
vishvas kayada

trust heey eka kayadeshir naate aahe jyamadhye adhikardharak teey dusya vyaktila kinwa sansthela deto jyane teey fakt dusyachyyaa fayadhyasathi thewale pahije aanee tyacha vapar keela pahije. anglo-american samanya kayadyat, adhikar sopavnanya pakshala "settler" mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyaa pakshala adhikar sopavala jaato tyala "vishvast" mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyaa pakshachya fayadhyasathi malmatta sopavali jaate tyala "labharthi" mhanoon olakhale jaate aanee sopavalelya malmattela swatach "corpus" kinwa "trust property" mhanoon olakhale jaate. vasahatkartyachya mrutyunantar vasahatkartyachya ichchhenusar 'vasiyatnama vishvast' tayar hoto. eka vishvast sadhanadvare vasahatichya aayushyat 'inter vivos trust' tayar keela jaato. ekhada vishvast varg radd karata yenyajoga kinwa aparivartaniy asoo shakato; eka aparivartaniy vishvast varg keval nyayalayin karyavahidvare 'modala jaau shakato' (radd keela jaau shakato).
vishvast haah vishvast malmattecha kayadeshir malak asato, joou vishvast malmattecha nyayya malak (malak) asalelya labharthi kinwa labharthyansathi vishvast mhanoon asato. asha prakare nyayya malakanchya fayadhyasathi vishvastanche vishvast kartavya asate. tyanni vishvastanche utpann aanee kharchacha niyamit hishob deela pahije. vishvastanna bharpai dilee jaau shakate aanee tyanchya kharchachi paratfed kelee jaau shakate. saksham adhikarkshetra asalele nyayalay tyanchya vishvast kartvyache ullanghan karananya vishvastala kadhoon takoo shakate. vishvast kartvyachya kahee ullanghananvar nyayalayat faujdari gunhe mhanoon aarop kele jaau shakatat aanee tyanchyavar khatala chalavala jaau shakato. vishvast hii naisargik vyakti, vyavsayik sanstha kinwa sarvajanik sanstha asoo shakate. united statesmadhil vishvast mandal federal aanee rajya karanchya adheen asoo shakate.
eka vishvast sanstha vasahatdaradvare tayar kelee jaate, joou tyanchya kahee kinwa serve malmattecha haqq vishvastakade hastantarit karato, joou nantar labharthyanchya fayadhyasathi vishvast sansthetil tyaa malmattecha haqq dharan karato. jyaa atinkhali trust tayar karnyat aala hota, tyaa atinnusar trustche niyaman kele jaate. bahutansh adhikarkshetranmadhye, yasathi kararatmak vishvas karar kinwa khat aavashyak asate. ekach vyaktila yapaiki ekapeksha jaast pakshanchi bhoomika swikarane aanee anek vyaktinna ekach bhoomika samayik karane shakya aahe. udaharanarth, jiwant vishvast mandalat anya aakasmik labharthyanchi nave detana anudanak vishvast aanee aajivan labharthi donhi asane samanya aahe.
vishvast mandale roman kalapasoon astitvat aahet aanee malmatta kayadyatil sarvat mahattvachya navkalpananpaiki eka bunley aahet. trust kayada vegvegalya adhikarkshetranmadhye nyayalayachya nirnayandvare vegvegalya prakare vikasit jhaala aahe, mhanoon yaa lekhatil vidhane samanyikaran aahet; tyat samavisht asalelya adhikarkshetra-vishisht prakaran kayada samajoon ghene avghad aahe. kahee yuu.ess. rajya tyanchya vishvast kayadyanche sanhitakaran aanee susanvad sadhanyasathi eksaman vishvast sanhita swikarat aahet, parantu rajya-vishisht bhinnata ajunahi aahet.
malmatta vishvastat thevanara malak tyanchya hakkanchya bandalcha kahee bhag vishvastakade valavato, malmattechi kayadeshir malki aanee niyantran tyachya nyayya malki aanee labhanpasun vegale karato. heey curr karanansathi kinwa vasahatdar anupasthit asalyas, aksham asalyas kinwa mrut asalyas malmatta aanee tichya fayadhyanvar niyantran thevanyasathi kele jaau shakate. mulansathi kinwa itar labharthyansathi paise aanee malmatta kashee hatalali jaeel heey paribhashit karnare vasiyatanamadvare vasiyatnama vishvast sanstha tayar kelya jaau shakatat.
vishvastala vishvast malmattecha kayadeshir haqq deela jaato, tarr swamitva swikartana vishvastala labharthyanna anek vishvast kartavye dyavi lagatat. nishtha, vivek aanee nihpakshapatipana hii prathamik kartavye aahet. vishvastanna tyanchya vartanachi amalbajavani karnyasathi tyanchya vyavharanmadhye atishay uchch darjachi kalji ghetali jaau shakate. labharthyanna tyanche haqq midatil yachee khatri karnyasathi, vishvastanna prathamik kartvyanchya samarthanarth anek sahayyak kartavye paar padavi lagatat, jyat mokalepana aanee pardarshakta aanee nondi thevane, lekha aanee prakatikaran hii kartavye samavisht aahet. yavyatirikt, vishvastala vishvast aanee sambandhit kayadyachya atty jaanun ghene, samajoon ghene aanee tyanche palan karane heey kartavya aahe. vishvastala bharpai dilee jaau shakate aanee kharchanchi paratfed kelee jaau shakate, parantu anyatha vishvast malmattemadhun milanara serve napha parat keela pahije aanee serve praudh labharthyanchya lekhee, spasht parvangishivay vishvast malmattevar karj kinwa jokhimpurvak andaj lavu naye.
hitsambandhanchya sangharshasah vishvastasandarbhat kathor nirbandh aahet. vishvastane tyanchya konatyahi kartvyat apayash aalyache aadhalalyas nyayalaye vishvastanchya krutee ulatavu shakatat, napha parat karnyache aadesh deu shakatat aanee itar nirbandh ladoo shakatat. asey apayash heey vishvasache diwani ullanghan aahe aanee tyaa ullanghanasathi durlaksh kinwa apramanik vishvastavar gambhir jababdanya asoo shakatat. sthayidharak aanee anek prakarananmadhye vishvastanna vishvast karar karnyapurvi kinwa tayar karnyapurvi kayadeshir sallah ghene atyant yogya aahe aanee bekaydeshir chuka talhanyasathi vishvastanni krutee kartana kinwa krutee karane vagalatana khoop kalji ghetali pahije.
itihas.
ingraji samanya kayada.
roman kayadyat vasulindware tayar kelelya "vasiyatnama vishvast" chya sandarbhat vishvast ("phidecomism") chee eka suvikasit sankalpana hotee, parantu nirmata jiwant asatana lagoo honanya "inter vivos" (jiwant) vishvastanchi sankalpana kadhihi vikasit kelee nahee. heey nantarchya samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranni tayar kele hote. 12vya aanee 13vya shatkat dharmayuddhanchya velee englandmadhye vaiyaktik vishvas kayada vikasit jhaala. madhyayugeen ingraji vishvast kayadyat, vasahatila vaparnyasathi 'pheopher' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey, tarr vishvastala vaparnyasathi 'pheophi' mhanoon olakhale jaat asey aanee labharthila 'sestui kyu' vapar kinwa 'sestui kyu' vishvast mhanoon olakhale jaat asey.
tyaveli englandmadhil jaminichi malki saranjami vyavasthevar aadharit hotee. jevha ekhada jamindar dharmayuddhat ladhanyasathi ingland sodoon gela, tevha tyane paratalyavar malki parat kelee jaeel yaa samajavar, tyachya anupasthitit tyane aaplya jaminichi malki malmatta vyavasthapit karnyasathi aanee saranjamdaranchi deyake bharnyasathi aanee prapt karnyasathi sangitali. tathapi, dharmayuddhaviranna anekada paratalyavar malmatta denyas nakar dyava lagla. durdaivane, yaa dharmayoddhyasathi, ingraji samanya kayadyane tyacha dawa manya keela nahee. rajachya darbarancha vichar karata, tee jameen vishvastakade hotee, jyavar tee parat karnyache bandhan navhate. yaa yoddhacha konatahi kayadeshir dawa navhata. tyanantar asantusht yoddha rajala vinanti kareel, joou heey prakaran tyachya swami kulpatikade pathvel. swami kulpati tyachya vivekanusar prakaranacha nirnay gheu shakat hota. yaa velee, samatechya tattvacha janm ingraji kayadyat jhaala. tathapi, samatechi mool kalpana aristotalparyant jaate aanee tyachya naitikatechya 5 vya adhyayat aadhalate. kharey tarr, 13vya shatkatil vidyapithe anekada aristotalchya kamanvar bhashya lihit asat aanee yaa vidyapithannich tyaa kalatil vakilanna janm deela. 
laurd chanceller heey 'aviveki' samajatil qee kayadeshir malak tyachya shabdavar mage jaau shakato aanee yoddhache ('kharaa' malak) dave nakaru shakato. tyamule, tyala paratanaya yoddhachya bajoone vatel. kalantarane, heey dnyat jhaale qee laurd chancellorcha darbar (chancycha darbar) paratanaya yoddhachya davyala satat manyata deil. kayadeshir malak mool malkachya fayadhyasathi jameen dharan karel aanee vinanti kelyavar tee tyala parat denyas bhag padale jaeel. yoddha haah 'labharthi' aanee parichit 'vishvast' hota. jaminicha vapar' haah shabd tayar karnyat aala aanee kalantarane too vikasit jhaala jyala aapan aata 'trust' mhanoon olakhato.
mahatva.
trust heey ingraji kayadeshir vyavastheche sarvat navinyapurn yogdan manale jaate. aaj, bahutek samanya kayada pranalinmadhye vishvast sanstha mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavtat aanee tyanchya yashamule kahee nagri kayadyachya adhikarkshetranni tyanchya nagri sanhitanmadhye vishvast sansthancha samavesh keela aahe. udaharanarth, kurakaomadhye, 1 janewari 2012 roji trust kayadyat lagoo karnyat aala; tathapi, kurakao nagri sanhita keval notaridware sthapan kelelya express trustna parvanagi dete. francene alikadech 2009 madhye sudharit kelelya 'fiducy' saha tyachya swatachya kayadyat asech, roman-kayadyavar aadharit upkaran jodale aahe; trustchya ulat 'fiducy' heey eka kararatmak sambandh aahe. vishvast sanstha aantarrashtriy staravar mothya pramanavar vaparlya jaatat, visheshtah ingraji kayadyachya prabhavkshetratil deshanmadhye aanee bahutek nagri kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye samanyatah tyanchya kayadeshir pranalinmadhye vishvast sanstha hii sankalpana nasate, taree teey vishvastanna lagoo asalelya kayadyavaril aanee tyanchya manyatevaril (anshatah teey tyat pakshakar aahet) hegg convention antargat sankalpana olakhatat. hegg adhiveshan vishvastanchya sangharshache dekhil niyaman karate.
jaree vishvast mandale anekada antargami sampatti hastantaranashi sambandhit asali taree, american bhandavali bajarpethet, visheshtah nivruttivetan nidhi (kahee deshanmadhye nehmi vishvast) aanee mutual fund (anekada vishvast) yanchya madhyamatoon tee khoop mahattvachi bunley aahet.
moolbhut tattve.
konatyahi prakarchi malmatta vishvast mandalat thevata yete. vaiyaktik aanee vyavsayik asha donhi karanansathi vishvast mandalache upayog anek aanee vaividhyapurn aahet aanee vishvast mandale malmatta niyojan, malmatta sanrakshn aanee karanmadhye laabh deu shakatat. ekhadya vyaktichya aayushyat (vishvast sadhan tayar karoon) kinwa mrutyunantar vasuleet jiwant vishvast sanstha tayar kelya jaau shakatat.
sambandhit arthane, vishvastakade mahamandalache eka samanya swaroop mhanoon pahile jaau shakate, jethe sthayik karnare (guntavanukdar) dekhil labharthi asatat. heey visheshtah delaware business trustmadhye spasht aahe, jeey saiddhantikdrushtya, "governing instrument" madheel bhashesah, sahkari mahamandal kinwa maryadit dayitva mahamandal mhanoon sanghatit kele jaau shakate, jaree paramparikpane massatusates business trust samanyatah yuu. ess. madhye vaparla gela aahe. vishvast, anek labharthi aanee tyanchya sambandhit karjdarankadun (visheshtah vishvast karjdar) malmatteche vibhajan aanee sanrakshn karanyachi kshamata, jyamule tee 'diwalkhoripasun door' jaate aanee nivruttivetan, mutual fund aanee malmatta pratibhutikaranat tyacha vapar hoto tasech kharch bachat vishvastadvare vaiyaktik kharchanche sanrakshn hote, haah vishvast mandalacha eka sarvat mahattvacha pailu aahe.
nirmiti.
vishvast mandale vasahatkarachya vyakt kelelya hetundware tayar kelee jaau shakatat, jyanna sansthapak (express trust) asehi mhanatat kinwa teey antarnihit vishvast mandale mhanoon olakhalya jaananya kayadyachya amalbajavanidware tayar kele jaau shakatat. pakshanchya krutyanmule kinwa paristhitimule nyaypithane nirman kelela vishvas haah eka antarbhut vishvas asato. nihit vishvast mandale done prakarat vibhagali jaatatah parinami aanee rachnatmak. parinami vishvas haah kayadyane pakshanchya anumanit hetunvar kaam karnyasathi soochit keela jaato, parantu too tyancha vyakt kelela hetu vicharat ghet nahee. rachnatmak vishvast haah pakshanmadhil nyay nishchit karnyasathi, tyanchya hetuchi parva naan karata, kayadyane soochit kelela vishvast aahe.
vishvast sanstha nirman karnyachya samanya marganmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
kahee adhikarkshetranmadhye, kahee prakarchya malmatta lekhee dastaivajashivay vishvast mandalacha vishay asoo shakat naheet.
aupcharikta.
vishvast mandalachya aavashyak aupcharikta, vicharadhin asalelya vishvast mandalachya prakaravar avalambun asatat.
samanyatah, khajgi express trustla teen ghatak nishchit asane aavashyak asate, jeey ektritpane "teen nishchitata" mhanoon olakhale jaatat. heey ghatak 'nite wii nite' madhye hetu, vishay aanee vastoo mhanoon nirdharit kele gele hote. hetuchi khatri nyayalayala vishvast sanstha nirman karnyasathi vasahatiche kharey kaaran shodhanyas anumati dete. vishay aanee uddishtanchya nishchitata, vishvast tase karnyat ayashasvi jhalyas nyayalayala vishvasache prashasana karnyas anumati detat. vishvast patrat vaparlelya shabdancha arth lavoon nyayalay pureshi khatri aahe qee nahee heey tharavate. yaa shabdancha arth sampoorn vadyachya sandarbhat tyanchya "vajvi arth" madhye vastunishthapane lavala jaato. vishvast vyakt karnyacha hetu avibhajya asala taree, nishchitatechya abhavamule vishvastanna apayashi naan houu denyacha nyayalay prayatna karel.
vishvast.
vishvast mandalache anek vishvast asoo shakatat aanee heey vishvast heey vishvast mandalachya malmatteche kayadeshir malak asatat, parantu labharthyanprati vishvasarh kartavya aanee kalji ghenyache kartavya aanee mahitee denyache kartavya yasarkhi vividh kartavye asatat. vishvastanni yaa kartvyanche palan naan kelyas, tyanna kayadeshir karvaidvare kadhoon takale jaau shakate. vishvast ektar vyakti kinwa kampanisarkhi kayadeshir sanstha asoo shakate, parantu samanyatah vishvast swatah kayadeshir sanstha nasate aanee vishvastasaha sambandhit konatyahi khatalyat vishvastala paksh mhanoon samavisht karane aavashyak asate. vishvastakade anek adhikar aanee jababdanya asatat jyaa adhikarkshetra aanee vishvasachya sadhananusar badaltat. ekhadya vishvastakade vishvast naslyas, nyayalay vishvast niyukt karoo shakate.
vishvast heey vishvast mandalachya vyavhar paricharanche prashasana karatat. vishvast mandalachya kamanmadhye vishvast mandalachya malmattanchi vivekpurnapane guntavanuk karane, labharthyanna niyatkalikpane lekha dene aanee ahwal dene, aavashyak curr vivaranpatra dakhal karane aanee itar shulke yancha samavesh asoo shakato. kahee prakarananmadhye vishvast sadhanavar avalambun, vishvastanni labharthyanna tyanchya fayadhyasathi vishvast malmatta midayala havee qee nahee yabaddal vivekadhin nirnay ghene aavashyak aahe. vishvastala samasyansathi vaiyaktikaritya jababdar dharale jaau shakate, jaree sanchalak aanee adhikadhyanchya dayitva vimyasarkhach vishvast dayitva vima kharedi keela jaau shakato. udaharanarth, malmattechi yogya prakare guntavanuk kelee gelee nahee tarr vishvast jababdar asoo shakato. yavyatirikt, vishvastane napha kamavala asala taree sammati dilee gelee nasali tarihi vishvast tyachya labharthyanna jababdar asoo shakato. tathapi, united statesmadhye, sanchalak aanee adhikadhyanpramanech, eka doshmukti kalam dayitva qamee karoo shakate; jaree heey purvi sarvajanik dhoranachya virodhat asalyache manale jaat asale taree hii sthitee badalali aahe.
sanyukt rajyanmadhye, eksaman vishvast sanhita nyayalayanchya punaravalokanachya adheen rahoon vishvastanna vajvi nuksanbharpai aanee bharpaichi tartud karate, jaree vishvastanna paise dile jaau shakat naheet. vishvast mhanoon kaam karananya vyavsayik banka samanyatah vyavasthapanakhalil malmattepaiki sumare 1 takke malmatta aakartat.
labharthi.
labharthi heey vishvast malmatteche fayadeshir (kinwa 'nyayya') malak asatat. ektar tatkal kinwa akheris, labharthyanna vishvast malmattetun utpann milel kinwa tyanna malmatta swatach milel. labharthichya vyajachi vyapti vishvast dastaivajachya shabdanvar avalambun asate. eka labharthi utpannacha (udaharanarth, banq khatyatil vyaj) hakkadar asoo shakato, tarr dusra panchvis varshancha jhalyavar sampoorn vishvast malmattecha hakkadar asoo shakato. kayadyane ladalelya kahee maryadannusar, vishvast sanstha tayar kartana vasahatikade barach vivek asato.
mothya pramanat sampatti varshane midvanyache sadhan mhanoon vishvast mandalacha vapar kahee nakaratmak arthanshi sambandhit asoo shakato; kahee labharthi jeey nokri naan karata vishvast utpannatun aaramat jagoo shakatat tyanna vinodane 'vishvast nidhi baal' (vayachi parva naan karata) kinwa 'vishvast' mhanoon sambodhale jaau shakate.
uddesh.
vishvast mandalachya samanya uddishtanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
prakar.
vishvast mandalachi vaishishtye kinwa uddeshanusar vishvast mandale anek vegvegalya navanni olakhali jaatat. kaaran vishvast sansthanchi anekada anek vaishishtye kinwa uddesh asatat, ekach vishvast sanstheche anek prakare achook varnan kele jaau shakate. udaharanarth, jiwant vishvast haah anekada eka spasht vishvast asato, joou eka radd karnyayogya vishvast dekhil asato aanee tyat protsahan vishvast ityadi samavisht asoo shakatat.
desh vishisht bhinnata.
jaree vishvast mandalacha ugam englandmadhye jhaala aanee mhanunach ingraji vishvast mandalachya kayadyacha, visheshtah rashtrakul kinwa united statessarkhya samanya kayadeshir vyavasthanmadhye, lakshaniy prabhav padala asala, taree vishvast mandalachya kayadyacha prabhav vyapak aanee vaividhyapurn rahila aahe. samanya kayada vyavasthekhalihi, vishvast mandalachi moolbhut kalpana lakshaniyaritya vegvegalya prakare amalat aanali gelee aahe.
samanyatah khandiy europes nagri kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye vishvas kayada keval maryadit sankhyene adhikarkshetranmadhye astitvat aahe (udaa.jee. kurakao, lichtenstein aanee siint marten). tathapi, kayadyanchya sangharshachya prakarananmadhye, udaharanarth braselsachya vyavasthemadhye (europe) aanee hegg trust conventionmadhil pakshanmadhye, vishvastala paradeshi kayadyache sadhan mhanoon manyata dilee jaau shakate. curr talhanyachya chinta heey aitihasikdrushtya eka kaaran aahe qee nagri kayada pranali asalele european desh vishvast sanstha swikaranyas nakhush rahile aahet.
cyprus.
cyprus aamdaranni gair-cyprus rahivashanna vishvast mandalachi sthapana sulabh karnyachya uddeshane 2012 chaa cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast kayada lagoo keela. cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandal heey samanya kayadyachya tattvanvar aadharit aahe, tathapi 2012 chya cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandal kayadyat, vishvast mandalasathi tyach kayadyantargat patra honyasathi kahee atty aanee aavashyakta samavisht kelya aahet. yaa atty aaheth
vareel vyatirikt, nishchitatechi samanya kayadyachi tattve upasthit asane aavashyak aahe.
kayadyane pradan kelele vasahati adhikar.
2012 chya cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast kayadyane vasahatikaranache kahee adhikar dekhil lagoo kele aahet, jeey jarr vaparale gele tarr teey vishvastala avaidh tharnar naheet aanee kinwa vasahatikaranachya vishvast patrat tyancha vapar karnyasathi samavisht karanyachi aavashyakta nahee. sadar kelele adhikar pudhilpramane aaheth
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvasacha kalavadhi.
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandalacha kalavadhi maryadit karat nahee aanee too anirdisht kalavadhisathi tayar keela jaau shakato.
dharmaday trust aanee purposes trust.
kalam 7 nusar, khalilpaiki eka kinwa adhik hetunsathi cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandalachi sthapana kelee jaau shakateh
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast sansthechi gopaniyata.
kayadyat vishvast, snrakshak, amalbajavanikarta kinwa anya konatyahi vyaktivaril vishvastanchi mahitee aanee tapasheel gopaneey thevanyasathichya vishisht gopaniyatechya jababdanyanchaa samavesh aahe. kayadyane ashee mahitee ughad karane aavashyak aahe kinwa jyaa nyayadhishansamor khatala chalavala jaat aahe asha nyayadhishane asha parinamane nirnay dilyas yaa adhikaras suut dilee jaate. tathapi, badalatya kalanusar, sayprasmadhye vishvast mandale sarvajanikaritya ughad karane aavashyak aahe. asha sarvajanik prakatikarananchi aavashyakta aaheh
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandalachya nirmitila manyata denyasathi mudrank shulk aayukt.
vishvast mandalachi vaidhpane sthapana karnyasathi too mudrank shulk aayuktansamor sadar karane aavashyak aahe aanee 430 eurochi ekvelchi rakkam bharali jaate. aayukt kagadpatranchi prat thevat naheet.
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast mandalache vyavasthapan karananya aii. ess. pii. ess. chee niyamak prakatikaran.
company aanee vishvast vyavasthapan karye (aii. ess. pii.) pradan karananya udhyogachya niyamanane niyamkala cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast sanstheche astitva ughad karanyachi aavashyakta dekhil aanali aahe. asha jababdarimule vishvast companyvar bhaar padato aanee ughad keleli mahitee khalilpramane aaheh
konatihi shanka talhanyasathi niyamkala vasahati, labharthi aanee vishvast mandalachya tapashilanchi aavashyakta nasate. tasech niyamak konatyahi prakare vishvast dastaivaj sathavat nahee. yaulat, hii mahitee gola karnyasathi, sathavanyasathi aanee adyayavat karnyasathi teey niyantrit sansthevar avalambun asatat
cyprus fayadeshir malak nondani aanee cyprus aantarrashtriy trust.
munny laundering aanee dahashatvad vittapuravatha kayada, 2007-2018, yala pratibandh aanee dadapun taknyachya uddeshane vishvast sansthanchya sandarbhat anivarya prakatikaran aavashyakta lagoo kelya. samanyatah cyprus fayadeshir malki nondani mhanoon olakhali jaate. yaa adheen rahoon khaleel mahitee ughad karane anivarya aselah
yaa kayadyachi pratyaksh amalbajavani adyap pahane baakee aahe, tathapi vareel aavashyakta spashtapane munny laundering aanee dahashatvad vittapuravatha kayada 2007-2018 chya pratibandh aanee dadapanatun kadhalya aahet.
fatka.
paradeshi khaate curr anupalan kayadyantargat (eff. tii. see. aii.) vishvast aanee kinwa vishvastala paradeshi vittiy sanstha (eff. eff. aay.) mhanoon vargikrut kele jaau shakate, jyasathi aay. aar. ess. madhye nondani karane aanee varshik aadharavar nikal jaheer karane aavashyak aahe.
see. aar. ess.
samanya ahwal manak aadeshantargat, bahutek prakarananmadhye vishvast mandal ektar ahwal denari vittiy sanstha (eff. aay.) kinwa nishkriy gair-vittiy sanstha (nishkriy aine. eff. eae.) mhanoon vargikrut karel. jarr vishvast sanstha hii vittiy sanstha asel tarr vishvast kinwa vishvastala ahwal karnyayogya khatyanchya sandarbhat tyachya sthanik curr pradhikaranala sayprasmadhye ahwal denyache bandhan asel.
cyprus aantarrashtriy vishvast sansthecha curr.
jarr labharthi sayprasacha rahivasi asel tarr sayprasachya aaykar kayadyannusar sayprasachya aat aanee baher milanare utpann aanee napha sayprasmadhye ladalya jaananya pratyek sambhavya karasathi jababdar aahet.
jarr labharthi sayprasache rahivasi nastil tarr cyprus strotankadun milanare konatehi utpann aanee napha karpatra asel.
konate utpann sayprasmadhye curr aakaranichya adheen aahe aanee sayprasmadhye lagoo naan honanya adhivas vyavastheshi sambandhit aahe heey vicharat ghene yogya aahe.
ingland aanee wells.
itihas.
varr namood kelyapramane, inglish trustcha uday laurd chancellorchya darbaratoon jhaala, jyala court auph chancy mhanoon olakhale jaate.
aadhunik ingraji vishvastala itar samanya kayada vishvast aanee nagri kayadyachya drushtikonapasun vegale karnari anek vaishishtye aahet.
uddesh vishvast aanee labharthichi aavashyakta.
kahee prakare, aadhunik ingraji vishvast itar adhikarkshetranchya tulanet, tyachya garjanmadhye adhik puranmatvadi aahe. udaharanarth, tyat labharthi asanyachi aavashyakta kayam aahe. yaa niyamala done mukhya apavad aaheth dharmaday uddeshasathiche vishvast aanee 'rii denly' vishvast. heey cyprus, bvi, cayman bete, mancha bett, jersey aanee gibraltar yasarkhya itar adhikarkshetranshi virodhabhas aahe jeey gair-dharmaday uddesh trustla vaidh honyas parvanagi detat. heey samanyatah vishvast mandalache snrakshak mhanoon kaam karnyasathi ekhadyala niyukt karoon kele jaeel. heey uddesh nyas eka uddeshane nyas nirman karnyas anumati detat (udaa. 'aine' chya shikshanachi tartud karane, jethe 'aine' haah kutumbatil sadasya aahe) navachya labharthiaivaji. vishvastanna jababdar dharane hii sanrakshakachi (kadhikadhi amalbajavani karnari dekhil mhanatat) bhoomika asate, jee sahasa labharthyanna karnyacha adhikar asato.
anigamit sanghatana.
anigamit sanghatananchya astitwala parvanagi dene haah vishvast sansthancha pramukh vapar aahe. heey sahasa ekhadya vishisht (samanyatah bigger-vyavsayik hetusathi) ekatra yenanya sanghatananche kinwa lokanche gut asatat. sthanik samajik aanee creeda mandale, kahee sajjananche mandale aanee kahee vyavsayik sanghatana hii samanya udaharane asoo shakatat. 
ingraji kayada hyanche astitva siddha karnyacha mukhya marg mhanje tyanna vishvasacha eka prakar mhanoon samajoon ghene. sanghataneche konatehi kayadeshir vyaktimatva nahee (mhanje tyanchya swatachya navane kayadeshir sambandh prasthapit karanyachi kshamata). heey spain kinwa francesarkhya anek nagri kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye ghetalelya drushtikonashi virodhabhas aahe, jithe nagri kinwa samajik sanghatananna anekada kayadeshir vyaktimatva dile jaate. asha prakare, englandmadhye, sanghataneche adhikari (udaa. tyache adhyaksh, sachiv aanee khajindar) yanna vishvast mhanoon manyata dilee jaeel aanee teey vishvast mandalavar niyantran thevana niyamanchya aadhare sanghatanechya sthapanesah sanghatanechya sadasyansathi vishvast mandalavar sanghatanechi malmatta dharan kartil.
dakshin africa.
dakshin aafriketil kayade heey pratyakshat british samanya kayada pranali aanee roman-dutch kayadyache sammishra asale taree, dakshin aafriketil vishvast anek prakare itar samanya kayada deshanpramanech kaam karatat.
dakshin aafriket, paramparik jiwant vishvast mandale aanee vishvast mandale yanchya vyatirikt eka 'bavind trust' (roman-dutch 'bavind' kadoon varshane midalela, 'bevindheber' dware prashasit) aahe jyamadhye labharthi vishvast malmatteche malak asatat, tarr vishvast vishvast chalavato, jaree aadhunik dutch kayadyanusar heey pratyakshat vishvast mandal nahee asey manale jaate. "bavind" vishvast mandale hii maryadit dayitva aanee vishisht curr laabh denanya vishvastanna vyapar vahinya mhanoon tayar kelee jaatat.
dakshin aafriket, alpavayin mulanna malmattecha varsa miloo shakat nahee aanee sarkari sansthet asalela vishvast aanee malmatta nasatanahi, palakancha nidhi aanee praudhavasthetil mulanna deela jaato. tyamule, karar (ichcha) vishvast anekada yaa alpavayin mulanchya fayadhyasathi vishvast sansthet malmatta sodatat.
dakshin aafriket done prakarche jiwant vishvast aahet, nihit vishvast aanee vivekadhin vishvast. nihit vishvast sansthanmadhye, labharthyanche laabh vishvast patrat namood kele jaatat, tarr vivekadhin vishvast sansthanmadhye pratyek labharthila kitee aanee kevha laabh honar aahe yabaddal vishvastanna nehmich purn vivek asato.
malmatta sanrakshn.
alikadeparyant, dakshin aafriket rahana-yaa vishvastanna curr laabh hote, jaree yapaiki bahutek fayade kadhoon takale gele aahet. karjdarankadun malmatteche sanrakshn haah eka aadhunik fayda aahe. ullekhaneey apavad vagalata, vishvastane dharan kelelya malmattechya malakiche vishvast kinwa labharthi nasatat, vishvast kinwa labharthyanche karjdar vishvastaviruddha konatahi dawa karoo shakat naheet. diwalkhori kayadyantargat (1936 chaa kayada 24), malmattecha purvicha malak hastantaranaveli diwalkhor asalyas, kinwa hastantaranaveli too/tee diwalkhor asalyas, 24 mahinyansathi, jiwant vishvast sansthet hastantarit keleli malmatta bahya karjdarankadun 6 mahinyansathi dhokyat rahate. 24 mahinyanantar, karjdaranna vishvast mandalachya malmattevar konatahi dawa nasato, jaree teey karj khaate sanlagn karnyacha prayatna karoo shakatat, jyamule vishvast mandalala tyachi malmatta vikanyas bhag padale jaate. malmatta vishvastala vikoon (vishvastala dilelya karjadware) kinwa tyala rokh rakkam daan karoon (konatihi naisargik vyakti dengya curr aakarshit naan karata darvarshi 1,00,000 rupaye daan karoo shakate; tyach curr varshachya aat pudhil dengyanna 20 takke dengya curr lagoo hoto) jiwant vishvast sansthet hastantarit kelya jaau shakatat.
karvishayak baabee.
dakshin aafrikechya kayadyanusar jiwant vishvastanna kardatya manale jaate. jiwant vishvastanna aaykar aanee bhandavali napha curr (see. jee. tii.) asey done prakarche curr lagoo hotat. vishvast sanstha 40 takke yaa sapat darane aaykar bharate (vyakti utpannachya pramananusar, samanyatah 20 takkyanpeksha qamee). tathapi, vishvast mandalachya utpannavar curr ektar vishvast mandalachya kinwa labharthichya haatee deela jaau shakato. vishvast mandal 20 takke darane see. jee. tii. dete (vyakti 10 takke detat). vishvast sanstha mrut malmatta curr bharat naheet (jaree vishvastanna mrut malmatteche thakbaki karj parat karave lagoo shakate, jyamadhye karjachi rakkam mrut malmatta karasah karpatra asate).
jyaa kardatyache nivassthan vishvast mandalat 'bund' karnyat aale aahe, tyala aata yaa see. jee. tii. savalatincha laabh ghenyachi aanakhi eka sandhee denyat aalee aahe. 30 september 2009 chaa curr kayada durusti kayada 1 janewari 2010 roji suru jhaala aanee 1 janewari 2010 teey 31 december 2011 paryant 2 varshancha kalavadhi manjur keela, jyamule naisargik vyaktila konatehi hastantaran shulk dey nasalyacha kinwa tyache parinam bhogave lagnyacha laabh gheuun nivassthanachi badali karanyachi sandhee milate. kardatyanna sandhichya yaa khulya khidakicha fayda gheta yet asala taree, tyanantar tee kadhihi upalabdh honyachi shakyata nahee.
united states.
sanyukt rajyanmadhye, pensylvania, california, oklahoma aanee texas (aanee uniform trust kodache kalam 602 swikarlele itar konatehi rajya) vagalata, joparyant ekhade upkaran kinwa teey tayar karnar nahee asey mhanat nahee toparyant trust aparivartaniy asalyache manale jaate, jyamadhye trust radd karnyayogya asalyache manale jaate, joparyant teey upkaran kinwa tyanna tayar karnar nahee asey mhanat nahee qee teey aparivartaniy aahet.
united statesmadhye, rajya kayada, rajyanusar badalat rahato, trust niyantrit karato. anek rajyanni eksaman vishvas sanhita sweekarli aahe aanee rajyanchya vishvasachya samanya kayadyat dekhil vyapak samanata aahet. yaa samanatancha saransh kayadyachya punaravruttimadhye deela aahe, udaharanarth vishvast mandalache punaravrutti, tisare (2003-08). yavyatirikt, vyavharik baab mhanoon, antargat mahasool sevedware prashasit federal karansarkhya federal kayadyachya babincha trustchya sanrachanevar aanee nirmitivar parinam houu shakato.
americet curr kayada vishvastanna, kahee vishisht paristhitinmadhye curr talhanyasathi vishvastancha vapar keela jaau shakato, taree, paristhitinusar, mahamandal, bhagidari kinwa ajibat naan mhanoon curr aakaranyachi parvanagi deto. udaharanarth, vishvasarh-pasantichi rokhe hii anukool curr vyavhar asaleli sankarit (karj aanee sambhag) rokhe aahe jee bankanchya talebandavar niyamak bhandwal mhanoon manali jaate. yaa malmattanna (mothya) bankanchya niyamak bhandavalacha bhag houu naan deuun, bhintmarg sudharana aanee grahak sanrakshn kayadyane heey kahise badalale.
malmatta niyojan.
vasatipatra (ichcha) vishvastanchya ulat, jiwant vishvast, vishvastala shodhkarya talhanyas madat karoo shakatat. probet talhalyane kharch vachoo shakato aanee gopaniyata rakhali jaau shakate aanee jiwant vishvast sanstha khoop lokpriy jhalya aahet. probet sambhavya mahag aahe aanee trustdware vitaran khajgi asatana probet nondi lokansathi upalabdh aahet. vasulikechya vishvastala kinwa amalbajavanikartyala vivekadhin adhikar deuun, asamarthata kinwa apangatva yasarkhya anpekshit paristhitisathi niyojan karnyasathi jiwant vishvast aanee vasulincha vapar keela jaau shakato.
vasuleet aanee tapasachya ulat, jiwant vishvast mandalacha vapar karnyachya nakaratmak pailunmadhye aagau kayadeshir kharch, vishvast mandalacha kharch aanee kahee surakshitatecha abhav yancha samavesh hoto. vishvast mandalachi kimmat prati varsh malmattechya 1 takke asoo shakate, tarr probetsathi 1 teey 4 takke haah ekvelcha probet kharch asoo shakato, joou masuda ichcha asel kinwa nasel, yala lagoo hoto. vishvast mandalachya ulat, ichchapatravar done teey teen sakshidaranni swakshari karane aavashyak aahe, jyaa adhikarkshetrachya kayadyanusar ichchapatrachi amalbajavani kelee jaate. probetla lagoo honanya parantu svayamchalitapane vishvastanna lagoo naan honanya kayadeshir sanrakshananmadhye, bandhpatra, vima aanee probet malmattechya itemised accountingsarkhya, mrut vyaktichya malmatteche gairvyavasthapan kinwa gandapasoon sanrakshn karananya tartudincha samavesh hoto.
malmatta curr prabhav.
jiwant vishvast sanstha samanyatah yu. ess. kadoon malmatta rakhoon thevat naheet.ess. federal istet curr. tathapi, vivahit jodapi formula kalmantargat vishvast mandalachi sthapana karoon malmatta curr savalatichi rakkam prabhavipane duppat karoo shakatat.
jiwant vishvastasathi, anudankarta vishvastala kahee pramanat niyantran thevu shakato, udaharanarth vishvast sadhanantargat snrakshak mhanoon niyukti. vyavharik drushtya, jiwant vishvast mandale dekhil mothya pramanat karvishayak babinmule prerit hotat. jarr jiwant vishvast sanstha ayashasvi jhaali tarr malmatta sahasa anudanak/vasahatisathi parinami vishvast sansthanvar thewali jaeel, jyache kahee ullekhaneey prakarananmadhye uchch curr parinam jhaale aahet.