
famatei

phaa 'amtai hii samoachi sthanik rajkiy (' pramukhyane ') pranali aahe, jee samoa samajachya sanghatanechya kendrasthani aahe. american samoa aanee samoaache swatantra rajya yancha samavesh asalelya donhi samoaamadhil haah paramparik swadeshi shasanpaddhati aahe. yaa sandnyemadhye upsarg 'phaa' aaa '(' chya margane 'sathee samone) aanee' matai '(kutumbache naav kinwa shirshak) haah shabd samavisht aahe.
kautumbik pramukh padvidharak 'matai' aanee tyanchya kutumbachi kalji ghenyat tyanchi bhoomika heey yaa vyavasthetil madhyavarti mahatva aahe. "pha 'amtai" hii samov sanskratitil pramukh samajik-rajkiy shasson pranali aanee jivanshaili ("phaa' aaa samoa") aahe. vistarit kutumbache kalyan aanee kalyan ('aiga') aanee kautumbik malmatteche sanrakshn, jyat sarvat mahattvache mhanje paramparik jameen asate, heey 'pha' amtai 'pranalimadhye antarbhut aahe. sumare 81 takke (567,000 ekar), paramparik malkikhali aahe, tarr urvarit rashtriy sarkarchya ("maalo") antargat sarvajanik jameen mhanoon aahe aanee aanakhi 4 takke mukt malki aahe.
yaa pranalichya shikharavar chaar pramukh padvidharak aahet-tupua tamasi, malitoa, matafa, tuimaleli 'ifano-jyanna taama-aii-aiga (' kutumbanche putra ') mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey tyanna samoachya rajgharanyavar netrutva deu karatat. samoaache serve pramukh heey chaar vijetepaddharkanpaiki eka aahet. yavyatirikt, yaa chaar sarvoch pramukhanna anekada paa padvi dilee jaate-asha padvi jyaa nirdisht pradeshavar kinwa natesambandhanchya jaalyavar sarvbhaumatva kinwa netrutva darshavtat. tuee atua, tuee aanaa, gatoetele aanee vetamasoali hii hii shirshake aahet. tuee atua sadhya majee pantpradhan aanee samoa rajyache pramukh tuee atua tupua tamasi ephi yanchya tabyat aahe. sadhya 'samoa observer' vruttapatrachya malak aanee aadaraniy patrakar seva sano khalifa yanchyakade 'gatoetel' hii padvi aahe. itar done papa padavya adhikrut dharak naheet.
samoachya 49 jaganchya vidhansabhet, serve 47 samoa sadasya dekhil 'matai' aahet, jeey pramukh aanee aadhunik rajkarani mhanoon duheri bhoomika bajavtat, apavad vagalata done jaaga bigger-samoaanansathi rakheev aahet.
2006 chya samoachya jangananenusar ekoon 180,741 (8.7%) loksankhyepaiki 15,783 "matai"; 12,589 (79.8%) purush aanee 3,194 (20.2%) mahila hotya.
purvichi shasson vyavastha.
samoache abhijat varg mhanoon olakhalya jaananya done mothya kutumbancha samavesh hotoh "saa malietoa" aanee "saa tupua"."byanch kalapasoon, ranee salamsinachya rajvatipasun" "tupu" "(sarvbhoum) hii padvi nantarchya sadasyanparyant maryadit hotee".
saa tupua vanshatil shevatcha raja, sepha-oo-fafinchya mrutyunantar, hii padvi barach kaal sthagit rahili, kaaran yuddhatil atachya parabhavanantar uttaradhikarachi resha tutali aanee satteche sthan lufilufipasoon manonomadhil tyachya naveen jagevar gele.
naveen maloche netrutva manonocha pramukh lii 'ataua lelologa yane kele, tyacha mulga tamphaiga tyachya jaagi aala aanee tyane devache tasech rajache guna dharan kele. tyachi pratyakshat dev mhanoon pooja kelee jaat asey aanee too eka atyachari mhanoon vikasit jhaala. tyachya atyacharapasun sutka honyachya aashene, aanachya lokanni tyala tuee aanaa hii padvi dilee, parantu keval tyachya atyachari rajvatit aanakhi hushar honyasathi. tonumaype kulane yapurvi serve shahee padvi ghetalya hotya aanee tyanche swatache vyavhar chalvanyasathi jilhe sodale hote, tarr manonochya babatit ulat ghadale. manono/tonumaype 'aii pakshane shahee padavya durlakshit kelya parantu maalo (karyakari satta) ghetali. heey eka rajkiy paul hote, kaaran tafafa haah dawa sattechya saranshi aprasangik hota aanee aashray vitarit karnyachya tyachya parabhoot shatrunchya paramparik adhikarala keval manyata deil.
aanee mhanunach anek pidhyannantar prathamach, pratishtha phonotichya kutumbatoon aanee asha prakare pracheen ranee salamsinachya vanshatoon gelee. yaa sandarbhat tyane itaki pratishtha gamavali nahee tarr shahee nivassthan aata prantat navhate, naveen raja manonovar rahat rahila. jasjasa tyacha atyachar vadhat gela tasatase yach pramanat aanachya lokancha dvesh vadhala aanee teey tyachya virodhat dirghkal ubhe rahile aanee 1829 madhye tyachi hatya jhaali. johnn williams, jyache naav missionary udhyogachya itihasat eka chamkanara prakash aahe, tyane prathamach samowala bhet denyachya agadi aadhi heey ghadale. eka raktaranjit yuddh jhaale aanee aaa 'anachi satta tutali aanee jilha uddhvast jhaala.
prashasana.
samoachi pramukhyane vyavastha sanskratichya sampradayik aanee vistarit kautumbik sambandhanvar aadharit kutumb aanee natesambandhanchya vistarit kulambhovati (aayga) firate. aayga' yaa sandnyemadhye keval jawalchya kutumbacha (vadil, aaee aanee mule) samavesh nahee, tarr eka kulatil kutumbancha sampoorn sangh aanee jeey jaree sambandhit nasale taree kutumbachya niyantranachya adheen aahet.
sthanik staravar, deshatil bahutansh diwani aanee faujdari baabee, paramparik kayadyanusar, sumare 360 graam pramukh parishada, "phono oo matai" hatalatat, hii pratha 1990 chya graam phono kayadyane aanakhi majboot kelee aahe.
bahutek samoaache lock gavanmadhye rahatat, jyat jawalche sambandh aanee itihas asalelya kutumbancha samooh asato. matai' chaa prabhav keval gavatach navhe tarr jeelhyat aanee tyapalikadehi jaanavato. gavachya jivanatil sakriy ghatak mhanje graam parishad kinwa "phono oo matai" aanee tyache sadasya "matai" aahet. phono auph matai' haah samoaamadhil pratyek gavacha karyakari aanee nyayik adhikar aahe. ekhadi baab mahattvachi asalyas, sabha 'maale' varr, gavasamorchya mokalya jaaget aayojit kelee jaate.
vakte sabhela sambodhit karatat aanee tase karnyasathi ubhe rahatat. shrote aaramat chataivar basatat. yaa sabhanmadhye sahbhagi naan jhalelyanche varnan 'tagatanu' (gavatil lock) asey kele jaate aanee tyat shirshak nasalelya purush, mahila aanee mulancha samavesh aahe. yaa 'phono' madhye lokshahi kalpana prachalit nasatat aanee nirnay heey bahumat kinwa alpasankhyak rajvatipasun swatantra asatat. eka kinwa adhik 'matai siilii' (varishtha 'matai') chaa nirnay nirnayak asato. urvarit jeey fakt aikanyasathi 'phono' varr aahet, teey dilelya nirnayanshi sahmat aahet. alpavayin 'matai' laa yaa vishayavar charcha karanyachi aanee 'phono' suru honyapurvi 'matai silai' varr prabhav padanyacha prayatna karanyachi parvanagi aahe.
phono' suru honyapurvi vividh gatankadoon prathamik parishada ('taupulega') aayojit kelya jaatat aanee yaa parishadanmadhye ekte kutumbatil pramukh matanchi devanghevan karatat aanee ekmekanna patvoon denyacha aanee susanvad nirman karnyacha prayatna karatat jenekarun jevha vastavik 'phono' ghadato tevha serve kahee suralit hoil. kahee 'matai' laa nirnay ghenyacha konatahi adhikar nastana yaa 'phono' varr bolanyachi parvanagi aahe.
samoachya 2006 chya jangananetun asehi ughad jhaale qee deshatil 96 takke 'matai' tyanchya 'matai' jababdanyanchaa bhag mhanoon grameen upkramanmadhye sakriyapane sahbhagi hote. 4 takke 'sakriy naheet' heey bahudha 'matai' chya ekapeksha jaast padvi asalyamule kinwa tyanchi padvi asalelya gavapasoon door rahnyamule spasht kele gele.
adhikar.
matai' chya adhikarala kahee maryada aahet. kautumbik sanghataneshi sambandhit pratyek mahattvachya vyaktishi serve mahattvachya babinvar charcha karnyasathi tyanna aavahan kele jaate. jarr heey prakaran kirkol mahattvache asel aanee keval jawalchya gavatil kutumbasathi swarasyapoorn asel tarr durche sambandh charchetoon vagalale jaau shakatat. "matai" "heey jyeshth" "matai" "(" "matai siilii" ") chya adheen rahoon, tyanchya swatachya ekach kutumbashi sambandhit kautumbik babinmadhye swatantra asatat, joparyant tyanchyakade fakt" "tuaigoa" "heey samayik shirshak naav nasate, asha paristhitit kautumbik babinmadhye tyancha ajibat ullekh keela jaat nahee aanee konatyahi velee tyanchya varishthanchya ichchhenusar tyanchi nave nakarli jaau shakatat".
aadhunik rajkaran.
pha' amtai 'pranali samovatil rajkaranat rujaleli aahe. 1962 madhye deshachya swatantryapasun, keval 'matai' matdan karoo shakat hote aanee sansadechya nivadanukit umedvar mhanoon ubhe rahoo shakat hote. 1990 madhye, nivadanuk durusti kayadyane matdan pranali badalali, jyane sarvatrik matadhikar aanee 21 varshe aanee tyahoon adhik vayachya praudhansathi matdanacha adhikar aanala. tathapi, nivadanukit ubhe rahanyacha adhikar 'matai' kadech aahe, jyanna matai nasalelya kutumbatil sadasyansah tyanchya kutumbanchya ekmatane nivadle jaate. tyamule sansadecha pratyek samoan sadasya dekhil 'matai' asato, joou 'pramukh' mhanoon tasech samoan sansadet kartavye mhanoon duheri bhoomika bajavato. samoache pantpradhan teey deshachya rashtradhyakshaparyant, jyanna 'oo leey aao oo leey maalo' (sarkarcha sardar) mhanoon sambodhale jaate, sarvajanik jababdarichya padanvaril bahutek samoananna heey lagoo hote.
vasahatvadi prabhav.
matai' tyanchya kutumbanche netrutva karat aanee tyanchi gave, samuday aanee jilhyanche pratinidhitva karat asatana, 19 vya shatkat pashchatya shaktinchya aanee shatrutvachya aagamanane vasahatvadi rajkaranat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavanyasathi mahattvache uchch paddharak aale.
vasahatvadi yugat samovamadhye rajkiy prabhav midvinyasathi britton, germany aanee americene vegvegalya 'matai' laa (jase qee matafa eosepho aanee tarun malietoa tanumafili I) pathimba deela. yamule vasahatvadi shaktinni 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat ashant varshanmadhye tyanchya swatachya umedwarala europeey rajachi padvi dilee, jyamule vividh jilhyanmadhye uchch darjachya pratispardhi 'matai' yanchyat yuddh jhaale.
eka vishisht pradeshavar kinwa sampoorn bett gatavar sarvoch darjacha sandarbh denari samoan sandnya "tupu", kadhikadhi european arthane ingraji bhashet "raja" mhanoon chukine anuvadit kelee gelee aahe. raja' yaa shabdacha tulanene sankshipt vapar vasahatvadachya samaptinantar sampushtat aala.
20vya shatkachya suruvatila, 'matai' netrutvane swatantrya samarthak mau chalvalit mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali, jyamule akheris 1962 madhye paschim samoaache swatantrya jhaale.
"matai" heey shirshak.
pratyek 'matai' chey eka naav () asate jyadvare teey jyaa kutumbachya adhyakshasthani asatat tyaa kutumbatil tyanchya adhikarancha vapar karatat. "matai' hii nave bahutansh khoop junie aahet aanee pidhyanpidhya dilee jaatat. "matai' hii padvi eka vyaktila kinwa kutumbatil asankhya sadasyanna dilee jaau shakate, jeey tyanchya khrishchan navamule ekmekanpasun vegale aahet.
pratyek 'aayga' madhye anek 'matai' shirshake asane samanya aahe, parantu eka vishisht shirshak sarvat mahatvache asel aanee mukhya 'matai' shirshak mhanoon kaam karel. tyaa kutumbasathi vishisht aanee vishisht asaleli 'matai' hii kautumbik padvi paramparecha vishay aahe aanee kutumbane vishvasoopane nondavali aahe aanee pidhyanpidhya pudhe sarkat aahe.
kahivela asey ghadate qee naveen nave kahee karanastav ghetali jaatat aanee junie nave sodoon dilee jaatat kinwa qamee kinwa kanishth pramukhanna dilee jaatat. 
samoan sanskratit, kutumbachya kalyanachi jababdari swikarane aanee seva karane hii sankalpana 'pha' amtai 'pranalicha avibhajya bhag aahe. samov parampara, sanskrutik jababdanya aanee kartavye tyanusar tyanchi bhoomika aanee jababdanya paar padnyasathi tyanchya 'matai' laa pathimba denyasathi kutumbatil vividh sadasyanna aavahan kele jaate. yamadhye anekada kutumbane paise aanee toga (bareek chataya) sarkhya mahattvachya sanskrutik vastunche yogdan dene tasech kutumbachya jababdanya tyanchya gavat kinwa vyapak samudayamadhye purn kelya jaat aahet yachee khatri karnyasathi 'matai' aaygachya vatine jeey ann sadar karate.
samovatil 'matai' padavya milanyacha purush aanee mahilanna samaan adhikar aahe, jaree samovatil samajat mahilanchi bhoomika mhanje 'matai' hii stree tulanene qamee takkevarichi aahe.
europeey sampark aanee prabhavachya aagmanapurvi, 'matai' chaa adhikar ('pule') jeevan aanee avayavanparyant vistarla gela hota, parantu hii shakti pashchatya shailichya aadhunik sarkarne ('maalo' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya) badalali aanee aatmasat kelee aahe, jithe 'matai' chaa adhikar rashtriy prashasanaviruddha maryadit aanee santulit aahe.
allie, tulafale aanee tulafale-allie.
samovatil pramukh vyavasthemadhye done bhinn shreni aahet. uchch' kinwa 'pavitra' pramukh aahe jyala allie aanee 'vakte' pramukh mhanoon olakhale jaate jyala tulafale mhanatat. hii pranali sampoorn samoaamadhye pratyek jeelhyat aadhalate. kahee thikani, uchch padacha pramukh, tulafale-allie dekhil aahe, jeey tyanchya darjamule aanee prachinatemule vakte-pramukh ashee duheri karye karatat. hyanna 'matua' (jyeshth) asehi sambodhale jaate, jyapaiki sarvat ullekhaneey mhanje alepatache fuataga aanee tafua, moonoo aanee falefache 'yuli', tofua 'eophoa aanee fallelyche taalo, teey' oo aanee safatache maugatai. purvichya kalat 'matai' haah shabd keval 'tulafale' laa lagoo hota, parantu kalantarane haah shabd samanyatah 'allie' laa lagoo jhaala aahe.
allie' chya patnila 'faletua' asey mhanatat. tulafale' (vaktyacha darja 'matai') yanchya patnila 'tausi' asey sambodhale jaate.
itihas aanee vanshavalichi nond hii samoan sanskratichi madhyavarti baab aahe, jee lekhee bhasha suru honyapurvi maukhik itihasadvare sadhya kelee gelee hotee. vakte pramukh ('tulafale') aanee vakte ('feloga'-'bhashan-nirmata') yaa sandnya vaktyanche padd dharan karananya samovansathi kinwa pramukhanchya mukhpatransathi vaparlya jaatat aanee tyaa serve gavanmadhye aadhaltat. tyanche varnan 'vegvegalya pakshanmadhil sambandhanvar vataghati karnare marg shodhak' mhanoon dekhil kele jaate. mahattvachya 'matai' shirshaka dekhil vishisht vaktyachya 'matai' shirshakanshi jodalelya asatat. pramukhanchya ichcha lokanparyant pohochavanyache kinwa mahattvachya prasangi kutumb, gaav kinwa jilhyachya vatine bolanyache sadhan vakte karatat. vakta haah kautumbik itihas aanee vanshaval ('phaa' alupega '), vanshavali (' gafa ') aanee ghatanancha nondkarta asato aanee sarvajanik samarambhanmadhye apariharya asato.
tulfaleshi sambandhit anek aupcharik vastoo aahet. fue' (visk), pandansachya falanchya karpelpasoon banavalela 'ulafala' aanee 'too' oo '(lamb lakadi kathee) assa eka vishisht haar.
yaa pranalimadhye asalele shakti santulan anekada sanskrutik aanee samajik paristhitinmadhye darshavile jaate. yaa baithakanmadhye allie farse kahee bolat naheet, asey olakhale jaate, kaaran tulfale heey alichya ichchecha arth lavnyache kaam asalele paramparik mukhpatra aahe. asey kartana, tulfale shatkanushatke eka shaktishali gut banale aahet, jeey tyanchya bolanyachya manchacha vapar aayga, gaav aanee itar aayga aanee jilhyanshi tyanchya vyavharanvar lakshaniy prabhav padnyas saksham aahet. yamule savai aanee upolu yaa donhi bhashkanmadhil vaktyancha prabhavshali gut asalelya tumua maa pule sansthecha uday jhaala. leulumoega aanee lufilufichya vaktyanni shatkanushatke lakshaniy satta midavali aahe kaaran tyanchya sammatinech tuee aanaa aanee tuee atau hii shahee allie padvi dilee jaau shakate.
purush aanee striya doghannahi matai padvivar samaan adhikar aahet. pramukh heey tyanchya gavachi/kutumbachi jababdari ghetat, jevha garaj bhasel tevha tyanna aadhar denyasathi teey tithe asale pahijet. (pha 'allavelev). samoan 'gafa' (vanshaval, purvaj, vansh) haah kautumbik natesambandhancha kendrabindu aahe aanee sahasa jyaa vyaktine pahilyanda nawala pradhanya dile aanee tyacha aadar keela tyaa vyaktikadoon tyachi suruvat hote. yacha arth assa nahee qee kutumbachi suruvat navachya sansthepasun jhaali kinwa padvi dharan karnari vyakti kutumbachi sansthapak hotee. kutumbatil purviche 'matai' tulanene mahattvache naheet aanee tyanchi nave vaparat aalee naheet kinwa aprasangik jhaali aahet.
chhan chataih 'mhanje toga'.
anek samoan sarvajanik karyakram aahet jyat chataiche vitaran kele jaeel. yapaiki anek chataya, visheshtah bareek chataya ('mhanje toga'), aarthik drushtikonatun aanee aitihasik aanee bhavnik drushtikonatun dekhil khoop maulyavan aahet. adhik mahattvachya chataivar aadaraniy nave asatat. vivah, janm aanee mrutyu aanee pramukhyane padvi pradan karane heey sarvat ullekhaneey prasang aahet, jyavar chataya sadar kelya jaatat.
paramparik jameen.
kutumbacha 'matai' haah prashasakeey adhikari aanee kautumbik malmattecha pratinidhi asato, jyamadhye paramparik jaminicha samavesh asato. samoachi bahutansh loksankhya, ekoon 65 takke, tyanchya kutumbansobat khedyanmadhye paramparik jaminivar rahate. tathapi, 2006 chya samoa jangananenusar, 48 paiki 34 rajkiy jilhyanmadhye 80 takkyanhun adhik kutumbe paramparik jaminivar rahat asoon rajdhanichya apiyachya aaspaschya adhik daat shaharikaran jhalelya bhagat sarvat qamee sankhya (25 takke) aahe. savai betavar, jithe qamee lock aahet aanee pashchatya bhautik sanskratichi chinhe qamee aahet, 43,142 loksankhyepaiki 93 takke lock paramparik jaminivar rahatat.
samoohik kautumbik jaminichi kalji ghene hii samovian kutumbanchi aanee tyanchya 'matai' chee sarvat mahatvachi jababdari aahe.
matai' tyanchya ichcha kalavoo shakato aanee vivahit mulisarkhya itaranna kahee malmatta varasatva mhanoon deu shakato, parantu teey tyanchya swatachya palikade jaminiche adhikar hastantarit karoo shakat naheet. eka kinwa adhik 'matai' chya vyavasthapanakhali jamini tyanchya swatachya vaparasathi vividh kutumbanmadhye vibhagalya jaatat aanee heey kutumbatil sadasya tyanchyakade tyanche upalabdh nasalele adhikar mhanoon pahatat.
samoaamadhil jaminiche mahatva adhorekhit karnari samoan mhan aahe, "aii leey soifua umee leey tagata phaa 'atau fanua" (joou manus kautumbik jameen vikato too mhatarpanaparyant jaganar nahee-bhute tyacha lavkar mrutyu aanatil).
deshatil bahutansh jameen paramparik malkikhali asalyane, samoaamadhil aadhunik kalatil rajkaranat, deshachya aarthik vikas, sanwardhan, shashvatata, paryatan, rashtriy payabhoot suvidha aanee paanee, vanikaran, raste, shetee aanee shetee yasarkhya naisargik sansadhananchya praveshasathi 'matai' chey sthan mahattvapoorn aahe.
alikadchya varshatil eka udaharan mhanje savai betavaril siilii gavatil 'matai' neey paryavaraniy chintemule grameen jaminivar jalvidhyut prakalp bandhanyacha sarkari prastav nakarla. yaulat, sasinamadhil 'matai' yanni american companyla eka paryatan resort bandhanyasathi $450-500 dashalaksh kharch apekshit asalelya pramukh samudrapudyachya jaminichya abhootpurv 120 varshanchya bhadepattisathi sarkari pathimbyashi sahmati darshavali aahe.
sanwardhan mhanoon, upolu betachya purv tokavaril vaa-oo-phonoti jilhyatil kwafato aanee savaichya paschim tokavaril falialopo yaa gavanni tyanchya mool jangalansathi sanvardhanachya kararanna sahmati darshavali aahe.
aaj sarkarchya akhtyarit asaleli bahutansh jameen vasahatvadachya kalat alipta kinwa vikali gelee hotee aanee nantar vasahatvadache yug sampalyavar tee samoa sarkarchya akhtyarit aalee. yamadhye 19vya shatkatil vruksharopan jaminicha motha bhag tasech german samoa (1900-1914) aanee tyanantar newzealand prashasanasah vasahatvadi prashasanachya nantarchya kalkhandacha samavesh aahe.
yamule 'matai' aanee sarkar yanchyat jaminichya davyansathi nyayalayin khatale suru aahet, jase qee satpuala gaav, feliolo aantarrashtriy vimantaladvare jaminivaril vaad, jeey thet deshachya rashtriy payabhoot suvidhanvar parinam karatat.
"matai" nivad.
kharey tarr, pratyek samov purush aanee striya, tyanchya natesambandh aanee purvajanshi sambandhit 'matai' padviche varasdar asatat. tathapi, 'matai' hii padvi aapoaap 'matai' kadoon tyanchya mulanna kinwa thet vanshajanna dilee jaat nahee, parantu jyanna vistarit kutumb sahmat aahe qee teey tyanchya garja sarvottam prakare purn kartil aanee kutumbatil vividh shakhanche pratinidhitva kele jaeel yachee khatri karoon ghetil tyanna dilee jaate. yaa samoan pratha aanee kayadyache alikadil udaharan mhanje mageel padvidharak, divangat rajyapramukh, malitoa tanumafili II (1913-2007) yanchya mulakadoon mahattvachi malitoa padvi kadhoon ghene. 2007 madhye malitoa tanumafili dusra yachya mrutyunantar, kutumbatil eka shakhene maalee gavat tyacha mulga papali phaa 'aamausili mollie yala hii padvi dilee. kutumbatil itar shakhanni samoachya jameen aanee haqq nyayalayat samovatil kayadyache ullanghan karoon hii denagi avaidh asalyacha dawa karnari yachika dakhal kelee. juuna 2008 madhye, nyayalayane manya kele aanee mulala malietoa padvi dene bekaydeshir tharavale, jyat aapoaap aanuvanshik nivadiaivaji ekmat, yogyata, pratha aanee yogya prakriyevar aadharit 'matai' nivadiche adviteey swaroop adhorekhit kele gele. sadhyachya dharkala tupua tamasi padvi pradan kartana ashich paristhiti nirman jhaali. padvichya shasak kutumbachi sammati naan midalyane, falefa aanee salanichya saa fenunuivaochi sammati midalyanantar, 1986 madhye tyanchi sammati hoiparyant akheris tuee ataa tua tamasi ephila padvi pradan karnyasathi karar jhaala nahee. vayatil jyeshthatva (samov samajacha eka mahattvacha ghatak), netrutvagun, vaktrutva aanee kutumbachya ekoon paristhiti aanee kalyanat yogdan denyachi vyaktichi kshamata yasah itar sanskrutik ghatak dekhil guntaguntichya nirnay ghenyachya prakriyet bhoomika bajavu shakatat.
shirshak bakshis.
"matai' hii padvi (, shabdasha 'aupcharik naav') kutumbatil sadasyanna 'saofai' navachya sanskrutik samarambhadarmyan dilee jaate, jee kutumbatil charcha aanee ekmatanantarach hote. saofai' haah eka gambhir samarambh aahe joou tyanchya kutumbane aanee gavane pramukh aanee vaktyanchya mandalat naveen 'matai' chaa aupcharik sweekar darshavito. tyat 'phela telly' baithakichya gharat pramukh aanee vaktyanchi jamvajamav, vaktrutva bhashananchi devanghevan, vanshavaliche vachan aanee navah 'matai' chya kutumbane dilelya mejavaninantar eka kawa samarambh samavisht asato. samoachi vastukala, shirshak pradan kartana sabhagruhachya aat basanyachi jaaga tharavate, jyat kawa mageel bajus basavanyasathichya sthiticha samavesh aahe. ekada samarambh purn jhalyavar, naveen 'matai' aatapasoon tyanchya naveen navane olakhali jaate.
newzealandmadhye, itar konatyahi paradeshi deshapeksha samoaamadhye janmalele jaast lock adhikrutpane antargat vyavhar vibhagasah tyanchi nave badaltat aanee asey manale jaate qee yapaiki barech jann 'matai' hii padvi jodat aahet.
gair-samoan.
"samovani kutumbe aanee tyanchi gave, samovani nasalelya lokanna kadhikadhi sanman mhanoon 'matai' hii padvi detat. eka udaharan mhanje 1993 madhye samoaache rajya pramukh, malietoa tanumafili dviteey yanni barry curtis yanna pradan keleli seiuli hii padvi, tyaveli mothya samovian loksankhya asalelya newzealandchya manukau shaharache mahapour hote. matai' hii padvi midalelya itar samoan nasalelya newzealandchya navoditanmadhye pantpradhan robbert muldoon, david lang aanee jiim bolger, rajkarani winston peaters aanee galumalemana hii padvi dharan karananya auklandchya vyavsayik dick hubbard yancha samavesh aahe. 1988 madhye, american ethanobotanist paul alaan cocks yanna felelupo gavatoon nafanua hii prasiddha padvi midali, jithe cocks anek varshe rahat hota aanee nantar sthanik parjanyavanache sanrakshn karnyasathi karar sthapan karnyat madat kelee. 1978 madhye, fijiche governor-general, ratoo surr george kakobau yanna, teey tuee fitichya pavitra maidanala bhet detana, matautu yanni savai betavar peseta hii padvi dilee. sanyukt rashtranche sarchitanis mhanoon kaam kartana 2 september 2014 roji sanyukt rashtranchya chhotya bett vikas parishadet baan qee-moonla 'prince tupua baan qee-moone auph supapa selapaga' hii padvi denyat aalee.
namkaran parampara.
naav denanya vyaktisathi sarvat mahattvache naav mhanoon 'matai' heey naav nehmi paramparenusar pratham asate. jevha ekhadya vyaktichi 'matai' mhanoon niyukti kelee jaate, tevha teey tyanchya naveen 'matai' padvivyatirikt tyanche khrishchan naav rakhoon thevatat. tyanchya navachya suruvatila 'matai' heey shirshak jodale gele aahe jenekarun tyanche khrishchan naav tyanchya naveen 'matai' yaa shirshakapramane asel. eka vyaktikade tyanchya vanshavalichya vegvegalya shakhanmadhil anek bhinn "matai" nave asoo shakatat, tyamule naveen nave tyanchya khrishchan navapurvi dekhil jodali jaatat, samanya vaparachya drushtine konatihi nishchit kramvari nasate. yache eka udaharan mhanje matafa famuina fiam mulinui mea, jyanchi pahili teen nave vaiyaktik uchch pramukh padvi aanee tyadvare tyanchi vanshavali aanee teey jyaa vegvegalya gavanshi aanee kutumbanshi sambandhit hote, teey ughad karatat; lepiyatil faumuina padvi, lotofagache fiam shirshak aanee deshatil sarvoch navanpaiki eka, matafa padvi.
kutumbatil ekapeksha jaast sadasyanna samaan 'matai' padvi dilee jaau shakate, tyamule pratyek vyaktiche khrishchan naav tyanna ekmekanpasun vegale karate. kautumbik padviche vibhajan karane, jenekarun tee kutumbatil ekapeksha jaast sadasyanmadhye vatoon ghetali jaeel, yavarhi ekmatane sahmati hote. eka manasakade 'faasee igoa' aahe-shirshakacha eka bhag asey sangoon samoan heey spasht karatat.
"usoali" mhanje bandhu pramukh, kautumbik sanghatil jyaa purushanchi nave "matai" asatat. tyaa sarvanna samaan adhikar miloo shakatat kinwa eka 'matai' chya niyantranakhali asoo shakatat jyala 'saav' mhanatat, asha paristhitit itar pramukhanna 'tuaigoa' mhanoon sambodhale jaate.
mahila "matai".
samoachya ekoon 192,126 (2016 chee janganana) loksankhyepaiki 93,463 mahila hotya, jyat loksankhyechya 48.6% chaa samavesh hota. 2011 madhye, deshat rahana 16,787 mataipaiki 1,766 mahila "matai", 10.5% hotya.
eka stree 'matai' naav dharan karoo shakate aanee kutumbacha 'pule' (adhikar) dharan karoo shakate parantu heey sahasa hott nahee. jarr tichyakade donhi asateel tarr tee sahasa tichya kutumbatil ekhadyala, kadachit tichya patila tichi 'matai' padvi deil aanee 'pule' kayam thewel. 2017 madhye newzealandsthit paisiphik abhyasache pradhyapak tagaloatele pegi dunlop yanni adhik mahilanna swatahla pudhe thevanyache aavahan kele.
samovatil pramukh mahilanmadhye vidwan aanee itihaskar iono fanafi leey tagaloa ('matai' shirshak iono), pramukh aanee pantpradhan fiyame naomi mataf ('matai' shirshak fiyame), majee rajkarani gatoloifana amataga alessana-gidlo ('matai' shirshak gatoloifana) aanee lekhak letuimanu 'aseena emma kruse vaae (' matai 'shirshak letuimanu' aseena) yancha samavesh aahe.
anek samoan itar deshanmadhyehi rahat asalyane, itar pramukh samoan mahila "matai" madhye newzealandchya majee sansad sadasya luamanuvav vinni laban ("matai" shirshak luamanuvav) yancha samavesh aahe.
mhatarpan.
samovatil samajat vay aanee vruddhatvatil jyeshthata haah eka aadaraniy darja aahe, jithe vadildhari kinwa purn anolakhi asalelya jyeshthanna 'taama' (vadil) kinwa 'tina' (aaee) asey sambodhale jaate. yaa sanskrutik sandarbhat, nivrutt 'matai' laa sahasa tyanchya kutumbacha aadar midato aanee tyala 'phatonatonu folau', boticha chalak mhanoon sambodhale jaate. yaa prakaranat teey pratyakshat margadarshan karat naheet parantu tyancha sallah aikala jaato aanee tyanchya paripakv anubhavatoon tyanchya kutumbala fayda hoto.
shirshak nasalele purush.
matai' nasalelya purush vyaktisathi samovatil apeal mhanje 'taule' aale '. leey' aale '(aparipakv) yaa shabdavarun banalelya yaa shabdacha kharaa arth, joou tarun paripakv jhaala nahee. aajkal heey 'matai' nasalelya konatyahi purush vyaktila lagoo hote. purvi kadhikadhi hii sandnya konatyahi purush vyaktisathi, agadi 'matai' sathee dekhil, mhatara manus navhata heey soochit karnyasathi vaparali jaat asey. yaa arthane, 'taule' aale 'mhanje tarun kinwa tulanene tarun, jyapramane' toe 'iina' mhanje purush vruddha kinwa vruddha aahe (samoaamadhye aadaryukt darja) heey darshavinyasathi vaparale jaate, mug too 'matai' asso kinwa 'taule' aale '.
taule' aale '(eka shirshak nasalelya vyakti) laa tyala havey titkya vela tyache naav badalanyachi parvanagi aahe. yogayogane keleli tippani kinwa eka ullekhaneey ghatana haah anekada 'taul' aley 'yaa' navasathi 'nirnayak ghatak asel. heey samoaatil mahilansah itar sarvanna lagoo houu shakate, jithe kutumbatil sadasyala, visheshtah mulala, ekhadya mahattvachya prasangachya smaranarth naveen naav dile jaau shakate.
vivadanche nirakaran.
kautumbik sadasyanmadhye vistrut 'aayga' madhye nirakaran karata naan yenare 'matai' shirshakanvaril vivad samoachya jameen aanee shirshakanchya nyayalayadvare hatalale jaatat, jyat nyayik seva aayogane niyukt kelelya sanskrutik aanee nyayik tadnyancha samavesh asato.
jameen aanee haqq nyayalay 'matai' malkichya uttaradhikaravaril vivad tasech paramparik jaminishi sambandhit matbhedanchi sunavani karate. 1901 madhye vasahatvadi german prashasanakhali sthapan jhalelya mool bhoomi aanee haqq nyayalayatun nyayalay aale aahe. samoachi rajkiy sthirata mothya pramanat yaa nyayalayachya vadanchya sunavanitil yashamule asalyache manale jaate.