jaal-pruthvi anudan

jalchar parisansthanmadhun milanari urja, poshak tatve aanee dooshit padarth aanee sthaliy parisansthanmadhye hastantarit tayar padarthanna jalchar-sthaliy anudan kinwa adhik sopya shabdat, jalchar anudan mhanatat. jalchar anudananchya samanya udaharananmadhye asey jeev samavisht aahet jeey adhivas seema olandun jaatat aanee tyanchi poshakdravye jamaa karatat kaaran teey sthaliy adhivasanmadhye vighatit hotat kinwa kolee, sarade, pakshi aanee vatvaghale yasarkhya sthaliy shikarindware khalle jaatat. pankhanche praudh mhanoon udayas yenyapurvi aanee sthaliy adhivasankade jaanyapurvi pravah aanee talavanmadhye vikasit honare jalchar keetak jalvishayak anudanat yogdan detat. jaminivaril shikari pranyanni jalchar parisansthetun kadhoon takalele maase heey aanakhi eka mahattvache udaharan aahe. yaulat, sthaliy parisansthekadun jaal parisansthekade urja aanee poshak tattvancha pravah haah sthaliy anudan manla jaato; jaal anudan aanee sthaliy anudan heey donhi seemapar anudananche prakar aahet. urja aanee poshakdravye parisansthechya baheroon midavali jaatat jithe shevati tyancha vapar keela jaato.
allocthonus heey heey parisansthetun milanari sansadhane aanee urjeche varnan karate; jaal-sthaliy anudan hii allocthonus sansadhananchi udaharane aahet. sthanik parisansthetil vanaspati kinwa shaivaladvare svayanchalit sansadhane tayar kelee jaatat, jaleey-sthaliy anudanasah vividh sansadhane, shikarichya loksankhyela anudan deu shakatat aanee shikarichya loksankhyevar shikariche parinam vadhavu shakatat, kahivela poshak poshak suruvat karatat. svayanchalit aanee mishra sansadhananchi poshan gunavatta, jaree tee sahaj upalabdh asali tarihi, prani aanee itar grahakandware tyanchya vaparavar parinam karate.
sansadhan anudan.
poshak tatvanchya, padarthanchya kinwa jivanchya swarupat sansadhan anudan, pranyanchya kinwa itar grahakanchya adhivasanchya seema olandun aavashyak sansadhananchya halchalinche varnan karate. sansadhananchi hii guntavanuk vaiyaktik vaadh, prajatinchi vipulata aanee vividhata, samudayik rachana, duyyam utpadakta aanee annajal gatishilatevar prabhav takoo shakate. allocthonus sansadhananchi vyakhya parisansthechya baher ugam pavnari mhanoon kelee jaate, tarr autocthonus sansadhane parisansthemadhye midavali jaatat. udaharanarth, eka pravahat padnare paan heey eka mishra sansadhan asel.
sansadhan anudan heey praptakartyachya grahakachya utpadaktes purak asate, parantu grahakacha sansadhananchya utpadaktevar farsa parinam hott nahee. parinami, sansadhan anudananche varnan 'daata-niyantrit' asey kele jaate. anudanacha pravah darr haah praptakartyachya adhivasatil utpadakatepeksha swatantra asato. jaal-pruthvi sansadhan anudan anekada jordar hangami asatat. jaleey kitkancha uday samanyatah ubdar hangamat sarvadhik asato, tarr jaminivaril paaney jaleey adhivasat padane heey samshitoshna jaivakshetratil sharad rutushi sambandhit asate. yaa sansadhan-anudanit daali shikari aanee itar grahak kase vapartat aanee praptakartyanchya adhivasatil shikari-shikarichya gatishilatevar tayar parinamansathi tyanchi vel mahattvachi aahe. kahee prakarananmadhye, anudan praptakartyanchya adhivasatil shikari-shikarichi gatishilata asthir karoo shakate. udaharanarth, shaivalanchi phule kitakanchi utpadakta aanee uday vadhavu shakatat, parinami jaminivaril shikarichi sankhya vadhu shakate.
sansadhan anudan pravahacha darr haah ecotonechya pargamyatedvare madhyasthi keela jaato aanee bhautik aanee jaivik ghatkandware sudharit keela jaato. datyanchya adhivasatil prajatinche parasparsanvad aanee havamanatil parivartansheelata yaa donhimule adhivasatil sansadhananchya pravahanche praman badaloo shakate. sansadhananchya oghala praptakartyachya grahakancha pratisad praptakartyachya adhivasatil paristhitivar avalambun asato; jevha praptakartyachya adhivasamadhye itar sansadhane durmil asatat tevha parinam sarvat jaast asatat. sthaliy aanee pravah vatavaranatil pravah heey sarvottam abhyas kelelya seemapar anudananpaiki eka aahet.
jaal anudan.
jaal anudan mhanje urja kinwa poshak tatve jee jalchar vatavaranatun sthaliy vatavaranat hastantarit kelee jaatat. heey jaal anudan sthanik aanee hangami paddhatine badaltat. anudan parisansthechi karye aanee prajatinmadhil parasparsanvadanna aadhar dete.
salmonsarkhe sagari anadromous maase godya panyala aanee nantar jaminivaril parisansthanna undy aanee mrutdehadvare anudan detat. hii sagari-vyutpann poshakdravye pravahatil aanee jaminivaril vividh prajatinna sansadhane puravatat. salmon khanari sthaliy prajati mhanje naditil jalchar prani, mink, takkal asalele garud aanee aswal. stonefly, cadisfly aanee midges yasarkhe pravah aksheruki prani dekhil salmonpasoon urja aanee poshakdravye midavatat aanee tyaa badalyat, pakshi aanee vatvaghale yasarkhya sthaliy prajatinna ann puravatat. yaa jalvishayak anudanache ekmev labharthi prani naheet, tarr nadipatratil vanaspati tyanchya nitrogenpaiki 26 takkyanparyant salmonmadhun midvu shakatat.
poshak tatvanchi aanee urjechi pravahatoon aaspaschya nadipatriy kshetrakade aanee tyapalikadechya sthaliy vatavaranakade bajuchi halchal ann jaalyanmadhye mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate. pravahacha puur aanee jivanchi halchal heey donhi poshak aanee urja srot jaminivaril vatavaranat hastantarit karnyasathi karya karatat. uchch pravahatoon vahoon aalele shaiwal aanee sookshm sendriya padarth shakahari prajatinna sansadhane puravatat aanee vanaspatinchya ankuranala chalana detat. madtishivay teey pravahapasun kitee door jaatat yavar yaa bajukadil halchali maryadit aahet, parantu sthaliy prajati yaa anudanane pravas karnare antar vadhavu shakatat. udaharanarth, pravahanmadhun praudh jalchar kitkancha uday haah jaal anudananchya sarvat vegalya aanee changlya abhyasit prakaranpaiki eka aahe. teey kolee, vatvaghale, pakshi aanee sarade yasarkhya nadipatratil prajatinna urja kinwa carboncha 25-100% puravatha karatat. jaleey kitkancha uday samanyatah samshitoshna kshetranchya unhalyat shikharavar asato, jyamule shikari prani nadikath aanee pravahachya simanvar ekatra yeuun chaara ghetat. yaa prajati samanyatah panyachya kathajaval khatat parantu nantar jevha teey itaratra pravas karnyasathi nighatat, tevha tyanche mull itar vatavaranat poshak tatvanchi bharr ghalate. jaleey anudan aanakhi antardeshiy dishene dishene sthaliy prajatiche aanakhi eka udaharan mhanje tapkiri aswal. tapkiri aswal mothya pramanat salmanche sevan karatat, tyamule tyanna keystone prajati manale jaate. kenai dweepkalpavaril (alaska, america) pravahapasun 500 meetarparyantchya meetarparyantchya spruce zadanmadhye zadanmadhye 84 takke nitrogenche vitaran tapkiri aswal jalchar anudananshi sanvad sadhun karatat asey disun aale aahe.
jalvishayak anudananche paryavaraniy mahatva.
jaree sthaliy vatavaranapasun teey jalchar paryavaranachya (sthaliy anudan) mahiticha vyapak abhyas keela gela asala, taree sthaliy paryavaranasathichya jalchar samagricha (jaal anudan) itka vyapak abhyas jhalela nahee. matra, jalvishayak anudan heey jaminivaril bhupradeshat atyant mahattvache asoo shakate aanee samanyatah uchch poshan gunvatteche asatat kaaran teey vanaspati-aadharit kinwa hanikarak strotanaivaji pranyanpasun yetat. kahee parisansthanmadhil nadipatratil shikari pranyansathi heey jalchar anudan jaminivaril shikarapeksha adhik mahattvache asoo shakatat.
tathapi, jalvishayak anudan heey sthaliy ann jaalyansathi paryavaraniy pradushakanche mahattvache srot mhanoon dekhil adhikadhik olakhale jaat aahet. jalchar prani tyanchya uutinmadhye aanee bahyapeshimadhye (jase qee dhatoo aanee polychlorinated biphenyl) pradushak jamaa karoo shakatat aanee teey baher padatach kinwa jevha teey sthaliy shikarindware khalle jaatat tevha tyanna nadipar aanee sthaliy pranalinmadhye halavoo shakatat.
jaleey anudan manavvanshjanya tanakanna jaleey teey sthaliy parisansthanparyant prasar karnyacha marg pradan karat asatana, jaagtik badalanmule tyanchyavarach parinam hott aahe. jaagtik tapmanwadh aanee adhivasatil badal heey udayonmukh jalchar kitkanchya shariravidnyan aanee phenology tasech paanee aanee jameen yanchyatil bhautik seema yaa donhimadhye badal karatat, jyamule tyanchya prasaranavar parinam hoto. samshitoshna pradeshanmadhye, vadhatya tapmanamule jalchar kitakanchi vaadh aanee uday darr vadhato, tarr ushnakatibandhiy pradeshanmadhye jalchar kitkanchya udayache praman qamee hote. 
jaminivaril anudan.
jaminivaril anudan heey jaminivaril prathamik utpadan aahe jeey kachara padane kinwa virghalalele sendriya padarth mhanoon jaleey parisansthanmadhye hastantarit kele jaate.
jalchar vatavaranatil sthaliy anudan kinwa mishra input heey jalchar pranalinsathi sendriya carbon andajpatrakacha eka pramukh ghatak aahet. anek parisansthanmadhye carbonche svayanchalit utpadan ann jaalyala aadhar denyasathi purese nahee aanee sukshmajiv duyyam utpadan rakhanyasathi mishradhatunvar avalambun asatat. jalchar parisanstha samanyatah vishamprabhavi asatat; shwasan utpadanapeksha jaast asate, jeey soochit karate qee ann jaalyala bahya aadhar aahe. jaminivaril strotanmadhun jalchar parisansthet pravesh karnara carbon haah jivanu aanee burshi yasarkhya sukshmajivandvare ghetala jaato, jeey nantar uchch poshak patalidvare sevan kele jaatat, sendriya carbonchya yaa sukshmajiv hastantaranane talav aanee pravahanmadhil ann jaalyanna aadhar dilyache disun aale aahe.
jalchar parisansthanmadhye sendriya carbonche aadaan anek swarupat yete. done mukhya rupe mhanje virghalalela sendriya carbon (dock) kinwa kanyukt sendriya carbon (poc). kanyukt sendriya karbanmadhye jivanu, phytoplankton, zooplankton yasarkhe jiwant jeev tasech apchayi ghatak samavisht asatat. virghalalela sendriya carbon haah sendriya carbon aahe joou tutala aahe, nilambit aahe aanee panyat virghalanara manla jaato. vighatit sendriya carbon heey jaleey paristhitinmadhye vishamprabhavi utpadanala uttejan dete asey disun aale aahe aanee vishamprabhavi jivanu tyanchya vadhis aadhar denyasathi vighatit sendriya carboncha vapar karoo shakatat. kanyukt sendriya carbon heterotrophic utpadanala dekhil uttejit karate jeey vighatanadvare jivanu kinwa itar sukshmajivanna aanee itar grahakanna thet vaparadvare upalabdh hote.
kolee, survant aanee mungya yasarkhe sthaliy aprushthavanshi prani dekhil jalchar parisansthanna sthaliy anudanacha eka mahattvacha prakar aahet.
pravahit-aahar denare maase tyanchya varshik urja kharchachya nimmya bhagasathi jaminivar jaminivar aprushthavanshi pranyanvar avalambun rahoo shakatat. sthaliy aprushthavanshi pranyanchya pravahatil farak hawaman, vel-varshik aanee dainandin-aanee nadipatrachya vastukalevar avalambun asato. samanyatah unhala aanee lavkar lavkar sharad rutushi sambandhit ushna aanee adhik damat tapmanamule adhik aksheruki kriyakalap sulabh hotat aanee tyamule mothya pramanat anudan milate, tarr olsar hangamamule sthaliy aksheruki pranyancha pravah qamee hoto. darroj, dupar aanee sandhyakali sthaliy aprushthavanshi pranyanche praman sarvadhik asate. shevati, bund chhatra asalelya panzadi vanaspatinni banalele nadikathche kshetra, sthaliy aksherukanchya adhik puravathyamule, itar vanaspatinchya prakaranchya tulanet mashanchi uchch ghanata aanee vividhatela aadhar deu shakate.
jaminivaril panancha kachara, lakudatil sakhare aanee paragkananche sathavan heey sendriya padarthanche mahattvache srot aahet jeey benthic aksheruki utpadakta vadhavtat. visheshtah, heey sthaliy anudan hanikarak prani aanee kapani kapani aanee tyanchya loksankhyechya aakaravar niyantran thevanyasathi mahattvapoorn aahet. sendriya padarthanchya purvathyatil badalanna benthic aksheruki samuday vegane pratisad detat; detat; sathyachya anupasthitimule eka prayogik samshitoshna pravah pranalimadhye utpadakta aanee shikarimadhye mothee ghat jhaali. shivay, sendriya padarthanchi tartud utpadakta vadhavu shakate aanee pravahanmadhye hypoxic paristhiti nirman karoo shakate; tathapi, panyachi uchch uladhal aanee qamee nivas vel lakshat gheta heey samanyatah asamanya aahe. maaraa nadichya nadichya, matra, sendriya padarthanche lakshaniy darr aanee hippopotamidware poshak dravyanchya bharavamule hippo talavanmadhye anudanacha bhaar vadhato, varshatoon andaje teen vela anoxic paristhitila uttejan milate aanee anek maase marnyachya ghatana ghadatat.
jaal-pruthvi anudan mhanoon dooshit padarth.
jaleey vatavaranat udbhavnare jaleey-sthaliy dooshit anudan parisansthechya seema olandun, pramukhyane jivandware madhyasthi karoon, vahoon nele jaau shakate. dooshit padarthanchya sankramanache nakaratmak paryavaraniy parinam houu shakatat, jeey ann sakhali vadhavtat, jyat pakshyanche gharate bandhanyache yash qamee hone, nadipatratil ann jaalyanmadhye vyatyay yene aanee anyatha pracheen vatavaran dooshit hone yancha samavesh aahe. jevha sthaliy pranalimadhye tyaa dooshit padarthanche atirikt srot nasatat tevha jalchar-sthaliy dooshit padarth hastantaranachi yantrana visheshtah prabhavi tharoo shakate.
dooshit padarthanchya anudanache prakar.
manvi kriyakalapandware jaanunbujun kinwa aanushangikpane sodalyamule vividh sendriya sanyuge, sookshm ghatak, dhatoo, shaiwal vishari padarth, kitakanashake aanee aushadhanirman kachara utpadane dooshit anudan mhanoon kaam karoo shakatat. jalmarganmadhye bharalyanantar, jalchar ann jaalyat jamaa honare dooshit padarth jivanchya vaparachya madhyamatoon sthaliy vatavaranat parat yeu shakatat.
pranyanmadhun halchalinche marg.
poshak patali aanee jaal-pruthvi parisansthechya simanvar dooshit padarthanchya anudanachya vahatukisathi jeev vahak mhanoon kaam karatat. jaal-pruthvivaril anudananche bhavitavya samajoon ghene heey pruthvivaril grahakanvar tyanchya parinamacha andaj lavnyasathi mahattvache aahe.
aksheruki prani.
jalchar aksheruki prani panyachya stambhadvare, prushthbhagavar charoon aanee dooshit galatoon paryavaranat aanalele dooshit padarth swikartat. yaa dooshit padarthanche tyanchya jaivarasayanik gunadharmannusar anek bhavishya asoo shakate. eka, dhatoo aanee polycyclic sugandhit hydrocarbons (paih) sarkhya dooshit padarthanna pradhanyane rupantaradarmyan bahyapeshimadhye takale jaate aanee nantar jaleey vatavaranat punarvapar keela jaato. done, jalchar kinwa alyanchya tappyanmadhye khalle jaanare sthool-aksheruki prani tyanche dooshit padarthanche oze mashansarkhya uchch jalchar poshak patalyanvar hastantarit karatat aanee teey dooshit padarth jalchar vatavaranadvare rakhoon thewale jaatat. anyatha rupantaradarmyan vahanare dooshit padarth mhanoon alya avasthetil kitkanchya jalchar shikaridvare sweekarle jaanyachi shakyata jaast asate. teen, alya jaleey sthool-aksheruki prani tyanchya praudh swarupat yashasvi rupantaranantar dooshit padarthanche anudan thet sthaliy vatavaranat hastantarit karoo shakatat. visheshtah, polychlorinated biphenyl (pii. see. bii. ess.) sarkhe manavnirmit sendriya dooshit padarth praudhanmadhye kendrit houu shakatat. jaleey kitkanchya praudh jivanachya tappyanchi shikar kartana sendriya dooshit padarthanchya grahanasathi shikaricha dhoka jaast asato aanee pakshyansarkhya sthaliy shikaridvare praudh jaleey kitakanche sevan honyachi shakyata jaast asate. bhoo-shikari aksheruki pranyanna dekhil dooshit vahatukiche vahak mhanoon olakhale gele aahe. visheshtah, nadipatratil kolee, jalchar shikaratoon udbhavnare methylmercurisarkhe dooshit padarth jaminivaril vatavaranat halavatat asey disun aale aahe.
maase.
anek mashanchya prajati macroenvertebrate shikar karatat, jyanni dooshit padarth ghetale asateel, tyamule dooshit padarthanchya vahatukisathi maase hii eka mahattvachi madhyam poshan patali aahe. tyanantarchya kalat, jaminivaril shikari pranyandvare jalchar vatavaranatun maase khane haah jalchar-pruthvivaril anudanasathi eka mahattvapoorn halchal marg aahe.
salmonsarkhe anadromous sthalantarit maase, dooshit padarth durvar aanee jalchar parisansthechya seema olandun vahoon netat. asvalansarkhya sthaliy shikari pranyandvare salmonche sevan, jevha salmon ugavanyasathi godya panyachya parisansthankade parat yete, tevha jaleey ann jaalyane dooshit padarthanchya grahan kshetrapasun door asalelya sthaliy pranalinna sagari-vyutpann dooshit padarth anudan hastantarit karate. aswal sevan karatat asha sagari-vyutpann dooshit padarthancha salmon haah sarvat motha aahar srot asoo shakato. salmonpasoon tayar jhalele dooshit padarth praptakartyachya jalchar parisansthanmadhye dekhil pathavale jaatat jithe salmon ugavate aanee/kinwa marate. dooshit padarth heey matrutvachya velee andyanmadhye hastantarit kele jaau shakatat kinwa tyanantarchya poshanvishayak hastantaranasathi uchch poshanvishayak staravar jalchar annachya aadharavar punarvapar keela jaau shakato. heey dooshit padarth asalelya pranyancha bhuchar shikari pranindware vapar haah mothya avkashiy pramananmadhye jalchar-bhujal anudan hastantaranacha aanakhi eka marg aahe.
pakshi.
maase khanare pakshi anek jalchar khadya jaalyanmadhye sarvat uchch poshan staravar aahet. parinami, pakshi anekada jaal pradushakanchya anudanache aanee jaal pradushakanche sthaliy vatavaranat parivahan karnare praptakarte asatat. jalchar vatavaranat upasthit asalelya dooshit pranyanchi shikari pakshyanmadhye lakshaniy pataliparyant jaiv vadhanyachi pravrutti heey pakshyambaddal khoop sanshodhanache kshetra aahe. 1960 chya dashakat yuu. ess. madhye shikari pakshyanmadhye dii. dii. tii. jaiv-vadhimule yaa ghataneche udaharan dile gele, jyamule anek pakshyanchi sankhya kosalali.
sthalantarit pakshyanmadhye mashanpramanech mothya antaravarun dooshit padarthanchi vahtook karanyachi kshamata aahe. arctic sthalantarit pakshyansathi heey vishesh chinteche tharoo shakate, kaaran tyanchyat dooshit padarth maryadit dooshit padarthansah vatavaranat vahoon nenyachi kshamata asate. pakshi gwanodware dooshit padarthancha jalchar vatavaranat punarvapar dekhil karoo shakatat.
dooshit padarthanchya anudanache paryavaraniy parinam.
jaminivaril shikari pranyanvar dooshit anudananche parinam.
masha aanee itar rupantarit kitkansathi, seey, pii. see. bii., dhatoo, krutrim nanoparticles aanee itar dooshit padarthanche uchch oze shareer aanee punarutpadak tandurusti qamee karoo shakate, jyamule alyanche rupantar qamee houu shakate aanee jaminivaril praudh mhanoon panyachya stambhatoon baher padoo shakate. jevha dooshit padarthanchya samparkat yenyane rupantar kinwa udayavar parinam hott nahee, tevha udayonmukh kitkanmadhye pradushakanchi uchch sandrata asoo shakate jee sthaliy ann jaalyasathi sahajpane jaivupalabdha asatat. yaa dooshit shikar vastoonchya sevanane kolee, ubhaychar, sarpatanare prani, sastan prani aanee pakshi yasarkhya sthaliy shikari pranyanmadhye gambhir uutakiy, parisancharan, pachak aanee punarutpadak samasya udbhavu shakatat. kahee shikari pranyanna jaganyasathi sharirachya vastumanachya pramanat mothya sankhyene keetak khane aavashyak asalyane dooshit jaiv sanchayanacha dhoka vadhato, jyamule vikasatmak vikrutee aanee mrutyuchi shakyata vadhate. yamule dooshit jalchar keetak aanee sandhipad aanee maase yasarkhya tyanchya prathamik grahakancha vapar vapar uchch poshak patalidvare pii. see. bii. ess., selenium aanee paaraa yasarkhya sendriya aanee ghatak anudananche jaiv-vardhan dekhil houu shakate. shikaramadhye dooshit padarthanchi patali itaki jaast kendrit asoo shakate qee, udaharanarth, lahan-shareer asalelya songbird pillanna uchch patalichya pii. see. bii. asalelya ekach koleela (prati abj 6,000 bhaganpeksha qamee) khallyane pratikool sharirik parinam anubhavata yetat.
parisansthevar honare vyapak parinam.
jalchar kitkanchya sankhyeche ekkendrit pradushan jalchar aanee sthaliy parisansthanchya paryavaraniy aarogyamadhye ghat ghadavun aanoo shakate. dooshit kitkancha vapar ektar dooshit marg poshak pataliparyant chaloo thevato kinwa utsarjanamule anudan parat galat yete, jeey jalchar vatavaranatil dooshit padarthanche eka pramukh budane aahe. lotic pranalindware anudananchi vahtook aanee aanee kitkanchya uday paddhatimule, sandushan srot sandushan aanee prabhavit adhivasanchya strotapasun kahee antaravar asoo shakato. yashivay, itar pranyanchya tulanet kitkancha prachand jaivbhar aanee eka jalashayachya sendriya pradushakanche pruthakkaran yamule anek vegvegalya sthaliy parisansthanmadhye mothya pramanat dooshit padarthanchi niryat houu shakate. ekach khaditoon, assa andaj vartavanyat aala hota qee udayonmukh keetak darvarshi sumare 6 gramm pii. see. bii. ess. jaminila niryat karatat, jeey sampoorn panlot kshetrat 50,000 sthalantarit salmondware niryat kelelya rakmechya barobariche aahe. tyanantar, shikarichya abhavamule kinwa dooshit padarthanchya anudanachya vaparamule bharatimadhye ghat jhalyamule maase aanee jalchar aanee vanaspatijanya pakshyanche sthanik vilupta hone houu shakate. jaivbhar qamee hone aanee anudanache marg qamee jhalyamule jalchar aanee jaminivaril ann jaalyanchi guntagunt bighadte. adhivasatil jaivavividhata qamee hott asatana, pudhil pradushan aanee ann jaalyachi punarrachana karnyasathi tyachi paryavaraniy lavchikta dekhil qamee hote.
jaal-pruthvivaril sambandhanche mapan karane.
sthaliy aanee jalchar khadya jaalya kasha jodalelya aahet yache moolyankan karnyasathi sanshodhak anek sadhanancha vapar karatat. sthir samasthanikancha, visheshtah carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen aanee oxygencha vapar, grahak konati sansadhane khaat aahet heey nirdharit karnyasathi keela jaau shakato. charbiyukt aamlansarkhi itar sanyuge dekhil jalchar aanee sthaliy parisansthanmadhil ann jaalyache sambandh shodhanyasathi vaparali jaau shakatat.
sthir carbon samasthanik gunottar (carbon 13 13 aanee carbon 12 12 chey gunottar), hii jalchar parisansthansathi urja aadaan aanee srot mojanyasathi vaparlya jaanarya sarvat samanya paddhatinpaiki eka aahe aanee nadipatriy kshetranmadhye jalsrotanchya pravahacha magova ghenyasathi vaparali jaau shakate. carbon sthir samasthanik gunottaranmadhye naisargikaritya udbhavnare badal anekada sthaliy vanaspati kinwa jalchar shaivalanchya prakashsanshleshanadvare tayar tayar sendriya padarthanmadhye farak karoo shakatat. adhik achook parantu adhik mahagadi paddhat mhanoon carbon 13 13 aanee carbon 12 12 chya atyant gunottarasah label kelele carbonche eka swaroop jodane aavashyak aahe jeey naisargikaritya hott nahee aanee jyacha vapar parisanstha aanee ann jaalyamadhun jodalelya carbonchya halchalicha magova ghenyasathi keela jaau shakato. tracer carbonla pranalitoon jaanyasathi vel midalyanantar, paanee, shaiwal, jivanu aanee itar jivanche namune gola kele jaatat aanee tyanchya uutinmadhil carbon 13 13 teey carbon 12 12 chey praman nishchit kele jaate. tyanantar konatya jivanni tracer carbon ghetala aahe aanee kitee ghetala aahe yacha magova gheuun ann jaale kadhale jaau shakate. valalelya sendriya namunyanmadhun isotope gunottar vastuman spectrometer vaparoon sthir isotope gunottar mojale jaatat.
naisargikaritya naisargikaritya sthir carbon samasthanik gunottaranmadhye kadhikadhi sthaliy vanaspati aanee shaiwal yanchyat parasparsambandh asato, jyamule jalchar-sthaliy anudan olakhanyasathi tyancha vapar guntagunticha hoto. jevha carbon samasthanik gunottar adhorekhit hotat tevha sthaliy aanee jalchar prathamik utpadan vegale karnyasathi hydrogenche sthir samasthanik gunottar (deuterium aanee hydrogenche gunottar) vaparale jaau shakate. tathapi, jalchar jivanchya sthir hydrogen samasthanik gunottaravar jalchar vatavaranatil panyachya renunmadhye upasthit asalelya samasthanik gunottaratil badalancha dekhil prabhav padoo shakato. nitrogenche sthir samasthanik gunottar visheshtah nadipatra aanee sthaliy vatavaranat anadromous mashansarkhya sagari-vyutpann sansadhananchya pravahacha shodh ghenyasathi upayukt aahet.
dooshit padarthanche anudan aanee parinam mojane.
dnyat dushitatechya thikananchya kinwa rasayanik kachara kachara shahari kendranchya kinwa karkhanyanchya jawalil panyachya gunavattechi chachani karoon jaal-pruthvivaril dooshit anudananchi halchal pratham mojali jaau shakate. yamule shastradnyanna heey tharavata yete qee jalchar adhivasanmadhye dooshit padarth kuthe jaast pramanat kendrit aahet. pudhe, dooshit padarthanchya bharasathi aanee loksankhyetil konatyahi badalanche pratirupan karnyasathi jalchar kitakanna anekada gola kele jaate aanee tyanche vishleshan kele jaate. panyachya gunavattecha andaj lavnyasathi samanyatah jalchar kitkancha abhyas keela jaato kaaran anek prajati pradushanasathi atyant sanvedanshil asatat, parinami dooshit jalsrotanmadhye samudayik rachnet badal hotat. shevati, dooshit shikar karoon dooshit padarth poshak pataliparyant jaat aahet qee nahee aanee tyache shikari pranyanvar kaay nakaratmak parinam houu shakatat heey nirdharit karnyasathi sanshodhak shikari pranyanpasun hystological, rakt, aatade, pankh aanee andyanchya namunyancha abhyas karatat.

