
american nagri yuddhadarmyan gulamgiri

american yadavi yuddhadarmyan gulamgirine madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali. gulami, visheshtah dakshinekadil rajkiy netyancha, uttarekadil gulamgirivirodhi rajkiy shaktinni pashchimatya pradeshanmadhye gulamgiricha vistar rokhanyachya prayatnanna kelela pratikar haah futiratela prathamik utprerak hota. gulamanchya jeevanat mothe badal jhaale, kaaran dakshinene union sainyane jaminichya vistrut bhagavar niyantran midavalele pahile. yuddhadarmyan aanee tyapurvi, gulamanni tyanchya swatachya muktit sakriy bhoomika bajavali aanee yuddhadarmyan hajaro gulamanni gulamgiritun sutka kelee.
loksankhyashastra aanee arthshastra.
dakshinetil gulamgirichya pramanacha andaj lavnyache anek vegvegale marg aahet. 1860 saalee, aaplya nagarikanpaiki 1.6% lock gulam hote.
jaree 50,000 peksha qamee lagwad karnadhyanpeksha tarun shetkanyanchi sankhya jaast asali, taree dakshinetil bahutek gulam kamgaranna lagwad karnanyanni gulam banavale hote (bahutek vela vees kinwa tyahoon adhik lokanna gulam banavnare mhanoon paribhashit kele jaate). dakshinekadil shetee uttarekadil shetipeksha adhik fayadeshir hotee, jyat tandul, kapus aanee sakhar yaa pikanvar laksh kendrit kele gele. yuddhachya aadhi dekhil, georgia aanee dakshin carolinachya tandalachya pradeshat aanee mississippy tribhuj pradeshachya kahee bhaganmadhye pratyek pandhya vyaktisathi daha kinwa vees krishnavarniy lock gulam hote. yuddhadarmyan hii vishamata vadhali, jyamule bandachi bheeti nirman jhaali aanee shantatechi hummy denyasathi lashkari dalanchya kampanya krishi pradeshat tainat thevanyachi magani jhaali.
gulamanchi kharedi aanee vikri karanyachi bajarpeth yuddhadarmyan chaloo rahili, tasech gulamanna kamavar thevanyasathi aanee kamavar thevanyasathichi bajarpeth chaloo rahili. jaree gulam kamgaranchya kimmati vadhalya, taree tyaa mahagaishi julavun gheu shakalya naheet, jyamule gruhyuddhadarmyan gulamanchi kharee kimmat qamee jhaali. gulamgirit asalelya lokanchya kimmati vadhalya aanee kahee pramanat ghat houn mahasanghacha vijay honyachi shakyata nirman jhaali. 1860 madhye, vharjiniyamadhye vikalya gelelya sarasari gulamane 1,500 dollars aanale aanee nyu orlinsmadhil eka 'pramukh kshetra hatane' 1,800 dollars aanale. 1863 madhye, richmandmadhil gulamanchi kaushalya sanchanusar 4,000 dollars kinwa 5,000 dollars aanee texasmadhye 2,500 dollars teey 3,500 dollarsla vikri jhaali. yuddh suru honyapurvi, gulamgirincha vistar karane heey gulamadharkansathi eka mahattvache rajkiy aanee aarthik uddisht hote. heey yuddhadarmyan suru rahile aanee texasmadhye gulamgiricha motha vistar jhaala, jyala 1845 madhye rajya karnyat aale hote. tathapi, yuddhanantar, anek gulam malakanni gulamgiri sampushtat yenyachi vadhati shakyata olakhali aanee asey purave aahet qee tyanni gulamgirit asalelya lokanna vikanyache tyanche prayatna vadhavale.
sanskruti.
african american sanskrutik badal.
yuddhadarmyan gulamanchi svayatta vadhalyane sanskrutik abhivyaktichya sandhee vadhalya. gruhyuddhadarmyan aanee tyanantar lagechach gulam aanee mukt lokanmadhye khrishchan dharm vadhala. american missionary association aanee national friedman releaf associationsarkhya sanghatananni missionarinna sangh-vyapt bhagat pathavale jethe tyanni dharmik mandale sthapan kelee aanee punarujjivanache netrutva kele. african methodist episcopal charchane (eme) visheshtah gulamanmadhye aanee unionchya tabyat asalelya bhagat aanee aaspaschya muktanmadhye mothee upasthiti sthapit kelee. nagri dharmpracharkambarobarach, amey yanni black union regimentsathi padrinchihi vyavastha kelee. yuddhadarmyan visheshtah dakshinet sakriy asalelya mukt krishnavarniy vyaktinpaiki james walker hood, heinry mcneil turner, jabbays pitt campbelle, johnn emm. heey hote. tapkiri aanee william eae. mathuse.
african-american lokanni gayalele sangeet yuddhadarmyan badalale. gulamanni baganmadhye aapapasat gatana aanee muktapane aanee alikadech mukt jhalelya krishnavarniyanni pandhya prekshakansamor gatana, krishnavarniyanni gayalelya aadhyatmik ganyanmadhye bandhanatun sutka hii sankalpana visheshtah mahattvachi bunley. hail merrie', 'michael roow daad boat shoar' aanee 'goo daun moses' yasarkhya ganyanchya naveen aavruttyanni swatantryachya sandeshavar aanee gulamgiri nakarnyavar bharr deela. anek naveen gulamanchi ganee dekhil gayali gelee, sarvat lokpriy mhanje, "hajaro lock jaatat", jee varanvar gulamanni gayali hotee, jeey udyananmadhun union lashkari shibiranmadhye paloon jaat asat. yuddhadarmyan gulamanchi ganee prakashit karnyache anek prayatna karnyat aale. pahili hotee, 'reverand ell' dware 'goo daun moses' sathee patrak sangitache prakashan. see. december 1861 madhye lockwood, tyach varshi septembermadhye virginiachya phorta monro yethe paloon gelelya gulamanchya anubhavavar aadharit hota. 1863 madhye, 'continental masik' neey 'pammetochya antargat' yaa shirshakachya lekhat dakshin carolinatil aadhyatmik goshtinche namune prakashit kele."
aul-black first south carolinache white curnell thomas gowarth higginson yanni namood kele qee jevha krishnavarniyanna mahit hote qee shvetvarniy lock aikat aahet, tevha tyanni tyanchi ganyachi paddhat badalali aanee itihaskar khrishchan mcverter yanni namood kele qee african americananni tyanchya sangitacha vapar pandhya aakalnashi julavun ghenyasathi aanee kalya sanskratichi navee pratima vikasit karnyasathi kelee aanee tee samruddha aanee swatantryasathi tayar aahe. poort royalmadhye, paloon gelelya gulamanni guptapane 'america' heey rashtragit shikale, teey goryansamor kadhihi gayale nahee. jevha muktichi ghoshana manjur karnyat aalee tevha eka utsav aayojit karnyat aala aanee pandhya prekshakanna aashcharyachakit karoon, pratibandhitanni tyanchi naveen sthitee vyakt karnyasathi yaa ganyacha vapar karoon rashtragit gayala suruvat kelee. gulamanmadhye 'johnn braun' sha boddy 'aanee' etch 'hii sarvat lokpriy pandhari ganee hotee. see. kamache 'samrajya yet aahe' aanee yuddh suru asatana, african american lokanni gayalele geet badalale, aspashtta aanee coded bhasha vagalali aanee sainik aanee nagrik mhanoon tyanchya naveen bhoomikanchya khulya abhivyakticha samavesh keela.
dakshinetil gulam malakanni vruksharopanavar gayan pratibandhit karoon aanee mukti kinwa uttarekade samarthan karananya ganyanchya gayakanna turungat takoon pratisad deela. sangharajya samarthakanni nishthechya chinhansathi gulamanni gayalelya sangitakade dekhil pahile. anek sangharajyanchya regimentchya bandmadhye gulam sangitkarancha samavesh hota aanee sangharajyanni gulamanna teey kitee anandi aahet heey dakhavanyasathi gaane aanee nrutya karanyachi vyavastha kelee. blind tomm mhanoon olakhala jaanara gulam kalakar thomas greeney bethun yaa kalat varanvar 'maryland, maay maryland' aanee 'dixy' yasarkhi sangh-samarthak ganee vajavat asey aanee tyachya sadarikaranatun 'yanki doodle' vagalale.
goryanchi manovrutti.
yaa kalat gulamgirisandarbhat goryanchya bhavna dekhil abhyasacha vishay rahilelya aahet. samanyatah, dakshinetil garib, gulam nasalele gore lock lagvadidaranche kautuk karayache aanee gulam swatakade thevanyacha prayatna karayache. yuddhadarmyan, sangharajyatil sainik 1864 paryant sangharajya aanee gulamgirichya sanstheche astitva tikoon rahnyachya sambhavyatebaddal aashavadi hote. muktichya ghoshanemule gulam uthav hoil ashee sangharajyanna bheeti hotee, hii eka ashee ghatana hotee jee uttarekadil lokanna dekhil nako hotee. jaree tyaa velee bahutek lokancha janm naat turner bund kinwa haititil krantichya velee jhaala nasla taree, dangalichi khoop bheeti hotee. tasech, gulamgirichya virodhat uttar eksandh navhate aanee anek sangh sainyachi ichcha hotee qee america jinkel kinwa harel, too pandhya manasacha desh vhava. tathapi, linkencha paksh, republican paksh, tatkal navhe tarr shevati muktichya bajoone hota heey sarvansathi spasht hote.
bahutek itihaskar sahmat aahet qee gulamgiribaddalachya vadatoon yuddh ufalun aale, parantu sainikanchya prernetil gulamgirichi bhoomika haah vyapak charchecha vishay hota. jeey. lease capirables' madheel tracy power aanee 'stephen berry' madheel 'jeey serve eka manus banavate' assa yuktivad keela qee sangharajya sainik gulamgiribaddal farsa vichar karat naheet. heey kroor yuddh kaay sampale", asey chandra manning, "kattar bandkhor" madhye jasson phillips, "naveen yadavi yuddhachya itihasat" aanee "general lease armi" madhye joseph glather, "confederate qaa ladhale" madhye aaron sheehan-deane, "anichchhuk bandkhor" madhye keneth noe aanee "karanasathi aanee sathidaransathi" madhye james mcfursion hyancha assa yuktivad hota qee anek confederate sainikanchya mansiktet gulami madhyavarti hotee. sanghatil sainikanchya manat aanee prernetil muddah dekhil charchila gela aahe. heey kroor yuddh kaay sampale' heey manning union sainikansathi gulamgirichya mahattvavar charcha karnare eka udaharan aahe.
asantosh.
gulamanche uthav heey yuddhapurvi aanee yuddhadarmyan gulamadharakanchi satat bheeti hotee. misisipichya edams countymadhye gulamanchya bandache niyojan karnyat aale hote, jyacha 1861chya unhalyat pardafash jhaala, jyamule tyaa bhagatil gulamanna vyapak shiksha jhaali. juuna 1861 madhye seent mengstermadhye eka radd kelela bandkhori jhaali. martin parrish, louisiana, jyacha parinam mhanoon chalis gulamanna atak karnyat aalee aanee bandkhoriche netrutva karananya done goryanna atak karnyat aalee, jyapaiki ekala atak karnyat aalee aanee dusra paloon gela. august 1861 madhye, jefferson county, alabama yethe sambhavya uthav jhaala, jyamadhye bahudha 400 gulamancha samavesh hota. dongral pradeshatil visheshtah gulam dharkanna uthav honyachi bheeti hotee kaaran yaa bhoobhagamule tyanna gulam banavalelya lokanvar laksh thevane katheen jhaale hote.
gulam samajat sharirik shikshela pramukh sthan hote aanee heey sangharajyatil sainyatil gulamanparyant vistarle gele, jyanna varanvar koya marlya jaat asat kinwa itar marganni shiksha dilee jaat asey. gulamanna adhunmadhun changlya vartanasathi bakshis dile jaat asey, parantu ashee shraddha hotee qee shiksha heey niyantran rakhanyache adhik prabhavi sadhan aahe. kadhikadhi apangatva, hatya, balatkar aanee priyajananchi vikri yasarkhya shikshancha samavesh hoto, yapaiki shevatchi shiksha anekada sarvat kathor shikshanpaiki eka manali jaate.
pratikar.
gruhyuddhadarmyan aanee tyapurvi gulamancha pratikar vyapak hota. tyaa pratikarancha eka mahattvacha parinam mhanje tyacha dakshinekadil sainyachya manodhairyavar jhalela parinam hota kaaran yamule krishnavarniy lock sangharajyasathi sangharajyasathi sangharajyasathi adhik nishthavan hote yaa vishvasala dhakka basala. samanyatah, african american lokanni sangharajyachya vijayasathi jallosh keela aanee gulamanna tyanchya niyantranakhali thevanyasathi mahasanghane khoop prayatna kele. yuddhanantar, sangharajyatil diggajanni yaa pratikarala qamee lekhale aanee tyanni jyanna gulam banavale hote tyapaiki bahutek lock manapasoon nishthavan hote assa vishvas asalyache sangitale. pratyakshat, gulamanmadhye pratikar samanya aanee vyapak hota. shete aanee malyanvar, gulam kamgaranni upkarane todali, aajarachi bhasavun, kaam mandavale kinwa thambavale, choree kelee, bandkhoricha cutt rachala aanee paloon gele. bhoomigat railwaymarg mhanoon olakhalya jaananya aanee harriot tubmansarkhya vyaktinchi prasiddhi majboot karananya gulamgiritun baher padnyasathi lokanna madat karnyasathi pandhare aanee kaale jamale. gulam-malakanna, tyanni bandee karoon thevalelya gulamanchya union sainyat paloon jaanyachya ichchemule khoop aswasthata hotee, anekancha kharaa vishvas hota qee gulam lock khol bhavnanni bandhale gele hote aanee nirmulanvadi prachar aanee gulamanchya swatantryachya kimmatinvishayichya adnyanala dosh deela. talvaridvare milanare swatantrya kayamswarupi nasel heey gulamanni olakhale aanee swatantryachi sandhee mileparyant tyancha vel ghalavane pasant kele, tarr itaranna tyanchya sadhyachya paristhitit badal honyachi bheeti vatat hotee. matra, bahutek gulamanni jevha sandhee midali tevha swatantrya nivadle. jithe shakya asel tithe anek gulam malak union sainyachi aagekuch karoon paloon gele aanee tyanchya gulamanna tyanchyasobat aanale. atlantic kinarpatti aanee mississippy nadisarkhya paristhitit jithe unionchi pragati khoop vegwan hotee aanee asha vyavastha kelya gelya navhatya, gulam malakanni palayan karoon tyanche gulam mage sodale aanee anek gulam unionmadhye paloon gele. louisiana aanee mississippy yethoon paloon gelelya gulam-malakanna anekada texasla halavale jaat asey aanee texasla jaananya rastyanvar tyanchya gulamansah paloon jaananya ropavatikanni gardi kelyache mhatale jaat hote.
yuddhadarmyan paloon gelelya lokanchya sankhyecha andaj vegvegala asato. yuddh sachiv william savered yanni andaj vartavala qee union sainyane sumare 2,00,000 gulamanna tabyat ghetale, tarr 500,000 teey 1,000,000 paryantchya andaje aakadyanche itihaskar bahutekda tyanchya bhavanecha tyanchya malkanpasoon bhesal karat asat, nishthavan disanyachi ichcha balgat asat, parantu pahat asat aanee swatantryachi sandhee milanyachi vaat pahat asat. kahee gulam aapala jeev aanee kutumbe dhokyat ghalanyas tayar hote, tarr itar navhate. yuddhadarmyan, visheshtah suruvatichya kalat, anek aanee kadachit bahutek gulam shasson karnyayogya hote. swatantryachya margavar pakadale gelele paloon jaanare gulam sahasa atishay kathorpane hatalale jaat asat aanee tyanna varanvar fashi dilee jaat asey.
yaa kalat, tyanchya gulamanshi charcha kartana aanee patranmadhye aanee sambhashanat, mahasanghanni gulamgiritun swatantryakade sankraman honyachya nakaratmak pailoonvar bharr deela. tabyat ghetalelya sangharajya sainikanchya patranmadhye, tyanni sanyukt shaharanmadhye pahilelya gharanchi kharab paristhiti aanee mukt sainikanchya poshakhachi nond kelee. kharey tarr, mukt jhalelya lokansathi ubharanyat aalelya sanghiy shibiranmadhye rog aanee vaidyakeey sevecha abhav heey pramukh mudde hote aanee kahee majee gulamanna sthanik lagvadarankade pathvanyat aale jethe paristhiti changli hotee. sangharajyachya hatat balatkar aanee itar krooratechya ghatana hotya aanee mukt lokanmadhye samajik aanee kamgaranche prashna hote. udaharanarth, kamachya shodhat, kahee prakarananmadhye, mahila gulamanni veshyavyavasayakade valale.
gulamanchya mukt honyachya ichchecha purava asoonahi, 'nishthavan gulam' yuddhadarmyan aanee nantar anek pandhya dakshinekadil lokanchya chetanet swatahla sthir karat asey. yaa pratimecha kahisa aadhar hota aanee vaiyaktik bandh, kartvyachi bhavna kinwa gulamanna nishthavan rahnyas pravrutt karananya itar ganananchi udaharane astitvat aahet. sangharajya sainyat seva denare malak mhanoon kaam karnare, mahila aanee mulanche federal sainyachya hallyapasoon sanrakshn karnare kinwa sutka shakya asatana vruddha kinwa jakhami malakanna madat karnare gulamanchi udaharane dekhil aahet.
sangharajya sevetil gulam.
mahasanghache suruvatiche lashkari yash lakshaniyaritya gulamgirivar avalambun hote. gulamanni shetee aanee audhyogik majur puravale, kille bandhale, railwaymarganchi durusti kelee aanee goryanchi sainik mhanoon seva karnyasathi sutka kelee. kille aanee railwaymarg bandhanyasathi aanee durust karnyasathi, gachchi, gut, khadde khodanare aanee vaidyakeey karmchanyanna madat karnyasathi hajaro gulamancha vapar keela jaat asey. tyanchya bhoomiket, sainyatil gulamanvar khoop avalambun hote aanee kahee prakarananmadhye aajarpan kinwa mrutyuparyant ativyavasay keela jaat asey.
yuddhadarmyan gulamanchi aanakhi eka bhoomika hotee chhavanitil sevak. hii bhoomika gruharakshak kinwa gurilla tukadyanpeksha mothya, chhawani kelelya sainyat adhik samanya hotee. chhavanitil sevakanni sarkar navhe tarr tyanchya malakachi seva kelee aanee adhikari aanee bharati kelelya sainikanchi seva kelee. bahutansh mahasanghanna hii aisharamya nakkich parvadat navhati, parantu teey durmil navhate. jethe chhavanitil sevak gulam navhate, asha prakarananmadhye sevakanna lakshaniy pagar miloo shakat hota. gulamanna pagar dene kinwa tyanchya shramanmadhun milananya utpannacha kahee bhag thevane heey dekhil asamanya navhate. eka prakaranat, eka sainikane eka gulamachya aathvadyachya dhunyasathi aanee svayampakasathi 4 dollar milalyachi nond kelee, aanee dusya nokaramadhye, kamgaranna khasgichya 1864 purvichya 11 dollarchya masik vetanapeksha jaast paise milat asalyache nondavale gele.
aaplya maran pavalelya kinwa mrut malakanchi kalji ghenanya gulamambaddal mahasanghanni varanvar lihile. hii kalji, sangharajyanchya manat gulam aanee malak yanchyatil saumya natesambandh darshavate. itihaskaranni prashna upasthit keela aahe qee, hii kalji hii premache prateek hotee qee gulamanchya swatachya malakanchya mrutyunantarchya bhavitavyabaddalachya chintemule hotee. dusarikade, gulam samajat sharirik shikshela pramukh sthan hote aanee heey sangharajyatil sainyatil gulamanparyant vistarle gele, jyanna varanvar koya marlya jaat asat kinwa itar marganni shiksha dilee jaat asey. changlya vagnukisathi gulamanna adhunmadhun bakshis dile jaat asey, parantu ashee shraddha hotee qee shiksha heey niyantran rakhanyache adhik prabhavi sadhan aahe. kadhikadhi apangatva, hatya, balatkar aanee priyajananchi vikri yasarkhya shikshancha samavesh hoto, yapaiki shevatchi shiksha anekada sarvat kathor shiksha manali jaate.
sangharajya sainyachya aakaranusar gulamgirichi bhoomika guntaguntichi hotee. chhavanit gulamanchya majuricha vapar kelyane pandhare sainik ladhanyasathi mukt jhaale, tarr lock tyanchya gulamancha jeev aanee shram dhokyat ghalanyapeksha tyanchya pandhya purushanna sainyat pathvanyas adhik ichchuk asalyache mhatale jaat hote. aktoobar 1862 madhye, mahasanghane 'vees gulam kayada' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya masudyat vidheyak manjur kele, jyat eka pandhya purushala vees kinwa tyahoon adhik gulamansah baganmadhye rahanyachi parvanagi hotee, jyacha uddesh mothya baganmadhil malmatteche sanrakshn karane hota, parantu dakshinetil anek gulam nasalelyannahi door karane hota.
prabhav.
shatrutva suru honyapurvich, charleston, dakshin carolina aanee bhramandhvani, alabama yasarkhya thikani battyanchya bandhkamat gulamancha vapar keela jaat asey. gulamanna prabhavit karoo shakanare kayade parit karnare pahile rajya 1862 madhye florida hote. tathapi, sangharajya sarkarne yaa vishayavar swatacha kayada manjur kareparyant kahee gulam kayadyane prabhavit jhaale. alabama aanee virginia heey dekhil mahasanghachya aadhi tyanche swatache prabhav kayade parit kartil.
26 march 1863 roji confederate congressne gulam prabhav kayada manjur keela. yaa kayadyane 1860 madhye dakshinet sumare 260,000 asalelya mukt krishnavarniyanna, confederation tabyat gheu shakel qee nahee yabaddal prashna upasthit kele. virginia vidhimandalane mukt krishnavarniyanna bigger-ladhau bhoomikanmadhye seva denyasathi confederate masudyat thevun aanee sarkarla prabhavit karoo shakananya gulamanchi sankhya maryadit karoon haah muddah hatalala. asha prakare, vharjiniyamadhil senapatinna jabardastine mukt honyacha aanee krishnavarniyanna gulam banvinyacha adhikar hota. tathapi, maryadit sankhyene mukt krishnavarniy lock pratyakshat prabhavit jhaale. kahee pramanat, yache kaaran asey qee lashkari vayache purush asalelya mukt krishnavarniyanche praman tulanene qamee hote aanee tyapaiki barech jann aadhich lashkari-sambandhit karyanmadhye kaam karat hote.
bahutansh yuddhasathi, sangharajyatil sainik tulanene aaramdayak aanee changlya prakare puravile jaat hote. matra, 1864chya vasant rutuparyant paristhiti aankhich chighalali. 4 march 1864 roji, mahasanghachya samanya aadesh kramank 28 madhye asey mhatale gele qee adhikari aanee nondanikrut purushanna darroj eka shidha milel, jyamule angsevkancha vichar keela jaanar nahee. anek senapatinni virodh keela aanee 19 march roji sarkarla eka patra pathvanyat aale jyavar senapati richard evail, jubal earley, stephen ramser aanee johnn gorden yanchyasah adhikaanyaanee swakshari kelee aanee nokaransathi rasad vadhavanyachi vinanti kelee.
gulam majur heey yuddhachya dhokyanpasun mukt navhate aanee federationani adhunmadhun gulam majuranna shatruchya golibarala samore jaave lagat asalyabaddal lihile. jevha gulamanche sangharajya sainyachya sevet nidhan jhaale tevha gulam-malakanna nuksanbharpaichi apeksha hotee, tarr bahutek sangharajyanmadhye gulam navhate aanee mrut pandhyapeksha mrut kalya kamgarala pradhanya dile jaat asey. asha prakare, gulam majurichya dhokadayak paristhiti kahee pramanat purvaniyojit asoo shakatat
kahee prakarananmadhye, bagechya gulamanna lashkarat sameel honyasathi svayamsevak mhanoon bolavale gele aanee kahee jann kamanmadhye jhalelya badalabaddal utsahi hote. tathapi, gulamanni bharalelya kamgaranpeksha mahasanghala majuranchi jaast garaj hotee. kahee pramanat, pandhya sangharajyachya sainikanni anek prakarananmadhye aavashyak shramat sameel honyas nakar dilyane heey aanakhi tivra jhaale. gulam dharkanna purese gulam upalabdh karoon dile jaatil yachee khatri karnyasathi sangharajya sarkarne chhap padnari karyalaye sthapan kelee. texasmadhye juuna 1863 madhye, jilha commander johnn magruderla ashach eka karyalayacha prabhari niyukt karnyat aale aanee magruder sahasa gulam dharkanna, prabhav padnyaivaji gulam midvinyasathi deshbhaktiche aavahan karnyat yashasvi honyachya tyachya kshamatesathi olakhala jaat asey. paschimes, general nathan bedford forrestne ghodadalachya anek hallyanche netrutva kele, jithe tyane union reshanchya mage paloon gelelya anek gulamanna pakadale, jeey anekada itar aadeshanna atirikt pathvat asat. sangharajyiy sainyane dakshinetil, visheshtah mississippy nadichya kathavaril sangh-niyantrit lagvadivarhi chhape takale. jevha robbert eae yanchya netrutvakhalil gatisburg mohimedarmyan, sangharajyiy sainyane uttarekade kooch kele. arthat, pensylvaniatil mahasanghanni shakya titkya krishnavarniyanna ekatra kele, mug teey yuddhapurvi mukt asot kinwa nasavet. yaa vyakti yuddhachya lootmarincha bhag banalya. uttarekadil lokanni, teey swatantryasathi qaa paloon gele naheet, asey uttarela kooch karananya sangharajya sainyatil chhavanichya sevakanna vicharale. matra, mohimedarmyan tyanna paloon jaane katheen jhaale asate. uttarekade paloon jaane haah eka aakarshak paryay vatala nasata, kaaran kahee prakarananmadhye, uttarekadil lokanni sangharajyatil sainik aanee sevakanchya upasthitit krishnavarniy lokambaddal varnadvesh aanee napasantata vyakt kelee.
sarkarne gulamanchya prabhawala adhikrut karnyapurvich, adhikaanyaanee hajaro gulamanna kaam karnyas bhag padale aanee yuddhadarmyan gulamanchya prakalpanche praman baganmadhye upasthit asalelyanpeksha jaast hote, jithe fakt eka malakache gulam kaam karayache. gulamanni richmond, phorta heinry, phorta donnelson, bett kra. 10, wixberg, poort hudson, wilmington aanee mobile. september 1862 madhye, mahasanghache general pii. jee. tii. beuregard dakshin carolina aanee georgiachya kinarpattichya sanrakshanacha prabhari hota aanee savana yetheel killyanvar kaam karnare 1,400 gulam hote. meey 1862 madhye, 7,500 gulam bhramandhvanivar kaam karat asalyache mhatale jaat hote. 1863chya vasant rutumadhye, 4,000 teey 6,000 gulam richmandparyant jaananya railwaymarganwar kaam karat asalyache mhatale jaat hote. november 1862 madhye, robbert eae. lii uttar carolina, dakshin carolina aanee georgiachya kinarpattichya sanrakshanacha prabhari hota aanee wilmington yetheel killyanmadhye 3,330 gulam kaam karat hote. killyavaril gulamanchya shramane shevati gulamgirila balkati dilee, kaaran tee japti kayadyansathi aanee shevati khalee charcha kelelya 13 vya durustisathi samarthan mhanoon kaam karate.
yuddhachya samaptichya jawal, mahasanghachya shevatchya burujanna balkati denyasathi gulamanchi mothee magani hotee. atalantyachya sanrakshanasathi, general joseph eae. johnstonne 12,000 gulamanna aaplya sainyat sanghrakshak aanee swayampaki mhanoon sameel honyasathi bolavile, parantu itake mothe praman konatyahi senapatisathi kadhihi dile gele nahee, jaree gulam haah mohimecha eka mahattvacha bhag hota, aanee hattipane maghar ghenanya sangharajya sainyasathi manushyabalasathi padzad resha tayar karat hota. richmond yethe, leela 2,000 midale kinwa tyane pandhya sanghatil kheladunna kartvyavar asalelya farshanmadhun mukt karnyasathi 5,000 chee vinanti kelee.
yuddhachya samaptichya jawal, mahasanghane krishnavarniy sainikanchi bharati karnyache prayatna kele. november 1864 madhye, mahasanghache adhyaksh jefferson davis yanni mahasanghachya congressla 40,000 gulam kharedi karnyache aavahan kele, jyanna nantar lashkari sevechya badalyat mukt kele jaeel. asey aavahan dakshinet khoop vadgrast hote, jyat general patrick clayburn haah gulamanna shastrasajj karnyacha pramukh samarthak hota. yaa kalpanela virodh karananya general howell cob yanni janewari 1865 madhye yuktivad keela, "jarr gulam changle sainik banavtat tarr gulamgiricha aapala sampoorn siddhant chukicha aahe."1864 aanee 1865 chya suruvatila mahasanghacha padav jhaala, tevha general robbert eae. yanchya shabdat shastradhari gulam banale. lii, "keval upayuktach nahee tarr aavashyakahi aahe."march 1865 madhye, devisne sangharajya sainyat krishnavarniyanchya bharatila adhikrut kele aanee 25 marchparyant kampanya tayar houu lagalya. tathapi, vharjiniyamadhil sangharajya sainyane 3 april roji aatmasamarpan kele aanee 9 april 1865 roji yuddh sampale, tyapurvi krishnavarniy sainikanna sangharajya bajoone ladhanyachi sandhee midali.
pratibandhit.
yuddhachya suruvatila, gulamgirisaha kinwa gulamgirivay sangh kayam thevanyachi abraham linken yanna aasha hotee. yuddhachya suruvatila, assa vishvas hota qee sangharsh haah shauryapurn swarupacha asel aanee uttarekadil senapati gulamanpasoon sutka karoon ghenyas madat karnyas sankoch karat hote. parantu 1862 paryant sangharshachi katuta spasht jhaali aanee sangharajyanni gulamanna manapasoon pakadanyas suruvat kelee. meey 1861 chya suruvatilach union general benjamin eff. virginiachya phorta monro yetheel kamand butlerne ektarfipane paloon gelelya gulamanna parat karnyas nakar deela jeey tyanchya gulam-malkanparyant federal lineparyant pohochale. tyaeivaji, butlerne tyanna quartermaster vibhagat niyukt kele, kaaran gulamanna parat kelyane shatrula madat hoil aanee virginia yaa bhavya pratibandhit chhavanichi sthapana jhaali. linkanane butlerchya dhoranala ubhe rahnyas parvanagi dilee aanee 6 august 1861 roji congressne pahila japti kayada manjur keela jyamule sarkarla gulamansah mahasanghane vaparleli serve malmatta japt karanyachi parvanagi midali. tathapi, union kamandaranna julai 1862 paryant paloon gelelya gulamanna vagalanyachya adhikrut soochana denyat aalya, jevha linkanane kabool kele qee gulamanna union linemadhye paloon jaanyache mahatva lashkari aavashyakta hotee. paloon gelelya gulamanna 'pratibandhit' mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale aanee asha done lakhanhun adhik vyakti union aarmisathi kaam karnyasathi aalya. suruvatila, pratibandhit lock sanghik karmchari, lohar, swayampaki, sahkari, sutar, bakers, kasai, kapade dhunyachi dasee, vaiyaktik sevak mhanoon kaam karat asat aanee itar kirkol kaame karat asat. yuddhadarmyan, anek pratibandhitanni sangh sainyachya samarthanarth, visheshtah gurakhi chalak, ghodyache ghodeswar aanee pioneer majur mhanoon adhik aupcharik rojgar ghetala. 1861 chya japti kayadyamule simavarti rajyanna mahasanghat pravesh milel ashee linkenla bheeti hotee aanee union general johnn see. yanchya prayatnanni tyala virodh keela. fremont aanee secretory auph warr sayman cameron anukrame kalya sainikanchi mukti aanee bharati pudhe nenyasathi.
dusarikade, kahee union armi generalsony paloon gelelya gulamanna, visheshtah general heinry haleck, george bii. yansarkhya lokshahivadi lokanna parat karanyachi pratha thewali. mcclellan aanee donn carlos buel. haleckcha samanya aadesh kra. 3 farari gulamanna tyachya vanshatoon kadhoon takale.
tathapi, gulamanna mukt honyachi aanee tyanchya swatachya muktatesathi yogdan denyachi tivra ichcha hotee. uttarekade gulamgiri aanee muktivirodhi bhavna nirman karnyasathi kaale lock moolbhut hote. union sainikanni dakshinekade kooch karananya gulamanchya mrutdehanvaril jakhama pahilya aanee teey jyaa thikani rahat hote tyaa sapeksh asvachchata pahili. tyanni gulamanchya katha aikalya aanee tyanchya swatachya swatantryasathi ladhanyachi aanee union aarmimadhye sameel honyachi tyanchi tayari pahili.
ladhanyachi hii tayari kamgaranchi garaj asalelya union generalsasathi apariharya hotee. 1792 pasoon, federal kayadyane krishnavarniy purushanna rajya sainyadal aanee yuu. ess. madhye seva denyas manai kelee.ess. sainya, pann yuddhadarmyan teey badalale. meey 1862 madhye, general james etch. kansasmadhil laine aanee johnn doubleu. louisianamadhil felpsney yuddh vibhagachya adhikrutateshivay krishnavarniy purushanna regimentmadhye samavisht karnyas suruvat kelee. lenchya prayatnanmule pahile cances rangeet svayamsevak tayar jhaale, tarr felpsla tyachya varishtha, general butlerne virodh keela, joou atirikt takdisathi bejar hota aanee august 1862 madhye mage hutla, parinami louisianache sthanik rakshak tayar jhaale, jeey mukhytah swatantra sainikanche hote. meey 1862 madhye, general david shikarine marshal low jaheer keela aanee georgiachya kinanyavaril pulaski killyajavalachya tyachya aadeshachya aaspaschya bhagat gulamanna mukt karnyache aadesh dile, jyat kinarpattivaril dakshin carolina, georgia aanee floridache bhag samavisht hote. 19 meey roji linkanane shikarichya muktatecha aadesh radd keela parantu gulamanchya bharatishi sambandhit shikarichya ghoshanechya pailoonvar teey gup rahile. yaa suruvatichya tukadyanmadhil kahee krishnavarniy adhikadhyanpaiki freeman william dii. heey hote. matheves aanee seasure antoin.
september 1862 madhye, stantonne kinarpattichya dakshin carolinachya kahee bhaganchya adhipatyakhali shikariche sthan ghetalelya general rufus sactonla, kinarpattichya lagvadiche rakshan karnyasathi kalya lokanna shastrasajj karnyasathi adhikrut kele, jyamule 1862 madhye dakshin carolinache pahile rangeet svayamsevak banale aanee edisto bett aanee poort royal sarkhya thikani vasahatinchi sthapana jhaali. charles aaa. yanchyabarobar, shikarine krishnavarniyanchya bharativar congressmadhye vaad jhaala. kentakiche wickliffe aanee robbert mallory yaa prayatnanna virodh karatat aanee thadius stevens heey pathimbyache netrutva karatat. muktata aanee gulamanchi bharati karnyachya bajoone linkenchya shant adhikrut dhorananmule aanee shikari aanee fremontchya mothya pramanat nakarnyamule vilyam lloyd garrisonsarkhya anek nirmulanvadyanni teeka kelee.
mukti.
gulamgiri sampavanyasathiche karyakari aanee kayadevishayak prayatna yuddhachya suruvatilach suru jhaale. november 1861 madhye, linkanane delaware rajyatil gulamansathi bharpai muktichi yojana prastavit kelee, joou prastav delaware vidhimandalane fetalala. linken yanni 1862 chya suruvatila punha bharpai muktata karyakram prastavit kele, assa andaj vartavala qee simavarti rajyansathi asey dhoran chaloo asalelya yuddhapeksha qamee mahag asel. march 1862 madhye punha apeal fetalanyat aale. tisra prayatna 12 julai 1862 roji karnyat aala, jevha simavarti rajyanchya pratinidhinni linkanane prastavit keleli bharpai muktata yojana fetalali. march 1862 madhye congressne 1793 aanee 1850 chya bahutek farar gulam kayadyanna vagaloon yuddhacha eka lekh lagoo keela aanee eprilmadhye congressne washington dii. madheel gulamgiri radd kelee. see. gulamanchya malakanna nuksanbharpai dene aanee gulamanchya haiti kinwa liberiamadhye sthalantaras madat karnyasathi paise dene. junmadhye, congressne nuksanbharpai naan deta federal pradeshanmadhil gulamanchi sutka kelee, aanee dred scott wii. chaa padav keela. 1857 chaa sandford nirnay.
bharpaichya mukti yojananna varanvar nakar dilyanantar, linkanane 1862 chya madhyat rashtrapatinchya mukti aadeshacha vichar karnyas suruvat kelee. 17 julai 1862 roji congressne milicia kayada manjur keela jyane union aarmidvare niyukt kelelya confederate bondsmanchi sutka kelee aanee rashtrapatinna 'konatyahi lashkari kinwa naudal sevesathi krishnavarniyanna swikaranyas adhikrut kele jyasathi teey saksham aadhalu shakatat', jaree krishnavarniyanchya nondanila adhikrut kele, jaree keval vishvasghataki gulam-malakanchya gulamanna lagoo karnyacha hetu asala aanee kalya kinwa nishthavan simavarti rajya gulam-malakanchya gulamanna mukt karnyacha nahee. tyach divashi congressne dusra japti kayada manjur keela, jyane bandkhor lokanchya gulamanchya muktis adhikrut kele. linkanane dusya japti kayadyachya tartudi amalat aananyat vilamb keela, jyavar nirmulanvadyanni, visheshtah fredrick dagalasane teeka kelee.
21 julai 1862 roji, lashkar aanee dusya japti kayadyanvar swakshari kelyanantar chaar divasanni, linkanane aaplya mantrimandalachi bhet gheuun tyanna kalavale qee tyancha kayadyatil lashkari aanee mukti tartudinchi amalbajavani karnyacha hetu aahe, parantu vasahatikaran nahee aanee dusya divashi tyanni mantrimandalala prathamik mukti ghoshana dilee. tyacha prastav sangharajyachya niyantranakhalil gulamanparyant vistarel aanee too yuddhopacharacha upay mhanoon keela jaeel, joou nyayalaye aanee vidhimandalala adthala aanoo shakel. simavarti rajyanna, visheshtah kentkeela door karane talhanyasathi, linkanane naveen varshaparyant aaplya naveen padache anavaran naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala. anshatah, vilamb karnyacha haah nirnay, hii ghoshana nairashyatun kelee geleli disat nahee yachee khatri karnyasathi union sainyane kahee pragati kelee nahee toparyant ghoshana karnyasathi pratiksha karnyachya ichchemule udbhavala. 1862chya unhalyachya uttaradhat antiatumchya ladhait mcclellanchya vijayamule linkenla rajkiy bhandwal midale, jeey linkenla tyachi mukti ghoshana jaaree karnyas parvanagi denyat mahattvache hote. fredrick douglus sarkhya nirmulanvadyanni linkenchya naveen bhoomikes mothya pramanat manyata dilee, asey lihile, "pandhara manus mukt jhaala aahe, kaala manus mukt jhaala aahe, bandkhor aanee gaddar yanchyaviruddha tyanchya deshachya ladhait ladhanare shoor purush aata mukt jhaale aahet..."
yaa ghoshanevar, visheshtah dakshinekadun, kahee teeka jhaali. tyane keval sangharajya-niyantrit bhagat gulamanchi sutka kelee, deshatil 29 laakh gulamanpaiki sumare 8,00,000 gulamanna suut dilee. yavyatirikt, tyachi amalbajavani karnyasathi teey yuddhatil sangharajyachya fayadhyanvar avalambun hote. virodhkanmadhye general william tii. hote. sherman, jyane varanvar mukti aanee bharatibaddal takrar kelee parantu jyane aadeshanche palan kele.
sampoorn yuddhadarmyan gulam swatahla mukt karat hote. gulamanna swatantrya nivadanyachi mubha denanya done pramukh ghatana mhanje, gulamanna niyantrit karananya pandhya purushanchya rupat paloon jaanyachi vadhati shakyata, jeey anyatha sangharajya sainyasathi lagwad sodoon jaat asat aanee sangh sainyachi jawalik gathat pudhe jaat asat. pahilya gulamanna rokhanyasathi, gulamanchi gast adhik changlya prakare sanghatit karnyache aanee asha niyantranasathi sainyacha vapar karnyache prayatna kele gele, parantu heey qamee prabhavi hote kaaran gulam malak visheshtah tyanchya swatachya gulamanna gulamgirit thevanyacha anubhav ghetalele, anekada sainyat door asat. union sainyachya pragaticha tyanchya niyantranakhali aalelya bhagantil gulamgirinvar motha parinam jhaala. dakshin carolina aanee georgiachya kinanyavaril sagari bete haah sangh sainyane tabyat ghetalela pahila pradesh hota. mahasanghanni nondavale qee tyanche malak paloon gelyanantar, tyaa bhagatil gulamanni tyanchya malakanchi malmatta lutali. paschim kentki, paschim tenacy aanee uttar misisipimadhyehi yaa sanghatnene laabh midavala.
tabyat ghetalelya sangh sainyane mukt jhalelya gulamanchi vyavastha karnyasathi anek prayatna kele. tenesimadhye, general eulysis ess. anudan niyukt johnn eaton, junier. paloon gelelya lokancha prabhari honyasathi aanee grand junctionver eka chhawani sthapan karnyasathi, tenacy, nantar memphis yethe halavanyat aala, jyane heey prayatna aayojit kele. shibirat niwara, ann aanee thodya pramanat vaidyakeey madat puravali gelee. tyane sodoon dilelya malyanchya bhadepattivar ghetalelya goryanna mukt sainikanchi nemanook karnyavar dekhil bharr deela; sangh-tabyat asalelya bhagatil shetiche gulamanpasoon majuri-aadharit kamgar vyavasthet rupantar kele. heach pranali 1862 madhye dakshin carolina kinanyavar poort royal prayogat aadhich lagoo karnyat aalee hotee. karyakshamta aanee kalya svayattatechi uddishte yanchyat tanav nirman jhalyamule prayatna sarvatrikpane yashasvi jhaale naheet. davis bend, mississippy yetheel jefferson devischya malmattansah anek thikani mukt jhalelya krishnavarniyanna jameen denyat aalee aanee tyanna thet niyantran denyat aale. hii udaharane asoonahi, bahutek mukt jhalele gulam majuri majurankade gele, jeey khyan swatantryapeksha bhagkharchasarkhech hote. mukt jhalelya gulamansathi thos aarthik payabharanichi tartud karnyat aalele heey apayash heey punarrachanechya apayashache kaaran manale gele aahe.
rangeet sainya.
muktichya ghoshanenantar, kaale sainik samanya jhaale aanee akheris tyanchi sankhya 1,78,895 jhaali, jyat 133,000 gulam rajyanmadhun aale aanee bahutek majee gulamancha samavesh hota. uttarekadil lock suruvatila krishnavarniyanna shastrasajj karnyas aswasth hote aanee krishnavarniy sainya sahasa pandhya adhikadhyankhali thewale jaat asey. tyanna nikrusht upkarane aanee vaidyakeey seva dekhil denyat aalya aanee tyanna asman pramanat avjad shram denyat aale. matra, yaa regimentchya yashamule drushtikonat badal jhaala. asha sainikanna gulam bandkhor mhanoon aanee pakadalya gelelya kalya sainikanna punha gulamgirila kinwa deshdrohachya karanastav mrutyula samore jaatana pahoon, sangharajya sarkar aanee sainya kalya sainikanchya uttarekadil vaparamule santapt jhaale hote. december 1862 madhye, jefferson devisne 'gulamivirodhi ghoshana' jaaree kelee, jyat ghoshit kele gele qee sangharajyiy ganveshat aadhalanara konatahi krishnavarniy manus gulamgirikade parat yeil aanee uttar unitla madat karnare konatehi gulam rajyankade supurd kele jaatil aanee krishnavarniy regimentchya shvetvarniy adhikadhyanchya babatitahi tech kartil. yamule linkanane bandivasat marlya gelelya pratyek krishnavarniy sangh sainikasathi pakadalya gelelya bandkhor sainikala thaar maranyachi dhamki dilee aanee gulamgiris pravrutt jhalelya pratyek pakadalya gelelya krishnavarniy sainikala sangharajyane bandivasat thevalelya kathor shramane pratyuttar dile jaeel. asha prakarcha konatahi adhikrut pratikar jhaala nahee.
sangharajya kinwa mahasanghandware kalya sainikanna samaan manale jaat navhate. krishnavarniy sainikanna anekada adhik katheen paristhiticha samna karava lagat asey aanee tyanna adhik white vaidyakeey seva milat asey. pandhya sainikanchya tulanet kalya sainikancha mrutyudar sumare 40 takke jaast hota aanee 38,000 hoon adhik kaale sainik serve karananmule maran pavale. yuddhbhumivar, krishnavarniy sainikanni changli kamgiri kelee, jyamule sangh aanee sangharajya sainyacha samaan aadar midala. tathapi, krishnavarniy sainikanviruddhachya sanyukt vijayanmule atyachar jhaale, jethe sharanagati patkarlelya krishnavarniy sangh sainikanna sanyukt rashtranni fashi dilee. asha done sarvat ullekhaneey ghatana 1864 madhye tenesimadhil killyachya ushichi ladhai aanee vharjiniyamadhil khadda ladhai yaa hotya. adhikrut chaturthansh nahee dhoran hote qee nahee yavar purave misalalele aahet, parantu yaa vijayanmadhye, kaale sainik mothya pramanat asman pramanat marle gele.
parinam.
1865chya suruvatila lakho krishnavarniy lock gulam mhanoon rahile, parantu sanstha kosalat hotee. sangharajya sainya kamkuvat hott asatana, sangharajyachi vanshik niyantran thevanyachi kshamata qamee hott gelee aanee darroj mothya sankhyene gulam sangharajyat paloon jaat hote. mothya sainyane aatmasamarpan kele tevhahi, kahee mahasanghanni vijay aanee sampoorn dakshinet gulamgirichi punha pushti karanyachi aasha balgali. yuddhachya shevati, kahee dakshinekadil gore dakshin americet paloon gele jethe teey federal kayadyapasun vachoo shakale aanee kahee prakarananmadhye, gulamgiri suru thewali, jaree ashee prakarane apavad hotee.
gulamanni muktikade gulamgiricha ant karnyapeksha, shikshan, matdanache adhikar aanee kayadyasamorche adhikar mhanoon pahile. janewari 1865 madhye sammat jhalelya 13 vya durustine sanghatil gulamgiricha ant keela aanee aamchya niyantranakhali, dakshinetil gulamanchi sutka hoil yachee khatri kelee.
yuddh sampalyanantar, dakshinet vishvasoo gulamanchi katha samore aalee, jyat gulamanni tyanchya malkansobat kooch kelya kinwa sainikanchya baganmadhye parat yenyacha utsav sajra keela. dakshinet rahnare kaale aata gulam rahile naheet, parantu bahutek rahile aanee tyanchya purvichya malkansathi kaam karat hote. tarihi, punarrachanechya kalat vanshik tanav mothya pramanat vadhala. kuu clucks clanchya dahashatvadachi vaadh aanee sangharajyachya chalvalitil haravalelya karanavaril vishvas vadhalyamule pandhya varchasvatahi vaadh jhaali. keey. keey. keey. haah eka kattarpanthi varchasvavadi gut hota jyane african american aanee african american samarthakancha chhal keela.