all-mutadid

aboo all-abbas ahmed ibn talaha all-muwafaq (), 853/4 kinwa 860/1-5 april 902, jyala tyachya rajvatichya naav all-mutadid bii-lahh (, "dewala aadhar midvane") neey adhik olakhale jaate, too 892 pasoon 902 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant abbasid khalifacha khalifa hota.
all-muu 'tadid haah all-muvafakcha mulga hota, joou tyacha bhau khalifa all-muu' tameed yachya karkirdit abbasid rajyacha karbhari aanee prabhavi shasak hota. eka rajkumar mhanoon, bhavishyatil all-mutadid yane vividh lashkari mohimandarmyan tyachya vadilanchya netrutvakhali seva kelee, visheshtah jhanj bandkhori dadapanyat, jyamadhye tyane pramukh bhoomika bajavali. juuna 891 madhye all-muvafakcha mrutyu jhaala tevha all-muu 'tadid rajpratinidhi mhanoon tyachya jaagi aala. tyane patkan tyacha chulat bhau aanee spasht varasdar all-mufavidla bajula kele; aktoobar 892 madhye jevha all-mutamid maran pavala, tevha too sinhasanavar basala. tyachya vadilanpramanech, all-muu 'tadidchi satta tyachya sainyashi asalelya jawalchya sambandhanvar avalambun hotee. heey pratham jhanjaviruddhachya mohimandarmyan banavat hote aanee nantarchya mohimanmadhye tyanna balkati denyat aalee, jyache khalifane swatah netrutva keleh all-muu 'tadid haah serve abbasid khalifanpaiki sarvat lashkaridrushtya sakriy asalyache siddha hoil. aaplya urja aanee kshamatedvare, mageel dashakanchya ashantatedarmyan tyanni gamavaleli kahee satta aanee prant abbasid rajyat punarsanchayit karnyat teey yashasvi jhaale.
mohimanchya malikemadhye tyane jazira, tughur aanee jibal prant parat midavale aanee purvekadil kusum aanee pashchimekadil tulunidsashi susanvad sadhala jyamule tyanchi-jaree mothya pramanat nammatra asali taree-califal adhipatyachi manyata surakshit jhaali. heey yash arthvyavasthela jawaljawal keval sainyachya dekhbhalisathi sajj karnyachya kimmativar aale, jyacha parinam kendriya vittiy nokarshahicha vistar aanee satta vadhanyat jhaala aanee khalifachya lobhasathichya kayamswarupi pratishthet yogdan dile. gunhegaranna shiksha kartana all-muu 'tadid tyachya kroortesathi prasiddha hota aanee tyanantarchya itihaskaranni tyachya vyapak aanee kushalpane kelelya chhalabaddal nond kelee. tyachya karkirdit rajdhani kayamswarupi bagdadla parat halavali gelee, jithe too mothya bandhkam kamanmadhye guntalela hota. sunni paramparavadi rudhivadi dharmacha drudh samarthak asalelya tyane tarihi alid lokanshi changle sambandh thewale aanee naisargik vidnyanat rus ghetala, jyamule vidwan aanee shastradnyanchya califal prayojakatvache nutanikaran jhaale.
tyache yash asoonahi, all-muu 'tadidche rajyakal akheris khalifachya nashibala chirsthayi ulatya karnyasathi khoop lahan hote aanee tyane jyaa punarujjivanache netrutva kele teey rajyachya pramukhsthani asalelya saksham vyaktinchya upasthitivar khoop avalambun hote. tyacha qamee saksham mulga aanee varasdar, all-muktafichya alpakalin karkirdit ajunahi kahee mothe fayade disun aale, visheshtah tulunid kshetranche vilinikaran, parantu tyachya nantarchya uttaradhikaryanmadhye tyachya urjecha abhav hota aanee navah shatru karmatiyanchya swarupat disu lagale. yavyatirikt, all-muu 'tadidchya karkirdichya uttaradhat spasht jhalelya nokarshahitil gatvadamule aagami dashakanparyant abbasid sarkar durbal hoil, jyamule akheris lashkari sainikanchya malikanni khalifache varchasva gajavale, jyacha parinam 946 madhye kharedidaranni bagdadvar vijay midvanyat jhaala.
prarambhik jeevan.
all-mutadidcha janm ahmed, talhacha mulga, abbasid khalifa all-mutavakkil () chya mulanpaiki eka aanee dirar navacha greek gulam mhanoon jhaala. tyachya janmachi nemki tarikh adnyat aahe; kaaran tyachya rajyabhishekachya velee too aththavis kinwa ektis varshancha hota asey vegvegalya prakare nondavale gele aahe, tyacha janm 854 kinwa 861 chya sumaras jhaala hota. 861 madhye, all-mutavakkilachi tyachya turkey rakshakankadun tyacha sarvat motha mulga all-muntasir () yachya sangatine hatya karnyat aalee hotee. yamule antargat ashantatecha kaal suru jhaala, jyala khalifachya rajdhanichya thikanahun 'samra yethe arajakta' mhanoon olakhale jaate, joou 870 madhye ahmadche kaka, all-mutamid () yanchya sinhasanavar baslyanantar sampala. tathapi, kharee satta abhijat turkey gulam-sainikankade () aanee ahmadche swatache vadil talha yanchyakade aalee hotee, jeey khalifache mukhya lashkari senapati mhanoon khalifa sarkar aanee turk yanchyat mukhya madhyasth mhanoon kaam karat hote. khalifachya shailit all-muwafaq heey sanmananiy naav dharan karoon, talha lavkarach khalifacha prabhavi shasak banala, joou all-mutamidne egyptala paloon jaanyachya ayashasvi prayatnanmule 882 madhye eka sthan majboot jhaala, jyamule tyala najarkaidet thevanyat aale.
samra yetheel arajakte" darmyan prantanmadhil kalifal adhikar kosalala, parinami 870 chya dashkaparyant kendra sarkarne iraqchya mahanagar pradeshabaheril bahutek khalifa rajyanvar prabhavi niyantran gamavale hote. paschimes, egypt turkey gulam-sainik ahmed ibn tulunchya niyantranakhali aala hota, jyane all-muvafakashi siriyachya niyantranavar dekhil vaad ghatala hota, tarr khurasan aanee bahutek islamik purvecha bhag, pertian rajvansh, jyane abasidchya nishthavan grahakanchi, tahiridanchi jaaga ghetali, tyane tabyat ghetala hota. arabi dweepkalpacha bahutansh bhag tyachprakare sthanik sthanik gamavala gela, tarr tabaristanmadhye kattarpanthi zaidi sheeya rajgharanyane satta ghetali. agadi irakmadhyehi, jhanjachya bandamule, africi gulamanna khalchya iraqchya baganmadhye kaam karnyasathi aanale gele, bagdadalach dhoka nirman jhaala aanee pudhe dakshinekade karmeshiyan heey eka naveen dhoka hote. asha prakare all-muvafakche rajpratinidhitva heey ulthapalath hott asalelya khalifa samrajyache patan honyapasoon vachavanyasathicha eka nirantar sangharsh hota. ibn tulunkadoon egypt aanee syriavar niyantran midvanyache tyache prayatna ayashasvi jhaale, nantarche dekhil tyacha pradesh vistaru shakale aanee aanuvanshik shasak mhanoon manyata midvu shakale, parantu baghdad tabyat ghenyachya uddeshane jhalelya eka kusum aakramanala mage hatvoon aanee dirgh sangharshanantar jhanjala parabhoot karoon irakmadhil khalifacha gabha tikavoon thevanyat too yashasvi jhaala.
jhanj aanee tulunidschya virodhat mohima.
bhavishyatil all-muu 'tadid-jyacha ullekh samanyatah abul-abbasne keela aahe-tyala tyacha pahila lashkari anubhav milel aanee tyachya karkirdiche vaishishtya asalelya jawalche lashkari sambandh prasthapit hotil, heey jhanjachya virodhat hote. all-muvafakne tyachya mulala lahanpanapasunach lashkari sangopan dile aanee tarun rajkumar eka utkrusht swar aanee eka namr senapati banala, jyane tyachya mansanchya aanee tyanchya ghodyanchya sthitikade vaiyaktik laksh dile.
869 madhye bund suru jhalyapasun eka dashakachya aat, jhanjane basra aanee vaseet shaharansah bahutansh khalcha iraq tabyat ghetala aanee khuzistanmadhye vistar keela. 879 madhye, kusum rajyacha sansthapak, yakub all-safar yachya mrutyune, abbasid sarkarla jhanj bandkhoriviruddha aapale laksh purnapane kendrit karnyas parvanagi dilee aanee december 879 madhye 10,000 sainikanchya pramukhpadi abul-abbaschi niyukti haah yuddhacha nirnayak tappa tharala. tyanantarchya dirgh aanee kathor sangharshat, jyamadhye mesopotemiyachya daldalitil ubhaychar mohimancha samavesh hota, abul-abbas aanee tyachya swatachya-jyapaiki dirghkal seva denare zirak all-turkey sarvat prasiddha hote-tyanni pramukh bhoomika bajavali. jaree abbasid sainyat akheris sainyabal, svayamsevak aanee jhanj dalbadalu lokanchi bharr padali asali, taree kahee parantu uchchabhru lokannich sainyacha kanaa tayar keela, tyanchya netrutvachi padey bharoon takali aanee yuddhacha fatka sahan keela, bahutekda teey abul-abbaschya vaiyaktik adhipatyakhali hote. anek varshe jhanjachya bhovati haloohaloo fasavar shikka lavlyanantar, august 883 madhye abbasi sainyane bund sampavoon, all-mukhtara yaa tyanchya rajdhanivar hallah keela. all-tabarine lihilelya itihasat jatan kelelya majee jhanj bandkhorane kelelya yuddhacha tapshilvar ahwal, all-muwafaq aanee abul-abbas yanchya nayak mhanoon bhoomikevar jore deto, jyanni ulthapalath jhalelya muslim rajyachya bachavat bund dadapale; khalifachya sattevar tyancha "vastavik" kabja kayadeshir tharvanyachya tyanchya prachar prayatnanmadhye hii yashasvi moheem eka pramukh sadhan banel.
meey 884 madhye ibn tulunchya mrutyunantar, done khalifal senapati ishaq ibn kundaj aanee ibn abul-saaj yanni paristhiticha fayda ghenyacha prayatna keela aanee syriatil tulunid kshetranvar hallah keela, parantu tyanche prarambhik laabh vegane ulatale. ulatale vasant rutumadhye abul abbasla aakramanacha taba ghenyasathi pathvanyat aale. lavkarach too tulunidanna parabhoot karnyat aanee tyanna palestinela maghar ghenyas bhag padnyat yashasvi jhaala, parantu ibn kundaj aanee ibn abul-saaj yanchyashi jhalelya bhandananantar, nantarchya doghanni moheem sodoon dilee aanee tyanche sainya mage ghetale. 6 april roji tauhinchya ladhait abul-abbasne ibn tuluncha mulga aanee varasdar khumaraveh yacha pratyaksh samna keela. abbasid rajkumar suruvatila vijayi jhaala, jyamule kumarwahla paloon jaanyas bhag padale gele, parantu tyacha parabhav jhaala aanee too yuddhbhumitun paloon gela, tarr tyachya sainyacha barachsa bhag kaidi karnyat aala. yaa vijayanantar tulunidanni byzantine samrajyasah jazira aanee simavarti bhaganvar (tughal) tyanche niyantran vadhavale. 886 madhye eka shantata karar jhaala, jyamadhye all-muwafakala varshik khandanichya badalyat 30 varshansathi egypt aanee syriavar varsagat governor mhanoon khumaravehla manyata denyas bhag padale gele. pudhil done varshant, abul-abbas tyachya vadilanchya, kusumanchya niyantranatun faras midvanyachya akherchya ayashasvi prayatnanmadhye sameel jhaala.
turungwas aanee sinhasanavar basane.
yaa kalat, kaaran aspasht asale taree, abul-abbas aanee tyachya vadilanmadhil sambandh bighadale. aadhich 884 madhye, abul-abbasne bagdadmadhye all-muvafakchya vazir saeed ibn makhaladchya virodhat, kadachit naan bharalelya vetanabaddal dangal kelee. akheris, 889 madhye, abul-abbasla tyachya vadilanchya aadeshanusar atak karnyat aalee aanee turungat taknyat aale, jithe tyachya nishthavantanchya nidarshane asoonahi too rahila. all-muwafaq jibalmadhye done varshe ghalavalyanantar bagdadla parat yeiparyant too meey 891 paryant najarkaidet rahila.
sandhivatane grast asalela all-muwafaq spashtapane mrutyuchya jawal hota; vajir ismayil ibn bulbul aanee bagdadcha shahar commander, abul-sakar, jyala all-mutamid mhanatat aanee tyache varasdar all-mufavvadsah tyache mulge, tyanchya swatachya hetunsathi paristhiticha fayda ghenyachya aashene shaharat aale. abul abbasla bajula saranyacha haah prayatna sainik aanee samanya lokanmadhil tyachya lokpriyatemule ayashasvi jhaala. tyala tyachya vadilanchya mrutyushayyes bhet denyasathi mokalya karnyat aale aanee 2 juuna roji all-muvafakcha mrutyu jhaala tevha too lagechach satta swikaru shakala. bagdadchya jamavane tyachya virodhakanchi ghare lutali aanee ibn bulbulla barkhast karoon turungat taknyat aale, jithe kahee mahinyanantar gairvartanukimule tyacha mrutyu jhaala. abul abbaschya agentsney pakadalya gelelya ibn bulbulchya konatyahi samarthakanchi ashich vaat pahat hotee.
aata 'sarvashaktiman' abul abbas tyachya vadilanchya serve padanvar khalifa aanee all-mufavvad yanchyanantarchya uttaradhikarachya ranget padd aanee padasah uttaradhikari jhaala. kahee mahinyant, 30 april 892 roji, all-muu 'tadidne tyachya chulat bhawala uttaradhikaratun purnapane kadhoon takale. asha prakare, 14 aktoobar 892 roji jevha all-muu 'taimid maran pavala, tevha all-muu' taidid yane khalifa mhanoon satta ghetali.
rajya karato.
prachyashastradnya harrold bowen yanni all-muu 'tadid yanchya rajyabhishekachya velee tyanche varnan khalilpramane keleh tyanchya vadilanpramanech, all-muu' tadid yanchi shakti tyanchya sainyashi asalelya jawalchya sambandhanvar avalambun hotee. itihaskar hugg aine. kenedi lihito, too "sinhasanavar aala, moolatah, eka hadpai mhanoon...] konatyahi kayadeshir adhikarane navhe, tarr tyachya pathimbyamule, jyane keval too khalifa honar nahee, tarr sainyatil tyanchya pratispardhyancha upman aanee vighatan dekhil sunishchit kele. tyamule, lashkari karvayanmadhye tyachi ruchi nasht jhaali, visheshtah too sahasa mohimevar swatachya sainyache netrutva karat asalyane yaat aashchary vatnyasarkhe kahee nahee. yamule eka yoddha-khalifa aanee islami shraddhecha vijeta mhanoon tyachi pratishtha surakshit jhaali); itihaskar michael bonnerne tippani kelyapramane, "[tii] 'ghazi khalifa' chee bhoomika, jee haroon all-rasheedane shodhali aanee all-muu 'tasimane vadhavali, aata all-muu' tadidchya athak mohimet tyachi sarvat mothee kamgiri hotee".
tyachya rajvatichya suruvatipasunach, naveen khalifa abbasid khalifache vibhajan ulatanyasathi nighala, jyachya dishene tyane shakti aanee mutsaddegirichya mishranane kaam kele. jaree eka sakriy aanee utsahi pracharak asala taree, all-muu 'tadid haah "eka kushal mutsaddi dekhil hota, joou parabhoot karnyas phaar shaktishali asalelyanshi tadjod karnyas nehmich tayar hota", asey kenedi yanni mhatale aahe.
tulunidsashi sambandh.
naveen khalifane tyachya sarvat shaktishali jagirdar, tulunid rajvatibaddal swikarlelya tadjodichya manovruttitun heey dhoran lagech spasht jhaale. 893 chya vasant rutumadhye, all-mutadid yane, 3,00,000 dinar aanee aanakhi 2,00,000 dinar thakbakichya varshik khandanichya badalyat, tasech diyar rabia aanee diyar mudar yaa done jaziran prantanchya califal niyantranakade parat yenyachya badalyat, egypt aanee syriavar swayatt amir mhanoon tyachya karyalayat khumarwahla manyata dilee aanee punha pushti kelee. kararavar shikkamortab karnyasathi, khumaravehne aapali mulgi katar all-naada ("dava themb") hii khalifachya eka mulala vadhoo mhanoon deu kelee, parantu all-muu 'tadidne tichyashich lagn karane nivadle. tulooni rajkumari tichyabarobar daha laakh dinar hunda mhanoon gheuun aalee, hii 'madhyayugeen arab itihasatil sarvat bhavya manali jaanari lagnachi bhet' (therry biankis) hotee. bagdadmadhye tiche aagman tichya sevakanchya vilas aanee udhalpattine chinhankit kele gele, jeey garib califal darbarapeksha agadi vegale hote. eka kathenusar, sakhol shodh ghetalyanantar, all-muu 'tadidchya mukhya napunskala rajwada sajavanyasathi keval paach alankrut chandi aanee sonyachya menbattya sapadalya, tarr rajkumarisobat pratyeki 150 nokar ashee menbatti gheuun hote. tyanantar all-mutadid yanni asey mhatale aahe qee, "chala, aapan jaaun swatahla lapavuya, nahitar aapan aaplya garibeet sapadanar aahot". 
dusarikade, yaa sampoorn prakaranacha cutt all-muu 'tadid yane jaanunbujun eka "aarthik sapala" mhanoon rachala asava, kaaran prachand hunda yamule tulunid khajinyache jawaljawal diwalkhori jhaali hotee. kaliphal rajvanshashi sambandhit asanyachya sanmanashivay, tulunidanna tyaa badalyat farse kahee midale naheeh katar all-naada lagnanantar lagechach maran pavala aanee 896 madhye khumaravehchya hatyene tulunid rajya kumaravehchya qamee vayachya mulanchya asthir hatanmadhye sodale. all-muu 'tadid yane yacha twarit fayda ghetala aanee 897 madhye tyane tugharachya simavarti amirativar aapale niyantran vadhavale, jithe, michael bonnerchya shabdat, "[tyane] dirgh kalavadhinantar, varshik unhali mohimeche netrutva karnyacha aanee byzantine samrajyaviruddha sanrakshanachi vyavastha karnyacha juna califal visheshadhikar dharan keela". yavyatirikt, tyachya padachi kalifal manyata midvinyasathi, naveen tulunid shasak haroon ibn khumaraveh () yala aanakhi savalati denyas bhag padale gele, homeschya uttarecha serve siiriya parat deela gela aanee varshik khandani 450,000 dinarparyant vadhavali gelee. pudhil kahee varshant, urvarit tulunid kshetranmadhye deshantargat vadhati ashantata aanee karmatian hallyanchya vadhimule, anek tulunid anuyayanna punarutthanshil khalifat sameel honyas protsahan midale.
jazira, transcockesia aanee byzantine front.
jaziramadhye naveen khalifa vividh virodhkanviruddha sangharsh karat hotah jawaljawal tees varshe junya khariji bandabarobarach, vividh swayatt sthanik shrimant hote, pramukhyane amid aanee diyar bakarcha shayabani shasak, ahmed ibn isa all-shayabani aanee taghalibi pramukh hamdan ibn hamdun. 893 madhye, jaree antargat bhandananmule khariji vichalit jhaale hote, tarr all-muu 'tadid yanni shayabankadun mosul tabyat ghetale. 895 madhye hamdan ibn hamdunla tyachya balekillyanmadhun hakaloon denyat aale, tyachi shikar karnyat aalee aanee tyala tabyat ghenyat aale. shevati, khud khariji neta haroon ibn abdullah yacha hamdancha mulga hussen yane 896 madhye parabhav keela aanee tyala tabyat ghetale, tyanantar tyala bagdadla pathvanyat aale, jithe tyala vadhastambhavar khilanyat aale. yaa shoshanamule califal sainyatil hussen ibn hamdanchya ullekhaneey karkirdichi suruvat jhaali aanee hamdanid kutumbacha haloohaloo jaziramadhye sattevar uday jhaala. ahmed all-shayabani 898 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant kayam rahila, tyacha mulga muhammad tyachya jaagi aala. pudhchya varshi, all-muu 'tadid jazirala paratala, tyane muhammadala madhyabhagatun hakaloon dile aanee tyacha sarvat motha mulga aanee varas allie all-muktafi yala rajyapal mhanoon sthapit karoon kendra sarkarchya niyantranakhalil sampoorn prantache punarmilan kele.
tathapi, transcocatiatil jazirachya uttares prabhavi califal niyantran punarsanchayit karnyat all-muu 'tadid asamarth hota, jithe armeniya aanee adharbayjan aksharshah swatantra sthanik rajvanshachya hatat rahile. ibn abul-saaj, joou aata adharbaijancha kalifal governor hota, tyane 898 chya sumaras swatahla swatantra ghoshit kele, jaree tyane lavkarach khrishchan armeniyan rajkumaranshi jhalelya sangharshadarmyan khalifachya adhipatyachi punha olakh patavali. 901 madhye jevha tyacha mrutyu jhaala, tevha tyacha mulga devdad tyachya jaagi aala, jyamule yaa pradeshatil ardh-swatantra sajid rajvanshache ektrikaran jhaale. 900 madhye ibn abul-saaj yanchyavar tarasaschya namvantanchya sahkaryane diyar mudar prant tabyat ghenyacha cutt rachalyacha sanshayahi hota, jyanantar sudbuddhine khalifane tyala atak karnyache aadesh dile aanee shaharacha tafa jaloon khaq jhaala. byzantiumviruddhachya shatkanushatke chalalelya yuddhat haah nirnay eka swayam-prerit adthala hota; alikadchya dashakanmadhye, byzantine simavarti prantanvaril hallyanmadhye tarcian aanee tyanchya tafyane mothee bhoomika bajavali hotee. tarr byzantinechya antargat syrian tafyane 900 chya sumaras demian auph tarsusche bandar uddhvast kele aanee arab tafyane pudhil done dashkant aegean samudrat vidhvans ghadavun aanala, tarr byzantinesla meliyassarkhya armeniyan nirvasitanchya oghamule jaminivar balkat karnyat aale. byzantine lokanni simavarti pradeshanvar tyanche niyantran vadhavanyas suruvat kelee, vijay midavale aanee done samrajyanmadhil purvichya noow-manchya pradeshat naveen prant (sankalpana) sthapan kele.
purv aanee kusum.
islamik purvet, khalifala kusumanchya varchasvache vastav manya karnyas bhag padale gele aanee kadachit kenedinusar, mageel dashakanmadhye tahiridanni anubhavalelya samaan bhagidarit tyancha vapar karnyachya aashene, tyanchyasobat 'modus vivendi' sthapan kelee. parinami, kesarad shasak amr ibn all-lethla khurasan aanee purv pertia tasech farcechya tabyat manyata midali, tarr abbasidanna paschim persiaver, mhanje jibal, rey aanee isfahanvar thet niyantran thevayache hote. yaa dhoranamule khalifala isfahan aanee nihavandvar kendrit asalelya aanakhi eka ardh-swatantra sthanik rajvanshachya dulafidanchya pradeshanna parat midvanyache swatantrya midale. jevha 893 madhye dulafid ahmed ibn abd all-aziz ibn abii dulaf maran pavala, tevha all-mutadidne tyacha mulga all-muktafi yala rey, kazvin, kum aanee hamadanmadhye rajyapal mhanoon sthapit karnyasathi vegane halchali kelya. 896 madhye purnapane padchyut honyapurvi dulafid heey tyanchya mukhya pradeshapurate maryadit hote, tarihi, yaa pradeshanvaril abbasidcha taba anishchit rahila, visheshtah tabaristanmadhil zaidi amiratichya jawal asalyamule aanee 897 madhye reyala kusum niyantranakade sopavanyat aale.
iranmadhil abbasid-safareed bhagidari, general rafee ibn harthamaviruddhachya tyanchya sanyukt prayatnat sarvat spashtapane vyakt jhaali, jyane reymadhye aapala paya ghatala hota aanee yaa pradeshatil califal aanee kusumi yaa donhi hitsambandhanna dhoka nirman keela hota. all-mutadidne rafeela tabyat ghenyasathi ahmed ibn abd all-azizla pathavale, joou paloon gela aanee tyane tabaristanchya zaydi lokanshi julavun gheuun, kufaridankadun khurasan tabyat ghenyachya prayatnat samaan hetu keela. tathapi, aamarne tyachya virodhat lokanchya aladivirodhi bhavna sanghatit kelyane aanee zayadhyankadun apekshit madat pratyakshat aananyat ayashasvi jhalyane, 896 madhye raficha parabhav jhaala aanee khwarazammadhye tyala thaar maranyat aale. aata tyachya sattechya shikharavar asalelya amarne parabhoot bandkhoranche doke bagdadla pathavale aanee 897 madhye khalifane rayache niyantran tyachyakade hastantarit kele. muu 'tadid yanni 898 madhye amr yanna transoxianacha governor mhanoon niyukt kelyanantar hii bhagidari akheris kosalali, jyavar tyanche pratispardhi, sumnids yanni rajya kele hote. all-muu 'taimidne amrala sumnidscha samna karnyasathi jaanunbujun protsahit kele, keval 900 madhye amracha crush parabhav karoon tyanna qaid karnyasathi. sumnid shasak ismayil ibn ahmedne tyala bagdadla sakhalyanmadhye pathavale, jithe all-muu' taididchya mrutyunantar 902 madhye tyala fashi denyat aalee. all-muu 'tadid yanni ismayil ibn ahmed yanna amrachi padvi aanee rajyapalpad pradan kele. khalifa dekhil pharsa aanee kirman parat midvanyasathi pudhe gela, parantu amracha natoo tahir yachya netrutvakhalil kusum avashesh anek varshe heey prant tabyat ghenyachya abbasidchya prayatnanna ayashasvi karnyasathi purese lavchik tharale. 910 paryant abbasidanna pratishthit pharsa prant parat midvanyat yash aale nahee.
panthiyavadacha uday aanee parighatil vibhajan.
tyachya shatkat, sheeya siddhantanvar aadharit anek naveen chalvali udayala aalya, jyanni sthapit shasananna virodh karnyasathi kharijivadachi jaaga ghetali. tyanni abbasid samrajyachya parighamadhye tyanche pahile yash midavaleh tabaristanmadhil zaidi tabyat 897 madhye yemenmadhye punaravrutti jhaali. all-mutadidchya kalat, eka naveen dhoka khalifachya mahanagaranchya jawal disalah karmatian. 874 chya sumaras kufa yethe sthapan jhalela eka kattarpanthi ismayali panth, karmatian heey moolatah savad (khalchya iraq) madhye eka turalak aanee kirkol upadrav hote, parantu 897 nantar tyanchi shakti vegane dhokadayak pramanat vadhali. aboo saeed all-jannabichya netrutvakhali tyanni 899 madhye baharayan tabyat ghetale aanee pudhchya varshi all-abbas ibn amr all-ghanavi yanchya netrutvakhali califal sainyacha parabhav keela. all-mutadidchya mrutyunantarchya varshanmadhye, karmatiyananna "jhanjachya kalapasoon abbasidanna tond dilele sarvat dhokadayak shatru siddha karayache hote" (kenedi). tyach velee, aboo abdullah all-sheei yaa kufan ismayali dharmpracharkane makkechya tirthyatredarmyan kutama berbershee sampark sadhala. tyachya dharmantar karnyachya prayatnanni tyanchyat zapatyane pragati kelee aanee 902 madhye tyane abasidanche grahak ifriciachya aghlabid amirativar halle karnyas suruvat kelee. 909 madhye tyacha vijay purn jhaala aanee fatim khalifa rajvaticha paya ghatala.
deshantargat sarkar.
vittiy dhorane.
all-mutasimchya sudharanannantar abbasid sainya heey purvichya califal sainyapeksha lahan aanee adhik vyavsayik ladhau dall hote. jaree teey lashkaridrushtya prabhavi tharale asale taree tyane abbasid rajvatichya sthiratesathi sambhavya dhoka nirman kelah khalifachya parighatil aanee tyapalikadchya pradeshatil turk aanee itar lokankadoon aakarshit houn, teey khalifachya madhyavarti bhagachya samajapasun alipta jhaale, parinami sainik "keval rokh rakmesathi navhe tarr tyanchya astitvasathi rajyavar purnapane avalambun hote" (kenedi). parinami, kendra sarkarne tyanna pagar denyat konatyahi apayashacha parinam lashkari uthav aanee rajkiy sankatat jhaala; samra yetheel arajakatechya kalat heey varanvar disun aale hote. parinami, lashkarache niyamit vetan sunishchit karane heey rajyache pramukh kaam banale. kenedinusar, all-muu 'tadidchya rajyabhishekachya velechya khajinyachya dastaivajavar aadharitah 
tyach velee, kendra sarkarchya niyantranatun curr bharnare anek prant haravalyanantar khalifancha aarthik aadhar lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala hota. kalifal sarkar aata savad aanee iraqchya khalchya bhagatil itar bhaganchya mahasulavar adhikadhik avalambun hote, jeey gruhyuddhanchya vyatyayamule aanee sinchan jaalyakade durlaksh kelyamule krishi utpadaktet zapatyane ghat hott asalyache pahat hote. haroon all-rasheed (786-809) chya karkirdit savdane 102,500,000 dirhamcha varshik mahasool deela hota, joou egyptchya mahasulachya duppat aanee syriachya tippat hota; 10 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant too tyaa aakadyachya eka trutiyanshpeksha qamee dett hota. urvarit prantanmadhye, ardh-swayatt rajyapal, bhavya aanee rajvanshache sadasya, karpranalichya madatine, curr sheticha eka prakar nishchit curr bharana karnyachya badalyat, joou teey anekada bharnyat ayashasvi tharatat, too aabhasi latifundia sthapan karoo shakale, yaa vastusthitimule paristhiti aanakhi bighadali. tyanna uralelya pradeshatoon tyancha mahasool jastit jaast karnyasathi, abbasidanni kendriya nokarshahichi vyapti aanee guntagunt vadhavali, prantanna lahan curr jilhyanmadhye vibhagale tasech vittiy vibhaganchi sankhya vadhavali, jyamule mahasool sankalan aanee aanee swatachya kriyakalapanvar barkaine dekhrekh thevata aalee.
yaa aarthik sankatacha samna karnyasathi, khaleef anekada swatah laa mahasulachya dekharekhisathi samarpit karat asey, eff. chya matey, pratishtha midvat. arthvyavasthechi bhavna, lajachi zodap' yaa shabdacha arth 'malty-dugglus' assa aahe; teey 'asha chhotya khatyanchi tapasani karatat jyancha samanya lock tiraskar kartil' (harrold bowen) asey mhatale jaat asey. tyachya rajvatit dand aanee japti anek patine vadhalya, parinami milanara mahasool, taaj kshetratun milanare utpann aanee prantiy karacha eka bhag dekhil califal prevy parsmadhye () vahato. nantarchya vibhagane aata vittiy vibhaganmadhye pramukh bhoomika midavali aanee sarvajanik khajinyapeksha () adhik paise tyanchyakade varanvar hote. all-muu 'tadidchya karkirdichya akheris, ekekali rikamya asalelya prevy parsmadhye eka kotee dinar asateel. dusarikade, dusarikade karbhar qamee karnyachya uddeshane, 895 madhye khalifane curr varshachi suruvat marchmadhil pertian naveen varshavarun 11 junparyant badalali-jeey 'all-muu' tadidche naveen varsh 'mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale-mhanoon purvichya samanyatah avishvasaniy andajanaivaji aata jameen curr (') kapaninantar gola keela jaat hota. 
nokarshahicha uday.
tyachya shatkat abbasid prashasakeey vyavastha adhikadhik vyavsayik bunley. ibn khordadbeh sarkhya bhaugolik karyanni khalifache prant aanee tyanchya rastyanchya jaalyanvishayi tapasheel pradan kelyamule prantiy prashasana kaljipurvak abhyasacha vishay banala, tarr ibn qutayaba sarkhya purushanni chancer lekhan qalaa atyant vistrut pranalimadhye vikasit kelee. all-muu 'tadidchya vittiy dhorananmule nagri nokarshahichi sthitee aanakhi majboot jhaali, jee aata tyachya prabhavachya shikharavar pohochali aanee visheshtah vazirchi, jyacha lashkardekhil khalifacha pravakta mhanoon aadar karoo lagale. all-muu 'tadid yane mangalvari aanee shukravari sarkari sarkari vishrantiche divas mhanoon dekhil suruvat kelee.
kelee babatit, all-muu 'tadidche rajya rajyachya varishtha netrutvamadhye satatyapurn hote. ubed allah ibn suleiman ibn vahab rajvatichya suruvatipasun 901 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant vazir rahila aanee tyacha mulga all-kasim tyachya jaagi aala, joou suruvatipasunach tyachya vadilansathi pratiniyukti karat hota. all-muvafakchya netrutvakhali seva karnara aanee jyachya muleene khalifachya mulashi lagn kele, too eka anubhavi sainik, friedman badra, sainyacha senapati rahila. vittiy vibhag, visheshtah savadache, pratham banul-furat bandhu ahmed aanee allie, aanee 899 nantar muhammad ibn davood aanee tyacha putanya allie ibn isa yanchya netrutvakhalil banul-jarrahdware vyavasthapit kele jaat hote. mool prashasakeey pathak itake prabhavi aanee susanvadi hote, hote shatkatil itihaskar hilal aus-saabee yanchya matey, tyanantarchya pidhyanni asey mhatale hote qee, "all-mutadid, ubaid allah, badra aanee ahmed ibn all-furat ashee chaugh, khalifa, vajir, senapati aanee aanee dashkatil pramukh ashee kadhihi navhati".
dusarikade, michel bonnerne namood kelyapramane, all-muu 'tadidchya nantarchya karkirdit "yaa nokarshahit gatvadachi vaadh jhaali, jee lashkarat aanee shahari nagri jivanatahi disun yete". banul-furat aanee banul-jarrah yaa done nokarshahi rajgharanyatil tivra shatrutva, tyanchya grahakanchya vyapak jaalyasah, yach velee suru jhaale. jaree eka majboot khalifa aanee vajir yaa vaimansyala rokhu shakat asala, taree pudhil dashakanmadhye too abbasid sarkarvar varchasva gajwel, jyat gut karyalayamadhye ekpathopath eka yet rahtil aanee anekada tyanchya purvavartinna dand aanee chhal karoon, mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya susthapit prathenusar paise kadhanyasathi tras deteel. yavyatirikt, all-kasim ibn ubed allah tyachya vadilanpeksha purnapane vegalya swarupacha hotah vazirat niyukti jhalyanantar lagechach, all-kasimne all-mutadidchi hatya karnyacha cutt rachala aanee badrala tyachya katat sameel karnyacha prayatna keela. senapatine tyache prastav santapane nakarle, parantu khalifachya achanak jhalelya mrutyunantar all-kasimla shodh aanee fashipasoon vachavanyat aale. tyanantar vazirne all-muktafivar varchasva gajavanyacha prayatna keela, badracha nishedh karnyasathi aanee tyala fashi denyasathi vegane pudhe gela aanee banul-furatchya virodhat aanakhi cutt rachanyat sameel jhaala.
rajdhani bagdadla parat karane.
all-muu 'tadid yane samra yethoon bagdadla rajdhani parat karnyache kaam dekhil purn kele, jee aadhich tyachya vadilancha mukhya tall mhanoon kaam karat hotee. tathapi, shaharache kendra vaghanchya purvekadil kathavar aanee eka shatkapurvi all-mansoor (ع) yanni sthapan kelelya mool goal shaharapasun aanakhi khalchya dishene halavanyat aale; teey aajahi tethech aahe. aahe shatkatil itihaskar all-masaudine lihilyanusar, khalifachi done mukhya aavad "mahila aanee bandhkam" ("") hotee aanee tyanusar too rajdhanitil mothya bandhkam karyat guntalela hotah tyane all-mansoorchya mothya mashidichi punarsthapana aanee vistar keela jee nirupayogi jhaali hotee; hassani rajvadyacha vistar keela; thuraya ('pleads') aanee firdas ('nandanavan') chey naveen rajwade bandhale; aanee taaj ('mukut') rajvadyavar kaam suru kele, jeey all-muktafichya kalat purn jhaale. yamule daar all-khilafa yaa vishal naveen kalifal rajvadyachya sankulachi nirmiti jhaali, jeey 1258 paryant abbasid khalifanche nivassthan rahile. all-muu 'tadid yane galyukt dujayal kalwa saaf karoon shaharachya sinchan jaalyachi punarsthapana karanyachi kalji ghetali, jyacha fayda midvinyasathi ubhe asalelya jameenmalakanchya paishanni heey paise dile.
dharamshastriy siddhant aanee vidnyanacha prachar.
siddhantanchya babatit, all-mutadid yane tyachya karkirdichya suruvatipasunach sunni paramparavadi rudhivadi vrutticha thampane pathimba darshavala, dharamshastriy karyanna manai kelee aanee malmattesathi jababdar vittiy vibhag radd keela, jyala hanbali kayadeshir mutt bekaydeshir manale. tyach velee tyane alid lokanshi changle sambandh rakhanyacha prayatna keela, asha prakare qee umaraid khalifacha sansthapak aanee alicha mukhya virodhak muu 'yavia yala adhikrut shaap denyache aadesh denyacha gambhirpane vichar keela; tyachya sallagaranni tyala shevatchya kshanich rokhale, jyanna asha krutiche konatehi anpekshit parinam hotil ashee bheeti hotee. all-muu 'tadid yane tabaristanchya vibhakt jhalelya zaidi imamanshi dekhil changle sambandh thewale, parantu 901 madhye yemenmadhye yemenmadhye zaidi rajyachi sthapana rokhanyat tyachi all-samarthak bhoomika apayashi tharali.
all-muu 'tadid yane tyachya tyachya shatkachya purvavartin all-maam' muun (ال-maam 'taseem) aanee all-vathik (ال-vathik) yanchya kalat bharbharatila aalelya shikshan aanee vidnyanachya paramparanna dekhil sakriyapane protsahan dile. all-mutavakkilachya karkirdit, tyachya uttaradhikarina bauddhik karyat sahbhagi honyasathi vilasipanacha abhav hota, tarr tyachya karkirdit sunni rudhivadi vruttiche punragman aanee vaidnyanik chaukashichi ghruna disun aalee hotee, tyachya kalat vaidnyanik prayatnansathi darbaratil aashray qamee jhaala hota. swatah "naisargik vidnyanat atyant rus asalela" aanee greek bolanyas saksham asalelya all-muu 'tadid yanni greek granthanche eka mahan anuvadak aanee tyaa kalatil ganitshastradnya, thabit ibn kurra aanee vyakarankar ibn duraid aanee all-jajjaj yanchya karkirdila protsahan dile, jyapaiki nantarche khalifachya mulanche shikshak banale. tyaa velee abbasid darbarasobat sambandhit aanee tyachya pathimbyane samarthit asalelya itar ullekhaneey vyaktinmadhye dharmik vidwan ibn abii all-dunya, jyanni khalifacha sallagar mhanoon kaam kele aanee all-muktafisathi shikshak mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee; anuvadak ishaq ibn hunain; doctor aboo bucker all-rajhee (rajhes), jyanna bagdadmadhil navyane sthapan jhalelya all-mutadidi rugnalayache sanchalak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote; aanee ganitshastradnya aanee khagolshastradnya all-batani hote.
tyaa kalatil pramukh bauddhik vyaktinpaiki eka all-muu 'tadidche swatache shikshak, ahmed ibn all-tayyab all-sarakhsi, mahan tatvadnyani all-kindiche shishya hote. all-sarakhshi khalifacha jawalcha sathidar banala, jyane tyala bagdadchya bajar paryavekshakachya fayadeshir padavar niyukt kele, parantu khalifa ragavalyanantar 896 madhye tyala fashi denyat aalee. eka vruttanusar, all-kasim ibn ubed allah-jyala all-mutadidchya darbaratil aakhyayakanmadhye anekada khalnayak mhanoon chitrit kele jaate-tyane fashichya divashi bandkhoranchya yadeet all-sarakhshiche naav samavisht kele; khalifane yadivar swakshari kelee aanee tyachya junya malkachya fashinantarach tyachya chukibaddal kalale.
all-mutadidchya antargat nyay aanee shiksha.
nyayachya vitaranat, malty-dugglus jyache varnan 'krooratechya simevaril tivrata' asey karatat, teey tyache vaishishtya hote. chook sahansheel asatana aanee bhavnikta aanee komalata yanchya pradarshanapeksha varr naan jaata, jevha tyacha krodh usalala tevha tyane sarvat kushal paddhatine chhal keela aanee tyachya rajvadyachya khalee vishesh yatna kaksh bandhale. all-masudi aanee mamluk itihaskar all-safadi yanchyasarkhya itihaskaranni khalifane kaidyanvar kelelya atyacharanche tasech bagdadmadhye sarvajanikaritya pradarshit karoon tyanche udaharan banavanyachya tyanchya pratheche tapshilvar varnan kele aahe. asha prakare khalifane aaplya kaidyanna fugavanyasathi kinwa tyanna ulatya khaddyanmadhye puranyasathi ghanta vajavali asey sangitale jaate. tyach velee teey tyachya tivrateche nyayya, rajyachya hitasathi asalyache samarthan karatat. malty-dugglus mhanatat qee jevha all-safadine all-muu 'tadidchi tulana abbasid rajyachya sthapkashi kelee aanee tyala' all-safah dusra 'mhatale, tevha heey keval tyachya khalifachya sampattichya punarsthapanavar jore denyasathi navhate, tarr all-safahchya navachya,' raktapat karnara 'yachya arthacha thet sanket dekhil hota.
mrutyu aanee varsa.
all-muu 'tadid yanche 5 april 902 roji vayachya 40 kinwa 47 vya varshi hasanchya rajvadyat nidhan jhaale. tyanna vish denyat aale asalyachya afava hotya, parantu tyanchya mohimanchya kathoratesah tyanchya aswasthyakar ayushyane tyanche aarogya gambhirpane kamkuvat kele asanyachi shakyata jaast aahe. tyachya shevatchya aajarpanat tyane tyachya doctoranchya sallyache palan karnyas nakar deela aanee tyanchyapaiki ekala laath maroon thaar marle. tyanchya mage chaar mule aanee anek mulee assa parivar aahe. tyachya mulanpaiki teen-all-muktafi, all-muktadir aanee all-kahir-khalifa mhanoon rajya kartil aanee keval eka, haroon, khalifa jhaala nahee. baghdad shaharat daphan jhalela all-muu 'tadid haah pahila abbasid khalifa hota. tyachya nantarchya mulanpramanech, tyala shaharachya paschim bhagatil purvichya tahirid rajvadyat daphan karnyat aale, joou aata khalifa duyyam nivassthan mhanoon vaparat hote.
prachyashastradnya carl wilheim zetterstein yanchya matey, all-muu 'tadid yanna "eka shasak mhanoon tyanchya vadilanchya bhetvastu varshane midalya hotya aanee tyanchi arthvyavastha aanee lashkari kshamata yasathi samaan pratishtha hotee", aanee teey "kathorata aanee kroorata asoonahi abbashidanpaiki eka mahan banale". all-muu 'tadidchya saksham rajvatila abbasid khalifachya patnala kahee kaal rokhanyache shrey dile jaate, parantu tyache yash eka utsahi shasakachya upasthitivar khoop avalambun hote aanee shevati tyache rajya "dirghakalin cull ulatavanyasathi aanee dirghakalin aadharavar abbasid shakti punha sthapit karnyasathi khoop qamee hote" (kenedi).
all-muu 'tadid yane tyacha mulga aanee uttaradhikari, all-muktafeela rey aanee jaziramadhye rajyapal mhanoon niyukt karoon tyachya bhoomikesathi tayar karanyachi kalji ghetali hotee. all-muktafeene tyachya vadilanchya dhorananche palan karnyacha prayatna keela asala taree tyachyakade tyachya urjecha abhav hota. all-muwafaq aanee all-muu 'tadid yanchya mothya lashkari vyavasthesathi khalifane mohimanmadhye sakriyapane sahbhagi hone, vaiyaktik udaharan sthapit karane aanee shasak aanee sainik yanchyat aashrayadvare balkat kelele nishtheche sambandh tayar karane aavashyak hote. dusarikade, all-muktafeene "tyachya charitryat aanee vagnyat [...]..]eka baithi vyakti asalyane, sainikanmadhye khoop nishtha nirman qaraa, prerana deu dya "(michael bonner). 904 madhye tulunid kshetrancha punarsanyojan aanee karmatiyanvar vijay yasah pudhil kahee varshant khalifa ajunahi mothe yash midvu shakala, parantu 908 madhye all-muktafichya mrutyunantar tathakathit "abbasid punarsthapana" neey tyacha uchch-jalchinh paar kele aanee sankatacha eka naveen kaal suru jhaala.
aata varishtha nokarshaha sattevar hotya, jyanni kamkuvat aanee lavchik all-muktadirla sinhasanavar basavale. pudhil dashakanmadhye, darbar aanee sainya yaa donhincha kharch vadhala, tarr kushasana vadhale aanee lashkari aanee nokarshahi gatanmadhil sangharsh tivra jhaala. 932 paryant, jevha all-muktadirchi hatya jhaali, tevha khalifa prabhavipane diwalkhor jhaala aanee lavkarach satta khalifachya niyantranasathi aanee khalifachya padvisathi spardha spardha lashkari sainikanchya malikela hastantarit jhaali. yaa prakriyecha shevat 946 madhye bagdadvar kabja karnyat jhaala, jyanni navapramanech califalache swatantrya sampushtat aanale. tyanantar khalifa heey pratikatmak pramukh mhanoon rahile, parantu tyanna konatyahi lashkari kinwa rajkiy adhikar kinwa swatantra aarthik sansadhananpasun vanchit thevanyat aale.

