vafechya enginacha itihas

pratham nond kelele prathamik vafeche engine ii. sha. puu. 30 teey 15 darmyan vitruviusne namood kelele aanee pahilya shatkatil roman egyptmadhye alexandriachya bagalene varnan kelele eolipile hote. nantar anek vafevar vafevar upkaranancha prayog kinwa prastav thevanyat aala, jase qee taakee all-deencha vafecha zenda, 16 vya shatkatil ottoman egyptmadhil vafecha turbine aanee 17 vya shatkatil englandmadhil thomas sevharicha vafecha pump. 1712 madhye, thomas newkmanche vatavaraniy engine heey 20 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant vaparale jaanare moolbhut prakarche vafeche engine asalele piston aanee cylinder yaa tattvacha vapar karnare pahile vyavsayikdrushtya yashasvi engine banale. kolasa khaninmadhun paanee baher kadhanyasathi vafechya enginacha vapar keela jaat asey.
audhyogik krantichya kalat, vafechya engines paanee aanee pawan urjechi jaaga ghenyas suruvat kelee aanee akheris 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20 vya shatkachya suruvatichya dashakanmadhye, jevha adhik karyaksham vafechya turbine aanee antargat jwalan enginemule vafechya engines jalad badali jhaali, tevha teey vijeche pramukh srot banale. vafechi turbine hii sarvat samanya paddhat bunley aahe jyadvare vidyut urja janitra chalavale jaatat. pragat vafechya tantradnyanachya naveen laharicha aadhar mhanoon paraspar vafechya engineche punarujjivan karnyachya vyavhariktebabat tapas keela jaat aahe.
purvavarti.
vafechya urjecha prarambhik vapar.
sarvat aadhi dnyat asalele prathamik vafeche engine aanee pratikriya vafeche turbine, eolipile, yache varnan pahilya shatkatil roman egyptmadhil alexandriachya bagulya navachya eka ganitshastradnya aanee abhiyantyane kele aahe, jeey tyachya hastalikhit 'spiritalia seyu neumatica' madhye nondavale aahe. yach yantracha ullekh vitruviusne sumare 100 varshanpurvi 'dii architecture' madhye dekhil keela hota. nalyanmadhun sparshikpane baher baher vafemule pivited baul firala. tyachi aushnik karyakshamta qamee hotee. yavarun asey soochit hote qee vafechya dabache yantrik halchalimadhye rupantar rupantar shatkat roman egyptmadhye dnyat hote. bund bhandyatil paanee mothya pramanat visthapit karnyasathi, vedichya aagit garam kelelya havecha vapar karnare eka yantrahi bagalene tayar kele. mandirachi daare chalvanyasathi eka lapaleli dori khechanyasathi panyache vajan tayar kele gele hote. kahee itihaskaranni done shodhancha mell ghaloon, chukine, asey mhatale aahe qee eolipile upayukt karya karnyas saksham hote.
malmesburychya viliyamchya matey, 1125 madhye, reims heey eka churchche ghar hote, jyat dabanapasun "garam panyane" baher baher havedware chalanara eka avyav hota, jyachi rachana aanee bandhani varvar pahata pradhyapak gerberts yanni kelee hotee.
15 vya shatkachya uttaradhatil leonardo daa vinsichya kagadpatranmadhye architonare navachya vafevar vafevar tofanchi rachana aahe, jee bandist, laal-garam tofamadhye garam panyachya achanak oghamule karya karate.
16 vya shatkatil ottoman egyptmadhil tatvadnya, khagolshastradnya aanee abhiyanta taakee all-deane yanni 1551 madhye vafechya turbinechya prathamik prabhavache varnan kele hote, jyanni chakanchya parighajaval anshatah vanver chakavar vafechya jetdware thunki firavanyachya paddhatiche varnan kele hote. thunki firavanyasathichya ashach eka yantrache varnan nantar johnn wilkins yanni 1648 madhye kele. yaa upkarananna tevha 'mills' mhatale jaat hote parantu aata teey steam jacq mhanoon olakhale jaatat. ashach prakarchi aanakhi eka prathamik vafechi turbine, jiovanni branca yaa italian abhiyantyane 1629 madhye eka dandgolakar palayan sadhan firavanyasathi darshavili aahe, jeey vaara-vaara mortarmadhye kaam insulation mulvyadhanchi jodee uchalate aanee padoo dete. yaa suruvatichya vafechya turbinecha vafecha pravah matra ekagra navhata aanee tyachi bahutek urja serve dishanni nasht jhaali hotee. yamule urjecha motha apavyay jhaala asata aanee tyamule audhyogik vaparasathi tyancha kadhihi gambhiryane vichar keela jaat nasey.
1605 madhye, french ganitshastradnya florence revoltne tofkhanyanvaril aaplya granthat tyachya shodhavar lihile qee jarr paanee bombshelmadhye adakale aanee garam kele tarr shelcha sphot hoil.
1606 madhye, spaniard geronimo dii ianz vaay beaumontne pratyakshik dakhavale aanee tyala vafevar vafevar panyachya pampasathi paytant denyat aale. spainmadhil gwadalkenalchya panyakhalil khanincha nichara karnyasathi yaa pampacha yashasvipane vapar karnyat aala.
vyavsayik vafechya enginacha vikas.
"1712 madhye thomas newkamanne ekatra aanalyavar, vafeche engine tayar jhaale asey shodh asey hoteh"
1643 madhye, evangelista torricelline tyanchya maryada tapasanyasathi suction lift watter pampanvar prayog kele, jeey sumare 32 phoot hote. (vatavaranacha daab 32.9 phoot kinwa 10.03 meater aahe. panyacha vafecha daab saiddhantik uchal unchi qamee karato.) paryane bharalelya aanee paryachya vadgyat (eka barometer) ulate kelelya nalicha vapar karoon tyanni eka prayog tayar keela aanee paryachya stambhachya varr eka rikami jaaga pahili, jyat tyanni siddhant keela qee shunyavkash mhanje kahihi nahee.
torricellichya prabhavakhali, oto wonn guerickne air ganvar dabav taknyasathi vaparlya jaanarya air pampmadhye badal karoon vacuum pampacha shodh lavala. guerickne 1654 madhye germanytil magdeberg yethe nidarshane kelee, jithe too mahapour hota. done tambyache golardh ekatra basavale gele aanee havah baher kadhali gelee. golardhat bandhalele vajan havecha zadap ughadalyashivay tyanna vegale karoo shakat navhate. 1656 madhye yaa prayogachi punaravrutti pratyeki 8 ghodyanchya done sanghancha vapar karoon karnyat aalee, jeey magdeberg golardh vegale karoo shakale naheet.
gasper scott haah tyachya 'mechanica hydraulico-neumatica' (1657) madhye golardhatil prayogache varnan karnara pahila vyakti hota.
scotche pustak vachalyanantar, robbert boyley yanni eka sudharit nirvat pump tayar keela aanee sambandhit prayog kele.
dennis pappinla 1663 madhye parismadhye khrishchan hugens aanee goatfried libniz yanchyasobat kaam kartana prerak shakti nirman karnyasathi vacuum vaparnyat rus vatoo lagla. pappinne 1676 teey 1679 paryant robbert boylesathi kaam kele, 'continuing auph nyu experiments' (1680) madhye tyachya kamacha eka ahwal prakashit keela aanee 1689 madhye shahee samajasamor sadarikaran kele. 1690 pasoon pappinne vaphesah shakti tayar karnyasathi pistons prayog karnyas suruvat kelee, model steam engine tayar kele. tyane vatavaraniy aanee daab vafechya enginance prayog kele aanee 1707 madhye tyache parinam prakashit kele.
1663 madhye, warcesterchya beemchya markes edward somersetne 100 shodhanche pustak prakashit kele jyat coffey percolatorchya samaan tattvacha vapar karoon majlyamadhye paanee vadhavanyachya paddhatiche varnan kele aahe. boilerla (garam tofanchi nalee) pumping krutipasoon vegale karnari tyachi pranali pahili hotee. eka kundatoon prabalit nalimadhye paanee takale jaat asey aanee nantar vegalya boilermadhun waf ghenyasathi eka zadap ughadali jaat asey. panyachya varchya bhagavar tayar jhalela daab, tyala paipavar neto. tyane aapale vafevar chalanare upkaran raglan killyatil mahan mahan bhintivar burujatoon paanee puravanyasathi basavale. jyaa bhintivar engine basavanyat aale hote, tyaa khamb khamb shatkat ajunahi pahayala midale hote. tathapi, asha krantikari sankalpanesathi konihi paise jokhim ghenyas tayar navhate aanee samarthkanshivay yantra avikasit rahile.
pampanvar kaam karnare ganitshastradnya aanee shodhak samuel marland yanni waxhall ordinance officemadhye thomas savery yanni vachalelya vafechya pampachya rachnevar nondi thevalya. 1698 madhye bachatkartyanni 'khaan kamgar mitra' navacha vafecha pump bandhala."tyat nirvat aanee daab yaa donhincha vapar keela gela. anek varshe qamee ashvashaktichya sevesathi yacha vapar keela jaat hota.
thomas nukeman haah eka vyapari hota joou cast lokhandi vastooncha vyavhar karat asey. navagantukanche engine heey pappinne prastavit kelelya piston aanee cylinderchya rachnevar aadharit hote. naveen enginemadhye, nalakachya aat favarani kelelya panyane vafeche ghanikaran kele gele, jyamule vatavaraniy dabamule piston halavale gele. 1712 madhye staffordshiremadheel doodly casal yethe eka khaneet pumping karnyasathi navoditanche pahile engine basavanyat aale.
cylinder.
dennis pappin (22 august 1647-) haah eka french bhautikshastradnya, ganitshastradnya aanee shodhak hota, joou pressure kukarcha agradoot asalelya vafechya digesterchya agraganya shodhasathi prasiddha hota. 1670 chya dashakachya madhyat pappinne dutch bhautikshastradnya khrishchan hugensasobat eka enginever kaam kele jyane cylinderchya aatoon darugolyacha sphot karoon tyatoon havah baher kadhali. yaa margane nirman jhalelya nirvatanchi apurnata lakshat yetach aanee 1680 madhye englandla gelyavar, pappinne tyach nalakachi eka aavrutti tayar kelee jyamule ukalatya panyatoon adhik sampoorn nirvat prapt hote aanee nantar vaphela ghanikaran houu dile; asha prakare too pistoncha shevat eka dorkhandavarun vaparlya dorkhandala jodoon vajan vadhavu shakala. pratyakshik model mhanoon, pranali karya karate, parantu prakriyechi punaravrutti karnyasathi, sampoorn upkaran nasht karave lagale aanee punha ekatra karave lagale. svayanchalit chakr tayar karnyasathi waf boilermadhe swatantrapane tayar karavi lagel heey pappinne patkan pahile; tathapi, tyane prakalp pudhe nela nahee. pappinne taakee all deane aanee sevharichya sankalpananchya sanyogane giranichya chakavar chakavar jetdware chalavalya vaparlya paddle boatinchi rachana kelee aanee suraksha zadap yasarkhya anek mahattvapoorn upkarananche shrey dekhil tyala dile jaate. vafechya vaparachya samasyambabatchya pappinchya anek varshanchya sanshodhanat tyachya mrutyunantar lavkarach pahilya yashasvi audhyogik enginechya vikasat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavane heey hote.
bachat vafecha pump.
audhyogikdrushtya vaparale jaanare pahile vafeche engine 'phayar-engine' kinwa 'khaan kamgaranche mitra' hote, jyachi rachana thomas severyne 1698 madhye kelee hotee. haah eka piston rahit vafecha pump hota, joou warcesterne vikasit kelelya pampasarkha hota. severyne done pramukh yogdan dile jyamule rachanechi vyavharikta mothya pramanat sudharali. pratham, paanee puravatha enginechya khalee thevanyasathi, tyane sankshepan vafecha vapar pumping jalashayat aanshik nirvat nirman karnyasathi keela (warcesterchya udaharanatil nalee) aanee tyacha vapar paanee varchya dishene khechanyasathi keela. dusare mhanje, nirvat nirman karnyasathi vaphela vegane thund karnyasathi tyane jalashayavar thund paanee sodale.
operationsathi anek zadapanchi aavashyakta asate; eka chakrachya suruvatila, jevha jalashay rikama asato, tevha vafesathi eka zadap ughadali jaat asey. jalashay seal karnyasathi haah zadap bund keela jaeel aanee vafeche ghanikaran karnyasathi aanee aanshik nirvat nirman karnyasathi thund panyacha zadap ughadala jaeel. tyanantar eka puravatha zadap ughadali jaeel, jalashayat paanee varchya dishene khechale jaeel; samanya engine 20 futanparyant paanee khechu shakate. tyanantar heey bund karnyat aale aanee vafecha zadap punha ughadanyat aala, jyamule panyavar daab nirman jhaala aanee warcesterchya rachanepramane too varchya dishene pump keela gela. yaa chakrane vafechya konatyahi dabasathi paanee pump karata yenyaitke antar moolatah duppat kele aanee utpadanachya udaharananni sumare 40 phoot paanee vadhavale.
sevharichya engine eka samasya sodavali jee alikadech gambhir jhaali hotee; dakshin englandmadhil khaninmadhun paanee adhik kholvar pohochat asatana teey baher kadhale. sevhariche engine navoditanchya enginepeksha kahise qamee karyaksham hote, parantu naveen injindware vaparlela vegala pump akaryaksham hota, jyamule donhi engines andaje 60 laakh phoot paund prati bushel kolashachi karyakshamta midali (1 takkyanpeksha qamee). tasech bachat enginehi khoop surakshit navhate kaaran tyachya chakrachya kahee bhagala boilerdware puravilelya dabakhali vafechi aavashyakta hotee aanee tyaa kalavadhiche tantradnyan pahata daab patra purese majboot kele jaau shakat navhate aanee tyamule sphot honyachi shakyata hotee. sumare 1705 madhye tyachya eka pampacha rund panyat (wednesburyjawal) jhalela sphot, kadachit tyachya shodhacha fayda ghenyachya prayatnancha ant darshavito.
savery engine navoditanchya enginepeksha qamee mahag hote aanee teey lahan aakarat tayar kele gele hote. kahee bandhkamkarte 18 vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant bachat yantrachya sudharit aavruttyanchi nirmiti karat hote. 1751 madhye prakashit jhalelya tatvik vyavharanmadhye johnn smeetonne varnan kelyapramane, bento dii maura portugalne, 'teey swatah kaam karnyas saksham karnyasathi' sevharichya bandhkamachi eka kushal sudharana sadar kelee.
vatavaraniy ghanikaran injine.
naveen 'vatavaraniy' engine.
engine tyachya 'vatavaraniy-engine' saha thomas heey navodit hote, jyanni pahile vyavharik vafeche engine vikasit karnyasathi pappinne sthapit kelelya bahutek aavashyak ghatakanna ekatra aanale asey mhatale jaau shakate, jyasathi vyavsayik magani asoo shakate. yamule prushthbhagachya staravar basavalelya paraspar kiran enginecha aakar ghetala aanee kirananchya eka tokala salag pump chalavale gele. beemchya beemchya tokapasoon sakhalyanni jodalele engine vatavaraniy kinwa nirvat tattvavar kaam karate.
navagantukanchya rachnet purvichya sankalpananche kahee ghatak vaparale gele. bachat rachanepramanech, navoditanchya enginemadhye vafecha vapar keela jaato, panyane thund karoon, nirvat tayar kele jaate. matra, sevharichya pampachya ulat, navoditanni thet paanee odhanyaivaji piston odhanyasathi vacuumcha vapar keela. nalakacha varcha bhag vatavaraniy dabasathi khula hota aanee jevha nirvat tayar jhaala, tevha pistonchya varchya vatavaraniy dabane tyala nalkamadhye khalee dhakalale. thund paanee paanee tyach kundatil panyachya thembane piston vangan aanee seal kele gele. pudhe, sheetak prabhav sudharanyasathi, tyane thet nalkamadhye panyachi favarani kelee. 
piston eka sakhalidvare eka mothya pevoted bimshi jodala gela hota. jevha pistonne beam odhala, tevha beemchi dusari bajoo varchya dishene odhali gelee. haah toke eka kathila jodala gela hota, jyane khanitalya paramparik pump handlechya malikela odhale hote. yaa power strokechya shevati, vafecha zadap punha ughadala gela aanee pampachya rodche vajan beam khalee khechale, piston uchalale aanee punha cylindermadhye waf kadhali.
piston aanee beemcha vapar kelyane naveen enginela sampoorn khaneet vegvegalya staranvar power pump midavata aale, tasech konatyahi uchch dabachya vafechi garaj door jhaali. sampoorn pranali prushthbhagavaril ekach imaratisathi vegali karnyat aalee hotee. kolshavar (nantarchya enginanchya tulanet) jaree akaryaksham aanee atyant judd asale taree, yaa engines purvichya shakyatepeksha jaast pramanat aanee jaast kholitoon paanee uchalale. 1735 paryant englandchya aaspas 100 hoon adhik navodit injine basavanyat aalee aanee assa andaj aahe qee 1800 paryant (watt aavrutyansah) sumare 2,000 karyanvit hote.
johnn smeetonne naveen enginemadhye, visheshtah shikkyanmadhye anek sudharana kelya aanee tyat sudharana karoon tyanchi karyakshamta jawaljawal tippat karnyas saksham hote. cylindermadhun veej hastantarit karnyasathi tyane bimaivaji chake vaparnyasahi pradhanya dile, jyamule tyachi injine adhik sankshipt jhaali. steam enginechya karyapaddhatichya rachanecha kathor siddhant vikasit karnare smeaton heey pahile hote. yaa kamasathi kitee veej lagel, tee tee nalakacha aakar aanee veg, tyala bharnyasathi aavashyak asalelya boilercha aakar aanee tee kitee indhan vaparel heey mojanyasathi tyane ichchit bhoomikepasun mage rahoon kaam kele. cornwall aanee nucasalmadhil dazanbhar navodit enginancha abhyas kelyanantar aanee 1770 madhye austhorpe yetheel tyachya gharee swatache prayogik engine tayar kelyanantar heey prayogshilpane vikasit kele gele. kahee varshannantarach watt engine sadar kele gele toparyant smeetonne 100 echpi shreneet dazanbhar mothee engine tayar kelee hotee.
watcha vegala condensor.
1759 madhye glassgo vidyapithat eka vadya nirmata aanee durusti adhyaksh mhanoon kaam karat asatana, james watt yanna pradhyapak johnn robbyson yanni vafechya samarthyachi olakh karoon dilee. aakarshit houn, watney yaa vishayavar shakya asalele serve kahee vachanyache kaam kele aanee swatantrapane supt ushnatechi sankalpana vikasit kelee, jee tyach vidyapithat joseph blackney alikadech prakashit kelee. jevha watla kalale qee vidyapithakade naveen engineche eka lahan karyarat model aahe, tevha tyane londonmadhun teey parat midvinyasathi dabav aanala jithe tyachi durusti ayashasvi jhaali hotee. watney yantrachi durusti kelee, parantu purnapane durusti kelee tarihi teey kvachitach karyarat asalyache aadhalale.
yaa rachnevar kaam kelyanantar, engine vaparleli 80 takke waf vaya gelee assa nishkarsh watney kadhala. prerak shakti pradan karnyaivaji, tyacha vapar nalaka garam karnyasathi keela jaat hota. navoditanchya rachnet, pratyek power stroke thund panyachya favaranine suru keela gela, jyamule keval waf ghanikaran jhaali nahee tarr nalakachya bhintihi thund jhalya. nall punha waf swikaranyapurvi hii ushnata badalavi lagali. naveen enginemadhye ushnata keval vafedvare puravali jaat asey, mhanoon jevha vafecha zadap punha ughadala gela tevha bahutek nalkamadhye pravesh kelyachya lagech thund bhintinvar ghanroop hote. nall punha garam honyasathi aanee waf bharoon yenyasathi barach vel aanee waf lagali.
veej cylinderchya bajula thevalelya vegalya cylinderver thund paanee kadhoon watney panyachya favaranichi samasya sodavali. ekada induction stroke purn jhalyavar doghanmadhye eka zadap ughadali gelee aanee cylindermadhye pravesh karnari konatihi waf yaa thund cylinderchya aat ghanikaran karel. yamule eka nirvat nirman hoil joou vafecha adhik bhag nalkamadhye khechel aanee vafecha bahutek bhag ghanroop hoiparyant. tyanantar zadap bund karnyat aalee aanee mukhya nalakache kaam paramparik navodit enginepramanech suru rahile. veej cylinder sampoorn karyarat tapmanat rahilyane, piston punha varchya bajula khechatach pranali dusarya strokesathi tayar hotee. tapman rakhanyasathi nalakachya bhovati eka jakit hote jithe waf dakhal kelee jaat hotee. 1765 madhye watney eka karyarat model tayar kele.
hii eka mothee pragati aahe yachee khatri patalyane, watney rachnavar kaam karat asatana upkram bhandwal pradan karnyasathi bhagidari kelee. yaa eka sudharanevar samadhan naan hota, watney enginechya vyavharikdrushtya pratyek bhagat itar sudharananchya malikanvar athak parishram ghetale. nalkamadhun vaphela condensormadhye baher kadhanyasathi eka lahan nirvat pump jodoon watney pranalimadhye aanakhi sudharana kelee, jyamule chakr vel aanakhi sudharali. naveen designmadhil adhik aamulagra badal mhanje cylindercha varcha bhag bund karane aanee pistonchya varr qamee dabachi waf aanane. aata shakti vatavaraniy daab aanee nirvat yanchya farkamule navhati, tarr vafecha daab aanee nirvat, kahee pramanat jaast moolya asalyamule hotee. varchya dishene parat yenyachya strokever, varchya bajula asaleli waf paipdware khalchya strokesathi ghanikaranasathi tayar asalelya pistonchya khalchya bajula hastantarit kelee gelee. naveen enginever pistonchi seal tyachya varchya bajula thode paanee thevun sadhya karnyat aalee hotee. vafechya upasthitimule watchya enginemadhye heey aata shakya navhate. watney eka shikka shodhanyasathi barech prayatna kele jeey kaam kele, jeey akheris taalo aanee telachya mishranacha vapar karoon prapt jhaale. pistoncha dand dekhil ashach prakare seelband kelelya varchya nalakachya aavarnavaril granthitoon gela.
puresa goal nall tayar karnyacha marg naslyamule piston sealingchi samasya hotee. watney cast aayarnmule cylindercha kantala aananyacha prayatna keela, parantu teey khoop goal hote. watla hatoda asalela lokhandi nalakacha vapar karnyas bhag padale gele. khaleel uddharan roow (1916) pasoon aaheh
"jevha [johnn] smeetonne pahilyanda engine pahile tevha tyane abhiyantyanchya societyla sangitale qee 'ashee sadhane kinwa kamgar astitvat navhate jeey purese achookatene itake jatil yantra tayar karoo shakat hote'"."
shevati 1774 madhye prakashit karnyasathi watney rachana pureshi changli manali aanee watt engine bajarat sodale gele. rachanache kahee bhag sadhyachya naveen enginanmadhye sahajpane basavata yet asalyane, khaninmadhye purnapane naveen engine tayar karanyachi garaj navhati. tyaeivaji, watt aanee tyacha vyavsayik bhagidar mathyu bolton yanni engine operatorna sudharanancha parwana deela, jyamule teey qamee indhan kharchat bachat karoo shaktil asha paishancha eka bhag tyanchyakadun aakarle. rachana prachand yashasvi jhaali aanee rachana parwana denyasathi aanee naveen utpadakanna engine tayar karnyat madat karnyasathi bolton aanee watt companychi sthapana karnyat aalee. nantar doghanni tyanchi swatachi injine tayar karnyasathi soho foundry ughadali.
1774 madhye, johnn wilkinsonne eka kantalvane yantra shodhun kadhale, jyachya donhi tokanna aadhar asalele kantalvane sadhan asalelya shaftcha, tyakali vaparlya vaparlya cantilevered borerschya ulat, cylindermadhun vistarle gele. yaa yantrachya sahayyane too 1776 madhye bolton aanee watchya pahilya vyavsayik enginesathi cylinder yashasviritya dharan karoo shakala.
watney tyachya rachana sudharane kadhihi thambavale nahee. yamule karyachakra gatee aanakhi sudharali, governor, svayanchalit zadap, duheri-karyasheel piston, vividh prakarchya rotarii power takeoff aanee itar anek sudharana suru jhalya. watchya tantradnyanamule sthir vafechya enginancha vyapak vyavsayik vapar shakya jhaala.
humphrey gensbero yanni 1760 chya dashakat ghanikaran karnare vafeche engine tayar kele, jeey tyanni chandra samajache sadasya richard lovell edgeworth yanna dakhavale. gensbero yancha assa vishvas hota qee watney tyachya kalpanancha shodh ghenyasathi vapar keela hota; tathapi, james watt yaa kalat chandra samajache sadasya navhate aanee antim rachnekade rachnekade vichar prakriyanchya kramane varnan insulation tyachya anek nondi yaa kathevar vishvas thevatat.
qamee daab, nalakache visthapan, jwalan aanee bashpibhavnache darr aanee condensor kshamata yamule veej ajunahi maryadit hotee. pistonchya donhi bajunchya tulanene qamee tapmanachya farkamule kamal saiddhantik karyakshamta maryadit hotee; yacha arth assa qee watt enginela vaparnyayogya pramanat shakti pradan karnyasathi, pahili utpadan injine khoop mothee asane aavashyak hote aanee tyamule tee tayar karane aanee sthapit karane mahag hote.
watt duheri-karya karnari aanee firnari injine.
watney duheri-karya karnare engine vikasit kele jyamadhye vaphene piston donhi dishene chalavale, jyamule enginecha veg aanee karyakshamta vadhali. duheri-karya tattvane dilelya bhautik aakarachya enginechya utpadanat dekhil lakshaniy vaadh kelee.
bolton aanee watt yanni parasparsanvadi enginela firatya prakarat vikasit kele. navodit enginechya ulat, watt engine, duheri-karyasheel ghanikaran cylinders rotarii power pradan karnyasathi-surya aanee grah gearsdware-drive shaftshee jodale jaanyaitke sahajpane karya karoo shakate. sarvat june udaharan pradarshak mhanoon bandhale gele hote aanee lapping (pollishing) batane kinwa tatsam kaam karnyasathi machinesathi boltonchya karkhanyat sthapit kele gele hote. yaa karanastav teey nehmich 'lapp engine' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey. suruvatichya vafechya enginanmadhye, piston sahasa thet uddanchakrashi jodanyaivaji, eka rodney santulit bimshi jodala jaato aanee mhanoon yaa engines beam engine mhanoon olakhale jaate.
suruvatichya vafechya engines kapus kataisarkhya gambhir kamansathi puresa sthir veg deela nahee. veg niyantrit karnyasathi enginecha vapar panyachya chakasathi paanee pump karnyasathi keela jaat asey, jyamule yantrasamagrila chalana milate.
uchch daab engine.
18 weey shatak jasjase pudhe jaat gele, tasatase uchch dabasathiche aavahan hote; watney yacha jordar virodh keela, jyane itaranna uchch daab engine tayar karnyapasoon aanee teey vahananmadhye vaparnyapasun rokhanyasathi tyachya petantane dilelya ekadhikarshahicha vapar keela. tyaa kalatil boiler tantradnyanavar, teey jyaa prakare bandhale gele aanee vaparlelya samgrichya samarthyavar tyancha avishvas hota.
uchch daab engineche mahattvache fayade asey hoteh 
tote asey hoteh 
uchch daab aanee qamee daab asaleli vafechi injine kashee karya karatat yamadhil mukhya farak mhanje piston piston shakticha srot. nukeman aanee watchya enginemadhye, vafeche ghanikaran heey dabatil bahutek farak nirman karate, jyamule vatavaraniy daab (nukeman) aanee qamee daab asaleli waf, kvachitach 7 psi boiler dabapeksha jaast, adhik condensor vacuum (watt), piston halavanyasathi hote. uchch daab enginemadhye, dabatil bahutek farak boilermadhun boilermadhun uchch daab vafedvare pradan keela jaato; pistonchi qamee daab asaleli bajoo vatavaraniy dabavar asoo shakate kinwa condensor dabashi jodaleli asoo shakate. jawaljawal serve vatavaraniy reshechya khalee asalelya navoditanchya nirdeshak aakrutimadhye, jawaljawal 200 varshannantar punarujjivan disel, jyat tiheri vistar enginanchya qamee dabachya nalakache enginechya shaktichya sumare 20 takke yogdan aahe, jeey punha jawaljawal purnapane vatavaraniy reshechya khalee aahe.
majboot vaphe' chey pahile dnyat samarthak jacob lupold heey tyanchya enginechya yojnet hote jeey tyachya vishvakoshatil kamanmadhye disale. vafevar vafevar nauka aanee vahanansathiche vividh prakalp dekhil sampoorn shatkat disu lagale, tyapaiki eka sarvat aashadayak mhanje nicolaus-joseph cugnotche bandhkam, jyane 1769 madhye tyachya 'ferdier' (steam wagon) chey pradarshan kele. yaa vahanasathi vaparlela kamacha daab adnyat asala taree, boilerchya lahan aakarane vafeche utpadan darr apura deela jyamule ferdierla vafechi vaadh thambavanyapurvi ekach velee kahee shambhar meetarpeksha jaast pudhe jaata aale. itar prakalp aanee model prastavit karnyat aale hote, parantu 1784 chya william mardokchya modelpramane, anek balton aanee watney avarodhit kele hote.
heey americet lagoo jhaale nahee aanee 1788 madhye johnn fitchne bandhaleli vafechi boat philadelphiya, pensylvania aanee burlington, nyu jersey darmyan delaware nadivar niyamit vyavsayik sevemadhye chalavali jaat hotee, jyat 30 pravasi hote. hii nauka samanyatah tashi 7 teey 8 mail pravas karoo shakat hotee aanee tichya alp kalavadhichya sevepeksha jaast pravas karoo shakat hotee. fitch steamboatla vyavsayik yash midale nahee, kaaran haah marg tulanene changlya wagon rastyanni puresa vyapalela hota. 1802 madhye, william simtingtonne eka vyavharik vafechi boat bandhali aanee 1807 madhye, robbert fultonne vyavsayikdrushtya yashasvi jhalelya pahilya vafechya botala shakti denyasathi watchya vafechya enginacha vapar keela.
tyachya bajoone oliver evens 'majboot vaphe' chya bajoone hote, jeey tyane botichya enginanvar aanee sthir vaparasathi lagoo kele. too dandgolakar boilercha praneta hota; tathapi, evancechya boilermadhe anek gambhir boiler sphot jhaale, jyamule watchya doshanna vajan midale. tyane 1811 madhye pitsberg, pensylvania yethe pitsberg steam engine companychi sthapana kelee.
companyne mississippy panlot kshetrat nadivaril naukanchya vyaparasathi uchch daab asaleli vafechi injine aanali.
pahilya uchch daab vafechya enginacha shodh 1800 madhye richard travithic yanni lavala hota.
dabakhali (ushmagatikatechya drushtikonatun) vafeche mahatva mhanje teey uchch tapman prapt karate. asha prakare, uchch daab vafecha vapar karnare konatehi engine qamee daab nirvat enginechya tulanet uchch tapman aanee dabatil farkane karya karate. asha prakare uchch daab asalele engine paraspar vafechya tantradnyanachya pudhil vikasasathi aadhar banale. tarihi, 1800 chya sumaras, "uchch daab" haah aaj khoop qamee daab manla jaeel, mhanje.eae. 40-50 pii. ess. aay. (276-345 keey. pii. aii.), muddah assa aahe qee vicharadhin uchch daab asalele engine naun-condensing hote, jeey keval vafechya vistrut shaktidvare chalavale jaat hote aanee ekada tee vaphene kaam kele qee tee sahasa vatavaraniy dabapeksha jaast dabane sampaleli asate. agnimapkadware prerit karad tayar karnyasathi aanee asha prakare jaalanyache praman vadhavanyasathi, agnimapkat thakavanara vafecha sphot keela jaau shakato, tyamule pistonchya nirgaman bajula pathicha daab nirman karnyachya kimmatit, lahan bhattimadhye adhik ushnata nirman hote.
21 februwari 1804 roji, south velsmadhil merthire tydefill yetheel penidaren lokhandi bandhkamamadhye, richard trevithikne bandhalele pahile swa-chalit railway vafeche engine kinwa vafeche locomotive pradarshit karnyat aale.
cornish engine aanee sanyug.
1811 chya sumaras, richard trevithicala tyachya eka naveen mothya dandgolakar cornish boilershee julavun ghenyasathi watt pumping engine adyayavat karane aavashyak hote. 1816 madhye jevha travithic dakshin americela ravana jhaala, tevha william simsane tyachya sudharana suru thevalya. samantar, arther wolfney done cylinders eka sanyug engine vikasit kele, jenekarun vafecha qamee dabachya cylindermadhye sodanyapurvi uchch dabachya cylindermadhye vistar jhaala. boiler, engine aanee pipesche insulation insulation samuel grojne karyakshamta aanakhi sudharali.
pistonchya varchya vafecha daab akheris pohochat kinwa summ keela gela aanee aata khalchya strokesathi barich shakti pradan kelee gelee; tyach velee ghanikaran sudharle gele. yamule karyakshamta lakshaniyaritya vadhali aanee cornish pranalivar (bahutekda cornish engine mhanoon olakhali jaanari) aanakhi pumping injine 19 vya shatkat naveen tayar kelee jaat rahili. junya watt engines anuroop karnyasathi adyayavat kele gele.
engineachya uchch bhandavali kimmatimule aanee tyanna jaast nuksan jhalyane, kolasa swast asalelya vastrodyog utpadan kshetranmadhye yaa cornish sudharanancha vapar santh gatine hott hota. badal fakt 1830 chya dashakat suru jhaala, sahasa dusra (uchch daab) cylinder jodoon chakravadh karoon.
suruvatichya vafechya engines aanakhi eka maryada mhanje gatitil badal, jyamule teey anek kapad anuprayogansathi, visheshtah kataisathi ayogya tharale. sthir gatee midvinyasathi, suruvatichya vafevar vafevar vastrodyog giranyanni panyachya chakavar paanee pump karnyasathi vafechya enginacha vapar keela, jyamule yantrasamagri chalavali gelee.
yapaiki anek injine jagbharat puravali gelee aanee kolshacha vapar mothya pramanat qamee jhalyane anek varshant tyanni vishvasarh aanee karyaksham seva dilee. tyapaiki kahee khoop mothe hote aanee 1890 chya dashkaparyant haah prakar bandhala jaat rahila.
corlis engine.
corlis vafechya enginela (paytant kelele 1849) james watt nantarchi sarvat mothee sudharana mhatale gele. corlis engine veg niyantran aanee adhik changli karyakshamta mothya pramanat sudharali hotee, jyamule teey kataisah serve prakarchya audhyogik anuprayogansathi yogya hote.
corlissne vafecha puravatha aanee nirgamanasathi swatantra bandare vaparali, jyamule ushna vafedvare vaparlya jaanarya margala thund honyapasoon nirgaman rokhale gele. corlissne anshatah anshatah zadapancha dekhil vapar keela jyamule daab qamee honyas madat houn twarit krutee kelee gelee. visheshtah slide zadap, jee samanyatah enginechya 10 takke shakticha vapar karate, tyachya tulanet, zadap swatach qamee gharshanacha srot hotee.
corlissne svayanchalit chull cutt auph vaparale. zadap gearne, kapanichya velemadhye badal karnyasathi governorcha vapar karoon enginecha veg niyantrit keela. adhik changlya gatee niyantranashivay karyakshamta sudharanyasathi heey anshatah jababdar hote.
porter-allen uchch gatee vafeche engine.
1862 madhye sadar kelelya porter-allen enginemadhye, apavadatmak kshamatecha mechanic asalelya allenne portersathi vikasit keleli pragat zadap gear yantrana vaparali aanee suruvatila samanyatah allon engine mhanoon olakhale jaat asey. uchch gatiche engine heey eka achook yantra hote jeey changle santulit hote, yantrachi sadhane aanee utpadan tantradnyanatil pragatimule sadhya jhaale.
uchch gatiche engine samanya enginanchya teen teey paach putt vegane piston vegane chaalat asey. tyat qamee vegachi parivartansheelata dekhil hotee. golakar aalila shakti denyasathi aalipaline tayar kelelya yantranmadhye uchch gatiche engine mothya pramanat vaparale jaat asey. nantar tyacha vapar vidyut nirmitisathi karnyat aala.
engineche anek fayade hote. kahee prakarananmadhye, teey thet jodale jaau shakate. jarr gears kinwa pattya aanee dhol vaparale gele, tarr teey khoopach lahan aakarache asoo shakatat. engine swatach tyachya vikasit jhalelya shaktichya pramanasathi lahan hote.
porterne firnare vajan qamee karoon aanee khambabhovati vajan jodoon fly-baul governormadhye mothya pramanat sudharana kelee. yamule veg niyantranat lakshaniy sudharana jhaali. 1880 paryant kulicha governor haah agraganya prakar banala.
porter-allen enginechi karyakshamta changli hotee, parantu corlis enginechya barobarichi navhati.
ekmukhi (kinwa unflo) engine.
uniflo engine haah uchch daab enginecha sarvat karyaksham prakar hota. tyacha shodh 1911 madhye lagla aanee tyacha vapar jahajanmadhye keela gela, parantu vafechya turbine aanee nantar sagari dizzell engines tyache sthanantar kele.

