aantarrashtriy kshetra

aantarrashtriy kshetra mhanje teey jyaa rajyat aahe tyaa rajyachya seema niyantran dhorananchya purnapane adheen nasalele kshetra. vishesh aarthik kshetre aanee pravesh bandaranvaril nirjantukikaran kshetranpasun simashulk niyamanpasoon suut midalelya savalatinparyant anek prakarche aantarrashtriy kshetra aahet, jyavar prashasana eka kinwa adhik paradeshi rajyanna sopavale jaate. aantarrashtriy kshetra dekhil aajubajuchya urvarit rajyanpeksha vegali visa dhorane kayam thevu shakatat.
vishesh aarthik kshetre.
vishesh aarthik kshetra (sez) heey asey kshetra aahe jyamadhye vyavasay aanee vyapar kayade teey jyaa adhikarkshetrat aahet tyaa urvarit adhikarkshetrapeksha vegale aahet. thet parkeey guntavanuk vadhavanyasathi kinwa niryat-kendrit utpadan sulabh karnyasathi samanyatah sezchi sthapana kelee jaate. tyachya uddeshanusar, sezmadhye samanyatah simashulkanchya sandarbhat qamee kadak seema niyantran dhorane asatat. niryat prakriya kshetra samanyatah niryatisathi utpadit vastoonna utpadan shulkatoon suut deil aanee bhandavali vastoo aanee kachchya malala aayativaril simashulkatun suut deil, tarr bandhband logistics park samanyatah niyukt kshetrala serve kinwa bahutek simashulk niyamanmadhun suut deil. sezchi sarvat tokachi shreni mhanje mukt bandar (udaa.jee. luxemberg mukt bandar, singapur mukt bandar, geneva mukt bandar), jyamadhye sathavalelya kinwa pathavalelya vastoo yajmananchya adhikarkshetrat kadhihi pravesh kelya naheet asey manale jaate.
advitiyapane, swalbard heey swalbard kararachya atinnusar purnapane visa-mukt kshetra aahe, jeey swalbardchya arctic dweepsamuhavaril norwechya sarvbhaumatvala manyata dete parantu teey kahee atinchya adheen karate aanee parinami serve norwegian kayade lagoo hott naheet, jyat seema niyantranancha samavesh aahe. haah karar dweepsamuhachya sainyaviramache niyaman karato. swakshari swakshari betanvaril vyavsayik upkramanmadhye (pramukhyane kolasa khankam) sahbhagi honyacha samaan adhikar denyat aala hota. norwey aanee russia yaa adhikaracha vapar karat aahet. tyachpramane, iranchya kish aanee kesham betanchya vishesh aarthik kshetransathi aanee iraqi kurdistansathi sopee visa dhorane lagoo aahet.
savalati.
savalat haah ekhadya rajyatil eka pradesh aahe jyavar vyakti rajyala adhikarkshetra denyat aale aahe. samrajyavadachya kalat, vasahatvadi kinwa shahee shaktinna varanvar savalati dilya jaat asat. visheshtah, newyork shahar, jineva, vienna aanee nairobi yetheel sanyukt rashtranche mukhyalay sanyukt rashtrandvare aantarrashtriy savalati mhanoon prashasit kele jaate, parantu tarihi bahutek sthanik aanee rashtriy kayadyanchya adheen aahe. sanyukt rashtranna serve sadasya deshanchya pratinidhinna tyanchya mukhyalayatil baithakila upasthit rahanyachi parvanagi aavashyak asalyane, yazman desh see-2 transit vhisasarkhya vishesh vhisachi vyavastha karatat, jyamule paradeshi paradeshi sanyukt rajyanmadhye pravesh karata yeto, jarr teey sanyukt rashtranchya mukhyalayachya parisarat rahile tarr.
tangier aantarrashtriy kshetra heey 373 chauras kilometres savalatiche kshetra hote, jeey 1923 teey 1956 darmyan morokkan shahar tangier aanee tyachya parisaratil anek deshandware prashasit hote. agadi shanghai aantarrashtriy vasahatipramanech, yaa kshetrache sarkar aanee prashasana anek paradeshi shaktinchya hatat hote. yaa kshetrachi swatachi niyukt aantarrashtriy vidhansabha hotee, jee belgium, france, britton, itali, netherlands, portugal aanee spainchya vanijyadutancha samavesh asalelya niyantran samitichya dekharekhikhali hotee. karyakari adhikar prashaskamadhye nihit hote aanee nyayik adhikar anukrame belgian, british, spanish, french aanee italian sarkaranni niyukt kelelya paach nyayadhishanchya mishra nyayalayat hote. mishra nyayalayachi nirmiti jhalyamule, vividh europeey shaktinni tethe purvi adhikarkshetra vaparat asalelya dutavas nyayalayanna mage ghetale. yaa kshetrachi sahishnuta, sanskruti, dharm aanee bohemiyanvadachi vividhata yasathi pratishtha hotee. pashchatya deshantil sahityik diggaj aanee samalingi purushansathi heey eka paryatan kendra banale. nantarche anek lock yaa kshetrat ughadpane 'baherche' jeevan jagoo shakale. julai 1952 madhye sanrakshn shakti rabat yethe yaa kshetrachya bhavishyabaddal charcha karnyasathi bhetalya aanee teey radd karnyas sahmati darshavali. 1956 madhye purn sarvbhaumatva punarsanchayit jhalyanantar tangier urvarit morokkomadhye sameel jhaala.
ottoman samrajyacha sansthapak osman pahila yache aajoba suleiman shaah yanchi kabar samrajyachya patananantar uttar syriamadhye aahe. 1921 chya ankara kararane thadgyachya sabhovatalacha parisar turkey savalat mhanoon sthapit keela. 1973 madhye thadge halavanyat aale kaaran asad talavachya nirmitimule yaa thikani puur yenar hota aanee 2015 madhye syrian gruhyuddhala pratisad mhanoon turkine ektarfi sthalantar kele. syrian sarkarne 1921 chya kararashi visangat asalyache sangoon yaa halchalicha nishedh keela; turkine thadgi vyakti thikani parat halavanyachi yojana aakhali aahe.
ashiya.
dejima bett bandar heey portugij aanee nantar japani nagasaki shaharajavalil dutch savalatiche hote. nanban vyaparadarmyan portugij portugij thevanyasathi sthapan karnyat aaleli hii jaaga nantar 1641 teey 1854 darmyan dutch prashasanakade sopavanyat aalee. ido kalat lagoo asalelya sakoku dhoranantargat, japancha bahereel jagashi sanvad sadhanyacha haah ekmev bindu hota. dejima teey nagasaki aanee japani nagasaki teey dejima yaa paradeshi paradeshi maryadit marg seema niyantrit karate. tyachpramane, makau bett chindware mring rajvanshachya kalat portugijanna denyat aale, jyanni 1557 teey 1999 darmyan tyache vyapari kendra mhanoon prashasana kele. afoo yuddhannantar, mring rajvanshachya uttaradhikari king rajvanshachya nanjingchya tahanusar hongkong bett aanee aaspascha parisar britishanna deela, parinami 1997 paryant haah bhag british vyapari kendra mhanoon prashasit keela gela.
kingchya uttaradhat, chiinii pradeshacha mahattvapoorn bhag, pramukhyane pramukhyane, anek european shakti tasech japan aanee americase kabja kelelya shaktinna savalati mhanoon aatmasamarpan karnyat aale. pratyek savalatichya swatachya polis dalasah, aanee tyanchya swatachya swatantra kayadyansah vegvegalya kayadeshir adhikarkshetranchi hotee. asha prakare, ekhada upkram eka savalatit kayadeshir asoo shakato parantu vyakti savalatit bekaydeshir asoo shakato. anek savalatinni tyanchi swatachi lashkari chhawani aanee ubhe sainya dekhil rakhale. chean sarkarche lashkari aanee police dall kadhikadhi upasthit asat. kahee police dalanni chiinii lokanna parvanagi dilee, tarr itaranni dilee nahee. yaa savalatinmadhye, pratyek paradeshi shaktichya nagarikanna muktapane rahanyacha, vyapar karnyacha, dharmantar karnyacha aanee pravas karnyacha adhikar denyat aala hota. tyanni tyanchi swatachi up-sanskruti vikasit kelee, jee ekulati eka asaleli aanee aantarik chiinii sanskratipeksha vegali hotee aanee vasahatvadi prashasanane tyanna savalati "matrubhoomi" guna denyacha prayatna keela. church, sarvajanik ghare aanee itar vividh pashchatya vyavsayik sanstha savalatinmadhye udayas aalya. japanchya babatit, tyachya swatachya parampara aanee bhasha naisargikaritya bharbharatila aalya. yapaiki kahee savalatinmadhye akheris paradeshi shaktinchya mool deshantil bahutek shaharanpeksha pratyek mool sanskratichi adhik pragat vastukala hotee. chiinii lokanna bahutek savalatinpasun moolatah pratibandhit karnyat aale hote, parantu vyavsayik kriyakalap aanee seva sudharanyasathi, 1860 chya dashkaparyant bahutek savalatinni chiinii lokanna parvanagi dilee, parantu teey savalatiche prashasana prashasana paradeshi rajyache nagrik naslyamule tyanna duyyam darjachya nagarikansarkhe vagavale. savalatinmadhye teey akheris bahusankhya rahivasi banale. savalatinmadhye bigger-chiinii samanyatah dutavas kayadyachya adheen hote aanee yapaiki kahee kayade chiinii rahivashanna lagoo hote. ullekhaneey savalatinmadhye united kingdam aanee united statesdware prashasit shanghay aantarrashtriy vasahat, shanghaymadhil french savalat, kwantung bhadepattivaril pradesh aanee beijing legation quarter yancha samavesh aahe.
chinmadhil paradeshi savalati chinchya prajasattakachya mukhya bhoomichya kalat astitvat rahilya. shanghai aanee tianjinsarkhya pramukh shaharanmadhye, asankhya adhikarkshetranchya astitvamule, gunhegar eka adhikarkshetrat gunha karoo shakatat aanee nantar sahajpane vyakti adhikarkshetrat paloon jaau shakatat. samrajyavadanantarchya sardar yugacha uday aanee 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat kendriya satta kosalalyane prajasattak kalat hii eka mothee samasya bunley. gunhegarichi anekada bharbharat jhaali, visheshtah vividh sardar gatanni sanghatit kelela gunha.
aashiyatil bahutansh savalati mhanje karar bandare, chean aanee japanmadhil bandar shahare jee pramukhyane pashchimatya shaktinni tyanchyavar ladalelya asman kararanmule paradeshi vyaparasathi khulee karnyat aalee hotee, tasech koriyatil shahare japani samrajyane corian dweepkalpachya vilinikaranapurvi ashach prakare ughadali hotee. 1841 chya afoo yuddhapasun suru houn chinmadhil karar bandar pranali andaje shambhar varshe tikali. 1930 chya dashakachya uttaradhat japanane bahutek bandaranvar niyantran midavale, 1917 madhye russian krantichya parshvabhumivar russiananni tyanche kararache adhikar sodale aanee 1914 madhye germananna hakaloon denyat aale. teen mukhya karar shakti, british, american aanee french yanni vyakti mahayuddhaparyant tyanchya savalati aanee bahya adhikarkshetre kayam thewali. 1941 chya uttaradhat japani lokanni tyanchya savalatinvar jordar hallah chadhavala tevha yacha ant jhaala. tyanni 1943 madhye chiang kaee-shekchya rashtravadi sarkarbarobarchya naveen "samaan karar" kararat aupcharikpane tyanche kararache adhikar sodale, jeey 1943 madhye chongkingmadhye haddapar jhaale hote. karar bandar yugache avashesh asalele aantarrashtriy samuday 1940 chya uttaradhat sampale jevha communistanni taba ghetala aanee jawaljawal serve paradeshi nighun gele.
chinmadhil savalatinmadhye, tabyat ghetalelya paradeshi shaktinni vegalya kayadeshir vyavasthanche prashasana kele. paradeshi prakaranancha nyayniwada karnari done mukhya nyayalaye mhanje shanghai mishra nyayalay aanee chinsathiche british sarvoch nyayalay. karar kelelya deshansathi ashach nyayalayanchi sthapana karnyat aalee, udaa.jee. chinsathiche united states court. aupcharikpane king sarvbhaumatvakhali rahilelya savalatichya kshetranvar hyanche adhikarkshetra hote. suruvatila, british kshetrat gunhe prashasana chiinii lokanna chiinii chiinii pathvanyat aale.
suez aanee panama kalve.
suez aanee panama kalve moolatah tyanchya bandhkamasathi nidhi nidhi paradeshi shaktindware prashasit savalati mhanoon sthapit kele gele hote. 1859 aanee 1956 darmyan, british aanee french malkichya suez kalwa companyne suez kalwa chalavala, tarr 1903 teey 1999 paryant america sarkarne panama kalvyachya sabhovatalachya bhagache prashasana kele. egyptche adhyaksh gamal abdel nasser yanni suez sankatachya kalat companyche rashtriyikaran kele tevha suez kalvyache savalatichya prashasanacha ant jhaala, tarr panama kalvyache american prashasana torizos-carter kararanchya parinami sampushtat aale, jyamadhye americene panama kalwa kshetravaril savalati swechhene sodoon dilya.
paradeshatil lashkari tall.
greenlandmadheel american-prashasit pitufic antaral tall aanee kyubatil gwantanamo khadee kinwa cyprus betavaril british-prashasit akrotiri aanee dhekelia yasarkhe paradeshi lashkari tall heey keval lashkari hetunsathi yazman rajyane dilelya savalatichi eka vegali shreni aahe. prashasakeey lashkari dalala dilela adhikarkshetriy adhikar yazman aanee prashasakeey rajyane kelelya kararanusar talanusar bhinn asato. udaharanarth, syriatil khamemim havai tall russian sarkarla 49 varshanchya kalavadhisathi bhadepattivar deela jaato aanee russian sarkar havai tall aanee tyachya aaplya bahya adhikarkshetra vaparte tarr british sarkar akrotiri aanee dhekelia (cypriot swatantrya prasthapit karnyachya kararantargat "sarvbhoum aadhar kshetra" mhanoon niyukt) heey paradeshi pradesh mhanoon prashasit karate.
pravesh bandaranvar nirjantukikaran kshetra.
pravesh bandarashi nigadit nirjantuk kshetra heey asey kshetra aahe jithe dakshines aantarrashtriy pravashanni aagman simashulk aanee sthalantar niyantrane saaf karoon aupcharikpane deshat pravesh keela nahee aanee prasthan prashasana pravashanni baher padanyache sthalantar niyantran saaf karoon aupcharikpane deshatoon baher padale aahe. nirjantukikaran kshetra samanyatah aantarrashtriy vimantalanvar aadhaltat, tarr teey kahee bandare aanee bhoo-paranvar dekhil astitvat asatat. sthanik sthalantar aanee simashulk kayadyanpasun tyanna nehmichi suut asoonahi, pravesh bandaranvaril aantarrashtriy kshetre purnapane tyaa deshachya adhikarkshetrat aahet jithe teey sthit aahet aanee sthanik kayade lagoo hotat. bekaydeshir krutya kartana pakadalya gelelya vyakti (udaa.jee. aantarrashtriy kshetrat bekaydeshir ammali padarthansarkhya pratibandhit vastoo balgane) heey khatala chalvanyasathi jababdar aahet.
aantarrashtriy vimantalanmadhye, parivahan pravasi sahasa simashulk aanee sthalantar niyantrane saaf naan karata aantarrashtriy kshetrat jodanari aantarrashtriy uddane gheu shakatat aanee bahutek prakarananmadhye tyanna vhisachi aavashyakta nasate. tathapi, kahee deshanmadhye, kahee rashtriyatechya pargaman pravashanna seema niyantranatun jaanyachi aavashyakta nasali tarihi thet havai pargaman visa asane aavashyak aahe. aantarrashtriy uddanandarmyan sankraman prashasana pravashanna seema niyantrane saaf karnyapasoon suut denyasathi, uttar americabaheril bahutek aantarrashtriy vimantalanvar nirjantukikaran kshetra aahe jyamadhye keval adhikrut karmchari aanee vaidh tikit asalelya prakriya kelelya pravashanna pravesh karanyachi parvanagi aahe.
done pramukh apavad mhanje america aanee canada, jethe vimantalanvar samanyatah aantarrashtriy sankraman kshetra nasate. aantarrashtriy vimananni dakshines serve pravashanchi simashulk aanee sthalantar tapasani kelee jaate. america aanee canada vyatirikt itar deshanche nagrik.ess. vimantalasathi patra pravashansathi kiman see-1 transit visa kinwa aii. ess. tii. aii. aavashyak aahe. darmyan, canada kinwa united states vyatirikt itar deshanchya nagarikansathi canadian vimantalavar sankraman karnyasathi samanyatah visa kinwa electronic pravas adhikrutata (eae. tii. aii.) aavashyak asate, keval americet kinwa tethoon tethoon vyakti vagalata, jeey chean sankraman karyakramasathi kinwa visa karyakramavina sankramanasathi patra aahet.
vimantalanvaril nirjantukikaran kshetranche eka samanya vaishishtya aanee adhunmadhun jaminivaril aanee sagari simevaril, shulkmukt dukane, jyaa grahakanni chadhanapurvi nirgaman seema niyantrane saaf kelee aahet, tyanna aanee kahee thikani paradeshatoon dakshines pravashanna karmukt utpadane vikatat. pratyek pravasi pratyek prakarchya kitee shulkmukt vastoo kharedi karoo shakato yavar bahutek desh maryada ladatat. 2016 madhye 18.5 abj americi dollars siol incheon vimantal haah sarvadhik shulkmukt vikri asalela vimantal aahe. dubai aantarrashtriy vimantal vyakti kramankavar aahe, jyane 2016 madhye 18.2 abj americi dollarsche vyavhar nondavale aahet.
francemadhye sthit euroairport besal mulbos freeberg yaa vimantalavar, malabhauspasoon 20 kilometer aagney aanee besalchya (switzerland) vayvyes 3.5 kilometer antaravar, eka dwirashtriy nirjantukikaran kshetra aahe, jyamadhye simashulk rastyasah, switzerlandla dakshines aanee tethoon dakshines pravashanna french simashulk niyantranatun naan jaata vimantalavar pravesh karanyachi parvanagi aahe. 1946 chya kararapasoon donhi deshankadun sanyuktapane haah vimantal chalavala jaat aahe. switzerlandmadhil jineva vimantalavar french pravashansathi ashach suvidha aahet.
sainyavirahit kshetre.
asainyikrut kshetra heey asey kshetra aahe jyamadhye rashtre, lashkari shakti kinwa pratispardhi gatanmadhil karar kinwa karar lashkari aasthapana, kriyakalap kinwa kinwa pratibandhit karatat. teey anekada 'dii jeur' kinwa 'dii facto' seema kinwa done kinwa adhik lashkari shakti kinwa yutimadhil simanvar asatat. simavyavastha kshetrancha seema kshetranshi gondhal houu naye, jeey seema niyantranasathi rajyane ektarfipane sthapan kelelya simevar asalele kshetra aahet.
anek asainyikrut kshetranna tatasth pradesh manale jaate kaaran agadi bigger-ladhau prashasanasathihi konatyahi pakshala tyavar niyantran thevanyachi parvanagi nahee. jyaa rajyane (dii. emm. zed. atinnusar) vivadit pradeshat lashkari dall rakhanyacha aapala adhikar moolatah deela hota, tyaa rajyala kararane niyantran dilyanantar kahee kshetranche sainyavirahitkaran jhaale aahe. adhikaranna tyanchya sambandhit pradeshik davyancha aupcharikpane todga naan kadhata kshetrachya sainyaviruddha sahmati hone dekhil shakya aahe, jyamule mutsaddi sanvad kinwa aantarrashtriy nyayalayasarkhya shantatapurn marganni vivad sodavata yeu shakato.
anek asainyikrut kshetrehi nakalat vanyajeev sanrakshankshetra bunley aahet kaaran tyanchi jameen bandhkamasathi asurakshit aahe kinwa manvi adthalyanna (shikarasah) qamee samore jaate. udaharananmadhye corian sainyavirahit kshetra, cypriot sainyavirahit kshetra (harit resha) aanee purviche vhietnami sainyavirahit kshetra samavisht aahe, jyane 21 julai 1954 teey 2 julai 1976 yaa kalavadhit vhietanamache done deshanmadhye (uttar vietnam aanee dakshin vietnam) vibhajan kele.
ashiya.
vyakti mahayuddhanantar america aanee soviet unionne corian dweepkalpache vibhajan kelyamule aanee tyanantarchya corian yuddhamule tivra jhalelya parinami, uttar aanee dakshin koriyachya "vastavik" simevar eka sainyavirahit kshetra (dmzed) pasarale aahe. 1953 madhye corian yuddh sampalyanantar dii. emm. zed. prabhavi simanche anusaran karate. hongkongmadhil seema bund kshetrapramanech, heey kshetra aanee simechya donhi bajunna astitvat asalele sanrakshn upkaran donhi bajunmadhil anadhikrut marg rokhanyache kaam karate. dakshin koriyamadhye, nagri niyantran resha (see. see. ell.) aanee sainyavirahit kshetrachya prarambhadarmyan atirikt kumpan kshetra aahe. see. see. ell. hii eka ashee resha aahe jee asainyikrut kshetrachya dakshin seema reshepasoon 5 teey 20 kilometres antaravar asainyikrut kshetrasathi atirikt buffer zoan niyukt karate. asainyikrut kshetrajavalachya lashkari suvidha aanee mohimanchi suraksha aanee dekhbhal karnyasathi yaa bhagat nagarikanchya praveshavar maryada ghalane aanee tyavar niyantran thevane haah tyacha uddesh aahe. aahe americi sainyachya senapatine see. see. ell. tayar karnyache aadesh dile aanee teey sakriy jhaale aanee februwari 1954 madhye teey pahilyanda prabhavi jhaale. dakshin seema reshechya dakshines dakshines buffer zonla nagri niyantran kshetra mhanatat. kateri taranchi kumpan aanee manushyabal asalelya lashkari paharekari chaukya yaa chakrala chinhankit karatat. dakshin koriyache sainik samanyatah see. see. ell. chya uttares pravas prashasana paryatak buses aanee gadyansobat nagarikanvar laksh thevanyasathi tasech uttar koriyachya ghuskhoranpasun tyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi sashastr rakshak mhanoon jaatat. asainya kshetrachya kumpan" chee bahutek paryatak aanee prasarmadhyamanchi chhayachitre pratyakshat see. see. ell. kumpananchi chhayachitre aahet. dakshin seema reshevaril vastavik asainyikrut kshetrachi kumpan sainik vagalata pratyekasathi purnapane maryadebaher aahe aanee asainyikrut kshetrachi kumpan chhayachitre kadhane bekaydeshir aahe.
tyachpramane, corian dweepkalpatil hahn nadiche sampoorn mukh "tatasth kshetra" manale jaate aanee adhikrutpane serve nagri jahajansathi maryadebaher aahe. yaa tatasth kshetrat keval lashkari jahajanna parvanagi aahe. alikadachya varshant, chiinii masemari jahajanni hahn nadichya nadimukhatil tanavpurn paristhiticha fayda ghetala aahe aanee naudalachya ladhaya suru honyachya bhitine uttar koria aanee dakshin koria yaa donhi naudalanni yaa bhagat kadhihi gast naan ghatalyamule yaa bhagat bekaydeshirpane masemari kelee aahe. yamule chiinii machchimar aanee dakshin koriyachya tatarakshak dalamadhye aag vizavanyat aalee aanee boaty budalya. 30 janewari 2019 roji, uttar koria aanee dakshin koriyachya lashkari lashkari eka aitihasik kararavar kararavar kelya, jyamule 1953 madheel yuddhaviram kararanantar prathamach nagri jahajansathi hahn nadicha mukhdwar khula hoil. haah karar april 2019 madhye honar hota, parantu 2019 chya hanoi shikhar parishadechya apayshamule yaa yojana anishchit kalasathi pudhe dhakalalya gelya.
1962 madhye, aantarrashtriy nyayalayane prih vihar mandirachya bhovati eka "tatpurte asainyikrut kshetra" tayar karnyache aadesh dile hote, jyachya malkicha dawa kambodiya aanee thayaland yaa doghannihi keela aahe.
japanchya manchuriyachya tabyat asatana, jevha teey manchukuoche kathputali rajya mhanoon prashasit jhaale, tevha chean aanee japan yanchyat meey 1933 chaa tanggoo yuddhaviram jhaala, jyamule manchukuo aanee chean yanchyat eka sainyavirahit kshetra sthapan jhaale. 1937 madhye japanane urvarit chinavar aakraman karoon yaa yuddhaviramache ullanghan kele. 1945 madhye, vyakti mahayuddhachya ashiya-paisiphik rangbhumichya shevati japani samrajyachya patananantar, manchuria chinmadhye punha samavisht karnyat aala. tyachpramane, vietnam yuddhadarmyan, uttar vietnam aanee dakshin vietnam darmyan eka sainyavirahit kshetra hote. vhiet minh aanee france yanchyatil yuddh yuddh jineva parishadecha parinam mhanoon julai 1954 madhye yaa kshetrachi sthapana karnyat aalee. vhietanammadhil dii. emm. zed. adhikrutpane adhikrutpane samantar bhagat hote, parantu pratyakshat, baine haav nadichya donhi bajunna sumare deed kiimii aanee laao simepasoon dakshin chean samudraparyant pashchimepasun purveparyant vistarle hote. 1976 madhye deshachya ekikarananantar vhietnami sainyavirahit kshetra radd karnyat aale.
europe aanee madhya purv.
europe aanee madhyapurvet, visheshtah lashkari sangharshanantar pradeshik vivad asalelya bhagat, asainyikrut kshetre samanya aahet.
samkalinah
aitihasikah
dakshin america.
martin garcia bett-1973 chya argentine aanee urugue yanchyatil reo dii laa plata seema kararane heey bett argentinachya sarvbhaumatvakhali raheel parantu keval vanaspati aanee pranyanche naisargik rakheev kshetra mhanoon vaparale jaau shakate heey sthapit kele.
1999 teey 2002 darmyan dakshin kolambiyamadhye ell kaguan sainyavirahit kshetrachi sthapana karnyat aalee, jyat adhyaksh andres pastrana yanche sarkar aanee kolambiyatil krantikari sashastr dalancha (pharqa) samavesh asalelya ayashasvi shantata prakriyedarmyan.
antarctica.
antarctic kararanusar, antarcticache vyavasthapan aantarrashtriy kshetra mhanoon kele jaate. haah karar antarcticamadhye lashkari karvayanna pratibandhit karato, jase qee "lashkari tall aanee tatbandichi sthapana, lashkari yuktya karane, tasech konatyahi prakarchya shastranchi chachani", jaree tyat "vaidnyanik sanshodhanasathi kinwa itar konatyahi shantatapurn hetusathi lashkari karmchari kinwa upkaranancha vapar" karanyachi tartud aahe. haah karar khandala vaidnyanik sanshodhanasathi eka sanrakshn mhanoon sthapit karato, khandavaril serve pradeshik dave nilambit karato aanee serve rajyanna khandavar sanshodhan kendre sthapan karanyachi parvanagi deto.
antarcticamadhye sadhya konatihi kayamswarupi loksankhya nahee aanee mhanunach tyala nagrikatva kinwa sarkar nahee. antarcticavar konatyahi velee upasthit asalele karmchari jawaljawal nehmich antarcticabaheril kahee sarvbhaumatvache nagrik kinwa nagrik asatat, kaaran antarctic sarvbhaumatva nahee. parinami, antarcticamadhye gunhe prashasana vyakti samanyatah tyanchya rashtriyatechya deshachya, piditechya rashtriyatechya deshachya (lagoo asalyas) kinwa jyaa deshat gunhe ghadale tyaa mohimechya kinwa talache prashasana prashasana deshachya adhikarkshetrachya adheen asatat.
antarctic karar aanee paryavaran sanrakshanavaril tyachya protocolche pakshakar asalelya sarkaranni yaa kararanchya kalamanchi aanee tyanchya antargat ghetalelya nirnayanchi rashtriy kayadyandvare amalbajavani kelee. heey kayade samanyatah keval tyanchya swatachya nagarikannach lagoo hotat, teey antarcticamadhye kuthehi asateel aanee sallagar pakshanchya ekmat nirnayanchi amalbajavani karnyasathi kaam karatatah konate upkram swikararh aahet, konatya kshetranna pravesh karnyasathi parvangya aavashyak aahet, paryavaraniy prabhav mulyankanachya konatya prakriya upkramanpurvi asane aavashyak aahe, ityadi. antarctic karar haah manavjatichya samaan varshache udaharan asalyache anekada manale jaate.
bahya avkash.
bahya antaral heey konatyahi rajyachya rashtriy adhikarkshetrabaher asalyane teey samanyatah aantarrashtriy kshetra manale jaate. bahya antaral kararachya kalam 2 madhye, ghoshana, kabja kinwa "itar konatyahi margane" chandra kinwa grahasarkhya khagoliy vastunvar tyancha swatacha pradesh mhanoon dawa karnyas rajyanna spashtapane manai aahe. tathapi, upgrah kinwa antaral sthankasarkhya antaral vastuche prakshepan karnare rajya tyaa vastuvar adhikarkshetra aanee niyantran rakhoon thevate; vistaradvare, rajya tyachya antaral vastumule jhalelya nukasanasathi dekhil jababdar asate. yavyatirikt, haah karar chandra aanee itar khagoliy vastooncha vapar shantatapurn hetunsathi maryadit karato aanee konatyahi prakarchya shastranchi chachani karnyasathi, lashkari yuktivad karnyasathi kinwa lashkari tall, aasthapana aanee kille sthapan karnyasathi tyancha vapar karnyas pratibandhit karato (kalam 4). tathapi, haah karar paramparik shastranchya kakshet sthan denyas pratibandhit karat nahee aanee tyamule gatiman bombsphotasarkhya kahee atyant vidhvansak hallyachya yuktya ajunahi sambhavyapane parvangiyogya aahet. yavyatirikt, haah karar spashtapane lashkari karmchari aanee sansadhananchya vaparala avkashatil shantatapurn vaparas samarthan denyasathi parvanagi deto, jyamule tyaa khandatil lashkari tainativaril antarctic kararachi sthitee pratibimbit hote.
bahutek upgrah aanee antaral sthanke tainat kelelya rajyadvare prashasit kelee jaatat, tarr aantarrashtriy antaral sthanak nagri aantarrashtriy antaral sthankavaril sahkaryashi sambandhit kararadvare sthapit aantarrashtriy chaukatidware niyantrit kele jaate. yaa kararanusar, pratyek rajya heey sthankasathi yogdan yogdan ghatkanshi sambandhit konatyahi dayitvasathi aanee tyanchya karyakramanche vyavasthapan aanee sthanakachya vaparasathi jababdar aahe. yavyatirikt, pratyek sahbhagi rajya sthankavaril aaplya aaplya faujdari adhikarkshetra vaparte, apavad mhanoon, jethe gunhyacha balee tharalela vyakti vyakti sahbhagi rajyacha nagrik asel aanee gunhegaranche rashtriyatva asalelya rajyane gunhyacha khatala chalavala nasel.

