
aamda seyon I

aamda seyon pahila (, "zioncha stambh"), sinhasanache naav gebre mescale (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) haah 1314 teey 1344 paryant ethiopiacha samrat aanee solomonic rajvanshacha sadasya hota. 
muslimanviruddhcha eka veer yoddha mhanoon too tyachya itihasamadhye sarvat jaast olakhala jaato aanee kadhikadhi too ethiopian samrajyacha sansthapak manla jaato. tyachi bahutansh yuddhe aagney bhagatil muslim saltanatinviruddha hotee, jyashi too ladhu aanee parabhoot karoo shakala aanee haloohaloo anek shejaril rajyancha samavesh karoon tyachya rajyacha mothya pramanat vistar keela.
tyane muslim simevaril vijayamule yaa pradeshatil khrishchan pradesh aanee shakticha mothya pramanat vistar jhaala, jee tyachya mrutyunantar shatkanushatke tikavoon thevanyat aalee. aamda seyonne naveen ekal rajvanshachya samarthyavar bharr deela aanee tyamule tyala kayadeshir manyata dilee. yaa vistaranmule pudhe simavarti bhagat khrishchan dharmacha prasar jhaala, jyamule dharmantar, khrishchankaran aanee purvichya paridhiy kshetranchya ektrikaranachya dirgh yugala chalana midali.
ethiopiachya british tadnya edward alendorf yanchya matey, "aamada seyon haah konatyahi vayogatatil sarvat utkrusht ethiopian rajanpaiki eka hota aanee chaudavya shatkat aafrikechya shingavar varchasva gajavanara eka adviteey vyakti hota."
prarambhik jeevan.
assa yuktivad keela jaato qee puresa purava darshavito qee aamda seyon haah wedem aradcha mulga hota. tathapi, jevha basalota mikelchya netrutvakhalil bhikshunchya pratiniyuktine tyachyavar samrat vedam aradchi upapatni zaan mogasa hichyashi lagn kelyabaddal vyabhichar kelyacha aarop keela aanee tyala bahishkrut karanyachi dhamki dilee, tevha tyane samratacha bhau kedma asgadcha jaivik mulga asalyacha dawa keela; yaa spashtikaranachi utpatti darbaratil gappanmadhye jhaali asavi. aamada seyonchya palakanche satya kahihi asso, 'parris chronicle' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya shahee itihasat nond aahe qee tyane aarop karnanyanpaiki ekala, segajachya mathadhish anorovasla marhan karoon aanee itar charchchya sadasyanna dembiya aanee bhikshukanna haddapar karoon aapala raag vyakt keela.
aamda seyon samrat kassa jhaala heey maheet nahee. tathapi, kahee mahitivarun asey soochit hote qee too vedam aradviruddhachya uttaradhikar sangharshat sahbhagi asava.
suruvatichya lashkari mohima.
tadese tamratne nondavale aahe qee tyala aata lake haikchya bett mathat thevalelya hastalikhitat lihileli eka samkalin nond sapadali, jyat namood kele aahe qee 1309 madhye (1316/7 ii. sha.) samrat aamda seyonne murtipujak damot aanee muslim hadiya rajyanviruddha yashasviritya moheem rabavali. yaa nondit tyane damotvar vijay midavalyache, jyanchya anek lokanna tyane dusya bhagat haddapar kele aanee nantar hadiya jinkanyache varnan aahe, jyanchya lokanshi tyane asech kele. jaree yaa pradeshanvaril tyache suruvatiche niyantran qamee hote, taree 1332 (kinwa 1329) paryant heey spasht hote qee hadia purnapane ekvatla gela hota, tyane ifatchya saltanativiruddhachya 1332 chya mohimansathi sainya puravale hote. amada seyonchya itihaskaranusar, bail 'aam navachya eka muslim "andharacha paigambar" yane protsahit karoon, hadiyacha raja, aamano yane samratala bhetanyas aanee tyala khandani denyas nakar deela. samratachya itihasanusar, belamane tyala bund karnyas sangitaleh
samrat santapt jhaala, tyane hadiyavar aakraman kele aanee anek lokanna thaar marle aanee aaplya anek prajansah amona kaidi kele. bail 'aam matra iftala paloon jaaun samratacha bachav karnyat yashasvi jhaala. yaa vijayanni, purvi ifat aanee purvekadil muslimanchya niyantranakhalil antardeshiy vyaparavar niyantran thevanyachya aamda seyonchya antim dhyeyachya lakshaniy pragatiche pratinidhitva kele. hadiyachya vijayamule gulamanchya vyaparavar kholvar parinam jhaala aanee parinami purvekadil muslim prantanchya vyapar aanee sampattila haanee pohochali. prathamach, yaa pradeshatil muslimanchya upasthitila dhoka nirman jhaala, jyacha parinam nantar muslim prantanmadhye (jyanni anekada bund kele) yutimadhye jhaala, jevha tyanni purvi ekmekanpasun adhik swatantrapane kaam kele hote.
tyach varshi damot aanee hadiyachya dakshinekadil pradeshanviruddhachya tyachya mohimanmadhye, samratane adhik uttarekadil gojam prantaviruddhahi moheem rabavali.
uttarekadil mohima.
dakshinekadil tyachya 1316/7 mohimannantar, darmyanchya kalat adhik svayatta midavalelya bhaganvar aapale niyantran majboot karnyasathi aamda seonla uttarekade valave lagale. 1270 madhye yekono amalakchya netrutvakhali solomonic punarsanchayit jhalyapasun uttar tigrayan enderta prant adhikadhik swatantryacha dawa karat hota. yekono amalakchya kalat, endertacha rajyapal 'ingida igzi' hota, jyacha mulga tesfen igzi 'uttaradhikari jhaala. endertacha governor mhanoon, tesfen igzi 'kadey uttarekadil prantanmadhye sarvat jaast satta hotee aanee tyachyakade' hasgwa 'aanee' akabe tsensen '(' fly viskcha rakshak-eka pracheen oxumite shirshak) hii padvi hotee aanee sadhya sattet asalelya amhara-aadharit vanshala dhoka hota. 1305 chya suruvatilach, tesfen igzine 'enderta' laa 'tyache rajya' mhanoon sambodhale, tyacha mulga aanee uttaradhikari, yaebika igzine tyachya 1318/9 jameen anudanat samratacha ullekhahi keela nahee. yaebika igzine akheris bund kele aanee jawalchya tembiyanchya governorla tyachyasobat sameel honyasathi ayashasvipane aamantrit kele. aamda seyonne twarit pratisad deela, rajyapalala thaar marle, padavya vibhagalya aanee tyanna nimn moolchya vegvegalya vyaktinna pradan kele. samratachya niyukt kelele lock aprasiddha hote, jyanche varnan 'aadam aanee ivpasoon janmalele purush jyanna' halestiotat 'mhatale jaat asey, yaa shabdacha shabdasha arth' mishra kinwa nimn moolcha kamipana 'assa hoto. 
yaa pradeshat aapale niyantran majboot karnyasathi, aamda seyonne bandkhoriche kendra asalelya amba senayata yethe bigger-tigreyan sainyachi lashkari vasahat sthapan kelee aanee tyachi ranee patni, billen sabala endertacha governor mhanoon niyukt kele, aanee tichya khalee adhikadhyanchi naveen tukadi. ranine matra apratyakshapane rajya kele, jyamule prantat ashantata nirman jhaali kaaran loksankhyene amhara rajvaticha tivra virodh keela. yamule samratala tyacha eka mulga, bahar, haah rajyapal mhanoon niyukt karnyas pravrutt kele, jyala nantar 1328 madhye 'maikale bahar' ('nadya/samudrandarmyan') yaa shirshakakhali sagari prantanvar niyantran dekhil denyat aale.
1329 madhye, samratane semien, vejera, tselemet aanee tsegede yaa uttarekadil prantanmadhye moheem rabavali, jyamadhye anek jann jude dharmat dharmantarit hott hote aanee jethe beeta israyala pradhanya milat hote.
aamda seyon laal samudra kinanyavaril muslim sattepasoon dekhil savadh hota aanee mhanoon laal samudrachya simevaril tigray prantachya uttarekadil bhagakade nighalah "mea, raja aamda-seon, eritriyachya samudrat gela [i.eae. "laal".] mea tithe pochalo tevha mea hattivar basalo aanee samudrat pravesh keela. mea majhe baana aanee bhale uchalale, majhya shatrunna thaar marle aanee majhya lokanna vachavale."
tyachya mohimedarmyan, samrat armeniyala jaat asalelya prasiddha bhikshu evostatevosla dekhil bhetala.
purvekadil mohima.
1320 chya sumaras, kairo yetheel mamluk saltanatichya sultan aine-nasir muhammadane coptancha chhal karnyas aanee tyanchya charchcha naash karnyas suruvat kelee. aamda seyonne nantar tyachya rajyatil muslimanvar pratyuttar denyachi dhamki dett, tyachya rajyatil kairo yethe eka mission pathavale aanee sultanane tyacha chhal sampavala nahee tarr nayalcha marg valavoon egyptvar vijay midvinyasathi eka sainya pathvanyachi dhamki dilee. all-nasir muhammadane rajdutankade durlaksh kele asale taree egyptmadhil nailchya valanachi bheeti shatkanushatke kayam raheel. vaad aanee dhamkyancha parinam mhanoon, ifatcha sultan, huck adha-deane-1 yane, kairohoon paratat asatana samratane pathavalelya tee 'yinte navachya pratiniyuktichya eka sadasyala tabyat ghetale aanee turungat takale. heey ayashasvi jhalyavar, haqq adha-deenane tee 'yinteche dharmantar karnyacha prayatna keela, aanee tyala thaar marle. aamda seyonchya shahee itihaskaranusar, samratane ifatsah keval saat ghodeswaransah aakraman karoon pratyuttar dile aanee sulatanachya anek sainikanna thaar marle. tyanantar sainyacha eka bhag tyachya magomag aala aanee prantachi rajdhani ifat nasht kelee aanee aamda seyonne tichi barichashi sampatti sone, chandi, kansya, shise aanee kapadyanchya swarupat ghetali. aamda seyonne ifatchya serve prantanmadhye tyache suud ugavane suru thewale, mukhytah muslimanchi loksankhya asalelya kuelgora, bikulzar, gidaya, hubat, fedi, kadese, hargaya aanee sheva lutale, pashudhan ghetale, anek rahivashanna marle, shahare aanee mashidi nasht kelya, tasech kaidi ghetale.
aamda seyonchya sudbuddhicha parinam mhanoon, itar muslim rajyanni tyachya sainyavar hallah karnyacha prayatna keela, kaaran tyache sainya pradirgh mohimanmule kamkuvat jhaale hote. gebel aanee vargarche lock, jyancha itihaskar tadese tamrat haah varjihashi sambandh thevato, teey kathitpane "yuddhat khoop kushal" hote, tyanantar tyanni kahee khrishchan pradeshanvar hallah keela aanee lutale. medra zega aanee manzih (menz) chya lokanni, tevha musalmanannihi samratachya sainyala vedha ghatala aanee hallah keela, jyane tyanna parabhoot kele aanee haqq adha-deencha mulga, tyancha senapati, dadadir yala thaar marle.
karane.
tyachya karkirdicha sarvat mahattvacha prathamik srot, 'daad glorible visions', awash nadine vahoon ghetalelya maidani pradeshat aamda seyonne kelelya vyapak lashkari mohimanche varnan karato. 24 yakatitpasun (18 februwari) samratane anek shatrunviruddha aaplya sainyache netrutva kele; yaa varshacha sandarbh denanya aanakhi eka dastaivajat, tyane 10 rajancha parabhav kelyache mhatale aahe. muslim prantanmadhil bund heey aamda seyonchya islamla asalelya dhokyamule jhaale, jeey tyachya mohimanmule purvi jhalelya vyaparachya nukasanamule mothe jhaale. yaa avadnyela ifat aanee itar muslim prantanmadhil dharmik netyanni protsahan dile aanee kadachit tyanna chithavanihi dilee. khotya sandeshtyane' nondavale qee, tyane 'id1' mohimedarmyan hadiyapasoon paloon gelyane, ifatmadhye rajachya virodhat prachar karane suru thewale, jithe too sabr-deenchya sallagaranpaiki eka hota. itihas mhanatoh
dusya dharmik netyane yaa pradeshat, visheshtah adal aanee moramadhye samasya nirman kelyabaddal nond kelee jaate. tyala "salih" mhatale jaate, jyachi padvi kazi hotee (jee tyat namood keleli aahe tee eka aarchbishpasarkhich padvi aahe) aanee yaa pradeshatil raje aanee shasakanni tyala devasarkhe aadaraniy aanee bhaywan asalyache varnan kele aahe. itihasamadhye salihala doshi tharvat mhatale aahe qee, tyanech samratachya virodhat "muslim sainya, raje aanee shasakanna ekatra kele".
yaa chithavani aanee atincha parinam mhanoon, ifatcha rajyapal tasech haqq-deencha bhau aanee uttaradhikari, sabr-deane-1 yane, kinanyatoon pravas karat asalelya samratachya kahee vastoo japt karoon aamda seonla virodh darshavila (mhanje.eae. zela), tyachya bhavane tyachya aadhi jeey kele hote tyachyasarkhe. aamda seyonla sabr-deenvar raag aala aanee too tyala mhanala, "mea vyapanyanna sopavalelya mothya pramanat sone aanee chandichya badalyat mallah midalelya vastoo tuu kadhoon ghetalya aahes... majhyasathi vyavasay karananya vyapanyanna tumhi turungat takale."
ifat moheem.
sabr-deenche bund heey swatantrya midvanyacha prayatna navhate, tarr muslim drushtikonacha samrat bananyacha prayatna hota. aamda seyonchya shahee itihasat asey mhatale aahe qee sabr adha-deenane ghoshit keleh
kharey tarr, tyachya pahilya aakramananantar, sabr-deenane fatagar aanee aalmale (i.eae. aaymelel, 'gurage desh' chaa bhag), tasech damot, amhara, angot, inderta, begemar aanee gojjam yasarkhe uttarekadil durvarchya prant. tyane rajdhanit 'khat' lavnyachi dhamki dilee, jeey musalman vapartat parantu ethiopian orthodox khrishchananna nishiddha aahe.
mhanoon, sabr-deenchya bandakade, tyachya dharmik pathimbyamule aanee mahattvakankshi uddishtanmule, swatantryacha prayatna karnyaivaji 'jihad' mhanoon pahile gele aanee parinami, rajyapal hedera yanchya netrutvakhalil jawalcha muslim prant (prantacha pahila dnyat ullekh) aanee sthanik shasak ameno yanchya antargat asalela paschim prant hadiya heey lagechach sameel jhaale. sabr-deenane aaplya sainyachi teen bhaganmadhye vibhagani kelee, amharavar hallah karnyasathi vayavyekade eka vibhag pathavala, eka uttarekade angotvar hallah karnyasathi aanee dusra, tyachya vaiyaktik aadeshakhali, sheva tabyat ghenyasathi paschimela.
aamda seyonne nantar yaa dhokyacha samna karnyasathi aaplya sainikanna ekatra kele, tyanna sone, chandi aanee bhavya kapadyanchi bhet dilee-itake qee itihaskar spasht karato qee "tyachya karkirdit sone aanee chandi dagdansarkhe vipul hote aanee bareek kapade zadanchi paaney kinwa shetatil gavataitakech samanya hote."tyane aaplya manasanna joou udhalpatti dilee, tarihi ifatchya dongral aanee shushk bhoobhagachya anahootpanamule aanee rastyanchya purn anupasthitimule anekanni naan ladhane nivadle. tarisuddha, teey 24 yakatit pudhe gele aanee eka sanlagnata bandkhor rajyapal shodhanyat aanee tyala paloon jaanyat yashasvi jhaali. aamda seyonche urvarit sainya aale qee tyanni rajdhanicha naash keela aanee anek sainikanna thaar marle, parantu sabr-adha-deane punha ekada paloon gela. aamda seyonchya sainyane nantar antim hallyasathi ekatra yeuun, tyachya eka chhavanicha naash keela, anek purush, striya aanee mulanna thaar marle, urvarit kaidi ghetale, tasech tyache sone, chandi aanee tyache "naan mojalele sunder kapade aanee dagine" lutale."
tyanantar sabr adha-deenane shantatesathi khatala dakhal keela, ranee zaan mengeshala apeal kele, jine tyacha shantatecha prastav nakarla aanee sabr adha-deencha shodh gheiparyant aaplya rajdhanit parat naan jaanyacha aamda seyoncha nirdhar vyakt keela. heey aikalyavar, sabr-deenla tyachya bund vyarth asalyache jaanavale aanee tyane swatahla aamda seyonchya chhavanisamor sharanagati patkarali. aamda seyonchya darbari lokanni sabr-deenla fashi denyachi magani kelee, parantu tyaeivaji tyane tyala sapeksh kshama dilee aanee bandkhor rajyapalala turungat takale. aamda seyonne nantar rajyapalancha bhau jamal adha-deane pahila yala ifatmadhye tyacha uttaradhikari mhanoon niyukt kele. ifat bandkhori dadapali gelee hotee, tyachpramane ifatchya agadi uttares asalele adal aanee morah heey shejaril prant samratachya virodhat ubhe rahile. aamda seyonanehi lavkarach heey bund hanoon padale.
adal moheem.
byanch mohimannantar, aamada seyonche sainya thakale hote aanee pavsala lavkarach jawal yeu naye ashee vinanti karat tyanna tyanchya gharee paratanyachi ichcha hotee. tathapi, aamda seyonne tyanna heey mhanat nakar dilah
ifatchya naveen rajyapalane dekhil tyala parat yenyachi vinavani kelee, tyala anek bhetvastu dilya, tyacha desh uddhvast jhaala aahe asey sangoon aanee tyala vinanti kelee qee tyane "punha tyacha naash karoo naye", jenekarun tethil rahivasi parat midvu shaktil aanee samratasathi jameen kaam karoo shaktil. tyane tyala vachan dile qee jarr tyane teey ifat aanee tethil rahivasi sodale tarr too tyancha vyapar aanee khandani deuun samratachi seva karel aanee too aanee ethiopiache muslim heey samratache sevak asateel. aamda seyonne rajyapalanchya maganya fetalalya aanee ghoshit keleh
aamda seyon chaloo rahila aanee chhawani karnyapurvi donada chakmakit tyachyavar hallah jhaala. ratri musalman mothya sankhyene paratale aanee saat "mothya shaharanmadhun" (mhanje.eae. adalche jilhe): gebela, lebekela, morah, paguma aanee tiko. ladhaidarmyan, aamda seonla shatruchya talvarine magoon marle gele, tyane tyachya kambarebhovati aanee tyachya ladhaichya poshakhachi cummer kapali, parantu samrat punha hallah karnyapurvi hallekhorala tyachya bhalyane valavoon thaar maranyat yashasvi jhaala. aamda seyon yuddhatoon vijayi jhaala aanee jiwant shatruncha pathlag karnyasathi naan ladhalele naveen sainya pathavale. teey sakalparyant jawalchya nadichya kathavar vachalelyanparyant pohochu shakale aanee anek talwari, dhanushya, bhale aanee kapade gheuun tyanna thaar maroo shakale.
jamal adha-deane, tyachi niyukti asoonahi, samratala vedha ghalanyasathi adal imam salihchya shaskala sahkarya karoon bandkhorimadhye sameel jhaala, jyala adalchya shaskane tyache sainya jamvoon pratyuttar dile. daschya ladhait ethiopian sainyala donhi sainyanni vedha ghatala hota, parantu aajari asoonahi aamda seyon tyanna parabhoot karnyat yashasvi jhaala. tyanantar tyane aaplya sainyache netrutva adalchi rajdhani asalelya talagviruddha kele, jithe adalchya rajyapalancha bhau aanee rajyapalanchya teen mulanni aatmasamarpan kele. tyanantar samratane dusya rajyapal-rajala parabhoot kele, tyachya pavalancha magova ghetala, ifatmadhil beculzarla paratala, jithe tyane jamal adha-deenla prantatil serve dharmatyagi khrishchananchi sutka karnyache aadesh dile. samratala pratham pujari, dharmaguru aanee sainik denyat aale, jyanna pratyeki 30 chabook maranyat aale aanee gulam mhanoon turungat dambanyat aale. tyanantar too itar deshdrohikade valala, jyanna jamal-deenane supurd karnyas nakar deela. aamda seyonne punha ifatcha naash keela aanee jamal-deenla padchyut kele, aanee sabr-deencha aanakhi eka bhau nasir-deane yala rajyapal mhanoon niyukt kele.
ifatmadhye moheem sampavalyanantar, too aaplya sainyala guate shaharat gheuun gela, jithe tyane anek purushanna thaar marle aanee asankhya striya aanee guredhore pakadali. tyanantar samratane aadhunik somalilandchya pradeshavar aakraman kele, jithe tyane harlachya lokanchya hallyacha parabhav keela. aamda seyon nantar dilhoya shaharakade pudhe gela. yaa shaharane yapurvi itar khrishchan purush aanee striyansah aaplya rajyapalala aatmadah karoon padchyut kele hote, jyala samratane shahar aanee tyanchi pashudhan lutoon tasech tethil anek rahivashanna thaar maroon pratyuttar dile. 
aamda seyonne nantar pudhe jaaun, tyachya karkirdichya suruvatila kahee khrishchan bhaganvar hallah karoon lutmar karananya anek shejaril warjih pashupalakanna thaar marle. yaa vruttantat lokanche varnan 'atishay dusht' asey kele aahe, kaaran teey 'dewala olakhat navhate kinwa manasanna ghabarat navhate'.
december mahina sampanyapurvi, aamda seyonne sharkchya bhoomicha vidhvans keela aanee tyacha governor yosef yala turungat takale. yaa prayatnanmule avash nadivar prathamach ethiopian rajvat vistarli, aanee davro, baale aanee itar muslim rajyanvar niyantran midavale. 
yaa mohimechya shevati, itihasat asey mhatale aahe qee aamda seyon akheris dongral pradeshat parat yeil, punha kadhihi muslim pradeshanmadhye paay thewel, jyacha itihaskar dawa deshachya itihasat abhootpurv hota. tathapi, kahee paramparannusar samrat aamda seyon akheris adalviruddhachya ladhait maran pavala. tyachi kabar aadi kelebmadhye asalyache manale jaate.
tarkha.
jevha yaa vyapak lashkari karvai jhalya tevha done vegvegalya varshancha prastav deela gela aahe. daad glorive visions' chya tyachya anuvadat, jee.doubleu.buub. huntingford heey 1329 madhye james brusechya pathopath mandato. huntingford nondavato qee aamada seyon 28 miazia (= 1329 madhye 24 april) roji easter sajra karat asalyache nondavale gele aahe, jeey tyaa varshi sarvat yogya tharel. tathapi, yaa mohimesathi samanyatah sweekarle jaanare varsh 1332 aahe, jeey august dillman, carlo conty rossini aanee enrico seruli yasarkhya adhikaanyaanche mutt aahe. tadese tamrat haah aanakhi eka dastaivajakade nirdesh karato, joou aamda seyonchya rajvatichya 18vya varshala 498 varshanchya krupechi tarikh deto, joou pushti karato qee 516 heey varsh "gauravshali vijay" madhye yogya aahe aanee mohima ii. sha. 1332 madhye jhalya.
lashkar.
samrat aamda seyonche sainya pracheen oxumite kalatil sainyachya sanghatanesarkhech hote. tyache done bhag hoteh pahile, tyache kendriya sainya, atishay prabhavi hote aanee shahee darbarala jawalun jodalele hote; dusare, sthanik sankatachya kalat ubharalele eka mothe sthanik sainya hote. hii sthanik tukadya, akshumait kalatilpramanech, eka vishisht tukadi tayar kartil aanee tyanche sthanik swaroop kayam thevat ekatra ladhatil aanee sthanik shasakachya netrutvakhali pratyek lahan tukadyanmadhye vibhagalya jaatil. aamde tseonchya karkirdipasun, cheva regiment kinwa sainyadalanni samrajyachya lashkari dalancha kanaa tayar keela. yaa regimentsathi gez sandnya seva (Â) aahe tarr amhari sandnya Âschāwa (Â) aahe. eka regimentcha samanya aakar kityek hazar purushancha hota. pratyek regimentla eka jagir (gault) denyat aalee hotee, jenekarun jaminichya mahasuladvare tyachi dekhbhal sunishchit kelee jaeel.
kendriya sainya swatantra regimentmadhye vibhagale gele hote, pratyekache swatache vishesh naav hote, jase qee "queste-nihab", "hareb gonda" aanee "tekula". swatantra regiment rajanchya bajoone ladhalya, jyanni tyanna lahanpanapasun "vadhavale" aanee "poshan" kele. yaa regimentche netrutva aamda seonla thet jababdar asalelya eka jawalcha nishthavan commander karat asey. tyacha swatacha mulga, suff-asigidne, aamda seyonchya mehunyane kelyapramane, yapaiki eka vibhagachi aadnya bajavali. shivay, "queste-nihab" chaa senapati, simishehal aanee tyacha sahkari inze-ejab yanche varnan samratache "sarvat priy" adhikari mhanoon kele gele hote, jeey hagerachya ladhait tyanchya dukhapatibaddal kalalyavar vyathit jhaale hote. vishesh regimentnee tyanche bhagya samratachya sampattishi jodale aanee bahudha deshbharatil sarvottam sainikankadun ghetale gele. jevha twarit karvai karavi lagali tevha aamda seyon tyancha vapar karat asey aanee tyanchya regimentche commander anekada kahee prantanmadhil sankatachya velee rajyapalanchi bhoomika bajavayache, tasech 1332 madhye ghodadal regiment "corem" (tyach navachya pradesh/shaharache naav) chey ujavya vicharsaraniche commander, degna, tevha bete amharamadhye, angotcha bhag hote. tyachya madhyavarti sainyat pudhe tyachya sthanik sainyachya tukdyanpramanech pradeshik tukadya hotya. teey pramukhyane navyane jinkalelya prantanmadhun aale hote aanee tyancha sanskrutik aanee bhashik varsa samayik hota. bahutek sainik bahudha vijayat ghetale gelele kaidi hote, jaree kahinna nihsanshaypane shahee darbarat sevak mhanoon thewale gele hote, tarr itaranna gulamanchya bajarpethet niryat kele gele kinwa khajgi nagarikanna dile gele. jyanna samratachi seva karayachi hotee tyanna kadachit tyach pradeshatil senapati aanee samratacha nishthavan yachyakhali lashkari prashikshan dile jaat asey. yapaiki bahutek gut tyanchya aakaramule lahan vibhaganmadhye vibhagale gele hote; udaharanarth, aamda seyonchya 1332 (kinwa 1329) mohimanmadhye, damotchya eka vibhagane uttarela beeta israyalashi ladha deela, tarr dusra gut dakshinet ifatchya saltanativiruddhachya mohimanmadhye ladhanyasathi gela.
samratane shahee sainyat sudharana kelee, jeey tyachya karkirdiparyant tyachya muslim virodhkaitke mothya pramanat sashastr navhate. 14 vya shatkatil arab itihaskar all-umarine ethiopian sainyabaddal namood kele qee
all-umarine ethiopian sainikanna dilelya shastranchya vividh prakar asoonahi, ethiopian sainyane talwari aanee khanjarcha vapar keela nahee, jeey pramukhyane dhanushya, bhale aanee sanrakshanasathi dhalansah, ghodyavar basalele sainikansah sashastr hote. matra, muslimankade "talwari, khanjar, lokhandi kathya [" dimbus "] aanee itar jawalun vaparnyas upayukt asaleli shastre" asalyache varnan kele jaate aanee all-umri namood karato qee "muslim simavarti bhagatil yoddhyanche baana solomonic sainyapeksha mothe aahet". ethiopian sainyachi takad pramukhyane sankhyatmak hotee, parantu aamda seyonne tyachya sainyachi upkarane sudharanyasathi, talwari aanee khanjarancha vapar vadhavanyasathi (bahudha muslim vyapadhyandvare midavalelya) aanee talvarine susajj eka vishesh regiment tayar karnyasathi barech kahee kele. samratane dhalvahakanchi eka vishesh regiment dekhil sthapan kelee jee bahudha tyachya tirandajanchya rakshanasathi vaparali jaat asey.
vyapar aanee sanskruti.
aamada seyonchya kalat vyapar bharbharatila aala. ethiopian church aanee mathanchya khajinyanmadhil puratatviy tapasanit nanee, vastrodyog aanee itar vastoo sapadalya aahet jyaa byzantine samrajyashi vyaparache astitva siddha karatat. tadsey tamrat asehi namood karato qee, damishkachya khrishchan kutumbatil eka syrian sachiv hota, jyane tyala madhyapurvetil ghatananshi jawalcha sampark rakhanyas madat kelee.
ethiopian sahityatil kahee suruvatichya rachana aamda seyonchya karkirdit lihilya gelya. kadachit sarvat prasiddha kebra nagast aahe, jyache tevha arabimadhun bhashantar jhaale asey mhatale jaate. yaa kalatil itar kamanmadhye segalachya georghisne lihilele 'mashafa mestira samay vamedra' (swarg aanee pruthvichya rahasyanche pustak) aanee 'zena escander' ('alekzandar daad gretcha itihas'), eka pranay aahe jyamadhye alekzandar daad gret khristi sant banato. alnadorfane eka parampara olakhali aahe qee yaveli baybalachya gez anuvadat sudharana karnyat aalee hotee. ullekhaneey mhanje chaar 'sainikanchi ganee' aamda seyonchya karkirdit rachali gelee hotee aanee tee aajtagayat astitvat asaleli amharichi sarvat junie aavrutti aahe. shevati, jerusalemmadhil ethiopian samudayachya granthalayala daan kelyache nondavalela aamada seyon haah pahila raja aahe.
varsa.
"yaa vinashkari vijayanni pudhil done shatake dakshin pradeshat khrishchan kinwa muslim konatya shaktiche varchasva asel yaa nirnayak prashnache nirakaran kele. aamda-seonchya gauravshali vijayanni muslim manevar amharache juu bandhale."mohammed hasson mhanatat", yamule dakshin pradesh ethiopian itihasache majjatantu kendra banala. tyanantar pudhil done shatake, dakshinecha pradesh haah srot rahila jithun itihasacha pravah vegvegalya vahinyanmadhye vahaycha. thodakyat, aamda-seonchya yuddhanni amhara pradeshache malak banavale aanee tevhapasoon amhara yaa nawala lagoon, joou bhavya vijay midvananya rashtrancha aahe, too prabhamandal chamkoon vahat aahe. matra, dirghkalaparyant heey vijay apekshit uddisht sadhya karnyat ayashasvi tharale."" aamda-seonchya mohimanmule eka samrajya nirman jhaale, parantu tyanni rashtra nirmitisathi yogya paya ghatala nahee. konatyahi thos paddhatine sanskratinche sarjansheel vivah, kalpananche marg, sampattichi samaan vatani navhati. khrishchanansathi yaa vijayacha arth satat samruddhi sadhane assa hota. muslimansathi yacha arth satat vinash, lutmar aanee garibi assa hota."
nondi.
aaa. jewels peruconnusar, 'tekula' chaa shabdasha arth 'kolha' tarr 'queste-nihab' chaa arth 'madhmashicha dansh' assa hoto, asey tadese tamrat namood karato."<bii. aar.>
buub. jamal-deane aanee adalchya shaktishali sainyala pahoon tyache anek sainik paloon jaatana pahoon, aajari aamda seyonne namood keleh "yashivay, meach tula vadhavale, tooch tuze poshan kele aanee tula sone, chandiche dagine aanee maulyavan kapadyanni jhakale heey tuu visarla aahes qaa?"<bii. aar.>
see. sinshelache naav rajyapalanchya yadeet 'maikel-bahar' (shabdik arth) yaa shirshakasah 'semee' mhanoon dekhil disate. "nadya/samudrandarmyan", eka uttarekadil sagari prant) aanee shahee itihasat "sumee (-shehal)" aanee "siimii (-shihal)" asey mhatale aahe."inze-aygab" haah dekhil ekada "yanz-aygab" mhanoon disato."<bii. aar.>
dii. tadsey tamratchya matey, jaree shahee itihasamadhye aamda seyonche varnan talwarane sashastr asalyache kele asale, taree itihaskar keval dhanushya aanee baana, bhala aanee dhaal asalelya samratachya kaushalyacha sandarbh deto; tadsey eka padatikat pudhe namood karato qee samkalin hagiographymadhye talwari keval aupcharik paddhatine vaparlya jaatat.<bii. aar.>
eae. tadese tamratchya matey, abiye igzichya hagiographymadhil paramparik sanketanvarun.<bii. aar.>
eff. yaa chaar ganyanchya swaransah eka anuvad 'daad glorive visions' madhye samavisht aahe, pru. 129-134. <br>
sandarbh.
prathamik srot (ethiopian)
duyyam srot