
gwarani bhasha

gwarani (), visheshtah parguyan gwarani (lokanchi bhasha) mhanoon olakhali jaanari prathamik bhasha, hii eka dakshin american bhasha aahe jee tupian bhashanchya tupi-gwarani kutumbatil aahe. hii paraguechi (spanishs) adhikrut bhashanpaiki eka aahe, jithe tee bahusankhya loksankhya bolate aanee jithe grameen loksankhyepaiki ardhi lock hii bhasha ekbhashik bolatat.
ishanya argentine, aagney bolivia aanee nairutya brazilchya kahee bhagansah shejarchya deshanmadhil samudayandvare hii bhasha bolali jaate aanee 2004 pasoon tee argentinachya corian prantatil dusari adhikrut bhasha aahe. spanish aanee portugij bhashesah, gwarani hii markosurchya teen adhikrut bhashanpaiki eka aahe.
gwarani hii sarvat jaast bolali jaanari american bhasha aahe aanee tee samanyatah paraguan lock aanee shejaril samudayanmadhye vaparali jaate. american bhashanmadhye heey adviteey aahe; european vasahatvadi bhashankade bhasheche sthalantar (yaa prakaranat, spanishchi dusari adhikrut bhasha) hii paschim golardhat jawaljawal sarvatrik ghatana rahili aahe, parantu paraguine lokanni spanishcha avalamb kartana tyanchi paramparik bhasha kayam thewali aahe.
jesuitche pujari antonio ruiz dii montoya, jyanni 1639 madhye 'tessoro day laa lengua gurani' (gwarani bhashecha khajina/gwarani bhasha thesorus) navachya pustakat gwaraniche pahile likhit vyakaran prakashit kele, tyanni tyache varnan 'itaki vipul aanee mohak bhasha' mhanoon kele qee tee sarvat prasiddha [bhashanchya]shhee spardha karoo shakate.
gwarani' heey naav samanyatah paraguaechya adhikrut bhashesathi vaparale jaate. tathapi, haah boolii sakhalicha eka bhag aahe, jyachya bahutek ghatakanna anekada gwarani dekhil mhanatat.
itihas.
gwarani, tyachya shastriy swarupat, vistarit missionary pradeshanmadhye bolali jaanari ekmev bhasha hotee, tarr paraguine gwaranichi mule jesuitchya qamee karnyachya baher aahet.
aadhunik vidvattene dakhavun dile aahe qee gwarani hii nehmich vasahati paraguaychi prathamik bhasha hotee, qamee jhalelya pradeshanchya aat aanee baher. 18 vya shatkat jesutanchya hakalpattinantar, yaa ghatakanche rahivasi haloohaloo uttar aanee paschimekade asunsiyankade sthalantarit jhaale, eka jansankhyikiy badal jyamule dharmpracharkanni vasahatichya dakshin aanee purv bhagat tayar kelelya jesuit bolibhashepasun nishchitpane ektarfi badal jhaala.
jesuitsche gurani heey spanish bhashetil thet dhvanyatmak karjapasoon door rahile. tyaeivaji, missionary sthanik rupankananmadhun calc sandnya tayar karnyasathi bhashechya ektrit swarupavar avalambun hote. yaa prakriyemule jesutanna pashchatya sankalpana vyakt karnyasathi anekada guntaguntichya, atyant krutrim sandnyancha vapar karava lagla. yaulat, mohimanchya baher bolalya jaananya gwaraniche vaishishtya mhanje hyspanisismcha mukt, aniyantrit pravah; varanvar, spanish shabd aanee vakye fakt kiman dhvanyatmak rupantarasah gwaranimadhye samavisht kelee jaat asat.
tyaa ghataneche eka changle udaharan 'communion' yaa shabdamadhye aadhalate. jesuitsney, tyanchya ektrit ranniticha vapar karoon, yaa shabdache bhashantar kele, "shabdavar aadharit eka calc", jyacha arth dev aahe. aadhunik parguyan guranimadhye, toch shabd anuvadit keela jaato.
ghatinmule baheroon sthalantar jhalyanantar, gwaranichya yaa done vegalya bolibhasha prathamach vyapak samparkat aalya. bahusankhya vaktyanni paraguaymadheel vaktyanchya pratyaksh vaparatoon vikasit jhalelya vividhatechya bajoone qamee bolki, atyant niyantrit jesuit prakar sodala. bolalya jaananya gwaranichya yaa samkalin prakarala jopara mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyacha gwaranimadhye "mishran" assa arth hoto.
rajkiy sthitee.
vyapakpane bolalya jaananya, paraguyan gwaranila swatantrya midalyapasoonchya tyachya bahutansh itihasat paraguyan sarkaranni dadapale aahe. 100 varshanhun adhik kaal sarkari shalanmadhye tyavar bandee hotee. tathapi, lokprimi lokanni anekada rashtravadi utsah vadhavanyasathi aanee samajik ektechya kathela protsahan denyasathi yaa bhashecha abhiman balgala.
alfredo strosenerchya nirankush rajvatit, tyachya colorado pakshane samanya paraguine lokanna aakarshit karnyasathi hii bhasha vaparali, jaree strosenerne swatah gwaranimadhye kadhihi bhashan dile nahee. 1992 madhye paraguyan lokshahichya aagmananantar, naveen rajyaghatanet spanishchya barobarichi bhasha mhanoon gwaranichi sthapana karnyat aalee.
spanish aanee gwaraniche mishran asalele jopara heey paraguaychya andaje 90 takke loksankhyedvare bolale jaate. done bhashanmadhil code-switching eka asha varnpatavar hote jyamadhye adhikrut aanee vyavasayashi sambandhit babinsathi adhik spanish vaparale jaate aanee qalaa aanee dainandin jeevanat adhik gwarani vaparali jaate.
gwarani hii bolivia aanee argentinamadhil corients prantachi adhikrut bhasha dekhil aahe.
lekhan pranali.
tulanene alikadech gwarani hii likhit bhasha bunley aahe. tyachi aadhunik varnamala mulat lattin lipicha eka upasanch aahe ('jeey', 'keey' aanee 'vaay' saha parantu 'doubleu' nahee), done dicritic aanee sahaa degraphs purak aahe. tyachi varnarachana mukhyatve dhvanyatmak aahe, aksharanchi moolye bahutek spanishsarkhich aahet. varnamalecha bhag manalya jaananya anek aksharansah tildecha vapar keela jaato. ν/ν chya babatit, teey paletal anunasik aanee vayuvahak anunasik (spanishpramanech) vegale karate, tarr swaravar vaparlyas (portugijmadhye) tanalele anunasikaran chinhankit karateh ā, Â, í, ó, u, Â. (anunasik swar itar anek shabdalekhanansah lihile gele aaheth ā, ā, Â, ā.) tilde heey jee. aine./jee. aine. aii. chya babatit anunasikta dekhil chinhankit karate, jyacha vapar anunasikta tildes weller andaje "jee" ekatra karoon anunasikta weller andaje darshavinyasathi keela jaato. yaa bhashesathi adviteey asalele 'jee./jee. aine. aii.' heey akshar tulanene alikadech 20vya shatkachya madhyat varnalekhanat samavisht karnyat aale hote aanee tyachya vaparavar matbhed aahet. heey yunikodmadhil purvanishchit varn nahee, jyamule tanklekhanvishayak gairsoy houu shakate-udaharanarth kahee mandanimadhye donada 'hatwa' dabane-kinwa sanganake aanee font vapartana apoorn rendering jeey gliff rachanechya jatil mandani vaishishtyala yogyaritya samarthan dett naheet.
keval tanalele anunasik swar anunasik mhanoon lihile jaatat. jarr maukhik swaravar jore deela gela asel aanee too antim shabdansh nasel, tarr too tivra uchcharanane chinhankit keela jaatoh á, é, í, ó, ü, í. mhanjech, jarr konee asel tarr, uchchar-chinhankit aksharavar, aanee jarr donhi disat nastil tarr antim aksharavar, anunasik mhanoon chinhankit kelelya swaravar taana yeto.
andhansathi eka gwarani brail dekhil aahe.
dhvanyatmakata.
gwarani shabdanshanmadhye eka vyanjan aanee eka swar kinwa keval eka swar asato; vyanjanat sampanare shabdansh kinwa done kinwa adhik vyanjan ekatra yet naheet. heey "(see) vhee" mhanoon darshavile jaate.
khaleel taktyat aay. pii. aii. chey moolya dakhavale aahe. bhinn asalyas, varnarachana khalee coone kansat darshavili aahe.
vyanjan.
dhvanibaddha vyanjananmadhye maukhik swaranpurvi maukhik allophone (davikade) aanee anunasik swaranpurvi anunasik allophone (ujavikade) asatat. aavaj bund kelelya tondavateche allophone prenazalized asatat.
eka kram dekhil aahe (likhit). eka tril (likhit), aanee vyanjan, aanee (likhit) heey moolche gwaraniche naheet, parantu spanishmadhun aale aahet.
bolibhashenusar anekada tondi uchchar keela jaato, parantu anunasik allophone nehmich asato.
prushthiy frecative aanee darmyan mukt farak aahe.
, heey andaje aahet, frecative naheet, parantu kadhikadhi lipyantar kele jaatat, jase qee spanishsathi paramparik aahe. lipyantar dekhil kele jaate, jeey moolatah samaan aahe.
serve shabdansh khule aahet, mhanje. see. vhee. kinwa vhee., swarat sampate.
glottle stop.
gwaranimadhye 'puso' mhanoon olakhala jaanara glottle stop keval swaranmadhye lihila jaato, parantu swar-prarambhik shabdanchya aadhi dhvanyatmakapane aadhalato. yamule, ayala (2000:19) heey darshavite qee kahee shabdanmadhye ekmekanchya jawal anek glottle thambe asatat, jyaa parinami anek bhinn disimilation tantranmadhun jaatat. udaharanarth, "mea paanee pito" "ayu" laa "hayu" asey uchcharale jaate. yavarun asey soochit hote qee kriyapadachya swarupatil aniyamitata gwaranichya itihasatil niyamit dhwani badal prakriyanmadhun udbhavate. glottle stop kitee padato yaat kahee pramanat farak asalyache disate (udaharanarth 'aruka'> 'aruka'> 'arka' mhanje 'mea aanato'). heey shakya aahe qee shabd-antargat glottle thambe jivashmayukt sanyuganpasun rakhoon thewale gele asavet jethe dusra ghatak swar-prarambhik (aanee mhanoon glottle stop-prarambhik) mool hota.
swar.
 jaree kadhikadhi open-miid allophone adhik varanvar vaparale jaatat, taree teey spanish aanee aay. pii. aii. samatulya bhashanshi qamee-adhik pramanat julatat. graphim swar darshavate (polishpramane). anunasikta lakshat gheta, swar pranali purnapane samamiteey asate, pratyek maukhik swarala tyacha anunasik pratirup asato (anunasik asalelya bahutek pranalinmadhye anunasikanpeksha qamee anunasik asatat).
anunasik susanvad.
gwarani anunasik susanvadachi asamanya patali darshavate. anunasik shabdanshat anunasik swar asato aanee jarr vyanjanala aavaj deela gela tarr too tyacha anunasik swarshabd gheto. jarr tanalele akshar anunasik asel tarr teey tondawate asalelya tanalelya aksharala takkar dett nahee toparyant anunasikta "donhi" dishene pasarate. yamadhye jodani, postposition aanee chakravadh yancha samavesh hoto. aavajahin vyanjananmadhye anunasik allophone nasatat, parantu teey anunasikatechya prasarat vyatyay aanat naheet.
udaharanarth,
tathapi, maukhik swarasah dusra tanalela shabdansh anunasik honar naheeh
mhanjech, ekach tanalelya swar asalelya shabdasathi, serve aavaj kelele bhag ektar tondi kinwa anunasik asateel, tarr tondawate viruddha anunasik asey aavajahin vyanjan aprabhavit asatat.
vyakaran.
gwarani hii eka atyant ektrit bhasha aahe, jee anekada bahusanshleshi mhanoon vargikrut kelee jaate. hii eka pravahi-prakarchi sakriy bhasha aahe aanee milevskychya prakarshastrat 6 vya shrenichi bhasha mhanoon vargikrut kelee gelee aahe. too sahasa vishay-kriyapad-object (ess. vhee. oo.) shabd kram vaparato, parantu jevha vishay nirdisht keela jaat nahee tevha object-kriyapad vaparato.
yaa bhashet ling nahee aanee tyat konatahi sthanik nishchit lekh nahee, parantu spanish bhashetil prabhavamule, 'laa' haah ekvachan sandarbhasathi aanee 'loow' haah bahuvachan sandarbhasathi eka nishchit lekh mhanoon vaparla jaato. heey shastriy gwaranimadhye ("gwaranite") aadhalat naheet.
sandnya.
gwarani nammatra kaal darshaviteh bhootkal, joou '-kyu' neey vyakt keela jaato aanee bhavishyakal, joou '-raa' neey vyakt keela jaato. udaharanarth, 'tett ruvichakue' chaa arth 'majee adhyaksh' tarr 'tett ruvichara' chaa arth 'adhyaksh-nivadoon aalele' assa hoto."bhootkalatil morphim" "-kyu" "chey bhashantar anekada" "ex-", "" "majee", "" "sodoon dilele", "" "jeey ekada hote" "kinwa" "eka vel" "asey kele jaate". jeey honar hote parantu jeey ghadale nahee, tyachi kalpana vyakt karnyasathi yaa rupankananna ekatra dekhil kele jaau shakate. udaharanarth, 'jodee' mhanje 'eka ashee vyakti jee pujari honyasathi shikali pann pratyakshat purn kelee nahee' kinwa tyaeivaji, 'majee bhavee pujari'. kahee sandnya-kyooaivaji-reey vapartat aanee itar sandnya-raivaji-gua vapartat.
sarvanam.
gwarani pratham vyakti bahuvachanachya sarvasamaveshak aanee ananya sarvanamanmadhye farak karate.
prativartak sarvanamah "jeey": "ahacha" ("mea pahato"), "ajahecha" ("mea swatakade pahato")
sanyog.
gwaranichya khodanna anek sanyugman varganmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate, jyanna 'areal' ('eral' upvargasah) aanee 'chendal' mhanatat. yaa varganchi nave pahilya aanee dusya vyakti ekvachanasathichya upasarganchya navanvarun udbhavtat.
kshetriy" sanyugman heey sahbhagi sakriyapane sahbhagi aahe heey sanganyasathi vaparale jaate, tarr "chendal" sanyugman heey sahbhagi haah paar padnara aahe heey sanganyasathi vaparale jaate. tathapi, jarr eka akarmak kriyapad ekhadya sthitichya viruddha ekhadi ghatana vyakt karate, udaharanarth 'mano' 'dye' aanee agadi 'keey' 'sleep' sarkhya kriyapadachya madatinehi 'areal' sanyugman vaparale jaate. yavyatirikt, serve udhar ghetalelya spanish kriyapadanna "chandal" ghenanya udhar ghetalelya visheshananchya ulat "areal" mhanoon sweekarle jaate. lakshat ghya qee akarmak kriyapade ektar sanyugman gheu shakatat, sankramak kriyapade samanyatah 'areal' ghetat, parantu savayichya vachanasathi 'chendal' gheu shakatat. sandnya dekhil sanyugmit kelya jaau shakatat, parantu keval 'chandal' mhanoon. heey eka purvanumey swatvabodhak vachan vyakt karate.
shivay, khod tondawate kinwa anunasik asalyamule sanyugman kinchit badalate.
nakar.
nakar haah parigh "aine (dii) (vhee)-" dware darshavila jaato...-(aar) gwaranimadhye 'aay'. parighasutracha purvashabd bhag maukhik aadharansathi 'nd-' aanee anunasik aadharansathi 'n-' aahe. dusya vyaktisathi ekvachan, payathyapurvi eka epinthetic 'eae' ghatale jaate, pahilya vyaktisathi bahuvachan samavisht, eka epinthetic 'aii' ghatale jaate.
uttar-maukhik bhag haah '-i' madhye samapt honanya payansathi '-ri' aanee itar sarvansathi '-i' aahe. tathapi, bolalya jaananya gwaranimadhye, parighatil '-rii' bhag '-aay' madhye samapt honanya payansathi varanvar vagalala jaato.
nakar serve kalanmadhye vaparla jaau shakato, parantu bhavishyatil kinwa avastav sandarbhasathi, samanya kaal chinhankan "moa" neey badalale jaate, parinami "aine (dii)" (vhee) "-bases-moa-aay" "nandajapomoi", "mea teey karnar nahee".
itar nakaratmak goshti dekhil aahet, jase keeh "anee", "america", "nahniri", "numbrey", "nang".
taana aanee bajuche morphim.
pratyay nasalela kriyapad prakar kahisa vartmanvadi aaheh "upera rese reho momberry", tyaa divashi tumhi baher padala aanee tumhi khoop door gela ".
heey done pratyay ekatra jodale jaau shakatatah "ahatma", "mea aadhich jaat aahe".
haah pratyay 'maa' saha jodala jaau shakato, jyamule 'pama' tayar hotoh 'nande jayakuapama nande remimo', aata aamhala tumche serve vichar samajale.
heey taana naan dilele pratyay aaheth "taa", "maa", "neey", "vho", "mea"; mhanoon taana kriyapadachya shevatchya shabdanshavar kinwa shevatchya tanalelya shabdanshavar jaato.
gwaranimadhye spanish karj.
spanish aanee gwarani yanchyat ghanisht aanee pradirgh sampark anubhavala gela aahe, parinami spanish moolche anek gwarani shabd nirman jhaale aahet. yapaiki anek karje spanish vasahatikaranachya aadhi naveen jagasathi adnyat asalelya goshti kinwa sankalpanansathi hotee. udaharane khalee dilee aaheth
gwarani karj ingerjit.
ingerjit portugijanchya madhyamatoon gwarani (kinwa kadachit sambandhit tupi) pasoon thodya pramanat shabd sweekarle gele aahet, mukhytah prani kinwa vanaspatinchi nave. "jaguar" haah shabd "jaguret" pasoon yeto aanee "pirana" haah shabd "pira aanaa" ("tooth phisha" tupih pira = phisha, aanaa = tooth) pasoon yeto. itar shabd asey aaheth 'akuti' pasoon 'agauti', 'tapira' pasoon 'tapir', 'vasai' pasoon 'asai' ('[jeey phal] radate kinwa paanee baher kadhate'), 'agura' mhanje 'kolha', 'margay' mhanje 'lahan manjar' aanee 'samanya paanee boa' mhanje 'saap'. jakranda, gwarana aanee mandioka heey gwarani kinwa tupi-gwarani moolche shabd aahet. ipikakuanaha (aushadhi aushadhache naav) heey eka samaan naav asalelya tupi-gurani navavarun aale aahe, jyache bhashantar 'ipe-qaa' aaa-gueen 'asey kele jaau shakate, jyacha arth eka ulatya karnara rengalanara vanaspati assa hoto.
urugueche navapramanech paragueche naav haah eka gwarani shabd aahe. tathapi, donhipaiki eka sthanachya navacha achook arth vegvegalya arthannusar aahe. (pahah desh-naav vyutpattichi yadee.)
"kaugar" haah shabd pracheen portugij Çucuarana pasoon ghetala gela aahe; haah shabd ektar moolatah tupi bhasha "" susurana "," mhanje "harnasarkhe (kesanchya rangat)" kinwa gwari bhasha shabd "" guasu aaraa "pasoon aala hota tarr" "puma" "peruvian kwechua bhashetoon aala aahe".
udaharan mhanoon majkoor.
gwaranimadhil manavadhikaranchya sarvatrik ghoshaneche kalam 1:
ingrajimadhye manavadhikaranchya sarvatrik ghoshaneche kalam 1:
sahitya.
naveen karar greekmadhun gwaranimadhye dow. johnn william lindsay (1875-1946) yanni anuvadit keela hota, jeey bellen, paraguay yethe sthit eka scottish vaidyakeey missionary hote. naveen karar 1913 madhye british aanee paradeshi baibal societyne chhapala hota. haah dakshin amerikechya konatyahi sthanik bhashet anuvadit kelela pahila naveen karar asalyache manale jaate.
sampoorn bayabalache gwaranimadhye kelele adhik aadhunik bhashantar 'nandejara neey' mhanoon olakhale jaate. 
2019 madhye, yahovachya sakshidaranni pavitra shastravachananche naveen jaagtik bhashantar chhapil aanee online asha donhi aavrutyanmadhye gwaranimadhye prakashit kele. 
alikadech gwaranimadhil kadambyanchi malika prakashit jhaali aaheh