1989 spanish sarvatrik nivadanuka

1989 saalee spainchya rajyachya chauthya cortes generalchi nivad karnyasathi 29 aktoobar 1989 roji ravivari spanish sarvatrik nivadanuk ghenyat aalee. khasdaranchya congressmadhil serve 350 jaaga tasech cinetmadhil 254 paiki 208 jaaga nivadanukisathi hotya. 28 julai 1990 paryant nivadanuka honar navhatya, parantu pantpradhan felip gonzalez yanni kathor aarthik upayayojananchi amalbajavani karnyachya garjevar, niyojit velechya nauu mahine aadhi purvaniyojit nivadanuka ghenyache aavahan kele. junmadhye jhalelya european sansadechya nivadanukit, tyanchya sarkarchya aarthik dhoranavar samajik nishedh vadhalyanantar aanee 1988 madhye mothya pramanavar sump pukarlyanantar, ajunahi majboot asaleli arthvyavastha aanee tyanchya pakshachya nivadanuk yashacha fayda uthavanyachi aasha gonzalez yanna hotee.
hii nivadanuk spainchya lokshahi itihasatil sarvat vadgrast nivadanukanpaiki eka manali jaat hotee. anek matdarsanghanmadhil nikatche nikal, nivadanuk nondanichya aakadevaritil gambhir truti, nivadanuk prashasanachi akaryaksham rachana aanee sattadhari spanish samajvadi kamgar paksh (pii. ess. oo. eae.) aanee virodhi pakshanmadhil samajvadi bahumatavarun chaloo asalela rajkiy sangharsh, yamule eka motha ghotala jhaala, jevha anek matdarsanghanmadhil nivadanukanche nikal aniyamitata aanee fasavanukichya aaropakhali ladhavanyat aale. murtia, pontevedra aanee melila yaa jagansathi potnivadanukiche nirnay gheuun nyayik nyayalayanna hastakshep karnyas bhag padale gele. yaa muddyavar spainchya ghatanatmak nyayalayat apeal karnyat aale, jyane mageel nirnayanna fetalale aanee 25 march 1990 roji naveen nivadanuk houn keval melilamadhye matdanala manyata dilee. shevati, peaples partyne (peepi) vadgrast jaaga jinkley, jyamule congressmadhil 176 vya jagepasoon aanee bahumatapasun vanchit rahile.
yaa nivadanukit vidyaman samajvadi pakshanna pranalitoon lokpriy samarthanat ghat jhaali, jyanni tarihi nirnayak vijay midavala aanee punha sarvat motha paksh mhanoon udayas aale. parinami, felip gonzalez canarian swatantra gatanchya (aii. aay. see.) aatmavishvas aanee purvathyasah salag salag karyakalasathi punha nivadoon yeu shakale. jose maria aznar yanchya netrutvakhali navyane ektrit jhalelya pii. pii. neey suruvatichya apeksha olandalya aanee juuna european sansadechya nivadanukipeksha changli kamgiri kartana 1986 chya lokanchya aaghadichya nikalat kinchit sudharana kelee. julio engitachya davya vicharsaranichya united left (aay. yuu.) yaa aaghadine aaghadine ekoon sankhyechya duppat karoon ullekhaneey yash midavale, tarr edolpho suarezche lokshahi aanee samajik kendra (see. dii. ess.) sarkari paryay bananyachya tyachya dhyeyachya mage padale aanee matey aanee jaaga gamavalya.
vihangavalokan.
nivadanuk pranali.
spanish corts generalschi kalpana eka apoorn dwikamar pranali mhanoon kelee gelee hotee. pratinidhi parishadela sinetpeksha adhik vidhimandal adhikar hote, jyat vishvasadarshak mutt denyachi kinwa pantpradhanankadun too mage ghenyachi aanee sinetchya votover purn bahumatane maat karanyachi kshamata hotee. tathapi, sinetchi kahee vishesh (tarihi maryadit sankhya) karye hotee-udaharanarth ghatanatmak durustitil tyachi bhoomika-jee congresschya adhirodhachya adheen navhati. corts generalsathi matdan heey sarvatrik matadhikaravar aadharit hote, jyamadhye 18 varshanvaril serve nagarikancha samavesh hota aanee tyanchya rajkiy adhikarancha purn anand ghet hote.
pratinidhinchya kongresasathi, dii 'hondt paddhat aanee bund yadee pramanbaddh pratinidhitva vaparoon, pratyek matdarsanghat lagoo kelya manalya vaidh matanchya teen takke matdar maryadesah-jyat rikt matpatrakancha samavesh hota-328 jaaga nivadoon aalya. spainchya prantanshi sambandhit matdarsanghanna jaaga vatap karnyat aalya, pratyekas prarambhik kiman done jaaga vatap karnyat aalya aanee urvarit 248 jaaga tyanchya loksankhyechya pramanat vitarit kelya gelya. seuta aanee melila yanna urvarit done jaaga denyat aalya, jyaa bahusankhyak matdanacha vapar karoon nivadalya gelya. dii 'hondt paddhaticha vapar kelyas jilhyachya parimananusar uchch prabhavi maryada yeu shakate.
vareel vatpacha parinam mhanoon, pratyek congress bahu-sadasya matdarsanghala khaleel jaaga milanyacha haqq hotah
sinetsathi, 208 jaaga khulya yadichya aanshik gut matdan pranalicha vapar karoon nivadalya gelya, jyat matdar pakshanaivaji vaiyaktik umedvaranna matdan karatat. chaar jaaga nivadalelya matdarsanghanmadhye, matdar teen umedvaranna matdan karoo shakatat; done kinwa teen jaaga asalelyanmadhye, done umedvaransathi; aanee eka sadasya asalelya jilhyanmadhye eka umedvarasathi. 47 dweepkalpiy prantanpaiki pratyekala chaar jaaga denyat aalya hotya, tarr balleric aanee cannery betansarkhya dweepkalpiy prantansathi, jilhe swatach bete hotee, jyat mothe-majorka, gran canaria aanee tenerife-pratyeki teen jaaga vatap karnyat aalya hotya aanee lahan-menorca, ibiza-formentera, fuerteventura, laa gomera, ell hyro, lanzarot aanee laa palma-pratyeki eka. seuta aanee melilane pratyeki done jaaga nivadoon dilya. yavyatirikt, swayatt samuday pratyeki kiman eka senatorchi niyukti karoo shakat hote aanee pratyek daha laakh loksankhyemage eka atirikt sinetara milanyacha tyanna haqq hota.
nivadanukichi tarikh.
cortes generalchya pratyek mandalacha-congress aanee sinetcha-karyakal tyanchya mageel nivadanukipasun chaar varshanni sampushtat aala, joparyant teey aadhi visarjit kele gele naheet. pantpradhananni lavkar visarjit karnyachya tyanchya visheshadhikarancha vapar keela nahee, tarr kortanchi mudat sampanyachya tarkhechya panchvisavya divasapurvi nivadanuk aadesh jaaree karane aavashyak hote. hote divashi adhikrut rajya rajpatrat (bii. oo. eae.) haah aadesh prakashit honar hota, jyachya prakashanachya prakashanachya teey teey divashi nivadanukicha divas hota. mageel nivadanuk 22 juuna 1986 roji jhaali hotee, jyacha arth assa hota qee vidhimandalachi mudat 22 juuna 1990 roji sampel. nivadanuk aadesh 29 meey 1990 chya nantar boow madhye prakashit karane aavashyak hote, nivadanuka prakashanachya sathavya divashi hott hotya, jyamule corts generalsasathichi sambhavya navintam nivadanuk tarikh shaniwari, 28 julai 1990 roji nishchit kelee gelee.
konatyahi velee donhi sabhagruh sanyuktapane kinwa swatantrapane visarjit karnyacha aanee avishvas prastav prakriyadhin nasalyachi, aanibanichi sthitee lagoo nasalyachi aanee mageel sabhagruhapasun eka varsh ulatanyapurvi visarjit naan honyacha, mudatpurv nivadanuk bolavanyacha visheshadhikar pantpradhananna hota. yavyatirikt, donhi sabhagruh visarjit kele jayache aanee pahilya matpatrikepasun done mahinyanchya kalavadhit pantpradhan nivadanyat guntavanuk prakriya ayashasvi jhalyas naveen nivadanuk bolavanyat aalee. haah apavad vagalalyas, congress aanee sinetsathi ekach velee nivadanuka ghenyachi ghatanatmak aavashyakta navhati. tarihi, 1978 chya sanvidhananusar swatantra nivadanuka ghenyache konatehi udaharan nahee.
december 1988 madheel sarvasadharan sampanantar, ess. oo. eae. sarkarchya virodhkankadun purvaniyojit nivadanukisathi dabav aanala jaat asatana, 1989 chya european sansadechya nivadanukit ess. oo. eae. chey yash, junmadhye european unionchya parishadeche spanish rotational adhyakshapad sampeparyant aanee varshachya akheris kathor aarthik upayayojananchi garaj bhasali toparyant pantpradhan felip gonzalez yanni corts lavkar visarjit karnyache tharavale. 25 august 1989 roji, sarkari sutranni pushti kelee qee gonzalez pudhil kahee divasant sharad rututil nivadanuka bolavanar aahe.
bomdhye visangati aadesh prasiddha jhalyanantar, 29 octobersathi nivadanukichi tarikh nishchit karoon aanee 21 november roji donhi sabhagruhanchi punha baithak ghenyache velapatrak tharvalyanantar 2 september 1989 roji cortes general adhikrutpane visarjit karnyat aale.
parshvabhoomi.
phillip gonzalez yanchi pantpradhan mhanoon dusari mudat aarthik vadhiche vaishishtya hotee, jyamadhye sarvajanik guntavanukila european aarthik samudayakadun samudayakadun sanrachanatmak nidhicha laabh midala hota, jyat spenne alikadech pravesh keela hota. 1987 teey 1989 yaa kalat jee. dii. pii. madhye sumare 5 takke kinwa tyahoon adhik vaadh jhaali aanee berojgari 20.6% varoon 16.9% paryant qamee jhaali. yaa kalat gonzalezchya pahilya karyakalat suru jhalelya kalyankari pranali sudharananche ektrikaran jhaale, jyanna tulanene purogami curr pranalitoon pranalitoon changlya vittapurvathyadvare parvanagi denyat aalee. parantu sarkarchya udarmatvadi dhorananmule vadhalelya aarthik vistaramule sampattitil matbhed aanee vishamatet vaadh jhaali, jyamule samajik ashantata nirman jhaali aanee sattadhari spanish samajvadi kamgar pakshachi (pii. ess. oo. eae.) lokpriyata qamee jhaali, jeey sthanik, pradeshik aanee european sansadechya nivadnukanmadhye spasht jhaale. december 1988 madhye, spainmadhil see. see. yuu. oo. aanee yuu. jee. tii. yaa done pramukh kamgar sanghatananni eka samanya sump pukarla, jyamule desh pangu jhaala aanee gonzalezchya sarkarla tyachi aarthik dhorane anshatah mage ghenyababat vataghati karnyas bhag padale gele.
tyach velee, 1986 chya nivadanukipasun virodhi peaples alliancela (aii. pii.) tivra antargat sankatala samore jaave lagale, jyat lokanchi yutee tutali aanee pakshache nete manuel fraga yancha rajinama disun aala. tyacha uttaradhikari, antonio hernandez mancha, epiche nivadanuk bhavitavya sudharanyat asamarth tharala aanee march 1987 madhye avishvas prastavadvare felip gonzalezla khalee aananyachya ayashasvi prayatnannantar tyachi rajkiy vishvasarhata nasht jhaali. hernandez mancha 1989 chya suruvatila rajinama deela, fraga eka kaljivahu neta mhanoon paratala jyane epiche majee sahyogi, peaples democratic party (pdp) aanee liberal party (pl), naveen peaples party (peepi) madhye vilinikaran kele. tyache rashtriy netrutva tatpurte asanyacha hetu thevun, fragane castilleche tatkalin adnyat adhyaksh aanee leone jose maria aznar yanchi uttaradhikari mhanoon niyukti kelee.
1986-1989 yaa kalat etaa basqa futiratavadi gatachya dahashatvadi karvayanmadhye vaadh jhaali. 19 juuna 1987 roji hypercore bombsphotas heey tyachya shikharavar pohochale, jyamadhye 21 jann thaar aanee 45 jann jakhami jhaale hote, joou akheris etachya itihasatil sarvat pranghatak hallah tharala. itar pranghatak hallyanmadhye 14 julai 1986 roji plaza republic dominicana bombsfot, mageel sarvatrik nivadanukinantar teen aathvade aanee navyane nivadoon aalelya corts punha ekatra yenyachya eka divas aadhi, jyat 12 lock thaar aanee 32 jakhami jhaale; aanee 1987 chya zaragoza barreck bombsfotat 11 janancha mrutyu jhaala-jyat 5 mulancha samavesh hota-aanee 88 jakhami jhaale. tyach velee, pii. ess. oo. eae. sarkarne turungat asalelya dahashatvadyanna sampoorn spanish pradeshat vikhuranyache dhoran aanale jenekarun tyanchyat sampark maryadit karata yeil aanee dahashatvadi sanghatananna turungatoon swatahla sanghatit karnyapasoon rokhata yeil. rajkiy pakshanni ajuria enia karar kinwa dahashatvadavaril madrid karar yasarkhya anek dahashatvadvirodhi kararanvar kararavar kelya, jyacha uddesh yaa muddyavar aantar-pakshiy sahkarya vadhavane haah hota. janewari 1989 madhye, etane samajvadi sarkarshi aljiriyamadhye vataghati suru karnyasathi yuddhaviram jaheer keela, parantu konatahi yashasvi nishkarsh nighala nahee aanee etane aapali hinsa moheem punha suru kelee.
sansadiy rachana.
khaleel taktyanmadhye visangatichya velee donhi sabhagruhanmadhil sansadiy gatanchi rachana darshavili aahe.
paksh aanee umedvar.
nivadanuk kayadyane antargat mantralayat nondanikrut paksh aanee mahasangh, yutee aanee matdaranchya gatanna umedvaranchi yadee sadar karanyachi parvanagi dilee. nivadanukipurvi yutee karnyacha vichar asalelya paksh aanee mahasanghanni nivadanuk bolavalyapasun daha divasanchya aat sambandhit nivadanuk aayogala kalavane aavashyak hote, tarr matdaranchya gatanna jyaa matdarsanghansathi tyanni nivadanuk magitali hotee tyaa matdarsanghatil kiman eka takke matdaranchi swakshari surakshit karane aavashyak hote, matdaranna umedvaranchya ekapeksha jaast yadivar swakshari karnyas parvanagi dilee jaat nahee.
nivadanuk nivadanuk mukhya pakshanchi aanee nivadanuk yutichi yadee khalee dilee aaheh
peaples party (peepi) aanee navarres peaples union (yuu. pii. aine.) yanni 8 september 1989 roji navarremadhye ekatra chalanyasathi yutee kararavar kararavar kelya, pipichya purvavartinmadhil peaples alliance (epee) aanee peaples alliance (see. pii.) aanee yuu. pii. aine. yanchyatil astitvat asalelya yutiche nutanikaran kele, 1982 aanee 1986 yaa donhi nivadnukanmadhye.
pracharacha kalavadhi.
aznarla pii. pii. umedvar mhanoon ghoshit karoonahi, 1989 chya nivadanukisathi virodhi paksh tutalela aanee kamkuvat rahila. yamule, eka utsahpurn arthvyavasthesah, eka naveen pii. ess. oo. eae. vijay apariharya jhaala. asha prakare, nivadanuk mohimet, samajvadi salagndaa padavar rahilelya pratinidhinchya congressmadhye tyanche purn bahumat kayam thevu shaktil qee nahee yavar laksh kendrit kele gele. united leftney julio engita yaa navya netyachihi niyukti kelee hotee aanee 1986 madhye tyanni jinkalelya 7 jaganvarun tyanche sansadiy pratinidhitva vadhavanyachya mothya apeksha hotya. mohimedarmyan, felip gonzalez yanni pratidnya kelee qee teey pantpradhanpadasathi ubhe rahanyachi hii shevatchi vel asel. akheris teey 1996 paryant aanakhi done nivadnukanmadhye ubhe rahile.
parinam.
prarambhik pratikriya.
1989 chee nivadanukichi ratra hii 1982 madheel gonzalezchya pahilya vijayanantarchi sarvat natyamay ratra hotee, kaaran pratinidhi congressmadhil soche ekoon bahumat-176 varr seet kelele-sampoorn matanchya aakadevaridarmyan tikale hote. exit pole aanee prarambhik mojanimadhye, kahee andajanusar 170 jaaga qamee asalelya, bahumat maryadechya khalee matdan jhalyache disun aale. matanchi sankhya jasjashi vadhat gelee tastashi pakshala adhik jaaga denyat aalya aanee sakali 4 vajata 98 takke matey mojali gelee, tyamule tyala nirnayak nirnayak jaaga denyat aalee. ratri ushira pakshache sanghatana sachiv tksiki benegas, upapantpradhan alphonso gyura aanee swatah gonzalez yanni tippani kelee hotee qee, antim nikal asoonahi, pii. ess. oo. eae. ajunahi sarvat motha paksh rahila aahe aanee yuticha konatahi karar nakarat, too swatachya balavar naveen sarkarche netrutva karel. kathor nikalamule sumare 800,000 matdaranche nuksan aanee 1986 pasoonchya samarthanatil spasht ghasaran lapavata aalee nahee, jyamule virodhi paksh aanee kahee aantarrashtriy madhyame-jase qee 'aarthik kaal', 'swatantra' kinwa 'kaal'-gonzalez yanna tyanchya mageel saat varshanchya karyakalat 'ahankaripane' kaam kelyacha aarop karat sarkarmadhye disha badalanyasathi vicharale.
1986 madheel fragachya nikalapeksha kinchit sudharana hott asatana, tyanchya pakshache nikal "samadhankarak" asalyache peepi umedvar jose maria aznar yanna aadhalale. yavyatirikt, aznar aanee gonzalez heey doghehi vaiyaktikaritya matdarsanghatil tyanchya pakshanchya yadeet aaghadivar asalyane pratikatmak kamgiri mhanoon manalya manalya madridmadhil nivadanukit prathamach pipine vijay midavala hota. aay. yuu. neey 1986 chya nikalanchya duppat vadhicha anubhav ghetala, tyachya netyanni "matdaranche davikade visthapan" adhorekhit kele. dusarikade, 1986 chya tulanet see. dii. neey matey aanee jaaga gamavalya aanee tyacha parinam 'mallah apekshit navhata' asey pakshache nete edolpho suarez yanni mhatale, jyanni alikadchya kalat tyanchi sarvajanik pratima 'khalavali' asalyache manya kele. nikalanche vibhajan audhyogik aanee shahari bhagat pii. ess. oo. eae. pasoon aay. yuu. kadey matanche lakshaniy hastantaran darshavel, jyamadhye grameen matdarsanghanmadhye samajvadi swatache aahet.
aniyamitata aanee nyayalayin hastakshep.
nivadanukinantarchya kahee divasant, pii. ess. oo. chey purn bahumat tharvinari 176 vee jaaga vadgrast rahili. nivadanukitil ratri antargat mantralayachya tapshilvar nikalanchya sadarikaranat vilamb jhalyabaddal pii. pii. netyanni chinta vyakt kelee, jyaa darmyan matanchya mojanichya nantarchya tappyat pii. ess. oo. laa phaar qamee matanni anek jaaga denyat aalya; jyaa jaaga shevati pii. ess. oo. sathee bahumat kayam rakhanyasathi nirnayak tharalya. barcelonamadhye, pii. pii. neey dawa keela qee tyanchya swatachya aakadevarine pii. ess. see.-pii. ess. eae. laa mantralayane adhikrutpane manyata dilelya matanpeksha 5,000 qamee matey dilee, jyamule tyanna pii. ess. see. madhoon prantatil chauthi jaaga jinkata aalee asatee. yavyatirikt, jevha 99.98% matey mojali gelee tevhach hii jaaga pii. pii. pasoon pii. ess. see. madhye badalali assa aarop tyanni keela. aayyuchya julio engitane matanchya aakadevarivar teeka kelee aanee ughadpane prashna upasthit keela qee "[pii. ess. oo. eae.] itakya vegane 172 varoon 176 jaganvar kase jaau shakate?". aay. yuu. neey jaheer kele qee teey nivadanuk aayogala murtia matdarsanghatil 1,087 matdan kendranchya prabhaganchya matdanachya nondincha aadhava ghenyas sangatil, jithe aay. yuu. chya pii. ess. oo. eae. laa 96 matanchya alp farkane shevatchi jaaga denyat aalee hotee.
paradeshat spaniardschya matdanachya sankhyene pii. ess. see. laa aanakhi mothe antar dilyanantar aanee matdarsanghatil tyanchi 14 vee jaaga midvalyanantar barcelonatil pii. pii. dave radd karnyat aale. 15 prabhaganmadhye matdaranchi sankhya aanee matpatrikechi sankhya julat nahee heey tharvalyanantar 5 november roji nivadanuk aayogala murshiyamadhye aniyamitata aadhalali. 6 november roji prakashit jhalelya naveen tatpuratya nikalanmadhye, jyamadhye jyaa prabhaganmadhye aniyamitata aadhalalya hotya tyancha samavesh navhata, tyanni keval done matanni pii. ess. oo. eae. laa shevatchi jaaga dilee. kahee aay. yuu. sadasyanni jahirpane pii. ess. oo. varr fasavanukicha aarop keela, assa dawa keela qee samajvadi hastakshepkartyanni kahee prabhaganmadhye donada matdan kele aahe, keval murshiyamadhyech navhe tarr malaga, madrid aanee laa rioja yethehi-jithe matra, nivadanukiche nikal ladhavale gele navhate-. 11 november roji murshiyamadhye jhalelya eka naveen aakadevarichya parinami aayogane aay. yuu. laa jaaga dilee, jyamule murshiyatil uchch nyayalayat pii. ess. oo. eae. apeal karnyas pravrutt jhaale. ekach velee, melila aanee pontevedra yetheel anek matdan kendranmadhye, jethe keval mojkya matandware pii. ess. oo. eae. laa jaaga denyat aalya hotya, tethe pii. pii. aanee see. dii. yaa doghannahi aniyamitata aadhalalyacha aarop keela gela aanee tyaa matdarsanghanmadhye matdan radd ghoshit karanyachi magani kelee. 22 november roji jevha matdaranni seautachya nivadanuk nondinmadhye naav duheri asalyachi prakarane aadhalali aahet, tevha pakshane matanchya aakadevaridarmyan nivadanuk aayogane kelelya aniyamit prakriyecha nishedh kelyanantar murshiyamadhye punha nivadanuka ghenyachi magani kelee, tevha arajak paristhiti aanakhi chighalali. spanish mahadhivakta javier moscoso yanni spardhet pravesh keela aanee 24 november roji sangitale qee vadgrast murshiyachi jaaga sochee aahe. 1 december roji, murshiyachya sarvoch nyayalayane matdarsanghatil nivadanukiche nikal radd kele aanee sarkarla teen mahinyant potnivadanuk bolavanyachi sakti kelee.
murshiyatil nyayik nirnayane itar matdarsanghanmadhye atkalinna udhan aale jethe sthanik uchch nyayalaye ashach prakarche nirnay deteel asey nikalanviruddha apeal karnyat aale hote. heey pontevedramadhye ghadale, jithe mojalelya matanchi sankhya matdaranchya sankhyepeksha jaast hotee. shevati, andalusiachya sarvoch nyayalayane melilamadhil nivadanuk raddabatal asalyacha nikal deela, parantu ciuta yetheel apeal fetalale, jithe tyanni nivadanukichi vaidhata ghoshit kelee. gonzalezchya sarkarne jaheer kele qee teey yaa nirnayala ghatanatmak nyayalayat apeal kartil, jyane 25 janewari 1990 roji mursia, pontevedra aanee melila yetheel niyojit potnivadanuka tatpuratya nilambit kelya. 15 teey 19 februvariparyant, nyayalayane murtia aanee galiciachya uchch nyayalayanna raddabatal tharavale aanee murtia aanee pontevedrachya potnivadanuki radd kelya, 29 octoberche nikal vaidh aanee antim ghoshit kele. melilasathi, tyat asey nishchit kele gele qee aadhalalelya aniyamitatechi tivrata itaki hotee qee matdarsanghat naveen, purn nivadanuk aavashyak hotee. 25 march 1990 roji melilamadhil nivadanukit matdarsanghatil ektech pratinidhi aanee tyache done senators heey khasdar jhaale, tyamule loksabha matdarsanghatil upasabhapatinchi sankhya 175 paryant qamee jhaali. 7 aktoobar 1990 roji mamblas, avila yetheel matdan kendravar potnivadanuk dekhil ghenyat aalee, jyacha parinam matdarsanghatil eka sinetarvar pii. pii. aanee see. dii. yanchyat jhalelya nyayik sangharshamule jhaala, jyacha parinam mhanoon khasdaranni see. dii. madhoon vadgrast sinetara jinkla.
sadosh nivadanuk nondani, matdan karyalaye ektrit karnyasathi niyukt kelelyanna nivadanuk niyamambabat mahitee nasane, nivadanuk prakriyevar sakriy dekhrekh thevanyasathi sadhanancha abhav aanee nivadanuk prashasanachi akaryaksham rachana, yaa sarvanmule aniyamitata aadhalun aalya, jyaa sarvanchya barobar anek prabhaganmadhye kahee avaidh matey sapadali. gelya nivadnukanmadhye yaa truti hotya, parantu 1989 chya nivadanukitil nikalanchi jawalik aanee ekoon bahumat ekach jagevar avalambun hote yacha arth assa hota qee tyaa achanak ughad jhalya. parinami, nivadanuk prashasanachi karyakshamta sudharanyasathi 1991 madhye nivadanuk kayadyat sudharana karnyat aalee.
guntavanuk.
5 december 1989 roji, matdanchya pahilya fereet felip gonzalez yanchi purn bahumatasah pantpradhan mhanoon punha nivad jhaali. jaganchya vadanmule, keval 332 pratinidhinni niyuktisathi shapath ghetali hotee, kaaran urvarit 18 jagansathi nikal uchch nyayalayanni tatpurte nilambit kele hote. serve 350 jaganche vatap jhalyanantar, pantpradhan felip gonzalez yanni binparamparagat guntavanuk mutt sudharanyasathi swechhene swatahla vishvasadarshak tharavasamor hajar kele. nikal moolatah december 1989 chya matdanachi punaravrutti hota, jyat kahee pakshanni yapurvi 'nahee' asey mutt deuun matdan talhanyacha nirnay ghetala hota. gonzalezcha sansadiy pathimba purvisarkhach rahila.

