriy kelee, shejarchya yutiguranna ekatra kele, jyanni mitrakrimiyan tetraxiteskadoon madat magitali. tyaa velee balkanmadhye anek yoddhe karyarat hote yaa vastusthiticha fayda ghet, nantarchya lokanni kutrigurchya matrubhoomivar aakraman kele. hallyachi mahitee midalyanantar, kalya samudrachya vayavya vayavya aaplya matrubhumiche rakshan karnyasathi kutriguranna balkan sodane bhag padale.
thurisindane byzantiumchya aanakhi eka shatruche, scleveniche sanrakshn kele aanee tyala protsahan dile. kutriguranpramanech, thurisindane danubevaryl aaplya niyantranacha vapar, gulam hallekhoranna byzantine pradeshat aananyasathi aanee tethoon nenyasathi keela aanee yaa prakriyet tyanchyakadun paise midavale.
tisare lombard-gapid yuddh.
italitil shuturmurganviruddha moheem dall pathvanyachya justinianchya yojananna thurisindchya pudhakaramule varanvar adthala aala. udaharanarth, akheris gothcha parabhav karnyachya aashene, april 551 madhye nursesschya sainyane sthir lokanna salonasathi sodale, parantu kutriguranni swatahla philipopolis (plovdiv) yethe adavale.
yamule nyayvadi thurisindshi karar karoon, danubian-parche halle thambavu shakale aanee nantarche swikaranyas adhik anandi jhaale. thurisindchya dutanni byzantine aanee lombards sarkhya bandhane asalelya yutichi magani kelee. yutee majboot karnyavyatirikt, tyanni 12 cinetersna karar kayam thevanyachi shapath ghenyachi magani kelee aanee tyanna midali. yanantar, 551 madhye, 400 gapid narsesachya sainyat ladhanyasathi pathvanyat aale, jeey italila pathvanyat aale-audoin aanee hajaro herulidware pathavalelya 5,500 lombardschya tulanet eka vinamra sainya.
552 madhye jevha yuddhaviram sampala, tevha thuricind aanee audion punha maidanat utarale aanee yaveli sangharsh apariharya hota. audoinne justinianshi karar keela hota, jyadvare byzantine italitil samratachya yuddhat byzantine general narcessna madat karnyasathi pathavalelya 5,500 lombardschya badalyat tyala lashkari pathbal denyache vachan dile hote.
done varshancha yuddhaviram aata sampushtat yenyachya jawal hota aanee lombardsney byzantine tyanchyamadhye sthapan jhalelya yuticha aadar karnyas sangitale. samratane gapidsberoberchi naveen yutee todanyache kaaran shodhun kadhale aanee tyanni punha gulamanvar hallah hallah lokanna nele asalyacha dawa keela. tyane germanusche putra justine aanee justinian, aratius, herulian suartuas aanee audoinche mehune amalafried yasarkhya prasiddha senapatinsah eka sainya ekatra kele. ulpiyanamadhye usalalelya bandamule bahutansh sainya valale; amalafriedchya netrutvakhalil keval eka sainya yuddhbhumivar pohochale.
tisare lombard-gapid yuddh kevha suru jhaale yavar vidwan vaad ghalatat; heey heey yuddhanantar done varshanni ghadale yavar sahmati aahe. sambhavya tarkha ektar 551 kinwa 552 aahet. 551 chee tarikh, jyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee 552 madhye audionne aadhich tyachya 5,500 yoddhyanna narceschya italian mohimet pathavale hote, toparyant tisare lombard-gapid yuddh sampale asave; walter pole sarkhya vidvanancha nishedh aahe qee heey audionne jepidschya virodhat pathavalelya kahee sainikanvar, narcessna prachand pathimba deunahi, justinianla kelelya nindashi virodhabhas aahe.
jevha taha sampala, tevha audionne gapidswar hallah keela aanee syrmiumchya paschimes jhalelya esfeldchya nirnayak ladhait thurisindacha chendamenda jhaala. yaa ladhaicha ullekh jordenne 'roman' madhye yaa pradeshatil aataparyantchya sarvat raktaranjit ladhayanpaiki eka mhanoon keela hota, jyat kiman 60,000 yoddhe marle gele hote. rajacha mulga tourismode dekhil maran pavala, audoincha mulga alboin yane eka dvandvayuddhat marla, jyachya aadhare paulchya matey deakenne ladhai aanee yuddh yaa donhincha nirnay ghetala. yuddhanantar, gapids punha kadhihi ghatananchya aakarat rachnatmak bhoomika bajavu shakale naheet.
shantata.
gapidschya parabhavamule panonian panonian bhoo-rajkiy badal jhaala, kaaran tyamule gapidsdware samrajyasathi darshavilela dhoka sampala. gapidscha purn parabhav mhanje tyanche rajya sampane aanee lombardsney tyavar vijay midvane, parantu nyayvadi, yaa pradeshat santulan rakhanyachya ichchhene, eka 'shashvat shantata' ladali jyamule gapids vachale; teey daha varshe palale gele, jyane thuricind aanee audion donhi jagale. byzantine ladalelya shantata kararacha bhag mhanoon, yuddhapurvi navhe, tarr yach prasangi lombards aanee gapids yanni narsus yethe sainya pathavale asave. yaa arthamadhye, yuddhat jhalelya mothya nuksanisah aanee nyaynivedkambaddal jaanavalelya narajisah, pathavalelya alpasankhyak bhovalya yoddhyanche spashtikaran dile jaau shakate. samratane thurisindavar kahee pradeshik savalatihi ladalya, jyamule tyala dassia repensis aanee singidunamcha pradesh parat karnyas bhag padale.
sampoorn shantata prasthapit karnyasathi, thurishindla pratham tyaa ildigi lokanshi samna karava lagla jyanna thurishindachya darbarat aadaratithya midale hote. audoinne tyala parat bolavanyachi punha magani kelee aanee justinian yaa vinantimadhye sameel jhaala. audoin aanee justinian yaa doghansobatahi yuddh punha suru karnyas thurisindachi anichha asoonahi, tyala pahunchar niyamanche ughadpane ullanghan karayache navhate aanee tyamule tyala ostrogotha denyachi magani karoon vinanti talhanyacha prayatna keela; shevati, ughadpane sharan jaane aanee tyach velee yuddhache nutanikaran karane donhi talhanyasathi, donhi rajanni aapapalya pahunyanchi hatya kelee parantu yaa krutyat tyancha sahbhag gupt thewala.
rajacha mulga tourismodecha mrutyu aanee yuddh sampalyanantar lagechach 552 madhye paul daad deakenne sangitalelya kathet thurisindache thalak vaishishtya aahe. samanyatah alboinla samarpit asalelya eka veer kavyacha magova ghenari hii katha alboin aanee thurisindchya patrambhovati firateh lombardschya prathenusar, tyachya vadilanchya tablower basanyacha adhikar midvanyasathi, alboinne paradeshi rajakadoon aadaratithyachi magani kelee pahije aanee nantarchya vyaktine tyala haat deela pahije. yaa diksha swikaranyasathi, alboin 40 sathidaransah thurisindchya darbarat gela.
thurisindane, aadaratithyachya niyamanche palan kartana, alboin aanee tyachya sathidaranche swagat kele aanee tyanchya sanmanarth mejavaniche aayojan kele, jithe tyacha mrut mulga nehmi basalela hota tyaa thikani alboin arpan keela. tourismodecha bhau kunimand aanee alboinchya pratyuttarkartyane kelelya upahasanantar, thurisindchya hastakshepamule sangharsh talhala gela, jyane shantata punarsanchayit kelee aanee alboinla tourismodechya bahunni door pathavale. kathechya satyatevar vishvas vishvas istwan boona yanchya matey, hii ghatana paulane varnan kelyapramane ghadali asavi, parantu tyat thurisindavar audoinne ladaleli gupt shantata aut dekhil pratibimbit houu shakate, jyaa antargat bholya rajala tyachya mulachya mulachya shastrastra dyave lagale.
thuricind 560 chya sumaras maran pavala aanee tyacha mulga kunimand, japidscha shevatcha raja, tyachya jaagi aala; tyachya netrutvakhali thurisindchya lokancha 567 madhye lombards aanee awar yaa 558 madhye madhya europemadhye sthalantarit jhalelya turkey bhatkya lokanchya sanyukt yutidvare naash karnyat aala. naveen lombard raja alboinne kunimandala yuddhbhumivar thaar marle aanee tyachi mulgi rosemundla bandivasat ghetale.

