
francovadi spainmadhil strivad aanee lokshahi sankraman kaal

francovadi spainmadhil strivad aanee lokshahi sankraman kaal eka vishisht samajik-aitihasik sandarbhat jhaala. francovadi kalat spanish strivad anek latanmadhun gela. sthoolpane sangayache tarr, ekonisavya shatkachya madhyapasoon 1965 paryant suru asalelya strivadachya pahilya latet, 1965 teey 1975 darmyan suru asalelya strivadachya dusya latet aanee 1975 teey 2012 darmyan suru asalelya strivadachya tisya latet heey samavisht aahe.
spanish strivadachya pahilya latet, mahilanchya hakkanchya babatit dusya spanish prajasattakache krantikari swaroop asoonahi, spanish samajat pitrusatta tikoon rahilelya kalat mahilanche jeevan sudharanyacha prayatna karananya strivadi sahbhagi hote. pahilya latetil bahutek strivadi haddapar jhaale hote kinwa bepatta jhaale hote, kinwa gruhyuddha sampalyanantar tyanna turungat taknyat aale hote kinwa tyanna mrutyudandachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee hotee. jeey strivadi rahile, teey chhapamar ladhvayye hote. tyanni tyanchya strivadi upkramancha samanvay rajkiy paksh aanee sanghatananshi keela. yaa latatil itar strivadi parinam badalanyacha prayatna karnyasathi audhyogik krutiaivaji aarthik paristhitivar dangli karnyacha cull dakhavtat. mahilanna gharatach maryadit thevana spanish stritvachya tyanchya vyakhyela aavhan dett, rajyane yaa dangli dadapanyacha prayatna keela kaaran tyanna tyaa avishvasaniy vidhvansak vatalya. tyach velee, sarkarne rajya manjuricha strivirodhi swatacha brand dekhil tayar keela. yala mothya pramanat cession femininachya kamandware pathimba denyat aala.
spanish samajat hott asalelya itar badalanna pratisad mhanoon 1960 chya dashakachya madhyat strivadachi dusari laat udayas aalee. mahilanni khulya mahilanche gut aanee gupt strivadi sanghatana tayar karnyas suruvat kelee. simone dii beauvoirchya 'leey duxim seeks' aanee betty friedonchya 'daad feminin mystic' sarkhya strivadi granthancha tyanchyavar prabhav hota, jeey adhik bhoomigat prasarit houu lagale hote. 1975 heey aantarrashtriy mahila varsh spanish strivadyansathi, rajvatichya aateel aanee bahereel donhi bajunsathi eka mahattvache varsh asel, kaaran yamule shevati chalval andharatoon baher padoo shakali aanee aantarrashtriy sambandh prasthapit houu shakale. tyanantar movimiento democratico dii mujeresache kaam suru hoil, jeey association espanola dii mujeres universiterious (aii. emm. yuu.), association espanola dii mujeres seperadas (aii. emm. ess.) aanee gruhini aanee catholic mahila sanghatana (hoow. oo. aii. see., joou. oo. see., maas) yanchyabarobar primeras jornadas suru kartil. yaa chalvalimule frankovadachya shevatchya kalat aanee lokshahi sankramanachya pahilya kalat eka ekikrut aanee lokshahi strivadi vyakhya aanee uddishtanchi yadee vikasit hoil.
lokshahi sankraman kalat spainmadhye strivadachi tisari laat udayala aalee. spainchya paramparik ling bhoomikanna aavhan naan deta mahilansathi kayadeshir aanee samajik badalanche samarthan karananya 'feminismo reformista' saha anek vyapak rupe tyat samavisht hotee. aanakhi eka prakar hota 'feminismo socialista', jyala 'feminismo akrata', 'radical' kinwa 'sexista' asehi mhanatat. strivadacha haah prakar mahilanchya vishisht varg sangharshashi jodalela hota aanee badalavar parinam karnyasathi mahilanni rajkiy prakriyet sahbhagi hone aavashyak aahe assa tyancha vishvas hota. yache eka udaharan mhanje partido feminista. strivadacha tisra prakar hota 'feminismo deey laa igualda' kinwa 'feminismo deey laa differencia'. 1978chee spanish ghatana aanee 1977,1979 aanee 1982chya sarvatrik nivadnukansah, strivadyanni lokshahi sankraman prakriyet sahbhagi honyacha prayatna keela. tyanni garbhanirodhak aanee garbhpat kayadeshir karane, vyabhichar haah faujdari gunha mhanoon samapt karane aanee ghatasfotala kayadeshir tharvane yasah anek karanansathi vakili kelee.
parshvabhoomi.
french kranti sampalyanantar, 1791 madhye olympia dii gaujesane mahila aanee nagarikanchya hakkanchi ghoshana lihili, tevha francemadhye eka jaagtik chalval mhanoon strivad suru jhaala. french mahila tichya kalpanansathi gilotinkade gelee. tichya prayatnanni strivadachya pahilya latechi suruvat kelee. tichya kalpana ingraji bolananya merrie wallstonecraftne swikarlya. 8 march 1908 roji newyorkmadheel eka kapad karkhanyala aag lagali, jyat malkane aaplya mahila kamgaranna aat adakavale. too tyanna 10 taas kaam karnyas bhag padat hota, aanee teey kadoo aanee hiravi fulanchya rangache kapad banavat hote. yaa aagit 129 kamgarancha mrutyu jhaala. teey jyaa kapadavar kaam karat hote, tyache rung aantarrashtriy mahila haqq chalvaliche prateek mhanoon nivadle gele. done varshannantar, samajvadi mahilanchya dusya aantarrashtriy parishadet, german krantikari clara zetkinne prastavit kele qee 8 march haah divas kaam karananya mahilanchya smaranarth sajra keela jaava. tevhapasoon haah divas aantarrashtriy mahila deane kinwa aantarrashtriy kaam karananya mahila deane mhanoon sajra keela jaato. tyaa baithakitil mahilansathi, too divas bhedbhav naan karata kaam karnyachya adhikarachi magani karnyabaddal hota. 1975 paryant spainmadhye haah divas mothya pramanat sajra keela jaat navhata.
spanish strivad pahilyanda 1800 chya uttaradhat vikasit jhaala. french, italian, germany aanee american strivad heey serve spainpeksha vegale vikasit jhaale kaaran teey desh dusya prajasattak kalat aanee francovadi kalat adhik lokshahidrushtya aadarsh sarkaranchya antargat astitvat hote.
strivadachya spanish vyakhya aanee purush aanee striyanmadhil farkancha abhyas ingraji bhashik vyakhyanpeksha vegala aahe, jyamadhye spain ling aadharit jaivik farkacha paya mhanoon vapar karato, tarr ingraji bhashik vegvegalya purush aanee strilingi vaishishtyanvar laksh kendrit karnara ling aadharit drushtikon vapartat, simone dii beauvoirchya kalpananmadhun udhar ghetat, jyanni mhatale hote qee striya janmala yet naheet parantu tyanchya anubhavandvare tayar hotat. spanish sandarbhat, ling haah shabd anekada keval strivad haah shabd vaparane talhanyasathi vaparla jaato.
strivadacha bahutansh abhyas bhashanachya anglo-saxon namunyancha vapar karato. rossie bredotti, giana pomata aanee paola dii coor yasarkhya italian shikshakanchya matey, heey model bhoomadhya strivadachya sandarbhat samasyapradhan tharoo shakate kaaran teey pradeshatil mahilansathi vishisht sanskrutik samanakade durlaksh karate. yachee bharpai karnyasathi, vyapak jaagtik sandarbhat yaa strivadache yogya sthan nishchit karnyasathi samajik-aitihasik sandarbh adhik vistarane sangave, asey pomata suchavatat. hii pratikruti spanish sandarbhat dekhil visheshtah samasyapradhan aahet kaaran bheeti aanee hinsacharadvare kayadeshir tharavalelya jabardastine ektrikaranadvare samajatoon serve stree olakh shuddha karnyacha prayatna karananya frankovadachya swarupakade teey laksh denyat ayashasvi tharatat. yaa sandarbhat, spanish strivad mahilanchya teen bhinn gatanna manya karatoh jyaa mahilanni shasson sweekarle, tyanni pitrusattak model ladale; jyaa mahilanna cession femenina, asean katolika aanee chikas topolino yasarkhya gatanmadhye sahbhag gheuun shasanamadhye swatantryachi degree midali; aanee jyaa mahilanna shasanane dadapalele vatale aanee jyaa mahilanni rajyaviruddha rajkiy pratikarat bhag ghetala.
strivadatil vividh chalvalinche spashtikaran denyasathi lahari eka roopak mhanoon vaparlya jaatat, tarr tyanchyat strivadyanchya vegvegalya pidhyansah tyanchyat pravahita soochit kelee jaate. pratyek laat hii vyaktinchya pidhyantil anubhav aanee strivadi lokanshi sahbhag aanee tyanchya kalpananchi utkranti aanee tyanchya strivadi uddishtanna pathimba denyasathi tyanchyakade asalelya sansadhananchi vyakhya aahe. heey serve vyakti vayanusar badaloo shakatat, jyamule lahariche roopak pudhe jaau shakate. strivadachi pahili laat hii mahilanchya nagrikatvache haqq aanee matdanacha adhikar midvanyavishayi hotee. mahila mothya sankhyene kamgar bajarpethet aanee uchch shikshanat pravesh karat aahet aanee yaa kshetranmadhye tyancha swatacha marg tharvanyachi kshamata aahe, yala pratisad mhanoon strivadachi dusari laat aalee. tisari laat hii kayadyantargat purn kayadeshir samanata asanyabaddal hotee, jyat purushanna shakya hoil tashach prakare tyanchya shariravar niyantran thevanyachya adhikaracha samavesh hota. serve lahari tyanchya laingik bhoomikanche vidhvansak aanee padanukramit pitrusattak jagansathichya tyanchya aavhanamule eksandh aahet. spanish strivadachya serve vegvegalya laharinche eka samanya vaishishtya mhanje tyaa jaivik lingbhedachya vastavamule samajik upekshitata aanee jivanachya kahee bhaganpasun bahishkar houu naye yaa janivvar aadharit hotya. yaa kalat spanish strivadane purush aanee striyanmadhil farkanchya padanukramala satatyane aavhan dile. spainmadhil strivadachi vyakhya mahilansathi samanata midvanyabhovati kelee jaate.
itihas.
francovadi kalat spanish strivad anek latanmadhun gela. sthoolpane sangayache tarr, ekonisavya shatkachya madhyapasoon 1965 paryant suru asalelya strivadachya pahilya latet, 1965 teey 1975 darmyan suru asalelya strivadachya dusya latet aanee 1975 teey 2012 darmyan suru asalelya strivadachya tisya latet heey samavisht aahe.
franco kalatil (1939-1965) strivadachi pahili laat.
spanish strivadachi pahili laat hii itar mahilanna tyanche jeevan sudharanyasathi madat karnyabaddal hotee. dusya spanish prajasattakache krantikari swaroop aanee spanish yadavi yuddh jaree mahilanchya hakkanshi sambandhit asale taree, donhipaiki konatyahi ekacha spanish samajachya mahilanpratichya drushtikonat moolbhut badal jhaala nahee. donhi kalkhandat aanee nantar franco yugat spanish mahilanchya jeevanat pitrusattakatechi mothee bhoomika rahili. spanish yadavi yuddh sampalyanantar, spainchya anek pramukh strivadyanna haddapar karnyas bhag padale gele. francovadi kalatil strivadi heey mothya pramanat tyanche vay aanee tyaa jyaa gruhyuddhat sahbhagi hotya tyaa bajoone vibhagale gele hote. done prathamik vayogat 1910 teey 1930 darmyan janmalelya mahila aanee 1930 teey 1950 darmyan janmalelya mahila hote. 1910 teey 1930 darmyan janmalelya prajasattak mahilansathi, tyanna anekada purvi naan karata aalelya prakare sharanagati patkarnyas bhag padale gele aanee yapaiki anek strivadyanna sakriy chhalala samore jaave lagale. francovadi kalatil suruvatichya kalat strivad aanee samajvadache sambandh bharkatat rahile.
1930, 1940, 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashkatil strivadyansathi eka muddah mhanje teey kadhihi stritva mhanje matrutva yaa rajvatichya vyakhyela yashasviritya aavhan deu shakale naheet. jyanni kele tyanchyakade teey jyaa chalvalitun aale hote tyanche pratinidhi mhanoon pahile jaat navhate. yamadhye hildegart rodrigues aanee lucia sanchez sornil yansarkhya gruhyuddhapoorv kalatil strivadyancha samavesh hota. yaa prakarchya strivadi lokanmadhye federica montsenis, strivadyanni matrutvachi sankalpana swikarane adhik samanya hote.
suruvatichya francovadi kalatil garbhpatabaddalachya arajaktavadi strivadi kalpananchi mahitee gruhyuddhadarmyan catalonia felix marty ibenezchya generalitetchya samanya aarogya aanee samajik sahayya sanchalakanni dilelya udaharanandware dilee hotee, jyamadhye "eugenics sudharana" navachya dhoranasah garbhpatala gupt pratha mhanoon kadhoon takanyache samarthan samavisht hote. tyanchya dhorananmadhye kamgar vargachya mahilanna aarthik dilasa denyacha prayatna karoon, tyanna pathimba dene samavisht hote, jenekarun paryayi garbhpatanchi aavashyakta bhasanar nahee. yadavi yuddhadarmyan, garbhpatala kayadeshir manyata denyas pathimba denara ekmev mahila facistvirodhi gut pomm hota. mujeres libressne garbhpat kinwa garbhanirodhakancha kadhihi ullekh keela nahee. parinami kayadeshiratechya bajoone dhorananna pathimba mukhyatve davya manasanni deela. mahilanni garbhpatakade mahila mukti dhoranacha bhag mhanoon pahile nahee.
suruvatichya francovadi kalat, mukhya pravahatil strivadyanni janm niyantran aanee laingik shikshanavaril kathanavar varchasva gajavanyachi parvanagi mothya pramanat shasanala dilee. tyanni garbhanirodhakachya kayadeshiratevar cession femenina sarkhya tyanchya kahee rajya manjur sansthandvare francoist sarkarla aavhan dile nahee.
franco kalatil suruvatichya kalat spainmadhil bahutansh pratikar haah chhapamar ladhvayyancha parinam hota, jyanni nirvasit rajkiy dahashatvadyanshi aanee turungatil dahashatvadyanshi antargat tyanchya karvaya samanvayit kelya. spainmadhye rahilelya spainchya bahutek dahashatvadi mahila turungat hotya kinwa bhoomigat jhalya hotya, jithe tyanni tinhi gatanmadhil kriyakalapanchya samanvayat mahattvapoorn vyakti mhanoon kaam kele. yaa prakaranatil turung anek dahashatvadi mahilansathi amoolya tharale kaaran tyanni tyanna tyanchya karyakartyanchya jaalyachi punarbandhani karanyachi kinwa naveen jaalyanchi nirmiti karanyachi parvanagi dilee. turungatil bhintinchya mage darroj pratikar karoon franco rajvatila mahilanchya pratikar karnyachya sarvat mothya strotanpaiki teey eka hote. 1940 chya dashakat karyarat asalelya chhapamar gatachya sthapanecha samanyatah mahila bhag navhatya. nantar, eka asantusht vargacha bhag mhanoon, tyanna vaiyaktik aanee rajkiy samparkandware aanale gele. chhapamar gatanmadhye sahbhagi asalelya jawaljawal serve mahila grameen bhagatil hotya aanee tyanchya kutumbat tyaa sahbhagi hotya. heey aadhichya kalapeksha vegale hote, jithe anek mahila ladhvayya madhyamvargatun aanee adhik shahari bhagatoon aalya hotya.
1940 chya dashkatil bahutansh mahila rajkiyadrushtya sakriy navhatya, tyaa chhapamar gut kinwa dahashatvadyanshi sambandhit hotya. tyaa mahila hotya jyaa tyanchya dainandin jivanavar ladalelya adachani, garibi aanee laingik nikashancha samna karat hotya. tyancha samna karnyachya aanee tikoon rahnyachya tyanchya prakriyemule anekada tyanchya vaiyaktik kriyakalapanna sakriyateshi chhedata aale kaaran tyanni sookshmapane shasson aanee shasanane ladalelya maryadans aavhan dile.
1940 chya dashakat chikas topolinocha uday jhaala. eka italian karchya navavarun yaa halchalitil striya corkchya talvyansah ways shooj, gudghyapeksha thode lamb ghalanare scurt, nylon stockings aanee ghatt kapade ghalayachya. teey nachayala gele aanee dhoomrapan kele. tyanna shikagola jaaun american cigaret odhaychi hotee. tyanni amparo revels, koncha monte, irene dunn kinwa mirna loy yasarkhya prasiddha abhinetrinche anukaran karnyacha prayatna keela. teey catalan kinanyavar sarvat pramukh hote, jithe tyanni bikini ghaloon lokanchi badnami kelee. tyanchya kalat, madhyamvargiy mulee aanee mahilancha haah gut 1970 chya dashkatil spanish strivadi hota.
1940 chya dashakat garbhpat jhalelya mahilansathi, mahilanchya bhoomikebaddalchya rajvatichi vaicharik sthitee bighadavanyachya konatyahi janivpurvak prayatnanmule teey asey kartana disale naheet; tyaeivaji, yaa mahila avanchhit garbhadharanechya parshvabhumivar tyanna upalabdh asalele ekmev paul uchalat swatache, tyanchya kutumbache aanee tyanchya aarthik kalyanache rakshan karnyacha prayatna karat hotya.
francoistpoorv kalat, mahila kadhikadhi parinam badalanyacha prayatna karnyasathi audhyogik krutiaivaji dangalicha vapar karat asat. virodh karananya aarthik paristhitichya vaiyaktik bandachya yaa paddhaticha tyanchyavar parinam jhaala, jyamadhye purush samkakshanchya samaan ghatananpeksha qamee dhoka hota, kaaran tyaa striya asalyamule tyaa parinamanpasun mothya pramanat mukt hotya. franco shasanala sattevar aalyavar asha prakarchya mahilanchya kriyakalapanna dadapun takayche hote kaaran teey tyakade vidhvansak aanee tyanna asthir karnyacha prayatna mhanoon pahat hote. purvichya kalkhandapeksha ulat, tyanni mahilanna turungat takale aanee ann dangli ghadavun aanalyabaddal tyanna shiksha kelee. asey asoonahi, 1940 chya dashakat, mahila ajunahi adhunmadhun tyanchya dainandin astitwala dharoon vaiyaktikaritya sanghatit dangalit sahbhagi hott asat. 1940 chya dashakat mahilanchya netrutvakhalil asach eka nishedh, bhakari aanee upasamarivarun teruel shaharatil abhiyojak karyalayachya baher jhaala. ekandarit, heey durmil hote, visheshtah grameen bhagat jethe polisanchi mothee upasthiti hotee aanee naav naan sanganyacha abhav hota. 1940 chya dashkatil mahilanchya vaiyaktik bandachi sarvat mothee krutee mhanje tichya purush natevaikanna communistansarkhya vidhvansak gatanmadhye sameel asalyache chinhankit kelyabaddal guardia sivhilachi ninda karane. carmen cipress haah yaa prakarchya vidhvansak prakaranpaiki sarvat prasiddha hota. 1944 aanee 1945 chya sumaras jawalpas dainandin chhapyanmadhye, jithe police ticha bhagidar see. aine. tii. dahashatvadi aanee chhapamar ladhau jose ramiya cipress yacha shodh ghet hote, carmen cipress asha goshti mhanat asat, "jarr tumhala aatta zopayache asel tarr mallah kashachihi parva nahee. jarr tumhala aatta zopayache asel tarr mea tumchyabarobar zopi jaeen."ajunahi ubdar antharunavar kona zopale hote yaa chaukashila uttar mhanoon.
spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan, pii. see. eae. neey 'purush samore, mahila mage,' haah naara swikarla."(). heey lingvibhakt vichar francoist kalat suru rahile kaaran pii. see. eae. punha bandhale gele. antargat aanee bahya asha donhi thikani purush chhapamar gatanpasoon mahilanna vegale sanghatit kele jayache hote. yaa vicharane, pii. see. eae. neey union dii mujeres espenolaschi nirmiti kelee aanee 1947 madhye tyache naav badaloon union dii mujeres antifacistas espenolas (yume) asey thewale. dolores ibaruri heey yumeche adhyaksh hote. tyache nete mhanoon, tyanni sansthechi vyakhya kelee, pii. see. eae. madheel mahilanchi bhoomika, antargat aanee nirvasit kalat mahilanni kaay kele pahije aanee eka changli gruhini aanee aaee honyachya tyanchya kshamatene mahila tyanchya dahashatvadache nirakaran kase karoo shakatat.
1960 chya dashakat mahilanchya lekhanatil pramukh vishayanmadhye badal disu lagale, mahila samajatil tyanchya bhoomikela aavhan deu lagalya aanee mahilanchya hakkansathi adhik vaad ghaloo lagalya. heey mahilanmadhye aatmasakshatkar, kalpanik kathanmadhye vyakt kelele aanee mahilambaddal vichar karananya prajasattak yugachya punragmanache pratinidhitva karate. yaa lekhakancha franco shasson, catholic church kinwa tyanchya palakanna uddhvast karnyacha hetu navhata, tarr tyaeivaji tyanchi swatachi paristhiti sudharanyacha aanee adhik sandhee nirman karnyacha hetu hota. yaa striya vividh karananmule vaicharikdrushtya ekjoot jhalya navhatya, jyat tyanchi shaikshanik parshvabhoomi, cession feminina sarkhya shasanamadhil manjur sansthanmadhil badal, facist prabhavit frankovadakadun spasht vaicharik drushtikonacha abhav aanee tyanchya shraddha samajik nikashanshi visangat hotya, jyaa tyanna sensorship talhanyasathi adhik samajik sweekrut paddhatinmadhye shodhanyachi aavashyakta hotee. yaa kalat spainmadhil gruhyuddhanantarchya strivadi jivanache varnan karnyasathi mahila kadambarikarancha eka gut udayas aala. yaa mahilanni 1940 chya dashakat lihayala suruvat kelee hotee, 1960 chya dashakat jevha sensors shithil houu lagale tevha dusra samooh tyanchyat sameel jhaala.
1960 madhye seminario daad estudios sociologicos sobre laa mujerchi nirmiti karnyat aalee. udarmatvadi mahila catholic sanghatanecha uddesh shikshanatil bhedbhav sampavane aanee mahilanna karyabalatil sadasya mhanoon vyapak spanish samajat pravesh karnyasathi tayar karane haah hota aanee maria, condessa daad campo alange sarkhya sadasyanmule 1960 aanee 1970 chya spanish mahila chalvalishi tyanche sambandh hote. nantarchya spanish strivadane catholic-aadharit model nakarlyamule tyache mahatva qamee jhaale.
yaa kalat, strivadi lekhakanchya phaar qamee kamanna parvanagi denyat aalee. pramukh apavad mhanje maria campo alange aanee mercedees formicachi kaame. vivahit spanish mahilanvaril nirbandh qamee karananya 1958 chya nagri sanhita sudharananna formica haah eka pramukh aadhar hota. yaa kalat madridmadhye strivadi chetana vikasit karnyasathi formica sakriy hotee. carmen dii bergos, spainchya simone dii beauvoirche 1927 madheel pustak 'laa mujer moderna vaay sus derecos' varr francone bandee ghatali hotee. heey pustak suruvatichya spanish strivadache baibal manale jaat hote. francochya bandinantar heey pustak vismaranat budale.
uchch profile asalyamule kahee mahilanna mahilanchya samasyanvar adhik sahajpane bolanyas saksham kele. heey carmen dii ikaza, baroness dii claretche prakaran hote. franco rajvatishi aanee falangist chalvalishi tiche sambandh nehmich teela anek vartulanmadhye sanshayaspad banavat asat. tine tichya anek samkalinanpeksha mahilambaddal adhik sahanubhootipoorvak lihile asale taree, tine adhikar swikarlyane tee kharee strivadi hotee qaa yavar prashnachinh upasthit jhaale.
francovadi strivadvirodhi.
stritva aanee strivadvirodhi francovadi vichardharanni 1930 aanee 1940 chya dashkatil italian facist aanee german nazinchya vichardhareche pratibimb dakhavale. mahilanchya sabhovatalachya vyapak uddishtanmadhye tyancha vapar loksankhya vadhavanyasathi, deshbhaktipar sanrachanechya bhovati kutumb balkat karnyasathi aanee mahilanchya jivanavar niyantran thevanyasathi karane samavisht hote. francovadane mahilanna tyanchi serve vaiyaktik svayatta hiravoon ghetali. tyat mahilanchi tyanchya samajik naitikatechya aadhare vyakhya kelee gelee. rajyane heey vidhimandaladvare ladale. striya 'aadnyakari, samarpit aanee bhakt' asavyat. jose antonio mhanale qee, "khyan strivadacha samavesh purushanchya bhoomika paar padu ichchinanya striyanmadhye nasava, jyanna aata shreshth manale jaate, parantu stree bhoomikanchya manvi aanee samajik pratishtheshi swatahla adhikadhik aatmasat karnyat asava."father delgado cappins yanni 1953 madhye strivadabaddal mhatale hote," aadhunik strivad [...] anek lokansathi teey kshayache prateek aahe aanee anek aatmyancha pranghatak naash karate... ] aajche lahan cases, shirt scurt asalelya striya, jeey jugar khelatat, pitat aanee dhoomrapan karatat...] manavtevar dukkhad aanee dukkhad parinam aanel."pudhe tyanni asey suchavale qee strivad ranee victoriya, catherine dii medisi kinwa catherine daad gret yanchya sanchemadhye mahilanna aadhunik rakshas bunwell.
francochya spainmadhil kahee strivadyanni sarkari sansthanmadhye thet sahbhagi houn sarkari uddishte modoon taknyacha aanee dhoran badalanyacha prayatna keela. castillion association auph homemakers andd consumers hii eka ashee sanstha hotee jine asha prakarchya strivadi lokanna aakarshit kele, jyancha assa vishvas hota qee badal aatoon viola havah. teey mahilanchya asahmatisathi shasanane swikarlele vahan banale.
stritva.
mahilanchya vibhagache eka uddisht mhanje mahilanchya bhoomikebaddal facist vichardhara aanee mahilanchya vaiyaktik sansthemadhye falengechya shikavanukicha vapar karane, jenekarun 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat tyanna midalelya swatantryache kahise swaroop anubhavu ichchinanya davya mahilanna aakarshit karata yeil. tyanni heey kahee pramanat shaikshanik prayatnandvare aanee rajkiy marg upalabdh karoon deuun kele.
strivadala dushtatecha eka prakar mhanoon chitrit karnyasathi femina dii falangene kaam kele. tyat strivadacha sambandh amali padarthancha durupyog aanee samajala trast karananya itar white goshtinshi jodala gela. rajya samarthit strivad, joou cession femeninachya madhyamatoon vyakt keela gela, tyane spanish mahilanna disanyasathi prateek mhanoon isabelle catholic aanee avilachya teresacha prastav deela. teey pahilyanda yadavi yuddhadarmyan francovadi mahilanni vaparale hote aanee mahilanna aathvan karoon dilee qee tyanchi bhoomika aaee banane aanee pavitra gharguti jeevanat sahbhagi hone hii hotee. 1944 saalee madinachi aavrutti. semanario day laa ess. eff." mhanale, "pratyek striche jeevan, tee jeey kahee dhong karate teey asoonahi, tee jyachyapudhe sharan jaau shakel asha ekhadyala shodhanyachi satatchi ichcha aahe. aichchhik avalambitva, pratyek kshanacha samarpan, pratyek ichcha aanee bhram hii sarvat sunder gosht aahe, kaaran yacha arth premadvare serve white jantu-ahankar, swarth, kshullakpana-door karane assa aahe."
yaa gatane mahilansathi varg dile. dusya prajasattakatil strivadi charchela badnam karane aanee patni aanee maata mhanoon mahilanchi bhoomika paribhashit karnyasathi rajyala pathimba dene yavar tyanche laksh kendrit hote. cession femina yanni krishi aanee praudh shaala, creeda kendre aanee granthalaye tayar karnyasarkhya goshti kelya. tyanni sanskrutik gut aanee charcha gut aayojit kele. tyanni swatache masik prakashit kele. tyanni paramparik grameen jeevan jatan karnyasathi kaam kele. paramparik stritvala protsahan dene, eka changli mulgi mhanoon gharat rahane aanee nantar eka changli patni aanee aaee mhanoon rahane yaa moolbhut uddishtane heey serve kele gele. cession feminachya shikavanukishi sambandhit hii gharguti kaame purn karnyat mahilanna jyaa abhimanachi jaaniv jhaali aahe, tyache varnan gilliana dii febo yanni khrishchan feminism asey kele aahe.
strivadachi dusari laat (1965-1975).
spanish samajat hott asalelya itar badalanna pratisad mhanoon spanish strivadimadhye 1960 chya dashakat eka pidhyanpidhya badal disun aala. yamadhye sthalantar aanee paryatanacha parinam mhanoon paradeshi kalpananshi adhik sampark, mahilansathi shaikshanik aanee rojgarachya vadhalelya sandhee aanee mothya aarthik sudharanancha samavesh hota. franco kalkhandachya uttaradhat aanee sankraman kalavadhichya suruvatichya kalat strivad eksandh navhata. tyache anek vegvegale rajkiy aayam hote. yaa serve vegvegalya chalvalinni spainmadhil mahilanna adhik samanatechi garaj aanee mahilanchya hakkanche rakshan karanyachi garaj yaa tyanchya vishvasat chhed keela. strivad haah vyaktibaheril asalyapasun samoohik asalyakade valala. yach kalat spainmadhye strivadachi dusari laat aalee.
dusari laat spanish strivad haah hukumshahichya sandarbhat mahilanchya hakkansathichya sangharshabaddal hota. mahilansathi ekjoot nirman karnyasathi aanee turungat asalelya rajkiy vyaktinna madat karnyasathi, emm. dii. emm. saha yaa chalvalila protsahan denyasathi, 1965 madhye pii. see. eae. chee suruvat jhaali. 1969 madhye emm. dii. emm. neey tetuan aanee getafechya gruhininmadhye sanghatana sthapan karoon madridmadhye aapali chalval suru kelee. 1972 madhye, sadasyanna aakarshit karanyachi gatachi kshamata vadhavanyasathi association castellana dii amas dii kassa vaay consumidora tayar karnyat aalee.
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant strivadachi dusari laat vinodi samudayat dakhal jhaali. spanish comixmadhye teey done prakare prakat jhaale. pahili gosht mhanje, lekhak aanee kalakar mhanoon comics nirmitimadhye sahbhagi asalelya mahilanchi sankhya vadhali. dusare mhanje, stree patranche chitran kase kele jaate, yamule mahila qamee nishkriy hotat aanee keval laingik prani asanyachi shakyata qamee hote.
samanyatah mahilansathi vishisht nasalelya vyapak rajkiy uddishtanna pathimba denyachya dishene kaam karat, strivadi mahila pii. see. eae., pii. ess. oo. eae. aanee itar rajkiy sanghatananmadhye manyata nasalelya bhoomikanmadhye sahbhagi hotya. 1960 chya dashakapasun mahila gut aanee strivadi sanghatana udayala yeu lagalya. mahila sanghatananna sarkarne sahan kele hote, parantu tyaa purnapane kayadeshir navhatya. anekjan guptapane bhetale aanee tyanchi sankhya qamee hotee. 1964 madhye mahila sanghatananna kayadeshiraritya parvanagi denyat aalee tevha heey badaloo lagale. 1974 aanee 1975 madhye, purn mahila sanghatana navhatya kaaran sarkarla aavashyak hote qee tyanchyakade 19 peksha jaast sadasya asavet aanee catholic church ajunahi asha sanghatananchya adhikrut manyatela nirutsahit karnyachya prayatnat guntalele hote. 1965 teey 1975 yaa kalat, spanish strivad heey yaa mahila sanghatananche, davya rajkiy pakshanchya mahila vibhaganche aanee vidyapithatil mahila vidyarthi aanee mahila vakilansarkhya vishisht uddesh asalelya mahila gatanche kaam hote. 1960 chya dashakachya madhyat gut tayar karnyas suruvat karnare heey strivadi anekada sanghvadi aanee rajkiy gatanmadhun aale hote. yaa sanghatananni strivadi aanee sanghvadhyanmadhye aswasth sambandh prasthapit kele, aanee sanghavadyanni strivadi uddishtanna pathimba deela.
1960 madhye samajshastra sobra laa mujerchi nirmiti karnyat aalee. udarmatvadi mahila catholic sanghatanecha uddesh shikshanatil bhedbhav sampavane aanee mahilanna karyabalatil sadasya mhanoon vyapak spanish samajat pravesh karnyasathi tayar karane haah hota aanee maria, condessa dii campo alange sarkhya sadasyanmule 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashkatil spanish mahila chalvalishi tyanche sambandh hote. nantarchya spanish strivadane catholic-aadharit model nakarlyamule tyache mahatva qamee jhaale.
1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila anek mahila sanghatana shejarchya gatanshi jodalelya hotya. teey strivadabaddal qamee hote aanee frankovirodhi kriyakalapanna kinwa rajkiy kinwa sanghvadi uddishtanna pathimba denyabaddal adhik hote.
1960 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant, barcelonasthit vakeel lydia falcon yanni spainmadhil eka aaghadichi strivadi mhanoon swatahla asha velee sthapit kele hote jevha deshatil mahila mukti chalvalit itar european deshanmadhye aanee americet aadhalanari aupcharik vichardhara aanee rachana navhati. tyach velee, simone dii beauvoirche 'leey duxim seeks' aanee betty friedonche 'daad feminin mystic' yasarkhe strivadi grunth adhik bhoomigat prasarit houu lagale, jyamule udayonmukh mahilanchya chalvalila aakar denyat madat jhaali. 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat, spainchya aateel aanee bahereel strivadyanni spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan mujeres libressne bajavalelya mahattvachya bhoomikechi olakh patavanyas suruvat kelee.
1969 madhye, madridmadhil maria tello nunez yanni, federation international daad mujeres daad carreras juridicas parishadet, spainchya nagri sanhiteantargat mahilanchya hakkanvar eka lekh sadar keela. heey sadarikaran 1971 madhye association spanish day mujeres nyayshastradnyanchya nirmitila prerana deil. 2 meey 1975 roji jhalelya badalansah kelelya kautumbik kayadyat sudharana karane heey yaa gatache uddisht hote.
frent armado feminista haah 1970 chya sumaras tayar jhalela strivadi gut hota, joou franco rajvatichya hinsak ulthapalathisathi samarpit hota. tyachya sadasyanmadhye isabelle grau, ines fuentes fernandez, marta egviller gallego, piller ortega garcia aanee mayate cabalero hidalgo yancha samavesh hota. khrist rajachya dharmayuddhatil nandware chalavalya jaananya barcelona yetheel trinitat vela mahila turungatil eka sanlagn bhagavar hallah karanyachi valencia-aadharit gatachi yojana hotee. gatatil konachahi vidyarthi chalvalinshi kinwa sanghvadi upkramanshi sambandh naslyamule, tyanna vatale qee teey rajya palat rakhanyapasun surakshit aahet. yaa gatane mahilanchya hakkanshi sambandhit asalyane tyanchya rajvatichya magnyancha swatacha jahirnama tayar keela. polisanna tyanchya yojana sapadalya aanee mahilanni itar kagadpatre, jahirname, pustake aanee masike yasah tyanchya yojananche serve purave lapavanyacha prayatna keela. tarihi, tyanna ajunahi 'shahari chhapilanchya pustikechi' tyanchi prat sapadali. police mahilanna hinsakpane marhan karatat aanee yenanya kalat bahutek aatmahatya karanyachi aspasht karane kinwa nyayalayabahya hatyanmule martil. parinami, yaa ghatanecha parinam mhanoon aanee itar sambandhit vidyarthi aanee karmchanyanna tabyat ghetalyamule, valencia vidyapithachya prashasakeey mandalane shikshakanviruddha dadapshahi dhorane lagoo karnyas suruvat kelee, adhyapan kararanche nutanikaran naan karnyat adhik rajkiy hote aanee vidyarthyanviruddha nirbandh ghetale.
spainmadhye garbhpat bekaydeshir asalyane, 1970 chya dashakat, jyaa spanish mahila heey paravadu shakat hotya tyaa garbhpat karnyasathi londonla gelya. 1974 saalee londonmadhye 2,863 spanish mahilancha garbhpat jhaala. 1975 saalee londonmadhye 4,230 spanish mahilancha garbhpat jhaala hota. 1976 madhye chaar mahinyanchya kalavadhit 2,726 spanish mahila garbhpatasathi londonla gelya. 1979 saalee londonmadhye 16,433 spanish mahilancha garbhpat jhaala. 1981 madhye 22,000 spanish mahila garbhpatasathi londonla gelya. qamee paryay asalelya garib mahilanchya potat konitari marlyane tyancha kadhikadhi garbhpat hoto. mahilanchya prajnan aarogya aanee janm niyantranabaddal tayar keleli pahili sanstha 1976 madhye madridmadhye federico rubio yanni ughadali. association daad mujeres daad aluche heey purvichya mahilanchya prajnan aarogya aanee janm niyantran kendranpaiki eka hote, jeey hukumshahi sampalyanantarchya pahilya varshant nirman jhaale.
franco kalavadhichya uttaradhat aanee prarambhik sankraman kalavadhitil ghatasfot charchchya nyayadhikaranandvare upalabdh hota. hii nyayalaye shulk aakarun vivah radd karoo shakatat. parinami, teey bahutek fakt shrimantansathi upalabdh hote, yaa raddabatalatechya sarvat prasiddha prakaranmadhye isabelle presler aanee carmensita martinage bordieu yancha samavesh hota.
1975 aantarrashtriy mahila varsh.
1967 pasoon congress aantarrashtriy daad laa mujer aayojit karnyacha prayatna karat hotee. 1969 madheel arthsankalpiy karanansah tyanchya suruvatichya prayatnanna anek varshe vilamb jhaala. shevati 1970 madhye madridmadhye 7-14 junpasoon congress aayojit karnyat aalee. 44 deshantil 900 lock upasthit hote. 1975 madhye sanyukt rashtranchya mahila varshachi sthapana karnyat hii parishad mahattvachi bhoomika bajavel. lock aanee gut mahasangh aantarrashtriy days fame days carriers juridics, sansthapak maria tello, universid dii madrid samajshastradnya aanee pradhyapak maria engels durran, maria moliner aanee maria dell campo alange, gruhininchya sanghatana aanee italian itihaskar giulia gadaleta. bahutansh vyakti vyakti mhanoon aale, vegvegalya sansthanche adhikrut pratinidhi mhanoon nahee. yache kaaran asey qee anek sahbhagi tyanchya sansthankade, mahila adhikaranchya babatit, jyaa sansthela teey pratigami manatat, tyaa sansthela pathimba denanya sansthepramane pahanyas sankoch karat hote. garbhpat, ghatasfot aanee garbhanirodhak heey spanish mahilanchi paristhiti samajoon ghenyasathi mahattvache hote asey anek upasthitanna vatat asoonahi, yaa vishayanvar mahilanchi bhoomika asalyamule heey vishay mothya pramanat maryadebaher hote. mulanchya garja aanee mahilancha sarvajanik jeevanat samavesh kassa karava yavar charcha karnyasathi cession femina yanni karya gatanna chalavanyacha prayatna keela. conferences cession feminina itar spanish aanee aantarrashtriy mahila gatanshi sampark sadhate. mahilanvar rajyane kelelya parasparvirodhi magnyanmule spainmadhye samajik ulthapalath houu lagalyane, cession feminina yaa gatankade yapudhe durlaksh karoo shakat nahee, heey vastav hote.
aantarrashtriy mahila varsh aayojit karnyacha hetu sanyukt rashtranni 1972 madhye jaheer keela hota. tyanantar cession feminina mahilanchya sabhovatalachya sanyukt rashtra yojanansathi mukhya sanghatana honyasathi eka rajkiy moheem suru kelee. heey karnyas saksham asalelya itar konatyahi sansthechya anupasthitit, sarkarne sahmati darshavali aanee tyancha nirnay decreto 950/1974 madhye prakashit keela. mahilanna aksham karananya kayadyanmadhye sudharana karnyachya kinwa tyanna nasht karnyachya yojnambaddalchya vidhanansah shasanane yache anusaran kele. mahilanchya badalatya samasyanna samore jaatana, sarkarche adhyaksh arias navarro yanni 1974 madhye aantarrashtriy mahila varshapurvi sangitale qee, spenla 'assal aanee fayadeshir spanish strivad' chee garaj aahe, jyache mool spanish aahe aanee paradeshi prabhavapasun mukt aahe. teey aaplyapeksha vegalya kinwa vikasachya atishay vegalya sthiteet asalelya paramparanchya samudayanmadhun yeu naye."navarro bahudha cession femeninasathi pathimba darshavat hota, aanee mercedees formica aanee maria engels durran sarkhya tyaa kalatil itar patra spanish strivadyansathi nahee. mahilechya varshapurvi, sarkarne spanish mahilanchya sthitichi chaukashi karnyasathi aath aayog tayar kele. teey hote, "sanyukt rashtranmadhil aanee aantarrashtriy sanghatananmadhil mahilanche aantarrashtriy varsh"; "avyavasthit aanee upekshit mahilanchya paristhitiche vishleshan"; "mahila aanee samajik kalyan"; "mahila aanee kaam"; "shikshan aanee sanskratitil mahila"; "samajik-aarthik vikasatil mahila"; "mahila aanee kutumb"; aanee "nagri-samajik aanee rajkiy samudayatil mahila". sarkarne yaa aayoganchya ahavalancha vapar 1975 madhye prakashit jhalelya done ahavalanchi nirmiti karnyasathi keela. teey 'laa situation day laa mujer aine spana' aanee 'memoria dell aano international day laa mujer' hote. aayojak aanee sarkarcha hetu asoonahi, sanyukt rashtranchya mahila varshakade spainmadhil bahutek mahilanni mothya pramanat durlaksh kele kinwa adnyat rahile.
sanyukt rashtranche 1975chey aantarrashtriy mahila varsh spainmadhye prachand prabhavshali hote kaaran teey spainmadhil udayonmukh strivadi chalvalishi sambandhit hote. 1975chya sanyukt rashtranchya aantarrashtriy mahila varshacha fayda ghet spanish mahilanni shasson vyavastheshi sambandhit mahilanchya hakkanvishayi tyanchya gruhakendrit chinta vyakt kelya. mahilanvishayichya kayadyanche magasalepan aanee bhedbhavpurn swaroop tyanni nidarshanas aanoon dile. meey 1975 madhye mahilansathiche nirbandh kayadeshiraritya shithil karnyat vakeel maria telone mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. 1975 chya sanyukt rashtranchya aantarrashtriy mahila varshachya prakashat aapali aantarrashtriy pratima badalanyachya prayatnancha eka bhag mhanoon sarkarne nirbandh uthavanyas parvanagi dilee.
1975 saalee, sanyukt rashtranchya mahilanchya aantarrashtriy varshat, banco dii bilbao yanni eka durchitravani jahirat kelee jyat mahilanna tyanchyabarobar khaatee ughadanyas protsahit kele gele, jyat mhatale hote qee, "tee drudh chaal hii aaplya kalatil striche, kaam karananya aanee aapala vel jagana jababdar striche prateek aahe. aanee pahilyandach, teela, eka banq maitricha haah sandesh, stuticha haah aadar vyakt karate."
spainche kamgar aanee rajkiy sanghatananshi asalelya strivadi sambandhanmule, 8 march roji aantarrashtriy mahila deane haah dye international day laa mujer trabazadora mhanoon adhik olakhala jaat asey aanee tyat kamgaranchya prayatnanmadhye mahilanche mahatva darshavinyasathi samanya sump samavisht hota.
lokshahichi chalval.
movimiento democratico dii mujeres (emm. dii. emm.) hii sarvat mahattvachya francovadi virodhi sanghatananpaiki eka hotee. spainmadhil francovadi kalatil uttaradhat aanee lokshahi sankramanat tyanni strivadi punarutthanat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali.
1965 saalee barcelonamadhye communist aanee catalan samajvadi mahilanni emm. dii. emm. aine. chee nirmiti kelee. emm. dii. emm. chya mukhya samasyanmadhye annadhanyache darr qamee karane, adhik crosswalk tayar karoon padchadhyanchi suraksha sudharane aanee rajkiy kaidyanshi ekata darshavine yasah pii. see. eae. chey mudde pratibimbit jhaale. pii. see. eae. chaa assa vishvas hota qee heey ekmev mudde aahet jyasathi gruhininna ekatra kele jaau shakate. samajik-rajkiy uddishte sadhya karnyacha prayatna karat asatana uttar spainmadhil itar mahilanmadhye yaa sansthela patkan gupt pathimba midala. tyanchya ughad strivadi vichardharanmule, kahee samarthakanna chinta hotee qee emm. dii. emm. chya 'saksham sainyadal' mule tyanchi parinamkarakta qamee hoil kaaran teey thos rajkiy uddishtanchya dishene kaam karnyacha prayatna karat hote. hii sanstha spanish strivadyanchya done vegvegalya kalkhandatun aalee. pahila, dusya prajasattakatun francovadi spainmadhye jhalelya badalamule sarvadhik tras sahan karananya vruddha mahilancha samuday hota. dusra gut 'pro preso' pidhi mhanoon olakhala jaat asey, jee gupt shejarchya netrutvakhalil sakriyatedvare vayane aalee. yacha arth sansthechi strivadi uddishte kadhikadhi sangharshat hotee aanee sadasyanna strivadi asanyacha arth kaay aahe yaat vaicharik matbhed margi lavave lagat asalyane tyanchi vyakhya neat kelee jaat navhati. 1969 madhye, pii. see. eae. aanee catalan samajvadi yanchyatil yaa vaicharik farkanmule sanstheche kataloniyamadhye vibhajan jhaale. madridmadhye pii. see. eae. adhik sanghatit asalyamule, emm. dii. emm. tethe aanee pii. see. eae. chya itar balekillyanmadhye chaloo rahile.
emm. dii. emm. neey sakriy upkramanvaril sarkarchya nirbandhanna aavhan denyachya tyanchya gupt prayatnancha eka bhag mhanoon, gruhini aanee grahakanchya shasanamarfat manjur kelelya castillion sanghatanemadhe ghuskhori karnyacha prayatna keela. jeey ayashasvi tharale, emm. dii. emm. neey tyanchi swatachi sanstha, castillion gruhini sanghatana () sthapan kelee.
1974 madhye, emm. dii. emm. neey tyanche naav badaloon moviminto parra laa liberacion day laa mujer (emm. dii. emm.-emm. ell. emm.) asey kele aanee tyanchya rajkiy sakriyatet adhik spashtapane strivadi banale. yaa navya kalat, tyanchyavar anek davya sanghatananni hallah keela, jyancha assa vishvas hota qee teey khoop madhyamvargiy aahet aanee strivadi uddishtanvar laksh kendrit karane heey spainmadhil vyapak varg aadharit sangharshapasun vichalit karane hote. tyach velee, emm. dii. emm.-emm. ell. emm. neey mahilanvaril paramparik pitrusattak davya vicharsaranichya drushtikonanna dekhil aavhan dile. communist, mahila virodhi aanee shasanvirodhi asalyabaddalhi tyanchyavar adhikarane hallah keela. mahilanchi rajkiy uddishte sadhya karnyasathi tyanna purush karyakartyanchi garaj aahe qee nahee kinwa pitrusattak vishvasanna aavhan denyasathi tyanni lingbhedane vegale rahile pahije qee nahee yabaddal gatala antargat matbhedanna samore jaave lagale.
primers jornada.
1974 saalee barcelonamadhye suru jhalelya, eka ekikrut aanee lokshahi strivadi vyakhya aanee uddishtanchi yadee vikasit karnyasathi association spanola dii mujeres universiterias (aii. eae. emm. yuu.), association spanola dii mujeres seperadas (aii. eae. emm. ess.) aanee gruhini aanee catholic mahila sanghatana (hoow. oo. aii. see., joou. oo. see., maas) yasarkhya vividh strivadi gatanmadhye sampark sadhala gela. eka karyakram tayar karnyat aala, eka vyaspeeth vikasit karnyat aale aanee parishad aayojit karanyachi kalpana mandanyat aalee. barcelona yetheel gatanni pratham dastaivajala manyata dilee, galicia, valencia aanee aandalusiyatil mahila gatannihi lavkarach tyavar swakshari kelee. hyamule, primeras jornadas pore laa liberation day laa mujerchi biyane ruju hotil, madridmadhil conception parisarat 6 teey 8 december 1975 darmyan francochya mrutyunantar keval done aathvadyanni ardh-gupt parishad aayojit kelee jaat hotee, jyat 500 mahila sahbhagi jhalya hotya. parishadet, sahbhaginni 100 hoon adhik sahbhaginni swakshari kelelya rajkiy tharawala manyata dilee, joou nantar prasarmadhyamandhye prakashit jhaala. jahiranamyat shikshan, rojgar, kutumb aanee samaj yaa vishayancha samavesh hota.
1975 chya primers jornadas pore laa liberation deey laa mujerchya dastaivajat vicharale geleh
francovadi aanee sankraman kalatil (1975-1982) strivadachi tisari laat.
spainmadhil anek lokansathi, 20 december 1973 roji itane kelelya hallyat lui carrero blancocha mrutyu jhalyane spainche lokshahit sankraman suru jhaala. sankraman kalavadhicha shevat samanyatah 1982 madhye manla jaato, jyaa nivadnukanmadhye sooe sattevar aale.
jaree anek vegvegale vyapak prakar hote, taree frankonantarchya kalat strivadache vargikaran karane sope navhate. eka prakar hota 'feminismo reformista', jyane spainchya paramparik ling bhoomikanna aavhan naan deta mahilansathi kayadeshir aanee samajik badalanche samarthan kele. aanakhi eka prakar hota 'feminismo socialista', jyala 'feminismo akrata', 'radical' kinwa 'sexista' asehi mhanatat. strivadacha haah prakar mahilanchya vishisht varg sangharshashi jodalela hota aanee badalavar parinam karnyasathi mahilanni rajkiy prakriyet sahbhagi hone aavashyak aahe assa tyancha vishvas hota. yache eka udaharan mhanje partido feminista. strivadacha tisra prakar hota 'feminismo deey laa igualda' kinwa 'feminismo deey laa differencia'. 1970 chya dashkatil spanish strivadane mahilanna tyanchya prajnan kshamatechya palikade aaee bananyachi vyakhya kelee. tyat mhatale aahe qee, striya tyanchya prajnan nivadivar aanee tyanchya swatachya laingiktevar sharirik niyantran thevanyas patra aahet.
1970 chya dashakat spainmadhye strivadachi tisari laat aalee. itar anek pashchatya deshanpramanech yaa chalvaline strivadachi vyakhya samajik, rajkiy aanee sanskrutik chalval ashee kelee. spanish strivadachi tisari laat hii davya mahilanmadhil uchch-profile bhandanancha aanee purush varchasva asalelya rajkiy sanghatananchya vadhatya sahbhagacha parinam hotee. strivadachi hii naveen laat, tyanchya samaan navachya american samakakshanpeksha adhik spashtapane samajvadi aanee rajkiyadrushtya tyanchya drushtikonatun vargavar laksh kendrit karoon, samaan aanee lakshaniyaritya vegali hotee. spanish strivadachi tisari laat mahilanchya swatachya pradhanye aanee dhorane paribhashit karnyachya kshamatetil svayattatevar kendrit hotee. latanchya suruvatichya itihasatil pramukh sanghatana mhanje frent dii liberation dii laa mujer, jyachi sthapana 1976 madhye madrid yethe jhaali. itar tisya latechya strivadi mahilanni partido feminist (pii. eff.) aanee seminario collectivo feminista yaa sansthechi sthapana kelee, jyachi sthapana 1976 madhye jhaali, parinami pii. eff. madhye phoot padali.
yaa kalatil strivadyansathi eka pramukh yash mhanje teey stritva heey matrutvabhovati paribhashit kele jaate yaa pramukh kathanala aavhan denyas saksham hote. tyanni samayik stree anubhav, nivad karanyachi kshamata, samajik pravasacha karyakram aanee matrutvapasun vegala swatacha itihas tayar karnyachya aadhare ling olakh nirman kelee.
francovadi kalachya shevati spanish strivadamadhye pahilya mahayuddhachya samaptinantar itar paschim europeey deshanni anubhavalelya sankatasarkhech sankat disale, jyamule nantar strivadi karyat shithilata aalee. 1979 teey 1982 yaa kalat, anek strivadi, naveen spanish rajyaghatanet tyanni tyanchi anek uddishte sadhya kelee aahet asey mahilanna vatat asatana, nishkriy jhaale. 1983 madhye strivad punha vegat aala, jevha samajvadi sarkarne sarkar aanee sanskratitil pitrusattak sanrachana kadhoon taknyachya uddeshane mahilansathi sansthechi sthapana kelee, tarr anek mahila gatanna nidhi deela aanee spainmadhil mahilanchya itihasachi chaukashi kelee.
1974 teey 1978 yaa kalavadhit, strivadyanni garbhpat, garbhanirodhak, vyabhichar aanee veshyavyavasayashi sambandhit gunhyansathi turungat asalelya doshinna doshi tharvilya gelelya mahilansathi mafisathi nishedh keela. yaa strivadyanvar polisanni ashrudhurachya nalkandya aanee dhumadyachya bombcha vapar karoon hallah keela. strivadyanni vyabhichar, kamgarvargatil samanata, ekatra yenyacha adhikar, sump karanyachi kshamata aanee chalvalinna mahilansathi apmanaspad vatananya pratima dadapanyachya samarthanarth nidarshane kelee.
francochya mrutyunantar, salamanka yaa puranmatvadi shaharat strivadache punarutthan jhaale. tyancha sangharsh vartamanpatre, redio aanee masikanmadhye disun yet hota, kaaran tyanni strivad aanee tyachya rajkiy vibhajananvar charcha kelee hotee. 1975 teey 1985 yaa kalat salamankamadhil strivadi catholic charchdware ghatasfot, garbhpat aanee janmaniyantranababatchya sambhashanat sameel jhaale hote.
franco aanee sankraman kalat samalingi purush adhik drishyaman samalingi asoonahi, mahila lekhak antim franco varshant aanee sankramanachya pahilya varshant sarasari spanish vachkansathi sahityat samalaingikta samanya karnyat aaghadivar asateel. ester tusketsarkhya mahila lekhakanni mahilanchya ichchhesarkhe nishiddha vishay modoon pahile. lesbianwad haah mahilansathi eka naisargik antim bindu mhanoon pahanara rajkiy strivad haah yaa kalatil kahee strivadi karyanmadhye eka motha vishay banoo lagla.
sankraman kalat strivadyanna ashlilatecha muddah swarasyapoorn asala taree, too tyanchya rajkiy upkramancha kendrabindu navhata kaaran yaa vishayala gambhiryane bhet denyapurvi tyanna itar uddishte hotee jyavar tyanna pratham kaam karayache hote. yaa kalatil ashlilatevar bahutansh nishedh samanyatah laingik sambandhanna virodh karananya aanee adhik paramparik kutumb kendrit kalkhandat parat yenyachya prayatnat asalelya puranmatvadi mahilankadun jhaale.
strivadi chalvalinchi tisari laat.
"1960 chya dashkatil marksvadi tattvadnyanatun 'narivad-samajvad' udayala aala. mahilanchi mukti hii rajkiy sudharananmadhun kinwa kayadeshir samanatesathichya ladhyatoon udbhavat nahee, tarr mahilanna karyabalat purnapane samavisht karoon aanee gharguti kamanche samajikikaran karoon udbhavate yaa kalpanevar aadharit hotee. mahilankade samajik shramancha eka vegala varg mhanoon pahile jaate jyala sanrakshanachi aavashyakta asate. strivadachya samajvad' magche tatvadnyan spasht karananya pramukh mahilanpaiki vanaspati tristan, alejandra kolontai aanee clara zetkin yaa kahee hotya. spanish sandarbhat yaa chalvalichi vyakhya karananya teen sarvat mahattvachya mahila mhanje zillah eisenstein, chantal mauf aanee sheela robotham.
"feminismo deey laa igualda" aanee "feminismo deey laa deferencia" heey 1970 chya dashakat disalelya tisya-laharichya kattarpanthi strivadache spanish auph-shots aahet.
"feminismo deey laa igualdad' madhye shramachya laingik vibhaganisah purushanchya bhovati jagachi rachana kashee jhaali yachee gambhir tapasani samavisht hotee.
"strivad deey laa differencia' heey 'stree asane sunder asate' asey bodhvakya hote."haah drushtikon lingbhedabhovati paribhashit keela jaato, linganmadhil vishamatebhovati nahee. tyat strivadacha eka prakar prastavit keela gela joou davya, udarmatvadi aanee marksvadi vichardharanpasun vegala hota aanee adviteey strivadi hota. victoria sendon dii leone strivadachi hii shakha spasht kelee, "samanatechya ulat mhanje farak nahee, tarr asamanata, aamhi samanatepasun bhinnatela virodh keela aahe, jevha pratyakshat matbhed kayam thevalyashivay kharee samanata sadhya karane shakya nahee, anyatha teey keval eka zotane vasahatvadapeksha adhik kahee nasel."
1975chey primers jornadas.
1975 saalee francochya mrutyunantar lagechach spanish strivad aamulagra badalala, decembermadhye madridmadhye 'primeras jornadas pore laa liberacion day laa mujer' haah utsav aayojit karnyat aala. barcelonamadhye mothya pramanat pathbal asalelya purvichya chalvalivar bandhalele heey pahile divas spanish strivadacha chehara badaltil. yaa suruvatichya kalat eksandh bahulvadi strivadacha kaal nirman jhaala aanee vividh prakarchya strivadi gatanchi nirmiti jhaali.
frankonantarchya kalat, strivadi vyabhichar, ghatasfot, teen mahinyanpurvi garbhpat aanee janm niyantranachya kahee prakaranna gunhegari tharvanyat yashasvi jhaale. jyanna ghatasfot havah hota tyanna tyat dharmik vivahansathi diwani ghatasfotancha samavesh havah hota. frankonantarchya kalat, vyabhicharala faujdari gunha banavnara kayada radd karnyachya tyanchya dhyeyasathi spainmadhil strivadi ekjoot hote. tyanchya prayatnanmadhye anek anamik mahila aanee kahee purush sameel jhaale. tyanna tyanchya uddishtanna purogami rajkiy pakshancha pathimba midala. strivadi aanee lesbian asha donhi prakarchya vagnukibabat tyaveli vaad jhaale hote. tyaa kalatil lesbian rajkiy chalvaline mothya pramanat assa nishkarsh kadhala qee lesbian laingikta "saumya kinwa aakramak asanyachi kinwa konatyahi strivadi kinwa strivadi paddhatiche anusaran karanyachi garaj nahee."tatkal sankraman kalat kahee kattarpanthi strivadi franco rajvatine dadapalelya tyanchya laingiktevar niyantran thevanyacha eka prakar mhanoon lesbiyanvadachi nivad kartil. "1975 chya akheris 'laingikta hii matrutvachi nahee' () hii anek strivadi aanee strivadi sanghatananchi ghoshana bunley. tyaa kalatil strivadi lokanni redio, durdarshan aanee madhyamancha vapar karoon tyancha sandesh vadhavanyacha prayatna keela. tyanni tyanchya mitrapakshanna tyancha sandesh yaa madhyamanvar nenyacha prayatna keela. yacha parinam strivadyanna ugra-ujavya vicharsaraniche lakshya banavanyacha jhaala, jyanni strivadyanna dhamkavale, tyanna ratri bolavale aanee kadhikadhi tyanna thaar maranyachi dhamki dilee.
janewari 1976 madhye 2,000 mahilanni paseo deey laa castellana yetheel rashtrapatinchya mukhyalayakade morcha kadhala, 3 mahilah tumchya muktisathi ladha. sameel vha!"tyanna goya jawal sashastr polisanni lathee gheuun rokhale. rakhadi ganvesh asalelya polisanni bahutansh mahilanna rashtrapatinchya mukhyalayat pohochane ashakya kele. meey 1976 madhye barcelona vidyapithat eka catalan primerous jornadas karyakram aayojit karnyat aala hota, jyat 4,000 hoon adhik mahila upasthit hotya. partido feminista dii espenchi sthapana 1975 madhye lydia falcon yanni kelee hotee, jee 1979 madhye barcelonamadhye sthapan jhaali aanee 1981 madhye nondanikrut jhaali. association university parra ell estudio dii losses problemas dii laa mujer (aaa.yuu.pii.eae.pii.emm.) haah salamanka yethe sthapan jhalela pahila mahila gut hota. mishra ling sanghatana 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila universid anupalan daad madrid nirmit sansthechi shakha mhanoon tayar karnyat aalee. 1976 madhye tyala kayadeshir manyata denyat aalee.
duheri dahashatvadachya muddyane swatantryachya kalat pantpradhanansathi samasya nirman jhalya. kahee sahbhaginna madridchya carabanchel turungatil rajkiy kaidyanchi sutka aanee mafichya maganisathi eka samanya nidarshanala upasthit rahayache hote. itar mahilanna madridchya yeshariyas turungasamor nishedh karayacha hota, jithe mahila rahatat. byanch charchenantar, gatane primera jornada nilambit naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala aanee tyaeivaji sahbhaginna tyanchi ichcha asalyas konatehi pratyakshik nivadanyachi parvanagi dilee. yamule vyapak strivadi chalval ektrit aanee ektrit honyas madat jhaali.
1976 spanish rajkiy sudharana janmat.
1975 aanee 1976 darmyan, rajkiy swatantrya midvane aanee rajkiy kaidyanna maafee midvane heey spainchya davya rajkiy sanghatananche eka pramukh uddisht hote. september 1976 paryant tyanna aanshik maafee milel. spanish strivadala ekjoot rahnyasathi aanee tyaa kalatil vyapak rajkiy sangharshanmadhye villin naan honyasathi sangharsh karava lagla. khrist rajachya evangelical dharmayuddhanchya kramachi nun, spanish yadavi yuddhadarmyan prajasattak kaidyanvar dekhrekh thevanyachya uddeshane tayar karnyat aalya hotya. khrist rajachya evangelical dharmayuddhanchya kramane kataloniyatil trinitat vela mahila turung chalavun franco rajvatit tyanche kaam suru thewale. garbhpat kelyabaddal 30 takke aanee samajik dhokyachya kayadyache ullanghan kelyabaddal 50 takke asha anek prakarchya vishisht gunhyansathi mahila turungat hotya. jyaa mahilanna tyanchi pratishtha parat midvayachi hotee asha patit mahilanna madat karnyachya uddeshane nanani punarshikshanache shasson dhoran lagoo kele."
francochya mrutyunantar, shejaril mahila aanee itar lock kaidyanchya sadhyachya najarkaidet nishedh karnyasathi aanee tyanna maafee denyachi magani karnyasathi darr ravivari dupari kataloniyatil trinitat vela mahila turungabaher bhetayache.
plataforma dii organizacions vaay groupose dii mujeres dii madridne 20 aktoobar 1976 roji eka prasiddhipatrakat jaheer kele qee tyanchi chalval vaicharikdrushtya eksandh navhati, parantu mahilanvaril bhedbhavacha serve samajik pailunmadhye samna karane aavashyak aahe, spanish samajat spanish kutumbanchi sankalpana purush-mahila sambandhanchya palikade badalanyachi garaj aahe yabaddal jagrukta vadhavanyachi garaj aanee naveen spanish rajyatil serve nagarikanchya swatantryachi hummy denanya lokshahila pathimba dene yasah kahee pramukh muddyanvar teey moolbhootpane sahmat aahet, jyamule mahilanchya dainandin jeevanat lakshaniy badal ghadu shaktil.
magda oranich yanni 1976 madhye strivadachi vyakhya ashee kelee qee, "yaa shabdacha arth jyacha serve khol arth aahe asha strivadi asane mhanje adhik nyayya samajasathi ladha dene, jithe serve purush aanee striyanna purnapane samaan adhikar aanee jababdanya aahet. aaplya deshatil strivadi asane mhanje mahilanna bhedasavana vishesh atyacharanna shakya karananya anyaykarak sanrachananviruddha aanee aaplya samajatil sarvat durlakshit thikani purushatva aanee phalocratic yojananna samavisht karananya sampoorn vaicharik adhisanrachanaviruddha ladha dene. "strivadi sanghatananni 15 december 1976chya rajkiy sudharana sarvmatala mothya pramanat pathimba deela nahee. sarvasadharanpane, francovadi mahilanna fayda hoil asha sudharana karnyas saksham hote yavar tyancha vishvas navhata.
1976 teey 1979 darmyan prakashit jhalele 'vindication feminista' heey masik. francochya mrutyunantar prakashit jhalele, 1930 chya dashakapasun spainmadhye prakashit honare heey pahile ugravadi strivadi prakashan hote. purush sangh sadasyanni anekada pakshiy strivad aanee tyanchya 'nyayniwada strivad' yaa prakashanavar tivra teeka kelee, yaa mahilanna sangitale qee tyanni gharee jaaun bhandi dhuvavyat. yaa purush sanghvadyanna asey vatat navhate qee mahila haah eka vegala samajik varg aahe.
november 1976 madhye barcelonamadhye eka morcha kadhanyat aala, jyat 5,000 lokanni vyabhichar bekaydeshir tharvana kayadyacha nishedh keela. haah nishedh maria engels munozchya prakaranala pratisad mhanoon hota, jithe engels munozla tichya patine 1970 madhye tichya mullis sodoon dile hote, dusya mahilesah rahayala gela hota aanee nantar tyala vyabhichar kelyabaddal turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee hotee. yanantar, angeless munozvar nantar ticha patee ramon soto gomez yane vyabhichar kelyacha aarop keela.
mahilanvaril hinsacharacha nishedh karnara pahila nishedh 1976 madhye barcelonamadhye jhaala. mahilanni morcha kadhala, 'balatkar, napunsakatvachya virodhat' (), 'aamhala shantpane chalayache aahe' (), 'chala aapali ratra banavuya' (), 'ekte, madyadhund, mallah gharee jayache aahe' () aanee 'purese ullanghan!' asha vakye uchcharali."(). tyaveli spainmadhye balatkarala gambhir sansthatmak samasya mhanoon pahile jaat navhate aanee balatkar piditanna thodech adhikar hote.
1977 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanuka.
15 juuna 1977chya sarvatrik nivadanukanpurvi, rajkiy aanee samajik paristhiti mothya pramanat badalali nahee. bahutek strivadi, garbhadharanechya kayadeshiratesarkhya kahee muddyansathi swikartat, asha maganya davya pakshanni swikarlya naheet. rajkiy gatanmadhye sahbhagi asalelya anek strivadyanni vyapak rajkiy uddishtanchya bajoone vishisht uddishte sodoon dilee, parinami pramukh davya pakshandvare strivadache eka patal swaroop sweekarle gele.
sankraman kalat 1977 madhye pantpradhan edolpho suarez yanchya netrutvakhalil union dii centro democratico (yuu. see. dii.) mahila hakkanche samarthan karananya udarmatvadi vyaspithavar sattet aale. tyanchya pakshakade shasson karnyasathi purn bahumat naslyamule, tyanna adhik ujavya bajoone valananya itar pakshanshi yutee karnyas bhag padale gele. yamule mahilanche pradhanya qamee jhaale aanee anek mahila hakkanche samarthak aanee strivadi santapt jhaale, yaa gatanna vaicharik pradhanyachya aadharavar vibhajit karnyat madat jhaali, jyat eka bajoo ghatanatmak masuda prakriyet sahbhag haah mukt nagrikatvacha bhag asalyache pahile gele tarr dusya gatane tyakade shoshit mahilanna tyanchya swatachya dadapshahit bhag ghenyas bhag padale jaat asalyache pahile. 1979 chya sarvatrik nivadanukanantar, jyat 21 mahila kinwa 350 paiki 6 takke jaaga mahilanchya hotya, yuu. see. dii. laa virodh karananya kattarpanthi strivadyanna tyanchya shankanmadhye samarthan midale, jeey aadhichya congressmadhil 22 jaganpeksha qamee hote. tyach velee, yuu. see. dii. hii 11 mahila pratinidhi aanee 4 mahila synet sadasyansah congressmadhil konatyahi pakshache sarvadhik pratinidhitva asaleli mahilansathichi sarvat mothee rajkiy sanghatana rahili. yaulat, sooe yanni mahilanchya samasyankade adhik vyapakpane laksh denyas aanee mahilanchya samasyanna pradhanya denyas nakar deela. tyanni mahilanchya padanna tyanchya yadeet varr nele nahee aanee parinami mahila ess. oo. eae. pratinidhinchi sankhya 1979 madhye mageel 11 chya uchchankapasun 6 varr aalee.
1977 madhye nivadoon aalelya mahilanmadhye juana arse molina (yuu. see. dii. sansadiy gut), maria dollars calvet (communist), maria bellen landaburu gonzalez (shahee niyukti), mercedees moll dii miguel (yuu. see. dii.), elena maria moreno (yuu. see. dii.), maria dolores pelayo dook (yuu. see. dii.), maria terresa revilla (yuu. see. dii.), anaa maria ruiz-taggle morales (pii. ess. oo. eae.), esthar beatries telado alphonso (yuu. see. dii.) aanee nona ines villariono (yuu. see. dii.) yancha samavesh hota. yaa mahilanna duheri ladhaila samore jaave lagale kaaran sankraman kalat tyaa rajkarani hotya aanee tyaa mahila hotya. tyaveli anekanna tyanchya aitihasik bhoomikeche mahatva samajale navhate.
1978chee spanish sanvidhan.
strivadi gatanni naveen spanish sanvidhan tayar karnyachya prakriyekade chintene pahile. 6 december 1978 roji, anek gatanni cortesche adhyaksh antonio hernandez gill yanna tyanchya chintanchi yadee sadar kelee. swakshari karnaanyaanmadhye yuu. see. dii., pii. ess. oo. eae., pii. see., emm. dii. emm., aii. dii. emm.-pii. tii. aanee ort-ulmchya sadasya mahilancha samavesh hota. mahilanna kamachya thikani samavisht karnyasathi, vivah jodidarachya samanatevar aadharit asava, jodidarachya paraspar sammatine vivah modata yeteel, pratyek mahilela kitee mule hotil heey tharvanyacha adhikar asava aanee mahilanna garbhanirodhak suvidha midayala havee, asey sanvidhanane sarkarla vachanbaddha karave ashee tyanchi ichcha hotee. yaa striya kalam 15 chya virodhat hotya, jyamadhye mhatale hote qee "pratyekala jaganyacha adhikar aahe" () kaaran tyanna vatale qee yacha arth garbhanna sanrakshn dene assa keela jaau shakato. 11 april 1985 roji, jevha garbhpat kayada bekaydeshir ghoshit karnyasathi heey ghatanatmak shabd vaparale gele, tevha tyanchi bheeti lakshat yeil.
1978 saalee, pii. see. eae. neey kayadeshir rajkiy paksh suru karnyachya eka varsh aadhipasoon, strivadi sanghatananna kayadeshir parvanagi denyat aalee hotee. "1978 madhye naveen spanish sanvidhanachya manyatenantar 'podder vaay libertad' neey 'viewdecation feminista' chee jaaga ghetali. 1978 heey teey varsh hote jevha spanish strivadyanmadhye garbhanirodhak haah eka prerak muddah banala. varshakheris garbhanirodhakanna gunhegarimukt karane heey varshabharat tyanche uddisht hote.
meey 1978 madhye, spainchya dand sanhitet vyabhichar haah faujdari gunha mhanoon kadhoon taknyat aala. parityagachya vyakhya dekhil badalalya gelya, kaaran tyaa donhi lingansathi susangat navhatya aanee tyapurvi tyaa ekach gharat rahat asatana tichya patine tyachya patnila tyachya malkinla aadhar denyas bhag padale tarach tyaa parityagacha dawa karoo shakat hotya. 7 aktoobar 1978 roji, garbhanirodhak aushadhancha vapar kassa karava yaa mahitisah, tyanchi vikri gunhegari tharvanyasathi kayadyat badal karnyat aala.
1979 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanuka.
1981 madhye, soledad bejaril heey spanish sarkarmadhye mantri jhaale. dusya spanish prajasattakanantar tyaa spainmadhil pahilya mahila mantri hotya. bejaril yanni spanish strivadyanmadhye duheri dahashatvadachya sankalpanela pathimba deela, jyamadhye mahila donhi rajkiy sanghatananmadhye sahbhagi houu shakatat aanee strivadi dekhil asoo shakatat. 1979 madhye strivadyansathi, ghatasfot aanee garbhpat heey sarvat mahattvache rajkiy mudde hote.
ghatasfotala kayadeshir manyata denyachya garjevar spanish strivadache ektrikaran jhaale. kayadeshir ghatasfot midvanyat asamarthatemule mahilanmadhye samajik vishamata nirman jhaali asey yaa chalvaliche mutt hote. tyanna asey vatale qee ghatasfot ghenyachi garaj aahe jee konatyahi pakshakadoon sapadat nahee aanee jee mahilanshi bhedbhav karat nahee. ghatasfotancha muddah 1979,1980 aanee 1981 madhye spanish strivadi rajkiy jeevanat eka tivra bhag bajavel. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat aanee uttaradhat catholic charchane diwani ghatasfotala sakriyapane virodh keela hota. 1979 chya sarvatrik nivadnukanmadhye jawaljawal serve pakshanni tyanchya manchacha bhag mhanoon kahee naa kahee ghatasfot gheuun prachar keela.
november 1979 madhye, charchala aamdaranchya tyanche kaam karnyachya kshamatet hastakshep karayacha nahee, asey episcopalne mhatale. tathapi, tyanni sallah deela qee ghatasfotala kayadeshir manyata denyacha vichar karananya aamdaranna keval vishisht paristhititach parvanagi dilee jaavi. yamadhye ghatasfot haah adhikar navhata, paraspar sammatila parvanagi dilee jaau shakat nahee aanee vivahasathi dusra konatahi upay nasel tevhach ghatasfot jhaala pahije, assa samavesh hota. nyay mantralayane catholic charchala hastakshep thambavanyas sangitale aanee catholic charchala heey manya karave lagale qee tyancha nagri vivah aanee nagri ghatasfotanmadhye konatahi sahbhag nahee. courtchya sadasyanchya bhetit barcelonachya antim vinantivarun monsinor jubani mhanje ghatasfot rokhanyacha eka marg mhanoon too mahag karane.
nyaymantri francisco fernandeejne ghatasfot kayadyat kathorata kalam samavisht karnyachya virodhat yashasviritya ladha deela. ghatasfotas parvanagi dilyane itar jodidarala kinwa vivahatil konatyahi mulanche apavadatmak gambhir nuksan hoil asey nyayadhishanni tharavale asate, tarr yaa khandamule nyayadhishanna ghatasfot rokhanyachi parvanagi midali asatee. ghatasfot kayada 7 julai 1981 roji adhikrut jhaala.
bilbao khatalyachya () saha 1979 heey garbhpat hakkansathi eka mahattvache varsh hote. yaa khatalyat daha mahila aanee eka purush sameel hote, jyanchyavar garbhpat kelyabaddal khatala chalavanyat aala hota. sarkari vakilanni 100 varshanhun adhik turungvasachi shiksha bhoganyacha tyancha hetu jaheer keela. 26 aktoobar 1979 roji mool khatala jaheer jhalyanantar, antarim kalat anek vela nilambit jhalyamule too 1982 paryant aayojit karnyat aala navhata. yaa khatalyat sahbhagi asalelya nauu mahilanchi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee. garbhpat karnyas pravrutt karnara purush aanee teey karananya strila doshi tharvanyat aale. 1983 chya akheris sunavani honyapurvi anek vela apeal sthagit karnyat aale hote. yachikechya nikalamule chaar mahilanchi nirdosh muktata jhaali aanee sahaa mahila aanee purushanna turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. akheris tyaa saat jananna rajya sarkar maaf karel. bilbao akarachya samarthanarth 1982 madhye palau deey laa generalitetchya baher nishedh karnyat aala. toparyant teey sahaa varshe turungat hote. kiman eka mahilecha tichya majee patine nishedh keela hota. turungvasachya kalavyatirikt, firyadi aaropincha matdanacha adhikar hiravoon ghenyacha prayatna karat hote. barcelona yetheel palau deey laa generalitate nidarshanant polisanni nidarshakanvar hinsak karvai kelee. police anek mahilanchya dokyala jakhama detat. bilbao 11 sathee maafee yachikevar rajkarani, gayak, kalakar aanee patrakaransah 1,300 hoon adhik mahilanni swakshya kelya, jyanni sarvanni garbhpatahi keela asalyache pushti kelee. garbhpat karananya serve vyaktinna 1982 madhye maafee denyat aalee. 1981 madhye, commission pro dereco all eborto dii madridne centro dii mujeres dii valecaschya aakadevarichya aadhare spainmadhil garbhpatabaddal sankhyikeey mahiticha tapasheel denara 39 panancha dastaivaj tayar keela. garbhpat jhalelya 820 mahilanpaiki 68 takke vivahit, 3 takke vidhva aanee 29 takke avivahit asalyache tichya aakadevarit aadhalun aale. 600 mahilanpaiki deta upalabdh hota, tyanna aadhalale qee 86.9% chaa garbhpat 12 aathvadyanpurvi jhaala hota, garbhpat surakshit karnyasathi maryadit aarthik sansadhane asoonahi 72 takke paradeshat gele hote aanee 45.69% chaa garbhpat aarthik karananmule jhaala hota. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat, catholic charchane upadesh keela qee sambhogadarmyan konatahi sharirik adthala nasava aanee sambhoganantarchya dhunyane dekhil samasya udbhavu shakatat kaaran teey garbhadharana honyachya laingikatechya prathamik dhyeyat hastakshep karatat. catholic charchane shikavale qee keval swikararh punarutpadak niyantran paddhati mhanje sanyam aanee ly paddhat. heey badalanyachya konatyahi prayatnat charchane hastakshep karnyacha prayatna keela.
1979 madhye salamanka yethe davya vicharsaranichya purushanni tyanchya chalvalit mahilanchya upasthitila virodh karane suru thewale aanee tyanna tyanchya gharee paratanyachi garaj asalyacha dawa keela.
1982 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanuka.
1982 chya spanish sarvatrik nivadanuka haah socha prachand vijay hota aanee congressmadhil 22 paiki 18 mahila pakshachya sadasya aahet. asey asoonahi, soshi sambandhit mahilanni duheri dahashatvadache mudde hatalane suru thewale, jithe tyanni tyanchya rajkiy uddishtansathi aanee kadhikadhi ekmekanshi matbhed asoo shakananya strivadi vichardhara yaa donhinsathi ladha deela.
yaa nivadanukanantar alianza popular haah prathamik virodhi paksh banala, jyane ekoon matanpaiki sumare 25 takke matey midavali. tyanche nimmyahoon adhik matdar mahila hotya. pii. aine. vhee. aanee convergencia aay unio (see. aay. yuu.) heey donhi paksh madhyamvargiy pradeshik paksh manale jaat hote. 1982 chya nivadnukanmadhye sarvasadharanpane mahila matdaranni pii. aine. vhee., see. aay. yuu. aanee centro democratico vaay soshal (see. dii. ess.) sarkhya madhyamargi pakshanna pasanti dilee. mahilanni etaa, herry batasuna (etch. bii.), catalan rashtravadi aii. aar. see. aanee galician radicals yasarkhya atireki ghatakanchi adhik varjana kelee. 1986 chya nivadanukit yaa paddhatichi punaravrutti jhaali.
1980 chya dashakat, garbhpat sevanmadhye pravesh milanyasathi mahilanchya garja sarkarne purn karavyat ashee magani karnara strivadi haah ekmev pramukh gut hota. 1983 madhye congressne garbhpat kayadeshir keela, parantu 1985 paryant kayadeshir prabhavat aala nahee kaaran lokpriy (aata lokpriy) koliesionane kayadyachya ghatanatmakatela aavhan dile. garbhpatala teen karananmule gunhegarimukt karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. pahili gosht mhanje balatkarachya babatit teey naitik hote. dusare mhanje aaicha jeev vachavane aavashyak asoo shakate. tisare kaaran mhanje eugenic, jyamule garbhachya vikrutichya babatit garbhpat houu shakato. itar desh tyach velee garbhpatala kayadeshir manyata dett hote. portugalchya sansadene november 1982 madhye garbhpatala kayadeshir manyata dilee. sarvmatamule italine meey 1981 madhye garbhpatala kayadeshir manyata dilee.