romanian german

romaniyache german (;;) heey romaniyatil sarvat mahattvapoorn aitihasik vanshik alpasankhyakanpaiki eka pratinidhitva karatat.
aantaryuddh kalat, yaa deshatil vanshik german lokanchi ekoon sankhya 800,000 itaki hotee (kahee srot aanee andajanusar 1939 madheel, karoonahi mahayuddhachya agadi kathavar), hii sankhya nantar mothya pramanat 36,000 paryant ghasarali aahe (2011 chya jangananenusar) aanee aanakhi 22,900 paryant ghasarali aahe (2021 chya roman jangananenusar, covid-19 mahamarimule eka varsh pudhe dhakalale gele aanee 2022 madhye aayojit kele gele).
romeniyachya ekoon loksankhyechya ghatatya kalanantar, deshatil german samuday dekhil sankhyemadhye ghat karat rahanyachi apeksha aahe, kaaran 2021 chya jangananechya aanshik nikalanni teey aadhich adhikrutpane nondavale aahe.
roman-german lokanche vihangavalokan aanee vargikaran.
romaniyache german (kinwa romanian-german) haah eka eksandh, eksandh, eksandh gut nasoon, vegvegalya pradeshik up-gatanchi eka malika aahe, pratyekachi tyanchi vegali sanskruti, parampara, lokkatha, bolibhasha kinwa bolibhasha aanee itihas aahe.
haah dawa yaa vastusthitivarun udbhavato qee vividh german bhashik loksankhya purvi sadhyachya romaniyachya pradeshat vasahatichya vegvegalya latanmadhye kinwa tappyanmadhye aalee hotee, suruvatila uchch madhyayugapasun suruvat hote, pratham dakshin aanee ishanya transylvania, hangeriche rajya (tyapaiki kahee bahya carpethian olandun shejarchya moldevia aanee valleshiyamadhye dekhil gele), nantar aadhunik yugat itar habsberg-shasit deshanmadhye (jase qee bukovina, sislethaniyachya velee bhag kinwa bannat). 
tyanantar, roman junya samrajyachi (,) german lokannihi vasahat kelee, pratham dobrujamadhye aanee nantar haloohaloo moldevia aanee valleshiyachya itar bhagat.
tyamule tyanchi guntaguntichi bhaugolik parshvabhoomi lakshat gheta, sampoorn itihasat yaa pradeshat mothya seema badalanvyatirikt (pahilya mahayuddhanantar, romania yuddhapoorv kalapasoon teey purvardhaparyant aapala pradesh vistarla. tyanchi bhasha, sanskruti, chaliriti aanee itihas samajoon ghenyasathi, romaniyatil germananna khaleel swatantra up-gut manale jaane aavashyak aaheh
itihas.
uchch madhyayugatil vasahat.
sadhyachya romaniyachya pradeshavaril pracheen german upasthiti pracheen kalatil uttaradhat shodhali jaau shakate aanee burii, vidhvansak, goth (adhik visheshtah visigoth) kinwa gapids yasarkhya sthalantarit lokankadoon pratinidhitva kele jaate, aadhunik romaniyachya pradeshavaril vanshik german lokanchya pahilya laata uchch madhyayugat aalya, pratham transylvania (tyanantar hangeri samrajyacha bhag) aanee nantar moldevia aanee valleshiyachya shejarchya aanee udayonmukh madhyayugeen rajyanmadhye. aata jeey romaniya aahe tithe pohochanara aanee sthayik honara pahila pramukh german gut mhanje transylvanian saxon (,,), anshatah tutonic niteschya sanrakshanakhali, jeey transylvaniamadhye aale (mhanje saat shahare/citadels, mhanje.eae. 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat hungarian raja geza dusra (,,) yachya vinantivarun tyanni sthapan kelelya saat tatbandi asalelya madhyayugeen shahare/killyanmadhun. yaa vasahatinchi mukhya kaame, jithe teey sthayik jhaale tyaa transylvania bhagancha vikas karane tasech tyanche sanrakshn karane, aanee spashtapane, hangerichya urvarit rajyala, sthalantarit ashiyai lokanchya aakramanapasun, jase qee kumans, petchenegs kinwa, shevati, mangol aanee nantar tatar. nantar, transalvaniatil saxonany aakramankari ottoman samrajyachya virodhat tyanchya grameen aanee shahari asha donhi vasahatinna aanakhi balkati dilee.
haloohaloo pann sthirpane, saxon vasahati carpethian carpethian, visheshtah aagney, dakshin aanee ishanya transylvaniamadhye, thos aanee samruddha samuday tayar karnyat yashasvi jhaale. heey transylvanian saxon tyanchya suruvatichya utpattishi khoop jodalele aahet jeey paschim europemadhun udbhavtat, visheshtah luxemberg aanee rayan-mossel nadichya nadichya. tyanchi bolibhasha, transylvanian saxon, yachee bhakkam saksh aahe kaaran tee luxembergishi anek samanata pratibimbit karate.
tyanantar, tyanantar shatkachya suruvatila hangerichya andreau II neey jaaree kelelya diploma andrianum (,) nusar, tutonic shooranni transylvania (hungarian rajvatine baljabarine) sodale, tevha transylvanian saxon vasahati rahile aanee tyanna sthanik svayattatedvare adhik adhikar denyat aale. tyanchya swayatt bhoomila nantar 'shahee bhoomi' kinwa 'saxon bhoomi' mhanoon olakhale gele.
yaa deshanmadhye, teey roman vanshik bahusankhya lokansobat tasech hungarian lokansobat (jeey eka lakshaniy alpasankhyak banale) ekatra rahat hote. akheris, tyanni hungarian shasanaviruddhahi turalak bund kele, visheshtah 1324 madhye pietersdorff/petrastichya gorakshanachya netrutvakhalil rua (, transylvanian saxonh "raps") chya jawal.
sampoorn karpathiyansmadhye, saxon roman lokansah valakia aanee moldeviamadhye sthayik jhaale aanee yaa done roman madhyayugeen sansthananchi pahili pramukh shahari kendre aanee rajdhanya sthapan karnyat yogdan dile. saxondware saha-sthapit kelelya ullekhaneey shaharanmadhye aanee madhyayugeen rajdhanyanmadhye sadhyachya suseva countymadhil bayaa kinwa nimat countymadhil targoo nimat () tasech dambovita countymadhil targovite () kinwa arges countymadhil campulung muscal () yancha samavesh hoto. yethe tyanni shaharikaran aanee german kayade aanale jase tyanni susevamadhye kele, jyamadhye sthanik prashasana kahee kaal magdeberg kayadyantargat karyarat hote, jase cyret (), bayaa kinwa nimati. tyanni yaa samudayanmadhye kahee kalasathi shulthis (shkhale) kinwa madhyayugeen mahapour yaa prashasakeey padvichya samatulya mhanoonahi kaam kele. tathapi, kalantarane, saxon heey roman lokanchya mothya roman samudayanmadhye, walchian aanee moldevian yaa doghanmadhye villin jhaale.
transylvaniamadhye parat aalyavar, teey tyanchi gave aanee gave purnapane majboot karnyat yashasvi jhaale. bhootkalat, transylvanian saxondware bandhanyat aalelya tatbandi asalelya churchs 300 (kinwa andaje 300) gave hotee. aata tyanchi sankhya nimmyachya jawal aahe, parantu yapaiki anek atishay changlya prakare sanrakshit aahet jeey unesco-manyataprapt (jaagtik varsa sthale mhanoon) aanee romaniyamadhil mahattvachi paryatan sthale aahet.
aadhunik yugatil vasahat.
aadhunik yugat, german lokanche itar gut samkalin romaniyatil kahee bhaganmadhye, visheshtah bukovina, banat aanee punha ekada transylvania yaa aitihasik pradeshanmadhye yenyas aanee sthayik honyas suruvat jhaali. ottoman yuddhanmule hangeriche rajya kamkuvat hott gele aanee habsberg vadhat hote aanee tyanchi kshetre purvekade satat vistarat hotee, tevha bukovina german, bannat swabian aanee zipsar german yanchya mothya gatanni pramukhyane aarthik aanee samajik-loksankhyashastriy karananmule uparokt roman aitihasik pradeshanmadhye sthayik kele. transylvaniamadhye, transylvaniatil saxonche itar gut, maharani maria theresachya rajvatit austriyachya saljkamargat yethoon cbu pradeshat haddapar kelelya protestants tethe sthayik jhaale, evangelical lutheran vasahati jyanna aatapasoon transylvaniatil jamindar kinwa, fakt, "jamindar" mhanoon olakhale jaate.
tyach velee, dete shatkat, roman junya rajyat (,), raja caroll I chya kurkurisah, german vasahatincha motha ogh munteniya aanee olteniyamadhye aala. yaa germananna regat german mhanoon olakhale jaate. yavyatirikt, german lock dekhil dobrujamadhye sthayik jhaale aanee yaa gatala dobrujan german mhanoon olakhale jaate.
tyach sumaras, tatkalin russian samrajyacha bhag asalelya besarabiyamadhye, mothya sankhyene german vasahati budjak () madhye vasahati sthapan karat hotya, joou besarabiyacha eka ghatak aitihasik pradesh aahe, joou tyachya dakshines danubechya kaala samudraparyantchya tokashi sthit aahe. yaa vasahatinna tatkalin shahee russian russian jaminichi shetee vikasit karnyasathi aanee pradeshachya arthvyavasthela chalana denyasathi tasech shaharikaranala chalana denyasathi vinanti kelee hotee.
aadhunik yug sampalyanantar, haloohaloo transylvaniatil saxonchya visheshadhikarprapt vargachya darjane tyanna romaniyanchya jawal aanale aanee 1918 madhye pahilya mahayuddhachya parshvabhumivar transylvania romeniya samrajyashi ekikaran ghoshanesathi matdan kele. purvi austriyan-shasit itar roman aitihasik pradeshanmadhil (aanee purvi russian-shasit aitihasik pradesh besarabia) germananchya itar gatannihi vividh karananmule tyanchya sambandhit pradeshanchya romeniya samrajyashi ekikaranasathi matdan kele. sarvat mahattvache kaaran mhanje roman rajeshahi dekhil moolatah german hotee, jee swabiyatil hohenzolern-sigmaringenchya sansthanatil hohenzolern gharanyachi eka shakha hotee.
alikadil itihas (20 vya shatkapasoon).
done mahayuddhandarmyan, mhanje 1925 madhye, nantarchya prashasakeey unitmadhye vanshik santulan nirman karnyasathi, timmis countymadhil 20,000 swabiansna shejarchya arad countymadhye sthalantarit karnyat aale. karoonahi mahayuddhachya aadhi aanee darmyan, tyanchi sanstha duesh woakesgroup hii rumeniyanmadhil nazi germanyla sakriyapane pathimba dete. tyanantar, transalvaniatil saxon rajkarani hans oto roth yanni mutsaddi prayatna karoonahi, karoonahi mahayuddhanantar sovietla yuddh bharpai mhanoon, saktichya majurisathi mothya sankhyene transalvaniatil saxon aanee bannat swabian (ekoon 67,000 teey 89,000 darmyan) soviet unionmadhye pathvanyat aale. nantar 1950 chya dashakat, baragon nirvasanane anekanna yugoslav simejavalun baraganchya maidanamadhye jabardastine sthalantarit kele. donhi gatantil vachalele lock sadharanpane parat aale, parantu yaa prakriyet anekada tyanchi malmatta gamavali hotee.
yavyatirikt, ekekali prabhavshali asalelya bukovina german samudayachi sankhyahi mothya pramanat qamee jhaali, pramukhyane heema inns reach loksankhya hastantaranachya karanamule, dusare mahayuddha sampalyanantar dakshin bukovinamadhye (kinwa sadhyachya suseva countymadhye) keval hajaro vanshik german rahile. samyavadane romaniyamadhye marg mokala keela, urvarit bahutek bukovina german lokanni 1989 paryant (aanee tyahi palikade) haloohaloo desh sodoon paschim germanyla jaanyacha nirnay ghetala, kaaran tyaa babatit deshatil sampoorn german samudayache tase hote.
yavyatirikt, 1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakat, paschim german sarkarne kutumbanna punha ekatra aananyachya karyakramantargat itar hajaro roman-german lokanna 'parat vikat ghetale'-aanee december 1989 madhye nikole seusescuchya rajvatichya patananantar, sumare 2,00,000 germananni romaniyatil tyanchi ghare sodali. samyavadi kalat, roman samyavadi rajyala anek mahattvapoorn german bhashik virodhi gut rahile aahet, jyapaiki sarvat ullekhaneey mhanje sthanik swabian samudayachya bauddhik pratinidhinni (visheshtah lekhak richard wagners) banatmadhye sthapan keleli eka sahityik sanstha, ectionsgroup bannat hotee. ekandarit, paschim german sarkarne dardoi kharedi kelelya anek german lokambabat, communist roman rajya tyanchyasathi adhik german gunanchi vinanti karnyacha khoop lobhi hote, jase majee german kulpati helmut cole yanchya shabdat, jeey khrishchan democratic unionche (see. dii. yuu.) majee nete dekhil hote.
alikadil ghadamodi (20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 21 vya shatkapasoon).
akheris, jaree romaniyamadhil german alpasankhyakanchi sankhya lokhandi padada kosalalyanantar lakshaniy pramanat qamee jhaali asali, taree 1989 chya krantinantar deshat rahanyacha nirnay ghetalelya kahee parantu suvyavasthit roman-german lokancha aadar keela jaato aanee tyanchya anek sahkari vanshik roman deshbandhvanni tyanna eka mehanati, sampoorn aanee vyavharik samuday mhanoon manale aahe, jyanni sthanik sanskruti aanee itihasachya babatit, visheshtah, transylvania, banat aanee bukovina, jithe ekekali sarvat mothe german bhashik gut roman vanshik bahusankhyansamvet rahat hote, yaa babatit anek sakaratmak yogdan dile.
yavyatirikt, 1989 nantarche romania aanee germanyche ekikrut sanghiy prajasattak yanchyatil dwipakshi rajkiy aanee sanskrutik sambandhanmadhye 1992 madhye donhi deshanmadhil maitri kararavar swakshari jhalyapasun satat sakaratmak utkranti disun aalee aahe. yavyatirikt, 2017 madhye germanyche adhyaksh mhanoon phrank-walter steinmeier yanchya nivadichya prasangi, sadhyache romaniyache adhyaksh clouse johannis yanni itarambarobarach asey mhatleh..] shevati, pramukhyane transylvania, bannat aanee bukovina yetheel roman, saxon aanee swabian yanchyatil shatkanushatke pradirgh sahvasamule, roman aanee german lokanmadhye sakhol maitri aahe."
roman sanskratimadhye yogdan.
romaniyamadhil german samuday deshachya sanskratimadhye sakriyapane aanee satatyane yogdan dett aala aahe. ullekhaneey udaharananmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
romeniyamadhil hohenzolern-sigmeringenche shahee ghar.
romaniyachya madhyam aakarachya sansthanatun mothya rajyat sankraman hohenzolernchya german gharanyachya sadasyanni (dakshin-paschim germanytil samkalin badden-wrttembergcha bhag asalelya hohenzolern-sigmaringenchya swebian sansthanatun udbhavalelya) suruvatila moldevia aanee valleshiyachya danubian sanyukt sansthananvar aanee nantar, akheris, dete aanee aanee shatkat romaniyachya ekikrut rajyavar rajya kele. parinami, yaa rajvansh shakhecha bhag asalele sattadhari roman raje khalilpramane hoteh
romaniyachya sinhasanache dhong karnare (1947 nantar, jevha raja michael pahila yala communistanni padd sodanyas bhag padale hote):
loksankhyashastra.
loksankhyashastra roman janganana.
1941 madhye, romaniyatil serve vanshik german lokanchi prarambhik sankhya 542,325 itaki hotee. tyanantar, december 1941 madhye, romania transnistriya governorate tayar kelyanantar, samavisht kelyanantar aanee prashasit kelyanantar, vanshik german lokanchi ekoon sankhya 674,307 paryant vadhali, visheshtah navyane nondanikrut kalya samudrachya german lokansah, keval 1941 aanee 1944 darmyanchya alp kalavadhisathi. heey lakshat ghene dekhil mahatvache aahe qee german haah tyaa velee romaniyatil dusra sarvat jaast vanshik gut hota, romananantar, ekoon loksankhyechya anukrame 4.01% (eprilmadhye) 3.53% (decembermadhye).
vastinusar loksankhya aakadevari (2011).
khaleel taktyat darshavileli mahitee 2011 chya roman jangananenusar romaniyatil german alpasankhyakanchya ullekhaneey vasahatinvar (kiman 1 takke) prakash takte. kahee vishisht aakadevari eka sthool andaj darshavu shakatat heey lakshat ghya.
2011 salaparyantchi loksankhya.
2011 chya jangananenusar, kahee parganyansathi ullekhaneey german alpasankhyak loksankhyeche (kiman 1 takke) pratinidhitva khalee kele aahe.
aahe roman jangananechi aakadevari.
2021 chya roman jangananenusar, romaniyamadhye ajunahi fakt 22,900 german shillak aahet, jee 2011 chya tajya jangananepeksha lakshaniy ghat aahe. yavyatirikt, serve roman nagarikanpaiki 0.10% lokanni german hii tyanchi pahili/mool bhasha (kinwa 15,943 lock) mhanoon nondavali, tyamule tee romaniyatil sarvat qamee bolalya bolalya sthanik bhashanpaiki eka (aanee ekoon konatyahi vanshik alpasankhyakanpaiki) aahe.
prashasana, adhikrut pratinidhitva aanee rajkaran.
pahilya mahayuddhachya parshvabhumivar, ekikrut romaniyamadhil german alpasankhyakanche pratinidhitva anek rajkiy pakshanni kele hote, jyanni 20 vya shatkachya suruvatipasun madhyaparyant haloohaloo sansadiy upasthiti midavali, adhik visheshtah swabian gut, transylvanian saxoncha gut, german paksh (jyane rudolph brandschya netrutvakhali 1927 chya romanian sarvatrik nivadanukisathi magyar pakshasah hungarian german gut mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka nivadanuk yutee kelee) aanee german peaples party (nantarche done paksh 1930 nantar rashtriy samajvadi rajkiy abhimukhata asalele). varr namood kelelya donhi pakshanchya rajkiy utparivartanachya agadi ulat, tyanantar lavkarach romaniyatil german kamgaranchi facist virodhi samitee facist virodhi aanee lokshahi virodhi mhanoon sthapan karnyat aalee. dusare mahayuddha sampalyanantar, romaniyatil german alpasankhyakanche pratinidhitva karnare serve rajkiy paksh ektar visarjit jhaale kinwa tyanche astitva sampushtat aale.
tyanantar, roman krantinantar lagechach, 1989 nantarchya romaniyatil sampoorn german bhashik samudayache pratinidhitva romaniyatil germananchya lokshahi manchadvare, sthanik rajkaran aanee kendriya/sansadiy rajkaran yaa donhimadhye, adhikrut staravar kele gele aahe. tyamule haah munch eka rajkiy munch aahe jyache madhyavarti vichardhara romaniyatil german alpasankhyakanchya hakkanna pathimba denyache uddisht aahe.
1989 pasoon, eff. dii. jee. aar./dii. eff. dii. aar. neey sthanik aanee vidhimandal asha donhi nivadnukanmadhye bhag ghetala aahe, yaa prakriyet romanian rajkaranatil done aitihasik pakshanna, mhanje national liberal party (pii. aine. ell.) aanee khrishchan democratic national farmers partyla (pii. aine. tii. see. dii.), visheshtah sthanik prashasakeey staravar, cbu (), timisoara () kinwa bayaa maarey () sarkhya shaharanmadhye sahkarya kele aahe.
1 janewari 2007 paryant (mhanje.eae. european unionmadhye romaniyachya praveshachya tarkheparyant), eff. dii. jee. aar./dii. eff. dii. aar. heey european sansadeche (eae. yuu.) eka nirikshan sadasya dekhil hote, jeey tyach varshi janewari aanee november darmyan european peaples partishi (eae. pii.) kahee kaal sanlagn hote, jyamadhye sadasya aanee sadhyache up-ovidiu victor gaant yanni keval eka jagevar kabja keela hota.
dharm.
bahusankhya roman-german ektar roman catholic kinwa protestant aahet (i.eae. evangelical lutheran). evangelical lutherance augsberg kabulijbab () chya evangelical charchashi sambandhit aahet.
sanskruti aanee shikshan.
1922 madhye, romaniyatil german samudayachya serve rajkiy pratinidhinni "cbu/hermanstadtmadhye germananchya sanskrutik sanghachi" sthapana kelee, jyache netrutva suruvatila richard sakee yanni kele hote. vanshik german lock lock vasahatinmadhye vidyapithanantarche unhali abhyaskram aayojit karane, pustake pathvane aanee vividh vyakhyanandvare adhyapan sahitya puravane heey yaa sanghache kaam hote.
aajkal, bucharstmadhye german bhashetil done shaala aahet, duchess sheule bookarest aanee duchess gothe-koleg bookarest. duesh school bookarest kindercrip (nursory), balwadi, grundshull (prathamik shaala) aanee vyayamshala (uchch shaala) seva dete.
dete shatkachya uttaradhat, nicolaus lenau highschoolchi sthapana timisoara () yethe jhaali. banat swabi pranayramya kavee nicolaus lenau yanchya sandarbhat yala asey naav denyat aale. aajkal, nikolaus lenau hyschool hii banatpasoon asha prakarchi sarvat mahattvachi shaala manali jaate.
cbu/hermanstadmadhye, samuel wonn brookenthal rashtriy mahavidhyalay hii romaniyamadhil sarvat junie german bhashetil shaala aahe (14 vya shatkachya suruvatichi nond), jee aitihasik smarak mhanoon dekhil vargikrut kelee jaate. tyanantar transylvaniatil saxon abhijat barren samuel wonn brookenthal yanchya sandarbhat tyache asey namkaran karnyat aale. yavyatirikt, bucharst yethe eka goethe institute sanskrutik kendra aahe tasech aayasi, brasov, clues-napoca, timisoara aanee cbu yethe paach duesh cultzertrum aahet.
brasov/chronstadmadhye, german bhashetil shaala johannes honterus rashtriy mahavidhyalay aahe, jyala 16 vya shatkatil prasiddha mahan transylvanian saxon vidwan aanee manavtavadi johannes honterus yanche naav denyat aale aahe.
german rajya natyagruh timisoara () heey romaniyatil sarvat junya rajya natyagruhanpaiki eka aahe.
madhyam.
algemine duesh zitung phara rumeniyan ("edz") heey samkalin romaniyamadhil german bhashetil dainik vruttpatra aahe. aajahi purv europemadhye prakashit honare heey ekmev german bhashetil vruttpatra aahe. pradeshik german bhashetil prakashananmadhye 'inn banat' aanee 'daad' phaur daad tauun auph cbu () 'yancha dekhil samavesh aahe. purvi, kalantarane, itar aitihasik german bhashetil vruttapatranmadhyeh arbiter-zitung, temeswarar naturicton (nairutya europemadhye prakashit honare pahile german bhashetil vruttpatra) aanee bannetmadheel banneter arbiter-press, bukovinamadhil vorewarts aanee bucharstmadhil neuer veg yancha samavesh hota.
romanian sarvajanik durchitravani vahini tvrvar, romaniyamadhil german alpasankhyakanchya karyakramala "aczent" mhanatat aanee too niyamitpane prasarit hoto. december 2019 madhye tyane aapala 50 vaa vardhapan deane sajra keela. haah karyakram manak germanmadhye dub keela gela aahe (mhanje.eae. "hochdoish") aanee roman bhashetahi upashirshak aahe.

