
keetak niyantran

keetak niyantran mhanje keetak mhanoon paribhashit kelelya prajatiche niyaman kinwa vyavasthapan; jase qee konatahi prani, vanaspati kinwa burshi jee manvi kriyakalapanvar kinwa paryavaranavar viparit parinam karate. manvi pratisad haah kelelya nukasanichya mahattvavar avalambun asato aanee too sahanshilatepasun, pratibandh aanee vyavasthapanadvare, kitakanche purnapane uchchatan karnyachya prayatnanparyant asel. keetak niyantran upay ekatmik keetak vyavasthapan dhoranacha bhag mhanoon kele jaau shakatat.
shetimadhye yantrik, sanskrutik, rasayanik aanee jaivik madhyamandvare kitakanna door thewale jaate. peranipurvi matichi nangarani aanee lagwad kelyane kitkancha boja qamee hoto aanee pikanchya ferbadlimule kitkanchya vishisht prajatinchi vaadh qamee honyas madat hote. paryavaranachi chinta karane mhanje itar paddhatinchya bajoone kitkanashakancha vapar maryadit karane. pikavar dekhrekh thevun, aavashyakatenusar kitakanashake lavoon aanee kitakanna pratikar karnari pike aanee jaatee vadhavun heey sadhya kele jaau shakate. jithe shakya asel tithe jaivik sadhanancha vapar keela jaato, kitkanchya naisargik shatrunna protsahan dile jaate aanee yogya shikari kinwa parjivi aanale jaatat.
ghare aanee shahari vatavaranat, keetak mhanje undeer, pakshi, keetak aanee itar jeev jeey manavansobat adhivas samayik karatat aanee jeey vastoo khatat aanee/kinwa kharab karatat. yaa kitkanvar niyantran thevanyacha prayatna, vagalane kinwa vilgikaran, pratikar, bhautikaritya kadhoon takane kinwa rasayanik madhyamandvare keela jaato. vaikalpikaritya, nirjantukikaran karyakramansah jaivik niyantranachya vividh paddhati vaparlya jaau shakatat.
itihas.
keetak niyantran heey kiman shetiitakech june aahe, kaaran pike kitakmukt thevanyachi nehmich garaj rahili aahe. ii. sha. puu. 3000 purvipasoon egyptmadhye, undiransarkhya dhanya sathyanchya kitkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi manjarincha vapar keela jaat hota. europemadhye ii. sha. puu. 1500 paryant mausar mhanoon vaparasathi ferretche sangopan karnyat aale. undeer aanee sapanvar niyantran thevanyasathi, bahudha pracheen egyptian lokanni, gharanmadhye mungus aanale hote.
paramparik paddhati bahudha sarvapratham vaparali gelee hotee, kaaran tann jaalun kinwa jopasoon nasht karane aanee mothya pratispardhi shakahari pranyanna marane tulanene sope aahe. peak aavartan, sahchar lagwad (jyala aantarpadarthachi kinwa mishra peak mhanoonahi olakhale jaate) aanee keetak-pratirodhak sanvargachya nivadak prajananasarkhya tantrancha dirgh itihas aahe.
rasayanik kitakanashake ii. sha. puu. 2500 chya sumaras pahilyanda vaparali gelee, jevha sumerian lock kitakanashake mhanoon gandhak sanyuge vaparat asat. colorado batata bhring united statesmadhye pasarlyamule aadhunik keetak niyantranala chalana midali. byanch charchenantar, bhrungavar niyantran thevanyasathi arsenical sanyuge vaparali gelee aanee manvi loksankhyemadhye vishbadha honyacha andaj vartavala gela nahee. yamule sampoorn khandat kitakanashakanchi vyapak sweekruti honyacha marg mokala jhaala. 18vya aanee 19vya shatkat shetiche audhyogikikaran aanee yantrikikaran aanee pyrethram aanee derris yaa kitkanashakanchya vaparamule rasayanik keetak niyantran vyapak jhaale. 20vya shatkat, dii. dii. tii. aanee vanaushadhi yansarkhya anek krutrim kitkanashakanchya shodhamule yaa vikasala chalana midali.
kitkanashakanchya manavanvaril hanikarak dushparinamanmule aata naveen paddhatincha vikas jhaala aahe, jase qee qee kitakanchi punarutpadan karanyachi kshamata kadhoon taknyasathi kinwa tyanna qamee trasdayak banavanyasathi tyanchya vartanat badal karnyasathi jaivik niyantranacha vapar. jaivik niyantran pahilyanda chinmadhye sumare ii. sha. 300 madhye nondavale gele, jevha vinkar mungya, "ecophila smragdina" chya vasahati, bhring aanee survantanvar niyantran thevanyasathi jaanunbujun limbuvargiy lagvadimadhye thevalya gelya. pracheen guha kalet darshavilyapramane, chinmadhye ii. sha. puu. 4000 chya sumaras, bhatshetimadhye badakancha vapar keetak khanyasathi keela jaat asey. 1762 madhye, toldhad niyantrit karnyasathi maurishasmadhye eka bharatiy maina aananyat aala aanee tyach velee, burmyatil limbuvargiy zadanna bamboone jodanyat aale jenekarun mungya tyanchya darmyan jaau shaktil aanee survantanvar niyantran thevanyas madat hoil. 1880 chya dashakat, californiatil limbuvargiy lagvadimadhye alya kitkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi ladybirdcha vapar keela jaat asey aanee tyanantar itar jaivik niyantran prayog kele jaat hote. dii. dii. tii. yaa swast aanee prabhavi sanyugane jaivik niyantran prayoganna prabhavipane aala ghatala. 1960 chya dashkaparyant, rasayananchya pratikar aanee paryavaranachya hanichya samasya udbhavu lagalya aanee jaivik niyantranache punarujjivan jhaale. jaree 20 vya shatkachya akheris paramparik aanee jaivik keetak niyantranat navyane ruchi vikasit jhaali aanee aajahi suru aahe, taree rasayanik keetak niyantran haah aajahi keetak niyantranacha pramukh prakar aahe.
shetimadhye.
niyantran paddhati.
jaivik keetak niyantran.
jaivik keetak niyantran hii keetak aanee sukshmajivansarkhya kitkanvar itar jivancha vapar karoon niyantran thevanyachi eka paddhat aahe. heey shikar, parjivivad, shakahari, parjivi kinwa itar naisargik yantrananvar avalambun asate, parantu tyat samanyatah sakriy manvi vyavasthapanachi bhoomika dekhil samavisht asate. shastriy jaivik niyantranamadhye prayogshalet prajnan kelelya aanee vatavaranat sodalya gelelya kitkanchya naisargik shatruncha parichay hoto. eka paryayi marg mhanje ekhadya vishisht bhagat udbhavananya naisargik shatrunna eka tarr lahan, varanvarchya tukadyanmadhye kinwa ekach mothya pramanat sodanyatun adhik sodane. aadarshpane, mukt jhalela jeev prajnan karel aanee tickel aanee dirghakalin niyantran pradan karel. jaivik niyantran haah ekatmik keetak vyavasthapan karyakramacha eka mahattvacha ghatak asoo shakato.
udaharanarth, dasanna anekada 'beaty basilus thuringiensis' ess. ess. pii. ghaloon niyantrit kele jaate. "isrelensis" haah eka jivanu aahe joou sthanik jalsrotanmadhye dasanchya alyanna sankramit karato aanee marto. 
sanskrutik niyantran.
yantrik keetak niyantran mhanje hatanni chalanari tantre tasech sadhee upkarane aanee upkarane yancha vapar, jee vanaspati aanee kitkanmadhye snrakshak adthala nirman karate. yala nangarani asey sambodhale jaate aanee hii tann niyantranachi sarvat junie paddhat aahe tasech keetak niyantranasathi upayukt aahe; wireworm, samanya click beetalche alya, navyane nangarlelya gavatal pradeshatil atishay vidhvansak keetak aahet aanee varanvar lagwad kelyane teey pakshi aanee tyanna khanare itar shikari yanchya samparkat yetat.
peak aavartan kitakanna tyanchya yazman vanaspatinpasun vanchit thevun tyanchyavar niyantran thevanyas madat karoo shakate. makyachya mulkrumeenchya niyantranatil hii eka pramukh yukti aahe aanee tyamule colorado batate bhrunganchya suruvatichya hangamatil ghatana 95 takkyanni qamee jhalya aahet.
sapala pikavane.
sapala peak heey vanaspatiche eka peak aahe jeey kitakanna aakarshit karate aanee tyanna jawalchya pikanpasoon door karate. sapalyachya pikavar ektrit kelelya kitkanvar kitakanashake kinwa itar paddhatincha vapar karoon adhik sahajpane niyantran thevata yete. tathapi, kitkanashakancha vapar naan karata, kitkanchya mukhya shetat parat pasarnyachya kshamatemule, swatahun sapala pikane, mothya vyavsayik pramanavaril kitakanchi ghanata prabhavipane qamee karnyat anekada ayashasvi tharale aahe.
kitakanashake.
kitakanashake shetee vimanandware, tractor-aarohit peak favarani yantrandvare, aadhunik vimanandware havai favaranidvare kinwa kitkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi biyane sajavanyasathi pikanvar vaparali jaatat. tathapi, kitkanashkandware yashasvi niyantran sope nahee; yogya rachana nivadane aavashyak aahe, vel anekada mahattvachi asate, vapar karanyachi paddhat mahattvachi asate, pikache purese aavaran aanee sathavan aavashyak asate. lakshyit kitkanchya naisargik shatruncha vadh qamee keela pahije. heey visheshtah asha deshanmadhye mahatvache aahe jithe lagwad pikanchya aaspaschya grameen bhagat kitakanche naisargik sathya aanee tyanche shatru aahet aanee teey najuk santulanamadhye saha-astitvat aahet. byanchdaa alp-vikasit deshanmadhye, pike sthanik paristhitishi changlya prakare julavun ghetali jaatat aanee kitakanashakanchi aavashyakta nasate. jethe purogami shetkari pikanche sudharit prakar pikavanyasathi khatancha vapar karat aahet, tethe teey kitkanchya hanisathi adhik sanvedanshil asatat, parantu kitkanashakancha andadhund vapar dirghkalasathi hanikarak tharoo shakato.
rasayanik kitakanashakanchi parinamkarakta kalantarane qamee hott jaate. yache kaaran asey qee prarambhik vaparat tikoon rahnyas vyavasthapit karnara konatahi jeev tyachi januke tyachya santatimadhye pathvel aanee eka pratirodhak taana vikasit hoil. asha prakare, kahee sarvat gambhir kitakanni pratikarshakti vikasit kelee aahe aanee tyanchya purvajanna marnyasathi vaparlya jaananya kitakanashakanni tyanna aata marle jaat nahee. yamule rasayanik padarthanchi jaast sandrata, adhik varanvar vapar aanee adhik mahag formulationkade vatchal aavashyak aahe.
kitakanashake kitakanna marnyasathi tayar kelee jaatat, parantu anekanche lakshya nasalelya prajatinvar hanikarak parinam hotat; madhmashi, ekaki madhmashi aanee itar paragan karananya kitakanna honare nuksan hii vishesh chintechi baab aahe aanee yaa sandarbhat, favarani lagoo karanyachi divasachi vel mahattvachi asoo shakate. madhmashyanvar honanya parinamanmule kahee deshanmadhye mothya pramanat vaparlya jaananya neonicotinoidsvar fulanchya pikanvar bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe. kahee kitakanashake manavanmadhye karkarog aanee itar aarogya samasya nirman karoo shakatat, tasech vanyajivansathi hanikarak asoo shakatat. satat qamee patalichya kinwa adhunmadhun honanya samparkat aalyanantar lagech tivra parinam kinwa junat parinam houu shakatat. khadyapadarth aanee pashukhadyatil kitkanashkansathichya avasheshanchya kamal maryada anek rashtrandvare nishchit kelya jaatat.
shikar.
kitakanche pranyanna-samanyatah lahan teey madhyam aakarache jangali kinwa jangali sastan prani kinwa shete, kurane kinwa itar manvi vasahatinjavalachya paryavaraniy thikani rahana pakshyanna-sharirikaritya shodhanyasathi, marnyasathi aanee tyaa bhagatoon kadhoon taknyasathi manvi shikari kinwa sapalyanna niyukt karoon keetak niyantran sadhya kele jaau shakate. keetak mhanoon olakhale jaanare marle gelele prani, lakshya kele jaau shakatat kaaran teey krishi pike, pashudhan kinwa suvidhansathi hanikarak manale jaatat; teey poshak kinwa vahak mhanoon kaam karatat jeey prajatinmadhye kinwa manavanmadhye rogjanak prasarit karatat; kinwa itar asurakshit prajati aanee parisansthanche sanrakshn karnyache sadhan mhanoon loksankhya niyantranasathi.
serve prakarchya kapanipramanech, shikaradvare keetak niyantranamule lakshya kelelya jivanvar krutrim nivadak dabav aanala aahe. tarr warmint shikar hii sambhavyapane ichchit vartanukitil aanee jansankhyikiy badalansathi nivad aahe (udaa.jee. manvi loksankhya asaleli kshetre, pike aanee pashudhan) talhanare prani, yamule lakshyit prani jalad punarutpadak chakransathi julavun ghenyasarkhe anpekshit parinam dekhil houu shakatat.
vanikaran.
vann keetak eka lakshaniy samasya nirman karatat kaaran chhatraparyant pohochane aanee kitkanchya sankhyevar laksh thevane sope nasate. yavyatirikt, saal bhrungasarkhya vanasamvardhan kitakanna, tyanchya mool shrenitil naisargik shatrundware niyantranat thewale jaate, tyanna naisargik shikari nasalelya thikani kapalelya lakadatoon mothya antaravar nele jaau shakate, jyamule tyanna vyapak aarthik nuksan houu shakate. chhatratil kitkanchya sankhyevar laksh thevanyasathi ferromone sapale vaparale gele aahet. heey asthir rasayne sodatat jee purushanna aakarshit karatat. ferromone sapale kitakanche aagman shodhu shakatat kinwa vanpalanna udrekababat satark karoo shakatat. udaharanarth, spruce budworm, spruce aanee balsam farcha vinashkari keetak, canadachya jangalanmadhye anek dashakanpasun ferromon trap vaparoon nirikshan kele jaat aahe. nyu bransviksarkhya kahee pradeshanmadhye, kidyanchya sankhyevar niyantran thevanyasathi aanee udrekadarmyan honare nuksan talhanyasathi jangalatil bhaganvar kitakanashakanchi favarani kelee jaate.
ghare aanee shaharanmadhye.
anek avanchhit prani nivasi imarati, audhyogik sthale aanee shahari bhagat bhet detat kinwa tyanche ghar banavtat. kahee annapadarth dooshit karatat, lakadi sanrachaneche nuksan karatat, kapad chaghalatat kinwa sathavalelya koradya vastoonna sansarg karatat. kahijan mothe aarthik nuksan karatat, itar rog vahoon netat kinwa aagicha dhoka nirman karatat aanee kahee keval eka upadrav aahet. swachchata aanee kachara niyantran sudharane, adhivasat badal karane aanee vikarshak, vaadh niyamak, sapale, kuchkam aanee kitakanashake vaparoon yaa kitkanvar niyantran thevanyacha prayatna keela gela aahe.
samanya paddhati.
bhautik keetak niyantran.
bhautik keetak niyantranamadhye keetak aanee kruntkansarkhya kitakanna adkavane kinwa marane samavisht aahe. aitihasikdrushtya, sthanik lock kinwa paise deuun under pakadana lokanni kutre aanee sapalyancha vapar karoon undiranna pakadale aanee marle. deshantargat staravar, masha adakavanyasathi chikat flypaperscha vapar keela jaato. mothya imaratinmadhye, kitakanna aakarshit karnyasathi ferromon, krutrim asthir rasayne kinwa atinil prakash yasarkhya madhyamancha vapar karoon keetak adakavale jaau shakatat; kahinna marnyasathi chikat aadhar kinwa vidyut charge grid asato. gondboardcha vapar kadhikadhi jiryanvar dekhrekh thevanyasathi aanee undeer pakadanyasathi keela jaato. undaranna yogyaritya vedhalelya vasant rutuchya sapalyandvare marle jaau shakate aanee sthalantarasathi pinjaryachya sapalyanmadhye pakadale jaau shakate. imaratinchya aat undirandware vaparale jaanare marg sthapit karnyasathi talcum powder kinwa 'tracking powder' chaa vapar keela jaau shakato aanee sanrachanatmak lakadatil bhring shodhanyasathi dhwanik upkaranancha vapar keela jaau shakato.
aitihasikdrushtya, keetak niyantranasathi vaparali jaanari prathamik paddhati mhanje banduka. "garden gunn" yaa gulgulit booar shotgun aahet jyaa visheshtah. 22 caliber saap shaut kinwa 9 miimii flobbert phayar karnyasathi banvilya jaatat aanee samanyatah bagayatdar aanee shetkari saap, undeer, pakshi aanee itar kitkansathi vapartat. garden gunn hii qamee pallyachi shastre aahet jee 15 teey 20 yardanchya palikade thodishi haanee karoo shakatat aanee manak darugolyachya tulanet, sapane golya zadalyavar tee tulanene shant asatat. yaa banduka kothar aanee kotharanchya aat visheshtah prabhavi asatat, kaaran sapane marlelya golimule chhappar kinwa bhintinmadhye chhidra padat naheet kinwa sarvat mahattvache mhanje, richochene pashudhan jakhami hott nahee. vimantal, godame, sathavanuk ityadi thikani keetak niyantranasathi dekhil tyancha vapar keela jaato.
sarvat samanya shaut kadtuse mhanje. 22 lamb raifal jyamadhye #12 shaut bharalela asato. sumare sumare, jeey jastit jaast prabhavi shreni aahe, tyaa antaravar, namuna pramanit rayfalchya vyasacha aahe. marlin model 25 milligram sarkhya vishesh smoothboar shotgun,. 22 doubleu. emm. aar. shotshells vaparoon 15 kinwa 20 yardanparyant prabhavi namune tayar karoo shakatat, jeey 1/8 auns dharan karatat. plasticchya capsulemadhye asalelya #12 shotchi.
vishari chaara.
undeer, under, pakshi, garud, gogalgay, mungya, telgus aanee itar kitkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi vishari chaara hii eka samanya paddhat aahe. moolbhut daane kinwa itar rachnet, lakshyit prajatisathi ann aakarshak aanee yogya vish asate. mungya hyanna, haloohaloo kaam karananya vishachi aavashyakta asate jenekarun kamgaranna too padarth vasahatit parat nenyasathi vel milel aanee mashansathi, aanakhi undy ghalane aanee upadrav talhanyasathi eka jalad kaam karnara padarth. galbal aanee gogalgayanchya kusheet anekada mollskide metaldehyde asate, jeey mulansathi aanee gharguti paliv pranyansathi dhokadayak asate.
1885 madhye scientific americanmadhye aalelya eka lekhat kakadichya tajya salancha vapar karoon kombadyachya sansargala prabhavipane door karnyache varnan kele aahe.
warferincha vapar paramparikpane undiranna marnyasathi keela jaato, parantu anek loksankhyene yaa anticoagulantla pratikar vikasit keela aahe aanee defenacomchi jaaga ghetali jaau shakate. heey sanchit vish aahet, jyasathi chaara kendranna niyamitpane varr chadhavane aavashyak asate. landge aanee shikari pakshyansarkhya pranyanna marnyasathi vishari mansacha vapar shatkanushatke keela jaat aahe. vishari mrutdeh matra keval lakshyit prajatich navhe tarr vividh prakarchya ganj khavayyanna maratat. under aanee itar pikanchya kitkanchya tivra vishbadha jhalelya kalavadhinantar israyalmadhil raptor jawaljawal nasht jhaale.
dhumadi.
lakud-boaring bhrungansarkhya kitakanna bund karoon kinwa tambusarkhya vayurodhi aavaranane tyachya bhovati thevun aanee drav kitakanashakanni dirgh kalavadhisathi, samanyatah 24-72 tasansathi dhund bharoon marnyasathichya sanrachanevar fumigation haah upchar aahe. heey mahag aanee gairsoyiche aahe kaaran hii rachana upcharadarmyan vaparali jaau shakat nahee, parantu tee kitkanchya jivanachya serve tappyanna lakshya karate.
eka paryayi, avkash upchar mhanje, baher kadhanyashivay kinwa vayurodhi seal naan karata imaratichya aat drav kitaknashak vatavaranat pasaravanyasathi dhuke kinwa dhund, jyamule imaratichya aat bahutek kaame suru rahoo shakatat, qamee pravesh kharchane. sampark kitakanashake samanyatah dirghakalin avashesh parinam qamee karnyasathi vaparali jaatat.
nirjantukikaran.
nirjantukikaran jhalelya vyaktinchya sutakemule keetak kitakanchi sankhya kadhikadhi lakshaniyaritya qamee kelee jaau shakate. yamadhye kitakanche mothya pramanat sangopan karane, ksh-kiran kinwa itar konatyahi margane tyache nirjantukikaran karane aanee tyala jangali loksankhyemadhye sodane yancha samavesh hoto. jethe maadee fakt ekdach sangopan karate aanee jethe keetak mothya pramanat pasarat nahee, tethe heey visheshtah upayukt aahe. heey tantra naveen jaagtik screw-verm mashee, setse mashichya kahee prajati, ushnakatibandhiy phal mashee, gulabi bollworm aanee codeling moth yansarkhya itaranviruddha yashasviritya vaparale gele aahe.
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila yuu-5897 (3-chloro-1,2-propanediol) saha kelelya prayogshaletil abhyasancha under niyantranasathi prayatna keela gela, jaree teey ayashasvi tharale. 2013 madhye, newyork shaharane vandhyikaran sapalyanchi chachani kelee, jyamule undaranchya sankhyet 43 takke ghat disun aalee. august 2016 madhye united states paryavaran sanrakshn sansthene undiranchya nirjantukikaranasathi utpadan contrapestla manyata dilee hotee.
insulation.
mungya, jirya, valvi aanee itar sarkhya swayam-sanvardhanachya kitkansathi yantrik marnara ghatak sadhya karnyasathi boron, eka dnyat kitaknashak, vishisht patalyanvar cellulose insulationchya kagadi tantumadhye antarbhut kele jaau shakate. sanrachanechya chaukatimadhye aanee bhintinmadhye insulationchi bharr padalyane, majboot aushnik lifafa aanee dhwanik aavaj-radd karnyachya gunadharmansarkhya dnyat insulation fayadhyanvyatirikt samanya kitkanvar niyantran miloo shakate. eae. pii. aii. sanyukt rajyanmadhye yaa prakarchya samanya-vapar kitakanashakanche niyaman karate, jyamule teey ekatmik keetak vyavasthapan karyakramacha bhag mhanoon keval parvanadharak keetak vyavasthapan vyavsayikandvare vikale aanee sthapit kele jaau shakate. keval insulationmadhye boron kinwa eae. pii. aii. nondanikrut kitaknashak jodane heey kitaknashak mhanoon patra tharat nahee. matra aanee paddhati kaljipurvak niyantrit aanee dekhrekh kelee gelee pahije.
vishisht kitkansathichya paddhati.
undeer niyantran.
shahari undeer niyantran.
shaharanmadhye undiranvar niyantran thevane mahattvache aahe. 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila newyork shahar aanee rajyabharatil shaharanni tyanchi undiranchi sankhya lakshaniyaritya qamee kelee. reo dii janeiro dawa karato qee tyanantarchya 2 varshant 80 takke ghat jhaali. adhik changlya lakshyit prayatnansathi, londonne 1972 madhye loksankhyeche vaidnyanik sarvekshan suru kele aanee heey itake upayukt hote qee ingland aanee velsmadhil serve sthanik adhikaanyaanee lavkarach anusaran kele.
naisargik kruntak niyantran.
anek vanyajeev punarvasan sanstha, vagalane aanee shikarichya pathimbyadvare aanee duyyam vishbadha purnapane rokhoon, undeer niyantranachya naisargik prakarala protsahan detat. united states paryavaran sanrakshn sansthene nauu kruntukanashkansathichya prastavit jokhim qamee karnyachya nirnayat namood kele aahe qee "samanya kruntakansathi qamee aakarshak kshetra banavanyasathi adhivasat badal kelyashivay, nirmulan dekhil naveen loksankhyela adhivas punha vasahat karnyapasoon rokhanar nahee."united stateschya paryavaran sanrakshn sansthene naisargik undeer niyantranasathi aanee nivasi bhagat surakshitpane adakanyasathi aanee tyanantar janglala sodanyasathi margdarshak tattve vihit kelee aahet. lock kadhikadhi vikarshak vaparoon undiranche nuksan maryadit karnyacha prayatna karatat. ebis balsamiya' yaa zadatil balsam phiir teel heey eae. pii. aii. manyataprapt vishari nasalele kruntak vikarshak aahe. "babool polikantha" up-spu. "campilacantha" mule rasayanik sanyuge utsarjit hotat jee undaransah pranyanna door karatat.
kotharatil keetak.
bhoomadhyasagariy peeth patang, bharatiy khadya patang, cigaret bhring, aushadhanchya dukanache bhring, gondhalalela peeth bhring, laal peeth bhring, vyapari dhanya bhring, kathache daat asalele dhanya bhring, gavhache aloo, makyache aloo aanee tandalachya aloosah keetak kitakanni peeth, trunadhanya aanee pasta yasarkhe korade ann sathavale.
gharat, sankramit aadhalalelya khadyapadarthanchi sahasa nasadhus kelee jaate aanee ashee utpadane seelband containermadhye sathavalyane samasya punha udbhavanyapasun rokhata yete. yaa kitakanchi undy laksh naan deta jaanyachi shakyata asate, alya haah jivanacha vinashkari tappa asato aanee praudh haah sarvat lakshaniy tappa asato. kitakanashake annajaval vaparane surakshit naslyamule, chaar divas gothavane kinwa ardha taas baking yasarkhya paryayi upcharanni upasthit asalele konatehi keetak nasht kele pahijet.
kapade patang.
kapadyanchya patanganche alya (pramukhyane 'tiniola biselela' aanee 'tinia pellionela') kapad aanee galiche khatat, visheshtah jeey sathavale jaatat kinwa matiche asatat. praudh maadee lokar, resheem aanee phara yasah naisargik tantu tasech kapus aanee tagachya mishrananvar undy ghalatat. vikasit honare alya snrakshak jaali firavatat aanee kapadashi chaghalatat, jyamule vishtheche chhidra aanee thipke tayar hotat. nuksan bahudha lapavalelya thikani, collerkhali aanee kapadyanchya silanjaval, asbabatil putt aanee farkanmadhye aanee galichyachya kathanvar tasech furniturekhali kendrit asate. niyantranachya paddhatinmadhye sathavanukisathi, kapadyanchi niyatkalik swachchata, phoos, gothavane, garam karane aanee rasayanancha vapar karnyasathi vayurodhi container vaparane samavisht aahe; mothballmadhe 1,4-dichlorobenzinsarkhe asthir keetak vikarshak asatat jeey praudhanna rokhatat, parantu alya marnyasathi, permethrin, pyrethroids kinwa itar kitakanashake vaparanyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate.
carpet bhring.
carpet bhring heey dermestiday kutumbatil sadasya aahet aanee praudh bhring heey amrut aanee parag khatat, tarr alya hii ghare, godame aanee sangrahalaye yanmadhil vidhvansak keetak aahet. teey lokar, resheem, chamade, phara, kesanchya brushche bristals, paliv pranyanche cases, pankh aanee sangrahalayache namune yasah pranijanya utpadane khatat. teey lapalelya thikananna sankramit karatat aanee kapadyanchya patanganpeksha kapadyanchya mothya bhaganna khau shakatat, jyamule malmutra aanee tapkiri, pokal, kurkurit disana cast tvacheche thipke mage rahatat. sansarganche vyavasthapan katheen aahe aanee teey shakya asel tithe vagalane aanee swachchata yavar aadharit aahe, aavashyak asalyas kitkanashakancha avalamb karane. bhring baheroon aat yeu shakatat aanee alya lintche tukade, dhool aanee vacuum cleanerchya pishavyanchya aat jagoo shakatat. godame aanee sangrahalayanmadhye, yogya pheromones chikat sapale samasya olakhanyasathi vaparale jaau shakatat aanee garam karane, gothavane, prushthbhagavar kitakanashakanchi favarani karane aanee yogyaritya lagoo kelyavar dhoomrakan kitakanna martil. sanvedanshil vastoo swachchh vayurodhi containermadhye thevun tyanche hallyapasoon sanrakshn kele jaau shakate.
pustaki krumee.
pustakanvar kadhikadhi telegu maase, chandiche maase, pustakanche sukshmajiv, pustaki uva aanee aavaran, kagad, bandhani aanee gond khanare vividh bhring hallah karatat. teey lahan chhidranchya swarupat tasech tyanchya vishthevaril daganchya swarupat sharirik nuksan mage sodatat. pustakanchya kitkanmadhye larder beatle aanee black carpet beetalche alya aanee aushadhanchya dukanatil beatle yancha samavesh hoto jeey chamadyane bandhalelya pustakanvar hallah karatat, tarr samanya kapadyanche patang aanee tapkiri gharche patang kapadyanchya bandhanivar hallah karatat. heey halle mukhyatve aitihasik pustakanchya babatit eka samasya aahet, kaaran aadhunik pustak bandhani sahitya yaa prakarchya nukasanas qamee sanvedanshil asate.
hallyache purave pustakachya dhoolichya chhotya dhigaaon aanee tagachya thinagichya swarupat aadhalu shakatat. nuksan mankyat, prushthanchya prakshepit kadaa aanee aavaranat kendrit asoo shakate. hallyacha pratibandh qamee aadratesah pustake thund, swachchh, koradya sthiteet thevanyavar avalambun asato aanee adhunmadhun tapasani kelee pahije. dirghkal gothvoon upchar karata yetat, parantu kahee kitakanchi undy atishay pratirodhak asatat aanee qamee tapmanat dirghkal tiku shakatat.
bhring.
bostrichoidia super famillymadhil vividh bhring, gharanmadhye sanrachanatmak lakud mhanoon aanee furniture banavanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya koradya, anubhavi lakadavar hallah karatat. bahutek prakarananmadhye, alyach nuksan karatat; tyaa lakadachya baheroon adrushya asatat parantu vastoochya aateel lakadavar chaghalat asatat. yachee udaharane mhanje, ghatt lakadachya sapaudavar hallah karnare powderpost bhring aanee plywoods mauu lakadavar hallah karnare furniture bhring. praudh bhrunganni baher padnyaparyant nuksan aadhich jhaale aahe, tyanchya mage vyavasthit goal chhidre sodoon. jevha khurchicha paay tutato kinwa sanrachanatmak lakadacha tukada guhet ghusato tevha gharmalkala bhrunganchya nuksanibaddal pahilyanda mahitee asate. bandhkamat kinwa furniturechya utpadanat lakadacha vapar karnyapurvi rasayanik upchar karoon pratibandh keela jaato.
valvi.
gharanchya jawal vasahati asalele valvi tyanchya dalanancha vistar bhoomigat karoo shakatat aanee gharanmadhye pravesh karnyasathi matichya nalya banavoo shakatat. keetak najarepasoon door rahatat aanee sanrachanatmak aanee sajavatichya lakadatoon tyancha marg chaghalatat, prushthbhagache thurr tasech putthya, plastic aanee insulation samgridvare abadhit thevatat. jevha pankhanche keetak vasant rutumadhye gharat disatat aanee gardi karatat tevha tyanchi upasthiti spasht houu shakate. prashikshit vyavsayikadvare sanrachananchi niyamit tapasani kelyane nuksan lakshaniy honyapurvi valvichi kriya shodhanyat madat houu shakate.valvichi tapasani aanee dekhrekh karane mahatvache aahe kaaran valviche allots (pankhanche punarutpadak) nehmich sanrachanechya aat gardi karoo shakat naheet. niyantran aanee nirmulan heey eka vyavsayik kaam aahe jyamadhye imaratitoon kitakanna vagalanyacha prayatna karane aanee aadhich upasthit asalelyanna thaar marnyacha prayatna karane samavisht aahe. maatee-lagoo drav valunashak eka rasayanik adthala pradan karatat jeey valoo imaratinmadhye pravesh karnyapasoon rokhatat aanee pranghatak pitancha vapar keela jaau shakato; heey kitakanna charanadware khalle jaatat aanee gharatyat parat nele jaatat aanee vasahatichya itar sadasyansah samayik kele jaatat, jeey haloohaloo qamee hote.
daas.
daas heey kulisiday kutumbatil madhyam aakarache masha aahet. bahutek prajatinchya maadee rakt khatat aanee kahee maleria aanee itar rogansathi vahak mhanoon kaam karatat. aitihasikdrushtya teey dii. dii. tii. aanee itar rasayanik madhyamanchya vaparadvare niyantrit kele gele aahet, parantu yaa kitakanashakanche pratikool paryavaraniy parinam lakshat aale asalyane, niyantranachya itar sadhanancha prayatna keela gela aahe. keetak prajnan karnyasathi panyavar avalambun asatat aanee daldaliche paanee kadhoon aanee ubhe paanee sathavane qamee karoon sambhavya prajnan sthale qamee karane hii niyantranachi pahili paddhat aahe. itar paddhatinmadhye maase kinwa itar shikari pranyanchya vaparadvare alyanche jaivik niyantran, anuvanshik niyantran, rogjankancha parichay, vaadh-niyamak samprerak, ferromonsche prakashan aanee dasanna adkavane yancha samavesh hoto.
havai kshetranmadhye.
pakshi heey vimanasathi eka motha dhoka aahet, parantu tyanna havai kshetrapasun door thevane katheen aahe. anek paddhatincha shodh ghenyat aala aahe. aashcharyakarak pakshyanna aashcharyachakit karnare padarth asalela chaara pajanyacha prayatna keela gela aahe aanee matichya upcharadvare gandool aanee itar aprushthavanshi pranyanchi sankhya qamee karoon havai kshetravaril tyanchi sankhya qamee karane shakya aahe. ghas kapani karnyaivaji havai kshetravar lamb thevun dene haah pakshyansathi eka pratibandhatmak upay dekhil aahe. dhwani jaalichi chachani kelee jaat aahe; heey asey aavaj nirman karatat jeey pakshyanna vichalit karnare vatatat aanee pakshyanna prabhavit bhagapasoon door thevanyasathi prabhavi vatatat.
margdarshak tattve aanee kayade.
vaparasathi parvanagi asalelya paddhati aanee kitakanashake aanee rasayne sathavanyachya paristhitisambandhi margdarshak tattve aanee kayade deshanusar badaltat, bahutekda pratyek rajya pradeshadvare kayade kele jaatat.
austreliya.
austreliyacha rajdhani pradesh (kayada).
paryavaran sanrakshn kayada 1997
dakshin austreliya.
kitaknashak niyam 2003 niyantrit padarth kayada 1984 chya anusarene
victoriya.
aarogya (keetak niyantran) niyam 2002 aarogya kayada 1958 chya anusar
paschim austreliya.
aarogya (kitaknashak) niyam 2011 aarogya kayada 1911 chya anushangane
bharat.
kitakanashake kayada 1968
maleshiya.
kitaknashak kayada 1974
singapur.
vahak aanee kitakanashakanche niyantran kayada
united kingdam.
kitkanmule honare nuksan pratibandh kayada 1949