ramphorhinks

ramphorhinks (, pracheen greek 'ramphos' mhanje 'choch' aanee 'rhiancus' mhanje 'naak') hii jurassic kalatil lamb shepatichya pectorosource eka prajati aahe. samkalin, 'terrodactylus' sarkhya lahan shepatichya terrodactyloid pectorosorpeksha qamee vishesh, tyachi lamb shepati hotee, jee asthibandhananni kadak hotee, jee eka vaishishtyapurn mauu-uutinchya shepatichya falimadhye sampali. ramphorincus" chya tondat suisarkhe daat hote, jeey pudhe koneey hote, vakr, tikshna, chochasarkhe toke datancha abhav darshavitat, jeey pramukhyane mashancha aahar darshavtat; kharey tarr, maase aanee cephalopodche avashesh varanvar "ramphorincus" otipotatil samgrimadhye tasech tyanchya coprolytesmadhye aadhaltat.
ingland, tanzania aanee spainmadhye jaree 'ramphorhinks' chey avashesh sapadale asale taree, sarvottam sanrakshit namune germanytil bavariyachya solanhofen chunkhadipasun aale aahet. yapaiki anek jivashma keval hadech navhe tarr pankhanchya patalasarkhya mauu uutinche thase dekhil jatan karatat. ramphorincus' chey asalyache manale jaanare vikhurlele daat portugalmadhyehi sapadale aahet.
itihas aanee vargikaran.
victorian kalapasoon dnyat asalelya anek pectorosaur prajatinpramanech, "ramphorhinks" chey vargikaran aanee vargikaran, guntaguntiche aahe, jyat vegvegalya navankhali, bahutekda samaan namunyansathi, punarvargikaran karnyacha dirgh itihas aahe.
1825 madhye sangrahak george graph jhu munster yanni 'ramphorhinks' chaa pahila namankit namuna samuel thomas wonn somaringchya nidarshanas aanala. wonn somaringane assa nishkarsh kadhala qee too eka pracheen pakshyacha aahe. jevha aanakhi daat ughadale gele tevha graph jhu munsterne pradhyapak george august goldfaskade eka cast pathavali, jyanni tyala pectorosaur mhanoon olakhale. olakhale shatkachya madhyat varnan kelelya bahutek pectorosurpramanech, ramphorhinks hii moolatah pectorodactyluschi prajati manali jaat asey. tathapi, tyaa velee, anek shastradnyanni 'ornithocephalus' heey 'terrodactylus' chey vaidh naav chukiche manale. ramphorhinks" chya yaa namunyala mhanoon moolatah "ornithocephalus munsterry" asey naav denyat aale. yacha ullekh swatah graph jhu munster yanni 1830 madhye keela hota. tathapi, naav vaidh karnyache varnan goldfusney 1831 madhye manstarchya chhotya kagadachya pathpuravyat dile hote. lakshat ghya qee aay. see. zed. aine. neey nantar nirnay deela qee 'yuu' sarkhya pramanit nasalelya lattin varnanna vaidnyanik navanmadhye parvanagi dilee jaanar nahee aanee 1888 madhye richard lidekar yanni 'muensterry' madhye 'munsterry' heey akshar jodale hote.
1839 madhye, munsterney aanakhi eka namunyache varnan kele jyala too 'ornithocephalus' (i.eae. "terrodactylus"), vishisht lamb shepatisah. chhotya shepati asalelya namunyanpasun ('terrodactylus' chey kharey namune) vegale karnyasathi tyane tyala 'ornithocephalus longicouds' asey naav dile, jyacha arth 'lamb shepati' assa hoto.
1845 madhye, herman wonn meyarne adhikrutpane mool prajati 'ornithocephalus munsterry' laa 'terrodactylus munsterry' madhye samavisht kele, kaaran toparyant 'ornithocephalus' peksha 'terrodactylus' heey naav pradhanya mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. tyanantarchya 1846 chya eka peparmadhye, lamb shepatichya 'parodactyl' chya naveen prajatiche varnan kartana, wonn meyarne nirnay ghetala qee 'parodactylus' chey lamb shepatiche prakar lahan shepatichya prakaranpeksha purese vegale hote, jyamule upajatit sthan nishchit karata yete aanee tyane tyachya naveen prajatila collector capton carl emming wonn jamingchya malkichya namunyanantar 'parodactylus (ramphorhinks) jamingi' asey naav dile, jeey nantar wonn jamingne teenshe gilderna harlemmadhil tealers sangrahalayat vikale. wonn meyarne "ramphorhinks" laa purn-vikasit vanshamadhye vadhavale aanee tyaa velee dnyat asalelya "terrodactylus" chya lamb shepatichya donhi prajatincha adhikrutpane tyat samavesh keela, haah 1847 paryant navhata. longicouds (lamb shepatichi rakhan karnari mool prajati) aanee aar. manee ". ramphorincus' chya prajaticha prakar 'aar' aahe. longicouds "; tyacha prakar namuna kinwa holotype dekhil tealer sangrahalayala vikala gela, jithe too ajunahi tii. emm. 6924 mhanoon rahato.
mool prajati, "terrodactylus munsterry", 1861 chya pustakat richard owen yanni punarmulyankan prakashit kareparyant chukiche vargikrut rahile, jyamadhye tyanni tyache naav badaloon "ramphorhinks munsterry" asey thewale. aar" chaa namuna prakar. munster aanee goldfus yanni varnan kelele muensterry heey heey mahayuddhat haravale hote. jarr mool haravale asel kinwa khoop kharabaritya jatan kelele manale gele asel tarr naveen namuna kinwa neotype haah namuna prakar mhanoon niyukt keela jaato. pieter wellenhoferne 1975 madhye kelelya tyachya vanshavishayak punaravalokanat neotype nirdisht karnyas nakar deela, kaaran mool namunyache anek uchch darjache cast ajunahi sangrahalay sangrahat upalabdh hote. heey plastotype mhanoon kaam karoo shakatat.
1990 chya dashkaparyant (aanee wellenhoferne purvi naav dilelya anek prajatinche ektrikaran kelyanantar), germanychya solanhofen chunkhaditun ramphorhinkschya sumare paach prajati olakhalya gelya, tarr itar kahee prajatinna africa, spain aanee yukemadhun tukade avasheshanvar aadharit nave denyat aalee. solanhofenchya bahutek prajatinmadhye tyanchya sapeksh aakarachya aadharavar aanee kavatichya sapeksh lambisarkhya aakar-sambandhit vaishishtyanchya aadhare farak keela gela.
1995 madhye, pectorosure sanshodhak criss benetne sadhya manyataprapt asalelya german prajatinche vistrut punaravalokan prakashit kele. benetne assa nishkarsh kadhala qee serve kathit bhinn german prajati pratyakshat ekach prajatiche bhinn varsh-varg hote, aar. muensterry, "vegalya vayogatanche pratinidhitva karate, jyamadhye lahan prajati kishoravayin aanee mothya praudh asatat. benetchya peparmadhye british aanee african prajatincha samavesh navhata, jaree tyanni suchavale qee tyanna ramphorehinchiday kutumbatil anishchit sadasya manale pahije aanee ramphorhinkschya prajatich manalya pahijet asey nahee. vansh ekach prajatimadhye qamee hounahi, prajaticha prakar aar rahila aahe. longicouds ".
2015 madhye, ramphorhinkschee eka naveen prajati, aar. echesi' heey naav united kingadammadhil kimmeries chikanmatitil davya aanee ujavya pankhanchya sambandhit avasheshansathi denyat aale hote, heey naav kimmeries chikanmatichya jivashmancha sthanik sangrahak, steve eches yaa shodhkala smaran karate. pankhanchya falanks 1 aanee pankhanchya falanks 2 madheel adviteey lambiche gunottar' yaa aadharavar heey 'ramphorhinks' chya itar prajatinpeksha vegale aahe."
phylogeny.
khaleel cladogram haah 2013 madhye bryan andrus aanee timothi myersney prakashit kelelya mothya jatijanya vishleshanacha parinam aahe. muensterry "ramphorehinchiday" kutumbat, casibupterics aanee nesodactylus yaa donhichya bahiniche vargikaran mhanoon, japt karnyat aale.
varnan.
ramphorhinks muensterrycha (catalog kramank bmnh 37002) sarvat motha dnyat namuna, jyachya pankhanchi lambi lamb aahe. germanytil etlingmadhil eka khoop motha, tukadyancha ramphorehinkid namuna dekhil yaa jatishi sambandhit asoo shakato, asha paristhitit "ramphorhinks" haah sarvat motha dnyat naun-parodactyloid patrosaur asel aanee jurasikpasun dnyat asalelya sarvat mothya paterosorspacky eka asel. haah namuna vanshatil pudhil sarvat mothya namunyachya aakarachya 180% chya aaspaschya vyaktiche pratinidhitva karato, jyachya pankhanchi lambi andaje 3 meetarpeksha jaast aahe. 
kavati.
1927 saalee patrosaur sanshodhak ferdinand brolley yanni dilelya ahavalachya ulat, ramforehinksmadhye hadanchya kinwa mauu uutinchya shikharancha abhav hota, jeey samkalin lahan paterodactyloid patorosaurschya anek prajatinmadhye disun yete. brollyne dawa keela qee tyala patal hadanni banalela done-millimeter-unch shikhar sapadala aahe joou kavatichya lambicha barachsa bhag eka "ramphorhinks" namunyat chalato, jyacha purava aajubajuchya khadkatil chhap aanee shikharavaril kahee lahan tukade aahet. tathapi, 1975 madhye wellenhofer aanee 2002 madhye bennet yanni drishyaman aanee atinil prakash donhi vaparoon kelelya yaa namunyachya pudhil tapasanimadhye shikhar aadhalale nahee; doghanni nishkarsh kadhala qee broily chukichi hotee. tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee, manali jaanari shikhar hii keval sanrakshanachi eka kalakruti hotee. jabada bund asato aanee masemaricha aahar soochit karato tevha 'ramphorincus' chey daat ekmekanshi julatat. varchya jabadyanmadhye vees aanee khalchya jabadyanmadhye chauda daat asatat.
jivashmashastra.
jivanacha itihas.
paramparikpane, 'ramphorhinks' chya namunyanmadhil mothya aakaracha farak prajatinchya bhinnateche pratinidhitva karnyasathi ghetala gela aahe. tathapi, 1995 chya eka peparmadhye, benetne assa yuktivad keela qee yaa "prajati" pratyakshat flaplingpasoon teey praudhanparyant ekach prajatichya "ramphorhinks muensterry" chya varsh-varganche pratinidhitva karatat. yaa vyakhyenantar, bennetla 'aar' madhye jhalelya anek ullekhaneey badal aadhalale. prani mhatara mhanoon muensterry.
kishoravayin "ramphorincus" chya kavati mothya dolhyansah tulanene lahan hotya aanee jabadyanchya daat nasalelya chochasarkhya tokanchi lahan mule praudhanpeksha lahan hotee, golakar, bhole, khalchya jabadyachya tokanchi shevati patal aanee prani jasjase mothe hott gele tastashi tokdar hott gele. praudh 'ramphorhinks' madhye dekhil khalchya jabadyachya shevati eka majboot varchya dishene 'hook' vikasit jhaala. lahanpanapasun praudhanparyant datanchi sankhya sthir rahili, jaree prani jasjase vadhat gele tasatase daat tulanene lahan aanee majboot hott gele, kadachit mothya aanee adhik shaktishali shikarala samavoon ghenyasathi. eka varsh vayaparyant purn pectoral fusions, shroni aanee pectoral kamarband prani vayanusar ekatra yetat.
shepatichya falicha aakar dekhil 'ramphorhinks' chya vividh vayogatanmadhye badalala. kishoravayin mulanmadhye, shila shepatichya tulanet uthal aanee andaje andakar kinwa 'lancet-aakaracha' hota. jasjashi vaadh hott gelee, tastashi shepatichi falee falee aakarachi aanee shevati sarvat mothya vyaktinmadhye trikoni jhaali.
sarvat lahan dnyat 'ramphorhinks' namunyachya pankhanchi lambi fakt eka asate; tathapi, ashee shakyata aahe qee itaki lahan vyakti dekhil udanyas saksham hotee. benetne lahan pillansathi done shakyata tapasalyah teey durgami hote, gharate sodanyapurvi kahee kaal palakanchi kalji ghene aavashyak hote kinwa teey purvasamajik hote, purese aakar aanee udanyachi kshamata asalele ubdar hote. jarr teey avelche asel tarr, benetne suchavale qee, prati clutch fakt eka kinwa done undy ghaloon, tulanene mothya aakarachya andyanchya aakarachi bharpai karnyasathi, pakad lahan asel. benetne konatya shakyatechi shakyata adhik aahe yacha andaj lavala nahee, jaree jordar ausified hadey asalelya pectorosaur garbhacha ("evgodects") shodh asey soochit karato qee pectorosaurs samanyatah purvasamajik hote, jeey kamitakami palakanchya dekharekheene undy futalyanantar lagechach udanyas saksham hote. yaa siddhantala 'ramphorincus' chya hystological abhyasane virodh keela hota, jyamadhye prarambhik jalad vadhinantar santh vadhicha dirgh kalavadhi asalyache disun aale.
2020 madhye prakashit jhalelya auntogenetic vishleshananni asey soochit kele qee, prajatinmadhil purvasamajikikaran siddhantache samarthan karat, 'ramphorhinks' heey undy futalyanantar lagechach udoo shakate. asehi suchavale gele aahe qee kishoravayin mulanni tyanchi vaadh hott asatana vegvegalya anukramik jaaga vyapalya asateel.
chayapachay.
ramphorinksche namune swatantra varsh-varganmadhye basatat heey nishchit kelyanantar, bennet done varshanchya namunyanshi eka varsh junya namunyanchya aakarachi tulana karoon eka varshachya vadhichya daracha andaj lavu shakala. tyanna aadhalale qee 'ramphorincus' sathee aayushyachya pahilya varshatil sarasari vadhicha darr 130% teey 173% hota, joou magaranchya vadhichya darapeksha kinchit vegwan hota. laingik paripakvatenantar vaadh bahudha lakshaniyaritya mandavali asel, tyamule jastit jaast praudh aakar prapt karnyasathi teen varshanhun adhik vel lagla asata.
haah vadhicha darr, aayushyachya pahilya varshat jawaljawal praudh aakar prapt varnan "peteranodon" sarkhya mothya paradactyloid paterosourcemadhye jivashmat darapeksha khoopach qamee aahe. yavyatirikt, terodactyloidschi vaadh nishchit hote, mhanje prani eka nishchit kamal praudh aakaraparyant pohochale aanee vadhane bund jhaale. ramphorhinkoidschya jalad vadhichya darache purviche gruhitak sakriy uddan tikavoon thevanyasathi teey ubdar-rakt asane aavashyak aahe yaa gruhitkavar aadharit hote. aadhunik pakshi aanee vatvaghale yasarkhe ubdar raktache prani samanyatah praudh aakaraparyant jalad vaadh darshavtat aanee vaadh nirdharit karatat. ramphorhinks yaa donhimadhye konatahi purava naslyamule, benetne tyache nishkarsh ectothermic chayapachayas susangat asalyache manale, jaree tyane adhik abhyas karanyachi shifaras kelee. benetne suchavale qee, thund raktacha 'ramphorhinks', kadachit unhat talalela asel kinwa udanyachya ladhatinsathi pureshi urja gola karnyasathi tyanchya snayunvar kaam kele asel aanee aadhunik aadhunik pranyanpramane urja vachavanyasathi sakriy naslyas sabhovatalachya tapmanat thund kele asel.
pohane.
jaree 'ramphorincus' heey anekada havai masemari karnare mhanoon chitrit kele gele asale, taree alikadil purave asey suchavatat qee, bahutek aadhunik jaleey pakshyanpramanech, teey bahudha pohtana charale gele asave. anek patrodontienspramanech tyat hatchetchya aakarache deltopectoral crest, eka lahan dhad aanee lahan paay aahet, hii serve vaishishtye paterosourcemadhye panyavar aadharit prakshepananshi sambandhit aahet. tyache paay rund aanee mothe asatat, jeey pranodanasathi upayukt asatat aanee andajit taranganari sthitee petosaur mankannusar pureshi asate. pranichi pohanyachi kshamata hii vanshatil samanyatah utkrusht jivashma nond asoo shakate, jyache jatan karane khoop sope hoil asha sthiteet aahe.
laingik dvirupata.
koh ting-pong aanee pieter wellenhofer yaa doghannihi praudh 'ramphorhinks muensterry' madheel done bhinn gut olakhale, jeey maan, pankh aanee mageel avyavanchya pramananusar vegale aahet, parantu visheshtah kavatichya aanee hemarasachya lambichya gunottarat. donhi sanshodhakanni nondavale qee namunyanche heey done gut andaje 1:1 gunottarat aadhalale hote aanee tyancha arth vegvegalya linganmadhye lavala. sankhyikeey vishleshanacha vapar karoon 'ramphorhinks' madhye laingik dvirupata chachanisathi benetne chachani kelee aanee asey aadhalale qee namune kharokharach lahan-dokyachya aanee mothya-dokyachya sanchanmadhye ektrit kele gele. tathapi, hadey kinwa mauu uutinchya vastavik swarupat (aakarshastriy farak) konatyahi dnyat badalanshivay, tyanna laingik dvirupata prakaran anirnit aadhalale.
doke abhimukhata.
2003 madhye, laurence vitarchya netrutvakhalil sanshodhakanchya chamoone, manjarane kelelya jivashma kavatichya scandware punarprapt kelelya menduchya endocastcha vapar karoon, 'ramphorhinks muensterry' saha anek prakarchya pectorosourcechya menduchya sharirshastracha abhyas keela. aadhunik pranyanshi tulana karoon, teey petorosaurschya vividh bhautik vaishishtyancha andaj lavu shakale, jyat uddanadarmyan sapeksh dokyachi abhimukhata aanee pankhanchya puttle snayunche samanvay samavisht hote. vitter aanee tyachya chamoola aadhalale qee aateel kanachya 'ausius labyrinth' chya abhimukhatamule 'ramphorhinks' neey aapale doke jaminila samantar dharale aahe, jyamule pranyanna santulan shodhanyat madat hote. yaulat, 'enhanguera' sarkhya terrodactyloid pectorosaursne, udatana aanee jaminivar asatana, samanyatah tyanchi doki khalchya konat dharaleli disate.
dainandin kriyakalapanche namune.
ramphorhinkschya scleral rings aanee aadhunik pakshi aanee sarpatanare prani yanchyatil tulana asey soochit karate qee teey ratriche asoo shakate aanee tyat aadhunik ratrichya samudri pakshyansarkhe kriyakalap namune asoo shakatat. heey 'scaphognethus' aanee 'terrodactylus' sarkhya dainandin asalyache gruheet dharalelya samkalin pectorosource vishisht vibhajan dekhil soochit karoo shakate.
paryavaran.
chunkhadichya anek pattyancha shodh lagla aahe jyamadhye ganoid maase 'aspidorincus' shhee jawalcha sambandh asalelya 'ramphorincus' chey jivashma sapadale aahet. yapaiki eka namunyat, 'aspidorincus' chey jabade 'ramphorincus' namunyachya pankhanmadhun jaatat. ramphorincus' chya ghashat eka chhotya mashache, bahudha 'leptolepides' chey avashesh dekhil aahet. doubleu. dii. see. see. ess. jee. 255 mhanoon soochibaddha kelela haah slab, shikarichya done staranche pratinidhitva karoo shakato; eka 'ramphorincus' dware aanee eka 'aspidorincus' dware. doubleu. dii. see. see. ess. jee. 255 chya 2012 chya varnanat, sanshodhakanni assa prastav mandala qee 'ramphorhinks' vyaktila pohat asatana 'leptolepides' nuktach pakadala gela hota. leptolepides" tyachya grasanitoon khalee jaat asatana, eka mothya "espedorhinks" neey panyachya khaloon hallah keela asata, yaa prakriyet chukun "ramphorhinks" chya davya pankhanchya padadyala tyachya tikshna rostrums chhidra kele asate. tyachya nakatil daat pankhanchya padadyachya tantumay uutinmadhye adakale hote aanee maase swatahla sodanyasathi marat asatana 'ramphorhinks' chaa dawa pankha jivashmat jivashmat vikrut sthiteet mage khechala gela. yaa chakmakit donhi vyaktincha mrutyu jhaala, bahudha done prani jalashayatil anoxic tharat budale, jyamule maase oxygenpasoon vanchit rahile. ramphorincus' chey adhik halake shareer 'aspidorincus' chya dokyache vajan khalee dharoon thevalyamule heey doghe ekatra jatan kele gele asavet.
"audontorincus".
"audontorincus" "acculates" "heey aata haravalelya jabadyanchya khalchya kavativar aadharit hote". jabadyancha haah sanch khalchya jabadyachya tokala done daat jodanyat aanee varchya jabadyachya tokala ekahi daat nasanyat bhinn asalyache manale jaate. kavati hotee, jyamule tee eka lahan swarupachi bunley. 1936 madhye namunyache varnan varnan stallyne assa yuktivad keela qee "aar. longicoudsche 'audontorincus' yaa vanshamadhyehi punarvargikaran kele pahije. koh aanee wellenhofer yaa doghannihi hii kalpana nakarli, tyaeivaji 'audontorhinks' haah 'aar' chaa kanishth samanarthi shabd aahe assa yuktivad keela. longicouds ". benetne tyanchya mulyankanashi sahmati darshavali aanee tyat 'audontorincus' aanee 'aar' yaa donhi goshtincha samavesh hota. aar' chey samanarthi shabd mhanoon 'longicouds'. mea.

