
deta visualization rung coding

mahitee tantradnyanamule aaj mahitee drushyikaranala mahatva prapt jhaale aaheh saksham drushyikaran softwares sangankanmadhye prakriya kelelya mothya deta, sankhyikeey tantransah aanee electronic displaver rung coding. 
mool.
rung kodingchya utpattimadhye rubrics, nakshishastrache chaar ranganche pramey aanee jacks bertinche 1967 chey pustak, "semiology graphik" ("graphixche ardhvidnyan") yancha samavesh aahe. deta visualizationsathy samkalin rung coding chaar tantradnyanadvare saksham kele jaateh sankhyiki, rung tantradnyan, pradarshan aanee sanganakeey. sankhyikishastradnya johnn tukee aanee edward tuft yanni 1977 madhye tyanchya sambandhit aitihasik pustakanmadhye 'exploratory deta analysis' aanee 1982 madhye 'daad visual display auph quantitive information' madhye detachya drushyikaranachi prakriya kelee hotee. tyanni rangachya vaparavar jore deela nahee. itaranni pradarshit mahitichya drushya shodhala gatee denyasathi aanee swarasya asaleli mahitee shodhanyasathi aanee vyavasthit karnyasathi rung kodingche shreshthatva dakhavun dile. rung-kodit deta visualizationsathy tisari purvat mhanje uchch-resolution, uchch-virodhabhas, uchch-prakash rung electronic display. honeywell corporation aanee boing corporation tantrik mahitee ektrit kelee jee rangeet pradarshanasathi ajunahi yogya aahe. agadi alikade, yuu. ess. federal aviation administration swayam-chamakdar rung pradarshananvar gatishil (havai vahtook) detachya drushyikaranachya tantrik margadarshan prakashit kele aahe.
rung-kodit drushya shodh karanyachi manavanmadhye janmajat kshamata asate. rung kodingshivay samaan mahitee pradarshit karnyachya shodhapeksha, prashikshan kinwa sarav naan karata, rung codings shodh vel daha kinwa tyahoon adhik ghatkandware qamee kelee jaau shakate. udaharanarth, aakruti 1aii rung kodingshivay dirghkal shodhanyache chitran karate, tarr aakruti 1bii rung coding darshavate jyamule deta thalak hoto.
deta shodh aanee gatanasathi rung kodingchi moolbhut tattve.
rung-kodit drushyikaran.
rung kodingche deta visualizationsathy vividh anuprayog aahet. eka samanya tattva mhanje "ranganchi thalakata pradarshit kelelya mahitichya prasangiktesaha sanrekhit karane". shodhanaya vyaktila sapadnanya vastoocha rung deela jaau shakato kinwa tyanna tyanchya anubhavachya aadhare ichchit shrenicha rung mahit asoo shakato. vaikalpikaritya, tyanchya karyasathi ashee vastoo shodhane aavashyak asoo shakate jee rangane darshavili jaate, jee lakshaniy rung naan deta vegali disate.
thalak rung vaparale jaau shakatat, udaharanarth, namune thalak karnyasathi kinwa jalad shodh saksham karnyasathih
rung kodingcha aanakhi eka anuprayog mhanje drushyikrut detamadhye samamiti darshavine. rung coding jodale aanee ulgadale jaau shakate, udaa.jee., ekhadya bhukhandavaril cull, kinwa majjatantu jodanimadhye akshatantunchi satatyata. rangavar aadharit shodh kinwa gatasathichya janmajat kaushalyache naveen anuprayog ajunahi shodhale jaat aahet, udaa.jee., jaalyansathi, rasta rung pramey, ushnateche nakashe, janukeey rachana, janukeey sanrachanatmak bhinnata, janukeey brouser aanee renunsarkhya avkashiy mahitee. aparichit mahititil bahyaresha aanee truti drishyaman karnyasathi rung kodingchi upayuktata aahe.
rung kodingcha vapar pradarshit kelelya detachya drushyikaranavyatirikt itar hetunsathi dekhil keela jaato. deta visualization purak aahe aanee tyaa itar vaparanna paryay dett nahee kinwa virodhabhasi nahee. jethe sangharsh shakya aahe, udaharanarth, jevha signal lightsarkhya itar sandarbhat ranganche prasthapit arth asatat, tevha deta-visualization rung kodasathi rung nivadatana tyaa arthanna aadar deela pahije."
drushya mahitee shodhanyasathi lagnara vel.
sackeds navachya jalad anaichhik aanee avachetan dolhyanchya halchalindware drushya shodh purn keela jaato. drushya shodhadarmyan dolha prati sekand sumare teen sacked banavato. dolhyanchya asha halchali manvi sandnyanatmak karyakshamatela adthala aanatat. shodhamadhye halchal aanee sthanavar prakriya karnyasathi aanee sacked niyantrit karnyasathi mendutil majjatantuche jaale samavisht asate. heey majjatantuche jaale rung aanee badalasathi sanvedanshil aahe; rung aanee flash-coding (tatpurati-badalatya chamak) paraspar hastakshep naan karata, shodh gatee vadhavanyasathi ekmekanna purak tharoo shakatat."
pradarshanat shodhanyasathi jarr n vastoo asateel, tarr vishisht vastoo shodhanyasathi n/2 sanchanchi aavashyakta asate. prati sekand teen sacked dile tarr, n/(2 * 3) = n/6 sekand haah n madhye eka vastoo shodhanyasathi shodh velecha andaj aahe. pratikriya vel jodoon andaj sudharla jaato, kadachit eka sekand; "pradarshit kelelya aine vastunmadhye lakshya vastoo shodhanyasathi apekshit shodh vel 1 + aine/6 sekandanchya barobaricha asato". haah andaj anubhavjanya shodh veleshi susangat aahe. asha paristhitit, "rung-kodit shodh vel vishisht lakshya rung samayik karananya pradarshanavaril mahitichya vastoonchya sankhyes reshiyaritya vadhate". yavyatirikt, "lakshya-rangachya vastoo sthanik patalivar sanghatit kelya jaatat tevha shodh jalad hoto", udaharanarth, papyukt marganmadhye kinwa sadarikaranachya mandanimadhye kinwa deta aakadyanchya rachnet.
shodh veleche ghatankiy sankhyikeey vitaran aahe. ghatankiy vitaranat, parivartansheelata (manak vichalan) apekshit moolya kinwa sarasarichya barobarichi asate. shodhasathi lagnara apekshit vel jasjasa vadhato tastashi shodh velechi parivartansheelata dekhil vadhate. dirgh apekshit shodh vel mhanje kahee khoop dirgh shodh. udaharanarth, pradarshanavar yadruchchikpane vitarit kelelya 30 vegvegalya shodh vastoonsah (aine = 30), apekshit shodh vel 6 sekand aahe, parantu 5 takke shodh 18 sekandanpeksha jaast kaal tiktil. samaan parinamansathi takta 1 pahaa.
"qamee apekshit shodh vel, sarasarichya jaast kaal shodhanyashi sambandhit asvikaryapane dirgh shodhanna pratibandhit karate." 
sambhavya lakshyanchya sankhyes shodh velechya resheey vadhivar aanee shodh velechya ghatankiy vitarnavar aadharit (takta 1 pahaa), "lakshyacha rung samayik karananya pradarshit vastoonna sumare 11 peksha qamee maryadit kelyane shodh vel jawaljawal serve vel 10 sekandanpeksha qamee raheel. shodhavyatirikt itar kahee karanansathi vikhuralelya vastoonchya upasanchanna (vividh rung) gatbaddh karane haah uddesh asel tarr adhik vastoo lakshyit rung samayik karoo shakatat."
rung kodingsathi mukhya rung nivadane.
rung coding mahitila thalak banavoo shakate (aakruti 1 bii pahaa). bhedbhav karnyayogya rung code heey mukhya lakshyit rung samayik naan karananya serve vastoonchya shodhat hastakshep qamee karatat kinwa door karatat. kodingsathi vegvegale rung nivadanyasathichya gunatmak, vyaktinishth paddhati kahee ranganparyant maryadit aahet. rung abhiyantrikine swayam-chamakdar rung pradarshanachya aagmanapurvi, kamal virodhabhas asalele 22 rung rung sadhya kele. sanganakachya padadyansarkhi swayam-chamakdar upkarane, samanyatah rangasarkhya paravartak samgridvare sadhya karnyayogya asalelya tulanet uchch prakash (vistrut rung sargam), uchch resolution (lahan chinhe aanee pratima vibhag) aanee uchch virodhabhas (parshvabhoomipasun adhik-susangat farak) karnyas saksham asatat. swayam-chamakdar pradarshanachi hii vaishishtye rung-sanketan sandhee aanee khalee charcha kelyapramane samasya nirman karatat.
electronic paddhatine pradarshit kelelya mahitichya rung-kodit drushyikaranasathi vishisht rung nivadanyachi eka vastunishtha paddhat mhanje pradarshanachya vyaptimadhye upalabdh asalelya ranganchya rung nirdeshankancha vichar karane. samanyatah, rung teen nirdeshankanni (aar, jee, bii) darshavila jaato, 8-biit pratinidhitva babatit pratyeki 0 teey 255 chya shreneet asato. sarvat jaast vaparale jaanare rung pratinidhitva heey aar. jee. bii. chey eka prakar aahe jyala ess. aar. jee. bii. mhanoon olakhale jaate, tarr upkaran-aadharit aar. jee. bii. rung pratinidhitva dekhil vaparale jaate. sadhan-aadharit aar. jee. bii. pratinidhitvacha eka fayda assa aahe qee jarr upkaran aar. jee. bii. prakash utsarjak vaparat asel tarr teey tyaa vishisht upkaranadvare tayar karata yenara pratyek rung nirdisht karoo shakate. jaree bahu-prathamik rung pradarshan paryay astitvat asale, taree bahutek pradarshananmadhye aar. jee. bii. prakash utsarjak vaparale jaatat, jase qee tikshna mahamandaladware tayar kelele quatron pradarshan.
rung kodmadhil ranganchya pratyek jodimadhil rung farak mojanyasathi prakashik mojamapancha vapar keela jaau shakato. yamadhye pradarshanatun upalabdh asalelya ranganchya trimiteey mulyanche spectro-radiometric paddhatine mojmap karane samavisht aahe. trimurthy moolye (x, y, z) heey rung farak mojanyasathi vaparale jaanare upkaran-swatantra rung nirdeshank aahet. udaharanarth, prakash, grayscalecha parasparsambandh, heey vaay triastimulus moolya aahe. "mothya-rung-farak bhedbhavachya metricks mhanoon seede 2000 kinwa seachem02 rung farak sutre sankhyikiyadrushtya shreshth aahet."samanyatah, rung farkachi ganana laal-hiravya farkansathi adhik vajan dete aanee nila-pivala farak aanee prakash (i.eae., grey scale) farak, karyakshamatechya tyaa kramane.
lakshyit rangapeksha lahan rung farak asalele code rung, shodh velechya drushtine kinwa dolhyanchya halchalinchya drushtine mojalyapramane, vichalit karananya vastoo lakshyit rangasarkhya disatat. lakshyapasun mothya rung farak asalelya pradarshit vastoo lakshyachya thalakatemadhye hastakshep karat naheet. aakruti 3 drushya aanee ganana kelelya rangatil farkadarmyan rung samanata kinwa thalakata yanchyatil yaa sambandhacha saransh dete. "rung kodmadhil sarvat samaan rung olakhanyachi (aanee vegale karanyachi, rung farak) shist upayukt tharel, code rung nivadanyasathi jee paddhat vaparali jaeel."
aine rung asalelya kodmadhye, ranganchya aine (aine-1)/2 jodya asatat (aakruti 4 pahaa), pratyek jodit rung farak asato. ranganchi sankhya jasjashi vadhate tasatase ranganchya farkancha prasar, rung nivadichi paddhatshir, kramvarit aanee svayanchalit paddhat aavashyak karate. udaharanarth, vimanchalan takte 28 rangansah rung code kelele asoo shakatat, jeey 378 jodinusar rung farak darshavtat.
ekmekanchya sandarbhat disanari anek ranganchi thalakata anukool kelee jaau shakate. kaaran lahan rung farak shodhat hastakshep karatat, tarr mothe-purese rung farak hastakshep karat naheet (aakruti 3 pahaa), optimization uddisht "aine-rung kodmadhil aine (aine-1)/2 rung farkanmadhil kiman ganana kelela rung-farak jastit jaast karane, jenekarun vishisht pradarshanachya sargamshi sanukoolit rung kodasathi mothya sankhyene (aine) bhinn rung midavata yeteel."hii moolbhut paddhat audhyogik vaparasathi vistrut karnyat aalee hotee. pradarshanatun pratibimbit honanya sabhovatalachya prakashachya khatyasathi hii paddhat lagoo kelee gelee aahe. optimization paddhat paryayi vastunishtha karyanparyant vistarit kelee gelee aahe. heey jatil pradarshan paristhiti aanee lahan chinhanvar lagoo kele gele aahe. tantrik rung mapan aanee anukool rung farak anek paryayi samaan-prabhavi sanket tayar karoo shakatat jeey pradarshanachya sampoorn vyapticha aanee manvi rung bhedbhav kshamatecha fayda ghetat. paryayi coding paryayanchya yaa upalabdhatemule purv-sthapit arthansah kinwa ayogya rung talhanyasathi yogya rangancha vapar karane shakya hote.
mahitichya thalakatesathi rung kodingchya vyavharik samasya.
chinhacha aakar ranganchya thalakatevar parinam karato.
"vastunmadhil spasht rung farak pahilya jaananya vastoonchya drushya konavar avalambun asato. lahan chinhanmule rangbhed qamee hoto."rangatil ganite 2-ansh drushya sookshmata gruheet dharatat. udaharanarth, angathyachya nakhecha sandha (angathyachya tokapasoon teey nakhechya sandhyaparyant) hatachya lambivar sumare done ansh drushya sookshmata disun yete. vishisht pradarshan chinhe keval 7 minite kinwa done anshanchya 1/16 peksha qamee vel deu shakatat. yaa tathyanchya sandarbhat yacha vichar qaraa
yaa karananmule, nile bhed (konatyahi tritan reshevaril rangancha samavesh asalele) lahan chinhansathi nasht hotat. yala small-feeled tritanopia mhanatat, joou lahan drushya kshetranmadhil nilapana-farkansathi rangachi kamatarata aahe, jyachya adheen pratyekjan aahe. mhanoon, lahan chinhansathi coding rung nivadatana, sumare 30 minitanpeksha qamee kalavadhisathi (mhanje, nilya rangachya farkavar suut dilee pahije (kinwa vicharat ghenyapasunahi kadhoon takale pahije).eae., surya aanee chandra) koneey sookshmata. jevha chinhancha aakar qamee hoto tevha nilya rangacha samavesh nasalele rung-farak dekhil qamee hotat (nilyapeksha qamee jaree). udaharanarth, vastoo qamee drishyaman sukshmatekade valat asalyane tyaa gadad (qamee prakash) disatat; samaan prakash asaleli mothee kshetre lahan bhaganpeksha halki disatat. "grayscale farkansah spasht rung farkanvar drushya sukshmatechya parinamacha andaj lavane shakya aahe. chinhanche lahan drushya sookshmata mhanje samaan pradarshan shrenitil qamee thalak kinwa agadi bhedbhav karnyayogya rung soochit karatat. done-degree visual subtains asalelya chinhansathi kinwa lahan subtensasathi andajit kelyapramane samatulya rung farak asalelya chinhansathi kiman 14 seede 2000 units asalyas code rung thalak asateel."udaharanarth, vilyamsane vaparlelya 1.5-degree-by-0.75-degree drushya-shodh lakshyanmadhil thalakatemadhye tyanchya rangatil farak kamitakami 21 see. eae. dii. eae. 2000 unitsparyant vadhavanyasathi sudharana jhaali; sumare 21 peksha jaast tyanchya thalakatet aanakhi sudharana jhaali nahee. (yethe dilelya mukhya ranganchi kiman rung-farak moolye uddhrut kelelya vaidnyanik sahityatil 95 takke aatmavishvas madhyamapachya khalchya maryadeshi sambandhit aahet.) aakruti 3 madheel nilee resha aanee baana heey ganalelya rung farkache karya mhanoon, spasht rung samanatevar chhotya drushya sukshmatechya (drushya konache <2 ansh) parinamacha saransh detat. pradarshit chinh kinwa itar pratimechya vibhagadvare dilela drushya coone achookpane mojala kinwa mojala jaau shakato.
rung drushtichya kamataratemule chinhachya thalakatevar parinam houu shakato.
varshane midalelya rangachya kamataratechya sarvat samanya prakaranmadhye laal-hirwa gondhal samavisht asato. rung-aaklan yaa gondhalanna retina peshinmadhye dirgh sanvedana honyachya kamataratemule karanibhoot asatat (udaa.jee.laal) kinwa madhyam (udaa.jee., hirwa) taranglambi. sambandhit peshinchi kamatarata asalelya lokansathi laal kinwa hirwa rung gadad disel. chinhancha lahan drushya sookshmata kinwa rung kamtaratecha durmil prakar (tritanopia), nilya rangacha farak qamee karato (drushtipatalatil alp-taranglambi-samvedan peshindware viral namunyanmule). "samanya vaparasathi eka rung code, jithe ranganchi kamatarata kinwa lahan drushya tivrata (udaa.jee.durvaroon pahane) talhata yete, pandhare, kaale, naringi aanee rakhadi rung itar sanketik ranganpasoon aanee parshvabhoomichya prakashapasun prakashat bhedbhav karnyayogya aahet."heey asha vyaktidvare durche darshan gruheet dharale jaate, jee ektar lamb kinwa madhyam-taranglambi jaananyachi kshamata rakhoon thevate. nila (parantu kalyapeksha bhedbhavpurnapane halka) jodala jaau shakato, qamee taranglambi samvedan peshinchya durmilatemule, jarr pahanyache antar 30 minitanpeksha jaast rung-kodit chinhanche drushya qamee karnyache sunishchit karate. (aakruti 1bii pahaa.)
grayscale aaklan dekhil ranganchya kamataratemule prabhavit houu shakate. laal-hiravya-rangachi kamatarata asalele nirikshak jeey lamb-taranglambi-samvedan peshi (deuteranopes) rakhoon thevatat teey lalchya jawal rung farkanche achook nyayadhish asatat. tyamule, "rung-kamatarata nirikshakansathi sarvottam rung code rung kamataratechya prakaravar avalambun asel".
ranganchi kamatarata asalelya nirikshakandware pahanyasathi pratima vadhavalya jaau shakatat. rung purak karnyasathi kadaa vadhavane, rung badalane aanee namuna superposition yaa shifaras kelelya paddhati aahet. teen prakarchya pratimanchi kalpana kelee jaateh naisargik drushya, vaidnyanik drushya kinwa karyalayin dastaivaj. konatehi tantra serve anuprayoganchya garja purn karat nahee.
rung kodingchya sandarbhat supathyata.
varr charcha kelelya thalak goshtinpeksha supathyata vegali aahe. supathyata spashtapane aanee spashtapane disana kadaa, aakar aanee avkashiy tapashilanshi aanee tyamule vachanashi sambandhit aahe. "chinhachi supathyata heey chinh aanee jyaa parshvabhumivar chinh sadar kele jaate tyaa parshvabhoomitil prakashatil farkavar (rangatil farak nahee) avalambun asate."aakruti 5, jyachi sankalpana austreliyan vastuvisharad paul green-armitage yanni sadar kelee hotee, tee supathyatevar prakashatil farkacha haah prabhav darshavate. yaa karanastav, pivala (uchch-prakash rung) chamakdar pandhya parshvabhumivar qamee supathya asato aanee yaulat pivalya parshvabhumivar pandhari chinhe qamee supathya asatat. gadad nila (qamee-prakash rung) chinhe kalya parshvabhumivar qamee supathya asatat aanee yaulat gadad nilya parshvabhumivar kalee akshare qamee supathya asatat. pandhya parshvabhumivar pivala rung thalak asala taree aanee kalya parshvabhumivar nila rung thalak asala taree heey aahe. "drushyikrut vastunmadhye puresa rung farak asane heey purak aahe aanee susangat aahe, jyamule vastoo aanee tyanchya parshvabhumimadhil puresha prakashatil farkashi supathyata saksham hote."supathyata saksham karnyasathi aavashyak prakash farkache praman mojanyasathi sansadhane aahet.
grayscale heey detachya drushyikaranache eka mahattvache sadhan aahe.
supathyatevar honanya tyachya prabhavavyatirikt, prakash grayscalver dekhil parinam karato. halakpana aanee ujalanitil farak heey rangbhedache grayscale gunadharm aahet, tyamule teey chinhanchya thalakatevar parinam karoo shakatat. rung-drushtichi kamatarata asalelya lokansathi grayscale sulabh aahe aanee chhotya drushya-sukshmatemule teey lupt honyachi shakyata qamee asate (rangbhedatil farkanpeksha). "grayscale (rangbhedapeksha rangbhed) hawaman nakashavaril tapmanasarkhya kramvarichya mahitichya sanketikaranasathi visheshtah yogya asalyache darshavile gele aahe."
"parshvabhumichi chamak badalalyane nivadalelya pratyek parshvabhoomichya prakashapeksha fakt jaast aanee tyapeksha qamee prakash asalelya (bahudha rung-kodit) chinhanmadhil farak thalakpane disun yeto."aakruti 3 madheel thipkedar rakhadi resha yaa parinamacha saransh dete. leone vilyamsane yache nirikshan kele aanee aakruti 6 madhye udaharan dilyapramane, deta slicing navache deta-visualization tantra suchavale.
"swayam-prakashman upkaranansathi vital laghuganak grayscale ganana pradarshit chinhanmadhil prakash farkanchya drushya parinamanche praman nirdharit karate."heey drushyamanatechya umbarthyaitake lahan kinwa konatyahi atiprabal parimanatil samaan drishyaman farkanchi (aine. eae. pii. dii.) ganana karnyas saksham karate. aine. eae. pii. dii. chaa ekak aakar haah prakash badalasathi drushyamanatechya paripoorn threasholdchya teen kinwa chaar putt aahe. heey aine. eae. pii. dii. unit electronic displaychya vinamulya drushyasah "eka najaret fakt lakshat yete".
pandhya rangachi ganana chaar prakare asamanya aahe (grayscale sutranmadhye).
parshvabhoomichya prakashachya sandarbhat aine. eae. pii. dii. chey vyutpann (utaar) ishtatam parshvabhoomi prakash soochit karate. pandhya parshvabhoomicha vapar lahan chinhanchya supathyateshi sambandhit aitihasik karanansathi keela jaato. tathapi, yaa prakash shrenimadhye pratikanchi sankhya jastit jaast disana vegvegalya rakhadi rangchhatyanchi sankhya vadhavanyachya arthane, pandhari parshvabhoomi ishtatam asel ashee konatihi chinhacha aakar kinwa chinhachi-prakash shreni nahee. ishtatam parshvabhoomi mothya chinhanmadhye disana rakhadi rangchhatyanchi sankhya duppat karoo shakate. shoonyasah shrenisathi, ishtatam parshvabhoomi prakash nehmi chinh prakash shrenichya kamal 46 takkyanpeksha qamee asato."
virodhabhas (udaa.jee., pradarshit chinhe) tyanchya parshvabhumipeksha prakash farak aahe. nakaratmak virodhabhasasathi vipareet prakash parshvabhoomi prakashapeksha qamee asel aanee sakaratmak virodhabhasasathi vipareet prakash parshvabhoomi prakashapeksha jaast asel. vipareet prakashsambandhi aine. eae. pii. dii. chey vyutpann, vipareet drushyamanatechya threasholdcha andaj lavte (udaa.jee., digital pratimet banding talhanyasathi) chinh aanee parshvabhoomichya prakashachya konatyahi divasachya sanyogasathi. vipareet prakashsambandhi vital gananeche vyutpann, divasachya divasachya lakshya aanee parshvabhoomichya prakashsambandhichya serve sanyojanansathi, prakashatil farak kinwa badalambaddal manvi atiprabal sanvedanshilateche praman dekhil mojate. heey vyutpann digital pratima prakriyesathi aanee visheshtah histogram tapashilansathi german aahe, jeey vaidyakeey-pratima windoingla lagoo asalyache suchavate. vital ganana sakaratmak virodhabhas kitee tivratene darshavate, jyachya palikade konatyahi parshvabhoomichya viruddha prakashahin (kalya) parshvabhoomichya tulanet vipareet chamak (vadhatya vipareet prakashasah) vegane vadhate. qamee sakaratmak virodhabhas aanee nakaratmak virodhabhasansathi, chinhacha halkapana chinhachya parshvabhoomichya prakashavar avalambun asato (pandhya gananedware varnan kelelya aanee halkyapanachi sthirata mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya marganni). "mission-critical anuprayoganmadhye display luminance-contrast calibration aavashyak asel."
aakruti 7 madhye, pratyek parshvabhoomichya prakashasathi eka vegali aine. eae. pii. dii. vakrata aahe. pratyek vakrareshecha sarvat tivra bhag (pratee ekak chinh prakashat grayscalecha bahutek badal) haah tyanchya parshvabhoomichya prakashaitakech chinh prakashasathi asato. pratyek vakrareshecha aanakhi eka tulanene unch bhag agadi davikade aahe, jithe chinh prakash shoonyachya jawal aahe. nakaratmak aine. eae. pii. dii. heey nakaratmak virodhabhasanshi sambandhit aahe aanee sakaratmak aine. eae. pii. dii. heey sakaratmak virodhabhasanshi sambandhit aahe. vegvegalya parshvabhoomit asoonahi, tyanchya sambandhit parshvabhoomitun samaan aine. eae. pii. dii. asaleli chinhe rakhadi rangachi samaan chhata disatil. (aakruti 8 pahaa, jee vegvegalya parshvabhumivar disana grechya yaa julaniche spashtikaran dete.) vital gananechya laghuganak vakrates tarksangat aadhar aahe. aakruti 7 sathee madhyavarti parshvabhoomi prakash swatah vakranmadhye disana grayscale payanchi sankhya vadhavato, jyamule sambhavya parshvabhoomi prakash ishtatam hoto.
swayam-tejaswi upkaranansathi vital gananet, chinhachya avkashiy pramananshi sambandhit, keey haah eka mapdand asato. heey (keey) heey pratimechya viruddhateche (lakshya prakash vaja parshvabhoomi prakash) praman (0 aanee 100% darmyan) aahe jeey drushtipatal pratima bananyachya margavar netratantunchya vikhuranyane haravale aahe. "chinhacha koneey sookshmata qamee kelyane chinh aanee tyachi parshvabhoomi yanchyatil bhautik prakash farak nehmich qamee hoto (netrandarmyanchya vikhuranyamule), tyamule supathyata aanee suspashtata qamee hote" aanee keey vadhate. heey mapdand, keey, heey prakashshastriy tattvanvarun mojale jaau shakate, kaaran teey aakruti 7 madhye darshavilelya 10-aark-minit (keey = 0.2) optotype eechya rakhadi skelsathi hote. jevha koneey subtains (keey dware darshavilele) chinh qamee kele jaate, tevha ishtatam parshvabhoomi prakash dekhil qamee hoto. prayogikdrushtya padtallyapramane, vital ganana hii virodhabhasapasun door asalelya thalak vaishishtyandvare prabhavit hott nahee. grayscale swarupavar durastha thalak vaishishtyancha prabhav netrandarmyanchya vikhuranyamule hoto.
swa-chamakdar upkaranansathi vital gananesah mojata yenyajogi grayscale ghatana mhanje bhinn parshvabhoomi prakash asalelya greshi julanari aahe. yaulat, ganana parshvabhumichi chamak shodhanyasathi vaparali jaau shakate jee vishisht vipareet prakash julvel. gananenusar (aakruti 7 madhye pahile jaau shakate), "nakaratmak virodhabhas aanee sakaratmak virodhabhas yanchi julvajulav karane ashakya aahe; nakaratmak virodhabhas nehmich sakaratmak virodhabhasanpeksha gadad disatat."aakruti 8 madheel teen sakaratmak-vipareet dhaganna tyanchya sambandhit parshvabhoomi shatkonanpeksha jaast prakash asato; teen nakaratmak-vipareet dhaganna tyanchya parshvabhumipeksha qamee prakash asato.
vital gananenusar, "adhik chamakdar parshvabhoomisah gadad rakhadi rung sadhya karata yeto."mothya subtensasathi parinam adhik spasht hoto, parantu aakruti 7 chya khalchya davikade disu shakato jithe parshvabhoomicha prakash jaast asatana adhik nakaratmak aine. eae. pii. dii. prapt hote. aakruti 9 parinam darshavate; vital gananenusar, jevha tyachi parshvabhoomi adhik chamakdar asate tevha tyach shatakoni drushya lakshyakade gadad rakhadi (kalya rangasah) mhanoon pahile jaate.
chaloo sanshodhan aanee vikas.
deta visualization tantradnyanavar sanshodhan aanee vikas suru aahe. udaharanarth, rangbhedachi ganana sudharanyasathi sanshodhan aanee vikas suru aahe. audhyogik rung prakriyanvaril gunavatta niyantranasathi (udaa.jee.ann, rung, kapad, plastic, mudran aanee swayam-chamakdar pradarshane). threshold nishchit karnyasathi rung farkachi ganana sudharali gelyane, deta visualizationshy sambandhit superthresshold anuprayogansathi teey yogayogane changle jhaale aahet. aakruti 3 madheel sambandh pratham darshavilyapasun, done-ansh drushya sookshmata aanee lahan up-kalasathi vakrareshechya gudghyachya (ganana kelelya rung-farak) sthanache adhik achook nirdharan karnyat vyavharik swarasya aahe. sarvasamaveshakatesathi aanee visheshtah apangatva samavoon ghenyasathichya samanya samajik chintene, ranganchi kamatarata asalelya drushti asalelya lokansathi rung anuprayoganvaril sanshodhanala chalana dilee aahe. sanshodhanache eka chaitanyashil kshetra (udaharanarth bryan wandell aanee david brenard aanee see. eae. eae.) heey andaj lavnyasathiche sanganakeey pratirupan aahe (udaa.jee.rung) swaroop, jyamadhye netrantriy prakashshastra, drushtipatal shankuchya peshi pratisad, drushya sukshmateche parinam, drushti reshevaril vilakshanata, vatavaraniy prakashshastra, prakash spectrum, sandarbh aanee rung anukulan yasarkhya serve ghatakancha samavesh aahe. pradarshanache calibrate karnyachya paddhatinche sanshodhan kele jaate, udaharanarth, deta visualization programming karananya vyaktipasoon door asalelya pradarshanavar rung thalak karane aanee pradarshananvar adhik achookpane rung pradan karane. uchch gatishil shreni (etch. dii. aar.) pradarshan drushyikaranasathi sarvat yogya rung saksham karate; etch. dii. aar. heey sanshodhanache sakriy kshetra aahe. mendutil drushya marg aanee paripathanvar sanshodhan suru aahe; yapaiki kahee mahitee drushyikaran aanee aaklan yanchyashi sambandhit aahet. rung-pradarshan tantradnyan, sanganak aanee softwarechya malkichya vikasamule deta visualization dekhil sudharana hote. manavatesathi mahattvapoorn asalelya samasyanshi sanvad sadhanyasathi gair-shastradnyanna vastavik mahitisah kaam karnyas saksham karnyasathi 'drushyikaranasathi kalatmak rung-sanketan tantre lagoo karnyasathi sanshodhan kele jaate."