
varpa

varpas (shabdashah 'daad bail') heey lithuania vruttpatra bandichya kalat janewari 1889 teey december 1905 darmyan prakashit honare lithuania bhashetil masik vruttpatra hote. kaaran tyache prakashan lithuaniamadhye bekaydeshir hote, jeey tatkalin russian samrajyacha bhag hote, teey german purv rashiyatil tilsit (sadhyache sovetsk) aanee ragnit (sadhyache neman) madhye chhapale jaat hote aanee nigneshiya (pustak taskar) yanni lithuaniamadhye taskari kelee hotee. "sumare 500 teey 1,000 pratee prasarit jhalelya 'varpas' neey lithuania rashtriy punarujjivanat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali. "varpas" chya 10vya vardhapan dinachya smaranarth lihilelya sansthapak aanee sampadak vinkas kudirka yanchya kavitanpaiki eka, "toutisca geisme" heey lithuania rashtragit banale. varpa" chya sampadakiy karmchanyanni nantar aanakhi done vishesh prakashne suru keleeh qamee sushikshit shetkyansathi adhik vyavharik "ükininkas" ("shetkari", 1890-1905) aanee samanya lokansathi arajnaitik "Naujienos" ("batamya", 1901-1903).
itihas.
aarthik adchaninmule 1886 madhye pahile rashtriy lithuania vruttpatra 'ausra' chey prakashan thambavalyanantar, karyakartyanni 'ausra' chey punarujjivan karnyacha kinwa tyachi jaaga ghenyacha prayatna keela. moscotil lithuania vidyarthyanchya eka gatane alpakalin 'swisa' yaa masik catholic samarthak vruttapatrache prakashan aayojit kele jeey udarmatvadi karyakartyanche samadhan karnyat ayashasvi tharale. vinkas kudirka, jonas gaidamavicius aanee juozas adomitis-sernas yanchya netrutvakhali warsomadheel lithuania vidyarthyanni 'lituva' ('lithuania') hii sanstha sanghatit kelee. samajane pratham dharmnirpeksh 'ausra' punarujjivit karnyacha vichar keela, parantu padrinshi asalele vaad punha ubhe houu shakale asate mhanoon tyane tyaa virodhat nirnay ghetala. asha prakare janewari 1889 madhye 'varpa' heey eka naveen vruttpatra prakashit jhaale. tyanni lithuania rashtriy punarujjivanachya udarmatvadi, samajvadi aanee catholic anshanna ekatra aananyacha prayatna keela. vividh adachani asoonahi (aarthik taana, bhoomigat naigneshiya jaalyamarge vitaran) tee tyaa kalatil itar konatyahi lithuania niyatkalikanpeksha jaast kaal tikali. "varpa" neey lithuania rashtrachya kalpana tayar karnyat aanee lithuania bhasheche pramanikaran karnyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. udaharanarth, 1890 madhye kudirkane lithuanian varnalekhanvishayak shifarasi prakashit kelyah tyanni polishmadhun ghetalelya samanya "sz" aanee "cz" chya jaagi chekkadoon ghetalelya naveen "shh" aanee "č" neey badalanyachi soochana kelee. donhi naveen akshare aata pramanit lithuaniancha avibhajya bhag aahet.
samagri.
"lithuaniachi rashtriy chetana vadhavane aanee shevati russian samrajyat svayatta prapt karane heey ghoshit uddisht thevun 'varpa' heey buddijivinkade valale hote. polandachya pratyakshavadane prabhavit houn, "varpas" neey assa yuktivad keela qee lithuanian lock heey kaam, aarthik vikas, shikshan aanee itar ahinsak madhyamandvare sadhya karoo shakatat. tyamule, bahutansh lekhanmadhye bhusudharana, shaley vyavastha, aarogya seva, vahtook jaale ityadinmadhye sudharana karnyababat charcha jhaali. kahee lekh adhik vyavharik 'kase karave' margdarshak hote, parantu bahutek saiddhantik vyakhyane aanee charcha rahile. varpa' madheel sumare eka chaturthansh majkoor haah itihasashi sambandhit hota. tathapi, 'ausra' chya ulat, tyane veer bhootkalatil pranayramya aadarshikaran nakarle (jyamule 1830 aanee 1863 madhye done ayashasvi uthav jhaale) aanee adhik vyavharik aanee upayukt samkalin itihasavar laksh kendrit kele. lekhakanna asey vatale qee sadhyachya european rajkaranachi samaj lithuania junya grand dachichya gauravapeksha adhik fayadeshir tharoo shakate.
"varpas" heey eka rajkiy vruttpatra dekhil hote, jyat zarvadi dhorananvar teeka kelee jaat hotee, lithuania vruttpatra bandee aanee itar russian paddhati radd karanyachi magani kelee jaat hotee aanee russian samrajyatil serve rashtranna samaan sanskrutik aanee rajkiy adhikaranchi vinanti kelee jaat hotee. "varpas" neey polandvirodhi sthitee dekhil kayam thewali, parantu pole aanee polonyukt lithuaniyansaviruddha kahee atee saralikrut purvagrah sodoon deela joou "" ausra "" madhye spasht hota ". udaharanarth, lithuania grand dachichya nidhanasathi paradeshi lokanna (dhruv kinwa russian) dosh denyaeivaji, lekhakanni aitihasik apayashachi antargat karane shodhali. tathapi, vruttapatrane ajunahi polishpasoon vegali vishisht lithuanian sanskruti vikasit karanyachi aanee balkat karanyachi magani kelee. rajkiy magnyanmadhye lithuaniasathi svayatta samavisht hotee, parantu polish-lithuania rashtrakulachya punarutthanacha samavesh navhata. tyachya prakashanachya aanee 1905 chya russian krantichya akheris, "varpas" adhik samajvadi banale, jyat lithuania soviet samajvadi prajasattakache (1918-1919) bhavee nete saha-sampadak vinkas mecavicious-kapsukas yancha samavesh hota.
ekandarit, 'varpa' chaa aashay atyant vaividhyapurn hota. vividh rajkiy ghatakanna ekatra aananyachya prayatnat, udarmatvadi, samajvadi, catholic aanee itar lekhancha samavesh karnyache prayatna karnyat aale. eka stambh dusyachya viruddha asoo shakato.
sampadak aanee yogdankarte.
jaree kudirkane adhikrutpane 'varpa' chya fakt pahilya kahee ankanche sampadan kele asale, taree too vruttapatramagil prerak shakti manla jaato. 1899 madhye tyanchya mrutyuparyant, kudirkane 'taviness varpai' ('matrubhumichi ghanta') yaa prabhavshali stambhache lekhan aanee sampadan kele, jyat tyanni vividh vishayanvar lekh prakashit keleh sampoorn deshachya adhik fayadhyasathi vividh samajik varg aanee rajkiy anshanmadhye ekteche samarthan karane, russian adhikadhyanchi khilli udavananya vyangyatmak laghukatha, patrakarita aanee sahityabaddalche saiddhantik lekh ii. itar sampadkanmadhye juoza adomatis-sernas, jurgis sollis, antana milucas, petras micolenis, martinas yankas, povillas wizinskis yancha samavesh hota.
lithuanian bhasha aanee sahityacha prachar karnyachya tyachya dhyeyachya anushangane vruttapatrane vividh lithuanian lekhakanchya anek sahityik rachana dekhil prakashit kelyah pranas maceotus, vinkas kapsukas, gabrielle petkevisete-bite, jonas viliasis, zemite, shatrijos ragna, jonas billunas, povilas wissinskis, sophija pisibiliaskiene aanee itar. kalatmak gunavatta vadhavanyachya aashene, kudirka aanee staces matulitis yanni tyanchya kamancha aadhava ghetala. paradeshi lekhakanchya kamanche bhashantar aanee prakashanahi 'varpa' madhye karnyat aale. lithuania bhashevarche shaikshanik lekh aanee tiche pramanikaran karnyache prayatna jonas zablonskis yanni prakashit kele hote. lithuania bhavee adhyaksh kazis greenius yannihi vruttapatrat yogdan dile. heey prakashan bekaydeshir asalyamule, anek lekhakanni vividh topananave aanee topananav vaparale jeey varanvar badalat hote; kahee lekhanvar swakshari navhati. tyamule kadhikadhi vastavik lekhak nishchit karane katheen asate. ekoon, sumare 90 teey 150 lokanni (jyala varpininkai mhanatat) 'varpa' madhye yogdan dile, jyat 'ausra' madheel anek yogdankartyancha samavesh aahe. vartmanpatrachya dishene charcha karnyasathi varpininkai yanni varshik parishada aanee baithka aayojit kelya.