wein corporation

wein corporation hii 'wein' marqa antargat bus aanee itar vahananchi american utpadak company hotee. corporate mukhyalay richmond, indiana, vene county, indiana yethe hote. uttaradhikanyanni shatkachya madhyat, venane uttar americetil shaley basesache agraganya utpadak mhanoon kaam kele.
companyne sadar kelelya navkalpananmadhye shaley basasathi kataave vanne chesisacha pahila vapar aanee baschya shariratil bandhkamatil sanrachanatmak akhandatet sudharana, jyat sharirache sandhe qamee karnyasathi satat rekhansh patalancha vapar samavisht hota; shaley basmadhye sangharajya manakanchya majboot shareer sanrachanechi aavashyakta honyapurvi rachana badal jhaala.
1980 nantar, wenla atee kshamatechya bajarpethet spardha karnyat adchan aalee. diwalkhori ghoshit karoon companyne 1992 madhye kaam karane bund kele aanee tyachi malmatta bund karnyat aalee. nantar 1992 madhye, wein brandchi wein vheel vahane mhanoon punarrachana karnyat aalee, 1995 paryant vyavasay karat hota.
vihangavalokan.
wein heey shaley vahatukitil eka naav aahe jeey sampoorn united states aanee canadamadhye basgadyanvar parichit pivalya shalechya baschya aadhiche aahe. (wein) shatkachya suruvatis, vene works yetheel richmond, indianamadhil karagir aanee tyanchya tyanchya uttaradhikanyanni shatkat ghodyane khechali jaanari vahane tayar kelee, jyat kid haxcha samavesh hota, jee automobilesmadhye aanee aksharshah serve prakarchya basgadyanmadhye vikasit jhaali. vene utpadananmadhye akheris shaley bus, parivahan bus, mahamarg dabe, lashkari aanee shuttle bus, rugnavahika aanee madhyapurvetil teel kshetratil kamgaranna nenyasathi vaparlya jaanarya tractor trailerdware odhalya vikalya mothya basgadyancha samavesh hota.
anek navkalpananmadhye, venane aadhunik shaley basesachya bajuchya rakshak pattya, inboard wheelchair lift aanee uchch-mukhya kholiche darvaje (varoon doke aanee manecha aadhar aavashyak asalelya halchal-aavhanatmak vyaktinsathi vishesh nivas) yancha pudhakar ghetala. hii company pahili hotee, jichyakade shalechi bus, eka kataave vanne chesis, wein busette, hii eka shareer rachana hotee, jee tyachya parichayanantar 40 varshanhun adhik kaal lahan shaley baschya rachnesathi eka udaharan tharel.
1973 madhye sadar karnyat aaleli 'wein lifeguard' sanrachanatmak shareer rachana hii sarvoch suraksha kamgiri hotee, jyat satat aateel aanee bahya anudairdhya puttle hote. sharirachya rachanene tumchyasathi marg mokala karnyas madat kelee.ess. shaley basasathi federal motor vahan suraksha manke (eff. emm. vhee. ess. ess.), jyapaiki bahutek 1 april 1977 roji lagoo jhaali. tyanantarchya varshanmadhye, wein bus suraksha abhiyantrikimadhye aggressor rahili.
jawaljawal 160 varshanchya astitvamadhye, wein anek malki aanee naav badalanmadhun gela. ektya 1955 teey 1975 yaa kalat, divco (divco-wein mhanoon), boij cascade, indian haid, ink. chya malkikhali vyavasay kalapasoon gela.", aanee thysen-bornemiza gut.
1967 madhye, venane united statesmadhil sarvat mothee shaley bus nirmiti suvidha ughadali; aantarrajyiy 70 chya shejari, haah karkhana lakho pravashansathi eka parichit khuna banala. 1980 chya dashakat, atikshamata aanee katheen bajar chakramule udbhavalelya udyog mandiviruddha companyla sangharsh karava lagla. lakho dollarschya nukasaninantar, wein corporation 1992 madhye diwalkhori ghoshit kelee.
1990 chya dashakat, venchi kahee kalasathi wein vheel vahane mhanoon punarrachana karnyat aalee, pratispardhi utpadak sutaradvare vaparlya vikalya richmond karkhanyasah, 1996 pasoon 2000 madhye bund hoiparyant shaley buses bandhalya gelya.
prarambhik itihas (1837-1956).
1837-1900.
1837 saalee doublin, indiana yethe, viit kutumbane eka payabharani ubharali, tevha wein mahamandalachi antim suruvat jhaali. chulichya suruvatichya utpadanabarobarach, foundryne shetichya avajareparyant aapale utpadan vistarle. 1840 aanee 1850 chya dashakat, payabhoot suvidhanchya malkimadhye anek badal kele gele. 1868 madhye, companyne tyanche pahile vahan, tatkalin lokpriy konstoga wagonmadhun tayar kelele ghodyane odhale jaanare upayukt wagon tayar kele.
1870 chya dashakat done pramukh ghatana ghadalya jyamule company kayamchi badalali. 1871 madhye, foundry malkichya punarrachanetun (tyache naav vene county, indiana yethoon ghetale gele) vene krishi companychi sthapana karnyat aalee. 1875 madhye, wein agriculturene aapale kaam richmond, indiana yethe sthalantarit kele.
1880 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, wein krishi praptikaranachya kakshet aalee aanee jawaljawal bund jhaali; 1888 madhye, wein kaam karate mhanoon companychi punarrachana karnyat aalee. 1902 madhye, aagit karkhana nasht jhalyanantar wein workschee punarbandhani karane bhag padale.
baal hacks.
1888 madhye wein krishi bund jhalyanantar, venchya kamanni tyachya utpadananchya shrenivar shetichya shetichya ghodyane odhalya vikalya vahananparyant, jyat wagon aanee gadyansah laksh kendrit karnyas suruvat kelee. 1892 madhye, ohayo shalechya jilhyane vidyarthyanchya vahatukisathi tayar keleli wagon tayar karnyasathi wein workschee nemanook kelee. tyachya 'shalechya gaadee' madhye lakadi bakanchya aasanansah aasanparidhi hotee. tyaa velee vidyarthyanchya vahatukisathi anukool kelelya itar wagonna 'shaletil hacks', 'shaletil truck' kinwa 'mulanchya hacks' asey sambodhale jaat asey."
1900-1930: wagenpasoon teey basparyant.
1902 madhye, aagit karkhana nasht jhalyanantar wein workschee purnapane punarbandhani karane bhag padale. shetichya shetichya door gelyane companyne vahan sansthanchya nirmitikade sankraman suru kele. yavyatirikt, companyne sampoorn motargadyanche utpadan suru kele, 1901 teey 1917 darmyan richmond bandhale gele. indianatil richmond yetheel wein county aitihasik sangrahalayat 1907 madheel durmil 'richmond' pradarshit aahe, tasech wein worksdware tayar kelelya ghodyane kadhalelya 'kid hack' chey dekhil pradarshan aahe.
1922 madhye, venane tour hoome hii eka manoranjak gaadee, jee tyachya baschya bhagatoon tayar kelee gelee hotee, tee suru kelee. 1927 paryant, venane tyachya bahya shareer patalansathi (lakadachya antargat chaukatisah ektrit) poladacha vapar suru keela.
pahilya basgadya.
1910 chya dashakat, venane truck chesisasathi (jase qee phorda model tii) boddy utpadak bananyachi nivad kelee. 1914 madhye, vyavsayik truck sansthanchya eka ranget, companyne tyanchi pahili motoryukt "shaley qaar" sadar kelee, jee tyanchi pahili shaley bus motargadichya chesisvar basavaleli hotee. yaa kalat companyne tayar kelelya shaley vahatukisathichya vahan sansthanmadhye, pravasi baschya samorun navhe tarr bajunna tond karoon, parimiti aasananvar basale. lakadi bakanchya jaagi, jaagi shalechya gadimadhye gadichya jaaga basavanyat aalya hotya.
pravesh aanee baher padane heey mageel bajus asalelya darvajatoon hote, jyacha vapar pahilyanda wagonchya kalapasoon (ghodyanna aashcharyachakit karane talhanyasathi) keela jaat asey. heey vaishishtya kayam thevanyat aale, jeey aajchya basgadyanvar disanare mageel aapatkalin nirgaman banale; pravesh/baher padanyachi prathamik paddhat aata kinarpattichya daratoon aahe.
pahilya mahayuddhanantar, wein worksney mothya sankhyene shaley karche utpadan karnyas suruvat kelee; shaikshanik nidhi aanee shaley aadhunikikaranatil badalambarobarach, united statesmadhil grameen eka kholyanchya shalanchya ghasaranimadhye motoryukt shaley bus haah eka yogdan denara ghatak hota. jaree shalepasoon chaalat vikalya antaravar qamee mule rahat asali, taree shaley vyavasthemadhye qamee parantu mothya bahu-kholyanchya shalancha samavesh hota.
1930 chey dashakah suraksha navkalpana.
1930 chya dashakat shaley baschya rachnet anek mahattvapoorn badal jhaale. itar utpadkambarobarach, vene anek dashakannantarhi shaley baschya rachanecha bhag rahilele badal sadar karnar hote.
1930 madhye, vene works haah steel-sheeted bodieschya jaagi antargat boddy frames purn-steelchya bandhkamasah badalnara pahila utpadak tharala. suruvatila eka paryay mhanoon deu karnyat aalele, sampoorn-steelche utpadan 1933 madhye manak jhaale. 1933 madhye, vene heey suraksha kachechya khidkyansah sampoorn-steelche utpadan denare pahile utpadak banale. yavyatirikt, companyne shaley basgadyanvar basgadyanvar judd-shulk prabalit bajuchya railmadhye tappyatappyane kaam karnyas suruvat kelee, 'takkar rail' kinwa 'guard rail' heey eka atirikt suraksha vaishishtya banale.
1936 madhye, venane tyachya shaley baschya bhagachi punarrachana kelee, jyamule too vibhagiy jhaala, jyamule grahakala durusti kinwa kshamata badalanyasathi vibhag jodata kinwa kadhoon takata aale. 1937 madhye, companyne 115 vidyarthyanna basoo shakanari sarvat mothee shaley bus tayar kelee. 1938 madhye, wein worksney aapali pahili forward-controll school bus sadar kelee, jee tyachya paramparik-chesis bodivar duyyam-paksh rupantaran mhanoon sadar kelee gelee. nantarchya pudhchya enginechya basesachya ulat, chalak pudhchya excelchya varr (pudhchya excelchya aadhiaivaji) basala.
1940 chey dashakah utpadan sankraman.
april 1939 madhye, grameen shikshan tadnya phrank doubleu. yanni aayojit keleli shaley bus udyog parishad. see. aar. shalechya baschi rachana kayamchi badalel. wein works sahbhagi nasla taree, parinam anek udyog-vyapi badalanna karanibhoot thartil. shaley basasathi manak rung mhanoon crome pivala rung swikaranyabarobarach, parishadecha parinam pudhe vikalya jagancha sweekar aanee sharirachya anek parimananche pramanikaran yasah anek udyog-vyapi manakancha vikas karnyat jhaala.
dusare mahayuddha utpadan.
aanee mahayuddhasathi, itar shaley bus utpadkanpramanech, wein sashastr dalansathi lashkari puravathadar mhanoon punha kaam karato. 1942 teey 1945 yaa kalat, venane dodge doubleu. see.-54 4x4 chesisasathi 22,857 rugnavahika tayar kelya. dalanvalan yantranchi dukane aanee bassah kampanikadoon itar vahananchahi lashkarala puravatha karnyat aala. paramparik-chesis bassah, vene ardh-tractorne odhalelya trailer bus tayar kelya; nantarchya bus 150 pravashanchi vahtook karoo shakat hotya.
yuddhasathi poladachi bachat karnyasathi, venechi kaame aanee itar utpadak aanee mahayuddhadarmyan sampoorn poladachya bandhkamapasun lakadi ghatkansah kahee bus boddy bandhanyakade valale. itar bus boddy utpadkanpramanech, companyne yuddhakalat tyanche ayushya vadhavanyasathi junya bus aanee trakchi kahee punarbandhani kelee. 1944 madhye, dusare mahayuddha sampanyachya jawal yetach, wein sampoorn steelchya vastoo bandhanyas paratala.
yuddhanantarche yug.
aanee mahayuddhanantar, wein worksney tyachya vahanansathi naveen bajarpethanshi julavun ghenyas suruvat kelee. 1948 madhye, venane vegalya basache vitaran karnyasathi kraun kochsah sanyukt upkramat pravesh keela; yaa sanyukt upkramacha parinam mhanoon kraun heey venche paschim kinarpattiche vitarak banale. tyach varshi, wells corporation auph windser, auntario heey wein works school basesache ekmev canadian vitarak banale. halsey vhee. sathee naav dile gele. wells (jyane etch. chee sthapana kelee. vhee. wells limited. 1925) madhye, wells corporation sthapana pahilyanda warford corporation mhanoon karnyat aalee. canadache warford prasaran vitarit karnyasathi.
1950-1956: venecha shevat kaam karato.
karato uttaradhat, jeffery ives corporation 1897 pasoon companychya malkishi sambandhit clements kutumbakadun venchi kaame vikat ghetalyamule venche kaam haat badalale.
1952 madhye, companyne punha design keleli bus boddy sadar kelee, jyat rapperound mageel khidakya aanee paryayi rapperound windshield sadar karnyat aale.
1950 chya dashakachya madhyat, venane vyavsayik karche done utpadak vikat ghetalyamule, bus utpadanachya palikade vistar keela. 1954 madhye companyne ulka motor qaar aanee eka.jeey. 1956 madhye miller company, tyanna miller-mateor mhanoon ekatra villin karate.
1956 madhye, neuton glakelne vene worksmadhye vilinikaran karnyasathi divkoshi vataghati suru kelya. 1949 chya sambhavya vikrisathi richmond karkhanyachi tapasani kelyanantar, newyorkmadheel guntavanukdarane vyaj kayam thewale. tyaa velee americet, vyavsayik qaar utpadanat 50 takke vaataa miller-meterchya niyantranakhali asatana, shaley bus utpadanat 25 takke vaataa venchya niyantranakhali hota.
divco-wein corporation (1956-1968).
november 1956 madhye, newyorkmadheel sthavar malmatta guntavanukdar neuton glakelchya netrutvakhali divco aanee vene worksche vilinikaran purn kele, divkone venechi malmatta sampadan kelee; 26 takke hissa glakelchya malkichya low firmchya malkicha hota. vilinikaranantar, venene divco-wein corporation mhanoon vyavasay suru keela; 1961 paryant, vilinikaran jhalelya companyche serve vyavasthapan venekadoon jhaale, aanee glakel adhyaksh mhanoon karyarat hote.
divco-wein rachana.
vilinikaranantar divco-venane eka utpadan samoohamadhye vistar keela; tyachya bus, vyavsayik qaar aanee truck utpadananchya palikade, divco-venane bhramandhvani ghare, manoranjak vahane aanee rugnavahika nirmitimadhye vistar keela. divco jaree aaplya nave vitarit vitarit vahananche utpadan suru thewel, taree jawaljawal serve vahan utpadan wein aanee tyachya vyavsayik qaar sahayyak kampanyandvare purn jhaale.
vitaran vahane (divco).
divco mhanje detroit audhyogik vahan company. 1926 madhye sthapan jhaleli divco hii dudh truck mhanoon bandhalelya anek udaharanansah, vitaranasathichya agraganya vahanansathi olakhali jaat hotee. divon-devine vilinikaranachya velee, americet vikalya vikalya dudh vitaran vahananpaiki 75 takke divokadoon utpadit kelya jaat hotya.
1926 madhye pahilyanda bandhanyat aalelya divkone 1986 paryant aaplya vitaran truckche utpadan kele; keval volkswagen bhring ekach pidhikhali jaast kaal utpadan karat rahile. divco truck aaj lokpriy gola karnyayogya vahane bunley aahet.
1956 chya vilinikaranantar divco-venane tyachya detroit suvidhemadhye divco truckche utpadan suru thewale. 1959 teey 1961 yaa kalat companyne divco dividend bus tayar kelee, eka divco truck jyamadhye wein baschya jaaga aanee khidakya badalalya gelya.
1967 madhye divco-venane aapali navdhari truck nirmiti shakha vatanukoolan utpadak transerkokade vikali. vikricha eka bhag mhanoon, transeirconne 1969 madhye divco truckche utpadan detroit yethoon delaware, ohayo yethe halavale, jeey 1986 paryant tikale.
bus utpadan (wein).
(wein) shatkat venane wein shetichi kaame mhanoon suruvat kelee, tevha serve utpadan richmond, indiana yetheel tyachya suvidhet kendrit hote. bahutansh bus sansthanmadhye antargat utpadit bhag aanee itaranni tayar kelele kharedi kelele ghatak hote, jeey ektritpane bus sansthanmadhye jodale gele. asha prakare, indiana yaa richmond prakalpachi done pramukh karye mhanje bhaganche utpadan aanee jodani. amerikechya aaspaschya truck boddy vikretyanchya anek thikani aanee wells, limited yetheel canadian assembly plantmadhye wein bus bodies dekhil ekatra kelya gelya. windser, auntario. 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila aul north american assembliche richmond, indiana aanee windser, auntario yethe kendrikaran jhalyanantarhi sanch paradeshat pathvanyat aale.
shaley bus udhyogachya suruvatichya varshanmadhye, karkhanyane bus boddy ekatra karnyasathi vaparale jaanare bahutek bhag tayar kele, parantu apoorn truck chesisvar ekatra karnyasathi, united states aanee canadatil boddy vikretyanna ekatra naan karata pathvanyachi pratha hotee. haloohaloo, purn jhalelya basesachi mahamarg vahtook adhik vyavharik hott gelee aanee shaley bus sanstha adhik atyadhunik hott gelya, united states aanee canadamadhye truckchya chesisvar sampoorn bodyjchi assembly boddy companyanchya malkichya thikani kendrikrut jhaali. kampanya anekada paradeshat 'sanch' pathvat rahilya.
1960 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, itar anek sanstha (visheshtah blue burd boddy company aanee perley aii. thomas qaar works) yanni anek thikani assembly prakalpanchi dekhbhal kelee. yuu madhye anek vidhansabha bindu sthapit karnyaivaji.ess., venane downtown richmandjavalil eae streetvaril gardichya aanee junya wein works suvidhechya jaagi united stateschya utpadanasathi utpadan aanee assembly donhi hatalnyaitka motha ekach naveen prakalp nivadala. pramukhyane canadachya aayat shulkamule, swatantra canadian assembly plant (wells, limited.) canadachya utpadanasathi sthapan karnyat aale aanee tyachi dekhbhal karnyat aalee. 1963 madhye divco-venane wellsche purnapane adhigrahan kele, jyamule tee companychi upakampani bunley.
vyavsayik qaar.
vyavsayik qaar (agraganya vyapar sanghatanekadun uddhrut) hii 'pravasi karchya shailivar aadharit aanee antyavidhi, bachav kinwa vastrasevemadhye vaparali jaanari sanukoolit-shareer vahan' mhanoon shithilpane paribhashit kelee jaate."ashee vahane rugnavahika, antyasanskarachya gadya (qaan, fulanchya gadya, seva gadya), limozin kinwa sanyojan qaar, visheshtah anek karye (agni-rugnavahika, sedan rugnavahika kinwa avaidh dabe) ekatra karnyasathi tayar keleli vahane asoo shakatat. 1930 teey 1970 chya dashkaparyant, asha vahanansathi eka samanya prarambhik bindu cadilac vyavsayik chesis (kinwa tatsam vahane) hota; hevi-duty fremcha vapar karoon, vahan dashboardchya mage eka ughadya chesis hote, jyamule serve bahya aanee aateel bodywork kochbildersdware purn karane baakee hote (bahutek vahan hatane purn kele gele hote).
divco-wein corporation miller-mateor aanee cottner-bivington yaa done vyavsayik qaar utpadakanna vikat ghetale; donhi kampanyanni antyasanskarachya qaar aanee rugnavahika tayar kelya.
miller-meater.
wein worksney 1954 madhye ohayochya pica yetheel ulka motor qaar company vikat ghetali. ulkane limozin aanee rugnavahika yasarkhya vyavsayik qaar tayar kelya.
1956 madhye, venane aii.jeey. ohayo yetheel belefontenchi millerchi vyavsayik qaar nirmiti company. aaa.jeey. girani companyne 1853 madhye ghodyanchya gadya tayar karoon suruvat kelee hotee aanee nantar 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila motargadya tayar karnyas suruvat kelee. tathapi, chhotya companyla aadhalale qee teey mothya vahan utpadkanshi sarvasadharan bajarpethet spardha karoo shakat naheet, mhanoon tyanni shravan aanee rugnavahika yanmadhye visheshikaran karnyas suruvat kelee. varshanuvarshe giranitil shravan jagbharat prasiddha jhaale aanee vaparale gele. miller company. venchi vidyaman vyavsayik qaar upakampani, ulka motor qaar companysah ektrit karoon, vencha naveen miller-meater (emm-emm) vibhag tayar karnyat aala.
navyane sthapan jhalela samooh yaa kshetrat aaplya sandhee vikasit karat asalyane vyavsayik qaar utpadak miller aanee ulka, navyane miller-mateor mhanoon ektrit kele gele, divco-venchya gatat aanale gele. jaree alikadech ektrit miller-mateor company suruvatila belifontain, ohayo yethe hotee, jee moolatah aaa chey ghar hotee.jeey. divco-venchya malkikhalil girani company nantar pikwa, ohayo, ulkapadache june gaav, jawalach halavanyat aalee.
1984 madheel 'ghostbusters' aanee tyachya 1989 chya aanee tyanantarchya chitrapatatil mukhya patranni vaparlele vahan, ecto-1 heey 1959 madheel cadilac aahe, jyat miller-meater rugnavahika aahe.
cottner-bivington.
divco-venane 1965 madhye cottner-bivington koch company (see-bii) vikat ghetali, jyamule tee wein corporation upakampani bunley. dhoomketu koch company mhanoon sthapan jhalelya coachbuilderne 1959 madhye 'dhoomketu' navachya adhikaranchi vikri phorda motor companyla kelee (jyane linken-mercurie vibhagasathi tyacha vapar karnyacha prayatna keela); 1960 madhye paaraa dhoomketu sadar karnyat aala. pratisad mhanoon, dhoomketuchya prashikshakane swatache naav badaloon cottner-bivington prashikshak company asey kele, tyachya done sansthapakanchi nave ghetali; companyne kahee mailanvar uttares asalelya memphis, tenacy yethoon blithville, arkansas yethe sthalantarit kele.
divco-venane tyachya adhigrahanaveli, cottner-bivingtonne pramukhyane junya mobile vyavsayik chesisvar aadharit rugnavahikanmadhye vishesh kaushalya prapt kele.
1968 madhye, venane cottner-bivington suvidhancha vapar karoon truck-aadharit rugnavahikeche utpadan suru kele. 1968 saalee, 1971 saalee 'vanguard' (shevrolet vanver aadharit) aanee 1973 saalee 'medicruzer' (dodge ramm vanver aadharit) paryant vistarat 'centinal' (shevrolet upnagariyavar aadharit) sadar karnyat aale. 1971 saalee yaa centinalla mukhya kholimadhye vaadh midali, parantu teey keval 1972 chya aadarsh varshabharat bandhanyat aale. tyanantar, venechya pahilya prakarchya (pickup chesis) modular rugnavahika varr prahari brandche naav vaparale gele. richmond, indiana, bus prakalpat, kalji-oo-vanne rugnavahika yunitsathi, kataave chesis aanee wein busette bodiesvar aadharit boddy shales tayar karnyat aale.
1973 madhye, wein truck-aadharit rugnavahikeche utpadan pica, ohayo yethe halavanyat aale, jithe miller-meterche ghar aahe. see-bii 1975 chya aadarsh varshabharat vyavasayat rahila, 1964 nantar fakt junya mobile vyavsayik chesisvar bandhkam kele; itar serve utpadan truck-aadharit rugnavahika banale. 1967 madhye, utpadit serve vahananvar vatanukoolan pramanit karnari hii company pahili coachbuilder tharali.
gair-vahan vibhag.
divco-wein corporation utpadit kelelya gruhnirman brandmadhye kozi, elkar, starr aanee national yancha samavesh hota. divco-wein samoohakade divco-wein sweekruti mahamandal hii eka aarthik shakha dekhil hotee, jyala divco-wein vittiy, vene sweekruti kinwa vittiy mahamandal aanee vene vittiy vikri mahamandal mhanoonahi olakhale jaat asey.
1958 teey 1959 paryant, divco-wein electronics kampanikade hotee. ohayochya cincinnatichya gruen watch companychya electronics vibhagachya 15 laakh dollarschya kharedit divco-venane aerospace tantradnyan vibhagat pravesh karnyacha prayatna keela. kharab nikalanantar, electronics vibhag vikala gela.
vitaran jaale.
shalechya bus kantratdarankadun kahipeksha jaast vene vikrete chalavale jaat hote. aaraa vahtook aanee leey-low heey sarvat mothe hote. itaranmadhye plyesto, nyu hampshire, warrenche shahar aanee deshi vahtook, road bett, duncananche rohrer, pensylvania, richmond, virginiachi virginia overland vahtook aanee shanny mission, cansaschya shaley bus sevancha samavesh hota. heey shaley bus kantratdar, jyapaiki barech jann paratranst sevanchya kararat dekhil sahbhagi hote, tyanna asey aadhalale qee vikretyane wein yethe utpadanachya rachnesathi srot aanee input donhi pradan kele aahet, tasech kantrati kalavadhichya shevati atirikt upkarananchya vikrisathi eka naisargik outlet dekhil aahe.
wein export haah divco-wein vibhag hota, joou uttar americebaher vighatit wein bodies nock-daun kitts (see. keey. dii. ess.) vikanyat vishesh hota. 1957 paryant, 60 vegvegalya deshanmadhye wein bus sanstha vaparat hotya.
1963 madhye, venane spanish ess. laa parwana deela.aaa. venchya tantradnyanavar aanee aarakhadyanvar aadharit barcelona prashikshak mandalanmadhye bosuga tayar karnar aahe. pramukhyane pegaso aanee barreiros-eka chesisacha vapar karoon heey bosuga wein mhanoon vikale jaat hote. spanish bajarpethet koch bodyjsathi gardi asalyamule haah upkram alpakalin hota.
karkhanyache punarvasan.
1964 salapasoon divco-venane naveen prakalpachya bandhkamachya yojana suru kelya. karkhana bandhanyasathi 100 ekarhoon adhik jaminichi garaj asalyane companyne florence, kentki yethe eka jaaga kharedi kelee. pratisad mhanoon, richmond aanee sthanik yuo samudayane 450,000 dollarschee ubharani kelee, jenekarun companyla shaharabaher 100 ekar jaminivar bandhanyasathi patvoon dile jaau shakate, jeey shaharachya vayvyes aantarrajyiy 70 aanee us 35 chya chhedanbindujaval aahe.
aahe uttaradhat, 35 laakh dollarschya kharchane naveen suvidheche bandhkam suru jhaale. 1967 chya suruvatila ughadalyanantar, naveen richmond karkhanyat steel utpadan press, ganj-pratirodhak upkarane aanee pent booths ekach chhatakhali serve vene utpadananchya reshansathi assembly aanee utpadan samavisht hote. jaree niryat buses see. keey. dii. swarupat pathavalya jaat asayachya (pathvani sulabh karnyasathi), taree naveen karkhanyane serve basesana karkhana purnapane ekatra karoon aanee chalvinyayogya sodanyachi parvanagi dilee.
divco-venche breakup.
1967 teey 1968 yaa kalat, wein corporation rachana lakshaniyaritya badalali, 2 varshant donada haat badalale. badalale akheris divco vikrisathi thevanyat aalee aanee transeirkokade vikali gelee. gelee suruvatila, neuton glakelne divco-wein corporation sampoorn vikri suru kelee.
anek prastavannantar, janewari 1968 madhye hii company lakud-utpadane utpadak, boij cascadela 47.1 kotee dollarla vikali gelee. boij cascadene tyachya utpadit-gruhnirman vibhagasathi divco-vencha shodh ghetalyamule, wein corporation aktoobar 1968 madhye bharatiy pramukh, ink. laa $15 dashalakshala punha vikale gele., eka kapad samooh. yaa vikrimadhye wein corporation aanee tyachya vahtook-vibhagachya sahayyak companyancha samavesh hotah wells, miller-mateor aanee cottner-bivington.
wein corporation (1968-1992).
bharatiy pramukh malki (1968-1975).
divco-venane eka sangh sthapan keela hota aanee serve suvidha mulat venchya richmond, indiana talamadhye asalelya madhyam aakarachya samoohat vistarlya hotya. yaulat, bharatiy pramukhanni 1968 madhye wein corporation aanee tichya sahayyak kampanya kharedi kelya tevha teey aadhich eka mothe aanee vaividhyapurn corporate samooh hote. vene corp vikat ghetala., jyachi divco-venkadoon 'shaley bus, rugnavahika, shravan, vyavsayik gadyancha nirmata' mhanoon nond karnyat aalee.
naveen pidhichya buses.
1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila lahan shaley basesasathi vaparnyasathi yogya naveen platform vikasit jhaale. yavyatirikt, purn aakarachya shaley basesachi moolbhut sanrachanatmak akhandata sudharanyasathi, wein abhiyante rekhachitra mandalakade parat gele aanee shalechya buses sampoorn naveen rachnasah kasha bandhalya gelya heey badalale.
chhotya basah papooj aanee busette.
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila, paramparik prakaranpeksha lahan parantu 4 peksha jaast chake asalelya shaley basesasathi mukhya vyaspeeth vyavsayik vitaran kamasathi vyapak vaparat asalele truck chesis hoteh step vanne. moolatah divco truck kinwa aay. etch. see. metro vanchy eka naveen, mothee pidhi mhanoon vikasit keleli, step vanne chesis duheri mageel chakansah bandhali gelee hotee aanee ughadya chaukatisah shareer utpadkakade pathavali gelee hotee. anekada 'pii-chesis' mhanoon olakhali jaanari step-vanne chesis phorda kinwa general motors yaa donhidware tayar kelee jaat asey.
1969 madhye, sutar boddy works hii pii-chesisvar shaley bus tayar karnari pahili company bunley, jyala cadett asey naav denyat aale. 1970 madhye, venene shevrolet pii-chesisasathi swatachi vahan line vikasit kelee, jyala vene papooj asey naav denyat aale. papoozchya pudhil bhagachi rachana pudhe drushyamanata vadhavanyachya prayatnat karnyat aalee hotee; jeey asamanya swaroop deil, tyaa pudhil bhagachya bhagachya kamamule sapat kaach aanee sapat-panelyukt sheetmattlecha vapar dekhil jastit jaast keela gela. kahee nirikshakanni tyachya swarupat 'gambhir' mhanoon varnan kelelya papusla itar topananavehi qamee dayalu hotee.
jaree papoos shaley bus vibhagat jaaga midvanyat ayashasvi tharala aanee 1973 madhye too bund karnyat aala, taree itar shaley bus utpadakanni 1970 chya dashakachya akheris ashach sanrachanechya buses vikasit kelya, jyat nila pakshi miinii pakshi aanee sutar cadett 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat utpadan suru hote.
papooj ayashasvi jhalyanantar, venane aanakhi lahan shaley bus vikasit karane nivadle, shalechya baschya vaparasathi katve vanne chesisache rupantar karnara too pahila utpadak tharala. 1973 madhye, shevrolet/jee. emm. see. aanee dodge chesisacha vapar karoon busette sadar karnyat aale. busetchya aadhi, lahan shaley buses purn-aakarachya vanne kinwa mothya ess. yuu. vhee. chey (jase qee shevrolet upnagariy kinwa aantarrashtriy travelol) rupantaran hote. katve chesisacha vapar karoon, busetne duheri mageel chakanchya chesisvar uddeshane tayar keleli bus boddy thewali; rund mageel excellne rupantarit pravasi vahananpeksha sthirata aanee kshamateche atirikt antar pradan kele.
tyachya parichayanantar, busetne (aanee tyacha transet vyavsayik prakar) keval shaley buses navhe tarr serve lahan basesachya sanrachanesathi eka aarakhada udaharan tayar keela. busette aanee transet dekhil wheelchair liftney susajj asalelya pahilya lahan basgadyanpaiki eka hotya.
purn aakarachya basah jivanrakshak.
1930 chya dashakachya suruvatila, shalechya baschya rachnet guard rail aanee serve-dhatuche bandhkam bandhkam pahilya shaley bus utpadakanpaiki wein eka hota. lakadi shareer bandhanipeksha surakshit asatana, dhatuchya dhatuchya shareer patalanni tyanchya swatachya samasya nirman kelya; eka apghatamadhye, shariracha eka kamkuvat bindu sandhe mhanoon olakhala gela jethe shareer puttle ekatra bandhale gele hote.
1967 madhye, konave, arkansas (eka pratispardhi bus utpadak) chya prabhag karyanchya suraksha abhiyantyanni tyanchya shaletil baschya eka sansthechi ekadhik roll chachani kelee aanee sandhyanmadhil vegalepana nondavala. wardney nondavale qee tyanche anek pratispardhi khoopach qamee revet aanee fastner vaparat hote. yamule serve utpadakanni fastnerschee sankhya aanee gunavattekade naveen laksh dile.
fakt adhik fastners jodanyaivaji, wein abhiyantyanni boddy panelche sandhe purnapane kadhoon taknyacha prastav mandala; moolatah, baschi sampoorn bajoo dhatuchya ekach tukadyapasun tayar karavi lagel. chhappar puttle tyach paddhatine tayar kele jailah eka tukada, lambinusar kapla jaeel. keval aateel rachana, snrakshak rail aanee baschya mageel bajus fastnerschee aavashyakta asel.
1973 madhye, venane naveen rachana sadar kelee, jivarakshakala branded kele. jaree jivanrakshakanchya shareer patalanchya nirmitisathi wenla vishesh upkarananchi aavashyakta asali, taree yaa rachanene ekoon sharirache vajan aanee jodanisathi aavashyak asalele manushya-taas dekhil qamee kele.
bharatiy haid aanee thysen.
1973 madhye bharatiy pramukhanni thysen-bornemisa samooh aine. sobat sanyukt vyavasay upkram sthapan keela.vhee., eka dutch holding company. 1975 madhye, urvarit bharatiy pramukh udyog monako yetheel eka samooh asalelya thysen-bornemiza yaa companyla vikale gele (aanee tyat dumadale gele), jyachi malki eka vyaktichi hotih barren hans heinrich (heiney) thysen-bornemiza.
thysen-bornemiza malki (1975-1984).
thissenne pudhil barich 8-10 varshe uttar americetil guntavanuk vikanyat kinwa bund karnyat ghalavali. 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila, wein corporation sthapana sthapana thysen-bornemizachya bhaganmadhye ghasaran jhaali. 1980 paryant, wein keval jaganyasathi sangharsh karat asalelya vibhagat bus utpadak mhanoon astitvat hota.
1975 madhye, jevha wein corporation malki bharatiy pramukhankadun thysenkade halavali gelee, tevha wein americetil sahaa pramukh shaley bus boddy builderspacky eka hota. 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, venane kahee fayadeshir varshe anubhavali, tyachya busette aanee transet utpadananchya vikrimule utsahat hota. 1980 paryant hii company americetil 'bigg six' shaley bus sanstha nirmiti kampanyanpaiki eka hotee, jee blue burd boddy company, sutar boddy works, superior koch company, thomas nirmit bus, ink. yanchyashi spardha karat hotee., aanee prabhag karya karate; mothya sahaa kheladunna kraun koch corporation aanee gillig broj sameel jhaale., jeey utpadak pramukhyane paschim paschim vyapar karat asat.
uttar americetil shaley bus kharedichya pramanat mandee 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat bebby boomchya mulanni tyanche prathamik aanee madhyamik shikshan purn kele. qamee pramanasathi boolii lavnyachi spardha napha aanee agadi taraltesathi dekhil vinashkari tharali.
vyavsayik motar utpadan bund karane.
1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat vyavsayik qaar udhyogavar teen ghatakancha nakaratmak aanee kholvar parinam jhaala. tyaveli, anek tukadya rugnavahika aanee antyavidhichi vahane mhanoon kaam karat hotya, jyanna 'combinations' mhanatat."1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat sarvasadharan sevetoon sanyojan gayab jhaale. 1977 chya model varshapasoon suru jhalelya americetil sarvat mothya lakzari gadyanchya aakarmanat jhalelya ghatamule vyavsayik qaar nirmatyanvar mothe badal karnyas bhag padale gele, jeey tyanchya rupantaran prakriya suru karnyasathi general motors aanee phorda motor kampanikadoon kharedi kelelya qaar framewar avalambun hote.
cottner-bivington 1975 madhye bund karnyat aale, aanee thysenne tyachi malmatta vikali; miller-mateor 1979 chya akheris bund karnyat aale. 
urvarit purn-aakarachya cadilac utpadan modelchya shrenibarobarach, vahanache vajan aanee indhanacha vapar qamee karnyasathi 1977 madhye cadilac vyavsayik chesisacha aakar qamee karnyat aala. cadilac vibhagane vibhagane 1,299 vyavsayik chesis bandhale; tyapaiki ekoon, keval 21 jivanrakshak cadilac rugnavahika venechya miller-meater upakampanidware tayar kelya gelya.
1978 madhye, cadillache vyavsayik chesis utpadan aanakhi qamee houn keval 852 units jhaale; miller-meterla keval 4 rugnavahika magavanyat aalya. taxie miller-meater rugnavahika navhatya. 13 december 1979 roji, 1853 salapasoon mool asalelya companyne aapale darvaje bund kele. companyne 252 252 kamavarun kadhoon takale aanee tyanchya 34 uttar american vitarkanche karar sampushtat aanale. 1970 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, paristhiti gambhir hott asatana, emm. emm. aanee see. bii. chey palak wein corporation aanee venchya thissen malakanni konatyahi companyt mothya pramanat guntavanuk naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jeey badalatya vyavsayik qaar aanee rugnavahika bandhkam udhyoganchya anishchit bhavishyasathi aavashyak hote. chaloo vyavasay mhanoon konatyahi upakampanisathi kharedidar navhate. 1980 madhye, cottner-bivington rugnavahika utpadan shreni madhya-khand rupantaran companyche malak januk nisley yanna vikali gelee., jeey misaurichya cances shaharatil rugnavahika aanee vaidyakeey bandhkam karnare hote. arkansaschya blithvillemadhil see-bii prakalp bund karnyat aala.
kahee varshannantar, ohayo yetheel norwalk yetheel aanakhi eka vyavsayik qaar nirmatyane miller-meater navache haqq midavale aanee punarujjivit kele, jeey 2004 madhye miller-meater brand navane cadilac aanee linken chesisvar antyasanskarache dabe aanee limozinchi eka ola tayar karat hote.
tyach velee coachbuildersna vahan udhyogat aakarman qamee karanyachi sandhee midali, united statesmadhil federal sarkarne aapatkalin vahananchi kiman rundi, headroom aanee upkarananchya patalishi sambandhit tyachya garja adyayavat kelya. heey badal 1973 chya rashtriy eae. emm. ess. pranali kayadyacha bhag hote, joou 1974 madhye congressne manjur keela aanee chaar varshannantar (1978 madhye) tyachi amalbajavani karnyat aalee. samudayanna sanghiy nidhi milanyasathi, tyanchya rugnavahika adyayavat federal vaishishtyanchi purtata karnyasathi aavashyak hotya. pravasi-aadharit vahananna jaanunbujun kayadyatoon vagalanyat aale aanee 1978 madhye americene tayar keleli shevatchi vahan-aadharit rugnavahika bandhanyat aalee.
teen rachana shaili nikashanchi purtata karatat aanee aajahi vaparat aahet (2017 paryant):
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila, venane bigger-qaar-aadharit rugnavahikachi sampoorn rang suru kelee; prakar III madhyam-cruiser lokpriy dodge bii-sirij vanne trademan panel vanver aadharit hota, cair-oo-vanne hii prakar II rugnavahika hotee aanee prakar I snrakshak, 1 tunn truck-aadharit modular rugnavahikechi prarambhik aavrutti hotee.
sassa parivahanah 41-emm. pii. jee. taxie.
taxie urja sankatachya kalat, venchya abhiyantriki vibhagane diselver diselver volkswagen sasachya taana rupantaranachya nirmiticha prayog keela. itar vahananchya tulanet "sassa hastantaran" vahanat khoop karyaksham indhan vaparasah mothya sankhyene pravashanchi (8-12) vahtook karanyachi kshamata asel.
miinii-taxie prakalp venane sodala. sambhavya dayitva karananmule, richmond plantmadhye varanvar disanare "sassa" mahamarg vaparasathi vikale jaau shakale naheet aanee nantar teey nasht karnyat aale.
thayasendware vikri.
jaree sarvajanikaritya nondavale gele nasale taree (thaysenchya antargat corporate malki khajgi asalyane), bahudha 1980 kinwa 1981 chya sumaras vene aanee wellsche nuksan houu lagale aanee heey 1982 paryant chaloo rahile. 1983 paryant, vene vitarak aanee unionchya netyanna sanganyat aale qee vene/wells yetheel varshik nuksan lakhomadhye hote aanee thaysenche malak sambandh aanee aarthik raktasrav sampavanyasathi tayar hote.
1984 madhye, tyachya sanghatit kamgaranni dilelya lakshaniy savalatinnantar, sthanik #721 madheel united auto kamgaranche sadasya, jyancha uddesh companyla adhik karyaksham banavane haah hota, wein corporation (aanee tyachi canadian upakampani, wells, limited.) thysenne naveen malakanna vikale hote.
richmond vahtook mahamandal (1985-1992).
1984 madhye, jacq etch yanni richmond vahtook mahamandalachi (aar. tii. see.) sthapana kelee. decruif, eka corona dell maar, california-aadharit udhyogpati aanee anek adhikari jyanni bharatiy pramukh aanee thysen malkikhali anek varshe wein yethe seva kelee hotee. aar. tii. see. neey februwari 1985 madhye canadatil wein corporation aanee tyachi wells upakampani vikat ghetali. terry jee. whitesell yanna aar. tii. see. chey adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. richmond, indiana yetheel nagri nete, wein yetheel tyanchya purvichya purvichya 15 varshanhun adhik kalavadhitil vikri, vipanan aanee kharedi yancha samavesh hota. whitesell company, tyache vitarak aanee puravathadar jaale aanee udhyogat prasiddha hote.
jaree udhyogpati guntavanukdar mhanoon, decruifchi samasyagrast vyavasay bund karanyachi nond asali, taree naveen sansthela kaam karanyachi aanee spardha karanyachi parvanagi denyasathi tyala patvoon denyat aale. tyanantar anek yashasvi varshe gelee. kataave vanne chesisvaril chapron aanee chapron II utpadananni changli kamgiri kelee aanee anek vene vikreta-kantratdar vistarat hote, visheshtah leey-low. 1986 chya akheris, company prarambhik sarvajanik sambhag prastav (aay. pii. oo.) suru karanyachi tayari karat hotee, tevha tyaa octobermadhye "black somwar" neey share bajarat dhadak dilee, jyamule aay. pii. oo. radd karnyas bhag padale gele.
naveen pidhichya basah chapron aanee lifestar.
1985 madhye, venane eka kataave vanne chesis vaparnyasathi tayar keleli eka shaley bus, chapron sadar kelee. jaree hii bus bajarat yashasvi tharali asali taree tyachi 63 inchanchi manak aateel unchi purn aakarachya shaley baspeksha khoopach qamee hotee. yavyatirikt, companyne eka chhotya basmadhye wein lifeguardchya rekhansh-panelchya bandhkamala anukool karnyacha prayatna keela. busette/transetchya samaan jee. emm. aanee phorda dual rear-vheel chesisacha vapar karoon, chapron tyachya shariravar jivanrakshakchya ekal-panelchya bandhkamasah, bus-shailichya manak darvajasah basato. 1990 paryant busetche utpadan chapronchya bajoone chaloo rahile, jevha venane tyache boddy tooling madhya basala vikale.
1986 madhye, wein corporation 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatipasoonchi pahili pargaman-shailichi shaley bus, wein lifestar aanee aanee mahayuddhanantarchya front-engine mandanisah pahili pargaman-shailichi bus sadar kelee. visheshtah shaley baschya vaparasathi tayar kelele, jeevan tarkache mukhya bhag jeevan rakshakachya anudairdhya bajuchya patalanna samayik karnyasathi tayar kele gele hote. tyachya sarvat mothya pratispardhyanpramane, venkade utpadan upkarane kinwa antargat chasee tayar karanyachi kshamata navhati; parinami, bahereel puravathadarakadun chasee ghene mahattvache hote. companychya niyantranabaherchya purvathyachya samasyanmule, tyachya utpadan kalavadhichya tulanet, anek puravathadarancha vapar jivanmanasathi keela gela.
diwalkhori.
shalechya bus bajarpethet, wenla tyachya pratispardhyansobat sangharsh karava lagla. 1986 madhye, canadatil venasathi eka pramukh sambhavya aurder wein aanee wardmadhye vibhagali gelee. 1987 madhye canadatil tyacha vihiricha karkhana aagit nasht jhaala; haah vibhag vyavasayat thevanyasathi, wenla windsermadhil eka vegala karkhana navyane tayar karava lagla; juuna 1990 madhye, vihiricha vibhag purnapane bund karnyat aala.
wein lifestarchya parichayanantar lagechach, blue burd tii. see./2000 sadar karnyat aale; lifestarsarkhech eka model, tii. see./2000 neey shaley bus vibhagacha motha vaataa ghetala. 1991 madhye, wein lifestarsathi chesis puravathadar asalelya navistarne amtranmadhye niyantrit swarasya kharedi kele; shaley bus utpadanat prabhag sampanyabarobarach, kharedimule chesis puravathadarandvare shaley bus utpadakanche vilinikaran aanee adhigrahan karnyacha kalavadhi dekhil suru jhaala.
richmond vahtook mahamandalane (aar. tii. see.) august 1992 madhye diwalkhori jaheer kelee aanee company lilavasathi thewali.
upasamhar.
vene vheel asaleli vahane (1993-1995).
richmond vahtook mahamandalachya diwalkhorinantar, wein mahamandalache astitva prabhavipane sampushtat aale. tyachya diwalkhorichya kalat, utpadan adhikar aanee companychya anek malmatta (company swatach aanee tyachya dayitve vagalata) februwari 1993 madhye harsco corporation bii. emm. aay. sanrakshn upakampaneene 21 laakh dollarmadhe kharedi kelya. lashkari utpadanachya palikade vaividhyapurn bananyachya prayatnat, bii. emm. aay. neey wein brandla wein vheel vehicles (doubleu. doubleu. vhee.) mhanoon punha suru kele aanee bus utpadan tyachya merisville, ohayo mukhyalayat sthalantarit kele.
1875 nantar prathamach, wein aata richmond, indianashi sambandhit navhata; wein corporation karkhana vikrimadhye samavisht navhata aanee bund rahila. ohayomadhye, jivanrakshak aanee jeevan tarankit purn-aakarachya basgadyanni chapron chhotya baschya bajoone utpadan punha suru kele (1990 madhye busetche utpadan sampale). shaley basgadyanni mothya pramanat badal naan karata utpadan punha suru kele, sarvat ullekhaneey sudharana mhanje jeevan tarkansathi chesis puravathadaranmadhye jhalela badal. 
1994 madhye, harscone sanrakshn puravathadar mhanoon aapale paul badalanyas suruvat kelee; jyamule tyachya 5 tunn truck margache utpadan bii. emm. aay. neey thambavale. venchi (vyavsayik bus utpadkala) vikri karnyacha prayatna ayashasvi jhalyanantar, ww juuna 1995 madhye mool company harscone bund kele. sadhya, wein utpadan shreni aanee brand navachi hii antim upasthiti aahe. 
tee bund asatana, wein hii aar. dii.-9000 shaala bus vikasit karnyachya prakriyet hotee. mageel enginechi rachana asalelya aar. dii.-9000 madhye lakshaniy pragati aanee navkalpana darshavilya gelya, jyamule vahan chalvane aanee seva dene yaa donhinsathi vapar sudharla. heey vahan keval namuna mhanoon bandhanyat aale hote, jyamadhye nantar spardhatmak utpadakanni swikarlelya aar. dii.-9000 chee kahee vaishishtye hotee. 
madhya bus.
1980 madhye, vyavsayik qaar udyog kosalalyanantar aanee shaley bus boddy utpadakanmadhye vadhati atikshamata, limachi uchch koch company, ohiyo hii tyachya mool company sheller-globene bund kelee. pudhchya varshi, teen majee varishtha karmchari aanee saat sahkari yanni chhotya shaley basgadyanmadhye visheshikaran karanyachi nivad karoon madhya baschi sthapana kelee. superior buy miid bus' navachya chhotya baschi suruvat karoon (eka vegalya companyne purn-aakarachya superior school buses tayar kelya), companyne eka unch chhat, shareer bajoo majboot karane aanee vibhajit-sash khidakya jodat, eka purn-aakarachya vanche rupantar kele. 1987 madhye, 'superior' haah upsarg mhanoon vagalanyat aala. 
1980 chya dashakachya akheris, madhyam basane mothya pramanatil shaley bus utpadkanshi spardha karnyacha prayatna keela, tyachya unch chhat asalelya vanchya jaagi bus bodys katve vanne chesisacha vapar karnyacha prayatna keela. 1990 madhye, venene sheparonchya bajoone busetche utpadan bund kele, shareer rachnasathiche sadhan madhya basala vikale gele. vidyaman rachana swikarlyane vikas aanee abhiyantriki kharch mothya pramanat qamee jhaala, parantu eka marg mhanoon tyachya utpadanadvare, busette lokpriy jhaala hota (visheshtah mukhya prarambh sansthanmadhye), jyamule vidyaman grahak aadhar upalabdh jhaala. 
sutarane dilela mukut.
venchya barobarine, indiana heey 1919 pasoon 1990 paryantchya tyachya sthapanepasun kautumbik malkichya shaletil bus utpadak sutar sanstheche ghar hote. tyachya utpadan shreniche aadhunikikaran karnyasathi, sutarane meey 1991 madhye california-aadharit kraun koch corporation sadhansamagri, bauddhik aanee utpadan haqq vikat ghetale. companyne kraun supercoach malika II (1989 madhye sadar keleli) chey utpadan punha suru karnyacha prayatna keela hota, parantu vahanachi uchch kimmat aanee tyachya rachanechi jatilata yamule sutarane hii kalpana sodoon dilee (parantu kharediche serve bhag rakhoon thewale). 
1994 madhye sutarane tyachya michel, indiana yetheel suvidha, purvichya wein corporation richmond, indianachya suvidha purnapane bhadyane denyasathi sthalantarit kele. wein suvidhankade valoon, sutarakade wein mahamandalachya majee majee swatacha sangh ekatra karanyachi sampatti hotee. richmond yetheel netrutva aanee karyabal yaa donhimadhye tethil purvichya wein operationschya anek diggajancha samavesh hota; tyamule tyanni prakalp aanee udhyogacha lakshaniy anubhav aanee dnyan yaa prayatnat aanale.
1996 chya nirmitisathi, sutarane tyachya sharirachya rachnet vyapak badal kele. sharirachi rachana eka-tukada chhatavaril dhanushya aanee purn lambichya bahereel khalchya snrakshak pattyansah majboot kelee gelee; naveen welding prakriya (richmond karkhanyatil naveen upkarananni parvanagi dilee) chhappar sandhe majboot kele (nantar michel-utpadit basmadhye naan aadhalata). wein karkhanyatil upkarananni shareer adyayavat karnyasathi kahee ghatak dekhil pradan kele, jyamadhye wein jivanrakshakane tyachi windshield, chalak niyantran puttle aanee punha design kelelya sutar sharirasathi pravesh darvaja daan keela. 
jaree tyache adhikrut corporate naav kayam thewale asale taree sutarane tyachya bus margache parivartan itake vyapak manale qee tyane tyache branding badaloon 'sutaradvare mukut' kele. taaj kochchya navachya purvardhat punarujjivit karoon, companyne 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat sadar kelelya mukut koch chinhachi sudharit aavrutti sadar kelee. shaley baschya baher aaplya utpadananchya shreneet aanakhi vividhata aananyachya prayatnat, companyne aaplya cadett bus utpadananvar aadharit eka vitaran truck sadar keela.
dashakachya suruvatila venane jyapramane bajarpethet paristhiti nirman kelee hotee, tyach paristhitila tond dett sutar 1990 chya dashakachya akheris bajarpethet vaataa midvanyasathi sangharsh karat rahila, jyamule too bund jhaala. 1998 madhye, companyche mishigan-aadharit sparton motorsney adhigrahan kele, jee tyachya sarvat mothya chesis puravathadaranpaiki eka hotee. ashach paristhitit, amtran aanee thomas yanni bandhalelya bus anukrame navistar aanee malavahu vimanane vikat ghetalya. 1990 chya dashakachya akheris, shaley basesachya qamee prarambhik bhandavali kharchane tyanchya dirghayushyala mage taknyas suruvat kelee; jevha kharediche nirnay ghenyachi vel aalee, tevha aarthikdrushtya dabav asalele jilhe aanee kantratdar qamee ayushya chakr asaleli swast utpadane nivadanyacha cull dakhavtat. 
1999 nantar sutarane mukut naav aanee tyachya chhotya bus marganna nivrutt kele. sharirachya dusarya punarnirdharanamadhe, sutarane jivanrakshak pravesh darvaja kayam thewala; jevha khidakya punha design kelya gelya, jivanrakshak dashboard jawaljawal sampurnatah swikarla gela. 2001 chya suruvatila, bahutansh malak sparton motors (2⁄3 bhagdharak) yanna companyvar kelelya pudhil konatyahi guntavanukivar konatahi sambhavya paratava disala nahee, tyanni upkram sampavanyasathi matdan kele.
karkhanyache bhavitavya.
purvicha wein corporation prakalp, anek varshe nishkriy rahilyanantar, 2005 madhye guntavanukdaranchya eka gatane prakalp aanee aajubajuchi malmatta vyavasay udyanasathi vaparnyachya uddeshane vikat ghetala hota. guntavanukdarancha hetu, eka, mothe mahamandal shodhanyaivaji, mothya prakalpacha vapar anek lahan kampanya thevanyasathi karnyacha hota. hota akheris, aantarrajyiy 70 madheel malmatta anek kirkol aanee audhyogik udhyogansathi punha vaparali jaat hotee. yaat vyast aantarrajya mahamargachya baher padnyachya thikanajaval upahargruhe aanee seva kendransarkhya naveen kirkol vyavasayanche bandhkam samavisht hote, jeey 25 varshanhun adhik kaal mothya bus karkhana aanee ekaranchya pivalya shaley buses aanee wein corporation chesisasathi olakhale jaat hote.

