kyubachi kranti

kyubachi kranti () haah 1953 teey 1959 darmyan kyubache sarkar ulthavoon taknyacha lashkari aanee rajkiy prayatna hota. 1952 chya kyubachya uthavanantar yachee suruvat jhaali, jyane fulgencio battistala rajyache pramukh mhanoon niyukt kele aanee tyanantar virodhi pakshanmadhye ayashasvi jhalela samoohik hallah. nyayalayat battista ladhavanyat ayashasvi jhalyanantar, fidel castrone 26 julai 1953 roji kyubachya sainyachya monkada barrecover sashastr hallah aayojit keela. bandkhoranna atak karnyat aalee aanee turungat asatana 26 julaichi chalval sthapan karnyat aalee. maafee midalyanantar emm-26-7 bandkhoranni cubaver aakraman karnyasathi granma yatvar mexicohoon moheem aayojit kelee. pudhil varshanmadhye emm-26-7 bandkhor sainya haloohaloo grameen bhagat kyubachya sainyala parabhoot karel, tarr tyachi shahari shakha vidhvansak aanee bandkhor sainyachya bharatimadhye guntaleli asel. kalantarane, moolatah tikatmak aanee dvidha manahsthit asalela lokpriy samajvadi paksh paksh uttaradhat 26 julaichya chalvalila pathimba denyasathi aala. bandkhoranni battistala hatvayache asatana, krantila lokpriy samajvadi paksh, 26 julaichi chalval aanee directoryo revolucionario estudientil yanni chalana dilee hotee.
bandkhoranni akheris 1 janewari 1959 roji battistala tyachya sarkaraivaji hakaloon dile. 26 julai 1953 haah kyubamadhye (spanish bhashetunah "kranticha divas") mhanoon sajra keela jaato. 26 julaichya chalvalit nantar marksvadi-leninist margane sudharana jhaali aanee aktoobar 1965 madhye too kyubacha communist paksh banala.
kyubachya krantiche deshantargat aanee aantarrashtriy staravar jordar parinam jhaale. visheshtah, tyane kyuba-sanyukt rajya sambandhanmadhye badal ghadavun aanala, jaree kyuba vitalanasarkhya rajnaitik sambandh sudharanyasathichya prayatnanna 2010 chya dashakat gatee midali. krantinantar lagechach, castrochya sarkarne rashtriyikaran, prasarmadhyamanche kendrikaran aanee rajkiy ektrikaranacha karyakram suru keela jyane kyubachi arthvyavastha aanee nagri samajache parivartan kele. yaa krantimule kyubachya vaidyakeey aantarrashtriyatavadachya aanee africa, lattin america, aagney ashiya aanee madhyapurvetil paradeshi sangharshanmadhye kyubachya hastakshepachya yugachi suruvat jhaali. 1959 nantarchya sahaa varshant anek bandkhori jhalya, pramukhyane escambrey parvatanmadhye, jyaa krantikari sarkarne dadapalya hotya.
parshvabhoomi.
kyubamadhye bhrashtachar.
bhrashtachar shatkachya suruvatila kyubache prajasattak heey mukhyatve bhrashtacharachya sakhol rujalelya paramparene vaishishtyikrut hote, jithe rajkiy sahbhagamule uchchabhru lokanna sampatti sanchayanat sahbhagi honyachya sandhee midalya. 1902 teey 1906 yaa kalat donn tommus estrada palma yanchya netrutvakhali kyubacha pahila adhyakshiy kaal kyuba prajasattakachya itihasatil prashasakeey akhandatechi sarvottam manke kayam rakhanyasathi manla gela. tathapi, 1906 madhye amerikechya hastakshepamule charles edward magoon yaa american mutsaddine 1909 paryant sarkar tabyat ghetale. jaree magoonchya sarkarne bhrasht karvayanna manyata dilee nahee, taree visheshtah chhotya deshat american paishachya vadhimule jeey vyapak hote teey rokhanyasathi kitee kele gele yavar vaad aahe. hyu thomas suchavatat qee magoonne bhrasht paddhatinna nakar deela asala taree, tyachya prashasanakhali bhrashtachar ajunahi kayam hota aanee tyane nyaypalikechi svayatta aanee tyanchya nyayalayin nirnayanna kamkuvat kele. 29 janewari 1909 roji kyubache sarvbhoum sarkar punarsanchayit karnyat aale aanee jose miguel gomez adhyaksh jhaale. magoonchya bhrashtacharacha konatahi spasht purava kadhihi samore aala nahee, parantu tyane tumhala kyubache fayadeshir karar jaaree karnyacha nirop ghetala.ess. kampanya haah vadacha eka satatcha muddah hota. kyubache tyanantarche adhyaksh, jose miguel gomez, heey vyapak bhrashtachar aanee sarkari bhrashtachar ghotalyanmadhye sahbhagi jhalele pahile hote. yaa ghotalyanmadhye havanah bandaravar shodh ghenyachya kararantargat kyubache adhikari aanee aamdaranna kathitpane denyat aalelya lachincha samavesh hota, tasech sarkari sahkari aanee uchchastariy aaplya shulk bharane samavisht hote. gomezcha uttaradhikari, mario garcia menocal, yala bhrashtachar ghotalyancha ant karayacha hota aanee too "pramanikpana, shantata aanee kaam" yaa ghoshanevar chalatana prashasakeey akhandatesathi vachanbaddha asalyacha dawa keela. tyancha hetu asoonahi, 1913 teey 1921 yaa kalat tyanchya sarkarchya kalat pratyakshat bhrashtachar tivra jhaala. fasavanukichya ghatana adhik samanya jhalya, tarr khajgi kalakar aanee kantratdar varanvar sarkari adhikari aanee aamdaranshi santhganth karat asat. charles edward chapman yanni bhrashtacharat vaadh honyache shrey menocal prashasanakhali kyubamadhye jhalelya sakharechya vadhila dile aahe. shivay, pahilya mahayuddhachya aagamanane kyubachya sarkarla sakharechya kimmati, niryatichi vikri aanee aayat parvanyanmadhye ferfar karnyas saksham kele. karyalayat asatana, garcia menocalne tyachya mahavidhyalayin bandhutwala 1920 chya delta kappa epsilon rashtriy parishadet, kyuba yethe jhalelya americabaheril pahilya aantarrashtriy bandhutva parishadeche yajmanpad dile. cuban peso tayar karnyasathi too jababdar hota; tyachya adhyakshapadachya kyubane spanish real aanee us dollar donhi vaparale. adhyaksh menocal yanni kyubachya rashtriy khajinyala overdraftmadhye sodale aanee tyamule teey anishchit aarthik sthiteet hote. menocalne tyachya 8 varshanchya karyakalat 80 kotee dollars kharch kele aanee 4 kotee dollarsche karj sodale.
alfredo zaya 1921 teey 1925 paryant menocalmadhye yashasvi jhaala aanee calixo maso jyala "prashasakeey bhrashtacharachi kamal abhivyakti" mhanoon sambodhato tyat guntalela hota. sarvajanik jivanachya jawaljawal serve pailunmadhye lahan aanee motha assa bhrashtachar pasarla aanee zaya bekaydeshirpane sampatti midvinyasathi mitra aanee natevaikanvar avalambun asalyane kyubache prashasana mothya pramanat gharaneshahiche vaishishtya banale. gerardo machado 1925 teey 1933 paryant zayache uttaradhikari banale aanee pramukh rajkiy pakshanchya vyapak lokpriyata aanee pathimbyane tyanni adhyakshapad sweekarle. matra, kalantarane tyancha pathimba qamee hott gela. zayachya aadhichya dhorananmule, gerardo machado yanni 1925 teey 1933 yaa kalat tyanchya salag prashasanakhali bhrashtachar qamee karane aanee sarvajanik kshetrachi kamgiri sudharane heey uddisht thewale hote. jaree teey qamee patalivaril aanee chhotya bhrashtacharache praman qamee karnyat yashasvi tharale, tarihi motha bhrashtachar ajunahi mothya pramanat kayam hota. machadone vikas prakalp suru kele jyamule vadhiv kharch aanee "mothya margine" chee nirmiti karoon mothya bhrashtacharachi satatyata saksham jhaali jyamule sarvajanik aaplya bekaydeshirpane paise vaparnyas saksham jhaale. tyanchya sarkarchya kalat, "kendrikrut sarkari kharedi prakriya" aanee qamee sankhyene nokarshaha aanee prashaskanmadhye lachkhorimule bhrashtacharachya sandhee qamee hatanmadhye kendrit jhalya. sthavar malmattechya payabhoot suvidhancha vikas aanee kyubachya paryatan udhyogachya vadhidvare, machadoche prashasana khajgi kshetratil vyavsayik saudyanmadhun napha midvanyasathi antargat mahiticha vapar karoo shakale. 1928 madhye punha nivadanuk ladhavanyas anekanni aakshep ghetala, kaaran tyanchya vijayane keval eka karyakalasathi seva denyachya tyanchya aashvasanache ullanghan kele. nidarshane aanee bandkhori adhik tivra hott asatana, tyachya prashasanane abhivyakti swatantryavar ankush thewala aanee virodhkanvar dadapshahichi polisanchi yukti vaparali. matchadone tyachya tikakaranviruddha hinsacharachi laat usalali aanee matchadochya prashasanakhali police aanee sainyane asankhya hatya aanee hatya kelya. yamadhye tyacha sahbhag kitee aahe heey vadgrast aahe, parantu shevati, machadoche varnan hukumshaha mhanoon kele jaate. meey 1933 madhye, navyane niyukt jhalele amerikeche rajdoot sumner wells kyubamadhye aale aanee tyanni machadochya uttaradhikarisathi sarkar sthapan karnyasathi virodhi gatanshi vataghati suru kelya, tyamule machadala baher kadhanyat aale. carlos manuel dii sespeedes vaay kwesada (kyubacha swatantryavir nayak carlos manuel dii sespeedescha mulga) yanchya netrutvakhalil aanee aii. bii. see. chya sadasyansah tatpurte sarkar madhyasthi karnyat aale; tyanni august 1933 madhye havanah yetheel samanya sampadarmyan satta ghetali.
tyanantar carlos manuel dii sespedes vaay kwesadala rajdoot sumner wells yanni adhyakshapadachi aupher dilee. tyanni 13 august 1933 roji padbhar swikarla aanee wells yanni prastav mandala qee "aatapasoon sumare 3 mahinyanni sarvatrik nivadanuka houu shakatat jenekarun kyubache punha ekada afava arthane ghatanatmak sarkar asoo shakel."sespeeds yanni sahmati darshavali aanee jaheer kele qee 20 meey 1934 roji suru suru naveen adhyakshapadachya karyakalasathi 24 februwari 1934 roji sarvatrik nivadanuka ghetalya jaatil. tathapi, 4-5 september 1933 roji, chakrivadalane tyaa pradeshancha vidhvans kelyanantar sespeeds matanza aanee santa claramadhye asatana sargentche bund jhaale. sargent fulgencio battista aanee vidyarthyanchya netrutvakhalil kanishth juntane ghoshit kele qee tyanni krantichi uddishte purn karnyasathi satta ghetali aahe; tyat aarthik punarrachana, gunhegaranna shiksha, sarvajanik karjanchi manyata, nyayalayanchi nirmiti, rajkiy punarrachana aanee nyay aanee lokshahivar aadharit naveen kyuba tayar karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya itar konatyahi kruticha samavesh asalelya karyakramache thodakyat varnan kele. bandkhorinantar keval paach divasanni, battista aanee vidyarthi nirdeshikene ramon grulla adhyakshapadasathi padonnati dilee.tyanantarchya shambhar divasanchya sarkarne anek sudharanavadi ghoshana jaaree kelya parantu amerikekadun kadhihi rajnaitik manyata midavali nahee; buttista aanee amerikechya rajdutachya dabavakhali janewari 1934 madhye tee ulthavoon taknyat aalee. grauchy jaaga carlos mendiata aanee paach divasanchya aat yuu.ess. kyubachya naveen sarkarla manyata midali. mendiatachya kalat bhrashtacharavar ankush thewala gela nahee aanee ashantata suru rahilyanantar 1935 madhye tyanni rajinama deela aanee battista aanee amerikechya margdarshanakhali tyanni anek antarim aanee kamkuvat adhyakshancha pathlag keela. julio antonio melachya communist pakshacha samavesh asalelya lokshahi samajvadi aaghadine samarthit kelelya battistane 1940 chya nivadanukit naveen cuban sanvidhanantargat pahilya adhyakshiy nivadanukit graucha parabhav keela aanee kyubache adhyaksh mhanoon chaar varshanchi mudat purn kelee. battistala kyubachya mool communist pakshane (nantar lokpriy samajvadi paksh mhanoon olakhala jaanara) samarthan dile hote, jyache tyaveli farse mahatva navhate aanee nivadanukit vijay milanyachi shakyata navhati. haah pathimba pramukhyane battistachya kamgar kayadyanmule aanee kamgar sanghatananna tyanni dilelya pathimbyamule hota, jyanchyashi communistanche jawalche sambandh hote. kharey tarr, communistanni battista virodhi virodhi pakshavar hallah keela aanee 'grau' aanee itar 'facist' aanee 'pratikriyavadi' asalyache mhatale. 
senator eduardo chibas yanni kyubachya sarkarmadhil bhrashtachar ughad karnyasathi swatahla samarpit kele aanee heey uddisht pudhe nenyasathi 1947 madhye partido aurtodoxochi sthapana kelee. argote-frair yanni nidarshanas aanoon dile qee prajasattakantargat kyubachya loksankhyet bhrashtacharasathi uchch sahishnuta hotee. shivay, kyubatil lokanna kona bhrasht aahe heey maheet hote aanee tyanchyavar teeka kelee jaat hotee, parantu 'doshmukt gunhegar' mhanoon vagnyachya tyanchya kshamatebaddal tyanche kautuk kele. bhrasht police congress sadasyanchya palikade jaaun rahivashanna madat kaam aanee laach laach lashkari lashkari samavesh keela. lashkarat bekaydeshir jugar jaalyachya sthapanemule leftnunt curnell pedraza aanee mejar mareen yansarkhya lashkari lashkari vyapak bekaydeshir jugar kriyakalapanmadhye sahbhagi honyas saksham kele. daad cuban republic andd jose marty' chey lekhak mauricio augusto font aanee alphonso kviroj mhanatat qee rashtrapati ramon grau aanee carlos prio soras yanchya prashasanakhali sarvajanik jeevanat bhrashtachar pasarla hota. prione sarvajanik nidhitun 9 kotee dollarspeksha jaast rakkam chorali asalyache nondavale gele, jeey varshik rashtriy arthsankalpachya eka chaturthansh itake hote. samyavadi krantipurvi, kyuba 1940 teey 1944 paryant fulgencio battistachya nivadoon aalelya sarkarchya adhipatyakhali rajya karat hota. yaa sampoorn kalavadhit battistachya samarthanat pramukhyane bhrasht rajkarani aanee lashkari adhikari hote. battista swatah sattet yenyapurvi sarkari karar aanee jugaratoon jugaratoon utpannadvare shasanatoon motha napha midvu shakala hota. 1942 madhye, british pararashtra karyalayane yuu.ess. rashtradhyaksh fulgencio battistachya netrutvakhalil bhrashtacharabaddal pararashtra vibhag khoop chintit hota, tyane yaa samasyeche varnan 'sthanik' aanee 'purvi jeey kahee ghadale hote' tyapeksha jaast asalyache kele. british mutsadyancha assa vishvas hota qee bhrashtachar kyubachya sarvat shaktishali sansthanmadhye rujla aahe, sarkari aanee lashkari kshetratil sarvoch vyakti jugar aanee ammali padarthanchya vyaparat mothya pramanat guntalelya aahet. nagri samajachya sandarbhat, eduardo senz rovener lihitat qee police aanee sarkarmadhil bhrashtacharamule kyubamadhye gunhegari sanghatanancha vistar jhaala. battistane tumhala nakar deela.ess. kyubachya nagri sevet sudharana karnyat madat karnyasathi tadnya pathvanyacha adhyaksh franklin roozvelt yancha prastav. battista 1944 chya nivadanukit ladhala nahee aanee pakshasvatantrya pakshache sadasya ramon grau heey adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale aanee tyanchya prashasanadarmyan tyanni vyapak bhrashtacharachi dekhrekh kelee. tyanni sarvajanik bandhkam mantri, kamgar mantri aanee pantpradhan mhanoon carlos prio soras yanchi padey ghetali. pudhil nivadanukit 1 julai 1948 roji, yaa kalatil bhrashtachar aanee bejbabdar sarkarche adhyaksh asalelya partido autetikocha sadasya mhanoon priyo kyubache adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale. priola sashastr dalanche pramukh general genobebo perez demera aanee curnell jose louis chayana cardenus yanni madat kelee, jeey purvi santa clara prantache prabhari hote.
grau aanee priochya aath varshannantar rajkiy gatanmadhye hinsachar jhaala aanee sarkari padanvar choree aanee aatm-samruddhichya batamya aalya. hinsachar aanee bhrashtacharachya parshvabhumivar, aadhichya grau prashasanapramanech, priyo prashasana adhikadhik lokandware akaryaksham mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale.
1952 chya madhyat nivadanuka niyojit asatana, dirghkal chalalelya adhyakshapadachya umedvar fulgencio battistane niyojit lashkari uthav kelyachi afava pasarali. krutee karnyasathi konatahi ghatanatmak aadhar nasalyane, prione tase kele nahee. afava afava tharalya. 10 march 1952 roji battista aanee tyachya tyachya deshbharatil lashkari aanee polis aadesh tabyat ghetale aanee pramukh redio aanee durchitravani kendranvar kabja keela. jevha priyo pratikar karnyat ayashasvi jhaala, vimanat chadhala aanee haddapar jhaala tevha battistane satta sweekarli.
battistane, prio sokaraschya virodhat kelelya lashkari uthavanantar, punha satta ghetali aanee 1959 paryant rajya kele. tyachya rajvatit, battistane bhrasht hukumshahiche netrutva kele jyat sanghatit gunhegari sanghatananshi jawalche sambandh aanee cubanschya nagri swatantryat ghat yancha samavesh hota. yaa kalat battista prashasakeey aanee nagri samaj asha donhi staranvar adhik "bhrashtacharachya atyadhunik paddhatinmadhye" guntalela hota. battista aanee tyache prashasana lotterytoon napha kamavanyat tasech bekaydeshir jugar khelanyat guntalele hote. vadhatya pramanat polis bhrashtachar, prasarmadhyame tasech madhyamanvar sensorship aanee hinsachar, chhal aanee sarvajanik fashi deuun virodh dadapun dadapun samyavadvirodhi mohima tayar karoon nagri samajat bhrashtachar aanakhi vadhala. bhrashtacharaprati sahishnuta aanee swikrutichi purvichi sanskruti dekhil battistachya hukumshahimule visarjit jhaali. udaharanarth, eka nagarikane lihile qee "jaree grey aanee prio heey kitihi bhrasht asale, taree aamhi tyanna nivadoon dile aanee mhanoon tyanna aamchyakadun choree karanyachi parvanagi dilee. battista aamchya parvangishivay aamhala lutato."battistachya netrutvakhalil bhrashtacharane aarthik kshetrat aanakhi vistar keela, jyat tyane paradeshi guntavanukdaranshi yutee kelee aanee deshachya rajdhani havanah yethe bekaydeshir casino aanee gunhegari sanghatanancha prasar jhaala.
battista shasson.
1898 madhye americene cubaver aakraman kelyanantarchya dashakanmadhye aanee yuu. ess. pasoon aupcharik swatantrya.ess. 20 meey 1902 roji, kyubane anek bund, uthav aanee yu. ess. chaa eka kaal sahan karat lakshaniy asthiratecha kaal anubhavala.ess. lashkari vyavasay. 1940 teey 1944 paryant kyubache nivadoon aalele adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kelele majee sainik fulgancio battista, lashkari uthav karoon satta kabij kelyanantar aanee 1952 chya nivadanuka radd kelyanantar 1952 madhye madhye adhyaksh jhaale. jaree battista tyachya pahilya karyakalat tulanene purogami hota, taree 1950 chya dashakat too adhik hukumshaha aanee lokpriy chintambaddal udaseen asalyache siddha jhaale. kyuba uchch berojgari aanee maryadit panyachya payabhoot suvidhanni trast asatana, battistane sanghatit gunhyanshi fayadeshir sambandh nirman karoon aanee american companyanna kyubachya arthvyavasthevar, visheshtah oos lagwad aanee itar sthanik sansadhananvar varchasva gajavoo deuun loksankhyecha virodh keela. jaree americene battistachya hukumshahila sashastr aanee rajkiy pathimba deela asala, taree nantar amerikeche adhyaksh johnn eff. kenedine tyacha bhrashtachar aanee too kadhoon takanyache nyayyatva olakhale.
adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya pahilya karyakalat, battistala kyubachya mool communist pakshacha (nantar lokpriy samajvadi paksh mhanoon olakhala jaanara) pathimba hota, parantu tyanchya aanee karyakalat teey tivra samyavadvirodhi jhaale. rajkiy virodhakanna gup karnyacha prayatna mhanoon battistane eka kamkuvat suraksha pool vikasit keela. march 1952 chya uthavanantarchya mahinyant, tatkalin tarun vakeel aanee karyakarte fidel castro yanni battistala ulthavoon taknyasathi yachika dakhal kelee, jyavar tyanni bhrashtachar aanee julamacha aarop keela. tathapi, castroche ghatanatmak yuktivad kyubachya nyayalayanni fetalale. kyubachi satta kayadeshir margane badalali jaau shakat nahee heey tharvalyanantar, castrone sashastr kranti suru karnyacha nirnay ghetala. yasathi, tyanni aanee tyancha bhau raul yanni 'chalval' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya nimalashkari sanghatanechi sthapana kelee, 1952 chya akheris tyanni shastre gola kelee aanee havanachya asantusht kamgar vargatoon sumare 1,200 anuyayanchi bharati kelee.
prarambhik tappeh 1953-1955.
monkada barrecover hallah.
battista sarkarviruddha tyancha pahila fatka marat, fidel aanee raul castro yanni 70 ladhvayye gola kelee aanee anek lashkari aasthapananvar bahuayami hallyachi yojana aakhali. 26 julai 1953 roji bandkhoranni santiago yetheel monkada barreck aanee bayamo yetheel barrecover hallah keela, parantu anek sarkari sainikanni tyancha nirnayak parabhav keela. yaa niyojit hallyamule battistachya sarkarchya virodhat deshvyapi bandkhori hoil ashee aasha hotee. eka tasachya ladhainantar bahutansh bandkhor aanee tyancha neta dongarankade paloon gele. ladhait marle gelelya bandkhoranchi nemki sankhya vadgrast aahe; tathapi, fidel castrone aaplya aatmacharitrat dawa keela aahe qee ladhait nauu jann marle gele aanee battista sarkarne tabyat ghetalyanantar aanakhi 56 jananna fashi denyat aalee. sarkarchya mothya sankhyene purush asalyamule, shikarane sudharit kelelya sankhyet sumare 60 sadasyanna castros dongravar paloon jaanyachi sandhee dilee. mrutanmadhye castrocha duyyam-inn-kamand ebel santameria hota, jyala hallah jhaala tyach divashi turungat taknyat aale, chhal karnyat aala aanee fashi denyat aalee.
turungwas aanee sthalantar.
castro bandhunsah anek pramukh chalvalitil krantikarkans tyanantar lagechach pakadanyat aale. eka atyant rajkiy khatalyat, fidel tyachya bachavat jawaljawal chaar taas bolala, aanee 'mallah doshi tharwa, kahee farak padat nahee' yaa shabdanni samapt jhaala. itihas mallah nirdosh sodel."castrocha bachav rashtravad, uchchabhru nasalelya kyoobanansathiche pratinidhitva aanee fayadeshir karyakram aanee kyubatil samudayasathichi tyachi deshbhakti aanee nyay yavar aadharit hota. fidelala isla dii pinos yetheel presidio modello turungat 15 varshanchi shiksha sunavanyat aalee, tarr raulala 13 varshanchi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. tathapi, 1955 madhye, vyapak rajkiy dabavakhali, battista sarkarne monkada hallekhoransah kyubatil serve rajkiy kaidyanchi sutka kelee. fidelchya jesuitchya balpanichya shikshakanna battistala fidel aanee raulcha yaa pradarshanat samavesh karnyas patvoon denyat yash aale.
lavkarach, castro bandhu battistachya padavasathi tayari karnyasathi meksikomadhil itar nirvasitambarobar sameel jhaale, spanish yadavi yuddhatil prajasattak sainyacha neta alberto bayokadoon prashikshan ghetale. juuna 1955 madhye, fidelchi bhet argentinachya krantikari ernesto "chey" guverashi jhaali, joou tyachya karyat sameel jhaala. raul aanee fidelcha mukhya sallagar ernesto yane battistachya mafichya aarambhas madat kelee. 1953 madhye monkada barreckvaril hallyachya tarkhechya sandarbhat krantikaryanni swatahla '26 julai chalval' asey naav dile.
vidyarthyanche nidarshane.
1955 chya uttaradhat, vidyarthyanchya dangli aanee nidarshane adhik samanya jhaali aanee naveen padvidharanna nokri naan midalyane berojgari samasyapradhan jhaali. yaa nidarshananna vadhatya dadapshahicha samna karava lagla. serve tarunankade sambhavya krantikarak mhanoon pahile jaat hote. kyubachya sarkarla satatyane virodh hott asalyamule aanee tyachya parisarat hott asalelya anek nishedh upkramanmule, 30 november 1956 roji havanah vidyapith tatpurte bund karnyat aale (pahilya krantikari sarkarchya kalat 1959 paryant teey punha ughadale gele navhate).
domingo goikuria barrecover hallah.
castro bandhu aanee itar 26 julai chalvaliche gurilla mexicomadhye prashikshan ghet hote aanee kyubamadhye tyanchya ubhaychar tainatichi tayari karat hote, tarr aanakhi eka krantikari gut monkada barreck hallyache udaharan pahat hota. 29 april 1956 roji ravivarichya samoohik prathanedarmyan, sumare 100 bandkhoranchya swatantra chhapamar gatane reinol garciachya netrutvakhali matanzas prantatil domingo goikuria lashkari chhavanivar hallah keela. haah hallah hanoon padnyat aala aanee ladhait daha bandkhor aanee teen sainik marle gele aanee eka bandkhorala garrison commander piller garciane thodakyat thaar marle. florida aantarrashtriy vidyapithacha itihaskar miguel aii. agnishaman suru jhaale tevha brito jawalchya cathedralmadhye hota. too lihito, "tyaa divashi majhyasathi aanee matanzasathi kyubachi kranti suru jhaali."
bandkhorih 1956-1957.
grama landing.
25 november 1956 roji meksikochya tuxpan, veracruz yethoon 'granma' hii nauka castro bandhu aanee ernesto 'chey' guvera aanee camillo cienfuegos yanchyasah 80 itaranna gheuun ravana jhaali, jaree yaa botichi rachana keval 12 lokanna samavoon ghenyasathi kelee gelee hotee, jyat jastit jaast 25 lock hote. 2 december roji, tee nikerochya nagarpaliket playa laas koloradas yethe utarali, niyojit velepeksha done divas ushira pohochali kaaran nauka mothya pramanat bharaleli hotee, sarav naukanayanachya dhavanchya tulanet. yamule chalvalichya 'llano' shakheshi samanvayit hallyachi konatihi aasha dhudkavali. jahajavar pohochalyanantar aanee jahajatoon baher padlyanantar bandkhoranchya tolhine aagney kyubatil siera mastra parvataranganmadhye pravesh karnyas suruvat kelee. padbhraman suru jhalyanantar teen divasanni, battistachya sainyane bahutek "granma" sahbhaginvar hallah keela aanee tyanna thaar marle-jaree achook sankhya vadgrast asali taree mool bavis purushanpaiki vispeksha jaast lock kyubachya sainyashi jhalelya suruvatichya chakmakit bachavale naheet aanee siera mastra parvatanmadhye paloon gele.
vachalelyanchya gatat fidel aanee raul castro, chey gwera aanee camillo cienfugos yancha samavesh hota. vikhurlele vachalele, ekte kinwa lahan gatanmadhye, ekmekanna shodhat dongaranmadhye bhatkat hote. akheris, shetkari sahanubhooti vyakt vyakt madatine heey lock punha ekatra yeteel aanee chhapamar sainyache mukhya netrutva tayar kartil. selia sanchez aanee hedi santamaria (aabel santamariyachi baheen) yanchyasah anek mahila krantikarkannehi parvatanmadhil fidel castrochya mohimanna madat kelee.
rashtrapatinchya rajvadyavar hallah.
13 march 1957 roji, krantikarkanchya eka vegalya gatane-bahutek vidyarthyancha samavesh asalelya communist virodhi vidyarthi krantikari sanchalanalayane (aar. dii.) ('directoryo revolucionario estudantil', dii. aar. eae.)-buttistachi hatya karnyacha aanee sarkarla ulthavanyacha prayatna karat havanah yetheel rashtrapati rajvadyavar hallah keela. haah hallah purnapane ayashasvi tharala. aar. dii. chaa neta, vidyarthi jose antonio echweria, battistachya apekshit mrutyuchi batami pasaravanyasathi tyane tabyat ghetalelya havanah redio stationvar battistachya sainyashi jhalelya golibarat maran pavala. vachalelyanmadhye dow. humberto castello (jeey nantar escambremadhye mahanirikshak jhaale), rolando cubella aanee faurey chomon (doghehi nantar 13 march chalvaliche pramukh, laas villas prantachya escambrey parvatanmadhye kendrit).
faurey chaumon mediavila yanni spasht kelyapramane, battistachya mrutyuchi ghoshana karnyasathi aanee samanya sump pukarnyasathi rashtrapatinchya rajvadyavar hallah karane aanee radiocentro see. emm. kyu. imaratitil redio station redio relojvar kabja karane hii yojana hotee. rashtrapati rajvadyachya sabhovatalachya parisaratil sarvat unch imarati (laa tabakelera, sevilla hottel, lalit kalancha rajwada) vyapalelya 100 sashastr purushanchya gatachya pathimbyane, carlos guteirres menoyo aanee faurey chomon yanchya margdarshanakhali pannas lokanni rashtrapati rajwada tabyat ghyayacha hota. matra, shevatchya kshani sankoch vatalyamule teey lock ghatanasthali pohochu shakale naheet, tyamule hii duyyam madat moheem paar padali nahee. hallekhor rajvadyachya rajvadyachya majalyavar pohochale asale taree tyanni battistacha shodh ghetala nahee kinwa tyala thaar marle nahee.
humbolt 7 hatyakand.
humbolt 7 hatyakand 20 april 1957 roji humbolt 7 nivasi imaratichya 201 vya sadniket jhaale, jevha rashtriy polisanni leftnuntchya netrutvakhalil. curnell esteban ventura novo yanni rashtrapatinchya rajvadyavaril hallyat aanee radiocentro see. emm. kyu. imaratitil redio reloys station tabyat ghenyat vachalelya chaar sahbhaginchi hatya kelee.
karnalchya hatyesathi polisanni juan pedro carbocha shodh ghetala hota. battistachya gupt seveche pramukh antonio blanco riko. marcos rodrigues alphonso (jyala markitos asehi mhanatat) yane fructuoso, carbo aanee macadito yanchyashi vaad ghalanyas suruvat kelee; joou westbrook adyap aala navhata. jyaa markitosne lokanna krantikari bananyas pravrutt kele, too krantichya virodhat hota aanee tyamule itarankadun tyala raag aala. 20 april 1957 chya sakali markitos yanni ell. tii. laa bhetale. curnell esteban ventura yanni tarun krantikarak kuthe hote heey ughad kele, 7 april roji sandhyakali 5 vajlyanantar, polis polis eka motha tukada aala aanee charahi lock rahat asalelya 201 vya sadnikevar hallah keela. police baher aahet heey tyaa lokanna maheet navhate. polisanni nihshastra asalelya bandkhoranna tabyat ghetale aanee tyanna thaar marle.
1959 madhye krantinantarchya tapasaparyant hii ghatana lapavanyat aalee hotee. markitosla atak karnyat aalee aanee duheri khatalyachya sunavaninantar sarvoch nyayalayane march 1964 madhye golibar pathkadvare fashichi shiksha sunavali.
mokalepanane paise.
phrank payas haah eka krantikari aayojak hota, jyane eka vyapak shahari jaale tayar kele hote, jyavar castrochya landingchya samarthanarth santiago dii kyuba yethe ayashasvi uthav aayojit karnyat tyachya bhoomikesathi khatala chalavanyat aala hota aanee tyachi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee hotee. 30 juuna 1957 roji frankcha dhakata bhau josu paces yachee santiago polisanni hatya kelee. julai julai uttaradhat, polisanchya paddhatshir shodhanchya latanni phrank payanna santiago dii kyubamadhye lapoon basnyas bhag padale. 30 julai roji too surakshit nasalyacha ishara chalvalichya itar sadasyanni deela asala taree too raul poojesah eka surakshit gharat hota. curnell jose salas canizeres yanchya netrutvakhalil santiago polisanni imaratila vedha ghatala. phrank aanee raul yanni paloon jaanyacha prayatna keela. matra, tyanni pratikshet asalelya sutakechya gadikade jaanyacha prayatna karat asatana eka mahitipatune tyancha vishvasaghat keela. police police tyaa doghanna callegen dell muro (tatbandichi galli) yethe nele aanee tyanchya dokyachya mageel bajus golya zadalya. battistachya rajvatila virodh mhanoon, payas yanna santa ephygenia smashanbhumit olive green ganveshat aanee 26 julaichya chalvalitil laal aanee kalya bahubandit daphan karnyat aale.
payaschya mrutyula pratisad mhanoon, santiyagochya kamgaranni utsfurtapane samanya sump jaheer keela. haah sump haah tyaa veleparyant shaharatil sarvat motha lokpriy pratyakshik hota. 30 julai 1957 chaa jamavat haah kyubachi kranti aanee battistachya hukumshahichya patan yaa donhimadhil sarvat nirnayak tarakhanpaiki eka manla jaato. krantichya hutatmyancha divas mhanoon kyubamadhye haah divas suru karnyat aala aahe. phrank payas sekand front, siera mastramadhil raul castrochya netrutvakhalil chhapamar tukadila shaheed jhalelya krantikarkache naav denyat aale. 226 sann bartolom streetvaril tyachya balpanichya gharache rupantar santiago phrank paces garcia haus sangrahalayat karnyat aale aanee tyala rashtriy smarak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. kyubachya holguin yetheel aantarrashtriy vimantalavarhi tyache naav aahe.
sienfuegos yethe naudal bund.
6 september 1957 roji kyubachya naudalachya ghatkandware sienfuegochya naudal talavar battista rajvativiruddha uthav keela gela. 26 julaichya chalvalibaddal sahanubhooti vyakt kaam kanishth kanishth netrutvakhali, moolatah havanah bandaratil yuddhanauka japt karnyachya velee heey kele jayache. yuu. aii. madheel vaiyaktik adhikari asey mhatale jaate.ess. dutavasala yaa katabaddal mahitee hotee aanee tyane tumhala vachan dile hote.ess. jarr teey yashasvi jhaale tarr manyata.
pahate 5:30 paryant tall bandkhoranchya hatat hota. talavar zopalelya 150 naudal naudal bahutansh mool aththavis katkaryansobat sameel jhaale, tarr athara aaplya atak karnyat aalee. sumare donashe 26 julai roji chalvaliche sadasya aanee itar bandkhor samarthakanni shaharatoon talamadhye pravesh keela aanee tyanna shastre denyat aalee. sienfuegos anek taas bandkhoranchya hatat hota. 
duparparyant bii-26 bombfecki vimananchya pathimbyane santa clarahoon sarkari motoryukt payadal aale hote. havanamadhun bakhtarband tukadya pudhe aalya. dupar aanee ratrabhar rastyavar jhalelya ladhainantar police mukhyalayat ubhe rahilelya bandkhoranpaiki shevatche lock bharavun gele. andaje 70 bandkhor aanee bandkhor samarthakanna fashi denyat aalee aanee nagarikanvaril sudbuddhine ekoon 300 sainikanchya mrutanchya aakadyat bharr padali.
visheshtah golardhatil sanrakshanasathi vaparlya olakhalya america-kyuba shastra kararantargat alikadech pradan kelelya bombers aanee tankinchya vaparamule aata donhi sarkaranmadhye tanav vadhala aahe.
vaadh aanee aamcha sahbhag.
americene kyubala vimane, jahaje, takya aanee noplemsarkhe itar tantradnyan puravale, jeey bandkhoranviruddha vaparale gele. nantar 1958 madhye shastrastranvaril bandimule heey akheris sampushtat aale.
taad zulkchya matey, americene 26 julaichya chalvalila aktoobar kinwa november 1957 chya sumaras nidhi denyas suruvat kelee aanee 1958 chya madhyavar sampale. 26 julaichya chalvalitil pramukh netyanna 'kiman $50,000' vitarit kele jaatil, jyacha uddesh chalval yashasvi jhalyas bandkhoranmadhye americebaddal sahanubhooti nirman karane haah hota.
battistane 26 julai roji chhapyanna chiradanyasathi siera mastra pradeshat sainyachi tainati vadhavali, tarr escambrechya aanee rashtriy aaghadine ghatanatmak sainyachya tukadyanna escambrey parvat pradeshat bandhale. aanee rashtriy aaghadiche netrutva majee krantikari sanchalanalayache sadasya eloy guteirres menoyo aanee 'commandant yankvi' william alekzandar morgan yanni kele hote. siera mastramadhye castrochya utaranyachya batamya pasarlyanantar guteirres menoyone chhapamar bandchi sthapana kelee aanee tyache netrutva kele aanee jose antonio echveriyane havanah redio stationvar hallah keela. jaree morganla yuu. aii. madhoon apmanaspadaritya sodanyat aale hote.ess. lashkar, lashkarachya moolbhut prashikshanatun tyane punha nirman kelelya vaishishtyanmule aanee rashtriy aaghadichya sainyachya ladhaichya sajjatemadhye mahattvapoorn badal jhaala.
tyanantar, americene kyubachya sarkarvar aarthik nirbandh ladale aanee tyachya rajdutala parat bolavale, jyamule sarkarcha aadesh aanakhi kamkuvat jhaala. kyubanmadhil battistacha pathimba qamee houu lagla, majee samarthak ektar krantikarkanmadhye sameel jhaale kinwa battistapasoon door rahile. ekada battistane kyubachya arthvyavasthebabat kathor nirnay ghenyas suruvat kelee, tevha tyane yooche rashtriyikaran karnyas suruvat kelee.ess. teel shuddhikaran karkhane aanee itar yuu.ess. malmatta. tarihi, mafiya aanee yuu.ess. yuu.ess yaa sarkarla pathimba kayam thewala.
buttistache sarkar kyubachi shahare niyantranat thevanyasathi anekada kroor paddhatincha avalamb karat asey. tathapi, siera mastra parvatanmadhye, phrank payas, ramos lator, huber matos aanee itar anekanchya madatine castrone battistachya sainyachya chhotya chhavanivar yashasvi halle kele. castrola see. aay. aii. shhee jodalelya phrank sturgies sameel jhaale, jyanni castrochya sainikanna chhapamar yuddhat prashikshan denyacha prastav deela. castrone haah prastav swikarla, parantu tyala banduka aanee darugolyanchihi tatkal garaj hotee, tyamule sturgies eka bandukdhari banala. sturgesne alekzandriya, virginia yetheel see. aay. aii. shastrastra tadnya samuel cummingschya aantarrashtriy shastrastra mahamandalakadun botinmadhun shastrastre aanee darugola kharedi keela. sturgissne siera mastra parvatanmadhye eka prashikshan shibir ughadale, jithe tyane chey guvera aanee itar 26 julaichya chalvalitil bandkhor sainikanna chhapamar yuddh shikavale.
yavyatirikt, "escopateros" mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya jaananya sashastr aniyamitanni oriente prantachya payathyashi aanee maidani bhagat battistachya sainyacha chhal keela. escopateros" neey puravatha reshanche sanrakshn karoon aanee gupt mahitee samayik karoon castrochya mukhya dalanna thet lashkari sahayya dekhil pradan kele. akheris, parvat castrochya niyantranakhali aale.
sashastr pratikaravyatirikt, bandkhoranni tyanchya fayadhyasathi prachar karnyacha prayatna keela. februwari 1958 madhye 'redio rebelde' ('bandkhor redio') navache eka chanchuk redio station sthapan karnyat aale, jyamule castro aanee tyachya sainyala shatruchya pradeshat tyancha sandesh deshbharat prasarit karanyachi parvanagi midali. castrocha 'newyork times' patrakar herbert mathyujashi asalela sambandh yamule samyavadvirodhi pracharavar pahilya panavar yogya ahwal tayar jhaala. castrocha purvicha parichit asalela carlos franky yane redio prasaran shakya kele, joou nantar puerto rikomadhye nirvasit jhaala.
yaa kalat, castroche sainya sankhyemadhye khoopach qamee hote, kadhikadhi 200 peksha qamee sainik hote, tarr kyubache sainya aanee polis dalakade sumare 37,000 lock hote. tarihi, jawaljawal pratyek velee kyubache sainya krantikarkanviruddha ladhale, tevha sainyala maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele. 14 march 1958 roji americene kyubachya sarkarvar ladalelya shastrastra bandimule battistachya sainyachya kamkuvatpanat lakshaniy yogdan midale. kyubache havai dall zapatyane bighadleh teey amerikekadun bhag aayat kelyashivay aaplya vimananchi durusti karoo shakale naheet.
antim halleh 1958-1959.
operation verrano.
battistane shevati castrochya prayatnanna pratyuttar dett operation verrano (unhala) navachya dongaranvar hallah keela, jyala bandkhoranna 'laa offenciva' mhanoon olakhale jaate. lashkarane sumare 12,000 sainik pathavale, tyapaiki ardhe aprashikshit bharati kelele, tyacha swatacha bhau rouls dongravar. chhotya chakmakichya maliket, castrochya drudhnishchayi chhapyanni kyubachya sainyacha parabhav keela. 11 teey 21 julai 1958 paryant chalalelya laa platachya ladhait, castrochya sainyane 500-sainikanchya tukadicha parabhav keela, 240 sainikanna tabyat ghetale, tarr tyanchya swatachya keval teen sainikanna gamavale.
tathapi, laat jawaljawal 29 julai 1958 roji aalee, jevha battistachya sainyane laas mercedeeschya ladhait castrochya sumare 300 sainikanchya chhotya sainyacha jawaljawal naash keela. tyachya sainyala adhik sankhyene khalee khechale asata, castrone 1 august roji tatpurati shastrasandhi magitali aanee prapt kelee. pudhil saat divasant, vataghati nishfal jaat asatana, castroche sainya haloohaloo sapalyatun nisatale. 8 augustparyant, castroche sampoorn sainya dongaranmadhye parat paloon gele hote aanee operation verrano prabhavipane battista sarkarsathi ayashasvi tharale hote.
laas mercedeeschee ladhai.
laas mercedeeschee ladhai (29 julai-8 august 1958) hii operation veranochi shevatchi ladhai hotee. fidel castrochya gurillyanna asha thikani aakarshit karnyasathi jethe tyanna vedhale jaau shakate aanee tyancha naash keela jaau shakato, tyaa thikani kubancha senapati euologio cantillo yane hii ladhai rachali hotee. yuddhaviramane ladhai sampali, joou castrone prastavit keela aanee cantillone swikarla. yuddhabandichya kalat, castroche sainya parat dongaranmadhye paloon gele. tantrikdrushtya hii ladhai kyubachya sainyasathi vijay asali taree, sainyache manobal dhasalhale aanee nirash jhaale. castrone nikalakade vijay mhanoon pahile aanee lavkarach tyane swatacha aakramak daav suru keela.
batalian 17 neey 29 julai 1958 roji maghar ghenyas suruvat kelee. castrone maghar maghar sainikanvar hallah karnyasathi rene ramos lataurchya netrutvakhali purushancha eka tukada pathavala. tyanni aagau rakshakavar hallah keela aanee sumare 30 sainikanna thaar marle parantu nantar purvi naan shodhalelya cuban sainyachya hallyat teey adakale. latorne madatisathi haak marley aanee castro tyachya swatachya tukadyasah yuddhbhumivar aala. estrada palma sakhar karkhanyatun guptapane rasta pudhe pudhe kyubachya sainikanchya aanakhi eka gatakadoon castrochya tukadyavar dekhil golibar jhaala.
yuddh tapat asatana, general cantillone jawalchya shaharanmadhun aanakhi sainya bolavile aanee sumare 1,500 sainik ladhaichya dishene jaau lagale. tathapi, heey sainya chey guvera yanchya netrutvakhalil eka tukadine rokhale. kahee samikshak chey yanchyavar latorchya madatila naan yenyacha aarop karatat, tarr mejar bockman assa yuktivad karatat qee chechi yethe keleli chaal yogya hotee. kharey tarr, tyanni chechya yuddhabaddalachya samarik kautukala "tejaswi" mhatale.
julaichya akheris, castroche sainya purnapane guntalele hote aanee kyubachya sainyachya mothya sankhyedvare tyancha naash honyacha dhoka hota. tyane rene lataursah 70 manse gamavali hotee aanee too aanee lataurchya stambhache avashesh doghehi vedhalele hote. aanee divashi, castrone general cantilosobat yuddhabandichi vinanti kelee, agadi yuddh sampavanyasathi vataghati karnyachihi tayari darshavali. haah prastav general cantillone aspasht rahilelya karanansathi swikarla hota.
battistane 2 august roji castroshi vataghati karnyasathi eka vaiyaktik pratinidhi pathavala. vataghaticha konatahi parinam jhaala nahee parantu pudhil sahaa ratri, castroche sainya laksh naan deta nisatanyat yashasvi jhaale. 8 august roji jevha kyubachya sainyane punha hallah suru keela, tevha tyanna ladhanyasathi konihi sapadale nahee.
castroche urvarit sainya parat dongaranmadhye paloon gele hote aanee operation verrano prabhavipane battista sarkarsathi ayashasvi tharale hote.
yagujayachi ladhai.
1958 madhye fidel castrone aaplya krantikari sainyala battistachya sainyaviruddha aakraman karnyache aadesh dile. castrone eka sainyache netrutva guisa, maso aanee itar shaharanviruddha kele, tarr aanakhi eka mothe aakraman santa clara shahar tabyat ghenyachya dishene hote, jee tatkalin laas villas prantachi rajdhani hotee.
chey guvera, jaime vega aanee camillo sienfuegos yanchya netrutvakhali santa clarachya virodhat teen stambh pathavale gele. vegcha stambh eka hallyat adakala aanee purnapane nasht jhaala. guverachya stambhane santa clara (fomentojaval) chya aaspas jaaga ghetali. cienfugoschya tukadine yagujay yetheel sthanik lashkari chhavanivar thet hallah keela. suruvatila castrochya castrochya kadak korpaiki keval 60 purushanchi sankhya asalelya cienfugoschya gatane grameen bhag olandun santa clarachya dishene jaatana anek bharati midavalya hotya, akheris 450 teey 500 ladhvayyanchya andaje samarthyaparyant pohochale.
yaa chhavanit chiinii vanshachya kyubachya capton alfredo abon leechya netrutvakhali sumare 250 purushancha samavesh hota. 19 decemberchya sumaras haah hallah suru jhalyache disate.
santa klarakadoon atirikt sainya pathvile jaeel yachee khatri patali, leene tyachya padacha drudh bachav keela. chhapyanni lii aanee tyachya mansanvar punha punha maat karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu pratyek velee teey ayashasvi tharale. 26 decemberparyant camillo cienfugos khoop nirash jhaala hota; asey vatat hote qee leaver maat kelee jaau shakat nahee, kinwa tyala sharan yenyasathi patvoon dile jaau shakat nahee. nirash houn, sienfuegos yanni leechya sthitichya viruddha gharee banavalelya takicha vapar karnyacha prayatna keela. taakee" haah pratyakshat lokhandi pattyanni vedhalela eka motha tractor hota jyachya varr tatpurte flamethroars jodalele hote. teehi ayashasvi tharali.
akheris, 30 december roji likade darugola sampala aanee tyala aapale sainya chhapyansamor sopavave lagale. sainyachya chhavaniche aatmasamarpan haah santa clara yaa prantiy rajdhanichya bachavkartyansathi eka motha dhakka hota. aanee divashi, william alekzandar morganchya netrutvakhalil cienfugo, gwera aanee sthanik krantikarkanchya sanyukt sainyane prachand gondhalachya ladhait shahar tabyat ghetale. santa clara yetheel parabhav aanee itar parabhavanchya batamine ghabaroon battista aanee divashi kyuba sodoon paloon gela.
guisachi ladhai.
20 november 1958 chya sakali, battista sainikanchya tafyane guisasah aapala nehmicha pravas suru keela. siera mastrachya uttarekadil payathyashi asalele teey shahar sodalyanantar lagechach bandkhoranni karvanvar hallah keela.
guisa heey bayamo shaharachya bahereel bhagat asalelya operation zonchya kamand postpasoon 12 kilometer antaravar hote. nauu divasanpurvi, fidel castrone laa plata kamand sodali hotee, tyachya anurakshak aanee ladhvayyanchya eka chhotya gatasah purvela eka naan thambanari kooch suru kelee hotee.
19 november roji bandkhor santa barbara yethe pohochale. toparyant sumare 230 ladhvayye hote. fidelane aaplya aaplya guisa vedha ghalanyasathi ekatra kele aanee kapeniku nadivar monjaras pulavar eka khaan thevanyache aadesh dile. tyaa ratri ladhvayyanni hoyo deey pipa yethe tall thokala. pahate, tyanni heliographo tekadi aanee maato roblejo tekadi darmyan jaanara marg swikarla, jithe tyanni mokyachya sthananvar kabja keela. 20 tarkhela jhalelya baithakit sainyane eka truck, eka bus aanee eka jeep gamavali. sahaa thaar jhaale aanee 17 kaidi pakadale gele, tyapaiki teen jakhami jhaale. pahatechya sumaras, bayamo yetheel operationchya kshetrat asalelya lashkari kamand postne qoo. neey banalele eka majbutikaran pathavale. 32, aanee kampanikadoon eka pulton. ell aanee qoo kadoon aanakhi eka pulton. 22. bandkhoranchya pratikarasathi heey sainya pudhe jaau shakale nahee. fidelane kapeniku nadichya upanadivar aanakhi eka pool khodanyache aadesh dile. kahee tasannantar lashkarane kampanikadoon eka pulton pathavale. 82 aanee kampanikadoon aanakhi eka pulton. 93, tii-17 takidware samarthit.
bandkhorancha hallah.
21 august 1958 roji, battistachya 'offenciva' chya parabhavanantar, castrochya sainyane tyanche swatache aakraman suru kele. oriente prantat (sadhyachya santiago dii kyuba, granma, gwantanamo aanee holguin yaa prantanchya bhagat), fidel castro, raul castro aanee juan almeida bosk yanni chaar aaghadyanvar halle nirdeshit kele. offenciva' darmyan tabyat ghetalelya aanee vimanane taskari karoon aanalelya naveen shastransah dongaratoon utaroon, castrochya sainyane suruvatichya vijayanchi malika jinkley. guisa yetheel castrocha motha vijay aanee mapho, contramester aanee central orients anek shahare yashasvipane tabyat ghetalyane cotto maidane tyachya niyantranakhali aalee.
darmyan, chey guvera, camillo sienfuegos aanee jaime vega yanchya netrutvakhali teen bandkhor fauj paschimekade villa clara prantachi rajdhani santa clarachya dishene pudhe gelee. battistachya sainyane jayame vegachya tukadivar hallah karoon tyacha naash keela, parantu vachalele done tukade madhya prantat pohochale, jithe teey castrochya netrutvakhali nasalelya itar anek pratikar gatansah sainyat sameel jhaale. jevha chey guveracha tukada laas villa prantatoon gela aanee visheshtah escambrey parvatanmadhun-jithe samyavadvirodhi krantikari sanchalanalay dall (jeey 13 march chalval mhanoon olakhale gele) anek mahinyanpasun buttistachya sainyashi ladhat hote-bandkhoranchya done gatanmadhye sangharsh nirman jhaala. tathapi, sanyukt bandkhor sainyane aakraman suruch thewale aanee 30 december 1958 roji sienfuegos yane yagujechya ladhait eka mahattvacha vijay midavala, jyamule tyala 'yagujecha nayak' asey topananav midale.
1958 kyuba sarvatrik nivadanuk.
kyubamadhye 3 november 1958 roji sarvatrik nivadanuka jhalya. teen pramukh adhyakshiy umedvar hote, partido dell pueblo libreche carlos markage sterling, partido autenticoche ramon grau aanee colessian progressista nationalche andres rivero aguero. matpatrikevar union kyuba partisathi alberto salas amaro haah eka kirkol pakshiy umedvarhi hota. patra matdaranchya 50 takke matdan jhalyacha andaj vartavanyat aala. andrus rivero aguero yanni 70 takke matansah adhyakshiy nivadanuk jinkley asali taree kyubachya krantimule teey padbhar swikaru shakale naheet.
rivero aguero 24 februwari 1959 roji shapath ghenar hote. teey aanee american rajdoot earl eae. yanchyatil sambhashanat. tii. 15 november 1958 roji smithne castrola 'aajari manus' mhatale aanee tyachyashi todga kadhane ashakya asalyache sangitale. rivero aguero yanni asehi sangitale qee tyanni ghatanatmak sarkar punarsanchayit karanyachi yojana aakhali aahe aanee padbhar swikarlyanantar ghatanatmak sabha bolavanar aahet.
kyubachi hii shevatchi spardhatmak nivadanuk hotee, 1940 saalee kyubachi sanvidhan, congress aanee kyuba prajasattakachi synet, tyanantar lagechach nasht karnyat aalee.
bandkhoranni jahirpane nivadanuk bahishkarasathi aavahan kele hote, 12 march 1958 roji tyancha sampoorn yuddh jahirnama jaaree keela hota, jyane matdan kele asel tarr tyanna thaar maranyachi dhamki dilee hotee.
santa clara aanee battistachya udatyachi ladhai.
31 december 1958 roji santa clarachi ladhai mothya gondhalachya paristhitit jhaali. santa clara shahar chey guvera, sienfuegos aanee krantikarak sanchalanalay (aar. dii.) bandkhoranchya sanyukt sainyachya tabyat gele, jyachya netrutvakhali commandant rolendo cubella, juan (ell magicano) abrahantis aanee william alekzandar morgan hote. yaa parabhavachya batmimule battista ghabarala. kahee tasannantar 1 janewari 1959 roji too kyuba yethoon vimanane dominican prajasattakasathi paloon gela. bandkhor sainyache netrutva karnare commander william alekzandar morgan, battista nighun jaatana ladhat rahile aanee 2 janevariparyant sienfuegos shahar tabyat ghetale.
kyubache general euologio cantillo yanni havanachya rashtrapati bhavnat pravesh keela, sarvoch nyayalayache nyayadhish carlos pidra yanna naveen adhyaksh mhanoon ghoshit kele aanee battistachya junya sarkarmadhye naveen sadasyanchi niyukti karnyas suruvat kelee.
castrola sakali battistachya uddanabaddal kalale aanee tyane lagechach santiago dii kyuba tabyat ghenyasathi vataghati suru kelya. 2 janewari roji shaharatil lashkari senapati curnell rubidone aaplya sainikanna naan ladhanyache aadesh dile aanee castrochya sainyane shahar tabyat ghetale. guvera aanee sienfuegochya sainyane jawalpas ekach velee havnat pravesh keela. santa clara teey kyubachya rajdhaniparyantchya tyanchya pravasat tyanna konatyahi virodhala samore jaave lagale navhate. castro swatah 8 janewari roji vijayasathichya pradirgh morchanantar havanah yethe pohochala. tyanchi adhyakshapadachi prarambhik nivad, manuel urutia lio yanni 3 janewari roji padbhar swikarla.
parinam.
manuel urutia lio yanche adhyakshapad.
manuel urutia lio (8 december 1901-5 julai 1981) heey kyubache udarmatvadi vakeel aanee rajkarani hote. 1959 chya pahilya krantikari sarkarmadhye adhyaksh mhanoon kaam karnyapurvi, tyanni 1950 chya dashakat gerardo machado sarkar aanee fulgencio battistachya aanee adhyakshapadachya virodhat moheem rabavali. krantikari nete fidel castro yanchyashi jhalelya anek vivadanmule urutiane saat mahinyanantar aaplya padacha rajinama deela aanee tyanantar lagechach americet sthalantar kele.
kyubachya krantila 1 janewari 1959 roji vijay midala aanee urutia venezuelamadhil haddapar avasthepasun rashtrapati bhavnat rahnyasathi paratali. tyachya naveen krantikari sarkarmadhye pramukhyane kyubache rajkiy diggaj aanee jose miro yanchyasah vyavasay samarthak udarmatvadi hote, jyanna pantpradhan mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote.
sattevar aalyanantar, urutiane serve veshyagruhe, jugar dukane aanee rashtriy lottery bund karnyacha karyakram twarit suru keela, assa yuktivad karat qee tyancha rajyavar dirghkalapasun bhrasht prabhav hota. yaa upayayojananna mothya sambandhit kamgarvargakadun tatkal virodh jhaala. kyubachya naveen sashastr dalancha tatkalin commander, napsant castrone paryayi rojgar mileparyant fashila sthagiti denyachi vinanti karnyasathi hastakshep keela.
castrochya maganivarun serve sarkari sarkari ladanyat aalelya pagar kapatibabatahi naveen sarkarmadhye matbhed nirman jhaale. vadgrast kapatimadhye battistakadoon varshane midalelya $100,000 varshik rashtrapatinchya vetanat kapat karane samavisht hote. februvariparyant, mirochya achanak rajinama dilyanantar, castrone pantpradhanpadachi bhoomika sweekarli hotee; yamule tyachi satta balkat jhaali aanee urutia adhikadhik pramukh adhyaksh bunley. vidhimandal prakriyet urutiyacha sahbhag qamee hott gela, tyamule donhi netyanmadhil itar naan sutalele vaad vadhat gele. nivadanukanchya punarsanchayanavaril tyancha vishvas castrone nakarla, jyanna vatale qee teey bhrasht pakshanchya junya badnam vyavasthekade aanee battista yugala chinhankit kaam fasavya matdanakade parat yeteel.
tyanantar 'avance' vruttapatrane urutiyavar eka lakzari villa kharedi kelyacha aarop keela, joou kranticha kshullak vishvasaghat mhanoon chitrit karnyat aala aanee tyamule samanya janatecha aakrosh jhaala. tyanni yaa vruttapatraviruddha riit jaaree karnyacha aarop fetalala. yaa kathemule sarkarmadhil vividh gatanmadhil tanav aanakhi vadhala, jaree urutiane sarvajanikaritya thampane sangitale qee fidel castroshi tyache "ajibat matbhed naheet". urutiane kyubachya sarkarla (castros) prashasanatil communistanchya vadhatya prabhavapasun door thevanyacha prayatna keela, tyanantarchya gatachya virodhat anek gambhir sarvajanik tippanya kelya. castrone kyubachya communistanshi konatehi sambandh ughadpane jaheer kele nasale taree, urrutia haah jaheer samyavadvirodhi hota kaaran tyanni battistachya virodhatil bandala pathimba denyas nakar deela hota, eka mulakhatit mhatale hote, "jarr kyubachya lokanni tyaa shabdankade laksh dile asate, tarihi aamhi aamchyasobat battista asato... aanee teey itar serve yuddh gunhegar jeey aata paloon jaat aahet.
amerikeshi sambandh.
kyubachi kranti haah tumchyasathi eka mahattvacha nirnayak tappa hota.ess.-kyubache sambandh. jaree united states sarkar suruvatila castrochya naveen sarkarla manyata denyas tayar hote, taree lavkarach aagney aashiyapramanech lattin amerikechya rashtranmadhye samyavadi bandkhori pasarel ashee bheeti vatoo lagali. darmyan, krantidarmyan battistachya sarkarla madat kelyabaddal castrochya sarkarne american lokancha santap vyakt keela. krantikari sarkarne sarvanche rashtriyikaran kelyanantar.ess. august 1960 madhye, american eisenhower prashasanane kyubachya bhoomivaril serve malmatta gothavalya, rajnaitik sambandh todale aanee kyubachya bandila kadak kele. paschim-havanchi pramukh pherii bund jhaali. 1961 madhye, yuu.ess. sarkarne dukaranchya upasagaravar aakraman suru kele, jyamadhye brigade 2506 (1,500 sainikanche see. aay. aii.-prashikshit dall, bahutek cuban nirvasit) castrola hatavanyachya mohimevar utarale; castrola ulthavoon taknyacha prayatna ayashasvi jhaala, aanee aakraman cuban sainyane mage takale. yuu.ess. kyuba viruddhache nirbandh 2020 paryant ajunahi lagoo aahet, jaree obama prashasanadarmyan tyat anshatah shithilata aalee, parantu 2017 madhye trump yanchya netrutvakhali teey balkat jhaale. yuu.ess. 2010 chya dashakachya madhyat kyubashi sambandh samanya karnyache prayatna suru jhaale aanee august 2015 madhye ardhya shatkanantar havanah yetheel aapala dutavas aupcharikpane punha ughadala. trump prashasanane americi nagarikanchya kyubachya pravasavar kathor nirbandh ghaloon aanee deshaviruddha americi sarkarche nirbandh kadak karoon kyubacha barachsa vitalalela bhag ulatavala.
soviet unionshi sambandh.
american nirbandhanantar, soviet union kyubacha mukhya mitra banala. americene castroche samyavadi sarkar padnyat rus ghetala nahee toparyant soviet unionla suruvatila kyuba kinwa lattin amerikeshi kahihi karayache navhate. suruvatila, soviet unionmadhil anek lokanna kyubabaddal kahihi mahitee navhati aanee jyanni castrola "trasdayak" aanee kyuba krantila "eka motha pakhand" mhanoon pahile. soviet unionne tyanchi drushtikon badalanyachi aanee shevati betavar asalelya deshat rus ghenyachi teen mothee karane hotee. pahili hotee kyubachya krantiche yash, jyala moscone mothya utsukatene pratisad deela kaaran tyanna samajale hote qee jarr kyubachi samyavadi kranti yashasvi jhaali tarr tee lattin americet anyatra yashasvi houu shakate. tyamule tevhapasoon soviet sanghane lattin americetil pararashtra vyavharankade laksh denyas suruvat kelee. dusare mhanje, kyubamadhye aanakhi eka gwatemala paristhiti tainat karnyachya amerikechya aakramak yojnebaddal jaanun ghetalyanantar, soviet matane patkan paay badalale. tisare, soviet netyanni kyubachya krantikade pratham aanee sarvat mahattvache uttar-american virodhi kranti mhanoon pahile, jee shityuddhachya shikharavar asatana aanee jaagtik varchasvasathichi amerikechi ladhai sarvoch patalivar asatana tyanchi bhook nakkich vadhavali.
janewari 1962 madhye american stateschya sanghatnene panta dell este yethe jhalelya parishadet aantar-american pranalitoon vagalalyanantar, aashavadabaddalchi sovietchi vrutti kyubachya surakshesathi chintechya vishayat badalali. americene betavar aakraman karnyachya dhokyaas heey kharokharach soviet chintecha nirnayak tappa hote, kalpana ashee hotee qee kyubacha americene parabhav keela tarr yacha arth soviet union aanee marksvad-leninismsathi parabhav hoil. kyubacha padav jhaala tarr, "itar lattin american desh aamhala nakartil, assa dawa karat qee soviet union aaplya serve samarthyasathi kyuba sathee sanyukt rashtranna pokal nishedh karnyashivay kahihi karoo shakale navhate", asey krushevne lihile. kyubaprati soviet vrutti dweep rashtrachya surakshesathi chintet badalali kaaran yu. ess. madheel vadhata tanav aanee aakramanachya dhamkyanmule soviet-kyubache sambandh varvarche jhaale kaaran tyanni keval yaa pradeshatil american satta nakaranyachi aanee soviet varchasva rakhanyachi kalji ghetali. yaa serve ghatananmule done samyavadi deshanmadhye jalad gatine jawalche lashkari aanee guptachar sambandh vikasit jhaale, jyacha parinam 1962 madhye kyubamadhye soviet anvastre tainat karnyat jhaala, jyaa kayadyamule aktoobar 1962 madhye cuban kshepanastra sankat nirman jhaale.
kyubachya kshepanastra sankatachya parinami soviet unionla laaj vatali aanee soviet deshansah anek deshanni moscone paristhiti hatalalyabaddal twarit teeka kelee. pudhchya varshi jaanevarit (1963) khrushchev castrola lihilelya patrat, sangharsh sampalyanantar, too donhi deshanchya sambandhanmadhil muddyanvar charcha karnyachya ichchebaddal bolato. teey samajvadi deshansah itar deshantil aakramak aavajanvar lihitat, yu. ess. ess. aar. laa sandhisadhu aanee swayamseva karnara asalyacha aarop karatat. tyanni shantatamay margane samyavad pudhe nenyachya shakyatevar bharr dett kyubamadhun kshepanastre mage ghenyachya nirnayache spashtikaran dile. kyubachya american hallyaviruddha hummy denyache mahatva khrushchev yanni adhorekhit kele aanee lattin americetil samajvadacha eka chamkanara prakashastambh honyasathi aarthik, sanskrutik aanee tantrik vikasavar laksh kendrit karnyache aavahan havanala kele. shevati too fidel castrola moscola bhet denyasathi aanee asha sahalichya tayaribaddal charcha karnyasathi aamantrit karato.
1970 aanee 1980 chya dashkatil pudhil done dashake kahishi eka goodhata hotee, yaa arthane qee 1970 aanee 1980 chey dashak kyubachya itihasatil sarvat samruddhine bharalele hote, tarihi krantikari sarkarne aapale sarvat sanghatit swaroop sadhya karnyasathi purn pavale uchalali aanee tyanni purvekadil gatatil samajvadi shasananchi anek kroor vaishishtye sweekarli aanee amalat aanali. asey asoonahi haah samruddhicha kaal asalyache disate. 1972 madhye kyuba comeconmadhye sameel jhaala aanee adhikrutpane soviet unionchya samajvadi vyapar gatasah tyanchya vyaparat sameel jhaala. tyamule soviet anudanat vaadh, changlya vyapar atty aanee adhik changle, adhik vyavharik deshantargat dhoran yamule anek varshe samruddha vikas jhaala. yaa kalat kyubane nikaraguaasarkhya itar samyavadi america-virodhi samrajyavadi deshambarobar aapale pararashtra dhoran majboot kele aahe. haah kaal 1970 aanee 1980 chya dashkatil sovhietkaran mhanoon olakhala jaato.
1991 madhye soviet union kosalanyaparyant kyubane sovietshi jawalche sambandh rakhale. soviet aarthik madaticha ant aanee purvekadil gatatil tyache vyapari bhagidar gamavalyamule aarthik sankat aanee tanchaicha kaal nirman jhaala jyala kyubacha vishesh kaal mhanatat.
russian mahasanghane arthsankalpiy chintanmule kyubamadhil guptachar tall bund kelyanantar 2002 madhye russia, purviche soviet union, yanchyashi sadhyache sambandh sampushtat aale. tathapi, gelya dashakat, 2014 madhye yukrenmadhil paristhitivarun russiala pashchimekadun aantarrashtriy pratisadacha samna karava laglyanantar alikadchya varshant sambandh vadhale aahet. purvekade natochya vistaracha badala mhanoon, russiane lattin ameriketahi asech karar karnyacha prayatna keela aahe. russiane visheshtah kyuba, nikaragua, venezuela, brazil aanee meksikoshi adhik changle sambandh prasthapit karanyachi ichcha vyakt kelee aahe. sadhya, heey desh amerikeshi jawalche aarthik sambandh rakhoon thevatat. 2012 madhye, putinane nirnay ghetala qee russiane purvipramanech kyubamadhye aapali lashkari shakti kendrit kelee aahe. puteen mhanato, "jaagtik shastrastre aanee lashkari upkarananchya bajarpethet rashiyachi upasthiti vadhavane heey aamche uddisht aahe. yacha arth, aamhi jyaa deshanna vikri karato tyanchi sankhya vadhavane aanee aamhi deu kelelya vastoo aanee sevanchi shreni vadhavane."
jaagtik prabhav.
1917 chya aktoobar krantinantar purv europemadhye soviet sanghachya vistaramule castrochya vijayavar aanee krantinantarchya pararashtra dhoranache jaagtik parinam jhaale. lattin americet aanee tyapalikade shahee shaktinviruddhachya tyachya aavahanachya anushangane, tyachya havanachya ghoshananmadhye namood kelelya castrone lagechach caribean aanee tyapalikadechya itar deshanmadhye aapali kranti "niryat" karnyacha prayatna keela, 1960 chya suruvatilach algerian bandkhoranna shastre pathavali. pudhil dashakanmadhye, kyuba anek vikasansheel deshanmadhil samyavadi bandkhori aanee swatantrya chalvalinna pathimba denyat mothya pramanat sameel jhaala, ghaana, nikaragwa, yemen aanee angola yetheel bandkhoranna lashkari madat pathavali. 1970 aanee 1980 chya dashkatil angolachya yadavi yuddhat castrocha hastakshep visheshtah lakshaniy hota, jyat sumare 60,000 kyubache sainik sahbhagi hote.
vaishishtye.
vichardhara.
krantichya velee samajachya vividh kshetranni communistanpasoon teey vyavsayik netyanparyant aanee catholic charchparyantchya krantikari chalvalila pathimba deela.
krantidarmyan fidel castrochya shraddha haah haah aitihasik vadacha vishay rahila aahe. fidel castro tyaveli tyachya vishvasambaddal ughadpane sandigdha hota. kahee rudhivadi itihaskarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee castro haah suruvatipasunach dirghakalin yojnesah samyavadi hota; tathapi, itaranni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee tyachyakade konatihi majboot vaicharik nishtha navhati. lesley dewartne mhatale aahe qee castro haah kadhihi communist agent hota asey soochit karnyasathi konatahi purava nahee. levin aanee papasotirio yancha assa vishvas aahe qee castro american samrajyavadachya tiraskarapeksha thode vegale manat asey. krantinantar lagechach americaberoberche tyache maitripurna sambandh aanee tyachya bhusudharanchya suruvatichya kalat too cuban communist pakshat sameel jhaala nahee, heey samyavadakade cull nasalyacha purava mhanoon teey nondavtat.
krantichya velee 26 julaichya chalvalit vividh rajkiy munn munn lokancha samavesh hota, parantu bahutekjan sahmat hote aanee 1940 chya kyubachya sanvidhanachi punarsthapana karanyachi ichcha balgat hote aanee tyanni jose martychya aadarshanna pathimba deela. krantidarmyanchya eka mulakhatit chey guverane george masettila sangitale qee, "fidel haah communist nahee", asehi mhatale aahe qee, "rajkiyadrushtya tumhi fidel aanee tyachya chalvalichi vyakhya 'krantikari rashtravadi' mhanoon karoo shakata. arthat, american heey krantivirodhi aahet yaa arthane teey americanvirodhi aahet.
mahilanchya bhoomika.
kyubachya krantimadhye mahilanchya yogdanache mahatva, monkada barrekmadhil sahbhagapasun teey fidel castrochya vaiyaktik surakshecha tapasheel mhanoon kaam kaam mariana gradgels aul-women palatanparyant, kranti yashasvi honyas anumati anumati kamgirimadhye pratibimbit hote. mariana gradgels mahila palatanchya aanee kramankachya tete puebla yanni mhatale aaheh
mariana gradgels pulton sthapan honyapurvi, siera mastrachya krantikari mahilanna ladhanyasathi sanghatit kele jaat navhate aanee pramukhyane swayampak, kapade durust karane aanee aajari lokanchi kalji ghene, varanvar kurier mhanoon kaam karane tasech chhapyanna lihayala-vachayala shikavane yaat madat kelee jaat asey.
heady santameria aanee melba hernandez yaa ekmev mahila hotya jyanni monkada barreckvaril hallyat bhag ghetala, tyanantar natalia revuela aanee lydia castro (fidel castrochi baheen) yanchyabarobar battista virodhi sanghatananshi yutee karnyasathi tasech 'itihas mallah nirdosh sodwell' yache sankalan aanee vitaran kele. selia sanchez aanee vilma espin heey aaghadiche rannitikar aanee atyant kushal ladhvayye hote jyanni sampoorn krantimadhye aavashyak bhoomika bajavali. mariana gradgels palatanache sansthapak sadasya aanee aanee kramankache pramukh tete puebla yanni selia sanchezbaddal sangitale, "jevha tumhi seliyabaddal bolata, tevha tumhala fidelbaddal bolave lagel aanee tyaulat. seliyachya kalpananni siera madheel jawaljawal pratyek goshtila sparsh keela."
sambandhit abhilekheey sangrah.
yaa kalat kyubamadhye anek paradeshi upasthiti hotee. esthar brinch 1960 chya kyubachya danish sarkarsathi danish anuvadak hotee. brinchya kamat kyubachi kranti aanee kyubache kshepanastra sankat yancha samavesh hota. brinchya sangrahit sahityacha sangrah george messon vidyapithachya vishesh sangrah sanshodhan kendrat thevanyat aala aahe.

