albeniyamadhil bunker

 
concrete lashkari bunker heey albaniamadhye sarvatra disanare drushya aahe, jyat pratyek chauras kilometresathi (14.7 prati chauras mail) sarasari 5.7 bunker aahet. 1960 teey 1980 chya dashakat nete enver hoxa yanchya netrutvakhalil hockshest sarkarchya kalat bunker bandhanyat aale hote, kaaran sarkarne 173,000 peksha jaast bunker bandhun albaniala balkati dilee hotee.
hoksachya bankaraizeshanchya (bankarizimi) karyakramamule tatkalin peaples socialist republic auph albania pratyek pratyek dongral khindipasoon teey shaharachya rastyanparyant bunker bandhanyat aale. hoksachya shasankalat tyancha vapar tyanchya ichchit hetusathi kadhich keela gela nahee. teey bandhanyacha kharch haah albania sansadhanancha nichara hota, jyamule teey deshatil gharanchi kamatarata aanee kharab raste hatalane yasarkhya adhik garajepasoon door gele.
1992 madhye samyavadi sarkar visarjit jhalyanantar bunker sodoon denyat aale. kahee 1997 chya albanian bund aanee 1999 chya kosovo yuddhat vaparale gele. bahutek aata radd karnyat aale aahet, jaree kahee nivasi nivas, cafey, bhandare aanee pranyansathi kinwa begharansathi begharansathi yasah vividh karanansathi punha vaparale gele aahet.
parshvabhoomi.
gerocastermadhil mahayuddhachya samaptipasun april 1985 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant, enver hoxane kattarpanthiy stalinism tasech maovadachya ghatkandware mahit asalelya rajkaranachya shailicha pathpurava keela. nikita khrushchevne tyachya sudharvadi khrushchev vitalanyas suruvat kelyanantar, chekoslovakiavar jhalelya yuddhasandhichya aakramanachya nishedharth 1968 madhye albania yuddhasandhitun baher padlyanantar aanee yu. ess. nantar chinashi sambandh todalyanantar tyane soviet union todale.ess. rashtradhyaksh richard nixon yancha 1972 chaa chean daura.
tyanche sarkar deshachya jawalchya jawalchya vairpurn hote. dakshin albaniatil greek pradeshik mahattvakanksha tasech greecela nato sadasya desh mhanoon midalelya darjamule, hoksachya mrutyunantar done done mahayuddhapasun uralelya greesberoberchya yuddhala albania 1987 paryant samapt kele nahee.
hoxa yugoslaviamadhil josip broze titochya sarkarshi tivra vaimansyapurn hota, aanee tyane titochya sarkarvar "aapala paksh, aapale rajya aanee aaplya lokambaddal marksvadi virodhi aanee kattarvadi vrutti" rakhalyacha aarop keela. tyane thampane sangitale qee titola albania tabyat ghenyacha aanee tyala yugoslaviache satve prajasattak banavanyacha hetu aahe aanee yugoslav sarkarne kosovomadhil vanshik albanian lokanshi kelelya vagnukichi ninda kelee, assa dawa karat qee "yugoslav nete tethe nirmulan dhoran rabavat aahet."
albania ajunahi yaa velee bahereel jagashi kahee sambandh kayam thewale, austriya aanee sweedansarkhya tatasth deshanshi vyapar keela aanee adriatic samudra olandun tyachya purvichya aakramankartya italishi sambandh prasthapit kele. tathapi, 1973 madhye hoxane deshantargat niyantrananmadhye thodishi shithilata aanali aanee tyadvare, jyaa vyakti, tarun aanee lashkarala deshavar aapala taba dhokyat yeu shakato ashee bheeti hotee, tyanchyavar navyane dadapshahi aanee shuddhichi laat aanali gelee. 1976 madhye eka naveen sanvidhan sadar karnyat aale jyane kamgar pakshache deshavaril niyantran vadhavale, khajgi malmatta maryadit kelee aanee paradeshi karjavar bandee ghatali. desh ektepanachya aanee aarthik sthairyachya eka dashakat budala, joou aksharshah bahya jagapasoon tutala.
lashkari siddhant.
1967 pasoon suru houn 1986 paryant suru rahilelya albanian sarkarne 'bunchrisation' chey dhoran rabavale, jyat deshbharat lakho bunker bandhale gele. teey "samudrakinare aanee parvat, drakshamal aanee kurananmadhye, gave aanee shaharanmadhye, agadi albania sarvottam hotelchya sushobhit launwar" asha pratyek sambhavya thikani bandhanyat aale hote. hoxane yugoslavia, nato kinwa warsau kararane kelelya hallyaviruddha done aaghadyanvar yuddh ladhanyachi kalpana kelee, jyat ekaveli akra shatrunchya havai vibhaganni ghuskhori kelee. tyanni mhatalyapramane, "jarr aapan eka kshanahi aapali dakshata qamee kelee kinwa aaplya shatrunviruddhacha aapala ladha qamee keela, tarr teey tumhala kalanyapurvich sapapramane hallah kartil joou tumhala chavto aanee tyache vish otato."
hoxane netrutva kelelya gerocastermadhil mahayuddhadarmyanchya albanian pratikarshaktichya anubhavavar aadharit, albaniacha lashkari siddhant 'lokyuddha' yaa sankalpanevar aadharit hota. pakshakaranchya vijayache hoxa rajvatine mothya pramanavar pauranik varnan kele hote, jyane yuddhakalin yashancha vapar aaplya rajvatila kayadeshir manyata denyasathi keela. albanian lokanche sainya pakshapati modelver aadharit hote aanee payadal tukadyanchya bhovati bandhale gele hote; 75 takke niyamit sainya aanee 97 takke rakheev payadal bhoomikanmadhye karyarat hote.
pakshapati ranniti hii dongravar aadharit chhapamar yuddh hotee, jyamadhye tyanni dongaranmadhye aashray ghetala aanee qamee sanrakshanksham sakhal bhagat chhape takale. yaulat, hoxacha uddesh albaniachi rashtriy akhandata aanee sarvbhaumatvache "konatyahi paristhitit" rakshan karane haah hota, jyamule sakhal bhagache sanrakshn karane dekhil aavashyak hote. tyamule bankarcha uddesh sampoorn deshbharat sanrakshanatmak sthan prasthapit karane haah hota. kayamswarupi manushyabal asalelya eka mothya kamand bankarchya najaret baher baher olinmadhye lahan resha takalya gelya. mothya bankarche commander tyanchya varishthanshi rediodware aanee chhotya bankarmadhil rahivashanshi drushya sanket banavoon sanvad sadhat asat jeey chhidrandware pahile jaau shakat hote.
sarkarne nagarikanche lashkarikaran karnyacha dekhil tivra prayatna keela. sumare tees laakh loksankhyepaiki 800,000 lokanni, niyamit sashastr dall aanee rakheev sainyapasoon teey nagri sanrakshn aanee vidyarthi sashastr yuva tukadyanparyant, sanrakshn kshetrat kahee naa kahee prakare seva kelee. sarkari, sarkari malakiche vyavasay aanee sarvajanik sevetil anek kshetranna sanrakshn kshetrat bhoomika denyat aalya, mhanje jawaljawal sampoorn loksankhyela ekhadya naa konatya prakare rajya sanrakshn niyojanachya kakshet aanale gele. vayachya teenavya varshapasoon albanian lokanna shikavale gele qee tyanna 'aatalya aanee baherchya shatrubaddal satark rahave lagel' aanee prachar ghoshananni satat savadhgirichya garjevar bharr deela.
aakramankartyanna mage hatavanyasathi nagarikanna vayachya vayachya varshapasoon jawalchya bankarmadhye basanyache prashikshan denyat aale hote. sthanik pakshanchya kakshanni tyanchya sthanik bankaranchi safsafai aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi kutumbanche aayojan kele aanee teen divasanparyant divasanparyant nagri sanrakshn kavayati mahinyatoon kiman donada aayojit kelya gelya, jyamadhye donhi linganchya lashkari vayogatatil nagarikanna rifles denyat aalya (parantu darugola denyat aala nahee).
tarun pioneer, hoxiset yuva chalvalitil sadasyanna, utaratya paradeshi parashootvadyanna fasavar latkavanyasathi zadachya mathyanvar tokdar thipke lavoon havai aakramanapasun bachav karnyasathi prashikshan denyat aale hote. loksankhyeche lashkarikaran hounahi, albanian sanrakshn pranali mothya pramanat aksham hotee aanee deshachya vastavik sanrakshn garajancha farsa vichar keela jaat navhata; prashikshan kiman hote, indhan aanee darugola durmil hota, ganvesh aanee upkarane nikrusht darjachi hotee, shastre puratan hotee aanee sainyat yogya aadesh aanee niyantran pranali navhati. 
bandhkam.
bunker concrete, polad aanee lokhandapasun bandhale gele hote aanee bandukichya katyansah eka kinwa done vyaktinchya golichya petipasoon teey pakshache netrutva aanee nokarshaha yanchya vaparasathi asalelya mothya bhoomigat anubomb anubomb aakarat hote. bankarcha sarvat samanya prakar mhanje jaminivar basavalela eka lahan concreetcha ghumat, jyacha golakar talashi khalee vistarlela asato, joou eka kinwa done lokanna aat ubhe rahnyaitka motha asato. kender zajari" ("golibar sthitee") kinwa cuzz bunker mhanoon olakhale jaanare, teey purvanirmit kele gele aanee tyanchya antim sthanavar nele gele, jithe teey ekatra kele gele. tyat teen mukhya ghatak asatatah eka agniprahar chhidra asalela vyas ardhgolakar concreetcha ghumat, ghumatala aadhar denyasathi eka pokal nall aanee nalkapeksha mothee trijya asaleli bahya bhint. nall aanee bahereel bhintimadhil antar pruthvine bharale aahe.
aahe vividh thikani, teen gatanmadhye mothya sankhyene cused bunker bandhanyat aale, jeey purvanirmit concrete bogdyadvare ekmekanshi jodalele hote. itaratra bunker deshbharatil mokyachya thikananchya aaspas kinwa pradeshachya vividh bhaganchya reshanmadhye gatanmadhye bandhale gele. shaharbhar pannas ekkendrit vartulanmadhye hajaro bunker pasarat asatana tiranacha visheshtah mothya pramanat bachav karnyat aala.
cused bankarchi rachana lashkari abhiyanta josif jhagali yanni kelee hotee, jyanni gerocastermadhil mahayuddhadarmyan pakshakaransobat kaam kele aanee yuddhanantar soviet unionmadhye prashikshan ghetale. tyane pahile qee ghumat aakarachya killya tofkhana aanee bombsathi aksharshah abhedya hotya, jyaa keval ghumatatoon recotch jhalya. tyanantarchya sarvavyapi ghumat aakarachya bankarchi rachana karnyasathi tyane aaplya dnyanacha vapar keela. hoxa suruvatila yaa rachnemule prasann hota aanee tyane hajaro zagaliche bunker bandhale hote.
jhagalila swatah curnell padavar badhati denyat aalee aanee too albanian sanrakshn mantralayache mukhya abhiyanta jhaale. tathapi, hoksachya vyamohamule 1974 madhye zagali shuddha karnyat aalee aanee paradeshi agent mhanoon "vidhvans" karnyachya khotya aaropanvar aath varshe turungwas jhaala. tyachi patni weddy jhaali, tyache kutumb mitra aanee olakhichya lokanni door thewale aanee tyachi mulgi stanachya karkarogane maran pavali. zagaline nantar sangitale qee, "keval majhyasathi aanee majhya kutumbasathich navhe tarr albaniatil asha hajaro aanee hajaro kutumbansathi, jyanni enver hoksachya hukumshahicha anubhav ghetala aahe, heey eka vednadayak aanee dukkhad nasheeb hote". tyachya anubhavancha vapar nantar albanian digdarshak kujitim aashakuchya 'colonel bunker' yaa chitrapatacha aadhar mhanoon karnyat aala.
bankaranna aadesh aanee niyantran dya.
pike zajari' ('firing point') kinwa pii. zed. bunker mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya kamand-andd-controll bankardekhil purvanirmit aanee tyaa thikani ekatra kelya gelya hotya. teey cused bankarpeksha khoop mothe aanee judd aahet, jyacha vyas cused bankarpeksha jaast aahe. teey konkreetchya tukadyanchya maliketoon tayar kele jaatat, pratyekache vajan aath kinwa nauu tunn asate, jeey paraspar sanlagn ghumat tayar karnyasathi sitewar ekatra concrete kele gele hote. purnapane ektrit kelelya, tyanche vajan 350-400 tunn darmyan asate.
mothe bunker aanee bogade.
dhoranatmak karanansathi mothya "vishesh sanrachananchi" tisari shreni dekhil hotee. sarvat mothee bunker sankule dongaranmadhye bogdyanni bandhaleli hotee. rajdhani tirana jawalil linza yethe, antargat mantralayache sadasya aanee sigurimi (gupt police) yanna anoo hallyapasoon vachavanyasathi bogdyanche jaale kahee kaal bandhanyat aale hote. itaratra rajkiy, lashkari aanee audhyogik malmatta thevanyasathi hajaro kilometres bogade bandhanyat aale. uttar koriyanantar albania haah jagatil sarvat bogdyanni vedhalela desh banala aahe asey mhatale jaate. heey bogade atyant guptatechya paristhitit bandhanyat aale hote. abhiyantriki sanghanna bandhkam purn hoiparyant pahanyachi parvanagi navhati parantu masik aadharavar teey eka thikanahun gerocastermadhil thikani firavale jaat hote.
prabhav.
bunchrisation karyakram haah albania kamkuvat arthvyavasthevar eka motha nichara hota. ektya purvanirmit bankarchya bandhkamasathi nivval samagri utpadanachya andaje done takke kharch yeto aanee ekoon bankaranchi kimmat francemadhil maginot reshepeksha duppat aahe, jee teenpat jaast concrete vaparte. yaa karyakramane raste aanee nivasi imarati yasarkhya vikasachya itar prakaranpasoon sansadhanancha marg valavala. sarasari, tyanchyakade pratyekasathi done kholyanchya sadnikeitaki kimmat asalyache mhatale jaate aanee teey bandhanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya sansadhananmule albaniatil gharanchi dirghakalin kamatarata sahajpane door houu shakali asatee. joseph jhagali yanchya matey, vees lahan bunker bandhanyasathi eka kilometer rasta bandhanyaitka kharch yeto. tyachi kimmatahi manvi hotee; bunker bandhatana varshala 70-100 lock maran pavale. yavyatirikt, bankaranni lagvadiyogya jaminiche eka mahattvapoorn kshetra vyapale aanee tyat adthala aanala.
deshachya bunkerisation parinam heey bhupradeshavaril tyanchya sarvavyapi bhautik prabhavachya palikade gele. paradeshi shaktinni albaniala parabhoot karane rokhanyache prateek aanee vyavharik sadhan mhanoon bunker pakshakadoon sadar kele gele hote, parantu kahinni tyanchyakade hoksachya algikaranvadachya dhoranachi thos abhivyakti mhanoon pahile-bahereel jagala door thevane. kahee albanian lock tyanchyakade dhamkavanyache aanee niyantran thevanyache dadapshahiche prateek mhanoon pahat asat.
albanian lekhak ismel kadare yanni tyanchya 1996 chya kadambari 'daad pyramid' madhye hoxa rajvatichya kroorateche aanee niyantranache prateek mhanoon bankarcha vapar keela, tarr aashaku yanni bankaranna 'alipta manoshastra' mule 'adhinayakvadache prateek' mhanoon darshavile aahe. bunchrisation karyakram haah 'mothya pramanavar kelelya bandhkamachya namunyacha' eka prakar hota, jyamadhye 'loksankhyela dilelya niyamashi parichit karoon denyache sadhan mhanoon shistabhangachi kshamata aahe' assa yuktivad keela jaato.
hoksachya 'lokyuddha' chya dhoranamulehi albanian sainyashi sangharsh jhaala. paramparikdrushtya susajj aanee sanghatit vyavsayik sainyachya tulanet bankaranna lashkari moolya qamee hote. eka bhashyakarane mhatalyapramane, "pratyek bankarmadhil eka manus kitee kaal tikoon rahoo shakato? tumhi pratyek vaiyaktik bankarcha punha puravatha kassa karal? teey ekmekanshi kase sanvad sadhatil?"sanrakshn mantri aanee politburoche sadasya general bekir baluku yanni 1974 chya bhashanat bunker pranalivar sarvajanikpane teeka kelee aanee hoksachya albania sanyukt rajya america aanee soviet unionkadoon samaan dhokyat aahe yaa vidhanavar vaad ghatala. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee albaniala qamee prashikshit aanee susajj nagri sainyapeksha aadhunik, susajj vyavsayik sainyachi aavashyakta aahe. hoxane pratyuttar mhanoon ballakoola atak karoon tyachyavar chiinii lokancha pratinidhi asalyacha aanee lashkari uthav ghadavun aananyasathi kaam kelyacha aarop keela. kattar deshdrohi ballaku" mhanoon olakhala jaanara, senapati aanee tyachya tyachya "sarvharachya hukumshahichya kayadyannusar" doshi tharavale gele aanee shiksha kelee gelee-mhanje tyanna fashi denyat aalee.
bunker designer josif zagali yasarkhya itar anek lashkari vyaktimatvannahi vyaktimatvannahi shuddhi prakriyet pakadanyat aale hote. done varshannantar naveen rajyaghatanechya parichayamule hoxachi albanian peaples aarmicha commander-inn-chief aanee sanrakshn parishadecha adhyaksh mhanoon niyukti karoon lashkaravaril sampoorn niyantranavar shikkamortab jhaale.
poost-hoxa.
1985 madhye hoksachya mrutyunantar lagechach bunchrisation karyakram thambavanyat aala, jyamule albaniachi gave aanee grameen bhag mothya sankhyene sanrakshanatmak bankaranni vyapale gele. albanian bhupradeshat ajunahi bunker thalakpane disatat.
bii. bii. see. chya eka patrakarane 1998 madhye varnan kele qee, tirana aanee shaharachya vimantaladarmyanchya rastyavar teey kase sarvatra hote, "pratyek tekadivarun khalee pahat, pratyek pratyek ugavat". bankarchya ghattapanamule teey kadhoon takane katheen jhaale aahe. kahee hatavanyat aale aahet, visheshtah shaharanmadhye, parantu grameen bhagat bahutek bunker fakt sodoon denyat aale aahet. kahincha pranyansathi ghar mhanoon kinwa bhandar mhanoon punha vapar keela gela aahe; itaranna teey kadhoon taknyachya kharchamule sodoon denyat aale aahe.
hoksachya rajvatichya atyant guptatecha arth assa hota qee albania tyanantarchya sarkaranmadhye bunker kase vaparale gele kinwa kitee bandhale gele yabaddal mahitee navhati. 2004 madhye albanian albanian keval tiranamadhun eka asurakshit bankarmadhye 16 tunn moharicha vayoo aanee itar rasayanik shastrancha visarla gelela satha sapadala. america sarkarne albaniyala shastre nasht karnyasathi 2 kotee dollars dile. itar thikani, sodoon dilele bunker haah eka pranghatak dhoka banala aahe. ektya 2008 saalee, suttitil kiman paach jann samudrat budalelya bankarchya bhovati panyachya pravahamule nirman jhalelya vavtalyanmadhye adakoon budale. albanian sainyane kinarpattivar bunker kadhoon takanyache karyakram rabavale aahet, sudharit prakarchya 59 takyansah tyanna jaminibaher odhale aahe.
hoksachya rajvatit jaree bankarcha vapar vapar sangharshat kadhich keela gela nasla taree, 1990 chya dashakat suru jhalelya sangharshanmadhye kahincha vapar aadhalala. 1997 chya albanian uthavadarmyan, dakshin albeniyamadhil sarandechya shaharvasiyanni sarkari sainya aanee bandkhor yanchyatil ladhaichya parshvabhumivar shaharachya sabhovatalachya bankarmadhye jaaga ghetali hotee. 1999 chya kosovo yuddhanantar, albaniatil simavarti gavanvar jawalchya kosovomadhye asalelya serbian tofkhanyanchya tofkhanyanchya varanvar golibar karnyat aala aanee sthanik lokanni yaa tofkhanyancha vapar golibarapasun bachav karnyasathi keela.
kosovo albanian nirvasitanni madat sanstha tyanna tamboo shibiranmadhye halavoo shakat naheet toparyant tatpurati niwara mhanoon bunker vaparane sweekarle, tarr albaniamadhye tainat asalelya natochya sainyane dazanbhar bunker cookess yetheel tyancha tall majboot karnyasathi sthalantarit kele. kosovo mukti sainyane kosovo yuddhadarmyan tyancha bachavatmak sthan mhanoon dekhil vapar keela, jaree heey tyachya jokhmishivay navhate; kiman eka prasangi kosovochya simevaril albania bankarvar nato vimananni chukun bombfake kelee hotee.
1992 madhye samyavadachya patananantar gharanchya tivra kamataratemule kahee albanian lokanna sodoon dilelya bankarmadhye ghare ubharavi lagali, jaree vahatya panyachya aanee swachchatechya abhavamule vastee asalelya bankarchya aaspascha parisar lavkarach dooshit aanee aswasthyakar jhaala. kahee bankarche adhik sarjansheel upayog aadhalale aahet. durresachya kinarpattivaril shaharat kaksh eka bankarche rupantar 'restaurant bunker' madhye karnyat aale aahe aanee gerocastermadhil gerocastermadhil bankarche cafemadhye rupantar karnyat aale aahe.
tyanche kaay karave yasathi vividh soochana kelya gelya aaheth kalpananmadhye pizza oven, solara heater, madhmashya, mashroomchi shete, chitrapatgruhanmadhye jaanyasathi prakshepan kaksh, kaksh zopadya, fulanche lagwad karnare, yuva vasatigruhe aanee kiosk yancha samavesh aahe.
november 2014 madhye, hokshasathi tiranajaval bandhanyat aalele 'panchtarankit' anoo aashraysthan paryatakanche aakarshan aanee qalaa pradarshan mhanoon ughadanyat aale. mothya bankarmadhye dusare mahayuddha aanee hoxist kalatil pradarshanansah eka sangrahalay aahe.
albania bunker heey rashtriy prateek banale aahet. bankarchya aakarache pencil dharak aanee aashtre heey deshatil sarvat lokpriy paryatak smrutichinhanpaiki eka banale aahet. asha prakarchya eka bunker smrutichinhanchya rangela kharedidaranna sandesh deuun protsahan denyat aaleh "bankarchya bhoomila shubhechha. aamhi asey gruheet dharale qee tumhala mothee kharedi karane parvadanar nahee." 

