phrank kingdon

phrank kingdon heey ingerjit janmalele american patrakar, karyakarte aanee shaikshanik prashasak hote. kingdon heey aapatkalin bachav samitiche pahile adhyaksh hote, jyanni sumare 2,000 lokanna holocostmadhun vachavale. tyanni daan mahavidhyalay aanee newark vidyapithache (aata rutgers) adhyaksh mhanoonahi kaam kele. kingdon heey nagri hakkanche vakeel, newyork postasathi stambhalekhak, mantri, redio bhashyakar aanee amerikechya purogami nagarikanche saha-adhyaksh dekhil hote.
1912 madhye vayachya sataravya varshi too ektach americet aala aanee tyala paddhatvadi charchcha mantri mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. chaar varshannantar tyanchi massatucets hulchya padarigruhat badali jhaali. yaa hastantaranamule tyanna tyanche shikshan suru thevane shakya jhaale. huul, east waymouth aanee boston yetheel tyachya padrinchya kalat tyane eka padd kamavale.buub. boston vidyapithatun padvi ghetali aanee harvard yethe tattvadnyan aanee dharm yaa vishayat kaam kartana jacob sleeper fellowship midavali. 1925 madhye tyanni lancing, mishigan yaa madhyavarti churchche padripad sweekarle. mishiganmadhye asatana tyanni mishigan rajya mahavidhyalayat samajik manasshastrat padvi ghetali aanee dii. padvi prapt kelee.dii. albian mahavidhyalayatun.
1922 madhye kingdon nyu jarsichya east aurengemadheel calvery churchche padri banale. aktoobar 1934 madhye tyanni newark yetheel daana mahavidhyalayache adhyakshapad swikaranyasathi yaa dharmopadeshak mandalacha rajinama deela, jeey nantar newark vidyapith sthapan karnyasathi itar newark sansthanmadhye villin karnyat aale. kingdon vidyapithache pahile adhyaksh jhaale. teey newark samudayachya chestche mohimeche adhyaksh aanee newark kalyan mahasanghache adhyaksh teen varshe hote. lokshahicha arth lavnyasathi aanee lokshahivirodhi shaktinpasun sanrakshn karnyasathi united statesmadhye karyarat asalelya serve sansthanna madat karnyasathi swatahla samarpit karnyasathi kingdanne juuna 1940 madhye newark vidyapithachya adhyakshapadacha rajinama deela.
yaa mahayuddhadarmyan tyanni aapatkalin bachav samitiche pahile adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele, jyanni nazi niyantrit vichee francemadhye varian fry pathavun done teey chaar hazar nazi virodhi aanee jyoo nirvasitanna holocostmadhun vachavanyat madat kelee. tyanni tyanchya sansthechya kalat nagri sanrakshn karyalayat vishesh sallagar mhanoon, european mulanchya dekhbhalisathichya united states samitichya karyakari samitiche sadasya mhanoon aanee newyork shaharatil nirvasit shikshan samitichya karyakari samitiche adhyaksh mhanoonahi kaam kele. teey newyorkmadheel tauun hallmadhye, virginia vidyapithachya sarvajanik vyavhar sansthet aanee vilyamstaun institute auph human relationsmadhye vishesh vyakhyate rahile aahet. phrank kingdon heey 1930 aanee 1940 chya dashakat doubleu. emm. see. aii. (aii. emm.) yethe vrutt-tippanicha dainandin karyakram asalele eka suprasiddha redio bhashyakar hote..
yaa mahayuddhanantar aanee 1944 chya adhyakshiy tikitavar samaan hakkanche vakeel heinry wallace yanna prasiddha varnadveshi aanee gatvad samarthak harry ess. chya bajoone sodoon dile. truman. kingdanne democratic paksh sodala aanee amerikechya purogami nagarikanche saha-adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. kingdanne 1947 madhye gut sodala kaaran tyanna vatale qee heinry wallachi adhyakshapadasathichi truteey-pakshiy sharyat vyarth tharel. 1950 chya uttaradhat michael gorsobat tyanni 'daad american selsman' navache prakashan suru kele, jeey vikri, jahirat, prachar, vipanan aanee vyaparikaran yaa vishayanvaril kalpana aanee tantransah eka digest-type masik aahe.
tyanni 'humanie dharm', 1930; 'vhen haaf gods goo', 1933; jersey jods daad story auph daad cranberry cases (1940); 'life auph johnn cotton daana', '1940;' 1776 aanee aaj ', 1941;' aamche dusare swatantryayuddha ', 1942;' jacobs ladder ', 1943;' daad mann inn daad white haus ', 1944;' eka asamanya manusah kinwa, heinry wallace aanee 6 kotee kotee ', 1945, aanee' architects auph daad republic ', 1947 yasah anek pustake lihili.
aapatkalin bachav samitee.
1936 madhye reinhold nibuharne 'american friends auph german friedam' (aii. eff. jee. eff.) navachya anaupacharik sanghatanechi sthapana kelee, jyache uddisht 'german lokshahila eka naveen sandhee deil asha shantatecha marg' tayar karane heey hote. juuna 1940 madhye france nazi germanychya tabyat gela. 22 juuna 1940 chya yuddhaviramane francemadhye paloon gelelya konatyahi german nirvasitanchya maganinusar frenchanna sharan yenyache aavahan kele. yanantar aii. eff. jee. eff. neey 25 juuna 1940 roji hottel commodore yethe mothya pramanat nidhi ubharaniche duparche jevan aayojit kele. lunch kingdonche adhyakshapad bhushavat naveen sanstheche adhyaksh jhaale aanee aupcharik honyasathi andaje 3 aathvade lagale. eae. aar. see. neey newyork shaharatil channin imaratimadhye aapali karyalaye sthapan kelee.
aapatkalin bachav samitichya mool mool heey samavisht hoteh
samiteeh
tyanantar operation karnyasathi atlantic olandun pathvanyasathi pratinidhi shodhane heey eae. aar. see. chey pahile kaam hote. dusare kaam mhanje gambhir dhokyat asalelya pradhanya nirvasitanchi yadee tayar karane. jeey aadhich prasiddha hote, jase qee prasiddha lekhak, kalakar, sangitkar aanee prasiddha buddhijivi, yaa doghanchi nivad pratham jhaali kaaran tyanchya kuprasiddhine tyanna dhokyat takale, parantu teey samitila mahit hote mhanoon dekhil. thomas mann yanni lekhak aanee kavinchi yadee tayar kelee. aadhunik qalaa sangrahalayachya alfried barne kalakaranchi yadee sadar kelee; max askoline italian facistvirodhi lokanchi nave dilee; zaan masarikne check nirvasitanna samavisht kele; alvarez dell vayo aanee joseph buttingerne spanish facistvirodhi lokanna samavisht kele; alwin sonders johnsonne buddhijivi, shastradnya aanee sangitkaranna soochibaddha kele; jacks maritain aanee jewels roman yanni sahitya kshetrat adhik nave dilee. communist sahanubhooti asalelya umedvaracha ekmev apatra. ekada nirvasitanchya rajkiy sanlagnatechi padtalani jhaali qee, gut tyanchya bachavasathi $300-$350 vatap karel.
14 august 1940 roji hotelchya rajdutakade eae. aar. see. chey pahile adhikrut duparche jevan aayojit karnyat aale hote, jyat $4,526 (2022 dollarmadhe $94,525) kinwa sumare 15 nirvasitanna vachavanyasathi purese hote. vaktyanmadhye musolini carlo sphorzacha rajkiy virodhak, jenviv tabois, elmer davis aanee arthatach phrank kingdon yancha samavesh hota. december 1941 paryant eae. aar. see. neey 215,000 dollarspeksha jaast rakkam ubharali aanee 1941 chya akheris jawaljawal eka hazar lokanna parat aanale. marcelimadhil hottel bhavyatetun sthit asalelya eae. aar. see. neey europemadhye francechya varian frychya netrutvakhalil nirvasitanna aarthik sahayya aanee visa pradan kele. 1940-1941 madheel bahutek deshanni aaplya seema bund kelya asalyane heey iaarsisathi eka mothe aavhan hote.
europemadhye varian fry aanee yaa prayatnasathi nidhi puravanyasathi puresha paishanmule eae. aar. see. laa bhedasavanari mothee samasya visa milane hii jhaali. kingdonla eleanor roozveltcha pathimba midala hota, parantu steet department visa heey rajya breakinridge longchya yahudivirodhi sahayyak sachivanchya niyantranakhali hote. varian fryche karname aanee vichee kayadyala virodh haah muddah pudhe nenyasathi, fryney visa midvanyasathi pararashtra vibhagavar adhik dabav aananyacha yuktivad keela, tarr reinhold nibuharsarkhya ercchya samarthakanni tyala rajvat karnyasathi bolavale kaaran too ercchya sampoorn mohimes dhoka nirman karnara asalyache manale jaat hote. rajya vibhagavar dabav taknyasathi swatahla adhik karyaksham netrutva denyachi magani varian fry karato. paradeshi pratinidhi jeey elon aanee europemadhil eae. aar. see. chya sadasyanni kingdonvar talanyache kaam parat bolavanyacha dabav aanala. europemadhil vibhagani spasht hott asatana, paradeshat aanee deshantargat dabavamule kingdanne rajya karnyacha prayatna karnari aanee akheris tyachya paratanyachi magani karnari patranchi malika pathavali.
akheris, vichee polisanni tyala palat thewali aanee 2 november 1941 roji newyorkla parat yetana september 1941 madhye tyala francemadhun hakaloon dile. jeey elanane frychi jaaga ghetali parantu khoop jaast laksh vedhale gele aanee tyala kabja kelelya francemadhil nazi nazi atak kelee aanee chaar mahine tabyat thewale. 7 december 1941 roji japani lokanni motee bandaravar hallah keela aanee 11 decemberparyant germanyne nazi europemadhun sumare 2,000 nirvasitanchi sutka karoon ghetalele eae. aar. see. chey mission prabhavipane sampushtat aanat amerikaviruddhachya yuddhat pravesh keela.
aantarrashtriy bachav samitee.
kingdanne 5 februwari 1942 roji ghoshana kelee qee erc aantarrashtriy madat sansthet (iira) villin hoil kaaran 1942 madhye gestapone tyala atak kareparyant iira karel sternbergchya antargat kaam karat rahili hotee. ircche dhyey rakhanyasathi serve "trasdayak" sadasyanna naveen sansthetun kadhoon taknyat aale jyat kingdon swatah tasech talane samavisht hote.
dusare mahayuddha.
hitlerchya mean campufchya prabhavashi ladhanyasathi kaam karnare kingdon heey 8 teey 14 december 1941 yaa kalavadhit 'baibal saptah' ghoshit karnare 200 pramukh american nagarikanchya prayojakatekhalil samanya baibal sanghataneche manad sansthapak aanee adhyaksh dekhil hote. baibal sanghatanela 10 december roji white hausala bhet denyas aanee 7 december 1941 roji white hausachya bhetichya kahee divas aadhi rashtriy rediovar baibal vachanyas sanganyat aale hote. motee bandaravaril hallyamule kingdanne swechhene white hausala dilele nimantran mage ghetale aanee khaleel taar rashtradhyaksh roozvelt yanna pathavalih
"rashtriy sankatachya yaa velee, sampoorn desh tumchyakade margadarshan aanee netrutvasathi pahat asatana, americetil pahila varshik baibal saptah prayojit karnari samanya lokanchi rashtriy samitee, budhwari 10 december roji tumhala bhetanar aahe, yaa mahattvachya ghatanechya smaranarth tumhala eka pavitra baibal sadar karnyasathi, tumhala tumhala anek samasyancha vichar karoon tyaa visheshadhikarala maaf qaraa. yaa mothya aanibanit dev tumhala aashirvad devo aanee margadarshan kareel. tumchya margdarshanakhali swatantrya aanee nyay yaa pruthvivarun nasht houu naye yasathi prathna karnyasathi aanee yaa deshatil lokanna ekatra yenyasathi aanee devavaril vishvasavar thaam rahnyasathi aanee prathna karnyasathi hii sanstha aaplya samarthyanusar sarvkahi karel yachee khatri balga."
tathapi, american janatela dilasa denyasathi teey ajunahi aun air baibal vachtil qaa, asey vicharnara eka phone coll samanya baibal sanghatanela aala. swatah eleanor roozvelt yanna heey mahattvache vatale qee kingdonchya netrutvakhalil pahilya varshik rashtriy baibal aathvadyachya suruvatila yuddh suru jhaale. 
yuddhadarmyan 1942 chya suruvatila phrank kingdon yanna aapatkalin vyavasthapan karyalayane yuddh prayatnansathi pravakte mhanoon niyukt kele hote. yaa padasathi eff. bii. aay. neey tyanchi chaukashi kelee aanee tyanna samyavadvirodhi aadhalale. 1942 chya madhyat kingdanne doubleu. emm. see. aii. (aii. emm.) varr naveen bhashyakar mhanoon eka padd suru kele. janewari 1942 paryant kingdon lokshahichya kamgirichya drushtine jaagtik batmyanvar aathvadyachya divashi karyakram aayojit karnar hota. ravivari sakali aathvadyachya karyakramancha aadhava ghenyasathi redio station warney dekhil tyanna niyukt kele hote. kingdon heey eka mantri mhanoon prasiddha sarvajanik vakta hote, jyanni lahan vayatach suruvat kelee, jithe teey londonmadhye tyanchya aaichya dekharekhikhali rastyachya rastyachya pravachan dett asat. yamule tyachya rediomadhil praveshala changla fayda jhaala. kingdanne 1943 madhye tyache aatmcharitra 'jacobs ladder' prakashit kele. 1944 madhye, kingdonla newyork postmadhye tyachya yogdanachi prashansa kartana dakhavale gele. postne nondavale qee tyanchi udarmatvadi matey puranmatvadyanmadhye lokpriy navhati aanee aus unn-american samitee (daad dias kamitee) kingdonla samyavadi sadhan mhanoon chitrit karat hotee. radiovaril tyanchya yuddh prayatnansathi aanee utkrusht udarmatvadi bhashyasathi tyanna vruttapatranchya gildcha 'pages vann puraskar' midala. rashtradhyaksh ruzvelt yanchya punarnirvachanesathi madat karnyasathi lihilelya tyanchya 'daad mann inn daad white haus' yaa yaa pustakachya 100,000 pratee vikalya gelya. rashtradhyaksh roozvelt yanni nyu jarsimadhye sinetchya jagesathi kingdonla pathimba denyachihi tayari darshavali, parantu kingdon nyu jarsichya rajkiy phrank hegshi karar karoo shakale naheet aanee tyamule tyanni padasathi naan ladhanyacha nirnay ghetala.
yuddhanantar.
asey mhatale jaate qee kingdon swatahla itar serve goshtinpeksha tattvanishth manus manat asey. 1947 paryant kinganchya redio bhashananmule tyachya adhik vadgrast matanpasoon maghar ghenyas nakar dilyane puranmatvadi diggajanchya gatancha santap aanee mrutyu samiticha dabav nirman jhaala. kingdanne tyachya redio karyakramanvar uchch manankan kayam thewale asatana anek prayojakanni maghar ghetali aanee donhi redio kendranni tyala kadhoon takale. takale unhalyat, kingdon yanna newyork postasathi sampadakiy prushth stambhalekhak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, jithe tyanni 1952 paryant 'spasht bolanyasathi' swatacha stambh lihila. postvaril tyanchya pahilya stambhanpaiki eka stambhat tyanni adhyaksh truman aanee eff. bii. aay. chey sanchalak jeey. tyanchya asanvaidhanik nishtha mandalanvar edgar hoover karatat jyanna federal federal yaa avishvasasathi kadhoon taknyacha adhikar hota. jevha hooverne eff. bii. aay. vareel vishvas qamee kelyabaddal kingdonla tond denare patra pathavale tevha kingdanne vaiyaktikaritya naraj jhalyabaddal padada ghatala aanee tyala uttar dile qee tyala vatate qee nishtha mandale haah nagri swatantryanvar hallah aahe. asha prakare newyork poost kingdon yetheel tyachya urvarit karkirdit eff. bii. aay. chya dekharekhikhali too sapadala.
kingdon yanni rashtradhyaksh harry ess. nagri swatantryanvar trumanche halle aanee tyachya ghoshit varnadveshamule lokshahi paksh heinry wallachya purogami pakshacha muddah uchaloo shakala. alfried drake, paul robson aanee abhineta aanee bhavee adhyaksh ronald rigan yanchyasarkhya itar prasiddha karyakartyansamvet tyanni tyanchya vatine sabhanna hajeri lavali, 'heinry wallace andd 60 million jobbs' heey pustak lihile aanee nyu jarsimadhye sinetchya jagesathi nivadanuk ladhavanyasathi arj keela. matra, tyanche purogami pakshashi matbhed jhaale aanee tyanni aapala pathimba mage ghetala.
kingdon heey israyalache suruvatiche vakeel dekhil hote, jeey anekada united jyoo apeal eventsmadhye bolat asat. sanyukt vitaran samiteene kingdonla december 1948 madhye american kshetratil nirvasit shibiranna bhet denyasathi germanyla jaanyas sangitale. tyachya rajkaranamule pararashtra vibhagane tyala visa nakarla. tathapi, tyachi naat jeal dempasichya matey jyoo samudayane kingdonla sweekarle aanee tyaa badalyat tyane israyalache naveen rajya sthapan karnyasathi paise gola karnyasathi samudayasathi bolanyache suru thewale. 
1952 madhye mccarthitechya dabavamule dolly shifney kingdonla newyork postmadhun kadhoon takale. vayachya 57 vya varshi kingdonla eff. bii. aay. neey swatahla kalya yadeet takale aanee too udhyogat kaam shodhanyat asamarth tharala. 1963 madhye kingdoncha nagri hakkanmadhye satat sahbhag aanee naacp kayadeshir sanrakshn aanee shaikshanik nidhichya samarthanarth "100 chya samitee" madheel sadasyatvabaddal eff. bii. aay. chaa shevatcha ahwal hota. tyane tyachya varshancha uttarardh naveen shalet aanee swatantra sabhasthanat, tasech kahee bhutalekhanamadhye vyakhyane detana ghalavala. naveen shalene manhattenmadhil manhattenmadhil rastyavaril imarativaril vyakhyan sabhagruhalahi naav dile. dutch pratirodhatil madatisathi 1946 madhye denmarkchya rajane kingdonla khristi padak deuun nitechi padvihi dilee. tyanni anek varshe khrishchan aanee jyoo lokanchya parishadet kaam kele aanee united jyoo apeelala pathimba deela.

