united statesmadhil vishesh shikshan

united statesmadhil vishesh shikshanamule apavadatmak shikshanachya garja asalelya vidyarthyanna vishesh shaikshanik karyakramandware sansadhanancha vapar karata yeto. heey karyakram nehmich astitvat navhate. "konatyahi apangatva asalelya vidyarthyanna sarvajanik shaley shikshanatun vagalanyachi kalpana 1893 salapasoon shodhali jaau shakate, jevha massatusates sarvoch nyayalayane keval kamkuvat shaikshanik kshamatemule vidyarthyala nishkasit kele hote". haah vagalane haah haah varshanmadhye vishesh garja asalelya serve vyaktinsathi shikshanacha aadhar asel. 1954 madhye, "braun vhee. shikshan mandalane "sarvajanik shikshanacha adhikar vansh, ling kinwa apangatvachi parva naan karata serve vyaktinna lagoo hoto yaa vishvasala chalana dilee. akheris, 1975 madhye united statesmadhil vishesh shaikshanik karyakram anivarya karnyat aale jevha united states congressne serve apang mulansathi shikshan kayada (ehca) (kadhikadhi ehca kinwa eha, kinwa sarvajanik kayada (pl) 94-142 yaa sankshipt shabdancha vapar karoon sandarbhit keela jaato) 1975 madhye united states congressne apang vidyarthyanviruddha sarvajanik shaikshanik sansthanni kelelya bhedbhavpurn vagnukila pratisad mhanoon lagoo keela."nantar divyang vidyarthyanche sanrakshn balkat karnyasathi ehcmadhe badal karnyat aale aanee divyang shikshan kayada (kalpana) asey tyache naav badalanyat aale. yaa kalpanesathi rajyanni federal nidhi midvanyachi aut mhanoon federal mankanshi susangat vishesh shikshan aanee sambandhit seva pradan karane aavashyak aahe.
hii kalpana pratyek vidyarthyala kiman pratibandhatmak vatavaranat (ell. aar. eae.) mofat aanee yogya sarvajanik shikshan (eff. aii. pii. eae.) milanyacha haqq dete. vidyarthyanchya adviteey shaikshanik garja olakhanyasathi, vidyarthyasathi varshik uddishte vikasit karnyasathi aanee niyukti, karyakramatil badal, chachani nivas, samupadeshan aanee vidyarthyanchya garja purn madat itar vishesh seva nishchit karnyasathi eff. aii. pii., sthanik shaikshanik sansthetil vyavsayik aanee vidyarthyachya palakancha eka gut sunishchit karane. yaa prakriyet palak samaan sahbhagi asavet tasech mulabaddal, mulyankanadware gola kelelya mahiticha arth aanee serve niyojan paryayambaddal mahitee asalele itar asavet. vareel vastoo samavisht karanyachi vidyarthyachi yojana lekhee vaiyaktik shikshan karyakramat (aay. eae. pii.) nondavali jaate. mulache sthan samanyatah varshik mulyankanadware, mulachya aay. eae. pii. varr aadharit aanee mulachya gharachya shakya titkya jawal tharvile jaate. shalela sanghiy aanee rajya shaikshanik sansthanchya manakanchi purtata karnara aay. eae. pii. vikasit karane aanee tyachi amalbajavani karane aavashyak aahe. pratyek vidyarthyachya aay. eae. pii. chey palan karat asalyachi khatri karnyasathi rajya shikshan vibhag tyanchya shalanvar dekhrekh thevato. jarr shaala mulachya aay. eae. pii. chey palan karnyat ayashasvi tharalya, tarr shaley jilhyavar khatala chalavala jaau shakato. palakanna tyanchi ichcha asel tarr tyanchya mulasathi vishesh shikshan seva nakarnyacha paryay asato.
kalpanenusar, apang vidyarthyanna tyanchya sthanik shaley jilhyachya madhyamatoon vayachya 3 teey 18 kinwa 21 vya varshaparyant vishesh shaikshanik seva milanyacha haqq aahe. vishesh shaikshanik seva midvinyasathi, vidyarthyane swaleenata, vikasatmak apangatva, vishisht shikshan apangatva, bauddhik durbalata, bhavnik aanee/kinwa vartanukitil apangatva, bauddhik apangatva, bhashan aanee bhasha apangatva, bahire-andh, drushtidosh, shravanadosh, orthopedic kinwa sharirik durbalata, itar aarogya bighadalele (laksh qamee vikarasah), anek apangatva aanee mendula dukhapat jhalelya aaghatatmak jakhmansah 13 vishisht shreninpaiki eka shreneet apangatva darshavine aavashyak aahe. vidyarthyanchya vaiyaktik garjannusar, tyancha samavesh keela jaau shakato, mukhya pravahit keela jaau shakato kinwa vishesh shalet thewala jaau shakato aanee/kinwa vegvegalya varganmadhye anek vishesh seva midvu shakato. shaikshanik uddishtanvyatirikt, aay. eae. pii. madhye nondavaleli uddishte swayam-kalji, samajik kaushalye, sharirik, bhashan aanee vyavsayik prashikshan yavar laksh kendrit karoo shakatat. karyakram niyojan haah prakriyecha avibhajya bhag aahe aanee samanyatah aay. eae. pii. baithakidarmyan hoto.
mofat yogya sarvajanik shikshan (eff. aii. pii. eae.).
mofat yogya sarvajanik shikshan mhanje vishesh shikshan aanee sambandhit seva jyah
34 see. eff. aar. 300.17 pahaa
kiman pratibandhatmak vatavaran.
kiman pratibandhatmak vatavaranachi vyakhya 'apang vidyarthyanna apang nasalelya vidyarthyansah jastit jaast yogya pramanat shikshit karane' ashee kelee jaate. tyat asey spasht kele aahe qee jevha vidyarthyachya apangatvache swaroop kinwa tivrata, purak sahayya aanee sevansah dekhil, samanya shikshan varganmadhye samadhankarak shikshanala pratibandhit karate tevhach samanya shaikshanik vatavaranatun vidyarthyanna kadhoon takale jaau shakate.
kiman pratibandhatmak vatavaran (ell. aar. eae.) aadeshasathi vishesh shikshanatil serve vidyarthyanna eff. aii. pii. pradan kartana, shakya titkya mothya pramanat vishisht samvayskambarobar shikshit karane aavashyak aahe. ell. aar. eae. aavashyakta haah apang vidyarthyanche anavashyak pruthakkaran rokhanyachya uddeshane aahe aanee apang vidyarthyanna jevha teey nehamichya samvayskambarobar rahatat kinwa tyanchyakade pravesh asato tevha tyanna adhik yash milate heey congresschya shodhanyavar aadharit aahe. niyamit shaikshanik varganmadhye adhik divyang vidyarthyanna shikshan dile jaat aahe. 95 takke divyang vidyarthi tyanchya divasacha kiman kahee bhag niyamit shikshan varganmadhye ghalavatat, 64 takke vishesh shikshan vidyarthi tyancha divas niyamit vargat ghalavatat.[4).
jaree vidyarthyanna kayadyanusar tyanchya shikshanat shikshan dile gele pahije, taree vidyarthyanchya shikshanat aanakhi kahitari shodhave lagel. vidyarthyache vartan hii vidyarthyanchya vagnyachi gurukilli aahe. jarr tyaa vartanat vartan yogya nasel, tarr tyavar nirbandh aanee (bii. aay. pii.) vartanukichya hastakshep yojnedware laksh dile jaau shakate. vartanukitil hastakshep yojana hii eka yojana aahe jee karyatmak vartanukichya mulyankanachya (eff. bii. aii.) parinamanvar aadharit aahe aanee tyat kiman, samasyechya vartanache varnan, samasyeche vartan qaa hote yabaddal jaagtik aanee vishisht gruhitak aanee hastakshep dhoranancha samavesh aahe jyat sakaratmak vartanukiche samarthan aanee vartan hatalanyasathi seva yancha samavesh aahe. vargamadhye amalbajavani karnyapurvi, shaley pranaline khaleel vyaktinpaiki ekala yojnevar lihinyachi aanee shikshakanna prashikshit karanyachi parvanagi dilee pahije. yashasvi shikshan vatavaran sunishchit karnyasathi hii yojana aay. eae. pii. madhye villin karavi lagel.
sambandhit seva.
vishesh shikshan-sambandhit sevanmadhye bhashan aanee bhasha upchar, vyavsayik upchar aanee sharirik upchar yancha samavesh hoto. pramanit abhimukhata aanee gatishilata tadnya, drushtibadhitanche shikshak aanee mandal-pramanit vartan vishleshak aanee sangeet chikitsak patra manalya olakhalya vidyarthyanna seva deu shakatat. sangeet upcharpaddhati hii kahishi naveen sambandhit seva aahe aanee tee deshbharat mothya pramanat upalabdh nasel. seva vaiyaktik kinwa chhotya gut satranmadhye, samanya shikshan vargat kinwa seva pradata aanee itar sangh sadasyanmadhil sallamasalat mhanoon dilya jaau shakatat. sanghatil pratyek sambandhit seva pradatyane aay. eae. pii. madhye uddishte tasech vidyarthyala denyat aalelya vishisht velecha samavesh karane aavashyak aahe.
vaiyaktik sevansathi vyavastha.
agadi alikade, anek shaala sarvasamaveshak varg samavisht karat aahet jyat samanya shikshan aanee vishesh shikshan shikshak heey doghehi saha-shikavatat."donhi shikshak ektritpane vargatil vishesh garja asalelya vidyarthyanchya kayadeshir badalanchi aanee nivasachi amalbajavani kartana soochana denyasathi eka sangh mhanoon kaam karatat.
jarr ekhada vidyarthi purnapane sarvasamaveshak paristhitit shiku shakat nasel, tarr vishesh shikshan pathak vidyarthyala adhik pratibandhatmak vatavaranat, sahasa aanshik samaveshat, prayog karnyacha nirnay gheu shakate. navapramanech, aanshik samaveshan mhanje jevha apang vidyarthi divasacha kahee bhag samanya shikshan vyavasthet sahbhagi hoto aanee vishesh shikshan shikshak kinwa itar itar sansadhan kakshasarkhya pull-out vargat mothya pramanat shaikshanik soochana prapt karato.
kahee vidyarthyanna tyanchya apangatvachya tivratemule jeevan-kaushalya-aadharit shikshanachi aavashyakta asate. asha vidyarthyanna sahasa swayam-samavisht vargat niyukt kele jaate, jithe teey tyanchya shalechya divasacha kiman 60 takke bhag vishesh shikshan shikshan thet kaam karnyat ghalavatat. heey vidyarthi samanya shikshanachya vargat samanya samvayskambarobar sahbhagi houu shakatat kinwa nasoo shakatat.
jarr ekhada vidyarthi samanya shikshan varg aanee/kinwa vishesh shikshan vargat kaam karoo shakat nasel, tarr atyant apang mulanchya shikshanat vishesh asalelya shalet vidyarthyala thevanyacha vichar karane hii chamoochi pudhchi payari aahe. 1990 chya dashkatil cull yaa pratimanapasun door jaanyacha hota, kaaran purvichya sanshodhanane yaa vidyarthyanmadhye shaikshanik aanee vartanukichya vadhikade nirdesh kele hote jevha teey samanya vyavasthemadhye vaiyaktik nirdeshandware shikavale jaat hote.
jarr vidyarthyachi prakruti atishay gambhir asel kinwa too itar konatyahi karanastav shalet jaau shakat nasel, tarr tyanna gharich soochana midatil. vishesh shikshan shikshak, karmchari aanee sambandhit seva puravathadar vidyarthyachya gharee shikshan denyasathi jaatat.
pratibandhatmak niyuktichi sarvoch patali mhanje sansthatmakakaran. jevha vidyarthyachya garja asha asatat qee too kinwa tee konatyahi qamee pratibandhatmak vatavaranat kaam karoo shakat naheet, tevha sanghadvare nivasi niyukticha vichar keela pahije. aaj americet farach qamee vidyarthi nivasi nokarivar aahet. sahasa vidyarthyanna asha tappyavar pohochavane heey uddisht asate, jithe teey shakya asalyas sarvajanik shalechya parisarat parat yeu shaktil.
americet itihas.
1975 madhye pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1> sampeparyant, american shalanni pachpaiki keval eka apang mulas shikshan dile. 10 lakhanhun adhik vidyarthyanna sarvajanik shalanmadhye pravesh nakarnyat aala aanee aanakhi 35 laakh vidyarthyanna qamee kinwa prabhavi soochana midalya naheet. anek rajyanmadhye asey kayade hote jyat andh, bahire aanee 'bhavnikdrushtya aswasth' kinwa 'manasikdrushtya mandbuddhi' ashee label keleli mule, asha vishisht prakarchya apangatva asalelya mulanna spashtapane vagalanyat aale hote." 
1950 aanee 1960 chya dashakat, kautumbik sanghatana sthapan houu lagalya aanee apang mulanchya hakkansathi vakili karoo lagalya. pratisad mhanoon, sanghiy sarkarne apang mulambarobar kaam karnyachya paddhati vikasit karnyasathi nidhiche vatap karnyas suruvat kelee aanee tyanchya aanee tyanchya kutumbanchya garja purn karnyasathi karyakram aanee seva vikasit aanee amalat aananyas madat karnare anek kayade manjur kele. done kayadyanni 'mandbuddhi' asalelya vidyarthyansobat kaam madat vyavsayik aanee shikshakanna prashikshan dile (1958 madhye pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1> aanee 1959 madhye pii. ell. <aay. dii. 2>). 1961 madhye, shikshak bahire kayada (pl 87-276) neey shikshakanna bahire kinwa katheen shravanshaktisaha kaam karnyasathi prashikshan dile. 1965 madhye, prathamik aanee madhyamik shikshan kayada (pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1>) aanee rajya shaala kayada (pii. ell. <aay. dii. 2>) yanni apang mulanna shikshit karnyat madat karnyasathi rajyanna nidhi manjur keela. 1968 madhye, 1968 chya apang mulanchya prarambhik shikshan sahayya kayadyane (pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1>) apang mulansathi balpanatil hastakshepasathi nidhi puravala. nyayalayachya anek mahattvachya nirnayanni apang mulanna shikshit karanyachi rajyanchi jababdari sthapit kelee (visheshtah, mandbuddhinsathi pensylvania association (park) v. pensylvania rashtrakul (1971) aanee mills wii. kolambiya jilhyache shikshan mandal (1972).
1973 chaa punarvasan kayada.
1973 chya punarvasan kayadyachya kalam 504 neey sangharajya anudanit sanstha kinwa sangharajya aarthik sahayya prapt madat konatyahi karyakramachya kinwa upkramachya sandarbhat apang lokanna nagri hakkanchi hummy dilee. yamule apang lokansathi badhit shalanmadhye nivasachi aavashyakta hotee, jyat imarati aanee sanrachananmadhye pravesh aanee samajat sudharit ekatmata samavisht hotee. 504 haah kayada serve lokanna tyanchya sampoorn ayushyabhar lagoo hoto, keval 3-21 varshanchya kalavadhisathi nahee. 504 yojana asalelya vyaktila shaikshanik apangatva asanyachi garaj nahee. 504 chaa bhav haah divyang lokansathi khelache maidan samtal karane aanee pravesh karnyababat aahe.
serve apang mulansathi shikshan kayada 1975.
1975 madhye, serve apang mulansathi shikshan kayada (eae. etch. aii.) sarvajanik kayada kayada neey apang mulanchya mofat, yogya sarvajanik shikshan midvanyacha adhikar sthapit keela aanee rajya aanee sthanik shikshan sansthanna naveen aavashyaktanche palan karnyas saksham karnyasathi nidhi pradan keela. yaa kayadyat asey mhatale aahe qee tyacha uddesh charpat hotah
1986 madhye ehala pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1. mhanoon punha adhikrut karnyat aale, jyat 3 varshankhalil apang arbhake aanee lahan mulancha samavesh hota aanee sambandhit vaiyaktik kutumb seva yojana (aay. eff. ess. pii.), sambandhit arbhake aanee lahan mulanchya kutumbanna vaiyaktik vishesh seva vitaran sunishchit karnyasathi tayar keleli kagadpatre puravali gelee.
apangatva asalela american kayada.
1964 chya nagri haqq kayadyane manjur kelelya bhedbhavapasun samaan sanrakshn pradan madat, american with disabilities ect auph 1990 (aii. dii. aii.) neey rojgar (shirshak 1), sarvajanik seva aanee vahtook (shirshak 2) sarvajanik nivas (shirshak 3), dursanchar (shirshak 4) aanee vividh tartudi (shirshak 5) yanmadhil bhedbhavavar bandee ghatali. apang lokanche jeevan samanya karnyachya dishene takalele heey eka mothe paul hote. shirshak 3 neey vastoo, seva, suvidha kinwa nivasachya purn aanee samaan aanandasandarbhat sarvajanik nivasachya konatyahi thikani apangatva aadharit bhedbhav pratibandhit keela. sarvajanik nivassthananmadhye bahutansh shaikshanik sthalancha samavesh hota.
apang vyakti shikshan kayada (kalpana).
apangatva shikshan kayadyat apangatva asalelya vyaktinchya shikshan kayadyachya (kalpana) parichayasah badal karnyat aala. tyapurvi, sarvajanik shaala vyavasthet upekshit asalelya apang vidyarthyanna shikshan upalabdh karoon dene haah eae. etch. aii. madheel vaidhanik bharr hota. pravesh" chey uddisht sadhya jhaale aahe yache samadhan jhaale, 1997 madhye congressne "qamee apeksha aanee apang mulansathi shikshan aanee shikanyachya siddha paddhatinvar pratikrutiyogya sanshodhan lagoo karnyavar apurya lakshamule udbhavalelya amalbajavanichya samasyanche nirakaran karnyachya spasht uddeshane kalpana lagoo kelee."20 yuu.ess.see. kalam 1400 (qa) (4). kayadyane spashtapane sangitale qee, "apang vyaktinsathi sandhichi samanata, purn sahbhag, swatantra jeevan aanee aarthik swayampurnata sunishchit karnyachya aamchya rashtriy dhoranasathi tyachi vachanbaddhata aahe."20 yuu.ess.see. kalam 1400 (qa) (1).
1997 purvichya apangatva shikshan vyavasthepasun laksh kendrit karnyat aalelya lakshaniy badalache pratinidhitva kalpanechya margamule jhaale. kalpananni vyaktinche madhyamik shaletoon praudh jivanakade kinwa madhyamik shikshananantarchya jeevanat sankraman karnyasathi vaiyaktik sankraman yojana (aay. tii. pii.) jodalya. swaleenata aanee aaghatatmak menduchi dukhapat (tii. bii. aay.) yaa shreninmadhye vishesh shikshanacha vistar karnyat aala. 1997 madhye kalpana pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1> mhanoon punha adhikrut karnyat aalee aanee laksh qamee atee sakriyata vikar (aii. dii. etch. dii.) sathee vistarit vyapti, karyatmak vartanukiche moolyankan aanee hastakshep yojana jodalya gelya aanee aay. eae. pii. madhye aay. tii. pii. ektrit karnyat aale. 2004 madhye (khalee) atirikt punarpradhikrut karnyat aale.
purvichya eae. aii. aii. pramanech, kayadyachya shoonya nakarnyachya niyamanusar shalanni pratyek apang mulala shaikshanik seva puravane aavashyak aahe, jaree mulala sevancha laabh milanyachi aasha nasali tarihi (udaa.jee., jarr mool komat asel tarr).
ekahi mool mage urale nahee.
2001 chaa prathamik aanee madhyamik shikshan kayada (eae. ess. eae. aii.) pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1>, jyala 'noow child left behind ect' mhanoon adhik lokpriyapane olakhale jaate, tyasathi apang mulansah serve shaley mulanchya shaikshanik kamgirisathi jababdari aavashyak hotee. 2012 salaparyant vachan aanee ganitamadhye 100% pravinya asane aavashyak hote.
2004 chya sahayyak tantradnyan kayadyane (aii. tii. aii.) pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1. neey shalepasoon kamavar sankraman prakalpanna pathbal dile aanee sahayyak tantradnyan (aii. tii.) upkarananchya kharedisathi karj karyakram tayar kele.
2004 chya divyang shikshan kayada punaraadhikrut vyaktinni, pii. ell. <aay. dii. 1 neey shikanyachya apangatva olakh prakriya badalalya, vishesh shikshan shikshakansathi uchch patrata manakanchi aavashyakta hotee, apangatva asalele serve vidyarthi varshik rajya kinwa jilha chachani kinwa dastaivajikaran kelelya paryayi mulyankananmadhye sahbhagi hotil asey namood kele aanee shastrastra, ammali padarth kinwa hinsacharashi sambandhit kriyakalapanna pratisad mhanoon parvanagi dilee jee vidyarthyanna antarim paryayi shaikshanik vyavasthet thevata yeil.
kalpanedware samavisht naan kelele kahee vidyarthi apangatva sanrakshn ajunahi kalam 504 kinwa aii. dii. aii. antargat samavisht kele jaau shakate kaaran apangatva mhanje kaay yachya vyapak vyakhyanmule.
aine. see. ell. bii. baddal shikshan kshetrat kahee afava pasaravalya jaat aahet. gambhir apangatva asalelya mulanchi chachani karnyas shikshakanna bhag padale jaate ashee afava aahe. yaa kalpanet apangatva kayadyantargat mulancha samavesh aahe. samasya ashee aahe qee teey serve mulanna samaan gambhir apangatva asalelya mulanche gatbaddh karatat. majee varishtha dhoran vishleshak erine dylan, 'shikshan kshetra' chey lekhak mhanoon mhanatat qee serve vishesh shikshan vidyarthi gambhir apangatvachya nikashanshi julat naheet. sadhansamagri aanee nivassthanasaha vidyarthi shreni staravar pohochu shakatat. vishisht apangatva olakhanyasathi vidyarthyanna upasamuhanmadhye thevun aine. see. ell. bii. adhik jababdar banala aahe. kalpanechya antargat asalelya bahutansh vidyarthyanna shikshan apang (ell. dii.) shreneet thevanyat aale aahe. vidyarthyanna shreni patalivaril kamgiri midvinyasathi aavashyak asaleli yogya madat milel yachee khatri karnyasathi ell. dii. label aahe. dylan namood karatat qee, 80 takke vishesh shikshanasathi seva denare 4 gut aahet; shikshan apang (ell. dii.), bhavnik aswasth (edd), bolanyatil dosh aanee bhashetil dosh aanee itar aarogyavishayak dosh, jase qee edd. 1977 pasoon apang vidyarthyanchi loksankhya 8 takkyanvarun 14 takkyanparyant 2006 (dylan) paryant vadhali aahe. ekoon vidyarthyanchya loksankhyepaiki african-american vidyarthyancha vaataa 15 takke aahe, parantu vishesh shikshanasathi olakhalya gelelya vidyarthyanpaiki 21 takke vidyarthi aahet. abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee bahutek afro-american vidyarthyanna vishesh shikshanat shree kinwa edd mhanoon label kele jaate; yete vidyarthyanna autism mhanoon label kele jaate. guna kase mojayache aanee vishesh shikshanachya vidyarthyanchya yaa loksankhyeshi nyayya kase vagave haah mukhya muddah aahe (2004 madheel gunavattechi ganana, mallah vicharat ghya).
federal nidhi.
see. ess. eae. eff. 2004 chya ahavalanusar 1975 madhye yaa kalpanechya amalbajavanipasun vishesh shikshanacha nondani aanee kharch satatyane vadhat aahe. asey disate qee ekoon vishesh shikshanacha kharch samanya shikshanachya kharchapeksha vegane vadhat aahe, parantu yache mukhya kaaran mhanje ekoon vidyarthi sankhyechya tulanet vishesh shikshanachya vidyarthyanchi nondani aanee olakh zapatyane vadhali aahe. ekoon vidyarthyanchya nondanichya takkevarichya pramanat 21 paryant janmalelya mulanchi vishesh shikshan nondani vadhanyache kaaran anek ghatak asoo shakatat, jyat jokhim asalelya shaley-vayogatatil mulanchi vadhati sankhya aanee purvaskooli mulanchi vadhati sankhya, tasech arbhake aanee lahan mule (janm teey vay 3) yancha samavesh aahe. vishesh shaikshanik kharchat samantar aanee bahudha navnondanitil yaa sthir, akhandit vadhimule satatyane vaadh disun aalee aahe. rashtriy staravaril 1999-2000 aakadevarichya aadhare, 50 rajye aanee kolambiya jilhyane ektya vishesh shikshan sevanvar andaje $50 abj kharch kele aanee apang vidyarthyanna shikshit karnyasathi aavashyak asalelya serve shaikshanik sevanvar (niyamit shikshan seva aanee shirshak I aanee ingraji bhasha bhasha itar vishesh garja karyakramansah) $78.3 abj kharch kele, jeey prati vishesh shikshan vidyarthi $8,080 itake hote.
vishesh shaikshanik karyakramansathi federal sarkarchya nidhicha mukhya srot mhanje kalpana bhag buub. bhag buub haah vidhimandal aahe joou rajya sarkarla nidhiche sanghiy vitaran aanee vishesh shaikshanik karyakramanche niyaman karane anivarya karato. ekada rajyala vitaran midale qee, pratyek sthanik shaley jilhyala bhag buub manke aanee rajyachya nidhi paddhatinusar nidhi vitarit keela jaato.
kalpanecha buub bhag, pratyek vishesh shikshan vidyarthyasathi rashtriy sarasarichya 40 takkyanparyant yogdan denyasathi congressla adhikrut karato.20 yuu.ess.see. kalam 1411 (aaa). vishesh shikshanasathichya viniyogamule tyaa mool adhikrutatechi amalbajavani karnyat apayash aale aahe. anek abhyasanni vishesh shikshanasathichi sanghiy bandhilaki aanee nidhitil kamatarata yanchyatil spasht vishamata shodhanyacha prayatna keela aahe. 2003 saalee seep, jeey aata vishesh shikshan vitt kendra aahe, yanni kelelya abhyasat asey nishchit kele aahe qee vishesh shikshanasathi prati vidyarthi kharch vishisht shikshan apangatva asalelya vidyarthyansathi $10,558 chya kiman teey anek apangatva asalelya vidyarthyansathi $20,095 chya uchch shreniparyant aahe. seep abhyasanusar, vishisht shikshan apangatva asalelya vidyarthyancha kharch niyamit shikshan vidyarthyanchya kharchachya 1.6 putt hota, tarr bahuvidh apangatva asalelya vidyarthyancha kharch kharch jaast hota. bahutansh rajye, tyaa badalyat, sanghiy nidhitil daree bharoon kadhanyat ayashasvi tharali aahet aanee yamule sthanik shaley jilhyanvar aarthik dabav nirman jhaala aahe. yamule mool adhikrutatechya anushangane viniyog aananyachya aavarti maganya jhalya aahet.
50 rajye aanee kolambiya jilhyane vishesh shikshan sevanvar, vishesh shikshanasathichya vidyarthyansathi $8,080 itaki rakkam, 1999-2000 yaa shaikshanik varshat kharch kelee. apang vidyarthyansathi niyamit aanee vishesh shikshan sevanvar ekoon 77.3 abj dollars kinwa prati vidyarthi sarasari 12,474 dollars kharch jhaala. apang vidyarthyansathi itar vishesh garja asalelya karyakramansathi (udaa.jee.shirshak I, ingraji bhasha shikanare kinwa pratibhavan aanee pratibhavan vidyarthi), jyamule prati vidyarthyachi rakkam 12,639 dollarsver pohochali. niyamit shikshan aanee vishesh shikshanasah apang vidyarthyanna shikshit karnyasathicha ekoon kharch, united statesmadhil prathamik aanee madhyamik shikshanavaril $360.6 abjanchya ekoon kharchachya 21.4% chey pratinidhitva karato. apangatva asalelya sarasari vidyarthyala shikshit karnyasathi atirikt kharch prati vidyarthi $5,918 assa andaj aahe. vishesh shikshan sevansathi patra asalelya pratyek vidyarthyacha ekoon kharch ($12,474) aanee niyamit shikshanasathi patra asalelya pratyek vidyarthyacha ekoon kharch ($6,556) yateel haah farak aahe. 1999-2000 shaley varshachya aakadevarichya aadhare, apangatva asalelya sarasari vidyarthyala shikshit karnyasathicha ekoon kharch, vishisht garja nasalelya samanya niyamit shikshanachya vidyarthyala shikshit karnyasathi kharch kelya olakhalya kharchachya andaje 1.9 putt aahe.
rajya nidhi pranali.
rajya vishesh shikshan vitt pranalivaril see. ess. eae. eff. chya ahavalanusar, sarasari, rajye sumare 45 takke aanee sthanik jilhe sumare 46 takke vishesh shikshan karyakramanna pathbal detat, urvarit 9 takke federal kalpana nidhidware puravale jaatat. shaley jilhyanna nidhi vatap karnyasathi rajye vividh paddhati vapartat. bharit vishesh shikshan nidhi pranaliantargat (sumare 34 takke rajye vapartat), rajya vishesh shikshan sahayya prati vidyarthi aadharavar vatap kele jaate. bharit nidhi pranaliantargat, sthanik jilhyanna puravilya olakhalya madatichi rakkam pratyek vishesh shikshanachya vidyarthyashi sambandhit nidhi "vajan" varr aadharit asate, jyamule jyaa jilhyanmadhye vidyarthyanna qamee sevanchi aavashyakta asate tyaa jilhyanpeksha jaast garja asalelya vidyarthyanna adhik paise milane shakya hote. sapat anudan pranaliantargat (keval ekach rajyat vaparale jaanare) nidhi pratyek vidyarthyasathi nishchit nidhi rakmevar aadharit asato.
itar rajye vishesh shikshanatil vidyarthyanchya sankhyeaivaji jilhyatil serve vidyarthyanchya sankhyechya aadhare sapat anudan detat. yaa pranaliche samarthak assa yuktivad karatat qee vishesh shikshanasathi vidyarthyanna jaast olakhanyachi prerana tee kadhoon ghete. tathapi, vividh jilhyanmadhil vishesh shikshanasathi patra vidyarthyanchi vyapti itaki vyapak aahe qee, sapat anudan aadharit pranali sthanik prayatnanmadhye lakshaniy vishamata nirman karate.
itar nidhi pranali vaparat aahet. sansadhan-aadharit pranaliantargat, nidhi haah shikshak kinwa vargatil ghatak yasarkhya vishisht shaikshanik sansadhananchya vatpashi sambandhit asato. sansadhan-aadharit sutranmadhye ekak aanee karmchari yantranecha samavesh hoto jyamadhye nidhiche vitaran heey shikshak, sahayyak kinwa upkarane yasarkhya vishisht sansadhanansathichya deykavar aadharit asate. takkewari bharpai pranaliantargat, jilhyala jilhyala rajya vishesh shikshan madatichi rakkam thet karyakramasathichya tyachya kharchavar aadharit asate. parivartaneey khand anudan heey nidhichya drushtikonache varnan karnyasathi vaparale jaate jyamadhye nidhi anshatah aadhar varsh vatap, kharch aanee/kinwa nondanidware nirdharit keela jaato. anek rajye vishisht loksankhyesathi kinwa vistarit shaley varsh seva kinwa vishesh upkarane yasarkhya dhoranatmak chintechya kshetransathi sansadhananna lakshya karnyasathi swatantra nidhi yantrana vapartat. see. ess. eae. eff. chya ahavalanusar, vadhatya rajyankade swatantra nidhicha pravah aahe, joou apavadatmak 'uchch-kharchik' vishesh shikshan vidyarthyanna seva seva jilhyandware upalabdh keela jaau shakato.
prayatnanchi dekhbhal karane.
vishesh shikshan sevancha darja rakhane kinwa sudharane haah federal vishesh shikshan nidhicha uddesh aahe. vishesh shikshanasathi keval rajya kinwa sthanik nidhichi patali qamee karoon atirikt federal dollarschee jaaga ghetali gelee tarr haah uddesh qamee hoil. yaa karanastav, asha itar anek karyakramanpramanech, federal kayada aanee niyamanmadhye lekha margdarshak tattve asatat, jyasathi "prayatnanchi dekhbhal" aavashyak asate."kayadyat mhatale aahe qee sthanik shikshan sansthela pradan kelela sanghiy nidhi" (i) keval apang mulanna vishesh shikshan aanee sambandhit seva pradan karnyacha atirikt kharch bharnyasathi vaparla jaeel; (ii) rajya, sthanik aanee itar sanghiy nidhila purak mhanoon vaparla jaeel aanee asha nidhichi jaaga ghetali jaanar nahee; aanee (iii) vaparla jaanar nahee...sthanik shikshan sansthene divyang mulanchya shikshanasathi kelelya kharchachi patali sthanik nidhitun mageel aarthik varshachya tyaa kharchachya patalipeksha qamee karane. 20 yuu. ess. see. 1413 yaa aavashyakatechi amalbajavani karnare niyam eka chachanipasun suru hotat, jee hii khatri denyacha prayatna karate qee kalpanechya bhag buub antargat sthanik shikshan sansthela (ell. eae. aii.) pradan kelelya nidhicha vapar, ell. eae. aii. neey kelelya sthanik nidhitun, tyaa aadhichya aarthik varshachya kharchachya patalipeksha qamee asalelya, apang mulanchya shikshanavaril kharchachi patali qamee karnyasathi keela jaau shakat nahee. hii aavashyakta sthanik staravar nyayyapane amalat aananyasathi kahee apavad aavashyak aahet
vishesh shikshanasathi patra vidyarthi.
federal kayadyanusar, konatahi vidyarthi mofat, yogya shikshanasathi patra honyasathi itka aksham nahee. satat vanaspatijanya sthiteet kinwa komat asalelya mulansarkhya sarvat gambhirpane apang mulanna shikshit karnyacha prayatna karane upayukt aanee yogya aahe qaa yavar vaad aahe. anek gambhir apang mule kiman sopee kaame shiku shakatat, jase qee tyanna laksh havey asatana buzzer dhakalane kinwa jarr teey haat halavoo shakat nastil tarr brain implantcha vapar karane, kahee mule shikanyat aksham asoo shakatat. tathapi, shalanni seva puravane aavashyak aahe aanee shikshak vaiyaktik karyakram tayar karatat jeey mulala shakya titkya vajvi paddhatine abhyaskramat samavoon ghetil. kahee palak aanee vakeel mhanatat qee konatyahi shaikshanik karyakramachya jaagi sudharit sharirik kalji ghetalyas yaa mulanchi adhik changli seva hoil.
sandarbh.
jyaa palakanna tyanchya mulala shalechi pureshi pragati karnyat samasya aahe assa sanshay aahe kinwa tyanna maheet aahe, tyanni tyanchya sthanik shaley jilhyakadun mulyankanachi vinanti karavi. mulyankanasathi sandarbh" mhanoon olakhali jaanari vinanti lekhee swarupat suru kelee jaavi. sandarbh sthanik sarvajanik shalechya mukhyadhyapakanna kinwa jilhyachya vishesh shikshan samanvayakala sambodhit keela pahije aanee mulache naav, janmatarikh, patta, sadhyachi shalechi niyukti (lagoo asalyas) aanee apangatva kinwa vishesh garaj asalelya sanshayaspad kshetrachi mahitee dilee pahije. samanya shikshan shikshak kinwa margdarshak sallagar dekhil sandarbh deu shakatat. sandarbh midalyanantar, shalecha jilha palkanshi sampark sadhun baithakichi vel tharvel jenekarun prakriya spasht hoil aanee aavashyak moolyamapan karnyasathi lekhee sammati milel. yaa baithakichi tayari karnyasathi, palakanni tyanchya mulanchya samasyanche sakhol varnan karnyas saksham asale pahije, tyanchya mulanchya vargatil adchaninchi udaharane dilee pahijet. bhashan aanee bhasha chachani, vyavsayik upchar chachani kinwa majjasansthechi chachani yasarkhya mulachya vishisht shaikshanik garajanchya chitrat bharr ghalanyasathi aavashyak asalyache tyanna vatate asha konatyahi mulyankanachi vinanti palak karoo shakatat. mulachya apangatvache sampoorn chitra denyasathi aavashyak asalele serve moolyamapan shaley vyavasthene kutumbala vinashulk pradan kele pahije.
moolyamapan.
sandarbh prakriyenantar jilha moolyamapan suru karel. kayadyanusar, sanshayaspad apangatvachya serve kshetrancha samavesh asalelya sarvasamaveshak aanee bhedbhav naan madat shaley mulyankanachi aavashyakta aahe. chachani anek thikani kelee jaau shakate parantu prathamik shaala, madhyamik shaala, madhyamik shaala aanee vidyapithe asha shalanmadhye tee sarvat samanya aahe.
chachani mulachya mool bhashet asane aavashyak aahe (shakya asalyas). heey vyavsayikanchya eka chamoone prashasit kele pahije, jyamadhye kiman eka samanya shikshan shikshak, eka vishesh shikshan shikshak aanee mulachya apangatvachya kshetratil jaankar asalelya tadnyacha samavesh asane aavashyak aahe. chachani eka gatamadhye navhe tarr eka-eka karoon dilee gelee pahije. vaparlelya konatyahi chachanya kinwa itar moolyankan sahitya heey prashikshit aanee tyanna prashasit karnyasathi patra asalelya vyavsayikandvare prashasit kele jaane aavashyak aahe.eae.vaparlelya vishisht chachanyanche vyavasthapan karnyasathi prashikshit manashastradnyadvare mansik chachani ghene aavashyak aahe. shikshak vargamadhye aadhich vaparat asalelya konatyahi hastakshepachi nondahi karatat. yavyatirikt, shikshak debels (moolbhut prarambhik saksharta kaushalyanche gatishil nirdeshak), dra (vikasatmak vachan moolyankan), wji (woodcock johnsonchya kamgirichya chachanya) kinwa viyat (wexler vaiyaktik kamgiri chachani) yasarkhya aupcharik chachanyancha vapar teey shreni staravar aahet qee khalee heey pahanyasathi kartil. vidyarthyache sampoorn shaikshanik chitra pahanyasathi shikshak kinwa samitee sadasya aaplyasobat kahihi aanoo shakatat (udaa.jee. shreni) atyant upayukt aahe.
chachani vyatirikt, prarambhik mulyankanasathi, aanee aanee nantarchya tappyanvar dekhil, shalet kinwa tulanatmak paristhitit mulache nirikshan karane aavashyak aahe. tyachya samvayaskanshi aanee shikshakanshi sanvad sadhatana mulache moolyankan nirikshanadvare kele jaau shakate. vastunishthata aanee paraspar sandarbh sunishchit karnyasathi, heey nirikshan mulachya vargatil shikshakashivay itar vyaktine kele pahije. heey nirikshan keval mulachya vargat karanyachi garaj nahee, visheshtah jevha mulache apangatvache sanshayit kshetra jevanache kholee, dalan kinwa vyayamshalesarkhya mothya thikani prakat houu shakate.
baaraa varshanpeksha jaast vayachya mulansathi vyavsayik chachani aavashyak aahe. hii aavashyakta 1997 chya sudharananchya kalpanechya bhavnenusar aahe, jee upayukt rojgarasathi mulanchya tayarila protsahan dete. vyavsayik chachanine shaletoon padvi ghetalyanantar rojgar midvinyasathi aavashyak asaleli aavad aanee kaushalye olakhali pahijet. chachani prakriyedarmyan, palak khajgiritya midavaleli konatihi moolyankan samagri aanee ahwal pradan karnyas swatantra asatat. tadnyanmadhye manochikitsak, mansopacharatadnya, neurologist, balrogatadnya, vaidyakeey karmchari aanee shikshak yasarkhya vyavsayikancha samavesh asoo shakato. jeey vyavsayik kalantarane mulasobat kaam karat aahet, teey anekada jilhyala mulachya garajancha dirghakalin drushtikon deu shakatat.
vargikaran.
ekada baithakit serve moolyamapan sahitya sadar kele aanee tyacha aadhava ghetala qee, mool vishesh shikshan sevansathi patra aahe qee nahee heey aay. eae. pii. chya chamoone pratham tharvave. patra mulala shikshan aanee shikshanacha laabh milanyasathi vishesh shikshanachya hastakshepachi aavashyakta asel. jarr sanghala mool vishesh shikshanasathi patra aadhalale, tarr tyanni mulache 13 paiki eka vargat vargikaran karane aavashyak aahe.
yuu. aii. madheel vidyarthyanvaril mahitiche takta khalilpramane aahe.ess. aanee 6 teey 21 vayogatatil, jyanna 2006-2007 shaikshanik varshat vishesh shikshan midale, asha bahya bhaganna.
hii kalpana shaley jilhyanna tyanchya vivekbuddhinusar laksh-kamatarata/atisakriyata vikar (aii. dii. etch. dii.) aanee vyapak vikasatmak vikar (pii. dii. dii.) yanche vargikaran jodanyas anumati dete, parantu aavashyak nahee.
vaiyaktik shikshan karyakramacha (aay. eae. pii.) vikas.
vaiyaktik shikshan karyakram haah eka gut (kadhikadhi vishesh shikshan samitee mhanoon sandarbhit) vikasit karato jyamadhye kiman eka palak aanee vidyarthyasobat kaam madat vyavsayikancha samavesh asane aavashyak aahe. shikshak aanee shaala prashasanacha pratinidhi samanyatah yaa baithka upasthit rahane aavashyak asate. palak, teey nivadalelya konatyahi karanasathi, teey jyanna nivadatat tyanna dekhil samavisht karoo shakatat.
palakanna baithakichi lekhee mahitee dilee pahije. adhisuchanemadhye baithakicha uddesh, vel aanee thikan soochit karane aavashyak aahe aanee pratyek vyaktiche naav aanee sthanasah upasthit asalelya lokanchi yadee karane aavashyak aahe. jarr palak nirdharit velee upasthit rahoo shakat nastil, tarr kutumbachya garja bhagavanyasathi baithakiche velapatrak badalale pahije.
vaiyaktik shikshan karyakram.
aay. eae. pii. madhye heey samavisht asane aavashyak aaheh
yogya sthan nishchit karane.
aay. eae. pii. baithakinantar tyanchya mulasathi seva nemki kuthe aanee kashee puravilya jaatil yachee lekhee soochana palakanna dilee gelee pahije. bahutek vela, suchavalela karyakram jilhyatil sarvajanik shaala vyavasthemadhye asel. jevha ekhadya vidyarthyache apangatva asey asate qee tyachya kinwa tichya garja jeelhyat purn kelya jaau shakat naheet, tevha shaley jilha jilhyabaheril karyakramat niyukti suchavu shakato. yaa karyakramanmadhye divasabharachya upcharancha karyakram, khajgi vishesh shikshan shaala, nivasi shaala kinwa gharguti shikshanacha samavesh asoo shakato. serve prakarananmadhye, palakanni tyanchya mulasathi karyakram yogya aahe qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi karyakramache nirikshan karnyasathi shifaras kelelya sthalanna bhet dilee pahije.
prakriyatmak suraksha.
vishesh shikshan prakriyedarmyan palak kinwa palakanna mahitee denyasathi tyanna samajavun sangitalelya vishesh shikshanatil prakriya mhanje prakriyatmak suraksha. samanyatah teey sanghik baithakit sadar kele jaatat, parantu teey lavkar pradan kele jaau shakatat. tyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
nihpakshapati sunavani/madhyasthi.
palak shaley jilhyachya karyakramachya shifarshishishi asahmat asoo shakatat. asha paristhitit, aaee. eae. pii. chee shifaras nakaranyachi karane shalechya jilhyala spasht aanee sankshiptapane soochit karoon palak jilhyachya shifarashi nakaru shakatat. karyakramachi shifaras midalyanantar 30 divasanchya aat hii soochana lekhee dilee jaane aavashyak aahe.
palak aanee shaley jilhyanmadhil vivad sodavanyasathi yaa kalpanet done paddhati dilya aahet. yamadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
1. sambandhit sevesathi satranchi sankhya kinwa vishesh shaikshanik vargacha aakar yasarkhya aay. eae. pii. shhee asalelya chhotya matbhedancha aadhava ghenyasathi vyavharya sadhan asoo shakanari madhyasthi.
2. nihpakshapati sunavani hii eka yogya prakriya-aadharit aupcharik karyavahi aahe jee palakanna jilhyachya vaiyaktik shikshan yojanela sampoorn kinwa anshatah aavhan denyas anumati dete.
vidyarthyanche vartan aanee shist.
jyaa vidyarthyane vidyarthi aacharsanhiteche ullanghan madat vartanat guntale aahe jyala nilamban kinwa 10 divasanpeksha jaast kamachya badalane shiksha hote, tyala abhivyakti nirdharan sunavani dilee jaane aavashyak aahe. yaa shravanshakticha uddesh haah aahe qee, apangatvamule white vartan hote qee nahee heey tharvane. jarr asey asel tarr shaley jilha samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi kinwa vidyarthyala adhik pratibandhatmak vatavaranat halavanyasathi vidyarthyacha karyakram badalanyacha prayatna karel. jarr white vartanacha apangatvashi sambandh nasel (udaa.jee.dyslexia asalela vidyarthi joou sangitale vidyarthyala marto), tarr tyaa vidyarthyala konatyahi apang nasalelya vidyarthyapramanech shiksha houu shakate.
vartanachi samasya vidyarthyachya apangatvamule udbhavalyas apang vidyarthyanna samanyatah 10 divasanpeksha jaast kaal nilambit kele jaau shakat nahee kinwa shaletoon kadhoon takale jaau shakat nahee. vishesh garja asalelya vidyarthyala nilambit kinwa shaletoon kadhoon takalyas, shaley jilhyane samanyatah shaikshanik seva puravine suru thewale pahije (udaharanarth, gruh abhyas karyakramadvare).
apang vidyarthyanna faujdari kayadyanpasun suut nahee aanee tyaa babatit tyanna konatyahi vidyarthyanpramane vagavale jaate. udaharanarth, misaurichya surakshit shaala kayadyantargat, hatya, jabardastine balatkar kinwa itar anek hinsak gunhyancha aarop asalelya kinwa doshi tharavalelya konatyahi vidyarthyala shaletoon kadhoon takale pahije; vishesh shikshanachya vidyarthyanna konatihi suut nahee. amali padarthancha durupyog, shastre balgane kinwa gambhir sharirik dukhapat karane (udaa.jee.jaree ullanghan vidyarthyachya apangatvamule jhaale asale taree, karmchari, vidyarthi kinwa shaletil abhyagatala marhan kelyane) dirghkal nilamban houu shakate.
vishesh shikshan shikavanyachya paddhati.
 vishesh shikshan shikavanyache anek vegvegale marg aahet aanee gelya dashakat, apang vidyarthyanchya sankhyet tasech tyanchyasathi upalabdh asalelya sansadhananchya sankhyet vaadh jhaali aahe. vishesh shikshan seva seva vidyarthyanchi vaadh 2009-10 madhye 13.1 takke aanee 2019-20 pasoon sumare 14.4 takke jhaali aahe.
saha-shikshan
'saha-shikshan eka ashee vividhata pradan karate jee vidyarthyanchya vaiyaktik garjannusar darroj lavchikta aanee badal pradan karoo shakate. vishesh shikshanasathi, saha-shikshak vidyarthyanna sarvottam aadhar kassa dyayacha yasathi atirikt samarthan aanee kalpana pradan karatat. shivay, vargat done shikshak asalyamule vidyarthyanna adhik tatkal madat miloo shakate kaaran shikshakanni itar vidyarthyanna pratham madat karane purn karnyasathi tyanna jaast vel vaat pahavi lagat nahee.
saha-shikshanacha aanakhi eka ghatak mhanje teey shikanyatil apangatva asalelya vidyarthyanna paramparik varg vyavasthet samakalit karnyas anumati dete. saha-shikshanasathi shikshakanmadhye dainandin aadharavar shikavanyachya sarvottam paddhatibaddal sanvad aavashyak asato aanee vishesh shikshanachya vidyarthyansathi heey fayadeshir tharoo shakate kaaran teey tyaa vishisht divasasathi shikavanyachya sarvat prabhavi paddhaticha samanvay aanee charcha karnyas saksham asatat. shikanyatil apangatva nasalelya samvayaskanni vedhalele asane, tyanchya swatachya vargat purnapane alipta rahnyaivaji, madat aanee sanvadacha aanakhi eka prakar mhanoon kaam karoo shakate. shikanyatil apangatvashivay tyanchya vargmitranmadhil sanvadamule aaplepanachi aanee swikrutichi bhavna dekhil nirman houu shakate, jyamule shikshanat aanakhi sudharana houu shakate aanee protsahan miloo shakate. samaveshamule vidyarthyanchi kamgiri vadhu shakate aanee paramparik vargamadhye tyanche shikshan vadhu shakate.
sangeet 
mulansathi shikanyatil apangatvamule mendutil eka prakriyet vyatyay yeto jithe kahitari naveen shikalyavar neurons aag lavtat. shikanyatil apangatvamule, majjatantuche jaale titke karyakshamatene karya karoo shakat nahee jyamule yaa vidyarthyanna mahitee midvanyat adchan yete. yacha arth assa qee vidyarthi tyanchya samvayaskanni midavalelya shaikshanik yashachya patalipeksha khalee padatat, parinami teey bahudha badbad karatat kinwa trasdayak paddhatine vagatat. 
sandnyanatmak vartanatil badal (see. bii. emm.) heey karyatmak shikshanatil badal, samajik shikshan aanee sandnyanatmak siddhantache mishran aahe aanee vidyarthyanchya vartanas aakar denyas madat karate. satatyapurn parinam vidyarthyanchya vartanas aakar deu shakatat. ekandarit, yaa teen shikanyachya paddhatinchya sanyogamule vidyarthyanna shikanyachya prakriyet sakriy honyas madat hote jyamule sangeet shikshakanna shikanyache prabhavi vatavaran nirman karata yeil. yacha samna karnyasathi, sangeet shikshak talhya vajavoon kinwa adhik utsahasathi, zylophone vajavoon vidyarthyanna sahbhagi karoon gheu shakatat. shikanyatil apangatva asalele mool aapoaap naveen mahitee jodat nahee aanee vyavasthit karat nahee. tyanna sangitashi jodoon, teey mahitiche antargatkaran karanyachi adhik shakyata asate. yaa vidyarthyanchya garja purn karnyacha eka sopa marg mhanje mandalavar eka sadhee ruparesha kinwa vidyarthyanna eka hatpuda dene. tarun vidyarthyambabat, heey chitrafalak swarupat asoo shakate, jithe shikshak yaa vidyarthyanna vidyarthyanna samagriche punaravalokan karoo shakatat. akheris, yamule vidyarthyanna teey shikanar asalelya sahityasathi eka samanya chaukat tayar karata yete aanee tee tayar karata yete. eka vishisht dhoran jeey sanghatanatmak chaukat pradan karate teey mhanje smaraneey sadhane. udaharanarth, teen pattyanvaril nota nota aanee reshet asalelya nota lakshat thevun shikalya jaau shakatat, jase qee "pratyek changla mulga changla karato."jevha shikshak prakriya shikavanyasathi vel kadhatat aanee jevha changle shikavale jaatat, tevha vidyarthi tyanchya swatachya kamache moolyankan kase karave heey shikatat tevha yaa upayayojana sarvat prabhavi tharatat. jyaa vidyarthyansathi aii. dii. etch. dii. aahe, tyanchyasathi sangeet vargatil sanrachit vatavaran adhik prabhavi tharel. yacha arth rojchi satatyapurn vyavastha thevane, niyukt aasan (aii. dii. etch. dii. vidyarthyanna laksh vichalit karnyapasoon door thevane), satatyapurn dincharya, spasht apeksha thevane, kamacha vel qamee karane aanee mulanna laksh vichalit karnyasathi tayar karane heey serve sanrachit vatavaran rabavanyache marg aahet. sangeet shikshak tyanna swarasyapoorn aanee ekagra thevanyasathi halchal aanee sangeet anubhav deu shakatat.
abhyas aanee deta.
vividh sansadhane vishesh shikshanatil dhoran nirmitisathi jaagtik vishleshan pradan karatat. vishesh shikshan prathamik anudairdhya abhyas (seals) haah yuu. ess. madheel vishesh shikshan karyakramanchya karyalayane (oo. ess. eae. pii.) nidhi puravalelya shaley-vayogatatil vidyarthyancha abhyas hota.ess. 1997 chya divyang shikshan kayada (kalpana 97) chya rashtriy mulyankanacha bhag asalela shikshan vibhag. 2000 teey 2006 yaa kalat, sealsney prathamik shaletoon madhyamik shalet aanee madhyamik shaletoon madhyamik shalet jaat asatana vidyarthyanchya rashtriy namunyachya shaley anubhavanche dastaivajikaran kele. shikkyanche eka mahattvache vaishishtya mhanje tyat ekach velee vidyarthyanchya shaikshanik, samajik, vyavsayik aanee vaiyaktik vikasakade laksh dile jaat nahee. tyaeivaji, kalantarane yaa kshetrantil badalache moolyankan karnyasathi tyachi rachana karnyat aalee hotee.
1992 pasoon, vishesh shikshan vitt kendrane (see. ess. eae. eff.) sampoorn americet vishesh shikshan sevanchya vitaran aanee pathimbyashi sambandhit vittiy dhoranvishayak samasyankade laksh dile aahe. see. ess. eae. eff. neey vishesh shikshan kharch prakalp (see. eae. pii.) aayojit keela, joou vishesh shikshan karyakram karyalay (oo. ess. eae. pii.) aanee tyachya purvavartikanni gelya 40 varshant vishesh shikshan aanee sambandhit sevanvaril deshachya kharchache parikshan karnyasathi prayojit kelela chautha prakalp aahe. aath seep abhyas webwar upalabdh aahet.
serve apang mulanna mofat yogya sarvajanik shikshanachi tartud karnyachya dishene jhalelya pragaticha aanee arbhake aanee apang mulanna lavkar hastakshep sevanchi tartud karnyababat shikshan vibhagane darvarshi ahwal dene aavashyak aahe. aahe varshik ahavalat done khand aahet aanee too electronic paddhatine upalabdh aahe. 
3 aktoobar 2001 roji, adhyaksh george busch yanni apang vidyarthyanchya shaikshanik kamgirimadhye sudharana karnyasathi dhorananchi shifaras karnyachya uddeshane federal, rajya aanee sthanik vishesh shikshan karyakramanshi sambandhit mahitee aanee abhyasache mudde gola karnyasathi vishesh shikshanatil utkrushtatevar tatpurata aayog sthapan keela. vishesh shikshanatil utkrushtatevaril rashtrapati aayogane (pce) 1 julai 2002 roji aapala ahwal rashtrapati busch yanna deela.
pradeshik vishesh shikshan karyakramanchya parinamanvaril aakadevari vaividhyapurn aahe aanee kahee sanshodhan suchavatat qee mukhya pravahatil kinwa samaveshak karyakramambabat nirnay ghetana jaankar prashasak kitee mahitipurn asatat yavar parinam avalambun asatat. eka abhyasat madhyamik shalet samavesh kelyane lakshaniy fayda disun aala, jyamadhye vidyarthyanni apangatva heey kalankapeksha eka vaishishtya asalyache sangitale. sangitale eka ahavalat, vishesh shikshan shikshakanni samanya shikshan shikshakanmadhye vishesh shikshanachya dnyanachya gunavattebaddal asantosh vyakt keela aanee aanee ektepanachi samanya bhavna vyakt kelee, tasech sansadhan kakshat niyukt kelelya vidyarthyanmadhye moolbhut pramanit chachani gunanmadhye vaadh disun aalee. tathapi, vishesh shikshan shikshakanchya kiman eka gatane yaa bhoomikebaddal samadhan vyakt kele, heey lakshat gheuun qee yamule tyanna tyanchya vidyarthyanshi sambandhit honyas madat jhaali. 
vishesh shaikshanik karyakram, jevha patra vyavsayik aanee saksham prashasakanni rabavale jaatat, tevha vishesh garja asalelya vidyarthyanna adhik swatantra jeevan jaganyas, kamgar dalat pravesh karnyas aanee tyanchya samvayaskanmadhye sakaratmak sambandh vikasit karnyas saksham asalelyansarkhya samudayanna dirghakalin sakaratmak laabh midvoon detat asey disun aale aahe.
vishesh shikshanat african-american.
abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee alpasankhyak vidyarthyanchi ekoon asman sankhya sevansathi patra mhanoon olakhali jaate aanee aanee tyanna vegalya aanee nirbandhit shaikshanik vyavasthanmadhye thewale jaate. thomas bii. yanchya eka peparnusar, tyanchya yete samkakshanchya tulanet, african-american mulanna 'mandbuddhi' asey label lagnyachi shakyata jawaljawal tippat jaast hotee. parrish, american institute auph risarchmadhil sanshodhan shastradnya."
pratyek rajyavar sankalit keleli naveen aakadevari, 'mandgati', 'vishisht shikanyatil apangatva' aanee 'bhavnik aswasthata' yaa shreninmadhye alpasankhyakanche jaast aanee qamee pratinidhitva darshavate."connecticut, mississippy, dakshin carolina, uttar carolina aanee nebraskamadhil african-american vidyarthyanna tyaa rajyanmadhye garibeet yete vidyarthyanpeksha" "mandbuddhiche" "mhanoon olakhanyachi shakyata chaar patine jaast aahe". florida, alabama, delaware, nyu jersey aanee koloradomadhye bauddhikdrushtya apang mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya african-american vidyarthyanchi sankhya yete vidyarthyanchya tippat hotee. balpanichya shikshanat, garibeet garibeet alpasankhyak mulanna vividh seva milanyachi shakyata aaplyala disun yete. eka anudairdhya abhyasane apangatva aanee sambhavya apangatvachi pravrutti teen shrenindware pahili. sthapit kelele nirdeshak hoteh jaivik jokhim, vikasatmak jokhim aanee prapt jhalelya bhag buub seva. 62 takke mulanna kiman eka nirdeshak denyat aala hota.
harvard vidyapithatil nagri haqq prakalpat alpasankhyak mulanna vishesh shikshanat chukichya thikani thevanyachya samasyeche 'nirakaran aanee olakh' karnyacha vichar karnyat aala. auphis phaur sivil rites yuu' madhye darshavilyapramane, tyanchya sanshodhanala chalana dene.ess. shikshan vibhag, prathamik aanee madhyamik shaletil nagri haqq ahwal (2000), "ekoon shaley nondanipaiki african-american vidyarthi keval 17 takke hote; tathapi, yapaiki 33 takke vidyarthyanna bauddhikdrushtya apang mhanoon vargikrut kele gele hote. yamule african-american vidyarthi aanee vishesh shikshanatil itar vansh kinwa vanshik vidyarthi yanchyatil mothee vishamata disun yete. yete vidyarthyanchi ekoon shaley nondani 63 takke hotee, tarr tyapaiki keval 54 takke vidyarthyanna bauddhikdrushtya apang (lossen, orphield XVI) mhanoon vargikrut karnyat aale hote. hyspanixchi ekoon shaley nondani 15 takke hotee; tathapi, vishesh shikshanat tyanche pratinidhitva qamee hote aanee tyanchya ekunpaiki keval 10 takke bauddhikdrushtya apang (lossen, orphield XVI) mhanoon vargikrut kele gele hote. tasech, bhavnik aswasthata (edd) aanee vishisht shikanyatil apangatva (ess. ell. dii.) antargat olakhalya gelelya african-american vidyarthyanche praman lakshaniy vadhale. nagri haqq prakalp "vishesh shikshanavishayichya chinta samanyatah shikshanatil asamanatevishayichya chintanmadhye gumphalelya aahet heey [olakha]" (lossen, kinwa feeled XVI).
shikshak kinwa sadhan mulachya nidan karnyachya paddhativar parinam karoo shakatat asey anek purvagrah aahet. eka prakarcha purvagrah mhanje sanskrutik purvagrah, joou mulansathichya wexler buddhimatta pramanadvare darshavila jaato, joou european-american bauddhikdrushtya aksham mhanoon asamanatene adhik african-american vargikrut karane siddha jhaale aahe.
vishesh shikshanatil african american lokanchi asman sankhya keval vishesh shikshanatil samasyemulech navhe tarr sampoorn vyavasthetil samasyemule udbhavate. wanda blanchetne 2006 madhye 'shaikshanik sanshodhak' madhye prakashit kelelya tichya lekhat varnan kelyapramaneh 'pandhara visheshadhikar aanee varnabhed heey vishesh shikshanat yogdan detat aanee rakhatat (aaa) pramukhyane african american aanee garib mule upasthit asalelya shalanna apurya pramanat nidhi puravatat; (buub) sanskratikdrushtya ayogya aanee pratisad naan denara abhyaskram niyukt karatat; aanee (qa) african american vidyarthi aanee itar rangeet vidyarthyanna prabhavipane shikavanyasathi shikshakanna apurya pramanat tayar karatat' (blanchett 24). jevha tyanchi bhoomika anekada vidyarthyanchya hitasathi kaam karat asalyache manale jaate, tevha shikshak vishesh shikshanat african american vidyarthyanchi asman sankhya kayam thevat aahet, hii samasya aahe.
vishesh shikshanat asalelya african american vidyarthyannahi tyanchya apang nasalelya samvayaskanpasun vegale karanyachi shakyata jaast asate. mothya shahari shaley jilhyanmadhye hii samasya anekada sarvat white asate. mothya shaley jilhyanmadhil african-american vidyarthyanchya pruthakkaranat yogdan denari dhorane aanee paddhati naveen sanshodhanat thalakpane adhorekhit kelya aahet. mothya shahari shaley jilhyacha aanee tyachya vishesh shaikshanik dhoranancha alikadil prakaran abhyas asey ughad karatoh (aaa) jilha-stariy samaveshan dhorane jee vyapak hotee aanee shalanna thode margadarshan puravat hotee; (buub) adhik samaveshan saksham karoo shakanari apuri nidhi aanee prashikshan; (qa) purnapane vegalya vishesh shikshan shaala aanee vishesh shikshan karyakramanchi dekhbhal; aanee (daad) palakanchya yogya prakriyechya takrarinshi sambandhit kayadeshir adthale (dematheuse andd mauhinni, 2013).
ekhadya vidyarthyala vishesh shikshanasathi pathvave qee nahee, yababat nirnay ghenyachya prakriyet shaley manasshastradnya dekhil sahbhagi asatat. 2005 madhye prakashit jhalelya abhyasat asey disun aale aahe qee shaley manasshastradnyanna asey vatate qee vidyarthyanvishayi nirnay ghetana aantar-sanskrutik kshamata haah sarvat motha ghatak hota, tarihi "sambhavya 56 paiki 36.8 gunanchi aatm-aaklan keleli aantar-sanskrutik kshamata" (cairn, phorda, linnie 304). yacha arth assa qee shaley manasshastradnyanna asey vatale qee teey vidyarthyanchya vatine nirnay ghenyachya sarvat mothya ghatkashi vyavhar karnyat keval 66 takke prabhavi aahet.
dvibhashik vishesh shikshan.
1980 chee janganana aanee sthalantar aanee naisargik seva nondinchya aadhare, assa andaj aahe qee americet shaley vayatil 79 dashalaksh bhasha alpasankhyak mule aahet. hii dvibhashik loksankhya nairutya aanee ishanyekadil mothya pramanasah sampoorn americet pasarleli aahe. mothya shahari bhagat sarvadhik praman aahe.
americetil maryadit ingraji praveenata (ell. eae. pii.) asaleli ekoon loksankhya lakshat gheta, dvibhashik vishesh shikshakansathi eka mahattvacha prashna assa aahe qee yapaiki kitee vidyarthyanna apangatva dekhil aahe. yuu. nusar.ess. vishesh shikshanache karyalay, andaje 948,000 mule bhashikdrushtya bhinn asoo shakatat aanee apangatva asoo shakatat-eka lakshaniy loksankhya jyanna dvibhashik vishesh shikshan sevancha laabh miloo shakato. yavyatirikt, alpasankhyak vidyarthyanchi asman sankhya vishesh shikshanat thewali jaate. mansik mandata' aanee bhavnik aswasthata yasarkhya apangatvachya vishisht shreninmadhye alpasankhyak mulanche atee-pratinidhitva hii vishesh chintechi baab aahe.
apang vyakti shikshan sudharana kayada (kalpana, 2004) sammat jhalyapasun shaikshanik paridrushya khoop badalale aahe. vishesh shikshanasathi konate vidyarthi patra aahet heey tharvanyasathi adhikadhik rajye hastakshep (aar. tii. aay.) prakriyes pratisad dett aahet. buddhimatta chachanidware mojalyapramane, vidyarthyanchi kshamata aanee tyanchi kamgiri yanchyat visangati sthapit karoon patrata yapudhe nishchit kelee jaat nahee. jevha ekhada vidyarthi hastakshepala pratisad denyat ayashasvi hoto tevhach tyala kinwa teela vishesh shaikshanik chachanisathi pathavale jaate. asha prakare, aar. tii. aay. neey ellsberober (ingraji bhasha shikanare) pakshapati moolyankan prakriyebaddalachya kahee dirghakalin chintanche nirakaran kele aahe. tarihi yaa vidyarthyanchya vividh garja puresha pramanat vicharat naan gheta, aar. tii. aay. chee amalbajavani ekach ekach serve marganni kelee jaate (klingner aanee edward, 2006). aanee jaree guptachar chachanya purvipramanech varanvartene dilya jaat nasalya taree, kahee samasyapradhan moolyankan prakriya suru aahet.
creeda karyakram.
shalanni divyang vidyarthyanna creeda sanghanmadhye khelane yasarkhya shaley-prayojit atirikt abhyaskramanmadhye yogya pravesh deela pahije. heey kadhikadhi sharyatisathi wheelchair vibhagasarkhe swatantra karyakram pradan karoon kele jaate aanee itar vela apang vidyarthyala apang nasalelya vidyarthyansobat khelvoon kele jaate. parikshandvare nivadalelya sanghanmadhye shalanni patra nasalelya kheladunna thevanyachi aavashyakta nahee aanee tyanna khelache konatehi aavashyak niyam badalanyachi aavashyakta nahee. asha kahee shaala aahet jyanchya vishesh olympicshi bhagidari aahe, visheshtah vidyarthyanchya vishesh garjansathi eka creeda sanstha; aanee kahivela, shaala tyanchya kheladunna vishesh olympic creeda spardhanmadhye madat karnyasathi pathavtat.
sankraman seva.
2004 chaa divyang shikshan kayada, divyang mulansathi sankraman sevansambandhichya niyamanna sambodhit karato. sankraman seva mulanchya shaikshanik aanee karyatmak kamgiri sudharnyavar laksh kendrit karnyasathi tayar kelya jaatat, tyaa vyaktichya garjanvar aadharit asatat aanee rojgar aanee swatantra jivanasathi mahattvapoorn soochana aanee anubhav pradan karatat. apang vidyarthyanna praudh jeevan jaganyasathi tayar karane aanee karyatmak jeevan kaushalye, samajik aanee samudayik kaushalye, karya kaushalye aanee swayam-samarthan kaushalye yabaddal soochana dene heey sankramankalin sevanche uddisht aahe. bahutansh rajyanmadhye, yaa seva vayachya vayachya varshaparyant (mishiganmadhye vayachya vayachya varshaparyant) kinwa jevha vidyarthi tyachi/tichi uddishte aanee uddishte purn karato, tevha pradan kelya jaau shakatat, jyaa vidyarthyachya aay. eae. pii. (vaiyaktik shikshan karyakram) madhye tapshilvar dilya pahijet.
bhavishyakal.
anek shaala sansadhananchya abhavamule divyang vidyarthyanna yogya seva denyasathi sangharsh karatat. eka samasya mhanje gambhir apangatva asalelya vyaktinna madat madat madhyamik shikshananantarchya shaikshanik karyakramancha abhav. deshbharatil vidyapithe bauddhik apangatvasathi mahavidhyalaye aanee vidyapithanmadhye shaikshanik nasaleli patt shibire puravat aahet. uchch shikshanachi padvi midvu naan naan vyaktinna yashasvipane kase jagave aanee swatachi kalji kashee ghyavi heey shikavanyacha prayatna asha karyakramanmadhye keela jaato, tarr tyanna swarasya asalelya karkirdisathi arj karnyasathi aavashyak shikshan dekhil dile jaate.
yaa karyakramancha sarvat katheen pailu mhanje shrenikaran nikash, kaaran uchch shikshanachya shaikshanik manakanchi purtata karnyas asamarth asalelya lokansathi paramparik mahavidhyalayin shrenikaran khoop aavashyak aahe. american with disabilities act aanee 504 antargat, uchch shikshan suvidha keval credit padvi karyakramasathi pravesh ghetalelya apang mahavidhyalayin vidyarthyanna 'vajvi nivas' deu shakatat. teey vegala abhyaskram deu shakat naheet.
heey karyakram visheshtah bauddhik apangatva asalelya vidyarthyansathi nishchit shreni nikash asalele varg aayojit karnyachya dishene kaam karat aahet. yaa serve karyakramansathi vidyapithanmadhye pravesh ghenyasathi arj karnyachya vidyarthyanche adyayavat moolyamapan karane aavashyak aahe.

