
homo ludense

homo ludense heey moolatah dutch itihaskar aanee sanskrutik siddhantkar johann huizing yanni 1938 madhye duchmadhye prakashit kelele pustak aahe.
tyat sanskruti aanee samajachya khelachya ghatakache mahatva sangitale aahe. huizing suchavate qee khel hii sanskratichya pidhisathi prathamik aanee aavashyak (jaree pureshi nasali taree) aut aahe. lattin shabd haah kriyapadacha sadhyacha sakriy sahbhag aahe, joou swatach sandnyeshi sambandhit aahe. ingrajimadhye thet samatulya nahee, kaaran teey ekach velee khel, khel, shaala aanee sarav yancha sandarbh dete.
swagat.
"homo ludense' haah khel abhyasachya itihasacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe. tyacha rogger kailoisasarkhya nantarchya khelachya vidvananvar prabhav padala. jaduchya vartulachi sankalpana 'homo ludense' pasoon prerit hotee.
prastavna vivad.
huijingane tyachya pustakachya prastavnet heey spasht kele aahe qee tyacha arth 'sanskraticha' khel ghatak aahe, sanskratitil 'khel ghatak nahee. teey lihitat qee jyaa prarambhik vyakhyanavar heey pustak aadharit aahe, tyache shirshak tyanni 'sanskraticha khel ghatak' asey thewale aahe. yaa shirshakamadhye varanvar sudharana karoon 'inn' sanskruti karnyat aalee, jyachya punaravruttila tyanni aakshep ghetala.
ingraji aavruttine pustakachya upashirshakamadhye 'sanskratitil khelachya ghatakacha abhyas' asey badal kele, jeey hyuijingachya namood kelelya hetuchya viruddha aahe. anuvadak prastavanatil eka padatikat spasht karato, "tarkikdrushtya, arthat, husinga barobar aahe; parantu ingraji purvpadve tarkshastradvare niyantrit naslyamule mea yaa upashirshakamadhye adhik surel shabdansh rakhoon thewala aahe."
samagri.
aay. eka sanskrutik ghatana mhanoon khelache swaroop aanee mahatva.
khel haah sanskratipeksha juna aahe, kaaran sanskruti, kitihi apuri paribhashit asali taree, nehmich manvi samajacha andaj ghete aanee prani tyanna khelayala shikavatil ashee vaat pahat naheet.
prani manavanchya aadhi khelatat heey spasht karoon hyuijingachi suruvat hote. khelacha sarvat mahattvacha (manvi aanee sanskrutik) pailu mhanje too majedar aahe.
khelat asane aavashyak asaleli 5 vaishishtye hyuijinga olakhateh
huijingane dakhavun dile aahe qee vidhee nrutyanmadhye ekhadi vyakti kangaru banate. pashchatya vichar hii sankalpana kashee vyakt karatat aanee "adim" dharm yakade kase pahatat yaat farak aahe. dharmache vidwan pashchimatya nasalelya sankalpananche varnan karnyasathi pashchimatya shabdavali vapartat.
"tyane kangaruche" saar "ghetale aahe, asey too ranti mhanato; too kangaru vajavat aahe, aamhi mhanato.
matra, kroor vyaktila 'astitva' aanee 'khelane' yanchyatil sankalpanatmak farkambaddal kahihi mahitee nasate; tyala 'olakh' kinwa 'chinh' yabaddal kahihi mahitee nasate."
asha prakare huising suchavate qee khelachi sarvatrikpane samajali jaanari sankalpana yaa ghataneche varnan karnyasathi donhi samajansathi adhik yogya aahe.
II. bhashet vyakt kelyapramane natakachi sankalpana.
shabd aanee kalpana vaidnyanik kinwa tarkik vicharatoon navhe tarr sarjansheel bhashepasun janmala yetat, jyacha arth asankhya bhasha aahe-kaaran 'sankalpana' chee hii krutee varanvar jhaali aahe.
huijingala vegvegalya bhashanmadhil khelasathichya shabdambaddal barech kahee sangnyasarkhe aahe. kadachit sarvat vilakshan tippani lattin bhasheshi sambandhit aahe. "heey ullekhaneey aahe qee, khelachi sarvasadharan sandnya mhanoon, keval pranay bhashanmadhyech nahee tarr mallah disat aahe toparyant tethe kvachitach konatehi khuna sodale aahet... dhvanyatmak kinwa shabdarthik karananmule gayab jhaala aahe qee nahee haah prashna aapan eka bajula sodala pahije."
play" yaa shabdachya serve sambhavya vaparanpaiki hyuijingamadhye visheshtah ekikade "gambhir kalah" aanee dusarikade "kamuk anuprayog" yaa khelachya samikaranacha ullekh aahe.
nivadak bhashanmadhil khel-shreni, khel-sankalpana, khel-karya, khel-shabd.
khelasathi vaparlya jaanarya shabdanche vividh naisargik bhashanmadhye vargikaran karnyacha huijingacha prayatna aahe.
asha shabdanche varnan karnyasathi adhyayache shirshak 'play-concept' vaparte. play-upasargasah vaparale jaanare itar shabd mhanje play-function aanee play-form. naisargik bhashanmadhye jyaa kramane udaharane dilee jaatat tee khalilpramane aaheth
3. sabhyatechi karye mhanoon khela aanee spardha qaraa.
pudhil pananmadhye aapan jeey mutt mandato teey asey aahe qee sanskruti khelachya swarupat udbhavate, tee agadi suruvatipasunach khelali jaate... samajik jeevan heey khelachya aakarachya atee-jaivik rupanni bharalele aahe, jyamule tyache moolya vadhate.
huijingacha arth assa nahee qee "khelache sanskratit rupantar hote". tyaeivaji, too khel aanee sanskruti ekatra thevato, tyanchya 'julya sanyog' baddal bolato, parantu 'khel prathamik aahe' assa aagrah dharato.
4. khel aanee kayada.
nyayadhishanchi pagadi matra keval pracheen vyavsayik poshakhachya avasheshapeksha adhik aahe.
karyatmakdrushtya tyacha ranti lokanchya nachana mukhavateshi jawalcha sambandh aahe.
teey paridhan karnanyala dusya 'astitva' madhye rupantarit karate.
aanee paramparechi bhakkam bhavna asalele heey konatyahi arthane ekmev atishay pracheen vaishishtya nahee
britishansathi itake vilakshan kayadyadvare jatan kele gele aahe.
british kayadeshir vyavharat creeda ghatak aanee vinod heey barechase purave aahet
pracheen samajatil kayadyachya moolbhut vaishishtyanpaiki eka aahe.
khatalyat teen prakar aahet.
hyuijingane hii kalpana mandali qee "khatalyat teen khel-prakar aahet" aanee heey prakar aahet
aajchya prathechi tulana 'pracheen samajatil kayadeshir karyavahi' shhee karoon andaj lavala jaau shakatoh
vhee. khel aanee yuddh.
alikadeparyant, 'rashtrancha kayada' hii samanyatah ashee maryada pranali tayar karnyasathi manali jaat asey, jyat sarvansathi adhikar aanee dave asalelya samudayacha aadarsh manya keela jaat asey aanee yuddh sthitila spashtapane-ghoshit karoon-ekikade shantatepasun aanee dusarikade gunhegari hinsacharapasun vegale kele jaat asey. yuddhache sanskrutik karya kadhoon takane aanee shevatche sampavane haah 'sampoorn yuddh' yaa siddhantasathi rahila
khelachya ghatakache avashesh.
yaa adhyayala keval pustakatach navhe tarr adhik spashtapane huijingachya swatachya jeevanat eka vishisht sthan aahe. pahili dutch aavrutti 1938 madhye (dusare mahayuddha adhikrutpane suru honyapurvi) prakashit jhaali. 1944 madhye switzerlandmadhye prakashit jhalelya hyuijingachya ingraji majkurachya aanee german majkurachya sanyogavar beacan press book aadharit aahe. 1945 madhye (dusare mahayuddha sampalelya varshi) hyuijingache nidhan jhaale.
yaa adhyayat kahee sukhad aashcharyakarak tippanya aaheth
vhee. khelane aanee jaanun ghene.
puratan mansansathi, karane aanee dhadsi hone hii shakti aahe, parantu dnyan hii jaaduchi shakti aahe. tyachyasathi serve vishisht dnyan
pavitra dnyan-goodh aanee aashcharyakarak dnyan, kaaran konatehi dnyan thet dnyan yaa dnyanala sambandhit aahe.
swatah vaishvik kram.
kode sodavane aanee mrutyudandachi rachana yaa adhyayat jordarpane darshavili aahe.
vii. natak aanee kavita.
"poisis" heey kharey tarr eka khel-karya aahe. teey manachya khelachya maidanachya aat, tyachya swatachya jagaat pudhe jaate, jeey munn tyachyasathi nirman karate. tethe goshti 'samanya jeevanat' paridhan karatat tyapeksha vegalya sharirik olakh aahet aanee tark aanee karanatmakatevyatirikt itar sambandhanni bandhalya aahet.
hyuijingasathi, "pracheen kaviche kharey aavahan" vets ", dharan kelele, dev-santri, ragavanare aahe". tyane dilelya anek udaharananpaiki, 'bewulf' madhye disanara unford nivadu shakato.
VIII. methopoisische ghatak.
rupkatil prabhavat jivanachya drushtine goshti kinwa ghatananche varnan karane samavisht hote
aanee halchal, aapan moort swarupachya margavar aahot. aparipakv aanee nirjiv yanche pratinidhitva karane
eka vyakti mhanoon serve dantkatha aanee jawaljawal serve kavitancha aatma aahe.
methopoisis heey shabdasha mithak-nirman aahe (methopoia aanee methopoic vichar pahaa).
aay. ex. tatvadnyanatil khelache prakar.
vartulachya madhyabhagi aapan aaplya khelachya kalpanene varnan karnyacha prayatna kareet aahot, tethe greek sophistachi aakruti ubhi aahe. too pracheen sanskrutik jivanatil madhyavarti vyaktimatvacha vistar manla jaau shakato, joou aaplyasamor prabodhak, vaidyak-manushya, drashta, thaumaturge aanee kavee mhanoon salag prakat jhaala aanee jyache sarvottam naav 'waits' aahe.
ex. kaleteel natake.
jithe jithe '-vaad' madhye sampanara shabd asato tithe aapan natak-samudayachya marganvar utsahi asato.
huijingane aadhich natak aanee kavita yanchyat eka adravya bandh prasthapit keela aahe. aata tyala kalate qee "natak aanee sangeet yanchyatil bandhabaddalhi tech kharey aahe aanee tyahunahi adhik pramanat"
tathapi, jevha too 'kavita, sangeet aanee plastic kalankade nrutya' karnyapasoon door jaato tevha tyala 'natkashi asalele sambandh qamee spasht hott asalyache' aadhalate. pann ithe huising bhootkalat aahe. too "vastuvisharad, shilpkar, chitrakar, masuda tayar karnara, matichi bhandi banavnara aanee sajavaticha kalakar" yanchi udaharane deto, joou tichya/tyachya "sarjansheel aaveg" chya adheen asoonahi shistane shasit asato ", joou nehmich haat tayar karnyachya kaushalyachya aanee pravinatechya adheen asato.
dusarikade, jarr ekhadi vyakti kalakrutinchya 'nirmiti' pasoon door jaaun samajik vatavaranat jyaa paddhatine tyancha sweekar keela jaato tyakade valali tarr chitra purnapane badalate. haah samajik sweekar aahe, junya vadaviruddhachya navya 'vadvad' chaa sangharsh, joou natakache vaishishtya darshavito.
xi. pashchatya sanskruti up-prajati ludy.
<kavita>
tyamule, aaplyala assa nishkarsh kadhava lagel qee sanskruti, tyachya suruvatichya tappyat khelali jaate.
garbhapasoon swatahla vegale karananya balasarkhe teey khelatoon yet naheeh
too khelat 'inn' aanee 'aij' mhanoon udbhavato aanee kadhihi sodat nahee.
</kavita>
xii. samkalin sanskratitil khel-ghatak.
american rajkaranat too (nivadanukanchya sampoorn yantranet upasthit asalela khel ghatak) aanakhi spasht aahe. done pakshiy vyavastha done vishal sanghanmadhye maryadit honyachya khoop aadhi, jyanche rajkiy matbhed bahereel lokanmadhye kvachitach disun yet hote, americetil nivadanuk prachar haah eka prakarcha rashtriy khel mhanoon vikasit jhaala hota.