overhead projector

overhead projector (bahutekda oo. etch. pii. mhanoon sankshipt), chitrapat kinwa slide projectorpramane, screenver mothee pratima prakshepit karnyasathi prakashacha vapar karato, jyamule lahan dastaivaj kinwa chitra mothya prekshakansah samayik kele jaau shakate.
overhead projectormadhye, pratimecha srot pardarshak plastic filmche prushth-aakarache patrak (jyala 'foil' kinwa 'pardarshakta' asehi mhanatat) asate, jyat pratima mudrit kinwa hatane lihileli/rekhatali jaate. heey prakshepkachya kachechya thalivar thewale jaatat, jyachya khalee prakashacha srot asato aanee tyachya varr prakshepit aarsa aanee lains assembly asate (mhanoon, "overhead"). video projectorchya aagmanapurvi tyancha shikshan aanee vyavasayat mothya pramanat vapar keela jaat hota.
optical pranali.
overhead projector slide projectorpramanech tyach tattvavar kaam karato, jyamadhye eka foaksing lains pradipta slidemadhun prakshepan screenver prakash prakshepit karate jithe vastavik pratima tayar hote. tathapi, vaparlelya pardarshaktechya mothya aakaramule (samanyatah mudrit prushthacha aakar) aanee pardarshakta samore thevanyachi aavashyakta (aanee prastutkartyala vachaniy) yamule kahee farak aavashyak aahet. nantarchya uddeshasathi, prakash pranali aadvya dishene dumadanyasathi prakshepkamadhye foaksing lenschya agadi aadhi kinwa nantar aarsa samavisht asato. too aarsa pratimeche ulatya swarupache chitran dekhil purn karato, jenekarun padadyavar prakshepit keleli pratima, tyaa aarshatil pratimeaivaji, khalee khalee prastutkartyane pahilelya slideshy sambandhit asel. mhanoon, pardarshakta samorun (aarshakade aanee foaksing lenskade) thewali jaate, tyaulat 35 miimii slide projector kinwa philm projector (jyamadhye assa aarsa nasato) jethe slidechi pratima foaksing lenschya viruddha bajula ulatali jaat nahee.
pardarshak pratima vadhavanyasathicha eka sambandhit shodh mhanje saur camera. apardarshak prakshepak kinwa episcope heey eka asey upkaran aahe jeey varoon vastuvar tejaswi diwa chamkavoon apardarshak samagri pradarshit karate. episcope haah diascopapasoon vegala asane aavashyak aahe, joou pardarshak vastoonchya (jase qee chitrapat kinwa slides) pratima prakshepit karnyasathi vaparla jaanara prakshepak aahe aanee epidiascopasun, joou apardarshak aanee pardarshak asha donhi vastoonchya pratima prakshepit karnyas saksham aahe.
condensor.
kaaran foaksing lains (samanyatah vyasapeksha qamee) pardarshaktepeksha khoopach lahan asate, tyamule pardarshakta pardarshakta optical kandensardware eka mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali jaate. yasathi mothya optical lenschee (kiman pardarshaktechya aakarachi) aavashyakta asalyane parantu kharab optical gunavattechi asoo shakate (pratimechi tikshnata tyavar avalambun naslyamule), eka fresnell lains vaparali jaate. fresnell lains kachechya platever sthit aahe (kinwa tyacha bhag aahe) jyavar pardarshakta thewali jaate aanee tyala marnara bahutek prakash foaksing lenschya dishene converging konmadhye punarnirdeshit karnyasathi karya karate. asha velee asha condensorshivay, bahutek prakash foaksing lains gamavel (anyatha foaksing lains khoop motha aanee pratibandhatmakpane mahag asava lagel). yavyatirikt, fresnell lenschya khalee asalele aarse kinwa itar ghanikaran ghatak prakash balbchya utpadanacha bhag vadhavtat jeey prathamatah fresnell lensparyant pohochate. padadyavar puresa prakash denyasathi, uchch tivratecha bulb vaparla jaato, jyasathi anekada pankha thund karane aavashyak asate.
laksh kendrit samayojan.
overhead projectormadhye samanyatah eka hatane kendrit karanyachi yantrana samavisht asate jee foaksing lenschee nishchit phokal lambi dilelya nivadalelya pratimechya antaravar (projection screenche antar) laksh kendrit karnyasathi object antar (slide aanee lensmadhil optical antar) samayojit karnyasathi foaksing lenschee sthitee (folding mirrors) vadhavate aanee qamee karate. yamule prakshepan antaranchi shreni shakya hote.
projection antar vadhavane (kinwa qamee karane) heey vaparat asalelya projection screenla basavanyasathi (kinwa kadhikadhi fakt kholichya mandanila samavoon ghenyasathi) foaksing systemche aavardhan vadhavate (kinwa qamee hote). prakshepan antar vadhavanyacha arth assa dekhil aahe qee prakash mothya padadyavar titkach pasarla aahe, parinami eka mand pratima yete. prakshepan antarat badal jhalyas, tikshna pratimesathi laksh kendrit karane punha samayojit karane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, ghanikaran prakashiki (fresnell lains) eka prakshepan antarashi sambandhit, lenschya eka vishisht ubhya sthanasathi anukool aahe. mhanoon, jevha teey khoop vegalya prakshepan antarasathi kendrit kele jaate, tevha fresnell lensdware foaksing lenschya dishene prakshepit kelelya prakash shankucha kahee bhag tyaa lensla miss karato. yacha andajit pratimechya bahya kathanvar sarvat jaast parinam hoto, jenekarun jevha laksh tokakade asate tevha samanyatah padadyachya kathavar nila kinwa tapkiri kadaa disate. prakshepak tyachya shifaras kelelya prakshepan antarachya jawal vaparnyane jethe heey talhale jaate aanee padadyavaril tivrata andaje eksaman asate tethe eka kendrit sthitee nirman hote.
prakashacha srot.
aadhunik ell. see. dii. kinwa dii. ell. pii. video projectorchya tulanet overhead projectorche diwa tantradnyan samanyatah khoop sope asate. bahutek overhead atyant uchch-shakticha halogen diwa vapartat joou 750 kinwa 1000 whatsparyant vaparu shakato. ushmankamule bulb vitalanyapasun rokhanyasathi uchch-pravah bloarchi aavashyakta asate aanee haah bloer anekada timerver asato joou prakash vizavalyanantar kahee kaal chaloo thevato.
pudhe, tivra ushnata uchch tivratechya divyachya apayshala gatee dete, anekada 100 tasanpeksha qamee velat jalate, badalanyachi aavashyakta asate, joou anekada prakshepak balganyacha sarvat mahagada bhag asato. yaulat, aadhunik ell. see. dii. kinwa dii. ell. pii. prakshepak anekada atee-uchch-karyakshamta asalela diwa vaparato jyachi prakashatmak karyakshamta jaast asate aanee too hajaro taas tikato. tyaa tantradnyanachi eka kamatarata mhanje asha divyansathi aavashyak asalela sarav vel.
junya overhead projectormadhye nalika chaturthansh balbacha vapar keela jaat asey, joou vadgyachya aakarachya polish kelelya paravartakachya varr basavala jaat asey. tathapi, paravartakachya varr aanee baher diwa latkavalyamule, projectorchya aateel bajunna mothya pramanat prakash takala gela joou vaya gela, tyamule padadyavaril puresha prakashasathi uchch shakticha diwa aavashyak hota. adhik aadhunik overhead projector ekatmik diwa aanee shankuchya aakarache paravartak jodani vapartat, jyamule diwa paravartakachya aat kholvar sthit houu shakato aanee tyachya prakashacha motha bhag fresnell lenschya dishene pathavato; yamule tyach screenchya prakashasathi qamee shakticha diwa vaparanyachi parvanagi milate.
ekatmik dive/paravartak asalelya overhead projectorsathi eka upayukt navkalpana mhanje drut-adlabadal duheri-dive niyantran, jyamule projectormadhye done dive halavata yenyajoge saketmadhye basavata yetat. sadarikaranadarmyan eka diwa fasala tarr prastota keval eka liver halavoon sute bhag tyaa sthiteet sarakavu shakato aanee sadarikaran chaloo thevu shakato, prakshepan ekak ughadanyachi kinwa ayashasvi jhalela bulb thund honyachi pratiksha naan karata too badaloo shakato.
itihas.
jaduchya kandilasarkhe kahee pracheen prakshepak heey varchya bajula prakshepakache purvavarti manale jaau shakatat. steganographic aarsa bahudha overhead projectorcha vapar kassa keela gela yachya sarvat jawal aala.
german jesuit vidwan athanasius kircher yanchya 1645 madheel pustak 'aars magna lucis ett umbrey' madhye tyachya shodhache varnan, 'steganographic mirror' samavisht aaheh eka adim prakshepan pranali jyamadhye foaksing lains aanee prakash pratibimbit apavyay avtal aarshavar rangavalelya majkoor kinwa chitre, mukhytah lamb pallyachya sanvadasathi aahet. 1654 madhye belgian jesuitche ganitshastradnya andrey tackwett yanni kircherche tantra vaparoon italian jesuit missionary martino martinicha chinpasoon beljiyamparyantcha pravas darshavila. tackwetne kircherchi pranali nemki kashee vaparali heey adnyat aahe, parantu pravasacha tapasheel spasht kartana tyane prakshepit aarshavar chitre kadhali ashee kalpana aahe.
thomas wayswood aanee humprey davy yanni sookshm vastunche pahile, parantu kayamswarupi, vistar karnyasathi prakashsanvedanshil sylver nitrates prarambhik chhayachitran prayoganmadhye 'saur sukshmadarshakacha' vapar keela hota.
french bhautikshastradnya edmond beckrell yanni 1853 madhye pahile dnyat overhead projection upkaran vikasit kele. 1866 madhye french vadya nirmata aanee shodhak jewels dubosk yanni teey pradarshit kele.
tyanantar, 1857 madhye baltimoreche chitrakar david achesan woodward yanni saur vistarak vistarak paytant ghetale, jeey eka mothe upkaran darvajabaher chalavale jaat hote. tyat lahan nakaratmak teey mothya chhayachitrandrushtya sanvedanshil kagad kinwa canvasparyant vaadh karnyasathi suryaprakash aanee nakkal lenscha vapar keela gela. chitrakaranna heey eka vardan vatale jyane achook pratirup tayar karnyasathi margdarshak pradan kele jeey teey teel, jalrang kinwa rangeet ranganni rangavatat, jeey anekada aakarmananusar kele jaatat.
american shastradnya heinry morton yanni tayar kelelya overhead projectorche 1880 chya sumaras "anulamb kandil" mhanoon vipanan karnyat aale.
overhead prakshepanasathi pardarshak patrakancha vapar, jyala viewfoils kinwa viewgraph mhanatat, too mothya pramanat americet vikasit karnyat aala hota. yuu madhye overhead projector sadar karnyat aale.ess. 1940 chya suruvatilach suruvatilach mahayuddhadarmyan lashkari prashikshan ghetale jaat hote aanee teey twareet trutiyak shikshakandvare ghetale jaat hote aanee dashakbharat teey mahamandalanmadhye vaparale jaat hote. yuddhanantar yuu. yuu. sarkhya shalanmadhye tyancha vapar keela jaat asey.ess. lashkari akadami. april 1952 chya 'uchch shikshan' yaa niyatkalikane nondavale;
sudharit halakya vajanachya overhead projectorchya americi naudalachya vikasashi sanlagn asalelya, 1923 madhye germanymadhye vikasit kelelya ozalid dry printing prakriyeche rupantar, prashikshan dastaivaj aanee prakshepan pardarshaktevaril chitranchi nakkal karnyasathi, hii prakriya kshetrat paar padnyaitaki sopee hotee aanee jyamule vaparlelya nirdeshatmak sahityachi ekarupata sunishchit jhaali.
9 inch tappyavar selophane selophane overhead projectorcha vapar polisanchya kamasathi suruvatila keela jaat asey, jyamule jyamule vaishishtye manchavar gundalali jaau shakat hotee.
projectorchi magani jasjashi vadhat gelee, tase 1953 madhye buhal udhyoganchi sthapana jhaali aanee overhead projector aanee tyachya projection lensasathi anek optical refinementsathi teey amerikeche pramukh yogdan denare banale.
1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila shaala aanee vyavsayanmadhye overhead projectorcha mothya pramanat vapar houu lagla, tyabarobarach kodakne tayar kelelya aadvya aarohit traceh samkalin vikasit carosal slide projectorcha vapar keela jaau lagla.
1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, tyanchya rung prat prakriyecha apavyay apavyay pardarshaktecha vapar shodhanyasathi, roser appeldornla tyachya malkane 3 meterver aavhan dile hote. appledornne pardarshak patrakanchya prakshepanasathi eka prakriya vikasit kelee jyamule 3 mea. chaa pahila vikriyogya pardarshakta chitrapat tayar jhaala. omaha yetheel dhoranatmak havai kamand bases haah pahilya mothya grahakanpaiki eka hota, joou darmaha sumare 20,000 patrake vaparat hota. tyanantar tyanantar toparyant vikalya vikalya prakshepkaivaji swatacha overhead prakshepak vikasit karnyacha nirnay ghetala, joou baherchya utpadakane tayar keela hota. 15 janewari 1962 roji kifayatshir, lahan aanee dumadanyayogya aavrutti sadar karnyapurvi anek namune ghetale gele. tyat sanrachit-prushthbhagavaril plasticne banavalela naveen fresnell lains hota, joou itar plasticchya lenspeksha khoop changla aanee kachepeksha khoopach swast hota.
1957 madhye, amerikechya shikshan karyakramasathichya pahilya sanghiy sahayyane overhead vikrila chalana dilee jee 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhaparyant aanee 21 vya shatkaparyant jaast rahili.
shikshanat tyacha vapar qaraa.
sanganak-aadharit prakshepan yenyapurvi shikshan aanee vyavasayat overhead projectorcha mothya pramanat vapar keela jaat asey.
overhead projector shikshakansathi qamee kharchik sanvadatmak vatavaran sulabh karate. shaikshanik sahitya plasticchya patrakanvar purv-mudrit kele jaau shakate, jyavar shikshak kayamswarupi, dhunyayogya rangchinhe paine vaparoon thet lihu shakatat. yamule velechi bachat hote, kaaran pardarshakta pratyek vargapurvi hatane lihileli samagri thevanyaivaji purv-mudrit kelee jaau shakate aanee punaravrutti kelee jaau shakate.
varchya bajula samanyatah shikshakasathi aaramdayak lekhan unchivar thewale jaate aanee shikshakala vargala samore jaanyas anumati dete, jyamule vidyarthi aanee shikshak yanchyat adhik changla sanvad sadhata yeto. prakshepakachi vadhati vaishishtye shikshakala kalya patavar atee mothya lipit lihinyaeivaji aanee kalya patavar lihinyasathi satat havet haat baher thevun sahajpane lahan lipit sahajpane lihinyachi mubha detat.
jevha pardarshakta patrak lekhee kinwa rekhatalelya samagreene bharalele asate, tevha teey adhik purv-mudrit samagrisah naveen, tajya patrakane badalale jaau shakate, jyamule punha varg vel viruddha kalya pattyachi bachat hote jee mitavane aavashyak asate aanee shikshakadvare adhyapan sahitya punha lihile jaate. varg kalavadhinantar, saban aanee panyane dhuun pardarshakta sahajpane tyanchya mool naan vaparlelya sthiteet punarsanchayit kelee jaate.
ell. see. dii. overhead display.
1980-1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila, vargachya sanganak pradarshan/prakshepan pranalicha bhag mhanoon overhead projectorcha vapar keela jaat asey. plasticchya chaukatit basavalele drav-sphatik puttle overhead projectorchya varr thewale gele aanee sanganakachya video outputshee jodale gele, jeey sahasa samanya monitor output vibhajit karate. ell. see. dii. patalchya chaukatitil eka sheetak pankha, pratima jhakanat taknari atiushnata talhanyasathi ell. see. dii. chya palikade thund havah vahel.
yapaiki pahile ell. see. dii. puttle keval ekvarniy hote aanee teey apple II sanganak kinwa vhee. see. aar. sarkhya aine. tii. ess. see. video output pradarshit karoo shakat hote. 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat rangeet macintosh aanee vhee. jee. aii. sangankasathi, hajaro rung (16-biit rung) karnyas saksham rung model upalabdh jhaale. pradarshan kadhihi visheshtah adyayavat kinwa adyayavat karnyasathi vegwan navhate, parinami vegane vegane pratimanvar daag padala, parantu jevha dusare kahihi upalabdh navhate tevha teey swikararh hote.
swatah qaraa samudayane yaa kalpanecha vapar qamee kimatiche hoome theater projector tayar karnyasathi karnyas suruvat kelee aahe. samanya ell. see. dii. moneterchi aavaran aanee backlight assembly kadhoon takoon, ekhadi vyakti ell. see. dii. screenchi samagri bhintivar pramanit ell. see. dii. projectorchya tulanet khoopach qamee kharchat prakshepit karnyasathi overhead projectorchya sanyogane ughad ell. see. dii. screencha vapar karoo shakate. overhead projectorchya dokyavar pratima pratibimbit jhalyamule, bhintivaril pratima, jarr ekhadi vyakti samanyatah ell. see. dii. screen pahat asel tarr tee kuthe asel, tyaa thikani "punha fleep" kelee jaate.
vaparat ghat.
americetil bahutek varganmadhye aanee vyavsayik parishad kholyanmadhye overhead projector heey ekekali eka samanya ghatak hote, parantu 2000 chya dashakat tyanchi jaaga haloohaloo dastaivaj camerey, samarpit sanganak prakshepan pranali aanee parasparsanvadi pandhare falakanni ghetali jaat hotee. asha pranali prastutkartyala sanganakachya filemadhun thet video prakshepit karanyachi parvanagi detat, jeey samanyatah microsoft powerpoint aanee libreophis sarkhya softwarecha vapar karoon tayar kele jaate. asha sadarikarananmadhye animation, parasparsanvadi ghatak kinwa agadi video clips dekhil samavisht asoo shakatat, jyat slides darmyan prushthankan karane sope asate. rung pardarshaktechi tulanene mahagadi chhapai kinwa chhayaprat kadhoon takali jaate.
yaa haloohaloo badalanyache prathamik kaaran mhanje aadhunik samajatil sanganakeey tantradnyanacha kholvar rujalela vapar aanee aadhunik vaparkartyanni magani kelelya vaishishtyanna sahajpane samarthan denyas overheadschee asamarthata. varchi bajoo sthir pratima pratima changlya prakare pradarshit karoo shakate, parantu tee halatya pratima pradarshit karnyat kharab kamgiri karate. ell. see. dii. video display panel jeey ekekali overhead projectorsathi add-aun mhanoon vaparale jaat hote, teey aprachalit jhaale aahet, pradarshan tantradnyan aanee prakshepan prakashshastrache teey sanyojan aata aadhunik video projectormadhye changlya prakare samakalit jhaale aahe.
vaparkartyanchya mankanmadhye dekhil vaadh jhaali aahe, jenekarun madhyabhagi khoop tejaswi aanee kathanchya bhovati khoop mand asalele mand, aspasht overhead prakshepan yapudhe swikararh nahee. varchya bajuche optical phocus, reshatmakata, chamak aanee spashtata samanyatah video projectorshi julat nahee. video prakshepak atyant lahan chitra nirmiti yantrana vapartat, jyamule plasticchya fresnell lenschya optical kamgiripeksha jaast achookata asalelya prakashikichi parvanagi milate. tyamadhye atirikt prakashshastracha dekhil samavesh aahe, jeey prakashachya strotachya thet varr padadyachya madhyabhagi asalele "hotspot" kadhoon taktat, jenekarun prakshepan padadyavar sarvatra chamak eksaman asel.
tikakaranna asey vatate qee kahee nakaratmak bajoo aahet kaaran heey tantradnyan apayashi honyachi shakyata jaast asate aanee vaparkartyasathi manak overhead projectorpeksha adhik jaast shikanyachi vakrata asate.

