russian parikatha

russian parikatha kinwa lokkatha (; skazka; "katha"; bahuvachan) hii rashiyatil eka parikatha aahe.
skazka' chya vividh up-shaili astitvat aahet. volshebnaya skazka' (shabdasha 'jaaduchi katha') hii eka jaaduchi katha manali jaate. "skazki oo zivotnikh' yaa pranyanvishayichya katha aahet aanee 'bitoway skazki' yaa gharguti jivanabaddalachya katha aahet. skazki" chya yaa badalanmule yaa shabdala adhik sakhol aanee tapshilvar vividh prakarchya lokkatha midatat.
paschim europeey paramparanpramanech, visheshtah brothers griim yanni prakashit kelelya german bhashetil sangrahanusar, russian lokkatha pratham vidvananni gola kelya aanee 19 vya shatkat tyancha paddhatshir abhyas keela. alekzandar afanasevne tyachya 1850 chya dashkatil 'narodni ruski skazki' madhye russian parikatha aanee lokkatha soochibaddha kelya (sankalit, gatbaddh, kramankit aanee prakashit). lokkatha vidwan ajunahi tyanchya sankalit granthancha sandarbh "skazka" kathanakachya sankhyecha hawala detana detat. kathanche eka sampoorn vishleshan, tyanchya kathanchya tappyanche varnan aanee tyanchya karyanchya aadhare patranche vargikaran, nantar, 20 vya shatkachya purvardhat, vladimir prope (1895-1970) yanni vikasit kele.
itihas.
atharavya shatkachya uttaradhat uttaradhat parikatha deshbharat pasarlya aanee tyaa mothya pramanat lokpriy jhalya. kathanmadhil naitik dhade gheuun pudhe jaanyasathi russian mulanchya shikshanat sahitya haah eka mahattvacha ghatak manla jaat asey. 18 vya shatkatil pranayarmyatechya kalat, alekzandar pushkin aanee pyotara yershov yansarkhya kavinni tyanchya kathansah russian lokbhavna paribhashit karnyas suruvat kelee. 1860 chya sampoorn dashakat, vastavadacha uday hounahi, parikatha ajunahi sahityacha eka priy srot rahilelya hotya, jyanna hans khrishchan andersonsarkhya lekhakankadun prerana midali. samyavadi chalvalichya kalat joseph stallin sattevar aalyanantar parikathanmadhil sandesh vegalya aakarala yeu lagale.
samyavadache parinam.
parikathancha mulanvar motha prabhav asalyache manale jaat hote, mhanunach joseph stallinne tyachya rajvatit vitarit kelelya sahityavar nirbandh ghalanyacha nirnay ghetala. 1900 chya dashakachya madhyat tayar kelelya kathancha vapar anek lokpriy kathanmadhye disalyapramane samajvadi shraddha aanee moolye ladanyasathi keela gela. gelya shatkatil kathanchya tulanet, yu. ess. ess. aar. madheel parikathanni adhik aadhunik valan ghetale hote, jase qee anatoli mityevhachya 'grishka andd daad astronaut' sarkhya kathanmadhye disun yete. alekzandar afanasevhachya 'daad midnite dance' sarkhya bhootkalatil kathanmadhye kulinancha samavesh hota aanee pranayavar laksh kendrit kele hote. "grishka aanee antaralvir", tathapi, russia aanee united states yanchyatil antaral sharyatimadhye pratyakshat disalyapramane aadhunik russian antaralatun pravas karnyachya utkatateche parikshan karate. naveen kathanmadhye navkalpana aanee shodhanvar laksh kendrit kele gele hote jeey jaduaivaji patranna madat karoo shakatat jeey purvichya kathanmadhye anekada eka sadhan mhanoon vaparale jaat hote.
prabhav.
russiamadhye, parikatha hii lokkathachi eka up-shaili aahe aanee tee sahasa laghukathechya swarupat sangitali jaate. russian sanskratiche vividh pailu vyakt karnyasathi tyancha vapar keela jaato. russiamadhye, 17 vya shatkaparyant parikathancha prachar jawaljawal keval tondawate keela jaat asey, kaaran likhit sahitya dharmik hetunsathi rakheev hote. tyanchya maukhik swarupat, parikathanni kathanachya vividh paddhatincha shodh ghenyache swatantrya dile. likhit prakaranpasoon vegale jhalyamule russian lokanni natyamay aanee manoranjak katha tayar karnyasathi prabhavi tantre vikasit kelee. ashee tantre aata lokpriy sahityik karyanmadhye karyanmadhye susangat ghatakanmadhye vikasit jhaali aahet; teey russian parikathanchya prakarat farak karatat. parikatha eka vishisht samajik-aarthik vargapuratya maryadit navhatya aanee mothya sankhyene prekshakanna aakarshit karat hotya, jyamule tyaa russian sanskraticha eka trademark banalya.
russian parikathanvaril sanskrutik prabhav adviteey aanee kalpanevar aadharit aahet. isaq bashevis gayak, eka polish-american lekhak aanee nobel paritoshik vijeta, assa dawa karatat qee, "tumhi ekhadya kathebaddal prashna vicharat nahee aanee heey serve rashtranchya lokkathansathi kharey aahe. teey vastusthiti kinwa itihas mhanoon sangitale gele navhate, tarr shrotyache manoranjan karnyache sadhan mhanoon, mug too lahan asso kinwa praudh. kahee naitik asatat, kahee anaitik kinwa agadi anaitikahi vatatat, kahee mansachya murkhapana aanee chukanvar dantkatha banatat, tarr kahee nirathak disatat."vachakanche manoranjan karnyasathi teey tayar kele gele hote.
russian parikatha atyant lokpriy aahet aanee aajahi kalatmak kamanna prerana denyasathi vaparlya jaatat. "daad sleeping beauty' ajunahi newyorkmadhye american balley theatermadhe vajavale jaate aanee 1890 salchya mool russian parikathanmadhye tyachi mule aahet. shree. yaa natkachya nivasi kalakar asalelya ratmanskyne tyachya russian parshvabhoomitun natkachya nrutyadigdarshanasathi prerana ghetali.
aupcharikta.
1910 teey 1930 chya dashakat russiamadhye sahityik tikechi laat udayas aalee, jyala naveen vichardharechya tikakaranni russian aupcharikta mhatale.
vishleshan.
parikathechya aakarshastrache vishleshan karnyachya anek vegvegalya paddhati vidvattapoorn karyanmadhye aadhalalya aahet. samkramik aanee diachronic drushtikonanmadhye vishleshanatil farak udbhavu shakato. itar farak katha ghatakanmadhil sambandhatun yeu shakatat. ghatak olakhale gelyanantar, sanrachanavadi tyaa ghatakanmadhil sambandh prastavit karoo shakato. ghatakanmadhil pratiman sambandh heey sahsanyojak swarupache asatat, tarr vakyarachana sambandh haah itar ghatkanshi sambandhit ghatakancha kram aanee sthitee darshavato.
rachana.
1910 pasoon suru suru russian aupchariktechya kalapurvi, alekzandar veselovsky yanni yaa sankalpanela "sarvat sope varnanatmak ekak" mhatale."veselovskyne prastavit kele qee lokkatheche vegvegale kathanak heey sankalpananchya adviteey sanyogatoon udbhavate.
moolbhusha vishleshan haah dekhil steath thompsonchya lokkathashastrachya drushtikonacha eka bhag hota. lokkathachya mulrupanvishayichya thompsonchya sanshodhanacha nishkarsh loksahityatil moolroop-nirdeshank prakashit karnyat aala.
sanrachanatmak.
1919 madhye, victor shkalovsky yanni 'kathanak nirmitichi sadhane aanee shailichi samanya sadhane yanchyatil sambandh' yaa shirshakakhali tyancha nibandh prakashit keela. russian aupchariktechya kalat eka pramukh samarthak mhanoon, sahityik vishleshanachya ayashasvi paddhatinvar teeka prayatna aanee lokkathanchya vakyarachanavishayak drushtikonavar ahwal ahwal pahilya vidvananpaiki shkalovsky eka hote. tyachya nibandhat too dawa karato, "kathankatil rachneteel samanata mhanoon, jyachyashi mallah farse mahatva nahee asey asey rachneteel samanatevar jore dene haah majha uddesh nahee."
vladimir prope yanni samarthit kelele vakyarachana vishleshan haah eka drushtikon aahe jyamadhye parikathechya ghatakanche vishleshan teey kathet disanyachya kramane kele jaate. lokkathanche sankalpanenusarche manmani aanee vyaktinishth vishleshan yavar maat karnyachya ichchhene, propney 1928 madhye tyache pustak 'morphology auph daad foktel' prakashit kele. yaa pustakat visheshtah asey mhatale aahe qee propla veselovskichya sankalpanechya vyakhyet duvidha aadhalate; teey ayashasvi hote kaaran tyache tyachya vyakhyeshi virodhabhas asalelya lahan ekkanmadhye vibhajan kele jaau shakate. pratisad mhanoon, propane eka vishisht khandanicha pudhakar ghetala joou kramank 300-749 saha vargikrut kelelya bahutek arney-thompson prakarchya kathanvar lagoo keela jaau shakato. hii karyapaddhati propchya parikathechya 31 karyanna kinwa krutinna janm dete. prop asey suchavato qee karye heey katheche moolbhut ekak aahet aanee tyat nemke 31 bhinn karye aahet. 100 russian parikathanchya vishleshanat tyanni asey nirikshan nondavale qee katha jawaljawal nehmich karyanchya kramache palan karatat. krutimadhye samavisht asalelya patranchi vaishishtye kinwa natya vyaktimatva heey pratyakshat kelya kelya krutipeksha duyyam asatat. heey tyachya nishkarshanantar dekhil yete qee vegvegalya kathanmadhye kahee karye gahal asoo shakatat, parantu tyane vishleshan kelelya serve russian parikathansathi kram samaan thewala jaato.
alekzandar nikiforov, shkalovsky aanee prope yanchyasarkhe, 1920 chya dashkatil soviet rashiyache lokkathakar hote. tyachya suruvatichya karyane parikathechya ghatakanchya vakyarachana vishleshanache fayade dekhil olakhale. lokkathecha aakarshastriy abhyas" yaa shirshakachya tyanchya 1926 chya prabandhat, nikiforov mhanatat qee "lokkathetil tyanchi natyamay bhoomika asalelya patrachi keval karye aparivartaniy aahet."nikiforovcha nibandh propchya" "lokkathechya aakarshastrachya" "prakashanachya jawaljawal 2 varshanpurvi lihila gela asalyane, vidvananni assa andaj vartavala aahe qee vyapakpane propashi sambandhit asalelya karyachi kalpana pratham nikiforovne olakhali asatee". eka strotacha dawa aahe qee nikiforovche karya "vakyarachanashastrachya paddhatshir vishleshanat vikasit kele gele navhate" aanee "sanrachanatmak tattve aanee anoovadi sankalpana vegale thevanyat" ayashasvi tharale. lokkatha aakarshastravaril nikiforovchya kamacha tyachya kagadachya palikade kadhihi pathpurava keela gela nahee.
lekhak aanee sangrahak.
alekzandar afanasev.
alekzandar afanasevne parikatha lihayala suruvat kelee, jevha lokakathankade sadhe manoranjan mhanoon pahile jaat hote. lokkathanmadhil tyanchi aavad pracheen slavic pauranik kathanmadhil tyanchya swarsyamule nirman jhaali. 1850 chya dashakat, afanasevne tyachya sangrahatil kahee bhag tyachya janmasthalachya bogucharchya kathanmadhun nondvayala suruvat kelee. tyacha adhik sangrah vladimir dhaal aanee russian bhaugolik samaj, jyanni russian samrajyachya serve bhagatoon katha gola kelya, tyanchya kamatoon aala. russian lokkathancha likhit sangrah tayar karnyacha prayatna prayatna mojkya lokanpaiki afanasev haah eka bhag hota. lokkatha sangrahatil hii kamatarata rashiyatil mudrit sahityavar charchchya slavonicchya niyantranamule hotee, jyamule keval dharmik granthancha prasar houu shakala. yavar, afanasiyevne uttar dile, "tumchya pavitratene dilelya pavitra pravachananpeksha majhya lock aakhyayikanmadhye daha laakh putt adhik naitikta, satya aanee manvi prem aahe!"
1855 aanee 1863 chya darmyan, afanasevne 'lokpriy russian katha [narodni ruski skazki]' sampadit kelya, jyaa grimchya kathanchya aadhare tayar kelya gelya hotya. russiamadhye lokkatha abhyasachi ichcha nirman karoon yaa prakashanacha russian vidvananvar motha sanskrutik prabhav padala. likhit majkurachya madhyamatoon russian lokkathanchya punarshodhamule mahan russian lekhakanchi eka pidhi pudhe aalee. yapaiki kahee lekhakanmadhye lio tolstoy aanee fyodora dostovsky yancha samavesh aahe. lokkatha patkan likhit majkurat tayar kelya gelya aanee tyanche rupantar kele gele. yaa sankalanachya nirmitipasoon, russian katha sampoorn russiamadhye samajalya aanee olakhalya jaatat.
alekzandar pushkin.
alekzandar pushkin heey russiachya aaghadichya lekhak aanee kavinpaiki eka mhanoon olakhale jaatat. too russiamadhye parikatha lokpriy karnyasathi olakhala jaato aanee tyachyapurvi konihi karoo shakat nasalelya katha lihoon russian sahitya badalale. pushkinla rashiyacha shakespeare manale jaate, kaaran jevha bahutek russian loksankhya nirakshar hotee, tevha tyane russian lokanna tyachya parikathandware qamee kathor khrishchan aanee adhik murtipujak paddhatine ichcha karanyachi kshamata dilee.
pushkinla russian parikathambaddalache prem tyachya balpanichya paricharika ariana rodionovna hichyakadoon midale, jine tyala lahan asatana tichya gavatil katha sangitalya. 1837 madhye tyachya mrutyuchya nantarchya russian lokansathi tyachya kathanni mahatva dile, visheshtah 20 vya shatkachya suruvatichya rajkiy ashantatechya kalat, jyamadhye pushkinchya shlokanni mulanna russian bhasha tyachya sarvat paripoorn bhavyatemadhye dilee, eka ashee bhasha jee teey punha kadhihi aikoo shakanar naheet kinwa bolanar naheet, parantu jee eka shashvat khajina mhanoon tyanchyabarobar raheel."
pushkinchya mrutyunantar shambhar varshanni soviet unionne tyala rashtriy kavee ghoshit kele tevha tyachya parikathanche moolya sthapit jhaale. zarvadi rajvatit pushkinchya kamavar purvi bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee. soviet unionchya kalat, tyachya katha shikshanasathi swikararh vatalya gelya, kaaran pushkinchya parikathanmadhye garib vargachi charcha hotee aanee tyat dharmopadeshakvirodhi swar hote.
carpus.
vidvattenusar, russian jaduchya kathanche (kinwa aashcharyakarak katha) kahee 'sarvat lokpriy kinwa sarvat mahattvapoorn' prakar khalilpramane aaheth
pudhe vacha.
teen rajye (aii. tii. yuu. 301):
chatur dnyan (aii. tii. yuu. 325):
shrimant kinwa marco bogatire chinhankit qaraa (aii. tii. yuu. 461):

