
sigmund fried

sigmund fried (,; sigismund slomo fried; 6 meey 1856-23 september 1939) heey austriyan neurologist aanee manovishleshan yaa roganche moolyankan aanee upchar karnyasathichi eka vaidyakeey paddhat, jee mansik sangharshatun udbhavate asey manale jaate, rugna aanee manovishleshak yanchyatil sanvadadvare aanee manacha vishisht siddhant aanee tyatoon tayar jhaleli manvi sanstha, hyache sansthapak hote.
friedcha janm austriyan samrajyatil moravian shahar freebergmadhye galician jyoo palakanchya potee jhaala. 1881 madhye vienna vidyapithat tyanni vaidyakshastrat doctor mhanoon patrata prapt kelee. 1885 madhye tyanche adhivas purn kelyanantar tyanna neuropathologymadhye dossent mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee 1902 madhye teey sanlagn pradhyapak jhaale. fried viennamadhye rahat hote aanee 1886 madhye tethe tyanchi vaidyakeey seva suru karoon kaam karat hote. march 1938 madhye austriyachya german vilinikaranantar, fried yanni nazi chhalapasun vachanyasathi austriya sodale. 1939 madhye united kingadammadhe nirvasit avasthet tyanche nidhan jhaale.
manovishleshanachya sthapanet friedney mukt sangaticha vapar yasarkhi upcharatmak tantre vikasit kelee aanee hastantaran shodhun kadhale, jyamule vishleshanatmak prakriyet tyachi madhyavarti bhoomika sthapit jhaali. friedney laingikatechya tyachya baal swarupancha samavesh karnyasathi kelelya punarnirdharanamule tyala edipus complexes haah manovishleshanatmak siddhantacha madhyavarti siddhant tayar karnyas pravrutt kele. ichcha-purtata mhanoon swapnanchya tyanchya vishleshanane tyanna lakshan nirmitichya vaidyakeey vishleshanasathi aanee dadapshahichya antarnihit yantranesathi namune pradan kele. yaa aadharavar friedney tyachya beshuddhatechya siddhantache tapshilvar varnan kele aanee pudhe jaaun olakh, ahankar aanee atee-ahankar yancha samavesh asalelya mansik sanrachaneche eka model vikasit kele. friedney kamvasna, laingik urja jyadvare mansik prakriya aanee sanrachana guntavalya jaatat aanee jyamule kamuk jodani nirman hote aanee saktichi punaravrutti, dvesh, aakramakta aanee majjatantu aparadhbhav yancha srot mhanoon mrutyuchi moheem, yanche astitva gruheet dharale. tyachya nantarchya karyat friedney dharm aanee sanskraticha vyapak arth aanee teeka vikasit kelee.
nidan aanee vaidyakeey paddhati mhanoon ekoon ghat hott asali taree, manasshastra, mansopchar aanee manasopacharat aanee sampoorn manvyashastrat manovishleshan prabhavi rahile aahe. asha prakare tyachi upcharatmak parinamkarakta, tyachi vaidnyanik sthitee aanee tee strivadi hetula pudhe nett aahe qee adthala aanate yabaddal vyapak aanee atyant vadgrast vaad nirman hott aahe. tathapi, friedchya karyane samkalin pashchatya vichar aanee lokpriy sanskratila grassley aahe. 1940 saalee friedla dilelya kavyatmak shraddhanjalimadhye tyanche varnan asey kele aahe qee tyanni "matanche sampoorn vatavaran nirman kele/jyanchyakhali aapan aapale bhinn jeevan chalavato".
charitra.
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
sigmund friedcha janm austriyan samrajyatil (aata preober, check prajasattak) moravian shahar freebergmadhye ashkenazi jyoo palakanpasun jhaala, joou aath mulanpaiki pahila hota. tyache ivadil doghehi galicia yaa aadhunik kalatil paschim ukraine aanee aagney polandmadhye pasarlelya aitihasik prantache hote. tyache vadil, jakob fried (1815-1896), eka lokri vyapari, yanna tyachya pahilya lagnamule emmanuel (1833-1914) aanee phillip (1836-1911) heey done mulge hote. jekabche kutumb hasidi jyoo hote aanee jaree jacob swatah paramparepasun door gela asala, taree too tyachya torah abhyasasathi olakhala jaau lagla. too aanee friedchi aaee, amalia nathansohan, jee 20 varshanni lahan hotee aanee tyachi tisari patni, 29 julai 1855 roji rabbi isaq noa manhemarne lagn kele. teey aarthikdrushtya sangharsh karat hote aanee sclosurgasse 117 yetheel kulupkarachya gharat bhadyachya kholeet rahat hote, jevha tyancha mulga sigmund janmala aala. too eka kull gheuun janmala aala hota, jyala tyachya aaeene mulachya bhavishyasathi sakaratmak shagun mhanoon pahile.
1859 madhye fried kutumbane freeberg sodale. friedche savatra bhau englandmadhil manchester yethe sthalantarit jhaale aanee tyanna tyanchya balpanichya 'avibhajya' khelachya jodidar, emmanuelcha mulga johnpasoon vegale kele. jacob friedney tyachi patni aanee done mulanna (friedchi baheen, annah, 1858 madhye janmali; eka bhau, julius 1857 madhye janmala, balpanatach maran pavala) pratham leapzig yethe aanee nantar 1860 madhye vienna yethe nele jethe chaar bahini aanee eka bhau janmalah rosa (buub. 1860), merrie (buub. 1861), adolphine (buub. 1862), paula (buub. 1864), alekzandar (buub. 1866). 1865 madhye, nauu varshanchya friedney eka pramukh highschoolmadhye pravesh ghetala. too eka utkrusht vidyarthi asalyache siddha jhaale aanee 1873 madhye tyane sanmanane maturatoon padvi prapt kelee. tyanna sahityachi aavad hotee aanee teey german, french, italian, spanish, ingraji, hibru, lattin aanee greek bhashanmadhye parangat hote.
friedney vayachya 17 vya varshi vienna vidyapithat pravesh ghetala. tyane kayadyacha abhyas karanyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu vidyapithatil vaidyakeey pradhyapkanmadhye sameel jhaala, jithe tyachya abhyasat franz brentanochya netrutvakhali tattvadnyan, ernst brookchya netrutvakhali sharirshastra aanee darwinwadi pradhyapak carl clodge yanchya netrutvakhali pranishastra yancha samavesh hota. 1876 madhye, friedney triaste yetheel clodgechya pranishastriy sanshodhan kendramadhye chaar aathvade ghalavale, shekado eelche vichhedan karoon tyanchya purush punarutpadak avyavanchya anirnit shodhat. 1877 madhye, fried ernst brookchya shariravidnyan prayogshalet gele, jithe tyanni manavanchya menduchi tulana bedook, lamprey tasech aksherukasarkhya itar prushthavanshiy pranyanshi kelee, udaharanarth crayfish. majjasansthetil uutinchya jivshastravaril tyanche sanshodhan 1890 chya dashakat neuronchya tyanantarchya shodhasathi nirnayak tharale. eka varshachi anivarya lashkari seva haatee ghenyachya jababdarimule friedchya sanshodhan karyat 1879 madhye vyatyay aala. pradirgh avkali kalamule tyanna johnn stuart mill yanchya sankalit kamanmadhil chaar nibandhanche bhashantar karnyasathi eka commission purn karane shakya jhaale. march 1881 madhye tyanni emm. dii. saha padvi prapt kelee.
prarambhik karkird aanee vivah.
1882 madhye friedney vienna general rugnalayat aaplya vaidyakeey karkirdila suruvat kelee. cerebral anatomymadhil tyanchya sanshodhan karyamule 1884 madhye kokenchya upashamak prabhavanvar eka prabhavshali pepper prakashit jhaala aanee afesiyavarche tyanche karya 1891 madhye prakashit jhalelya tyanchya pahilya pustak 'aun afacia aaa critical studdy' chaa aadhar banale. teen varshanchya kalavadhit, friedney rugnalayachya vividh vibhaganmadhye kaam kele. theodor mainertchya mansopchar kendrat aanee sthanik aashraysthanat eka sthan mhanoon tyanni ghalavalela vel vaidyakeey karyat rus vadhavanyas karanibhoot tharala. tyanchya prakashit sanshodhanachya mothya bhagamule 1885 madhye neuropathologymadhye vidyapithache vyakhyate kinwa pradhyapak mhanoon tyanchi niyukti jhaali, jeey eka pagar nasalele padd hote parantu jyala tyanna vienna vidyapithat vyakhyane denyacha adhikar hota.
1886 madhye friedney tyachya rugnalayin padacha rajinama deela aanee 'majjasansthetil vikar' madhye visheshatva asalelya khajgi practicemadhye pravesh keela. tyach varshi tyane hambergmadhil mukhya rabbi isaq bernesschee naat martha burness hichyashi vivah keela. eka nastik mhanoon, fried austriyamadhye jyoo dharmik sohalyachya garjemule nirash jhaala aanee too talhanyasathi protestant 'kabulijbab' madhye sameel honyachya shakyatevar, nakarnyapurvi, thodakyat vichar keela. 13 september roji burney aanee fryedsathi eka nagri samarambh jhaala aanee dusya divashi eka dharmik samarambh jhaala, jyamadhye friedla ghaighaine ibri prathananche shikshan denyat aale hote. fryadanna sahaa mule hotih mathilde (buub. 1887), jeane-martin (buub. 1889), oliver (buub. 1891), ernst (buub. 1892), sophi (buub. 1893), aanee annah (buub. 1895). 1891 pasoon 1938 madhye tyanni vienna sodeparyant, fried aanee tyache kutumb viennachya aitihasik jilhyajavalachya inere stadt yetheel bargase 19 yetheel eka apartmentmadhye rahat hote.
1896 madhye, martha friedchi baheen minnah burness, tichya mangetarchya mrutyunantar fried gharanyachi kayamswarupi sadasya bunley. friedsobat tiche ghanisht sambandh nirman jhalyane carl jangane suru kelelya afavanna suruvat jhaali. friedney aaplya mehunisobat pravas kartana swakshari keleli 13 august 1898chee swis hotelchya atithipustikachi nond, yaa natyacha purava mhanoon sadar karnyat aalee aahe.
friedney vayachya 24 vya varshi tambakhuche sevan karnyas suruvat kelee; suruvatila too cigaret odhanara, cigaret odhanara banala. dhoomrapanamule kaam karanyachi tyanchi kshamata vadhate aanee teey niyantrit karnyasathi teey aatmasanyam vaparu shakatat assa tyancha vishvas hota. sahkari wilheim flyskadoon aarogyacha ishara deunahi, too dhoomrapan karnara rahila, akheris tyala bukal karkarog jhaala. friedney 1897 madhye udanyachi soochana kelee qee tambakhusah vyasanadhinata hii 'eka mothee savay' asalelya 'hastamaithunacha paryay' aahe."
friedney tyache tatvadnyan shikshak, brentano yanche khoop kautuk kele hote, jeey tyanchya aaklan aanee aatmanirikshan siddhantansathi olakhale jaat hote. brentanone tyachya 'anubhavjanya drushtikonatun manasshastra' (1874) madhye achetan manachya sambhavya astitvachi charcha kelee. jaree brentanone tyache astitva nakarle asale taree, tyachya beshuddhichya charchemule kadachit friedla yaa sankalpaneshi parichit karoon denyat madat jhaali. charles darwinchya pramukh utkrantivadi lekhanachi malki aanee vapar friedney keela aanee edward wonn hartmanchya 'daad philosophy auph daad achetan' (1869) chaa dekhil tyanchyavar prabhav padala. fryedsathi mahattvache asalele itar grunth fetchner aanee herbert yanni lihile hote, jyatil nantarche 'vidnyan mhanoon manasshastra' yaa sandarbhat qamee moolyankan kelele manale jaate. friedney theoder lipschya karyavar dekhil laksh vedhale, jeey beshuddha aanee sahanubhootichya sankalpananche mukhya samkalin siddhantkar hote.
jaree fried tyachya manovishleshak antardrushticha sambandh purvichya tatvik siddhantanshi jodanyas nakhush hota, taree tyachya aanee shopenhower aanee nitshe yaa doghanchya kamanmadhil sadrushyankade laksh vedhale gele aahe. 1908 madhye, friedney sangitale qee too adhunmadhun nitzshe vachato aanee tyachya lekhnabaddal prachand aakarshit hoto, parantu tyacha abhyas keela nahee, kaaran tyala nitzshechi 'antardnyani antardrushti' tyaa velee tyachya swatachya karyashi khoop jaast disate aanee nitzshe vachtana tyala bhedasavalelya 'kalpananchya sampatti' neey too bharavun gela hota. fried kadhikadhi nitzchya kalpanancha prabhav nakarat asey. eka itihaskarane pieter ell. chaa hawala deela aahe. rudnitsky, joou mhanato qee friedchya tyachya kishoravayin mitra edward silbersteinsobatchya patravyavharavar aadharit, friedney nitzcheche 'daad berth auph tragedy' aanee bahudha too satra varshancha asatana 'akali dhyan' madheel pahile done vachale. 1900 madhye, nitshechya mrutyuchya varshi, friedney tyachi gola keleli kaame vikat ghetali; tyane tyachya mitrala, flysla sangitale qee, too nitshechya kamanmadhye 'majhyat mook rahilelya byanch goshtinsathi shabd shodhanyachi aasha karato."nantar, tyane sangitale qee tyane adyap teey ughadale naheet. fried yanni nitzshechya likhanala "abhyas karnyapeksha pratikar karnyasarkhe grunth" mhanoon manale."neurologymadhye karkird karnyacha nirnay ghetalyanantar tatvadnyanatil tyanchi aavad qamee jhaali.
friedney ayushyabhar william shekspeareche ingrajimadhye vachan kele aanee asey suchavale gele aahe qee manvi manasshastrachi tyanchi samaj anshatah shakespearechya natkanmadhun ghetali gelee asavi.
friedche jyoo mool aanee tyachya dharmnirpeksh jyoo olakhiprati asalelya tyachya nishthecha tyachya bauddhik aanee naitik drushtikonachya nirmitivar, visheshtah tyachya bauddhik gair-anurupateshi sambandhit, tyachya "aatmacharitratmak abhyasat" tyanni nidarshanas aanoon dilyapramane, lakshaniy prabhav hota. tyancha, visheshtah sakhol arth lavnyabarobarach aanee "kayadyane ichchhechi maryada" asalelya tyanchya samaan chintanchya sandarbhat, manovishleshit kalpananchya aashayavar dekhil lakshaniy parinam hoil.
mashanshi sambandh.
tyachya kamachya suruvatichya kalat, friedney tyacha mitra wilheim flyes, eka berlin-aadharit qaan, naak aanee ghasa tadnya, jyala too pahilyanda 1887 madhye bhetala hota, tyachya bauddhik aanee bhavnik pathimbyavar bharr deela aanee tyache mahatva manale. laingikateche aamulagra naveen siddhant vikasit karnyachya tyanchya mahattvakankshanmule donhi purushanni swatahla prachalit vaidyakeey aanee saiddhantik mukhya pravahapasun vegale mhanoon pahile. mashanmule manvi biorethamche atyant vilakshan siddhant aanee nasojanitil sambandh vikasit jhaale jeey aaj chhadmavaidnyanik manale jaatat. tyaveli jyala 'vastavik majjatantu' mhatale jaat hote, pramukhyane majjatantu aanee kahee sharirikaritya prakat honari chinta lakshane, yaa karananmule, tyanni laingikatechya kahee pailunche mahatva-hastamaithuni, coitus interrupts aanee kandomcha vapar-yabaddal friedchi matey samayik kelee. tyanni eka vyapak patravyavahar kayam thewala, jyatoon friedney swatachya kalpana vistrut karnyasathi aanee tyat sudharana karnyasathi, shishu laingikta aanee ubhayalingitebaddalachya flyschya andajanna aakarshit kele. manachya paddhatshir siddhantacha tyancha pahila prayatna, tyancha 'vaidnyanik manasshastrasathicha prakalp', sanvadak mhanoon masha asalelya metacycology mhanoon vikasit karnyat aala. tathapi, neurology aanee manasshastra yanchyat pool bandhanyache friedche prayatna akheris teey eka adthalyavar pohochalyanantar sodoon denyat aale, kaaran tyanchi 'flies too flies' chee patre ughad karatat, jaree 'project' chya kahee kalpana 'swapnanchya vyakhyechya' antim adhyayat punha ghetalya jaanar hotya.
friedney tyachya nakavar aanee sainasvar varanvar mashya shastrakriya karoon 'anunasik prativart neurosis' varr upchar kele aanee tyanantar tyachya rugnala emma exteinla tyachyakade pathavale. friedchya matey, tichya lakshanancha itihas mhanje payat tivra vedna aanee parinami maryadit halchal, tasech pooat aanee masik palitil vedna yancha samavesh hota. mashachya siddhantannusar, yaa vedna savayinusar kelelya hastamaithunikaranamule hott asat, jyaa, nakachya ootee aanee jananendriyashi jodalelya asalyamule, madhalya turbinatcha bhag kadhoon takalyane barey karata yet asat. mashichi shastrakriya vinashkari tharali, parinami anunasik raktastrav bharpur jhaala; tyane exteinchya anunasik pokalit ardha meater gauz sodale hote, jeey nantar kadhoon takalyane tee kayamswarupi vikrut jhaali. suruvatila, jaree flyschya doshabaddal aanee bhitidayak upcharatmak shastrakriyebaddal mahitee asali taree, fried flieshy tyachya patravyavaharat tyachya vinashkari bhoomikeche swaroop keval najukpane jawal aanoo shakat hota aanee tyanantarchya patranmadhye yaa vishayavar eka chaturaine maun thewale kinwa exteinchya unmad yaa chehara vachavna vishayakade parat aala. akheris, exteinchya paugandavasthetil swayam-cutting aanee aniyamit anunasik (aanee masik paalee) raktastrav yaa itihasachya prakashat, friedney assa nishkarsh kadhala qee masha 'purnapane dosharahit' hotya, kaaran exteinche shastrakriyenantarche raktastrav heey 'tichya aajarat prem karanyachi junie ichcha' yanchyashi sambandhit unmadyukt 'ichcha-raktastrav' hote aanee '[friedche] prem punha vadhavanyache sadhan' mhanoon suru jhaale. exteinne tarihi friedsobat tiche vishleshan chaloo thewale. teela purn halchalit punarsanchayit karnyat aale aanee tine swatah manovishleshan karnyacha sarav keela.
flysla 'jivashastracha capler' mhanana friedney nantar assa nishkarsh kadhala qee samalingi bandhilaki aanee tyachya 'visheshtah jyoo goodhvad' chey avashesh yanche sanyojan tyachya jyoo mitraprati asalelya tyachya nishthemage aanee parinami tyachya saiddhantik aanee vaidyakeey karyabaddalachya tyachya atiaakalanamage aahe. friedchya laingik niyatkaliktechya samanya siddhantache samarthan karnyachya anichhemule aanee tyachya kamachya sahityachorimadhye sangati asalyacha aarop karoon, tyanchya maitricha tivra ant jhaala. 1906 madhye 'laingikatechya siddhantavaril teen nibandh' prakashit karnyavar friedchya sahkaryachya prastavala flies pratisad denyat ayashasvi jhalyanantar, tyanche sambandh sampushtat aale.
manasshastracha vikas.
aktoobar 1885 madhye, fried teen mahinyanchya pheloshipavar parisla gelet, jyancha abhyas prasiddha neurologist jeane-martin charkot yanchyashi jhaala, jeey sammohanavar vaidnyanik sanshodhan karat hote. nantar tyanna vaidyakeey manovikratishastrachya prathekade aanee neurology sanshodhanat aarthikdrushtya qamee aashadayak karkirdipasun door rahnyasathi utprerak mhanoon yaa mukkamacha anubhav aathavala. charkot heey unmad aanee sammohan honyachi shakyata yanchya abhyasat vishesh hote, jeey tyanni prekshakansamor stagewar rugnansobat varanvar dakhavale.
1886 madhye jevha too vienna yethe khajgi saravat ruju jhaala, tevha friedney tyachya vaidyakeey karyat sammohan vaparnyas suruvat kelee. tyane tyacha mitra aanee sahyogi joseph bruercha drushtikon sammohan prakarat swikarla joou tyane abhyasalelya french paddhatinpeksha vegala hota, jyamadhye tyat soochana vaparali gelee navhati. friedchya vaidyakeey saravasathi, bruerchya eka vishisht rugnacha upchar parivartanshil asalyache siddha jhaale. annah oo' mhanoon varnan kele aahe.sammohan hott asatana teela tichya lakshanambaddal bolanyasathi aamantrit karnyat aale hote (tee tichya upcharasathi 'upchar bolane' haah shabd tayar karat asey). asha prakare bolanyachya darmyan, tichi lakshane tivratet qamee jhaali kaaran tine tyanchya suruvatishi sambandhit aaghatatmak ghatananchya aathvani parat midavalya.
friedchya suruvatichya vaidyakeey karyachya visangat parinamanmule akheris tyala sammohan sodoon dyave lagale, assa nishkarsh kadhala qee rugnanna konatyahi kalpana kinwa aathvanimbaddal, sensorship kinwa pratibandh naan karata, muktapane bolanyas protsahit karoon adhik susangat aanee prabhavi lakshan aaram prapt keela jaau shakato. yaa prakriyechya sanyogane, jyala tyanni 'mukt sambandh' mhatale, friedla aadhalale qee beshuddha padarthanchi guntaguntichi rachana ughad karnyasathi aanee dadapshahichi mansik krutee darshavinyasathi rugnanchya swapnanche faldayi vishleshan kele jaau shakate, joou tyanni nishkarsh kadhala hota, qee lakshan nirmitila aadhar dete. 1896 paryant teey tyanchi naveen vaidyakeey paddhat aanee jyaa siddhantanvar tee aadharit hotee, tyaa sandarbhasathi 'manovishleshan' haah shabd vaparat hote.
fried yanni yaa naveen siddhantancha vikas asha kalat keela jyamadhye tyanni hrudayachya aniyamitatecha anubhav ghetala, swapne aanee nairashyache kalkhand aswasth kele, eka 'neurasthenia' joou tyanni 1896 madhye tyanchya vadilanchya mrutyushi jodala aanee jyamule tyanchi swatachi swapne aanee balpanichya aathvaninche 'aatm-vishleshan' jhaale. tyachya vadilanprati asalelya shatrutvachya bhavna aanee tyachya aaichya prembhavabaddalachya shatrutvapurna matsaramule tyane majjatantuchya utpattichya tyachya siddhantat moolbhut sudharana karnyas pravrutt kele.
tyachya suruvatichya vaidyakeey karyavar aadharit, friedney asey gruheet dharale qee balpanatil laingik chhalachya beshuddha aathvani hii manovikrutisathi (unmad aanee obsessional neurosis) aavashyak purv aut hotee, jeey aata friedcha pralobhan siddhant mhanoon olakhale jaate. tyachya aatm-vishleshanachya prakashat, friedney haah siddhant sodoon deela qee pratyek neurosischa shodh baal laingik shoshanachya parinamanmadhye lavala jaau shakato, aata assa yuktivad keela qee baal laingik paristhitiche ajunahi eka karak karya hote, parantu teey vastavik hote qee kalpanik hote yane kahee farak padat nahee aanee donhi babatit, teey dadapalelya aathvani mhanoon kaam kartanach rogkarak banale.
serve majjatantu kasha prakare udbhavtat yache samanya spashtikaran mhanoon, serve majjatantu heey swayatt baal laingikateche anuman lavtat, heey, shishu laingik aaghat yaa siddhantatun jhalele heey sankraman, friedchya nantarchya edipus sankulachya siddhantachya nirmitisathi aadhar pradan karate.
friedney tyachya vaidyakeey paddhatichya utkrantiche varnan kele aanee 1895 madhye prakashit jhalelya (joseph bruers saha-lekhak) 'histeeriyavarchya abhyas' madhye, anek prakarananchya itihasat pratyakshik kelelya hysteriachya manojanya utpatticha tyacha siddhant mandala. 1899 madhye, tyanni 'swapnancha arth lavane' prakashit kele, jyamadhye vidyaman siddhantachya samikshatmak punaravalokanantar, fried 'swapnatil kaam' chya dadapshahi aanee sensorshipchya adheen asalelya ichcha-purtatechya sandarbhat tyanchya swatachya aanee tyanchya rugnanchya swapnanche tapshilvar arth lavtat. tyanantar too mansik sanrachaneche (beshuddha, purv-jagruk aanee jagruk) saiddhantik model tharvato jyavar haah ahwal aadharit aahe. aun dreams' hii eka sankshipt aavrutti 1901 madhye prakashit jhaali. jyaa kamanmule tyanna adhik samanya vachak midale, tyaa kamanmadhye friedney 'dainandin jivanache manovikrutishastra' (1901) aanee 'vinod aanee tyancha beshuddha lokanshi asalela sambandh' (1905) yaa vaidyakeey mandanibaher tyanche siddhant lagoo kele. 1905 madhye prakashit jhalelya 'laingikatechya siddhantavaril teen nibandhanmadhye', fried yanni tyanchya baal laingikatechya siddhantache tapshilvar varnan kele aahe, jyat tyanchya 'bahuroopi vikrut' swarupanche aanee laingik olakh nirman karnyasathi teey jyaa 'chaal' laa janm detat, tyanchya karyapaddhatiche varnan kele aahe. tyach varshi tyanni 'hysteriachya eka prakaranachya vishleshanacha tukada' prakashit keela, joou tyanchya adhik prasiddha aanee vadgrast prakaran abhyasanpaiki eka banala. dora' prakaran abhyas mhanoon olakhala jaanara, fryedsathi heey eka lakshan mhanoon unmad darshavinare hote aanee eka vaidyakeey ghatana mhanoon sankramanache mahatva samajoon ghenyat tyanche yogdan hote. tyachya itar suruvatichya prakarananchya abhyasanmadhye friedney undaranchya babatit obsessional neurosischya lakshananche aanee lahan kombadyanchya babatit fobiache varnan karnyasathi suruvat kelee.
hastantaran hii eka ashee prakriya aahe jyadvare rugna tyanchya vishleshakanchya bhavna aanee kalpana tyanchya jivanatil mageel aakadyanvarun prapt karatat. hastantaranakade pratham eka khedjanak ghatana mhanoon pahile gele, jee dadapalelya aathvaninchya punarpraptimadhye hastakshep karate aanee rugnanchya vastunishthatet vyatyay aanate, parantu 1912 paryant, friedkade too upcharatmak prakriyecha eka aavashyak bhag mhanoon disu lagla hota.
suruvatiche anuyayi.
1902 madhye, friedla shevati vidyapithache pradhyapak bananyachi tyachi dirghakalin mahatvakanksha lakshat aalee. pradhyapak asadharan' hii padvi, tyala midalelya sanman aanee pratishthesathi, tyaa padala konatehi vetan kinwa adhyapan kartavya naan asalyamule (1920 madhye tyala 'pradhyapak samanya' chaa vardhit darja deela jaeel), phaar mahatvachi hotee. vidyapithacha pathimba asoonahi, tyanchi niyukti rajkiy adhikaanyaanee salag kahee varshant rokhali hotee aanee keval tyanchya eka adhik prabhavshali majee rugna, eka baroness merrie firstell, jyala (asey manale jaate) shikshan mantryala eka maulyavan chitrakala deuun laach dyavi lagali, tichya hastakshepane tee surakshit jhaali.
asha prakare tyanchi pratishtha vadhalyane, friedney tyanchya karyabaddalachya vyakhyananchi niyamit malika suru thewali, jee 1880 chya dashakachya madhyapasoon vienna vidyapithache shikshak mhanoon, teey darr shaniwari sandhyakali vidyapithachya mansopchar chikitsalayatil vyakhyangruhat chhotya prekshakanna dett asat.
1902 chya sharad rutupasoon, friedchya kamat rus dakhavna anek viennes doctoranna manasshastra aanee neuropathologyshy sambandhit muddyanvar charcha karnyasathi darr budhwari dupari tyachya apartmentmadhye bhetanyasathi aamantrit kele gele. yaa gatala budhvarcha manasshastriy samaj ('cycologieshe mitwokes-jesselshaft') asey mhatale jaat asey aanee yamule jaagtik manasshastriy chalvalichi suruvat jhaali.
doctor wilheim steckle yanchya soochanevarun friedney yaa charcha gatachi sthapana kelee. stakelne richard wonn craft-ebingchya netrutvakhali vienna vidyapithat vaidyakshastracha abhyas keela hota. tyache manovishleshanat rupantar heey friedney kelelya yashasvi upcharanmule kinwa 'swapnancha arth' vachalyamule, jyache tyanni nantar vienneschya 'news viner tagblat' yaa dainik vruttapatrat sakaratmak punaravalokan kele, asey vegvegalya prakare shrey dile jaate.
friedney upasthit rahnyasathi aamantrit kelele itar teen mool sadasya, alfried edler, max kahane aanee rudolph reitler heey dekhil doctor hote aanee heey pachahi jann janmane jyoo hote. kahane aanee reitler heey doghehi friedche balpaniche mitra hote. kahane ekach madhyamik shalet shikala hota aanee too aanee reitler doghehi friedsobat vidyapithat gele. tyanni friedchya shaniwari sandhyakali honanya vyakhyananmadhye upasthit rahoon tyachya vikasit hott asalelya kalpananchi mahitee thewali hotee. 1901 madhye, kahane, jyane pratham friedchya kamachi olakh patavali, tyane eka bahya-rugna mansopchar sanstha ughadali hotee, jyache teey vienna yetheel bornmarktmadhye sanchalak hote. tyach varshi, tyanche vaidyakeey pathyapustak, 'vidyarthi aanee practices karananya doctoransathi antargat aushadhachi ruparesha' prakashit jhaale. tyat tyanni friedchya manovishleshak paddhatichi ruparesha dilee. kahanene friedshee sambandh todale aanee 1907 madhye adnyat karananmule budhwari manasshastriy samaj sodala aanee 1923 madhye aatmahatya kelee. 1901 madhye sthapan jhalelya dorothergassemadhye aushnik upchar pradan karananya aasthapaneche reitler sanchalak hote. 1917 madhye tyanche akali nidhan jhaale. suruvatichya fried vartulatil sarvat shaktishali buddhiman manale jaanare edler heey samajvadi hote, jyanni 1898 madhye shivankam vyavasayasathi aarogya pustika lihili hotee. tyanna visheshtah mansopacharshastrachya sambhavya samajik prabhavat rus hota.
max graph, eka viennie sangitshastradnya aanee 'little hans' chey janak, jyanna 1900 madhye pahilyanda friedcha samna karava lagla hota aanee jeey tyachya suruvatichya sthapanenantar lagechach budhvarichya gatat sameel jhaale hote, tyanni samajachya suruvatichya baithakanchya vidhee aanee vatavaranache varnan keleh
1906 paryant, gut sola sadasyanparyant vadhala hota, jyat samoohacha pagari sachiv mhanoon niyukt asalelya oto padasah. tyach varshi, friedney carl gustav jangshi patravyavahar suru keela, joou toparyant shabd-sanghatana aanee galvanic tvacha pratisadat shaikshanikdrushtya prashansit sanshodhak hota aanee zurich vidyapithat vyakhyata hota, jaree ajunahi zurichmadhil burgholzli mansik rugnalayat yujen bluelercha keval sahayyak hota. march 1907 madhye, swees mansopacharatadnya asalele jung aanee ludwig binswanger yanni friedla bhet denyasathi aanee charcha gatala upasthit rahnyasathi viennala pravas keela. tyanantar tyanni jyoorikhmadhye eka lahan manasshastriy gut sthapan keela. 1908 madhye, tyachya vadhatya sansthatmak sthitiche pratibimb mhanoon, budhwari gatala vienna manovishleshak samaj mhanoon punarrachit karnyat aale aanee fried adhyaksh mhanoon, 1910 madhye tyane edlerchya bajoone, tyachya vadhatya gambhir drushtikonas nishprabhavi karnyachya aashene, padd sodale.
pahili mahila sadasya, margaret hilfording, 1910 madhye societymadhye sameel jhaali aanee pudhchya varshi teela tatiana rosenthal aanee sabina spielrain yanni sameel kele jeey russian mansopacharatadnya aanee jyurikh vidyapithachya vaidyakeey shaleche padvidhar hote. tiche shikshan purn honyapurvi, spielerine burgholzli yethe jangchi rugna hotee aanee tyanchya natyache vaidyakeey aanee vaiyaktik tapasheel fried aanee jung yanchyatil vyapak patravyavaharacha vishay banale. donhi mahilanni 1910 madhye sthapan jhalelya russian manovishleshak samajachya karyat mahattvapoorn yogdan dile.
friedche suruvatiche anuyayi 27 april 1908 roji hottel bristol, salzberg yethe pahilyanda aupcharikpane ekatra aale. hii baithak, jee purvalakshi prabhavane pahili aantarrashtriy manovishleshak parishad manali jaat hotee, tee, nantar londonmadhye rahana neurologist ernest johns yanchya soochanevar bolavali gelee, jyanni friedche lekhan shodhun kadhale hote aanee tyanchya vaidyakeey karyat manovishleshak paddhati lagoo karnyas suruvat kelee hotee. johns gelya varshi eka parishadet jangla bhetale hote aanee teey punha jyoorikhmadhye congress aayojit karnyasathi bhetale. johnschya nondinusar, "bavis upasthit hote, jyapaiki ardhe abhyas karnare vishleshak hote kinwa banale hote."johns aanee fried aanee jung sobat asalelya viennies aanee jyurikh tukdyanvyatirikt, jeey manovishleshak chalvalit tyanchya tyanantarchya mahattvasathi upasthit aanee ullekhaneey hote, teey carl abraham aanee berlinche max eatingen, budapestache sander ferenzi aanee newyorkmadheel abraham brill hote.
friedchya kamacha prabhav pudhe nenyasathi congressmadhye mahattvache nirnay ghenyat aale. jangchya sampadkikhali 1909 madhye 'daad jaharbuch phara psychoanalitish end cycopathologish forshungen' heey niyatkalik suru karnyat aale. tyanantar 1910 madhye edler aanee steckle yanni sampadit kelele masik 'zentralblatt phara cycoenalis', 1911 madhye 'imago' yaa niyatkalikane, jeey shreninusar sampadit kelelya sanskrutik aanee sahityik abhyasachya kshetrat manasshastrachya vaparasathi samarpit hote aanee 1913 madhye 'international zeitscrift phara cycoenalis' neey dekhil shreninusar sampadit kele. manasshastradnyanchya aantarrashtriy sanghatanechya yojana aakhanyat aalya aanee 1910 chya neuremberg congressmadhye tyanchi amalbajavani karnyat aalee, jithe friedchya pathimbyane jung yanchi pahile adhyaksh mhanoon nivad karnyat aalee.
ingraji bhashik jagaat manovishleshak hetucha prasar karanyachi tyachi mahatvakanksha pudhe nenyasathi friedney pratibha aanee jonskade valale. salzberg kongresanantar doghannahi viennamadhye aamantrit karnyat aale aanee friedchya kamanche bhashantar adhikar lakshat gheuun kamgaranchya vibhaganishi sahmati jhaali aanee johns, jeey tyaa varshachya uttaradhat torrento vidyapithat padd swikaranar hote, tyanna uttar american shaikshanik aanee vaidyakeey jeevanat frydian kalpanansathi eka vyaspeeth sthapit karnyache kaam denyat aale. johnschya vakilanni september 1909 madhye massatucets warcester yetheel clark vidyapithache adhyaksh stanly holl yanchya nimantranavarun, jung aanee ferenzi yanchyasamvet friedchya united stateschya bheticha marg tayar keela, jithe tyanni manovishleshanavar paach vyakhyane dilee.
jyaa karyakramat friedla manad doctorate pradan karnyat aalee, tyaa karyakramane friedchya karyala pahili sarvajanik manyata dilee aanee prasarmadhyamanchi vyapak ruchi aakarshit kelee. friedchya prekshakanmadhye harvard yetheel majjasanstheche roganche pradhyapak, pratishthit neurologist aanee mansopacharatadnya james jackson putnam yancha samavesh hota, jyanni friedla tyachya deshatoon parat yenyasathi aamantrit kele, jithe tyanni chaar divasanchya kalavadhit vyapak charcha kelee. tyanantarchya kalat, friedchya karyala putnam yanni dilelya sarvajanik samarthanane americetil manovishleshak karanasathi eka mahattvapoorn pragati darshavali. meey 1911 madhye jevha putnam aanee johns yanni american psychoanalytic associationchi sthapana kelee tevha teey anukrame adhyaksh aanee sachiv mhanoon nivadle gele. brilane tyach varshi newyork manovishleshak societychi sthapana kelee. friedchya kamachi tyanchi ingraji bhashantare 1909 pasoon disu lagali.
aay. pii. aii. madhoon rajinama.
friedchya kahee anuyayanni nantar aantarrashtriy manovishleshanatmak sanghatanetun (aay. pii. aii.) maghar ghetali aanee tyanchya swatachya shaala sthapan kelya.
1909 pasoon, neurosisasarkhya vishayanvaril edlerchi matey friedchya matepeksha lakshaniyaritya vegali houu lagali. edlerchi sthitee frydianismshy adhikadhik visangat hott asatana, janewari aanee februwari 1911 madhye viennes manovishleshak samajachya baithakanmadhye tyanchya sambandhit drushtikonanmadhil sangharshanchi malika ghadali. februwari 1911 madhye, tatkalin societyche adhyaksh edler yanni aaplya padacha rajinama deela. yaveli, steckel yanni societychya upadhyakshapadachahi rajinama deela. akheris juuna 1911 madhye edlerne frydian gut purnapane sodala aanee itar nauu sadasyansah swatachi sanstha sthapan kelee jyanni gatatoon rajinama deela hota. yaa naveen rachanela suruvatila 'mukt manovishleshanasathi samaj' asey sambodhale gele hote, parantu lavkarach tyache naav badaloon 'vaiyaktik manasshastrasathi samaj' asey karnyat aale. pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya kalat, adler adhikadhik vaiyaktik manasshastra navachya mansik sthitishi sambandhit jhaala.
1912 madhye, jangane 'wandlungen und simbole dair libido' (1916 madhye 'beshuddhanche manasshastra' mhanoon ingrajimadhye prakashit) prakashit kele jyamule heey spasht hote qee tyachi matey friedchya drushtikonapeksha agadi vegali disha ghet hotee. tyachya pranalila manovishleshanapasun vegale karnyasathi, jangane tyala vishleshanatmak manasshastra asey naav dile. fried aanee jung yanchyatil sambandh antimaritya tutatil assa andaj vartavat, ernest johns yanni manovishleshak chalvalicha saiddhantik susangatata aanee sansthatmak varsa sanrakshit karnyachya jababdarine nishthavantanchi eka gupt samitee sthapan karnyas suruvat kelee. 1912 chya sharad rututil kalat sthapan jhalelya yaa samitimadhye fried, johns, abraham, ferenxi, rank aanee hans sacks yancha samavesh hota. max eatingen 1919 madhye samitimadhye sameel jhaala. pratyek sadasyane itaranshi aaplya matanvar charcha karnyapurvi manovishleshak siddhantachya moolbhut tattvanpasun sarvajanikaritya konatahi marg naan sodanyache vachan dile. yaa vikasanantar, jangane aapale sthan asamarthaneey asalyache olakhale aanee april 1914 madhye 'jaharbach' chey sampadak mhanoon aanee nantar aay. pii. aii. chey adhyaksh mhanoon rajinama deela. tyanantar julaimadhye jyurikh societyne aay. pii. aii. madhoon maghar ghetali.
tyach varshachya uttaradhat, friedney 'german mool pratham' jaharbachmadhye prakashit kele jaat aahe 'yaa shirshakacha eka pepper prakashit keela, jyamadhye manovishleshak chalvalicha janm aanee utkranti aanee tyateel edler aanee jangchya magharbaddal tyanche mutt dile gele.
friedchya aateel vartulatoon antim pakshantar 1924 madhye rankchya 'daad trauma auph berth' chya prakashanantar jhaale, jeey samitichya itar sadasyanni pratyakshat, edipus complexela manovishleshak siddhantacha kendriya siddhant mhanoon sodoon dile. abraham aanee johns heey padavaril adhikadhik aakramak tikakar banale aanee jaree teey aanee fried tyanche jawalche aanee dirghakalin sambandh sampavanyas nakhush hote, taree akheris 1926 madhye jevha padane aay. pii. aii. madheel tyachya adhikrut padancha rajinama deela aanee vienna sodoon parisla nighun gele tevha break aala. samititil tyanchi jaaga annah friedney ghetali. akheris padd united statesmadhye sthayik jhaale jethe tyachya frydian siddhantachya punaravrutticha prabhav aay. pii. aii. chya rudhivadi paddhatimbaddal aswasth asalelya chikitsakanchya naveen pidhivar padala.
prarambhik manovishleshak chalval.
1910 madhye aay. pii. aii. chya sthapanenantar, manovishleshanatmak sanstha, prashikshan sanstha aanee chikitsalayanche aantarrashtriy jaale supratishthit jhaale aanee pahilya mahayuddhachya samaptinantar tyanchya upkramanche samanvay sadhanyasathi aanee vaidyakeey aanee saiddhantik vishayanvaril shodhanibandh sadar karnyasathi eka munch mhanoon dvivarshik parishadanche niyamit velapatrak suru jhaale.
abraham aanee eatingen yanni 1910 madhye berlin manovishleshak samajachi sthapana kelee aanee nantar 1920 madhye berlin manovishleshak sanstha aanee polyclinicchi sthapana kelee. polyclinicchya mofat upchar aanee baal vishleshanachya navkalpanancha aanee berlin sansthechya manovishleshak prashikshanachya mankikaranacha vyapak manovishleshak chalvalivar motha prabhav padala. 1927 madhye, ernst simelane berlinchya bahereel bhagat scloss tegal aarogya kendrachi sthapana kelee, jee sansthatmak chaukatit manovishleshak upchar pradan karnari ashee pahili sanstha aahe. friedney tyachya upkramanna aarthik madat karnyasathi eka nidhi aayojit keela aanee tyacha vastuvisharad mulga ernst yala imaratiche nutanikaran karnyasathi niyukt karnyat aale. aarthik karananmule 1931 madhye teey bund karnyas bhag padale gele.
1910 saalee mosco manasshastriy samaj 1922 saalee russian manasshastriy samaj aanee sanstha banala. friedchya russian anuyayanna tyachya granthachya anuvadancha laabh pahilyanda jhaala, 1904 saalee brilchya ingraji aavruttichya nauu varshanpurvi disalelya 'swapnancha arth lavnyachya' russian bhashantaracha. friedchya kamanchya anuvadanchya prakashanasah tyachya upkramansathi rajya samarthan midvanyat russian sanstha adviteey hotee. 1924 madhye jevha joseph stallin sattet aale tevha pathimba achanak radd karnyat aala, jyanantar vaicharik aadharavar manovishleshanacha nishedh karnyat aala.
1911 madhye american psychoanalytic association sthapan karnyat madat kelyanantar, ernest johns 1913 madhye canadahoon brittenla paratale aanee tyach varshi london psychoanalytic societychi sthapana kelee. 1919 madhye tyanni hii sanstha visarjit kelee aanee jangian anuyayanpasun mukt jhalelya tyachya mukhya sadasyatvasah, british psychoanalytical societychi sthapana kelee, 1944 paryant tyache adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. institute auph psychoanalysischi sthapana 1924 madhye jhaali aanee london clinic auph psychoanalysischi sthapana 1926 madhye jhaali, donhi johnschya sanchalanakhali.
1922 madhye vienna ambulatorium (clinic) chee sthapana karnyat aalee aanee 1924 madhye helen doyshchya sanchalanakhali vienna manovishleshak sansthechi sthapana karnyat aalee. ferenzi yanni 1913 madhye boodepest manovishleshak sanstha aanee 1929 madhye eka chikitsalay sthapan kele.
edolph hitler sattevar aalyanantar berlinmadhun paloon gelelya eatingen yanni switzerland (1919), france (1926), itali (1932), netherlands (1933), norwey (1933) aanee palestine (jerusalem, 1933) yethe manovishleshak sanstha aanee sanstha sthapan kelya. newyork manovishleshak sansthechi sthapana 1931 madhye jhaali.
1922chya berlin congressla fried shevatcha upasthit hota. toparyant tyachya karkarograst jabadyavar jhalelya shastrakriyanchya malikemule tyala aavashyak asalelya krutrim upkarnamule tyache bhashan gambhirpane bighadalele hote. tyanni aaplya pramukh anuyayanshi niyamit patravyavaharadvare aanee paripatrak patrandvare aanee gupt samitichya baithakidware ghadamodinchi mahitee thewali, jyasathi teey upasthit rahile.
1927 paryant hii samitee karyarat rahili, toparyant aay. pii. aii. madheel sansthatmak vikas, jase qee aantarrashtriy prashikshan aayogachya sthapanene, manovishleshak siddhant aanee sarav prasaranababatchya chintanvar laksh kendrit kele hote. tathapi, samanya vishleshanachya muddyavar lakshaniy farak rahile-i.eae. manovishleshanatmak prashikshanasathi vaidyakiyadrushtya patra nasalelya umedvaranchi sweekruti. friedney 1926 madhye 'daad kweshchan auph leey analysis' madhye aapala khatala tyachya bajoone mandala. vyavsayik manke aanee khatalyanchya jokhmibaddal chinta vyakt karananya american samajanni (jaree baal vishleshakanna suut dilee gelee asali taree) tyala thaam virodh keela. yaa chinta tyanchya kahee european sahakanyanni dekhil vyakt kelya hotya. akheris, umedvarache nikash nishchit karnyasathi samajala svayatta denyas parvanagi denara karar jhaala.
1930 madhye, friedla manasshastra aanee german sahityik sanskratitil tyachya yogdanachya sanmanarth goethe puraskar midala.
rugna.
friedney tyachya prakarananchya itihasat topananav vaparale. chhadmanamanni olakhale jaanare kahee rugna casily emm hote. (eenaa wonn leiben); dora (ida baur, 1882-1945); fru emee wonn aine. (fanny moser); fraulin elizabeth wonn aar. (elona vees); fraulin catherina (aurelia cronich); fraulin lucie aar.; (herbert graph, 1903-1973); under manus (ernst lanzer, 1878-1914); enos fingi (joshua wilde, 1878-1920); aanee landga manus (sergei pancagef, 1887-1979). itar prasiddha rugnanmadhye brazilcha rajkumar pedro augusto (1866-1934); etch.dii. (1886-1961); emma extein (1865-1924); gustav mahler (1860-1911), jyanchyashi friedcha keval ekach, vistarit sallamasalat hotee; rajkumari merrie bonapart; edith banfield jackson (1895-1977); arther tansley (1871-1955), aanee albert hirst (1887-1974).
karkarog.
februwari 1923 madhye, friedla tyachya tondavar, mothya pramanat dhoomrapan karnyashi sambandhit saumya vaadh, leukoplakia aadhalun aala. suruvatila tyanni heey gupit thewale, parantu april 1923 madhye tyanni ernest johns yanna sangitale qee vaadh kadhoon taknyat aalee aahe. friedney tvacharog tadnya maximilian steinercha sallah ghetala, jyanni tyala dhoomrapan sodanyacha sallah deela, parantu vadhichya gambhiratebaddal khote sangitale, jyamule tyache mahatva qamee jhaale. friedney nantar felix doyshla pahile, jyane pahile qee vaadh karkarogjanya hotee; tyane tantrik nidan epitheliyomaivaji 'eka white leukoplakia' hii saumyokti vaparoon fried mhanoon olakhali. german companyne friedla dhoomrapan sodanyacha aanee vaadh qamee karnyacha sallah deela. friedver marcus hejek yaa gendushastradnyane upchar kele, jyachya kshamatevar tyane purvi prashnachinh upasthit kele hote. hajekne tyachya klinikchya bahyarugna vibhagat anavashyak saundaryaprasadhan shastrakriya kelee. shastrakriyedarmyan aanee nantar friedla raktastrav jhaala aanee too kadachit mrutyupasoon agadi qamee antarane vachala asel. friedney nantar punha german pahile. doychne pahile qee pudhil shastrakriyechi aavashyakta asel, parantu friedla karkarog aahe heey tyane sangitale nahee kaaran friedla aatmahatya karanyachi ichcha asel ashee tyala chinta hotee.
nazivadapasun door raaha.
janewari 1933 madhye nazi pakshane germanyvar taba midavala aanee tyanni jaalalelya aanee nasht kelelya pustakanmadhye friedchi pustake pramukh hotee. friedney ernest jonsla sangitaleh "aapan kitee pragati karat aahot. madhyayugat tyanni mallah jaalun takale asate. aata, teey majhi pustake jaalun samadhani aahet."friedney vadhatya nazi dhokyala qamee lekhane suru thewale aanee 13 march 1938 chya ensclus nantarhi, viennamadhye rahanyacha nirdhar keela, jyamadhye nazi germanyne austriya tabyat ghetala aanee tyanantar hinsak yahudivirodhi udrek jhaala. aantarrashtriy manovishleshanatmak sanghataneche (aay. pii. aii.) tatkalin adhyaksh johns yanni 15 march roji londonhoon pragmarge vienna yethe uddan kele aanee friedla tyache munn badalanyasathi aanee brittenmadhye haddapar karnyasathi tharvile. hii shakyata aanee gestapone annah friedla atak aanee chaukashicha dhakka dilyane shevati friedla austriya sodanyachi vel aalee aahe heey patale. jyaa sthalantar parvangya aavashyak asateel asha sthalantaritanchya pakshachya friedney puravaleli yadee gheuun johns pudhchya aathvadyat londonla ravana jhaale. londonmadhye parat aalyavar, jonsane parvane denyas gatee denyasathi gruhasachiv surr samuel horey yanchyashi asalelya tyachya vaiyaktik olakhicha vapar keela. ekoon satra hote aanee jethe aavashyak asel tethe kamache parvane denyat aale hote. johnsney vaidnyanik vartulanmadhyehi aaplya prabhavacha vapar keela, shahee samajache adhyaksh surr william bragg yanna pararashtra sachiv laurd halifax yanna patra lihinyas pravrutt kele, friedchya vatine berlin aanee viennamadhye rajnaitik dabav lagoo karanyachi vinanti kelee. friedla american mutsadyanchahi pathimba hota, visheshtah tyacha majee rugna aanee francemadhil american rajdoot william bullit. bullitne tumhala savadh kele.ess. rashtradhyaksh roozvelt yanni fryadanna bhedasavana vadhatya dhokyambaddal, parinami viennamadhil american mahavyavasthapak johnn cooper viilii yanni bargase 19 varr niyamit dekhrekh thevanyachi vyavastha kelee. annah friedchya gestapo chaukashidarmyan tyanni durdhvanidware hastakshep keela.
april aanee meey 1938 darmyan viennapasoon prasthan tappyatappyane suru jhaale. friedcha natoo, ernst halberstad aanee friedcha mulga martinchi patni aanee mule eprilmadhye parisla ravana jhaali. friedchi mehuni minnah burnez 5 meey roji londonla, martin fried pudhchya aathvadyat aanee friedchi mulgi mathielde aanee ticha patee robbert hollisher 24 meey roji ravana jhaale.
mahinyachya akheris, friedchya londonla jaanyachya swatachya tayarila sthagiti aalee hotee, nazi adhikadhyanshi vataghati karnyachya kayadeshir aanee aarthikdrushtya khandani prakriyet adakoon padali hotee. naveen nazi rajvatine tethil jyoo loksankhyevar ladalelya niyamannusar, friedchya malmatteche aanee aaypache mukhyalay friedchya gharajaval asalelya malmatteche vyavasthapan karnyasathi 'kommisar' chee niyukti karnyat aalee. friedche june mitra pradhyapak joseph herzig yanchya margdarshanakhali vienna vidyapithat rasayanshastracha abhyas karananya dow. anton sorwald yanna friedchi nemanook karnyat aalee. fryedbaddal adhik jaanun ghenyasathi sowerwaldne tyachi pustake vachali aanee tyachya paristhitibaddal sahanubhooti vyakt kelee. friedchya serve banq khatyancha tapasheel tyachya varishthanna ughad karane aanee aay. pii. aii. chya karyalayanmadhye thevalelya pustakanchya aitihasik granthalayacha naash karanyachi vyavastha karane aavashyak asale taree sowerwaldne tase kele nahee. tyaeivaji, tyane friedchya paradeshi banq khatyanche purave tyachya swatachya surakshitatesathi kadhoon takale aanee austriyan rashtriy granthalayat aay. pii. aii. granthalay sathavanyachi vyavastha kelee, jithe teey yuddhachya shevataparyant rahile.
jaree sowerwaldchya hastakshepamule friedchya ghoshit malmattevaril "reach" uddan karacha aarthik boja qamee jhaala asala, taree aay. pii. aii. chya karjambabat aanee friedchya malkichya puratan vastoonchya maulyavan sankalanababat itar mahattvapoorn shulk aakarle gele. swatachya khatyanmadhye pravesh naan midavata, friedney aaplya french anuyayanpaiki sarvat prasiddha aanee shrimant rajkumari merrie bonapartkade valale, jine teela pathimba denyasathi vienna yethe pravas keela hota aanee tinech aavashyak nidhi upalabdh karoon deela. yamule sowerwaldla fried, tyachi patni martha aanee mulgi annah yanchyasathi aavashyak exit vhisavar swakshari karanyachi mubha midali. teey 4 juuna roji tyanchya gharkam karananya aanee doctors orient expressver viennahoon nighale, dusya divashi parisla pohochale, jithe teey merrie bonapartche pahune mhanoon rahile, ratri londonla jaanyapurvi, 6 juuna roji london victoria sthankavar pohochale.
lavkarach friedla aadaranjali vahanyasathi bolavananyanmadhye salvador dally, stephen zweg, leonard wolf, virginia wolf aanee etch. jee. vihiri. 1936 madhye paradeshi sadasya mhanoon nivadoon aalelya fryedsathi, shahee samajachya pratinidhinni societychya sandesah swatahla sadasyatvasathi swakshari karnyasathi bolavale. vienamadhye sodoon gelelya friedchya chaar vruddha bahininchya bhavitavyabaddal charcha karnyasathi merrie bonapart junachya akheris pohochali. tyanantar tyanna baher padnyasathicha visa midvanyache tiche prayatna ayashasvi jhaale; tyaa sarvanchi nazi chhalchhavyanmadhye hatya karnyat aalee.
1939 chya suruvatila, sowerwald rahasyamay paristhitit londonla aala, jithe too friedcha bhau alekzandarla bhetala. nazi pakshacha adhikari mhanoon kelelya kamansathi 1945 madhye austriyan nyayalayane tyanchyavar khatala chalavala aanee turungat takale. aaplya patnichya yachikevar pratikriya detana, annah friedney yachee pushti karnyasathi lihile qee sowerwaldne "aaplya vadilanche sanrakshn karnyasathi aaplya niyukt aayukt mhanoon aaplya karyalayacha asha prakare vapar keela". tichya hastakshepamule 1947 madhye tyachi turungatoon sutka honyas madat jhaali.
september 1938 madhye 20 mersfield gardensmadhye hampsteadmadhye friedche naveen kautumbik ghar sthapan karnyat aale. friedcha vastuvisharad mulga, ernst yane vijechya liftchya sthapanesah imaratichya badalanchi rachana kelee. friedchya vienna sallagar kholyanche vatavaran aanee drushya chhap nirman karnyasathi abhyas aanee granthalay kshetranchi vyavastha karnyat aalee hotee. tyachya aajarachya antim tappyaparyant too tithe rugnanna pahat rahila. 1938 madhye germanmadhye aanee pudhchya varshi ingerjit prakashit jhalelya 'moses andd monothism' yaa tyanchya shevatchya pustakanvar aanee maranottar prakashit jhalelya 'aaa apoorn' 'aaa outline auph psychoanalysis' varr tyanni kaam kele.
mrutyu.
september 1939chya madhyaparyant, friedchya jabadyachya karkarogamule tyala adhikadhik tivra vedna hott hotya aanee tyala shastrakriyesathi ayogya ghoshit karnyat aale hote. tyane vachalele shevatche pustak, balzackche 'laa peeuu dii chagreen', tyachya swatachya vadhatya ashaktpanavar pratibimb padat hote aanee kahee divasannantar too tyachya doctorkade, mitrakade aanee sahkari nirvasit max shoorkade valala, tyala aathvan karoon dett qee tyanni tyachya aajarachya antim tappyanvar yapurvi charcha kelee hotih "shoor, vel aalee tevha mallah sankatat naan taknyacha aamcha 'karar' tumhala aathavato. aata heey chhalavyatirikt kahee nahee aanee tyala kahee arth nahee."jevha shurne tyala visarale nasalyache uttar dile, tevha fried mhanala," "mea dhanyavad deto", "aanee nantar," "annashi tyavar bolah, aanee jarr teela teey yogya vatale tarr teey sampava"."eenaa friedla tichya vadilancha mrutyu pudhe dhakalayacha hota, parantu shurne teela khatri karoon dilee qee tyala jiwant thevane vyarth aahe; 21 aanee 22 september roji, tyane morpheneche doses dile jyamule 23 september 1939 roji pahate 3 vajata friedcha mrutyu jhaala. tathapi, friedchya shevatchya tasanmadhye tyachya bhoomikebaddal shurne dilelya vividh khatyanmadhil visangati, jyamule friedchya mukhya charitrakaranmadhye visangati nirman jhaali aahe, tyamule pudhil sanshodhan aanee sudharit ahwal jhaala aahe. dow. yanni morphinecha tisra aanee antim doses deela tevha friedchya mrutyushayyepasun shoor anupasthit hota, asey heey soochit karate. annah friedcha sahkari josephine stross yacha 23 september 1939 roji madhyaratri friedcha mrutyu jhaala.
tyachya mrutyunantar teen divasanni, friedchya parthivavar uttar londonmadhil golders green smashanbhumit antyasanskar karnyat aale, jyat harrod haah tyacha mulga ernstchya soochanenusar antyasanskar sanchalak mhanoon kaam karat hota. ernest johns aanee austriyan lekhak stephen zweg yanni antyasanskruti bhashan dile. friedchya rakh nantar smashanbhumichya 'ernest george columberium' madhye thevanyat aalya (fried corner pahaa). friedla merrie bonapartkadun bhet mhanoon midalelya aanee tyane viennamadhil tyachya abhyasat anek varshe thevalelya, dionysian drushyanni rangavalelya, tyacha mulga ernstney tayar kelelya eka seal kelelya pracheen greek bail craterchya aadharastambhavar teey vishranti ghetat. 1951 madhye tyanchi patni martha yanche nidhan jhalyanantar tyanchya asthidekhil kalshat thevalya gelya.
kalpana.
suruvatiche kaam.
friedney 1873 madhye vienna vidyapithat vaidyakshastracha abhyas suru keela. neurophysiological sanshodhanat, visheshtah ealschya laingik shareer rachnashastracha aanee mashanchya majjasansthecha shariravidnyan tapas aanee franz brentanos tattvadnyanacha abhyas karnyachya tyachya swarsyamule, tyala tyacha abhyas purn karnyasathi jawaljawal nauu varshe lagali. aarthik karananmule tyanni neurologymadhye khajgi practicemadhye pravesh keela, emm.dii. vayachya 25 vya varshi 1881 madhye padvi. 1880 chya dashkatil tyanchya pramukh chintanpaiki eka mhanje menduchi shareer rachnashastra, visheshtah medula aublongata. 1891 chya 'jur afasung dair affacian' yaa tyanchya monographs tyanni afeshiyabaddalachya mahattvachya vadavivadanmadhye hastakshep keela, jyamadhye tyanni adnyey hii sandnya tayar kelee aanee majjasansthetil kamataratechya spashtikaranabaddalchya atee sthanvadi drushtikonachya virodhat sallah deela. tyachya samkalin yujen bluelerpramanech, tyane menduchya sanrachaneaivaji menduchya karyavar bharr deela.
fried heey cerebral palsie yaa kshetratil suruvatiche sanshodhak dekhil hote, jyala tevha 'cerebral paralysis' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey. tyanni yaa vishayavar anek vaidyakeey kagadpatre prakashit kelee aanee heey dakhavun dile qee tyaa kalatil itar sanshodhakanni tyachya lakshat yenyachya aanee tyacha abhyas karnyas suruvat honyachya khoop aadhi haah rog astitvat hota. tyane asehi suchavale qee cerebral palsie pahilyanda olakhanara william johnn litil haah manus janmachya velee oxygenchi kamatarata heey eka kaaran asalyache chukiche hote. tyaeivaji, tyanni suchavale qee janmachya velee honari guntagunt heey keval eka lakshan aahe.
friedchya manovishleshanavaril suruvatichya karyacha ugam joseph bruershee jodala jaau shakato. friedney annah ochya prakarnavar upchar karoon manovishleshanatmak paddhaticha shodh lavnyacha marg mokala karnyache shrey bruerla dile. november 1880 madhye, eka atyant buddhiman 21 varshiy mahilevar (bertha pappenheim) upchar karnyasathi, satat khokala aanee matibhramasathi, jyala tyane unmad asalyache nidan kele, bruerla bolavanyat aale. teela aadhalale qee tichya maran pavalelya vadilanche sangopan kartana, teela kahee tatpurati lakshane vikasit jhaali hotee, jyat drushti vikar aanee ardhangvayu aanee avayavanche aakunchan yancha samavesh hota, jyache nidan tyane unmad mhanoonahi kele. lakshane vadhat gelee aanee adhik satatyapurn hott gelee mhanoon bruer jawaljawal darroj tyachya rugnala pahoo lagla aanee tine "anupasthiti" chya sthiteet pravesh kelyache nirikshan kele. tyachya protsahanamule, jevha tine sandhyakali tichya "anupasthiti" chya kalpanik katha sangitalya tevha tichi sthitee sudharali aanee april 1881 paryant tichi bahutek lakshane nahishi jhaali. tyaa mahinyat tichya vadilanchya mrutyunantar tichi sthitee punha khalavali. bruerney nondavale qee kahee lakshane akheris utsfurtapane nighun gelee aanee vishisht lakshanachya ghatanela karanibhoot tharalelya ghatananche smaran karnyasathi teela pravrutt karoon tee purn punarprapti sadhya kelee gelee. bruerchya upcharanantar lagechach yenanya varshanmadhye, anna oo. sharirik lakshane" asalelya "unmad" yaa rognidanasaha teen alpakal sanatoriamadhye ghalavala aanee kahee lekhakanni bruerchya upcharabaddal prakashit kelelya vruttala aavhan dile aahe. richard scuse haah arth lavnyas nakar detat, joou froidian aanee anty-psychoanalytical revisionism yaa donhimadhun udbhavala aahe asey tyanna vatate-revisionism joou bruerchya prakaranachya kathanala avishvasaniy aanee annah ochya tyachya vagnukila avishvasaniy manato. apayash mhanoon.
pralobhan siddhant.
1890 chya dashakachya suruvatila, friedney tyachya 'daab tantra' aanee tyachya navyane vikasit kelelya vishleshanatmak tantradvare sudharit kelelya, bruerney tyala varnan kelelya upcharpaddhativar aadharit upcharpaddhaticha vapar keela. friedchya yaa kalkhandatil nantarchya vruttannusar, tyane yaa prakriyecha vapar kelyamule, 1890 chya dashakachya madhyat tyachya bahutek rugnanni balpanichya laingik shoshanachi nond kelee. yaa vruttantanvar tyancha vishvas hota, jeey tyanni tyanchya pralobhan siddhantacha aadhar mhanoon vaparale, parantu nantar tyancha assa vishvas basala qee tyaa kalpana aahet. tyanni suruvatila heey lahan mulanmadhye honanya hastamaithunachya aathvaninna 'rokhanyache' karya asalyache spasht kele, parantu nantarchya varshant tyanni lihile qee teey laingik aanee vidhvansak swarupachya janmajat prerananpasun udbhavalelya odipal kalpananche pratinidhitva karatat.
ghatananchi dusari aavrutti friedchya prastavavar kendrit aahe qee aktoobar 1895 madhye, tyane aaplya rugnanmadhye asha prakarcha gairvartan pratyakshat aadhalalyache nondavanyapurvi, flycechya patranmadhil, baal laingik shoshanachya beshuddha aathvani yaa mansik vikaranchya mulashi hotya. 1896 chya purvardhat, friedney teen shodhanibandh prakashit kele, jyamule tyacha pralobhan siddhant pudhe aala, jyat tyane mhatale aahe qee tyane tyachya sadhyachya serve rugnanmadhye, balpanatil laingik shoshanachya kholvar dadapalelya aathvani ughad kelya hotya. yaa kagadpatranmadhye, friedney nondavale qee tyachya rugnanna yaa aathvaninchi janivpurvak jaaniv navhati aanee tyamule jarr tyanna unmadjanya lakshane kinwa vedepanache neurosis vhave lagale tarr teey 'beshuddha aathvani' mhanoon upasthit asale pahijet. arbhakanchya laingik shoshanachi' drushye 'punarutpadit karnyasathi rugnanvar lakshaniy dabav aanala gela, jyaa friedla khatri patali hotee qee teey beshuddhavasthet dadapale gele aahet. friedchya vaidyakeey prakriyeche tyanche anubhav pratyaksh laingik shoshanache sanket detat yachee rugnanna samanyatah khatri navhati. tyanni nondavale qee laingik drushyanchya kathit punarutpadanantarhi rugnanni tyanna tyanchya avishvasabaddal thampane aashvasan dile.
tasech tyachya dabav tantrasah, friedchya vaidyakeey prakriyanmadhye vishleshanatmak nishkarsh aanee lakshane pratikatmak arth lavane samavisht hote, jenekarun baal laingik shoshanachya aathvaninna parat shodhata yeil. tyachya siddhantachi shambhar takke pushti karnyachya tyachya davyane tyachya suchavananya tantrandware midavalelya nishkarshanchya vaidhatebaddal tyachya sahakanyanni purvi vyakt kelelya aakshepanna balkati dilee. tyanantar friedney tyacha pralobhan siddhant tyachya nantarchya nishkarshanshi ajunahi susangat aahe qee nahee yabaddal visangati darshavili. unmad rogshastra' chya parishishtat teey mhanaleh 'heey serve kharey aahe [mulanche laingik shoshan], parantu heey lakshat thewale pahije qee mea teey lihile tevha mea majhya vastavikatechya atimulyankanapasun aanee kalpanashaktichya majhya qamee mulyankanapasun adyap swatahla mukt kele navhate. kahee varshannantar friedney tyachya sahakanyacha ferenzicha dawa spashtapane fetalala qee tyachya rugnanchya laingik chhalachya batamya kalpanaivaji vastavik aathvani hotya aanee tyane ferenzila tyachi matey sarvajanik karnyapasoon rokhanyacha prayatna keela. currin ahbel-rappene tichya abhyasat nishkarsh kadhala qee mallah aata vishvas basat naheeh friedney pralobhan siddhant sodala qaa?":" friedney laksh vedhale aanee arbhakachya vivahachya anubhavache swaroop aanee manvi mansavar tyacha kaay parinam hoto yacha tapas suru keela aanee nantar bahutek bhagasathi hii disha sodoon dilee."
koken.
vaidyakeey sanshodhak mhanoon, fried heey uttejak tasech vedanshamak mhanoon kokenche suruvatiche vaparkarte aanee samarthak hote. koken haah anek mansik aanee sharirik samasyanvarcha eka upchar aahe asey tyanche mutt hote aanee 1884 madhye 'koka' vareel tyanchya lekhat tyanni tyachya gunanchi prashansa kelee. 1883 teey 1887 darmyan tyanni vaidyakeey vaparanchi shifaras karnare anek lekh lihile, jyat tyacha avasadarodhi mhanoon vapar karane samavisht aahe. tyachya sanvedanashleshi gunadharmancha shodh ghenyasathi vaidnyanik pradhanya midvanyapasun too agadi qamee velane chukala, jyachi tyala mahitee hotee parantu keval paar kartanach tyacha ullekh keela hota. (vienna yetheel friedsche sahkari carl collar yanna 1884 madhye vaidyakeey sansthela sookshm dolhyanchya shastrakriyesathi kokencha vapar kassa keela jaau shakato heey sangitalyanantar haah sanman midala.) friedney morphinechya vyasanadhinatevar upchar mhanoon kokenchi shifaras kelee. tyane tyacha mitra ernst wonn fleeshel-marxola koken dile hote, jyala shavavichedan kartana swatahla jakhami kelyanantar jhalelya sansargamule jhalelya anek varshanchya vednadayak majjatantuchya vedanepasoon aaram midvanyasathi ghetalelya morpheneche vyasan lagale hote. fleshl-marxo tyachya vyasanadhinatetun barah jhaala assa tyacha dawa akali hota, jaree tyane kadhihi aapali chook asalyache manya kele nahee. fleeshel-marksovmadhye koken cycosische tivra prakaran vikasit jhaale aanee lavkarach morphene vaparnyakade paratale, kahee varshannantar ajunahi asahya vedanene grast houn tyancha mrutyu jhaala.
bhool deuun vaparnyacha haah vapar kokenchya kahee surakshit vaparanpaiki eka asalyache nishpann jhaale aanee vyasan aanee atipramanatil aaharachya batamya jagaat anek thikanahun yeu lagalya, tyamule friedchi vaidyakeey pratishtha kahishi kalankit jhaali. koken prakaran" nantar friedney sarvajanikaritya aushadhachya vaparachi shifaras karane bund kele, parantu 1890 chya dashakachya suruvatila nairashya, ardhashishi aanee anunasik jaljal yasathi 1896 madhye tyacha vapar bund karnyapurvi teey swatah adhunmadhun ghene suru thewale.
beshuddha.
friedchya manachya vruttantat beshuddhatechi sankalpana madhyavarti hotee. fried yancha assa vishvas hota qee kavee aanee vicharvantanna beshuddhanchya astitvachi byanch kalapasoon mahitee hotee, parantu tyanni heey sunishchit kele hote qee tyala manasshastra kshetrat vaidnyanik manyata milel.
fried spashtapane sangato qee tyane pahilyanda tayar keleli beshuddhatechi sankalpana hii dadapshahichya siddhantavar aadharit hotee. tyanni eka asey chakr gruheet dharale jyamadhye kalpana dadapalya jaatat, parantu manat rahatat, chetanepasun door houn tarihi karyarat asatat, nantar kahee vishisht paristhitinmadhye chetanet punha prakat hotat. hii dharana unmad prakarananchya tapasavar aadharit hotee, jyat rugnanmadhil vartanachya asha ghatana ughad jhalya jyaa kalpana kinwa vicharanchya sandarbhavina spasht kelya jaau shakat naheet jyanchi tyanna jaaniv navhati aanee konate vishleshan ughad jhaale teey balpanatil (vastavik kinwa kalpanik) dadapshahi kelelya laingik paristhitishi sambandhit hote. 1915 chya 'dadapshahi' ('manak aavrutti' xiv) yaa tyanchya prabandhatil dadapshahichya sankalpanechya nantarchya punarnirmitimadhye friedney, ekhadya vyaktichya jeevan itihasache ('ahogachya vikasachya darmyan midavalele') utpadan asalelya, vyabhicharavaril sarvatrik varjanashi ('moolatah upasthit') aanee dadapshahishi ('hakalpattinantar') jodalelya prathamik dadapshahishi sambandhit achetanatemadhil farak sadar keela, jyamadhye ekekali jaaniv asaleli ekhadi gosht nakarli jaate kinwa chetanetun kadhoon takali jaate.
aaplya 1915 chya 'daad uncephans' ('standard edition' xiv) yaa peparmadhye tyanni mandalelya achetan mansik prakriyanchya siddhantachya vikas aanee badalanchya tyanchya vruttat, fried yanni vaparlele teen drushtikon olakhatatah gatishil, aarthik aanee bhaugolik.
gatishil drushtikon pratham dadapshahidware beshuddha jhalelya lokanchya sanrachaneshi sambandhit aahe aanee dusare mhanje "sensorship" chee prakriya jee avanchhit, chinta-prerit vichar rakhate. yethe fried unmadavaril upcharanmadhil tyachya suruvatichya vaidyakeey karyatil nirikshane ghet aahe.
aarthik drushtikonatun, dadapun takalelya samgrichya ('laingik aaveganche badal') marganvar laksh kendrit kele jaate, kaaran teey lakshane tayar honyachya aanee jibhechi swapne aanee galatee yasarkhya samanya beshuddha vicharanchya prakriyet guntaguntichya badalanmadhun jaatat. swapnancha arth lavane' aanee 'dainandin jivanache manovikrutishastra' yaa vishayanmadhye friedney tapshilvar shodhalele heey vishay hote.
heey donhi purviche drushtikon achetantevar laksh kendrit karatat kaaran teey chetanet pravesh karnar aahe, tarr bhaugolik drushtikon eka badal darshavito jyamadhye achetanateche pranaligat gunadharm, tyachya vaishishtyapurn prakriya aanee ghanikaran aanee visthapan yasarkhya karya paddhati agrabhagi thevalya jaatat.
hii "pahili sthalakruti" teen pranalincha samavesh asalelya mansik sanrachaneche eka model sadar karateh
tyachya nantarchya karyat, visheshtah 'daad igo andd daad iidii' (1923) madhye, id, igo aanee atee-ahankar yancha samavesh asaleli dusari sthalakruti sadar kelee gelee aahe, jee pahilya varr tyachi jaaga naan gheta adhiropit kelee gelee aahe. beshuddhatechya sankalpanechya yaa nantarchya rachnet aayadimadhye antahpreranecha kinwa preranancha eka satha asato, tyapaiki eka bhag aanuvanshik kinwa janmajat asato, eka bhag dadapala jaato kinwa adhigrahit keela jaato. mhanoon, aarthik drushtikonatun, olakh haah mansik urjecha pramukh srot aahe aanee gatishil drushtikonatun too ahankar aanee atee-ahankarashi sangharsh karato, jeey anuvanshikdrushtya sangayache tarr olakhpatrache vaividhya aahet.
swapne.
friedcha assa vishvas hota qee swapnanche karya mhanje purn jhalelya ichcha mhanoon pratinidhitva karoon zope tikavoon thevane jeey anyatha swapna pahana vyaktila jagrut karel.
friedchya siddhantanusar, dainandin jivanatil dainandin ghatana aanee vicharanmule swapne prerit hotat. jyala fried 'swapna-karya' mhanato, tyaa bhashet bhasheche niyam aanee vastav tattvadvare niyantrit heey 'duyyam prakriya' vichar ('shabd sadarikaran'), anand tattva, ichcha tripti aanee balpanatil dadapalelya laingik paristhitidvare niyantrit achetan vicharanchya ('vastoo sadarikaran') 'prathamik prakriyechya' adheen hotat. nantarchya aanee tyanchyashi jodalele itar dadapshahiche vichar aanee ichcha yanche aswasth karnare swaroop asalyamule, swapna-karya, zope tikavoon thevanyasathi, vikrut, visthapan aanee dadapshahiche vichar sankshepan karoon, eka sensorship karya chalavate.
vaidyakeey vyavasthemadhye, friedney swapnachya abhivyakt aashayala mukt sambandh denyas protsahan dile, jase qee swapnachya kathet varnan kele aahe, tyachya supt aashayavar-dabalelya vicharanvar aanee kalpananvar-aanee swapnatil karyat karyarat asalelya antarnihit yantrana aanee sanrachananvar dekhil vyakhyatmak karya sulabh karnyasathi. friedney swapnanvar tyache saiddhantik karya vikasit kele mhanoon tyane swapnanchya siddhantachya palikade jaaun ichcha-purtata mhanoon swapnanvar bharr deela, "vicharanchya eka vishisht prakaravyatirikt dusare kahee nahee... swapna-karya hetch teey swaroop nirman karate aanee tech swapna pahanyache saar aahe ".
mansik laingik vikas.
friedchya mansik laingik vikasachya siddhantat asey suchavale aahe qee, baal laingikatechya prarambhik bahuroopi vikrutinantar, laingik "chaal" tondawate, guddwar aanee follickchya vishisht vikasatmak tappyanmadhun jaate. jaree heey tappe nantar laingik swarasya aanee kriyakalap qamee honyachya vilamb avasthela (vayachya pachvya teey andaje tarunyaparyant) marg detat, taree teey mothya kinwa qamee pramanat, eka 'vikrut' aanee ubhayalingi avashesh sodoon jaatat jeey praudh jananendriya laingikatechya nirmitidarmyan tikoon rahate. friedney assa yuktivad keela qee neurosis aanee vikrutee yaa tappyanvaril sthirikaran kinwa pratigaman yaa sandarbhat spasht kelee jaau shakate, tarr praudh charitrya aanee sanskrutik sarjansheelata tyanchya vikrut avasheshanche udattikaran sadhya karoo shakate.
friedchya nantarchya edipus sankulachya siddhantachya vikasanantar, haah manak vikasatmak marg, mulachya (kinwa mulichya babatit) napunsakatechya kalpanik dhokyachya (kinwa kalpanik vastusthitichya) antargat, anachar ichchhanchya tyagachya drushtine tayar keela jaato. edipus sankulache vighatan nantar sadhya hote jevha palakanchya aakrutishi mulachi pratispardhi olakh ahankarachya aadarshanchya shant olakhinmadhye rupantarit hote jee samanata aanee farak donhi gruheet dharate aanee dusaryache vegalepana aanee svayatta swikarte.
friedla heey siddha karanyachi aasha hotee qee tyache model sarvatrikpane vaidh hote aanee tulanatmak samagrisathi pracheen pauranik katha aanee samkalin vanshik shastrakade valale, assa yuktivad karat qee totemism aadivasi odipal sangharshachya vidhibaddha adhiniyamache pratibimb aahe.
id, ahankar aanee atee ahankar.
friedney prastavit kele qee manvi manache teen bhag kele jaau shakatatah id, ahankar aanee atee ahankar. friedney 1920 chya nibandhat 'anand tattvanchya palikade' yaa pratimevar charcha kelee aanee 'ahankar aanee olakh' (1923) madhye tyacha purnapane vistar keela, jyamadhye tyane tyachya mageel sthalakrutik yojanela paryay mhanoon teey vikasit kele.eae., janivpurvak, beshuddha aanee purvachetan). id haah manacha achetan bhag aahe joou 'anand tattvavar' karya karato aanee moolbhut aaveg aanee preranancha srot aahe; too tatkal anand aanee samadhan shodhato. friedney kabool kele qee tyane 'id' ('daas ess', 'daad iit') haah shabd george grodekchya lekhanatun vaparla aahe.
atee ahankar haah manacha naitik ghatak aahe. tarkshuddha ahankar haah olakhpatracha avyavharik sukhvad aanee atee-ahankaracha titkach avyavharik naitiktavad yanchyatil santulan sadhanyacha prayatna karato; haah manacha eka bhag aahe joou sahasa vyaktichya krutinmadhye sarvat thet pratibimbit hoto. jevha tyachya kamanmule atibhar padato kinwa dhoka nirman hoto, tevha too nakar, dadapshahi, purvavat karane, susutrikaran aanee visthapan yasah sanrakshn yantrana vaparu shakato. hii sankalpana sahasa 'himkhand model' dware darshavili jaate. heey model janivpurvak aanee beshuddha vicharanchya sambandhat olakh, ahankar aanee atee-ahankarachya bhoomikanche pratinidhitva karate.
friedney ahankar aanee olakh yanchyatil natyachi tulana rathchalak aanee tyachya ghodyanmadhil natyashi keleeh ghode urja aanee chalana detat, tarr rathchalak disha deto.
jeevan aanee mrutyu chalavatat.
friedcha assa vishvas hota qee manvi munn done parasparvirodhi prerananshi nigadit aaheh jivanprerana kinwa kamvasna aanee mrutyuprerana. jaree friedney nantarchi sandnya vaparali nahee, taree jivanpreranela 'eros' aanee mrutyupreranela 'thanatos' asehi mhatale jaat asey; yaa sandarbhat 'thanatos' paul federnane sadar kele hote. friedney asey gruheet dharale qee kamvasna haah mansik urjecha eka prakar aahe jyadvare prakriya, sanrachana aanee vastoo-pratinidhitva guntavale jaate.
anand tattvanchya palikade' (1920) madhye friedney mrutyupreranechya astitvacha andaj lavala. tyacha aadhar eka niyamak tattva hota jyache varnan 'mansik jadatvache tattva', 'nirvan tattva' aanee 'antahpreranechi rudhivad' asey kele gele aahe. tyachi parshvabhoomi friedcha purvicha "vaidnyanik manasshastrasathicha prakalp" hota, jyamadhye tyane mansik upkaran niyantrit karnare tattva mhanje swatahla pramanapasun door karanyachi kinwa tanav shunyavar aananyachi pravrutti ashee vyakhya kelee hotee. friedla tee vyakhya sodoon denyas bhag padale gele hote, kaaran tee keval sarvat moolbhut prakarchya mansik karyasathi pureshi tharali aanee upkaran shoonya tanavachya patalikade valate yaa kalpanechi jaaga tee kiman patalichya tanavachya dishene valate yaa kalpanene ghetali.
friedney pratyakshat mool vyakhya "anand tattvanchya palikade" punha sweekarli, yaveli tee eka vegalya tattvavar lagoo kelee. tyanni thampane sangitale qee kahee prasangi munn tanav door karoo shakate kinwa pratyakshat swatahla namshesh honyachya sthiteet aanoo shakate asey karya karate; yacha mukhya purava mhanje punaravrutti karanyachi sakti astitvat aahe. asha punaravruttichya udaharananmadhye aaghatatmak majjatantunche swapnavat jeevan aanee mulanchya khelacha samavesh hota. punaravruttichya ghatanemadhye, friedla purvichya chhapanvar kaam karnyacha, tyanchyavar prabhutva midvanyacha aanee tyanchyakadun anand midvanyacha eka mansik cull disala, joou eka cull anand tattvapurvi hota parantu tyachya virodhat navhata. tyaa pravruttivyatirikt, eka tattva dekhil karyarat hote jeey anand tattwala virodh karat hote aanee tyamule 'palikade' hote. jarr urjechya kinwa anukulan bandhanat punaravrutti haah aavashyak ghatak asel, tarr jevha too atee lambiparyant vahoon nela jaato tevha too anukulan sodoon denyache aanee purvichya kinwa qamee vikasit jhalelya mansik sthitee punha sthapit karnyache eka sadhan banate. serve punaravrutti hii utsarjanacha eka prakar aahe yaa gruhitkasah hii kalpana ekatra karoon, fried yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee punaravrutti karanyachi sakti hii aitihasikdrushtya adim aanee urjechya ekoon nicharadvare chinhankit keleli sthitee punarsanchayit karnyacha prayatna aaheh mrutyu. asha spashtikaranala kahee vidvananni "aadhyatmik jivashastra" asey sambodhale aahe.
udasinata.
shoke aanee nairashya' yaa tyanchya 1917 chya nibandhat, friedney dukkh, vednadayak parantu jivanacha apariharya bhag aanee 'nairashya', hii tyanchi sandnya, shoke karananyacha gamavalelya vyaktipasoon 'kshay' karnyas rogshastriy nakar denyasathi vegali kelee. friedney assa dawa keela qee, samanya shokamadhye, aatm-sanrakshanache sadhan mhanoon haravalelya vyaktipasoon kamvasna vegale karnyasathi ahankar jababdar asato, parantu "udas" madhye, haravalelya vyaktibaddal purv dvidha manahsthiti heey ghadanyapasun rokhate. friedney gruheet dharale qee, aatmahatya, tivra prakarananmadhye parinami houu shakate, jevha sangharshachya beshuddha bhavna shoke karnanyachya swatachya ahankaraviruddha nirdeshit jhalya.
stritva aanee stree laingikta.
friedche stritvache varnan tyachya mansik vikasachya siddhantavar aadharit aahe kaaran tyat balpanatil aanee balpanatil laingikatechya suruvatichya tappyanpasoon, bahuroopi vikrutee aanee ubhayalingi swabhavadvare darshavilelya asman sankramanacha magova ghetala jaato, jyamule edipus sankulachya kalpanik paristhiti aanee pratispardhi olakh aanee praudh laingiktemadhye mothya pramanat kinwa qamee pramanat tyat badal kele jaatat. mulga aanee mulisathi vegvegale marg aahet jeey napunsakatva sankulachya parinamamule udbhavtat. sharirik farak, ling asane, mulasathi napunsakatechi chinta nirman karate tarr muleela vanchitatechi bhavna jaanavate. mulachya babatit napunsakatva sankul heey odipal tappyacha shevat karate tarr mulisathi teey tyala avkshepit karate.
mulichya kamuk bhavna aanee kalpananmadhye adthala nirman hone aanee tee aaipasoon vadilankade valane hii eka asman aanee anishchit prakriya aahe, jyat 'dadapshahichya laata' yetat. friedchya matey, samanya parinam mhanje, yonimarg laingik sanvedanshilatecha "naveen agraganya kshetra" banat aahe, jyamule purviche prabal bhagdwar visthapit hote, jyachya follick gunadharmanni mulachya prarambhik laingik jeevanat teey lingapasoon vegale karata yet nahee. yamule mulisathi lingachi matsar aanee bhavnik dvidha manahsthiticha varsa urato, joou 'stritvachya saranshi jawalun sambandhit hota' aanee 'mahilanchya majjatantu vikar aanee visheshtah unmadakade adhik laksh vedhoon ghenyakade neto."friedney yaa vishayavaril tyachya shevatchya peparmadhye ashach prakare nishkarsh kadhala aahe qee" stritvacha vikas prarambhik purush kalatil avashisht ghatananmule honanya adthalyanchya samparkat rahato... aapan purush jyala 'mahilancha goodh' mhanato tyacha kahee bhag kadachit mahilanchya jivanatil ubhayalingitechya yaa abhivyaktitun aala asava."
stritvavaril manovishleshanatil pahila vaad suru kartana, berlin manovishleshak sanstheche carren horney yanni friedchya stritvachya vruttala aavhan denyasathi suruvat kelee. stritva napunsakta sankul aanee shishna irshya yaa friedchya siddhantanna nakarat, horney prathamik stritva aanee shishna irshya haah friedchya matey jaivik vishamatachya vastusthiti kinwa "dukhapati" pasoon udbhavanyaivaji bachavatmak rachana mhanoon yuktivad keela. horneyla melani clain aanee ernest johns yancha prabhavshali pathimba hota, jyanni friedchya bhoomikevar teeka kartana 'falocentrism' haah shabd tayar keela.
yaa tikela virodh kartana, strivadi vidwan jackwellin rose yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee, teey friedney dilelya lekhapeksha stree laingik vikasachya adhik pramanatmak vruttantala purvgrahane gruheet dharate. teela asey aadhalale aahe qee fried lahan mulachya sharirshastrasamor tichya 'heenata' kinwa 'dukhapati' neey adakalelya chhotya mulichya varnanapasun tyachya nantarchya lekhnamadhye eka varnanakade valala aahe jyamadhye 'strilingi' honyachya prakriyeche tichya purvichya mansik aanee laingik jivanachya guntaguntisathi 'dukhapat' kinwa 'aapatti' mhanoon spashtapane varnan kele aahe.
stree laingikatecha 'kaala khand' aanee stritvache 'kode' asey tyanni jyache varnan kele aahe, tyaa charchedarmyan fried tyanchya nishkarshanchi 'sarasari vaidhata' aanee tatpuratya swarupavar jore detana savadh hote. matra, tyachya tikakaranna uttar detana tyane tumchya sarvanvar thaam aakshep ghetala... mansik kaay aahe aanee jaivik kaay aahe yaat tumhi adhik spashtapane farak karat nahee..."
dharm.
friedney ekeshvarvadi dewala eka shaktishali, alaukik palak kutumbachya navjat bhavnik garjevar aadharit eka bhram manale. aadhunik kalat sanskratichya suruvatichya tappyat manvi hinsak swabhawala rokhanyasathi aavashyak asalela dharm haah tark aanee vidnyanachya bajoone bajula thewala jaau shakato, asey tyanni sangitale. "obsessive action andd religious practices" (1907) madhye shraddha (dharmik shraddha) aanee majjatantusambandhichi aavad yanchyatil samanata namood kelee aahe. "totem andd tabu" (1913) madhye assa prastav aahe qee samaj aanee dharmachi suruvat shaktishali pitrutvachya vyaktimatvachya pitruhatyepasun aanee khanyapasun hote, jee nantar eka aadaraniy samoohik smrutee banate. heey yuktivad 'future auph aaa illusion' (1927) madhye pudhe vikasit kele gele, jyamadhye fried assa yuktivad karatat qee dharmik shraddheche karya mansik santvan aahe. jyapramane maranottar jivanatil vishvas manushyachya mrutyuchya bhitiviruddha bachav mhanoon kaam karato, tyach prakare alaukik sanrakshakanvaril vishvas manushyachya "nisargachya bheeti" viruddha bachav mhanoon kaam karato assa tyancha yuktivad aahe. yaa granthachi mukhya kalpana ashee aahe qee dharmik shraddha hii tichya samajatil karyadvare spasht kelee jaau shakate, satyashi asalelya sambandhadvare nahee. sanskruti aanee tiche asantosh' (1930) chya pahilya bhagat, teey sampoornata, amaratva aanee shashvatata (tyacha mitra roman rolandne tyachya nidarshanas aanoon dilelya) yaa 'sagari bhavnanna' dharmik bhavanancha sambhavya srot manatat. too nondavato qee tyala swatah yaa bhavanecha konatahi anubhav nahee aanee too suchavato qee hii chetanechya sthiteet pratigaman aahe jee ahankarane swatah laa vastoo aanee itaranchya jagapasoon vegale karnyapurvi aahe. "moses aanee ekeshwarvad" (1937) asey suchavate qee moses heey aadivasi palak kutumb hote, jyanna jyoo lokanni thaar marle, jyanni tyanchya ekeshvarvadi jyoodvadachya sthapanesathi anukool pratikriya nirman karoon pitruhatyecha manasikdrushtya samna keela; tyachpramane, tyanni pavitra samudayachya roman catholic vidhinche varnan pavitra pityachi hatya aanee tyanna grasanyacha sanskrutik purava mhanoon kele.
shivay, tyanni dharmala, tyachya hinsacharachya dadpanasah, samajik aanee vaiyaktik, sarvajanik aanee khajgi, eros aanee thanatos yanchyatil sangharsh, jeevan aanee mrutyuchya shaktincha madhyasth mhanoon pahile. nantarchya granthanmadhye sanskratichya bhavishyabaddal friedcha nirashavad darshavila gela aahe, jyachi tyanni 'sanskruti aanee tiche asantosh' yaa 1931 chya aavruttit nond kelee hotee. humphrey skelton yanni friedchya jaagtik drushtikonache varnan 'sthir manavtavad' asey kele aahe. manavtavadi varsa prakalpane dharm samajoon ghenyachya tyanchya yogdanacha saransh asey mhatleh
paach varshanchya mulamadhye bhitiche vishleshan" yaa tyanchya 1909 chya granthachya eka padatipamadhye friedney asey siddha kele qee, jevha tyanna sunta jhaali tevha sunnati naan jhalelya lokanmadhye napunsakatvachi sarvatrik bheeti nirman jhaali aanee heey "yahudivirodhi vruttiche sarvat khol achetan mool" hote.
varsa.
friedcha varsa, jaree vadache eka atyant vadgrast kshetra asale taree, tyache moolyankan "visavya shatkatil vicharanvar sarvat majboot prabhavanpaiki eka, tyacha prabhav keval darwinwad aanee marksvadashi tulana karata yeto", asey kele gele aahe, jyachya prabhavachi vyapti "sanskratichya serve kshetranmadhye" vyapali aahe... joparyant aapali jivanshaili aanee manushyachi sankalpana badalanyasathi."
mansopchar.
jaree vaiyaktik maukhik mansopchar paddhatichi hii pahili paddhat nasali taree, visavya shatkachya suruvatipasun friedchi mansopchar pranali yaa kshetrat varchasva gajavoo lagali, jyamule nantarchya anek prakarancha aadhar banala. yaa pranalinni vegvegale siddhant aanee tantre sweekarli asali taree, sarvanni rugnanna tyanchya adchanimbaddal bolvoon mansik aanee vartanukitil badal sadhya karnyacha prayatna karoon friedche anusaran kele aahe. jaree jagachya kahee bhaganmadhye, visheshtah lattin americet, 20vya shatkachya uttaradhat tyacha prabhav lakshaniyaritya vadhala asala, taree, manovishleshan heey purvi europe aanee americet hote titke prabhavi nahee. manochikitsanchya anek samkalin shalanmadhye dekhil manovishleshan prabhavi rahile aahe aanee yamule shalanmadhye aanee kutumbe aanee gatansah navinyapurn upcharatmak karya jhaale aahe. sanshodhanacha eka motha bhag aahe joou manasshastriy vikaranchya vistrut shrenivar upchar karnyasathi manovishleshan aanee sambandhit manogatik upcharanchya vaidyakeey paddhatinchi parinamkarakta darshavito.
alfried edler, oto rank, carren horney, harry stack sullivan aanee erich frome yancha samavesh asalelya nava-frudians yaa gatane froidcha sahajsiddhicha siddhant nakarla, paraspar sambandh aanee aatm-drudhatevar bharr deela aanee upcharatmak saravat badal kele jyamule heey saiddhantik badal pratibimbit jhaale. adlerne yaa drushtikonacha ugam keela, jaree tyacha prabhav tyachya kalpana paddhatshirpane tayar karnyat asamarthatemule apratyaksh hota. nava-frudian vishleshanat rugnachya vishleshkashi asalelya sambandhanvar adhik bharr deela jaato aanee beshuddha vyaktichya shodhavar qamee bharr deela jaato.
carl jangcha assa vishvas hota qee samoohik achetan, jeey vaishvik kram aanee manvi prajatincha itihas pratibimbit karate, haah manacha sarvat mahattvacha bhag aahe. tyat pracheen prakar aahet, jeey swapnanmadhye disana chinhanmadhye, manachya ashant avasthanmadhye aanee sanskratichya vividh utpadananmadhye prakat hotat. jangian lokanna vyaktichya vegvegalya bhaganmadhil ektrikaranapeksha balvikas aanee ichcha aanee tyanna nirash karananya shaktinmadhil mansik sangharshat qamee rus asato. asha vibhajananmadhye sudharana karane haah jangian upcharpaddhaticha uddesh hota. jangane visheshtah madhyam aanee nantarchya jivanatil samasyanvar laksh kendrit kele. lokanna enema (purushacha dabalela stree swabhav), vaimansya (stricha dabalela purush swabhav) kinwa chhaya (eka nikrusht aatm-pratima) yasarkhya swatachya vibhajit pailuncha anubhav ghenyas anumati dene aanee tyadvare shahanpan prapt karane haah tyancha uddesh hota.
jacks lacan yanni bhashashastra aanee sahityachya madhyamatoon manovishleshanakade vatchal kelee. lackencha assa vishvas hota qee friedche bahutek aavashyak kaam 1905 purvi kele gele hote aanee teey swapne, majjatantuchi lakshane aanee slipschya vyakhyeshi sambandhit hote, jeey bhasha samajoon ghenyachya krantikari paddhativar aanee anubhav aanee vyaktinishthateshi asalelya sambandhavar aadharit hote aanee ahankar manasshastra aanee object relations siddhant heey friedchya kamachya chukichya vachanavar aadharit hote. lakansathi, manvi anubhavache nirdharak pariman heey swatahsathi (ahankar manashastrapramane) kinwa itaranshi asalele sambandh (object relation siddhantapramane) navhe tarr bhasha aahe. lackenne ichchela garajepeksha adhik mahattvache manale aanee tee apariharyapane apatra manali.
wilheim reich yanni asha kalpana vikasit kelya jyaa friedney tyachya manovishleshak tapasachya suruvatila vikasit kelya hotya parantu nantar tyaa mage ghetalya pann shevati tyaa kadhihi nakarlya gelya naheet. hii vastavik neurosischi sankalpana aanee kamvasna qamee honyachya kalpanevar aadharit chintecha siddhant hota. friedchya mool drushtikonatun, ekhadya vyaktiche ('vastavik') kharokhar kaay jhaale heey parinami majjatantu vikar nirdharit karate. friedney hii kalpana arbhakansathi aanee praudhansathi lagoo kelee. aadhichya prakaranat, nantarchya majjatantuchya aanee nantarchya apoorn laingik muktatechi karane mhanoon pralobhan magitale gele. friedchya ulat, vastavik anubhav, visheshtah laingik anubhav, haah mahattvacha aahe, hii kalpana reikne kayam thewali. 1920 chya dashkaparyant, ritch yanni laingik muktatebaddal friedchya mool kalpana nirogi karyache nikash mhanoon bhavodrek nirdisht karnyachya tappyavar ghetalya hotya."ritch charitravishayichya tyanchya kalpana asha swarupat vikasit karat hote, jeey nantar aakar ghetil, pratham" "snayu kavach" "mhanoon aanee akheris sarvatrik jaivik urjecha transducer," "orgon" "mhanoon"."
fritz pearles, jyane gestalt therapy vikasit karnyas madat kelee, tyachyavar reach, jung aanee fried yancha prabhav hota. gestalt therapichi mukhya kalpana ashee aahe qee friedney jagrutichya sanrachanekade durlaksh kele, "eka sakriy prakriya jee sanghatit arthpurn sampoorn utpadanachya nirmitichya dishene jaate... ekhada jeev aanee tyache vatavaran yanchyatil."heey sampoorn, jyala" "gestalts" mhanatat, teey "" vichar, bhavna aanee kriyakalap yaa jivanchya karyachya serve starancha samavesh asalele namune aahet "."majjatantusansarg haah garbhpatalanchya nirmititil vibhajan mhanoon aanee chinta haah tyachya sarjansheel ekatmatechya dishene sangharshachi jaaniv karnara jeev mhanoon pahila jaato."gestalt therapy rugnanna" tatkal jivanchya garajanchya samparkat thevun barey karnyacha prayatna karate."pearlsney shastriy manovishleshanacha shabdik drushtikon nakarla; gestalt therapimadhye bolane heey aatmadnyan midvanyaivaji aatm-abhivyakticha uddesh sadhya karate. gestalt therapy sahasa dirghkal pasarnyaivaji gatanmadhye aanee kendrit "karyashalanmadhye" hote; tee samudayik jivanachya naveen prakaranmadhye vistarit kelee gelee aahe.
arther janovchi prathamik upcharpaddhati, jee froidian nantarchi prabhavi manasopacharpaddhati aahe, tee balpanichya anubhavavar bharr detana manovishleshak upcharpaddhatisarkhich aahe, parantu tyasobat tyatahi farak aahe. janovcha siddhant friedchya vastavik neurosischya suruvatichya kalpanesarkha asala taree tyachyakade gatishil manasshastra nahee tarr reach kinwa parlsarkhe nisarg manasshastra aahe, jyamadhye garaj prathamik aahe tarr ichcha vyutpann aahe aanee jevha garaj purn hote tevha tee vitarit kelee jaau shakate. friedchya kalpananshi prushthbhagavar samya asoonahi, janovchya siddhantat suptavasthetil aanee baal laingiktevaril vishvasabaddal katekorpane mansik nondicha abhav aahe. fryedsathi dhokadayak paristhiticha eka padanukram hota, tarr janovhasathi mulachya aayushyatil pramukh ghatana mhanje palakanna tee aavadat nahee yachee jaaniv. janovne 'daad primal scream' (1970) madhye lihile aahe qee primal therapy kahee prakare friedchya suruvatichya kalpana aanee tantrankade parat aalee aahe.
daad brair too heal' (1988) chey saha-lekhak elen baas aanee laura davis yanche varnan frederickchya chamoodware 'champian auph survivourship' mhanoon kele gele aahe, jeey friedla tyanchyavar mukhya prabhav manatat, jaree tyanchya matey teey abhijat manovishleshanasathi navhe tarr 'purv-manovikruti fried' sathee runee aahet... jyachya manat tyachya unmadgrast rugnanvar dayaa aalee asey manale jaate, tyanna aadhalale qee tyaa sarvanmadhye suruvatichya atyacharachya aathvani aahet... aanee tyanchya dadapshahicha bhang karoon tyanna barey kele."karmchari friedla" "lakshanvidnyan aanee sharirachya eka kinwa dusya kshetrachya akali uttejanamadhil yantrik kaaran aanee parinam sambandhanvar bharr deuun" aanee rugnachya lakshananshi laingik samamiteey 'smrutishi vishayanurup julavun ghenyachya tyachya tantrat agraganya mhanoon punarprapt smrutee halchalicha andaj ghet asalyache pahatat ". karmchanyancha assa vishvas aahe qee suruvatichya aathvaninchya achook smaranavaril friedchya vishvasamule lenor tair sarkhya punarprapt smrutee chikitsakanchya siddhantancha andaj lagato, jyamule tyanchya matey lokanna chukichya paddhatine turungat takale gele aahe kinwa khatalyat sahbhagi kele gele aahe.
vidnyan.
friedchya siddhantanchi anubhavjanya chachani ghenyasathi tayar kelelya sanshodhan prakalpanmule yaa vishayavar eka vishal sahitya nirman jhaale aahe. american manasshastradnyanni 1930 chya sumaras prayogik prayogshalet dadapshahicha abhyas karnyacha prayatna suru keela. 1934 madhye, jevha manasshastradnya saul rosenzweg yanni dadapshahicha abhyas karnyachya friedchya prayatnanchi punarmudran pathavali, tevha friedney eka nakarnare patra pathavun pratisad deela, jyat mhatale hote qee jyaa manovishleshak davyanvar aadharit hote tyaa "vishvasarh nirikshanachi sampatti" tyanna "prayogik padtalanipasun swatantra banavali."simore fisher aanee roser pii. 1977 madhye greenbergney assa nishkarsh kadhala qee friedchya kahee sankalpananna anubhavjanya puravyandvare samarthan dile gele aahe. tyanchya sanshodhan sahityachya vishleshanane friedchya maukhik aanee guddwar vyaktimatva nakshatranchya sankalpananche samarthan kele, purush vyaktimatvachya karyapranalichya kahee pailunmadhye odipal ghatakanchya bhoomikebaddalche tyanche vrutt, purushanchya vyaktimatva arthvyavasthechya tulanet mahilanmadhil prem gamavanyabaddal tulanene jaast chintebaddalche tyanche sootra aanee samalingi chintechya uttejak parinamambaddalache tyanche mutt paranoid bhram tayar honyavar. tyanna samalingi sambandhanchya vikasabaddal friedchya siddhantanna maryadit aanee sandigdha samarthan dekhil midale. tyanna aadhalale qee friedchya itar anek siddhantanna, jyat pramukhyane gupt, beshuddha ichcha aanee mahilanchya manogatikshastrabaddalcha tyanchya kahee matambaddalachya swapnanche chitran samavisht aahe, teey ektar sanshodhanadvare samarthit kinwa virodhabhasi navhate. 1996 madhye punha samasyancha aadhava ghet tyanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee friedchya karyashi sambandhit barich prayogik mahitee astitvat aahe aanee tyachya kahee pramukh kalpana aanee siddhantanna samarthan dete.
itar drushtikonanmadhye hans isenak yancha samavesh aahe, jyanni 'frydian samrajyacha hasad aanee patan' (1985) madhye lihile aahe qee friedney manasshastra aanee mansopacharshastracha abhyas 'pannas varshe kinwa tyahoon adhik kaal mage takala' aanee malcum mcmillan, jyanni 'fried moolyankan' (1991) madhye nishkarsh kadhala qee 'friedchi paddhat mansik prakriyambaddal vastunishtha mahitee denyas saksham nahee. mauris eagle mhanato qee heey agadi nirnayakpane siddha jhaale aahe qee vaidyakeey paristhititun prapt jhalelya vaidyakeey mahitichya dnyanshastriy dooshit sthitimule, asha mahitiche manovishleshak gruhitkanchya chachanimadhye sanshayaspad sambhavya moolya aahe. richard websterne 'fried qaa chukiche hote' (1995) yaa pustakat, manovishleshan heey kadachit itihasatil sarvat guntaguntiche aanee yashasvi chhadmavidnyan asalyache varnan kele aahe. manovishleshanat konatehi vaidnyanik kinwa upcharatmak guna naheet asey karmchanyanche mutt aahe. shikago vidyapithache sanshodhan sahyogi curt jacobson yaa tikakaranna tyanche swatache manalya jaananya hathdharmi aanee aitihasikdrushtya bholepanache vichar, yaa donhisathi, manovishleshan aanee vidnyanache swaroop, yaa donhinsathi, fatkartat.
aay.buub. cohain friedchya 'swapnancha arth lavane' heey vidnyanache krantikari karya manato, jeey pustakachya swarupat prakashit honare asey shevatche karya aahe.
yaulat, allon hobsoncha assa vishvas aahe qee jevha menduchya sharirshastracha abhyas keval suru hott hota, tevha 19vya shatkatil alfried morrie aanee markis dii harve dii seent-dennis yansarkhya swapnanchya tapaskartyanna alankarikaritya badnam karoon friedney ardhya shatkasathi vaidnyanik swapnachya siddhantachya vikasat vyatyay aanala. swapna sanshodhak jee. william domhoff yanni frydian swapnacha siddhant manya keela jaat asalyacha vadgrast dawa keela aahe.
serve yogya vaidnyanik siddhant sambhavyatah khote asavet assa yuktivad karnare tatvadnyani carl popper yanni dawa keela qee friedche manovishleshak siddhant khote naan sangata yenyajogya swarupat sadar kele gele aahet, mhanje konatahi prayog tyanna kadhihi chukiche siddha karoo shakat nahee. tatvadnya adolph grunbaum yanni 'daad foundation auph psychoanalysis' (1984) madhye assa yuktivad keela aahe qee popper chukiche hote aanee friedche anek siddhant anubhavjanyadrushtya parikshan karnyayogya aahet, jyachya bhoomikeshi aaysenaksarkhe itar sahmat aahet. tattvadnya rogger scribbon yane 'laingik ichcha' (1986) madhye lihilelya lekhanat, popperche yuktivadahi nakarle, aanee dadapshahichya siddhantakade, jyache parikshan karnyayogya parinam aahet asha frydian siddhantache udaharan mhanoon nirdesh kele. tathapi, 'scribbon' neey assa nishkarsh kadhala qee manovishleshan heey kharokharach vaidnyanik nahee, kaaran tyat rupkavar asvikarya avalambitva samavisht aahe. tattvadnya donald leevi grunbaumshey sahmat aahe qee friedche siddhant khote aahet parantu grunbaumchya yaa yuktivadavar vaad ghalatat qee upcharatmak yash haah keval anubhavjanya aadhar aahe jyavar teey ubhe rahatat kinwa padatat, assa yuktivad karat qee clinical cases samagri vicharat ghetali tarr anubhavjanya puravyanchi eka vistrut shreni jodali jaau shakate.
americetil manovishleshanachya abhyasat, nathan hail yanni 1965-1985 yaa varshanmadhye "manasopacharatil manasshastratil ghasarani" baddal ahwal deela. yaa pravrutticha pathpurava alaan stone nondavalah "shaikshanik manasshastra adhik 'vaidnyanik' aanee mansopchar adhik jaivik hott asatana, manasshastra bajula sarle jaat aahe."paul stepansky yanni manavshastrat manovishleshan prabhavi asalyache namood kartana, tyanni aaplya nishkarshasathi uddhrut kelelya puravyanpaiki," "mothya vidyapithanmadhil manochikitsak adhyakshanchya gair-vishleshanatmak parshvabhoomi" "aanee" "manovishleshak prashikshan ghene nivadana manochikitsak rahivashanchi sankhya qamee hott chalali aahe" ", asey namood kele aahe, qee" "asey aitihasik cull american manasopacharatil manoshleshachya upekshitates pushti detat"."tathapi, 2002 madhye prakashit jhalelya american manasshastradnya aanee manasshastra granthanchya" "samanya manasshastrachya punaravalokanachya" "sarvekshananusar, friedla 20 vya shatkatil tisra sarvadhik uddhrut manasshastradnya mhanoon sthan denyat aale hote. assa dawa dekhil keela jaato qee" "phaar door nasalelya bhootkalatil rudhivadipanachya palikade jaane"... naveen kalpana aanee naveen sanshodhanamule manvyashastrapasun teey majjasanstheparyantchya aanee vishleshanatmak nasalelya upcharansah shejarchya shakhanmadhil manovishleshanatil ruchi tivrapane punha jagrut jhaali aahe.
neuroscientist aanee cycoenalist marqa solms yanni sthapan kelelya neurocycoenalysischy udayonmukh kshetratil sanshodhan, kahee manasshastradnyanni yaa sankalpnevarach teeka kelyane vadgrast tharale aahe. kamvasna, chaal, beshuddhi aanee dadapshahi yasarkhya frydian sankalpananshi sambandhit menduchya sanrachanankade nirdesh karananya frydian siddhantanshi 'neuro-vaidnyanik nishkarsh' vyapakpane susangat asalyacha yuktivad solms aanee tyanchya sahakanyanni keela aahe. friedchya karyala samarthan denanya neuroscientistmadhye david eagleman yancha samavesh aahe, jyancha assa vishvas aahe qee friedney 'menduchya lapalelya avasthancha vichar aanee vartan chalavanyat bhag ghenyachya paddhaticha pahila shodh' deuun manasopacharat 'parivartan kele' aanee nobel paritoshik vijete erich kandel yancha assa yuktivad aahe qee 'manovishleshan ajunahi manachya sarvat susangat aanee bauddhikdrushtya samadhankarak drushtikonache pratinidhitva karate."
tatvadnyan.
manovishleshanala aamulagra aanee puranmatvadi asey donhi asey sambodhale gele aahe. 1940 chya dashkaparyant, european aanee american bauddhik samudayakadun yakade puranmatvadi mhanoon pahile jaau lagale hote. rajkiy davikade asso kinwa ujavikade, manovishleshak chalvalibaheril tikakaranni friedkade eka puranmatvadi mhanoon pahile. fraum yanni assa yuktivad keela hota qee manovishleshak siddhantachya anek pailunni tyanchya 'swatantryachi bheeti' (1942) madhye rajkiy pratikriyechya hitachi purtata kelee, jyaa mulyankanachi pushti ujavya bajuchya sahanubhootishil lekhakanni kelee. (1959) madhye, phillip riffaney friedche chitran eka assa manus mhanoon kele jyane purushanna apariharyapane dukkhi niyaticha sarvottam vapar karnyache aavahan kele aanee tyaa karanastav prashansaneey. 1950 chya dashakat, herbert marcusene 'eros andd civilisation' (1955) madhye froidchya tatkalin prachalit puranmatvadi vyakhyela aavhan dile, tasech 'froid andd daad crisis auph daad culture' aanee norman oo madhye 'leonel trilling' neey aavhan dile. mrutyuviruddha jeevan' (1959) madhye tapkiri. "fried aanee carl marks samaan prashnanna vegvegalya drushtikonatun davya bajoone vishvasarhpane sambodhit karat aahet hii kalpana tayar karnyat 'eros aanee sanskruti' neey madat kelee. mrutyuchya pravruttisarkhe nirashavadi siddhant sodoon dilyabaddal marcusene nava-frudian punarikshanvadavar teeka kelee aanee teey aadarshavadi dishene valavale jaau shakatat assa yuktivad keela. friedchya siddhantanni frankfurt shaala aanee sampoorn aalochanatmak siddhantavar dekhil prabhav padala.
friedchi tulana marxshee kelee gelee aahe, jyanni manasopacharasathi friedche mahatva arthshastrasathi markschya barobarine pahile aanee paul robbinson, jeey friedla eka krantikari mhanoon pahatat, jyanche visavya shatkatil vicharanmadhil yogdan ekonisavya shatkatil markschya yogdananshi tulanatmak aahe. fraum fried, marks aanee einstein yanna "aadhunik yugache shilpkar" mhanatat, parantu marks aanee fried heey titkech mahattvache hote hii kalpana fetalate, assa yuktivad karat qee marks heey aitihasikdrushtya adhik mahattvache aanee eka sookshm vicharvant hote. tathapi, manvi swabhav samajoon ghenyachya paddhati kayamswarupi badalanyache shrey froidla fraum dete. gills deleuse aanee felix gwatari yanni 'anty-odipus' (1972) madhye lihile aahe qee manovishleshan heey russian krantisarkhe aahe kaaran teey jawaljawal suruvatipasunach bhrasht jhaale hote. teey manatat qee yachee suruvat friedchya odipus sankulachya siddhantachya vikasapasoon jhaali, jyala teey aadarshavadi manatat.
jeane-paul sartre yanni friedchya 'astitva aanee shoonya' (1943) madheel beshuddhatechya siddhantavar teeka kelee, jyamadhye assa dawa keela aahe qee chetana moolatah aatm-jagruk aahe. sartre friedchya kahee kalpana tyachya swatachya manvi jivanashi julavun ghenyacha prayatna karatat aanee tyadvare eka 'astitvavadi manovishleshan' vikasit karatat jyamadhye karanatmak shreninchi jaaga teleological shreni ghetat. mauris marleu-ponty friedla ghatanashastrachya purvanirdharitanpaiki eka manatat, tarr theoder doubleu. phenomenologyche sansthapak edmond hasral yanna friedche tatvik viruddha manatat, asey lihitana qee manasshastrachya virodhat hasralche vaad heey manovishleshanaviruddh nirdeshit kele jaau shakale asate. paul rikur, marks aanee nitshe yanchya 'chetaneche khote aanee bhram' ughad kelyabaddal, friedla 'sanshayachya teen guru' paiki eka mhanoon pahato. rikur aanee jurgen habermass yanni" "friedchi hermanutic aavrutti" "tayar karnyas madat kelee aahe, jyane" "manvi kshetrachya vastunishtha, anubhavvadi samajutipasun vyaktiparaktevar aanee vyakhyevar bharr denyakade valanyache sarvat mahattvapoorn purvaj mhanoon dawa keela aahe"."louis althusarne markschya" "capital" "chya punarvyakhyanachya karanastav friedchya atinirdharan sankalpanevar bharr deela". jeane-francois leotardne beshuddhatecha eka siddhant vikasit keela joou friedchya swapnatil karyabaddalachya vruttala ulat karatoh leotardsathi, beshuddha hii eka shakti aahe jichi tivrata ghanikaranapeksha vikrutidvare prakat hote. jackus derida yanna fried heey pashchimatya tattvamimansachya itihasatil eka usheera aalele vyaktimatva aanee nitshe aanee heidegger heey tyachya swatachya kattarpanthi dhoranache purvavarti asey donhi aadhalale aahet.
anek vidwan friedla platochya samantar manatat, asey lihitat qee teey swapnancha jawaljawal samaan siddhant thevatat aanee manvi aatma kinwa vyaktimatvachya tripakshiy sanrachaneche samaan siddhant aahet, jaree aatmyachya bhaganmadhil padanukram jawaljawal ulat asala tarihi. ernest gellner assa yuktivad karatat qee friedche siddhant heey platoche ulat aahet. platone vastav swarupat antarbhut asalela eka padanukram pahila aanee nikash pramanit karnyasathi tyavar avalambun rahila, tarr fried haah eka nisargvadi hota joou asha drushtikonache anusaran karoo shakat navhata. donhi purushanchya siddhantanni manvi manachi rachana aanee samajachi rachana yanchyat samantar rekhatali, parantu platola uchchabhru vargala anuroop asalelya atee-ahankarala balkat karayache hote, tarr friedla ahankarala balkat karayache hote, joou madhyam vargashi sambandhit hota. paul whitz yanni sentchi dakhal ghet, frydian manovishleshanachi tulana thomisamshi kelee aahe. achetan chetanechya' astitvavar thomascha vishvas aanee 'libido' yaa shabdacha aanee sankalpanecha varanvar vapar-kadhikadhi frayadpeksha adhik vishisht arthane, parantu nehmi frydian vaparashi sahmat asalelya paddhatine."whitz suchavato qee friedla kadachit beshuddhatecha tyacha siddhant equinasachi aathvan karoon denara hota yachee jaaniv navhati.
sahitya aanee sahityik teeka.
sigmund friedchya smaranarth' hii kavita british kavee doubleu. etch. audenne tyachya 1940 chya sangrah 'anadar time' madhye lihile aahe. auden yanni friedche varnan, "jyanchyamarfat aapan aapale bhinn jeevan jagato, asha matanche sampoorn vatavaran nirman kele aahe" asey kele aahe."
sahityik samikshak harrold bloomwar friedcha prabhav aahe. camill paglia hichyavar friedchahi prabhav aahe, jyala tee 'nitzche varasdar' aanee sahityatil sarvat mahan laingik manasshastradnyanpaiki eka mhanate, parantu tine tichya 'laingik vyaktimatva' (1990) madheel tyachya karyachi vaidnyanik sthitee nakarli aahe, asey lihitana, 'friedche tyachya uttaradhikarinmadhye konatehi pratispardhi naheet kaaran tyanna vatate qee tyane vidnyan lihile, jevha tyane pratyakshat qalaa lihili."
strivad.
friedchya pratishthetil ghasaraniche kaaran anshatah strivadachya punarujjivanache aahe. simone dii beauvoirne 'daad sekand ling' (1949) madheel astitvavadi drushtikonatun manovishleshanavar teeka kelee aahe, assa yuktivad karat qee friedney purushamadhye eka 'mool shreshthatva' pahile jeey pratyakshat samajikdrushtya prerit aahe. betty friedenne friedver aanee 'daad feminin mystic' (1963) madhye mahilambaddalachya tyachya victorian drushtikonavar teeka kelee aahe. friedchya lingachya matsarachya sankalpanevar kett milletne hallah keela, jyane 'laingik rajkaran' (1970) madhye tyachyavar gondhal aanee nirikshan kelyacha aarop keela. 1968 madhye, yuu. ess.-american strivadi enee koedne tichya nibandhat 'daad myth auph daad veginal orgezam' madhye lihileh 'striyanchya purushanshi asalelya duyyam aanee nikrusht sambandhambaddal friedchya bhavna hotya jyane stree laingiktevaril tyachya siddhantancha aadhar tayar keela. ekada aaplya laingikatechya swarupabaddal kayada tayar kelyanantar, friedney striyanmadhye shitalatachi prachand samasya itakya vichitrapane shodhali nahee. eka thund strisathi tyane shifaras kelela upchar mhanje mansopchar. eka stree mhanoon tichya 'naisargik' bhoomikeshi manasikdrushtya julavun ghenyat tee apayashi tharali hotee."naomi wezstein lihitat qee fried aanee tyachya anuyayanna chukiche vatale qee tyachya" "varshanuvarshe gahan vaidyakeey anubhav" "neey vaidnyanik kathorata vadhavali aahe".
friedver shulamith firestone aanee eeva anjirannihi teeka kelee aahe. daad dialectic auph seeks' (1970) madhye, firestone assa yuktivad karatat qee fried haah eka 'kavee' hota jyane shabdasha satyanaivaji roopak tayar kele; tichya matey, strivadyanpramanech friedney heey olakhale qee laingikta hii aadhunik jivanachi nirnayak samasya aahe, parantu samajik sandarbhakade durlaksh kele aanee samajavar prashna upasthit karnyat too apayashi tharala. firestone friedchya "rupkancha" arth kutumbatil sattechya tathyanchya sandarbhat karato. kalpananchya itihasat' friedla sthan denyacha 'pitrusattak manovrutti' (1970) madhye figures prayatna karatat. juliet michelane 'manovishleshan aanee strivad' (1974) yaa tyachya strivadi tikakaranviruddha friedcha bachav keela, tyanchyavar tyacha chukicha abhyas kelyacha aanee strivadasathichya manovishleshak siddhantachya parinamancha gairsamaj kelyacha aarop keela. michelane lackenshee ingraji bhashik strivadyanchi olakh karoon denyas madat kelee. daad doyers seduction' (1982) madhye jaine gallopne mishelvar teeka kelee aahe. friedchya strivadi charchevar teeka kelyabaddal gallop michelchi prashansa karato parantu teela lacanian siddhantashi upcharancha abhav aadhalato.
kahee french strivadi, tyapaiki julia christeva aanee luce irigare, lackenne arth lavalelya friedchya prabhavakhali aahet. irigare yanni fried aanee lacan yanna eka saiddhantik aavhan dile aahe, tyanchya viruddha tyanchya siddhantancha vapar karoon "saiddhantik purvgrahasathi manovishleshak spashtikaran" mandale aahe. sanskrutik beshuddha vyakti keval purush ling olakhate" assa dawa karnara irigare, yacha "mahilanchya manasshastrachya khatyanvar" kassa parinam hoto yache varnan karato.
manasshastradnya caroll gilligan lihitat qee, "vikasatmak siddhantkaranchi purush pratima sadar karanyachi aanee mahilanna bhitidayak vatanari pratima, kiman frayadparyant parat jaate."jeane piyaje aanee laurence colberg yanchya kamat mahilanchya nyayachya bhavnevar friedchi teeka punha disun yete. gilligan namood karato qee nancy chodoro, friedchya ulat, laingik farkache shrey shareer rachnashastrala dett nahee tarr mulanmadhye prarambhik samajik vatavaran bhinn asate yaa vastusthitila deto. manovidnyanachya purushanishtha purvgrahaviruddha lihitana, chodoro, "friedchya stree manasshastrachya nakaratmak aanee vyutpann varnanachi jaaga tichya swatachya sakaratmak aanee thet vruttasah ghete."
lingsambandhatil dharmavaril friedchya karyachya vishleshanamadhye, judith vanne herikne namood kele qee friedney stritva aanee kamkuvatpanachi sankalpana khristi dharmashi jodali aanee purushatva aanee tyagala jyoodvadashi jodatana tyachi purtata karanyachi ichcha vyakt kelee.
toryl moee yanni manovishleshanavar strivadi drushtikon vikasit keela aahe, jyat asey suchavale aahe qee haah eka assa pravachan aahe joou "teen sarvatrik aaghatanche mansik parinam samajoon ghenyacha prayatna karatoh itar aahet heey tathya, laingik farkachi vastusthiti aanee mrutyuchi vastusthiti". tee friedchya napunsakatvachya sandnyechi jaaga stanly cavelchya 'piditatva' yaa sankalpaneshi ghete, jee donhi linganna samanpane lagoo honari eka adhik sarvatrik sandnya aahe. manvi maryadechi hii sankalpana napunsakatva aanee laingik farak yaa donhinsathi eka yogya paryay mhanoon moee "aaplya vegalya, laingik, nashwar astitvacha aaghatjanak shodh" aanee purush aanee striya doghehi tyachyashi kase julavun ghetat asey manatat.
lokpriy sanskruti.
sigmund fried haah teen pramukh chitrapat kinwa durchitravani malikancha vishay aahe, jyapaiki pahila chitrapat 1962 chaa 'montgomeri clift' hota, jyat friedchi bhoomika hotee, johnn hustonne eka manyata nasalelya jeane-paul sartrene patkathechya punaravalokanatun digdarshit keela hota. haah chitrapat friedchya 1885 teey 1890 yaa suruvatichya jivanavar kendrit aahe aanee tyat friedchya anek prakaranancha abhyas ekach vyaktirekhet aanee tyachya anek mitranna ekach patrat jodanyat aala aahe.
1984 madhye, bii. bii. see. neey sahaa bhaganchi laghu-malika 'fryedh daad life auph aaa dream' tayar kelee, jyat david suchet mukhya bhoomiket hota.
daad tocking cure' heey natyamahal aanee tyanantarcha 'aaa harrangered methad' haah chitrapat fried aanee carl jung yanchyatil sangharshavar laksh kendrit karato. donhi khristofar hamptonne lihilele aahet aanee anshatah johnn kerchya 'aaa most dengerous methad' yaa nonfiction pustakavar aadharit aahet. vigo mortension friedchi bhoomika sakarato aanee michael fassbender jangchi bhoomika sakarato. heey natak purvi naan lihilelya patkatheche punarnirmiti aahe.
kalpanik kathanmadhye friedche adhik kalpanik kaam mhanje nicolaus meyarcha 'saat takke upay', joou fried aanee kalpanik guptaher sherlock homes yanchyatil chakmakivar kendrit aahe, kathankatil mukhya bhagamadhye fried homesla tyachya kokenchya vyasanadhinatevar maat karnyas madat kartana disato. tyachpramane, 2020 chya austriyan-german maliketil 'fried' madhye eka tarun friedcha samavesh aahe joou hatyeche rahasy sodavato. vastavikatah fried haah paranormalbaddal agadi sanshayaspad hota, tevha khyan paranormal shaktinsah eka madhyamane friedla madat kelee hotee, yasathi yaa malikevar teeka kelee gelee aahe. 2006 chya kadambaritil, jaid rubenfeldchya khunacha arth lavana khunache prakaran sodavanyasahi fried madat karato. yaa kadambarimadhye tyachyabarobar carl jung aanee abraham brill aanee itarahi aahet.
marqa seent. germainchya 2009 chya natak 'friedche shevatche satra' madhye see. yanchyatil bhetichi kalpana kelee aahe. ess. dusare mahayuddha suru hott asatana, 1939 madhye, 40 varshiy louis aanee 83 varshiy fried, londonchya hampstead yetheel friedchya gharee. heey natak done purushanvar kendrit aahe jeey dharmachi charcha karatat aanee teey neurosische lakshan mhanoon pahile pahije qee nahee yavar kendrit aahe. heey natak 2003 salchya 'daad kweshchan auph goddah see' yaa gair-kalpanik pustakatoon prerit aahe. ess. levis aanee sigmund fried yanni armond nikolinche dev, prem, ling aanee jivanacha arth yavar vadavivad keela, jyane chaar bhaganchya nonfiction pii. bii. ess. malikelahi prerana dilee. (jaree, ashee konatihi baithak jhaali nahee, juuna flight, joou kishoravayin asatana see. ess. yuddhakalin london havai hallyandarmyan louis aanee tyachya bhavane nantar friedcha natoo clement friedshee lagn kele.)
1983 chya 'lovesic' yaa chitrapatat friedla adhik vinodi prabhavasathi niyukt karnyat aale aahe, jyamadhye elek ginis friedchya bhutachi bhoomika sakarato, joou doodly moorne sakarlelya aadhunik manasopacharatadnyala premacha sallah deto. 1989 chya 'biil andd teds utkrusht sahas' yaa chitrapatat fried dekhil vinodi prakashat sadar karnyat aala aahe. rodd lumisne chitrit kelele fried heey tyanchya hyschool itihas varg sadarikaranat uttirn honyas madat karnyasathi chitrapatachya velechya pravasatil pramukh patranni bharati kelelya anek aitihasik vyaktinpaiki eka aahet.
kaam karate.
manak aavrutti.
"sigmund friedchya sampoorn manasshastriy kamanchi pramanit aavrutti". james stratchichya samanya sampadkikhali, annah friedchya sahkaryane, elix stratchy, allon tyson aanee engela richards yanchya madatine germanmadhun anuvadit. 24 khand, londonh hoggerth press aanee institute auph cyco-analysis, 1953-1974.