
helminthiasis

krumee sansarg mhanoonahi olakhala jaanara helminthiasis haah manav aanee itar pranyancha konatahi sthool parjivi rog aahe jyamadhye shariracha eka bhag parjivi kruminni sankramit hoto, jyala helminth mhanatat. yaa parajivinchya anek prajati aahet, jyanche vyapakpane tapeworm, fluke aanee golakrumeenmadhye vargikaran kele jaate. teey anekada tyanchya yajmananchya jatharantriy margat rahatat, parantu teey itar avayavanmadhyehi budalele asoo shakatat, jithe teey sharirik nuksan karatat.
matidware sankramit helminthiasis aanee systosomiasis heey sarvat mahatvache helminthiasis aahet aanee durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy roganpaiki aahet. helminthiaschya yaa gatala jagatil aaghadichya aushadh kampanya aanee bigger-sarkari sanghatananchya sanyukt krutiantargat 2012 madhye suru kelelya prakalpadvare lakshya karnyat aale aahe, jyala durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy roganvaril london ghoshana mhanatat, jyacha uddesh 2020 paryant kahee durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy roganvar niyantran thevane kinwa tyanche uchchatan karane haah aahe.
helminthiyasisamule janmache parinam kharab hone, kharab sandnyanatmak vikas, shaala aanee kamachi kamgiri kharab hone, kharab samajik-aarthik vikas aanee garibi disun aalee aahe. junat aajaar, kuposhan aanee raktakshay hii duyyam parinamanchi aanakhi udaharane aahet.
matidware sankramit helminthias heey jagbharatil manvi loksankhyechya eka chaturthansh lokanmadhye parjivi sansargasathi jababdar aahet. matidware sankramit helminthiajche eka suprasiddha udaharan mhanje escariasis.
parjivi krumimansache prakar.
serve dnyat helminth prajatinpaiki, tyanche sankraman marg samajoon ghenyachya sandarbhat sarvat mahatvache helminth, tyanche niyantran, nishkriyata aanee valalelya vishthepasun manvi vishthechya namunyanmadhye ganana, mull gaal, sandapani aanee sandapani gaal heey aaheth
helminthiajche vargikaran khalilpramane kele jaate (rogachi nave '-sis' neey sampatat aanee karak krumee kansat asatat):
chinhe aanee lakshane.
helminthiasischi chinhe aanee lakshane anek ghatkanvar avalambun asatat, jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh shariratil sansargache thikan; tyat samavisht asalelya krumicha prakar; kruminchi sankhya aanee tyanche praman; sansarg karananya kruminmule honanya hanicha prakar; aanee, sharirachi rogpratikarak pratikriya. jethe shariratil parajivinche oze halake asate, tethe konatihi lakshane asoo shakat naheet.
vishisht krumee lakshananche vishisht samooh nirman karoo shakatat. udaharanarth, teniasisamule neurosysticercosismule daure yeu shakatat.
vastuman aanee aakarman.
aatdyansambandhichya sansargachya atyant gambhir prakarananmadhye, kruminche vastuman aanee praman yamule snayu tharasarkhya aatdyansambandhichya bhintiche bahya thurr phutu shakatat. yamule aatadyatil peritonitis, volvulus aanee gangreen houu shakate.
rogpratikarak pratisad.
shariratil rogjanke mhanoon, helminth rogpratikarak pratisad prerit karatat. rogpratikarak-madhyasth dahak badal tvacha, fuffuse, yakrut, aatade, madhyavarti majjasanstha aanee dolhyanmadhye hotat. sharirachya rogpratikarak pratikriyechya lakshananmadhye eosynophilia, sooj aanee sandhivat yancha samavesh asoo shakato. rogpratikarak pratikriyeche eka udaharan mhanje atisanvedanshilata pratikriya jyamule anaphylaxis houu shakato. aanakhi eka udaharan mhanje fuffusachya shwasanidware 'escaris' alyanche sthalantar jyamule damaa hoto.
duyyam parinam.
rogpratikarak shaktimadhye badal.
manavanmadhye, tii helper peshi aanee eosynophils heey kruminashakanchya sansargala pratisad detat. heey changlya prakare siddha jhaale aahe qee tii helper 2 peshi heey helminthasathi sanrakshanatmak pratikarshaktiche madhyavarti ghatak aahet, tarr bii peshi aanee pratipinde yanchya bhoomika sandarbh-aadharit aahet. jaljalamule sampoorn sharirat andyache sathe aachchhadit hotat. helminth khallyanantar aatadyanmadhil vishari padarthanmadhye utsarjit hotat. heey padarth nantar yazman sharirachya rakt parisancharan aanee lasika pranalinmadhye pravesh karatat.
helminthaysischya dirghakalin rogpratikarak pratisadanmule kshayrog, etch. aay. vhee. aanee maleria yasarkhya itar sansarganchi sanvedansheelata vadhu shakate. kruminashkamule etch. aay. vhee. chee vaadh aanee vishanucha bhaar qamee hoto aanee antiretroviral bholepana aanee anubhavi vyaktinmadhye see. dii. 4 chee sankhya vadhate qee nahee yabaddal parasparvirodhi mahitee aahe, jaree sarvat alikadil cochrain punaravalokanat yaa drushtikonache anukool parinam houu shakatat asey kahee purave aadhalale aahet.
dirghakalin aajaar.
dirghakalin helminthiyasisamule gambhir aajaar houu shakatat. helminthiyasisamule janmache parinam kharab hone, kharab sandnyanatmak vikas, shaala aanee kamachi kamgiri kharab hone, utpadakta qamee hone, kharab samajik-aarthik vikas aanee garibi disun aalee aahe.
kuposhan.
helminthiyasisamule jivansatvachi kamatarata, vaadh mandavane, raktakshay aanee prathine-urja kuposhan yasah kuposhanachya madhyamatoon junat aajaar houu shakato. krumee poshak tattvansathi tyanchya yajmananshi thet spardha karatat, parantu kruminchya poshanvishayak garja tulanene qamee asalyane yaa parinamachi tivrata bahudha qamee asate. dukaranmadhye aanee manavanmadhye, "escaris" laa lactose asahishnuta aanee aaa jivansatva, amino aaml aanee charbichya shoshanashi jodale gele aahe. aatadyanchya shleshmal bhintila thet nuksan jhalyamule kinwa rasayanik asantulan aanee aatadyanchya vanaspatinmadhil badal yasarkhya adhik sookshm badalanmule poshak tatvanche qamee sevan houu shakate. vaikalpikaritya, sharirachya pachan prakriyepasoon bachav karnyasathi krumee protease avarodhak sodatat jyamule itar poshak tatvanche vighatan houu shakate. yavyatirikt, krumimule honara atisar aatadyanmadhil sankramanacha vel qamee karoo shakato, jyamule poshak tatvanche shoshan qamee hote.
kruminmule honare kuposhan bhook naan lagnyala janm deu shakate. zanzibarmadhil 459 mulanvar kelelya abhyasat krumee nirmulananantar bhook aapoaap vadhalyache disun aale. bhook naan lagane haah sharirachya rogpratikarak pratisadamule aanee sansargashi ladhanyachya tanavacha parinam asoo shakato. visheshtah, krumichya sansargala rogpratikarak pratisadat sodanyat yenanya kahee cytokinescha sambandh pranyanmadhil bhook naan lagnyashi jodala gela aahe.
raktakshay.
helminthamule lohachya kamataratemule raktakshay houu shakato. heey hukvarmachya judd sansarganmadhye sarvat gambhir asate, kaaran "necketer americanus" aanee "encelostoma duodenel" tyanchya yajmananchya raktavar thet bharr ghalatat. jaree vaiyaktik krumiche (anukrame 0.02-0.07 miilii aanee 0.14-0.26 miilii) dainandin sevan qamee asale taree, mothya sansargachya antargat samoohik sevan vaidyakiyadrushtya mahattvapoorn asoo shakate. aatadyansambandhi vhipavarmamule dekhil raktakshay houu shakato. raktakshay haah sharirik shramansathichi qamee sahanshakti, naveen mahitee shikanyachi kshamata qamee hone aanee udasinata, chidchid aanee thakwa yanchyashi dekhil sambandhit aahe. kangochya lokshahi prajasattakatil 47 vidyarthyanmadhye krumee nirmulan aanee loh purakatechya parinamachya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee hastakshepamule sandnyanatmak karyat sudharana jhaali. aanakhi eka abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee 159 jamaikan shaley mulanmadhye, krumee nirmulanamule shravanaksham alpakalin smaranshakti aanee nauu aathvadyanchya kalavadhit scanning aanee dirghakalin smaranshaktichi punarprapti jhaali.
sandnyanatmak badal.
kruminashakanmule honanya kuposhanacha sandnyanatmak karyavar parinam houu shakato jyamule qamee shaikshanik kamgiri, ekagrata qamee hone aanee amoort sandnyanatmak karyanmadhye adchan yeu shakate. arbhakanmadhye aanee shalapurv mulanmadhye lohachi kamatarata hii 'qamee gunanshi' sambandhit aahe... mansik aanee gatishil vikasachya chachanyanvar... [tasech] bheeti, beparvai aanee samajik pratisad qamee hone. phillipines aanee indoneshiyatil abhyasanmadhye helminthiasis aanee qamee jhaleli smaranshakti aanee askhalitata yanchyatil lakshaniy parasparsambandh aadhalala. parajiviche mothe oze, visheshtah hukvarmache gambhir sansarg, heey shaletil mulanmadhye anupasthiti, qamee nondani aanee nokri sodanyashi dekhil sambandhit aahet.
prasaran.
helminth anek prakare antim yajmanakade prasarit kele jaatat. dooshit bhajya, pinyache paanee aanee kachche kinwa qamee shijavalele maans khallyane sarvat samanya sansarg hoto. dooshit annamadhye 'escaris', 'enterobius' aanee 'triaturis' sarkhya sutrakruminchi undy asoo shakatat; 'tennia', 'hymenolepis' aanee 'ichinococcus' sarkhya sestodes; aanee 'faciola' sarkhya trematodes asoo shakatat. kachche kinwa qamee shijavalele maans heey 'tennia' (dukarache maans, gomans aanee hirade), 'triachinela' (dukarache maans aanee aswal), 'diphylobothrium' (maase), 'clonorchis' (maase) aanee 'paragonymus' (crustatians) chey pramukh srot aahet. hookworm ("encelostoma" aanee "necketer") aanee "strongyloids" yasarkhe systosomes aanee sutrakrumi thet tvachemadhye pravesh karoo shakatat.
goalkrumi, 'drackenculus' madhye sankramanachi eka jatil paddhat aaheh tee sankramit paanee pioon kinwa sankramit crustatians (copepods) asalele (khallele) bedook aanee maase khallyane prapt hote; aanee sankramit paliv pranyanpasun (manjari aanee kutre) dekhil sankramit houu shakate. brugia', 'vuchereriya' aanee 'onkosarka' yasarkhe goalkrumi thet dasandware sankramit hotat. vikasansheel deshanmadhye, dooshit panyacha vapar haah sansargasathi eka pramukh jokhim ghatak aahe. bhoo-fegichya saravadvare dekhil sansarg houu shakato, joou up-sahara aafrikechya kahee bhaganmadhye asamanya nahee. udaharanarth, mule kinwa garbhavati mahila tyanchya aaharatil khanije yanchi kharee kinwa lakshat aaleli kamatarata door karnyasathi maatee khatat.
nidan.
vishthechya namunyanmadhye aadhalanaya tyanchya andyanchya (andakosh) sookshm tapasanidvare vishisht helminth olakhale jaau shakatat. andyanchi sankhya prati gramm andyanchya ekkanmadhye mojali jaate. tathapi, heey mishra sansargache praman nishchit karat nahee aanee vyavharat, shistosomes aanee matidware prasarit helminthchya andyanche praman nishchit karnyasathi chukiche aahe. serological chachanya, pratijan chachanya aanee aanvik nidan yasarkhya atyadhunik chachanya dekhil upalabdh aahet; tathapi, tyaa velkhau, mahagadya aanee nehmich vishvasarh nasatat.
pratibandh.
krumiche chakr viskalit kelyane sansarg aanee punha sansarg talhata yeil. dhonyache paanee, swachchata aanee swachchata yaa samasyankade laksh deuun sansarg rokhane mothya pramanat sadhya kele jaau shakate. visheshtah ughadyavar shauch karane qamee karane aavashyak aahe, tasech manvi kachyacha khat mhanoon vapar thambavane aavashyak aahe.
pudhil pratibandhatmak upayanmadhye yogya ann svachchateche palan, boot ghalane, paliv pranyanche niyamit krumee nirmulan aanee tyanchya vishthechi yogya vilhewat lavane yancha samavesh hoto.
shastradnya hookworm lus yasarkhya kruminashakanchya viruddha lus dekhil shodhat aahet.
upchar.
aushadhe.
broad-spectrum benzemidazoles (jase qee albendazole aanee mebendazole) heey aatadyansambandhi goalkrumi aanee tapeworm sansargache pahile upchar aahet. macrocyclic lactones (jase qee ivermectin) heey nematodschya praudh aanee sthalantarit alyanchya tappyanviruddha prabhavi aahet. prasiquantel heey systosomiasis, tenniasis aanee bahutek prakarchya annajany trematodicesasathi pasantiche aushadh aahe. oxamniquincha mothya pramanat krumee nirmulan karyakramanmadhyehi mothya pramanat vapar keela jaato. pirentailcha vapar samanyatah pashuvaidhyakiy nematodiasisasathi keela jaato. artemisinins aanee derivatives heey trematodiasisasathi pasantiche aushadh mhanoon siddha hott aahet.
samoohik krumee nirmulan.
jyaa bhagat helminthiasis samanya aahe, tyaa bhagat, visheshtah uchch jokhim asalelya shaley vayogatatil mulanmadhye, mothya pramanat krumee nirmulan upchar kele jaau shakatat. yapaiki bahutansh upkram jaagtik aarogya sanghatnene (jeey) haatee ghetale aahet aanee anek pradeshanmadhye tyache sakaratmak parinam disun yetat. krumee nirmulan karyakram shaletil upasthiti 25 takkyanni sudharu shakatat. jaree krumee nirmulan ekhadya vyaktiche aarogya sudharat asale, taree qamee jhalele mrutyu kinwa sandnyanatmak kshamatet vaadh, poshanvishayak fayade, sharirik vaadh aanee kamgiri yasarkhya samoohik krumee nirmulan mohimanche parinam anishchit aahet kinwa spasht naheet.
shastrakriya.
aatadyanmadhye adthala yasarkhya helminthiasischya guntagunti udbhavalyas, aapatkalin shastrakriyechi aavashyakta asoo shakate. jyaa rugnanna aapatkalin shastrakriyechi aavashyakta nasate, udaharanarth pittachya zadatun krumee kadhanyasathi, tyanchyavar anthelmintic aushadh albendazole vaparoon purv-upchar kele jaau shakatat.
mahamarishastra.
up-sahara africa, madhya aanee purv ashiya aanee americase ushnakatibandhiy aanee uposhnakatibandhiy bhaganmadhye helminthiasischa sarvadhik pradurbhav aahe.
durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy rog.
kahee prakarche helminthias durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy rog mhanoon vargikrut kele jaatat. tyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
prasar.
maatee-prasarit helminth ("aaa. lumbricoides, "tii. trichiura, "aine. americanus, "aaa. duodenel), "systosomes aanee filarial verms ektritpane konatyahi eka velee jagbharatil manvi loksankhyechya eka chaturthanshpeksha jaast lokanna sankramit karatat, jeey etch. aay. vhee. aanee maleria yanna ektritpane mage taktat. maleriyanantar schistosomiasis haah manavanmadhye honara dusra sarvat prachalit parjivi rog aahe.
2014-15 madhye, jyanni andaj vartavala qee andaje 2 abj lokanna maatee-sankramit helminthias, 249 dashalaksh lokanna systosomiasis, 56 dashalaksh lokanna ann-janit trematodiasis, 120 dashalaksh lokanna lasika filariasis, 3 kotee 7 laakh lokanna oncosericiasis aanee 1 dashalaksh lokanna ichinokokosischa sansarg jhaala hota. dusarya eka strotachya andajanusar, matitoon sankramit honanya eka kinwa adhik helminthamule sankramit jhalelya 3.5 abjanchi sankhya khoop jaast aahe.
2014 madhye, tyaa vishisht kruminashkasathichya yashasvi nirmulan mohimemule keval 148 lokanna draconculises jhalyache nondavale gele hote, jeey itar kruminashakanpeksha nasht karane sope aahe kaaran teey keval dooshit paanee pyayalyane sankramit hote.
tyanchya uchch halchal aanee swachchatechya qamee mankanmule, shaley vayogatatil mulanna helminthiasischa visheshtah dhoka asato. vikasansheel deshantil bahutek mulanna kiman eka sansarg asel. bahu-prajatinche sankraman khoop samanya aahe.
enterobius vermicularis", "giardia lamblia", "encelostoma duodenel", "necketer americanus" aanee "entamoiba hystolytica" heey united statesmadhil sarvat samanya aatadyansambandhi parjivi aahet.
samudayanmadhil bhinnata.
uchch pradurbhav asalelya bhagatahi, sansargachi varanvarta aanee tivrata samudayanmadhye kinwa kutumbanmadhye eksaman nasate. samudayachya sadasyanchya thodya pramanat bahusankhya krumee aadhaltat aanee heey vayavar avalambun asate. kidanche kamal oze paach teey daha varshe vayachya vayat asate, tyanantar teey zapatyane qamee hote. samaan swachchatechya payabhoot suvidha aanee svachchateche vartan asalelya lokansathi helminthiasischi vaiyaktik pravrutti hii bhinn rogpratikarak kshamata, poshan sthitee aanee anuvanshik ghatakanmule asalyache manale jaate. vyakti uchch kinwa qamee krumichya ozene grast asalyamule, yashasvi upcharanantar punha midavalele oze upcharapurvichya ozechya pramanat asate.
apangatva-samayojit jeevan varshe.
assa andaj aahe qee aatadyansambandhi sutrakrumichya sansargamule 50 laakh apangatva-samayojit ayushya varshe (dallis) nasht hotat, jyapaiki hookworm sansargamule 30 lakhanhun adhik dallis aanee escaris sansarg 10 lakhanhun adhik hotat. pragatichi chinhe dekhil aaheth 2015 madhye prakashit jhalelya rogachya jaagtik bondacha andaj aahe qee serve aatadyansambandhi/sutrakrumi sansargansathi 1990 teey 2013 yaa 13 varshanchya kalavadhit apangatvasah jagana varshanmadhye 46 takke (vay pramanit jhalyavar 59 takke) ghat jhaali aanee agadi 74 takke (vay pramanit jhalyavar 80 takke) escariasisamule jhalelya vruddhapkalat ghat jhaali.
mrutyu.
matitoon sankramit helminthiyasisamule darvarshi 1,35,000 lock martat.
rogachya jaagtik bhaar abhyasane systosomiasisamule 5,500 thet mrutyu honyacha andaj vartavala, tarr 2013 madhye systosomiasishi sambandhit karananmule darvarshi 2,00,000 hoon adhik lokancha mrutyu honyacha andaj vartavanyat aala. aanakhi 2 kotee lokanna yaa rogache gambhir parinam bhogave lagatat. durlakshit ushnakatibandhiy roganpaiki haah sarvat pranghatak aahe.