
johnn amos comenius

johnn amos comenius (;;;; lattinh "eonance amos comenius"; 28 march 1592-15 november 1670) haah eka moravian tatvadnya, shikshak aanee dharamshastradnya hota jyala aadhunik shikshanacha janak manale jaate. dharmik nirvasit honyapurvi tyanni bandhunchya aikyache shevatche bishop mhanoon kaam kele aanee sarvatrik shikshanachya suruvatichya vijetyanpaiki eka mhanoon, hii sankalpana akheris tyanchya 'dedactica magna' yaa pustakat mandanyat aalee. eka shikshak aanee dharamshastradnya mhanoon, tyanni shalanche netrutva kele aanee sataravya shatkachya madhyat protestant europemadhil sarkaranna sallah deela.
commeniusne latinaivaji sthanik bhashanmadhye lihileli sachitra pathyapustake, sopya sankalpananpasun adhik vyapak sankalpananparyant haloohaloo vikasavar aadharit shikshan, nistej smaranshaktivar tarkik vicharanvar laksh kendrit karoon aajivan shikshan, garib mulansathi samaan sandhee, mahilansathi shikshan aanee sarvatrik aanee vyavharik shikshan yasah anek shaikshanik sankalpana aanee navkalpananchi suruvat kelee. nisarg, dharm aanee dnyan yanchyatil sambandhavar tyancha motha vishvas hota, jyamadhye tyanni mhatale hote qee dnyan nisargatoon aanee nisarg devakadun janmala yete. tyachya mool moraviyavyatirikt, too pavitra roman samrajyachya itar pradeshanmadhye aanee sweeden, polish-lithuania rashtrakul, transylvania, ingland, netherlands aanee hangeri yaa itar deshanmadhye rahila aanee kaam kele.
jeevan aanee kaam.
johnn amos comeniuscha janm 1592 madhye bohemian mukutatil moraviachya margrevietmadhye jhaala. tyache janmasthan anishchit aahe aanee sambhavyatanmadhye uharski broad (nardenmadhil tyachya kabarivar), nivnis aanee komna (yaa gavatoon tyane tyache aadnav ghetale, jyacha arth 'komnacha eka manus' assa hoto) yancha samavesh aahe, jeey serve aajchya check prajasattakachya uharske hradiste jeelhyat sthit aahet. johnn haah martin komensky (mrutyu 1602-4) aanee tyachi patni annah chmelova yancha sarvat lahan mulga aanee ekulata eka mulga hota. tyache aajoba, jyanche naav zaan (janos) sages hote, teey hungarian vanshache hote. uharski broadmadhye rahnyasathi komna sodalyanantar tyane komensky heey aadnav vaparnyas suruvat kelee. martin aanee annah komensky heey moravian bandhunche hote, jeey purv-sudharana protestant sampraday hote aanee comenius nantar tyachya netyanpaiki eka banala. tyache aaee-vadil aanee tyachya chaar bahininpaiki done bahini 1604 madhye maran pavalya aanee tarun johnn tyachya mavshisobat strazenesmadhye rahayala gela.
tyachya garib paristhitimule too nantarchya aayushyaparyant tyache aupcharik shikshan suru karoo shakala nahee. too 16 varshancha asatana tyane pirov yetheel lattin shalet pravesh ghetala (nantar too shikshak mhanoon yaa shalet paratala 1614-1618). tyanni tyanche shikshan herborne akadami (1611-1613) aanee heidelberg vidyapithat (1613-1614) chaloo thewale. 1612 madhye tyane rosecrucian jahirnama 'fama fraternitatis' vachala. ayrish jesuit william baath tasech tyache shikshak johann piscator aanee visheshtah heinrich alsted yancha komeniyasavar khoop prabhav hota. pratyek siddhant vyavharik vaparat karyatmak asava, mhanoon too upadeshatmak asava (i.eae. naitikdrushtya bodhprad). abhyasadarmyan teey raticiuschya shaikshanik sudharananshi aanee jeena aanee gissen vidyapithanni jaaree kelelya yaa sudharananchya ahavalapasunahi parichit jhaale.
comenius haah prerov yetheel eka shalecha kulguru jhaala. 1616 madhye tyala moravian bandhunchya sevet niyukt karnyat aale aanee chaar varshannantar phulnek yethe, jeey tethil sarvat bharbharatichya charchpaiki eka aahe, too padari aanee rector banala. heey pashupalan heey tyache sampoorn aayushyatil sarvat tatkal chinteche kaam hote. dharmik yuddhanchya parinami, 1621 madhye tyane aapali serve malmatta aanee lekhan gamavale. 1627 madhye jevha habsbergchya prati-sudharananni bohemiyatil protestantancha chhal keela tevha tyane bhavanna haddapar kele. 1628 madhye tyane johann valentin andreashy patravyavahar keela.
tyanni 'janua lingwaram rezerata' kinwa 'daad gett auph language unlocked' heey pustak tayar kele, jyamule tyanna prasiddhi midali. tathapi, bandhunchi ekata hii pratisudharana chalvaliche eka mahattvache lakshya bunley, tyamule sampoorn europemadhye tyanchi prasiddhi vadhat asatana tyanna haddapar karave lagale. komeniyasne polandmadhil lesno yethe aashray ghetala, jithe tyane vyayamshaleche netrutva kele aanee pudhe, bohemian aanee moravian charchcha karyabhar denyat aala.
1638 madhye komeniyasne sweeden sarkarchya vinantila pratisad deela aanee tyaa deshatil shalanchya vyavasthapanasathi yojana tayar karnyasathi tethe pravas keela.
tyachya dharmik kartvyannantar, komeniyasachi dusari mothee aavad serve manvi dnyanachya sanghatanet bechnian prayatna pudhe nenyat hotee. sataravya shatkatil vishvakosh kinwa panophic chalvalitil netyanpaiki too eka banala aanee kharey tarr, yaa adhik prabhavi parantu kahee pramanat durdarshi prakalpansathi tyachya adhik vyavharik shaikshanik roochi aanee sandhincha tyag karnyacha tyacha cull hota. 1639 madhye, komeniyasne tyacha 'pansophy prodromous' prakashit keela aanee pudhchya varshi tyacha ingraji mitra hartlibne tyachya sammatishivay, komeniyasne namood kelyapramane pansophic karyachi yojana prakashit kelee. tyanni veloveli tayar kelelya pathyapustakanchya maliket panophic kalpana anshatah vyakt hotat. yamadhye, too manvi dnyanache sampoorn kshetra sanghatit karnyacha prayatna karato jenekarun teey pratyek mulachya aavakyat, rupareshet aanale jaeel. commeniusne ashee bhasha tayar karnyacha dekhil prayatna keela jyamadhye khotee vidhane avarnaniy hotee.
1641 madhye tyanni ingraji sansadechya vinantila pratisad deela aanee sarvajanik shikshan vyavasthet sudharana karnyachya aayogamadhye sameel jhaale. ingraji yadavi yuddhane nantarchya prakalpat hastakshep keela. cotton matherchya matey, commeniusla winthropne harvard vidyapithache adhyaksh honyas sangitale hote (heey tyachya vadilanpeksha adhik sambhavyapane lahan johnn winthrop hote kaaran junier winthrop englandmadhye hote) parantu 1642 madhye, commanius ranee christina (rajya 1632-1654) aanee kulpati axel auxenstierna (karyalay 1612-1654) yanchyasobat swedish shalanchi punarrachana karnyachya karyasathi kaam karnyasathi sweedenla gela. tyach varshi too polandmadhil elblagh (elbing) yethe gela aanee 1648 madhye samuel hartlibchya madatine englandla gela, joou moolatah elblagh yethoon aala hota. 1650 madhye, transylvania rajkumar george ii rakozichi vidhva zuzsanna laurentfee hiney tyala sarospatakala aamantrit kele. comenius 1654 paryant hungarian protestantchya pahilya mahavidhyalayat pradhyapak mhanoon tethe rahila; tyane tethe tyachi kahee sarvat mahattvachi kaame lihili.
comenius lesnola paratala. 1655 madheel mahapuradarmyan, tyane protestant swedish bajus aapala pathimba jaheer keela, jyasathi polish catholic pakshakaranni 1656 madhye tyache ghar, tyachi hastalikhite aanee shalechi chhapkhanam jaalali. 1657 madhye lesno yetheel tyachya gharala aag lavnyat aalyane 'pansophia' chey hastalikhit nasht jhaale. lesno yethoon tyane netherlandsmadhil emsterdammadhe aashray ghetala. too huis mett dii hoofden yethe rahat hota aanee tyane tyacha natoo johann theodor zablonsky tasech tarun palak pieter dii graphe aanee nicolas whitson yanna shikavale.
1659 madhye, komeniyasne 606 grunth aanee 406 dhoon asalelya 1618 bohemian bandhunche stotra, "concional, too jest niha zalmu aaa pisni duchovnich" chee naveen aavrutti tayar kelee. stotra aanee stotranmadhye sudharana karnyavyatirikt, tyachya punaravruttine stotranchi sankhya mothya pramanat vadhavali aanee eka naveen parichay jodala. hii aavrutti ekonisavya shatkat anek vela punha prakashit karnyat aalee. chekmadhil tyanche grunth ullekhaneey kavyatmak rachana hote, parantu tyanni itar strotanmadhil dhoonancha vapar keela. tyane german stotra 'kirchen-, haus-und heartzens-musica' (amsterdam, 1661) chey sampadan kele, jeey 1566 pasoon 'kirchenjesange' yaa shirshakakhali prakashit jhaale hote. itar likhananmadhye, commanius anek thikani vadya aanee gayan sangeet yaa donhi goshtinna sambodhit karato, jaree tyane yaa vishayasathi konatahi grunth samarpit keela nahee. kadhikadhi teey sangitachya madhyayugeen ganiteey sankalpaneche anusaran karatat, parantu itar thikani teey sangeetala vyakaran, vaktrutva aanee rajkaranashi jodatat. vadya aanee gayan yaa donhi prakarchya sangeet saravane tyachya shikshan paddhatimadhye mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali.
1670 madhye, too tithe, emsterdammadhe maran pavel. aspasht karananmule tyala nardenmadhye daphan karnyat aale, jithe abhyagatanna tyala samarpit asalelya cluesterstratemadhye asalelya makbaremadhye tyachi kabar disu shakate. samadhichya shejari comenius sangrahalay aahe.
shaikshanik prabhav.
atharavya shatkachya bahutansh bhagasathi aanee ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatichya bhagasathi, shaikshanik vichar aanee aacharanatil pragatishi tyachya sambandhanchi farshi manyata navhati. tathapi, ekonisavya shatkachya madhyapasoon shikshanatil commanion prabhavache mahatva olakhale jaat aahe. comeniuscha vyavharik shaikshanik prabhav tippat hota. 
teey aadhi keval tyanchya swatachya lokanmadhyech navhe tarr nantar sweedenmadhye aanee kahee pramanat hollandmadhye shikshakanche aanee shalanche aayojak hote. tyanchya 'dedactica magna' (mahan upadeshatmak) madhye, tyanni balwadi, prathamik shaala, madhyamik shaala, mahavidhyalay aanee vidyapith yaa vidyaman american pranalichya tantotant pratirup asalelya shalanchya pranalichi ruparesha mandali.
dusra prabhav shikshanacha samanya siddhant tayar karnyat hota. yaa sandarbhat, too ruso, pestalosy, frobel ityadincha agradoot aahe.aanee 'nisarganusar shikshan' hii kalpana tayar karnari tee pahili vyakti aahe, jee atharavya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatichya kalat parinami bunley. shikshanavar comeniuscha prabhav tyachya samkalin bekan aanee descartes yanchya vidnyan aanee tattvadnyanavaril prabhavashi tulana karata yeto. kharey tarr, yaa done mansanchya kamancha tyanchyavar motha prabhav hota. hii tulana mukhyatve yaa vastusthitimule aahe qee tyanni tyaa tattvadnyanni navyane tayar kelelya vichar aanee tapasachi tattve, shikshanachya sanghatanet tyachya serve pailunmadhye paddhatshir paddhatine lagoo kelee kinwa lagoo karnyacha prayatna keela. yaa prayatnacha saransh 1631 chya sumaras purn jhalelya 'dedactica magna' madhye deela gela aahe, jaree too anek varshannantar prakashit jhaala nahee.
prabhavacha tisra pailu vishay aanee shikshanachya paddhativar hota, joou purnapane naveen swarupachya pathyapustakanchya malikedware vaparla gela. yapaiki pahila prakashit jhalela grunth 'janua lingwaram rezerata' (bhashanche praveshdwar ughadalele) hota, joou 1631 madhye jaaree karnyat aala. tyanantar 'vestibulum', adhik pragat, 'atrium' aanee itar assa adhik prathamik majkoor prakashit jhaala. 1658 madhye prakashit jhalele 'aurbis pictus' heey pudhil shatkat sarvat prasiddha aanee mothya pramanat prasarit jhalelya shaley pustakanpaiki eka banale. tarunanna shikavanyachya kamat drushtikonancha haah pahila yashasvi vapar hota (jaree mulansathiche pahile sachitra pustak nahee, taree).
comeniuschya shaikshanik likhanat chalisahoon adhik shirshakancha samavesh aahe. heey serve grunth ekach moolbhut kalpananvar aadharit hoteh (1) sthanik bhashedvare paradeshi bhasha shikane; (2) shabdanaivaji vastundvare kalpana prapt karane; (3) mulala naveen bhasha aanee vastoonchya adhik durgam jagashi parichit karoon denyasathi sarvat parichit vastunpasoon suruvat karane; (4) mulala tyachya paryavaranache, sharirik aanee samajik, tasech dharmik, naitik aanee shastriy vishayanche sarvasamaveshak dnyan dene; (5) dnyanachya sankalanache heey sampadan heey kaam karnyaivaji anandadayi karane; aanee (6) serve purushansathi aanee serve drushtikonatun soochana sarvatrik karane.
dharamshastra.
johnn amos comenius heey check sudharak zaan huss yanchya shikavanukit mool asalelya bradaran charchchya aikyache bishop hote. jagachi bhoolbhulaiya aanee hrudayache swarg' heey tyachya sarvat prasiddha dharamshastriy granthanpaiki eka aahe. heey pustak vividh nirupayogi goshti aanee guntaguntichya bhoolbhulaiyyanni bharalele jug yabaddalache tyanche vichar darshavate. munn aanee aatmyachi kharee shantee keval tyachya hrudayatach aadhalu shakate jithe khrist taranharane vastavya kele pahije aanee rajya kele pahije. yaa shikavanichi punaravrutti tyachya shevatchya granthanpaiki eka 'unam aavashyak' madhye dekhil kelee gelee aahe, jyamadhye too jagatil vividh bhoolbhulaiya aanee samasya darshavito aanee vividh paristhitinvar sope upay pradan karato. yaa pustakat too asehi kabool karato qee tyaa kalatil bhavishyavanyanvar aanee prakatikarananvar vishvas thevanara tyacha majee haah tyacha vaiyaktik bhoolbhulaiya hota, jithe too anek vela haravala hota. bohemcha tyachyavar khoop prabhav hota.
commeniusne tyachya 'saransh bhautikshastra edd lumen divinum reformate' madhye, tyacha swatacha eka bhautik siddhant deela aahe, joou utpattichya pustakatoon ghetala gela aahe asey mhatale jaate. too tyachya bhavishyavanyansathi aanee durdarshi lokanna dilelya pathimbyabaddalhi prasiddha hota. tyachya 'lucks inn tenebris' madhye tyane khristofar cottress, mikulas drabic (latt. "nicolaus drabysius") aanee christina poniatovska. prakatikaran pustakacha arth lavnyacha prayatna kartana, tyane 1672 madhye sahasrabdiche vachan dile aanee pope aanee austriyachya gharanyacha naash karnaryanna chamatkarik madatichi hummy dilee, agadi bhavishyavani karnyacha prayatna keela qee oliver cromwell, gustavus adolphus aanee transylvania rajkumar george aay rakozi heey kaam kartil. tyane francechya lui chaudavyala dekhil patra lihile, jyat tyala kalavale gele qee jarr tyane devachya shatruncha padav keela tarr jagache samrajya tyache bakshis asave.
kutumb.
tyachya eka mulgi, elizabeth hiney, jablon naad orlisi yetheel pieter figulus hichyashi vivah keela. tyancha mulga, daniele ernst zablonsky (1660-1741), comeniuscha natoo, nantar 1693 madhye berlinla gela; tethe too prusiyacha raja fredrick pahila (rajya 1701-1713) yachya darbaratil sarvoch adhikrut dharmaguru banala. tethe tyachi olakh count nicolaus ludwig zinzendorfshee jhaali. zinzendorff haah navyane navyane tayar jhalelya moravian bandhunchya charchmadhye bishop (1737-1760) mhanoon comeniuschya agraganya uttaradhikarinpaiki eka hota.
varsa.
comenius padak haah unescocha shaikshanik sanshodhan aanee navonmesh kshetratil utkrusht kamgiricha sanman karnara puraskar komeniyasache smaran karato. pieter drucker yanni comeniusla pathyapustake aanee primercha shodhak mhanoon olakhale.
28 march 2010 roji gugalane dudaldware zaan amos komenskicha 418 vaa vadhadivas sajra keela.
check prajasattak.
19vya shatkatil check rashtriy punarujjivanachya kalat, check lokanni check deshache prateek mhanoon comeniusla aadarsh banavale. hii pratima aajahi kayam aahe.
check prajasattak 28 march haah comeniuscha vadhadivas shikshak deane mhanoon sajra karate. 2001 madhye pragmadhye, junier university auph amos komenskichi sthapana jhaali, jyat padvi, padvyuttar aanee padvidhar padvi abhyaskram upalabdh aahet. check prajasattakat aktoobar 2005 teey juuna 2007 yaa kalavadhit suru jhalelya aanee shikshakanchya bhasha shikshanachya uddeshane suru asalelya 'gett too language' yaa aajivan shikshanachya prakalpala, tyachya 'janua lingwaram rezerata' ('gett too language unlocked') yaa pustakache naav denyat aale. 200 check koruna nota varr komeniyasache chitra aahe.
1861 madhye lubos kohotekne shodhalelya komensky yaa laghugrahala tyachya sanmanarth naav denyat aale aahe.
europemadhil itaratra.
polandmadhil lesno yethe eka sthanik mahavidhyalayala tyachya navavarun naav denyat aale aahe. bandhunchya charchchya poost unitychya jawal tyachya navacha chauras dekhil aahe.
polandmadhye, comenius foundation hii eka ashasakeey sanstha aahe jee 10 varshankhalil mulanna samaan sandhee denyachya tartudisathi samarpit aahe.
hangerichya saraspatak yethe eka shikshak mahavidhyalayala tyanche naav denyat aale aahe, jeey misakolak vidyapithashi sambandhit aahe. bonn, graphing aanee degendorfs anek german shaharanmadhil prathamik shalanna komeniyasache naav denyat aale aahe. scopeje, uttar macedonia yethe chekoslovak sarkarne 1963 chya vinashkari bhookampanantar eka shaala bandhali aanee tyala komeniyasache (macedonianmadhil zaan amos komensky) naav dile. 1919 madhye, aata slovakiamadhye asalelya chekoslovakiatil bratislava yethe sansadechya kayadyanusar comenius vidyapithachi sthapana karnyat aalee. slovakmadhil abhyaskram asalele heey pahile vidyapith hote.
italian chitrapat digdarshak roberto rosselline comenius aanee visheshtah tyachya "thet drushti" yaa siddhantala tyachya upadeshatmak siddhantanchya vikasatil model mhanoon ghetale, jeey roselinila aasha hotee qee jug eka aadarshavadi bhavishyat aanel.
comenius haah european unioncha shaley bhagidari karyakram aahe. united kingadammadhe, shafield vidyapithachya western banq granthalayat check prajasattakabaheril comenius hastalikhitancha sarvat motha sangrah aahe.
germanytil evangelical charchchya santanchya dindarshiket 16 november roji tyache smaran kele jaate.
united states.
1892 madhye, anek thikani shikshakanni comeniuscha 300 vaa vardhapan deane sajra keela. commanius holl heey pensylvaniatil moravian mahavidhyalayachya parisarat mukhya varg aanee vidyashakha karyalay imarat mhanoon bandhale gele hote aanee tyanchya kamanchya abhyasasathi aanee prakashanasathi commanions societychi sthapana karnyat aalee hotee. uttar carolinatil salem mahavidhyalayatil shikshan vibhagamadhye tyanchya sanmanarth samarpit varshik 'comenius parisanvad' aahe; heey vishay sahasa shikshanatil aadhunik samasyanshi nigadit asatat. comenius foundation hii eka naa-napha denari 501 (see) (3) dharmaday sanstha aahe jee vishvas, shikshan aanee prem vadhavanyasathi chitrapat aanee mahitipat nirmiticha vapar karate.