
aar vhee bonjan

aar. vhee. bonjan haah faujdari nyayalayin khatala hota, jyacha nirnay nyu south velsachya sarvoch nyayalayat 16 september 1841 roji poort phillip jilhyasathi jhaala, jyamadhye bonjan yaa aadivasi vyaktivar, yamoving yaa aanakhi eka aadivasi vyaktila thaar marlyabaddal hatyecha aarop thevanyat aala hota. aadivasi lokanni kelelya gunhyanvar, mhanje eka aadivasi vyaktine dusyachyyaa virodhat kelelya gunhyanvar vasahatvadi nyayalayanna adhikarkshetra aahe qaa haah yaa prakaranatil mukhya muddah hota.
nyayadhishanni austreliyavar britishanchya sarvbhaumatvache adhigrahan aanee aadivasi lokanvaril tyache parinam yaa kayadeshir paristhiticha vyapakpane vichar keela. shevati prashna nishchit keela gela nasla taree, tyala adhikarkshetra aahe qee nahee yabaddal tyala tivra shanka asalyache tyane soochit kele. adhikarkshetrachya prashnavar purvagrah naan balgata bonjanchya khatalyachi sunavani suru thevanyas parvanagi denyat aalee, parantu abhiyojan pakshane shevati khatala sodoon deela aanee shevati bonjanla sodanyat aale.
nirnay jhalyanantar byanch kalapasoon visarla gelela haah khatala, tyachya yuktivadachya mahattvasathi alikadech olakhala gela aahe; anek bhashyakaranni tyachi tulana 1992 chya prasiddha mabo prakaranashi kelee aahe, jaree 150 varshanpurvi melburnchya zadachya shaharatil eka durbhavanapurna nyayadhishane tee gathali hotee."
prakaranachi parshvabhoomi.
prativadi bonjan (kinwa, paryayipane, "bonn johnn") haah wathaurong lokancha eka aadivasi manus hota. yaa prakaranatil sakshidaranpaiki eka asalelya weslian missionary francis takfieldchya matey, kahee kaal sthanik polisanche svayamsevak sadasyahi rahilele bonjan, wathaurongchya itar konatyahi sadasyapeksha europechya lokanshi adhik samparkat hote. police dandadhikari palak fyancechya mhananyanusar, bonjan saat mahine sthanik polisansobat hota, paloon gelelya ghodyancha magova ghet hota aanee samanyatah itar sadasyanna madat karat hota.
yammovingcha balee gulidjan lokancha hota, jyachya pradeshachi seema wathaurongchya simevar hotee. tickfieldla yamming changli jaann hotee, kaaran too veloveli birregurra jawalchya buntingdale mission stationvar kaam karat asatana gulidjanmadhye rahat asey.
abhiyojan pakshane aarop keela qee 14 julai 1841 roji kinwa sumare, bonjanane jillong yethe carbine dokyala yamoing karoon golee zadali, jyamule tyacha mrutyu jhaala. tyaveli, haah parisar nyu south velsachya vasahatitil poort phillip jilhyacha bhag hota aanee tyamule heey prakaran poort phillip jilhyasathi nyu south velsachya sarvoch nyayalayachya adhikarkshetrat aale. 16 september 1841 roji melburn yethe nivasi nyayadhish villis yanchyasamor yaa prakaranachi sunavani jhaali.
yuktivad.
bonjanche pratinidhitva redmond barry yanni kele aanee kraun prosecutor james crock heey firyadisathi hajar jhaale.
bonjanchi kshamata.
panchanna vichar karnyasathi bonjanchya kshamatebabat done mudde hoteh pratham, bonjanla adhikarkshetrat yachika dakhal karanyachi kshamata hotee qaa; aanee dusare, bonjanla samanya muddyavar yachika dakhal karanyachi kshamata hotee qaa, mhanje, doshi kinwa doshi naan asanyachi yachika.
kshamatechya prashnavar anek sakshidaranna bolavale gele. barry suruvatila poort phillip jilhyatil aadivasinche mukhya snrakshak george augustus robbinson mhanoon olakhale jaat asey, jyanni saksh dilee qee teey "sthanikanchya chaliritinshi parichit hote", parantu tyanna vaiyaktikaritya bonjanche "jivhalyache dnyan" navhate; tyanni nyayalayala sangitale qee francis tuckfield heey bonjanchya lokansathi jababdar hote.
tuckfield haah pudhcha sakshidar hota jyala bolavanyat aale aanee tyane saksh dilee qee bonjan "sarvoch astitvachya kahee kalpananche manoranjan karato", parantu tyachya kalpana "atishay apoorn aanee aspasht kalpana hotya, jyaa tyala shapath ghenyache swaroop aanee jababdanya samajoon ghenyasathi puresha navhatya."nyaymurtinni adhikarkshetratil yachikeche swaroop tuckfieldla samajavun sangitale, jyanantar tuckfieldne sangitale qee bonjan asha prakarchi yachika dakhal karoo shakato asey tyala vatat nahee, jaree tyala samadhan vatale qee bonjan doshi tharoo shakato kinwa doshi nahee. krokne kelelya ulat-tapasanivar, tuckfieldne saksh dilee qee "[emm] arder haah aadivasinmadhye gunha manla jaato, parantu serve paristhitinmadhye teey asey mantil asey mallah vatat nahee, kahee apavad aahet."
antim sakshidar fayan hote, jyanni sthanik polisansobatchya bonjanchya sevechi ruparesha mandali aanee pudhe sangitale qee, jaree too ingraji changlya prakare bolu shakat nasla taree too bonjanla "tyachya swatachya paddhatine visheshtah tikshna aanee buddhiman" manat asey.
yanantar, nyayadhishanni haah prashna nyaypithasamor thewala, jyanni ekmatane nirnay ghetala qee bonjankade adhikarkshetrat yachika dakhal karanyachi kshamata nahee. nyayadhishanchya vilisachya soochanenusar aanee pakshanchya sahmatine, sakshidaranna mage naan gheta samanya yachikebabatcha prashna panchansamor thewala gelah nyayadhish mandalane nirnay ghetala qee bonjanmadhye tyane yamovingla marle qee nahee heey jaanun ghenyachi kshamata aahe, parantu doshi asalyache kabool naan karane kinwa doshi nahee, "kaaran narhatya haah nehmich aadivasinmadhye gunha manla jaat nahee".
nyayadhishanni matra asey manale qee bonjanla "doshi kinwa doshi nahee asey mhananyaitaki purnapane buddhichi garaj nahee" aanee asha prakare nirnay ghetala qee heey prakaran adhikarkshetrachya prashnakade jaau shakate.
adhikarkshetrakade yachika.
bonjanvar nyayalayache adhikarkshetra aahe qaa, heey yaa prakaranatil mukhya yuktivad hote.
bachav.
barryne yaa prakaranache mahatva aanee navinya swikaroon aapala yuktivad suru keela aanee pudhe sangitale qee, "shejarchya vasahatinchya rahivashanpramanech yaa jilhyatil rahivashannahi heey atyant manoranjak aahe yaa aashvasanane teey prabhavit jhaale."barryne dakshin austreliyache nuktech niyukt governor george grey yanni alikadech vasahatvadi sachivanna dakshin austreliyachya aadivasi lokambaddalachya tyanchya matanvishayi dilelya ahavalacha dekhil sandarbh deela, jyamadhye grey yanni asey samarthan kele hote qee" "aadivasi mool rahivashanvar british kayadyadvare khatala chalavala jaava, joou aata vasahatitil tichya bhavya rahivasi asalelya european prajanchya sandarbhat deela gela aahe aanee sthanikanni aapapasat kelelya gunhyansathi shiksha deuun bhet dilee". barryne yacha vapar vasahatvadi sachivanchya uttarasah keela (jaree too nyayalayasathi prat midvu shakala nahee), tyacha prastav mandanyasathi qee sadhyachya kayadyantargat itar aadivasi vyaktinviruddha kelelya gunhyansathi aadivasi vyaktinvar khatala chalavanyachi kshamata ektar astitvat navhati, kinwa astitvat navhati... haah itka vadgrast vishay aahe, itka 'vexata questio' aahe qee tichya mahamahim sarkarchya bajoone kahee ghoshanatmak abhivyaktichi magani kelee jaate."
barryne yaa prastavache asha prakare shuddhikaran keleh "yaa deshat british sarvbhaumatva prasthapit karnyat asey kahihi nahee jeey aadivasi mool rahivashanna 'inter seey' kelelya aakramanachya krutyansathi shiksha denyas adhikrut karate.'"
barrycha bahutansh yuktivad sarvbhaumatva sampadan karnyababat aantarrashtriy kayadyatil sankalpananshi sambandhit aahe. blackstonechya 'englandchya kayadyanvaril bhashya' madhye namood kelyapramane, barryne ingraji kayadyantargat manyataprapt adhigrahan paddhatincha sandarbh deela, jithe blackstone swikaranyachya siddhantache varnan kele aaheh
barryne 1774chya 'campbelle wii holl' prakaranachihi nond ghetali, jyamadhye eka muddah hota grenadachya british sarvbhaumatvache adhigrahan, jithe laurd mansfieldne teech tattve shodhun kadhali hotee. 1763 chya parisachya tahantargat frenchanni grenada ingrajankade sopavala hota aanee mhanoon laurd mansfieldchi tattve vijay aanee samarpan yanchyashi sambandhit hotee; tathapi, barryne assa yuktivad keela qee austreliyatil british sarvbhaumatvacha thaam aadhar yaa donhi paddhatinpaiki navhata, tarr keval 'kabja' hota.
setalmentdware adhigrahan karnyashi sambandhit aantarrashtriy kayadyatil sthitee spasht karnyasathi, barryne wattelchya 'rashtranchya kayadyakade' valale, done lamb parichhedancha hawala dett, jyamadhye wattellne asey mhatale aaheh
barry yanni yaa tattwala aavhan dile nasale taree, asey mhatale qee tyat asey kahihi nahee qee asha prakare sthayik jhalelya konatyahi pradeshatil sthanik lokanche kayade aanee pratha apariharyapane nakarlya gelya. kharey tarr, barryne assa yuktivad keela qee "mukutala jaminicha adhikar denari keval adhibhog krutee, aadivasi rahivashanna praja mhanoon konatahi adhikar deu shakat nahee, joparyant kahee karar kinwa sankshipt kinwa sthanikanchya bajoone kahee prakarche sarvajanik pratyakshik nasel, jyadvare teey kayadyachya jochyakhali yenyachi tyanchi ichcha darshavtat"; tyanni yuktivad keela qee austreliyachya aadivasi lokanni assa konatahi karar keela navhata kinwa asey konatehi pratyakshik kele navhate.
barryne sthanik polis aanee poort phillip protectorate sthapana manya kelee, parantu pratyakshat tyaa upayayojanancha uddesh aadivasi lokanpeksha pandhya vasahatinchya sanrakshanasathi hota asey sangitale. barryne asha kayadyanche udaharanahi mandale, jyat aadivasi lokanna daruchi vikri kinwa puravatha karnyas bandee hotee, parantu jyat daroo balgananya aadivasi lokansathi konatahi dand lagoo keela gela navhata aanee bandukanshi sambandhit tatsam kayade hote. tyaa yuktivadavaril antim muddah mhanoon, barryne mool americananchya sandarbhat american kayadyantargat sambandhit bhoomikevar james kentchya lekhanacha sandarbh deela.
tyanantar barryne kahee ulat-yuktivadancha andaj lavnyacha prayatna keela. nyayalayache adhikarkshetra nakarnanya vyaktine kahee saksham adhikarkshetra dekhil darshavale pahije yaa yuktivadavar barry mhanale qee, moodnivasi lokanchi paramparik kayadeshir vyavastha swatach yogya adhikarkshetra aahe. asha babinna samore jaanyachya aadivasi kayadeshir vyavasthetil paddhatinvar saksh denyasathi sakshidaranna bolavanyas too tayar asalyache barryne soochit kele aanee assa yuktivadahi keela qee jaree aadivasi aanee ingraji kayadeshir pranalinmadhye nishchitpane farak asala taree yacha arth assa nahee qee purviche vaidh adhikarkshetra navhate.
eka deshatil done bhinn adhikarkshetranna manyata dene visangatipurna tharel yaa yuktivadasathi, barryne "mostin vhee fabrigas" chya prakaranacha sandarbh deela. tyaa prakaranat, eka sthanik alpavayin mulane british governor johnn mosteinver mosteinne betavarun haddapar kelyanantar khatala yashasviritya dakhal keela hota; barryne yaa betavar spanish kayada aanee ingraji kayada donhi ekatra asane sweekarle gele yaa vastusthitisathi tyavar avalambun hote. barryne pudhe yuktivad keela qee irelandchya norman aakramananantar anek shatake irelandchya brehon kayadyache kahee bhag ingraji kayadyachya samantar astitvat hote, french bhashik canadamadhye french kayada aanee cape colonymadhye dutch kayada lagoo hott rahila aanee nyayadhish vilis yanna dekhil aathvan karoon dilee qee "tumchya sanmanane british gayanamadhye anek varshe danish nagri kayada vitarit keela."
barryne aapala yuktivad abhiyojak krokla sangoon sampavala qee, jaree too sampoorn jeelhyat pratyek tekadivar, jyanchyavar hamanane tyachya aparadhala kshama kelee hotee, titkya unch fashichi shiksha ubha karnar asala taree, yaa lokanna british mukutavar avalambun asalelya lokanchi ichcha, sammati aanee khatri patnyachya sthiteet aananar nahee."
khatala.
krokne, uttarat, yaa prastavane suruvat kelee keeh
krokne assa yuktivad keela-jase barryne wattelchya 'rashtranchya kayadyavar' aadharit yuktivad keela-qee aantarrashtriy kayadyane 'asabhy' lokanvaril sarvbhaumatva sampadanala manyata dilee, tyanchya udarnirvahasathi puresa pradesh tyanna deela gela aanee asey mhatale qee austreliyan vasahatinmadhye nakkich asey hote.
krokne assa yuktivad keela qee heey gunhyache sthan aahe, aanee tyat sameel asalelya lokanche rashtriyatva nahee, jeey adhikarkshetra nishchit karate aanee ingraji pradeshat upasthit asaleli konatihi vyakti "gunhegarichya sthanik nishthechi runee aahe, teela tichya mahamahimachya hatanni sanrakshn milate, aanee parinami tyaa jeelhyat prachalit asalelya kayadyanni paraspar bandhane bandhali aahet". krokne eka alankarik prashna mhanoon upasthit keela, samaja bonjanane tyaeivaji englandmadhye yamoingla thaar marle hote, kinwa tyachpramane, eka french vyaktine englandmadhye dusarya french vyaktila thaar marle hote asey samaja, "majha vidwan mitra [nakaru shakato] qee marekari englandchya kayadyala manya asel?"
shevati, krokne "nisargachya niyamanmadhunach tayar jhalela" yuktivad pudhe keela, jyamadhye mhatale gele qee sarvbhoum satteche kayade pradeshatil pratyekasathi vistarle pahijet, jenekarun "joou konee manasache rakt wahel, tyache rakt mansadvare vahavale jaeel" yaa mhananyala parinam hoil. heey eka pradeshatil serve vyaktinna lagoo hote kaaran tyaa sarvanna tyaa kayadyanchya sanrakshanacha dekhil haqq hota.
nirnay.
nyayadhish vilis yanni aapala nikal suru kartana mhatale qee, "mea swatahla konatyahi shree. yanchya matala bandhil manat nahee. mukhya nyayadhish forbes, shree. justices berton, kinwa shree. sadhyachya prakaranat mukhya nyayadhish doveling."tyanantar tyanni namood kele qee vasahati nyayalayanna vasahati lokanviruddha aadivasi lokanni kelelya gunhyanvar adhikarkshetra aahe kinwa tyaulat, asha prakarananchi anek udaharane dett, tyat vaad nahee. keval tyanchya adhikarkshetracha purnapane vapar karanech navhe tarr tyaa adhikarkshetrabaddal vajvi shanka asel tarr tase karnyapasoon door rahane, yaa nyayadhishanchya kartvyavarhi tyanni bharr deela.
nyayadhish villis yanni tyanchya sampoorn nikaladarmyan varanvar haus auph commonschya aadivasinvaril nivad samitikade sandarbh deela. tyanni austreliyache anglican bishop william brotton yanchya samitisamorchya sakshivarun uddhrut kele, jyanche asey mutt hote qee adim lokanmadhye buddhichi kamatarata hotee asey gruheet dharane suruvatichya vasahatinche chukiche hote, tyaeivaji tyanchi jivanshaili tyanchya "aniyamit swatantryachya premamule" hotee. tyanni nyu south velsachya mahadhivakta sacks bannister yanchya sallyatoonahi uddhrut kele, jyanni assa yuktivad keela hota qee aadivasi lokanchya paramparik kayadyancha abhyas aanee nond kelee pahije, jenekarun vasahati nyayalaye tyanche palan karoo shaktil aanee tyancha yogya prakarananmadhye aadar karoo shaktil. yaa aanee itar matanvarun, nyayadhishanni nishkarsh kadhala, qee aadivasi lokanchi swatachi kayadeshir vyavastha hotee aanee tyanchyashi karar kele pahijet heey spasht hote.
tyanantar, nyayadhish vilis yanni nivad samitichya ahavalat namood kelyapramane, vasahatvadi vasahatinchya aaspaschya aadivasi loksankhyetil lakshaniy ghat yavar charcha kelee aanee assa prashna upasthit keela qee, jarr aadivasi lokanna kharokharach british praja manale jayache asel, tarr british kayadyanchya adheen rahoon aanee tyanchya sanrakshanacha haqq asel, tarr karyakari sarkarne tyanna madat karnyasathi kahihi qaa kele nahee aanee nyayvyavasthene "kayadeshir adhikaracha sanrakshanatmak haat qaa pudhe thewala nahee"? tyanni batmanchya kararache udaharan nondavale, eka "saudebajicha prayatna" (batmanne mothya kshetrasathi vichar mhanoon fakt kahee puravatha deu keela) joou sidneymadhil prashasanadvare "anandane nirash" jhaala hota aanee vividh aadivasi lokanshi karar karnyasathi konatehi adhikrut prayatna kele gele navhate, "tyanchya antargat sarkar, sanskruti aanee sanrakshanasathi konatyahi atty paribhashit kelya gelya naheet", asey tyanni dukkh vyakt kele."
nyayadhishanni vicharat ghenyajoga prashna ashee paribhashit keela aaheh
teey mhanale qee, yache uttar mukhyatve sarvbhaumatva kase midavale gele yavar avalambun asel. tyanni asey nirikshan nondavale qee jaree kayadeshir adhikaanyaanee assa dawa keela hota qee austreliyavaril sarvbhaumatva tabyat ghetale gele hote, taree desh rikt navhata, parantu aadhich vyapalela hota; kinwa too konatyahi kararanusar jinkla gela navhata kinwa supurd keela gela navhata. tyaeivaji, nyayadhish vilis mhanale, sarvbhaumatva pratyakshat vatelane tyachya 'rashtranchya kayadyat' spasht kelelya tattvanusar prapt kele hote, jyacha sandarbh firyadi aanee bachav yaa doghannihi deela aahe, qee 'susanskrut' lock 'asabhy' lokanni vyapalelya pradeshavar kabja karoo shakatat, jarr tyanni tyanchyasathi tyanchya udarnirvahasathi pureshi jameen sodali asel.
nyayadhishanni pudhe william penchya udaharanavar (vatelane dekhil namood kelele eka udaharan) aanee lenap mool american lokanshi kelelya tyachya anek vataghativar charcha kelee, parantu mhatale qee tyachya udaharanakade "aataparyant durlaksh kele gele hote". teey mhanale qee, tyaa mool american lokanchi sthitee ashee hotee qee teey kararadvare aashrit rajye banale hote, parantu wattelchya matey, tyanni asey kartana tyanche sarvbhaumatva sodalele navhate. sarvoch sattechya atikramanancha pratikar naan karananya" aashrit rajyachi sthitee vicharat gheta... jevha teey bolu shakate aanee bolalech pahije tevha eka gahan shantata rakhate, asey nyayadhish mhanale qee kalantarane asey maun sammati banoo shakate. tathapi, maun aichchhik asale pahije aanee jarr asey maun bheeti kinwa dadapshahicha parinam asel tarr tase nahee. konatyahi paristhitit, aadivasi lock aanee gore vasahati yanchyatil anek hinsak sangharshanmule teey ghadate, assa nishkarsh tyanni kadhala... aadivasi jamati hii jinkley geleli lock naheet kinwa tyanni sthayikanchya varchaswala maunane manyata dileli nahee heey purese spasht hote."
mageel varshi 6 februwari roji pahilyanda swakshari jhalelya vetangichya tahala udaharan dett nyayadhish vilis yanni swatahla "newzealandchya aadivasincha austreliya felixchya tulanet vegalya drushtikonatun kassa vichar keela jaau shakato heey shodhanyat apayashi asalyache ghoshit kele."capton arther philipala denyat aalelya sudharit aayogane, shevati, newzealandcha bahutansh bhag nyu south velsachya vasahatichya vyakhyemadhye samavisht keela hota aanee nyayadhishanni sangitale qee, austreliyamadhye ashach prakarcha karar qaa keela jaau shakato yacha too vichar karoo shakat nahee, kaaran ekach pradeshatil aanee tyach sarkarchya antargat sthanik lokanche adhikar nishchitpane vegale asoo shakat naheet. nyu south wellsche governor george gips yanni 9 julai 1840 roji nyu south velsachya vidhan parishadela dilelya bhashanatun, newzealandmadheel jameen anudanasandarbhat eka vidheykavar, nyayadhish vilis yanni sthanik american aanee pandhare vasahati yanchyatil sambandhanchya sandarbhat american nyayshastrashi gipschee parichitata darshavinare lamb parichhed uddhrut kele; jasan gips yanni newzealandmadheel marichya sthitishi sambandhit american anubhavala manale, nyayadhish vilisachya matey, teey austreliyatil aadivasi lokanna titkech lagoo hote.
heey nyayadhish vilis yanchya yaa matavar aadharit hote qee austreliyatil sarvbhaumatva amerikepramanech midavale gele. tarihi, jarr vastavik sthitee ashee asel qee austreliya vijayadvare hastagat karnyat aala hota, tarr nyayadhish mhanale, aanakhi eka tulana karayachi aahe. jamaika, jyavar brittonne vijay midvoon sarvbhaumatva midavale hote, tethe 1738 madhye british adhikari aanee jamaikan maroon yanchyat eka karar jhaala, jyachya atinpaiki eka aut ashee hotee qee jarr ekhadya british prajaviruddha marunane gunha keela tarr teey british kayadyachya adheen asateel, parantu british kayadyala marunmadhil gunhyanvar konatehi adhikarkshetra navhate. jaree maroon heey sthanik lock nasale taree, haah karar "eka ashisht aanee aashrit samudayala british vasahatit swatachya kayadyandvare swatahvar rajya karanyachi parvanagi dilee jaat asalyachi jordar kabuli" hota, asey nyayadhishanni sangitale. ashach prakare, nyayadhish vilis yanni sant wincentche udaharan dile, jithe britishanni frenchankadun kararadvare sarvbhaumatva prapt karoonahi sthanik carib lokanshi shantata karar karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
austreliyachya paristhitichi tulana america, newzealand, jamaika aanee seent wincentshee kelyanantar nyayadhish vilis yanni british rajvatikhalil kshetranshi virodhabhas darshavila. teey mhanale qee, tyaa pradeshanvar vijay nishchitpane midvat asalyacha dawa keela jaat hota, tarihi "sutty aanee jugharnautchya khristi nasalelya prathecha prabhav padoo deela gela"; parantu adhik spashtapane, "sanadecha kayada 1833" neey bharatachya governor generalla bharatatil british aanee mool rahivashansathi kayade banavanyache, tyat badal karnyache aanee radd karnyache adhikar spashtapane dile. "nyayadhish mhanale, "assa konatahi spasht kayada nahee, jyachi mallah jaaniv aahe, jyamule aadivasi aaplya vasahatvadi sanhitechya adheen hotat."tyanantar tyane sthanik daroo aanee banduk kayadyanchya sandarbhat barrycha yuktivad aathavala.
shevati, nyayadhish vilis (englandmadhil french lokambaddal krokcha yuktivad aathavun) mhanale qee hii paristhiti dusya deshat pravas karananya paradeshi vyaktisarkhi navhati, joou nishchitpane tyaa deshachya kayadyanchya adheen asel; teey mhanale, kharokhar, austreliyamadhye "aadivasi nasoon vasahatvadi paradeshi aahet; pahile paradeshi aahet, nantarche sthanik, nantarche matiche sthanik sarvbhoum, majee biin-aamantrit ghuskhor."
nyayadhish vilis yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala keeh
tathapi, teey pudhe mhanale qee haah prashna itka mahattvacha aahe qee tyavar twarit todga kadhala jaau shakat nahee aanee asey kelyane prashna maaf keela jaat nahee yaa payavar paksh pudhe jaanyas sahmat hott nahee toparyant karyavahi sthagit kelee jaeel. tyanni nishkarsh kadhalah
parinam.
nirnay dilyanantar, pakshakaranchya vakilanni sahmati darshavali qee nyaykshetrachya prashnavar purvagrah naan thevata khatala pudhe jaeel, jyacha nyayadhish pudhe vichar kartil. tyanantar nyayalayane divasabharachi tehkoob kelee. dusya divashi sakali (17 september) paratalyavar, sakshidarankadun jilongmadhye konatya prakare saksh denyat aalee hotee, visheshtah, tyanna bonjanchya upasthitit nele gele hote qee nahee aanee bonjanla sakshidaranchi ulatatpasani karanyachi sandhee hotee qaa, yavar vaad jhaala. bonjanane tyachyasathi karyavahiche purese bhashantar kelele navhate aanee tyamule tyala tyachya virodhatil khatalyache swaroop samajale navhate, assa purava dekhil denyat aala. yaa paristhitit, kraun prosecutor krokne prakaran pudhe naan jaanyacha nirnay ghetala aanee bonjanla pudhil mahinyachya satraparyant kothadi sunavanyat aalee. pudhchya mahinyat, bonjanla sodanyat aale.
yaa prakarnanantar anek mahinyanni, 15 december 1841 roji, bonjanche bachav vakeel redmond barry yanni aadivasinsathi sthayi vakilache padd sweekarle, jyasathi tyanna pratyek prakaranasathi teen giinii denyat aale. tyaa niyuktinantar lagechach, barryne paach palavancha (truganini aanee tunerminerwaites) bachav keela, jyanchyavar done vailerschee hatya kelyacha aarop hota; barryne yach prakaranat asach yuktivad keela, assa yuktivad keela qee paach british praja naheet aanee nyayalayala konatehi adhikarkshetra nahee (aanee jurine aadivasi lokancha samavesh keela pahije). matra, barry haah khatala harla aanee pachpaiki doghanna fashi denyat aalee.
1836chya "aar. vhee. murel" prakaranatil nyu south velsachya sarvoch nyayalayachya purn khandpithane dilelya aadhichya nirnayashi juj vilisacha nirnay spashttah virodhabhasi hota; nyayadhish vilis tyanchya nirnayachya suruvatila yach prakaranacha sandarbh dett hote, jevha tyanni ghoshit kele qee teey swatahla mukhya nyayadhish forbes aanee nyayadhish berton aanee dolling yanchya nirnayanna bandhil manat naheet. tyaa prakaranat eka aadivasi vyaktichya dusya vyaktine kelelya kathit hatyeshi sambandhit hote aanee nyayalayala adhikarkshetra aahe qaa yaa prashnavar, nyayalayane shevati nirnay ghetala qee tyanni kele. yaa khatalyachya veleparyant mukhya nyayadhish asalelya dowlingne nyayadhish vilisachya nirnayavar teeka kelee aanee mhatale qee, yaa prashnavar 'aar. vhee. murel' heey adhikrut prakaran hote, heey mutt governor gips aanee brittenmadhil adhikaanyaanee mandale. bruce curture suchavatat qee, jarr bonjanla shevati nirdosh mukt kele gele nasate aanee tyaeivaji khatala chalavala gela asata aanee doshi aadhalala nasata, tarr sidneymadhil purn nyayalayadvare adhikarkshetra binduvar sunavani jhaali asatee, jyane jawaljawal nishchitpane nyayadhish vilisache sthan ulthavoon takale asate. gips itka naraj jhaala qee tyane nyayadhish vilisachi ninda kelee. tyanni 24 janewari 1842 roji vasahatvadi sachiv laurd stanly yanna patra lihoon, aadivasi vyaktinmadhil gunhyanvar vasahatvadi nyayalayanna adhikarkshetra aahe heey sunishchit karnyasathi kayada karanyachi vinanti kelee.
aine galbly yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, tyanchi kharee kalji aadivasi lokambaddal nasoon, nyayadhish vilis yancha uddesh nirnayadvare sarkar aanee sidneymadhil tyanchya nyayalayin pratispardhyanna lajjit karane haah hota. nyayadhish villis yanche nyaypalika aanee sarkarmadhil tyanchya sahkanyanshi, pratham uchch canadamadhye, nantar british gayanamadhye aanee sidneymadhyehi, byanch kalapasoon sangharsh suru hota. tathapi, kercher assa yuktivad karatat qee, vilisachi matey, alikadech british west indigemadhye gulamgiricha ant karananya nirmulanvadi chalvalipramanech, tyach gatatoon ghetali gelee hotee aanee teey mhanale qee, "vasahati austreliyatil sarvat mahattvacha kayadeshir adhikari hota jyane aadivasinche swatache kayade aanee pratha aahet yaa kalpanela gambhiryane ghetale".
galbalichya mulyankanachya ulat, stanly yoo, yaa prakaranatil aanee "aar. vhee. murel" madheel nirnayatil farkache shrey, jyavar, kahee asalyas, sarvbhaumatva prapt karnyachya vaidh paddhatincha vapar britishanni austreliyamadhye tyanchya vasahati sthapan kartana keela hota, tyaa vilisachya vicharala deto; jyavar nyayalayane "murel" madhye vichar keela navhata. yeo' neey 'bonjan' madheel nirnayachi tulana 'mabo wii queensland' madheel austreliyachya uchch nyayalayachya 1992 chya nirnayashi dekhil kelee aahe, yaa arthane qee donhi nirnayanni austreliyatil british settlement aanee ingraji samanya kayadyachi suruvat sweekarli, parantu asey mhatale aahe qee keval settlementchi krutee 'sthanik kayade aanee adhikarkshetra sampavanyasathi apuri' hotee. tathapi, "mabo" prakaran, yeo mhanate, heey dekhil manya kele aahe qee "settlement heey sthanik lock rahana pradeshavar sarvbhaumatva sthapit karnyache vistrut swaroop gheu shakate jeey aadhich dusarya european rashtra-rajyachya adhikarkshetrachya adheen navhate" aanee hii paddhat hotee jyadvare austreliyavar sarvbhaumatva sthapit kele gele.
1825 teey 1862 yaa kalavadhit itar nivadak prakaranansah vakeel aanee sainik james gorden legg yanni 1986 madhye 'aar. vhee. murel' madheel purn nyaypithacha nirnay prakashit keela, tarr 'aar. vhee. bonjan' kadhihi kayadyachya ahavalat prakashit jhaala nahee. purn khandpithane 'aar. vhee. murel' chaa nirnay ghetala hota, kinwa vakeel mhanoon kaam karananya vakilanna heey prakaran upalabdh karoon dile gele hote, tyamule visavya shatkat kayadeshir strotanmadhye teey pradhanya sthan rahile. kercherne assa yuktivad keela aahe qee "aar vhee bonjan" madheel nirnayakade (aar vhee ballardmadhil 1829 chya nirnayasah) "adhik laksh dene yogya aahe, kaaran teey bhatkya lokanchya hakkanvaril wattelchya lekhanashi adhik susangat aahet aanee bonjanmadhil villis jeey chya nirnayanusar, kaaran teey itar adhikarkshetratil mool lokanchya vagnukishi adhik susangat aahet."