
vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara

vafechya sahayyane honare gurutviya nichara (sagged; "sagg-dii") heey avjad kachche teel aanee bitumen tayar karnyasathiche eka vardhit teel punarprapti tantradnyan aahe. haah vafechya uttejanancha eka pragat prakar aahe jyamadhye ekachya kahee meater unchivar asalelya aadvya vihirinchi eka jodee teel sathyat khodali jaate. teel garam karnyasathi aanee tyachi chikatpana qamee karnyasathi uchch daab asaleli waf varchya vihireet satat takali jaate, jyamule garam kelele teel khalchya vihireet jaate, jithe teey baher pump kele jaate. dow. 1955 teey 1982 yaa kalat shahee telache abhiyanta asalele rogger butler yanni 1970 chya dashakat vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara (sagged) prakriyecha shodh lavala. butlerne "khankamasathi khoop khol manalya jaananya bitumenchya kahee sathe vikasit karnyasathi vihirinchya aadvya jodya vaparanyachi sankalpana vikasit kelee aanee vafeche injection dile". 1983 madhye butler heey alberta oil sands technology andd research authority (aii. oo. ess. tii. aar. aii.) yaa, alberta premiere loghidne teel valoo aanee avjad kachchya telachya utpadanasathi naveen tantradnyanala protsahan denyasathi tayar kelelya kraun corporationsathi tantrik karyakramanche sanchalak jhaale. austrane teel valoo nishkarshan tantradnyanatil aashadayak navkalpana mhanoon sagadla twarit pathimba deela.
vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara (sagged) aanee chakriy vafeche uddipan (see. ess. ess.) vafeche injection (teel udyog) yaa done vyavsayikdrushtya vaparlya jaanarya prathamik aushnik punarprapti prakriya aahet jyaa bhuvaidnyanik nirmitichya up-ekkanmadhye telachya valumadhye vaparlya jaatat, jase qee bhavya jalad pravah nirmiti, swachchh paanee nirmiti, mcmurray nirmiti, samanya petroleum valoo, manville samoohachi lloydminster valoo, jee paschim canadachya gaal khoyatil eka starikrut shreni aahe.
canada haah aata americela aayat kelelya telacha sarvat motha puravathadar aahe, joou amerikechya aayatipaiki 35 takkyanhun adhik, saudi arabia kinwa venezuelapeksha khoop jaast aanee serve opec deshanchya ektrit purvathyapeksha jaast puravato. bahutek naveen utpadan albertamadhil mothya teel valuchya sathyanmadhun yete. teel valoo punarpraptichya done prathamik paddhati aahet. patti-khaan tantra samanya lokansathi adhik parichit aahe, parantu keval uthal bitumen sathyansathi vaparale jaau shakate. tathapi, uthal bhaganchya sabhovatalachya mothya khol sathyansathi vafechya sahayyane kelele sarvat alikadil gurutviya nichara tantra (ess. aii. jee. dii.) adhik yogya aahe. canadachya teel valootil utpadanat bhavishyatil apekshit vaadh sagadmadhun hoil assa andaj aahe.
vafechya sahayyane honare gurutviya nichara utsarjan heey vafechya puur prakalpandware utsarjit honanya utsarjanachya barobariche aahe, jeey californiachya kern nadee teel kshetrat aanee jagbharatil itaratra avjad teel tayar karnyasathi byanch kalapasoon vaparale jaat aahet.
varnan.
judd teel kinwa bitumen utpadanachi sagged prakriya hii californiachya kern nadee teel kshetratun judd teel tayar karnyasathi moolatah vikasit kelelya vafechya injection tantravar eka sudharana aahe. vafechya serve purprakriyanchi gurukilli mhanje utpadan nirmitimadhye ushnata pohochavane, jyamule judd telachi chikatpana qamee hoil aanee tee utpadan vihirikade jaau shakel. californiachya avjad teel kshetransathi vikasit keleli chakriy vafechi uttejana (see. ess. ess.) prakriya, thund talavachya teel valusarkhya alberta telachya valuchya kahee bhagatoon teel tayar karnyas saksham hotee, parantu athabaska teel valoo aanee shantata nadichya teel valumadhye judd aanee khol sathyanmadhun bitumen tayar karnyas dekhil kaam karoo shakali nahee, jithe albertache bahutek teel valuche sathe aahet. yaa mothya sathyanchya nirmitisathi, sagged prakriya vikasit karnyat aalee, pramukhyane dow. alberta oil sands tantradnyan aanee sanshodhan pradhikaran aanee udyog bhagidaranchya madatine imperial oilche rogger butler. jevha telache darr kiman 30 teey 35 dollar prati baryl asatat tevha rashtriy urja mandalane sagged prakriyecha aarthik andaj vartavala aahe.
sagged prakriyet, done samantar aadvya telachya vihiri tayar kartana khodalya jaatat, eka dusyachya sumare 4 teey 6 meater unchivar. varchya vihireet vafecha inject asato aanee khalchya vihireet gurutvakarshanamule khalee vahanare garam kelele kachche teel kinwa bitumen gola hote, tasech inject kelelya vafechya ghanikaranatun punarprapt kelele paanee gola hote. sagged prakriyecha aadhar assa aahe qee jalashayasah aushnik sampark sthapit keela jaato jenekarun injection kelele waf "vafeche kaksh" tayar karate. vafetil ushnata judd kachchya telachi kinwa bitumenchi chikatpana qamee karate jyamule tee khalchya vihireet khalee vahoo shakate. khalee dilelya judd kachchya telachya tulanet vafechi ghanata qamee asalyamule vafechi aanee sambandhit vayuchi vaadh hote, jyamule qamee utpadan asalelya vihireet vafechi nirmiti honar nahee yachee khatri hote, vafechya kakshat vadhanyacha cull asato, jyamule telane sodali asaleli rikt jaaga bharate. sambandhit vayoo, kahee pramanat, vafechya varr (aanee tyachya aaspas) eka avahak ushnatechi aachchadan tayar karato. teel aanee panyacha pravah haah khalchya vihireet pratipravahadvare, gurutvakarshanadvare chalavala jaanara nichara aahe. sankshepan kelele paanee aanee kachche teel kinwa bitumen heey pragat pokali pampandware prushthbhagavar punarprapt kele jaate jeey nilambit ghan padarthansah uchch-chikatpanache drav halavanyasathi changle kaam karatat.
up-shitalan mhanje utpadak dabavaril panyache sampruktata tapman (kwathanank) aanee daab mojala jaato tyach thikanchya vastavik tapmanatil farak. drav patali utpadakachya jitaki jaast asel titke tapman qamee hoil aanee up-sheetalata jaast asel. tathapi, vastavik jivanatil jalashay heey nehmich vaividhyapurn asatat, tyamule vihirichya sampoorn aadvya lambivar eksaman up-shitalan sadhya karane atyant katheen hote. parinami, anek chalakanna, jevha asman avikasit vafechya kaksh vikasacha samna karava lagato, tevha sampoorn vihireet bitumen garam thevanyasathi utpadkamadhye thodya pramanat vafecha pravesh karoo detat, tyamule vihirisah jalashayachya thund bhaganmadhye ushnata hastantarit karnyachya atirikt fayadhyasah tyachi chikatpana qamee thevate. jevha prachalke dirgh bund kalavadhinantar kinwa prarambh prakriya mhanoon utpadkamadhye vafecha janivpurvak prasar karatat tevha kadhikadhi aanshik sagged mhanoon olakhala jaanara aanakhi eka prakar vaparla jaato. jaree up-shitalache uchch moolya aushnik karyakshamatechya drushtikonatun isht asale taree tyat samanyatah vafechya injectionchya darat ghat samavisht asate parantu qamee tapmanamule sambandhit uchch chikatpana aanee bitumenchya qamee gatishilatemule utpadan kinchit qamee hote. atishay uchch up-shitalapachi aanakhi eka kamatarata mhanje injectorchya varr vafechya kakshatil vikas tikavoon thevanyasathi vafecha daab akheris puresa nasanyachi shakyata, kahivela parinami vafechya kaksh kosalatat jethe ghanroop vafemule injectorla puur yeto aanee kaksh pudhil vikasas adthala nirman hoto.
andaje jalashay dabavar injection aanee utpadan vihirinche satat sanchalan kelyane asthiratechya samasya door hotat jyaa serve uchch daab aanee chakriy vafechya prakriyanna tras detat aanee sagged eka gulgulit, agadi utpadan dekhil nirman karate jeey yogya jalashayanmadhye 70 teey 80 takkyanparyant asoo shakate. hii prakriya shelchya resha aanee vafechya aanee dravachya pravahatil itar ubhya adthalyambaddal tulanene asanvedanshil aahe kaaran, khadak garam hott asatana, bhinn aushnik vistaramule vaphe aanee dravpadarthanna gurutvakarshanachya pravahatoon utpadan vihirikade jaau dete. yamule anek patal shale adthale asalelya rachnanmadhyehi 60 teey 70 takke telachya punarprapticha darr shakya hoto. aushnikdrushtya, sagged samanyatah junya see. ess. ess. prakriyepeksha duppat karyaksham asate aanee parinami see. ess. ess. shhee sambandhit uchch dabamule vihirinche khoop qamee nuksan hote. teel punarpraptichya uchch darasah ektrit, yacha arth assa aahe qee jalashay vajvi pramanat jaad asalelya chakriy vafechya prakriyepeksha sagged adhik kifayatshir aahe.
itihas.
gurutviya nichara kalpana moolatah dow. 1970 chya dashakat 1975 madhye shahee telache abhiyanta rogger butler yanni butlerchi sarnia, auntario yethoon calgary, albertamadhye tyanchya avjad teel sanshodhan prayatnanche netrutva karnyasathi badali kelee. 1980 madhye tyanni shahee telasah yaa sankalpanechi chachani kelee, thund talavatil prayogik chachanimadhye, jyat ubhya injectors udhyogatil pahilya aadvya vihirinpaiki eka hotee.
alberta oil sands technology andd research authority (aii. oo. ess. tii. aar. aii.) 1974.
1974 madhye, albertache pantpradhan pieter loghid yanni teel valoo aanee avjad kachchya telachya utpadanasathi naveen tantradnyanachya vikas aanee vaparala protsahan denyasathi aanee paramparik kachchya telachi vadhati punarprapti karnyasathi alberta kraun corporation mhanoon alberta teel valoo tantradnyan aanee sanshodhan pradhikaran (aii. oo. ess. tii. aar.) tayar kele. tyachi pahili suvidha daha audhyogik sahbhaginchya malkichi aanee chalavali jaat hotee aanee teela alberta heritage savings trust fandasah puresa sarkari pathimba (german aanee mcclenan 2005) midala. paramparik prushthbhagavaril khaan tantradnyanacha vapar karoon punarprapt karata naan aalelya athabaska teel valuchya tyaa bhagasathi yogya tantradnyanacha shodh ghene heey ostrache mukhya uddisht hote.
1984 madhye austra bhoomigat chachani suvidha.
1984 madhye, austrane inn-seatoo sagged bitumen punarprapti suvidha mhanoon mackay nadya aanee synchruid prakalpachya paschimes devon nadichya darmyan asalelya athabaska teel valumadhye bhoomigat chachani suvidha suru kelee. yethech tyanchi julya (aadvya) saad vihirinchi pahili chachani jhaali, jee sankalpanechi vyavharyata siddha karate, 1992 madhye teen vihirinchya jodyanmadhun sumare utpadan darane sakaratmak rokh pravah sadhya karate.
palak khadee.
1996 madhye bandhanyat aalela aanee senoves urjedware chalavala jaanara alberta canadatil palak khadee prakalp haah pahila vyavsayik vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara (sagged) prakalp hota aanee 2010 paryant royalty payout darja gathanara albertamadhil sarvat motha vyavsayik sagged prakalp banala. " 
mool yu. tii. eff. sagad vihiri chunkhadichya aateel ozetil bogdyatoon aadvya paddhatine khodanyat aalya hotya, jyat ubhya khaninchya khambansah pravesh keela gela hota. hii sankalpana dishatmak khodkam tantrachya vikasashi julali jyamule companyanna aadvya vihiri achookpane, swastat aanee karyakshamatene khodanyachi mubha midali, asha prakare qee paramparik ubhya vihireet khodkam karane aata katheen jhaale. aadvya vihirinchya jodya khodanyacha qamee kharch aanee sagged prakriyecha khoop uchch punarprapti darr (tyaa jaagi asalelya telachya 60 takkyanparyant) yamule sagged heey teel companyansathi aarthikdrushtya aakarshak aahe.
sanovesne niyamit sagged operationsdware vagalaleli avashisht sansadhane punarprapt karnyasathi tyachya paytant kelelya 'ways well' tantradnyanacha vapar keela aahe, yamule operationcha ekoon punarprapti darr sudharato. ways well' tantradnyan, segged steam chambers jevha tyaa tappyaparyant paripakv jhaale qee teey villin jhaale aanee drav sampreshanachya prakriyet aahet aanee nantar tyaa jalashay kshetrat karyarat segged vihirinchya jodyanmadhil punarprapt karnyasathi jeey shillak aahe teey avashisht, bipass kelele teel aahe, asey, done sthapit karyarat segged vihirinchya jodyanmadhil eka infill vihir khodoon, niyamit segged operationmadhye vagalalelya avashisht bitumenmadhye pravesh karoon karya karate. ways well tantradnyan qamee bhandavali kharchat ekoon punarprapti darr 5%-10% neey sudharate asey darshavile gele aahe kaaran ekada vafeche kaksh drav sampreshanachya tappyaparyant paripakv jhaale qee qamee vafechi aavashyakta asate aanee samanyatah punarprapti prakriyechya yaa tappyavar, jyala samanyatah 'blow daun' tappa mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate, injection kelelya vafechya jaagi mithensarkhya ghanibhoot naan honanya vayuchi jaaga ghetali jaate, jyamule utpadan kharch aanakhi qamee hoto.
sadhyache anuprayog.
heey tantradnyan suruvatila vyavsayikdrushtya vyavharya navhate. 2000 chya dashakat telachya vadhatya kimmatinchya kalat heey ghadale. 1990chya dashkaparyant paramparik khodkam paddhati prachalit hotya, parantu 21vya shatkatil kachchya telachya uchch kimmati kachchya telachya adhik aparamparik paddhatinna (jase qee sagged) protsahan dett aahet. canadachya teel valumadhye anek sagged prakalp pragatipathavar aahet, kaaran yaa pradeshat jagatil bitumenchya sarvat mothya sathyanpaiki eka aahe (canada aanee venezuela yethe jagatil sarvat mothe sathe aahet).
sagged prakriyemule alberta urja sansadhan sanwardhan mandalala (eae. aar. see. bii.) tyache siddha teel sathya 17.9 abj barrelparyant vadhavta aalya, jyamule canadache teel sathya venezuela aanee saudi arabianantar jagatil tisya kramankachya sarvoch patalivar vadhalya aanee uttar americetil teel sathyanmadhye andaje chaupat vaadh jhaali. 2011 paryant, telachya valucha satha sumare 169 abj baryl itka aahe.
tote.
teel aanee paanee yanche sambandh.
sagged hii aushnik punarprapti prakriya mothya pramanat paanee aanee naisargik vayoo vaparte.
"prushthbhagavaril khaan tantradvare kadhalelya canadachya teel valootil petroleum paramparik teel khodkamapeksha 20 putt jaast paanee vaparu shakate."tathapi, 2011 paryant vadhatya mahattvachya vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara tantrat (ess. aii. jee. dii.) vaparlya jaananya panyachya pramanachi apuri mahitee hotee. bashpibhavak heey sagadchya nirmitichya panyavar prakriya karoon sagadchya karyat punha vaparasathi uchch darjache godya panyachi nirmiti karoo shakatat. tathapi, bashpibhavak mothya pramanat sphotit kachara tayar karatat jyasathi pudhil vyavasthapanachi aavashyakta asate.
vafechya nirmitisathi naisargik vayucha vapar.
serve aushnik punarprapti prakriyanpramanech, vafechya nirmiticha kharch haah teel utpadanachya kharchacha eka pramukh bhag aahe. aitihasikdrushtya, teel valoo kshetrat mothya pramanat adakalelya vayoo sathyanmule canadachya teel valoo prakalpansathi naisargik vayucha indhan mhanoon vapar keela jaat aala aahe. tathapi, canada aanee americetil bahereel bajarpethanmadhye naisargik vayoo pipeline bandhalyamule, vayuchi kimmat haah eka mahattvacha vichar banala aahe. canadatil naisargik vayuche utpadan shikharavar aahe aanee aata qamee hott aahe hii dekhil eka samasya aahe. ushnata nirman karnyachya itar strotancha vichar suru aahe, visheshtah utpadit bitumenchya judd apurnankanche singas tayar karnyasathi gasification, kolshachya jawalchya (aanee mothya) sathyancha vapar karane kinwa ushnata tayar karnyasathi anubhattya bandhane.
vafechya nirmitisathi panyacha vapar.
sagged prakriyesathi waf tayar karnyasathi mothya pramanat taje aanee khaare paanee aanee mothya pramanat paanee punarchakran suvidhancha srot aavashyak aahe. panyacha vapar aanee vyavsthapanababat charcha karnyasathi paanee haah eka lokpriy vishay aahe. 2008 paryant, american petroleum utpadan (saigadpurte maryadit nahee) darroj 5 abj gallenpeksha jaast utpadit paanee tayar karate. mothya pramanat paanee vaparnyachya chintecha, panyachya gunavatteshi, tyaeivaji vaparlelya panyachya pramananshi farsa sambandh nahee. paramparikaritya sagged prakriyet vaparlya jaananya panyachya pramanapaiki sumare 7 kotee ghanmeter paanee taje, prushthbhagache, panyache hote. 2010 paryant, jevha andaje 1 kotee 80 laakh ghanmeter vaparale gele, tevha godya panyachya vaparat lakshaniy ghat jhaali aahe. godya panyachya vaparatil mothya pramanat ghat bharoon kadhanyasathi udhyoganni tyat samavisht asalelya kharya bhoojalatil pramanat lakshaniy vaadh karnyas suruvat kelee aahe. yamule, tasech itar samanya jaal bachat tantranmule teel valuchya vaparadvare prushthbhagavaril panyacha vapar utpadan suru jhalyapasun tippat qamee houu shakala aahe.
gurutviya nichara vyavasthevar avalambun, sagadsathi tulanene jaad aanee eksandh jalashayanchi dekhil aavashyakta asate aanee tyamule teey serve avjad teel utpadan kshetransathi yogya nasate.
paryayi paddhati.
2009 paryant, vyavsayikdrushtya lagoo kelelya done prathamik aushnik punarprapti prakriya, vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara (sagged) aanee chakriy vafechi uttejana (see. ess. ess.), swachchh panyat teel valoo utpadanat aanee albertamadhil thund talav kshetratil khalchya bhavya jalad rapidschya nirmitimadhye vaparlya gelya.
chakriy vafechi uttejana (see. ess. ess.).
canadachya naisargik sansadhananmadhye bitumen sansadhane vikasit karnyasathi chakriy waf kinwa "huff andd puff" tantradnyanacha vapar keela jaato. yaa tantradnyanasathi eka vihirinchi aavashyakta asate aanee utpadanat nirmitichya tappyanpurvi fracture aanee ushnata vadhavanyasathi injection asate. pahili waf, sheet bitumen ekatra karoon, anek aathvade kinwa mahine fracture pointchya varr dilee jaate, tyanantar tee vihir anek aathvade kinwa mahine bund kelee jaate jenekarun waf tayar honyat bhiju shakel. tyanantar injection vihirinvaril pravah ulatoon tyach injection vihiritoon teel tayar kele jaate. injection aanee utpadan tappyanmadhye ektritpane eka chakr asate. jevha jalashay thund jhalyamule telache utpadan darr nirnayak maryadechya khalee ghasaratat tevha naveen chakr suru karnyasathi vafeche punha injection dile jaate. chakriy vafechya uttejanamadhye anek see. ess. ess. pathpurava kinwa vadhiv prakriya dekhil aahet, jyat daab vadhavane aanee khalee udavane (pii. bii. dii.), mishra vihir vafecha pravah aanee nichara (emm. doubleu. ess. dii.), vafecha nishkarshan (weapex), bitumen (lesar) aanee etch. pii. see. ess. ess. chya sahayyit sagged aanee sankarit prakriyechya vadhiv punarpraptisathi vafemadhye drav jodane yancha samavesh aahe.
uchch daab chakriy vafechi uttejana (etch. pii. see. ess. ess.).
"alberta telachya valootil serve" "inn seatoo" "utpadanachya andaje 35 takke uchch daab chakriy vafechi uttejana (etch. pii. see. ess. ess.) navache tantra vapartat, jeey done tappyandarmyan chakr karateh pratham, bhoojalatil valumadhye vafeche injection dile jaate, jyamule teey tutate aanee nirmiti garam hote, see. ess. ess. pramanech bitumen mauu hote, aanakhi jaast daab vagalata; nantar, chakr utpadanakade valate jithe parinami bitumen aanee vafeche garam mishran (jyala" "bitumen emulsion" mhanatat) tyach vihiritoon prushthbhagavar pump kele jaate, punha see. ess. ess. pramane, parinami daab ghat utpadanala aarthik tappyaparyant mandavate toparyant ". tyanantar hii prakriya anek vela punaravrutti kelee jaate."alberta urja niyamak (aii. aar.) chya vrutt prakashanane uchch daab chakriy vafechi uttejana (etch. pii. see. ess.) aanee vafechya sahayyane gurutvakarshan nichara (ess. aii. jee. dii.) yateel farak spasht keela. "etch. pii. see. ess. ess. chaa vapar albertamadhye 30 varshanhun adhik kaal teel punarpraptisathi keela jaat aahe. yaa paddhatimadhye sabhovatalachya jalashay dabapeksha khoop varr, dirghkal jalashayat uchch daab vafeche injection dene samavisht aahe. ushnata bitumenla mauu karat asatana aanee paanee bitumenla patal karoon valupasoon vegale karat asatana, dabamule fracture, phaat aanee chhidra tayar hotat jyadvare bitumen punha vafechya injector vihirinmadhye jaau shakate. etch. pii. see. ess. ess. vafechya sahayyane honanya gurutviya nichara (ess. aii. jee. dii.) operationspeksha vegala aahe, jithe jalashayala todalyashivay qamee dabavar satat vafeche injection dile jaate aanee prathamik punarprapti yantrana mhanoon gurutviya nichara vaparale jaate."
thund talavajaval swachchh panyachya nirmitimadhye, uchch daab chakriy vafechya uttejanasathi (etch. pii. see. ess. ess.) albertacha vapar keela jaato. tithe aadvya aanee ubhya asha donhi vihiri aahet. injection haah fracture presharvar asato. aadvya vihirinsathi 60 meater teey 180 meater antar aahe. ubhya vihirinsathi ubhya vihirinche antar 2 teey 8 ekar aahe. vikas 7 dashalaksh nivval pagaraitka qamee asoo shakato. samanyatah kiman talache paanee kinwa varchya bajula gass nasalelya bhagat yacha vapar keela jaato. see. ess. aar. 3 teey 4.5 aahe. antim punarprapti 15 teey 35 takke asalyacha andaj aahe. swachchh paanee aanee khalchya bhavya jalad pravahanchya rachana, aadvya vihirinchya jodya (700 teey 1000 meater), karyarat daab 3 teey 5 mpa, jalalelya talavachya sagadcha vapar, vistar dabajavalil uchch karyarat daab, 75 meater teey 120 meater antar, 10 meater nivval pagaraparyant qamee vikas, talachya panyasah kinwa nasalelya bhagat, see. ess. aar.: 2.8 teey 4.0 (100% gunavattevar), antim punarprapticha andajah 45 teey 55 takke.
canadian natural resources limited (see. aine. aar. ell.) chey primerose aanee wolf lake inn situ oil sands prakalp, see. aine. aar. ell. chya sahayyak kshitij teel valudvare chalavalya jaananya swachchh panyachya nirmititil alberta, uchch daab chakriy vafechya uttejanancha (etch. pii. see. ess. ess.) vapar karatat.
waf nishkarshan (vapex).
paryayi vardhit teel punarprapti yantranet weapex (vafechya sahayyane petroleum nishkarshan), electro-thermal dynamic stripping process (eae. tii.-dii. ess. pii.) aanee aay. ess. see. (inn seatoo jwalan) yancha samavesh hoto. weapex hii eka gurutva-nichara prakriya aahe jee judd teel visthapit karnyasathi kinwa tayar karnyasathi vafeaivaji vafeyukt dravkancha vapar karate aanee tyachi chikatpana qamee karate, yacha shodh dekhil butlerne lavala hota.
eae. tii.-dii. ess. pii. hii eka paytant prakriya aahe jee sadhya ubhya vihirincha vapar karoon bitumen tayar karnyasathi telachya valuche sathe garam karnyasathi vijecha vapar karate. aay. ess. see. ushnata nirman karnyasathi oxygencha vapar karate jyamule telachi chikatpana qamee hote; tyachbarobar judd kachchya telane nirman jhalelya carbon dioxidemule teel utpadan vihirinkade visthapit hote. payanchya payachya tachanpasun tachanchya havechya injectionsathi eka aay. ess. see. paddhatichya paddhatis thaee mhanatat. saskatchevanmadhil thaee suvidha 2017 madhye proton technology canada ink. neey kharedi kelee hotee., jyanni yaa thikani shuddha hydrogenche pruthakkaran darshavile aahe. carbon jaminivar sodane aanee hydrocarbonsmadhun keval hydrogen kadhane heey protonche uddisht aahe.
sudharit sudharit vafecha aanee vayucha daab (eae. emm. ess. aii. jee. pii.).
emsagp hii eka meeg urja paytant prakriya aahe jyamadhye megne senoveschya bhagidarit, 'vardhit sudharit vaphe aanee vayoo push' (emsagp) navachi sudharit punarprapti prakriya vikasit kelee, jee sagged utpadakanchya unchivar, jawalchya sagged vihirinchya jodyanchya darmyan asalelya atirikt utpadakancha vapar karoon saggedchi aushnik karyakshamta sudharanyasathi tayar keleli sagpchi sudharana aahe. heey atirikt utpadak, jyanna samanyatah 'bharav vihiri' mhanoon sambodhale jaate, teey eae. emm. ess. aii. jee. pii. punarprapti pranalicha avibhajya bhag aahet.