vishesh sapekshata hii aparivartaniy aahe

ganiteey bhautikshastrat, dii citter invarient special relativity hii eka anumanatmak kalpana aahe qee spacetimecha moolbhut samamiti gut haah anishchit orthogonal gut aahe, mhanoon (4,1), dii citter spacecha. samanya sapekshatechya manak siddhantanusar, dii citter space heey eka atyant samamiteey vishesh nirvat dravan aahe, jyala tikavoon thevanyasathi vaishvik sthirank kinwa sthir scalar kshetrachi taana-urja aavashyak asate.
bhautikshastrache niyam vishesh sapekshatechya poinker gatat moolbhootpane aparivartaniy nasavet, tarr tyaeivaji dii citter spacechya samamiti gatat asane aavashyak aahe. yaa gruhitkasah, rikamya jaaget aapoaap dii citter samamiti asate aanee jyala samanyatah samanya sapekshatemadhye cosmological sthirank mhatale jaeel too spacetimechya samamiti sanrachaneche varnan karnara eka moolbhut aayami mapdand banato.
1954 madhye luigi fantappine pahilyanda prastavit kelela haah siddhant 1968 madhye heinry backery aanee jeane-marqa levy-leblond yanni punha shodhalyaparyant aspasht rahila. 1972 madhye, freeman diasonne tyala eka kalpanik marg mhanoon lokpriy kele jyadvare ganitshastradnya samanya sapekshatechya sanrachanecha kahee bhag shodhanyapurvi andaj lavu shakale asate. vishvachya vegwan vistarachya shodhamule, duppat vishesh sapekshatesarkhya naveen bhautikshastrasathichya itar sattebajichya prastavanchya sanyogane, dii citter invarient siddhantanmadhil swarsyache punarujjivan jhaale aahe.
parichay.
dii citter yanni suchavale qee antaralkalin vakrata keval gurutvakarshanamule asoo shakat nahee parantu heey kase sadhya kele jaau shakate yabaddal tyanni konatehi ganiteey tapasheel dile naheet. 1968 madhye heinry backery aanee jeane-marqa levy-leblond yanni dakhavun dile qee dii citter gut haah isotropy, eksandhata aanee boost invarianceshy susangat asalela sarvat samanya gut hota. nantar, freeman diasonne samanya sapekshatechi ganiteey rachana adhik swayam-spasht karnyasathi eka drushtikon mhanoon yache samarthan kele.
minkowskichya vishesh sapekshatechya aat jaaga aanee veleche ekikaran neutonian yantrikichya galilean gatachi jaaga laurentz gatashi ghete. yala jaaga aanee veleche ekikaran mhanatat kaaran laurentz gut sopa aahe, tarr galilean gut haah paribhraman aanee galilean boostche ardh-thet utpadan aahe. yacha arth assa qee laurentz gut jaaga aanee vel asha prakare misalato qee tyanna vegale karata yenar nahee, tarr galilean gut velala jagepeksha mojamapachya vegvegalya ekkansah eka mapdand mhanoon pahato.
samanya firati gatashi teen parimananmadhye eka samaan gosht ghadu shakate. jarr tumhi jawaljawal sapat jagachi kalpana kelee, jyamadhye pancakesarkhe prani pankechya sapat jagaat firat asatat, tarr tyanchi unchiche paramparik ekak micrometer ("microne") asoo shakate, kaaran tyanchya jagaat asha uchch vaishishtyapurn rachana aahet, tarr tyanche antarache ekak meater asoo shakate, kaaran teey tyanchya sharirachi aadvi vyapti aahe. asey prani tyanchya jagachya moolbhut samamitiche varnan asey kartil qee (2), aadvya (x-y) pratalatil dnyat paribhraman aahet. nantar, tyanna x-aanee y-akshambhovati paribhraman aadhalu shakate-aanee tyanchya dainandin anubhavat asha paribhraman nehmi anant konatoon asoo shakatat, jenekarun hii paribhraman prabhavipane ekmekanshi pravas kartil.
aadvya akshambhovati honare paribhraman vastoola anant pramanat zukwell. x-z pratalatil ("x-tilt") jhukane heey eka mapdand asel aanee y-z pratalatil ("y-tilt") jhukane heey dusare mapdand asel. yaa pancake jagacha samamiti gut tevha assa aahe (2) r2 saha ardh-nirdeshit utpadan, mhanje dvimiteey paribhraman adhik done atirikt mapdand, x-tilt aanee y-tilt. heey ardh-nirdeshit utpadan asanyache kaaran mhanje, jevha tumhi firata, tevha ex-tilt aanee vaay-tilt ekmekanmadhye firatat, kaaran teey done scalar nasoon vector tayar karatat. yaa jagaat, ekach x, y vareel done vastunmadhil unchitil farak haah lambi aanee rundishi sambandhit nasalela eka firki aparivartaniy praman asel. zed-samanvay prabhavipane ex aanee vaay pasoon vegala aahe.
akheris, mothya konanvaril prayoganmule pranyanna khatri patel qee jagachi samamiti itaki aahe (3). mug tyanna samjel qee zed heey kharokharach ex aanee vaay sarkhech aahe, kaaran teey firkidware misalale jaau shakatat. tarr (2) ardh-nirdeshit utpadan r2 maryada hii mukt mapdand "μ", unchi shreni "micronium" aanee lambi shreni "mea" chey gunottar 0 paryant pohochate ashee maryada mhanoon samajali jaeel. laurentz gut samaan aahe-haah eka sadha gut aahe joou galilean gatamadhye badalato jevha vel shreni antaral shrenichya tulanet lamb kelee jaate, kinwa jethe veg anant kinwa samatulya manale jaau shakatat, tee maryada mhanoon manale jaau shakate, jithe sapeksh prabhav "anant vegaitke changle" nirikshanyogya hotat.
anuvadanmule vishesh sapekshatecha samamiti gut purnapane sopa nahee. laurentz gut haah parivartanancha sanch aahe joou mool nishchit thevato, parantu anuvad samavisht kelele naheet. purn poincare gut haah laurentz gatasah anuvadanche ardh-thet utpadan aahe. jarr anuvad laurentz gatachya ghatkansarkhech asateel, tarr boost heey gair-parasparsanvadi asalyane, anuvad dekhil gair-parasparsanvadi asateel.
jarr prani samatalavar nasoon prachand golavar rahat asateel tarr pankechya jagaat heey disun yeil. yaa prakaranat, jevha teey tyanchya golat firat asatat, tevha akheris tyanna lakshat yeil qee anuvad heey paribhramananpasun purnapane vegale naheet, kaaran jarr teey golyachya prushthbhagavar firat asateel, jevha teey jithe suru jhaale tethe parat yeteel, tevha tyanna aadhalel qee teey golavareel samantar vahatukichya holonomeedware firavale gele aahet. jarr vishva sarvatra samaan asel (sajatiy) aanee konatyahi pasantichya disha (samasthanik) nastil, tarr samamiti gatasathi barech paryay nahitah teey ektar sapat pratalavar, kinwa sthir sakaratmak vakrata asalelya golavar, kinwa sthir nakaratmak vakrata asalelya lobachevsky pratalavar rahatat. jarr teey samatalavar rahat nastil, tarr teey parimanahin coone vaparoon sthitiche varnan karoo shakatat, tech mapdand jeey paribhramananche varnan karatat, jenekarun anuvad aanee paribhraman nammatrapane ekikrut hotil.
sapekshatemadhye, jarr anuvad heey paribhramananmadhye kshullakaritya misalale gele, parantu vishva ajunahi eksandh aanee samasthanik aahe, tarr ekmev paryay mhanje antaralkalat eksaman scalar vakrata aahe. jarr vakrata sakaratmak asel, tarr dvi-aayami pranyansathi golakachya kesache analogue, spacetime haah dii citter space aahe aanee tyacha samamiti gut haah poincare gatapeksha dii citter gut aahe.
dii citter special relativity asey gruheet dharate qee rikamya jaaget nisargacha moolbhut niyam mhanoon dii citter samamiti aahe. yacha arth assa qee padarth kinwa urja nasatanahi antaralkal kinchit vakr asato. hii avashisht vakrata nirikshanadvare nirdharit karnyasathi sakaratmak vishvashastriy sthirank soochit karate. sthiratechya chhotya parimanamule, tyachya poinker gatasah vishesh sapekshata bahutek vyavharik karanansathi dii citter spacepasoon vegale karata yet nahee.
yaa kalpaneche aadhunik samarthak, jase qee ess. casiatori, vhee. gorini aanee aaa. tathapi, yaa siddhantacha keval ganeet mhanoon navhe tarr bhautikshastra mhanoon punha arth lavala aahe. teey asey gruheet dharatat qee vishvachya vistaracha praveg purnapane nirvat urjemule nahee, tarr kiman anshatah dii citter gatachya gatishastramule aahe, jeey poincare gatachi jaaga gheil.
yaa kalpanet badal kelyane sootra 1 kalantarane badaloo shakate, jenekarun sadhyachya tulanet mahavisfotajavalacha vaishvik sthirank motha asalyamule chalanwadh yeu shakate. quantum gurutvakarshanachya samasyesathi eka vegala drushtikon mhanoon dekhil yakade pahile jaau shakate.
uchch urja.
poincare gut qamee vegachya gatishastrasathi galilean gatashi sankuchit hoto, mhanje jevha serve veg lahan asatat tevha poincare gut galilean gatat 'morph' hoto. (heey ̃nönü aanee vignarchya gut aakunchan sankalpanesah achook kele jaau shakate.)
tyachpramane, dii citter gut qamee antarachya gatishastrasathi poincare gatashi sankuchit hoto, jevha dii citter trijyechya tulanet serve anuvadanche pariman khoop qamee asate. quantum yantrikimadhye, qamee antarachi tapasani uchch urjedware kelee jaate, jenekarun brahmandshastriy sthirankashi sambandhit atishay qamee mulyapeksha jaast asalelya urjesathi, poincare gut haah dii citter gatasathi eka changla andaj aahe.
dii citter relativitymadhye, cosmological sthirank haah aata tyach prakarcha mukt mapdand rahilela nahee; too dii citter trijyedvare nirdharit keela jaato, eka moolbhut praman jeey paribhraman/boosts anuvadacha parivartanacha sambandh nirdharit karate. yacha arth assa qee dii citter relativitycha siddhant kadachit cosmic considence spasht karat cosmological constantchya mulyabaddal antardrushti pradan karnyas saksham asoo shakato. durdaivane, dii citter trijya, jee vishvashastriy sthirank nirdharit karate, hii dii citter sapekshatemadhye eka samayojanaksham mapdand aahe, mhanoon mapan pramananchya sandarbhat tyache moolya nirdharit karnyasathi siddhantala vegalya atinchi aavashyakta aahe.
jevha cosmological sthirankakade gatiman mapdand mhanoon pahile jaate, tevha urja aanee gatichya vyakhya vishesh sapekshatechya vyakhyepeksha badalalya pahijet. jarr tyaa velee vishvashastriy sthirank adhik motha asel tarr heey badal prarambhik vishvachya bhautikshastrat lakshaniy badal karoo shakatat. kahijan assa andaj lavtat qee uchch urja prayog alp kalavadhisathi mothya vaishvik sthirankasah minkowski antaralapasun dii citter spaceparyant antaral kalachya sthanik sanrachanet badal karoo shakato aanee akheris tyachi chachani vidyaman kinwa niyojit kann takkaramadhye kelee jaau shakate.
duppat vishesh sapekshata.
dii citter gut naisargikaritya eka aparivartaniy lambiche mapdand samavisht karat asalyane, dii citter sapekshatecha arth tathakathit duheri vishesh sapekshateche udaharan mhanoon lavala jaau shakato. tathapi, eka moolbhut farak aaheh serve duppat vishesh sapekshatechya modelmadhye laurentz samamitiche ullanghan kele jaate, tarr dii citter sapekshatemadhye tee bhautik samamiti mhanoon rahate. nehamichya duppat vishesh sapekshatechya pratimanchi eka kamatarata mhanje teey keval urja pramananvar vaidh asatat jethe samanya vishesh sapekshateche vighatan hote, jyamule patchwork sapekshata nirman hote. dusarikade, vastuman, urja aanee gatichya ekach velee punha mojmap kartana dii citter relativity aparivartaniy asalyache aadhalun aale aahe aanee parinami tee serve urja pramananvar vaidh aahe. duheri vishesh sapekshata, dii citter space aanee general relativity yanchyatil sambandhanche varnan derek wise yanni kele aahe. mcdowell-mansuri krutee dekhil pahaa.
neuton-hookah dii citter special relativity inn daad limit "v" ′ "c".
yaa maryadet, dii citter gut neuton-hook gatashi karar karato. yacha parinam assa hoto qee sapekshata nasalelya maryadet, dii citter spacemadhil vastoonna moodapasoon atirikt "pratikarshan" asateh vastunmadhye tyanchya moodapasoonchya antarachya pramananusar bahya dishene nirdeshit kalpanik balasah kendrapasoon door jaanyachi pravrutti asate.
heey avkashatil pasantiche bindu nivadu shakate asey disate-pratikarshan kendra, teey adhik sookshmapane samasthanik aahe. aahe binduvar nirikshakachya samaan pravegit sandarbh chaukatikade jaatana, serve praveganmadhye naveen binduvar pratikarshan kendra asalyache disate.
yacha arth assa aahe qee, adrushya naan naan vakratesah antaralkalat, gurutvakarshan heey neutonian gurutvakarshanapasun badalale jaate. antaralachya trijyeshi tulana karata karata antaravar, vastoonna nirdeshankanchya kendratoon atirikt resheey pratikarshan jaanavate.
quantum dii citter vishesh sapekshata.
dii citter vishesh sapekshatechya parimanit kinwa quantum aavrutya aahet.
dii citter spacemadhye quantum siddhant tayar karnyachya suruvatichya karyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh

