
lahan kasav

little turtle () (1747-14 julai 1812) haah miyami lokancha sagmore (pramukh) hota, joou sarvat prasiddha mool american lashkari netyanpaiki eka banala. itihaskar viilii sward tyala "vayavya pradeshatil kadachit sarvat saksham bharatiy neta" mhanato, jaree nantar tyane jameen sodanyachya anek kararanvar swakshya kelya, jyamule tyala 1812 chya yuddhachi purvatayari jhalelya ladhayanmadhye tyacha netyacha darja gamvava lagla. 1790 chya dashakat, mishkinahkwa yanni sthanik yoddhyanchya eka sanghataneche netrutva karoon yu. ess. viruddha anek mothe vijay midavale.ess. vayavya bharatiy yuddhanmadhil sainya, jyala kadhikadhi 'lahan kasavache yuddh' mhatale jaate, visheshtah seent. 1791 madhye claircha parabhav jhaala, jyamadhye mahasanghane general arther sentcha parabhav keela. clair, jyane yu. ess. chya sarvat nirnayak parabhavamadhye 900 purush gamavale.ess. sthanik american sainyachya virodhat sainya.
naav.
litil turtle haah miyami-eleanoy bhashetil tyachya navachya dhvanyatmak aksharvinyas 'mihsihakinahakwa' chaa ingraji anuvad aahe. aitihasik nondinmadhil tyachya mool navamadhye mishikinkwa, meshekunnokwoh, michikinkoa, michikinika, mea-shhee-kiin-noow-kwa, meshekunnakwan aanee mishekanokwa yasah anek badalancha samavesh aahe. haah shabd terrapinchya eka prajatila, bahudha madhyabhoomivar rangavalelya kaswala naav deto. mool miyami-eleanoy bhashet yaa navavar konatahi laghuroop nahee.
prarambhik jeevan aanee sharirik varnan.
chhotya kasavachya bahutansh aayushyasathi farach qamee mahitipat purave aahet. tyachya janmache nemke varsh aanee thikan anishchit aahe, parantu samanyatah srot asey soochit karatat qee tyacha janm 1747 kinwa 1752 madhye jhaala hota, jyaa kalat tyache ivadil pikavilichya miyami gavat rahat hote. kahee itihaskar 1752 hii tyanchi sambhavya janmatarikh detat; tarr itar 1747 laa pradhanya detat.
chhotya kasavachya palakanchya achook navanvar byanch kalapasoon vaad suru aahe. itihaskar andreau ketanane tyache vadil mhanoon mishikinkwa (kasav) aanee aaee mhanoon eka adnyat mohikan nirvasit asey naav dile; tathapi, lahan kasavache charitrakar harvey carter yanni asey soochit kele qee lahan kasavache vadil sinkwenakwa hote.
chhotya kasavacha janm sadhyachya whitley county, indianamadhye, ektar devils lekchya kathavaril eka chhotya miyami gavat kinwa turtletown (sadhyache churubusko, indiana) mhanoon olakhalya jaananya jawalchya mothya gavat jhaala. 1780 paryant lahan kasav eel nadichya kathavaril kasavgruhat rahat hota.
lahan kasavache varnan sumare sahaa phoot unch asey kele gele aahe. tyane daruchya nashecha tiraskar keela aanee swatahla eka gambhir manus mhanoon sadar kele, parantu tyachya kananvar aanee kapadyanvar chandi ghalanyachi tyala aavad hotee.
karkird.
suruvatichi varshe.
chhotya kasavachi tyachya yuddhatil lashkari parakramachya pratyakshikadvare mayamiyaki (miyami lock) chya "atchakangouen" vibhagacha yuddhpramukh mhanoon nivad karnyat aalee. jaree too jamatichya pramukh vibhagacha yuddhpramukh asala, taree lahan kasav kadhihi miyamicha pramukh navhata, jeey eka aanuvanshik padd hote.
laa bamcha parabhav.
french lashkari sahsi augustein dii laa bamchya netrutvakhalil american deshbhaktanshi yutee kelelya french sainyachya virodhat karvai karat chhotya kaswala american krantikari yuddhadarmyan heey padd midale. winsense, indiana yethe chalis teey pannas sainikanche sainya aanee kaskaskia-kahokia margavaril ashach sankhyene sainya ubhe kelyanantar, aktoobar 1780 madhye laa bamne, detroitmadhil britishanvar hallah karnyachya mohimecha eka bhag mhanoon, kekionga (sadhyacha phorta wein) yetheel miyamitaun lutale. jevha laa baam chhotya kasavachya gavachya dakshines fakt teen mail antaravar eel nadichya kathavar tall thokanyasathi thambla, tevha chhotya kaswala hallyache netrutva karanyachi parvanagi midali. 5 november 1780 roji chhotya kaswane laa balmevar hallah keela, laa balme aanee tyachya chalis manasanna thaar marle aanee urvarit kaidi ghetale. hii ladhai purnapane parabhoot jhaali aanee chhotya kasavachya sainyala jawaljawal konatihi jivitahani jhaali nahee. anek french sainik jiwant asatana sharanagati patkarnyachi bheek magtana aikoo aale. anek french adhikanyanna jiwant pakadanyat aale, jyapaiki teen jananna davyavar jaalun taknyat aale, jyapaiki ekache haat aanee paay kapoon taknyapurvi tyachya chehnyavar tomhockne vaar karoon thaar maranyat aale aanee tyapaiki chaar jananna urvarit frenchanna ishara mhanoon sodoon denyat aale. kahee divasannantar jevha americananshi yutee kelelya french sainyane tyaa jaagecha shodh ghenyacha prayatna keela, tevha tyanna disale qee paykanvar tanglelya anek french sainikanchya dokyanni marg adavala hota. heey pahilyanantar teey mage valale. yaa ghatana aaj kolambiya shahar, whitley county, indiana yethe aanee tyachya aaspas ghadalya. yaa vijayamule moheem sampushtat aalee aanee yuddhpramukh mhanoon chhotya kasavachi pratishtha prasthapit jhaali. 1780 chya dashakat, chhotya kaswane kentakimadhil vasahatvadi american vasahatinvar chhape takane suru thewale aanee britishanchya bajoone ladha deela. matra, miyami bandney britishanna eksaman pathimba deela nahee. pianocashaw miyameene bandkhor americananna pathimba deela, tarr viae miyami british aanee american yanchyat ulthapalath karat hotee.
lahan kasavache yuddh.
american krantikari yuddh sampavnanya parisachya taha (1783) chya atinnusar, britishanni tyanchya mool mitranna sodoon dile aanee applecian parvat aanee mississippy nadee darmyanchi jameen yuu. ess. laa dilee.ess. sarkar. (vijay midvanyachya adhikarane americene haah pradesh aapala manla.) 1784 chya jameen adhyadeshadvare aanee 1787 chya vayavya adhyadeshadvare, yuu.ess. sarkarne 1787 madhye vayavya pradeshachi sthapana kelee.
yaa pradeshat rahana mool american lokanni atikraman karananya american vasahatinna virodh keela aanee yaa bhagat hinsachar vadhala. ohayo nadila bharatiy bhoomi aanee america yanchyatil seema mhanoon thevanyachya uddeshane sthanik jamatinni vayvyekadil sangharajya sthapan kele. chhota kasav haah mahasanghachya yuddh netyanpaiki eka mhanoon udayas aala, jyamadhye nilya jakitakhalil shonny aanee bakongahela antargat delawarechahi samavesh hota. tyanantar americaberoberche yuddh vayavya bharatiy yuddh mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale, jyala 'lahan kasavache yuddh' asehi mhanatat.
1790 chya uttaradhat general joshiya hamar yanchya netrutvakhalil federal sainyachya virodhat sthanik american lokanche netrutva karnyas chhotya kaswane madat kelee. yu. ess. yaa bhagatil sthanik jamatinshi seema yuddh sampavanyachya prayatnat.ess. sarkarne general harmarchya netrutvakhali american sainyachi moheem pathavali, parantu tyachya sainyat purese prashikshan navhate aanee tyanna qamee puravatha keela jaat hota. (american krantinantar americene bahutek vela aapale sainya barkhast kele hote, tyamule yuddhat pathvanyasathi tyachyakade thode vyavsayik sainik hote, haah kamkuvatpana lahan kasav aanee itar sthanik netyanni purnapane shoshala.) aktoobar 1790 madhye lahan kasav aanee nilya rangache jackett yanni harmarchya mansanvar done vijay midavale. yaa yashanni aanakhi pratikar karnyas protsahan dile. yavyatirikt, ottawa aanee vyandotmadhil purviche anichchhuk nete mahasanghat sameel jhaale.
august 1791 madhye, james wilkinsonchya netrutvakhali eel nadichya kathavaril miyami gavat jhalelya chhapyat pakadalya gelelya striya aanee mulanmadhye chhotya kasavachi mulgi hotee. september 1791 paryant, arther sentchya netrutvakhali 1,400 teey sumare 2,000 american sainikanche sainya. clair phorta washington (sadhyache cincinnati, ohayo) yethoon uttarekade jaat hota, aanee maumi-vabash portjechya dishene jaat hota.
seent. claircha parabhav.
lahan kaswala samanyatah yu. ess. laa parabhoot karananya sumare 1,000 yoddhyanchya yutee sainyache netrutva karnyache shrey dile jaate.ess. 4 november 1791 roji vabash nadichya ugamsthanajaval sainya. yu. yuddh rahile.ess. 623 federal sainik marle gele aanee aanakhi 258 jakhami houn, american bharatiyankadun sainyacha haah sarvat white parabhav hota. bharatiy mahasanghane andaje 100 manse gamavali. lahan kasav aanee nile jakit yaa doghannihi vijayat ektrit sthanik sainyachya ekoon aadeshacha dawa keela, jyamule mahasanghamadhye tanav nirman jhaala.
november 1792 madhye, augalize nadichya mukhajaval aadivasi netyanchya bhavya parishadechya nirnayanantar, chhotya kaswane 200 miyami aanee shanichya sainyache netrutva kele.ess. phorta jefferson aanee phorta sentchya chaukya. clair, 3 november roji phorta hamiltonla pohochala. yoddhyancha yu. ess. jawal hallah karnyacha hetu hota.ess. sentchya vardhapan dinanimitt vasahati. claircha parabhav. yoddhyanni done kaidyanna pakadale aanee tyanna kalale qee ghodyancha eka motha tafa jefferson killyasathi ravana jhaala aahe aanee kahee divasantach too tyaa bhagat parat yenar aahe. lahan kasav uttarekade sarkala aanee mejar johnn edayarchya netrutvakhali sumare 100 ghode aanee 100 kentki miliciacha tafa phorta sentchya baher tall thokalela aadhalala. spasht. adayarne tyachya santrijanna aathvan karoon dilyapramanech 4 november roji pahate lahan kasav aanee tyachya yoddhyanni hallah keela. lashkarane killyat pall kadhala, jyat sahaa thaar aanee chaar bepatta jhaale, tarr aanakhi paach jann jakhami jhaale. chhotya kasavachya sainyane done yoddhe gamavale, parantu adayarche tall aanee tyateel vastoo tabyat ghetalya. serve ghode marle gele, jakhami jhaale kinwa fekoon denyat aale; nantar keval 23 ghode parat midale. edirene hii ladhai lahan kasvasathi eka "vijay" manali; james wilkinson, tyaa velee yuu. chya kamandmadhye leftnunt curnell hote.ess. phorta washington yetheel sainyacha assa vishvas hota qee ghode gamavalyamule heey pragat kille akshamya jhaale.
1792 teey 1794 darmyan, general anthony venane bharatiy mahasanghachya virodhat vayavya pradeshat tisya mohimemadhye amerikechya sainyache netrutva kele. aanakhi eka parabhav talhanyasathi venane 3,500 yuu. laa kathor prashikshan dile.ess. sainya aanee kaljipurvak tyachya mohimeche niyojan kele. american sainyane juuna 1794 madhye andaje 1,000 yoddhyansah killyachya punarpraptivaril shodhak hallah yashasviritya mage ghetala. tyanantar, chhotya kaswane aaplya aadivasi lokanna ladhait parabhav bhognyaivaji vataghati aanee shantata rakhanyacha sallah deela, asey mhanat wein haah "kadhihi zopanara pramukh" hota."
jevha lahan kasav aadivasi mahasanghachya netyanna shantatesathi vataghati karnyasathi patvoon deu shakala nahee, tevha tyane aantar-aadivasi yuddhpramukh mhanoon payutar jhaale. chhotya kaswane nilya jakitchi kamaan sopavali asey mhatale jaate, jaree tyane miyamichya aadivasinchya swatachya gatache netrutva kayam thewale. chhotya kasavacha javai, william wells, eka pandhara manus joou kentakimadhye janmala aanee 1784 madhye tyala tabyat ghetalyanantar aath varshe miyamimadhye rahila, tyala dekhil bharatiy aaghadicha parabhav jaanavala aanee tyane aapali yutee americanskade valavali. wells yanni general venchya sainyasathi skaut mhanoon aanee nantar yuu. ess. sathee bharatiy agent mhanoon kaam kele.sarkar.
padalelya lakadanchi ladhai.
august 1794 madhye maumi nadijaval jhalelya mrut lakadanchya ladhait sumare 1,000 yoddhyanchya bharatiy mahasanghacha parabhav jhaala. yuddhanantar miyami lokanni kekionga sodoon deela aanee eel, mississineva aanee vabash nadyanchya kathavaril itar gavanmadhye sthalantarit jhaale.
bharatiy mahasanghachya padalelya lakadanchya parabhavanantar, tyanchya netyanni greenvilchya tahavar (1795) swakshya kelya, joou amerikechya vistarala virodh karnyacha eka nirnayak tappa hota. lahan kasav tyachya patnisah greenvilla gela aanee kararavar swakshari karnyapurvi tyane bhashan kele. tyanni aaplya lokanna "american marg swikaranyas" protsahit kele aanee tyanna aasha hotee qee haah karar american aanee mool american yanchyatil sambandh sudharu lagel. dusya divashi chhavanit tyachya patnicha mrutyu jhaala. tichya antyasanskarat aanee dafanvidhit american sainikanna palbier, american sangeet aanee teen tofa salamicha samavesh hota.
greenvilchya kararavar swakshari jhalyanantar jaree american lokanprati bharatiyancha pratikar qamee jhaala asala taree bharatiy hallyanni 1815 paryant simevaril vasahatinna dhoka nirman karane suru thewale. tyache urvarit ayushya, lahan kasav eka vachanbaddha shantata rakshak hota, jyamule kahinna tyala eka 'aavasvadi' manale gele, jyanna asey vatale qee jarr tyanchya lokanna sahan karanyachi aasha asel tarr tyanchya lokanna americananchya jivanshailishi julavun ghyave lagel.
nantarchi varshe.
1794 madhye padalelya lakadanchya ladhait pashchatya mahasanghacha parabhav jhalyanantar aanee 1795 madhye greenvilchya tahavar swakshari kelyanantar, chhotya kaswane shaanee pramukh tekamsehshi yutee karnyas nakar deela. chhotya kaswane sangharshanaivaji shantata aanee samayojanasathi vakili karane suru thewale. tyane swatachya jaminichya adhigrahanasah amerikechya sanskrutik savayinshi julavun ghenyas suruvat kelee, parantu daruchya sevanala virodh karnyas thaam rahila. chhotya kaswane teen yuu laa bhetanyasathi purvekade anek feiiah kelya.ess. rashtrapatinni nile jackett gheuun pravas karnyas nakar deela. tyane tyachya sahkaryachya badalyat varshiki deyake, itar bakshise aanee african american gulam sweekarle.
nilya jacketpeksha lahan kaswala americene adhik aadar deela. general james wilkinson yanni rashtradhyaksh george washington yanchyakade tyachi shifaras kelee aanee november 1796 madhye, lahan kasav rashtradhyaksh george washington yanna bhetala, jyanni tyanna eka aupcharik talwar bhetavali. yaa pravasat tyanchi bhet comte dii volnishihi jhaali. yaa dauyachya eka vruttat asey mhatale aahe qee, rashtrapatinna bhetanyasathi philadelphiya, pensylvaniala jaat asatana, lahan kasav general tedues kosiyuskola bhetala, jyane tyala 'tumhala parabhoot karnyasathi yenanya pahilya mansavar' vaparnyachya soochanansah julananya pistulanchi jodee bhet dilee."1797-98 madhye, purvekadil dusya dauyadarmyan, lahan kasav adhyaksh johnn addams yanna bhetala.
rashtradhyaksh thomas jefferson yannihi miyami samajat american shetichya parichayas protsahan denyasathi chhotya kasvanshi patravyavahar keela, jaree pandhya nadee bhagatil sthanik jamatinna shetichya paddhati darshavinare moravian missionary aanee marylandchya baltimore yetheel purv kinarpatti kwekar society, jyanni phillip dennis yanna aadarsh shetee sthapan karnyasathi phorta venmadhil jamatinsobat kaam karnyasathi pathavale. chhotya kaswane washingtonchya done feiiah dekhil kelya.see., 1801-02 aanee 1809-09 madhye adhyaksh jefferson yanna bhetanyasathi. lahan kasav aanee itar pramukhanchya vinantivarun, jefferson yanni jamatinna shetee swikaranyas protsahit karnyachya prayatnat miyami aanee potavatomy yanna shetichi upkarane aanee pashudhan puravale. heey prayatna asoonahi, itarambarobarach, ektrikaranache bahutek prayatna ayashasvi jhaale, jeey pudhe jameen hastantaran karar karnyachya aanee vayvyekadil pradeshatoon shevati pradeshatil mool american rahivashanna kadhoon taknyachya federal sarkarchya maganisathi eka yogdan denara ghatak hota.
aajivan madyapan karananya chhotya kaswane rashtradhyaksh jefferson yanna sthanik american samudayanmadhye daruchi vikri aanee sevan pratibandhit karanyachi vaiyaktik vinanti kelee. 14 janewari 1802 roji tyanni rashtradhyaksh thomas jefferson aanee american sinetchya sadasyanna bhashan dileh
baba, aata gola jhalelya sola aagichya mahan mandalane konatyahi vyaktila tyanchya laal bhavanmadhye aadhyatmik madya vikanyas manai kelyashivay fayda honyasathi kahihi kele jaau shakat nahee. yaa vishachya vaparavar aamchya chhavanit bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe, parantu aamchya shaharanmadhye nahee, jithe aamche anek shikari, yaa vishasathi, keval tyanchya phara ityadinchich navhe tarr tyanchi vilhewat lavtat.pann tyanche kambale aanee banduka dekhil, aanee niradhar asalelya tyanchya kutumbankade parat jaa...yaa pranghatak vishachya pradurbhavamule, aapali sankhya qamee jhaali aahe aanee aapan anandi aahot.
jefferson aanee congressche sadasya chhotya kasavachya yuktivadanni prabhavit jhaale aanee 30 march 1802 roji congressne sudharit bharatiy sambhog kayada manjur keela. heey aanee mool american lokanna daruchya vikrivar nirbandh ghalanare itar federal kayade 1953 paryant lagoo rahile.
1809 madhye, chhotya kaswala itar miyami netyanshi break lagla jevha indiana pradeshache governor william heinry harrison, kararachya atinvar punha vataghati karnyasathi phorta wein yethe aale. lahan kasav aanee tyacha javai, william wells yanchyasobat kaam kartana, harrison phorta vencha (1809) taha midvanyat yashasvi jhaala, jyane potavatomi pratinidhi aanee sahkarya karananya itar jamatinkadun sanghiy sarkarsathi jameen surakshit kelee. packen, jeane baptist richardville (packencha putanya), ghubad aanee metosina yanchyasah chhotya kaswala virodh karananya itar aadivasi netyanni yuu. laa aanakhi konatihi jameen denyas nakar deela.ess. sarkar. harrisonla mississineva pramukhanna lahan kasav navhe tarr miyamiche kharey pratinidhi mhanoon olakhane aanee lahan kasav miyami nahee asey ghoshit karane bhag padale. jaree phorta venchya tahavar swakshari karnaanyaanmadhye lahan kasav hota, taree nantar tyala 'miyamichya kamanmadhun jabardastine nivrutt karnyat aale."shaanee yuddhpramukh tekamseh aanee tyacha bhau, tenaskavatava (sandeshta) yanni yaa kararacha nishedh keela aanee yutee karnyababat britishanshi charcha suru kelee. 1811chya tipecanochya ladhait americene tyaa yutivar hallah keela, jyamadhye william velcha bhau amerikesathi ladhala, tarr lahan kasavacha aanakhi eka javai, pandhara lune, tekamsehchya sangharajyasathi ladhala.
chhota kasav indianachya phorta venchya ishanyes vees mail antaravar asalelya miyami gavat nivrutt jhaala. 1812 chya yuddhadarmyan phorta venchya vedhyanantar, general harrisonne phorta venchya done divasanchya morchachya aat miyamichi serve gave nasht karnyache aadesh dile, haah aadesh 1809 madheel vataghaticha pratikar mhanoon asava. harrisonchya sainyane lahan kasav rahat asalele gaav dekhil nasht kele, parantu lahan kasavache ghar, jeey yuu. ess. neey sodale.ess. sarkarne tyachya vaparasathi bandhkam kele hote. americene 1813 madhye thamschya ladhait british aanee tyanchya mool american mitranna parabhoot kele aanee mool american mahasanghachi satta nasht kelee. parinami, anek mool american lock paschimekade adhik door gele.
mrutyu aanee varsa.
kekiongapasun phaar door asalelya tyachya javai william velsachya gharee 14 julai 1812 roji lahan kasavacha mrutyu jhaala. lahan kasav kahee kalapasoon sandhivat aanee sandhivatane grast hota. phorta wein yethe purn lashkari sanmanasah lashkari shailitil antyasanskar karoon tyancha sanman karnyat aala. chhotya kaswala hergirichya sharyatijaval tyachya purvajanchya dafanbhoomit daphan karnyat aale. eka mahinyanantar killyachya yuddhat vihiri thaar jhalya.
1912 madhye chhotya kasavachi kabar chukun viskalit jhaali aanee phorta venmadhil lotton sthanavaril gharasathi talghar utkhananadarmyan kamgaranna dafanbhoomi sapadali tevha tyache avashesh vegale karnyat aale. jaree gharachya yojana badalalya gelya aanee chhotya kasavanche avashesh tyachya kabarimadhye thevalelya vastoo-jyat rashtradhyaksh washingtonchi talwar, kosiyuskochi pistul aanee itar kalakrutincha samavesh hota-punha ekatra kelya gelya aanee nantar tee gola karnanyanna vitarit karnyat aalya aanee nantar sarvajanik pradarshanasathi gola karnyat aalya. yaa vastoo allen county-phorta wein aitihasik sansthechya sangrahat thevanyat aalya hotya aanee akheris phorta wein old ciity holl imaratit pradarshit karnyat aalya hotya.
chhotya kasavacha varsa haah tyachya lokanche jeevan aanee bhavishya jatan karnyasathi prarambhik pratikar aanee sahkaryacha eka bhag hota.
sanman aanee aadaranjali.
dafanbhoomi.
1959 madhye phorta wein yetheel rahivasi merrie catherine smeltzly aanee tichi baheen eleanor smeltzly yanni chhotya kasavache daphan sthal tyachya shantata sthapanechya prayatnancha sanman karnyachya uddeshane vikat ghetale aanee hii malmatta shaharala sarvajanik udyan mhanoon daan kelee. yaa thikani ubharalelya granitechya dagadala jodaleli kansya fiti 1960 madhye samarpit karnyat aalee. 1994 madhye atirikt chinhakansah smarak sudharanyat aale aanee tyachya dekhbhalisathi eka vishvast sanstha sthapan karnyat aalee.
chhotya kasavachya kabarivar thevalelya eka chhotya smarak dagadavar asey lihile aaheh