papnikolau daag

papenikolau daag (papenikolaucha daag aanee papp daag dekhil) heey eka bahurangi (bahurangi) peshishastriy daganche tantra aahe jeey 1942 madhye george papenikolau yanni vikasit kele. papenikolau daag haah peshishastrat sarvat mothya pramanat vaparlya jaanarya daganpaiki eka aahe, jithe too rogshastradnyanna nidan karnyat madat karnyasathi vaparla jaato. papp chachani kinwa papp smeearmadhye garbhashayachya grivecha karkarog shodhanyasathi tyacha vapar sarvat ullekhaneey asala taree, vividh sharirik srav aanee avyav aanee uutinchya lahan suee biopsymadhun gair-strirogshastriy namuna tayarila daag denyasathi dekhil yacha vapar keela jaato. papenikolau yanni 1942,1954 aanee 1960 madhye yaa daganche teen formulation prakashit kele.
vapar.
vividh sharirik strav aanee suichya biopsipasoon smearchya tayaritil peshinmadhye (jyamadhye namune kachechya sukshmadarshak slidever pasaravale jaatat kinwa lape kele jaatat) farak karnyasathi papp stainingcha vapar keela jaato; namunyanmadhye strirogshastriy smears (papp smears), thunki, brush, washing, mootra, cerebrospinal drav, otipotacha drav, fuffusacha drav, cyanovial drav, seminal drav, bareek suee aakanksha, tumour sparsh namune kinwa sail peshi asalele itar sahitya samavisht asoo shakate.
papp daag purnapane pramanit kelela nahee aanee vaparlele achook rung, tyanche praman aanee prakriyechya velenusar bhinn asalelya anek formulationmadhye yeto. papp daag haah samanyatah cytopathologyshy sambandhit asato jyamadhye sail peshinchi tapasani kelee jaate, parantu daag dekhil sudharit keela gela aahe aanee uutinchya tukadyanvar vaparla gela aahe.
papp chachani.
papp smeearmadhye (kinwa papp chachanimadhye) papp stainingcha vapar keela jaato aanee strirogshastratil grivechya karkarogachya tapasanimadhye heey eka vishvasarh tantra aahe.
samanyikrut rangeet karanyachi paddhat.
papnikolau daganchya abhijat swarupat teen dravnanmadhye paach daag asatat.
95 takke ethyl alcoholmadhye counterstein virghalatat jeey peshinna jaast daag padnyapasun rokhatat jeey visheshtah jevha peshi slidever overlap hott asatat tevha nuclear tapasheel aanee peshichi ruparesha aspasht karatat. prati-daganche ph samayojit karnyasathi phosphotangstick aaml misalale jaate aanee ranganchi tivrata anukool karnyas madat hote. eae. aii. countersteinmadhye bismark braun aanee phosphotangstick acid asate, jeey jevha ekatra yete tevha donhi dravanatun baher padatat, jyamule mishranache upayukt ayushya qamee hote.
parinam.
dagamule dagamule pardarshak peshi nirman jhalya pahijet, tyamule ativyapi pesheensah agadi jaad namunyancha arth lavala jaau shakato. peshi kendrake kurkurit, nilya teey kalya rangachi asali pahijet aanee kendrakache chromatin namune changlya prakare paribhashit kele gele pahijet. peshi peshidravyavaril nile-hirave aanee keratinche naringi rangache daag. 
eocene vaay varvarchya upakala squamous peshi, nucleoli, siliya aanee laal raktapesheenvar daag takte. fikat hirwa ess. eff. pivala rung stambhakar peshi, parabasal squamous peshi aanee madhyavarti squamous peshi yasarkhya sakriy peshinchya peshidravyasathi nila daag pradan karato. varvarchya peshi naringi teey gulabi asatat aanee madhyavarti aanee parabasal peshi pivalya hiravya teey nilya rangachya asatat.
atiuttam papnikolau daag.
atiushna papnikolau daag haah sookshm suichya aakanksha namunyansathi eka paryay aahe, joou lakshaniy qamee velet tulanatmak drushya spashtata prapt karnyasathi vikasit keela gela aahe. ksharyukt havetoon valalelya smearche punarbharan, 65 takke ethanol fixetivemadhye 4 takke formaldehydecha vapar aanee richard-allon hematoxylene-2 aanee sayato-steincha vapar, parinami 90 sekandanchya prakriyet pardarshak polychromatic daag nirman hotat. 

