
ramsey interferometry

ramsey interferometry, jyala separated ausilating fields methad asehi mhanatat, haah kann interferometrycha eka prakar aahe joou kananchya sankraman varanvarta mojanyasathi chumbakeey anunad ghatanecha vapar karato. heey 1949 madhye norman ramsene vikasit kele hote, jyanni tyanche margdarshak isidor isaq raabee yanchya kalpananvar aadhar ghetala, jyanni suruvatila kann sankraman varanvarta mojanyasathi eka tantra vikasit kele. ramsechi paddhat aaj anoo ghadyalanmadhye aanee 1960 chya dashakat vaparali jaate.aay. dusari vyakhya. aadhunik anoo interferometer aanee quantum logic gates yasarkhya bahutek achook anoo mojmapanmadhye ramsey-prakarchi rachana asate. ramsey-boarde interferometry mhanoon olakhali jaanari eka adhik aadhunik paddhat ramsey sanrachanecha vapar karate aanee tee french bhautikshastradnya khrishchan boarde yanni vikasit kelee hotee aanee teela ramsey-boarde interferometer mhanoon olakhale jaate. anoo-laharisathi vegvegalya bhoomitiche beam splitter tayar karnyasathi anoo punarkalpan vaparane hii boardechi mukhya kalpana hotee. ramsey-boarde interferometer visheshtah prati-prasarak parasparsanvad laharinchya done jodya vaparato aanee "photon-iko" navachi dusari paddhat parasparsanvad laharinchya done saha-prasarak jodya vaparte.
parichay.
done-stariy anoochya achook spectroscopy mukhya dhyey mhanje jaminivaril sthitee aanee anoochya uttejit sthitee darmyan shoshan varanvarta sootra _ 1 mojane. heey mojmap purn karnyacha eka marg mhanje frequency formula _ 2 varr bahya dolan karnare vidyutchumbakiy kshetra lagoo karane aanee nantar formula _ 2 aanee formula _ 1 formula _ 6 madheel farak formula _ 3 (detuning mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate) shodhane. jevha sootra _ 7, jevha vahan chalavanyache kshetra anoochya sankraman varanvartesaha anunadavar asate tevha hii sambhavyata jastit jaast kelee jaau shakate. detuning sootra _ 8 chey karya mhanoon sankramanachi hii sambhavyata pahata, sootra _ 7 chya sabhovatalache shikhar jitke arund asel titke adhik achookata asel. jarr sootra _ 7 baddal shikhar khoop vyapak asel tarr sootra _ 3 chya anek mulyanmadhye samaan sambhavyatechya jawal asalyamule sootra _ 7 kuthe aahe heey tantotant vegale karane katheen hoil.
bhautik tattve.
rabbi paddhat.
raabee paddhatichi eka sopee aavrutti anooncha eka kiran asate, jyache serve samaan gatee sootra _ 13 aanee samaan disha asate, jeey lambi sootra _ 14 chya eka parasparkriya kshetratun pathavale jaate. anoo heey sootra _ 15 chya sankraman urjesah done-stariy anoo asatat (heey kshetra sootra _ 16 laa uttejana dishene sootra _ 17 madhye lagoo karoon paribhashit kele jaate aanee asha prakare sootra _ 18, larmer frequency), aanee paraspar kriya kshetrat sootra _ 19 chya parasparsanvad velesah. parasparsanvad kshetrat, sootra _ 20 asey label kelele eka ekvarniy dolan chumbakeey kshetra uttejanachya dishene lambpane lagoo kele jaate aanee yamule sootra _ 21 chya varanvartemadhye aanee darmyan raabee dolan hoil.
firatya chaukatitil hamiltonian (firana laharichya andajasah) aaheh
hya hamiltonianmadhun sankramanachi sambhavyata aadhalu shakate aanee aahe
jevha sootra _ 24. yaa sutratil reshechya rundiche sootra _ 25 viruddha _ 26 asel tevha hii sambhavyata tyachya kamal asel. sootra _ 27 mojamapachi achookata nirdharit karate. kaaran sootra _ 28, sootra _ 29 kinwa sootra _ 14 vadhavun aanee tyanusar sootra _ 31 qamee karoon jenekarun tyanche utpadan sootra _ 32 asel, mojamapachi achookata vadhate; i.eae. aalekhatil shikhar adhik arund hote.
tathapi, pratyakshat, veganche vitaran asalelya anunsarkhya asamarupatemule kinwa eka asamaroop sootra _ 33 asalyamule reshecha aakar rund hoil aanee achookata qamee hoil. veganche vitaran asane mhanje parasparsanvadachya veleche vitaran asane aanee mhanunach asey anek coone asateel jyadvare avastha vahak blotch golavar ulatatil. rabbichya rachnet eka ishtatam lambi asel jee sarvat jaast achookata deil, parantu lambiche sootra _ 14 "edd infinitum" vadhavane aanee achook, sadhya rabbi modelpramane satat vadhana achukatechi apeksha karane shakya honar nahee.
ramsey paddhat.
ramsene eka parasparsanvad kshetrache done atishay lahan parasparsanvad kshetranmadhye vibhajan karoon rabbichya paddhatimadhye sudharana kelee, pratyekane sootra _ 35 puls lagoo kele. done parasparsanvad kshetre khoop lamb gair-parasparsanvad kshetradvare vegali kelee jaatat. done parasparsanvad kshetra khoop lahan karoon, anoo bahya vidyutchumbakiy kshetranchya upasthitit rubby modelchya tulanet khoopach qamee vel ghalavatat. heey fayadeshir aahe kaaran anoo parasparsanvad kshetrat jitke jaast kaal asatat, titke adhik asamarupata (jase qee eka asamaroop kshetra) sootra _ 3 nirdharit karnyat qamee achookates karanibhoot tharatat. ramsechya modelmadhil gair-parasparsanvad kshetra heey rabichya paddhatitil eka parasparsanvad kshetrapeksha barech lamb kele jaau shakate kaaran gair-parasparsanvad kshetrat konatehi lumb kshetra sootra _ 37 lagoo kele jaat nahee (jaree ajunahi aahe 
ramsey paddhatitil prathamik sudharana ashee aahe qee mukhya shikhar anunad varanvarta pokalimadhil parasparsanvad nasalelya pradeshatil varanvartevar (aanee asamarupata) sarasari darshavate, tarr rabbi paddhatisah parasparsanvad pradeshatil asamarupata resha-vistaras karanibhoot tharate. microwave kinwa optical sankramanansathi ramsey paddhaticha eka atirikt fayda mhanje gair-parasparkriya kshetra haah rabbi paddhatishi parasparsanvad kshetrapeksha khoop lamb keela jaau shakato, parinami sankuchit reshapravah hotat.
done parasparsanvad kshetransathi firana chaukatitil hamiltonian haah rabbi paddhatisathi samaan aahe aanee gair-parasparsanvad kshetrat hamiltonian haah keval sootra _ 38 sandnya aahe. pratham jaminivaril avasthetil anoonvar eka sootra _ 35 puls lagoo kele jaate, jyavar anoo parasparsanvad nasalelya kshetraparyant pohochatat aanee vel sootra _ 40 sathee zed-akshabaddal firatat. dusare sootra _ 35 puls lagoo kele jaate aanee sambhavyata mojali jaate-vyavharikdrushtya haah prayog anek vela keela jaane aavashyak aahe, kaaran konatehi moolya mojanyachi sambhavyata nirdharit karnyasathi eka mojmap purese nasel. (khalee blotch golakache varnan pahaa). hii utkranti eka vegachya anoonvar lagoo karoon, naun-interaction zonmadhye uddan sootra _ 40 chey karya aanee vel mhanoon uttejit sthiteet anoo shodhanyachi sambhavyata aahe (yethe sootra _ 43 ghet aahe)
heey sambhavyata karya suprasiddha ramsey fringeche varnan karate.
jarr veganche vitaran asel aanee parasparsanvad kshetranmadhye 'haard puls' sootra _ 45 lagoo kele gele asel jenekarun anoonchya serve firanyala blotch golavar sootra _ 35 firavale jaeel, mug teey serve agadi samaan anunad varanvartesathi utsahi hote qee nahee yachee parva naan karata, ramsey frinz varr charcha kelelya sarkhyach disatil. jarr kadak naadee lagoo kelee gelee nahee, tarr parasparsanvadachya veleteel farak vicharat ghene aavashyak aahe. eka vegachya anunsathichya rabbi paddhatichya sambhavyatechya aakaratil lifafyatil ramsey fringeche kaay parinam hotat. yaa prakaranat kinari reshechya rundiche sootra _ 25 heey nemkepana tharavate jyadvare sootra _ 3 nishchit kele jaau shakate aanee
parasparsanvad nasalelya kshetrat, sootra 40 madhye uddan karanyachi vel vadhavun kinwa parasparsanvad nasalelya kshetrachya lambichya sootra 14 madhye samkaksh vaadh karoon, reshechi rundi itar paddhatinchya tulanet 10 kinwa tyahoon adhik ghatakane lakshaniyaritya sudharali jaau shakate.
kaaran ramseche model dirgh nirikshan velesathi parvanagi dete, konihi adhik achookpane sootra _ 1 nirdharit karoo shakate. heey vel-urja anishchitata tattvache vidhan aaheh vel kshetrat anishchitata jitaki mothee asel, urja kshetrat anishchitata titakich lahan asel kinwa samkaksh varanvarta kshetra. dusya margane vichar qaraa, jarr jawaljawal agadi samaan varanvartechya done laata ekmekanvar ladalya gelya, tarr jarr aaplya dolhyanche resolution done latanmadhil farkapeksha mothe asel tarr tyanna vegale karane ashakya hoil. dirgh kalavadhinantarach done latanmadhil farak donhimadhye farak karnyasathi puresa motha hoil.
suruvatichya ramsey interferometermadhye avkashat vegale kelele done parasparsanvad kshetra vaparale jaat hote, parantu joparyant spandane susangat aahet toparyant velet vegale kelele done spandane vaparane dekhil shakya aahe. vel-vibhakt dalichya babatit, daali darmyancha vel jitka jaast asel, titke mojmap adhik achook asel.
ramsey interferometerche anuprayog.
anoo ghadyale aanee dusarichi ess. aay. vyakhya.
anoo ghadyal heey moolbhootpane eka ausilator aahe jyache varanvarta sootra _ 2 heey done-stariy anoochya anoo sankramanashi julate, sootra _ 1. ausilator heey ramsey-boarde interferometerchya parasparsanvad nasalelya kshetratil samantar bahya vidyutchumbakiy kshetra aahe. uttejit avasthepasun jaminichya avastheparyant sankraman darr mojoon, ekhadi vyakti ausilatorla tune karoo shakate jenekarun kamal sankraman darr denari varanvarta shodhun sootra _ 55 tayar hoil. ekada ausilatorchi tune kelee qee, ausilatorchya ausilationchi sankhya electronic paddhatine mojali jaau shakate jenekarun vishisht veleche antar (udaa.jee. see. aay. sekand, jeey 9,192,631 aahe, caesium-133 chey 770 kalkhand 
sarge harocheche prayog.
serge haroche yanna 2012 saalee bhautikshastratil nobel paritoshik midale (david jeey. winland) heey cavity quantum electrodynamics (kyu. eae. dii.) samavisht asalelya kamasathi aahe, jyamadhye sanshodhan gatane vidyutchumbakiy kshetranchya quantum varnanachi padtalani karnyasathi microwave-frequency photoncha vapar keela. tyanchya prayogansathi aavashyak asalele ramsey interferometer hote, jeey teey pokalitil quantum modashi parasparsanvad sadhun eka anupasoon dusya anoot quantum susangatateche hastantaran darshavinyasathi vaparat asat. hii rachana niyamit ramsey interferometersarkhich aahe, mukhya farak mhanje naun-interaction zonmadhye quantum pokali aahe aanee dusya interaction zonmadhye tyacha feeled tappa pahilya interaction zonchya sapeksh kahee sthirandvare halavala aahe.
jarr eka anoo tyachya ground steet formula _ 56 madhye setupmadhe pathavala gela aanee pahilya parasparsanvad kshetratun gela tarr sthitee ground aanee excited states formula _ 57 chee superposition hoil, jase qee niyamit ramsey interferometerchya babatit hote. tyanantar too quantum pokalitoon jaato, jyat suruvatila fakt eka nirvat asato aanee nantar sootra _ 56 kinwa sootra _ 59 mhanoon mojala jaato. sootra _ 56 madheel dusra anoo nantar pokalitoon aanee nantar fages-shifted dusya ramsey parasparsanvad kshetratun pathavala jaato. jarr pahila anoo sootra _ 56 madhye mojala gela, tarr dusra anoo sootra _ 59 madhye asanyachi sambhavyata pahilya aanee dusya anoonmadhye pathvanyachya velevar avalambun asate. yache moolbhut kaaran asey aahe qee jarr pahila anoo sootra _ 56 madhye mojala gela tarr pokalimadhye vidyutchumbakiy kshetrachi ekach paddhat aahe jee nantar dusya anoochya mojamapachya nikalavar parinam karel.
ramsey-boarde interferometer.
ramses anoo interferometerchya suruvatichya vyakhyanmadhye anoonchya gatiche shastriy varnan vaparale gele, parantu boardene eka arth lavane suru kele jyat anoonchya gatiche pariman varnan vaparale gele. katekorpane sangayache tarr, ramsey interferometer heey vastavik jaaget interferometer nahee kaaran antargat anoo jaaget anoochya chhadm-firkichya badalanmule frinz namune vikasit hotat. tathapi, ramsey interferometerla vastavik avkashatil interferometer mhanoon aanvik halchalincha mothya pramanat vichar karoon yuktivad keela jaau shakato-detuning sootra _ 3 dware anoonna dilelya momentum kikcha parinam mhanoon fringecha vichar keela jaau shakato.
chaar pravas-lahari parasparsanvad bhoomiti.
jyaa samasyela tond dyave lagate aanee itar. 1984 madhye sodavanyacha prayatna karat asatana anoonchya ramsechya kathanpaiki sarasari baher hotee, jyanchi sankraman varanvarta optical shreneet hotee. jevha asey hote, tevha pratham-kramankachya dopplerchya badalanmule varanvartemadhye parichay jhalelya prasaramule ramsechya kadaa nahisha jhalya. tyancha upay mhanje donaivaji chaar ramsey parasparsanvad kshetre asane, pratyek kshetramadhye pravasachi laat asate parantu tarihi sootra _ 65 puls lagoo karane. pahilya done laata ekach dishene pravas karatat aanee dusya done laata pahilya aanee dusyachyyaa viruddha dishene pravas karatat. anoonchya parasparsanvadamule pratham pahilya done kshetranshi aanee nantar dusya done kshetranshi honanya parasparsanvadamule done loksankhya nirman hotat. pahilya loksankhyemadhye anoo asatat jyanche doppler-prerit dii-facing radd jhaale aahe, parinami parichit ramsey frinz hotat. dusya anoomadhye asey anoo asatat jyanche doppler-prerit dii-faging duppat jhaale aahe aanee jyanche ramsey kinare purnapane nahise jhaale aahet (yala 'backward-stimulated photon iko' mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee serve veganvar samakalit kelyanantar tyacha sanket shunyavar jaato).
parasparsanvadachi bhoomiti, virodhi-prasar karananya laharinchya done jodya jyaa aanee itaranchya simevar asatat. sadar kelyane see. aii. aanee aay. 2 sarkhya optical shrenitil frequencichya spectroscopy sudharit resolution shakya hote.
interferometer.
tathapi, visheshtah, ramsey-boarde interferometer haah eka anoo interferometer aahe joou yaa chaar-pravas-lahari bhoomiticha aanee anoo punaravartanachya ghatanecha vapar karato. boardechya sanketanamadhye, ground steet aahe aanee uttejit steet aahe. jevha ekhada anoo chaar parasparsanvad kshetranpaiki konatyahi eka kshetrat pravesh karato, tevha anooche tarang karya done avasthanchya superpositionmadhye vibhagale jaate, jithe pratyek sthitiche varnan vishisht urja aanee vishisht gatidware kele jaateh, jethe α ektar "a" kinwa "b" aahe."quantum kramank" m "α haah prakash gatee kwanta sootra _ 66 chee sankhya aahe jee prarambhik gatipasoon badalali gelee aahe, jethe sootra _ 67 haah lesarcha tarangvahak aahe. shoshan/utsarjan prakriyedarmyan parasparsanvad kshetranmadhye lesar aanee anoo yanchyat urja aanee gatichi devanghevan jhalyamule heey superposition aahe. kaaran suruvatila eka anoo-laat asate, anoo teen kshetranmadhun gelyanantar too antim parasparsanvad kshetrat pohochanyapurvi aath vegvegalya avasthanchya superpositionmadhye asato.
anoo chauthya parasparsanvad kshetratun gelyanantar sankraman honyachi sambhavyata pahata, ekhadyala ramsey fringechya swarupat detuningwar avalambun rahane aadhalel, parantu done quantum yantrik marganmadhil farkamule. serve veganvar samakalit kelyanantar, keval done bund paripath quantum yantrik marg aahet jeey shoonyashi samakalit hott naheet aanee teey aahet aanee marg aanee marg, jeey done marg aahet jeey chauthya parasparsanvad kshetravaril aakrutichya chhedanbindunkade netat. yaa donpaiki konatyahi eka margane tayar jhalelya anoo-lahari interferometermule antargat aanee bahya asha donhi mapdandanvar avalambun asalelya tappyatil farak hoto, i.eae. heey parasparsanvadache kshetra konatya bhautik antaradvare vegale kele jaate aanee anoochya antargat sthitivar tasech bahya lagoo kshetranvar avalambun asate. paramparik arthane yaa interferometercha vichar karnyacha aanakhi eka marg mhanje pratyek margasathi done bhuja aahet, jyapaiki pratyek anoo avasthedvare darshavili jaate.
anoonna firavanyasathi kinwa gatee denyasathi bahya kshetra lagoo kelyas, interferometerchya pratyek bahumadhil prerit dii brogley tappyamule eka tappa badal hoil aanee heey ramsechya kathanmadhye badalat rupantarit hoil. dusya shabdant, bahya kshetra gatichya avasthanmadhye badal karel, jyamule frinz patternmadhye badal hoil, joou shodhala jaau shakato. udaharanarth, interferometermadhil anoo firavanyasathi bahya kshetrache khaleel hamiltonian lavah
heey hamiltonian sootra _ 69 madheel pahilya kramane vel utkranti prachalkankade netatah
jarr sootra _ 71 heey sootra _ 72 laa lumb asel, tarr eka dolanasathi goal fericha tappa ghatak sootra _ 73 dware deela jaato, jethe sootra _ 74 heey pahilya parasparsanvad kshetrapasun antim parasparsanvad kshetraparyantchya sampoorn upkaranachi lambi aahe. yamule ashee sambhavyata nirman hoil qee
jethe sootra _ 76 heey anoo done-stariy sankramanachi taranglambi aahe. hii sambhavyata sootra _ 1 pasoon ghatkadvare badal darshavate
pruthvichya prushthbhagavaril calcium anusathi, joou sootra 79 varr firto, sootra 80 vaparoon aanee sootra 81 sankraman pahata, kathavaril badal sootra 82 asel, joou eka mojata yenyajoga parinam aahe.
gurutvakarshanachya pravegamule ramsechya kathavaril badalasathi ashach prakarcha parinam mojala jaau shakato. parasparsanvad kshetrantil lesarchya disha ulatya jhalyas aanee ubhya lahari vaparlyas shift radd jhalyas, simevaril badal ulat dishene hotil.
ramsey-boarde interferometer bahya kshetranchya kinwa firanyachya upasthitit sudharit varanvarta mojamapasathi kshamata pradan karate.