dongaravaril kaale dolhe

parvat black aay (zosterops emilia), jyala kadhikadhi olive black aay kinwa fakt black aay mhanoon sambodhale jaate, hii zosteropidae kutumbatil passerine pakshyachi eka prajati aahe. bornio betavaril sarvat unch parvatansathi heey sthanik aahe. betavaril malaysian rajye aanee paach indonesian prantanpaiki chaar prantanmadhun heey dnyat aahe, parantu bruneimadhye tyachi nond kadhich jhaleli nahee. samanyatah varchya unchivar aadhalanara dongral kaala dolha kadhikadhi dushkalachya kalat qamee unchivar jaato. chaar upprajati aahet, jyaa aakar aanee rangamadhye clinal bhinnata darshavtat. uttarekadil pakshi sarvat mothe, gadad aanee pramananusar lamb shepatiche asatat, tarr pudhe dakshinekade asalele pakshi lahan, fikat aanee pramananusar lahan shepatiche asatat. praudh gadad olive-green asatat, jyat tikshna-toke, chamakdar pivalya-naringi rangache biil aanee kalya rangala kalya rangala jodanara eka lahan gadad mukhavata asato. upprajati tyanchya pisanmadhye, visheshtah teey aanee khalchya bhaganvar vegvegalya pramanat pivala rung dakhavtat. lahan pakshi tyanchya palkansarkhe disatat, parantu tyanchi rangeet note qamee chamakdar asatat.
teey keetak, amrut, paragkan aanee lahan fale khatat aanee rhododendronchya anek prajatinche pramukh paragankarta aahe. pitcher-plant "nepenthes lovi" saha sahajeevi sambandhat too eka lahan bhagidar dekhil aahe. tyachya prajnan paryavaranavishayi phaar qamee mahitee aahe. tyache gharate heey mulapasoon banavalela uthal cup aahe aanee shevgyachya tukadyanni reshet aahe. maadee ekach andey dete aanee gharate ubavalyanantar 14-15 divas lagatat. international union phaur conservation auph necharne tyala sarvat qamee chintecha vishay asaleli prajati mhanoon soochibaddha kele aahe. jaree tyachi loksankhya mojali gelee nasali taree, tee tyachya bahutansh shreneet khoop samanya aahe.
vargikaran aanee paddhatshir.
richard boddler sharpne 1888 madhye uttar borniomadhil kinabalu parvatavar gola kelelya namunyacha vapar karoon dongaravaril kalya dolhyache varnan kele. tyane tyala 'chlorocaris emilia' asey naav dile, aanee tyala eka eka prajatichya vanshamadhye thewale jeey tyane yaa prajatisathi tayar kele. zosteropidae (pandhara-dolha) kutumbatil itar sadasyanshi tyache sambandh aspasht asalyane too eka shatkapeksha jaast kaal tyaa vanshat rahila. tathapi, 21 vya shatkachya suruvatila kelelya aanvik jatijanya abhyasatoon asey disun aale qee teey pratyakshat 'zusterops' vanshamadhye aaramat vasale hote, jyamule 'chlorocaris' laa tyaa mothya vanshat samavisht kele gele. jatijanya abhyasanni asey darshavile aahe qee tyacha borneochya sakhal bhagatil prajatinpeksha itar sunland betanvaril prajatinshi adhik jawalcha sambandh aahe.
chaar manyataprapt upprajati aahet. heey clinal bhinnata darshavtat. uttarekadil sarvat mothe, gadad aanee tulanene lamb shepatiche aahet, tarr dakshinekadil sarvat lahan, pivalya aanee tulanene lahan shepatiche aahet. mitochondrial dii. aine. aii. abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee hii prajati done vanshanmadhye vyavasthit vibhagali jaate, eka sabahmadhye aanee dusari saravakmadhye. sanshodhakanni asey siddha kele aahe qee done vanshanchi nirmiti nirmiti upprajati himnadiy ghatanandware vegalya jhalya hotya, jyaa jyaa kalapurvi playstocenechya madhyaparyant vegalya jhalya hotya.
zusterops' heey vansh naav pracheen greek shabd 'zuster' chey sanyojan aahe, jyacha arth 'kamarband' kinwa 'patta' aanee 'ops' mhanje 'dolha' assa hoto. emilia" heey prajatiche naav charles hose yaa ingraji nisargshastradnya aanee sangrahak yanchya patni emily hozchya smaranarth aahe. itar samanya navanmadhye olive black aay kinwa fakt black aay yancha samavesh hoto.
varnan.
dongral kaala dolha haah eka lahan pasareen aahe, jyachi lambi teey. itar bahutek bahutek dolhyanchya tulanet, teey mothe aanee lamb shepatiche asate. mojaleli ekmev dnyat vyakti (ling adnyat) vajan keleli. narr aanee maadee samanaritya pisare bandhale jaatat. namankit sharyatitil praudh, "emilia", dokyavar gadad olive-hirwa asato aanee varchya bhagavar hiravya rangacha kaala rung asato, visheshtah sharyativar. tyache khalche bhag kahise fikat pivalya rangache asatat, pivalya rangache asatat, visheshtah potachya madhyabhagi. tyat kaale aanee kaale dorr asatat, jeey pivalya kadyane kadaa asalela eka lahan gadad mukhavata tayar karnyasathi jodale jaatat. tyacha ghasa chamakdar pivala-hirwa aanee ghasa asato. tyachi bubul tapkiri asate aanee tyachi lamb, patal, tokdar, vakr nalee tapkiri aanee khalchya bajula chamakdar pivalya-naringi rangachi asate. tyache paay aanee paay gadad pivalya-tapkiri teey kaale, pivalya talvyansah asatat. jaree nistej rangachi note asali taree aparipakv pakshi praudhasarkha asato; haah samanyatah nistej naringi teey kaala asato.
trinite" hii upaprajati "emilia" sarkhich aahe, parantu ekandarit adhik chamakdar aanee adhik pivalya rangachi aahe. tyache pooat jawaljawal purnapane pivale asate aanee teey teey adhik pivale disate. fuciceps" hii upaprajati "emilia" peksha lahan aanee tulanene lahan shepatichi asate, jyachya mukutavar aanee kapalavar sepiya rung asato. tyache khalche bhag pivale asatat. moultoni" hii upaprajati "fuciseps" sarkhich aahe. heey upprajatinpaiki sarvat pivale aahe, jeey tyachya pisanmadhye adhik pivale disate; tyache khalche bhag gadad hiravya rangache asatat.
aavaj.
dongral kalya dolhyamadhye eka madhur gaane aahe, jeey vividh prakare 'vhit-tweet-tweet-sweet-sweet-tii' kinwa 'vervit-kukyutovio' mhanoon lipyantarit kele aahe. tyat eka lahan 'ttvo' dekhil gayale jaate. tyachya colpacky eka mhanje tikshna 'tweet'. tyache pankh udatana eka vishisht aavaj karatatah eka thartharnara 'trurt trurt', tarr tyacha uddan coll 'gujuguju' (lahan 'yuu' aavajasah) mhanoon lipyantarit keela jaato. tyat 'vaay-yuu', 'sivi-yuu' aanee 'aay-vayao' asey tighe purching coll aahet.
vitaran aanee adhivas.
dongral kaale dolhe heey borneochya unch parvatansathi sthanik aahe, jithe kinabalu, tambukon aanee trus maadee yaa betachya sarvat unch parvatanchya shikhar utaranvaril sarvat samanya pakshi aahe. too anek vilag khalchya parvatanvar dekhil aadhalato. heey donhi malaysian rajyanmadhye (sabah aanee saravak) aanee betavaril paach indonesian prantanpaiki chaar prantanmadhye (uttar kalimantan, purv kalimantan, madhya kalimantan aanee paschim kalimantan) aadhalate, parantu bruneimadhye kadhihi nondavale gele nahee. tyachya adhivasanmadhye prathamik varchya dongral jungle, shikharavaril zudup aanee galee vanaspatincha samavesh aahe. heey samanyatah varchya unchivar aadhalate, parantu dushkalachya kalat teey qamee unchivar jaau shakate.
paryavaran.
dongral kalya dolhyancha bahutansh jeevan itihas aanee paryavaranshastra sarvashrut nahee. hii prajati, sthalantarit halchalinshivay aahe. tyachi nirmiti kalavadhi 4.4 varshe asalyacha andaj aahe.
aahar.
dongral kaale dolhe amrut, paragkan, keetak (visheshtah survant, tilegole aanee bhring) aanee raspberries lahan berries khatat. tyachi sudharit jeebh asate-brashsarkhi toke asaleli nalikeey-jyamule tee sahajpane amrut piuu shakate. tee jaminipasoon chhatraparyant serve unchivar ann puravate, anekada lahan gatanmadhye chaara khato. teey "eugenia", "schema", "eliocarpus" aanee anek "rhododendron" prajatinchya fulanna bhet dete. abhyas asey soochit karatat qee teey "rhododendron buxifolium" chey eka mahattvache paragankarta asoo shakate; teey niyamitpane "rhododendron ericoids" aanee "rhododendron acuminatum" laa dekhil bhet dete. heey 'nepenthes lovi' yaa pitcher-vanaspatishi sahajeevi sambandhat adhunmadhun bhagidar aahe, jee borneosathi dekhil sthanik aahe. vanaspati tyachya picharchya jhakanavar menache strav tayar karate. jaree vruksh heey yaa sravanche prathamik grahak asale taree, dongral kaale dolhe dekhil tyat bhag ghetat, kadhikadhi teey asey kartana ghagaranmadhye shauch karatat. vruksh aanee pakshyanche mull vanaspatisathi poshak tatve puravatat; abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee kahee vanaspatinna tyanchya nitrogencha 57-100% prani malatoon midato. menache srav varshbhar tayar hott asalyane, jevha itar vanaspati fulanmadhye nasatat kinwa jevha keetak shodhane katheen asate tevha teey dongral kalya dolhyansathi eka mahattvacha ann srot tharoo shakatat.
prajnan.
parvatiy kalya dolhyanche prajnan paryavaran keval qamee dnyat aahe. februwari, march, juuna aanee septembermadhye tyachi prajnan hote. gharate haah eka uthal cup aahe joou mulapasoon aanee valalelya gavatapasoon banavala jaato aanee sporophytechya danda kinwa shevgyachya sanchachya reshet asato. teey sadharanpane sampoorn aakarat mojale jaate aanee samanyatah jaminichya aat asalelya leptospermamchya zadachya fandichya katyat bandhale jaate. maadee ekach andey dete aanee aanee andyala 14-15 divas lagatat. dongaravaril kaale dolhe prajnan karatat tyaa unchivaril qamee tapman aanee uchch aadrata patalimule, pakshi tyanchya kombadyala tyachya vikasachya suruvatilach ubavanyat barach vel ghalavatat, jevha teey swatachya sharirache tapman niyantrit karoo shakat naheet. yacha arth teey kombadyasathi ann khanyat qamee vel ghalavatat, jyamule tyachya vikasala vilamb hoto. jevha gharate prayogikaritya garam kelee jaat asat aanee pavsala tond dett jhakali jaat asat, tevha palak gharatyat qamee vel ghalvat asat, pillanche vajan vegane vadhat asey, pankhanche pankh lavkar vadhatat aanee lavkar ugavatat.
sthitee.
international union phaur conservation auph necharne parvatiy kalya dolhyala sarvat qamee chintechi prajati mhanoon moolyankan kele aahe. jaree teey shreni-pratibandhit asale taree, jaree pashchimatya loksankhya adhik sthanik asali taree tyachya bahutek shreneet teey khoop samanya aahe. tyachya ekoon loksankhyeche praman nishchit kele gele nahee, parantu pramukhyane adhivasacha naash aanee vikhandanamule teey qamee hott asalyache manale jaate. kinabalu udyan (jeey kinabalu aanee tambukon parvatanche sanrakshn karate) aanee croker rainz park (jeey kinabalu parvatachya sabhovatalachya bahutek kshetrache sanrakshn karate) yasah tyachya bahutansh parisarache sanrakshn udyane kinwa vann rakheev kshetranni kele aahe. tathapi, sanrakshanamule adhivas nasht hone aavashyak nahee, udaharanarth, trus maadee parvatavaril vann rakheev pradeshat mothya pramanat lagvadisathi parvanagi denyat aalee aahe.

