
cryogenic electron sukshmadarshika

cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-emm) heey cryogenic tapmanat thund kelelya namunyanvar lagoo kelele chryomycroscopy tantra aahe. jaivik namunyansathi, kachbinduyukt barfachya vatavaranat antarbhut karoon rachana jatan kelee jaate. jaleey namuna dravan greed-jaalivar lavale jaate aanee drav ethainmadhye kinwa drav ethane aanee propenchya mishranat budavoon gothavale jaate. 1970 chya dashakat yaa tantracha vikas suru jhaala asatana, shodhak tantradnyan aanee software algoridammadhil alikadil pragatimule anoo-jawalchya resolutionvar jaiv-aanvik sanrachananche nirdharan karnyas parvanagi midali aahe. yamule crystallisation aavashyakta naan thevata macromolecular structurechya nirdharanasathi ex-reey chrystallography kinwa aine. emm. aar. spectroscopyla paryay mhanoon yaa drushtikonakade vyapak laksh vedhale gele aahe.
dravanatil jaiv renunchya uchch-sankalp sanrachanechya nirdharanasathi cryo-electron sukshmadarshika vikasit kelyabaddal 2017 madhye rasayanshastratil nobel puraskar jacks dubochet, joachim phrank aanee richard henderson yanna denyat aala."nisarg paddhatinna" 2015 madhye cryo-emla "" varshatil paddhat "mhanoon dekhil naav denyat aale.
federal institute auph technology, lauzen vidyapith aanee jineva vidyapithane cryo-emm lagoo karnyachya aanee pudhe vikasit karnyachya uddeshane november 2021 chya shevati dubochet center phaur imaging (dii. see. aay.) ughadale. sars-cove-2 aumicron prakar pahilyanda olakhoon eka mahinyapeksha qamee kalavadhit, dii. see. aay. madheel sanshodhak tyachi rachana paribhashit karoo shakale, vaiyaktik lasinna talhanyasathi mahattvapoorn utparivartan olakhoo shakale aanee naveen upcharatmak drushtikonansathi antardrushti pradan karoo shakale.
ambian mhanoonahi olakhalya jaananya danish rashtriy cryo-emm suvidheche udghatan 1 december 2016 roji karnyat aale. ambian haah danish vidyapithanmadhil (arhus vidyapithache yazman aanee university auph copenhagen saha-yazman) cryo-emm sangh aahe.
cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-tame) heey eka transmission electron microscopy tantra aahe jeey sanrachanatmak jivashastra aanee samagri vidnyanat vaparale jaate.
itihas.
prarambhik vikas.
1960 chya dashakat, uchch urjechya electron kirananmule honanya kiranotsargachya nukasanamule rachana nishchit karnyachya paddhatinsathi pareshan electron sukshmadarshakacha vapar maryadit hota. shastradnyanni asey gruhit dharale qee qamee tapmanat namunyanchi tapasani kelyane kiran-prerit kiranotsargache nuksan qamee hoil. drav helium (−269°seey kinwa 4keey kinwa − 452.2 phph) aanee drav nitrogen (− 195.79 sase kinwa 77keey kinwa −320°pha) yaa donhi goshti cryogen manalya jaat hotya. 1980 madhye, ervin napec aanee jacks dubochet yanni cryogenic tapmanat beemchya hanivar tippanya prakashit kelya jyaa nirikshananna samayik karatatah
carbon filmwar basavalele patal sphatik samanya tapmanachya tulanet 4 keey varr 30 teey 300 putt jaast beam-pratirodhak asalyache aadhalun aale... 4 kechya pradeshatil cryoprotection heey tapmanavar jordar avalambun aahe asey gruheet dharoon aapale bahutek parinam spasht kele jaau shakatat.
tathapi, heey parinam punarutpadak navhate aanee keval done varshanni sudharana 'nechar' madhye prakashit karnyat aalya jyat asey soochit karnyat aale qee beam pratirodh prarambhik apekshepeksha qamee lakshaniy hota. 4 keey varr midavalele sanrakshn, purvi sangitalyapeksha, "ell-valeenchya pramanit namunyansathi dahapat" hote.
1981 madhye, european aanvik jivashastra prayogshaletil shastradnya alasdair mcdowall aanee jacks dubochet yanni cryo-emchya pahilya yashasvi amalbajavanichi nond kelee. mcdowall aanee duboshet yanni shuddha paanee eka patal patalavar hydrophilic carbon filmwar favarani karoon vitrified kele jeey krayojenmadhye (drav propen kinwa drav ethane 77 keey paryant thund kele gele) vegane budale gele. anakar barfacha patal thurr 1 micronometerpeksha qamee jaad hota aanee electron vivartan namunyane anakar/kachechya barfachya upasthitichi pushti kelee. 1984 madhye, dubochetchya gatane vitrified adenovirus prakar 2, tii 4 bacteriophase, semliki vann vishanu, bacteriophase see. bii. keey. aanee vesicular-stomatitis-vishanuchya vishleshanasah sanrachanatmak jivashastrat cryo-emchi shakti darshavili.
2017 chaa rasayanshastratil nobel puraskar.
cryo-emcha jaivarsayanshastravar jhalela prabhav lakshat gheuun, jacks dubochet, joachim phrank aanee richard henderson yaa teen shastradnyanna dravanatil jaivarasayanikanchya uchch-sankalp sanrachanechya nirdharanasathi cryo-electron sukshmadarshika vikasit kelyabaddal rasayanshastratil nobel puraskarane sanmanit karnyat aale."
ksh-kiran sphatikshastracha sambhavya pratispardhi.
paramparikpane, ksh-kiran sfatikalekhan heey jaivik renunchya 3 dii sanrachana nishchit karnyasathi sarvat lokpriy tantra rahile aahe. tathapi, cryo-emmadhil varr namood kelelya sudharananmule jaivik renunchya tapashilache sadhan mhanoon tyachi lokpriyata vadhali aahe. tulana mhanoon, ksh-kiran sfatikalekhan 169,077 jaivik renunchya 3dii sanrachana nirdharit karnyasathi vaparale gele aahe (30 september 2022 paryant) tarr cryo-emm 12,647 varr qamee jaivik renu nirdharit karnyasathi vaparale gele aahe.
tathapi, 'nisarg' nusar, cambridge vidyapithatil thet electron detectormadhil (anekada thet shodh sadhane kinwa dii. dii. dii. ess. mhanoon sandarbhit) pragati aanee ess. pii. tii. labtekdware namuna utpadanachya svayamchalitatemule jaivik kshetranmadhye vaparat vaadh jhaali aahe, jyamule cryo-emm eka sambhavya pratispardhi banala aahe.
ksh-kiran sphatikshastrache sankalp sphatik shuddhatedvare maryadit asate aanee jaivik renunna sfatikeey sthiteet ekatra aanane khoop velkhau asoo shakate, mahine kinwa agadi varshe dekhil lagoo shakatat. cryo-emsathi namuna tayar karane jaree ajunahi kashtache asale taree, tyat yaa samasya naheet kaaran tyat namuna sphatik tayar karanyachi aavashyakta nasate, tarr cryo-emsathiche namune flash-gothavale jaatat aanee tyanchya sthanik avasthanmadhye tapasale jaatat.
proteopedianusar, prathine deta bankevar ksh-kiran sphatikalekhanadvare (19 meey 2019 paryant) prapt kelele madhyam resolution 2.05 aahe aanee nondinvar prapt kelele sarvoch resolution (30 september 2022 paryant) 0.08 aahe. 2020 paryant, cryo-emdware nirdharit kelelya prathinanchya bahutansh sanrachana 3-4 chya qamee resolutionvar aahet. tathapi, 2020 paryant, sarvottam cryo-emm resolution 1.22 aii. aii. nondavale gele aahe, jyamule kahee prakarananmadhye teey resolutionmadhye pratispardhi banate.
sahsambandhit prakash cryo-tame aanee cryo-ett.
2019 madhye, neuronal peshinmadhil tunnel nanotubes (tii. aine. tii.) chey nirikshan karnyasathi sahsambandhit prakash cryo-tame aanee cryo-etcha vapar karnyat aala.
scanning electron chryomycroscopy.
scanning electron chryomycroscopy (cryosem) heey eka scanning electron microscopy tantra aahe, jyamadhye cryogenic chembarmadhye scanning electron microscopechya thund avasthemadhye asate.