kesher

kesher (, "samudra-manav") haah chiinii aakhyayiketil samudra-nivasi manav kinwa manvi prakar aahe, jyala japani strotandvare kaijin () asehi mhanatat.
pratyakshat europeey lokanni lihilelya chiinii granthannusar, 'kesher' heey ekoon mansasarkhe hote parantu tyanche paay aanee haat jaalidar hote aanee eka hollandmadhye qaid jhaale hote, jyanche sampoorn shareer sail hote, jawaljawal tine kapadyacha tukada (visheshtah 'pauphu' kinwa lamb poshakh) ghatalela hota. vividh strotanmadhye nondavalelya 1403 () madhye pakadalya gelelya 'sagari stree' chaa yacha sandarbh aahe, jaree dutch strotanni sangitale qee tee kahee jalchar padarthanni (nantar sagari sheval kinwa sagari shaiwal asalyache gruheet dharale gele) jhakaleli hotee.
ido kalatil japani strotanmadhye 'samudri-manavan' chaa ahwal dekhil punha punha aadhalala, jase qee kaibara ekkenche 'yamato honzo', jyamadhye yaa pranyache varnan jaminivar latkanari tvacha, jase qee 'hakama' payghol ghataleli aahe asey kele aahe.
chean.
ming aanee king rajvansh.
europeanni lihilelya aanee ming aanee king rajvanshachya kalat chiinii bhashet prakashit jhalelya pustakanmadhye 'kesher' chaa ullekh aahe. italian jesut giulio aleni (chiinii navah erulyu) yane tyachya zifang veji (, "shahee bhoogolkarachya adhikarkshetrabaheril pradeshanchya nondi", 1623) madhye lihile aahe qee "hairen" chey done prakar aahet. flemish jesuit ferdinand verbiest (nann huyren) yane tyachya 'kunyu veji' (, 'paradeshi jagachya nondi', see. 1670).
pahila prakar ekoon mansasarkha hota, jyamadhye dadhi aanee bhuvaya donhi hotya, parantu jangali badkanpramanech jaali asalele haat aanee paay hote. eka vyaktila paschim (european) samudrat pakadanyat aale aanee eka vishisht rajala sadar karnyat aale, parantu tyane kahihi khalle nahee aanee tyala vash karnyat ayashasvi tharalyanantar rajala tyala parat samudrat sodanyas bhag padale gele aanee mukt jhalelya pranyane talhya vajavalya aanee mothyane hasale.
hasale prakarache udaharan 200 varshanpurvi pakadanyat aalelya (stree) vyaktine dile.eae., 15 weey shatak): "tiche sampoorn shareer eka khalee khalee tvachene (jee jaminila sparsh karat hotee) jhakalele hote, janoo tee nagna honyaeivaji naan kadhanyajogya kapadyat [eka" paofu "kinwa paramparik chiinii lamb poshakh] paridhan keleli hotee". teela kapade ghatale gele aanee teela khayala dile gele aanee tee anek varshe jagali aanee udarnirvahasathi kaam kele (mhanje.eae., soot firavane). tee vadhastambhasamor aadarane jhukat asey, parantu bolanyachi kshamata teela prapt jhaali nahee.
17 vya shatkatil anek european granthanmadhye varnan kelelya 1403 madhye (tathakathit) hollandmadhye pakadale gelele heey 'kesher' asalyache nishchit kele gele aahe. udaharanarth, petrus screvarius (aaa. 1660) chey 'respublica hollandia, ett eurbs' ('rashtrakul aanee hollandchi shahare'). petruschya lattin majkurat tee "nagna aanee mook aadhalali" asey mhatale aahe, tarr duchmadhye lihilelya tyachya pustakat mhatale aahe qee tee shuddha talavat kinwa edammadhye "hiravya shevalane jhakaleli" () aadhalali hotee.
eka junya granthat (1470) adhik aspashtapane mhatale aahe qee kahee "panyache padarth teela chikatalele", nantarchya itihaskarane (1517) tapashilanche thurr jodale, jenekarun teela eka jangali stree mhanoon darshavile gele, jee "sheval aanee itar chikhalasarkhya panyache sahitya jhakali gelee". samanyatah asey spasht kele jaate qee tee hiravya samudri shaivalane jhakaleli hotee parantu tee vahoon gelee.
crucifixchi pooja pooja yaa matsyanganechya ghatakacha ullekh nehmich european strotandvare keela jaato, parantu nee huang (<unk>) chya "haikuotu" (, "vichitra sagari pranyanche pustak") sarkhya chiinii strotandvare vagalala jaato. yetheel sachitra pranila 'harreneau' (sagari manav-massa) asey sambodhale jaate parantu vareel strotachya 'zifang veji' chya 'harren' shhee dekhil tulana kelee jaate.
ganyache rajvansh.
kaomuzhi' () aanee itar duyyam strotanmadhye strotanmadhye 'kesher' chya vruttasathi srot mhanoon ganyachya rajvanshachya kalat 'shaozi' () urf 'shao yong' () chaa ullekh keela jaato. lekhakache nirikshan aahe qee "jaminivar jeey kahee rahate, teey panyat [tyache pratirup] asane aavashyak aahe" aanee mhanoon "sagari manav" astitvat asane aavashyak aahe. tyane sagari sagari aikale hote qee dakshin samudra (dakshin chean samudra?) heey 'kesher' chya swarupasathi olakhale jaate, jyacha aakar 'eka bhikshuchya aakaracha, agadi lahan manvi' asato. jahajavar chadhatana, chalak dalala gup rahanyache aanee teey nighun jaanyachi aanee punha panyat budanyachi pratiksha karnyache katekor nirdesh dile pahijet. jarr heey palale gele nahee, tarr gondhal dakhavalyane motha vaara yeil aanee jahaj khandit hoil.
shaozine varnan kelelya 'kesher' chee tulana 'umibozu' ('sagari-pujari') kinwa 'umikozo' ('sagari padri') ashee kelee aahe. umibozu" sathee heey aanakhi eka sthanik naav aahe.
jurchen jiin rajvansh.
samudratoon (kinwa) disanyache dusare udaharan 'kaomuzhi' dware dile aahe.
nantarchya kalat jevha song rajvansh vaa neey mahan jinane sthan ghetale, tevha tyachya rajdhanitil yanjing (, aajche beijing) madheel tangluo () mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya junya talav pranalitil dragon aanee tyachya agrapatalanmadhye eka lahan mool hote. mulala aupcharikpane 'laal zaga aanee jaid belt (' hongpao yudai ';) paridhan keela hota, janoo too eka () aahe. teen tasannantar (6 taas) too punha panyat gayab jhaala.]) vel.
veshbhusha kelele lock.
jesutanni varnan kelelya kesharamadhye 'pao' kinwa 'paofu' () veshbhushesarkhe tvacheche latkanare patte hote, tarr jing rajvanshachya vruttantat dragonne dharan kelelya mulane lalsar 'pao' vastra paridhan kele hote.
aanakhi eka kissa joou 'kesher' shhee sambandhit asoo shakato too mhanje jhaa daao () navachya dutane koriyala pathavalelya sakshidar mahilecha vruttant (see. eff.). matsyangana § chiinii lokkatha,). tine laal rangacha scurt ("chang") ghatala hota aanee laal rangacha maan vadhavala hota asey mhatale jaate. jhaa daone yaa mahilela "renew" ("manvi-massa") mhanoon olakhale. yaa bhagache shrey chiinii srot 'kuyiji' ('bhootkalatil asadharan goshtinchya nondi') yala dile jaate.
japan.
chiinii bhashet 'harren' (, 'see-human') asey uchcharlya uchcharlya yaa pranyache naav japani bhashet 'kaijin' mhanoon vachale jaate.
kaibara ekkenchya (1709) matey, kesanche doke, bhuvaya aanee dadhi aanee chaar avyavanchya payachya botandarmyan aanee botanmadhye jaali asaleli 'kaijin' disanyat mansasarkhi disate. tyane kadhihi manavane dilele ann kinwa pey khalle nahee aanee konatihi mansasarkhi bhasha bolat nasey. aanee eka prakarat, sampoorn shariravar, mansal tvacheche [putt] hote, jeey kambarchya bhovatin, 'hakama' [payghol] sarkhe ghasarat hote. pann ekada samudratoon baher aanalyavar, too fakt kahee divas jaminivar jagoo shakat hota..
nagasaki kenbunroku" ("urf" nagasaki bankenroku ", prakashit kansei 12/1800) madhye dekhil asech varnan aahe. ono ranzanchya honzokomoku keemo (1803) neey dekhil "yamato honzo" madhoon pratyaksh mahitee ghetali.
tarr tanikawa kotosugachya japani shabdakoshat, jyamadhye hollandchya samudrat pakadalya gelelya mahileche varnan dekhil aahe (barobar) asey mhatale aahe qee tee anek varshe jagali aanee kaam kele, aanee tichi jhukanari tvacha ashee hotee qee tine "hofuku" paridhan kele hote.eae., cheeni srot 'zifang veji' pramane 'paofu' poshakh.
 (dii. 1807), tyachya maranottar prakashit kelelya karyat (barobar) hollandchya sagari mahileche varnan dutch strotanmadhye nondavalyapramane, teela shuddha talavat pakadale gele aanee nantar harlemla nele gele asey kele aahe. yamamurane 'kaijin' kinwa sagari striaivaji haah shabd vaparla, parantu too 'kunyu veji' madhye varnan kelelya 'kesher' sarkhach asalyache nirikshan kele. tyanni pudhe sangitale qee heey prani hote jyanna european srot mhanatat (i.eae., "meer-mann") kinwa (i.eae., "meer-maid").
kahinchya matey, 'kaijin' haah pratyakshat eka chukicha olakhala gelela sagari sinh kinwa shikka hota.

