sadarikaran qalaa

sadarikaran qalaa mhanje sangeet, nrutya aanee natak yasarkhya qalaa jyaa prekshakansathi sadar kelya jaatat. teey drushya kalanpeksha vegale aahet, jeey bhautik kinwa sthir qalaa vastoo tayar karnyasathi rung, canvas kinwa vividh samagricha vapar karatat. sadarikaran kalanmadhye rangbhumi, sangeet aanee nrutya yasah thet prekshakansamor sadar kelya kelya vividh shakhancha samavesh hoto.
natak, sangeet, nrutya, vastoo hatalani aanee itar prakarchya sadarikarane serve manvi sanskratinmadhye aahet. sangeet aanee nrutyacha itihas pragaitihasik kalapasoon aahe, tarr circus kaushalye kiman pracheen egyptparyant aahet. anek sadarikaran qalaa vyavsayikaritya sadar kelya jaatat. natyagruhe aanee aupera hausasarkhya uddeshane bandhalelya imaratinmadhye, utsavanmadhye khulya havamanachya tappyanvar, sarkasasarkhya tambunmadhil kinwa rastyavar sadarikaran kele jaau shakate.
prekshakansamor thet sadarikaran haah manoranjanacha eka prakar aahe. audio aanee video recordingchya vikasamule sadarikaran kalancha khajgi vapar karnyas parvanagi midali aahe. sadarikaran kalanche uddisht bahudha aekhadyachya bhavna aanee bhavna vyakt karane heey asate.
kalakar.
prekshakansamor sadarikaran kalanmadhye sahbhagi sahbhagi kalakaranna kalakar mhanatat. yachee udaharane mhanje abhinete, vinodi kalakar, nartak, jadugar, circus kalakar, sangitkar aanee gayak yancha samavesh hoto. gitalekhan, nrutya digdarshan aanee rangbhumi yasarkhya sambandhit kshetratil kamgarankadunhi sadarikaran kalanna pathbal dile jaate. kalakar anekada veshbhusha aanee rangbhumivaril sajavat, rangbhumivaril prakashyojana aanee dhwani yansarkhya tyanchya swarupache anukulan karatat.
prakar.
sadarikaran kalanmadhye nrutya, sangeet, aupera, natya aanee sangeet natya, jaadoo, bhram, mime, bolanare shabd, kathputali, circus qalaa, stand up comedy, improve, vyavsayik kusti aanee sadarikaran qalaa yancha samavesh asoo shakato.
lalit kalecha eka vishesh prakar dekhil aahe, jyamadhye kalakar tyanche kaam thet prekshakansamor sadar karatat. yala sadarikaran qalaa mhanatat. bahutek sadarikaran kalanmadhye plastic kalecha kahee prakar dekhil samavisht asato, kadachit propschya nirmitimadhye. aadhunik nrutya yugat nrutyala anekada plastic qalaa mhanoon sambodhale jaat asey.
natyagruh.
natak hii sadarikaran kalechi shakha aahe jee bhashan, havbhav, sangeet, nrutya, dhwani aanee drushya yanche sanyojan vaparoon prekshakansamor katha sadar karnyashi sambandhit aahe. yapaiki konatehi eka kinwa adhik ghatak sadarikaran qalaa manale jaatat. natakanchya manak varnanatmak sanvad shailivyatirikt, natak, sangeet, aupera, balley, bhram, mime, shastriy bharatiy nrutya, kabuki, mamarchi natake, aashurachanatmak natya, vinodi, pantmime aanee uttar-aadhunik natya, natyottar natya kinwa sadarikaran qalaa yasarkhya aparamparik kinwa samkalin prakaranchi natake ashee rupe rangatat.
nrutya.
sadarikaran kalanchya sandarbhat, nrutya samanyatah manvi halchalincha sandarbh dete, samanyatah laybaddh aanee sangeet, jeey sadarikaranamadhye prekshakanchya manoranjanacha eka prakar mhanoon vaparale jaate. nrutya mhanje kaay yachya vyakhya samajik, sanskrutik, saundarya, kalatmak aanee naitik nirbandhanvar avalambun asatat aanee karyatmak halchalinpasun (jase qee loknrutya) ballesarkhya sanhitabaddha, gunee tantranparyant asatat.
asatat shatkat mukt nrutya shailichya navane eka aadhunik nrutyaprakar udayala aala. yaa prakarchya nrutyachi rachana eka susanvadi vyaktimatva nirman karnyasathi karnyat aalee hotee jyat sharirik aanee aadhyatmik swatantryasarkhya vaishishtyancha samavesh hota. isadora dunken hii pahili mahila nartaki hotee jine 'bhavishyatil stree' baddal yuktivad keela aanee nitshechya 'mukt manatil sarvoch munn' yaa kalpanecha vapar karoon nrutya digdarshanache naveen vahak vikasit kele.
nrutya hii eka shaktishali aaveg aahe, parantu nrutyachi qalaa ashee aahe qee kushal kalakaranni jyaa aavegala asha ekhadya goshtimadhye pravahit kele aahe jeey tivrapane abhivyaktipurn hote aanee jyanna swatah nrutya karanyachi ichcha nasate asha prekshakanna teey aanandit karoo shakate. nrutyakalechya yaa done sankalpana-eka shaktishali aaveg mhanoon nrutya aanee kushalatene nrutyarachana keleli qalaa mhanoon nrutya, jyacha sarav kahee vyavsayik lock mothya pramanat karatat-yaa done sarvat mahattvachya mahattvachya kalpana aahet jyaa tyaa vishayachya konatyahi vicharatoon chalatat. nrutyamadhye, done sankalpananmadhil sambandh itar kahee kalanpeksha adhik majboot aahe aanee doghanpaiki konihi mrutdehashiivaaay astitvat rahoo shakat nahee.
nrutya digdarshan hii nrutya karanyachi qalaa aahe aanee jee vyakti yaa kalecha sarav karate tyala nrutyadigdarshak mhanatat.
sangeet.
sangeet haah eka qalaa prakar aahe joou dhwani nirman karnyasathi swar, taal aanee gatishil yancha mell ghalato. vividh vadye aanee shaili vaparoon heey sadar kele jaau shakate aanee loksangeet, jazz, hiip hopp, popp aanee rock ityadi prakaranmadhye vibhagale jaate. eka qalaa prakar mhanoon, sangeet thet kinwa dhwanimudrit swarupat houu shakate aanee tyache niyojan kinwa sudharit kele jaau shakate.
sangeet hii eka proteon qalaa asalyane, nrutyamadhye sharirik halchali kelyapramane tee ganyansathi shabdanshi sahajpane samanvay sadhate. shivay, tyat manvi vartanas aakar denyachi kshamata aahe kaaran tee aaplya bhavnanvar parinam karate.
itihas.
pashchatya qalaa.
ii. sha. puu. chya shatkat suru jhalelya, sadarikaran kalecha shastriy kaal greesmadhye suru jhaala, jyachi suruvat sophoklisasarkhya shokantike kavinni kelee. yaa kavinni natake lihili, jyat kahee prakarananmadhye nrutya samavisht hote (euripids pahaa). hellenistic kalkhandat vinodi chitrapatacha vyapak vapar suru jhaala.
tathapi, ii. sha. chya chya shatkaparyant, kaala yug suru hotach pashchatya sadarikaran qalaa mothya pramanat sampushtat aalya hotya. hotya aanee japan shatkachya darmyan, pashchimatya bhagatil qalaa sadar karane heey dharmik aitihasik kayade aanee naitikatechya natakanpurte maryadit hote, jeey charchdware pavitra divas aanee itar mahattvachya ghatananchya utsavat aayojit kele jaat hote.
punarjagaran.
15 vya shatkat, italimadhye punarujjivan suru jhaale aanee sampoorn europemadhil natkanmadhye tyacha prasar jhaala, jyapaiki kahee nrutya samavisht hote, jeey sadar kele gele aanee dominico daa piacenza yanna tyanchya 'baleti' kinwa 'balli' sathee 'danza' (nrutya) aivaji 'ballow' ('dii arte saltandi ett corias dussendy' madhye) yaa shabdacha pratham vapar karnyache shrey dile gele. akheris haah shabd 'balley' banala. pahili balley 'parr seey' hii balthasar dii byujoyulksachi balley comic dii laa raine (1581) asalyache manale jaate.
aala shatkachya madhyaparyant, aashurachanacha vapar suru karoon, comedia dell 'arte europemadhye lokpriy jhaale. yaa kalat englandmadhil sangeet, nrutya aanee vistrut veshbhusha tasech vyavsayik natya kampanya asalele elizabethan mukhavata dekhil sadar karnyat aala. aala shatkachya uttaradhat william shakespearechi natake vyavsayik sadarikaranachya yaa naveen vargatoon vikasit jhaali.
1597 madhye, pahila aupera, daffney sadar karnyat aala aanee 17 vya shatkat, aupera vegane europechya bahutek kuleen vargasathi aanee akheris sampoorn europemadhil shahare aanee shaharanmadhye akheris mothya sankhyene lokansathi pasantiche manoranjan banale.
aadhunik yug.
yug shatkat italimadhye rangbhumichya kamanchya parichayane paramparik natyarupachi sthapana kelee jee aajahi tikoon aahe. darmyan, englandmadhye, puritansani abhinayavar bandee ghatali, jyamule 1660 paryant chalalelya sadarikaran kalanna sthagiti midali. tyanantar, mahila french aanee ingraji yaa donhi natkanmadhye disu lagalya. frenchanni 17 vya shatkachya uttaradhat aupcharik nrutya shikavani suru kelee.
yach kalat american vasahatinmadhye pahili natake sadar karnyat aalee.
18 vya shatkat, lokpriy aupera bafachya parichayane sadarikaranasathi eka sulabh prakar mhanoon aupera lokansamor aanala. mosartche 'daad marage auph figaro' aanee 'donn jiovanni' heey heey shatkachya uttaradhatil operache khuna aahet.
jhaali shatkachya uttaradhat, beethovan aanee pranayramya chalvaline eka naveen yugachi suruvat kelee jyamule pratham bhavya auperache chashma aanee nantar juicepe vardichya sangeet natkankade aanee richard wagnerchya operanche 'gasematcunstwork' (kaleche ekoon kaam) thet vadhimule shatkatil sangitakade nele.
19 weey shatak haah serve samajik vargansathi sadarikaran kalanchya vadhicha kaal hota, chitrapatgruhanmadhye gasalitechi olakh, berlesk, minstrail nrutya aanee vividh rangbhumi yasarkhya tantrik pragati. ballemadhye, purvichya purush-varchasva asalelya kalemadhye striya mothee pragati karatat.
paramparik nrutyanatyanchya nirbandhanna pratisad mhanoon jhaali shatkachya uttaradhat aanee vadhimule shatkachya suruvatila aadhunik nrutyachi suruvat jhaali.
sergei diaghilevchya balley raschya (1909-1929) aagamanane balley aanee sadarikaran kalanmadhye samanyatah pashchatya jagaat kranti ghadavun aanali, sarvat mahattvache mhanje diaghilevchya sahkaryavar bharr dilyane, jyane nrutyadigdarshak, nartak, seet designer/kalakar, sangitkar aanee sangitkaranna ekatra aanale. teey atyant guntaguntiche aahe.
constantin stanislavskychya 'pranali' neey 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila abhinayat kranti ghadavun aanali aanee aajahi rangmanch aanee padadyavaril kalakaranvar tyacha motha prabhav aahe. yaa kalat prabhavvad aanee aadhunik vastavad yaa donhinchi manchavar olakh jhaali.
jhaali shatkachya uttaradhat thomas edison yanni chitrapatancha shodh lavala aanee vadhimule shatkachya suruvatila hollywoodmadheel chitrapat udhyogachya vadhimule, vadhimule aanee aanee shatkat chitrapat heey eka prabhavi sadarikaran madhyam banale.
kalya amerikechi eka sanskrutik ghatana, ly aanee blues, 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila prasiddha jhaali, jyamule nantarchya lokpriy sangeet shailinchya shrenivar aantarrashtriy staravar prabhav padala.
1930 chya dashakat jeane rosenthalne aadhunik rangbhumivaril prakashyojanachi suruvat kelee, jyamule sanyukt rajyanmadhye broadway sangeet hii eka ghatana banalyamule rangbhumiche swaroop badalale.
yuddhanantar.
pashchatya jagaat balley aanee aupera yaa donhichya punarujjivanamule mrutdeh mahayuddhanantarchya sadarikaran kalanvar prakash takala gela.
1960 chya dashakat sadarikaran kalanmadhil uttaraadhunikateche mothya pramanat varchasva hote. 
african pradarshan qalaa.
sthanik african sadarikaran parampara vidhee, kathakathan, chalval aanee sangeetat rujalelya aahet. sadarikaran heey sanvad sadhanare kathakar aanee prekshak sanvad sadhat aanee bolanyat aanee pratisadat sahbhagi hott asatana samudayik hote, jyache vaishishtya mhanje gayak eka vakyanshavar swakshari karato jyacha nantar itar kalakar aanee/kinwa prekshakanni pratidhvanit keela kinwa naveen vakyanshasah pratisad deela. hii pracheen parampara anek african sanskratinmadhye rujaleli aahe.
uttar africa.
pracheen egyptchya aupcharik natkansah sarvat junie nond keleli natya ghatana ii. sha. puu. 2000 salchi aahe. dev osirisachi katha darvarshi sampoorn sanskratitil utsavanmadhye sadar kelee jaat asey, jyamule rangbhumi aanee dharm yanchyatil pradirgh sambandhanchi suruvat jhaali. natyamay ramseyam papayaras, sarvat juna jiwant sachitra papayaras, seed utsavadarmyanchya sadarikaranacha tapasheel deto aanee natya paramparechya janmacha purava mhanoon vaparla jaato, jyache shrey pashchatya vidwan anekada pracheen greecela detat.
paschim africa.
griot haah eka paschim aafrikecha maukhik itihaskar aahe, joou katha sangane, kavita aanee sangeet vaparoon teey pratinidhitva karatat tyaa jamatinchi vanshavali aanee aitihasik katha vyakt karato, anekada cora sarkhi vadye vajavato. haah pracheen vyavasay samudayik netrutvachya padavar kayam aahe.
purvekadil pradarshan qalaa.
paschim ashiya.
madhyayugeen islami jagatil rangbhumiche sarvat lokpriy prakar mhanje kathputali rangbhumi (jyat hatpudya, chhaya natake aanee marionet nirmiti samavisht hotee) aanee 'tazia' mhanoon olakhali jaanari thet utkat natake, jithe kalakar muslim itihasatil bhag punha sakartat. visheshtah sheeya islami natake aliche putra husson ibn allie aanee hussen ibn allie yanchya 'shaheed' (hautatmya) chya bhovati firat hotee. jaree tee kathputali aanee taa 'zia natakanpeksha qamee prachalit asali taree madhyayugeen' adab 'sahityat nondavaleli jiwant dharmnirpeksh natake' akhraja 'mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee.
iran.
iranmadhye 'nagali' kinwa 'nakkali' (katha sangane), 'tazih', 'üru-housey', 'siya-bajhi', 'parade-khanee' aanee 'marek giirii' yasarkhya natya karyakramanche itar prakar aahet. visavya shatkapurvi, katha sangane haah manoranjanacha sarvat manyataprapt prakar hota, jaree aajahi kahee prakar ajunahi astitvat aahet. nagali' haah eka prakar paramparikpane coffey hausmadhye sadar keela jaat asey, jithe kathakar kinwa 'nagal' (nakkal) eka velee katheche fakt kahee bhag vachatat, tyamule niyamit grahak tikoon rahatat. yaa katha aitihasik kinwa dharmik mahattvachya ghatananvar aanee shahnamehmadhil anek sandarbhit kavyanvar aadharit hotya. hotya yaa katha prekshakanchya vatavaranashi kinwa manahsthitishi jodalya jaanyasathi badalalya gelya.
bharat.
loknatya aanee natyakala ii. sha. puu. puu sahasrabditil vaidik lokanchya dharmik vidhimadhye aadhalu shakatat. dhukyachya bhootkalatil heey loknatya nrutya, ann, vidhee aanee dainandin jivanatil ghatananche chitran yaat misalale gele hote. shevatchya ghatakane tyala nantarchya kalatil shastriy natakache mool banavale. anek itihaskar, visheshtah dii. dii. kosambi, debiprasad chattopadhyay, aadya rangacharay ii. indo-aryan jamatinmadhye vidhiprakriyanchya prasaracha ullekh keela aahe, jyamadhye jamatitil kahee sadasya teey jangali prani asalyasarkhe vagale aanee itar kahee shikari hote. jeey jeey, mhashi, randukkar, makade ityadi sastan prani mhanoon kaam karat asat. shikarichi bhoomika bhoomika tyancha pathlag keela.
bharat munee (phaa. ii. sha. puu. puu shatkatil) heey eka pracheen bharatiy lekhak hote, jeey 'natyache natyashastra' lihinyasathi prasiddha hote, joou rangbhumi, nrutya, abhinay aanee sangeet yasah bharatiy sadarikaran kalanvaril eka saiddhantik grunth aahe, jyachi tulana aristotalchya 'kavyatmak' goshtinshi kelee jaate. bharatala anekada bharatiy natyakalanche janak mhanoon olakhale jaate. natakache tantra kinwa tyaeivaji qalaa paddhatshir paddhatine vikasit karnyacha tyancha 'natyashastra' haah pahila prayatna asalyache disate. natyashastra aaplyala keval natkat kaay chitrit karayache aahe heey sangat nahee tarr chitran kase karave heey dekhil sangate. bharat munee mhanato tyapramane natak mhanje purushanche aanee tyanchya krutinche anukaran (lock-vrutti). purush aanee tyanchya kamancha manchavar aadar keela pahije, mhanoon sanskratmadhil natkala 'roopak' yaa shabdane dekhil olakhale jaate, jyacha arth chitran assa hoto.
ramayan' aanee 'mahabharat' hii bharatat ugam pavaleli pahili manyataprapt natake manali jaau shakatat. yaa mahakavyanni suruvatichya bharatiy natakkaranna prerana dilee aanee aajahi teey teey karatat. ii. sha. puu. puu shatkatil bhasasarkhya bharatiy natakkaranni ramayan aanee mahabharat yaa natakanpasun mothya pramanat prerit natake lihili.
ii. sha. puu. puu shatkatil kalidas haah pracheen bharatatil sarvat mahan natakkar manla jaato. kalidasane lihileli teen prasiddha pranayramya natake mhanje "malavikagnimitram" ("malvik aanee agnimitra"), "vikramorvashyam" ("vikram aanee urvashishi sambandhit") aanee "abhijanshakuntal" ("shakuntalachi manyata"). shevatcha bhag 'mahabharat' madheel eka kathepasoon prerit hota aanee too sarvat prasiddha aahe. ingraji aanee germanmadhye anuvadit jhalela too pahila hota. mahakavyanmadhun mothya pramanat aakarshit jhalelya bhashachya tulanet, kalidas haah mool natakkar manla jaau shakato.
tyanantarche mahan bharatiy natakkar bhavbhooti (ii. sha. 7 weey shatak). tyanni khaleel teen natake lihili asey mhatale jaateh 'malatee-madhav', 'mahaviracharit' aanee 'uttar ramcharit'. yaa teenpaiki, tyateel shevatche done, ramayanatil sampoorn mahakavya, aachchhadit karatat. shaktishali bharatiy samrat harsh (606-648) yala teen natake lihinyache shrey dile jaateh vinodi 'ratnavali', 'priyadarshika' aanee bauddha natak 'naganand'. madhyayugat itar anek natakkar aale.
bharatachya dakshin bhagat anek sadarikaran qalaa prakar hote, keral heey asey rajya aahe jithe koodiyattam, nangyarkuthu, kathakali, chakyarkuthu, tiryattam yasarkhya vividh qalaa prakar aahet aanee penkulam raman chakyar aanee itaransarkhe anek pramukh kalakar hote.
chean.
shang rajvanshachya kalat ii. sha. puu. 1500 chya suruvatichya kalat chinmadhye natya manoranjanache sandarbh aahet; tyat anekada sangeet, jokar aanee kalabajiche pradarshan samavisht hote.
tang rajvanshala kadhikadhi '1000 manoranjanache yug' mhanoon olakhale jaate. yaa kalat, samrat zuanzongne pramukhyane sangitmay asalelya natakacha eka prakar tayar karnyasathi, nashpati bageche mull mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka abhinay shaala sthapan kelee.
hahn rajvanshachya kalat, chhaya kathputalicha chinmadhye pratham rangbhumicha eka manyataprapt prakar mhanoon udayas aala. chhaya kathputaliche done vegale prakar hote, cantonese dakshin aanee pakingies uttar. kathputalyanni sadar kelelya khelachya prakarachya ulat, kathputalya banavanyachya paddhatidvare aanee kathputalyanvar rodd basavoon donhi shailinmadhye farak keela gela. donhi shailinni samanyatah mahan sahas aanee kalpanaramya darshavinari natake sadar kelee, rajkiy pracharasathi kvachitach rangbhumicha haah shailibaddha prakar vaparla jaat asey. cantonese chhaya kathputalya yaa doghanpaiki mothya hotya. teey jaad chamadyacha vapar karoon bandhale gele hote jyamule adhik lakshaniy chhaya nirman jhaali. pratikatmak rangahi khoop prachalit hota; kaala chehara pramanikpanache, tarr laal chehara shauryache pratinidhitva karat asey. cantonese kathputalyanvar niyantran thevanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya kadtuse kathputalyanchya dokyala lambpane jodalya jaat asat. tyamule jevha chhaya nirman jhaali tevha prekshakanna tee disali naheet. pakingies kathputalya adhik najuk aanee lahan hotya. teey samanyatah gadhavachya potatoon ghetalelya patal, ardhpardarshak chamdyapasun tayar kele gele hote. teey chaitanyashil ranganni rangavale gele hote, tyamule tyanchi eka atishay rangiberangi chhaya padate. tyanchya halchalinvar niyantran thevanare patal dorr kathputalichya manevar chamadyachya collarla jodalele hote. kadtuse kathputalichya sharirala samantar dhavat asat aanee nantar maneshi jodanyasathi navvad anshanchya konat valat asat. chhaya taktana heey kadtuse disat asatana, teey kathputalichya savalit thewale gele; tyamule, teey aakrutichya swarupat hastakshep karat navhate. ekach sharirasah anek dokyancha vapar sulabh karnyasathi manevar jodalelya rodd. jevha dokyancha vapar keela jaat navhata, tevha tee malmalchya pustakat kinwa kapadane lavalelya peteet sathavali jaat asat. ratri nehmi dokya kadhalya jaat asat. jarr akhand thewale tarr kathputalya ratri jiwant hotil yaa junya andhavishvasala dharoon heey hote. kathputalyanche punarujjivan karanyachi shakyata aanakhi qamee karnyasathi, kahee kathputalikaranni dokya eka pustakat aanee mrutdeh mrutdeh pustakat sathavun thevanyaparyant pavale takali. chhaya kathputali heey sarkarche sadhan bananyapurvi 11 vya shatkat kalatmak vikasachya sarvoch tappyavar pohochale asey mhatale jaate.
ganyachya rajgharanyat, kalabaji aanee sangitacha samavesh asaleli anek lokpriy natake hotee. heey yuan rajvanshat chaar kinwa paach-krutee sanrachanesah adhik atyadhunik swarupat vikasit jhaale. yuan natak sampoorn chinmadhye pasarale aanee anek pradeshik rupanmadhye vaividhyapurn jhaale, jyapaiki sarvat prasiddha mhanje beijing aupera, jeey aajahi lokpriy aahe.
thayaland.
thayalandmadhye, bharatiy mahakavyanmadhun kadhalelya kathanvar aadharit natake rangavanyachi parampara madhyayugapasun aahe. visheshtah, thayalandachya rashtriy mahakavya 'ramakian' chee natya aavrutti, jee bharatiy 'ramayan' chee aavrutti aahe, tee aajahi thayalandmadhye lokpriy aahe.
kambodiya.
kambodiyamadhye, ii. sha. chya chya shatkatil shilalekh sthanik mandiratil nartak aanee dharmik natkansathi kathputalicha vapar kelyache purave darshavtat. pracheen rajdhani angkorwat yethe, bharatiy mahakavyantil 'ramayan' aanee 'mahabharat' chya katha mandire aanee rajvadyanchya bhintinvar koralya gelya aahet. indoneshiyatil borobudur yethe ashach prakarche shilpe aadhaltat.
phillipines.
philipinesmadhye, prasiddha mahakavya ebong adarna, moolatah "corrido ett buhe naa pinagdanan enji tatlong principeng magkapatid naa anak neena herring fernando ett rena valeriana saa kaharang barbaniya" (ingrajih "corrido aanee jeevan teen rajkumaranni, raja fernando aanee ranee valerianachi mule, barbaniyachya samrajyat jagale") heey 16 vya shatkatil spanish yugat jose dii laa cruze yanni lihile hote. natya pradarshananvyatirikt, vividh chitrapat studio/durchitravani nirmitidvare vegvegalya chitrapatanchi nirmiti kelee gelee. philipineschya itihasatil sarvat motha chitrapat studio asalelya ell. vhee. aine. picturesne nirmit pahila 'aang ebong adarna' chitrapat.
florante ett laura hii eka 'aavit' kinwa 12 aksharanchi chaturthansh asaleli kavita aahe, jyache purn shirshak 'pinagdanang buhe nee florante ett nee laura saa kaharang albanya' (ingrajih 'daad histree auph florante andd laura inn daad kingdam auph albania') heey francisco balagtasne 1838 madhye tyachya turungvasadarmyan tyachya priy marheria asunkuyan rivera (jyala 'emm' asey topananav aahe.aaa.aar."," selia "mhanoon sandarbhit). yaa kavitecha eka vishesh bhag aahe jyache shirshak aahe "keey selia" (ingrajih "seliyasathi") joou visheshtah riverasathi samarpit aahe.
philipinescha rashtriy nayak, jose rizzle, joou eka kadambarikar dekhil aahe, tyane philipinesmadhil done prasiddha kavita tayar kelya, 'nollie meey tanger' (lattinmadhye 'touch mea nott', spanish varnalekhananusar antim shabdavar tivra uchcharan jodale gele) (1887) jyamadhye spanish catholic frears aanee sattadhari sarkarchya kathit asamanateche varnan kele aahe aanee 'ell philibusterizo' (anuvadah philibusterism; locus ingraji anuvadapramane vidhvansak kinwa vidhvansak, heey dekhil sambhavya anuvad aahet, jyanna tyachya paryayi ingraji shirshak daad rine auph greed) (1891) dware dekhil olakhale jaate. kadambaricha gadad vishay mageel kadambarichya aashadayak aanee pranayramya vatavaranapasun natakiyaritya vegala aahe, joou deshachya vyavasthet sudharana karnyachya tyachya aadhichya prayatnancha konatahi parinam naan jhalyane aanee philipinobaddal spanish lokanchya bhrasht vruttimule ashakya vatalyabaddal, hinsak margane tyachya deshachya samasya sodavanyacha ibarracha avalamb darshavito. yaa yaa spanish samrajyane philipineschya vasahatikaranachya kalat lihilya hotya.
yaa serve sahityik kalakruti kanishth madhyamik shalansathi keey-12 karyakramachya abhyaskramantargat hotya, ebong adarna haah 7 vichya abhyaskramantargat aahe; florante ett laura (8 vee); "nollie meey tangere" (9 vee); aanee ell philibusterizo (10 vee).
japan.
japan shatkat, japanmadhye abhinetyanchya chhotya kampanya hotya jyanni lahan, kadhikadhi ashleel vinodi chitrapat sadar kele. yapaiki eka companyche sanchalak kanami (1333-1384) yanna zami motokio (1363-1443) haah mulga hota, joou japanmadhil sarvotkrusht balkalakaranpaiki eka manla jaat asey. jevha kanamichya companyne japanchya aashikaga yoshimitsu (1358-1408) sathee sadarikaran kele, tevha tyane jhamila tyachya kalesathi darbari shikshan ghenyachi vinanti kelee. zami tyachya vadilanchya jaagi aalyanantar, tyane sadarikaran karane aanee tyachya shailishi julavun ghene chaloo thewale jeey aaj noah aahe. pentomime aanee gayan kalabajiche mishran asaleli natakachi noah shaili hii japanmadhil natya pradarshanachya sarvat parishkrut prakaranpaiki eka bunley aahe.
dirghkal chalalelya yadavi yuddhannantar aanee rajkiy gondhalanantar japan eksandh jhaala aanee pramukhyane tokugawa iyasu (1600-1668) mule shantatet hota. tathapi, khrishchan dharmpracharkanchya dharmantar karnyachya prayatnanmule deshat khrishchananchya vadhatya sankhyemule chintit houn, tyane japanahun europe aanee chinashi sampark todala aanee khrishchan dharmavar bandee ghatali. jevha shantata aalee, tevha sanskrutik prabhavachi bharbharat aanee vadhatya vyapari vargane swatachya manoranjanachi magani kelee. ningyo joruri (samanyatah bunraku mhanoon olakhala jaanara) haah rangbhumicha pahila prakar joou bharbharatila aala. ningyo joriche sansthapak aanee mukhya yogdan denare chikamatsu monzemon (1653-1725) yanni tyanchya natyarupache natyarupache kalaprakarat rupantar kele. ningyo joruri haah kathputalyancha vapar karoon rangbhumicha eka atyant shailibaddha prakar aahe, joou aaj manvasarkha aahe. kathputalyanvar niyantran thevanare purush tyanche sampoorn ayushya kushal kathputalikar honyasathi prashikshit karatat, jevha teey kathputaliche doke aanee ujava haat chalvu shakatat aanee sadarikaranadarmyan tyanche chehare dakhavane nivadu shakatat. itar kathputalikar, kathputalichya qamee mahattvachya avyavanvar niyantran thevatat, tyanchi adrushyata darshavinyasathi, swatahla aanee tyanche chehare kalya sootmadhye jhakatat. sanvad ekach vyaktidvare hatalala jaato, joou vegvegalya patranche anukaran karnyasathi vividh swarancha aavaj aanee bolanyachi paddhat vaparato. chikamatsune tyachya aayushyat hajaro natake lihili, jyapaiki bahutansh aajahi vaparali jaatat.
kabukichi suruvat bunrakoo nantar lagechach jhaali, dantakathenusar tee 16 vya shatkachya akheris akheris okuni navachya abhinetrine kelee aahe. kabukichi bahutansh samagri noah aanee bunrakumadhun aalee hotee aanee tichya aniyamit nrutya-prakarchya halchali dekhil bunrakucha parinam aahet. tathapi, kabuki heey nohpeksha qamee aupcharik aanee adhik durche aahe, tarihi japani lokanmadhye khoop lokpriy aahe. kalakaranna nrutya, gayan, pantmime aanee agadi kalabaji yasah anek vividh goshtinche prashikshan dile jaate. kabuki pratham tarun mulinni, nantar tarun mulanni sadar kelee aanee 16 vya shatkachya akheris, kabuki companyanmadhye serve purushancha samavesh hota. jyaa purushanni manchavar mahilanche chitran kele hote, tyanna tyanchya sookshm halchali aanee havbhavanmadhye striche saar jaanun ghenyasathi visheshtah prashikshit kele gele hote.
oshaniyamadhil pradarshan kalancha itihas.
anekada, melanesian nrutyamadhye purushatvachi sanskrutik sankalpana darshavili jaate, jyamadhye netrutva aanee eka adviteey kaushalya samooh haah samudayasobat samayik karnyasathi mahattvacha asato. hii nrutye purushache sainikatva darshavtat; tathapi, tee sangharshache nirakaran karnyas kinwa barey honyas protsahan dene yasarkhya nafyache pratinidhitva dekhil karoo shakatat. veshbhushetil veshbhushemadhye mothe mukhavate aanee amanavi vaishishtye samavisht asatat jee pauranik aakrutyanche anukaran karatat. sangeet yaa jaduchya vyaktinsathi aavaj mhanoonahi kaam karoo shakate.

