tongamadhye fashichi shiksha

tongamadhye fashichi shiksha kayadeshir aahe, parantu 1982 pasoon lagoo karnyat aaleli nahee. deshat fashicha abhav haah pratha nirmulanvadichya shreneet yeto, jithe kayadyane fashichi shiksha kayam aahe parantu kiman daha varshe aupcharik kinwa anaupacharik sthagiti aahe. tongachya khunachya shiksheche qamee praman heey fashichya kamatarateche kaaran aahe, tasech tase karane atyant aavashyak vatat nasel toparyant dand thothavanyachi tyachi nyayalaye spashtapane ichchuk naheet.
kayada aanee khatala kayada.
tongamadhye, fashichya shiksheshi sambandhit prashasakeey kayada haah faujdari gunhe kayada aahe. yaa kayadyat gunhegari vartanasathichya shikshanchya yadeet mrutyucha samavesh aahe. hatya aanee deshdrohachya gunhyansathi fashichi shiksha houu shakate. garbhavati mahilevar heey ladale jaau shakat nahee. garbhavati mahilevar fashichi shiksha ladnyavarchi bandee 1939 madhye durustidware faujdari gunhe kayadyat jodanyat aalee. hatya kinwa deshdrohachya gunhyat doshi tharalelya mahilene tee garbhavati asalyacha aarop kelyas, tee kharokharach garbhavati aahe yavar tyanche samadhan aahe qaa assa prashna nyaymandalakade thewala jaato. jurie jeey heey tharavate, samanya niyam mhanoon, tyach juriechi asel jyane teela doshi tharavale. 15 varshankhalil vyaktila hatyesathi fashichi shiksha miloo shakat nahee. tathapi, yaa kayadyachya shabdalekhanamule, yaa vayakhalil vyaktila deshdrohachi shiksha mhanoon mrutyudand miloo shakato qee nahee heey spasht nahee.
fashichi shiksha vhavi yasathi rajane sammati dene aavashyak aahe. tyane tongachya prevy councilchya sammatine asey karane aavashyak aahe. fashichi paddhat mhanje fashi deuun mrutyu. gunhegarala fashi dilyanantar vaidyakeey vaidyakeey mrutyu pramanpatra dene aavashyak aahe. 1958 madhye durustidware mrutyu pramanpatrachi aavashyakta samavisht karnyat aalee. jyaa jyaa gunhegarala doshi tharavale, tyaa jurine, jyaa jeelhyat fashichi shiksha sunavanyat aalee hotee tyaa jilhyachya jilhyachya, gunhegaranchya sharirachi "chaukashi" karane aavashyak aahe. nyayadhish mandal mrut vyaktichi olakh patvane (mhanje, too kinwa tee doshi tharavalela gunhegar aahe). jurine heey dekhil sunishchit kele pahije qee "gunhegaravar fashichi shiksha yogyaritya lagoo karnyat aalee hotee", mhanje vaidyakeey pramanpatravyatirikt, jurine gunhegar melah aahe heey nishchit karane aavashyak aahe. jyanna fashichi shiksha jhaali aahe, tyanche dafansthan tongan prevy kaunsilane tharvile aahe-eka thikan nivadle jaate aanee fashi dilelya pratyek gunhegarala yaa thikani daphan kele jaeel. tongan prevy council fashichya sandarbhat, "fashichya konatyahi durupyogapasun sanrakshn", "tyavishayi adhik gambhirya denyasathi" aanee fashi hott aahe heey turungabaher jaheer karnyachya uddeshane "niyam" banavanyas dekhil saksham aahe.
itihas.
1887 madhye raja george tupo pahila yachya aadeshanusar samoohik fashi denyat aalee, jevha pantpradhan sherley waldemar bekarchi hatya karnyacha prayatna kelyabaddal deshdrohachya aaropakhali doshi tharalelya sahaa purushanna nukualofachya malinoachya chhotya betavar golibar pathkadvare fashi denyat aalee.
tongamadhye sarvat alikadil fashi 1982 madhye jhaali, jevha haloti soul, livingi soul aanee phiilii esav yanna hatyesathi fashi denyat aalee. tyach varshi, tongan sansadene fashichi shiksha radd karnyavar charcha kelee, parantu tee kayam thevanyacha nirnay ghetala.
2004 madhye, tongan vidhansabhene eka vidheykavar matdan kele jyat avaidh ammali padarth balgalyabaddal fashichi shiksha prastavit kelee gelee. heey vidheyak vidhansabhene 10-7 chya matane parabhoot kele, jeey soochit karate qee jarr tonga heey kayam rahile tarr fashichi shiksha itar gunhyansathi lagoo honari shiksha mhanoon pasarnar nahee. hatya aanee deshdrohachya atyant gambhir gunhyansathi tonga fashichi shiksha rakhoon thevu ichchito heey eka sanket aahe.
2005 madhye jevha tevita siyal vola 24 varshant hatyeprakarani doshi tharaleli tongatil pahili vyakti tharali, tevha fashichi shiksha denyacha muddah upasthit karnyat aala. tathapi, webster see. jeey. neey mrutyudandachi shiksha ladali nahee, jyachya aadhare volachya krutee "durmil prakarananpaiki eka, jithe janmathepecha paryayi paryay nihsanshaypane bund aahe, tyachya maryadechi purtata karat naheet."webster see. jeey. neey fashichya shikshevar konatahi naitik nirnay ghetala nahee, heey spasht karat qee mrutyudand tongamadhye kayam thewala jaava qee nahee heey tharvane" "sarkar aanee sansadecha vishay" "aahe". aar vhee vola' madheel nikal haah eka soochak mhanoon kaam karato qee tonga mrutyudandachi shiksha halakya arthane ladat nahee.
aantarrashtriy krutee aanee itar rajyanchya pratikriya.
general.
sanyukt rashtranni 2007 madhye fashichya shikshevar sthagiti sadar kelee. tongane yachya virodhat matdan kele aanee 2008,2010 aanee 2012 madhye teey suruch thewale. tathapi, agadi alikade-2014 aanee 2016 madhye-tongane yaa muddyavar matdan karane talhale.
talhale nuqualofa dangalinantar, jithe anek purushanvar hatyecha sanshay hota, asey disun aale qee yaa purushanvar kadachit kadhihi khatala honar nahee. dangalisathi tapas pathakacha bhag asalelya austreliya sarkarne sanshayitanna fashichi shiksha sunavali jaeel yaa bhitine piditanche shavavichedan ahwal denyas nakar deela.
sarvatrik niyatkalik punaravalokan.
2008 chey chakr
2008 madhye tyachya pahilya sarvatrik niyatkalik punaravalokan chakradarmyan, tongla fashichi shiksha radd karnyasathi italikadoon shifaras midali. tongane aathvan karoon dett uttar dile qee tyanni 1982 pasoon assa dand ladalela nahee aanee yaa vishayavar charcha aanee vadavivadasathi pudhil sandhinche teey swagat karatat.matra, yaa chakranantar tongane fashichi shiksha radd karnyachya dishene konatehi prayatna kele naheet. tongane kahee aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kararanna manyata dilee aahe heey lakshat gheta, mrutyudandachya sandarbhat tyachya kahee aantarrashtriy aantarrashtriy aahet.
2012 chey chakr
2012 chya chakrane ashach shifarasi aanalya, yaveli anek rajyankadun. yamadhye austreliya, spain aanee united kingdamchya shifarshincha samavesh hota, jyat nagri aanee rajkiy hakkanvaril aantarrashtriy kararachya kararachya paryayi protocolla manyata dilee gelee, jyacha uddesh fashichi shiksha radd karane haah aahe. tonga haah aay. see. see. pii. aar. varr swakshari karnara nahee kinwa tyane tyala manyata dileli nahee. tyamule, austreliya aanee united kingdamchya shifarshinmadhye yaa kararala manyata denyachya soochanechahi samavesh hota. aaplya pratisadat tonga mhanale qee tyanni aay. see. see. pii. aar. laa manyata denyacha vichar keela nahee. tathapi, tyat 'aar. vhee. vola' chaa ullekh assa adhikar mhanoon keela aahe qee tongan nyayalaye aay. see. see. pii. aar. chee tattve manyata naan midalyanantarhi lagoo karat aahet.
2012 chya varchya chakradarmyan, itali aanee slovakiane pratyeki 18 varshankhalil lokanvar fashichi shiksha lagoo karnyababat swatantra shifarasi kelya. italine suchavale qee tonga yala "spashtapane pratibandhit" karate, slovakiane alpavayin gunhegaransathi fashichi shiksha "twarit" radd karanyachi shifaras kelee. balhakkanvaril karar aanee sanyukt rashtranchya aamsabhechya samkalin tharavanusar heey kele jaeel, asey italine visheshtah namood kele aahe. jaree 1995 madhye tongane 18 varshankhalil lokanna kelelya gunhyachi parva naan karata fashichya shikshevar bandee bandee see. aar. see. laa manyata dilee asali taree, 2000 chya nyayalayachya nirnayamule 2023 paryant hii manyata raddabatal rahili, jyane sthapit kele qee konatahi aantarrashtriy kayada rashtriy kayadyane pradan kelelya faujdari shikshanchya prakaranna maryadit karoo shakat nahee. 2001 madhye tonga avoka kentche tatkalin kulpati mhanaleh "marekari aanee deshdrohi keval 18 varshanche jhaale naheet yaa aadharavar tyanchyavar dayaa kelee jaanar nahee. aaplya rashtriy kayadyat mrutyudandache kiman vay spashtapane dile aahe, teey 15 aahe aanee hii vayomaryada aaplya aantarrashtriy bhagidarandware aadar kelya jaanyaitaki yogya aahe. 16 aanee 17 varshanchya mulanna, jevha teey sarvat ghor, amanaviy gunhe karatat, teey vayane mothe aanee tyanchya krutee samajoon ghenyaitake hushar asatat aanee aapala desh baal sanrakshanachya navakhali konatahi murkhpanacha khel khelanar nahee, tevha tyanna nehmich praudhanpramanech vagavale jaeel. haah vishay bund jhaala aahe, see. aar. see. chya vyakhyevar yapudhe konatihi charcha honar nahee."
yaa chakradarmyan tongachya pratisadamule fashichi shiksha kayam thevanyacha tyacha nirdhar prakashat aala. vyavharat nirmulanvadi asoonahi, tonga heey moolatah eka dharanadharak rajya aahe kaaran teey fashichi shiksha radd karnyas nakar dete.
itar deshanchya tulanet.
tonga itar 140 deshanmadhye sameel hote jeey kayada kinwa vyavharat nirmulanvadi aahet. fashichi shiksha kayam thevanara haah oshaniyatil ekmev desh aahe.

