
franceche krutadnyateche smarak

belgradechya veliki kalemegdon udyanatil francechya () krutadnyatechya smarakache aupcharik anavaran 11 november 1930 roji, pahilya mahayuddhachya samaptichya 12 vya vardhapan dinachya divashi, raja alekzandar aanee ranee maria, shahee sarkar, french sarkarche pratinidhimandal, serbian yuddhatil diggaj, pratishthit nagrik, sanghatana, shaala aanee lokanchi mothee gardi yanchya upasthitit karnyat aale.
eka rashtriy pradeshavaril pahilya sarvajanik smarakanpaiki eka mhanoon tyachi nond jhaali, jithe dusya (rashtra) chee dharana sakaratmak prakashat darshavili jaate. 1965 madhye teey sanskrutik smarak aanee 1983 madhye mothe mahatva asalele sanskrutik smarak mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale.
itihas.
mool.
serbian sainyachya mahakavyanantarchya nirnayak divasant, albaniamadhye tyachi dhokadayak maghar aanee salonika aaghadivaril shatru reshanche ullanghan karnyache jawaljawal akalpaneey parakram, donhi deshanmadhil lashkari yutee aanee maitri nirman jhaali hotee. yuddhanantar, serbian vicharvant french shalanchya majee vidyarthyanchya sanghatanebhovati jamale aanee francechya mitranchya societyne belgrade kinwa parismadhye, yuddhadarmyan aanee nantarchya kalat aanee sarvat mothya parikshanchya kalat bandhalelya maitribaddalachya tichya lashkari aanee shaikshanik madatibaddal krutadnyateche prateek mhanoon francechya smarakache bandhkam suru kele.
yuddhanantar, sarbiyache rajya asha prakare astitvat rahile nahee, navyane tayar jhalelya guntaguntichya rajyacha bhag banale, serb, crot aanee slovensche rajya, tyanantar yugoslavia aanee belgrade, tyachi rajdhani mhanoon, punarrachana aanee alankarancha kaal pahila. 17 december 1921 roji belgrade shahar parishadene 1915 madhye belgradeche rakshan kartana aapala jeev gamavalelya french sainikansathi krutadnyata aanee sanman smarak ubharanyacha nirnay ghetala. french shaleche majee vidyarthi aanee francechya mitranchya societyne meey 1924 madhye adhikrut pudhakar suru keela. 1924 chya unhalyat belgrade university school auph medicinechya sansthapakanpaiki eka asalelya niko miljanik yaa vaidyachya adhyakshatekhali smarak ubharanyasathi samitee sthapan karnyat aalee. alpavadhitach mothya pramanat nidhi ubharanyat samitee yashasvi jhaali.
thikan nivadane.
parismadhye smarak bandhanyachi mool yojana hotee mhanoon mothya pramanat paise gola karnyat aale. parician nagarpalika parishadekadun parvanagi magitali gelee hotee, jyane belgradesathi french rajdutachya madhyasthimule smarakachya ubharanichi parvanagi dilee. yuddhanantar, sarbiyache rajya astitvat navhate, navyane tayar jhalelya guntaguntichya rajyacha, serb, crot aanee slovensche rajya, aanee tyanantar yugoslaviacha bhag banale. tathapi, yugoslavia europechya yaa bhagat french rajkaranacha eka pramukh pratipadak banel yaa apekshene french mutsaddegirine heey smarak navyane sthapan jhalelya rajyat bandhanyas pradhanya dile. tyanantar dardla serbian bajula belgrademadhye smarak bandhanyasathi patvoon denyache aadesh denyat aale aanee teey yashasvi jhaale. aitihasikdrushtya, too eka kaal hota jevha french prabhav navyane sthapan jhalelya yugoslav rajyachya rajdhanit sanskrutik, aarthik aanee rajkiy jivanacha varchasva ghatak banala.
1928 madhye, belgradechya nagar parishadene smarkasathi, purvi sainyachya tabyat asalelya kalemegdanmadhye jaminicha eka bhag dilah "kalemegdon udyanachya sarvat sunder bhagat, jeey sarvat sunder european bhupradeshanpaiki eka aahe aanee jyachya parisarat franceche ghar lavkarach udayas yenar aahe" (1928-32 madhye bandhalele french dutavas). francene yaa havbhavala pratisad dett, muktidata raja pieter pahila aanee parismadhil ekikarankarta raja alekzandar pahila yanchi smarke, orleans aanee marcelsmadhil smarke aanee sarbiyacha raja pieter pahila yachya navavarun madhya parisachya marganpaiki ekache naav deuun yaa kruteela pratisad deela. heey upkram matra rajya sarkaranche navhate, tarr vividh khajgi sansthanni dekhil suru kele hote. belgrademadhil smarak samarpit jhalyanantar 6 varshanni serbian rajanchi smarke bandhanyat aalee.
nivadalele thikan heey purvichya karadorde smarakache sthan hote aanee alikadech teey saaf karnyat aale. 1913 madhye balkan yuddhanmadhil vijayanantar, yuddh mantralayane ubharalelya automan rajvativiruddhachya pahilya serbian punarutthanachya netyachya smarakachya purvichya jagevar, belgrade killyachya karadordechya praveshdvarajaval heey smarak ubharanyat aale hote, jeey karadordene niyamit serbian sainyachya nirmitichya 100 vya vardhapan dinanimitt bandhanyat aale hote. 1916 madhye, kabja kelelya austro-hungarian sainyane, tyachya jaagi franz josefchya kansya putalyachi bhavya pratima ubharanyasathi, dynamitene heey smarak udavale. belgradechya muktinantar, hii moorti eka saav barjvar sapadali, tee vitalali aanee serbian orthodox charchsathi ghanta vajavanyasathi punha vaparali gelee, jyapaiki sarvat motha calemegdonmadhil ruzika mhanoon lokpriy asalelya charchala daan karnyat aala. 1857 madhye suru karnyat aalele karadordeche smarak ubharanyacha upkram sarbiyatil sarvajanik smarakanchya nirmitishi sambandhit sarvat suruvatichya upkramanpaiki eka aahe. tyachya purvichya thikani ubharanyat aalelya mestrovicchya smarkane killyachya shaktishali pratikatmakatecha, yuddhbhumiche thikan mhanoon aanee done nadyanchya varr asalelya tyachya ullekhaneey sthanacha fayda ghetala, jyamule tyaa jaageche rashtriy aanee aitihasik mahatva, moolatah karadoradechya smarkasathi hote, tyakade durlaksh jhaale.
19 september 1930 roji nagarparishadet antim nirnayala dujora denyat aala.
smarak banavane.
parishadene prakalp nivadanyasathi eka vishesh aayog sthapan keela. aayogache adhyakshapad rajyatil agraganya shikshakanpaiki eka bogdan popovic yanchya adhyakshatekhali hote. popovic heey parisache majee vidyarthi mhanoon french sahityik samajache sansthapak dekhil hote. shilpkar ivan mestrovicchi nokri midvanyat too mahattvapoorn hota. tyaa velee, popovic haah dusarya mestrovicchya belgrade prakalpachya kattar bachavkartyanpaiki eka hota, jyane sarvajanikpane pobednik smarkala virodh keela.
mestrovicne anek mahine sankalpana aanee rekhachitranvar kaam kele. tyanni aart deco shailitil eka bhavya prakar nivadala, joou tyaa velee khoop lokpriy hotah prachand shareer asaleli eka stree aakruti, drudhpane baher padnari, drudhpane vistarit haat aanee abhimanane varr uchalalele doke. rajdoot dardney prarambhik aarakhadyala manjuri dilyane, mestrovicne zagreb yetheel kalatmak akadamimadhye kaam suru thewale, jithe too eka rector hota. tyanni pratham 3 julai teey 20 aktoobar 1930 yaa kalavadhit eka alabaster model tayar kele, tyanantar sadeteen lamb kansya smarakachi casting kelee. pracheen haravalelya menachi casting paddhat vaparali gelee. heey shilp 14 tukadyanmadhye taknyat aale hote jeey nantar 2 madhye tayar kele gele aanee belgrademadhye nele gele. teey kalemegdanavar 'inn seatoo' madhye jodalele hote.
castingchya velich, mestrovicchya sahakanyancha aanakhi eka gut vibhajit avasthet pithavar kaam karat hota. done payya asalela peeth brack sangamarvaripasun banavala gela hota. mestrovicche shishya frano chrysinic aanee antoon augustinsic yanni mestrovicchya pratikrutinvar done bajuche shilpe kelee. krinichane "sorbone" korivkam kele, tarr augustinsichne "yoddhe" banavale.
samarpan.
aktoobar 1930chya uttaradhat dagadi peeth aanee kansya shilpakaleche done bhag belgrademadhye aale. smarakachi mandani 8 divas chalali. 11 november 1930 hii pahili mahayuddha sampalyachi baravi varshaganth hotee. francemadhun done adhikrut pratinidhi eka divas aadhi railwayne aale. eka shishtamandalane salonika aaghaditil french sainikanche pratinidhitva kele tarr dusare adhikrut, sarkari shishtmandal hote, jyache netrutva mantri august champetier dii rebace karat hote.
11 november haah shantata deane sutty mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aala aanee belgrade french aanee yugoslavchya zendyanni sajavanyat aala. kalemegdanmadhye 20,000 lokanchi gardi jamali. raja alekzandar, ranee maria, rajkumar paul aanee rajkumari olga yanchyasah sarvoch adhikari serbian bajuche pratinidhitva karat hote. serbian sarkarche pratinidhitva mantri costa kumanudi yanni kele. jawalchya cathedral charchchya ghanta vajat hotya, jyamule haah prasang sajra hott hota. mestrovic anupasthit hota. tyane aajari asalyacha dawa keela, parantu aayojkanna soochit kele nahee. tyaeivaji tyane french rajdoot dardla soochit kele.
2018 madhye punarrachana.
smarkala jhalelya hanichi chinhe pahilyanda 1963 madhye sapadali. november 2017 madhye jaheer karnyat aale qee 2018 chya uttaradhat smarak punarujjivit kele jaeel. punarujjivanasathi serbia aanee france yaa donhi deshankadun nidhi deela jaanar hota, asey donhi sarkaranni 25 april 2017 roji kelelya kararanusar mhatale gele. ganjamule dhatuchya bandhkamache nuksan jhaale hote, tarr dagadi payathyache vatavaranatil panyamule slabchya sandhyanvaril crackmule nuksan jhaale hote. visheshtah dhokyat asalelya done bajuchya aarse ("sorbone" aanee "yoddhe") hote, tarr aakrutichya ujavya payavar eka mothee daree hotee jee 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila kansyavaril tapmanatil farkachya parinamamule vikasit jhaali. 2012 madhye haah prakalp purn jhaala asala taree nidhichya abhavamule kamas vilamb jhaala. pahilya mahayuddhachya samaptichya 100 vya vardhapan dinanimitt heey smarak punha ughadale jaanar hote.
april 2018 madhye shilpakala pithavarun kadhoon taknyat aalee aanee smarakache kahee bhag dusya thikani nenyaeivaji, tyaa thikani punarujjivan honyasathi smarakachya thikani tatpurati karya kholee bandhanyat aalee. shilpkar zoran kuzmanovich yanni nutanikaran karyakramache netrutva kele jyat smarakache ektrikaran, jirnoddhar aanee sanwardhan yancha samavesh hota. putala hatavanyachya velee, asey aadhalun aale qee mestrovicne putalyala surakshit thevanyasathi, pithamadhye 5 tunn concrete otale jyane kansya putalyacha khalcha bhag dekhil jhakala hota. yaa sanyogamule peeth fatale asey manale jaate. shilp mukt karnyasathi concrete varchya bajula todave lagale jenekarun teey kadhale jaau shakel. pithsthalachya bajunna asalelya talastambh, tasech 'aaa laa france mcmxx' aanee 'aamhi francever prem karato kaaran tee aamchyavar 1914-1918 prem karat hotee' heey shilalekh punha korave lagale, yaveli italihoon aayat kelelya dagadat. 10 august 2018 sathee mudat nishchit karnyat aalee hotee.
punarbandhanidarmyan anek shodh lavale gele. khalchya bhagat anek lamb tadey hote. konkreetne shilp anshatah bharale hote, tyamule teey tantotant khodoon ghyave lagale. heey smarak anek bhaganni tayar kelele asalyane jodya welding karoon banvilya gelya navhatya, tarr tyaeivaji tee revet karoon boltney bandhalya gelya hotya. vaparlelya kansyapatachi gunavatta kharab hotee. tyat 5 takkyanpeksha qamee jast asanyaivaji, tyat 13-24% hota, mhanje too bahudha tofanchya khobyanchya vitalanyane prapt jhaala asava. mool casting darmyan truticha parinam mhanoon, castvar, visheshtah mandichya vibhagavar, 50 hoon adhik chhidranche avashesh disatat, jeey moolatah kansya tukadyanni bharalele hote aanee nantar banavat sthiteet hote. smarakachya bahereel bajukadoon kalikh kadhanyasathi 2 mahine lagale. konkreetaivaji, punarnirmit smarkala, steelpasoon bandhalelya bandhkamane bandhale jaeel. mool sorbone aanee yoddhyanchi bases-releafs belgradechya sangrahalayat sathavali jaatil, tarr shilpkar goran shapajak yanni kelelya pratikruti tyaeivaji smarkavar thevalya jaatil.
10 augustparyant shilp tyachya mool thikani parat aale aanee septemberparyant pithajavalacha parisar tyachya mool 1930 chya rupat parat aala.
varnan.
smarakachi rachana jagprasiddha croatian shilpkar ivan mestrovic yanchyakade sopavanyat aalee hotee, jyane tyachya zagreb studiomadhye (mestrovichgallery) eka model tayar kele. haravalelya menachya tantracha vapar karoon lalit qalaa akadamichya qalaa foundrymadhye chauda tukadyanmadhye heey shilp taknyat aale hote. ubhya bhagalelya shilpakaleche done bhag tayar karnyasathi heey tukade jodale gele, tyanna belgrade karnyasathi nele gele aanee tyaa thikani ekatra jamvale gele. unchavaril hii smarak aakruti sarbiyachya madatisathi dhavana franceche pratinidhitva karate. mestrovicchya shilpakaletil eka mahattvachi sankalpana, rupkatmak stree aakrutichi abhivyakti chalval, urja, netrutva, dhairya aanee vishvas soochit karoon francechya rashtriy bhavnela jagrut aanee gaurav dete. mestrovicchya shilpakalechya abhivyaktiche vaishishtya asalelya smarakatvavar, brack 'sangamarvari' (kharey tarr, kalanusar pandhare honare rakhadi adriatic chunkhadi) chya thokalyanni banalelya saat meater unchichya payathyavar madhyavarti stree aakrutiche vishal swaroop basavoon bharr deela jaato. tyachya bhaumitik vastumanachi pyramid rachana madhyavarti drushyavar jore denyat haloohaloo vadhichi ly nishchit karate aanee french bagechya bhaumitik namunyat thevalele smarak aanee aajubajuchya jaminimadhil shailigat ekata sunishchit karate. udyanachya simepalikade aanee shaharachya mukhya rastyaparyant (ghoontan mihelova) pasarlelya mukhya gallichya agadi shevati asalyamule heey smarak eka mahattvapoorn drushya landmark banate.
tyachya samore ubharaniche varsh aanee samarpan 'aaa laa france' koralele aahe aanee magchya bajula 'aamhi francever prem karato jase tine aamchyavar prem kele 1914-1918' assa shilalekh aahe. pithsthalachya payathyachya bajunna prekshakanchya dolhyanchya patalivar qamee aaramat varnanatmak rachana asatat. yaa kamache nirikshan karnare shilpkar frano chrysinic aanee antoon augustinsic, tasech grega antunac, sime dusemic aanee orlandini yanni mestrovicchya rekhachitranantar koreev kamanchi amalbajavani kelee. aajubajuchya jaaget ghuskhori naan karata, koreev kaam kelele bhag achookatene basavalele, aanee sandhe egyptian smarakit aaramdayi bhavnene drishyaman thevun, koreev kaam kelele bhag pithbhagacha sendriya bhag banavtat. davya bajula yoddhe mhanoon olakhalya jaananya drushyatil aakrutyanchi punaravrutti honari rang, asiri dhanurdhari darshavina bases-releafchya namunyavar isocephalichya tattvache anusaran karate, hii eka rachana aahe jee releaf aanee lithographymadhye vistratpane varnan keleli aahe. heey salonica aaghadivar serbian aanee french sainikanni nirman kelele bandhan ughad karate. ulatpakshi, sorboneche adhik saumya pratirupan heey yuddhadarmyan aanee nantar serbian tarunanna denyat aalelya french shaikshanik madaticha sandarbh dete. yaa upashamanasathiche mool rekhachitra, jyamadhye francela serbian mulanna stanpan denari mahila (aata mestrovic gallerymadhye thewali gelee aahe) mhanoon chitrit kele aahe, zagrebmadhil french sansthechya sanchalakanchya soochanenusar badalanyat aale hote.
krantinantar aanee rajeshahicha padav jhalyanantar, french prajasattakvadachya vijayache rashtriy prateek asalelya marianchya stree aakrutila anek kalakrutinmadhye abhivyakti midalih tee eka neta mhanoon darshavili gelee aahe jee francois rudchya parismadhil vijayi kamanavaril svayamsevakanchya prasthanamadhye marcelise gaat aahe; yujen delacroxchya prasiddha chitrakala swatantryat lokanche netrutva karate; kinwa muse dii 'aursey yethoon domierchya abhyas prajasattakat tichya mulanna khayala denari mahan aaee mhanoon. vaishishtyapurn frigian bonuts eka nishchit mahila aakruti mhanoon francechi hii aanee tatsam rupkatmak chitre, mestrovicchya calemegdonmadhil smarakachya sankalpanesathi prasangikateche spasht aitihasik sandarbh aahet.
aupcharik shailikaranachi paddhat aanee halchalinchi shakti aakrutila pruthakkaran shailichya jawal aanate. tyachya jordar pudhe halchaliche tark, jeey nantarchya hellenistic shilpakalepasun shodhale jaau shakate, teey aakrutiche sampoorn vajan davya payavar thevane aanee prabal pratalanmadhye sthir santulan sthapit karnyavar aadharit aaheh varchya sharirachya valalelya vastumananmadhye, ujavya khandyala aanee ujavya payachya lamb ghatt kamanisah aanee drapery aanee davya hatachya sanchayi vastumanamadhye. mukhya vimananchi vyavastha aanee koreev kamanche bajuche sthan pahananyacha drushtikon smarakachya bajunna halavate. jaree bajucha pailu drushtiskat samruddha asala taree, madhyavarti aakrutichi pratishtha aanee mahatva yavar jore denyasathi mestrovicne (aadarsh) samoril drushtikon sthapit keela. nisargvadapasun door jaane aanee aadhunik prernechya ghatakanche badal heey vastranchya upcharanmadhye sarvat sahajpane nirikshanarh aahet, jeey eka vilakshan aakar dharan karate, jeey mageel bajukadoon pahatana, aakrutila jawaljawal aparichit banavate. davya hatache draperies sanlayan jawaljawal vayugatik swaroop tayar karate, dreparichya dumdyanchya aadvya reshemule halchalinchi shakti soochit hote jee aakruti jawaljawal havet uchalate. drapery foldscha vapar lekhakachya pankhanchya jagrutichi kalpana suchavato, jyamule vijay aadarsh, prasiddha lett hellenistic pankhancha nayaki auph samothresachya jawal yeto.
madhyavarti kansya aakruti unch, rund aanee 4 tunn vajanachi aahe. too payathyashi aahe. peeth swatah konkreetchya gabhanyavaril starit brack khadakanchya purn thokalyanpasun banalele aahe.
mahatva.
franceche krutadnyateche smarak heey pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya mestrovicchya kamache aahe, jyane tyachya sarvat mothya sankhyene smarak kaame tayar kelee, jyat tapshilasah qamee hott asaleli chinta aanee antarnihit kalpanevar bharr denyat aala. yaa smarkane aataparyantchya nehamichya vastavadi aanee varnanatmak sankalpaneaivaji abhivyaktichi suruvat kelee, jyamule sarvajanik smarakanchya vikasat yogdan midale.
tyachya sanskrutik aanee aitihasik mulyachya aadhare, 1965 madhye tyala sanskrutik smarak aanee 1983 madhye mothya mahatva asalele sanskrutik smarak mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale. glasnik aar. ess., "nahee. 28/83).
vaad.
1999.
march 1999 madhye, sarbiyavar natochya hallyat france sameel jhaala. parinami, tarun nagarikanchya eka gatane smarak kalya kapadyane jhakale aanee 'franceche shashvat vaibhav asoo shakel jeey aata astitvat nahee' asey lihile. 2010 paryant, kahee itihaskaranni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee 1930 chaa varsa nighun gela aahe aanee france aanee serbia yanchyatil mahan maitriche smaran karnyasathi keval smarke shillak aahet.
2018.
november 2018 madhye parismadhye pahilya mahayuddhachya shatabdi sohalyachya velee, baithakichya velapatrakamule sarbiyamadhye motha vaad nirman jhaala. bulgaria aanee austro-hangri yaa donhi yuddhatoon baher padnyat serbian sainyachi mahattvachi bhoomika asalyane, loksankhyechi sankhya aanee franceshee asalelya aitihasik maitrichya tulanet sarvat vyapak jivitahani, serbian adhyaksh elexander vusikala madhyavarti jaganpasoon door thevane aanee yuddhat virodhi bajula asalelya kinwa tyaa velee swatantra rajye mhanoon astitvat nasalelya rajyanchya pratinidhinna tethe thevane, haah sarbiyatil upman manla gela.
eka divasanantar, alikadech nutanikaran kelelya smarakachi todafod karnyat aalee, smarkavaril likhanavar kalya ex khuna favaranyat aalya. khalcha bhag plasticchya patrakanmadhye gundalalela hota, parantu lavkarach bhittichitra swachchh karnyat aale aanee plastic kadhoon taknyat aale. shaharatil samudayik polisanchya sadasyanni kahee divas parisarat gast ghatali. sarbiyatil french rajdoot fredrick mondoloni yanni baithakichya velapatrakabaddal sarvajanikaritya durchitravanivar maafee magitali, parantu france aanee parisachya navavarun rastyanche naav badalanyachya soochana dekhil sarvajanikpane aalya.