
atisar

atisar (,), aitihasikdrushtya raktaranjit pravah mhanoon olakhala jaanara, haah eka prakarcha jatharantrashoth aahe jyacha parinam raktaranjit atisarat hoto. itar lakshananmadhye taap, otipotat dukhane aanee apoorn shauch karanyachi bhavna yancha samavesh asoo shakato. guntaguntinmadhye nirjalikaran samavisht asoo shakate.
atisarache kaaran sahasa "shigella" vanshatil jivanu asatat, asha paristhitit tyala shigelosis kinwa amiba "entamoiba hystolytica" mhanoon olakhale jaate; mug tyala amoebiasis mhanatat. itar karananmadhye kahee rasayne, itar jivanu, itar protojoa kinwa parjivi krumee yancha samavesh asoo shakato. too lokanmadhye pasaru shakato. jokhamichya ghatakanmadhye kharab swachchatemule malane ann aanee paanee dooshit hone samavisht aahe. antarnihit yantranemadhye aatadyachi, visheshtah bruhadantrachi jaljal samavisht asate.
atisar rokhanyasathichya prayatnanmadhye jaast dhoka asalelya deshanmadhye pravas kartana haat dhune aanee annasuraksha upayancha samavesh hoto. hii sthitee samanyatah eka aathvadyachya aat swatach burry hote, taree tondawate punha paanee pinyache dravan yasarkhe purese dravpadarth pine mahatvache aahe. vikasansheel deshanmadhye pravasashi sambandhit prakarananvar upchar karnyasathi azithromycinsarkhya pratijaivikancha vapar keela jaau shakato. atisar qamee karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya loperamaidsarkhya aushadhanchi shifaras kelee jaat nasali taree, tyaa pratijaivikansah ekatra vaparlya jaau shakatat.
"shigella" mule darvarshi sumare 16.5 kotee atisarachi prakarane aanee 11 laakh mrutyu hotat, jyapaiki jawaljawal serve prakarane vikasansheel deshanmadhye aahet. kharab swachchata asalelya bhagat atisarachi jawaljawal ardhi prakarane 'entamoiba hystolytica' mule hotat. "entamoiba hystolytica" haah lakho lokanna prabhavit karato aanee parinami varshala 55,000 peksha jaast mrutyu hotat. heey samanyatah madhya aanee dakshin america, africa aanee ashiyachya qamee vikasit bhagat aadhalate. atisarache varnan kiman hippocrates kalapasoon kele gele aahe.
chinhe aanee lakshane.
atisaracha sarvat samanya prakar mhanje basilary atisar, joou samanyatah saumya aajaar asato, jyamule samanyatah otipotat saumya vedna aanee varanvar mall kinwa atisar hone ashee lakshane disun yetat. lakshane samanyatah 1-3 divasannantar disatat aanee sahasa eka aathvadyanantar tee astitvat nasatat. shauch karnyachya ichchhechi varanvarta, mothya pramanat drav vishtha baher padate aanee rakt, shleshma kinwa poochi upasthiti rogas karanibhoot asalelya rogjankanvar avalambun asate. tatpurati lactose asahishnuta dekhil udbhavu shakate. kahee costic prasangi, tivra otipotat aakadi, taap, dhakka aanee chittabhram hii serve lakshane asoo shakatat.
atyant gambhir prakarananmadhye, lock prati taas eka litarpeksha jaast dravpadarth vahoon neuu shakatat. byavachada, vyakti otipotat tivra vedna, gudashayat vedna aanee qamee tapasah raktane atisarachi takrar kartil. jalad vajan qamee hone aanee snayu dukhane dekhil kadhikadhi atisarabarobar yetat, tarr malmal aanee ulatya durmil asatat. anek prakarananmadhye sampoorn varchya aatadyachya sabhovatalachya snayunvar parinam karananya zotat aakadi yeu shakatat; kadhikadhi aatadyache astar bhintipasoon vegale honyasathi purese gambhir, jyamule pranaligat sansarg hoto.
durmil prasangi, amoebik parjivi raktpravahadvare shariravar aakraman karel aanee aatadyanchya palikade pasarel. asha paristhitit, mendu, fuffuse aanee samanyatah yakrut yasarkhya itar avyavanna teey adhik gambhirpane sankramit karoo shakate.
kaaran.
atisar haah jivanu kinwa parjivi sansargamule hoto. vishanu samanyatah rogas karanibhoot tharat naheet. heey rogjanke samanyatah tondawate pravesh kelyanantar, dooshit ann kinwa paanee sevan karoon, dooshit vastoo kinwa hatanchya tondawate sampark sadhun aanee asha prakare mothya aatadyat pohochatat. pratyek vishisht rogjanakachi swatachi yantrana kinwa rogjanan asate, parantu sarvasadharanpane, parinami aatadyanchya astaranna nuksan hote, jyamule dahak rogpratikarak pratisad midato. yamule sharirik tapmanat vaadh, aatadyanchya snayunmadhye vednadayak aakadi (aakadi), aatadyanchya keshikanmadhun (sooj) drav galatee jhalyamule sooj aanee sharirachya rogpratikarak peshi aanee cytokines navachya rasayananmule uutinche nuksan houu shakate, jee sansargashi ladhanyasathi sodali jaatat. parinami, samanyatah malatoon paanee kadhoon takna aatadyansambandhi uutinmadhil niyantran yantranechya vighatanamule aanee gambhir prakarananmadhye, raktpravahat rogkarak jivancha pravesh jhalyamule poshak tatvanche shoshan bighadu shakate, maladware jaast paanee aanee khanijanchi haanee houu shakate. atisarachya madhyamatoon raktastrav jhalyamule dekhil raktakshay houu shakato.
raktaranjit atisaras karanibhoot asalelya jivanujanya sansarganna samanyatah ektar aakramak kinwa vishari mhanoon vargikrut kele jaate. aakramak prajati shleshmalamadhye aakraman karoon thet nuksan karatat. vishari prajati aakraman karat naheet, parantu vishari padarth sravit karoon peshiche nuksan karatat, parinami raktaranjit atisar hoto. heey panyane atisaras karanibhoot asalelya vishari padarthanchya ulat dekhil aahe, jyamule sahasa peshiche nuksan hott nahee, parantu tyaeivaji teey peshichya aayushyachya kahee bhagasathi pesheey yantrasamagri tabyat ghetat.
kahee sukshmajiv-udaharanarth, "shigella" vanshatil jivanu-cytotoxin mhanoon olakhale jaanare padarth sravatat, jeey samparkat aalyavar aatadyansambandhi uutinna maratat aanee nuksan pohochavtat. shigelamule vishari padarthapeksha aakramanachya karanane raktastrav hoto asey manale jaate, kaaran vishari nasalele prabhed dekhil atisaras karanibhoot tharoo shakatat, parantu udaa. shiga sarkhya vishari padarthansah kolai aatadyansambandhi shleshmalavar aakraman karat nahee aanee tyamule teey vishavar avalambun asatat.
atisarachya vyakhya pradeshanusar aanee vaidyakeey vaishishtyanusar badaloo shakatat. yuu. ess. rog niyantran aanee pratibandh kendre (see. dii. see.) tyachi vyakhya "drishyaman raktasah atisar" paryant maryadit karatat. itar lock yaa shabdachi adhik vyapakpane vyakhya karatat. yantrana paribhashit kartana vyakhyetil heey farak vicharat ghetale pahijet. udaharanarth, see. dii. see. vyakhya vaparnyasathi aatdyansambandhichya uutinche itake gambhir nuksan hone aavashyak aahe qee raktavahinya futalya aahet, jyamule shauchane drishyaman pramanat rakt nasht houu shakate. itar vyakhyansathi qamee vishisht nuksan aavashyak asate.
amoebik atisar.
amoebiasis, jyala amoebik atisar asehi mhanatat, too amiba "entamoiba hystolytica" chya sansargamule hoto, joou pramukhyane ushnakatibandhiy bhagat aadhalato. amoebik atisarachya antarnihit sansargacha yogya upchar mahattvacha aahe; apuya upcharit amoebiasis anek varshe supt rahoo shakato aanee tyanantar gambhir, sambhavya pranghatak, guntagunt nirman houu shakate.
jevha sankramit vyaktichya aatadyatil amiba shareer sodanyas tayar asatat, tevha teey ekatra gatbaddh hotat aanee tyanchya bhovati eka kavach tayar karatat aanee tyanche sanrakshn karatat. ameebachya yaa gatala putee mhanoon olakhale jaate, joou nantar vyaktichya shariratoon malatoon baher jaato aanee sharirachya baher jagoo shakato. jarr swachchatechi manke kharab asateel-udaharanarth, jarr tyaa vyaktine vishthechi swachchapane vilhewat lavali nahee-tarr teey aajubajuchya ann aanee panyasarkhya vatavaranala dooshit karoo shakate.
jarr dusari vyakti putee asalelya vishthene dooshit jhalele ann kinwa paanee khaat asel kinwa peet asel, tarr tyaa vyaktila amiba dekhil sankramit hoil. amoebik atisar haah visheshtah jagachya asha kahee bhaganmadhye samanya aahe jithe manvi vishthecha vapar khat mhanoon keela jaato.
tondadvare vyaktichya sharirat pravesh kelyanantar, putee potamadhye khalee jaate. putichya aat asalele amiba potachya pachak aamlapasoon sanrakshit asatat. potmadhun, putee aatadyanmadhye jaate, jithe tee futate aanee amiba sodate, jyamule sansarg hoto. amiba aatadyanchya bhintinmadhye budu shakate aanee lahan phood aanee vran tayar houu shakatat. tyanantar punha chakr suru hote.
basilary atisar.
atisar haah shigelosis yaa "shigella" vanshatil jivanunmule honara sansargamule dekhil houu shakato aanee nantar tyala basilary atisar (kinwa marlo syndrome) mhanoon olakhale jaate. basilary atisar haah shabd vyutpattishastranusar konatyahi basilform jivanumule honanya konatyahi atisaracha sandarbh dett asalyache vatoo shakate, parantu tyacha arth paramparenusar 'shigella' atisaraparyant maryadit aahe.
itar jivanu.
escherichia kolai' chya kahee prabhedanmule raktaranjit atisar hoto. vishisht gunhegar heey enterohemorrhagic "escherichia kolai" aahet, jyapaiki sarvat prasiddha aahe.
nidan.
itihas gheuun aanee sankshipt tapasani karoon nidan kele jaau shakate. atisar aanee hematochasia yancha gondhal houu naye, jeey samanyatah malamadhye kinwa tyabarobar guddwaratun taje rakt vahate.
sharirik tapasani.
nirjalikaranamule tond, tvacha aanee oth korade disu shakatat. potachya khalchya bhagatahi komalata asoo shakate.
mull aanee rakt chachanya.
atisaras karanibhoot asalela jeev olakhanyasathi vishthechya namunyanchya sanvardhanachi tapasani kelee jaate. samanyatah ameebachya sankhyemule anek namune ghene aavashyak asate, jeey darroj badaltat. aavashyak khanije aanee ksharanchya patalitil vikrutee mojanyasathi rakt chachanyancha vapar keela jaau shakato.
pratibandh.
atisar rokhanyasathichya prayatnanmadhye jaast jokhim asalelya bhagat pravas kartana haat dhune aanee annasuraksha upayancha samavesh hoto.
lus.
sadhya 'shigella' sansargapasun sanrakshn denari konatihi lus nasali taree, anek vikasit hott aahet. visheshtah qamee sansadhan asalelya mulanmadhye, atisarache praman aanee tivrata qamee karnyachya dhoranacha lasikaran haah akheris eka bhag banoo shakato. udaharanarth, 'shigella' hii dirghakalin jaagtik aarogya sanstha (jee) lus vikasit karnyache lakshya thevate aanee yaa rogjankachya vay-vishisht atisar/atisar hallyachya daranmadhye tivra ghat heey soochit karate qee sansarganantar naisargik pratikarshakti vikasit hote; asha prakare, haah rog rokhanyasathi lasikaran vyavharya asale pahije. tantrik adthale, samanvayasathi apura pathimba aanee sanshodhan aanee vikasasathi bajarpeth shaktincha abhav yamule yaa prakarchya sansargaviruddhachya lasinchya vikasat adthala aala aahe. lus vikasit karnyache bahutansh prayatna sarvajanik kshetrat kinwa jaivtantradnyan companyanmadhye sanshodhan karyakram mhanoon kele jaat aahet.
upchar.
tondawate punarjalikaran upcharpaddhati vaparoon dravpadarth rakhoon atisar niyantrit keela jaato. ulatya kinwa atisarachya vipulatemule haah upchar puresa rakhala jaau shakat naslyas, antahshira drav badalanyasathi rugnalayat dakhal hone aavashyak asoo shakate. aadarsh paristhitit, sukshmajivashastriy sukshmadarshika aanee sanwardhan abhyasanni samavisht vishisht sansarg sthapit kareparyant konatihi sukshmajivavirodhi upcharpaddhati dilee jaau naye. jevha prayogshaletil seva upalabdh nasatat, tevha parjivi marnyasathi amoebysidal aushadh aanee konatyahi sambandhit jivanu sansargachya upcharansathi pratijaivik yasah aushadhanche sanyojan dene aavashyak asoo shakate.
jarr shigelosisacha sanshay asel aanee too khoop gambhir nasel, tarr tyala tyacha marg chaloo dene vajvi asoo shakate-sahasa eka aathvadyapeksha qamee. jarr prakaran gambhir asel tarr ciprofloxacin kinwa tii. emm. pii.-ess. emm. ex. sarkhya pratijaivikancha upayog houu shakato. tathapi, "shigella" chey anek prabhed samanya pratijaivikanna pratirodhak hott aahet aanee vikasansheel deshanmadhye prabhavi aushadhancha puravatha anekada qamee asato. garaj bhasalyas, lahan mule, 50 varshanvaril lock aanee nirjalikaran kinwa kuposhanacha tras asalelya konasathihi mrutyucha sarvadhik dhoka asalelyansathi doctoranna pratijaivike rakhoon thevavi lagoo shakatat.
amoebik atisaravar anekada metronidazole aanee paromomycin kinwa iodoquinol yasarkhya done pratijaivik aushadhanni upchar kele jaatat.
purvasoochana.
yogya upcharane, amoebik aanee jivanujanya atisarachi bahutek prakarane 10 divasanchya aat qamee hotat aanee bahutek vyakti yogya upchar suru kelyanantar done teey chaar aathvadyanchya aat purn barey hotat. jarr rogavar upchar naan kelyas, rogacha andaj vaiyaktik rugnachi rogpratikarak sthitee aanee rogachya tivratenusar badalato. atyant nirjalikaranamule barey honyas vilamb houu shakato aanee gambhir guntagunti honyacha dhoka lakshaniyaritya vadhato.
mahamarishastra.
apuri mahitee astitvat aahe, parantu 'shigella' mule 2013 madhye paach varshankhalil 34,000 mulancha mrutyu jhaala aanee paach varshanvaril lokanmadhye 40,000 lokancha mrutyu jhaala assa andaj aahe. amoebiasis darvarshi 5 kotinhoon adhik lokanna sankramit karato, jyapaiki 50,000 lock martat (darr hajarat eka).
itihas.
america, paschim-madhya africa aanee aagney aashiyatil parjanyavan pradeshatil sthanik lock kapok zadachi biyane, paaney aanee saal yaa rogat paramparik aushadhanmadhye vaparat aale aahet.
1915 madhye, austreliyan jivanuvidnyani fanny eleanor williams austreliyan shahee dalasah greesmadhye eka vaidya mhanoon kaam karat hota, jyala galipolikadun thet jivitahani jhaali. gallipolymadhye, atisar sainikanvar gambhir parinam karat hota aanee tyamule manushyabalachi lakshaniy haanee hott hotee. vilyamsane atisarache raktarsashastriy tapas kele, lister instituteche sanchalak surr charles martin yanchyasobat anek abhootpurv shodhanibandh sahalekhak mhanoon lihile. atisarachya tyanchya karyacha parinam mhanje vishisht nidan aanee upcharatmak serasathi magani vadhali.
"rotavirus aanee shigelasarkhya aatadyansambandhi aanee mutramargachya roganchya upcharanmadhye rogpratikarak sahayya mhanoon 1946 pasoon sampoorn america aanee europemadhye 'basilus subtillis' chee vikri karnyat aalee, parantu grahak pratijaivikanchya parichayanantar lokpriyata qamee jhaali.