
george fontainis

georges fontainis (27 april 1920-9 august 2010) heey shaletil shikshak hote, jyanni sahalinmadhye kaam kele. visheshtah 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashakat tyanchya rajkiy sahbhagamule teey adhik vyapakpane smaranat aahet.
eka swatantryavadi samyavadi aanee kamgar sanghatanavadi, teey arajaktavadi chalvalitil eka pramukh vyaktimatva hote.
jeevan.
suruvatichi varshe.
eka pradhikaranane "dahashatvadi samajvadi lokancha mulga aanee natoo" mhanoon varnan kelele georges louis albert fontainis yancha janm parismadhil eka kamgar-varg kutumbat jhaala aanee teey shaharachya upnagarat vadhale. kishoravayin asatana tyanni aaplya vadilanchya krantikari samajvadi aanee kamgar sanghatanechya niyatkalikancha aanee vartmanpatrancha aanee itar trotskiwadi aanee shantatavadi sahityacha vapar keela. juuna 1936 chya sampadarmyan too 'libertyre' madhye sameel jhaala. vayachya 17 vya varshi too arajaktavadi sanghatanet sameel jhaala, 'bakunin' aanee 'kropotkin' chaa shodh lavala aanee rastyavaril kopyanvar 'lii liberter' vikanyas suruvat kelee.
sakriyata aanee shikshan.
meey/juuna 1940 darmyan germanyne francever aakraman kele. rajkiy aanee kamgar sanghatanechya kriyakalapanvar bandee ghalanyat aalee, parinami kamgar sanghatana mahasangh ('confederation general du travel'/see. jee. tii.) yasah vividh rajkiy sanghatana swatach 'bhoomigat' jhalya, aanee haloohaloo vyapak french pratikar chalvalit samavisht jhalya. fontainis heey 'gupt see. jee. tii.' madhye sameel jhaale, tasech sthanik syndicalist gatanmadhye sakriyapane sahbhagi jhaale. toparyant too parisachya ishanya bhagat prathamik shaletil shikshak mhanoon kaam karat hota. yuddhanantar, teey mauris domangetsobat, (kadhikadhi) samvichari karyakartyanchya krantikari syndicalist samoohachya, dusya prakarchya shalechya punha prarambhat sahbhagi jhaale hote.
november-december 1947 madhye seane vibhagatil shikshakanchya sampanantar georges fontainis kahee kalasathi rashtriy kamgar mahasanghat ('confederation national du travel'/see. aine. tii.-eff.) sameel jhaale, parantu nantar teey adhik mukhya pravahat paratale jyamadhye tyanni sainyachya dahashatvadachya ajendyavar jore dene suru thewale. suraksha sevanni tyala atak kelyanantar aanee 1957 madhye tyala shiksha dilyanantar, joou arajaktavadi chalvalivar vyapak karvaicha eka bhag hota, 1958 madhye tyala adhyapan vyavasayat punha ruju karnyat aale aanee parisachya paschim bhagatil eka mothya prathamik shalet tyane pravesh ghetala. 1962 teey 1967 darmyan teey grameen bhagat prathamik shaleche nirikshak jhaale aanee nantar september 1967 madhye shikshak prashikshan akadamimadhye manovikratishastrache shikshak mhanoon kaam kele.
arajaktavadi mahasanghache (france) sarchitanis.
yuddh sampalyanantar georges fontainis haah arajaktavadi mahasanghachya sansthapakanpaiki eka hota. itaranmadhye robbert julin, heinry boye, mauris joyx, renee lamberate, georges vincy aanee paul lapier, mauris licent, mauris fayol, gilliana bernery, solange dumont, rogger carron, heinry oreol aanee paul cherry yancha samavesh hota. pudhil kahee varshant tyanche jeevan 1957 paryant swatantryavadi chalvalishi jawalun julale hote. tyach varshi algeriachya futiratavadi lokanna pathimba dilyabaddal suraksha sevanni tyanna atak kelee hotee.
1946 madhye teey arajaktavadi mahasanghache sarchitanis mhanoon nivadoon aale. chalvalitil anekansathi tyancha chehara tulanene naveen hota, jyamule tyanna ekmat shodhane sope jhaale kaaran teey konatyahi vidyaman gatache sadasya navhate. matra, pratyakshat, arajaktavadi-samyavadi aanee vaiyaktik arajaktavadi pravrutti mahasanghachya pradhanyannusar sahajpane basat navhatya. jeane-rene solire yanchya netrutvakhalil vyaktivadi arajaktavadi lokanni eka "patra-lekhan lobby" aayojit kelee. mauris joyxney mhatalyapramane, "haah kharokharach eka sanrachit gut navhata jyacha hetu arajaktavadi mahasanghatun tyanchyapeksha vegala vichar karnanyanna vagalanyacha hota, parantu deshbharatil patra-likhanache jaale hote jyamule samaan parinamancha sanch jhaala. mhanje tyanni congresschya baithakibaher mandalelya prastavanchya sandarbhat tyanni congressla purv-prathamik kele.
1948 madhye george fontainis yanni nirvasit see. aine. tii. aanee phay dahashatvadyanchya gatasah general francochya hatyecha prayatna keela. yaa yojnet viman kharedi karane samavisht hote, jeey spanish parpatra dharkadvare yashasviritya kele jaau shakale nahee. sann sebastian khaditil "causilo" neey vyapalelya anand nauka bombsfot karnyasathi vaparlya jaananya eka chhotya vimanachya kharedisathi fontainisne tyache naav aanee rashtriyatva pradan kele. prayatna ayashasvi jhaala. februwari 1951 madhye yaa prakaranachya sandarbhat fontainisla kahee kalasathi atak karnyat aalee, parantu lavkarach tyala sodanyat aale kaaran katkaryanshi kathit (parantu kalpanik) sambandh darshavata aale naheet.
libertarian communist federation (federation communist libertair).
1950chya suruvatila, aaspaschya dahashatvadyancha eka gut aanee george fontainis yanni eka samyavadi swatantryavadi gut sthapan karnyababat tayari darshavali-jyache varnan mauris joyx yanni "arajaktavadi mahasanghachya aat gupt paksh" mhanoon kele aahe aanee dusarya tippanikarane "eka prakarcha gupt aalyacha gut" mhanoon kele aahe-jyala tyanni ("organization pency battel"/apab), camillo bernery aanee tyanchya 1936 chya pustak "pency ett battel" laa shraddhanjali mhanoon mhatale aahe. oo. pii. bii. sadasyanni tyanchya sanstheche astitva gupt thevanyacha nirnay ghetala. meey/juuna 1952 madhye, bordo yetheel arajaktavadi mahasangh congressmadhye, teey mauris joyx aanee mauris fayol yanna haddapar karnyasathi gele. kadvatpanacha udrek jhaala aanee yaa katu prakaranamadhye fontainische kendrabindu banale yacha arth assa hota qee nantar anek varshe too paramparikpane adhik mukhya pravahatil arajaktavadi lokanchya bhashananmadhye aanee likhanat rakshasikaranasathi ekaki padala.
meey 1953 madhye parismadhil congressmadhye swatantryavadi samyavadi gatacha vijay jhaala. congressne 'tattvanchi ghoshana' haah prakalp swikarla, jyane sanghatanechya swatantryavadi samyavadi uddishtanvar bharr deela. tyaa velee punha suru jhalelya sanghatanechya naveen navavar sahmati naan jhalyane, december 1953 madhye sadasyanchya sarvmatanantarach french "arajaktavadi mahasangh" haah "swatantryavadi samyavadi mahasangh" banala, jyamadhye 16 paiki 11 pradeshik gut (130 teey 160 vaiyaktik karyakartyancha samavesh) opchya nirdeshakhali hote. vyaktivadi arajaktavadi aanee kahee samyavadi swatantryavadi mauris joyxchya bhovati swatantrapane ekatra aale, jyanna opabadvare swikarleli yukti asvikarya vatali hotee aanee tyanni eka naveen "vegale" arajaktavadi mahasangh tayar karnyacha vichar keela.
1953 saalee george fontainis yanni 'swatantryavadi samyavadacha jahirnama-aavashyak samasya' lihilya, jyache 'leninist', 'avant guardist' aanee/kinwa 'bolshevist' asey vividh prakare varnan kele gele aahe. august 1954 madhye "chronstadt" swatantryavadi-samyavadi gatane gupt rachana aanee vyapak "swatantryavadi samyavadi mahasanghachya" leninismcha nishedh karnare nivedan prakashit kele aanee 1955 madhye tyanchi hakalpatti karnyat aalee. 1954chya darmyan swatah fontainis yanni aapale aanee mahasanghache laksh "algerian bund" sathee rajkiy aanee "logistic" samarthanakade adhikadhik valavale hote.
janewari 1956 madhye swatantryavadi communist mahasanghane rashtriy vidhimandalachya nivadanukansathi daha 'krantikari umedvaranchi' yadee sadar kelee. george fontainis haah eka hota. pudhchya varshi rajya adhikaanyaanee swatantryavadi communist mahasanghacha naash keela. pujadvadi chalvali" chya astitvavar jhalelya hallyacha eka bhag mhanoon tyateel anek pramukh vyaktinna atak karnyat aalee aanee tabyat ghenyat aale. george fontainis haah eka hota. pudhchya varshi adhyaksh dii gaull yanni lagoo kelelya vyapak maficha bhag mhanoon tyanchi sutka karnyat aalee. tyanantar eka dozen varshe gelee, jyaa darmyan swatantryavadi samyavadi chalvalibaddal kinwa georges fontainisbaddal phaar qamee aikale gele.
meey' chya 68 ghatanannantar.
1968 madhye georges fontainis heey 'communist libertarian chalval' ('movement communist libertyre'/emm. see. ell.) chey saha-sansthapak hote, jee tyanantar lavkarach 'communist libertarian organization' ('organization communist libertyre') bunley. oo. see. ell.) parantu nantar, eka strotachya shabdat, 1974 nantarchya varshant vyapak samajik udasinata vadhalyane, 1976 madhye visarjit karnyat aale.
1979 madhye teey swatantryavadi communist kamgaranchya sanghatanet (yu. tii. see. ell.) sameel jhaale. georges fontainis heey 'paryayi swatantrya' yaa uttaradhikari sanstheche sadasya rahile, parantu tyanchya nantarchya varshant tyanni qamee aanee qamee lihile. 9 august 2010 roji rehak-suur-indre (dauyanchya thodyasha aagneyela) yetheel tyanchya gharee tyanche nidhan jhaale.
1990 madhye tyanni 'laal' autrey communism, histoir subversive duu '(' daad adar communism aaa subversive histree auph daad ') yaa shirshakakhali tyanchi aatmacharitre prakashit kelee. eka vistarit aanee punarsanshodhit aavrutti 2000 madhye disali, jeey 2008 madhye punha ghadale. shirshak dekhil badalale, 'changer leey monde, histoir du (1945-1997)' ('jug badalaneh communist swatantryavadi chalvalicha itihas (1945-1997)')