
ghaigadbadit

gardicha utsav haah eka juna ingraji charchcha utsav aahe jyamadhye gardi gola kelee jaate aanee parrish charchchya jaminivar vikhuranyasathi vahoon nellie jaate. hii parampara tyaa kalapasoon suru hote jevha bahutek imaratinmadhye matiche majale hote aanee swachchata aanee insulationsathi nutanikaranyogya majlyavaril aachchadanacha eka prakar mhanoon dhavancha vapar keela jaat asey.
haah utsav madhyayugapasun brittenmadhye vyapak hota aanee shakespearechya kalaparyant too changlya prakare sthapit jhaala hota, parantu 19 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant too qamee jhaala hota, kaaran charchchya majlyala dagadanni zenda dakhavala jaat hota. 19 vya shatkat nantar yaa pratheche punarujjivan karnyat aale aanee englandchya uttarekadil anek shahare aanee gavanmadhye varshik karyakram mhanoon aaj tee jiwant thewali jaate.
prarambhik itihas.
ii. sha. 601 madhye pope gregory pahila yane mellitus (anglo-saxonche tyanchya mool murtipujak dharmatoon khrishchan dharmat rupantar karnyasathi englandla pathavalelya gregorian missionchya sadasya) yanna eka patra lihile jyat asey lihile hoteh
mhanoon, jevha sarvashaktiman dev tumhala sarvat aadaraniy mansankade gheuun yeil, tevha aamche bhau bishop, seent augustein, ingrajichya prakarnavar paripakv vicharvinimay kelyavar, mea kaay vichar keela aahe teey tyala sanga; mhanje, tyaa deshatil murtinchi mandire nasht kelee jaau nayet. pavitra paanee tayar karoon tyaa mandiranmadhye shimpadale jaave; vedya ubharalya javyat aanee tyamadhye avashesh jamaa kele javet. kaaran tee mandire bandhali jaat asalyane, tyanche dharmantar bhutepujetun khyan devachya sevet karane aavashyak aahe; jenekarun rashtra, tyaa mandirancha naash naan pahatana, tyanchya antahkaranatil truti door karoo shakel aanee khyan dewala jaanun gheil aanee tyachi upasana karel, jenekarun teey jyaa thikananna savayi aahet tyach thikanancha adhik parichitpane avalamb karoo shakel. aanee teey bhutanchya sanmanarth anek bailanna balee deu shakat naslyamule, tyanni dharmik aanee gambhir sann sajra karoo dya, bhutansathi pranyanchi kattal karoo nakaa, tarr devachya stutisathi swatah bhasm vhave...
pratyek charchala tyachya pratishthapanvelela snrakshak santache naav dile jaat asey aanee ektar tyachya pratishthapan divasacha kinwa santachya mejavanicha divas haah charchcha sann banala. charchchya seva shaniwari suryastachya velee suru jhalya aanee prathanechya ratrila jagaran, purvasandhyela kinwa, usheera vel asalyamule, jaage hone asey mhatale jaat asey-junya ingraji "waycan" pasoon. pratyek gavat ardh-dharmik utsavansah jaag aalee hotee, tyanantar charchchya seva, nantar khel, khel, nrutya aanee madyapan hote.
madhyayugat bahutek church aanee gharanchya majalyavar ghatt maatee hotee aanee insulationsathi god vaas, nutanikaranaksham aavaran pradan karnyasathi gardi (samanyatah 'god zenda' acorus calmus) kinwa itar aushadhi vanaspati aanee gavat tyanchyavar vikhurlele hote. edward II (1307-1327) chya gharguti rolmadhye johnn dii carlfordla "rajachya kholila chalvanyasathi dhavancha puravatha" karnyasathi paise darshavile aahet. seent merrie-ett-hiill, londonchya churchwardschya khatyanmadhye, dhavpalisathi 3deachy deyake 1493 aanee 1504 madhye darshavili gelee aahet aanee lancashirechya kirkham yetheel charchchya parrish rajistarmadhye, dhavpalisathiche vitaran 1604 aanee 1631 madhye 9s 6d madhye aadhalate, parantu 1634 nantar nahee jevha charchchya majlyala dhvajankit karnyat aale hote. saddleworth (tevha yorkshiremadhye) yetheel charchcha majala 1826 paryant gardine jhakalela hota.
charchani gardi karnanyansathi dindarshiket eka vishisht divas deela aanee 16 vya shatkaparyant charchchya ghanta vajavanyachi aanee gardi karnanyansathi daroo, ell aanee keek puravanyachi pratha hotee. kahee sann heey anukaranatmak aanee pratinidhik ghatkansah adhik vistrut hote. 1596 pasoon yorkshiremadhil cathornchya eka vruttat asey mhatale aahe qee lock "shastrane aanee veshane swatahla lapavat asat, tyapaiki kahee mahilanche chapate paridhan karat asat, itar kahee lamb cases aanee visard ghalayache aanee itar tyanna soldierchya furniturene shastrasajj karayache aanee asha prakare sashastr aanee veshbhushene tithe asalyamule tyaa divashi charchmadhun baher padale aanee tyamule shahar varr aanee khalee gele.
yaa utsavat anekada paddler, cutpers aanee pickpockets yasarkhya apriy patranna aakarshit kele gele aanee anyatha shant samudayanmadhye atee madyapan karnyache eka nimitt banale, jenekarun samudayache stambh dekhil kadhikadhi swatahla apmanit karatilah
ravivar aanee holidieschya divashi rufford aanee marsden yetheel mantri, tristram tilddisley yanni vivahsohalyanmadhye, drikings aanee rishberingmadhye, aanee tyanchya nrutyamadhye aanee vononelinantar aanee dveshpurnapane, saumya aanee tarun asha donhi prakarchya purush aanee striyanchya sahvasat nrutya kele aahe...jithe gotakhor lock naraj jhaale aanee itake dukkhi jhaale qee tethe shastre kadhali gelee aanee motha matbhed nirman jhaala.
yaa karyakramala upasthit asalelya anadar aanee asahkaramule kadachit, puritan dandadhikari aanee mantryanni ravivari gardi karnyas virodh keela. parinami, jevha james pahila yane 1617 madhye khelanchi ghoshana jaaree kelee, jyat ravivar aanee pavitra divashi parvanagi asalelya karamanukichya prakaranchi yadee hotee, tevha tirandaji, whitson eles, mauris nrutya aanee mepolchi sthapana yasarkhya itar upkramansah gardichi yadee karnyat aalee hotee. kharey tarr, 1617 madhye jevha james mea surr richard hogton yanna lancashiremadhye bhetalo, tevha pahile manoranjan mhanje gardiche manoranjan hote.
18 vya shatkat haah sohala sahasa varshik mejavanicha kinwa jagruticha bhag banato, joou santachya mejavanichya divasachya sarvat jawalchya ravivari aayojit keela jaato, jyala church samarpit hote. sangeet aanee morris nrutyasah miravnukit charchmadhye gardi aananyat aalee. kahee bhagat vaiyaktik bundlesmadhye aanee itaranmadhye gardichya gaditoon gardi kelee jaat asey. jithe gardichya gadicha vapar keela jaat asey, tithe tee mukhya kendrabindu bunley aanee teela maalaa aanee phule, tinsell aanee 'shejarchya serve chandichya thalee' neey sajavale jaat asey. miravanuk parrish charchmadhye pohochali tevha gardi jaminivar vikhuraleli hotee aanee charchala sajavanyasathi maalaa vaparlya jaat hotya. kitee kalapasoon gardichya gadya heey utsavanche vaishishtya rahile aahe heey maheet nahee, parantu sanmananiy vyaktikadoon eka vrutt aahe. etch. 1726 salchya egertonvarun asey soochit hote qee tyane prestvichmadhye vaparlele eka dirghkal tikale hote.
19vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant deshachya anek bhaganmadhye hii parampara sampushtat aalee hotee, parantu tee vikasit jhaali aanee lankashayarchya audhyogik bhaganmadhye tikoon rahili.
pradeshik itihas.
daad.
chappel-aine-leey-freeth.
"daad histree auph daad county auph derby" (1829) chappel-aine-leey-freeth yetheel gardiche varnan deteh 
heey sahasa augustchya uttaradhat, charchchya karyakartyanchya sarvajanik soochanenusar, parishchya kahee daldalichya bhagat, jethe tarun lock ekatra yetat, gardichi kapani aanee yogyaritya valavale jaateh gadyanmadhye gardi aanee phule aanee rebunds asatat; aanee gardichya gadichya bajula, tethe jaatana, jithe pratyekjan gardi vahoon nenyat aanee pasaravanyat hatbhar lavto, tethe gardichya gadichya bajula anek huzaing aanee cracking whips, lock charchmadhye upasthit rahatat. whitewellmadhe, gardiaivaji, church bund navachya gavatal jaminichya tukadyache gavat darvarshi unhalyachya madhyas, gadine nele jaate aanee charchmadhye pasaravale jaate.
glossop.
aamchya sutanyachya aadhi aamhi gavatil charchala bhet dilee...yethe aamhi kulgurunchya praveshdvarajaval tanglelya kahee malya pahilya. jawaljawal pratyekamadhye haravalyanantar, tyaa ekaeivaji ekatma svabhavachya pratheche smrutichinh hote, jeey derachya yaa bhagavar tikoon aahe. yala gardiche utsav mhatale jaate aanee yaa khyan grameen utsavache samarambh darvarshi, jagruti kinwa grameen utsavasathi niyukt kelelya divasanpaiki eka divashi hotat. yaa prasangi qaar kinwa wagon dhavpaline sajavali jaate. fulanchya fulanni alankrut aanee maline aachchhadit, gardicha eka pyramid karchya madhyabhagi vyapato, joou samanyatah glossup delchya kurananni tayar karoo shakananya nivadak fulanni sajavala jaato aanee zende aanee pravahanni muktapane susajj asato. asha prakare tayar kelele, teey gavachya vividh bhaganmadhun, nartakanche gut aanee sangitacha eka gut yanchya aadhi rekhatale jaate. yaa sanachya divashi tyaa thikanchya serve pagadya magavalya jaat asalyache mhatale jaau shakate aanee joou lesesmadhye sarvat aavadata asato too samanyatah ghodadalachya sarvat samalingi vyakti asato. gavachi pradakshina kelyanantar, gaadee charchchya praveshdvaravar thambate, jithe tee tyachya sanmanane nasht kelee jaate. tyanantar gardi aanee phule charchmadhye nellie jaatat aanee talgharat aanee farshivar fekali jaatat aanee divasachya smaranarth kulgurunchya praveshdvarajaval haar tanglya jaatat. samarambh sampalyavar, miravanuk kadhanare vividh paksh sangeet aanee nrutyadarmyan gavatil dharamshalet nivrutt hotat, jithe teey urvarit divas anandadayi utsavat ghalavatat.
kambriya.
kambriyamadhye, revchya ichchhenusar haah sohala warcop aanee maskrevhmadhye punarujjivit karnyat aala. auxford yetheel queens collegecha pradhyaksh aanee gavatil rahivasi septimus collinson, sumare tees varshe namshesh jhalyanantar, parantu gret langdale yethe tyache punarujjivan karnyacha prayatna ayashasvi tharala. 
grassmear.
grassmearemadhye gardine eka vegale swaroop dharan kele. clarkchya 'sarovarache sarvekshan' (1770) madhye vahak mahila aanee mulee asalyache mhatale gele hote, parantu 1887 paryant, jevha pranayramya kavee william wordsworth sameel jhaala, tevha gardichya khambanche varnan 'gardine aanee fulanni sushobhit unch khamb' asey kele gele, jeey vayachya pandhra varshanparyant mule aanee mulee gheuun jaat asat. 
<kavita>
"grameen samarambh"
dirghkalapasun jeey pavitra pustak bharalele aahe teey bund qaraa
aamche dhyan, aamhala eka divas dya
varshik aanandachi eka upanadi hotee;
aaj, jevha grameen sangitachya netrutvakhali,
gavatil mule, tarr aakash laal aahe
sandhyakalchya divyansah, lamb ranget pudhe jaa
sthir charchchya anganat, pratyekane samalingi lokanna haar ghaloon,
qee, rajdandasarkhe, kinwa dokyavar
abhimani vahak. charchchya rund darvajyaparyant,
tyanchya vadilanni vahoon ghetalelya yaa arpanancha tyanchyavar aarop 
popchya kalatil sajavatisathi,
nirdosh miravanuk haluvarpane pudhe sarakateh--
swargachya shuddha havamanat stuticha aatma prasann hoto,
aanee hookarcha aavaj haah chamatkar manya karato! 
</kavita>
tribhuj.
17 vya shatkapurvi amblesidechya sarvat jawalche church bonnes-aun-windermear yetheel seent martin church hote.
seent merrie church 1850 chya dashakat bandhale gele.
. . . "1898 madhye cannon etch darmyanchya mulakhatitun khaleel ark ghetale aahet. dii. kesvikjavalil crostwaite wicker, ronsley aanee miss etch. tevha vayachya panchasivya varshi nicholsonh
. . . "majhya tarunpanat aamhi shaniwari jawalchya streetwar gavchya crossver bhetalo.annecha divas sandhyakali sahaa vajata. mhatara tommy hautan, clogger aala; too eka atishay hushar jigger hota, ithala sarvottam nartak hota. . .too eka prakarcha karakoon aanee gavcha hawaldar hota, jyane aamhala marshal kele. . .jyanni nivad kelee teey serve aale-tarun aanee vruddha; aanee jeey vahoon gheuun gele teey serve 
"oze" (maalaa-varr-khoon) yanna jirechya bhakaricha eka changla motha keek midala, joou mhatanya miki daad bekarne banavala hota. . .miravanuk pahanyasathi lock anek mail yet asat aanee wordsworth kadhihi chukat nasey; too aanee rydelcha gut miravanuk suru hotana pahanyasathi aamchya chhotya kholeet basayache. . .aamhi serve bhetalo-shambhar kinwa tyahoon adhik-aanee mug eka mhatara manus tyachya well kinwa tyachya paipavar vajavat hota aanee aamhi sarvajan gavat firalo; rastyavar aanee rastyavar, tyach junya surat. tyaa divasant aamhala fakt ekach dhun maheet hotee-'shikar sampali aahe'. nantarchya divasant aamhi shuddha jhaale aanee nantar aamchi eka band hotee - 
steamers band (windermear steamerskadoon) aanee gingerbreadsathi gola kelelya majhya aaeela bandsathi eka atirikt sarvbhoum gola karava lagla.
heey ingraji kavee laticia elizabeth landon (ell.eae.ell. ):
<kavita>
. . .hiravi gardi, hiravi gardi, aamhi teey sahan karato,
vijay aanee gitasah aamchya gavatil charchala,
aamhi thund kulgurula tithe fekato aanee tyavar gudghe tekavato,
tarr prathanet aaplya aavajasah tyacha taja gandh ugavato.
junya manonyatil soloon tyachi stutee qaraa,
aapan jangalatil hiravya zyanmadhun yenanya hirvyagar gardicha shodh gheuya.
</kavita>
bristol.
seent merrie redcliffechya adhikrut sanketsthalavarun haah eka ark aaheh 
redcliffe streetche william canninge-vyapari, bristolche paach vela mahapour, tyache sansad sadasya aanee seent merrie redcliffeche pramukh labharthi-1467 madhye tyachya patnichya mrutyunantar pujari mhanoon niyukt jhaale aanee pudhchya varshi whitsandela charchmadhye pahilyanda samoohik utsav sajra keela gela. . .heey lakshat thevanyasathi, vilyam spensor, jeey kadhikadhi bristolche mahapourhi hote, tyanni 1493 madhye vhitasanantarchya divashi mahapouransamor teen dharmopadesh aanee samaikatechi tartud kelee; sudharanechya velee whitsondeveril eka dharmopadeshat badal karnyat aala. . .upasthit asalelyanni nockgage kele aanee charchcha majala gardine, parampara jeey tevhapasoon darvarshi aayojit kelelya sevet aajahi rakhale jaatat aanee laurd mahapour, elderman aanee shaharatil nagarsevak tyanchya paramparik poshakhat aanee rajchinhat upasthit hote.
dhavpatti.
rushcart hii vayavya englandmadhye ugam pavaleli gardichi parampara aahe, jyamadhye sushobhit gadyanmadhye gardi bharali jaat asey aanee mauris nartak aanee itar karamanukisah sthanik charchmadhye nenyat yet asey.
anek thikani sarvottam sajavalelya gardichya gadya puravanyasathi shahare aanee gave yanchyat khoop spardha hotee aanee 19 vya shatkachya suruvatila asey mhatale jaat hote qee, lancashireche shahar rochdale kiman aath aanee kadhikadhi aajubajuchya gavanmadhun dazanbhar gardichya gadya ekatra karoo shakate.
alikadachya varshant kahee junya dhavpattichya paramparanche punarujjivan jhaale aaheh 
aaj ghaighaine.
vayavya englandmadhil anek shahare aanee gavanmadhye gardiche samarambh tikoon rahile aahet kinwa punarujjivit kele gele aahet, jyatah cheshayarmadhil limm aanee vann prathanagruh, gorton, littlebero aanee grater manchestermadhil saddleworth, lancashiremadhil pendalbadhil nyu church, yorkshiremadhil sowerby brij aanee kambriyamadhil embleside, gret muscrave, grassmere, ursavik aanee warcope yancha samavesh aahe.
ishanya velsmadhil dii nadichya paschim bajula holt aanee icycode sarkhya kahee parishmadhyehi gardichi sthitee aadhalate.
500 varshanhun adhik junya parampareche samarthan karnara gardicha ravivar haah bristolchya nagri dindarshiketil thalak vaishishtyanpaiki eka aahe.
vaparlelya gardiche prakar.
gardi karnyasathi samanya club-rush hii pasantichi gardi hotee. 
club-rush haah 'samanya gardi' peksha adhik kadak asato aanee tyamule tyat insulation changle gunadharm asatat. heey paanee sadanyas adhik pratirodhak dekhil aahe.
samanya nave.
gardisathi sarvat jaast vaparlya jaanarya gardiche prakarah
dhavpaliche kutumb-jankasi
vansh-"juncus"
prajati-"juncus effusus"-panyane bharalelya jaminila pradhanya detat.
prajati-"juncus samooh"
sej kutumb-cyperacy
vansh-"scoenoplects"
prajati-"scoenoplects lacustries"-uthal panyat vadhanyas pradhanya detat.
adhivas.
talavachya jilhyatil moors aanee fails, uttar penin, dakshin penin aanee shikhar jilhyansarkhya olya aanee panyane bharalelya jaminila sej aanee russie pradhanya detat.
samanya club-rush ("scoenoplects lacustries") talav, talav aanee haloohaloo vahana pravahanchya aanee nadyanchya kathanvar aadhalanaya uthal panyat vadhanyas pradhanya dete.
samanya gardi ("juncus effusus") paanee sachalelya jamineet vadhanyas pradhanya dete. heey curl aanee lapwing sarkhya jaminivar gharate bandhana pakshyanna nivassthan pradan karate. aar. ess. pii. bii. uttar peninmadhil shetkyanna sallah dete qee curl aanee lapwingsathi ishtatam adhivas gavat (70 takke) aanee gardi (30 takke) yanche mishran aahe. gardimule shikari pranyanpasun kahee pramanat sanrakshn milate, matra atee gardi hii eka samasya asoo shakate.
samanyatah sthanik bhagatoon, anekada mulandware samudraspati gola kelya jaat asat, parantu kadhikadhi shejarchya bhagatoon aayat karane aavashyak hote. jarr samudrakinare sahaj upalabdh nastil, udaharanarth kumbrian kinanyavar, tarr tyaeivaji valuchya tekdyanmadhun marram gavat yasarkhe paryay vaparale gele.
gardisathi bolibhasha nave.
madhyayugeen kalat sej aanee rush heey 'seave' mhanoon olakhale jaat hote.
samudra' pasoon naav dilelya jalvahinyanchi udaharaneh
samudra' pasoon naav dilele bog aanee moorlandchi udaharaneh
seaves' varoon nave dilelya vasahatinchi udaharaneh