
shokantika

shokantikechi shokantika, jyala shokantikechi shokantika asehi mhanatat; kinwa, tomm thamb daad gretche jeevan aanee mrutyu, heey heinry fieldingche natak aahe. tomm thamb' yaa tyachya aadhichya natakanpaiki ekachi hii vistarit aanee punarnirmit aavrutti aahe aanee tee eka asha patrachi katha sangate, jyachi unchi aanee darja lahan aahe, tarihi teela vivahat rajkumaricha haat deela jaato; santapt ranee aanee darbaratil dusra sadasya tyanantar vivah nasht karnyacha prayatna karato.
tyachya purvichya kamachya kshetrarakshanat mahattvapoorn kathanak badal samavisht kele gele; tyane natak adhik kendrit kele aanee bhashechya durupyogavaril teeka qamee karoon vyangacha prakar ekikrut keela. yavyatirikt, 'tomm thamb' haah eka karkash drushtikon hota yaa matala pratisad mhanoon, kshetrarakshanane kahee vinodala kateri vyanganachya bajoone badalale. heey natak pahilyanda 24 march 1731 roji gavat bajaratil natyagruhat 'daad later reuters' yaa sahkalakarasaha sadar karnyat aale. samikshakanni heey natak aavadale, parantu heey moolatah 'lekhakachya prahasana' chaa eka sahyogi bhag mhanoon tayar kele gele hote yakade tyanni laksh vedhale.
parshvabhoomi.
"daad tragedy auph tragedy' hii 'tomm thamb' chee vistarit aanee punarlikhit aavrutti hotee. kshetrarakshanane natkat badal keela kaaran prekshakanna natak aavadale asale taree samkalin rangbhumichya samasyanvar nirdeshit kelelya vyanganachyakade tyanchya lakshat aale nahee; punarlekhan haah vyangay adhik spasht karnyacha hetu hota. heey natak pahilyanda 24 march 1731 roji londonmadhil hemarket theatermadhe 'daad later reuters' yaa sahkalakarasaha sadar karnyat aale. tyachi mudrit aavrutti kshetrarakshanachya 'etch' yaa topananavane 'sampadit' aanee 'tippani' karnyat aalee hotee. scribblerus secondus, joou mool lekhak nasalyache bhasavato. tyat hoggerthcha eka agrabhag aahe, joou kshetrarakshan aanee hoggerth yanchyatil sambandhancha sarvat juna purava aahe.
chhapil aavrutti udghatanachya ratri upalabdh hotee aanee chhapil aavruttimadhye samavisht kelelya notesne natakache spashtikaran denyacha eka marg mhanoon kaam kele. james roberts yanni 'daad later-reuters' chya aavruttisah teey chhapale hote. daad tragedy auph tragedies' chya chhapil aavruttine natkachya done aavrutya tayar kelya, eka jyat abhinay karnyat aala hota aanee dusari jee vachaychi hotee aanee donhimadhye pratyekicha vinod hota. fieldingcha assa vishvas hota qee aadhunik shokantika abhijat greek shokantika peksha shreshth aahet kaaran abhijat keval prekshakanmadhye dayaa aanee bheeti nirman karoo shakatat, tarr aadhunik shokantika prekshakanna manchavaril hasyaspad paristhitivar hasavoo shakatat. fieldingne yaa aadhunik kamancha ullekh 'hasanyachya shokantika' assa keela aanee dawa keela qee tyanche kaam aanee aadhunik shokantika yaat fakt haach farak aahe qee tyanche kaam tyachya hasyamadhye jaanunbujun hote. fieldingchya natakache nantar natyalekhak eliza haywood aanee william hatchet yanni 'aupera auph aupera; kinwa tomm thamb daad gret' madhye rupantar kele. 31 meey 1733 pasoon haah chitrapat chhotya natyagruhat 13 ratri chalala aanee ushna havamanamule too bund karnyat aala. nantar too suru thevanyat aala aanee tyanantarchya hangamat tyache anek karyakram jhaale.
"nantarchya manoranjak punrujjivanasaha, 'shokantikechi shokantika' haah kshetrarakshanacha sarvat chirsthayi khel tharala. kadambarikar frances burney yanni 1777 chya khajgi nirmitimadhye hankamunkachi bhoomika sakarli, 1788 madhye steventon yethe jaine austenchya kutumbane eka khajgi nirmiti kelee aanee pradhyapak william courtz wimsat junier. 1953 madhye yell vidyapithachya nirmitimadhye tyane glumdalca yaa diggaj mulichi bhoomika sakarli.
cast.
mool mudrit billingnusar cast karah
plot.
tomm thamb' aanee 'daad tragedy auph tragedy' chya samanya kathanak rupareshet farsa farak nahee, parantu kshetrarakshanamule lakshaniy badal hotat. done doctor tomm thambchya mrutyuvar charcha karat asalele drushya tyane purnapane kadhoon takale aanee asey kartana too jyaa prakarchya upahasavar kaam karat hota too eksandh keela. tyanni aapali teeka keval avachetanpane vyaktinni nirman kelelya bhashecha gairavapar karnyaparyant maryadit kelee, doctoransarkhya fasavanukinni nahee. urvarit natkachya babatit, vistarit drushyanche kshetrarakshan, patranchi bharr padali aanee kamache teen-krutichya natkat rupantar jhaale. tomchya samapticha andaj lavnyasathi kathanakat merlyn jodale jaate. yavyatirikt, grazal hankamunkachya hrudayacha tomcha pratispardhi banato aanee king arther aanee tomm yaa doghansathi dusari prem ruchi mhanoon glumdalca navachi eka rakshas jodali jaate. natak jasjase pudhe jaate tasatase tomla pakad lagoon maraln jaat nahee, tarr tyaeivaji too tyacha parabhav karato. tathapi, tomla eka vishal, khuni gayeene stagechya baher thaar marle jaate, jyachya batmimule hatyecha bhadka udato, saat mrutdeh stagewar vikhurlele rahatat aanee raja ektach, swatahla chakoo maranyapurvi, too padnara shevatcha manus aahe assa abhiman balganyasathi urato. tomm thamb' madheel tomchya bhutachi jaaga tomche vadil gaffar thambchya bhutene ghetali aahe.
verioram.
kshetrarakshan heey 'shokantikechya shokantikechya' chhapil aavruttivar vishesh bharr dete, jyat nondi samavisht kelya jaatat aanee heey tyache ekmev chhapil natak banavate jyat moolatah eka agrabhag samavisht asato. natkachya chhapil aavruttitil vividh prakar kinwa tippanyanni 'shokantikechya shokantike' madheel anek vidambane, sanket aanee itar sandarbhankade laksh vedhale. tathapi, swaranchya gambhir vaparasathi aanee natakancha gambhirpane arth lavnyachya kalpanechi khilli udavanyasathi swar swatach eka vidambana mhanoon kaam karatat. swatahla scribblerus secondus mhanat kshetrarakshan heey 'shokantikechya shokantike' laa scribblerus clubchya kamanshi jodate. yaa granthanmadhye sahitya spasht karnyacha prayatna karananya samikshak aanee vidvananche vidamban dekhil aahet.
tyamule, heey natak kshetrarakshanachya lekhalekheenchya natakanpaiki eka aahe aanee mudrit aavruttitil bhashya alekzandar pope, jonathan swift aanee itaranchya lekhalekheenchya pratikrutitun udbhavananya vyangasacha aanakhi eka star jodate. etch. scribblerus secundus yaa natakachi suruvat asha davyansah karato qee scribblersney eka aavruttivar kaam karnyat daha varshe ghalavali aanee heey natak elizabethan kalkhandatil aahe aanee teey shekspeareche kaam asoo shakate kinwa nasel. yavyatirikt, scribblerus shastriy strotancha gairavapar chukichya anuvadandvare aanee chukichya vachanadvare karato, samkalin aanee paramparik gambhir siddhantat truti aanato aanee 'aii tail auph aaa tub' aanee 'daad dunciad verioram' yaa paramparet sarvasadharanpane tikanche vyangyatmak pratinidhitva karato. vinodi ghatakanchi parva naan karata, notes kshetrarakshanatil vishal shastriy shikshan ughad karatat.
kshetrarakshanatil '1730-1' chya natyamay parinamanvarun asey disun yete qee lekhak vyaktimatvachya gruhitkat sandhisadhu charitrya asoo shakate. jaree kshetrarakshanala popchi kahee prasiddhi aanee shakti samayik karnyat anand hott hota aanee tyanchya shikharavar vegwan hote aanee tyanchya kahee sankalpana aanee tantre udhar ghenyasathi, teey tyanchya sanskrutik kinwa rajkiy uddishtanshi kadhihi manapasoon sahmat navhate. tyaa kalatil tyanchya kavitanmadhye kshetrarakshanane popchya torrism aanee gair-manavatepasun swatahla door thewale aanee asey suchavale gele aahe qee scribblerus clubchya lekhanashi 'shokantikechi shokantika' chaa prushthbhagavaril sambandh khyan dveshache mukhavata aahe. tathapi, kshetrarakshanane scribblerus navachya vaparavar tyachya nirmatyanni naraji vyakt kelyache disat nahee. swiftney kshetrarakshanala eka buddhiman mhanoon prashansa kelee, asey mhanat qee too tyachya aayushyat fakt donadach hasala hota, dusare udaharan mhanje tomm thambane natak bund karananya mrutdehanchya twarit sanchayanat bhootala thaar maranyachi paristhiti. pope yanni 1743chya vistarit chaar pustakanchya danciadmadhye kshetrarakshanala pratidhvanit kele asel, jeey tyaa kalatil bhavya sanskrativar vyang karnyasathi vaparlya jaananya kahee paddhatinmadhye kshetrarakshan karananya lekhakachya prahasanachya aathvani suchavate.
vishay.
kshetrarakshananusar, aadhichya aavruttivar, "shokantikechya sarvat unch bhaganvar eka bhannat bhag mhanoon teeka karnyat aalee hotee aanee jyala aapan samanyatah changlya goshti mhanato tyala manchavarun kadhoon taknyasathi tyachi rachana karnyat aalee hotee."hii kalpana rajyachya eka nimnavargiy nagarikavar, samanya samanya nagarikapeksha unchine agadi lahan asalelya shokantikevar kendrit karoon vikasit kelee gelee aahe. shokantika samanyatah rajgharanyatil aanee uchch darjachya kutumbanshi sambandhit asatat, tyamule chhotya tomm thambavar laksh kendrit kelyane suruvatipasunach vyangatmak swaroop sthapit hote. yavyatirikt, kathankatil sarvoch swaroop, patranchya natesambandhanchi guntagunt aanee natkachya shevati shariravar kachara takane heey serve atharavya shatkatil aanakhi upahasatmak aanee bhishan shokantika ghadavatat. yaa vilakshan pailunni kshetrarakshanasathi samasya nirman kelee aanee lokanni tyacha karyakram tyachya katu vyangapeksha aanandasathi adhik pahila. tomchya bhutaivaji tomchya vadilanchya bhootala maranat taknyat tyacha shevat badaltana, kshetrarakshanane natkachya vyangyatmak uddeshala balkati denyasathi vinodala uttejan denanya ghatakancha kahee bhag kadhoon taknyacha prayatna keela.
kshetrarakshan heey 'tomm thamb' madhye ugam pavalelya sanvadachya anek tukadyanna punha lihito, jase qee tomney artherla rakshasanche varnan ghanikaran karane. heey ghanikaran, sampoorn ingraji bhashela haanee pohochavna, raja aartharchya darbarat aadhalanaya bhashik bharbharatila tomney nakarle aahe. donhi aavrutyanmadhye, colly sibarchya natakanchya sanvadanchi nakkal karnyasathi aanee tyanchi khilli udavanyasathi sanvadat arth kadhoon kinwa banavat shabd jodoon ingraji bhashecha gairavapar keela jaato. bhashechi thatta karane aanee tyachyashi khelane heey sarvkal chaloo asate; natkachya shevati arther sarvasadharanpane upmananvar hallah karatoh
kshetrarakshanache sadosh bhashevarche halle heey keval antargat ghatananpurate maryadit naheet; too louis theobaldchi khilli udavato. visheshtah, kshetrarakshan heey theobaldchya 'daad pertian princess' yaa shokantikechi aanee shakespearevaril tyachya tippanyanchi khilli udavate.
vividh natya paramparanvar teeka karnyavyatirikt, raja arther aanee tyachi patni, queen dollalola yanchyatil vadamadhye ling parinam aahet, jyaa striyanpaiki konatya strine tomla swatache asave. visheshtah carolinecha georgechya nirnay ghenyavar prabhav padala assa lokpriy vishvas lakshat gheta, king arther aanee king george aanee queen dollalola aanee queen carolin yanchyat sambhavya samanata aahet. anek karyakramanmadhye strine chitrit kelelya mardani tomm thambamule laingik bhoomika aanakhi guntaguntichya aanee ulatya jhalya. heey ulatya prakaramule kshetrarakshanamule, shokantika aanee sarvasadharanpane laingik bhoomikanmadhil nayakachya paramparik samajavar teeka karata yete. hoggerthcha agrabhag, nayak, tomm thamb, done mahila pramukh bhoomika bajavtat aanee aapapasat ladhatat mhanoon kaam karnyas asamarth asalyamule, 'shokantikechya shokantikechya' aat kshetrarakshan kaay prayatna kareet aahe heey majboot karato. shevati, yaa natakache mock-veer swaroop balkat karnyabarobarach, ling haah arthshastra, sahitya, rajkaran aanee sampoorn samajavar bhashya karnyacha eka marg hota.
gambhir pratisad.
april 1731 madhye 'delly poost' madhye mhatale hote qee heey natak pahanyasathi mothee magani hotee. 3 meey rojichya 'delly poost' nusar, yaa natkala upasthit asalelya ullekhaneey vyaktinmadhye rajkumari amelia aanee rajkumari carolin yancha samavesh hota. rajdarbaratil sadasyanmadhye ashee upasthiti aanee lokpriyata asey soochit karate qee kshetrarakshan haah tyanchyavar sookshmapane teeka karnyasathi natakacha vapar karat navhata.
eff. dryden' aanee tyachya shaletil veerata hii eka vilakshan gosht mhanoon 'shokantikechi shokantika' hii eka adviteey paddhatshir, tasech utkrusht chatur kamgiri aahe, assa yuktivad 'homes duden' karatat."battestincha assa vishvas aahe qee" "shokantikechi shokantika" "-jaree paristhitine eka varshapurvichya 'tomm thamb' pramanech lamb dhavane rokhale asale taree-tyachya lahan, qamee mohak purvavartinpramanech yashasvi hote"."albert jeey. riveiro tyachya purvavarti 'tomm thamb' aivaji 'shokantikechya shokantikevar' laksh kendrit karnyas virodh karato, kaaran yaa dekharekhitun heey natak 'lekhakachya prahasana' chaa eka sahyogi bhag mhanoon kase udbhavale yakade durlaksh hote.