chhotya gatanche samajshastra

chhotya gatanche samajshastra heey samajshastrache eka upkshetra aahe jeey samajik sambandhanmule sambandhanmule krutee, parasparsanvad aanee samajik gatanchya prakarancha abhyas karate. samajik jeevanat, samaj haah eka motha samajik gut aahe jyamadhye anek upasamuh aahet. lahan gut mothya gatanmadhye asatat heey samajik gatanche vaishishtya aahe. chhotya gatanchya samajshastrat sookshm-samajik staravar samajanmadhye asalelya vividh lahan gatancha samavesh hoto.
vyakhya.
lahan gatanchya samajshastrachi vyakhya pratham french lekhak aanee samajshastradnya gabriel tarde yanni sadar kelee. lahan gut heey qamee sankhyene sadasyanche gut asatat jyanchyat tivra sanvad asato. chhotya gatanchya samajshastrachi vyakhya kshetra sanshodhan aanee samudayachya samajshastracha abhyas ashee dekhil kelee gelee aahe. aaa. paul sassa yanni samaan uddishte, vartanache nikash, bhoomika farak aanee aakarshanache jaale olakhane heey vyaktinchya samoohasathi gut vegale karane mhanoon olakhale. samajshastra siddhantat gut eka vastoo mhanoon disatat, heey siddhantanmadhye anoo "black boxes" mhanoon disatat.
kalkram.
pahilya mahayuddhanantar americet lahan gut samajshastracha pahila abhyas karnyat aala aanee vanshik gatanmadhil sambandh aanee itar gatambaddalchya tyanchya drushtikonavar laksh kendrit karnyat aale. yaa abhyasanmule licker scale aanee samajshastriy tantrancha vikas dekhil jhaala. americene vividh deshanmadhye bhedasavalelya vividh sanskratinshi sambandhit samudayanviruddha chhotya gatanchya samajshastrachya dnyanavar aanee samajik manasshastrachya aadhare mansik yuddh ranniti vikasit kelee aahe. johann galtung yanni 1966 madhye aantarrashtriy sambandhanvaril parishadet aaplya peparmadhye, lahan gatanche samajshastra aantarrashtriy sambandhanchya abhyasasathi upayukt aahe ashee kalpana mandali. visheshtah, galtungne nidarshanas aanoon dile qee keval 'moort' aantarrashtriy sambandhach navhe tarr 'amoort' aantarrashtriy sambandh dekhil lahan gatanchya samajshastrachya drushtine samajoon ghetale jaau shakatat.
chhote samooh.
theodor emm. giranyanni suchavale qee eka vyakti eka velee sarasari paach kinwa sahaa gatanchi aahe aanee sumare chaar kinwa paach abj lahan gut sthayik jhaale aahet. girnyanchya matey, ekhadi vyakti tyanche jaage honyache bahutansh taas eka gatashi kinwa kinwa gatashi sanvad sadhanyat ghalavate. giranyanni yaa gatanchi vyakhya kautumbik gut, mitra gut, vyavsayik bhagidar, club gut, sanghatana, mulincha club aanee samitya ashee kelee aahe. girnyanchya matey, mothya ekkancha bhag asalelya sanchalak mandalanchya tulanet yapaiki kahee gut/kutumbe tulanene vegali asanyachi hii tyanchi pahili vel nahee. giranya tyaa gatanchi vyakhya asha prakare karatat; bandhkam tolhee, shikar paksh, nagarpalika parishada, aupcharik nrutya sangh, bombfecki sangh aanee ethletics sangh.
nirikshan.
milsney lahan gatancha abhyas karnyache kaaran samajik manasshastra asey paribhashit kele. giranyanni asey spasht kele qee "samajik dabav aanee vyakticha dabav eka chhotya gatamadhye ekatra yet asalyane, yaa dabavanmadhil parasparsanvadache nirikshan karane aanee prayog karane haah eka soyicha sandarbh aahe. vaidnyanik sanshodhan vyakti samajik vastavanna kase hatalatat yabaddal samanya kayade karoo shakate.
prakriya.
lahan gut heey samajik nirbandhanchi amalbajavani karnyache sadhan asoo shakatat aanee nirbandhanna aavhan dile jaau shakate asey eka kshetra mhanoon dekhil kaam karoo shakatat. lahan gatanmadhye anekada eka murkhpanachi sanskruti, samayik arthancha sanch tasech vataghatichi sthitee asate aanee tee vikasit kelee jaate. samajachya apekshannusar bakshise aanee shiksha denyas gut saksham asatat.
gatatil gut nirnay ghenyavar parinam karoo shakatat. gatatil mothya gatanchya sadasyanvar prabhav padanyachi shakyata qamee asate aanee teey gatacha sadasya mhanoon olakhanyachi shakyata jaast asate. nirnay ghenyavar bahusankhyancha prabhav, nirnay ghenyavar avalambun asato. ekhadya karyache samayik sankalpanatmak pratinidhitva, gatala bahumat nirnay ghenyachya prakriyeche palan karanyachi shakyata qamee karoo shakate. samasya sodavanyachya kamanmadhye vyakti kinwa lahan gut adhik prabhav padnyas saksham asatat.
sangharsh.
gatanmadhil sangharsh heey karya, prakriya aanee natesambandhanche sangharsh rahile aahet. ekhadya kamacha aashay aanee parinamanvaril sangharshamule vegvegalya sadasyanchya kalpananche gambhir moolyankan karoon ekhadya kamachi samaj vadhate aanee sanghatil sadasyanna tyanche mutt vyakt karnyas madat hote asey manale jaate. karya sangharshamule vyakti sangharshacha arth tyanchya kshamata aanee kshamatebaddalachya nakaratmak dharana mhanoon lavu shakatat jyamule afava aanee tanav nirman hoto aanee kaame purn honyapasoon vichalit honyache kaam karoo shakatat. karya sangharsh aanee natesambandh sangharsh ekach velee jhalyas parinam adhik white hotat. sanshodhan asey suchavate qee thet-pudhe utpadan karye itar karyanpeksha sangharshatun qamee fayda karatat.
ekhade kaam purn karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya prakriyevareel sangharshache nakaratmak parinam houu shakatat, kaaran tyaa vyaktis tyanchya bhoomikebaddal bhoomikebaddal arthanmule. jevha vaparlya vaparlya prakriyeche vishleshan fayadeshir tharoo shakate tevha kamachya suruvatila prakriya sangharsh fayadeshir tharoo shakato.
sanshodhan.
gut vaishishtyancha nirnay ghenyavar kassa parinam hoto heey lahan gatanchya samajshastrachya prathamik sanshodhan swarsyanpaiki eka aahe. yaa prakarchya sanshodhanat viman karmchari, panbudi karmchari, nishedh aayojak, vyavsayik baithka aanee nirnayak mandal yasarkhya vividh prakarchya vastavik gatanvar laksh kendrit kele aahe. chhotya gatanmadhil sanshodhanachya sarvat satatyapurn nishkarshanpaiki eka mhanje gut sadasyanchi matey kalantarane aanakhi samaan hotat, hii prakriya 'nivad badal' mhanoon olakhali jaate. muzafar sherif yanni lahan gatanvaril sanshodhan nishkarshanche varnan kele qee "lahan gatanvaril sanshodhanachya sarvat susangat nishkarshanpaiki eka mhanje gut sadasyanchya matanchi kalantarane abhisaran (kinwa adhik samaan asane) karanyachi pravrutti." 
kshetracha abhyas.
sanskrutik manavvanshashastradnyanni vegvegalya paristhitinmadhye paristhitinmadhye gatanchi mahitee dilee. rajkiy shastradnyanni vidhimandal gut, dabav gut aanee gut sadasyatvacha matdanavar honara parinam yancha abhyas keela aahe. 1970 chya dashakat johnn thibot aanee harrold kelee yanni sangharshachya paristhitit lock aanee gatanchya vartanacha abhyas karnyasathi hitsambandhanchya sangharshachya kshetrat lahan gut samajshastracha vapar keela. 

