
sivusagur ramgulam

surr sivusagur ramgulam (18 september 1900-15 december 1985; anekada chacha ramgulam kinwa ess. ess. aar. mhanoon olakhale jaanare) heey mauritiousche vaidya, rajkarani aanee rajkarani hote. tyanni betache ekmev mukhyamantri, pahile pantpradhan aanee pachve governor-general mhanoon kaam kele.
deshache sansthapak mhanoon tyanna sarvatra olakhale jaate. 1956 madhye gaay rosemontchya mrutyunantar, ramgulam 1985 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant maurishuschya kamgar pakshacha neta banala aanee 1968 madhye deshala swatantrya midvoon dile.
surr sivusagur ramgulam yancha mulga dow. navinchandra ramgulam heey mauritiousche tisare aanee pachve pantpradhan hote.
prarambhik jeevan.
kewal mhanoonahi olakhale jaanare surr sivusagur ramgulam yancha janm 18 september 1900 roji mauritiousmadhil flake jilhyatil bele rive yethe eka hindu indo-mauritian kutumbat jhaala. tyache vadil, mohit ramgulam, jyanna mohit mahato asehi mhanatat, heey biharchya bhojpur jilhyatil eka bharatiy sthalantarit majur hote. bhojpur jilhyatil harigaon gavatil (tyachya vadiloparjit gavatil) lokanchya matey, ramgulam heey koeri jaatiche hote, matra tyanchya kurmi jatishi sambandhit asanyacha dekhil dawa keela jaato. 1896 madhye 'hindusthan' navachya jahajane vayachya 18 vya varshi mohit mauritiousla aala. tyacha motha bhau ramalocharn, tyachya sampattichya shodhat biharchya bhojpur jilhyatil harigaon heey mool gaav sodoon paradeshat gela hota. mohitane kararbaddha majur mhanoon kaam kele aanee nantar queen victoria sakhar estatemadhye sardar (paryavekshak) banala. 1898 madhye jevha tyanni basmati ramchoorn yanchyashi lagn kele, tevha teey bele riv sakhar estatemadhye gele. basmati hii maurishasmadhye janmaleli eka tarun vidhva hotee. teela aadhich done mule hotih nakchadi hiramun aanee ramlal ramcharn.
ramgulamchi suruvatichi payari bharatiy sanskruti aanee tattvadnyan asalelya bhojpurimadhye, parisaratil sthanik sandhyakalchya shalet (mauritian hindu bhashet 'baitka' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya) hotee, jithe hindu samajatil mule sthanik bhasha aanee hindu sanskratichi zalak shikat asat. shikshak (guruji) prathna aanee ganee shikavat asat. sanskrut prathna aanee 'ved', 'ramayan', 'upanishad' aanee 'bhagvadgita' yasarkhya pavitra shastranmadhun ghetaleli barmahi moolye dekhil shikavali gelee.
tyane shejarchya aar. madhye nondani kelee.see.aaa. (roman catholic sahayyit) shaala, maddam sirisdware tyachya aaichya nakalat chalavali jaate. tyanni itihas, bhoogol, ingraji aanee french shikale. purv-prathamik shaala sodalyanantar, sahavi iyatta uttirn hoiparyant too railwayne pravas karoon bail air sarkari shalet gela. vayachya satvya varshi ramgulamne tyache vadil gamavale aanee vayachya baravya varshi tyala eka goshalet gambhir apghat jhaala jyamule tyacha dawa dolha kharab jhaala. tyane tyache kaka, harry parsad sivudhari buguth, eka shapath ghetalelya bhoo sarvekshak, yanchyasobat curepipemadhye basoon curepipe mulanchya sarkari shalet shishyavrutti varg suru thewala. sthanik rajkaranavar aanee mahatma gandhi, jawaharlal nehru aanee rush bihari boses yanchya netrutvakhali bharatiy swatantryasathichya sadhyachya sangharshavar tyanche kaka aanee tyanche mitramandal yanchyatil rajkiy charcha teey aikayache. heey suruvatiche sambhashan anek varshannantar tyanchya rajkiy vishvasancha aadhar bananar hote. shishyavrutti varg, jeey nimn madhyamik shalecha aadhar banale, tyanni ramgulamla thet royal college, curepipe yetheel kanishth cambridgemadhye jaanyachi parvanagi dilee, jithe tyala aadaraniy pakshi aanee shree. harwood yansarkhya lokanni shikshan dile. madhyamik shalenantar, ramgulamne sansthemadhye varnabhed asoonahi nagri sevet 3 mahine kaam kele.
tyacha bhau ramlal yachya aarthik madatine ramgulam englandmadhye vaidyakeey shikshan suru karoo shakala. 1921 madhye, ramgulam sandeshavahinyanchya sagari jahajanpaiki eka jahajavar marcelsathi ravana jhaala aanee parismadhye done divasanchya sankramanasah tyache antim gantvyasthan londonla railwayne gela. french rajdhanit tyane andre guide aanee andre malerox yaa doghanchya pustakanchya pratee kharedi kelya, jyanchyashi tyane maitri kelee. tyanni londonchya university collegemadhun padvi prapt kelee aanee london school auph economixmadhye vyakhyananmadhye bhag ghetala.
kautumbik jeevan.
1939 madhye ramgulamne sushil ramjuravonashi lagn kele. tine tyanchi mulgi suneeta (aata suneeta joypaul) aanee tyancha mulga naveen ramgulam yala janm deela.
swatantryapurvichi rajkiy karkird.
1935 madhye londonmadhye vaidyakeey shikshan purn kelyanantar teey mauritiousla paratale aanee sivusagur yanni kararbaddha bharatiy majur aanee gulam africi lokanche vanshaj asalelya betachya bahusankhya loksankhyeche jeevan aanee kamachi paristhiti sudharanyasathi kaam kele. 1947 madhye ramgulam yanni kamgar pakshat pravesh keela. tyaveli paksh ajunahi tyache mool sansthapak emmanuel anquel, mauris curey, pandit sahadev, regnaden cvsen aanee mamod hassengy, jeane prospir, barthlemy ohsan, samuel barbe aanee godfroy mautia yanchya netrutvakhali hota, jyanni 1936 madhye pakshachi suruvat kelee. september 1940 madhye aanee dusya mahayuddhadarmyan teey lebber partychya vruttpatra 'advance' chya sansthapakanpaiki eka banale, jyane sarvatrik matadhikar, aarthik sudharana aanee samajik nyay yanche samarthan kele. ramgulamne 'thamb marqa II' yaa topananavane lekhanchi malika lihili, jyane betavaril prasthapit puranmatvadi sakhar alpasankhyakanna aavhan dile. bharatiy sanskrutik sanghatana' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya gatache adhyaksh mhanoonahi tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. sivusagur ramgulam dekhil dagadi bandhutvat sameel jhaala aanee 'loge deey laa tripple esperence' chaa sakriy sadasya hota.
1940 teey 1953 paryant teey poort louis yethe nivadoon aalele nagarpalika nagarsevak hote aanee 1956 teey 1960 paryant seva denyasathi punha nivadoon aale. tyanantar 1956 madhye teey poort-louische upmahapour mhanoon nivadoon aale aanee 1958 madhye poort louische laurd mahapour jhaale. sivusagur ramgulam yanni 1940 teey 1948 paryant vidhan parishadeche namankit sadasya mhanoon kaam kele. 1948 chya sarvatrik nivadnukanmadhye teey swatantra umedvar mhanoon pamplemoses-revear du rempartsathi vidhan parishadeche sadasya mhanoon nivadoon aale. 1953, 1959 (trikut) aanee 1967 (pamplemoses-trilet) madhye teey vidhan parishadevar punha nivadoon aale. 1948 aanee 1953 madhye tyanchi karyakari parishadeche sadasya mhanoonahi niyukti karnyat aalee. december 1956 madhye pamplemouses-triletche pahile aamdar honyapurvi 1951 teey 1956 paryant teey shikshanasathi sampark adhikari mhanoon kaam karnyasathi nagri sevet ruju jhaale. 1958 madhye vasahatvadi sarkarne tyanchi koshagar mantri sachiv mhanoon niyukti kelee.
march 1956 madhye gaay rosemontchya mrutyunantar tyanni 1959 teey 1982 paryant mauritian lebber partyche netrutva kele.
1961 saalee london yethe jhalelya ghatanatmak parishadet, maurishuschi party rashtrakulamadhye swatantryapeksha britainsobat ekikaran karnyachya bajoone hotee. parantu brittonne, tyaa velee, hongkong, gibraltar aanee focklands vagalata aaplya serve vasahati sodanyacha nirnay aadhich ghetala hota. kharey tarr, 1959 salapasoonach haah dye taknyat aala hota, jevha harrold mcmillanne tyache prasiddha 'aafrikevar vahanare badalache vaare' bhashan kele hote. 1963chya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar, maurishuschya pakshacha tatkalin up-neta getton duvalne punha brittenshee ekikaranasathi lobbing kele. parantu britishanni heey punha ekada nakarle, jyanni ekikaranala "mauritiousmadhil bahusankhya pakshanna jaree havey asale tarihi maurishassathi eka vyavharik prastav" manale nahee.
vasahatvadi karyalayachya dekharekhikhali ramgulam yanni 1961 teey 1965 paryant mukhyamantri aanee arthamantri mhanoon kaam kele, tyanantar 1965 teey 1968 paryant pantpradhan mhanoon kaam kele, 1968 madhye pantpradhan honyapurvi. 1963 madhye british puranmatvadi sarkarne tyanna maurishasmadhye sarvpakshiy sarkar sthapan karnyat madat kelee. 12 juuna 1965 roji ranichya vadhadivsachya sanmanarth tyanna night mhanoon sanmanit karnyat aale mhanoon tyanchya prayatnanna manyata midali.
1967 madhye tyanni sukdev bisundoyal (jeey sampoorn vasahatvad aanee serve mauritian pradeshanmadhun british prashasana hatavanyache samarthan karat hote) yanchya netrutvakhalil swatantra aaghadi gatala (aay. eff. bii.) aanee abdul razak mohammed yanchya netrutvakhalil (jyanni paristhitijanya hindu varchasva rokhanyachya prayatnat muslim aanee itar alpasankhyak samudayanchya sanrakshanasathi ghatanatmak hamisathi moheem rabavali) comitte dii action muslimanla (cam) swatantrya paksh (mauritious) sthapan karnyasathi sahkarya kele. 1967chya maurishuschya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar yaa yutimule akheris 1968 saalee gret britainpasoon swatantrya midale.
swatantryanantarchi rajkiy karkird.
1969 madhye tyanni getan duwal yanchya netrutvakhalil tyanchya pakshachya pratispardhi party mauritian soshal democrateshee (pii. emm. ess. dii.) yutee kelee. yaa yutimule ramgulamla tyacha majee sahkari aay. eff. bii. sarkarmadhun baher padalyanantarhi sattet rahnyas parvanagi midali. sukdev bisundoyalache aay. eff. bii. sadasya virodhi pakshat gele, tarr kahee aay. eff. bii. khasdaranni tyanchi mantri khaatee kayam thevanyasathi kamgar pakshat pravesh keela.
1973 madhye francene sivosagur ramgulamla 'grand officier dii laa ligion dii' aunar dii laa republic franchise 'yaa padavar badhati dilee. tyach velee tyacha rajkiy sahkari getan duwal yala 'commandier daad laa lijan dii' aunar 'karnyat aale.
1967 teey 1982 yaa kalat tyanchya vividh sarkaranchya kharab kamgirimule, tyancha paksh 1982 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit harla, jevha tyancha ekahi umedvar sansadet nivadoon aala nahee. tyanni tyanchi sansadiy jaaga gamavali jyamule kamgar pakshacha aanakhi hasad jhaala. tyanantar tyanni emm. ess. emm. navachya navyane sthapan jhalelya pakshala aanee tyanche majee emm. emm. emm. nete aniruddha jagannath yanna 1983 chya nivadanuka jinkanyasathi madat kelee. kamgar paksh haah emm. ess. emm.-lebber aaghadichya sarkarmadhye alpasankhyak paksh banala aanee ramgulam yanchi governor-general mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, jeey padd tyanni 1985 madhye tyanchya mrutyuparyant bhushavale. ramgulam heey surr satkam boolel yanni 1984 madhye kamgar pakshache nete mhanoon ghetale, jevha surr satkam boolel yanni 1982 chya nivadanukit jhalelya parabhavanantar naveen paksh 'mouvement deshbhakti mauritian' (emm. pii. emm.) chee sthapana karoon tyache netrutva kelyanantar kamgar pakshat paratale. boolel 1991 paryant kamgar pakshache adhyaksh rahile.
ramgulam heey 1976 teey 1977 yaa kalat african ekata sanghataneche adhyakshahi hote.
varsa aanee manyata.
mauritiousmadhil vividh rastyanvar aanee sarvajanik thikani surr sivusagur ramgulam (ess. ess. aar.) asey naav aahe, jase qee ess. ess. aar. vanaspati udyan, jyeshth nagarikansathi manoranjan kendra, ess. ess. aar. vaidyakeey mahavidhyalay, pamplemoses ess. ess. aar. rashtriy rugnalay (bund padalelya royal alfried vedhshalechya thikani), betacha mukhya vimantal, jyala purvi placence aantarrashtriy vimantal mhatale jayache aanee kewal nagar (purvi 'bele riv' mhanoon olakhale jaanare eka chhote gaav). maurishuschya pratyek nanyavar aanee 2000 rupayanchya sarvoch nanekharchavarhi tyache chitra aahe. surr sivusagur ramgulam vanaspati udyanat, poort louischya kaudan tatavar aanee bharatatil biharmadhil patana jawalil ess. ess. aar. chya purvajanchya gavatahi tyachi smarke aahet.