
arthshastra

arthshastrashastra heey eka aparamparik (arthshastratil) aantarshakhiy sanshodhan kshetra aahe, jeey arthshastratil samasya sodavanyasathi moolatah bhautikshastradnyanni vikasit kelele siddhant aanee paddhati lagoo karate, jyat samanyatah anishchitata kinwa yadruchchik prakriya aanee araikhik gatishilata yancha samavesh asato. vittiy bajarachya abhyasasathichya tyachya kahee anuprayoganna sankhyikeey bhautikshastratil tyachya mulancha sandarbh dett sankhyikeey vitt asehi mhatale gele aahe. arthshastra samajik bhautikshastrashi jawalun sambandhit aahe.
itihas.
bhautikshastradnyanchi samajik vidnyanatil ruchi naveen nahee (eae pahaa.jee.); udaharanarth, daniele bernauli heey upayuktata-aadharit pradhanyanche pravartak hote. neoclassical economic thearychya sansthapakanpaiki eka, yell vidyapithache arthshastrache majee pradhyapak irving fishers yanna moolatah prasiddha yell bhautikshastradnya joshiya willard gibbs yanchya margdarshanakhali prashikshan denyat aale hote. tyachpramane, aarthik prakriyanchya vishleshanasathi gatishil namune vikasit aanee lagoo kelyabaddal 1969 madhye aarthik vidnyanatil pahila nobel smarak puraskar jinkana zaan tinbergen yanni leiden vidyapithat paul ehrenfest yanchyasobat bhautikshastracha abhyas keela. visheshtah, tinbergenne aantarrashtriy vyaparache gurutva model vikasit kele jeey aantarrashtriy arthshastrache kamkajache sadhan banale aahe.
sankhyikeey yantrikichya upkshetrat kaam karananya anek bhautikshastradnyanni 1990 chya dashakachya madhyat aarthikbhautikichi suruvat kelee. arthshastradnyanchya paramparik spashtikarananvar aanee drushtikonanvar asamadhani-jyanni sahasa anubhavjanya mahitishi karar karnyaivaji vidravya saiddhantik pratimansathi sopya drushtikonanna pradhanya dile-tyanni bhautikshastratil sadhane aanee paddhati lagoo kelya, pratham aarthik mahitee sanchanshi julavun ghenyacha prayatna keela aanee nantar adhik samanya aarthik ghatana spasht karnyasathi.
1980 chya dashakapasun mothya pramanat aarthik mahitichi achanak upalabdhata hii yaa velee udbhavnari aarthik bhautikshastramagil eka prerak shakti hotee. heey spasht jhaale qee vishleshanachya paramparik paddhati apurya hotya-manak aarthik paddhati eksandh ghatak aanee samtol hatalatat, tarr vittiy bajarpethetil anek adhik manoranjak ghatana moolbhootpane bhinn ghatkanvar aanee samtol paristhitipasun durvar avalambun hotya.
econophysics' haah shabd etch. yanni tayar keela hota. 1995 madhye kolkata (purviche kalkatta) yetheel sankhyikeey bhautikshastravaril parishadet (stock aanee itar) bajarpethetil samasyanmadhye bhautikshastradnyanni lihilelya mothya sankhyene kagadpatranche varnan karnyasathi aanee 1996 madhye bhautikshastratil tyachya karyavahi prakashanamadhye pratham prakashit karnyasathi yujeen stanly yanni, 1998 madhye janos curtez aanee imre kondor yanni budapest yethe aarthik bhautikshastravaril udghatan baithak aayojit kelee hotee. arthshastravaril pahile pustak aar. aine. mantegna & etch. eae. 2000 madhye stanly.
yaa vishayavaril jawaljawal niyamit baithakichya malikanmadhye samavisht aaheth econophysies-kolkata (kolkata aanee dilli yethe aayojit), econophysics bolani, aeshiya/vehiya.
alikadachya varshant sankhyikeey yantrikichya sadrushyanvar mothya pramanat avalambun asalele jaale vidnyan, utpadak pranalinchya abhyasasathi lagoo kele gele aahe. aarthik sankatacha andaj lavane aanee aarthik guntaguntiche harvard-miit vedhshala mhanoon european nidhichya sanshodhan prakalpanmadhil santa phay sansthemadhye kelelya kamanchya babatit asech aahe
jarr aarthik vishleshanasathi sankhyikeey yantriki lagoo karnyache tattva darshavinyasathi "aarthikbhautiki" ghetale gele, tarr vishisht sahitya kinwa jaalyachya ulat, navinyache pradhanya bahudha emmanuel farjaun aanee moshe matchover (1983) mule aahe. lodge auph carosah aaa probabilistic aproch too political economy' yaa tyanchya pustakat, sambandhit pramananna yadruchchik chull mhanoon punha sankalpit karoon markschya rajkiy arthvyavasthetil parivartanachya samasyeche nirakaran (tyanche shabd) karnyacha prastav aahe.
jarr, dusarikade, bhautikshastracha vapar darshavinyasathi "econiphysics" ghetale gele tarr
arthshastra, ekhada vyakti leone valras aanee wilfredo pereto yanchya kamancha tyacha bhag mhanoon vichar karoo shakato. kharokharach, bruna ingrao aanee georgio israyal yanni darshavilyapramane, arthshastratil samanya samtol siddhant yantrik samtol yaa bhautik sankalpanevar aadharit aahe.
iaan steadman aanee nava-cardianismshy sambandhit itaranni samarthan kelelya arthshastrakade pahanyachya "bhautik pramananchya drushtikonashi" arthshastrashastracha kahihi sambandh nahee. jeane-phillip bouchoud, emmanuel backery, jeane-francois muzi, giulio botazi, bikas keey chakravati, jeey. heey ullekhaneey arthshastradnya aahet. doin shetkari, digo garlaschelli, dirk helbing, johnos curtez, rosario aine. mantegna, mattio marcilly, joseph ell. macauli, enrico scalas, angelo sechee, ddr sornet, etch. yujeen stanly, victor yakovenko aanee yee-cheng zhang. visheshtah, leiden vidyapithachya bhautikshastra vibhagat, diego garlaschelli yanni deu kelele, arthshastravaril aupcharik abhyaskram heey lakshaniy aahet.
moolbhut sadhane.
aarthik bhautikshastrachi moolbhut sadhane hii sambhavya aanee sankhyikeey paddhati aahet jyaa anekada sankhyikeey bhautikshastratun ghetalya jaatat.
arthshastrat lagoo kelelya bhautikshastra modelmadhye vayucha gativishayak siddhant (jyala bajarpetheche gativishayak vinimay model mhanatat), parcolation models, hrudayastambhatecha abhyas karnyasathi vikasit kelele astavyast models aanee swayam-sanghatit criticalty asalele models tasech bhookamp andajasathi vikasit kelelya itar modelscha samavesh aahe. shivay, guntagunticha ganiteey siddhant aanee mahitee siddhant vaparnyache prayatna kele gele aahet, jase qee anek shastradnyanni vikasit kele aahe, jyapaiki murre gell-mann aanee claude eae aahet. shannon, anukrame.
sambhavya khelansathi, asey darshavile gele aahe qee shannon mahitee entropeedware mahitivar aadharit uday-utpadak santulan, eka yadruchchik gatishil samikaranasarkhe samaan santulan mojmap (sankhyikeey yantrikitun gibbs mojmap) tayar karate jeey dhwani nirnayanche pratinidhitva karate, jeey donhi arthshastradnyanni vaparlelya maryadit tarkbuddhichya modelver aadharit aahet. chadh-utaar-vighatan pramey yaa dohonna jodoon, 'tapman', 'entropy', 'mukt kshamata/urja' aanee itar bhautikshastra kalpanancha arthshastra pranalishi thos sambandh sthapit karato. sankhyikeey yantriki model aii-prayori tayar kelele nahee-heey vidyaman neoclassical modelsveril maryadit tarksangat gruhitak aanee modelingcha parinam aahe. jyaa prakaranat modelchi neoclassical aavrutti sangaticha andaj lavat nahee asha prakaranat hyuv dixoncha "sangatichi apariharyata" parinam siddha karnyasathi yacha vapar keela gela aahe. yethe magani vadhat aahe, jase qee 'hott hand' bhrantisah stock kharedidar adhik yashasvi stocks kharedi karnyas aanee jeey qamee yashasvi aahet teey vikanyas pradhanya detat, kinwa 2021 madhye gamestop stockchi kimmat vadhavanyasathi wallstreetbates samoohachya sanganamtasah ghadalelya chhotya sankochanedarmyan lahan vyapadhyanmadhye.
mahitee siddhantatun prapt jhalele parimanak heey arthshastradnya aurelio eff yanni anek shodhanibandhanmadhye vaparale hote. share bajarachya mahitichya karyakshamatechya pramanache moolyankan karnyasathi barivera aanee sahalekhak. zunino aanee itar. aarthik sahityat eka navinyapurn sankhyikeey sadhan vaparah jatilata-entropy karyakaranata pratal. heey cartasian pratinidhitva vegvegalya bajarpethanchi karyakshamta kramvari sthapit karate aanee bandhpatranchya bajarachi vividh gatishilata vegale karate. asey aadhalun aale qee adhik vikasit deshanmadhye uchch entropy aanee qamee guntagunti asalele share bajar aahet, tarr udayonmukh deshantil tyaa bajarpethanmadhye qamee entropy aanee uchch guntagunt aahe. shivay, lekhak assa nishkarsh kadhatat qee guntaguntichya-entropy karyakaran patalivarun midavalele vargikaran pramukh moolyankan kampanyanni sarvbhoum sadhananna dilelya patrateshi susangat aahe. barrivera aanee itaranni vikasit kelela asach eka abhyas. guntagunt-entropy karyakaran patalicha vapar karoon americi teel aanee urja companyanchya corporate bandhanchya namunyache patt moolyankan aanee mahitichi karyakshamta yanchyatil sambandh shodha. tyanna asey aadhalale aahe qee heey vargikaran moodijdware niyukt kelelya patt manankanashi sahmat aahe.
dusare changle udaharan mhanje yadruchchik matricks siddhant, jyacha vapar aarthik parasparsambandh matrixmadhil aavaj olakhanyasathi keela jaau shakato. eka peparmadhye assa yuktivad keela aahe qee heey tantra portfoliochi kamgiri sudharu shakate, udaa.jee., portfolio optimizationmadhe lagoo kele.
tathapi, drav gatishilata, shastriy yantriki aanee quantum yantriki (tathakathit shastriy arthvyavastha, quantum arthshastra aanee quantum vittasah) aanee sankhyikeey yantrikicha avibhajya marg tayar karane yasarkhi bhautikshastratil itar anek sadhane aataparyant vaparali gelee aahet.
vitt siddhant aanee prasar siddhant yanchyatahi samanata aahet. udaharanarth, paryay kimmatisathiche black-scholes samikaran heey eka prasar-prastav samikaran aahe (tathapi black-scholes paddhatichi teeka karnyasathi pahaa). aarthik ghadamodinmadhil mukhya ghatakancha vishleshanatmak siddhant pradan karnyasathi krishna-vidyashakha siddhant vistarit keela jaau shakato.
prabhav.
arthshastravaril shodhanibandh agraganya arthshastra niyatkalikanmadhye prakashit honyaeivaji pramukhyane bhautikshastra aanee sankhyikeey yantriki yanna samarpit niyatkalikanmadhye prakashit jhaale aahet. mukhya pravahatil kahee arthshastradnya samanyatah yaa kamane prabhavit jhaale naheet. mauro gallegati, steve utsuk, paul ormeroad aanee alaan kirman yanchyasah itar arthshastradnyanni adhik rus dakhavila aahe, parantu aarthik bhautikshastratil kahee kalanvarhi teeka kelee aahe. dusarikade, nobel paritoshik vijete aanee prayogik arthshastrache sansthapak vernon ell. smith yanni manavshastratil kalpananchya amalbajavanidware samajikteche pratirup tayar karnyasathi aarthikbhautikicha vapar keela aahe.
aarthik bhautikshastracha kahee parinam parimanatmak vittapurvathyachya adhik lagoo kshetravar hott aahe, jyachi vyapti aanee uddishte aarthik siddhantapeksha lakshaniyaritya vegali aahet. vividh aarthik bhautikshastradnyanni vittiy bajarpethechya bhautikshastratil kimmatitil chadhautaransathi kinwa sthapit modelsveril mool drushtikonasathi models sadar kele aahet.
mukhya parinam.
sadhya, aarthik bhautikshastrachya mukhya parinamanpaiki eka mhanje sarvatrik swa-samaan scaling gunadharm (mhanje.eae. vaiyaktik bajar spardhkanchya kinwa tyanchya ektritanchya prachalit "sookshm pravrutti" chaa paddhatshir aanee ishtatam vapar karnyachya pravruttimule udbhavnare praman heey mahititil parimanachya anek kramanvar aparivartaniy asate (udaa.jee., vadhatya kinwa qamee honanya kimmati). yaa "charbichya shepati" keval ganitiyadrushtya mahattvachya naheet, kaaran tyamadhye jokhim asate, jee ekikade asoo shakate, khoop lahan asate, jyamule tyakade durlaksh karnyacha cull asoo shakato, parantu jyaa-dusarikade-agadi nagany nasatat, mhanje.eae. tyanna kadhihi ghatankiyaritya lahan kele jaau shakat nahee, parantu tyaeivaji mojata yenyajogya bijganitiyadrushtya qamee hott asalelya shakti kayadyache palan qaraa, udaharanarth keval sootra _ 1 chya "apayashachi sambhavyata" saha jethe "x" heey manale jaananya vitaranachya mageel bhagat vadhatya pramanat mothe chull aahe (i.eae. 108 peksha jaast aakadevari asaleli kimmat aakadevari). aay.eae., vicharat ghetalelya ghatana keval 'bahya' naheet, tarr tyaa kharokhar vicharat ghetalya pahijet aanee 'vima utaravalya jaau shakat naheet. asey disate qee tee pravrutti badalanyachya jawalpas dekhil bhoomika bajavate (udaa.jee. ghasaranipasun teey vadhatya kimmatiparyant) vikananya kinwa kharedi karananya pratinidhinchya vishisht "bhitidayak pratikriya" asatat, jyamadhye bijganitiyadrushtya saudebajichi gatee aanee praman vadhate.
quantum kshetra siddhantanusar, "charbichya shepati" guntaguntichya "nonperturbuttive" paddhatindware, pramukhyane sankhyatmak paddhatindware midavata yetat, kaaran tyamadhye nehamichya gossian andajanpasun vichalan asatat, udaa.jee. black-scholes siddhant. charbichya shepati, tathapi, itar ghatananmule dekhil asoo shakatat, jase qee kendriya-maryada prameyatil yadruchchik sankhyetil sandnya kinwa itar konatyahi sankhyetil, gair-aarthikbhautiki model. asha namunyanchi chachani karnyat adchan aalyane, paramparik aarthik vishleshanat tyanchyakade qamee laksh dile gele aahe.