
hylomorphism

samarupata haah pracheen greek tatvadnyani aristotal yane vikasit kelela eka tatvik siddhant aahe, joou pratyek bhautik astitva kinwa astitva ('oshiya') heey dravya (samarthya) aanee abhautik swarupache (krutee) sanyug mhanoon gruheet dharato, jyache samanya swaroop vyaktimadhye shashvatpane vastavik asate. haah shabd 19 vya shatkatil greek shabd χλη ("highl": "lakud, padarth") aanee κορφιε ("morphe": "form") pasoon tayar jhaala aahe. samkalin tattvadnyanat bhautik ghatakanche samaroop siddhant punarujjivit hott aahet.
aristotalchi dravya sankalpana.
pracheen greek bhashet mulat padarthasathi konatahi shabd navhata, kahee vishisht hetusathi kinwa itaransathi yogya asalelya kachchya malachya ulat, mhanoon aristotlene yaa uddeshasathi 'lakud' haah shabd swikarla. jaree urja kinwa dravya/urjechya babatit tyacha adhik vichar keela jaau shakato, taree serve bhautik goshti ekach moolbhut padarthapasun banalya aahet hii kalpana aadhunik vidnyanat changlya prakare tikate.
hayale" sankalpaneche lattin samatulya-aanee nantar tyachi madhyayugeen aavrutti-dekhil aristotalchya kalpanetoon udayas aalee. greek shabdacha lattin samatulya shabd 'silva' hota, jyacha shabdasha arth jungle kinwa jungle assa hota. tathapi, lattin vicharvantanni tantrik arth asalela shabd nivadala (shabdasha arthapeksha). yamule 'silva' varr bharr deela gela, kaaran jyachi ekhadi vastoo tayar kelee jaate, parantu jee badalalelya swarupasah eka thurr rahili. tyaeivaji hastkalemadhye navhe tarr garbhadharanemadhye aaee ('metter') jee nishkriy bhoomika bajavate, tyaa arthas soochit karnyasathi 'materia' haah shabd nivadala gela.
aristotalchi 'hayale' hii sankalpana heey tattva aahe jeey aakarashi sambandhit aahe aanee tatvadnyane 'hayale' chey varnan jyaa prakare kele aahe tyanusar heey darshavile jaau shakate, asey mhanat qee jeey roop kinwa nishchitata prapt karate, jeey tayar hote. aristotalian tattvadnyanatil badalache heey moolbhut bhautik kaaran dekhil asoo shakate. aristotalne spasht kele qee "hayale" mhanje jeey swatamadhye eka vishisht gosht nahee kinwa vishisht pramanachi nahee kinwa jyaa prakaradvare astitva nirdharit kele jaate tyapaiki itar konatyahi varganna niyukt kelele nahee."yacha arth assa qee hail heey tyache pratinidhi asalyamule kinwa swatache vastav asalyamule astitvat aanale jaat nahee, tarr jevha form tyachyashi jodala jaato tevhach teey astitvat yete. tyache varnan purnank kinwa kshetra asey kele gele aahe, eka sankalpana jee lokshahichya anuvadi ontologyla virodh karate. asey manale jaate qee aristotelian sankalpana hii eka 'samagri' mhanoon samajoon ghetali jaau naye kaaran udaharanarth, 'hayale' aahe jeey sharirat bauddhik tasech sanvedanshil 'hayale' aahe.
aristotalsathi, 'hayale' heey chaar ghatakanpasun banalele aahe-agni, paanee, havah aanee pruthvi-parantu padarth aanee roop garam, olsar, korade aanee thund yaa sanyogat astitvat asalyane heey shuddha padarth manale jaat navhate jenekarun ghatak tayar karnyasathi serve kahee ekatra kele jaeel.
aristotlene padarthachi vyakhya 'jyachyapasun kahitari tayar hote' ashee kelee aahe. udaharanarth, akshare hii aksharanchi baab aahe. asha prakare, "padarth" hii eka sapeksh sandnya aaheh ekhadi vastoo itar ekhadya goshtishi sambandhit padarth mhanoon ganali jaate. udaharanarth, maatee hii vitanshi sambandhit dravya aahe kaaran viit hii chikanmatipasun banavaleli asate, tarr vita hii vitanchya gharashi sambandhit dravya asate. bhautik parivartan mhanoon badalache vishleshan kele jaateh padarth mhanje jeey swaroop badalatoon jaate. udaharanarth, murtichya aakaratil kansyaputalyacha vichar qaraa. kansya heey padarth aahe aanee heey padarth eka roop ('morph') (gaath) gamavatat aanee eka naveen roop (putalyache) prapt karatat. aristotalchya aaklan siddhantanusar, aapan ekhadya vastuche swaroop ("edos") aaplya indriyansah prapt karoon tee samajoon gheto. asha prakare, rupanmadhye keval aakar navhe tarr rung, pott aanee chav yasarkhya jatil "kwalia" chaa samavesh hoto.
shareer-aatma hylomorphism.
moolbhut siddhant.
aristotlene tyacha hylomorphismcha siddhant sajivanna lagoo keela. too aatmyachi vyakhya karato too mhanje jee ekhadya jiwant vastoola jiwant karate. dnyan aanee aarogya jase aahe, tasech jeevan hii sajivanchi malmatta aahe. mhanoon, aatma heey ekhadya sajivache eka roop aahe-mhanje, eka nirdisht tattva kinwa kaaran-. yavyatirikt, aristotal mhanato qee aatma tyachya sharirashi padarthache roop mhanoon sambandhit aahe.
mhanoon, jase menachi ekata aanee tyacha aakar spasht karnyat konatihi adchan nahee, tasech shareer aanee aatmyachi ekata spasht karnyat konatihi adchan nahee, assa yuktivad aristotal karato. jyapramane menachya vastumadhye eka vishisht aakarache menn asate, tyachpramane sajivanmadhye jivanacha gunadharm asalele shareer asate, joou tyacha aatma aahe. tyachya samarupatechya siddhantachya aadhare, aristotalne keval konatahi aatma konatyahi sharirat rahoo shakato yaa kalpanechi khilli udavat, metampacycosischa pythagorean siddhant nakarla.
timothi robinsonchya matey, aristotal aatmyala sharirachya sanrachaneshi olakhato qee nahee heey spasht nahee. aristotalchya eka vyakhyenusar, eka vyavasthit sanghatit shareer tyachya sanrachanemule aadhich jiwant aahe. tathapi, dusarya vyakhyenusar, jivanacha gunadharm-mhanje aatma-sharirachya sanrachanechya vyatirikt kahitari aahe. robbinson haah dusra arth spasht karnyasathi karchi upama vaparato. dhavatya gadichi chaal keval tyachya sanrachanemulech navhe tarr tyachya enginemadhil kriyakalapanmulehi chalate. tyachpramane, yaa dusya vyakhyenusar, eka jiwant shareer keval tyachya sanrachanemulech navhe tarr eka atirikt malmattemule dekhil jiwant aaheh aatma, joou eka vyavasthit sanghatit sharirala jiwant rahnyasathi aavashyak aahe. johnn vela haah dusra arth spasht karnyasathi frankesteinchya rakshasacha vapar karatoh frankesteenchya tablower padalela mrutdeh aadhich purnapane sanghatit manvi shareer aahe, parantu too adyap jiwant nahee; jevha frankestein tyache yantra sakriy karato, tevha mrutdehala eka naveen malmatta milate, jee jivanachi malmatta aahe, jyala aristotal aatma mhanel.
jiwant shareer.
kahee vidvananni aristotalchya aatma-shareer hylomorphism siddhantala bhedasavana samasyekade laksh vedhale aahe. teey assa yuktivad karatat qee ekhadya sajivache dravya heey tyache shareer aahe aanee sharirala jiwant rahnyasathi aatmyachi aavashyakta asate. tyachpramane, kansya golakache dravya kansya asate, jyala goal honyasathi goalpanachi aavashyakta asate. aata, eka goal rahilyanantar kansya tech kansya aahe. tyamule asey disate qee mrutyunantar shareer tech rahile pahije. 
kansya matra jiwant nahee aanee tyacha aakar badalanyat lakshaniy badal hott nahee. shivay, mrutyunantar shareer eka shareer rahate heey aristotal spashtapane nakarto. mrutdeh heey keval eka shareer aahe kaaran aristotal mhanato qee jyaa sharirane aapala aatma gamavala aahe teey shareer aata sambhavyapane jiwant nahee. jivanachi kshamata gamavane mhanje mrutdeh asane hoy. tyamule jiwant shareer heey aatma aanee padarth yanche mishran aaheh shareer joparyant tyacha aatma tyache dravya pratyakshat aanat aahe toparyant jagate. shareer aanee aatma yaa done vegalya goshti nasoon eka padarth aahet. mhanunach aristotal sharirachi vyakhya sambhavya jeevan aanee sambhavya shariracha jeevan srot mhanoon mahattvapoorn swaroop asane ashee karato. aristotalchya lokanni jiwant vastoo aanee mrutdeh yaa donhincha sandarbh denyasathi 'shareer' haah shabd spashtapane naan vaparanyachi kalji ghene aavashyak aahe. 
sharirache mahattvapoorn swaroop mhanoon aatma vaiyaktik olakh kalantarane tikavoon thevanyas saksham karato. eka jiwant shareer satat junya padarthachi jaaga naveen padarth ghet aahe yaa vastusthiticha vichar qaraa. paach varshanchya sharirat tyach vyaktichya sattar varshanchya sharirapeksha bhinn padarth asatat. jarr paach varsh june shareer aanee sattar varsh june shareer vegvegale padarthanche asel, tarr tyanna ekach shareer kaay banavate? yache uttar asey aahe qee toch aatma tyaa vyaktichya sharirat dravya sakriy karat aahe. kaaran paach varshe aanee sattar varshe june shareer eka aatma samayik karatat-mhanje tyaa vyaktiche jeevan-aapan tyaa doghannahi shareer mhanoon olakhoo shakato. aatmyashivay, shareer mhanje padarthancha sangrah kaay heey aapan olakhoo shakat nahee. tyamule, ekhadya vyaktiche shareer aata tyaa vyaktiche shareer rahilele nahee, teey tyachya mrutyunantar.
buddhi.
aristotal mhanato qee buddhila ('naus'), vichar karanyachi kshamata, sharirik avyav nasate (indriy-aaklan aanee kalpanashaktisarkhya itar mansik kshamatanchya ulat). aristotal done prakarchya buddhimattemadhye farak karato. hyanna paramparikpane 'nishkriy buddhi' aanee 'sakriy (kinwa pratinidhi) buddhi' asey mhanatat. nishkriy buddhi hii chikanmatisarkhi asate; tee kahihi houu shakate aanee badalas patra aahe. sakriy buddhiche karya mhanje bhautik goshtinmadhun amoort rupancha vapar karoon nishkriy buddhila samajutichya krutimadhye sakriy karane. nishkriy buddhi heey samajalelya kalpananche bhandar dekhil aahe. aristotal mhanato qee "sakriy (kinwa agent) buddhi" sharirashi misalaleli nahee aanee tee tyachya vyatirikt astitvat asoo shakate asey suchavate. 
teleology aanee naitikta.
aristotalcha teleological jaagtik drushtikon aaheh too vishwakade swabhavikpane uddeshpurn mhanoon pahato. mulat, aristotal assa dawa karato qee sambhavyata vastavasathi astitvat aahe. asha prakare, padarth tyache swaroop prapt karnyasathi astitvat asato, kaaran ekhadya jiwala pahanyasathi drushti asate. aata, pratyek goshtichya tyachya swarupamule kahee vishisht sambhavyata aahet. tyachya swarupamule, sapat ghasaranyachi kshamata asate; aapan asey mhanoo shakato qee sapane ghasarayala havey. ekhadi vastoo jitaki jaast kshamata sadhya karate, titakich tee aapale uddisht sadhya karnyat yashasvi hote.
aristotal tyachya naitik siddhantavar yaa teleological jaagtik drushtikonavar aadharit aahe. tyachya swarupamule, mansamadhye kahee kshamata asatat. tyamule, tyaa kshamatancha shakya titka aanee purnapane vapar karane haah tyachya aayushyatil uddesh aahe. aata, vichar karanyachi kshamata hii sarvat vaishishtyapurn manvi kshamata aahe, jee itar konatyahi jivachya swarupat samavisht keleli nahee. janivpurvak krutee karanyachi kshamata, jaree tee bhavnikdrushtya avanchhaniy asali taree, karanane sarvottam vatanari krutee nivadane shakya karate. samkalin abhijat vargatil lock swatantryacha vapar karnyavar aanee jaganyacha sarvottam marg mhanoon sudnyapane vagnyavar bharr detat. tarihi, aristotalne assa yuktivad keela qee, sadgunipanane devacha vichar karane haah aanandacha sarvottam prakar aahe aanee naitik sadguna nusar vagane haah dusra sarvottam prakar aahe. konatyahi prakare, aristotalsathi sarvat changle manvi jeevan mhanje tarkshuddhapane jagalele jeevan.
varsa.
sarvatrik hylomorphism.
neoplatonic tatvadnyani evisbron (aaa.keey.aaa."soloman ibn gabirol) yanni yaa abhijat sankalpanechi eka neoplatonic aavrutti prastavit kelee, jyanusar aatma aanee buddhisah serve goshti padarth aanee rupane banalelya aahet.
madhyayugeen badal.
thomas aquinas yanni roop/padarthachya krutee/samarthya samajoon ghenyavar bharr deela, jyadvare roop padarthachi shakti sakriy karate aanee astitva aatmyanna sakriy karate. devadute heey tyanusar saar (kshamata) aanee astitva (vastav) yanche mishran aahet jeey abhautik aatmyanna sakriy karatat, tarr keval devach swatah astitva aahe, konatyahi samarthyashivay shuddha karya karato. 
madhyayugeen dharmashastradnyanni, navyane aristotalchya tattvadnyanachya samparkat yeuun, khristi siddhantanna samarupata lagoo kelee, jase qee eukeristchya bhakari aanee draksharas yeshuchya sharirat aanee raktat transbstantiation karane. duns scotus aanee thomas aquinas yansarkhya dharmashastradnyanni hylomorphism khrishchan anuprayog vikasit kele.
agent buddhimattevaril aristotalchya granthanni vividh arth lavnyas janm deela aahe. khaleel kahee abhikartyancha (ibn rusad 1126-1198) assa yuktivad aahe qee aristotalne sakriy buddhichi tulana eka daivi astitvabarobar kelee aahe, joou manvi samajutila madat karnyasathi nishkriy buddhimattet sankalpana otato. aquinas (1225-74) chey anusaran karnare itar lock assa yuktivad karatat qee neo-platonic arth lavane hii eka chook aaheh sakriy buddhi haah pratyakshat manvi aatmyacha bhag aahe. haah vaad mahattvacha aahe, kaaran aristotalchya nava-platonic vyakhyet asey mhatale aahe qee tyane vaiyaktik amaratva nakarle, tarr thomistic vyakhyemadhye asey mhatale aahe qee aristotalne vaiyaktik amaratva sthapit karnyasathi agent buddhicha vapar keela. itar lock aristotalcha arth assa karatat qee ekhadya vyaktichi vichar karanyachi kshamata (tyachya itar mansik kshamatanpeksha vegali) tyachya sharirapeksha vegalya ekhadya avibhajya avyavachi aahe assa yuktivad karatat. heey dwaitvadache eka roop tharel. tathapi, kahee vidvanannusar, haah purn cartasian dwaitvad nasel. yaa arth lavnyamule robbert pasnaune jyala 'munn-aatmyachi samasya' mhatale aahe, tee nirman hoteh jarr buddhi sharirapeksha vegalya astitvatil asel aanee aatma heey sharirache roop asel, tarr buddhicha aatmyacha bhag kassa aahe? tarihi, aanakhi eka arth lavnyane nishkriy buddhi aanee abhikartyachi buddhi yaat farak keela jaato aanee nishkriy buddhila sharirachi malmatta manale jaate, tarr abhikartyachi buddhi haah sharirapeksha vegala padarth aahe. yaa vyakhyechya kahee samarthakanna asey vatate qee pratyek vyaktichi swatachi agent buddhi asate, jee bahudha mrutyuchya velee sharirapasoon vegali hote. itar lock abhikartyachya buddhicha arth ekach daivi prani, kadachit achambit chalanara, aristotalcha dev assa karatat. ajunahi itarancha assa yuktivad aahe qee aristotleche asey mutt aahe qee eka vaiyaktik rupala swatache gunadharm asane saksham aahe. yaa arthanusar, aatma haah shariracha gunadharm aahe, parantu vichar karanyachi kshamata hii aatmyachich malmatta aahe, sharirachi nahee. jarr tase asel tarr aatma heey sharirache roop aahe aanee tarihi vicharanmadhye konatyahi sharirik avyavacha samavesh asanyachi garaj nahee.
lakshaniy swaroop, apghati swaroop aanee mukhya dravya.
aristotalian sankalpana vaparnanya madhyayugeen tattvadnyanni varanvar mahattvapoorn rupe aanee aakasmik rupe yaat farak keela. ekhadya padarthache kiman eka mahattvapoorn swaroop asane aavashyak aahe. tyat vividh apghati rupe dekhil asoo shakatat. aristotalsathi, eka "padarth" ("oshiya") hii eka vaiyaktik gosht aahe-udaharanarth, eka vaiyaktik manus kinwa eka vaiyaktik ghoda. pratyek bhautik padarthamadhye, tyaa vastoochya udbhavanyachya karananmule vaiyaktikrut kelelya abhajya padarthache vastavikaran karoon, bhautik padarth konatya prakarchi aahe heey mahattvapoorn swaroop tharavate. udaharanarth, kombadiche mothe swaroop kombadichya andyala pratyakshat aanate aanee tee undy tichya palakanni dilelya andyachya vaiyaktikaranamule kombadichya mothya swarupala aanee vishisht rangeet pankh asalelya kombadila tichya mukhya padarthachya grahanshilatemule kombadi mhanoon pratyakshat aanane shakya aahe. mhanoon vaiyaktik padarth vaiyaktik gunadharm nishchit karat asatana, mahattvapoorn swaroop aavashyak gunadharm nirdharit karate. padarth esachya lakshaniy swarupat esache saar aanee tyache aavashyak gunadharm (ess jyaa prakarcha padarth aahe tyasathi aavashyak asalele gunadharm) asatat. mahattvapoorn badal, eka naveen mahattvapoorn swarupadware abhajya padarthachya pratyakshat aananyachya kshamatevar parinam naan karata, vaiyaktik abhajya padarth pratyakshat aananyachya abhajya swarupachya kshamatecha naash karato. jevha landga kombadi khato, tevha kombadiche punarvyavasthit padarth landgacha bhag banatat aanee landgachya mothya aakarane sajeev hotat. 
yaulat, esachi apghati rupe hii esachi anavashyak gunadharm aahet, jeey gunadharm ess vegalya prakarchya padarthat naan badalata gamavoo kinwa midvu shakatat. parajivimule kombadiche pankh ektech naan rahata harvoo shakatat. 
bahulata viruddha. ekatmata mothya swarupachi.
anek madhyayugeen dharamshastradnya aanee tatvadnyanni ekhadya sajivachya aatmyala tyaa jivanache roop mhanoon pahanyat aristotleche anusaran kele-visheshtah tyache mahattvapoorn roop. tathapi, x chaa aatma haah x chaa "ekmev" mahattvapoorn roop aahe qee nahee yabaddal teey asahmat hote. kahee madhyayugeen vicharvantanni assa yuktivad keela qee x chaa aatma haah x chaa ekmev mahattvapoorn roop aahe joou x chya sampoorn sharirala chaitanya deto. yaulat, itar madhyayugeen vicharvantanni assa yuktivad keela qee ekhadya sajivachi kiman done mahattvapoorn rupe asatat-(1) tyachya shariracha aakar aanee rachana aanee (2) tyacha aatma, joou tyachya sharirala jiwant karato.
thomistic hylomorphism.
thomas equinassne assa dawa keela qee excha aatma haah excha ekmev mahattvapoorn roop hota, jaree exchee anek apghati rupe dekhil hotee jee exchya anavashyak vaishishtyansathi jababdar hotee. equinassne eka mahattvapoorn swaroop paribhashit kele aahe, jeey exchya padarthala ex banavate, jeey manushyachya babatit padarthachya maryada olandu shakate aanee manavanchi tarksangat kshamata aanee naisargik amaratva donhi sthapit karoo shakate. tathapi, equinassne assa dawa keela nahee qee manav heey tyanche vighatit aatma aahet kaaran manvi aatma haah moolatah sharirat padarth sakriy karnara eka mahattvapoorn prakar aahe. yogya manushya haah tarksangat aatma aanee padarth (mukhya padarth aanee vaiyaktik padarth donhi) yancha eka sanyog aahe asey tyanche mutt hote. mhanoon tyachya sharirapasoon vegala jhalela aatma devdutacha banalela nasato, tarr sajeev padarthakade tyacha drushtikon rakhoon thevato, tarr jyaa mrutdehapasun aatma nighun gela aahe too pratyakshat kinwa sambhavyatah manushya nasato.
eleonor stump heey equinaschya aatmyachya siddhantache varnan 'sanrachane' chya sandarbhat karate. shareer haah padarth aahe joou "sanrachit" aahe, i.eae. sanrachit, tarr aatma haah 'sanrachit sanrachak' aahe. dusya shabdant, aatma hii swatach eka sanrachit vastoo aahe, parantu tee sharirachi rachana dekhil karate. mrut shareer heey keval asey padarth aahet jeey ekekali aatmyane sanrachit kele hote. tyat manasachi rachana karanyachi kshamata nahee.
akvinasacha assa vishvas hota qee tarksangat kshamata haah keval aatmyacha gunadharm aahe, konatyahi sharirik avyavacha nahee. tathapi, menduche kahee moolbhut sandnyanatmak karya aahe assa tyancha vishvas hota. equinaschya abhautik aatmyala tarksangat kshamateche shrey dilyane tyala assa dawa karnyas anumati midali qee vighatit aatma tyanchi tarksangat kshamata kayam thevu shakatat kaaran aatmyachya astitvachya vaiyaktik krutichi olakh patavalyane tyala vaiyaktik amaratva manavansathi naisargik aahe assa dawa karnyas anumati midali. aquinas asehi thaam hote qee vighatit aatma anaisargikaritya sthiteet aahet aanee swargatil paripoornatemadhye dev chamatkarikpane aatmyala punha ekada eka mahattvapoorn roop mhanoon karya karnyas saksham karato, mrutanchya punarutthanachya siddhantadvare vachan dilyapramane padarthache jiwant sharirat punarujjivan karoon.
aadhunik bhautikshastra.
jevha verner heisenbergne tyachya quantum yantrikichya duplexes jagacha shodh lavala tevha hylomorphism kalpana jagasamor punha sadar jhaali asey mhatale jaau shakate. 1958 saalee 'bhautikshastra aanee tattvadnyan' yaa tyanchya granthat, heisenberg mhanatoh
bohmian yantrikicha eka samaroop arth suchavala gela aahe, jyamadhye brahmand haah ekach padarth aahe joou bhautik kann aanee eka mahattvapoorn swaroop yaa donhini banalela aahe. wave functionchya kosalanyacha hylomorphic arth dekhil aahe.