
bambara lock

bambara (kinwa "banmana") haah paschim aafrikechya bahutansh bhagacha, pramukhyane dakshin maalee, ghaana, giinii, burkina faso aanee senegalmadhil moolcha eka mande vanshik gut aahe. teey aitihasik bambara samrajyashi sambandhit aahet. aaj, teey malimadhil sarvat motha mande vanshik gut banatat, 80 takke loksankhya vanshiktechi parva naan karata bambara bhasha bolate.
jaatiy naav.
africa vishvakosh" nusar, "bambara" mhanje "vishvasoo" kinwa "avishvasu"; 1854 madhye tukulor vijeta all hajj umar yanni islam dharm suru kelyanantar islamla virodh kelyamule yaa gatane heey naav midavale."
itihas.
mandinka lokancha shahee vibhag mhanoon bamancha ugam jhaala. teey 13 vya shatkatil maalee samrajyache sansthapak aahet. munding aanee bambara heey donhi mandey vanshik-bhashik gatacha bhag aahet, jyancha vichalan kiman 7,000 varshanpurvicha aahe aanee jyachya shakha tichitjavalachya sthalanshi sambandhit aahet (aata dakshin mauritaniyatil saharane samavisht kelya aahet), jithe ii. sha. puu. 2500 chya suruvatipasun shahari kendre udayas yeu lagali. ii. sha. puu. 250 paryant, bozo yaa mandey upasamuhane digene shaharachi sthapana kelee. ii. sha. 300 teey ii. sha. 1100 darmyan, sonike mande yanni paschim malivar varchasva gajavale aanee ghaana samrajyache netrutva kele. ii. sha. 1600 nantar jevha nilo-saharan songhai samrajya visarjit jhaale, tevha varchya niger nadichya khoyatil anek mande bhashik gut aatalya dishene valale. 1740 chya dashakat jevha 1559 chya sumaras maalee samrajya kosaloo lagale, tevha baman samrajyachya udayasah yaa vatavaranat baman punha disu lagale.
vanshik-bhashik shabdachya utpattibaddal kinwa arthabaddal aadhunik itihaskar aanee vanshikshastradnyanmadhye farach qamee ekmat asale taree, 18 vya shatkachya suruvatipasun 'bambara' yaa navache sandarbh aadhalu shakatat. vanshik-bhashik gatachya sandarbhatil tyachya samanya vaparavyatirikt, aafrikechya aateel bhagat udbhavalelya aanee senegambian kinanyavaril bandarandware americet nenanya bandivasatil african lokanna olakhanyasathihi 'bambara' chaa vapar keela jaat asey. 1730chya suruvatilach gorichya gulamanchya vyapar chaukivar, 'bambara' haah shabd keval sthanik uchchabhru kinwa frenchanchya sevet asalelya gulamanna sandarbhit karat asey.
sikaso aanee hastidant kinaadhyaamadheel ouasolau yetheel shetkari samudayanmadhun vadhalelya baman-yugatil saha-bandhunni (jyanna 'tunn' mhanatat) rajyachi rachana vikasit karnyas suruvat kelee jee bambara samrajya aanee nantar maalee samrajya bunley. tyanchya muslim shejanyanchya agadi ulat, baman rajyane paramparik bahudevvadi dharmache palan kele aanee aupcharikaran kele, jaree muslim samuday sthanik patalivar shaktishali rahile, jarr segau yetheel kendriya rajyatoon vagalale gele.
baman haah paschim malimadhil pramukh sanskrutik samuday banala. manding aanee dula bhashansah paraspar samajanyayogya asaleli bambara bhasha hii malimadhil pramukh aantar-vanshik bhasha aanee frenchs rajyachya adhikrut bhashanpaiki eka bunley aahe.
sanskruti.
jaatee.
paramparikpane, mande samaj haah abhijat varg aanee samantansah shrenibaddha kinwa jaatee-aadharit aahe. baman rajkiy vyavasthene eka lahan mukt kuleen varg nirman keela, joou antarvivah jaatee aanee vanshik bhinnatechya madhyabhagi hota. baman rajyat jaatee aanee vanshik gut yaa doghannihi vyavsayik bhoomika bajavalya aanee kalanusar haah farak vadhala.
maraka vyapanyanni, pratham valvantatil vyaparavar aanee nantarchya kalat tabyat ghetalelya gulamancha vapar karoon mothya pramanat krishi utpadanavar laksh kendrit karnari shahare vikasit kelee. rajyatil phula samudayanpramanech, jyula heey lamb pallyachya vyaparat parangat hote, jyanni guranchya sangopanat yacha samavesh keela. bozo vanshikta mukhyatve yuddhakaidhyanmadhun nirman jhaali hotee aanee rajyane masemari aanee vahtook samudayankade valavale hote.
yavyatirikt, bamananni itar mande lokanpramanech antargat jaatee rakhalya, jyat greots, pujari, dhatoo kamgar aanee itar tadnya vyavasay antarvivah rahile aanee niyukt bhagat rahat hote. 
purvi, itar bahutek african samajanpramanech, tyanni gulam (jyanna "john"/"jong (oo)" mhanatat) dekhil thewale hote, jeey anekada tyanchya pradeshachya sabhovatalachya deshantil yuddhakaidi hote. jaree vyavsayanmadhye drudh kautumbik aanee vanshik sambandh asale taree, kalantarane aanee baman rajyacha padav jhalyamule heey jatibhed qamee jhaale aahet.
dharm.
aaj bahutek baman islamche palan karatat, parantu barech jann ajunahi paramparik vidhee palatat, visheshtah purvajancha sanman kartana. synchratic islamcha haah prakar durmil aahe, jyamule anek prakarananmadhye 19 vya shatkachya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant jhalelya dharmantaranna dekhil parvanagi milate. haah alikadil itihas, matra, baman vidhee kalanchya samruddhila aanee prasiddhila (pashchimekadil) hatbhar lavto.
samajik rachana.
baman vyapak mandey samajik sanrachaneche anek pailu samayik karate. samaj pitrusattak aanee pitrusattak aahe. mande sanskruti tichya majboot bhratruvarg aanee sororitisathi ('tunn') olakhali jaate aanee bambara samrajyachya itihasane yaa varganna balkat aanee jatan kele. pahilya rajyacha janm shikar aanee tarunaiche yoddha jatimadhye rupantar mhanoon jhaala. 
tyanchya shejanyanche vijay yashasvi jhalyamule, rajyane 'johnton' ('johnn' = gulam/kejel-gulam) kinwa gulam yoddha jaatichi nirmiti kelee, jee yuddhat pakadalya gelelya yoddhyanni punha bharoon kadhali. gulamanna varshatoon vagalanyat aale asale taree, johnton netyanni eka majboot corporate olakh nirman kelee. tyanchya chhapyanni segu arthvyavasthela vyaparasathi vastoo aanee gulam aanee rajyane punarvasan kelelya bandhu shetmajuranna poshan dile.
tunn society.
bamananni anek thikani tyanchi jaatee aanee vayogatatil udghatan sansthanchi parampara kayam thewali aahe, jyanna tunn mhanoon olakhale jaate. bahutek mande samajanmadhye heey samanya asale taree, baman itihasat tunn parampara visheshtah majboot aahe. tunn heey laingik sambandh (tarun purush aanee striyansathi diksha sanskar), vay (purviche tarun purushanche 'solee' tunn samudayapasun vegale rahane aanee patni ghenyapurvi shetmajur pradan karane) kinwa vyavasay (shetee chee vaara tunn kinwa shikari donzo tunn) dware asoo shakate. heey samaj samajikikaran aanee parampara pudhe nenyache marg mhanoon suru asale taree 20 vya shatkat tyanchi shakti aanee mahatva qamee jhaale.
qalaa.
baman lokanni anek kalatmak parampara swikarlya. dharmik vaparasathi aanee sanskrutik aanee dharmik farak paribhashit karnyasathi donhi kalakruti tayar kelya gelya. baman kalatmak paramparanmadhye matichi bhandi, shilpakala, vinakam, lokhandi aakrutya aanee mukhavate yancha samavesh hoto. paryatan aanee qalaa bajarpeth heey aadhunik baman kalakrutinche mukhya gantvyasthan asale taree, bahutek kalatmak parampara pavitra vyavasayancha bhag hotya, jyaa dharmik shraddhanche pradarshan mhanoon tayar kelya gelya hotya aanee vidhimadhye vaparlya gelya hotya.
baman kalechya prakaranmadhye 'aine' tomo 'mukhavata aanee tye varra yancha samavesh hoto. purush diksha samarambhat nartakanni 'notomo' mukhavata vaparla hota. shetkari sanghatanetun nivadanyat aalelya tarunanni kapanichya velee tye varra (kinwa "siwara") shirastran vaparale hote. itar baman putalyanmadhye supikata sunishchit karnyasathi patnisobat nehmich thevanyachya supikata putalyancha aanee shikari aanee shetkyansarkhya vyavsayik gatansathi tayar kelelya putalyancha samavesh aahe, jyaa anekada samruddha shetee hangamanantar kinwa yashasvi shikar samarambhanantar itar gatankadoon jaaga mhanoon vaparlya jaatat.
ekhadya vyaktila milanare pratyek vishesh sarjansheel vaishishtya uchch aatmyanna prasann karnyacha eka vegala marg mhanoon pahile jaate. sampoorn baman qalaa nirmitichya jagaat asalelya shaktincha vapar purvajanchya aatmyanna prasann karnyasathi aanee tyancha jyaa goshtinvar vishvas aahe tyamadhye saundarya dakhavanyasathi keela jaato.