
akshak

akshak (sumerianah <unk>, aksak) heey pracheen sumerche shahar hote, jeey akkadchya uttarekadil simevar vasalele hote, kadhikadhi babylonian upee (greek opis) mhanoon olakhale jaate. urr-kisal, naa-teecha mulga, papacha pasoo-pujari, haah' naa-teecha mulga, haah 'haah shilalekh,' varr aadharit aahe, joou 'papacha sung-pujari' aahe, joou 'papacha pasoo-pujari' aahe aanee tyane 'haah putala' sadar keela aahe."qee akshakat papache dev mandir hote.
itihas.
dumuzidche swapna' yaa sumerian sahityik rachnet, jithe urukcha dumuzid raja haah, akshakansah sumerchya pramukh shaharantil purushanchya bhookhya jamavane tyachya samruddhitun padala hota, asey mhatale jaate, tethe pratham akshak disato. anshatah sahityik sumerian raja yadeet unzi, undalulu, urur, puzur-nirah, ishu-ill aanee shhu-siin yancha ullekh akshakanche raje mhanoon keela aahe. sahasrabdinantarchya sahityik rachana 'weider chronicle' madhye puzur-nirahcha ullekh keela aahe, jevha kishachi kug-bauu yaa mahila bhojanalay-rakhandarala sumervar adhipatyakhali niyukt karnyat aale hote, tevha tee akshakat rajya karat hotee.
vastavik puratatva strotankade valatana, urukcha raja, enshakushanna, haah nippurchya dagadi bhandyavar, "kishacha neta aanee akshakacha neta, (jevha) tyanchi donhi shahare uddhvast jhaali hotee, asey mhanat akshakanvar hallah karat asalyache nondavale aahe...". yanantar, akshak lagashashi yuddh karat hota aanee tyala anatumne pakadale, joou eka shilalekhat (4-5 vaa dagadavar) tyacha raja zuzu yala maralyacha dawa karato.
antasur shaharala lagash aanee jawalchya girsu yanchyatil anek sangharshanmadhye sthan midale. eblamadhye sapadalelya falkanmadhyehi akshakacha ullekh aahe. see. aii. madhye. ii. sha. puu. 2350 madhye, akshak ummachya lugaljagesichya haatee padala. jyaa varshi jarkaliszarine akshak aanee zaharaviruddha yuddh kele tyaa varshi, jyaa varshi sharkleeszarine akshak aanee zaharansamor elam aanee zaharaviruddha yuddh aanale, tyaa varshi, akshak yethe jhalelya ladhait sharkley-shaaree haah akadi raja elamitescha parabhav kelyache sangato... aanee vijayi jhaale. eka varshachya nave, eka anishchit akkadiyan samrajyachya shasakache naav, 'nipurmadhil akzak kalvyache vibhajan jhalele varsh' asey lihile jaate. sipper-amnanam yethe sapadalelya junya babylonian kalatil falkamadhye dekhil yaa shaharacha ullekh aahe. tyaa kalatil eka shasakache eka tukadyache varsh naav, itur-shamash, akshakacha ullekh karate, "varsh itur-zamzane mandir bandhale... akzakmadhye. idinilucha mulga itur-shamash haah kisura shaharacha shasak hota asey manale jaate.
junya babylonian kalanantarchya akshakanchya nondi naheet.
thikan.
tyache nemke sthan anishchit aahe. shastriy lekhakanni heey asey sthan shodhale aahe jithe tigris aanee euphrates nadya sarvat jawal aahet aanee prarambhik nondinmadhye kish aanee girsus tyacha ullekh aahe. 1900 chya dashakat puratatvashastradnyan tail omer (kinwa tail umar) chya thikani akshak thewale jethe vaghanvar pasarleli eka jodee thikane hotee, parantu american school auph oriental researchya leroy watermanne utkhanan kele tevha tee cellucia (bahudha purvichi upee/opis) asalyache nishpann jhaale. suruvatila asey manale jaat hote qee tethe akshakache naav asalele done shilalekh sapadale hote parantu tapasaninantar teey siddha jhaale nahee. michael see. estorne teey vaghavar thewale, jeey aata bagdadchya dakshin bahereel bhagat aahe. diyal kshetrachya sarvekshanat, tyaa thikanala vagaloon, cellutia kinwa ketesiphonechya bhagat konatehi prarambhik avashesh disun aale naheet. akshakanchi sambhavya thikane' mhanoon chinhankit kelelya sarvekshan kelelya thikananna mohammadala sangitale gele, 'rishad', 'tulul mujaili' aanee 'aboo jawan' yanna sangitale gele.