
paschim africa

paschim africa kinwa paschim africa haah aafrikecha sarvat pashchimekadil pradesh aahe. sanyukt rashtranni paschim aafrikechi vyakhya benin, burkina faso, cape verde, gambia, ghaana, giinii, giinii-bisau, hastidant kinarpatti, liberia, maalee, mauritania, niger, nigeria, senegal, siera leone aanee togo, tasech sant helena, aarohan aanee triston daa kunha (united kingdamcha paradeshi pradesh) asey 16 desh mhanoon kelee aahe. paschim aafrikechi loksankhya andaje dashalaksh aahe aanee 2017 paryant 381,981,000 aahe, jyapaiki 189,672,000 mahila aanee 192,309,000 purush hote. haah pradesh loksankhyashastriy aanee aarthikdrushtya african khandatil sarvat vegane vadhana pradeshanpaiki eka aahe.
paschim aafrikechya suruvatichya itihasat maalee aanee gao samrajyansarkhya kinarpatti aanee antargat vyapar jaalyachya vividh bhaganvar varchasva gajavana anek pramukh pradeshik shaktincha samavesh hota. paschim africa haah arab varchasva asalelya uttar africa aanee khandachya aanakhi dakshinekadil vyapar marganchya chhedanbinduvar basala hota, joou sone, pragat loh-kaam aanee hastidant yasarkhya vishesh vastooncha srot hota. europeey shodhmohimesathi samruddha sthanik arthvyavastha aanee rajyancha samna kelyanantar, americetil vasahatinna kamgar puravanyasathi atlantic gulam vyapar aadhich astitvat asalelya gulam vyavasthanvar bandhala gela. 19vya shatkachya suruvatila gulamancha vyapar sampalyanantar, european rashtranni, visheshtah france aanee brittonne vasahatvadi sambandhanchya madhyamatoon yaa pradeshacha gairavapar karane suru thewale. udaharanarth, tyanni kokaaa aanee coffeesarkhi shrampradhan krishi pike, ushnakatibandhiy lakudasarkhi vanikaran utpadane aanee sonyasarkhya khanij sansadhanansah anek ark kadhana vastunchi niryat suru thewali. swatantryapasun, hastidant kinarpatti, ghaana, nigeria aanee senegal yasarkhya anek paschim africi deshanni pradeshik aanee jaagtik arthvyavasthanmadhye mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali aahe.
paschim aafriket majboot jaivavividhata aanee anek bhinn pradeshansah samruddha paryavaran aahe. yaa bhagatil hawaman aanee paryavaranavar uttar aanee purvela koradya saharacha motha prabhav aahe, jeey harmatan darmyan korade vaare dete, tasech dakshin aanee paschimela atlantic mahasagar, joou hangami mansoon pradan karato. havamanache heey mishran paschim africela jaivavividhtesaha samruddha ushnakatibandhiy jangalanpasun teey pengolins, gende aanee hatti yasarkhya durmil aanee luptapray pranyanna aadhar denanya koradya pradeshanparyant jaivakshetranchi samruddha shreni dete. aarthik vikasasathichya dabavamule, yapaiki anek parisanstha jangaltod, jaivavividhata nasht hone, atimatsyapalan, khankam, plastic aanee itar udhyoganmule honare pradushan aanee paschim aafriketil hawaman badalamule honare tivra badal yasarkhya prakriyanmule dhokyat aahet.
itihas.
paschim aafrikecha itihas paach pramukh kalkhandanmadhye vibhagala jaau shakatoh pahila, tyacha pragaitihasik kaal, jyamadhye pahile manvi vasahati aale, tyanni shetee vikasit kelee aanee uttarekadil lokanshi sampark sadhala; dusra, lohyugatil samrajye jyanni aantar-africa aanee atirikt-africa vyapar donhi ektrit kele aanee kendrikrut rajye vikasit kelee; tisra, pramukh rajyanchi bharbharat jhaali, jyacha bigger-africeshi sampark sadhanyacha vistrut itihas asel; chautha, vasahatvadi kaal, jyamadhye gret britton aanee france yanni jawaljawal sampoorn pradeshavar niyantran thewale; aanee pachva, swatantryottar yug, jyamadhye sadhyache rashtra tayar jhaale.
pragaitihasik.
paschim aafrikechi loksankhya lakshaniyaritya firnari hotee aanee paschim aafrikechya loksankhyechya sampoorn itihasat ekmekanshi sanvad sadhat hotee. pracheen manav, kiman 7,80,000 bii. pii. aanee 126,000 bii. pii. (madhya playstocene) darmyan, sampoorn paschim aafriket vastavyas rahile asavet. plistocene kalat, madhya pashanyugatil lock (udaa.jee.miss 4 aanee miss 2 darmyan paschim aafriket rahana ivo eleru lock, bahudha eterian) yanchi jaaga haloohaloo yenanya pashanyugachya uttaradhatil lokanni ghetali, jeey damat paristhitit vaadh jhalyamule paschim aafriket sthalantarit jhaale, parinami paschim aafriketil jangalancha vistar jhaala. paschim aafriketil shikari-gola karnanyanni paschim madhya africa (udaa.jee.32, 000 bii. pii. peksha aadhi, suum laka) 12,000 bii. pii. neey sampoorn kinarpatti paschim aafriket rahat hota aanee 12,000 bii. pii. aanee 8000 bii. pii. chya darmyan uttarela maalee, burkina faso aanee mauritaniyaparyant sthalantarit jhaala.
holocene kalat, niger-kongo bhashikanni swatantrapane onjaugau, malimadhye-aafriketil sarvat junie matichi bhandi-kiman ii. sha. puu. 9400 paryant tayar kelee aanee tyanchya matichi bhandi, tasech dhanushya aanee banansah, madhya saharamadhye sthalantar kele, jeey 10,000 bii. pii. neey tyanche nivassthan banale. saharamadhil matichya bhandyancha uday aanee vistar goal doke aanee keela esuf rock artchya utpattishi jodalela asoo shakato, jeey tyach pradeshatil rock sheltervar kabja karatat (udaa.jee., dijado, acacus, tadrart). madhya saharamadhil shikari paliv nasaleli kendriya sahar vanaspati, paliv kalveet aanee paliv aanee mendhpal ghenari mendhare palat, sathavat aanee shijavat asat. keela esuf kalkhandanantar aanee madhya saharachya goal mukhya kalanantar, pashupalan kaal aala. goal doke asaleli rock qalaa tayar karananya kahee shikari-gola karnanyanni pashupalan sanskraticha avalamb keela asel aanee itaranni kadachit keela nasel. hiravya saharachya vadhatya shushkatecha parinam mhanoon, madhya saharan shikari-gola karnare aanee gurakhi palakanni paschim aafrikechya niger nadee aanee chaad khonyat sthalantarit marg mhanoon hangami jalmargancha vapar keela asava. sahelian pradeshachya dakshinekadil saharan lokanchya sthalantaramule paschim aafriketil shikari-gola karnanyanshi hangami sanvad jhaala aanee haloohaloo tyanche shoshan jhaale, jeey pramukhyane paschim aafriketil savana aanee jangalanmadhye rahat hote. paschim aafriket, jeey peak aanee pranyanchya paliv pranyansathi aafriketil eka pramukh pradeshik palanaghar asoo shakate, niger-kongo bhashikanni shirastran asalelya ginifalla 5500 bii. pii. aanee 1300 bii. pii. darmyan palale; paschim aafriketil vividh thikani shetatil pikanche paliv pranikaran jhaale, jase qee yaam (dii. purv ghaana aanee paschim nigeria (uttar benin) darmyan niger nadichya khonyat prehencillis), malichya antargat niger tribhuj pradeshat tandul (oriza glaberima), uttar maalee aanee mauritaniamadhye motee bajari (sancrus americanus) aanee uttar ghanamadhye chaney. 1000 bii. pii. paryant kinwa ii. sha. 1500 nantar kahee kaal tikoon rahilyanantar, urvarit paschim africi shikari-gola karnare, jyapaiki barech vann-savannah pradeshat rahat hote, shevati sthalantarit bantu shetkari aanee madhya aafriketil shikari-gola karnanyanshi tyanche samna yasarkhya paschim aafriketil shetkari mothya gatanmadhye sanvardhit aanee misalale gele.
samrajye.
yaa pradeshachya arthvyavasthechya vikasamule adhik kendrikrut rajye aanee sanskruti nirman houu shakalya, jyachi suruvat ii. sha. puu. 1600 madhye suru jhalelya dhaar tichitpasoon jhaali.see. tyanantar ii. sha. puu. 300 pasoon digene-digeno suru jhaala.see. tyanantar 9vya aanee 12vya shatkat pratham bharbharatila aalele ghaana samrajya aale, jyane nantar maalee samrajyala marg deela. sadhyachya mauritaniamadhye, tichit aanee ovalata yaa shaharanmadhye puratatviy sthale astitvat aahet jee suruvatila ii. sha. puu. 2000 chya sumaras bandhali gelee hotee.see., aanee maand lokanchya soninke shakhetoon udbhavalyache aadhalun aale. aadhunik mauritaniyatil kumbi saleh shaharachya puratatvashastravar aadharit, 1052 madhye almoravid aakramankartyankadun parabhav hoiparyant maalee samrajyane yaa pradeshachya bahutansh bhagavar varchasva gajavale.
navvya shatkaparyant 'bilad all-sudan' madhye teen mahan rajye olakhali gelee. tyat ghaana, gao aanee kanem yancha samavesh hota.
soso samrajyane hii pokali bharoon kadhanyacha prayatna keela parantu tyacha parabhav jhaala (ii. 1240) naveen maalee samrajyacha sansthapak, sundiyata ketachya mandinka sainyane. maalee samrajya anek shatake, visheshtah sundiyatchya natoo pahilya musa yachya kalat, dhasalhalelya rajyakartyanchya varshamule mossi, tuareg aanee songhai aakramankartyanchya netrutvakhali tyache patan honyapurvi, bharbharatila aale. 15vya shatkat, soonee allie aanee askia mohammed yanchya netrutvakhali, songhai samrajyat, gaovar aadharit eka naveen prabhavi rajya songhaine tayar kele.
darmyan, sudanchya dakshines, majboot shahar-rajye igbolandmadhye udayas aalee, udaharanarth 10 vya shatkatil nriche rajya, jyane igbo lokanchya qalaa aanee chaliritincha janm karnyas madat kelee, 11 vya shatkat bono rajya, jyane asankhya akan rajyanna janm deela, tarr 12 vya shatkachya aaspas ife pramukh jhaale. pudhe purvekade, oyo heey pramukh yoroba rajya mhanoon aanee aadhunik nigeriamadhye arro mahasangh heey eka pramukh igobo rajya mhanoon udayas aale.
nri rajya heey sadhyachya aagney nayajeriyamadhil paschim aafriketil madhyayugeen rajya aanee igo lokancha upasamuh hota. aine. aar. aay. rajya heey jaagtik sarkarchya itihasat asamanya hote kaaran tyachya netyane tyachya prajanvar konatehi lashkari adhikar vaparale navhate. igbolandchya eka trutiyansh bhagavar dharmik aanee rajkiy prabhavache kshetra mhanoon heey rajya astitvat hote aanee tyache prashasana aiz nri navachya pujari-rajadvare kele jaat asey. aiz nri heey nri lokanchya vatine vyapar aanee mutsaddegiri vyavasthapit karat asat aanee dharmik babinmadhye tyanna daivi adhikar hota.
oyo samrajya heey aaj paschim, uttar madhya nigeria aanee beninche dakshin prajasattak asalele eka yoroba samrajya hote. 14 vya shatkat sthapan jhalele oyo samrajya paschim aafriketil sarvat mothya rajyanpaiki eka banale. yorubachya utkrusht sanghatanatmak kaushalyandvare, vyaparatoon milanari sampatti aanee tyachya shaktishali ghodadalatun tyachi vaadh jhaali. 17vya shatkachya madhyapasoon 18vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant oyo samrajya heey yaa pradeshatil sarvat rajkiyadrushtya mahattvache rajya hote, jyache keval yorubalandmadhil itar bahutek rajyanvarach navhe tarr jawalchya african rajyanvar, visheshtah pashchimekadil aadhunik benin prajasattakatil dahomichya phaun rajyavarhi varchasva hote.
benin samrajya heey aata dakshin nigeriamadhye sthit eka abhijat-nantarche samrajya hote. tyachi rajdhani edo hotee, jee aata benin shahar, edo mhanoon olakhali jaate. purvi dahomi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya benin navachya aadhunik deshashi tyacha gondhal houu naye. benin samrajya heey paschim aafrikechya kinarpattivaril antarbhagatil sarvat junya aanee atyant vikasit rajyanpaiki eka hote, jeey kadachit ii. sha. chya akaravya shatkatil hote. benin samrajyache shasson eka sarvbhoum samrat karat hota, jyat lakho sainik hote aanee eka shaktishali parishad hotee, jee sansadhane, sampatti, pracheen vidnyan aanee tantradnyanane samruddha hotee, jyache varnan harlemsarkhi sunder aanee mothee shahare asey kele jaate. "olaft dapper, eka dutch lekhak, tyachya" "aafrikache varnan" "(1668) yaa pustakat beninche varnan karato". tyachi hastakala hii aafrikechya itihasatil sarvat priy aanee maulyavan kansya casting hotee. 1897 madhye aafrikevaril aakraman aanee hanamaridarmyan british samrajyane teey tabyat ghetale.
european sampark aanee gulamgiri.
portugij vyapanyanni 1445 madhye kinanyavar vasahati ubharanyas suruvat kelee, tyanantar french, ingraji, spanish, danish aanee dutch; african gulamancha vyapar kahee kalanantar suru jhaala, jyamule pudhil shatkanmadhye pradeshachi arthvyavastha aanee loksankhya kamkuvat hoil. gulamanchya vyaparane bono rajya, bambara samrajya aanee dahomi yasarkhya rajyanchya nirmitila protsahan dile, jyanchya aarthik karyat europeey bandukansathi gulamanchi devanghevan karane samavisht aahe parantu itakech maryadit nahee.
vasahatvad.
19vya shatkachya suruvatila, phulani sudharak jihadinchi malika paschim aafriket pasarali. sarvat ullekhaneey mhanje osman danne fodiyoche phulani samrajya, jyane hausa shahar-rajyanchi jaaga ghetali, seku amaduche masina samrajya, jyane bambarala parabhoot kele aanee ell hudge umarchya takalur samrajyacha samavesh aahe, jyane aadhunik kalatil bahutek malivar thodya kalasathi vijay midavala.
tathapi, french aanee britishanni aafrikesathichya sangharshat pudhe jaane suru thewale, rajyanantar rajyala parabhoot kele. 1898 madhye samori tureche navyane sthapan jhalele vasou samrajya aanee 1902 madhye ashanti ranee yaa asanteva yanchya patananantar, vasahatvadi rajvatila paschim aafriketil bahutansh lashkari pratikar ayashasvi jhaala.
paschim-africi pradeshanchya kahee bhagamadhye 19vya shatkat sankhyatmak patalimadhye vaadh jhaali. asha vadhiche kaaran anek ghatkandware purvanirdharit kele gele hote. mhanje shengdanyache utpadan aanee vyapar, jyala vasahatvadi rajyanchya maganimule chalana midali. mahattvache mhanje, jyaa pradeshanmadhye qamee shrenibaddha hote aanee gulamgirichya vyaparavar qamee avalambun hote (udaa.jee. sine aanee salam). tarr viruddha cull asalelya bhagat viruddha cull darshavile gele aahet (udaa.jee. madhya aanee uttar senegal). french vasahatvadi mohimemule tyaa namunyanna aanakhi chalana midali.
vasahatvadi yugat brittonne gambia, siera leone, ghaana aanee nigeriavar niyantran thewale, tarr francene senegal, giinii, maalee, burkina faso, benin, hastidant kinarpatti aanee niger yanna french paschim aafriket ektrit kele. portugalne giinii-bisauchi vasahat sthapan kelee, tarr germanyne togolandver dawa keela, parantu vharsaychya tahamule pahilya mahayuddhanantar france aanee brittenmadhye tyache vibhajan karnyas bhag padale gele. keval liberiane mothya pradeshik savalatinchya kimmativar aapale swatantrya kayam thewale.
uttar-vasahatvadache yug.
dusya mahayuddhanantar paschim aafriket rashtravadi chalvali udayala aalya. 1957 madhye, kwame nakrumahachya netrutvakhali ghaana, swatantrya midavanari pahili paschim africi vasahat bunley, tyanantar pudhchya varshi francechya vasahati (1958 madhye adhyaksh ahmed seko tour yanchya netrutvakhali giinii); 1974 paryant, paschim aafrikechi rashtre purnapane swayatt hotee.
swatantryanantar, naijiriya, siera leone, liberia aanee hastidant kinarpattivaril ullekhaneey yadavi yuddhansah aanee ghaana aanee burkina phasomadhye salag lashkari uthavasah anek paschim africi rashtre rajkiy asthiratet budali aahet.
vasahatvadachya samaptipasun, haah pradesh kahee kroor sangharshansathi munch rahila aahe, jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
bhoo-rajkiy vibhagani.
bhaugolikdrushtya, sanyukt rashtranchya paschim aafrikechya upprantachya vyakhyemadhye mauritaniachi bharr ghalana aadhichya rajyancha samavesh aahe (jeey 1999 madhye ikovasmadhun mage ghenyat aale), jyache kshetrafal andaje 61 laakh chauras qii. mea. aahe. yuen pradeshat dakshin atlantic mahasagaratil seent helena, ascension aanee triston daa kunha yaa united kingdamchya sagari pradeshacha dekhil samavesh aahe.
kshetra.
sanyukt rashtranchya african pradeshanchya yojnet, paschim aafrikechya pradeshat 16 rajye aanee seent helena, ascension aanee triston daa kunhacha united kingdamcha paradeshi pradesh samavisht aaheh maalee, burkina faso, senegal aanee niger heey bahutek sahelmadhye aahet, jeey sahara valvant aanee sudanian savana yanchyatil sankraman kshetra aahe; benin, hastidant kinarpatti, gambia, ghaana, giinii, giinii-bisau, liberia, siera leone, togo aanee nigeria heey bahutek giinii tayar karatat, ginichya aakhatajavalil kshetrache paramparik naav; mauritania aafrikechya vayavya bhagat magarebmadhye aahe, jyat aitihasikdrushtya paschim africi gatanni vastavya kele aahe, jase qee phuli, soone, vinkolistan, aanee aath lock, eka seent dabarberg, aanee eka tuggerberg, aanee tuggerberg, asha chaar bhagansah, atlantic mahasagaratil eka mukhya bhag, aanee eka seent dabrian bett, aanee tuggerberg, heey done bhag aahet; mauritania arab jagashi vadhat jaanare jawalche sambandh aanee 1999 madhye paschim africi rajyanchya (ikovas) aarthik samudayatoon maghar ghetalyamule, aadhunik kalat, visheshtah aafriket, aata paschim uttar aafrikecha bhag mhanoon too anekada manla jaato.
shahare.
paschim aafriketil pramukh aanee pramukh shaharanmadhye bhaugolikdrushtya purvekade khaleel shaharancha samavesh aaheh
paryavaran.
nisarg.
europeey vasahatikaranachya aadhi, paschim aafriketil desh jase qee senegambiya pradeshatil (senegal aanee gambia) deshanmadhye sinh, hippopotamus, hatti, kalveet, bibate ityadinsah vividh prakarche vanyajeev asat. tathapi, vasahatikaranachya kalat, french aanee britishansarkhya european vasahatikartyanni bahutek vanyajeev visheshtah sinhanna tyanchya sharirache bhag chashak mhanoon vaparoon marle. 20vya shatkachya akheris, senegambiya pradeshane shikaramule bahutek sinhanchi sankhya aanee itar videshi prani gamavale hote. 1930 chya dashkaparyant, gambian hattinchi sankhya namshesh jhaali. hii ghatana keval senegambiya pradeshapurati maryadit navhati, tarr paschim aafrikechya bahutansh bhagavar parinam jhaali kaaran yaa pradeshane ekada tyachya sanskrutik olakhishi itakya jawalun jodaleli naisargik sansadhane gamavali hotee. shikarane tethil bahutansh vanyajeev chorale aahet."britishanni shikar karnyache parvane jaaree kele aanee jaree nantar teey sthanik vanyajeevanmadhye jeey shillak hote teey jatan karnyacha prayatna karoon kelele nuksan ulatavanyacha prayatna kartil, parantu toparyant khoop usheer jhaala hota. 1930 chya dashakat, suvarn kinanyavaril hattinchi sankhya sumare 300 hotee aanee siera leone 500 teey 600 chya darmyan hotee. jaree nigeriamadhye hattinchi eka chhoti sankhya tikoon rahili, taree tyaa deshatil shikar, sheticha vistar aanee jungle saaf karane yamule tethil vanyajeev loksankhyevar, visheshtah hattinvar motha parinam jhaala.
yaa pradeshatil vanyajeev loksankhyeche aitihasik nuksan jhaale asale taree, yaa pradeshat ajunahi kahee sanrakshit nisarg rakheev aahet. tyapaiki kahee samavisht aaheth
paschim africa heey anek baobab zaade aanee itar vanaspati jivanachehi ghar aahe. kahee baobabchi zaade anek shatake junie aahet aanee sthanik lokkathancha bhag aahet, udaharanarth, senegalmadhil "ngoye najuli" navache eka pauranik baobabche zaad jyala cerror pavitra sthal manatat. zaad swatach bhavya aahe aanee teey eka mothya folasasarkhe disate aanee tyatoon eka vikrut prani kinwa vastoo baher padat aahe. heey pangoolche nivassthan asalyache mhatale jaate. nagoye najuli senegalachya adhikadhyandvare sanrakshit aahe aanee abhyagatanna aakarshit karate. paschim aafriket, aafrikechya itar bhaganpramanech, jethe baobabche zaad aadhalate, tethe paaney kuskusmadhye misalali jaatat aanee khalle jaatat, zadachi saal dorr tayar karnyasathi vaparali jaate aanee fale aanee biyane peye aanee telansathi vaparali jaatat.
jangaltod.
paschim africa jangaltodimule mothya pramanat prabhavit aahe aanee jangaltodicha darr sarvat white aahe. kahee paschim africi sanskratinna pavitra vatnara 'priy baobab vruksh' dekhil hawaman badal, shaharikaran aanee loksankhya vadhimule dhokyat aahe. "paam teel aanee kokaaa lagvadisathi jaaga saaf karnyasathi jangalancha motha bhag uddhvast keela jaat aahe. kharfuti pradushanamule nasht hott aahet. vadhatya kutumbanna ann puravanyasathi svayampakasathichya aagit vaparnyasathi chatur babuldekhil kadhoon takale jaatat."nigeria, liberia, giinii, ghaana aanee hastidant kinarpattine tyanchya parjanyavanatil motha bhag gamavala aahe. 2005 madhye sanyukt rashtranchya ann aanee krishi sanghatnene nigeriala sampoorn jagatil sarvat white jangaltodiche praman asalele rajya mhanoon sthan dile. karananmadhye lakudtod, udarnirvah shetee aanee indhan lakud sankalan yancha samavesh hoto.
steve nix (2018) yaa lekhikene lihilelya eka vicharvant prakashananusar, paschim aafriketil mool varshavananpaiki jawaljawal 90 takke nasht jhaale aahet aanee urvarit "mothya pramanat vighatit aanee kharab sthiteet aahet, tyancha vapar qamee keela jaat aahe."
atimatsyapalan.
paschim aafriket atimatsyapalan hii eka mothee samasya aahe. yaa pradeshatil mashancha satha qamee karnyavyatirikt, annasuraksha aanee anek kinarpattivaril samudayanchya upajivikesathi dekhil dhoka nirman hoto, jeey mukhyatve karagir masemarivar avalambun aahet. jaast masemari samanyatah yaa pradeshat karyarat asalelya paradeshi trollersmadhun hote.
atimatsyikaranacha samna karnyasathi, greenpeacene deshanna african panyat karyarat asalelya nondanikrut trollerschee sankhya qamee karanyachi, dekhrekh aanee niyantran vadhavanyachi aanee pradeshik matsyapalan sanghatana sthapan karanyachi shifaras kelee aahe. paschim-africi deshanna (mhanje, jaagtik bankecha paschim africa pradeshik matsyavyavasay karyakram) sashakt karnara, yuddhotsavi udyog (warfpy) yaa swarupat kahee pavale aadhich uchalanyat aalee aahet.eae. mahitee, prashikshan aanee dekhrekh pranalinsah liberia, siera leone, cape verde aanee senegal). yavyatirikt, liberiane 2010 madhye matsyapalan niyam kayada lagoo keela aanee upgrah-aadharit dekhrekh pranali sthapit kelee aanee 2015 madhye senegalane matsyapalan sanhita lagoo kelee. cape wordeymadhye, pamera aanee santa mariyachya machchimar samudayanni masemari kshetranchya sanrakshanasathi swatahla sanghatit kele aahe. mozambikne shevati kinarpattisah eka sanwardhan kshetra tayar kele.
bhoogol aanee hawaman.
paschim africa, jyachi vyapakpane vyakhya magharebacha paschim bhag (paschim sahara, morokko, algeria aanee tunicia) samavisht karnyasathi kelee jaate, tyache kshetrafal 6,140,000 chauras kimipeksha jaast kinwa aafrikechya andaje eka panchmansh aahe. yaa jaminicha bahutansh bhag samudraspatipasun 300 meetarpeksha qamee unchivar vasalela maidani bhag aahe, jaree paschim aafrikechya dakshin kinanyavaril anek rajyanmadhye vegale unch bindu astitvat aahet.
paschim aafrikecha uttarekadil bhag (paschim maghreb vagalanyasathi sankshiptapane paribhashit kelela) sahel mhanoon olakhala jaanara ardh-shushk bhoobhagane banalela aahe, joou sahara aanee paschim sudanian savana yanchyatil sankramankalin kshetra aahe. jangale savana aanee dakshin kinarpatti darmyan 160 kiimii teey 240 kiimii rundicha patta tayar karatat.
mauritaniachya vayavya africi pradeshat veloveli toldhadichya deshvyapi mahamaricha samna karava lagato, jyaa paanee, meeth aanee pike vapartat, jyavar manvi loksankhya avalambun asate.
parshvabhoomi.
paschim africa haah 10° purv rekhanshachya jawal asalelya kalpit uttar-dakshin akshachya paschimela aahe. atlantic mahasagar paschim africi pradeshachya paschim aanee dakshin seema tayar karato. uttarechi seema mhanje sahara valvant, ranishanu vakane haah samanyatah yaa pradeshacha sarvat uttarekadil bhag manla jaato. purvekadil seema qamee achook aahe, kahijan tee benue trufver thevatat aanee itar mount cameroonpasoon lake chadparyantchya reshevar thevatat.
vasahatvadi seema samkalin paschim african rajyanmadhil aadhunik simanmadhye pratibimbit hotat, vanshik aanee sanskrutik reshanchya palikade jaaun, anekada done kinwa adhik rajyanmadhye ekach vanshik gatanna vibhajit karatat.
madhya, dakshin aanee aagney aafrikechya bahutansh bhaganchya ulat, paschim aafriket bantu bhashik lock naheet.
vahtook.
railway vahtook.
2007 madhye sthapan jhalelya trans-ikovas prakalpane yaa kshetratil railwayche aadhunikikaran karanyachi yojana aakhali aahe. paschim aafriketil rajyanchya (ikovas) aarthik samudayachya uddishtanpaiki eka mhanje ekatmik railway jaalyacha vikas. sadasya deshanmadhye relvecha vistar, purvichya vilag railwayche paraspar sambandh aanee gej, break, coupling aanee itar mapdandanche manakikaran yancha uddesh aahe. pahila marg lagos, kotonou, lome aanee akranchi shahare aanee bandaranna jodel aanee mothya container jahajanna mothya bandaranchya qamee sankhyevar laksh kendrit karnyas anumati deil, tarr mothya antarbhagala karyakshamatene seva deil. haah marg gej aanee pranalinna jodato, jyasathi chaar rail dual gejchi aavashyakta asel, jeey manak gej dekhil pradan karoo shakatat.
raste vahtook.
trans-west african coastal hayave" haah eka aantarrashtriy mahamarg prakalp aahe, joou 12 paschim africi coastal rajyanna jodato, yaa pradeshachya vayvyes mauritaniyapasun purvela nayjeriyaparyant, aanee maalee aanee burkina faso yaa done bhoo-aachchhadit deshanna aadhich purak raste upalabdh aahet.
mahamargacha purvekadil toke nayajeriyatil lagos yethe sampato. paschim aafriketil rajyancha (ikovas) aarthik samuday tyacha paschim toke nauakchat, mauritania kinwa dakar, senegal manato, jyamule rastyasathi yaa paryayi navanna janm hotoh
havai vahtook.
rajdhanyanchya vimantalanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
solpaiki, paschim aafrikeche sarvat mahattvache kendra aanee pravesh bindu mhanje kotoka aantarrashtriy vimantal aanee murtala muhammad aantarrashtriy vimantal, jeey anek aantarrashtriy jodani detat.
aarogya.
vyapak daridrya, mahamariche rog aanee ann asurakshitata yamule nirman jhaleli aavhane asoonahi paschim africene aaplya loksankhyechya aarogya parinamanmadhye lakshaniy sudharana kelee aahe. etch. aay. vhee./eds, maleria aanee kshayrog heey paramparik sansargjanya rog ajunahi mrutyuchi pramukh karane aahet. prathamik aarogya seva heey rog barey karnyasathi sarvottam uttar aahe, kaaran teey mulanche aanee mateche aajarpan aanee mrutyudar qamee karnyasathi moolbhut pratibandhatmak dhorane pradan karate-done sarvat pratibandhatmak parinam jeey janmachya velee ayurman vadhavu shakatat. alikade, jaagtik pradeshanpramanech paschim aafriketahi mansik aarogyachya samasya vadhat aahet. tathapi, haah vishay mukhyatve nishiddha aahe aanee vyavsayik upchar ajunahi durmil aahet.
sanskruti.
paschim aafriket nigeriyapasun teey senegalparyant vividh sanskruti asoonahi, poshakh, pakakala, sangeet aanee sanskratimadhye samanya samanata aahet jee bhaugolik pradeshabaheril gatanshi mothya pramanat samayik kelee jaat naheet. sanskrutik devanghevanicha haah pradirgh itihas yaa pradeshachya vasahatikaranachya yugachya aadhicha aahe aanee andaje ghaana samrajya (yogyah vagdou samrajya), maalee samrajya kinwa kadachit yaa samrajyanchya aadhicha asoo shakato.
paramparik vastukala.
imaratichya mukhya paramparik shaili (aadhunik shailinchya sanyogane) antardeshiy bhagatil vegali sudano-sahelian shaili aahe aanee kinarpattivaril vann shaili itar up-sahara bhaganchi adhik aathvan karoon detat. ushnakatibandhiy damat jangalanpasun teey shushk gavatal pradesh aanee valvantanparyantchya parisaratil vividh havamanamule honanya maganimule teey bandhkamat khoop bhinn aahet. sthapatyashastriy farak asoonahi, imarati samaan karye karatat, jyat madhya teey paschim africi kautumbik jivanachi chakravadh rachana kinwa varjana kinwa samajik shishtachar rakhanyasathi aavashyak asalelya khajgi aanee sarvajanik jagamadhil kathor farak samavisht aahe.
kapade.
sahara valvantachya dakshinekadil khandachya itar bhaganchya ulat, paschim aafriket shatkanushatke hemming aanee bharatkam kapadyanchya sankalpana paramparikpane samanya aahet, jyaa vividh breach, shirt, angarkhe aanee jacketchya nirmitidvare darshavilya gelya aahet. parinami, yaa pradeshatil vividh rashtrantil lock antarnihit samanatesah vividh prakarche kapade ghalatat. paschim aafrikechya aupcharik poshakhachya vishisht tukadyanmadhye gudghyapasun konaparyantcha, vahanara baubau poshakh, dashiki aanee senegali kaftan (jyala "agbada" aanee "babariga" asehi mhanatat) yancha samavesh hoto, jyache mool 12 vya shatkatil vividh paschim africi samrajyanchya kulinanchya kapadyanmadhye aahe. paramparik ardh-hatache, nitamb-lamb, vinalele dhabbe kinwa angarkhe (gurunsimadhye "phugu", hausamadhye "riga" mhanoon olakhale jaatat)-eka jodee baggy paygholivar paridhan kelele-heey aanakhi eka lokpriy vastra aahe. dakshin hastidant kinanyapasun beninparyantchya kinarpattichya pradeshat, eka hatakhali eka vishal aayatakruti kapad gundallele asate, khandyavar gundallele asate aanee paridhankartyachya eka hatat dharale jaate-yogayogane, romananchya toganchi aathvan karoon denare. yaa togasarkhya kapadyanpaiki sarvat prasiddha mhanje kente (ghaana aanee hastidant kinanyavaril akan lokanni banavalele), jeey teey rashtriy abhimanache sanket mhanoon ghalatat.
pakakala.
paschim aafriketil deshanna bhet denanya paradeshi paryatakanchi sankhya (udaa.jee.vyapari, itihaskar, sthalantarit, vasahatvadi, dharmpracharak) yanna tyanchya nagarikanchya udaratecha fayda jhaala aahe aanee tyanchya khadyapadarthandware tyanchya sanskrutik varshacha eka bhag dekhil tyanchyakade rahila aahe. paschim aafriketil pakakrutincha pashchimatya sanskrativar shatkanushatke lakshaniy prabhav aahe; paschim aafriketil anek mool khadyapadarth sadhya caribeanmadhye (udaa.jee., west indies aanee haiti); austreliya; america (visheshtah louisiana, virginia, uttar aanee dakshin carolina); itali; aanee itar desh. yapaiki kahee pakakruti tyanchya swikarananchya sanvedansheelatenusar badalalya gelya asalya taree, tyaa eka vegale paschim africi saar rakhoon thevatat.
paschim aafriketil pakakrutinmadhye maase (visheshtah kinarpattichya bhagat), maans, bhajya aanee fale yancha samavesh aahe-jyapaiki bahutansh deshachya sthanik shetkyandvare pikavale jaatat. yaa bahurashtriy pradeshatil vividh sthanik pakakrutinmadhye spasht farak asoonahi, khadyapadarthanmadhye farkanpeksha adhik samanata disun yete. lahan farak vaparlelya ghatakanmadhye asoo shakato. bahutek annapadarth ukaloon kinwa taloon shijavale jaatat. samanyatah vaishishtyapurn asalelya, starchyukt bhajyanmadhye jambhool, kelya, kasava aanee god batate yancha samavesh hoto. bhaat heey dekhil eka mukhya ann aahe, tasech visheshtah senegal aanee gambiyamadhye, cerror lokansathi jwariche cooscoos (serarmadhye 'chereh' mhanatat) heey dekhil aahe. jolof tandul-moolatah jolof samrajyatil (aata aadhunik senegalacha bhag) parantu too gambiyachya volofmadhye pasarla aahe-anek pashchatya deshanmadhye dekhil tyacha anand ghetala jaato; malipasoon (bambara aanee mandinkadware)-shengdanyachya lonicha stew joou bhatasah deela jaato; nayajeriyatil aakar (talalele shengdanyache gole jeey chutney aanee breads masaledar asatat) haah gambian aanee senegali lokansathi eka aavadata nashta aahe, tasech brazil aanee caribeanmadhil eka aavadata side snack kinwa side dish aahe, jase paschim aafriket aahe. asey mhatale jaate qee tyache nemke mool nayajeriyatil eurobalandmadhye asoo shakate. phuphu (twai bhashetoon, masaledar stew kinwa sosses serve kelele peeth udaharanarth bhopala stew ii.) ghanachya sampoorn pradeshamadhye aanee tyapalikade madhya aafriketahi tyanchya swatachya aavrutyansah anand lutala jaato. taguela, aghajira ityadi khadyapadarth. teey tuareg lokanmadhye lokpriy aahet.
manoranjan aanee creeda.
dakshin aafrikechya anek bhaganmadhye patavaril khel oware khoop lokpriy aahe. ovare' haah shabd ghanachya akan lokanpasoon aala aahe. tathapi, jawaljawal serve african lokankade yaa patavaril khelachi eka aavrutti aahe. paschim aafriketil pramukh bahu-creeda spardha mhanje ikovas khel jeey 2012 chya ikovas khelanmadhye suru jhaale.
football haah eka manoranjan dekhil aahe, jyacha anekjan ektar pahatat kinwa khelatat. paschim aafrikeche pramukh rashtriy sangh, ghaana rashtriy football sangh, hastidant kinarpatti rashtriy football sangh aanee nigeria rashtriy football sangh niyamitpane africa cup auph nations jinktat. paschim aafriketil pramukh football sangh mhanje ghaana premiere leagueche asante kotoko esasi aanee akr harts auph oka esasi, nigerian premiere leagueche enyimba international aanee ligg 1 (hastidant kinarpatti) chey esek mimosa. paschim aafrikechi football niyamak sanstha paschim african football union (vaphu) aahe aanee pramukh spardha paschim african club championship aanee vaphu nations cup aahe, tasech varshatil paschim african footballercha varshik vaiyaktik puraskar aahe.
sangeet.
mbalax, highlife, fuji, afrobeat aanee afrobates yaa paschim africa aanee tethil diasporachya aadhunik sangeet shaili aahet.
paramparik loksangitahi changlya prakare jatan kele jaate. loksangeetche kahee prakar dharmik swarupache asatat, jase qee cerror dharmat vaparali jaanari "tasou" parampara.
griot kalakar.
griot kalakar aanee stutee-gayan hii paschim africi sanskratichya maukhik itihasashi sambandhit eka mahattvachi sangeet parampara aahe. paramparikpane, greotsdware pidhyanpidhya vyakt keela jaanara sangeet aanee maukhik itihas haah mande, volof, songhe, cerror aanee kahee pramanat sudur pashchimekadil phula bhagat paschim africi sanskraticha vaishishtyapurn aahe. samajachya kinari bhag vyapaleli eka aanuvanshik jaat, sthanik shasak aanee vyaktincha itihas lakshat thevanyacha aarop greotswar thevanyat aala aanee jaatiche aanakhi sangeet-vajavanare greots (bardsarkhe) aanee sangeet-naan khelanare greotsmadhye vibhajan karnyat aale. stutee-gayakanpramanech, griotcha mukhya vyavasay sangeet sampadan aanee parakram hota aanee snrakshak heey aarthik pathimbyache ekmev sadhan hote. aadhunik griotsna maalee, senegal, mauritania aanee giinii yasarkhya thikani shrimant vyaktinchya aashrayat uchch darja aahe aanee kahee pramanat yaa deshantil sangitkaranchi bahusankhya sankhya aahe. aadhunik lokpriy griot kalakaranchya udaharananmadhye yusu aine 'daur, mamadu diabet, soona jobareteh aanee tumani diabet yancha samavesh hoto.
paschim aafrikechya itar bhaganmadhye, pramukhyane burkina faso, uttar ghaana, nigeria aanee niger yaa bhaganna samavoon ghenanya hausa, mossi, dagomba aanee yoroba yaa bhaganmadhye, vanshparamparagat nasalele stutee-gayak, gayak, bard aanee kavee yancha paramparik vyavasay tyanchya vishesh aashrayadvare paramparik shasakanche samarthya, vansh aanee pratishtha yanche sarvajanik pradarshan vadhavanyat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavato. griot paramparepramanech, stutee gayakanna vishisht aitihasik ghatana aanee shahee vanshache tapasheel jaanun ghenyachi jababdari dilee jaate, parantu tyahoon mahattvache mhanje kavayitri sudharana aanee sarjansheelata karnyas saksham asane aavashyak aahe, jyat paramparik ganyanche dnyan sanrakshakachi aarthik aanee rajkiy kinwa dharmik shakti darshavinyachya dishene nirdeshit kele gele aahe. stutee-gayan samooh aanee kalakar yanchyatil spardha khoop jaast aahe aanee konatyahi asadharan kushal gadya, sangeet rachana aanee panegiric ganyansathi jababdar asalelya kalakaranna sahasa rajkarani, shasak, islami maulavi aanee vyapari asalelya aashraydatyandvare paise, kapade, tartudi aanee itar aisharamadhun mothya pramanat bakshis dile jaate; heey yashasvi stutee-gayak rashtriy stardamparyant pohochatat. udaharananmadhye mamman shaata, saule konko, faatee niger, sadou boorii aanee daan maraiah yancha samavesh hoto. nayajarchya babatit, sthanik shasak, islami maulavi aanee rajkarnyanchya stutisathi asankhya stutee ganee sangitbaddha kelee jaatat aanee durchitravanivar dakhavali jaatat.
chitrapat udyog.
nigeriacha nollywood haah paschim aafriketil mukhya chitrapat udyog aahe. varshik chitrapat nirmitichya sankhyechya babatit nigerian chitrapat udyog haah hollywoodmadheel american chitrapat udhyogapeksha pudhe dusra sarvat motha chitrapat udyog aahe. senegal aanee ghanamadhyehi chitrapat nirmitichi pradirgh parampara aahe. senegalache chitrapat digdarshak, nirmata aanee lekhak divangat osman semben heey yaa bhagatil aahet, tasech ghanian sherley frimpong-mansu dekhil aahe.
dharm.
islam.
islam haah paschim aafrikechya aateel aanee khandachya sudur paschim kinarpatticha (paschim aafrikechya 60 takke) pramukh dharm aahe aanee 9vya shatkat vyapanyanni yaa pradeshat tyachi olakh karoon dilee. loksankhyenusar islam haah yaa pradeshatil sarvat mothya vanshik gatancha dharm aahe. upajeevika, moolye, poshakh aanee prathanvaril islami niyamancha tyanchya pramukh bhagatil loksankhya aanee sanskratinvar itka khol parinam jhaala qee aadivasivadachi sankalpana mande, volof, hausa, phula, songhai, zarma kinwa soninke yasarkhya islami gatanni bigger-islami gatanpeksha qamee palali aahe. vanshik aantarvivah aanee samayik sanskrutik pratima, ummah mhanoon olakhalya jaananya vishvas kinwa samudayachya samanatechya aadhare sthapit kelya jaatat. paramparik muslim kshetranmadhye senegal, gambia, maalee, mauritania, giinii, niger; varcha kinara aanee siera leone aanee antardeshiy liberiacha done trutiyansh antardeshiy bhag; burkina fasocha paschim, uttar aanee sudur purv pradesh; aanee nigeria, benin, togo, ghaana aanee hastidant kinarpatti yaa kinarpattivaril rashtranche uttar ardhbhag yancha samavesh hoto.
african paramparik.
paramparik african dharm (anek bhinn shraddha pranalinchi nond) yaa pradeshatil loksankhyetil sarvat junya shraddha pranali aahet aanee tyat akan dharm, yoroba dharm, odinani-igo aanee cerror dharm yancha samavesh aahe. teey aadhyatmik panth aahet jeey lokanchya aitihasik aanee sanskrutik varshache jatan karane yasarkhi itar karye dekhil karatat aanee "paschim aafriketil aadivasi gut" samajik aanee dharmik vidhee asha prakare ekatra karatat qee tyanchyat sahasa farsa farak nasato. jaree paramparik shraddha eka thikanahun dusya thikani badalat asalya taree farkanpeksha adhik samanata aahet.
bahutek paramparik dharmik sanghatananmadhye purohitancha aupcharik kramkram nasato."samoohik vidhinche nirikshan sahasa aadivasi vadildhadhyandvare kele jaate, jeey" anek sanskratinmadhye "," mukhya dharmik vyakti mhanoon kaam karatat aanee vidhinchi vel, swaroop aanee guntagunt tharavatat ", kinwa shammon pujari jeey jaaducha vapar karoon barey karoo shakatat, nasheeb niyantrit karoo shakatat aanee aatmik jagashi jodale jaau shakatat.
khrishchan dharm.
2010 madhye, paschim aafriketil sumare 36.5% lokanchi olakh khrishchan mhanoon jhaali. 19vya shatkachya uttaradhapasun, jevha european deshantil dharmpracharkanni haah dharm yaa pradeshat aanala, tevha khrishchan dharmachi mothya pramanat olakh jhaali. paschim aafriketil khrishchan heey pramukhyane roman catholic kinwa anglican aahet; kahee evangelical church dekhil sthapan karnyat aalya aahet. nigeriacha madhya aanee dakshin bhag, dakshin hastidant kinarpatti aanee dakshin ghaana teey siera leonchya kinarpattichya bhaganparyant pasarlelya kinarpattichya pradeshanmadhye khrishchan dharm haah pramukh dharm banala aahe. islampramanech, paramparik african dharmache ghatak khrishchan dharmat misalale aahet.
loksankhyashastra aanee bhasha.
paschim aafriketil lock pramukhyane niger-kongo bhasha bolatat, jyaa mukhytah tyanchya bantu nasalelya shakhanshi sambandhit nasali taree, jaree kahee nilo-sahara aanee afro-ashiyai bhashik gut paschim aafriket dekhil aadhaltat. niger-kango bhashik yoroba, igbo, phulani, akan aanee volof heey vanshik gut sarvat mothe aanee sarvat prabhavshali aahet. nigeriamadhye aanee anshatah cameroonmadhye aadhalanare tii. vhee. lock dekhil sarvat mothya lokanpaiki aahet. madhya saharamadhye mandinka kinwa mandey gut sarvat mahattvache aahet. hausasah chaadi bhashik gut, saharachya jawalchya pradeshachya uttarekadil bhagat aadhaltat aanee songhai, kanuri aanee zarma yasarkhe nilo-sahara samuday madhya aafrikechya simevar paschim aafrikechya purv bhagat aadhaltat. paschim aafrikechi loksankhya andaje daha laakh itaki aahe. maalee, niger aanee burkina phasomadhye bhatkya tuareg lock tuareg bhasha bolatat, jee eka burber bhasha aahe.
vasahati bhasha dekhil eka mahattvapoorn sanskrutik aanee rajkiy bhoomika bajavtat, jyaa yaa pradeshatil bahutek deshanchya adhikrut bhasha mhanoon swikarlya jaat aahet, tasech yaa pradeshatil vividh vanshik gatanmadhil sanvadat 'lingway franca' mhanoon swikarlya jaat aahet. aitihasik karananmule, french, ingraji aanee portugij yasarkhya paschim europeey bhasha dakshin aanee kinarpattichya uppradeshanmadhye pramukhyane aahet, tarr arabi (tyachya magharebi prakaranmadhye) antardeshiy uttarekade pasaratat.
vastukala.
"aafrikechya vastukalechya vibhaganmadhye adhik mahitih"
vidnyan aanee tantradnyan.
"aafriketil vidnyan aanee tantradnyanachya itihasachya vibhaganmadhye adhik mahitih"
aarthik aanee pradeshik sanstha.
paschim african vittiy sangh.
paschim aafrikeche aarthik sangh (kinwa frenchmadhil tyachya navavarun 'union economic ett monetire ovest-africane') heey see. eff. aii. frankla tyanche samanya chalan mhanoon vaparnare aath, mukhytah francophone deshanpurte maryadit aahe. maalee, niger aanee burkina fasoche liptaco-gaurma pradhikaran tinhi deshanchya sanlagn bhagancha sanyuktapane vikas karnyacha prayatna karate.
mahilanchi shantata chalval.
2000 saalee sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishadecha tharav 1325 manjur jhalyapasun, yuddhagrast aafrikechya punarbandhanimadhye mahila guntalelya aahet. liberiachya mahilanni shantatesathi kelelya samoohik krutipasoon aanee shantata bandhani jaalyatil mahilanpasoon (wipenet) suruvat karoon, shantata chalval paschim aafriketil mahilancha samavesh karnyasathi vadhali aahe.
8 meey 2006 roji sthapan jhaleli mahila shantata aanee suraksha jaale-africa (vipsen-africa) hii ghaana yetheel mahila-kendrit, mahilanchya netrutvakhalil panne-african bigger-sarkari sanstha aahe. hii sanstha aafriketil rajkiy aanee shantata prashasanat bhoomika bajavanyasathi mahilanna saksham karnyavar laksh kendrit karate. ghaana, nigeria, hastidant kinarpatti, liberia aanee siera leone yethe tyachi upasthiti aahe. ahinsak pratikaranchya pradeshik netyanmadhye lema gbovi, comfort freeman aanee aaya virgini tourey yancha samavesh hoto.
"prathna qaraa saitan narkat parat yaa' haah yaa shantata chalvalicha ugam sanganara mahitipat aahe. haah chitrapat sudan aanee zimbabvesarkhya sangharshanantarchya kshetranmadhye samarthan sadhan mhanoon vaparla gela aahe, jyamule african mahilanna shantata aanee surakshesathi yachika karnyasathi sanghatit kele gele aahe.