parkeey chalan vyavasthapan kayada

parkeey chalan vyavasthapan kayada, 1999 (feema) haah bharatiy sansadecha eka kayada aahe, joou "bahya vyapar aanee deyake sulabh karnyachya uddeshane parkeey chalan sambandhit kayadyala ektrit aanee sudharit karnyasathi aanee bharatatil parkeey chalan bajarachya suvyavasthit vikasala aanee dekhbhalila protsahan denyasathi" aahe. parkeey chalan niyaman kayada (ferra) badaloon 29 december 1999 roji too sansadet manjur karnyat aala. yaa kayadyat parkeey chalan nagri gunhyanshi sambandhit gunhe kele jaatat. bharat sarkarchya udarikaran samarthak dhorananshi visangat jhalelya ferrala badaloon too sampoorn bharatat pasarla aahe. yamule jaagtik vyapar sanghatanechya (doubleu. tii. oo.) udayonmukh chaukatishi susangat naveen parkeey chalan vyavasthapan vyavastha saksham jhaali. 1 julai 2005 pasoon lagoo jhalela munny laundering pratibandhak kayada, 2002 lagoo karnyacha margahi yamule mokala jhaala.
varnan.
1973 chya parkeey chalan niyaman kayadyantargat (femacha purvavarti), "visheshtah parvanagi dilyashivay sarvkahi pratibandhit hote", asha itar kayadyanchya vipareet, jethe "visheshtah pratibandhit kelyashivay sarvkahi parvanagi aahe". tyamule yaa kruticha suur aanee suur atishay tivra hota. kirkol gunhyansathihi turungvasachi aavashyakta hotee. ferantargat, "ekhadi vyakti swatahla nirdosh siddha kelyashivay doshi manali jaat asey", tarr itar kayadyannusar "ekhadi vyakti doshi siddha jhalyashivay nirdosh manali jaate".
feema hii eka niyamak yantrana aahe jee bharatiy rakheev bankela bharatachya pararashtra vyapar dhoranashi susangat kayade parit karnyas aanee kendra sarkarla parkeey chalan sambandhit niyam parit karnyas saksham karate.
itihas.
parkeey chalan niyaman kayada.
parkeey chalan niyaman kayada (ferra) haah 1973 madhye bharatat manjur karnyat aalela kayada hota, jyane vishisht prakarchya deyake, parkeey chalan (parkeey chalan) aanee rokhyanmadhil vyavhar aanee parkeey chalan aanee chalanachya aayat aanee niryativar apratyaksh parinam guntavanuk vyavharanvar kathor niyam lagoo kele. deyake aanee parkeey chalan yanche niyaman karnyachya uddeshane heey vidheyak tayar karnyat aale hote.
1 janewari 1974 pasoon ferra lagoo jhaala.
parkeey chalan (parkeey chalan) satha qamee asatana, parkeey chalan hii eka durmil vastoo asatana, ferachi suruvat karnyat aalee. tyamule bharatiy rahivashanni midavalele serve parkeey chalan bharat sarkarche aahe aanee teey gola karoon bharatiy rakheev bankekade (rbi) samarpan karave lagel, yaa gruhitkavar ferra pudhe gela. ferane pramukhyane aar. bii. aay. dware parvanagi nasalelya serve vyavharanvar bandee ghatali.
1977 saalee naveen sarkarne companyla parkeey chalan niyaman kayadyanusar (ferra) aavashyak asalelya bharatiy ghatakatil aapala hissa qamee karnyache aadesh dilyanantar koka-koola heey bharatatil aaghadiche sheetpey hote. 1993 madhye, bharatache udarikaran dhoran lagoo kelyanantar company (pepsicos) parat aalee.
ferapasoon badala.
bahurashtriy mahamandalanchya vistarasarkhya upkramanvar nirbandh ghalanyat ferrala yash aale nahee. 1991-1993 madhye ferrala dilelya savalatinvarun asey disun aale qee phera anavashyak honyachya margavar aahe. 1993 madhye feramadhye durusti kelyanantar, haah kayada mahila hoil assa nirnay ghenyat aala. bharatatil parkeey chalanavaril niyantran shithil karnyasathi heey karnyat aale hote. yamule sadhyachya bharatiy paristhitit stree aanee farra saha-astitvat aahet yaa hitdharkanmadhye vishvasancha shodh lagla.
1998 madhye atal bihari vajpayee sarkarne ferra radd keela aanee tyachya jaagi parkeey chalan vyavasthapan kayada aanala, jyane parkeey chalan niyantran aanee parkeey guntavanukivaril nirbandh udarikrut kele.
parkeey chalan bajarat vyavasay, vyakti aanee sarkarandware parkeey chalan aanee itar karj sadhananchi kharedi aanee vikri hote. atishay spardhatmak asanyavyatirikt, hii bajarpeth jagatil tasech bharatatil sarvat mothee aanee sarvat drav bajarpeth dekhil aahe. tyat satat badal aanee navkalpana hott rahatat, jeey ektar deshasathi fayadeshir tharoo shakatat kinwa tyanna adhik jokhaminchya samparkat aanoo shakatat. jokhim qamee karnyasathi aanee talhanyasathi parkeey chalan bajarache vyavasthapan aavashyak hote. kendriya banka vyavharanchya suvyavasthit karyasathi kaam kartil jyamule tyanchi parkeey chalan bajarpeth dekhil vikasit houu shakel. parkeey chalan bajar, mug too feryachya niyantranakhali asso kinwa strichya niyantranakhali, parkeey chalan vyavasthapanachi garaj mahattvachi aahe. parkeey chalan purese thevane aavashyak aahe.
bahya vyaparasathi vyavhar karane aanee sope karane heey femane kele-bahya vyaparasathi chaloo khatyacha samavesh asalelya vyavharansathi aata aar. bii. aay. chya parvanagichi aavashyakta nahee. parkeey chalan vyavhar 'niyantrit' aivaji 'vyavasthapit' kele jayache hote. feema' kadey jaane heey bhandavalasathi sarkarchya bajoone jhalela badal darshavate.
moolbhut tattva.
feema antargat, serve chaloo khatyatil vyavharanna spashtapane pratibandhit kelyashivay parvanagi aahe aanee spashtapane parvanagi dilyashivay serve bhandavali khatyatil vyavharanna bandee aahe, heey samanya tattva aahe. (striche kalam 5 aanee 6 pahaa) 
bhandavali khaate vyavhar" mhanje assa vyavhar joou bharatabaher bharatabaher vyaktinchya aakasmik aakasmik malmatta kinwa kinwa badal karato kinwa bharatabaher bharatabaher vyaktinchya bharatatil malmatta kinwa kinwa badal karato aanee tyat kalam 6 chya up-kalam (3) madhye sandarbhit vyavharancha samavesh hoto.
heey samanyatah sambhag, anudan aanee karj yasarkhya bhandavali pravahacha sandarbh dete. deshatil pravahala 'thet parkeey guntavanuk' (eff. dii. aay.) mhanatat. bhandavali karjala bahya vyavsayik karj (eae. see. bii.) asey mhanatat. 
sambhagatoon baher baher pravahala 'paradeshi bahya guntavanuk' mhanatat. 
eff. dii. aay. prapt guntavanuk kinwa bahya guntavanuk guntavanuk konatyahi corporate sansthela paradeshi dayitve aanee malmatta (eff. ell. aii.) mhanoon olakhala jaanara varshik feema return dakhal karava lagato. 
chaloo khatyatil vyavharanchi vyakhya bhandavali khatyatil vyavharanvyatirikt itar vyavhar mhanoon kelee jaate. pramukhyane vaiyaktik preshan, vyapar, vidyarthyanche preshan ityadinshi sambandhit vyavharancha samavesh hoto. 
sambandhit kayade.
paradeshi yogdan (niyaman) kayada, 2010.
eff. see. aar. aii., 2010 haah kayada sansadene kahee vyakti kinwa sanghatana kinwa kampanyandvare paradeshi yogdan kinwa paradeshi pahunchar swikarane aanee tyacha vapar niyantrit karnyasathi aanee rashtriy hitasathi hanikarak asalelya konatyahi upkramansathi aanee tyachyashi sambandhit kinwa aanushangik babinsathi paradeshi yogdan kinwa paradeshi pahunchar swikarane aanee vaparnyas pratibandh karnyasathi kayada ektrit karnyasathi lagoo keela aahe.
lagoo karane.
eff. see. aar. aii., 2010 chya kalam 1 (2) nusar, kayadyachya tartudi khaleel babinna lagoo hotatah
bharatatil parkeey yogdanachya pravahache niyaman karnari kayade/niyam/margdarshak tattve.
bharatatil parkeey yogdanacha pravah khalilpramane niyantrit keela jaatoh
parkeey yogdan mhanje kaay?
eff. see. aar. aii., 2010 chya kalam 2 (1) (etch) nusar, "paradeshi yogdan" mhanje konatyahi paradeshi strotatoon keleli denagi, vitaran kinwa hastantaran,
(1) ekhadya vyaktila tyachya vaiyaktik vaparasathi bhet mhanoon dilela vastoo nasalela konatahi lekh, jarr asha bhetvastuchya tarkhes bharatat asha vastuche bajar moolya kendra sarkarne yaa sandarbhat kelelya niyamandware veloveli nirdisht kelelya rakmepeksha jaast nasel. (hii rakkam aar. ess. mhanoon nirdisht kelee gelee aahe. 25, 000/- sadhya);
(2) bharatiy kinwa paradeshi konatyahi chalanache;
(3) rokhe karar (niyaman) kayada, 1956 chya kalam 2 chya khand (etch) madhye paribhashit kelyapramane konatyahi rokhechi aanee parkeey chalan vyavasthapan kayada, 1999 chya kalam 2 chya khand (oo) madhye paribhashit kelyapramane konatyahi parkeey rokhecha samavesh aahe.
spashtikaran 1-yaa khandat sandarbhit keleli denagi, vitaran kinwa hastantaran kinwa konatihi vastoo, chalan kinwa paradeshi suraksha, jee konatyahi paradeshi strotakadun, ektar thet kinwa eka kinwa adhik vyaktindvare prapt jhaali aahe, tee dekhil yaa khandachya arthasah paradeshi yogdan manali jaeel.
spashtikaran 2-kalam 17 chey upakalam (1) madhye nirdisht kelelya konatyahi banket jamaa kelelya parkeey yogdanavar kinwa parkeey yogdanapasun kinwa tyavarchya vyajatoon vyajatoon itar konatyahi utpannavar milanare vyaj dekhil yaa khandachya arthanusar parkeey yogdan manale jaeel.
spashtikaran 3-ekhadya vyaktila bharatabaheril konatyahi paradeshi strotakadun shulkadvare (bharatatil shaikshanik sansthene paradeshi vidyarthyakadun aakarlelya shulkasah) kinwa asha vyaktine tyachya vyavasayachya, vyaparachya kinwa vyaparachya samanya prakriyet, mug tee bharatat asso kinwa bharatabaher, dilelya vastoo kinwa sevanchya badalyat kelelya kharchasathi kinwa asha shulkasathi kinwa kharchasathi ekhadya pratinidhikadun kinwa paradeshi strotakadun prapt jhalelya konatyahi yogdanachya badalyat prapt jhaleli konatihi rakkam yaa khandachya arthantargat paradeshi yogdanachya vyakhyetoon vagalali jaeel.

