chinh

eka pratima () hii purvekadil rudhivadi, prachya rudhivadi aanee catholic charchchya sanskratinmadhil eka dharmik kalakruti aahe, jee samanyatah eka chitrakala aahe. tyaa keval kalakruti naheet; "pratima hii dharmik bhaktimadhye vaparali jaanari pavitra pratima aahe". sarvat samanya vishayanmadhye khrist, merrie, sant aanee devdutancha samavesh aahe. jaree visheshtah eka kinwa done mukhya vyaktinvar laksh kendrit chitran pratikruti-shailichya pratimanshi sambandhit asale, taree yaa shabdamadhye purvekadil khrishchananni tayar kelelya vividh kalatmak madhyamanmadhil bahutek dharmik pratimancha samavesh aahe, jyat samanyatah baybalmadhil kinwa santanchya jivanatil varnanatmak drushyancha samavesh aahe.
pratima samanyatah andyachya tempera asalelya lakadachya patalanvar rangavalya jaatat, parantu tyaa dhatoot takalya jaau shakatat kinwa dagadat koralya jaau shakatat kinwa kapadavar bharatkam kele jaau shakatat kinwa mozek kinwa frescochya kamat kelya jaau shakatat kinwa kagad kinwa dhatoo ii. varr chhapalya jaau shakatat. pashchatya khrishchan dharmachya tulanatmak pratimanche vargikaran 'pratima' mhanoon kele jaau shakate, jaree bhakti pratimechya sthir shailiche varnan karnyasathi 'pratishthit' dekhil vaparale jaau shakate. greek bhashet, pratima chitrakalesathicha shabd "lekhan" sathee samaan shabd vaparato aanee rudhivadi srot anekada tyache ingerjit "pratima lekhan" mhanoon bhashantar karatat.
purvekadil rudhivadi paramparenusar, khrishchan pratimanche utpadan heey khrishchan dharmachya agadi suruvatichya kalapasoon suru hote aanee tevhapasoon tee eka nirantar parampara rahili aahe. aadhunik shaikshanik qalaa itihas asey manato qee, pratima purvi astitvat asalya taree, hii parampara keval keval shatkaparyantach shodhali jaau shakate aanee suruvatichya khrishchan kalepasoon tikoon asalelya pratima nantarchya pratimanpeksha pratimanshi khoop bhinn asatat. nantarchya shatkatil pratima 5 vya shatkapasoonchya pratimanshi pratimanshi jawalun jodalya jaau shakatat, jaree yapaiki phaar qamee pratimanche astitva tikoon aahe. 726-842 chya byzantine pratimashravya darmyan pratimancha vyapak naash jhaala, jaree yamule pratimanchya yogyatecha prashna kayamcha nikali nighala. tevhapasoon, pratima shaili aanee vishayachi eka uttam satatya aahe, jee pashchatya charchchya pratimanpeksha khoop jaast aahe. tyach velee badal aanee vikas jhaala aahe.
itihas.
chinhacha uday.
purv-khrishchan dharmanni kalakruti tayar kelya aanee tyancha vapar keela. vividh devata aanee devatanchya moorti aanee chitranchi niyamitpane pooja aanee pooja kelee jaat asey. khrishchananni asha kriya kadhee haatee ghetalya heey spasht nahee. navhate shatkatil khrishchan parampara luke daad evangelistla pahile pratima chitrakar mhanoon olakhate, parantu heey kadachit aitihasik tathye pratibimbit karnar nahee. prarambhik khristi dharm samanyatah aniconic hota, siddhant aanee aacharan yaa donhimadhye dharmik pratimechya virodhat sumare 200 paryant, paul corby finnichya prarambhik khrishchan lekhan aanee bhautik avasheshanchya vishleshanane (1994) aavhan dile aahe. yamule yaa muddyavar suruvatichya khrishchananvar parinam chitran manovruttinche teen vegvegale srot vegale hotatah "pratham, manwala devachi thet drushti asoo shakate; dusare, teey pahoo shakat navhate; aanee tisare, jaree manav dewala pahoo shakat asale taree tyanna naan pahanyacha sarvottam sallah denyat aala hota aanee tyanni jeey pahile hote tyache pratinidhitva karnyas tyanna katekorpane manai karnyat aalee hotee". 
heey anukrame greek aanee purvekadil murtipujak dharmanmadhun, pracheen greek tattvadnyanatun aanee jyoo parampara aanee junya kararatoon aale aahet. yaa teenpaiki, finni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "ekunach, pavitra pratimanprati israyalachya tiraskarane suruvatichya khrishchan dharmavar, adrushya devatechya greek tatvik paramparepeksha khoopach qamee prabhav padala", tyamule bahutek paramparik vruttannusar, bahutek pahilya khrishchananchya jyoo parshvabhumivar qamee bharr deela. 
finny suchavatat qee "200 purvi khristi qalaa naan disanyachya karanancha kalaprati asalelya tattvanishth tiraskar, itar-sansarikpanashi kinwa bhautikvadvirodhiteshi kahihi sambandh nahee. satya sope aanee sansarik aaheh khrishchanankade jameen aanee bhandwal navhate. kalesathi donhichi garaj asate. tyanni jameen aanee bhandwal midvanyas suruvat karatach, khrishchananni tyanchya swatachya vishisht prakarchya kalecha prayog karnyas suruvat kelee.
pilatene khristachi pratima banavali hotee yaa aakhyayikevyatirikt, sizeriyacha sizeriyacha shatkatil eusebius, tyachya 'charchchya itihasat', yeshuchya 'pahilya' pratimecha adhik mahattvapoorn sandarbh deto. too sangato qee edesacha raja abgar (maran pavala) yane jerusalemmadhe yeshula eka patra pathavale, jyat yeshula yeuun tyala aajaar barey karnyas sangitale. abgar kathechya yaa aavruttit pratimecha ullekh nahee. syriachya 'adaichya siddhant' () madhye sapadalelya nantarchya eka vruttat kathet yeshuchya rangavalelya pratimecha ullekh aahe. nantarhi, evagrius scholasticsne dilelya dilelya shatkatil vruttat, rangavaleli pratima eka pratimet rupantarit hote jee khristane tyachya olya olya kapad dabale tevha chamatkarikpane towelwar disali. pudhil aakhyayika sangatat qee heey kapad 10 vya shatkaparyant edesamadhye rahile, jevha general johnn kaurakoaasne teey constantinopalkade nele. 1204 madhye jevha crusadersney constantinopala barkhast kele tevha too gayab jhaala, parantu toparyant asankhya pratinni tyacha pratishthit prakar drudhpane sthapit keela hota.
chauthya shatkatil khrishchan elius lamprediusne tyachya 'alekzandar sevharaschya jeevana' (XXX) madhye (murtipujak kinwa nastik sandarbhat) pratimansarkhe manale jaanare khrishchan pratimanche sarvat june dnyat likhit reecord tayar kele jeey 'auguston itihas' chaa bhag hote. lamprediuschya matey, samrat alekzandar saverus (αλεκενδερεστος) yane swatah khristi nasoon, dev samratanchya pratimanchya, tyachya purvajanchya aanee khrist, apollonius, orpheus aanee abrahamachya chhayachitranchya pujesathi eka gharguti prathanasthal thewale hote. sant irenius, () tyachya 'vidharmanviruddha' (1:25; 6) madhye nastik carpocraciancha tiraskarpurvak mhanatoh
dusarikade, irenaeus samanya arthane pratima kinwa chhayachitrambaddal teeka karat nahee-keval kahee nastik panthiyanchya pratima vaparabaddal.
pratimechya shraddhevar aanakhi eka teeka johnchya gele; shatkatil gair-pramanik krutyanmadhye disun yete (samanyatah eka nastik karya manale jaate), jyamadhye preshit johnla kalate qee tyachya eka anuyayane tyache chitra banavale aahe aanee too tyachi pooja kareet aaheh
nantarchya parichhedat johnn mhanato, "pann tumhi aata jeey kele aahe teey balish aanee apoorn aaheh tumhi mrutanche mrut swaroop rekhatale aahe."
kiman khrishchan charchchya kahee padanukramanni chauthya shatkachya suruvatila ajunahi pratimanna katekorpane virodh keela. spanish alvira () bishapsachya bigger-sarvajanin dharmasabhet, "chitre charchmadhye thevu nayet, jenekarun tee upasana aanee upasanechi vastoo banoo nayet" assa nishkarsh kadhala.
salamischya bishop epiphaniusne jerusalemche bishop johnn yanna lihilele 51 weey patra, jyamadhye tyane charchmadhil pratima kashee fadali heey sangitale aanee itar bishapla takeed dilee qee asha pratima "virodhatmak aahet [.]..] aamchya dharmasathi.
tyachya "charchchya itihasat" anyatra, eusebiusne jee jee chitre tyane yeshu, pieter aanee paul yanchi mhanoon ghetali hotee tee pahilyache nondavale aahe aanee mount harmankhali baniyas/panis yethe kansya putalyacha ullekh keela aahe, jyabaddal tyane lihile aahe, "hii moorti yeshuchi pratima aahe asey teey mhanatat". pudhe, too sangato qee sthanikanni hii pratima yeshune (luke 8:43-48) raktachya samasyene grast asalelya strichya barey honyache smarak manali, kaaran tyat duheri zaga ghatalela aanee haat pasaravalela ubha asalela purush aanee tyachyapudhe gudghe tekoon asaleli eka stree, jase qee haat pudhe dhaklat aahe, asey dakhavanyat aale aahe. 
johnn francis willson heey asey suchavatat qee heey murtipujak kansya putalyache sandarbh aahe jyachi kharee olakh visarali gelee hotee. kahinna asey vatale aahe qee teey greek rognivarak dev esculapiusche pratinidhitva karate, parantu ubhe asalelya aakrutiche aanee vinavanimadhye gudghe gudghe striche varnan nanivar sapadalelya pratimanshi tantotant julate jyat daadh asalela samrat hadrian () tyachya samore gudghe gudghe eka stree aakrutiparyant pohochat asalyache darshavile aahe.
constantia (samrat constantinechi savatra baheen) jevha yeshuchya pratimebaddal vicharale tevha eusebiusne hii vinanti nakarat uttar dileh "khristachya manvi swarupache rupantar honyapurvi tyache sampoorn chitran karane mhanje devachi aadnya modane aanee murtipujak chukanmadhye padane."mhanoon jaroslav pelican eusebiusla" "pratimashravyateche janak" "mhanato".
313 madhye samrat constantine pahila yane roman samrajyat khrishchan dharmachi adhikrut sahishnuta vadhavalyanantar, mothya sankhyene murtipujakanche dharmantar jhaale. khristikaranachya yaa kalat, jaree murtipujak savayinpeksha barech farak asale taree vishvasoo lokanmadhye khristi pratimancha vapar bahudha khoop vyapak jhaala. robbin laine fox mhanato qee, "pachvya shatkachya suruvatiparyant, aaplyala santanchya khajgi pratimanchya malkibaddal mahitee aahe; tyamule, aapan khatri balgoo shakato qee santanchya mandirachya aateel bhag pratima aanee bhaktipurna chhayachitranni sushobhit keela jaeel, hii pratha kadachit purvi suru jhaali hotee."
jevha swatahla () nirbandit kele, tevha varvar pahata khristi dharm swikarla, tevha tyachya bahusankhya praja murtipujakach rahilya. menbattya jaalanyachya aanee samratachya pratimela dhoop arpan karnyachya paramparik paddhatidvare vyakt keleli samratachya devatvachi roman shahee panth kahee kalasathi sahan kelee gelee kaaran tee dadapanyacha prayatna karane rajkiyadrushtya dhokadayak tharale asate. asate shatkat nyayalayacha aanee samrajyachya nagarpalika imaratincha ajunahi asha prakare shasak samratachya chitracha sanman keela jaat asey.
425 madhye kathitpane arian khrishchan asalelya philostorgiusne, rudhivadi khrishchananna murtipujecha aarop keela kaaran tyanni ajunahi samratachya pratimecha sanman keela hota aanee asha prakare mahan samratala sthir kele. dicks namood karato qee, khristachya kinwa tyachya preshitanchya kinwa santanchya pratimechya ashach sanmanabaddalachya pahilya vidyaman sandarbhapurvi heey eka shatkahoon adhik kaal ghadale hote, parantu swarg aanee pruthvicha raja asalelya khristachya pratimesathi, pruthvivaril roman samratala dilyapramanech pooja karane hii eka naisargik pragati asalyache disate. tathapi, rudhivadi, purvekadil catholic aanee itar gut murtinchya pujepasoon murtinchya upasanemadhye spashtapane farak karnyacha aagrah dharatat.
theodosius teey justinian.
theodosius pahila yachya akhtyarit, khristi dharm haah ekmev anumati asalela roman rajya dharm mhanoon swikarlyanantar, khristi qalaa keval gunavatta aanee susanskratatemadhyech navhe tarr nisargatahi badaloo lagali. samajatil garib nasalelya ghatakanmadhye ghatakanmadhye shraddhevyatirikt, rajyakadoon chhal naan karata, khristi prathamach ughadpane aapala vishvas vyakt karnyas swatantra asalyamule heey kahee lahan kaaran navhate. shahidanchi chitre aanee tyanchya kartabgari disu lagalya aanee suruvatichya lekhakanni tyanchya jivanavaril prabhavavar bhashya kele, jyaa ghatakanpaiki eka mhanje kahee khrishchan lekhakanni murtipujak kalet teeka kelee-jivanache anukaran karanyachi kshamata. khotya devankade nirdesh kelyabaddal lekhakanni bahutekatah murtipujes protsahan dilyabaddal murtipujak kalakrutinvar teeka kelee. purv khrishchan dharmachya sampoorn itihasat (kahee lahan apavad vagalata) suru rahilyamule, murtipujak panthachya paddhatinchya mukhya kalatmak kendrachya agadi jawal asalyane yaa feritil moorti talhalya gelya.
nilas auph sinai (), tyachya "heliodorus cylenteariusla lihilelya patrat", eka chamatkar nondavato jyamadhye seent. eka khristi vyaktila eka swapnamadhye ankeercha plato disala. tyaa tarunane tyache chitra anekada pahile hote mhanoon santachi olakh patali. ekhadya pratimechya rupatil dharmik swarupachi hii manyata hii manavansamor dev disanyachya murtipujak pavitra vruttantanchi eka vaishishtye hotee aanee hegiographimadhye niyamitpane 'topo' hote. thessalonikichya sant demetriuschya drushticha eka gambhir praptakarta spashtapane spasht karato qee sant tyachya "adhik pracheen" pratimanshi samya aahe-bahudha 7 vya shatkatil mosack ajunahi haggios demetriosmadhye aahet. dusra, eka african bishop, demetrios navachya eka tarun sainikane arab gulamgiritun vachavala hota, jyane tyala thessaloniki yetheel tyachya gharee jaanyas sangitale. shaharatil bahutek tarun sainikanna demetrios mhatale jaate asey lakshat aalyanantar tyane haar manali aanee bhintivar tyacha bachavkarta shodhanyasathi shaharatil sarvat mothya charchmadhye gela.
yaa kalat charchane serve gair-dharmik manvi pratimanna-samrat aanee datyanchya aakdyanna dharmik mananyas-paravrutt karnyas suruvat kelee. heey mothya pramanat prabhavi jhaale, jenekarun bahutek lokanna keval dharmik pratima aanee sattadhari vargachya pratima disatil. pratima' haah shabd keval dharmik pratimancha navhe, tarr konatyahi aanee serve pratimancha sandarbh dett asey, parantu hyasathi vegalya shabdachi garaj kvachitach hotee.
mereeche leukche chitra.
jaree kabarichya bhintinvaril purvichya chitranmadhye mereechya aadhunik pratimanshi samya asale, taree jivanatoon rangavalelya mereechya pratimecha pahila ullekh 5 vya shatkatil sandarbhamadhye disun yeto. theodorus lectorne tyachya 6 vya shatkatil "charchcha itihas" 1:1 madhye mhatale aahe qee yudokia (samrat theodosius II, 460 chee patni) neey hodetriyachya 'aaee' navachya pratima jerusalempasun palcheriyala, majee samrat aanee theodosius II chey vadil arcadius yanchi mulgi, pathavali. hii pratima preshit luke yane rangavaleli asalyache nirdisht karnyat aale hote."
marjerita garduchine eka paramparecha ullekh keela aahe qee leukla shrey dilele mereeche mool chinh, jeey yudokiane palestinehoon pulturiala pathavale hote, teey keval tichya dokyache eka mothe golakar chinh hote. jevha heey chinh sthirankat aale tevha teey khristachya mulala dharoon asalelya tichya eka mothya aayatakruti chinhat doke mhanoon basavale gele hote aanee heey sammishra chinh aahe jeey aitihasikdrushtya hodetriya mhanoon olakhale jaate. tee aanakhi eka parampara pudhe sangate qee jevha constantinopalacha shevatcha lattin samrat, baldwin dusra, 1261 madhye constantinopalpasoon paloon gela tevha tyane pratimecha haah mool golakar bhag aaplyabarobar ghetala.
heey enjvin rajvanshachya tabyat rahile, jyanni teey merrie aanee khristachya mulachi khoop mothee pratima ghatali hotee, jee sadhya montevergine benedictin abbay charchchya unch vedivar pratishthapit aahe. tyanantarchya shatkanmadhye yaa pratimevar punha punha rangarangoti karnyat aalee, tyamule mereechya mereechya mool pratima kashee asel heey tharvane katheen jhaale. garduchi sangatat qee 1950 madhye santa francesca roman charchmadhil merichi eka pracheen pratima 5 vya shatkat banavalelya aanee rommadhye aanalelya mool golakar pratimechi agadi achook, parantu ulat aarshatil pratima asalyache nishchit karnyat aale hote, jithe tee aajparyant rahili aahe.
nantarchya paramparet leukshey sambandhit mereechya pratimanchi sankhya mothya pramanat vadhali. salus populi romani, vladimirche theotocos, mount ethosache theotocos iverskya, tikhvinche theotocos, smolenskche theotocos aanee sestochovache black madona hii udaharane aahet aanee dusare seent thomas mountveril cathedralmadhye aahe, jeey seent thomas yanni rangavalelya satpaiki eka asalyache manale jaate. dharmpracharkala lutoon taaka aanee seent. thomas. ethiopiache kiman aanakhi saat rugna aahet. bisera wii. pencheva nishkarsh kadhatat, "pratimashastriy vadachya kalat pratima pujechya vaidhateche samarthan karnyasathi [look chitrakalechya pratimechya] mithakacha shodh lavala gela" gela" aanee aanee shatkat, bahutek qalaa itihaskaranni sangitalyapeksha khoop nantar]. dharmpracharak luke yanni tyanchya aayushyat chitrit kelelya theotocoschya chitrache astitva asalyacha dawa karoon, pratimamudranni preshit mool aanee pratimanchya daivi manyatesathi banavat purave dile."
pratimashastriy vadachya aadhi aanee darmyanchya kalat, naveen karar kalavadhishi pratima nirmitiche shrey shrey kathanmadhye mothya pramanat vaadh jhaali, anek preshit aanee agadi merrie swatah dekhil pratimanche kalakar kinwa aayukt mhanoon kaam kele asey manale jaate (mereechya babatit dekhil bharatkam kele gele).
pratima-sthayi kaal.
agadi suruvatipasunach khristi dharmat pratimancha aanee tyancha gairavapar karnyala satatyane virodh hott hota. "jevha jevha pratimanni charchmadhye anuchit prabhav padanyachi dhamki dilee, tevha dharmashastradnyanni tyanchi satta kadhoon ghenyacha prayatna keela aahe". pudhe, "chauthe aanee aathve shatak asey nahee jyamadhye charchmadhyehi pratimanchya virodhatil kahee purave naheet". tathapi, chinhansathi lokpriy pasanti tyanchya nirantar astitvachi hummy dete, parantu chinhansathi kinwa virodhat konatihi paddhatshir maafee kinwa chinhanche saiddhantik pradhikaran kinwa nishedh adyap astitvat navhate.
navhate shatkat byzantine shahee pradhikaranane pratimanchya vaparala gambhir aavhan dile hote. jaree yaa veleparyant pratimanchya virodhala jyoo dharm aanee islammadhye jordar aadhar hota, taree purvekadil rudhivadi murtipujak chalvalila prerana denyache shrey muslim kinwa jyoo yanna dile gele, "samkalin aanee aadhunik vidvananni atishayokti kelyache disate".
dharmik siddhantachya itihasat jaree mahattvapoorn asale taree, pratimanvaril byzantine vaad byzantinechya itihasat prathamik mahatva mhanoon pahila jaat nahee; "[eff] tathapi, itihaskar ajunahi too tyaa kalatil sarvat motha muddah asalyache manatat".
pratimashastriy kaal suru jhaala jevha samrat lio tisra isaurian yane 726 teey 730 darmyan kahee kaal pratima bandee ghatali. tyachya mulga constantine 5 chya antargat, 754 madhye constantinopaljaval hyria yethe pratimapoojanavar bandee ghalanari parishad aayojit karnyat aalee. nantar samradnyi regent irenne pratimapoojanachi punarrachana kelee, jyanchya netrutvakhali dusarya parishadene mageel pratimashastriy parishadeche nirnay ulatoon aanee satvi vishvavyapi parishad mhanoon tyache shirshak ghetale. parishadene pratimashraddha dharan chitran sarvanna, mhanje.eae. jyanche asey mutt hote qee pratimanchi pooja mhanje murtipuja. tyanantar 815 madhye lio vhee. neey punha bandee lagoo kelee. shevati, 843 madhye constantinopalachya parishadet samradnyi regent theodorane pratima pooja nirnayakpane punarsanchayit kelee.
tevhapasoon serve byzantine nanyanchya ulat bajula dharmik pratima kinwa chinh hote, samanyatah mothya panthansathi khristachi pratima, samore samratache doke, rajya aanee daivi vyavastheche bandhan majboot karate.
akheiropoieta.
manvi chitrakarane navhe tarr chamatkarikpane astitvat aalyacha aarop asalelya pratimanpasun (, shabdasha 'hatane naan banavaleli') midavaleli parampara. asha pratima shaktishali avashesh tasech pratima mhanoon kaam karat asat aanee tyanchya pratimankade naisargikaritya vishayachya vishayachya swarupabaddal visheshtah adhikrut mhanoon pahile jaat aseh naisargikaritya aanee visheshtah keval manvi nirmitila daivi kahihi moort swaroop mhanoon swikaranyas anichha, manavnirmit "moorti" chya khrishchan avadnyeche eka samanya sthan. thet thet vishayavarun rangavalelya pratikanpramanech, tyanni paramparetil itar pratimansathi mahattvapoorn sandarbh mhanoon kaam kele. mandelian' kinwa edesachya pratimechya vikasit aakhyayikechya bajula veronikachya burkhyachi katha hotee, jyache navach 'kharey chinh' kinwa 'kharey pratime' darshavate, 'khotee pratima' majboot rahanyachi bheeti.
shailigat vikas.
jaree tyanchya vaparachya purvichya nondi asalya taree, egyptmadhil greek orthodox sant catherinechya mathat jatan kelelya 6 vya shatkatil kahipeksha aadhichi konatihi puttle chinhe astitvat naheet, kaaran rommadhil itar serve udaharane mothya pramanat atee-rangaleli aahet. khrist, merrie aanee santanchya sarvat junya chitranansathi astitvat asalele purave bhintivarchi chitre, mosack aanee kahee koreev kamanmadhun midatat. nantarchya shailikaranachya ulat teey disanyat vastavadi aahet. teey shailit vyapakpane samaan aahet, jaree bahutek vela gunavattet barech shreshth asale taree, menane (encoustic) kelelya aanee egyptmadhil fayum yethe itaratra mummy portraits. 
asha vastunvarun mojata yeil, qee yeshuchi pahili chitre, samanyatah tyala eka daadh nasalela tarun mhanoon mhanoon pratikrutinpeksha, samanya hotee. lamb kesanchya, dadhi asalelya asalelya suruvatichya udaharananchya kahee kaal aadhi, nantar yeshuchi pratima disu lagalyane tyache pramanikaran jhaale. jevha teey disu lagale tevha ajunahi farak hota. hippochya augusteinne (354-430) mhatale qee yeshuche kinwa mereeche swaroop konalahi maheet navhate. tathapi, augustein haah pavitra bhoomicha rahivasi navhata aanee tyamule sthanik loksankhya aanee tyanchya maukhik paramparanshi parichit navhata. haloohaloo, yeshuchya chitranni pratikruti pratimanchi vaishishtye sweekarli.
yaa velee yeshuche chitran karanyachi paddhat adyap eksaman navhati aanee done sarvat samanya pratimanpaiki konatya pratimes pasanti dilee jaavi yavar kahee vaad hota. pahilya kinwa 'semitic' rupat yeshuche lahan aanee 'fika' cases dakhavale gele; gele; prakarat madhyabhagi vibhajit cases asalela dadhi asalela yeshu darshavila gela, jyaa prakare dev ziusche chitran kele gele hote. theodorus lectorne tippani kelee qee doghanpaiki, lahan aanee fikat cases asalela cases "adhik assal" hota. tyachya davyache samarthan karnyasathi, too eka katha sangato (damaskasachya johnne uddhrut keleli) qee yeshuchi pratima rangavanyasathi niyukt kelelya murtipujkane "semitic" swarupapeksha "zius" swaroop vaparale aanee shiksha mhanoon tyache haat valale.
jaree tyancha vikas haloohaloo hott asala, taree khristi pratimanna poojya aanee chamatkarik vastoo mhanoon swikaranyache (fakt lokpriy kinwa sthanik aivaji) sampoorn swaroop aanee samanya charchmadhil (samanya) manyata 6 vya shatkaparyantchi tarikh sangane shakya aahe, jevha hans belting lihitat, "aamhi charchane dharmik pratimancha vapar kelyache pahilyanda aikato". "sahavya shatkachya uttaradhat pohochatach aaplyala aadhalate qee pratima thet pooja aakarshit karat aahet aanee tyapaiki kahee chamatkaranchya kamgiriche shrey dile jaate". siril mango lihito, "nyayanishthanantarchya kalat, lokpriy bhaktimadhye pratima satat vadhanari bhoomika dharan karate aanee pratimanshi sambandhit chamatkarik kathancha prasar hoto, tyapaiki kahee aaplya dolhyanna dhakka basavatat". tathapi, eusebius aanee irenaeus yanni purvi kelele sandarbh pratimanchi pooja darshavtat aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatilach tyanchyashi sambandhit chamatkar nondavale jaatat.
pratikatmakata.
purvekadil rudhivadi aanee madhyayugeen pashchimekadil suruvatichya kalatil pratimanmadhye kalatmak parvanyasathi farach qamee jaaga tayar kelee jaate. pratimetil jawaljawal pratyek goshticha eka pratikatmak pailu asato. khrist, sant aanee devadute yaa sarvanmadhye prabhamandal aahe. devdutanna (aanee anekada johnn baptisma denara) pankh asatat kaaran teey sandeshvahak asatat. aakrutinmadhye aakrutinmadhye swaroop satatyapurn asate, tyanna vaiyaktik vaishishtye asatat aanee kahee paramparik mudra vaparlya jaatat. mukhya dutankade patal kathee aanee kadhikadhi aarsa asato.
rung dekhil eka mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate. sone heey swargachya tejala darshavate; laal, daivi jeevan. nila haah manvi jivanacha rung aahe, pandhara haah devacha nirman naan jhalela prakash aahe, joou keval khristachya punarutthanasathi aanee rupantarasathi vaparla jaato. yeshu aanee mereechya pratimanmadhye, yeshu nilya bahya vastracha laal antarvastra paridhan karato (dev manav bananyache pratinidhitva karato) aanee merrie laal aachchadan asalela nila antarvastra ghalato (jyache pratinidhitva devane bhetvastu dilelya manasache pratinidhitva karato) aanee asha prakare devatvacha siddhant pratimandware vyakt keela jaato. akshare hii dekhil chinhe aahet. bahutek chinhanmadhye chitrit kelelya vyaktiche kinwa ghataneche naav denare kahee sulekhan majkoor samavisht asatat. heey dekhil anekada shailibaddha paddhatine sadar kele jaate.
chamatkar.
purvekadil rudhivadi khrishchan paramparet vishisht aashcharyakarak pratimanche ahwal aahet jeey miir (sugandhit, upchar karnare teel) baher kadhatat kinwa shraddhavananchya vinantivar chamatkar karatat. jevha asha ahavalanchi rudhivadi padanukramadware padtalani kelee jaate, tevha teey rangavalelya lakadachech jadui gunadharm asanyaivaji santachya prathanandware devane kelele chamatkar mhanoon samajale jaatat. dharmikdrushtya, serve pratima pavitra manalya jaatat aanee swargiy aanee pruthvivaril kshetranmadhil aadhyatmik sanvadache sadhan asalyane tyaa nisargane chamatkarik aahet. 
tathapi, vishisht pratimanna 'chamatkarik karya' mhanoon darshavine asamanya nahee, mhanje devane tyanchyadvare chamatkar karoon tyanche gaurav karane nivadle aahe. asha pratimanna anekada vishisht nave dilee jaatat (visheshtah kumari merichi) aanee agadi shaharatoon shaharatahi ghetali jaatat jithe shraddhalu lock tyanchi pooja karnyasathi aanee tyanchyasamor prathna karnyasathi ekatra yetat. tinosarkhi bete asha "chamatkarik" pratima thevanyasathi prasiddha aahet aanee darvarshi hajaro yatrekaru tyanna bhet detat.
purvekadil rudhivadi shikshan.
pratimanchya utpattibaddalacha purvekadil rudhivadi drushtikon samanyatah bahutek dharmnirpeksh vidvananpeksha aanee samkalin roman catholic vartulatil kahinpeksha khoopach vegala aaheh "rudhivadi church heey rakhate aanee shikavate qee pavitra pratima khristi dharmachya suruvatipasun astitvat aahe", asey leonid auspensky yanni lihile aahe. kahee aparamparik lekhak pauranik manatat ashee nond purvekadil rudhivadat itihas mhanoon sweekarli jaate, kaaran tee church paramparecha eka bhag aahet. asha prakare, chamatkarik 'hatane banavaleli pratima' aanee novgorodchi radnari aanee halanari 'chinhachya devachi aaee' yasarkhya vruttantanna tathya mhanoon sweekarle jaateh udaharanarth, charchchi parampara aaplyala tarankartyachya tyachya aayushyat ('hatanshivay banavaleli pratima') aanee tyachya lagechach nantarchya sarvat pavitra theotocos [merrie] chya pratimanchya astitvabaddal sangate."
purvekadil rudhivadi pudhe shikavatat qee "pratimanchya mahattvavishayi spasht samaj" haah charchcha agadi suruvatipasunach eka bhag hota aanee too kadhihi badalala nahee, jaree kalantarane tyanchya mahattvavishayichi spashtikarane vikasit jhaali asateel. yache kaaran asey qee pratimachitra heey avtaranchya (khrist haah devacha aahe) dharamshastrat rujalele aahe, jeey badalale nahee, jaree charchmadhye tyache tyanantarche spashtikaran pahilya saat vishvavyapi parishadanchya kalat jhaale. khristi dharmachya bahutansh itihasat nirakshar vishvasoo lokansathi pratima hii sudharanechi sadhane mhanoonahi kaam karat hotya. asha prakare, pratima heey chitrakaletil shabd aahet; teey taranachya itihasacha aanee thos vyaktinmadhye tyachya prakatikaranacha sandarbh detat. orthodox charchmadhye, "devane manushyala avtar prateek mhanoon dilelya mahan goshtinchi saksh mhanoon, pratima nehmich drishyaman suvarta mhanoon samajalya gelya aahet". 860 chya parishademadhye asey mhatale gele hote qee "shabdanshat lihilelya shabdanmadhye jeey kahee uchcharale jaate teey serve ranganchya bhashetahi ghoshit kele jaate".
purvekadil rudhivadi lokanna baybalmadhye pratima kinwa pratimeche pahile udaharan aadhalate jevha devane manushyala tyachya swatachya pratimet (septuagint greek), utpatti 1:26-27 madhye nirman kele. nirgamanamadhye, devane aadnya dilee qee israyali lokanni konatihi koreev pratima banavoo naye; tathapi, tyanantar lagechach, tyane aadnya dilee qee tyanni karoob aanee itar vastoonchya koreev pratima banvavyat, donhi moorti mhanoon aanee tapestriever vinalelya. nantar, solomanne pahile mandir bandhale tevha asha aanakhi pratima samavisht kelya. purvekadil rudhivadi lock manatat qee yaa pratima mhanoon patra aahet, kaaran tyaa swargiy pranyanche chitran chitran drishyaman pratima hotya aanee karubanchya babatit, apratyakshapane tarvachya varr devachi upasthiti darshavinyasathi vaparlya jaat hotya.
sankhyanchya pustakat asey lihile aahe qee devane moshela 'nehushtan' haah kansya sarp tayar karnyas aanee too dharoon thevanyas sangitale, jenekarun sapakade pahanara konihi tyanchya saap chavnyapasun barey hoil. johnn 3 madhye, yeshu tyach sarpacha sandarbh deto, too mhanato qee tyala sarpapramanech varr uchalale gele pahije. damaskasacha johnn dekhil yaa labad sarpala eka pratima manat asey. pudhe, yeshu khristala swatah kalassaikar 1:15 madhye "adrushya devachi pratima" mhatale gele aahe aanee mhanoon too eka arthane eka prateek aahe. lock dekhil devachya pratimanmadhye tayar kele jaatat, mhanoon lokanna jiwant pratima dekhil manale jaate aanee mhanunach orthodox prathna sevanmadhye rangavalelya chinhansah 'sains' kele jaate.
damishkachya johnchya matey, joou konee pratima nasht karnyacha prayatna karato too "khristacha shatru, dev aanee santanchi pavitra aaee aanee saitan aanee tyachya bhutancha rakshak aahe". yache kaaran asey qee pratimanmagil dharamshastra heey manavatechya avtar dharamshastrashi aanee yeshuchya devatvashi jawalun jodalele aahe, tyamule pratimanvaril hallyancha samanyatah, vishvavyapi parishadanmadhye spasht kelyapramane, swatah yeshuchya avtarala qamee lekhanyacha kinwa tyachyavar hallah karnyacha parinam hoto.
sizeriyachi tulas, tyachya 'pavitra aatmyavar' lihilelya likhanat mhanate, "pratimes dilela sanman namunala jaato". too hii sankalpana spasht kartana mhanato, "jarr mea sizarchya putalyakade boat dakhavale aanee tumhala vicharale qee 'too kona aahe?', tumche uttar barobar asel,' teey seasure aahe.'jevha tumhi asey bolata tevha tumhala asey mhanayache nahee qee dagad swatach sijar aahe, parantu tyaeivaji, tumhi putalyala dilele naav aanee sanman mool, mool, sijarala jaate."asha prakare pratimankade pahanyacha haah drushtikon aahe; purvekadil rudhivadi drushtikonatun, yeshuchya pratimeche chumban ghene mhanje keval lakud aanee pratima bhautik padarth banvinare rung navhe tarr swatah yeshubaddal prem darshavine. tyachya mool namunyapasun purnapane vegale mhanoon murtichi pooja karane satvya vishvavyapi parishadene spashtapane nishiddha kele aahe.
pratima anekada menbattine kinwa telachya baranine baranine prakashit kelya jaatat. (menbattyansathi menn aanee teel divyansathi olive teel pasant kele jaate kaaran teey agadi swachchapane jalatat, jaree itar sahitya kadhikadhi vaparale jaate.) dive kinwa menbattyanni dharmik pratima prakashit karane hii khristi dharmachya purvakalin pracheen pratha aahe.
pradeshanusar pratimachitrakalechi parampara.
byzantine samrajya.
byzantiummadhye vikasit jhalelya pratimachitrakalechya paramparechi, constantinople heey mukhya shahar asatana, 11 vya shatkatil keval kahee pratima aahet aanee tyanchya aadhichi konatihi pratima nahee, kahee pramanat jyaa iconoclastic sudharananmule anek nasht kinwa haravale hote, aanee chauthya dharmayuddhadarmyan 1204 madhye venis prajasattakane lutale aanee shevati 1453 madhye constantinopleche patan.
keval comnenian kalat (1081-1185)chaa, anshatah samruddha samgrichya (jase qee mosack, hastidant aanee kachechya tamar) kamataratemule, byzantine jagaat pratimecha panth vyapak jhaala, parantu nantar charchchya saravat pratimansathi eka vishesh padada asalelya "iconostasis" chee olakh karoon denyat aalee. tyaa kalatil shaili tivra, shrenibaddha aanee durchi hotee.
comnenian kalachya uttaradhat hii tivrata qamee jhaali aanee purvi talhalya gelelya bhavnene pratimachitrakamat pravesh keela. yaa badalasathichya pramukh smarakanmadhye daphani mathatil () bhittichitre aanee seent charchcha samavesh aahe. skopjejavalache pantelliman (1164). vladimirche theotocos heey kadachit adhyatm aanee bhavananchya dishene naveen cull darshavnare sarvat pratinidhik udaharan aahe.
1261 madhye suru jhalelya paleologan kalat pratimanmadhil bhavniktekade cull chaloo rahila. chora charchsarkhya mosackmadhye paleologan qalaa tyachya shikharavar pohochali. 14 vya shatkachya uttaradhat, palayologan santanna atishayoktipurna paddhatine, atishay patal aanee vikrut sthiteet chitrit kele gele-eka shaili jee palayologan paddhativad mhanoon olakhali jaate, jyache eka utkrusht udaharan aahe.
1453 nantar, byzantine parampara purvi tyachya dharm aanee sanskratine prabhavit asalelya pradeshanmadhye-balkan, russia aanee itar slavic deshanmadhye, cocksusmadhil georgia aanee armeniya aanee islamik jagatil purvekadil rudhivadi alpasankhyakanmadhye suru hotee. padala shatkachya madhyaparyant venisachya rajvatit asalelya greek bhashik jaagtik kretmadhye, crayton shaleche ghar mhanoon rangavalelya pratimanche eka mahattvache kendra hote, jeey europemadhye anekanchi niryat karat hote.
crate.
crate 1204 pasoon venesian niyantranakhali hote aanee akheris pashchimatya reshanvar seent leukchya sanghasah, kinwa sanghatit chitrakaranchya sanghasah, kaleche eka bharbharatiche kendra banale. crayton chitrakales venesian pradeshantil catholic aanee purvekadil rudhivadi yaa doghankadunhi motha aashray midala hota. vahtook sulbhatesathi, crayton chitrakar panel pentingmadhye vishesh aahet aanee vividh aashraydatyanchya aavadinusar anek shailinmadhye kaam karanyachi kshamata vikasit kelee aahe. kretmadhye aapali pratishtha prasthapit kelyanantar venis yethe sthalantarit jhalela ell grico haah shalecha sarvat prasiddha kalakar aahe, jyane tyachya kamanmadhye anek byzantine adhiveshanancha vapar karane suru thewale. 1669 madhye cratevaryl heraclean shahar, jyane ekekali kiman 120 chitrakarancha abhiman balgala hota, teey turkanchya tabyat gele. tyaa kalapasoon greek pratima chitrakala qamee hott gelee, 20 vya shatkat photis contoglo sarkhya qalaa sudharkankadun punarujjivanacha prayatna keela gela, jyanni purvichya shailinkade parat jaanyavar bharr deela.
russia.
russian pratima samanyatah lakdavarchi chitre asatat, bahutekda lahan, jaree church aanee mathanmadhil kahee chitre table topaitaki mothee asoo shakatat. rashiyatil anek dharmik gharanmadhye bhintivar-laal bhintivar-laal (chinh kopra pahaa) pratima tanglelya aahet. pratimanshi sambandhit eka samruddha itihas aanee vistrut dharmik pratikvad aahe. russian charchmadhye, nabh samanyatah abhayaranyapasun "iconostasis" yaa pratimanchya bhintidware vegale kele jaate.
ii. sha. 988 madhye purv roman (byzantine) samrajyatun orthodox khrishchan dharmat dharmantar jhalyanantar kivan rasmadhye pratimancha vapar aanee nirmiti jhaali. sarvasadharanpane, yaa chinhanni vaparadvare pavitra manalya olakhalya pratikruti aanee sutranche katekorpane palan kele, jyapaiki kahee sthirankamadhye ugam pavalya hotya. jasjasa kaal jaat gela, tasatase russian-visheshtah andrei rublev aanee dianesius-yanni itaratra itaratra konatyahi goshtichya palikade pratishthit prakar aanee shailincha shabdasangrah vistrut keela. 17 vya shatkapurvi russiamadhye paschim europeey dharmik kalechya vaiyaktik, aashadayak aanee sarjansheel paramparancha mothya pramanat abhav aahe, jevha sayman ushakovchya chitravar protestant tasech catholic europemadhil dharmik chitre aanee koreev kamancha jordar prabhav padala.
padala shatkachya madhyat, moscochya kulguru nicon yanni sthapan kelelya dharmik vidhee aanee pratheteel badalanmule russian orthodox charchmadhye phoot padali. paramparavadi, chhalalya gelelya 'junya vidhivadhyanni' kinwa 'junya shraddhavantanni', pratimanche paramparik shailikaran chaloo thewale, tarr rajya charchane tyachya prathet badal kele. tevhapasoon pratima keval paramparik shailibaddha aanee avastavik paddhatinech navhe tarr russian shailikaran aanee paschim european vastavadachya mishranane aanee paschim european paddhatine tyaa kalatil catholic dharmik kalepramanech rangvayala suruvat jhaali. stroganov shaala aanee nevianskmadhil pratima russian pratima-chitrakalechya shevatchya mahattvachya shalanmadhye sthan detat.
romania.
romniyamadhye, kachechya mage ulat pratima mhanoon rangavalelya aanee chaukatimadhye basavalelya pratima 19 vya shatkat samanya hotya aanee aajahi banvilya jaatat. yaa prakriyela reverse glass painting mhanatat. "transylvaniatil grameen bhagat, patalanvaril mahagadya pratima moldevia, valleshiya aanee emm. tii. yethoon aayat kelya jaatat. ethosachi jaaga haloohaloo kachevar sthanik patalivar tayar kelelya chhotya chinhanni ghetali, jyaa khoopach qamee mahag hotya aanee tyamule transylvaniatil transylvaniatil upalabdh hotya.
serbia.
sarbiyatil pratimanvishayichya sarvat pracheen aitihasik nondi nemanjik rajvanshachya kalatil aahet. 17 vya shatkapasoon 19 vya shatkaparyant kotarchya upasagarat serb pratimanchya ullekhaneey shalanpaiki eka sakriy hotee.
trogerussica mhanje "teen hatanche theotocos" heey serbian orthodox churchche sarvat mahatvache prateek aanee mount ethosache mukhya prateek aahe.
egypt aanee ethiopia.
alexandriachya coptic orthodox church aanee prachya orthodoxmadhyehi vishisht, jiwant pratima chitrakala parampara aahet. coptic pratimanche mool egyptchya pracheen kalatil hellenistic kalemadhye aahe, jyache udaharan fayam mummy potretdware dile jaate. chauthya shatkachya suruvatis, charchani tyanchya bhinti rangavalya aanee tyanchya shraddhechi assal abhivyakti pratibimbit karnyasathi pratima tayar kelya.
aleppo.
aleppo shaala hii pratima-chitrakalechi eka shaala hotee, jee pujari yusuf all-musavir (jyala joseph chitrakar mhanoonahi olakhale jaate) yanni sthapan kelee hotee aanee aleppomadhye sakriy hotee, jee tevha kiman 1645 teey 1777 darmyan ottoman samrajyacha eka bhag hotee.
pashchatya khrishchan.
jaree 'pratima' haah shabd samanyatah pashchatya khrishchan dharmat vaparla jaat nasla, taree asha dharmik kalakruti aahet jyaa mothya pramanat byzantine kalakrutinvar aadharit hotya aanee rachana aanee chitranat titkach paramparik hota. 13 vya shatkaparyant, pavitra aakrutinchya pratimansarkhi chitre purvekadil namunyanche anusaran karat hotee-jaree yaa suruvatichya kalapasoon phaar qamee lock tikoon aahet. italian udaharane italo-byzantine mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya shailit aahet. 
aahet shatkapasoon, pashchatya parampara haloohaloo aalee jyamule kalakarala adhik lavchikta aanee aakrutyambaddal adhik vastavadi drushtikon miloo shakala. jarr keval kushal kalakaranchi sankhya khoopach qamee asalyamule, patalchitranchya drushtine kalakrutinche praman pashchimet khoopach qamee hote aanee bahutek pashchatya paristhitinmadhye vedi mhanoon kinwa gharguti kholeet, bahudha orthodox "icon corner" chya vaishishtyapurn mothya sangrahanchya jaagi ekach diptich ubha hota.
keval 15 vya shatkat, crayton shaletoon mothya pramanat utpadit utpadit aayatisah, rangeet kalakrutinche utpadan purvekadil pataliparyant pohochu lagale. yaa shatkat, kagdavar junya mukhya chhapanchya parichayamule pashchimekadil pratimansarkhya chhayachitrancha vapar mothya pramanat vadhala, bahutek lakadi kaap mothya sankhyene tayar kele gele (jaree kvachitach kahee shillak rahile asale taree). teey bahutekda charchdware hatane rangavalele vikale jaat asat aanee sarvat lahan aakar (bahutekda fakt eka inch unch) agadi shetkari dekhil parvadat asat, jeey tyanna chikatvat asat kinwa saral bhintivar chikatvat asat.
sudharanansah, suruvatichya lutherananmadhil suruvatichya anishchitatenantar, jyanni pramukh sudharkanchi kahee pratima-sarkhi chitre kadhali aanee shastratil drushye rangavane suru thewale, protestant pratima-sarkhya chhayachitranchya, visheshtah mothya, agadi khristachya pratikrutinchya virodhat thampane utarale. anek protestantna heey murtipujak vatale.
catholic churchche drushya.
catholic charchane pratima sambandhit satvya vishvavyapi parishadeche aadesh sweekarle. tathapi, pratimanprati catholic drushtikonat aanee rudhivadi drushtikonat kahee kirkol farak aahe. gregory daad gret nantar, catholic 'garibanche baibal' mhanoon pratimanchya bhoomikevar jore detat, jyatoon jyanna vachata yet navhate teey tarihi shiku shakat hote.
tathapi, pratimapoojanachya babatit catholic dekhil rudhivadi lokanshi samaan drushtikon samayik karatat, assa vishvas balgatat qee jevha jevha jawal jaata yete tevha pavitra pratimancha aadar keela pahije. sapat lakadi puttle aanee tanalelya canvaschya chitrancha vapar karat asale taree, kaithalikanni paramparikaritya trimiteey murtichya swarupat pratima dekhil pasant kelya aahet, tarr purvet, murticha vapar khoopach qamee pramanat keela jaato.
lutheran drushya.
julai 1993 madhye helsinki yethe jhalelya lutheran-orthodox sanyukt aayogachya 7 vya purn adhiveshanat kelelya sanyukt lutheran-orthodox vidhanane khristache swaroop aanee pratimanchya pujavishayak vishvavyapi parishadechya nirnayanna punha pushti dileeh

