samoohik olakh

samoohik olakh kinwa gut olakh hii ekhadya gatashi sambandhit asalyachi samayik bhavna aahe. hii sankalpana kahee samajik vidnyan kshetranmadhye disun yete. 20 vya shatkat lakshaniyaritya vikasit jhaleli rashtriy olakh heey eka pramukh udaharan aahe, jaree asankhya gut astitvat aahet jeey asmitechi bhavna samayik karatat. anek samajik sankalpana kinwa ghatananpramane, teey tayar kele jaate, anubhavjanyapane paribhashit kelele nahee. yaa kshetranmadhil tyachi charcha anekada atyant shaikshanik asate aanee tee tee shatkapasoon suru jhalelya tyachya itihasashi sambandhit asate. 
samajshastrat.
1989 madhye, alberto meluchi yanni 'vartamanache bhatkya' prakashit kele, jyat 1980 chya dashkatil samajik chalvalinchya abhyasavar aadharit tyanchya samoohik olakhichya namunyachi olakh karoon dilee gelee. meluchine aaplya kalpana tourine (1925-) aanee pizorno (1924-2019) yanchya lekhanavar aadharit kelya, visheshtah tyanchya kalpana anukrame samajik chalvali aanee samoohik krutivar aadharit hotya.
alberto meluchi lihitatah "samoohik olakh hii anek vyaktinni (kinwa adhik jatil staravar gatanni) tayar keleli parasparsanvadi aanee samayik vyakhya aahe aanee krutichi disha aanee jyaa sandhee aanee nirbandhanchya kshetrat krutee hote tyachyashi sambandhit aahe". samoohik krutee kasha tayar hotat aanee vyakti prerana kashee shodhatat yaa siddhantanmadhil antaramule asamadhani, meluchi madhyavarti prakriya paribhashit karate, jyamadhye vyakti olakhatat qee teey kahee vishisht disha samayik karatat aanee tyaa aadharavar ekatra kaam karnyacha nirnay ghetat. teey samoohik olakh hii eka ashee prakriya manatat jee kalantarane teen bhagansah vataghati kelee jaateh sandnyanatmak vyakhya, sakriy sambandh aanee bhavnik guntavanuk.
meluchi, tyanchya 'samoohik olakhichi prakriya' yaa likhanat samajik chalvalinche spashtikaran denyasathi eka upayukt vishleshanatmak sadhan mhanoon samoohik olakh asalyacha yuktivad karatat. heey keval netrutva model, vichardhara kinwa sanvad paddhati yasarkhya samoohik abhinetyachya pranalitil prakriyanna sambodhit karat nahee tarr sahkari aanee spardhkanshi bahya sambandh dekhil sambodhit karate jeey serve samoohik abhinetyala aakar detat. teey pudhe sangatat qee samajik vidnyan sanshodhan kshetrachya vegwan vikasadarmyan, aupcharik sansthanpeksha vegalya aadhunik samoohik kruticha vikas adhik changlya prakare samajoon ghenyas heey madat karoo shakate. yavyatirikt, teey samoohik gatanna paddhatshir samoohik banavate, vichardharechya ghatak kinwa vishisht gatancha virodh kinwa gaurav karoo karoo paribhashit sadhya mulyanchya sanchanna navhe. sangharsh vishleshanasathi, haah farak vishleshanachi bhasha aanee swaroop purnapane badaloo shakato.
samajik manasshastrat.
samajik manasshastradnyanna olakh aanee vyaktimatva yaa sankalpananmadhye suruvatipasunach rus hota, george miid yanchya karyaparyant tyacha magova ghetala. tyanchya siddhantanni vaiyaktik olakh aanee samaj yanchyatil sambandhanvar laksh kendrit kele. too samaj aanee olakh yanchyatil kombadi aanee andey yanchyatil sambandh siddha karato. aadhipasoon astitvat asaleli samajik rachana aanee paristhiti ekhadya vyaktichi olakh ghadavatat, jee tyaa badalyat itaranshi sanvad sadhate aanee naveen aanee udayonmukh samajik sanrachanela aakar dete.
adhik samkalinpane, poleta aanee jasper yanni samoohik olakhichi vyakhya "vyapak samuday, shreni, pratha kinwa sanstheshi vyaktiche sandnyanatmak, naitik aanee bhavnik sambandh" ashee kelee.gatachi samoohik olakh anekada gatachya sanskruti aanee paramparandware vyakt kelee jaate. olakhiche mool gatachya aatoon kinwa gatachya baheroon asoo shakate, parantu shevati, gatachya sadasyanni olakh swikarlyavarach samoohik olakh tayar hote. samoohik olakhichi vyakhya jaree eka swa-kendriya sankalpana mhanoon kelee gelee asali taree, tee vichardhara, prerana aanee vaiyaktik olakh yasarkhya sankalpananpasun tyachya farkavar bharr detat.
samajik olakh siddhant kinwa swayam-vargikaran siddhant yanchyashi gondhal houu naye, samoohik olakh sampoorn gatachya olakhivar kendrit asate, tarr itar siddhant ekhadya vyaktichya gatashi asalelya sambandhanchya olakhivar kendrit asatat. 2013 paryant.
paramparik samajik manasshastradnyanchya ulat, lakshaniy sankhyene viveki sanshodhakanni heey dakhavun dile aahe qee sanshodhanat samoohik olakh hii aapan jeey aahot tyapeksha aapan nirman karato ashee gosht manali pahije. lock pravachanadvare vishisht gatache sadasya mhanoon nivadle jaane nirman karatat, swikartat, virodh karatat heey suu vidikombe yanni dakhavun dile aahe. tine dakhavun dile qee samoohik olakh hii donhi uddishte tasech pudhil uddishte sadhya karnyache sadhan aahe. yuddhat samoohik olakh haah eka mahattvacha vishay aahe. sashastr sangharshanchya sandarbhat tyanchya dukkhanchi tasech tyanchya sthitichi jaaniv karoon denyasathi lock vishisht gatache sadasya mhanoon swatahla tayar karatat aanee sadar karatat. karatat gatala dusht banavane aanee amanavikaran karane hii tyachya malkichya lokanna haanee pohochavane nyayya tharvanyasathi purvat aahe.
rajkiy vidnyanat.
vargabhavanechya marksvadi sankalpana rajkiy samoohik olakhichya eka swarupache mool manale jaau shakatat. vargachi olakh tyachi moolye aanee hitsambandhanshi jodaleli hotee aanee tyat ekatmata samavisht hotee. ekjutichi hii kalpana emil durkhem yanni samayik kelee aahe, joou assa yuktivad karato qee samoohik olakh samayik naitikta aanee uddishtandvare vyaktinmadhye bandh nirman karnyas madat karate. max webarne 1922 madhye maranottar prakashit jhalelya tyachya 'economy andd society' yaa pustakat, markschya nirmitivaril laksh kendrit karnyavar teeka kelee aanee tyaeivaji varg, darja aanee paksh heey samoohik olakhiche teen srot aahet asey suchavale. 1948 chya manavadhikaranchya sarvatrik ghoshanet aadhalalyapramane, manvi hakkanchya niyamanche ullanghan karnare kinwa tyanna uttejan denare samoohik olakh model heey manavteviruddhachya gunhyanshi sambandhit samoohik/rajkiy vikrutishastrache abhivyakti aahet.
alekzandar vendt heey rachnatmak rajkiy siddhantavaril tyanchya lekhanasathi prasiddha aahet, jyamadhye samoohik olakh hii pramukh bhoomika bajavate kaaran olakh haah aantarrashtriy kramvarit rajyanchya bhoomiketil eka pramukh nirnayak ghatak aahe. tyancha drushtikon deshantargat aanee aantarrashtriy staravar gut aanee vaiyaktik olakh yavar kendrit aahe. aantarrashtriy vyavastheche spashtikaran aanee varnan karnyasathi samoohik olakhicha haah vapar haah rachanatmakatecha aadhar aahe. rachnatmakteche samajik charchanvar laksh kendrit aahe, jyamule hii olakh nirman hote, jee keval deshala samoohik abhineta mhanoon navhe tarr sambhavya yuteela samoohik gut mhanoon niyukt karate. deshanna ekatra gatbaddh karoon, ektar tyanchya swatachya nirnayadvare kinwa truteey pakshandvare, naveen yutee kinwa gut tyanna niyukt kelelya samoohik olakhidvare tayar hotat, jaree kadhikadhi heey kaam chukichya dwaiti gatanvar aadharit asale tarihi. gatbaddhatechi achookata kahihi asali taree, yaa deshanna ektrit karnyachya krutimulech aantarrashtriy pranali tyanchyakade kase pahate aanee asha prakare vagate yavar parinam hoto, jyachya badalyat deshanna aantarrashtriy staravar tyanchya samaan sthitichya drushtine ekmekanshi olakh nirman hote. aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhil samoohik olakhivar pudhe kaam richard need lebo yanni kele aahe, jyanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee rajye swatahla aanee itaranna rajyanchya samoohik shakti gatanche bhag mhanoon pahatat, jase qee vadhatya aanee aanee satta, aanee fakt tyanchya vishisht shakti gatanshi sambandhit asanyachya kinwa itaranmadhye rahanyachi ichcha yaa tyanchya shaktichya sthitichya 'vastav' chee parva naan karata, itar rajyanshi tyanchya sanvadavar parinam karate.
utkranti karya.
joseph jordnia suchavale qee manvi utkrantichya itihasat samoohik olakh hii hominids aanee suruvatichya manavanchya sharirik astitvasathi mahattvapoorn hotee. vaiyaktik hominids heey swatahun shikari pranyanpasun bachav karnyasathi khoop kamkuvat aanee santh hote, jaganyasathi sarvat gambhir kshananmadhye (shikariche halle, ladhau paristhiti, nashwar dhoka) manav chetanechya badalalelya sthiteet pravesh karatat jithe tyanna bheeti aanee vedna vatat naheet, tyanchya gatatil itar sadasyanchya vartanavar prashna vicharat naheet aanee utkrantichya adhik mahattvachya atee-samanvit uddishtansathi (mhanje.eae. mulanche kinwa gatache astitva). kadhikadhi manavanna yaa gambhir kshananchi aathvan nasate. tanavpurn aathvaninchya anupasthitis mansik smrutibhransh mhanatat. jordnianusar, mothya gatanmadhye taal palanyachi, susanvadat ekatra ganyachi, anek taas nachanyachi aanee paramanandit avasthet pravesh karanyachi manvi kshamata, tasech sharirchitrakalechi parampara heey serve pahilya sarvatrik vidhiche bhag hote. heey pramukhyane pratyek gut-sadasyachya majjatantu kriyakalapanna (majjatantu-rasayananchya muktatedware) samkramit karnyache sadhan mhanoon vikasit kele gele hote, jenekarun samoohik olakhichya sthiteet pohochata yeil, jyala pargaman asehi mhanatat. yaa sthiteet gatachya jaganyachya garja vaiyaktik jaganyachya antahpreranevar maat karoo shakatat.

