
nagri karye aanee krantikari vikas samarthan

dorkhand (nagri karye aanee grameen vikas samarthan) haah vietnam yuddhadarmyan dakshin vietnam aanee united stateschya sarkarancha shantata karyakram hota. haah karyakram 9 meey 1967 roji tayar karnyat aala hota aanee tyat donhi sarkaranche lashkari aanee nagri ghatak samavisht hote. dakshin vhietanamchya sarkarla tyachya grameen loksankhyekadun pathimba midvane haah dorkhandancha uddesh hota, joou mukhyatve vhiet kong (vhee. see.) chya bandkhor communist sainyachya prabhavakhali kinwa niyantranakhali hota aanee uttar vhietanamchya lokanchya vhietanamchya sainyachya (pavan) prabhavakhali hota.
vhietanammadhil purvichya shantata karyakramanchya ulat, anek adhikari bandkhoricha samna karnyasathi 'nagri aanee lashkari prayatnanche yashasvi ektrikaran' mhanoon dorkhandankade pahatat. 1970 paryant, dakshin vhietanamchi 93 takke grameen loksankhya tulanene surakshit gavanmadhye rahat asalyache amerikeche mutt hote. dakshin vhietanamchya serve 44 prantanmadhye dorancha vistar karnyat aala hota aanee samyavadi bandkhori khoopach qamee jhaali hotee. tathapi, samikshakanni shantata karyakram aanee dorkhandanche varnan 'pragaticha bhram' yasarkhya drushtine kele aahe. taar, tyacha pahila neta, robbert doubleu. chya andajanusar hote. comer, "khoop qamee, khoop usheer jhaala."
yoochya mage ghenyabarobar.ess. februwari 1973 madhye lashkari dall aanee anek nagri karmchari, dorr radd karnyat aale. 1970 chya dashakat dorkhandanche tatpurte yash qamee jhaale, kaaran yuddh pramukhyane bandkhoriaivaji dakshin aanee uttar vhietanamchya paramparik lashkari dalanmadhil sangharsh banale. 1975 madhye uttar vhietanamache varchasva hote.
dakshin vhietnami shantateche prayatna karatat.
dakshin vhietanamchya sarkarsathi grameen lokancha pathimba midvinyasathi vietnam yuddhadarmyan suru asalelya sangharshala shantata asey mhatale gele. americanansathi, shantata karyakram anekada 'hriday aanee munn jinkane' yaa vakyanshadvare sandarbhit kele jaat asat.
dakshin vhietanamchya (1955-63) samyavadvirodhi ngo deane diam sarkarcha shahari aanee catholic loksankhyemadhye sattecha paya hota. sarkar shaharanvar aanee mothya shaharanvar niyantran thevat hote, parantu bahutek loksankhya jithe rahat hotee tyaa gavanparyant sarkari satta pohochavanyache diamche prayatna bahutansh vela ayashasvi tharale. vhiet kongla pathimba milat hota aanee sarkarla virodh karnyasathi shetkari jamvat hote. 1956 teey 1960 darmyan, vhee. see. neey jamindaranchi hakalpatti karoon shetkyanna jameen vitarit karnyasathi bhusudharana karyakram suru keela.
1959 madhye, diam yanni shetkyanna naveen krishi vasahatinmadhye halavanyachya uddeshane french kalatil agroville karyakramache punarujjivan kele, jyat shaala, vaidyakeey davakhane aanee sarkardware samarthit itar suvidha hotya. shetkyancha pratikar, kharab vyavasthapan aanee gurilla aanee dahashatvadi davpech vaparoon vhee. see. dware vyatyay aalyane haah karyakram ayashasvi jhaala. 1961 madhye, sarkarne dhoranatmak hamlet karyakram suru keela, jyachi rachana anshatah british bandkhorivirodhi tadnya robbert thompson yanni kelee hotee. grameen rahivashanna tatbandi asalelya gavanmadhye halavanyachi kalpana hotee, jyamadhye teey tyanchya sanrakshanasathi aanee chhapyanpasun alipta rahnyasathi swasanrakshan dalanmadhye sahbhagi hotil. dakshin vhietanammadhil amerikeche rajdoot fredrick nolting aanee see. aay. aii. chey adhikari william colby yanni yaa karyakramala pathimba deela. general leonel see. dakshin vhietanammadhil lashkari sahayya sallagar gatache pramukh mcgar yanni yala virodh keela, tyaeivaji vietnam prajasattakachya (aii. aar. vhee. aine.) firatya, vyavsayik dakshin vietnam sainyachya bajoone, jyala nantar gave aanee pradeshache rakshan karnyaivaji shodh aanee nasht mohima mhatale jaeel. haah karyakram khoop vegane aanee jabardastine rabavala gela aanee 1964 paryant 2,600 mokyachya vastyanpaiki anek vastya vhee. see. chya niyantranakhali aalya hotya.
shantata karyakramachi pudhil punaravrutti 1964 madhye prathamach, magcha uttaradhikari, american dutavas aanee lashkari sahayya kamand, vietnam (mcvee) yanchya niyojanat thet sahbhagasah jhaali. chian thang" (vijayasathicha sangharsh) shantata karyakram haah dhoranatmak vastyapeksha qamee mahattvakankshi hota, jyamadhye grameen bhaganna suraksha aanee seva puravun, sarkar-niyantrit bhagapasoon vhee. see. niyantrit bhaganparyant "teel kshetra" sarkhya haloohaloo vistarachi kalpana hotee. chian thang karyakramasah sambandhit hopp tack (vijay) karyakram hota, jyamadhye thet yuu.ess. prathamach shantata prasthapit karnyasathi lashkar. hopp tackney dakshin vhietnami sarkarchya niyantranakhalil bhaganchya cygonpasoon haloohaloo bahya vistar karanyachi kalpana kelee. vadgrast bhagatil grameen rahivashanna pureshi suraksha aanee surakshitata puravanyat aii. aar. vhee. aine. asamarth asalyane heey karyakramahi ayashasvi tharale.
american aanee uttar vhietnami sahbhag.
1965 madhye, america aanee uttar vietnam yaa donhi deshanni dakshin vhietanammadhil tyanchya sainikanchi sankhya zapatyane vadhavali. andaje 105 vee. see. aanee 55 pavan tukdyansah communist sainyachi ekoon sankhya 221,000 hotee. varshakheris vhietanammadhil american sainikanchi sankhya 1,75,000 hotee aanee rvnchi sankhya 6,00,000 peksha jaast hotee. commanding general william westmoreland yanni yuu. ess. chaa vapar nakarla.ess. yu chaa vapar karnyaivaji, grameen bhag shant karnyasathi sainya.ess. vhee. see. aanee pavan unit shodhanyasathi aanee tyancha samna karnyasathi gatishilata aanee agnishaktimadhye shreshthata. sangharsh tivra jhalyamule anek shetkari aanee grameen rahivashanna surakshesathi shaharanmadhye palayan karave lagale. antargat nirvasitanchi sankhya 1964 madheel sumare 500,000 varoon 1966 madhye daha lakhanparyant vadhali. december 1966 paryant dakshin vietnam keval dawa karoo shakat hote-aashavadipane yuu. ess. madhye.ess.'deshatil 12,000 vastyanpaiki 4,700 aanee tethil 1 kotee 60 lakhanpaiki 10 vastinvar niyantran thevanyache mutt
februwari 1966 madhye, adhyaksh lindon johnson yanni dakshin vhietnami aanee american netyansobat havai yethe jhalelya baithakit, "shantatechi suvarta serve sambandhitanchya antahkaranat aanee manat korali jaanyasathi" shantatechya sankalpanela protsahan dile."tyanantar lagechach tyanni see. aay. aii. chey adhikari aanee rashtriy suraksha parishadeche sadasya robbert doubleu. shantatechya dekharekhisathi comer ('bloaterch bobb') haah tyacha vishesh sahayyak hota. komarche aavhan yu. ess. laa ekatra aanane heey hote.ess. lashkari, rajya vibhag, see. aay. aii. aanee aantarrashtriy vikas sanstha yaa sarkari sanstha shantata prakalpanmadhye sahbhagi houn eksandh prayatnat sahbhagi hotat. comer yanni shantatechi jababdari westmorelandchya netrutvakhalil mcveakade, yuu. ess. chey pramukh asalelya nagri pratinidhidware sopavanyachi shifaras kelee.ess. shantatecha prayatna donhikade aadnya karato.ess. lashkari aanee nagri karmchari. tyacha prastav serve sansthanmadhye aprasiddha asala taree, komarne johnsonchya pathimbyane pudhe dhakalale. serve nagri shantata karyakramanche samanvay sadhanyasathi, ardhyahun adhik upay mhanoon, nagri netrutvasaha nagri karyalayache (oo. see. oo.) november 1966 madhye sthapan karnyat aale. oko ayashasvi jhaala parantu shantatechya karyakramache mcvee netrutva aavashyak hote haah comer aanee johnson yancha drushtikon majboot keela. komarcha assa vishvas hota qee assa mahatvakankshi karyakram haatee ghenyasathi keval lashkarakade purese karmchari aanee sansadhane aahet.
yojanecha vikas.
komarne assa yuktivad keela qee johnsonla havey asalele shantatapurn yash keval teen kaame ektrit karoon sadhya kele jaau shakate. shantata prasthapit karnyasathi pahili aanee sarvat moolbhut garaj suraksha hotee, kaaran grameen loksankhyela vee. see. aanee pavanapasoon vegale thevave lagat hote. jarr heey sadhya jhaale tarr bandkhoranchya sainyala loksankhyetil tyanchya payabhoot suvidha nasht karoon aanee dakshin vhietnami sarkar aanee americebaddal lokanchi sahanubhooti midvinyasathi karyakram vikasit karoon kamkuvat karave lagale.ess. shakti. komarne jore dilela tisra muddah assa hota qee, toparyant jeey chalale hote, teey nirnayak yuddhat badalanyasathi naveen ranniti mothya pramanavar lagoo karavi lagali.
sanghatanatmakdrushtya, yaa uddishtansathi prayatna ekach aadeshakhali kendrit karane aavashyak hote. komarchya matey, fakt yuu.ess. mothya pramanavar shantata yojana amalat aananyasathi sainyakade sansadhane aanee karmchari hote. suruvatichya aarakshananantar, westmorelandne yaa yojneshi sahmati darshavali, parantu nagri sansthanni tarihi nakar deela. johnsonne tyanna raddabatal tharavale aanee 9 meey 1967 roji dorr tayar karnyat aale. comer yanchi westmorelandchya teen upasenapatinpaiki eka mhanoon rajdoot aanee teen tarankit senapatichya samatulya padasah niyukti karnyat aalee. tumchyat hii pahilich vel hotee.ess. ekhadya rajdutacha lashkari aadeshakhali seva karnyacha aanee tyala lashkari karmchari aanee sansadhananvar adhikar denyat aalyacha itihas.
komarne eka lashkari adhikari aapala upadhikshak mhanoon nivadala aanee ektar lashkari upadhisasah dorkhandachya pratyek ghatakacha prabhari nagri asanyacha kinwa, paryayane, nagri upadhisasah lashkari senapati asanyacha namuna punha keela. tyane vhietanammadhil serve vaividhyapurn shantata aanee nagri vyavhar karyakram-lashkari aanee nagri-dorkhandanchya adhikarakhali ektrit kele. 4, 980 karmchanyanpasun suru houn, taranchya kamkajachya pahilya sahaa mahinyant 8,327 karmchanyanparyant vistar jhaala. 1968 saalee, serve 44 prantanmadhye dorr kaam karat hote aanee akheris dakshin vhietanamchya serve 250 jilhyanmadhye kaam karat hote. dorkhandatil sumare 85 takke karmchari lashkari hote, tarr urvarit nagrik hote. pratyek prantache netrutva vhietnami prantacha pramukh karat asey, sahasa curnell, jyala american prantiy varishtha sallagarancha pathimba hota. sallagaranchya karmchanyanchi vibhagani nagri bhagat karnyat aalee hotee, jeey kshetra aanee samudayik vikasavar dekhrekh thevat hote aanee lashkari bhagat jeey suraksheche mudde hatalat hote.
sanghatana aanee karya.
corps staravar (i, II, III aanee IV corps) cordchi sanghatana sayganmadhil mukhyalay sansthesarkhich hotee. teen tarankit senapati pratyek tukadiche netrutva karat asato, jyamadhye dorkhandansathicha eka upasenapati asato, sahasa eka nagri. pratyek dalamadhye, serve 44 dakshin vhietnami prantanche netrutva sthanik prant pramukh karat asat, samanyatah eka aarvan lashkari curnell, jyala american prantacha varishtha sallagar, ektar lashkari kinwa nagri, yancha pathimba hota. prant sallagaranchya karmchanyanchi vibhagani nagri bhagat karnyat aalee hotee, jeey kshetra aanee samudayik vikasavar dekhrekh thevat hote aanee lashkari bhagat, jeey vhietnami lokanna suraksha mohimanmadhye madat karat hote.
dorkhandanni tumchyavar laksh kendrit kele.ess. suraksha, kendrikrut niyojan aanee vhee. see. viruddhachya mohima yaa teen vyapak kshetranmadhye shantata prasthapit karnyachya vhietnami prayatnanna pathimba. komarne yoochi sankhya zapatyane vadhavali.ess. 141 teey 2,331 paryant pradeshik aanee lokpriy dalanna (aar. eff./pii. eff.) sallah denanya firatya sallagar pathkansathi niyukt kelele lashkari sallagar. sallagaranni aar. eff./pii. eff. laa prashikshan aanee adhik changli shastre puravali aanee dakshin vhietnami sarkarne tyanchi sankhya 1967 madheel 300,000 varoon 1972 madhye 517,400 paryant vadhavali. dorkhandanni rashtriy polisancha 60,000 teey 80,000 paryant vistar karnyas dekhil madat kelee. cordney dakshin vhietanamcha pathimba aanee chiuu hoee karyakramachi amalbajavani (vhee. see. aanee pavanmadhil pakshantar karnanyanna protsahan dene), grameen vikas karyakram aanee yuddhatoon qamee nirvasit nirman karane aanee nirvasit banalelyanchi adhik changli kalji ghenyavar dekhil bharr deela.
deshatil bahutansh gavanmadhye pasarlelya vhee. see. chya rajkiy aanee aadharbhut suvidhancha naash karane heey doranche pramukh pradhanya hote. phoenix karyakram haah dorkhandancha sarvat vadgrast upkram hota. satshe american sallagaranni dakshin vhietnami sarkarla vhee. see. payabhoot suvidhanchya sadasyanchi olakh patavanyat, tyanna pakadanyat, prayatna karnyat, turungat taknyat aanee anekada tyanna fashi denyat madat kelee. 1968 aanee 1972 chya darmyan, phoenix karyakramane, dorkhandanchya aakadevarinusar, 81,740 vee. see. laa nishprabhavi kele, jyapaiki 26,369 marle gele. tyapaiki 87 takke mrutyu dakshin vietnam aanee amerikechya paramparik lashkari karvayanmule jhaale.ess.urvaritanna fashi denyat aalee aanee tikakaranchya matey, teey anekada nirdosh kinwa aaa-ladhvayye hote aanee tyanchi hatya 'death squaud' dware kelee gelee."
tett aanee tyache parinam.
24 janewari 1968 roji komarne ishara deela qee "vaayaat kahitari aahe."saat divasannantar vhee. see. aanee pavan yanni tett aakraman suru kele. tetane grameen bhagat saigan sarkarchi upasthiti kamkuvat kelee, jyala dorkhandanni madat kelee hotee. aar. eff./pii. eff. neey shahar aanee shaharanchya sanrakshanasathi kahee bhagatil grameen bhag sodoon dile, jyat 6,500 hoon adhik lock mrutyumukhi padale, jyat parvasasah. tett haah eka lashkari vijay hota parantu dakshin vietnam aanee tyachya american mitra deshansathi eka mansik parabhav hota, parantu mothya pramanat jhalelya vhietanamchya jivitahanimule dakshin vhietanamache adhikari aanee dorkhand grameen bhagat lavkar paratanyas madat jhaali. prakalp punarprapti grameen rahivashanna ann aanee bandhkam sahityache vitaran karate aanee shahare aanee shaharanmadhil punarbandhanichya prayatnanmadhye dorkhandancha samavesh karate. meey 1968 paryant, tulanene surakshit vastyanmadhye rahana grameen loksankhyene 67 takkyanchya purv-patali gathali hotee. rajdoot elsworth bunker, see. aay. aii. chey adhikrut william colby, komarche uttaradhikari aanee mcveache naveen pramukh, general creiton abrams yanni dakshin vhietnami sarkarla vegwan shantata karyakram suru karnyasathi patvoon dile. 1968 madhye tett aanee tyanantarchya hallyandarmyan vhee. see. aanee pavan yanna jhalelya jivitahanimule dorkhandanna grameen bhagatil tyanche karyakram balkat karnyas saksham kele.
dorkhandanche moolyankan.
februwari 1970 madhye, johnn paul vanne, 4 corps kshetrache (cygonchya dakshinekadil maycong nadicha tribhuj pradesh) cord pramukh, yanni amerikechya sinetala shantata prasthapit karnyababat aashavadi pragati ahwal deela. vanchya matey, 1961 nantar prathamach, IV corpsmadhye ekhadi vyakti 16 prantiy rajdhanyanpaiki konatyahi thikani sashastr anurakshanavina divasachya velee vahan chalvu shakat hotee. IV corpsmadhye rahana 60 laakh lokanpaiki 800,000 peksha qamee lock pratispardhi kinwa VC-niyantrit bhagat hote. 30, 000 vhee. see. chiu hoee karyakramantargat pakshantar jhaale hote. 1969 saalee nirvasitanchi sankhya 220,000 varoon 35,000 peksha qamee jhaali hotee aanee tandalache utpadan jawalpas 25 takkyanni vadhale hote. wann, lashkaratoon leftnunt mhanoon nivrutt jhalyanantar eka nagri. karnalchya netrutvakhali 234 american nagri aanee 2,138 lashkari sallagar hote. dalachya parisaratil 300,000 hoon adhik sashastr vhietnami sainik, nagri sainya aanee polisanna dorkhandadware sallah aanee madat kelee jaat hotee.
dakshin vhietanammadhil vhee. see. chya shetkari-aadharit maovadi bandkhoricha samna karnyasathi dorkhandanchi rachana karnyat aalee hotee. "vietnam yuddhachya vidambananpaiki eka mhanje dakshinet rujalelya bandkhorine tumhala prerit kele.ess. shevatchya mejar yuu paryant, jaree konatyahi prakare nasht jhaale nasale taree, pahilya thikani lashkari hastakshep lakshaniyaritya shant jhaala.ess. jaminivaril ladhau sainya dakshin vhietanamahun nighun gele."1969 pasoon 1972 chya suruvatiparyantchya varshanmadhye, tett darmyan ulatya jhalelya varshannantar, sampoorn dakshin vhietanammadhye loksankhya surakshitatet akhand laabh jhaala aanee vhee. see. chee aanakhi dhoop jhaali. 1972 aanee 1975 chya samyavadi hallyanmadhye vhee. see. chee keval eka kirkol bhoomika hotee, tyanantarchya hallyacha parinam uttar vhietanamchya paramparik lashkari dalanni dakshin vhietnamvar vijay midvanyat jhaala.
yuddh dakshin aanee uttar vhietanamchya paramparik lashkari dalanvar adhik avalambun rahilyane, dorkhandakhali shantata qamee prasangik jhaali. yu. chya vhietanammadhun maghar ghetalyanantar.ess. februwari 1973 madhye lashkari dall aanee anek nagri karmchari, dorkhand sampushtat aale.
dorkhand anek prakare yashasvi jhaale. karyakramane yu yashasviritya samakalit kele.ess. dakshin vhietanammadhil bandkhoricha parabhav karnyasathi lashkari aanee nagri prayatna. yuu. aii. madheel sanvad aanee sahkarya.ess. aanee dakshin vhietnami sarkar sudharle; dorkhandanni shantata prasthapit karnyachya purvichya anek ayashasvi prayatnanna punarujjivit kele; dorkhand nete comer aanee colby yanni deshachya anek bhaganmadhye vhiet kongchya dirghkal chalalelya pramukhatela aavhan denyasathi dakshin vietnamla grameen bhagat aakraman karnyas pravrutt kele; aanee dorkhandancha dakshin vietnam sarkarla bhrasht aanee aksham adhikadhyanchya jaagi aananyache patvoon denyacha kahee parinam jhaala.
tathapi, dorkhand shantata karyakram "dakshin vhietnami sarkarchya yojana aanee karyakramanchi sadosh amalbajavani, tyacha sarvavyapi bhrashtachar kinwa eka majboot, swayampurn rajkiy paya vikasit karnyatil asamarthatevar maat karoo shakale naheet."yuddhachya parinamachya prakashat, dorkhandanche sansthapak comer yanni shantatechya antim apayashache shrey" "khoop qamee, khoop usheer" "asey dile". richard huntney 'pacification daad american struggle phaur vietnam' sha harts andd minds 'yaa tyanchya pustakat ashach prakare nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee,' pacification samarthakanna aasha hotee qee yamule dakshin vhietanammadhye moolbhut parivartan hoil. parantu jaree too badal jhaala asata, taree bahudha khoop vel lagla asata aanee konatyahi paristhitit american lokancha sanyam sampushtat aala asata, jyamule americetil rajkiy pathimba apariharyapane qamee jhaala asata."