
saav sebastio, saav paulo

saao sebastio (portugijah sant sebastian) hii brazilchya saao paulo rajyatil brazilchya aagney kinanyavar sthit eka brazilian nagarpalika aahe. 2020 madhye loksankhya 90,328 hotee, tyachi ghanata 185/chauras kiimii hotee aanee kshetrafal 403 chauras kiimii aahe. makarvrutt 25 kiimii uttarela aahe. nagarpalika 1636 pasoon astitvat hotee aanee tee santo amarochya junya aanuvanshik karnadharpadacha eka bhag hotee.
ilhabelachi dweepsamuh nagarpalika shaharachya purv kinanyavar aahe; dweepsamuhatil sarvat mothya betala saao sebastio asehi mhanatat. shahar aanee betadarmyan, 30 kilometer lambicha aanee badalanari rundi (2 kiimii haah sarvat lahan paar karnara marg) asalela saao sebastiao kalwa aahe. petrobraschi upakampani asalelya transpetrochya malakiche yaa vahinivar eka teel terminal aahe.
heey shahar tyachya samudrakinanyansathi prasiddha aahe, jyamule teey visheshtah saao paulo rajyatil lokansathi eka lokpriy paryatan sthal banate. bertiyogachya simejaval, funaidware vyavasthapit eka lahan gwarani gaav aahe.
itihas.
portugij pratham yenyapurvi, yaa bhagat uttarela tupinambus aanee dakshinela tupiniquin lock rahat hote. donhi jamatinna shaharachya madhyabhagapasun 30 kiimii dakshines asalelya sera dii boikukanga ("boikukanga parvat rang") neey vegale kele hote. donhi jamatinna ekmekambaddal white vatat asey. jevha french gwanabara khadimarge brazilmadhye pohochale aanee portugijancha samna keela, tevha tupiniquin portugij aanee tupinambas franchamberober ekatra aale. tyanchyamadhil hii ladhai hans steadonne pahili aanee varnan kele.
20 janewari 1502 roji shahar aanee ilhabela darmyanchya vahinitoon amerikechi vespucio moheem jaat hotee tyaa divasachya sanmanarth yaa nagarpalikela sant sebastianche naav denyat aale.
brazilchya capitanias vanshparamparagat vibhagat upavibhag jhalyanantar lagechach tethe sthayik honare pahile portugij diogo dii anahat, diogo dias, joao dii abreu, gonsalo pedroso aanee francisco dii escobar ortiz hote. saao sebastio haah santo amarochya karnadharpadacha bhag hota. haah parisar pratham shetee aanee masemariche gaav mhanoon vikasit karnyat aala. shetichya upkramanmule gaav eka pramukh oos utpadak banale, jyamule nantar 16 march 1636 roji yaa gawala gavacha darja midvanyas madat jhaali. haah darja midvanyasathi, gawala sant sebastian yanchya sanmanarth eka church bandhave lagale.
yanantar kahee varshanni, saao sebastiochya agadi uttares aanakhi eka gaav vikasit jhaleh saao francisco daa priya ("samudrakinanyache sant francis"). 1840 madhye, yaa vastine swatantra honyasathi pahile paul uchlaleh tyanni tyala eka frageshiya bananyas sangitale. akheris tyach varshi hii vinanti sweekarli gelee, parantu 1859 madhye fregutiachi sthapana jhaali aanee tee punha saao sebastiomadhye jodali gelee.
oos, coffey, tambakhu aanee masemarichya utpadanavar shahar aapali arthvyavastha aadharvat rahile. 17vya aanee 18vya shatkat sthanik bandaracha vapar minas geraimadhun sonyachi jahaje bharnyasathi mothya pramanat keela jaat asey. yacha vapar samudri daku aanee taskarhi karat asat.
jevha 1888 madhye gulamgiri radd karnyat aalee aanee saao paulola santoschya mothya bandarashi jodanari railway ughadanyat aalee, tevha shaharachya arthvyavasthene sankatachya kalat pravesh keela aanee loksankhya qamee jhaali. tyaa kshanapasun, shahar udarnirvah shetee aanee "hastakala masemari" ("pesca artesanal") varr avalambun rahoo lagale, masemaripasoon teey upbhogaparyant purnapane hatane kele jaanare masemariche eka prakar (dusya shabdant, konatihi yantrana vaparali jaat nahee aanee bahutek lock jeey tyacha sarav karatat teey udarnirvahasathi dekhil karatat).
1960chya dashkaparyant farse kahee badalale nahee. tathapi, tyaa dashakat petrobrasne naveen karmchari aanee guntavanukila aakarshit karoon aapale teel terminal bandhale. shaharachi loksankhya vaadh vyapak aanee jalad hott gelee. shaharache kendra vikasit hott asatana, brazilchya itar bhaganmadhun sthalantarit jhalelya kamgaranni serra doow marjaval tyanchi ghare bandhali, jyamule topolandiacha parisar sthapan jhaala, joou aata khalchya darjachya kutumbancha nivassthan aahe.
1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat saao sebastio heey eka paryatan sthal banale, jevha 'rodovia reo-santos' (santos aanee reo dii janeiro yanna jodanara bii. aar.-101 chaa eka bhag) purn jhaala. bahutek jameen grameen bhaganna kinwa poulistanachya kutumbanna vikali gelee hotee jyanna aathvadyache shevatche divas aanee suttya kinanyavar ghalavanyasathi ghar havey hote. bahutansh 'kaikara' (jeey lock masemaritun udarnirvah karatat) paryatan kshetrat kaam karoo lagale, jaree tyanchyapaiki kahijan ajunahi masemaritun paise kamavatat.
aataparyant, shaharachya arthvyavasthet paryatanachi mahattvachi bhoomika aahe. tathapi, jasjase shaharacha vikas hott gela, tasatase pratyek imaratisathi yogya paanee aanee sandapani pipe bandhale gele naheet, jyamule shaharachya kahee bhaganmadhye yogya shahari payabhoot suvidhancha abhav nirman jhaala. november 2010 paryant shaharatil 50 takkyanhun qamee sandpanyavar yogya prakriya jhaali. tathapi, saao paulo rajyachya sarkarne 'onda limpa' ('swachchh laat') navachya prakalpanantar, sandpanyachya nalanna jodalelya gharanchi takkewari janewari 2012 paryant 94 takkyanparyant vadhali.
yavyatirikt, avaidh ghare hii eka mothee samasya bunley, kaaran maata atlantica kshetranmadhye adhik ghare bandhali jaatat, jee jatan nirbandhanchya adheen asalyane, bhuskhalanamule grast honyachi shakyata jaast asate. gothalelya bhagat mhanje jyaa bhagat naveen ghare bandhanyachi parvanagi nahee asha bhagat andaje 11,045 ghare bandhali gelee aahet. yaa pradeshatil naveen imaratinchi sankhya darvarshi 20 takkyanni vadhate.
shaharasathi aanakhi eka sadhyacha dhoka mhanje samudrachya patalit vaadh, jyacha kinarpattijaval asalelya anek samudrakinare aanee imaratinvar parinam houu shakato.
march 2012 madhye, saao sebastioche upmahapour, wagner texera (pii. vhee.) yanna shaharachya kinanyavar, paredo betajaval, alcatrez dweepsamuhajaval bekaydeshir masemari kartana pakadanyat aale. too tyachya khajgi botivar itar paach purushansah hota aanee tyachya enginemadhye gass sampato toparyant thambla nahee, agadi tyachya shepativar cyron lavalelya tatarakshak dalanehi. too dhokyat asalelya prajatinsah 116 kilo maase gheuun jaat hota aanee tyaa bhagat masemarivar bandee asalyachi tyala mahitee nasalyache tyane sangitale.
saao sebastio bandarala pudhil dashakat lakshaniy guntavanuk milel jenekarun 2035 paryant suru rahnyachya dirghakalin vistar prakalpat tyachi parichalan kshamata vadhel. bandaratil karmchanyanchi sankhya sadhyachya 450 varoon 4500 paryant vadhanyachi apeksha aahe, tyapaiki done trutiyansh sthanik rahivashanna kamavar thevane aavashyak aahe. pudhil varshansathi (tatpuratya 2016) apekshit asalelya aanakhi eka sudharanemadhye tamoos mahamargachya gallya duppat karane samavisht aahe, jee saao jose doses campos aanee shejarchya karaguatatuba shaharala jodate aanee saao paulo aanee itar anek shaharanmadhun yenanya lokansathi shaharakade jaanara mukhya marg aahe.
bhoogol.
kahee seela phone towers aanee transmission towers vagalata shaharatil aksharshah serve kahee atlantic mahasagar aanee parvatanmadhil arund maidananvar sthit aahe. shaharachya madhya bhagat, hii maidane kadhihi 3 kimipeksha rund nasatat, jaree pashchimekadil qamee vikasit bhagat tee 6 kimeeparyant asoo shakatat. shaharacha bahutansh bhag enceda samudrakinara (karaguatatubachya aadhicha shevatcha samudrakinara) aanee guaka samudrakinara yanchya darmyan kendrit aahe. toke toke grand samudrakinanyapasun borasia samudrakinanyaparyant (barthiyogachya aadhicha shevatcha samudrakinara), hotels, unhali ghare aanee niteclub yaa bhupradeshavar varchasva gajavatat. gwaratuba nadee hii barthiyogachi seema chinhankit karate, tarr jukerikere nadee karaguatatubachi seema chinhankit karate.
shaharamadhye sagari hawaman aahe, varshik sarasari tapman 24°seey. aahe. bahutek dongral bhoobhag aanee bete atlantic jangalane vyapaleli aahet.
done jilhe nagarpalika tayar karatatah saao sebastiao jilha ("distrito dii saao sebastiao") aanee maurasius jilha ("distrito dii maurasius").
bete aanee chhote bett.
shaharachya kinarpattivar anek bete aanee lahan bete pasarleli aahet, tee serve pracheen jwalamukhi kriyakalapanni nirman jhaleli aahet. sarvat mothe aanee sarvat prasiddha mhanje ilha deey saao sebastio ("saao sebastio bett"), jeey ilhabela nagarpalikacha bhag aahe.
toke-toke bete.
uttarekadun dakshinekade pahanare toke-toke grand bett ilahabelanantar pratham yete aanee tyach navachya samudrakinanasamor aahe. tithe naa kinare aahet aanee naa lock, pann teey scooba divingsathi lokpriy aahe. jawalche toke-toke pequeno bett lahan aahe aanee santiago samudrakinanyatun pahilyas teey sagari kasvasarkhe disate.
gatos bett.
ilha doses gatos (manjarinche bett, ponta daa baleya (vell point) pasoon 1.8 kiimii (1.1 mail) antaravar, cambury samudrakinara aanee daa baleya samudrakinara yanchyatil tekadi) heey eka bett aahe jeey lokansathi khule aahe. asey mhatale jaate qee ekekali teey rockfeller kutumbatil eka sadasyachya malakiche hote aanee tyachya tekadyanchya mathyavaril avashesh rockfellerne swatah bandhanyacha prayatna kelelya haveliche aahet, parantu brazilchya sarkarne tyavar bandee ghatali hotee. muktapane jaganyasathi teey purese aahe. gatos betachya sabhovatalache paanee snooksney bharalele aahe aanee hivalyat vell dekhil tyanna varanvar bhet detat.
alcatrez bete.
alcatrez dweepsamuh paach mothya betanni (alcatrez bett, sapata bett, paredao bett, porto bett (urf farol bett) aanee dakshin bett) aanee kahee lahan adnyat betanni tayar jhaala aahe. haah saao sebastiaocha sarvat durcha bett aahe, joou ilhabelachya dakshin tokapasoon sumare 30 kiimii (18.6 mail) aanee jawalchya khandiy samudrakinaryapasun 35 kiimii (21.7 mail) antaravar aahe. anek pakshi, vell aanee itar sagari prani prajnan karnyasathi hangami kalat tithe thambatat. mukhya bett ekekali brazilchya naudalane howitzer nembaji vyayamachi shreni mhanoon vaparale hote. yaa golibaramule betachya paryavaranala haanee pohochat asalyane (ektar aavajamule kinwa nuksan jhalyamule) brazilchya naudalane hii pratha sodoon dilee. tathapi, yaa betavar ajunahi lashkarache rajya aahe, jeey sanshodhak vagalata betavar masemari, diving aanee bhet denyas manai karatat. hii bete tupinambus paryavaraniy kendramadhye aahet.
bedkanchya done prajati ('cycloramphus fostoi' aanee 'ololigan alcatraz') aanee pitwiper prajati ('donhi themb alcatraz') keval alcatraz betavar aadhaltat.
ilhas mhanoon.
tyache naav asoonahi (jyacha arth 'bete' assa hoto), kaaran ilhas pratyakshat keval eka betane tayar jhaale aahet. haah itar betanpeksha vegala aahe kaaran tethe eka samudrakinara aahe jyala jawalchya baaraa doow saee aanee jukei samudrakinanyanmadhun paryatak varanvar bhet detat, donhi betapasoon sumare 2.4 kiimii (1.5 mail) antaravar aahet.
coove bett.
ilha daas cooves ("cobies bett", jeey kinanyapasun 2.4 kiimii (1.5 mail) antaravar aahe aanee ilhaschya dakshines fakt 600 meater (1,920 phoot) antaravar aahe) yethe barra doo saahee yethoon, machchimaranchya sahkari sansthedvare chalavalya jaananya naukandware pohochata yete. shashvat jivanavar laksh kendrit karnare paryavaraniy paryatan shaikshanik kendra tayar karnyasathi sthanik talagalatil prayatna suru aahet. tyachya varr kahee avashesh dekhil aaheth 2008 madhye eka lahan hottel suru karnyat aale hote parantu brazilchya naudalane tyavar bandee ghatali hotee.
montao daad trigo bett.
ilha monto dii trigo sarvat jawalchya samudrakeenanchya (baaraa doow una) dakshines 10 kiimii (8.7 mail) antaravar aahe. saao sebastiochya itar betanpramane, yethe kayamswarupi vastee aahe. tethe sumare 52 kaikara rahatat aanee 2012 madhye tyanna betavar kabja karanyachi aanee tyacha shodh ghenyachi adhikrut parvanagi denyat aalee.
jukiechya samore adnyat bett.
jukie samudrakinanasamor eka lahanshi anamik scarey aahe. haah varshik volta doow parcelcha eka bhag aahe, jee samudrakinaryapasun suru honari, kheladunna betavar firvoon gheuun jaanari aanee jukie yethe parat sampanari khulya panyachi jaltaran spardha aahe.
ilha doo marakuja.
ilha doo marakuja (passion fruit eyeland) haah eka lahansa bett aahe joou bravachya jangali samudrakinanyapudhe juria aanee borasia darmyan aahe. yethe varanvar surfers yetat.
arthvyavastha.
2005 paryant, shaharacha jee. dii. pii. aar. $1,107,595,000.00 aanee jee. dii. pii. dardoi aar. $15,138 aahe.
swarasyapoorn sthale.
36 samudrakinare (khalee soochibaddha) vyatirikt, shaharat bhet denyasathi kahee thikane aahet, jase qee igreja matriz dii saao sebastio, museau dii arte sacra ("pavitra qalaa sangrahalay"), convento daa nosa senhora doow emparo aanee convento franciscano. shaharachya madhyabhagache done bhag kele jaau shakatat. tyapaiki eka igreja matrizchya aaspas aahe aanee vasahatvadi kalatil gharanni bharaleli aahe, tyapaiki bahutekanmadhye baar, hotels aanee restaurants aahet. dusra bhag samudrajaval aahe aanee bahutek ratrajeevan kendrit karate. yethe anek baar aanee iscreamchi dukane, hastakala mela aanee eka motha karamanook chauras aahe, jyamadhye brazilmadhil sarvat mothe skatepark samavisht aahe, jyache kshetrafal 7,000 chauras meater aahe.
samudrakinare.
shaharachya 100 kiimii (63 mail) peksha jaast kinanyavar 37 kinare aahet. uttarekadun dakshinekade, teey asey aaheth
vahtook.
shaharat pravesh karnyacha ekmev marg mhanje bii. aar.-101, jyala avenue dow. mhanatat. shaharachya madhya bhagat manoel hippolito doow rego aanee urvarit shaharatil mayaa mahamargavar pratishthecha aahe. uttarela karaguatatuba kinwa dakshinela bertiyogapasun yene shakya aahe. mahamarg haah shaharacha sarvat mahattvacha rasta aahe, joou tyala uttarekadun dakshineshi jodato aanee tyaa sampoorn bhagatoon niyamit bus marg chalato. shaharat saykalicha dekhil mothya pramanat vapar keela jaato.
bahiniche shahar.
saao sebastioche eka bhagini shahar aahe jeey aantarrashtriy bhagini shaharanni niyukt kele aaheh