
vidhva shuddhata

paramparik chiinii sanskrutik paddhati aanee vishvasanmadhye vidhva satitva haah eka aadarsh hota, jyane vidhva striyancha sanman keela aanee tyanchya punarvivahala paravrutt kele, tyaeivaji tyanna "sadguni satitva" asalele jeevan jaganyas protsahit kele. vidhva pavitratechya kalpanela chinmadhye eka dirgh itihas aahe, parantu yaa prathevar bharr denyache mool gaane rajvansh nava-confucian lokanmadhye asalyache manale jaate aanee teey king yugat antim aanee shevati samapt jhaale.
itihas.
prarambhik kalkhand.
vidhva pavitratechi kalpana zau rajvanshachya 'sanskaranchya pustak' chya suruvatipasunach aadhalu shakate. hahn rajvanshachya kalat, baan zao yanni lihileh "vidhinusar, patiche punha lagn karane heey kartavya aahe, parantu strila punarvivah karnyas adhikrut karnara konatahi majkoor nahee."lioo shiangne tyachya" "aadarsh mahilanche charitra" "yaa pustakat vidhva pavitratebaddal dekhil lihile aahe". nantarchya hahn rajvanshat vidhva satitwala mahatva midale aanee shuddha vidhavanna bakshis denyat aale. tang rajvanshachya kalat, vidhavanna jabardastine punarvivah karnyapasoon sanrakshn dile jaau shakate, jyamule teey tyanchya mrut patichya malmattevaril adhikar gamavatil.
ganyache rajvansh.
ganyachya rajvanshachya kalat, confucianism hii pramukh shraddha pranali bunley aanee cheng yee aanee jhu zee sarkhya nava-confucienciny satipanavar bharr deela; vidhva satitvachya panthachya udayasathi cheng yee jababdar asalyache manale jaate. cheng yee yanna vatale qee, ekhadya purushane vidhveshi lagn karane ayogya aahe kaaran "lagn heey eka julvajulav aahe aanee jarr konee aadhich tichi sachoti gamavalelya vyaktila ghetale tarr too dekhil ticha vivah gamavel". tyanchya patichya mrutyunantar garib jhalelya vidhavanchya prashnavar cheng mhanaleh "upashi rahane hii eka chhotishi baab aahe, parantu aekhadyachi pavitrata gamavane hii eka mothee baab aahe." 
ganyachya rajvanshachya kalat, striyanna tyanchya vadilankadun varshane midalelya malmattesah tyanche swatache dahej thevane samanya hote aanee tyanchya patichya mrutyunantar, teey asha malmattansah tasech tyanchya lagnadarmyan tyanni jamaa keleli konatihi sampatti tyanchya janmalelya kutumbat parat karoo shakatat. tyanchya mool kutumbat paratalelya rajvanshachya vidhavanna malmattechya hakkanvaril kayadyanche sanrakshn labhale, jyamule tyanche punarvivah sope jhaale. nava-confucienciny asha kayadyanna aavhan dile aanee assa yuktivad keela qee yaa vidhavanni tyanna pathimba denyasathi tyanchya patichya kutumbansobat rahile pahije. suruvatichya ganyachya kalat vidhvansathi punarvivah karane samanya hote, parantu nantarchya kalat confucian lokanchya prabhavamule punarvivah haah eka samajik kalank banala; yamule anek vidhavanna tras aanee ektepana aala. lii kingzao yaa ganyachya kavayitrine, ticha pahila patee zao mingcheng maran pavlyanantar, vayachya 49 vya varshi alpakalasathi punarvivah keela, jyasathi tichyavar jordar teeka karnyat aalee.
yuan rajvansh.
yuan rajvanshachya kalat, vidhavanchya punarvivahaviruddha yuktivad karananya song rajvanshachya confucian lokanchya prabhavakhali vidhva pavitratela protsahan denare kayade pratham kahee pramanat lagoo karnyat aale. asha kayadyanmadhye mahilanna tyanchi swatachi malmatta tyanchya janmalelya kutumbanna kinwa tyanni punha lagn kele tarr dusya kutumbala parat denyas manai aahe. asey kartana, strichi malmatta tichya pahilya patichya kutumbachi malmatta bunley, jyamule striche moolya aanee tichya punarvivah karnyachya shakyatevar parinam jhaala.
ming rajvansh.
ming rajvanshachya kalat, vidhva satitva adhikadhik samanya hott gele, tyala vyapak mahatva midale aanee tyala kayadeshir pathbal denyat aale. yuan rajvanshachya kalat suru jhalelya vivah aanee malmatta kayadyanmule vidhva pavitrata dekhil adhikadhik lokpriy jhaali. shuddha vidhavanna sanskrutik nayakanchya bhoomiket badhati denyat aalee aanee rajyane shuddha mahilanna 'gunavattechi saksh' (jingbiao) pradan kelee. asey puraskar 14 vya shatkachya suruvatipasun shuddha vidhavanna (<unk>) dile jaat hote aanee 16 vya shatkachya uttaradhat balatkaracha (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′) pratikar karoon maran pavalelya mahilansathi vistarit kele jaat hote. rajyane sthanik pavitrata panthanna manyata dilee, jyat mahilancha sanman karnyasathi tyanchya kutumbatil sadasyankadun kinwa samudayankadun smarak kamani aanee mandire bandhali gelee aanee tyanna smarak lekhanasah sanmanit kele gele. pavitratecha sambandh aatmahatyeshi dekhil jodala gela aanee ming yugat vidhavanchya aatmahatyanmadhye lakshaniy vaadh jhaali.
king rajvansh.
kingchya kalat, balvivahachya prasarasah purushanmadhye akali mrutyuchya uchch daramule tarun striyanchi vidhva mhanoon mothee sankhya rahili. samanyatah, vidhva strila tichya patichya mrutyupurvi tichya kautumbik gharat nele gele asate aanee parinami ticha uddesh purn karane, mhanje patichi raktaresha kayam thevanyasathi eka mulala janm dene, heey ashakya hote. tathapi, king-yugatil chinmadhil purushanchya uchch pramanamule (mukhytah kanya shishuhatyemule) eka supic stree, tiche mageel lagn asoonahi, teela mothya kimmatila vikale jaau shakate aanee dusya kutumbala lagn kele jaau shakate.
king nyayalayane hii pratha nakarli aanee tyaeivaji vidhva pavitratela pitrudharmanishthateche prateek aanee shahee darbar aanee sarkari adhikadhyanprati nishtheche vidhan mhanoon manale. yaa drushtikonacha prachar karnyasathi king darbarane shuddha vidhva asalelya kutumbala sanman pradan karanyachi vyavastha kelee, tasech kutumbatil samajat eka mothee aanee alankrut aupcharik kamaan-'satee paifang' kinwa 'satee aanee pitrupradhan paifang' (<unk>)-bandhane yasarkhya itar upayayojananchi vyavastha kelee. vidhavanna kayadeshir upayayojanandvare pavitrateche palan karnyas dekhil protsahit kele geleh king yug kayadyanusar, vidhva tichya divangat patiprati "nishtheche" vidhan mhanoon tichi laingikta japoon thevalyasach tichya patichya malmattecha varsa gheu shakate kinwa snrakshak mhanoon kaam karoo shakate. chiinii samrajyachya sanskratikdrushtya asahmat pradeshanmadhye, sarkari adhikaanyaanee rudhivadi chiinii sanskratichi amalbajavani karnyasathi aanee aparamparik vivah pratha, visheshtah levirate vivah, jyaa prathet eka manus tyachya mrut bhavachya vidhavashi lagn karato, tee pratha kadhoon taknyasathi 'vidhva satitva' dharmayuddha suru kele.
ghat.
chinchya madhya bhagatil uchchabhru kutumbanni tyanchya samudayanmadhye samajik spardhet aaghadi midvanyasathi vidhva satipanachya shahee prashansecha vapar karnyas suruvat kelee tevha 'vidhva satitva' yaa ajendyane king darbaratoon vaad nirman karnyas suruvat kelee. jyaa kutumbanni vidhva mahilene tichya patichya mrutyunantar aatmahatya kelee hotee, tyanna sanman denyat aala hota asha sanshayaspad prakaranambabat adhikari visheshtah chintit hote. aatmahatyela vidhavene uchalane haah eka sanmananiy aanee sadguni marg manla jaat asala taree, yaa aatmahatyanchya aaspaschi paristhiti anekada atishay sanshayaspad hotee aanee patichya kutumbacha chukicha sahbhag asalyache soochit karate. akheris yaa samasyemule shahee darbarane khoopach qamee utsahane 'vidhva pavitrata' laa protsahan dile aanee adhik kaljipurvak vivekbuddhine sanman pradan keela. king chinmadhil naveen sanskrutik aanee bauddhik vikas, visheshtah 'purava sanshodhan chalval' (kaozeng) neey dekhil 'vidhva shuddhata' chya moolbhut naitiktevar naveen sambhashan suru kele. tyaa kalatil nava-confucian sthitibaddal sanshayavadyanni, visheshtah wang zhong yanni, 'vidhva pavitrata' chaa tark aanee moolbhut manvi karunecha abhav asalelya junya vidhincha sangrah mhanoon nishedh keela.