laal salmonder

laal salamender (seudotritan reuver) hii purv united statesmadhil sthanik plethodontidae kutumbatil salamenderchi eka prajati aahe. tyachi tvacha yadruchchik kalya thipkyansah naringi/laal asate.
samshitoshna jangale, lahan khadya, talav, jangale, samshitoshna zudupanchi jameen, nadya, adhunmadhun jalkshetratun nadya, godya paanee, zadanpasunche zare heey tyache adhivas aahet. ekandarit hii prajati samanya aanee vyapak aahe, parantu sthanik patalivar adhivas nasht jhalyamule tee qamee jhaali aahe aanee indianamadhye tee dhokyat asalyache manale jaate. laal salmonders keetak, gandool, kolee, lahan crustatians, gogalgay aanee lahan salmonders khatat. khanyasathi, teey tyanchi jeebh vadhavtat aanee shikar tyachya tokavar pakadatat aanee too parat tyanchya tondat odhatat. laal salamander, plethodontidae (fuffus nasalele salamander) kutumbatil sadasya mhanoon, fuffusancha abhav asato aanee tyachya tvachedvare shwas gheto.
varnan.
"seudotritan rubber" haah eka madhyam-motha salamender aahe, jyachi ekoon lambi praudhanparyant aahe. tyachya bajoo aanee pathicha rung tyachya vayanusar naringi-tapkiri rangapasoon teey chamakdar laal rangaparyant badalato. itar salamanderpramanech, laal salamandercha rung jasjasa vruddha hott jaato tasatasa qamee rangeet hott jaato aanee qamee aspasht namunyansah adhik gadad rangdravye midvat jaato. yaa prajatichya alyanche doke aanee shareer khadbadit asate, rung gadad asato, daag nasatat aanee tyanchya kananvar vishisht thipke kinwa patte asatat. pii. chey aanakhi eka vegale vaishishtya. rubber' mhanje tyachya pathichya khalee asankhya aniyamit kaale thipke disane. jaree laal salmonder chamakdar rangeet asala aanee tyat anek vaishishtye asali taree kadhikadhi prajati vegale sangane katheen asate. "pii. ruber "heey swarupat matichya salamendersarkhech aahe (" pii. montanus), parantu aakaratil farak aanee dorsumchya khalee bubulatoon daganchya sankhyedvare aanee bubulachya rangatil farkadvare dekhil olakhale jaau shakate. donhi "pii. ruber aanee pii. montanusmadhye chamakdar laal rung asatat jeey mulerian nakkal sankulachi udaharane manali jaatat. laal salmondermadhye adhik thipke asatat aanee daag dekhil matichya salmandarpeksha aakarane mothe asatat. dolhyanchya rangachya babatit, laal salamenderchi bubul sonyasarkhi asate, tarr matichya salamenderchi bubul tapkiri asate. laal salamendersathi sonyasarkha rung asalela bubul dekhil bubulatoon bubulatoon tyachya aadvya pattyamule ghrunaspad aahe. matichya salamanderche naak samanyatah laal salamanderpeksha mand asate. tasech, matichya salamandercha rung samanyatah eksaman asalelya laal salamanderpeksha adhik viruddha prushthbhag aanee ventral rung asato.
vargikaran.
plathodontidemadhye (fuffus nasalele salamander), anek sadasya tyanchya tvachedvare aanee tyanchya tondatil astaradvare shwas ghetat. yaa kutumbatil fuffusanchi kamatarata pravahatil jivanasathichya rupantaramule vikasit jhaali asavi aanee plethodontidae kutumbatil sadasyanni kadachit fuffusanvyatirikt shvasochavasasathi itar paddhati vikasit kelya asateel (i.eae. gill) dakshin epalechiyatil vegane jalkshetratun pravahatil vatavaranat alya salamanderche vadhiv astitva yamule. fuffuse sarvasadharanpane jalchar pranyanna panyachya stambhat sthan rakhanyas madat karatat, parantu plethodontidae sadasyanche alya heey benthic prani aahet, mhanoon fuffusanchya asamarthateche anukulan tyanchyasathi fayadeshir tharel kaaran telat tarangalyane tyanche astitva dhokyat yeil. laal salamandarche pudhe 'seudotritan' jaaticha sadasya mhanoon vargikaran kele jaate. yaa vanshatil sadasyanmadhye fakt laal salmonder aanee matichya salmondercha samavesh aahe.
vitaran.
pii chya chaar upprajati. sampoorn purv united statesmadhye, shete aanee kurane yasarkhya khulya bhagatoon tasech jangale aanee parvatanmadhun jalkshetratun jalkshetratun pravahanvar ruber aadhaltat. pratyek upaprajati aakar aanee rangat kinchit farak asalelya disanyat samaan aahe, parantu vegvegalya adhivasanmadhye aadhaltat. uttar laal salamander, "pru. aar. ruber, 'heey laal kinwa lalsar-naringi rangache asoon tyachya pathichya khalee asankhya kaale thipke aahet. hii upaprajati sarvat samanya aahe aanee dakshin newyork aanee ohayopasoon ishanya alabamaparyant tasech mishiganchya varchya dweepkalpaparyant aadhalu shakate. uttar laal salmanderchya disanyapramanech nilya rangachi rang laal salmander aahe, "pii. aar. nitidus ". hii prajati vegali aahe tee thodi lahan aahe aanee shepatichya aanee hanuvatichya tokavar kalya rangacha abhav aahe. nilya rangachi parvat rang laal salamander virginiachya nilya rangachya parvatanchya dakshinekadil bhagapeksha jaast unchivar aadhalate. blackchin reed salamender, "pru. aar. shenki, "tyachya hanuvatikhali majboot kaala rung asalyamule tasech shepatichya tokaparyant serve marganni disalyane rupat farak padato. nilya parvataranganpeksha jaast unchivar dekhil teey aadhalu shakate. dakshinekadil laal salamander ("pru. aar. viasky') haah bahutekda jambhalya teey salmon rangacha asato aanee samanyatah tyachya dokyavar pandhare thipke asatat. hii upaprajati dakshin carolinapasoon aagney louisiana aanee nairutya kentakiparyant aadhalate. pii" chya serve upprajati. reuver heey sheval aanee dagadankhali, pravah kinwa kinwa swachchh jalsrotanjavalil olsar vatavaran vyapate. laal salmonders samanyatah mothya pravahanjaval nasatat, tarr tyaeivaji lahan jalsrotanjaval aadhaltat.
paryavaran.
yaa salamandarchya kahee mahattvachya jalchar aanee sthaliy paryavaraniy pailunmadhye tyacha aahar, shikari aanee sookshm adhivas pradhanye yancha samavesh hoto. alya pramukhyane keetak alya aanee krumee yasarkhya aksheruki pranyanna khatat. alyanchya aaharat visheshtah chironomidae (36.52% shikari vastoo) aanee sphearidae (15.17%) tasech sthaliy shikar (7.87%) aanee itar salamander samavisht asalyache disun aale aahe. alyanchya vadhiche praman panyachya tapmananusar badalate aanee jevha panyache tapman jaast asate tevha ubdar mahinyanmadhye teey jaast asate. laal salmonder samanyatah sharad rutumadhye undy ghalato aanee und ukadoon nighanyacha hangam sharad rututil uttaradhat aanee hivalyat hoto. alyancha kalavadhi 27 teey 31 mahinyanchya darmyan badalato aanee nantar vasant rutumadhye aanee aanee varshachya unhalyachya suruvatila rupantar hote. laal alya asalele salamander heey samanyavadi aahet, jeey kahee upalabdh aahe teey khatat. jevha panyache tapman qamee asate aanee mothya vyakti lahan vyaktinpeksha jaast khatat tevha samanyatah aahar darr vadhatat. jaree vadhatya aakaranusar aahar darr vadhat asalyache disun yet asale taree, mrutyuche darr aakar kinwa vayapeksha swatantra asalyache disate aanee jaganyacha andaj darvarshi sumare 50 takke aahe. dirgh alya kalavadhi heey sunishchit karato qee jevha salamander itar prajatinchya salamandarpeksha khoop mothe asatat aanee samanyatah lahan kishoravayin kalavadhi asato, aanee lavkar paripakv hoto tevha parivartan hote. rupantaraveli alyancha kalavadhi aanee aakar vadhatya unchinusar qamee hoto. purush sadharanpane vayachya charvya varshi paripakv hotat aanee striya sadharanpane vayachya pachvya varshi paripakv hotat.
laal salmonders samanyatah hivalyat hivalyat kinwa pravahanmadhye rahatat aanee nantar sharad rututil aanee vasant rututil yaa thikani aanee tethoon pasaratat. tyachya ardh-jalchar swarupamule, laal salmonder vasant rutuchya suruvatiparyant sthaliy vatavaranat rahate aanee nantar adhik jalchar thikani pasarate. praudh lock anekada pravahanchya kathavar aanee itar olsar vatavaranat jase qee jangalatil talavaril kathakhali aanee khadakanmadhye rahatat. praudh laal salmonders, tyanchya alyanpramanech, samanyavadi asatat aanee aprushthavanshi (jase qee gandool, garud, gogalgay, kolee, diving bhring aanee itar keetak), tasech laal-pathichya salmonders lahan ubhaycharanna khanyacha cull thevatat. tyachya shikari pranyanmadhye pakshi aanee sconks aanee racoon sarkhya lahan mansahari pranyancha samavesh aahe. laal salmonder hii salmonderchi eka mothee prajati asalyane, tyachi upasthiti kinwa anupasthiti tee jithe rahate tyaa parisansthevar mothya pramanat parinam karoo shakate aanee samudayik sanrachananmadhil tyachi bhoomika samajoon ghenyasathi tyache paryavaran samajoon ghene mahatvache aahe.
jivanacha itihas.
"pii. prajnan hangamat 'rubber' chee vistrut shreni asate, jee keval atyant thund tapmanane maryadit asate. praudh lock darvarshi vishisht hangamanmadhye pravah aanee jalsrotanmadhun sthaliy adhivasanmadhye sthalantar karatat. tyanantar teey unhalyachya uttaradhat aanee sharad rutuchya suruvatila jaleey pravahanmadhye parat yeuun prajnan suru kartil. tathapi, samanyatah, praudh laal salmonders darvarshi sangopan karatat aanee pracheen dating kriyakalapanmadhye guntalele asatat. done laal salamandarmadhil premprakaranat khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh 
maadee dirghkal shukranu sathavanyas saksham asatat aanee sanyoganantar kityek mahine undy ghaloo shakat naheet. maadee samanyatah sharad rututil kinwa hivalyachya suruvatila mukhya panyachya pravahanmadhye undy ghalatat aanee tyanchi gharate khoop chhan lapoon rahatat.
praudh purushanmadhye vran aanee hypertrophid jabadyanchya upasthitichya aadhare, asey suchavale jaate qee purush 'pii'. jodidarachya sanrakshanachya vartanat 'rubber' sameel asoo shakato. purush adhunmadhun itar purushanna shukranu spardheche sadhan mhanoon itar purushanna shukranu jamaa karnyasathi nyay detat, jyamule tyanna tyanchya pratispardhyanpeksha yashasvi sangamachi adhik changli sandhee milate.
pii. chey itar mahattvache vartanukiche pailu. reuver' madhye tyachya sanrakshanatmak yantranancha samavesh aahe. jevha dhoka asato, tevha laal salamander eka bachavatmak mudra dharan karatat jyamadhye teey tyanche shareer gundalatat, tyanche magche bhag unch karatat aanee vadhavtat aanee tyanchi doki tyanchya shepatikhali thevatat, jee bajula bajula unch aanee unch asatat. laal salamendercha rung purv newtchya ('notophathalmus viridescence') laal eft tappyache anukaran karnyasathi gruheet dharale gele aahe jeey tyanchya tvachemadhye eka shaktishali neurotoxin utsarjit karate. yaa ghatanela mulerian mimikri complexes mhanoon olakhale jaate. tathapi, jivanmadhil lakshaniy aakarmanatil farak aanee prajatinchya charyachya kalatil farkamule (i.eae. "pii. ruber "pramukhyane ratri aanee laal rung pramukhyane divasa). agadi alikade, laal salamanderchi chav qamee jhalyache nondavale gele aahe, mhanoon teey mulerian nakkal pranalicha bhag manale jaatat jyamadhye serve prajati apriy asatat aanee aposematic rangamule tyanna fayda hoto. manvi chachanyanmadhye, vishayanni laal salamanderchi konatihi hanikarak kinwa vikarshak chav nondavali nahee.
sanwardhan.
ekandarit laal salmander samanya aanee vyapak aahe, parantu sthanik patalivar adhivas qamee jhalyamule too qamee jhaala aahe aanee too indianamadhye luptapray prajati mhanoon soochibaddha aahe.
laal salmander heey vadatitpane sarvat adim plethodontidspacky eka aahe, mhanoon purvajanshi asalele sambandh aanee ghadalelya utkranti prakriyebaddal samajoon ghenyasathi atyant maulyavan aahe. prajatinchi vividhata rakhane haah sanvardhanacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe aanee sampoorn salamenderchi vividhata qamee houu naye yasathi, 'pii' talhanyasathi kahee prakarchi vyavasthapan yojana asane mahatvache aahe. rubber' hii qamee sanvardhanachya sthitipasun chintechya uchch pataliparyant vadhanyapasun. laal salmander tulanene shuddha pravahanna pradhanya dett asalyane, manvi kachara aanee pradushanavar laksh thevane mahatvache aahe, kaaran kachara aanee gaal yanche tyanchya adhivasavar pratikool parinam houu shakatat, jyamule sambhavyatah astitwala dhoka nirman houu shakato.

