puur

puur mhanje panyacha (kinwa kvachitach itar dravpadarthancha) ogh joou samanyatah koradi asaleli jameen budavato. vahanare paanee" yaa arthane, haah shabd bharatichya pravahachya babatitahi lagoo keela jaau shakato. puur heey jalvidnyan shakhechya abhyasache kshetra aahe aanee shetee, nagri abhiyantriki aanee sarvajanik aarogya yaa kshetranmadhye teey lakshaniy chinteche aahet. paryavaranatil manvi badalanmule anekada purachi tivrata aanee varanvarta vadhate, udaharanarth, jangaltod aanee panthal jaaga kadhoon takane, jalmarganmadhil badal kinwa tatbandisarkhya puur niyantranat badal aanee hawaman badal aanee samudrachya patalit vaadh yasarkhya mothya paryavaraniy samasya. visheshtah hawaman badalacha vadhata paus aanee tivra havamanatil ghatananmule purachya itar karananchi tivrata vadhate, parinami adhik tivra puur yetat aanee puracha dhoka vadhato.
nadee, talav kinwa mahasagar yasarkhya jalsrotanmadhun panyacha ogh hott asalyane puur yeu shakato, jyamadhye paanee tatbandi olandun jaate kinwa tutate, parinami tyateel kahee paanee tyachya nehamichya simanpasoon door jaate kinwa ekhadya kshetriy purat santrupt jaminivar pavasache paanee sathalyamule teey houu shakate. paus aanee burf vitalanyachya hangami badalannusar talav kinwa itar jalashayancha aakar badalat asala taree, teey malmattela puur aanat naheet kinwa paliv prani budavat naheet toparyant aakaratil heey badal mahattvapoorn manale jaanyachi shakyata nahee.
jevha pravahacha darr nadee vahinyachya kshamatepeksha jaast asato, visheshtah jalmargatil vakya kinwa valalelya thikani, tevha nadyanmadhye puur yeu shakato. puramule anekvela ghare aanee vyavasayanna nuksan pohochate, jarr teey nadyanchya naisargik purgrast maidananmadhye asateel. nadyanpasun aanee itar jalsrotanpasun door jaaun naditil puramule honare nuksan door kele jaau shakate, tarr lock paramparene nadyanchya kathavar rahat aanee kaam karat aale aahet kaaran jameen samanyatah sapat aanee supic asate aanee nadya pravas aanee vyapar aanee udhyogat sahaj pravesh pradan karatat. puramule malmatteche nuksan honyavyatirikt duyyam parinam houu shakatat, jase qee rahivashanche dirghakalin visthapan aanee jaljanya rogancha vadhata prasar aanee dasandware sankramit vector-borne disesses.
prakar.
kshetriy.
jevha paus kinwa burf vitalalyamule paanee aat ghusun kinwa vahoon jaanyapeksha adhik vegane puravile jaate tevha sapat kinwa sakhal bhaganvar puur yeu shakato. atirikt jaaga jaagich jamaa hote, kadhikadhi dhokadayak kholparyant. prushthbhagavaril maatee santrupt houu shakate, jee ghuskhori prabhavipane thambavate, jethe panyache star uthal aahe, udaharanarth purbhumi kinwa eka kinwa vadalanchya maliketil tivra pavsamule. gothaleli jameen, khadak, concrete, farasbandi kinwa chhapparanchya madhyamatunahi ghuskhori santh teey nagany asate. purgrast pradeshasarkhya sapat bhagat aanee pravahachya vahinyashi jodalelya nasalelya sthanik avkshepachya bhagat kshetriy puur suru hoto, kaaran jaminivaril pravahacha veg prushthbhagachya utaravar avalambun asato. jevha parjanyaman bashpibhavanapeksha jaast asate tevha endoric mothyanmadhye kshetriy puur yeu shakato.
nadyancha puur.
olsar bhagatil chhotya alpakalin pravahanpasun teey shushk havamanatil samanyapane koradya vahinyanparyant aanee jagatil sarvat mothya nadyanparyant serve prakarchya nadee aanee pravah vahinyanmadhye puur yetat. jevha nangarani kelelya shetat jaminivaril pravah hoto, tevha tyacha parinam chikhalyukt purat houu shakato, jithe gaal vahoon gheuun nilambit padarth kinwa bedd loaded mhanoon vahoon nela jaato. bhuskhalan, burf, avashesh kinwa beaver dharane yasarkhya nichara adthalyanmule sthanik puur yeu shakato kinwa vadhu shakato.
mothya panlot kshetra asalelya mothya nadyanmadhye samanyatah haloohaloo vadhanare puur yetat. satatcha paus, vegane burf vitalane, mansoon kinwa ushnakatibandhiy chakrivadalanmule pravahachi vaadh houu shakate. tathapi, koradya hawaman asalelya bhagat mothya nadyanna zapatyane puur yeu shakato, kaaran tyanchyakade mothya mothya asoo shakatat parantu chhotya nadee vahinya asoo shakatat aanee tyaa mothyatiilaw lahan bhagat paus khoop tivra asoo shakato.
achanak aalelya purasah jalad puur yenyachya ghatana, lahan nadya, ubhya ubhya asalelya nadya, abhedya bhupradeshatun tyanchya bahutansh lambisathi vahinyanmadhye nadya kinwa samanyatah koradya vahinyanvar adhik vela ghadatat. yache kaaran sthanik sanvahan parjanyaman (tivra meghagarjana) kinwa dharan, bhuskhalan kinwa himnadichya mage nirman jhalelya varchya bajula jhalelya japtitoon achanak sodane asoo shakate. eka udaharanat, eka arund mothyatiilaw lokpriy dhabdhabyavar ravivari dupari achanak aalelya puramule aath janancha mrutyu jhaala. konatahi paus naan pahata, pravahacha darr sumare eka minitat vadhala. eka aathvadyachya aat ekach thikani done mothe puur aale, parantu tyaa divashi dhabdhabyavar konihi navhate. jalnissaran jalnissaran kahee bhagavar vadali vadali jhalela pranghatak puur, jithe khadkal utaar samanya aahet aanee patal maatee aadhich santrupt jhaali hotee.
nairutya united statesmadhye aroyos mhanoon olakhalya khalee aanee itaratra itar anek nave asalelya, shushk kshetrantil samanyatah koradya vahinyanmadhye achanak yenare puur haah sarvat samanya puur prakar aahe. tyaa vatavaranat, yenare pahile purache paanee qamee hote kaaran teey valukamay pravahache tall ole karate. asha prakare purachi aaghadichi dhaar nantarchya aanee jaast pravahapeksha adhik haloohaloo pudhe jaate. parinami, puur khalchya dishene jaat asatana jalalekhatil vadhata avyav itka vegwan hoto qee pravah darr itka motha hott nahee qee maatee ole kelyane honari ghasaran kshullak hote.
kinarpattivaril puur.
kinarpattichya bhagat vadalanchya vadhimule aanee samudratil unch bharati aanee mothya latanchya ghatananmule puur yeu shakato, parinami laata puur sanrakshanat jaast chadhatat kinwa gambhir prakarananmadhye tsunami kinwa ushnakatibandhiy chakrivadalanmule. ushnakatibandhiy chakrivadal kinwa ushnakatibandhiy nasalelya chakrivadalatun aaleli vadalachi laat yaa shreneet yete. vadalachi laat mhanje "andajit khagoliy bharatichya varr aanee varr vadalamule nirman honari panyachi atirikt vaadh". hawaman badalachya parinamanmule (udaa.jee. samudrasapatichi vaadh aanee tivra havamanachya ghatananmadhye vaadh) aanee kinarpattichya bhagat bhagat loksankhyet vaadh, kinarpattivaril puur ghatananmule honare nuksan tivra jhaale aahe aanee adhik lock prabhavit hott aahet.
shahari puur.
nadimukhatil puur samanyatah vaara aanee qamee barometric daab aanee varchya bajula nadichya uchch pravahala pravahala mothya laata yamule yamule vadalachya vadhimule hoto.
vinashkari.
mothya payabhoot suvidhanchya apayshamule, anekada dharan kosalalyamule naditil vinashkari puur yeu shakato. bhuskhalan, bhookamp kinwa jwalamukhi udrekamule lokanvar jalnissaran vahinyanchya badalamulehi heey houu shakate. udaharananmadhye udrek puur aanee lahar yancha samavesh hoto. tsunamimule kinarpattivar vinashkari puur yeu shakato, joou samanyatah samudrakhalil bhookampanmule hoto.
karane.
purr heey anek karananmule kinwa yapaiki konatyahi dirghkalapasunchya musaldhar pavsamule (sthanik patalivar kinwa sampoorn panlot kshetrat), atyant vegwan burf vitalane, panyavar tivra vaare, asamanya uchch bharati, tsunami kinwa dharane, tatbandi, dharan talav kinwa paanee tikavoon tikavoon itar sanrachananchya apayshamule udbhavtat. abhedya prushthbhagachya vadhiv pramanamule kinwa jangalatil aagisarkhya itar naisargik dhokyanmule puur vadhu shakato, jyamule paus shoshun gheu houu vanaspatincha puravatha qamee hoto.
pavasachya velee, kahee paanee talav kinwa matimadhye sathavale jaate, kahee gavat aanee vanaspatindware shoshale jaate, kahee bashpibhavan hotat aanee urvarit prushthbhagavaril pravah mhanoon jaminivar pravas karatat. talav, talav, nadipatra, maatee aanee vanaspati serve paanee shoshun gheu shakat naheet tevha puur yetat. 
naisargikaritya mothya pramanat paanee paanee panthal pradeshancha nichara karane aanee konatehi paanee shoshun naan ghenare mokale prushthbhag bandhane yasarkhya manvi kriyakalapanmule heey adhik tivra jhaale aahe. tyanantar paanee jaminivarun asha pramanat vahate jeey pravah vahinyanmadhye vahoon nele jaau shakat nahee kinwa naisargik talav, talav aanee manavnirmit jalashayanmadhye thewale jaau shakat nahee. serve parjanyamanapaiki sumare 30 takke paus vahoon jaato aanee aanee barfamule paanee yenyane teey praman vadhu shakate. 
naditil puur anekada musaldhar pavsamule udbhavtat, kahivela burf vitalalyamule vadhatat. qamee kinwa konatahi ishara naan deta vegane ghatanenantar purala aakasmik puur mhanatat. sahasa tulanene chhotya kshetravaril tivra pavsamule kinwa jarr purvichya parjanyamanamule haah bhag aadhich santrupt jhaala asel tarr achanak aalelya purancha parinam hoto.
anek nadyanvar niyatkalik puur yetat, jyamule aaspascha pradesh tayar hoto jyala puur maidan mhanatat. paus tulanene halka asala tarihi, talav aanee khadyanchya kinarpattyanvar jordar jordar puur yeu shakato-jase qee chakrivadalanchya velee-jeey velee-jeey bhagat paanee vahoon netat.
chadh-utaar ghatak.
naisargik parjanya aanee niyantrit kinwa aniyantrit jalashayatun utsarjit lokanvar panyachya pravahatoon nichara vahinyaparyant pohochanyache praman, sthan aanee vel khalchya bhagatil pravah nishchit karate. kahee parjanyaman bashpibhavan hote, kahee haloohaloo matitoon vahoon jaate, kahee tatpurte burf kinwa burf mhanoon vegale kele jaau shakatat aanee kahee khadak, padpath, chhappar aanee santrupt kinwa gothalelya jaminisah prushthbhagavarun jalad pravah nirman karoo shakatat. jalnissaran vahiniparyant twarit twarit aakasmik parjanyamanacha ansh koradya, sapat jaminivar halakya pavsasathi shoonya teey jamaa jhalelya barfavar ubdar pavsasathi 170 takkyanparyant disun aala aahe.
parjanyamanachya bahutansh nondi eka nishchit kalavadhit midalelya panyachya mojalelya kholivar aadharit asatat. "jyaa ekoon kalavadhisathi nirikshane upalabdh aahet tyaa kalavadhit tyaa threshold mulyapeksha jaast mojmapanvarun parjanyamanachya vyaj threasholdchi "varanvarta" nirdharit kelee jaau shakate. pratyek mojalelya kholila nirikshananmadhil kalavadhine vibhajit karoon vaiyaktik deta pointsche 'tivrata' madhye rupantar kele jaate. jarr parjanyamanachya ghatanecha "kalavadhi" mojamapachi nond kelelya nishchit velechya antarapeksha qamee asel tarr hii tivrata vastavik kamal tivratepeksha qamee asel. sanvahan parjanyaman ghatana (vadal) heey aurographic parjanyamanapeksha qamee kalavadhichya vadalachya ghatana nirman karatat. puracha andaj lavnyasathi pavasachya ghatanancha kalavadhi, tivrata aanee varanvarta mahattvachi aahe. chhotya jalnirgam mothyanmadheel purasathi alpakalin parjanyaman adhik mahattvapoorn aahe.
purachi tivrata nishchit karnyasathi sarvat mahattvacha utaar ghatak mhanje swarasya asalelya kshetrachya varchya bhagachya panlot kshetrache jameen kshetra. andajepeksha qamee panlot kshetrasathi parjanyamanachi tivrata haah dusra sarvat mahattvacha ghatak aahe. mothya panlot kshetrasathi mukhya pravah utaar haah dusra sarvat mahattvacha ghatak aahe. chhotya aanee mothya panlot kshetransathi vahinyancha utaar aanee pavasachi tivrata heey anukrame tisare sarvat mahattvache ghatak aahet.
ekagratecha vel mhanje varchya jalnirgaman kshetrachya sarvat durchya bindupasoon pravahasathi aavashyak asalela vel, joou jalnirgaman vahinyachya binduparyant pohochanyasathi, aavadichya kshetrachya puravar niyantran thevanyasathi aavashyak asato. ekagratecha vel, aavadichya kshetrasathi sarvadhik parjanyamanacha nirnayak kalavadhi paribhashit karato. chhappar aanee parkingchya jalnirgaman sanrachanansathi tivra parjanyamanacha nirnayak kalavadhi keval kahee minite asoo shakato, tarr anek divasancha sanchayi paus nadee mothyansathee mahattvapoorn asel.
ghasaraniche ghatak.
utaravarun vahinyanmadhye panyala shevati khalchya dishene dishene paristhiticha samna karava lagato, jyamule halchal mandavate. kinarpattivaril purgrast bhaganmadhye antim maryada bahudha samudra kinwa kahee kinarpattivaril purgrast bhag asatat, jeey naisargik talav tayar karatat. sakhal bhaganna puur aalyane, bharatichya chadhautaransarkhe unchivaril badal heey kinarpattivaril aanee nadimukhatil purache mahattvapoorn nirdharak aahet. tsunami aanee vadalachya udrekasarkhya qamee andajit ghatananmule dekhil panyachya mothya strotanmadhye unchimadhye badal houu shakatat. vahatya panyachi unchi pravah vahinyachya bhoomitidware niyantrit kelee jaate aanee visheshtah vahinyachya kholidware, pravahacha veg aanee tyateel galanchya pramanadvare, pool aanee mothyansarkhe pravah vahinyanche nirbandh nirbandh nirbandhanpeksha jaast panyachi unchi niyantrit karatat. panyachya badalatya unchinusar nichara konatyahi pohoch vastavik niyantran bindu badaloo shakato, tyamule eka jawalcha bindu qamee panyachya patalisathi niyantrit karoo shakato joparyant uchch panyachya patalivar adhik durchya binduche niyantran hott nahee.
vanaspatinchi vaadh, burf kinwa avasheshanche sanchay kinwa puur vahineet pool, imarati kinwa tatbandi bandhalyamule prabhavi puur vahinyanchi bhoomiti badalali jaau shakate.
yogayogane.
atyant tivra puur ghatana ghatana yogayogane ghadatat, udaharanarth asamanya tivra, ubdar paus vitalanara judd burf, burf barfamule vahinyanmadhye adthale nirman karane aanee beaver dharnansarkhya chhotya bandhane sodane. keval avirat jalnissaran vahinyanmadhye vahinyanmadhye parjanyamanacha ogh lakshat gheta, yogayogane yogayogane ghatananmule, sadhya sankhyikeey andaj namunyanvarun apekshepeksha jaast varanvar puur yeu shakato. jevha avjad pravahatoon ukhadaleli lakudyukt vanaspati aanee puramule nuksan jhalelya sanrachana aanee nauka aanee railway upkaranansah vahane vahoon jaatat tevha vahinyanchya bhoomitimadhye kachara badalane samanya aahe. queensland puradarmyanchya alikadil kshetra mojmapanvarun asey disun aale qee keval pravahacha veg, panyachi kholee kinwa vishisht gatee yavar aadharit konatahi nikash veg aanee panyachya kholitil chadhautaranmule lokanvar dhokyansathi jababdar asoo shakat nahee. yaa babincha vichar karoon, pravah gatimule nirman jhalelya mothya mothya sambandhit dhokyankade adhik durlaksh kele jaate.
kahee sanshodhakanni shahari bhagat sathavan prabhavacha ullekh keela aahe, jyamadhye vahtook margika kapoon aanee bharoon tayar kelya aahet. jarr kalve kalve adakale aanee rastyanvarun pravah valavala gela tarr kalve bharalelya bhaganche japtit rupantar kele jaau shakate. anek abhyasanni vadalachya ghatanandarmyan rastyanvaril pravahache namune aanee punarvitaran aanee puur pratirupanavaril parinam tapasale aahet.
hetupurassar aalela puur.
anyatha koradi rahileli jameen lashkari, shetee kinwa nadee-vyavasthapanachya uddeshane jaanunbujun puravu shakate. haah hydraulic engineeringcha eka prakar aahe.
anek deshanmadhye ardh-jaleey tandalachya lagvadisathi bhatsheti tayar kartana shetila puur yeu shakato.
nadee vyavasthapanasathi puur yenyasathi purachya tappyavar naditil purache paanee, asha prakare balee dilelya kshetranpeksha adhik maulyavan manalya khalee bhagatoon varchya dishene valavanyachya swarupat puur yeu shakato. misaurimadhil united states armi corps auph engineersne 2011 madhye janivpurvak kelelya nirbandhanchya ullanghanapramane heey "tatpurte" kele jaau shakate, kinwa kayamswarupi, tathakathit "overleton" (shabdasha "lett-over") pramane, dutch reparian tatbandhanmadhil jaanunbujun qamee kelela bhag, jase qee gassel aanee linden, uttar brabant gavanmadhil mayaschya davya tatbandhatil "bear overlet".
lashkari puramule shetat adthala nirman hoto jyacha hetu shatruchya halchalit adthala aanane haah asato. heey aakramak aanee bachavatmak asha donhi karanansathi kele jaau shakate. yavyatirikt, joparyant vaparlelya paddhati hydraulic abhiyantrikicha eka prakar aahet, toparyant "niyantrit" puranmadhye farak karane upayukt tharoo shakate (dutch prajasattak aanee tyaa bhagatil tyachya uttaradhikari rajyanchya antargat netherlandsmadhil bahutek aitihasik puranmadhye aanee done hollandic jalmarganmadhye udaharanadakhal, stelling vanne amsterdam, frisian jalmarg, ijasel resha, soul-raam resha aanee tyaa deshatil grebe resha) aanee "aniyantrit" (ainshi varshanchya yuddhachya pahilya bhagat leadenchya aanee vedhyapramane, pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat yasser maidanacha puur, aanee walcheranche puur aanee aanee mahayuddhachya kalat wearingermeerche puur). niyantrit" mhanoon gananyasathi, lashkari purala nagri lokanche heet lakshat ghyave lagate, tyanna velevar baher kadhanyachi parvanagi dyavi lagate, purala "ulat karata yenyajoga" karoon aanee puracha pratikool paryavaraniy parinam qamee karnyacha prayatna karava lagato. jarr puur dirghkal tikala tarr too parinam jalbhuvaidnyanik arthane dekhil pratikool asoo shakato.
itaipu dharnamule chinta nirman jhaali qee sangharshachya velee buenos erla puur aananyasathi shastra mhanoon vaparale jaau shakate.
parinam.
puur hii eka prachand vidhvansak shakti dekhil asoo shakate. jevha paanee vahate, tevha tyat pool, sanrachana, ghare, zaade, qaar yasarkhya serve prakarchya imarati aanee vastoo padanyachi kshamata asate... udaharanarth, 2007 madhye bangladeshmadhye aalelya puramule daha lakhanhun adhik gharanchya nashala jababdar hote. aanee americet darvarshi puramule 7 abj dollarspeksha jaast nuksan hote.
prathamik parinam.
purachya prathamik parinamanmadhye jivitahani aanee pool, sandapani vyavastha, raste aanee kalve yasah imarati aanee itar sanrachananche nuksan yancha samavesh hoto.
puramule varanvar veej pareshan aanee kadhikadhi veej nirmitiche nuksan hote, jyache nantar veej gamavalyamule honare parinam adhorekhit hotat. yamadhye pinyachya panyavar prakriya aanee panipurvatha qamee hone samavisht aahe, jyamule pinyachya panyachi haanee houu shakate kinwa paanee gambhir dooshit houu shakate. yamule sandapani vilhewat lavnyachya suvidhanchehi nuksan houu shakate. purachya panyat manvi sandpanyasah swachchh panyachya abhavamule jaljanya rogancha dhoka vadhato, jyat pursthitinusar vishamajwar, giardia, cryptosporidium, pataki aanee itar anek rogancha samavesh asoo shakato.
raste aanee vahtook payabhoot suvidhanche nuksan jhalyas badhitanna madat karane kinwa aapatkalin aarogya upchar pradan karane katheen houu shakate.
purachya panyamule samanyatah shetjamini budate, jyamule jameen kaam naan karnyayogya hote aanee pike lavnyapasun kinwa kapanipasoon rokhate, jyamule manav aanee shetatil prani yaa doghansathihi annachi tanchai houu shakate. atyant pursthitimadhye deshache sampoorn peak nasht houu shakate. kahee vruksh prajati tyanchya mulanchya pranalichya pradirgh purapasoon kadachit bachavu shakanar naheet.
aarogyavar honare parinam.
puracha thet sambandh asalelya mrutyu heey sahasa budun hotat; purache paanee khoop khol asate aanee tyat jordar pravah asatat. mrutyu keval budun hott naheet, tarr mrutyu heey nirjalikaran, ushmaghat, hrudayavikaracha zatka aanee vaidyakeey purvathyachi aavashyakta asalelya itar konatyahi aajaranshi sambandhit aahet, jeey vitarit kele jaau shakat naheet.
puur yeto tevha dukhapatimule jaast pramanat aajaar houu shakatat. jeey thet purat hote tyanchyasathich jakhama vegalya nasatat, bachav pathake aanee puravatha karnare lock dekhil dukhapat sahan karoo shakatat. purprakriyedarmyan; aadhi, darmyan aanee nantar kadhihi dukhapat houu shakate. purachya velee kosalanare avashesh kinwa panyat vegane vegane anek vastunpaiki konatyahi ekache apghat hotat. puranantar bachavkaryachya prayatnanmadhye mothya sankhyene jakhami houu shakatat.
panyatoon vahoon nele jaanare anek rogjanke aanee jivanu yamule sansargjanya rog vadhatat.pataki, hipatities aii, hipatities eae aanee atisar yasarkhe anek jaljanya rog aahet, tyapaiki kahee namood karnyasarkhe aahet. purachya kalat swachchh panyachya kamataratemule jatharantravishayak rog aanee atisarjanya rog khoop samanya aahet. puur yeto tevha bahutek swachchh paanee puravatha dooshit hoto. puur kuthe aahe aanee purasathi samuday kitee tayar aahe yavar avalambun panyat aanee rahnyachya thikani svachchatecha abhav asalyamule hipatities aii aanee eae samanya aahet.
jevha puur yeto, tevha lock tyanchi pike, pashudhan aanee annasatha jawaljawal gamavatat aanee tyanna upasamarila samore jaave lagate.
shahari puramule dirghakalin olsar ghare nirman houu shakatat, jyamule aateel burshi vadhu shakatat aanee parinami aarogyavar pratikool parinam hotat, visheshtah shvasanvishayak lakshane. aapatti aalyanantar shvasanache aajaar hone samanya aahe. heey ekhadya ghatanenantar ghatanenantar panyache nuksan aanee burashichya pramanavar avalambun asate. sanshodhan asey suchavate qee kinarpatti aanee panthal bhagat bhagat lokansathi olava aanee burashichya samparkat aalyane shwasan aarogyachya pratikool parinamanmadhye 30-50% chee vaadh hoil. gharanmadhye burshijanya pradushan heey vadhiv allergic nasikashoth aanee damyashi sambandhit aahe. puur thambalyanantar sthir panyat vaadh jhalyamule rogavahu rogahi vadhatat. maleria, dengue, west nail aanee pivala taap heey rogvahakjanya rog aahet. puracha piditanchya manosamajik akhandatevar motha parinam hoto. lokanna vividh prakarche nuksan aanee tanav sahan karava lagato. dirghakalin aarogya samasyanmadhye sarvat jaast upcharit aajaranpaiki eka mhanje puramule nirman jhaleli nairashya aanee tyabarobar vahanari serve shokantika.
jeev gamavane.
khalee jagbharatil sarvat pranghatak puranchi yadee dilee aahe, jyat 100,000 kinwa tyahoon adhik vyaktinchya mrutyuchya ghatana darshavilya aahet.
duyyam aanee dirghakalin parinam.
paryatanat tatpurati ghat, punarbandhanicha kharch kinwa annadhanyachi kamatarata yamule kimmati vadhane, yamule honari aarthik adchan haah gambhir puranantarcha eka samanya parinam aahe. prabhavit lokanvar lokanvar parinamamule prabhavit jhalelyanna, visheshtah mrutyu, gambhir dukhapati aanee malmatteche nuksan jhalyas, mansik nuksan houu shakate.
shahari purache prabhavit parisaravarhi lakshaniy aarthik parinam hotat. americet, udyog tadnyancha andaj aahe qee olya talgharanmule malmattechi kimmat 10-25 takkyanni qamee houu shakate aanee ghar kharedi naan karnyachya pramukh karananmadhye tyancha ullekh keela jaato. yuu. nusar.ess. federal immergency management agency (feema), jawaljawal 40 takke lahan vyavasay puur aapattinantar tyanche darvaje kadhihi ughadat naheet. americet, ghare aanee vyavasay yaa donhichya puramule jhalelya nukasaniviruddha vima upalabdh aahe.
laabh.
bhujal punarbharan, maatee adhik supic karane aanee kahee mateet poshak tatve vadhavane yasarkhe anek fayade puur (visheshtah adhik varanvar kinwa lahan puur) dekhil aanoo shakatat. purache paanee shushk aanee ardh-shushk pradeshanmadhye atyant aavashyak jalsampada puravate, jithe varshbhar paus khoop asamanpane vitareet keela jaau shakato aanee shetjaminitil kitakanna thaar maroo shakato. godya panyatil puur visheshtah nadee margikanmadhil parisanstha rakhanyat mahattvachi bhoomika bajavtat aanee purbhumivaril jaivavividhata rakhanyat pramukh ghatak aahet. puur talav aanee nadyanmadhye poshak tatvancha prasar karoo shakato, jyamule kahee varshansathi jaivbhar vadhu shakato aanee matsyavyavasay sudharu shakato.
kahee mashanchya prajatinsathi, panyakhalil purbhumi kahee shikari aanee poshak tatvanchi kinwa annachi vadhaleli patali asalelya prajananasathi atyant yogya sthan tayar karoo shakate. havamanatil mashansarkhe maase, naveen adhivasanparyant pohochanyasathi puracha vapar karatat. puramule annadhanyachya utpadanat vaadh jhalyane pakshyanchya sankhyela dekhil fayda houu shakato.
puramule maatee adhik supic banvine aanee teela adhik poshak tatve pradan karane yasarkhe fayade houu shakatat. yaa karanastav, tigris-euphrates nadya, nail nadee, indus nadee, ganga aanee pivalya nadisah itar pracheen samudayanchya kalyanasathi niyatkalik puur aavashyak hota. 
purgrast pradeshanmadhye, akshay urjecha strot asalelya jalvidhyutchi vyavharyata dekhil jaast aahe.
puur aanee sambandhit dhokyanpasun sanrakshn.
puur niyantran.
jagbharatil anek deshanmadhye, purachi shakyata asalelya jalmarganche vyavasthapan anekada kaljipurvak kele jaate. jalmarganna tyanchya tyanchya oghalanyapasun rokhanyasathi tatbandi khore, tatbandi, bandhare, jalashay aanee tatbandi yasarkhya sanrakshn sadhanancha vapar keela jaato. jevha heey sanrakshn ayashasvi hote, tevha valuchya pishavya kinwa portable inflatable tubesarkhya aapatkalin upayancha vapar anekada puur rokhanyasathi keela jaato. europe aanee amerikechya kahee bhaganmadhye kinarpattivaril purala sagari bhinti, samudrakinaryavaril poshan aanee adthala bete yasarkhya kinarpattichya sanrakshanane sambodhit kele gele aahe.
nadya aanee pravahanjavalachya nadipatriy kshetrat, anek jalmarg dirghkal bhatkat rahnyas karanibhoot asalelya naisargik shaktincha veg qamee karnyasathi kinwa ulat karnyacha prayatna karnyasathi dhoop niyantran upayayojana kelya jaau shakatat. purachi tivrata aanee ghatana qamee karnyasathi dharnansarkhe puur niyantran kalantarane bandhale aanee rakhale jaau shakate. americet, yuu.ess. abhiyantyanche lashkari dall asha puur niyantran dharananche jaale sambhalate.
shahari purgrast bhagat, manavnirmit sandapani vyavastha aanee vadalatil panyachya payabhoot suvidhanchi durusti aanee vistar haah eka upay aahe. naisargik jalnirgaman vahinya, sachchidra farasbandi aanee panthal pradesh (ektritpane harit payabhoot suvidha kinwa shashvat shahari jalnirgam pranali (suds) mhanoon olakhali jaanari) yanchya madhyamatoon raste, parkingchi thikane aanee imaratinmadhil abhedya prushthbhag qamee karane heey dusare dhoran aahe. purpravan mhanoon olakhalya khalee bhaganche udyane aanee khelachya maidananmadhye rupantar kele jaau shakate jeey adhunmadhun yenare puur sahan karoo shakatat. vikaskanni vadalache paanee jagevarach thevane aavashyak aahe aanee imarati unchavane, purbhintyanni aanee tatbandine sanrakshit karane kinwa tatpuratya puracha samna karnyasathi rachana karane aavashyak aahe yasathi adhyadesh sweekarle jaau shakatat. malmatteche malak tyanchya imaratitoon panyacha pravah door karnyasathi tyanchya malmatteche punha landscaping karane aanee raine baryl, sump pump aanee check volve basavane yasarkhya upayayojananmadhye dekhil guntavanuk karoo shakatat.
kahee bhagat, puur niyantran karanansathi vishisht prajatinchi (jase qee beaver) upasthiti fayadeshir tharoo shakate. beaver baandh bandhatat aanee tyanchi dekhbhal karatat jyamule naditoon khalee khalee puur latanchi unchi qamee hoil (musaldhar pavasachya kalat) aanee dharananjavalil kirkol purachya (anekada shetjaminivar) kimmatit manvi sanrachananche nuksan qamee hoil kinwa nasht hoil. yashivay, teey vanyajivanchi sankhya vadhavtat aanee pradushakanche (khat, khate, galoon takanare) galan karatat. brittonche paryavaran mantri rebekka pouu yanni sangitale qee bhavishyat beaver heey 'sarvajanik kalyan' manale jaau shakatat aanee jamindaranna tyanchya jaminivar thevanyasathi paise dile jaatil.
puur suraksha niyojan.
americet, rashtriy hawaman seva purasathi "mage valoon, budu nakaa" assa sallah dete; mhanje, lokanni purgrast bhagatoon baher padave, too olandanyacha prayatna karnyaivaji, ashee shifaras kelee jaate. sarvat moolbhut staravar, puur jokhim kshetranvar kabja karnyachya fayadhyansah apekshit jokhim santulit kartana uchch-moolya vaparasathi uchch jameen shodhane heey puraviruddha sarvottam sanrakshn aahe. rugnalaye, aapatkalin-parichalan kendre aanee police, agnishaman aanee bachav seva yasarkhya gambhir samudayik-suraksha suvidha, puracha dhoka asalelya bhagat bandhalya pahijet. pulansarkhya jyaa sanrachana apariharyapane puur jokhim asalelya bhagat asavyat, tyaa puracha samna karnyasathi tayar kelya pahijet. puracha sarvadhik dhoka asalelya bhagancha maulyavan vapar keela jaau shakato, jeey tatpurte sodoon dile jaau shakatat, kaaran puur yenyachi shakyata asatana lock surakshit bhagankade valatat.
puur surakshechya niyojanamadhye vishleshan aanee abhiyantrikichya anek pailuncha samavesh aahe, jyat khaleel babincha samavesh aaheh
pratyek vishay vel, jaaga aanee tyat sahbhagi asalelya lokanmadhye vegvegalya vyapti aanee pramanasah vegale parantu sambandhit prashna sadar karato. kiman sahaa sahasrabdanpasun purgrast bhagat karyarat asaleli yantrana samajoon ghenyache aanee vyavasthapit karnyache prayatna kele jaat aahet.
united statesmadhye, rajya purbhumi vyavasthapakanchi sanghatana, puramule honare sadhyache aanee bhavishyatil nuksan, kharch aanee manvi dukkh qamee karnare shikshan, dhorane aanee upkram yanna protsahan denyasathi aanee purbhumichya naisargik aanee fayadeshir karyanche sanrakshn karnyasathi-serve pratikool parinam naan hota karya karate. united statesmadhil aapatti shamanasathi sarvottam sarav udaharanancha eka portfolio federal immergency management agencykadoon upalabdh aahe.
puur swachchata suraksha.
puranantarchya swachchatechya upkramanmule anekada kamgar aanee yaa prayatnat sahbhagi svayamsevkansathi dhoka nirman hoto. sambhavya dhokyanmadhye vidyut dhoke, carbon monoxidecha sampark, snayu-asthipanjaratil dhoke, ushnata kinwa thandicha taana, motar vahanashi sambandhit dhoke, aag, budane aanee dhokadayak samgrichya samparkat yene yancha samavesh hoto. purgrast aapatti sthale asthir asalyane, safsafai kamgaranna dhardar dande asalela kachara, purachya panyat jaivik dhoke, ughad jhalelya vidyut taar, rakt kinwa itar shariratil dravpadarth aanee prani aanee manvi avasheshancha samna karava lagoo shakato. puur aapattinche niyojan kartana aanee tyavar pratikriya detana, vyavasthapak kamgaranna kadak topya, chashma, avjad kamache hatmoje, jivanrakshak jakit aanee poladachya payachya botansah aanee payanchya payanchya tokansah paniband boot puravatat.
purachya mahitiche vishleshan.
100 varshancha puur aanee itar punaravrutti antaranchya puracha andaj lavnyasathi pravahachya pohochanyachya varshik kamal pravah darachya malikeche sankhyikeey vishleshan kele jaau shakate. jalshastriyadrushtya samaan pradeshatil anek thikananche samaan andaj heey pratyek jalnissaran jalnissaran mojata yenyajogya vaishishtyanshi sambandhit asoo shakatat, jenekarun thet vishleshanasathi pureshi mahitee naan deta pravahaparyant pohochanyasathi puur punaravrutti antarancha apratyaksh andaj lavta yeil.
vahinyanchya pohochanyachya bhautik prakriyeche namune samanyatah changlya prakare samajale jaatat aanee dilelya vahinyanchya paristhitisathi aanee purbhumichya nakashamadhye aanee puur vimyat vaparasathi, vishisht pravah darasathi, purachya kholichi aanee kshetrachi ganana karatat. yaulat, alikadil purache nirikshan kelele puur kshetra aanee vahinyanchi paristhiti pahata, eka model pravahachya darachi ganana karoo shakate. vividh sambhavya vahini sanrachana aanee pravah daranvar lagoo kelele, pohoch model sudharit vahinisathi ishtatam rachana nivadanyat yogdan deu shakate. 2015 paryant vividh pohoch models upalabdh aahet, ektar 1 dii models (vahinimadhye mojali jaanari puur patali) kinwa 2 dii models (purbhumichya vyaptimadhye mojali jaanari badalanari puur kholee). etch. eae. see.-aar. aii. ess. heey hydraulic abhiyantriki kendra model, sarvat lokpriy softwarepacky eka aahe, jarr teey vinamulya upalabdh aahe. nadiche pravah aanee sampoorn purbhumi yaa donhi thikani purachi kholee midvanyasathi tufflo sarkhya itar namunyanmadhye 1 dii aanee 2 dii ghatak ekatra kele jaatat.
sampoorn jalnirgaman mothyanchey bhautik prakriya namune aanakhi guntaguntiche aahet. jaree anek prakriya eka tappyavar kinwa chhotya kshetrasathi changlya prakare samajalya gelya asot, itar serve patalyanvar changlya prakare samajalya jaat naheet aanee samanya kinwa atyant havamanatil prakriyetil parasparsanvad adnyat asoo shakatat. mothyatiilaw pratikruti samanyatah pohochanyachya pratikrutinchya malikesah jameen-prushthbhagavaril prakriya ghatak (vahinyaparyant kitee paus kinwa burf vitalato yacha andaj ghenyasathi) ekatra karatat. udaharanarth, jaree vadalachi punaravrutti kalavadhi kvachitach sambandhit purachya barobarichi asali, taree taree model 100 varshanchya vadalacha parinam houu houu pravah hydrographchi ganana karoo shakate. panthal pratikruti samanyatah puur andaj aanee chetavani, tasech jameen vapar badal aanee hawaman badalachya parinamanchya vishleshanasathi vaparlya jaatat.
pursthiticha andaj.
puur yenyapurvi andaj lavalyane savadhgiri balgane aanee lokanna savadh karane shakya hote jenekarun teey pursthitisathi aadhich tayar rahoo shaktil. udaharanarth, shetkari sakhal bhagatoon prani kadhoon takoo shakatat aanee garaj bhasalyas sevancha marg badalanyasathi upayukt seva aapatkalin tartudi karoo shakatat. aapatkalin seva, aapatkalin paristhiti udbhavalyas tyala pratisad denyasathi veleaadhi pureshi sansadhane upalabdh karoon denyachya tartudi dekhil karoo shakatat. lock purgrast bhag rikame karoo shakatat.
jalmargansathi pursthiticha sarvat achook andaj lavnyasathi, pravahatil pravahacha mageel mojalelya pavasachya ghatananshi sambandh asalelya aitihasik mahitichi dirgh kalavadhichi malika asane sarvottam aahe. puracha achook andaj lavnyasathi yaa aitihasik mahitila panlot kshetratil mothya kshamatechya vastavik velechya dnyanasah jodane, jase qee jalashayatil atirikt kshamata, bhujal patali aanee kshetrachya jalbhrutinche praman yanche praman, heey dekhil aavashyak aahe.
pavasache radar andaj aanee samanya havamanacha andaj lavnyachi tantre heey dekhil pursthiticha changla andaj lavnyache mahattvache ghatak aahet. jyaa bhagat changlya darjachi mahitee upalabdh aahe, tyaa bhagat purachi tivrata aanee unchicha andaj andaj changlya achookatesah aanee bharpur lead times lavala jaau shakato. purachya andajanusar samanyatah panyachi kamal apekshit patali aanee jalmargachya bajoone pramukh thikani tyachya aagmanachi sambhavya vel asate aanee tyamule purachya sambhavya sankhyikeey paratavyachya kalavadhichi ganana dekhil karata yete. anek vikasit deshanmadhye, puracha dhoka asalelya shahari bhaganna 100 varshanchya purapasoon sanrakshn dile jaate-mhanje konatyahi 100 varshanchya kalavadhit sumare 63 takke puur yenyachi shakyata aahe.
yuu. nusar.ess. massatucets tounton yetheel rashtriy hawaman seva (aine. doubleu. ess.) ishanya nadee andaj kendra (aar. eff. see.), shahari bhagatil purachya andajasathi eka angatha niyam assa aahe qee abhedya prushthbhagavar panyache lakshaniy talav suru karnyasathi sumare eka tasachya kalavadhit kiman paus padato. anek aine. doubleu. ess. aar. eff. see. niyamitpane achanak puur yenyache margadarshan aanee mukhya panyache margadarshan jaaree karatat, jeey mothya panyachya mothyanmadhye achanak puur yenyasathi kinwa puur yenyasathi alpavadhit alpavadhit pavasache samanya praman darshavtat.
united statesmadhye, real-time hydrological computer modelingsathi ekatmik drushtikon yuu. ess. madheel nirikshan kelelya detacha vapar karato.ess. bhoogarbhiy sarvekshan (yuu. ess. jee.), vividh sahkari nirikshan jaale, vividh svayanchalit hawaman sanvedak, aine. oo. aii. aii. rashtriy karyarat jalshastriy remot sensing center (aine. oo. aar. ess. see.), vividh jalvidhyut kampanya ii. dainandin kinwa aavashyak jalshastriy andaj tayar karnyasathi apekshit paus aanee/kinwa burf vitalanyachya parimanatmak parjanyaman andajasah (kyu. pii. eff.) ektrit kele jaate. aine. doubleu. ess. seent laurence sivechya kshetrapramane, america aanee canada yaa donhi deshanvar parinam nasht jalshastriy andajanvar paryavaran canadala dekhil sahkarya karate.
jaagtik puur dekhrekh pranali, "jee. eff. emm. ess.", heey eka sanganak sadhan aahe jeey jagbharatil puur paristhiticha nakasha banavate, jeey online upalabdh aahe. jagaat kuthehi asalele vaparkarte tyanchya bhagat puur kadhee yeu shakato heey nirdharit karnyasathi jee. eff. emm. ess. vaparu shakatat. jee. eff. emm. ess. nasachya pruthvi nirikshan upgrah aanee jaagtik parjanyaman mapan upgrah, "jee. pii. emm.". pasoon parjanyaman deta vaparte. jee. pii. emm. madheel parjanyaman mahitee jaminichya prushthbhagachya namunyasah ektrit kelee jaate jyamadhye vanaspati aachchadan, maticha prakar aanee bhupradesh yancha samavesh hoto, jeey heey nirdharit karate qee jaminivar kitee paanee bhijate aahe aanee pravahat kitee paanee vahat aahe.
vaparkarte jaagtik nakashavaril pratyek 12 kilometres gridpointver darr 3 tasanni paus, pravah, panyachi kholee aanee puur yanchi aakadevari pahoo shakatat. yaa mapdandansathicha andaj bhavishyatil 5 divasancha aahe. vaparkarte 1 kilometres resolutionmadhye puur nakashe (panyane jhakalele asalyacha andaj asalele bhag) pahanyasathi zoom inn karoo shakatat.
samaj aanee sanskruti.
mithak aanee dharm.
mahan, sanskruti nasht nasht purachya aakhyayika anek sanskratinmadhye vyapak aahet. daivi soodachya swarupat pursthitiche varnan dharmik granthanmadhye dekhil kele gele aahe. utpattiche puur varnan jyoo dharm, khrishchan dharm aanee islammadhye pramukh bhoomika bajavate.
vyutpatti.
puur" haah shabd junya ingraji "flooad" yaa shabdavarun aala aahe, joou german bhashanmadhye samanya aahe (german "basari", dutch "vload" chee tulana tyach moodapasoon qaraa jeey "flow, float" madhye disate; lattin "flockets", "fluman" shhee dekhil tulana qaraa), jyacha arth "panyacha pravah, bharati, panyane jaminicha ogh, puur, nohacha puur; paanee, nadee, samudra, laat," assa hoto. flooad' haah juna ingraji shabd proto-germanic 'floduz' (juna frisian 'flooad', juna norse 'floade', 'madhya dutch' vloate ', dutch' vloyd ', german' flut 'aanee gothick' floads 'haah shabd' floduz 'pasoon aala aahe)."

