
borala-papi

switzerlandmadhil lemonchya cantonmadhye februwari teey meey 1802 darmyan helvatic republickchya kalat jhalelya lokpriy bandala borala-papi heey naav denyat aale. 1798 chya french aakramananantar radd karnyat aalele saranjami haqq aanee curr punarsanchayit karnyachya pratisadat haah uthav jhaala. borala-papine aata canton dii woud mhanoon olakhalya jaananya bhagatil killyanmadhun sangrah japt kele, jeey tyanni konachya malkichya nondi nasht karnyachya prayatnat jaalale, jyamule curr gola karane ashakya jhaale.
1802 chya unhalyat, madat karananya prajasattakachya sarkarne bolavalelya vishesh nyayadhikaranane bandkhoranchya netyanna fashichi shiksha sunavali hotee, parantu tyanantar lagechach tyanna maafee denyat aalee. tyach velee, madhyasthichya kayadyane sampoorn deshasathi radd karnyachya kahee mahinyanpurvi, cantonmadhil serve saranjami adhikar radd karnyat aale.
naav.
borala-papi" () heey naav arpitan moolche aahe; bandachya kalat kelelya asankhya krutyanchya sandarbhat ingrajimadhye yacha arth "burn-papers" assa hoto. naav lihinyachi hii paddhat junya lekhan-pranaliche pratinidhitva karate aanee aaj arpitanmadhye 'borala-pappiers' vaparale jaate.
parshvabhoomi.
aata jyaa canton auph vaudcha pradesh aahe too 16 vya shatkapasoon burnchya sarvbhaumatvakhali hota, eka samant pradesh mhanoon saranjami adhikar aanee dashanshasarkhya sambandhit karanchya adheen hota. 18 vya shatkat asantosh vadhu lagla aanee laa harp sarkhya prabhavshali vadoi deshbhaktanni tyanna burnchya niyantranatun mukt karnyasathi french madat magitali.
1798 madhye ekach velee anek ghatana samore aalya. besal pieter oxchya madhyamatoon french nirdeshikela pathimbyachi vinanti karat hota aanee 13 janewari roji tyane bund kele. kahee divasannantar vaudoyanni alpakalin lemonic prajasattak ghoshit karoon tyanchi swatachi kranti suru kelee aanee punha francechi madat magitali. nirdeshikene general phillip roman menard yanchya netrutvakhali eka sainya pathavun pratisad deela, jeey 28 janewari roji switzerlandmadhye dakhal jhaale. madat karnari kranti lagechach jawalchya cantonmadhye pasarali aanee 8 mahinyant swis mahasangh kosalala, jyachya jaagi samatavadachya tattvavar aadharit kendrikrut sarkar aale. 1798chya uttaradhat june saranjami adhikar radd karnyat aale.
naveen helvatic prajasattak asthiratene chinhankit kele gele. salag jhalelya uthavanchya malikanni sarkarnantar sarkar ulthavoon takale aanee done mukhya gut, ektavadi aanee sangharajyavadi yanchyat anek badal kele. pahile prajasattak aanee tyane aanalelya kendrikrut sarkarche samarthak hote. sangharajyavadi, tyapaiki barechjan junya kuleen vargache pratinidhi, junya swis mahasanghachya vikendrikrut rajya modelchya punarsanchayanasathi prayatna karat hote.
junya swis mahasanghachya sharanagatichya atinnusar francene mothya pramanat paise japt kele. yaa atinmadhye pudhe namood kele gele qee, madat karananya prajasattakala tyachya pradeshat tainat asalelya french sainyachya pathimbyasathi paise dyave lagale. parinami, rajyachi tijori rikami hotee. 1800 madhye, rajya arthsankalp punarsanchayit karnyasathi, sarkarne 1798 pasoon naan bharalelya serve saranjami karanchi magani kelee.
1800 aanee 1801 chya darmyan, madat karananya prajasattakasathi naveen sanvidhan lihinyache anek prayatna karnyat aale aanee naveen aavruttyanni badalalelya granthannusar anek sarkare sthapan karnyat aalee. sanvidhanacha anek masuda nepoliyankade punaravalokanasathi pathvanyat aala aanee tyane tyachi pasantichi aavrutti prasiddha kelee. tyanchya manjurichi purtata naan karata ghatanatmak aadharavar sanghatit kelelya antarim sarkaranna ulthavoon takna kahee uthavanmadhyehi tyanni madat kelee. akheris 1801 chya vasant rutumadhye eka majkuravar matdan jhaale. canton dii woudchya pradeshat (jyala tyaa velee canton du lehmann asey naav denyat aale hote), 35,000 patra matdaranpaiki 6,000 chya tulanet andaje 14,000 matanni too nakarla gela, parantu urvarit deshanpramanech 15,000 anupasthitanchi samarthan matey mhanoon ganana karnyat aalee.
saranjami karanchya punarrachanevaril asantosh aanee 1801chee rajyaghatna jyaa prakare sweekarli gelee, tyamule 1801chya darmyan canton du lemonchya loksankhyekadun pratikar vadhala. 1800chya vasant rutuchya suruvatila vadoi deshbhaktancha eka gut saranjamdar curr radd kele gele naheet tarr franceshee punarmilan helvatic prajasattakat rahnyapeksha shreyaskar aahe yaa kalpanevar charcha karnyasathi morchat jamala. hevetic prajasattakane tyaa yuktivadavar taba midavala aanee waudo deshbhaktancha nishedh keela, jyanni tyaa badalyat shastrastransathichya pahilya spasht aavahanache pratinidhitva karananya bhashanavar swakshari kelee. tyanchya bhashanat asey mhatale gele qee, samatavad, swatantrya aanee nyay yaa kalpananna samarthan denanya swees rashtrashi tyanna sakhol sambandh asalyache vatale, parantu sarkar asanvaidhanik asalyache tyanni spasht kele.
24 november 1800 roji bhashan jaaree karnyat kinwa prakashit karnyat sameel asalelya pratyekacha nishedh aanee atak karnyacha aarop sarkarne bernmadhil prefect polisavar keela hota. lagechach, 100 hoon adhik nagrik aanee anek shahare aanee gavantil pratinidhi lekhak asalyacha dawa karnyasathi pudhe aale. tathapi, rajya vakeel, august pedox aanee cantonal nyayalayanni tyanchyavar khatala chalavanyas nakar deela aanee asha prakare tyanchi jaaga ghenyat aalee, jyamule lokpriy asantosh vadhala. pudhil aathvadyanmadhye, adhikadhik lock heey bhashan lihinyacha dawa karoon pudhe aale aanee polyerne shantata punarsanchayit karnyasathi french sainyachya pathimbyachi vinanti kelee.
lunevilchya tahane, jyane aupcharikpane helvatic prajasattakala swatantra pradesh mhanoon sthapit kele, bernmadhil sattecha samtol sangharajyavadikade halavanyacha dushparinam jhaala. anek aavajanni junya, 1798 purvichya aadeshachya punarsanchayanasathi yachika upasthit karnyas suruvat kelee, jyat dusya shabdant, canton du lemanmadhye, vaudche burnshey punarmilan samavisht aahe. bonapartne matra asha kruteela aapala purnapane virodh asalyache thampane vyakt kele hote. jyanni tyanchi matey sangitali hotee tyanchyavar khatala chalvinyachya soochana prefect polisala denyat aalya hotya, parantu tyaa sandarbhat farse kahee kele gele nahee. aatachya sangharajyavadi-pravan sarkarne, alois wonn reddingchya netrutvakhali, visheshtah ektavadi aanee vadoi deshbhaktanviruddha anek pavale uchalali, ektavadi chhavanila pathimba denyasathi olakhalya jaananya gavanmadhye french sainya tainat asalyachi khatri karoon ghetali aanee parat curr vasool karnyacha pathpurava keela.
bandkhori.
janewari 1802 madhye, anek lahan cantonmadhil deshbhakt (ektavadi) 1798 chee kranti sangharajyavadyanni purvavat kelee nahee yachee khatri karnyache marg shodhanyasathi argaumadhye bhetale aanee 1802 chya vasant rutusathi naveen uthav karnyacha cutt aakhanyas suruvat kelee. yaa naveen uthavasathi anek krutee aakhanyat aalya aanee done vado pratinidhi tyanchya gharee paratalyanantar, doot gavagavi jaaun junya rajvatichya chinhanvirodhat lokancha rosh bhadkavale. heey prayatna spashtapane nyayadhikarananchya anek sadasyanni chalavale hote, jyanna 1800 chya pattyanantar badalanyat aale hote, jase qee claude mandrot kinwa majee cantonal nyayadhish potrat.
akheris, 19 februwari 1802 chya sandhyakali, jamav jamala aanee laa sarrazchya killyavar chhapa takala, aajubajuchya kshetrasathi dey asalelya karanchi yadee asalele sangrah japt kele aanee jaalale, heey samajoon gheuun qee kaay dey aahe aanee konakadun aahe heey sthapit karananya kagadpatranshivay konatahi curr aakarla jaau shakat nahee. kosonechya up-pradhyakshane namood kele qee chhape mothya sankhyene lokanni kadhale hote aanee tyanni serve kagadpatre aanee maulyavan prashasakeey kagadpatre gheuun, parantu serve kautumbik nondi jaagi sodoon, sangrahadvare kramvari lavnyasathi vel ghetala hota. 
prefect polisane 20 tarkhela yaa ghatanancha nishedh keela aanee chhapyamagil gunhegaranna olakhanyas madat karananya konalahi bhareev bakshis denyat aale asale taree, nyayalayanni anek dozen lokanchi chaukashi kelee, parantu tyat konatehi yash aale nahee. 18 march roji, polyerla kalavanyat aale qee biyerchya killyavar ashach prakare chhapa taknyat aala aahe, parantu imarat byanch kalapasoon sodoon denyat aalee asalyane, chhapa nemke kevha padala heey tharvane shakya navhate. punha bakshise dilee gelee aanee lock tyakade durlaksh karat hote. 
jaree kooch anyatha shant rahile asale taree, aprilchya suruvatila niyojit asalelya bandachya afava pasaru lagalya aanee poliyarchya ishanyankade bahutek vela helvatic republickchya sarkarne laksh dile nahee, tarr atirikt french sainya sarvat uttejit jilhyanmadhye tainat karnyat aale hote.
cantonchi rajdhani lauzanne yethe 1 meey roji chhapa takanyache niyojan karnyat aale hote, parantu eka gairsamajamule teey apayashi tharleh bandkhoranchya kahee bhagacha assa vishvas hota qee teey 30 april roji 1 laa chhapa taknyasathi ekatra yenar aahet, tarr itaranna vatale qee teey 1 laa ekatra yenar aahet. 1 tarkhela sakali tyanchi sankhya khoop qamee aadhalalyane jamav shantatet vikhurla. matra, tyanantarchya kahee divasant tyanni luzenjavalachya grameen bhagat punha ekatra yeu lagale. itihaskar yujeen monodchya matey, 1798 chya uthavat sakriy asalelya capton louis remandla keval yach kshani chalvalicha drishyaman neta banavanyat aale.
cantonchya bahutansh gavanmadhye borala-papiche gut jamoo lagale, tevha abhilekhanvar jordar chhape taknyas suruvat jhaali. meey 1 chya darmyan, anek killyanmadhun kagadpatre japt karnyat aalee aanee morge, yverdon, natoo aanee rolls jaalanyat aalee. prantadhikanyanchya vadhatya chintechya tippanyanna pratisad mhanoon, helvatic republickchya sarkarne shevati eka synet sadasyala kuhn purn shaktishali banavale aanee tyala luzenla pathavale, jithe too 7 meey roji pohochala. tyanchya prarambhik mulyankanane chalvaliche mahatva qamee lekhale. 8 tarkhela sakali, borala-papi punha luzenvar ekatra yeu lagla aanee jevha kuhnane alarm vajavala, tevha keval 15 sainikanni pratisad deela.
kuhnala andaje 3,000 remandchya bandkhorancha samna karava lagla, jyanchya virodhat tyachyakade keval 400 french sainikanchi tukadi hotee, jyanpaiki kahee adhikari vadoi karyabaddal sahanubhooti darshavit asalyache mhatale jaat hote. kuhnane punha bhet ghetali aanee tyachya atty vicharlya; punha saranjami curr radd karanyachi aanee samanya mafichi magani kelee. tyanchya vataghati sampalyanantar borala-papi shaharabaheril tyanchya sthananvar paratale aanee kuhn tyanchya maganya gheuun burnla gele.
sarkarne punha paristhiticha, visheshtah lokpriy bhavnechi takad aanee balacha vapar karoon sankat sodavanyasathi kitee qamee sainya upalabdh hote yacha chukicha andaj lavala. kuhnala bandkhoranchya maganya nakarnyachya soochana denyat aalya hotya, parantu luzanla paratalyavar tyane samanya maafee denyache aanee swatachya adhikaravar serve saranjamdar curr radd karnyache aashvasan dile. adhik durgam jilhyanmadhye suru asalele dainandin chhape thambale aanee chalval visarjit jhaali.
mechya pahilya 12 divasant, chhavanitil bahutansh abhilekhan jaloon khaq jhaale hote; keval luzen aanee aanakhi kahee durgam bhag achhoote rahile. kuhnane andaj vartavala qee tyachya niyantranakhali asalelya 1,300 helvatic aanee french sainyachya sanyukt sainyachya tulanet, bandkhoranchi sankhya 4,000-5,000 hotee.
parinam.
13 meey roji burnla ravana houn kuhnane konatihi savalat denyas adhikrutpane nakar deela. tarihi borala-papi saranjami rajvaticha ant aanee maafee yaa donhi goshti midvanyat yashasvi jhalya asalyachya afava jawalchya cantainsmadhye pasaru lagalya aanee kahee divasannantar tyanchya krutee punha karnyacha prayatna freeberg cantainsmadhye suru jhaala. tyachya jaanyanantar, naveen uthav punha suru houu naye yasathi kuhnane aaplya sainyache vibhajan kele aanee tyanna chhavanichya pradeshat pasaravale.
meey mahinyachya akheris, sarkarne kuhnachya jaagi lantherchi jaaga ghetali, jyane tabadtob ughadpane shastre balganyavar bandee ghalanyachi ghoshana kelee. tyach velee, tyanni asehi jaheer kele qee urvarit saranjami padavya vikat ghetalya jaatil aanee hii prakriya janewari 1803 paryant purn kelee jaeel. asha prakarchi kharedi vyavharat tyaa padavya aanee sambandhit karanna radd karel, parantu paratfed chhavanidware kelee jaanar hotee qee shetkyandvare heey aspasht rahile. spashtatechya abhavamule grameen bhag santapt rahila aanee pudhil kahee aathvadyant sarkarne loksankhyevar kadakpane niyantran thevanyache aadesh dile.
meey mahinyachya akheris, borala-papi yashasvi jhalya asalyachya itar cantonmadhye pasarana afavanchya pratisadat, helvetic ripablikane borala-papivar khatala chalvanyasathi vishesh nyayadhikaran tayar karnyache aadesh dile, jeey keval itar cantonchya nagarikanni tayar kele hote. naveen nyayadhikaran sthapan honyas anek aathvade lagale, tarr borla-papiche pramukh, remonds, francemadhye paloon gele. julai 1802 madhye tyanchya anupasthitit tyanna aanee itar anekanna fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee.
tyach velee, lunevilchya tahanusar serve french sainya swees pradeshatoon mage hutley. tyanchya jaanyane nirman jhalelya riktatemadhye, aanakhi eka, vyapak, bandkhor chalval, stecklickreg udayas aalee. francechya lashkari pathimbyapasun vanchit rahilelya helvatic prajasattakachya alokpriy sarkarcha 18 september 1802 roji burn yethe parabhav jhaala aanee teey luzenla paloon gele.
stacklickraig heey bahutek prajasattakchya kendrikrut sarkarla virodh karananya sangharajyavadi chalvalidware prerit hote, jyala pathimbyasathi borala-papikade valave lagale. helvatic prajasattakane vachanbaddha maafee dilee aanee 29 september roji hukumadware saranjamdar curr adhikrutpane radd kele.
aitihasik sanshodhan aanee sahitya.
1800 aanee 1801 madhye nirman jhalela shetkari asantosh eksandh deshbhaktanni rachala hota yavar ekmat asale taree tyanchi olakh hii andajancha srot rahili aahe. vishesh nyayadhikaranane suruvatilach tyacha nishedh keela asala taree lui remondla kadhihi eka pramukh vyaktipeksha jaast manale gele nahee. tarihi nyayadhikaranachya tapasat khyan bhadkavanancha kinwa bandkhoranna pathimba denanya paishacha srot ughad karnyat apayash aale. 1950 madhye, itihaskar rene secreton yanni kalantarane kelelya vividh andajanche dastaivajikaran kele parantu 1802 madhye dekhil pratyekjan gup rahila hota yakade laksh vedhale.
saranjami karanchya virodhat heey aandolan karnyat aale hote yachee adhikanyanna pureshi jaaniv asalyache disate. udaharanarth, itihaskar yujeen monode namood karato qee april 1802 chya suruvatila, up-prantadhishanpaiki ekane sallah deela hota qee tyanchi nirmulan haah "shantata punarsanchayit karnyacha ekmev marg" asel.
charles-ferdinand ramuz yanchya 1942 salchya 'laa guerrey auks pappiers' yaa kadambarichi parshvabhoomi mhanoon daad borala-papine kaam kele.