
mauris janovitz

mauris janovitz (22 aktoobar 1919-7 november 1988) heey eka american samajshastradnya aanee pradhyapak hote, jyanni samajshastriy siddhant, purvagrah, shahari samasya aanee deshbhakticha abhyas yaat mothe yogdan dile. teey lashkari samajshastrachya sansthapakanpaiki eka hote aanee tyanni samuel pii. saha mothe yogdan dile. huntington, samkalin nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya sthapanesathi. teey mishigan vidyapith aanee shikago vidyapithat samajshastrache pradhyapak hote aanee shikago vidyapithat samajshastra vibhagache paach varshanche adhyakshapad bhushavale. too laurence aaa hota. kimpton shikago vidyapithat pratishthit seva pradhyapak aahet. jannovitz heey american samajshastriy sanghataneche upadhyaksh hote, jyanna tyanchya karkirditil pratishthit shishyavrutti puraskar midala aanee american academy auph arts andd sciences aanee american philosophical association yaa donhi sansthanche teey sadasya hote. janovitz yanni sashastr dall aanee samaj yaa vishayavaril aantar-vidyapith charchasatrachi tasech 'sashastr dall aanee samaj' yaa niyatkalikachi sthapana kelee. teey lashkari samajshastra kshetrache suruvatiche sansthapak hote. tyache vidyarthi, jase qee david aar. segal, maddy segal aanee james berk heey pramukh aanee prabhavshali lashkari samajshastradnya aahet.
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
janovitzcha janm aanee sangopan patterson, nyu jersey yethe jhaale, too polish-jyoo sthalantaritancha dusra mulga hota aanee tyane eastside highschoolmadhye shikshan ghetale. patterson tyachya resheem udhyogasathi olakhala jaat asey, jyamadhye tyache vadil kaam karayache aanee akheris swatacha resheem vyavasay suru karayacha. jannovitzne newyork vidyapithachya washington square collegemadhun arthshastrat padvi midavali, jithe tyane sidney hook (johnn devicha majee vidyarthi) aanee broos lannes smith (harrold lasvelcha majee vidyarthi) yanchya margdarshanakhali shikshan ghetale. hukne devichya american vyavharikta tattvadnyanashi janovitzcha parichay karoon deela, tarr smithne tyala samajik vidnyan aanee manovishleshanaprati lasvelchya 'shikago school' drushtikonashi sampark sadhala.
prarambhik karkird aanee lashkari seva.
washington square mahavidhyalayatun padvi ghetalyanantar tyanni library auph congress aanee nyay vibhagachya vishesh yuddh dhoran vibhagasathi kaam kele. 1943 madhye, janovitz yanna sainyat bharati karnyat aale, jithe teey dhoranatmak seva sanshodhan aanee vishleshan shakhechya karyalayat ruju jhaale, german redio prasarananmadhye sampreshan aanee prachar samagri vishleshan tasech german yuddh kaidyanchya mulakhati sadar karat hote. janovitzchya yuddhatil anubhavancha tyachya shaikshanik karkirdichya pudhil dishene kholvar parinam jhalah "yuddhatil yaa anubhavamule, yuddhasathi aavashyak asalelya sanshodhanasah aanee yuddh prayatnanmadhye guntalelya itar samajik shastradnyanni janovitzchi samajik shastradnya mhanoon swatachi olakh patavali".
nantarchi karkird.
1946 madhye, janovitz yanni shikago vidyapithat tyanche padvi shikshan suru kele. shikago vidyapithatil janovitzchya prabandhavar bruno bettleheim aanee edward shills yanni dekhrekh thewali hotee. ph. dii. purn karnyapurvi.1948 madhye samajshastrat padvi ghetalyanantar, tyanna shikago yethe prashikshak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. ph. dii. purn kelyanantar teey sahayyak pradhyapak jhaale. 1951 madhye, janovitz mishigan vidyapithat samajshastrache pradhyapak jhaale, jithe tyanni 1961 paryant adhyapan kele. mishiganmadhil tyanchya vastavyachya shevati, janovitz yanni shaikshanik shishyavrutti ghetali, jyaa darmyan tyanni tyanche pahile mothe prakashan, "vyavsayik sainik" purn kele."mishigan yetheel tyanchya shevatchya varshat, janovitz yanni" "lashkari sanghatanechya samajshastriy vishleshanachya vikasala pathimba denyasathi; antargat lashkari sanghatanevar vishisht sanshodhan lekhanchi malika tayar karnyasathi; aanee samajshastra aanee lashkari aasthapana yanchyatil sambandhanchya vikasasathi aanee dirghakalin prashikshanasathi kendrabindu mhanoon kaam karnyasathi" "sashastr seena aanee samaj (aay. yuu. ess.) yaa vishayavaril aantar-vidyapith charchasatrachya sthapanebhovati vidvanancha eka gut aayojit keela". aay. yuu. ess. aajtagayat sakriy aahe aanee sashastr dall aanee samaj heey niyatkalik prakashit karat aahe.
1962 madhye, janovitz yanni mishigan sodale aanee shikago vidyapithachya samajshastra vibhagat pradhyapak jhaale. 1967 madhye, janovitz yanchi vibhagachya adhyakshapadi niyukti karnyat aalee. yaa kshamatet, tyanni ekekali mahan, parantu sadhya tutalela, samajshastra vibhag punha ubharanyache kaam kele. vividh shakhanmadhil adhik vaividhyapurn pradhyapak sadasyanchi nemanook karoon 'naveen saiddhantik drushtikon aanee paryayi paddhatshir drushtikonanna' protsahan deuun janovitz yanni asey kele. samajshastracha varsa' yaa pustakanchya malikechya nirmitidvare vibhagachya bauddhik varshachi punarrachana karnyacha prayatnahi tyanni keela. varsa maliketil 40 khandanchya sankalanamule georges herbert mead, sidney hook aanee kadachit sarvat mahattvache mhanje johnn davie yansarkhya prabhavshali vyavharikanna aathavun, jannovitzne samajshastrachya tatvik payavar chintan kele. janovitzne 1972 madhye samajshastra vibhagache paach varshanche adhyakshapad purn kele. 1972 madhye, janovitz yanna cambridge vidyapithane american itihas aanee sansthanche pitt pradhyapak mhanoon sanmanit kele.
janovitz 1987 madhye nivrutt hoiparyant vibhagat rahile, tyanchya shaikshanik upkramanvar adhik laksh kendrit kele, jyachi parinati 1976 aanee 1983 darmyan prakashit jhalelya pustakanchya trayimadhye jhalih "kalyankari rajyache samajik niyantran", "mageel ardhashatak" aanee "deshbhaktichi punarrachana."
mrutyu.
janovitz yanche nivruttichya eka varshanantar 1988 madhye 7 november roji parkinson aajarane nidhan jhaale.
kalpana aanee kamgiri.
1953 madhye jannovitzne samuel pii. saha vidvananchya eka gatala bolavale. huntington, aine arber, mishiganala sashastr dalanchya bhavishyatil abhyasavar charcha karnyasathi. yamule janovitzne 1954 madhye eka paripoorn shishyavrutti aanee 1958 madhye vartanukichya vidnyanatil pragat abhyasachya kendrasthani shishyavruttidvare lashkari samajshastrabaddalchya tyanchya kalpana vikasit aanee vikasit kelya, jithe 1960 madhye tyanni lashkari samajshastravaril tyanche pahile mothe prakashan, 'vyavsayik sainikah eka samajik aanee rajkiy chitra' (13) purn kele.
"vyavsayik sainik" hii eka mothee kamgiri hotee aanee tyane samajshastratil upkshetra mhanoon lashkaracha abhyas sthapit karnyasathi eka "supic sanshodhan karyakram" tayar keela jyache itar vidwan anusaran karoo shakat hote aanee aajahi karatat. nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya kshetratil heey eka moolbhut karya aahe.
aanee samajshastrachya aadhichya kendranni sashastr dalancha abhyas talhala hota heey lakshat gheta teey visheshtah mahattvache hote. "vyavsayik sainikane" "lashkari uchchabhru lokanvar, tasech tyaa adhikadhyanvar laksh kendrit kele jeey" "lavkarach lashkari nirnay ghenyachya antargat vartulat sameel honar hote" "(177)". vyavsayik sainik' madhye, janovitzne eka karyapaddhati vaparali jyat samagri vishleshan, 760 senapati aanee edmiral aanee panchbhujatil 576 lashkari adhikaanyaanche sarvekshan aanee 100 hoon adhik uchch-stariy adhikadhyanchya (995) mulakhati samavisht hotya. yamule lashkari aanee nagri kshetranmadhil samanvay pratibimbit karananya, karmchari vyavasthapanachya sookshm prakaranprati shistabaddh pratimanapasun door sainyatil sanghatanatmak adhikarache badalatya swarupache prakatikaran jhaale. shivay, sainik tyachya karyatmak sadhananmadhye adhik tantrik aanee praveen jhaala hota, jyamule lashkarachya adhik tantrik kshamatanmadhye vishesh nagri sahbhag aavashyak karoon nagri aanee lashkari kshetranmadhil daree qamee jhaali hotee. lashkarat bharatichya kalanmadhyehi badal hott asalyache disun yet hote, jyamadhye dusya mahayuddhanantar lashkarachi loksankhya american lokanshi adhik jawalun juloo lagali. shevati, yuu. chey netrutva.ess. sashastr dalanche adhikadhik rajkaran hott gele hote. yamule janovitzne aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhye sashastr dalanchya yogya vaparabaddal done spardhatmak drushtikon asaleli dvi-samdharmi dnyanshastriy chaukat vikasit kelee. yaa drushtikonanna tyanni 'nirpekshavadi' aanee 'vyavharik' (996) asey sambodhale. janovitz yanni yuktivad keela qee, yaa ekoon kalanmule lashkari sanskruti aanee nagri samaj yanchyat samanvay nirman jhaala; dusya shabdant, lashkarache nagarikaran aanee nagri samajache lashkarikaran. anuyuddhamule purn pramanat yuddhachi shakyata qamee hote aanee sainya haloohaloo constabulary forcechi anek vaishishtye sweekarel, asey tyanni sangitale. tyanantar, vidvananni hii sankalpana samkalin shantata rakhanyat vaparali aahe.
1972 madhye shikago vidyapithatil samajshastra vibhagache adhyakshapad purn kelyanantar, janovitz tyanchya shaikshanik karyat adhik urja ghaloo shakale. yaa prayatnanchi parinati 1976 aanee 1983 darmyan prakashit jhalelya pustakanchya trayichya vikasat jhalih "samajik niyantran aanee kalyankari rajya", "gelya ardhashatkat" aanee "deshbhaktichi punarrachana."yaa teen pustakanpaiki," shevatchya ardhashatkane "kadachit sarvat jaast kukhyati midavali, jaree tinhi kamanni" vyavsayik sainikane "anubhavalele yash kadhihi sadhya kele nahee.
nagri-lashkari sambandhanvaril drushtikon.
dusare mahayuddha sampalyanantar, anekanni shantata-kaal yuu. chee bhoomika aanee aakaravar prashna upasthit karnyas suruvat kelee.ess. american sanskratichya vadhatya lashkarikaranachya virodhat yuktivad karat sainya. daad professional solzer' (1960) madheel mauris janovitz aanee 'daad solzer andd daad steet' (1956) madheel samuel huntington yanni done vegale parantu jawalun sambandhit siddhant tayar kele, jeey lashkarikaranachya bhitivar jore denanya sankalpanansathi paryayi sankalpana pradan karatat. donhi siddhant udarmatvadi lokshahichya sanrakshanashi sambandhit hoteh huntington yanni american lokshahiche paradeshi dhokyanpasun sanrakshn karnyasathi lashkarachya "vastunishtha nagri niyantranachya" udarmatvadi siddhantache samarthan kele, tarr jannovitz yanni adhik nagri-republican siddhantache samarthan kele, jyane nagri sahbhagachi adhik bhavna vadhavanyasathi nagri samaj aanee lashkar yanchyat sakriy paraspar sambandhanna protsahan dile. lokshahi samajat nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya yogya bandhanibaddalchya moolbhut aitihasik drushtikonatun yaa siddhantanchi mahitee denyat aalee hotee. huntingtoncha nagri-lashkari sambandhancha udarmatvadi siddhant thomas hobbs yansarkhya vicharvantankadun vahato asey disate, jyanni samarthan kele qee lashkarachi bhoomika aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhye upasthit asalelya, samajik kararadvare amaryadit asalelya, nisargachya sthititun udbhavananya dhokyanpasun samajache sanrakshn karane hii hotee; aanee johnn stuart mill, jyanni kathorpane yuktivad keela qee lashkar rajyane niyantrit aanee niyantrit kele pahije jenekarun teey lokshahi samajachya virodhat swatachya uddishtancha pathpurava karoo shakanar naheet. dusarikade, janovitzchya nagri-lashkari sambandhanchya siddhantane, bahya sangharshala deshantargat sanskratisathi preranadayi aanee susangat shakti mhanoon swikaranaya aanee nagri sahbhagala aanee deshachya dekhbhalisathi aavashyak asalelya 'nagrikatva' chya bhavnela protsahan denanya pracheen roman prajasattakache smaran kele asey disate. nagrik sainikanchya sakriy sahbhagachya bhoomikedware prerit houn, tyancha siddhant nagri sadgunashi adhik kendriyadrushtya sambandhit hota.
james berk yanni namood kelyapramane, donhi siddhant kahise kalbahya jhaale aahet aanee aajchya mankannusar sadosh aahet. barkchya shabdat, huntingtoncha siddhant "asey gruheet dharato qee yuddh ladhatidvare paribhashit kelele eka spashtapane chitrit kelele lashkari kshetra aahe jeey samajik aanee rajkiy kshetrapasun swatantra aahe". huntingtonchya siddhantane anvastrancha vikas, shastrastranchi sharyat aanee anvastranchya vinashacha dhoka yamule udbhavananya aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhil badalakade durlaksh kele aanee asha yuddh ladhanyachya sandarbhat swikararh uddishte paribhashit karnyachya aanee sadhya karnyachya rashtranchya kshamatecha atiaakalan keela asey mhatale jaate. huntingtonchya siddhantashi sambandhit dusari samasya ashee aahe qee tyane aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhye adhik puranmatvadi vastavadache samarthan kele, jyat american lokanna asvikarya asalelya adhik "sparton" sanskrutik drushtikonachi aavashyakta hotee. dusarikade, janovitz yanni assa yuktivad keela qee nagrik-sainikanchya pratimanadvare american samajat nagri sahbhagala protsahan dile pahije, parantu mothya yuddhansathi mothya pramanat halchal naan jhalyas asha pratimanacha prachar kassa keela jaeel heey spasht karnyat teey ayashasvi tharale. asha prakarchi eka paddhat mhanje swayamsevi rashtriy seva pranalimadhye lashkari seva antarbhut karane, hii eka kalpana aahe jyala american rajkaranat kadhihi rajkiy pathimba midala nahee.
vyavharikta.
jannovitzne newyork vidyapithachya washington square collegemadhun (newyork vidyapith) arthshastrat padvi midavali, jithe tyane pramukh vyavhariktavadi aanee johnn devicha majee vidyarthi sidney hook yachya margdarshanakhali shikshan ghetale. hukne lahan vayatach devichya american vyavharikta tattvadnyanacha parichay karoon deela, jaree shikago vidyapithat samajshastra malikechya varshachi sthapana hoiparyant tyanni samajshastratil vyavharikta tattvadnyanachya payacha purnapane shodh ghetala nahee. george herbert miid aanee sookshm-samajik sanshodhan karyasuchinvar bharr denanya pratikatmak parasparsanvadachya siddhantachya madhyamatoon samajshastrala shikago shaletil vyavhariktashi kamkuvatpane jodale gele hote.
janovitz yanni lashkari netrutvatil tyanchya manovruttinchya vaishishtyikaranat vyavhariktecha dekhil vapar keela. vyavsayik sainik' yaa pustakat, janovitz yanni vhietanamchya kalat adhikari mandalat 'dhoranatmak uddishte aanee vishisht lashkari davpechanchya vaidhatebaddal' pradirgh charcha nondavali, jee aantarrashtriy sambandhanmadhye lashkarachya yogya bhoomikebaddal done prabhavi drushtikonankhali ughad jhalih nirankush aanee vyavhariktavadi. nirankushvadi heey lashkari adhikari hote jeey vijayachya paramparik vyakhyanchya drushtine adhik vichar karatat, tarr vyavhariktavadi teey hote jeey badalatya vastavanchya, anvastranchya aanee rashtriy mukti chalvalichya sandarbhat vichar karatat. dusya mahayuddhachya vartanabaddalachya adhikadhyachya andaj aanee tyachya samkalin vyavharik kinwa paripoorn siddhantanche palan yanchyatil majboot satatya' lakshat gheuun, 'janovitz' neey aitihasikdrushtya yaa drushtikonancha shodh tisya mahayuddhadarmyanchya european aanee purv ashiyai yuddhakshetrambaddalchya spardhatmak drushtikonanshi lavala. jyanni european yuddhbhumichi vyakhya 'mojmap kelele yash' ashee kelee, teey vyavharik siddhantache palan karanyachi shakyata jaast hotee, tarr jeey european yuddhbhumikade apayash mhanoon pahat hote, teey adhik nirankush hote. shivay, nirankush drushtikon haah naudal dhoranavar (alfried thier mahan yanchya naudal shaktichya siddhantavarun tayar) aanee havai shaktivar aadharit dhoranavar bharr dene aanee tyala pradhanya dene yanchyashi sambandhit hota, jeey donhi europeksha purv aashiyatil sangharshasathi adhik yogya hote. shityuddhachya kalat, donhi drushtikonanche anuyayi anoo pratirodhavar samayik vishvas thevun anuyuddhachya naveen vastavanshi julavun ghetale, parantu 'mothya aanee shrenibaddha pratibandh' chya spardhatmak up-siddhantanmadhye valale. asha prakare, nirankushtavadi jananachya bajoone valale. sampoorn lashkari vijay midvinyasathi corian yuddhadarmyan chinavar dhoranatmak anubomb hallah suru karnyacha mccarthercha prastav, tarr vyavhariktavadi rajkiy uddishte sadhya karnyasathi yogya asalelya maryadit yuddhanna pathimba denyachi shakyata jaast hotee.