mahan mandir (petra)

petra yetheel mahan mandir heey eka bhavya smarak sankul aahe jeey petra yetheel stambhit rastyachya dakshines aahe. tyache kshetrafal 7,560 chauras meater aahe. sthapatya aanee shilpakalechya tapashilanni suchavalyapramane, heey sankul bahudha isavi sunn pahilya shatkachya suruvatila, nabatian raja aretas IV chya rajvatit purn jhaale asave.
pracheen petramadhye 'mahan mandir' heey eka pramukh sthan vyapalele hoteh tyachya avasheshanmadhun aata aagneyela sick, paschimela kasar all-bint aanee purvela khalcha bajar/petra pool complexes disu shakato. hii sankul dharmik hotee qee prashasakeey, aanee tee kharokharach dharmik hotee qaa, heey nemke kase karya karat hotee kinwa tee konatya devtes samarpit hotee heey spasht nahee.
sanshodhanacha itihas.
1890 chya dashakat, german puratatvashastradnya aar. eae. bruno aanee aaa. wonn domasjevsky. tyanantar walter batchmanne german-turkey sainyachya sanrakshn shakhecha sadasya mhanoon petrache sarvekshan kele aanee 1921 madhye petra shahar yojanechya punaravruttimadhye smarkala tyachya sadhyachya navane olakhanare teey pahile vidwan hote. braun vidyapithachya martha sharp jakovsky yanni 1993 madhye puratatviy utkhananachi suruvat kelee aanee tyanchya chamoochya sanshodhanane mothya pramanat vidvattapoorn arth lavnyachi mahitee dilee aahe.
vastukala.
heey mahan mandir ishanya-nairutya akshavar sanrekhit kelele aayatakruti sankul aahe.
stambhit rastyapasoon, ekjan sumare ~ 8 meater unchivar payaryanchya uddanavar chadhato, jee propiliummadhye sumare 17 meater rund aahe. yaa bhavya bhavya mahan mandirachya bandhkamanantar lagechach aanee see. aii. madhye stambhankit rastyachya bandhkamadarmyan badalalya gelya. 76 see. eae. propyllame aanee rasta khalchya temenochya khalee ~ 8 meterver basatat, joou swatah varchya temenochya khalee 6 meater aahe aanee mandirachya mothya bhagavar aahe. mandir" heey varchya temenochya agadi dakshines aahe.
done bahya (bakansah ardhvartulakar avkash) khalchya aanee varchya temenola temenola smarak shidichya purv aanee paschimela aahet. valukashmatil vatavaranachya agadi viruddha, heey mandir laal, pivalya aanee aanee rangat chaar pudhil stambhanni bandhale gele hote aanee teey kalpanikdrushtya 20 meterver ubhe rahile asate. ashee unchi kasar all-bintchya sadhyachya 23 metershee tulana karata yete, parantu khazneh/khajinyaitaki bhavya nahee, jyacha mukhavata 39 meetarparyant pohochato. mandirachya aateel bhagat varchya temenochya palikade sumare 600 aasan asaleli natyagruhasarkhi rachana ('theatran') varchasva gajavate, jithe sonyache paan aanee rangeet garamadhye vistrut sajavatiche khuna rahatat.
59 ghanmeter aanee 327 ghanmeter (andaje 59,000 aanee 3,27,000 litter kshamata) chey done mothe kund sapadale aahet, tyamule 'mahan mandirachya' vastukalemadhye jaal vyavasthapan dekhil mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavate. hii kundya bhoomigat kalvyanchya pranalimadhye bharr ghalatat, jee mandirachya lambiparyant chalate aanee nantar shaharvyapi paanee vitaran pranalimadhye sameel hote. yaa vahinyanmule nantar qasar all bint aanee vaadee siag jhaale asave.
lakshaniy shodh.
paddhatshir utkhananapurvich, koralele sthapatyashastriy tukade (bhookampatil avashesh) parisarachya bhovati vikhurlele hote.
utkhananadvare sapadalelya sarvat netradipak shodhanpaiki done mothya pramanat akhand hatti-dokyachya shirobindu aahet, jyat ionic bhandavalachya aakarachya jaagi chaar shirobindu aahet. 2000 saalee khalchya temenojaval heey sapadale, jyat ekoon 328 hatti-dokyache ghatak sapadale. rajdhani vyatirikt, utkhanankartyanna narr aanee maadee putalyanche chitran karnare aath chunkhadiche koreev falak sapadale, jeey apolo/eres, ephrodite/amazon, taych/fortuna aanee itaranchya sandarbhat anumanitpane olakhale gele.
itar shodhanmadhye dive, nanee, roman kaach, syremic moorti aanee bhandi, anek corinthian acanthus capital aanee fulanchya chitrafitincha samavesh hota. yaa kalakruti ii. sha. puu. pahilya shatkachya uttaradhat suru jhalelya 'mahan mandirachya' bandhkamachya dishene nirdesh karatat.
varchya temenomadhye nabatian rangavalele matiche sahitya, rangavalele aanee koralele plaster aanee kansya fiti sapadali aahe. varchya temenochya aagneyela, talavaril korivkamat koraleli eka dharmik kinwa matatmak aakruti sapadali, jee talwar kinwa khanjir dharoon aanee ashler parigh bhintine lapaleli hotee. hii aakruti soochit karate qee tathakathit 'mahan mandir' heey prathanasthal mhanoon vaparale gele asave.
arth lavane.
mandir mhanoon sanrachanechya karyabaddal batchmanche pratipadan yogya aahe qee nahee heey 'mahan mandir' baddal charchechya kendrasthani aahe. jakovsky assa yuktivad karatat qee, adhikrut 'seela' chya (adhikrut greek kinwa roman mandirache mukhya kaksh) viruddha 'natyagruh' asalyamule, dharmik sthan mhanoon kaam karnyasathi imarat punha tayar kelee jaau shakali nasati.
jakovsky assa yuktivad karato qee mandirachi yogya tulana arther segalane "dharmik natyagruhe" mhanoon varnan kelelyashi kelee jaau shakate, jyache paribhashit vaishishtya mhanje eka ullekhaneey naisargik kinwa manavnirmit vaishishtyache drushya aahe. utkhananatun heey siddha jhaale aahe qee 'cavia' (aasan kshetra) heey manchapurviche aahe aanee tyachyashivay kahee kaal astitvat hote-prekshakanna vaadee moosakade pahanyachi parvanagi-segalchi vyakhya 'mahan mandir' laa lagoo houu shakate.
petramadhil itar dharmik imaratinchya babatitahi ghadate tase, 'mahan mandirat' nabatiyanni konatya devachi, jarr konee asel tarr pooja kelee asatee heey spasht nahee. tyachya sarvat dakshinekadil margat sapadalelya talwar vahoon vahoon sarkhya moortya petramadhye itaratra samanya aahet aanee dagad mistri devatanna tyanchya karyala aashirvad denyas sangat asateel kinwa naisargik khadakanchya rachnet badal kelyabaddal tyancha pashchatap vyakt karat asateel. yaa rachnet nabatiyananchi pramukh devata dushara kinwa tyacha bhagidar all-uza yanchi pooja kelee jaau shakate, asey aniconic betil heey kalpana karnyayogya banavtat.
kahee vidwan nagri karyanna agrakram detat, 'bulluteria' (parishad kaksh) aanee 'committium/curia' (roman rajkiy baithakiche thikan) yasarkhya pramanit grico-roman jaganchya sandarbhat 'mahan mandir' chey parikshan karatat. prashasakeey kendra mhanoon 'mahan mandir' chya vyakhyela ii. sha. sha shatkachya uttaradhapasun teey ii. sha. sha shatkachya suruvatiparyantchya vidyaman papiri sangrahatil 'booal' kinwa parishadeche anek sandarbh samarthan karatat. babatha hii eka yahudi stree hotee jichya patranmadhye nabatia aanee roman provincia arabiabaddal barech kahee prakashit jhaale aahe, bahutek patranmadhye vyavhar aanee malmattechya kayadeshir malkishi sambandhit aahet. yaa paryayache samarthan karnara aanakhi eka shodh mhanje lattinmadhil roman shahee shilalekh. tyachpramane tyachpramane shatkatil, teey tyaa kalatil samratala naav aanee topananavane manyata dete aanee mandirachya paschim kakshat sapadale.

