warren etch. manushyabal

warren heinry manning (7 november 1860-5 februwari 1938) hii eka american landscape designer aanee bagechya rachnesathi anaupacharik aanee naisargik "jangali baag" drushtikonachi pravartak hotee. tyachya rachnet, manningne "sthanik rachana aanee charitrya" tayar karnyasathi nivadak chhatanichya prakriyedvare aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya vanaspatinvar bharr deela."(carson, 1997) american landskepchya sanvardhanache vakeel, manning heey american society auph landscape architectschya nirmititil eka pramukh vyakti aanee rashtriy udyan pranaliche samarthak hote.
itihas.
warren etch. manningcha janm massatucets reading yethe jacob warren manning yanchya potee jhaala, jyanchyakade eka nursory hotee aanee tee chalavali jaat hotee. yethech manushyabalane vanaspati sahityache vyapak dnyan vikasit kele. jacob manningne tyachya mulachi phalotpadanatil aavad vadhavanyasathi tyala vanaspatishastriy mohimanmadhye aanee andreau jackson downingcha bhau charles downingchya malkichya downing narsarisah itar narsarila bhet deuun tyala protsahan dile. manningne tyachi aaee, lydia, eka jalwarnkar, hiila nisargat sapadalelya chhotya tapashilambaddalachya kautukasathi shrey dile, tyala gharachya baget ughad karoon, "pakshi, phule, tooad, phulpakhare aanee bhring (carson, 1997)" asey nirdesh kele. manningne lihile qee tyane "valoo aanee matichya tekadya, tekadya, bogade, ghare, raste aanee talav asalelya baganmadhye pratirupan kele" (carson, 1997). 1884 madhye, yaa pradarshanasah, tyachya vadilanchya narsaritil internshipchya anubhavamule, 'america rahnyasathi eka uttam thikan' banvinyachi aanee vyavasay mhanoon landscape designchi nivad karanyachi tyanchi ichcha nirman jhaali (carson, 1997).
1884 paryant, 26 varshiy manning james warren manningchya grahakansathi landscapechi rachana karat hota. shikau vidyarthi mhanoon tyanchya kalat, shanivarchya abhyas satransathi harwardchya olmsteadchya design kelelya arnold arboretammadhye upasthit asatana, manningne tyanche vanaspati dnyan pudhe nele, jeey shevati manningchya sarvat mothya prabhavanpaiki eka asel. yaa kalat, manningla manningla parvatanmadhye (nyu hampshire) (stann highwaite holl aanee gardens 2007) vanaspatinchya shikarichya sahalinvar jaanyasathi dekhil vel midala.
1885 madhye manningne tyachi patni nellie hamblin pratt hichyashi lagn kele. teen varshannantar, tyane tyachya dhyeyacha pathpurava karat, 'landscape vyavasayatil sarvat prakhyat vyakti' (stann highwaite holl aanee gardens 2007) chya sahvasachya shodhat, tyachya vadilanchi nursory sodali. tyachya shodhamule too tyachya kalatil sarvat prabhavshali landscape architectpacky eka asalelya fredrick low olmsteadchya karyalayat pohochala.
yethe manning vanaspati sahityabaddalche vyapak dnyan 1893 chya shikago columbian pradarshanasarkhya prakalpanchya lagwad aarakhadyanmadhye vaparale gele. manning antim lagwad yojana aanee udyanachya bagayati pradarshananchya sthapanesathi jababdar hote (carson, 1997). olmstead karyalayat, manningne uttar carolinatil asheville yetheel george vanderbiltchya builtmore estatechya lagwad aarakhadyavar aanee milwauki, mhashi, rochester, shikago, trenton aanee washington, dii. madheel udyanachya vistrut aarakhadyanvar dekhil kaam kele.see. suruvatila lagwad paryavekshak mhanoon kararbaddha jhaale, tyanchya vistrut bagayati dnyanane tyanchya sansthetil karyala zapatyane vistar deela aanee tyanchya aath varshanchya nokaridarmyan tyanni 22 rajyanmadhil 125 prakalpanmadhye bhag ghetala. olmsteadchya netrutvakhali kaam kartana, manningla niyojit audhyogik vyavasthanmadhye amoolya anubhav midala, joou tyachya nantarchya karkirdit mahattvachi bhoomika bajavel. boston mahanagar udyan pranalivar, yaa sansthetil bhagidar charles eliotsobat kaam kartana, eka jaageche sakhol aanee vyapak sanshodhan aanee sthalakruti, raste, panyachi vaishishtye ityadinche rekhachitre aachchadan karnyachya paddhaticha samna samna karane, heey kaam hatalanyat aale. vanaspatinchya rekhachitranvar (carson 2000). sansadhan-niyojanachi hii paddhat manushyabal rakhanyachya karkirdit varanvar vaparali jaeel.
1896 madhye, manningne boston commonjavalil tremont rastyavar swatacha vyavasay suru karnyasathi olmstead karyalay sodale. fredrick olmstead ess. aar. yachee jaaniv aahe. tyacha vyavasay tyachya donhi mulanvar aanee bhagidar charles eliotvar sopavala, manningne swatahun suruvat karnyacha nirnay ghetala (carson, 2000). manningne company sodali tevha olmsteadne tyala sumare 15 15 sobat ghenyachi parvanagi dilee; yapaiki eka grahak william gwin mather hota. matherne manushyabal rakhanyas manapasoon pathimba deela aanee cleveland, ohayo (carson, 1997) jawalil tyachya gharachya rachnesah tyanchya sampoorn aayushyat saath rachana aanee niyojan prakalpanvar tyala niyukt kele. aata purnapane prabhari asalele manning tyanna tyanna shailinchya rachanecha pathpurava karoo shakale. hii mukhytah 18 vya shatkatil ingraji pranayramya shaili hotee, jee american bhupradeshashi julavun ghetali gelee. jyache utpadan sthanik vanaspatinni (stann highwaite holl aanee gardens 2007) vikhurlele eka vistirn, naisargik rachana hote. charles gilletne tyachya karyalayat 1909-1911 madhye shikau mhanoon kaam kele.
1919 madhye, manningchi pratibha tyanna alabama yetheel birmingham yethe gheuun gelee, jithe tyanni shaharasathi naveen aarakhadyavar kaam kele. tyanni eka moolbhut sansadhan-aadharit yojanechi shifaras kelee jyat "upalabdh sansadhanandware nirdharit anek shejari-aadharit kendre" samavisht hotee (carson, 2001). teey sampoorn shaharatil udyananche mahatva dekhil nondavtat, jyat teey mhanatat qee, "jyaa shaharanchi rachana uttam prakare kelee gelee aahe, tyanche sumare aathve kshetra udyananmadhye aanee sumare eka ekar teey 75 lock aahet" (vyavasthapan, 1919). haah drushtikon tatkalin lokpriy shahar sunder chalvalichya agadi viruddha hota, jyat smarakeey nagri kendre aanee sunder qalaa vastukala shailichya sarvajanik imaratinvar (carson, 2001) bharr denyat aala hota. shikago columbian pradarshanachi sthapatya rachana shaharachya sunder chalvalivar aadharit hotee, parantu aata, swatahun, naisargikpane upalabdh asalelya sansadhananvar aadharit asalelya swatachya landscape siddhantanche anusaran karoon, manushyabalane vegalya margacha nirnay ghetala. hii kalpana tyachya 'jangali baag' chya nirmiticha aadhar hotee jee tyane tyachya anek bhupradeshachya rachananna lagoo kelee.
tyanchya karkirdit, manning yanni 1700 hoon adhik prakalpanvar kaam kele, jyat anek udyananche aarakhade, khajgi vasahati, shahar niyojan, mahavidhyalayin parisar, upavibhag, golph course aanee sarkari aanee samudayik prakalpancha samavesh aahe. manningcha bhau 1901 teey 1904 darmyan vyavsayik bhagidari mhanoon tyachyasobat sameel jhaala. bryant flamingne (1877-1946) yaa kalat tyachyasathi kaam kele. tyanni ektritpane naveen jalnissaran aanee swachchata pranalicha vapar karoon harrisburg, pensylvaniasathi eka krantikari udyan rachana tayar kelee. nairashyachya kalat manningchi pratha changli chaalat navhati aanee 1930 chya dashkaparyant tyanna phaar qamee commission milat hote. 1938 madhye, vayachya aththavisavya varshi (carson, 2001) hrudayavikarachya zatkyane manning yanche nidhan jhaale. tyanche urvarit shodhanibandh massatusates lowell vidyapith aanee ayova rajya vidyapithat gola kele jaatat. tyane daan kelelya jaminivar billerica, massatusates yethe asalelya rajya janglala tyache naav denyat aale aahe.
manningchi 'jangali udyane'.
tyachya karkirdichya suruvatilach, manningne landscape designchya tatkalin lokpriy aupcharik drushtikonachya virodhat gele aanee sthanik vanaspati aanee naisargik gatanchya adhik naisargik drushtikonavar bharr deela. ekonisavya shatkachya uttaradhatil aupcharik udyane adhik samamiteey rachana aanee alankaranchya vyapak vaparavar mothya pramanat avalambun hotee. manningne tyachya jangali bagkamache varnan "fulanchya lagvadicha too prakar joou nisargasarkhya paddhatine, kiman kaljichi aavashyakta asalelya kathor vanaspatinchya vasahatit lagwad karnyashi sambandhit aahe" (carson, 2001) asey kele aahe. tyachya suruvatichya, aprakashit nibandh 'daad nechar garden' madhye manning lihitatah
nivadak patal karane aanee chhatani karanyachi hii kalpana manningchya landscape siddhantachya kendrasthani hotee. tyanni tyanchya rachnet liken aanee burshivar bharr dett, landscapemadhil sarvat lahan tapashilancha anand sajra keela, jeey tyanchya samkakshanchya viruddha hote aanee landscape designmadhye yaa velee asamanya hote.
gwinnah jangali baag.
1907 madhye, cleveland-cliffs iyern companyche malak william gwin mather yanni charles aii. saha manningla vicharale. cleveland, ohayochya baher tyachya malmattechi rachana karnyasathi platt. ekatra kaam karnyasathi, parantu anekada ekach malmattesathi parasparvirodhi landscape designs, manning aanee platt bhadyane ghetale jaat hote. adhik aupcharik designer asalelya platney, tyachya designschi dekhbhal kartana, marg, darvaje aanee itar sthapatyashastriy ghatkanvar bharr deela, jeey 'jangali baag' drushtikonavar aadharit hote (carson, 1995). manningne tyaa thikani aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya vanaspatincha shodh lavala aanee nivadak chhatani aanee patal karoon, sunder lagwad gut aanee jaaga tayar kelya. manningne shejarchya rajyanmadhun vanaspati pathavalya, jyat mishiganmadhil jangali phule aanee uttar carolinatil rhododendron (carson, 2004) yancha samavesh aahe. 1912 madhye, matherne clevelandchya thikanajavalil aanakhi eka motha malmatta kharedi keela, jyavar manningne aanakhi eka "jangali baag" tayar kelee.
2007 pasoon khajgiritya aayojit kelele gwin heey lokansathi khule nahee. 
ullekhaneey yogdan.
olmstead ess. aar. chee company sodalyanantar teen varshanni 1899 madhye., manningne landscape aarkitektasathi eka vyavsayik sanstha tayar karnyasathi madat magat, elliot lihile. matra, eliotla sarvajanik sanghatana tayar karnyat adhik rus hota. yaa kalpaneche antim utpadan american sivil association hoil. yachee sthapana jhalyanantar, manning vyavsayik sanstha tayar karnyachya tyachya ichchekade paratala. olmstead bandhunchya madatine, american society auph landscape architectsche 11 sanadi sadasya 1899 madhye newyork shaharat pahilyanda bhetale. 1914 madhye, manning adhyaksh mhanoon kaam karnar hote (carson 2000).
eka prabhavshali landscape architect asanyavyatirikt, manning heey eka utsuk lekhak aanee amerikechya valvantachya sanvardhanache samarthak dekhil hote. asha prakare, manningne eka mothya mapping prakalpavar (1915-1916) kaam kele aanee eka "rashtriy yojana" lihili jyane rashtriy aanee rajya vann aanee udyan pranali sthapan karoon american jaminichya sanvardhanasathi vakili kelee.
massatusetschya billerica yetheel tyachya kutumbachya suruvatichya vasahatvadi nivassthanachya, manning manschya jirnoddharasathi manning jababdar hota. 1890 chya dashakat, malmatta qamee hott hotee aanee vyavasthapanane see. chey kaljipurvak dastaivajikaran kelelya punarvasanache netrutva kele. 1696 madhye ghar. tyane aaplya mrutyuparyant teey unhali ghar mhanoon vyapale hote. tyane gharajavalil mothya pramanat jameenahi kharedi kelee, jyavar tyane kahee kaal karyalay thewale. yaa jaminicha barachsa bhag aata warren echchya gabha aahe. rajya vann vyavasthapan.
prakalp.
nivasi
udyanachi vyavastha
samuday
bullwared

