
nikolo ricardi

nikolo ricardi (genoa, 1585 yethe janm; rome yethe 30 meey 1639 roji nidhan jhaale) haah eka italian dominican dharamshastradnya, lekhak aanee upadeshak hota, joou aaj mukhytah galileo prakaranatil tyachya bhoomikesathi olakhala jaato.
jeevan.
sharirikdrushtya too aprapt hota, parantu tyachya palakanni tyala protsahan dile, jyanni tyala valadolid vidyapithat tomas dii lemos (1545-1629) saha abhyas karnyasathi pathavale. tyane dominican kramvarit pravesh keela aanee sentchya conventmadhye tyachi savay lavali gelee. paul, jithe tyanni tatvadnyan aanee dharamshastracha abhyas keela. shikshan purn kelyanantar tyanna pincia yethe thomistic theologyche pradhyapak karnyat aale. aapali shaikshanik kartavye paar padatana, tyane eka upadeshak mhanoon pratishtha midavalih spainchya phillip tisra yane tyala 'padrey mostro' ('chamatkarik-pujari' kinwa 'rakshas-pujari') asey naav dile, jyachya navane too nantar spain aanee rommadhye olakhala gela. heey tyachya vilakshan shikshan aanee sanskratimule hote qee tyachya laththapanamule heey nishchit nahee.
1621 pasoon rommadhye, tyane pope urban VIII chaa vishvas midavala. tyanna seent collegemadhye abhyasache pratinidhi aanee dharamshastrache pradhyapak karnyat aale. thomas, seent thomas equinasche bhavishyatil pontifical vidyapith, "angelicum". 13 janewari 1622 roji tyanna nirdeshank mandalache sallagar mhanoonahi niyukt karnyat aale.
pope urban VIII chya netrutvakhali, sanskraticha manus mhanoon rikardichi pratishtha vadhatach gelee. tyane anukrame 1625 aanee 1626 madhye ekedemiya deagly umoristy aanee jiovanni andrea rovetti aanee marcello geovenetti yaa donhi upkramanmadhye bhag ghetala aanee tyala sonnetche sangrah samarpit kele. tyachya sahityik karye tyachya charchchya jababdanyanshi lakshaniyaritya guntaleli hotee; 1622 madhye too sensorship paas karnyasathi tommaso stiglianichya 'canzoniero' madhye sudharana karnyacha prabhari hota aanee 1626 madhye tyala giambatista marinochya 'edon' chya sudharananvar dekhrekh thevanyasathi nivadanyat aale, jeey ekedemiya degli umoristy prakashit karoo ichchit hote. mudranasathi hii sensor keleli aavrutti nakarlyanantar, tyane 1628 aanee 1629 madhye roberto ubaldinichya sahkaryane aanakhi sudharit aavruttivar kaam kele, parantu heey kaam bahudha kadhihi purn jhaale nahee.
virginio sezarini tyachya aanee galileo yanchyat baithakichi vyavastha karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu jaree tyane 1623 madhye prakashanasathi 'ill saggiyator' laa utsahane samarthan dile asale taree too keval meey 1624 madhye prathamach galileola bhetala. tyanantar donhi purushanni patravyavahar keela-jaree ekmekanna lihilelya tyanchya patrancha thet magova shillak nasla taree, galileeochya marrio guiduchi aanee geovanni faber yanna lihilelya patranmadhye, tyanna uttar denyasathi rickardila vicharanyachi vinanti samavisht aahe.
1629 madhye shahari VIII neey alikadech dominicancha master general mhanoon nivadoon aalelya nikolo ridolfichya jaagi tyala pavitra rajvadyacha malak mhanoon niyukt kele. yanantar lagechach tyach mathadhishanni tyala mathadhish upadeshak mhanoon niyukt kele. yaa padonnatinantar tyanni dharmik aanee aitihasik babinvar laksh kendrit karnyasathi aaplya sahityik ruchicha tyag keela. tyanni trent parishadechya tyanchya itihasasathi sanshodhan suru kele, jyapaiki aaj fakt eka saransh aanee kahee nondi shillak aahet. 1629 teey 1631 darmyan tyane sankshipt sudharana karnyasathi mandalit sahbhagi honyacha vichar keela. 1635 madhye too navyane sthapan jhalelya ekedemiya basilianamadhye sameel jhaala, jyane greek charchashi sambandh shodhale aanee melkite greek catholic charchsathi sudharit grunth jaaree karananya mandalachya super correction yukologi greekorammadhye sameel jhaala. 1638 madhye too pavitra shastranchya arabi bhashetil adhikrut aavrutticha masuda tayar karnyachya aaropakhali asalelya mandalit sameel jhaala.
tomaso campanelashi vaad.
jyaa lekhakanchya kamachi charchane adhikrutpane prakashanapurvi tyanna durusti karavi lagali hotee, tyaa lekhakanshi rikardine samanyatah sauhardpurn sambandh thewale; apavad sahkari-dominican tomamo campanelashi hota. campanela haah spashtavakta, paramparagat vishvas asalela manus hota; chaukashicha nishedh keela, tyala 1594 madhye padua yethe atak karnyat aalee aanee rommadhil pavitra karyalayasamor tyacha ullekh karnyat aala, too 1597 paryant eka mathat bandist hota. too lavkarach punha turungat hota, yaveli naplescha raja phillip chautha yachya virodhat bandkhori kelyabaddal, jithe too pope urban VIII chya vaiyaktik madhyasthiparyant sattavis varshe rahila. 1626 madhye tyala rome yethe aananyat aale, jithe too jyotishshastravar shahari VIII chaa sallagar banala.
rickardy pahilyanda 1621 madhye campanelachya karyachya samparkat aala, jevha tyala itar anek sallagaransah, "nastik vijay" tapasanyasathi bolavanyat aale. heey kaam ughadpane campanellachya tarkvadapasun pramanik khrishchan shraddheparyantchya vaiyaktik pravasache varnan hote, parantu charchane nastikatesathi tyanni mandalele yuktivad-tyapurvi tyanche khandan-jordar munn valavanare manale. tyamule charchala bheeti vatali qee yaa karyane kharetar pakhandala protsahan dile, tarr rudhivadasathi yuktivad kelyache disate. chhapanyachi parvanagi nakarnyat aalee.
anek varshannantar jevha campanela rommadhye aala, tevha tyane teey kaam chhapanyacha prayatna punha suru keela. hastalikhitanche punaravalokan karnyasathi rickardila punha ekada itaransobat kaam karnyasathi bolavanyat aale aanee punha tyancha pratisad nakaratmak hota. yaveli matra shahari VIII neey vaiyaktikaritya hastakshep keela aanee campanellachya itar kamansah 'nastik vijay' chhapanyasathi adhikrut asalyachi khatri kelee. rickardine punaravruttivar kaam karane suru thewale, parantu 1631 madhye kaam shevati disu lagnyapurvi aanakhi vilamb jhaala, tyanantar too tabadtob japt karnyat aala aanee tyavar bandee ghalanyat aalee. campanellane aata rikkardiviruddha suud ugavanyachi moheem suru kelee, prakashanatil serve vilambasathi too karanibhoot asalyacha aarop keela; francela nirvasit houn, tyane tethoon aapala chhal suru thewala, thet pope aanee itar prabhav asalelya lokanna patra lihile, anek varshe recordibaddal satat khote aarop kele. tyachya davyanna konihi gambhiryane ghetale yacha konatahi purava nahee, parantu ricardi tyala sopavalelya campanella hastalikhite sodanyas nakar denyashivay kahihi karoo shakat navhata.
galileeocha 'sanvad'.
1630 teey 1633 darmyan rickardy galileo galileshee sambandhit eka mothya vadat sameel jhaala. 1623 madhye 'ill saggiyator' nantar, galileeone pudhil konatehi kaam prakashit kele navhate aanee visheshtah koparnikasachya kalpananvaril vaad talhala hota, jyabaddal tyala 1616 madhye cardinal bellarmine ishara deela hota.
1630 madhye popache sachiv jiovanni siampoli yanni galileola patra lihoon, alikadech pavitra rajvadyache malak mhanoon niyukt jhalelya ricardichi prashansa kelee, jyanna aata chhapanyasathi parvanyachya pustakancha adhikar hota. kahee varshanpurvi rikardine 'ill saggiyator' yaa pustakachya prakashanas manyata dilee hotee, tyamule galileola tyachya kalpana prakashit karnyachya naveen sandhee upalabdh hotil yache heey sakaratmak lakshan disat hote. benedetto castelline rickardila sangitale qee tyachya niyuktimulech galileola lekhan punha suru karnyas prerana midali hotee-jeey, sanvadacha aakar aanee guntagunt pahata nishchitpane kharey navhate. galileo nehmich tyachyavar avalambun rahoo shakato yaa aashvasanasah ricardine yaa khushkhushal bhagala pratisad deela, jyachi castelline nantar 9 februwari 1630 roji galileola eka patrat recordichya pathimbyache samanya aashvasan mhanoon nond kelee.
galileeone 'sanvad' chey tyache hastalikhit purn kele, 3 meey 1630 roji rommadhye aala aanee swatah shahari lokanna teey sadar kele. shahari lokanni kadachit tyacha farsa bhag vachala nasel, parantu tyane galileeoche kamache shirshak, 'dii fluxu ett refluxue maris' heey yaa karyacha mukhya uddesh yogyaritya pratibimbit karat nahee yaa karanastav paar kele-tolemy aanee copernicus yanchya jaagtik drushtikonachi tulana. naveen padvichi aavashyakta asanyabarobarach, shahareene punha sangitale qee yaa vishayala keval kalpanik paddhatine hatalale pahije aanee tyala aavadana konatyahi prakare vishvache aayojan karnyachya devachya anant kshamatebaddalacha tyacha swatacha pasantis asalela yuktivad shevati samavisht keela pahije. tyane heey hastalikhit punaravalokanasathi rikkardikade pathavale, galileeone popchya atty swikarlya aanee tyachya sahayyakane kahee badal kelyanantar rickardine hastalikhitala manyata dilee.
galileeone nantar rome sodale aanee florencela paratala, jyane tyachya yojananna aanakhi white valan dile. ekedemiya dei linsicha sansthapak, prince sessie, maran pavala, mhanje galileokade aata prakashanacha kharch bhagavanyasathi snrakshak navhata. tyach velee, florencemadhye plegcha udrek honyacha arth assa hota qee galileo yapudhe romla punaravalokanasathi hastalikhite pathvu shakat navhata. tyaeivaji, tyanni florencemadhye prakashit karnyache tharavale. rickardine lihile qee tarihi galileeone manya kelelya sudharana karavyat ashee tyanchi apeksha hotee, jyanantar florence kinwa itaratra prakashit karnyacha parwana jaaree keela jaau shakato.
rickardy aata asthir houu lagali. tyala maheet hote qee pope swatah galileola tyache kaam lihinyas protsahit karat asat, jaree teey kahee vishisht maryadet asale. jiovanni siampoline prakashanas pasanti dilee. rikardicha chulat bhau rommadhil tuscan rajdutachi patni hotee aanee medisi nyayalayala heey pustak prakashit karayache hote. tyach velee, copernicanismchya virodhat charchchya 1616 chya nirnayacha arth assa hota qee tyasathi vaad ghalanari konatihi gosht samasyapradhan hotee aanee jesuit aurder galileola pratyek prakare virodh karnyacha nirdhar karat hotee. pudhe kase jayache yabaddal anishchit, rickardila kityek mahine vilamb jhaala. akheris, march 1631 madhye, tyanni heey hastalikhit rakhoon thevanyachya ativar, 'sanvad' prakashit kele jaau shakate yavar sahmati darshavali. pratyek paan vachoon aanee durust karoon purn kelyanantar too teey mudrakakade pathvat asey. tyane ajunahi aagrah dharala qee popchya matannusar tee aananyasathi galileola prastavna aanee nishkarsh punha lihawa lagel.
march 1631 madhye, rickardine prastavit kele qee galileeone tyala sampoorn hastalikhit pathvanyaivaji-plaig vahoon nenyachya jokhamimule ashakya-tyane fakt sudharit prastavna aanee nishkarsh pathvava aanee urvarit charchchya adhikadhyandvare florencemadhye punaravalokan kele jaeel. akheris tuscan rajdutachi patni, tyacha chulat bhau, april 1631 madhye eka vyavastha madhyasthi karoo shakala, jyamadhye ricardine kahee lekhee atinchya adheen rahoon chhapanyasathi parwana denyas sahmati darshavali. akheris, galileokadoon adhik santapt patravyavaharanantar. ricardine florenceche chaukashikarta clement egidi yanna patra lihoon, tyanchya drushtikonatun aataparyantchya prakriyecha saransh deela aanee tyanna pudhe jaanyacha adhikar deela-ektar prakashit karnyacha kinwa naan karnyacha-tyanna sarvottam vatale tase, jyamule prabhavipane tyanche haat dhuun ghetale gele.
julai 1631 madhye sanvadachi chhapai suru hotee aanee februwari 1632 paryant purn jhaali. pratee meey mahinyat romparyant pohochalya. julaichya shevati, ricardine egidila kamachi pratyek prat florencemadhye gola karanyachi soochana kelee, aanee rommadhye vitarit kelelya serve pratee gola karnyache kaam suru kele. yaa pustakala chhapanyacha parwana kassa midala heey tapasanyasathi kahee aathvadyantach eka mandali sthapan karnyat aalee hotee. rickardine assa dawa keela qee tyane heey manya karnyache ekmev kaaran mhanje sayampoline tyala popache eka patra dile hote, jyat tyane tase karnyache aadesh dile hote (yacha arth sayampoline teey banavat kele hote).
shahari VIII galileo aanee siyampolivar santapt hota, parantu tyane riscardine sadbhavanene kaam kele aahe heey spashtapane manya kele. galileover khatala chalavanyat aala, simpolila baad karnyat aale, parantu ricardi tyache sthan tikavoon thevanyat yashasvi jhaala.
mrutyu.
30 meey 1639 roji rommadhye strokemule rickardicha mrutyu jhaala aanee tyala santa maria sopra minarvachya charchmadhye daphan karnyat aale. galileeochya "sanvad" madhye sudharana karananya aayogache sadasya melchiyar inchofer yanni antyasanskarat bhashan dile.
kaam karate.
tyachya vidyaman kamancha kramank vees aahe. aagman, karj aanee vishesh prasangi pravachananchya anek khandanvyatirikt, tyanchya likhanat dharmgranth, dharamshastra aanee itihasacha samavesh aahe. histree auph daad council auph trent' (rome, 1627) heey tyachya sarvat prasiddha kamanpaiki eka aahe. tyachya bhashyanmadhye shastranchya serve pustakancha samavesh aahe; itar done bhashyanmadhye prabhuchi prathna aanee canticalcha samavesh aahe.