samanya nikash

mahitee tantradnyan suraksha mulyankanasathiche samanya nikash (samanya nikash kinwa see. see. mhanoon sandarbhit) heey sanganak suraksha pramanpatrasathiche aantarrashtriy manak (aay. ess. oo./aay. eae. see. 15408) aahe. too sadhya aavrutti 3.1 punaravrutti 5 madhye aahe.
samanya nikash hii eka ashee chaukat aahe jyamadhye sanganak pranali vaparkarte suraksha lakshya (ess. eff. aar. ess. aanee ess. aii. aar. ess.) madhye tyanchya suraksha "karyatmak" aanee "aashvasan" aavashyakta (anukrame ess. eff. aar. ess. aanee ess. aii. aar. ess.) "nirdisht" karoo shakatat aanee sanrakshn profilemadhun (pii. pii. ess.) ghetalya jaau shakatat. tyanantar vikrete tyanchya utpadananchya suraksha vaishishtyambaddal "amalbajavani" karoo shakatat kinwa dave karoo shakatat aanee chachani prayogshala utpadane pratyakshat dave purn karatat qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi utpadananche "moolyankan" karoo shakatat. shakate shabdant, samanya nikash heey aashvasan detat qee sanganak suraksha utpadanache tapasheel, amalbajavani aanee mulyankanachi prakriya vaparasathichya lakshyit vatavaranashi susangat asalelya staravar kathor aanee pramanit aanee punaravrutti karnyayogya paddhatine aayojit kelee gelee aahe. samanya nikash pramanit utpadananchi yadee rakhatat, jyat karyapranali, pravesh niyantran pranali, databases aanee pramukh vyavasthapan pranali yancha samavesh aahe.
mukhya sankalpana.
sanganak suraksha utpadane aanee pranalinvar samanya nikash moolyankan kele jaate.
moolyankan prakriya gunavatta hummy prakriyedvare utpadanachya suraksha vaishishtyanmadhye thevalelya aatmavishvasachi patali sthapit karnyacha dekhil prayatna karateh
aataparyant, bahutek pii. pii. ess. aanee sarvat jaast moolyankan keleli ess. tii. ess./pramanit utpadane heey ghatak (udaa.jee.firewall, operating systeams, smart cards).
tyachya kharedisathi kahivela samanya nikash pramanpatra nirdisht kele jaate. samavisht asaleli itar manke, udaa.jee.paraspar sahkarya, pranali vyavasthapan, vaparkarta prashikshan, purak see. see. aanee itar utpadan manke. udaharananmadhye aay. ess. oo./aay. eae. see. 27002 aanee german aay. tii. baseline sanrakshn yancha samavesh aahe.
payachya aat cryptographic amalbajavaniche tapasheel see. see. chya vyaptibaher aahet. tyaeivaji, fips 140-2 sarkhya rashtriy mankanmadhye cryptographic moduleschee vaishishtye dilee jaatat aanee vividh mankanmadhye cryptographic algoridamcha vapar keela jaato.
agadi alikade, pii. pii. lekhak see. see. mulyankanansathi cryptographic aavashyakta samavisht karat aahet jyaa samanyatah eff. aay. dii. 1 mulyankanandware samavisht kelya jaatil, yojana-vishisht vyakhyandvare see. see. chya maryada vistrut kartil.
kahee rashtriy moolyankan yojana el-aadharit moolyamapan tappyatappyane kadhoon takat aahet aanee keval manyataprapt pii. pii. shhee katekorpane susangat asalyacha dawa karnari utpadane mulyankanasathi swikartat. sadhya america keval pii. pii.-aadharit mulyankananna parvanagi dete.
itihas.
see. see. chaa ugam teen mankanmadhun jhalah
pramukhyane sarkari bajarpethet (pramukhyane sanrakshn kinwa guptachar vaparasathi) sanganak utpadane utpadane companyanna keval manakanchya eka sanchanusar tyanche moolyankan karave lagel, yasathi yaa aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya manakanche ektrikaran karoon see. see. tayar kele gele. see. see. canada, france, germany, netherlands, britton aanee yuu. ess. chya sarkaranni vikasit kele hote.ess.
chachani sanstha.
serve chachani prayogshalanni aay. ess. oo./aay. eae. see. 17025 chey palan karane aavashyak aahe aanee pramanan sansthanna samanyatah aay. ess. oo./aay. eae. see. 17065 chya virodhat manyata dilee jaeel.
aay. ess. oo./aay. eae. see. 17025 chey palan samanyatah rashtriy manyata pradhikaranasamor darshavile jaateh
yaa sansthanchi vaishishtye tapasanyat aalee aanee aay. see. see. see. 10 madhye sadar karnyat aalee.
paraspar olakh vyavastha.
samaan nikash mankambarobarach, eka up-karar patalivaril samanya nikash emm. aar. aii. (paraspar manyata vyavastha) dekhil aahe, jyamadhye pratyek paksh itar pakshanni kelelya samanya nikash mankanviruddha moolyamapan olakhato. 1998 saalee canada, france, germany, united kingdam aanee americene swakshari kelee, austreliya aanee newzealand 1999 saalee sameel jhaale, tyanantar finland, greece, israyal, itali, netherlands, norwey aanee spain 2000 saalee sameel jhaale. tyanantar yaa vyavasthela samanya nikash manyata vyavastha (see. see. aar. aii.) asey naav denyat aale aanee sadasyatvacha vistar suruch aahe. see. see. aar. aii. madhye fakt eae. ell. 2 paryantche moolyankan paraspar manyataprapt aahe (dosh nivaranasah vadhisah). sogis-mra madheel european desh samanyatah uchch eals dekhil olakhatat. eae. aii. ell. 5 aanee tyahoon adhikchya mulyankananmadhye yazman deshachya sarkarchya suraksha aavashyaktancha samavesh asato.
september 2012 madhye, see. see. aar. aii. chya bahusankhya sadasyanni eka drushti nivedan tayar kele jyamadhye see. see. moolyankan kelelya utpadananchi paraspar olakh eae. ell. 2 paryant qamee kelee jaeel (dosh nivaranasah vadhisah). pudhe, hii drushti aashvasan patalipasoon purnapane door jaanyache soochit karate aanee moolyamapan heey aashvasan patali nasalelya sanrakshn profilechya anurupatepurate maryadit asel. jagbharatil pii. pii. ess. vikasit nirmiti tantrik karyakari gatanchya madhyamatoon heey sadhya kele jaeel aanee adyap sankraman kalavadhi purnapane nishchit jhalela nahee.
2 julai 2014 roji, 2012 chya drushti vivaranat namood kelelya uddishtannusar naveen see. see. aar. aii. laa manyata denyat aalee. vyavasthetil pramukh badalanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
prashna.
garja.
samanya nikash atishay samanya aahet; teey thet vishisht (varganchya) utpadanansathi utpadan suraksha aavashyakta kinwa vaishishtyanchi yadee pradan karat naheeh heey aay. tii. ess. eae. see. neey ghetalelya drushtikonache anusaran karate, parantu tii. see. ess. eae. see. aanee fips <aay. dii. 1> sarkhya itar purvichya manakanchya adhik vihit drushtikonasathi vaparlya vaparlya lokansathi vadavivadacha srot rahile aahe.
pramanpatrache moolya.
samanya nikash pramanpatra surakshechi hummy deu shakat nahee, parantu moolyankan kelelya utpadanachya suraksha vaishishtyanvishayiche dave swatantrapane satyapit kele gele aahet yachee khatri karoo shakate. shakate shabdant, samaan nikash mankanviruddha moolyamapan keleli utpadane, tapasheel, amalbajavani aanee mulyankanachi prakriya kathor aanee pramanit paddhatine paar padali gelee aahe, yaa puravyanchi eka spasht sakhali pradarshit karatat.
windows server 2003 aanee windows ex. pii. saha microsoftchya vindojchya vividh aavrutya pramanit kelya gelya aahet, parantu suraksha asurakshitata door karnyasathi suraksha patch ajunahi microsoftdware yaa windows pranalinsathi prakashit kele jaat aahet. heey shakya aahe kaaran samaan nikash pramanpatra midvinyachya prakriyemule vikretyala vishleshan kahee suraksha vaishishtyanparyant maryadit thevanyas aanee karyasheel vatavaran aanee tyaa vatavaranat utpadanala utpadanala dhokyanchya samarthyabaddal kahee gruhitke thevanyas anumati milate. yavyatirikt, moolyankan kelelya utpadananchi khatri patali kinwa pii. pii. dware nirdisht kelelya tapashilaparyant tapasani kelee jaeel, asha kifayatshir aanee upayukt suraksha pramanpatre pradan karnyasathi mulyankanachi vyapti maryadit karanyachi garaj see. see. olakhate. tyamule mulyamapanache upkram keval vishisht sakholateparyant, velecha aanee sansadhanancha vapar karoon kele jaatat aanee ichchit vatavaranasathi vajvi hummy detat.
microsoftchya babatit, gruhitkanmadhye aaa samavisht aahe.samvayaskah 
"payacha paya jyaa itar pranalinshi sanvad sadhato tyaa tyach vyavasthapan niyantranakhali asalyache gruheet dharale jaate aanee tyach suraksha dhoranachya nirbandhankhali kaam karatat. sampoorn jaale ekach nirbandhakhali karyarat asel aanee ekach vyavasthapan kshetrat asel tarach jaale kinwa vitarit vatavaranasathi payacha paya lagoo hoto. bahya pranalinvar kinwa asha pranalinshi sampark sadhanyachya duvyanvar vishvas thevanyachi garaj lakshat lakshat konatyahi suraksha aavashyakta naheet."
hii dharana niyantrit pravesh sanrakshn profilemadhye (cap) samavisht aahe jyache tyanchi utpadane palan karatat. yaa aanee itar gruhitkanchya aadhare, jeey samanya-uddesh karyapranalichya samanya vaparasathi vastavadi nastil, vindo utpadananchya dawa kelelya suraksha karyanche moolyankan kele jaate. tyamule teey keval gruheet, nirdisht paristhititach surakshit manale pahijet, jyanna "moolyankan kelele swaroop" asehi mhanatat.
tumhi microsoft vindo achook moolyamapan kelelya sanrachanet chalavata kinwa nahee, tumhi microsoftche suraksha patch vindomadhil asurakshitatesathi lagoo kele pahijet kaaran teey disu lagatat. jarr yapaiki konatihi suraksha asurakshitata utpadanachya moolyankan kelelya sanrachanet shoshan karnyayogya asel tarr utpadanache samanya nikash pramanpatra vikretyane swechhene mage ghetale pahije. vaikalpikaritya, vikretyane mulyankit sanrachanet suraksha asurakshitata door karnyasathi patchescha vapar samavisht karnyasathi utpadanache punarmulyankan kele pahije. vikretyane yapaiki konatihi pavale uchalanyat ayashasvi jhalyas jyaa deshat utpadanache moolyankan kele gele tyaa deshachya pramanpatra sansthedvare utpadanache pramanpatra anaichhikpane mage ghetale jaeel.
pramanit microsoft windows aavrutya tyanchya moolyankan kelelya sanrachanet konatyahi microsoft suraksha asurakshitata patchescha vapar naan karata karata + varr rahatat. heey moolyankan kelelya sanrachanechi maryada aanee samarthya donhi darshavate.
teeka.
august 2007 madhye, "government computing news" (jee. see. aine.) chya stambhalekhak william jackson yanni samanya nikash paddhati aanee samanya nikash moolyankan aanee pramanikaran yojnedware (see. see. eae. vhee. ess.) tyachya yuu. ess. amalbajavaniche gambhir parikshan kele. stambhat suraksha udhyogatil adhikari, sanshodhak aanee rashtriy mahitee hummy bhagidarichya (aine. aay. aii. pii.) pratinidhinchya mulakhati ghenyat aalya. lekhat namood kelelya aakshepanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
2006 chya eka sanshodhan prabandhat, sanganak tadnya david aii. veelarne suchavale qee samanya nikash prakriya mukt aanee mukt-srot software (eff. oo. ess.)-kendrit sanstha aanee vikas modelshee bhedbhav karate. samanya nikash hummy aavashyakta paramparik dhabdhaba software vikas paddhatipasun prerit asatat. yaulat, aadhunik chapal pratimancha vapar karoon barech phos software tayar kele jaate. jaree kahinni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee donhi pratiman changle sanrekhit hott naheet, tarr itaranni donhi pratimananmadhye samet karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. rajkiy shastradnya zaan kalberg yanni utpadananchya pramanit jhalyanantar pratyaksh utpadanavar niyantran nasane, anupalanavar laksh laksh kayamswarupi karmchari asalelya sanghatanatmak sansthecha abhav aanee teey-suraksha pramanpatre yaa samanya nikashanvaril vishvas bhoo-rajkiy simanpalikade kayam thewala jaeel yaa kalpanevar chinta vyakt kelee.
2017 madhye, samanya nikash pramanit smart card utpadananchya yadeet roka asurakshitata aadhalali. bhedyatemule samanya nikash pramanpatra yojnetil anek truti adhorekhit jhalyah
paryayi marg.
see. see. chya sampoorn ayushyabhar, too nirmiti nirmiti rashtranni dekhil sarvatrikpane swikarla nahee, visheshtah, cryptographic manjuri swatantrapane hatalalya jaat aahet, jase qee canadian/usdware fips-140 chee amalbajavani aanee see. eae. ess. jee. sahayyit utpadane yojana (caps) yukemadhye.
paraspar manyateche kalman, kharch aanee kharch heey bajarachya kamkajat adthala aanat asalyache aadhalun aale asatana brittonne anek paryayi yojana tayar kelya aaheth
2011 chya suruvatila, aine. ess. aii./see. ess. ess. neey criss saltercha eka pepper prakashit keela, jyat mulyankanasathi sanrakshn profile oriented drushtikon prastavit keela hota. yaa drushtikonat, swarasya asalele samuday tantradnyanachya prakarambhovati tayar hotat jeey tyaa badalyat sanrakshn profile vikasit karatat jeey tantradnyanachya prakarasathi moolyankan karyapaddhati paribhashit karatat. adhik majboot moolyankan haah uddesh aahe. yamule parasparanchya manyatevar nakaratmak parinam houu shakato ashee kahee chinta aahe.
2012 chya septembermadhye, samanya nikashanni mageel varshatil criss salterchya vicharanchi mothya pramanat amalbajavani karnare drushti nivedan prakashit kele. drushtichya pramukh ghatakanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotah

