
herman hoth

herman hoth (12 april 1885-25 janewari 1971) haah german lashkari senapati, yuddh gunhegar aanee lekhak hota. dusya mahayuddhadarmyan tyane veharmachmadhye eka uchch darjacha panzer commander mhanoon kaam kele, francechya ladhait aanee purvekadil aaghadivar tyane pramukh bhoomika bajavali. samkalin aanee nantarche itihaskar hoth yanna yuddhatil sarvat pratibhavan bakhtarband yuddhasenapatinpaiki eka manatat. too nazivadavar thaam vishvas thevato aanee tyachya netrutvakhalil tukadyanni yuddhakaidyanchya aanee nagarikanchya hatyesah anek yuddh gunhe kele.
prushiyamadhye janmalelya hothane tyachya tarunyachya suruvatilach lashkari adhikari mhanoon karkird suru kelee. royal prussian lashkari akadamitoon padvi ghetalyanantar, too haloohaloo shahee german sainyachya shreneet varr aala. hoth yanni pramukhyane pahilya mahayuddhat vividh karmchari padanvar kaam kele aanee sangharshachya samaptinantar navyane sthapan jhalelya weimer prajasattakachya sashastr dalanmadhye teey suruch rahile. germanymadhye hitlerne niyantran midvalyanantar, hothane padanvar zapatyane vaadh karnyas suruvat kelee aanee veharmachtmadhye motorization samarthak mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla.
jevha dusare mahayuddha suru jhaale, tevha hothane polland aanee franceveril german aakramanandarmyan XV sainyadalache yashasviritya netrutva kele. 1941 madhye operation barbarosa darmyan tyane tisya panzer gatache netrutva kele, jyaa padavar tyane anek soviet sainyacha naash karnyat madat kelee. aktoobar 1941 pasoon, hoth yanni 17 vya sainyache netrutva kele, jyaa kalat tyanni soviet yuniyanviruddhachya vinashache yuddh, pakshapati lokancha nirdayi naash aanee jyoo lokanchi hatya karnyache samarthan kele. veharmachtchya 1942chya unhali aakramanat, hothane chauthya panzer sainyache netrutva kele aanee stellingradchya ladhait bhag ghetala. november 1942 madhye jevha german 6 vya sainyala stellingrad yethe vedha ghatala gela, tevha hothchya lashkari gatane madatkarya ayashasvi kele. tyanantar, hoth kharkovchya tisya ladhait tasech kurskachya ladhait sahbhagi jhaala, tarr too jawaljawal jalalelya avasthet hota. tyane niparchya ladhait purv yukrenmadhye german sanrakshanache netrutva kele, parantu november 1943 madhye kivvar soviet sanghane aashcharyakarakpane punha vijay midavalyamule edolph hitlerne tyala barkhast kele. urvarit yuddhasathi, tyala bahutek vela shaktiheen sthananvar nenyat aale.
yuddhanantar, hothala yuddh gunhe aanee manavteviruddhachya gunhyansathi, pramukhyane tyachya faujdari aayukt aadeshachi amalbajavani aanee ghubad tasech nagarikanshi gairvartan kelyabaddal, hayakmandchya khatalyat doshi tharvanyat aale. tyala 15 varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee, parantu 1954 madhye parolver tyachi sutka karnyat aalee. nantar hoth eka lekhak banala, tyane bakhtarband yuddh, paschim germanychya sainyachya vikasabaddal aanee swachchh veharmachya mithakachya samarthanarth lihile.
prarambhik jeevan.
prarambhik karkird.
14 april 1885 roji neurupinmadhye janmalela hoth deminmadhye vadhala, joou neurupinpramanech prushiyamadhye hota. tyache ivadil herman hoth, eka prussian karmchari adhikari shalyachikitsak aanee margareth hoth (nee hebner) hote. tyanni 1894 teey 1896 paryant deminmadhil vyayamshalet, tyanantar potsdam yetheel cadett corpsmadhye aanee 1900 teey 1904 paryant 'preusische haptcadetenanstalt' (royal prussian miiliitary akadami) madhye hajeri lavali. adhikari bananyachya tayari aanee prashikshanadarmyan, hoth yanni nantar olakhala qee eka majboot adhikar pakshapat hota, jeey tyanni tyanche shikshan sampalyanantarhi kadhihi purnapane sodale nahee. cadett dalatil shikshakannihi rajtantra aanee samajik lokshahicha nakar karanyachi bhavna nirman kelee. 1903 madhye tyanna prussian sainyat 'lutenant' mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote, parantu padanvaril tyanchi vaadh mand hotee. tyanni 1910 teey 1913 paryant russian karmchari mahavidhyalayat shikshan ghetale, jithe teey russian shikale aanee 1912 madhye 'oberlutenent' aanee 1914 madhye 'hoptman' mhanoon tyanchi niyukti jhaali. yaa velee teey german general staffmadhye kaam karat hote. tyancha pahila mulga, hans joachim, 1913 madhye janmala.
hoth yanni pahilya mahayuddhatil jawaljawal sampoorn kaal uchch mukhyalayat karmchari adhikari mhanoon aanee keval chaar aathvade aaghadichya ranget ghalavala. russian bhashetil tyanchya kaushalyacha parinam mhanoon, august 1914 madhye tyanna purv aaghadivaril 8 vya sainyat niyukt karnyat aale. yaa bhoomiket, tyanni 1914 madhye purv rashiyavar russian aakraman pahile. yaa mohimecha hothwar kholvar parinam jhaala, kaaran tyane russian lokanna 'pashvi kroorata' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya goshtinshi yuddh kartana pahile. tyane yaa kalat, tannenbergchya ladhaisah, 'generalfeldmarshal' paul wonn hindenbergchya netrutvakhali seva kelee aanee tyachya varishthachi khoop prashansa kelee. juuna 1916 madhye tyanna paschim aaghadit halavanyat aale. yuddhadarmyan, hoth yanni german general staff, vividh sainya aanee unitmadhye padey bhushavali, jyat "luftstreitcrafte" (shahee german sainyachi havai shakha) samavisht hotee. yuddhadarmyan tyala lokhandi vadhastambh donhi shrenine denyat aale.
vadhatya antargat ashantatedarmyan 1918 madhye germanyne aatmasamarpan kele tevha hothala berlinmadhil navyane sthapan jhalelya lokshahi sarkarpeksha hindenbergprati adhik nishtha jaanavali. 1918-1919 chya german krantimadhye, hoth yanni "reachsweher" adhikari mhanoon kaam kele aanee halley yethe davya vicharsaraniche uthav dadapanyas madat kelee. yaa kalane konatyahi prakarchya samyavadabaddalacha tyancha dvesh adhik tivra keela. ujavya vicharsaranichya cap bandanchya apayashane heey siddha jhaale qee lashkarala rajkaranat tyacha gairavapar rokhava lagla, asehi hothche mutt hote. 1918 madhye tyanni lola scheuberingshihi lagn kele. hothcha dusra mulga herman 1923 madhye janmala.
aantaryuddh kalat too 'reixware' (weimer prajasattakachya sashastr dalat) rahila aanee samanya karmchanyanchya sanghatana vibhagat seva bajavali. 1924 madhye tyanna 'mejar' mhanoon badhati denyat aalee. teen varshannantar, gupt lashkari sahkarya mohimancha bhag mhanoon hoth yanna soviet unionmadhye pathvanyat aale. 1929 madhye tyanna 'oberstallutenent' mhanoon badhati denyat aalee.
nazi rajvatit prarambhik seva.
1920 chya dashakat, hothala nazi pakshat farsa rus navhata aanee tyachya kriyakalapanna "reachsweher" sathee vighatankari dekhil manale. 1930 chya german federal nivadanukinantar jevha nazi paksh dusari sarvat majboot rajkiy shakti banala tevha tyache vichar badalale. hoth yanni hitlerchya rashtravadi mahattvakankshankade manyatene pahanyas suruvat kelee aanee nazinni karyakartyankade dilele laksh ujavya vicharsaranichya pakshasathi asamanya asalyache tyanni manale. hitlerche niyantran tabyat ghenyachya drushtine, lashkar sudharanyachi sandhee mhanoon, sarvat anukulpane vagna adhikadhyanpaiki too eka hota. heinz guderian aanee george-hans reinhart sarkhya itar anek reichsweher adhikadhyanpramanech, hoth yanna aasha hotee qee nazi netrutvakhalil sarkar tyanna adhik motarikaran aanee bakhtarband yuddhasandarbhat tyanchya kalpana pudhe nenyas anumati deil. matra, adhigrahanantar, hoth (toparyant 'oberst' mhanoon padonnati midaleli) haah nazi pakshachya adhikadhyanshi bhidala, jevha tyane bronshweigmadheel communist aanee samajik lokshahivadyanchya hatyevar teeka kelee, parinami tyachi lubec yethe badali jhaali.
tyanchya swatachya vruttanusar, hoth yanni pudhil kahee varshant nazi pakshachya vichardharecha kahee pramanat sakhol abhyas keela; itihaskar johannes hearterne uchch darjachya german adhikadhyansathi heey agadi asamanya manale, jyanpaiki bahutekanna asey vatale qee teey arajnaitik rahoo shakatat. german jyoo lokanchya nirmulanabaddal tyanni thodi aswasthata vyakt kelee asali taree, hoth yanni samanyatah nazi pakshachi uddishte aanee kamgiri manya kelee. tathapi, shevati, germanytil samyavadache uchchatan aanee jaagtik vyavharanmadhye germanycha samaan darja mhanoon tyanni pahilelya sthitichi punarsthapana karnyapeksha jyoo lokanche bhavitavya qamee mahattvache aahe asey tyanche mutt hote. aktoobar 1932 madhye, tyanchi 17 vya payadal regimentche pramukh mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee aanee august 1933 madhye 6 vya payadal regimentche netrutva karnyasathi tyanchi badali karnyat aalee. 1934 madhye tyanna 'general mejar' mhanoon badhati denyat aalee. 1935 madhye german sainyachya veharmachmadhye punarrachanenantar, 18 vya payadal vibhagache netrutva karnyasathi hoth yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. motor aanee itar aadhunikikaranasathi vakili karnare teey tyaa kalatil sarvat aadhunik veharmach adhikadhyanpaiki eka manale jaat hote. 1936 madhye tyanna 'general lutnunt' mhanoon badhati denyat aalee, tyanantar done varshannantar 'general dair infantary' mhanoon tyanna badhati denyat aalee. 1938 madhye, sudettenlandchya tabyat asatana tyanni 18 vya payadal vibhagache netrutva kele.
dusare mahayuddha.
polland aanee francever aakraman.
1938 madhye hothala ex. vhee. motoryukt dalache netrutva denyat aale, jyamule pudhchya varshi polandavar aakraman karnyat teey pudhe gele. tyaveli, yaa tukadit done "halake" vibhag hote, jeey rangade, payadal aanee tofkhana yanchya mishra rachana hote. neta mhanoon hitlerchya kshamatechi khatri patvoon denanya hothcha assa vishvas hota qee naveen yuddhane eka uchch uddesh sadhya keela aanee german lokanche bhavitavya tharvel. hothchya netrutvakhali, ex. vhee. motoryukt dalala suruvatila keval halka pratikar karava lagla aanee teey vegane pudhe gele. 4 september 1939 paryant, hothchya tukadine karyarat gut kilseshi sambandhit teen polish vibhaganna parabhoot kele aanee keelsechya mahattvachya audhyogik kendrakade pravesh keela. tyanantar, hothchya ex. vhee. motoryukt tukadine "zylingchya sainyachya cracovela aviratpane nasht karnyasathi aashray deela". itihaskar robbert forzic yanni hothche varnan polandavaril aakramanadarmyan eka 'kathor-aakramak' senapati mhanoon kele aanee yaa mohimedarmyanchya tyanchya lashkari kamgirisathi tyanna lokhandi vadhastambhacha shoorvir cross midala. hothcha assa vishvas hota qee polandavaril aakramanadarmyan, tyachya "halakya" vibhagansah, ex. vhee. motoryukt tukadine "uchch apeksha olandalya". asey asoonahi, kadachit "anavshyakpane mothe nuksan" sahan kelyamule, pudhil pashchatya mohimesathi tyachya sainyachya halakya vibhaganche rupantar panzer vibhaganmadhye karnyat aale.
meey 1940 pasoon francechya aakramanadarmyan hothane XV sainyadalache netrutva karane suru thewale. ardensdware "general auberst" gunthar wonn kloojchya chauthya sainyachya prarambhik german pragatiche netrutva davikade "general dair pansertroup" guderianchya xix motoryukt dalane aanee ujavikade hothchya dalane kele. hothchya dalat 5vya aanee 7vya panzer vibhagancha samavesh hota, jyanchi aadnya 'general mejar' irvin romel yanni dilee hotee. ardensemadhun gelyanantar, hothala dinantjavalil mayoojche crossing tabyat ghenyache kaam denyat aale. sthanik french lashkari tukadyanchya avyavasthecha aanee ativyaptatecha fayda ghet, tyachya sainyane meey mahinyat nadivar done pulanche khamb twarit surakshit kele. 102 vya killyachya vibhagane aayojit kelelya pratikaramule suruvatila pulachya tokanparyant maryadit asalele, XV motoryukt sainyadal paar padale aanee 14/15 meey paryant french 9 vya sainyachya davya bajula dhaklat hote. 18 roji mobyujajaval french prati-hallyanni asthayiritya hothchya pragatila dhoka nirman houu shakato, parantu shevati exvi motoryukt dalala rokhanyat teey ayashasvi tharale, jyamule teey cambry tabyat gheu shakale. mitrapakshanchya satatchya prati-hallyandarmyan, hoth nantar araschya dishene gela, joou germananni 21 meey roji tabyat ghetala. dankirkchya ladhait, hothchya sainyane 27 meey roji laa besi kalwa yethe british abhiyan dalachi sanrakshanatmak resha modali, asha prakare lilly yethe rene preoxchya netrutvakhali french pahilya sainyala vedhanyat madat kelee.
6 teey 7 juuna roji, hothchya vibhaganni erines aanee nantar forges-leesa-eox yethe eka mothee pragati sadhya kelee, french 10 vya sainyache prabhavipane done bhag kele. erainna tabyat ghetalyanantar, exvi corpschya sainikanni french yuddhakaidyanchi, pramukhyane charles enchorere sarkhya kalya vasahatvadi sainikanchi hatya kelee. ex. vhee. motoryukt tukdyansah german tukadyanni yaa pragaticha fayda ghet ruenvar kabja keela aanee seent-valery-aine-coux yethe mothya sahyogi sainyala vedha ghatala aanee sumare 10,000 british sainikanna tabyat ghetale. tyanantar, hothchya sainyane seane yethe mitrapakshanchya bachavatmak reshancha bhang keela. tyanantar tyane dakshinekade laa roshelkade jaanyapurvi, britney aanee normandymadhil mahattvachi thikane kabij karnyasathi aaplya sainyachi vibhagani kelee. francemadhil tyachya yashamule hoth heey veharmachya sarvat lokpriy senapatinpaiki eka banale. hitlerchya 'padonnatichya saravacha' bhag mhanoon julai 1940 madhye tyala 'generalloberst' mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee.
operation berber.
tisya panger gatache netrutva karat aahe.
1941 madhye operation barbarosa darmyan hothane tisya panger gatache netrutva kele. yaa tukadit XXXX panger corps, lvii panger corps, vhee armi corps aanee vi armi corpscha samavesh hota jyat chaar panger vibhag (7 weey, 12 weey, 19 weey aanee 20 weey), teen motoryukt vibhag (14 weey, 20 weey, 18 weey) aanee chaar payadal vibhag (5 weey, 6 weey, 26 weey, 35 weey) yancha samavesh hota. tisya panzer gatane aakramak khelichya suruvatila 626 rangade utaravali. tyachya dindarshikanmadhye, hothane aakramanabaddal konatihi shanka kinwa virodh vyakt keela nahee, jeey bahutek uchch darjachya german senapatinche mutt pratibimbit karate. naitik aanee vaicharik drushtikonatun, hothcha assa vishvas hota qee russiala "jyoo bolshevism" neey mage takale aahe, jyamule desh tyachya european varshapasoon door gela aahe, tyache rupantar vistarvadi, ashiyai aanee nirankush rajyat jhaale aahe tasech germanyshi apariharya sangharshachya margavar aahe. hothchya vishvasanni hitlerchya vishvasanshi ullekhaneey samya darshavile assa yuktivad hearterne keela. yuddhanantarhi, aakraman heey keval yaa yuktivadanvar aadharit hote, asey hothane thampane sangitale. aakramanachya garjevar vishvas asoonahi, hothala tyachya dhoranatmak niyojan aanee amalbajavanibaddal shanka hotee. tyane aaplya varishtha, lashkari gut kendrache commander, "generalfeldmarshal" fedder wonn bockla patvoon denyacha prayatna keela qee tisya panzer gatala adhik lavchiktene kaam karave lagel aanee hye kamandachya (oo. keey.) ichchepeksha soviet unionmadhye kholvar hallah karanyachi tayari karavi lagel. bockney yaa vinantya fetalalya. tyachya shanka asalya taree, hothane aakramanadarmyan samanyatah tharavalelya yojana aanee bockchya aadeshanche palan kele. sanshodhak robbert kirchubel yanni tyache varnan 'sanghik kheladu' aanee operation barbarosa darmyanchya sankatkalat vishvasarh asey kele.
operation barbarosachya suruvatichya tappyat, hothchya tisya panzer gatane sapeksh sahajatene soviet seema sanrakshn modale. parinami bockney 9vya sainyatoon hothala mukt kele, jyamule tyala adhik muktapane kaam karata aale. guderiancha dusra panzer gut aanee hothcha tisra panzer gut, lashkari gut kendrachya mohimancha eka bhag mhanoon minskla vedha ghalanyasathi pudhe gela, 3,00,000 laal sainya sainikanna adakavoon thewale aanee 2,500 takya tabyat ghetalya kinwa nasht kelya. yaa tappyavar, hothane punha yuktivad keela qee tisya panzer gatane soviet pradeshat kholvar jaave aanee khisa bund karnyapurvi shatruchya adhik sainikanna vedha ghalava. yaveli tyala bockcha pathimba hota, parantu tyanna oo. etch. neey nakarle. guderianchya dusya panzer gatachya bajoone, hothane nantar smolenscover hallah karnyasathi pudhe dhakalale, assa vishvas thevun qee laal sainyala punarrachana houu naan denyasathi tyanna tyanchi pragati suru thevavi lagel. shaharat pohochanyapurvi, guderian aanee hothchya panzer gatanni tyanchya puravatha marganna jawaljawal mage takale hote, parantu tabyat ghetalelya soviet indhan depomule teey pudhe chaloo thevu shakale. hothane aaplya sainyache done bhag kele aanee 3-4 julai roji daugava nadiche mahattvache paar surakshit kele. tyanantar tyacha puncher gut daugava aanee neeper darmyan pudhe jaat rahila aanee whitebsk tabyat ghetala. daugawa-neeper reshevaril hothchya tisya panzer gatachya pragatimule teen soviet sainyala vedha ghalata aala.
veharmach pudhe sarkat asatana, laal sainyatil sanshayit sainikanna kinwa nagri poshakhat paloon jaananya sainikanna dilya jaananya vaganukibaddal prashna upasthit jhaale. hothane tisya panzer gatachya adhikanyanna asha vyaktinchi maryadit tapasani karnyache aadesh dile; jarr adhikaanyaanee assa nishkarsh kadhala qee kaidi laal sainyache sainik hote, tarr tyanna golya ghatalya pahijet. purvekadil aaghadivaril serve german sainyanpramanech, hothchya panzer gatane dekhil aayukt aadeshachi amalbajavani kelee. yuddhanantar, hoth haah ekmev german senapati hota, jyane soviet rajkiy aayuktanna niyamit sainik manale jaau shakat nahee assa vishvas thevun, too yaa aadeshashi sahmat asalyache kabool kele. adhinastha vibhaganchya ahavalanusar, haah aadesh vyapak aadharavar amalat aanala gela.
julai 1941 chya madhyat, tisya panzer gatala sainyachya uttarekadil gatachya adheen kele gele aanee tyanni veliki lukee tabyat ghenyacha prayatna keela. haah eka mothya mohimecha bhag hota jyacha uddesh leningrad tabyat ghene haah hota. 20 julai roji jevha laal sainyachya sainyane german resha modalya tevha hothchya sainyala maghari dhakalanyat aale, jyamule ishanyekade anavshyakpane khoop door hallah kelyabaddal bockadoon teeka jhaali. augustchya suruvatila, hitlerne hoths anek pramukh german adhikadhyanchya aakshepasathi bryansk yetheel german aaghadi dakshinekade valavanyache aadesh dile, jyanni moscola thet moheem suru thevanyache samarthan kele. augustchya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant, mothya pramanat nuksan aanee prayatna vikhurlyamule hothchya sainyala aanakhi eka dhakka basalah mothya pramanat balkati midalelya soviet 19 vya sainyacha samna kartana, tyane payadalachya pathimbyashivay 7 vya panzer vibhagala vachanbaddha kele, jyacha parinam mhanoon itihaskar david stahelane tyache varnan 'parabhav' asey kele. yaa vibhagacha hallah tatbandi asalelya soviet reshanmadhye jhaala aanee 30 talav gamavalyane tyala pratikar karnyat aala. septemberparyant, satatchya faygingmule hothchi shakti mothya pramanat qamee jhaali hotee, kaaran tisya panzer gatakade fakt 250 takya shillak hotya. tyanantar hothchya panzer gatane operation typhoonmadhye madat kelee, mosco tabyat ghenyasathi aakramanatmak. davya bajula tainat asalele tyache sainya aanee 9weey sainya dukhovashina yethoon vyazamachya dishene hallah karnar hote. operation typhoonchya yojanambaddal oo. etch. aanee aaghadichya kamandaranni charcha kelee, tevha hothane aakramakatebabat eka divas vilamb karnyacha yuktivad keela, parantu too raddabatal tharvanyat aala.
operation typhoonchya suruvatila, tisya panzer gatane changli pragati kelee, jaree soviet havai halle aanee tyachya kahee tukadyanchya jeern avasthemule mandavali. hothche sainya aanee 9vya sainyane, 3 aktoobar roji general ivan konevne aadesh dilelya prati-hallyanni tyanna rokhale tevha, hothche sainya aanee 9vya sainyane, kholm-zirkovskichya purvekadil niparvar done pool yashasviritya tabyat ghetale aanee vyazma yethunach hote, jeey aanakhi eka gherav sadhanyachya agadi jawal hote. parinami jhalelya ladhaimule aanee tyacha indhan puravatha sampalyane 6 octoberparyant tisra panzer gut bund padala, jevha hoth pudhe jaanyas saksham jhaala aanee vyazma-bryansk pockets seal kele. moscochya ladhaitoon tisya panzer gatala prabhavipane kadhoon takale asale taree, resave aanee kalinin tabyat ghenyasathi tyala uttarekade punarnirdeshit karnyat aale. hitler aanee okh yancha assa vishvas hota qee laal sainyala jhalela 'ghatak fatka' vyazma-bryansk yethe aadhich denyat aala hota aanee tyanna aanakhi mothya aavaranchi aasha hotee.
17vya lashkari commander mhanoon niyukti.
9 aktoobar roji, hoth yanchi yukrenmadhil 17 vya sainyacha senapati mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. yaa sainyacha purvicha senapati carl-heinrich wonn stulpanagelvar tyachya "bhikkhu netrutvasathi" teeka karnyat aalee hotee aanee 17 vya sainyala adhik aakramakpane pudhe nenyasathi hoth hii yogya vyakti asalyache okhane manale. haah nirnay lashkarachya uttar commander wilheim retur wonn leab yaa gatachya mulyankanapasun prerit hota, jyane hothche kautuk kele hote qee too 'buddhiman, janivpurvak, operational prashnansathi changla manacha, khoop changle netrutva karato' aanee 'lashkari commander mhanoon yogya' aahe. jaree 17vya lashkari pramukh mhanoon niyukti hii padonnati asali taree, hothala tisya panzer gatabarobar rahnyas sanganyat apayash aale; fedder wonn bockney dekhil "utkrusht bakhtarband senapati" gamavoo naan pahatana aapala virodh vyakt keela. 17vya sainyat gelyanantar, hothane done divasanchya ladhainantar teey tabyat gheuun, lozovhaviruddha pudhe jaanyacha aadesh deela. tyanantar tyane isium tasech stalino yaa donhivar hallah karnyasathi sainyache vibhajan kele. tathapi, kharab hawaman aanee payabhoot suvidhanchya vyapak nashamule yaa pradeshatil german karye mandavali, jyamule hitlerne kharkovar laksh kendrit karnyache aadesh dile. 17 vya sainyanehi yaa mohimela madat karayachi hotee, jyamule tyanna teen dishanni hallah karnyas bhag padale gele. mothya parisarat pasarlelya hothchya sainyala dekhil jordar pratikarala samore jaave lagale kaaran laal sainyane donbanchya sanrakshanasathi sumare 150,000 kamgaranna ekatra kele. jaree 17 vya sainyane akheris madhalya doncha bahutansh bhag tabyat ghetala, taree tyachi pragati mand aanee mahag hotee. akheris, logisticchya samasyanmule aanee tyachya sainyacha thakwa aalyane, hothane aakramak mohima thambavanyacha yuktivad keela.
hoth haah soviet yuniyanviruddhachya vinashachya yuddhacha ("" ") sakriy samarthak hota, tyane aaplya lokanna" juriechya kathor shikshechi "garaj samajoon ghenyache aavahan kele. hothchya netrutvakhali, 17 vya sainyachya tukadyanni tyachya niyantranakhalil pradeshat jyoo lokanchya shodhat aanee hatyet bhag ghetala. walter wonn rechenau yanni jaaree kelelya tivratechya aadeshala pratisad mhanoon, tyanni november 1941 madhye divasacha aadesh jaaree keela. dastaivajachi suruvat itihasachya tulanene pradirgh churches jhaali, europeveril jyoo prabhavachi ninda kelee, alikadil german vijayanchi prashansa karnyapurvi, "european sanskratila ashiyai barbaratepasun vachavanyachya" mohimecha eka bhag mhanoon aanee soviet union, eka "gulam aanee anandahin desh" chey aasann patan aanee sampoorn "vinash" karnyache aashvasan dile. shevati, tyane aaplya netrutvakhalil sainikanna khaleel nirdesh dileh
hearterne assa yuktivad keela qee yaa aadeshatun asey disun yete qee hothala chaloo asalelya holocostchi purnapane jaaniv hotee aanee tyane spashtapane tyachya sainikanna jyoo lokanna maranyache aavahan kele kaaran tyanni keval germanvirodhi ghatakanchya kathit pathimbyamulech navhe tarr bhavishyat tyanna suud ghenyapasun rokhanyasathi dekhil. sanshodhak linden leonschya matey, yaa aadeshat hitlerla hothchi 'aadnyabhang', pahilya mahayuddhatil german 'rashtriy aaghat' yala jyoo bolshevizamvar dosh denyachi pravrutti aanee rechenauchya aadeshachya tokala 'mage taknyacha' prayatna pratibimbit jhaala. sanshodhak aanee mansteinche charitrakar marcel stein yanni assa yuktivad keela qee sampoorn kram "hothchya vivekbuddhivar shanka gheu shakato" aanee "punaravrutti vish aanee dveshane bharalela hota".
tyachya aadeshachya tarkanusar aanee laal sainya dekhil atyant kroortene kaam karat asalyacha dawa karoon, hothane 17 vya sainyachya sainikanna serve sanshayit pakshapati lokanna thaar maranyache aadesh dile. tyanni adhinastha adhikanyanna samanya german sainikanmadhye soviet sainyabaddal vadhata dvesh nirman karnyacha sallah deela. jangalat aalelya konatyahi nagarikanvar golya ghalanyache aadeshhi hothane dile, kaaran teey sambhavyapane samarthan deu shakatat kinwa pakshapati asoo shakatat. vyapalelya shaharanmadhye upasamar hounahi, tyanni annadhanyachi mothya pramanavar magani karnyache aadesh dile aanee teey manya kele. tyachya dindarshikanmadhye, hothane aapala vishvas vyakt keela qee mageel bhagat pratikar karnyache mukhya kaaran narmai aahe; tyanusar german suraksha dalanni konatyahi virodhala dayeshivay nasht kele pahije. tyach velee, hothane okhchya kahee atyant tokachya aadeshanna niyantrit kele; udaharanarth, tyane tyachya sainikanna ukrainla vasahat mhanoon naan pahanyache aanee sthanik nagarikanna kahee aadar darshavanyache aadesh dile. hothcha assa vishvas hota qee ukrainean europemadhil naveen vyavasthecha bhag banatil.
1942 madhye operation.
soviet hiwali aakramak aanee cases nila.
janewari 1942 chya suruvatila, soviet hiwali halle suru honyapurvi, hoth sampoorn sainyachya dakshin gatacha karyavahak senapati banala. barvenkovo-lozovayachya aakramanat, laal sainyane 17 vya sainyala yashasviritya mage dhakalale aanee isiumchya bhovati german aaghadit eka phug nirman kelee. yaa mohimedarmyan suvyavasthitpane maghar ghenyachya hothchya vinantya bock yanni nakarlya, jyanni sainyachya dakshinekadil gatache niyantran sweekarle hote. soviet sainyane 25 janevariparyant isium bridghead mothya pramanat vadhavalyamule, hothane bockla sangitale qee 17 vya sainyane dnipropetrovskchya sanrakshanavar laksh kendrit kele pahije aanee german bachavkartyansathi fakt done paryay urale aaheth laal sainyala dnipropetrovskparyan pohochanyapasun rokhanyasathi "hatash" pratiaakraman kinwa fugyachya bajoone sanrakshn karnyasathi itar bhagatoon sainyachi "twarit" badali. bockney yaa prastavancha arth assa lavala qee, tyane aapale sampoorn sainya paschimekade halavanyachi dhamki dilee aahe aanee rakheev satha yeiparyant tyala jithe hota tithech rahanyache aadesh dile. hoth aanee tyacha karmchari "thakala" hota assa nishkarsh kadhat, bockney 17 vya sainyache netrutva tatpurte paul ludwig evald wonn clistkade hastantarit karnyacha nirnay ghetala. "anek german lashkari senapatinpeksha qamee prathamik darjacha", hoth yanni yaa badalala virodh keela nahee. tatpurte badalale gele asale taree, tyane padchyut hone talhale aanee germananni rostove-aun-donn gamavalyanantar dakshinekadil aaghadi sthir karnyas madat kelee. meey 1942 darmyan kharkovchya dusya ladhait, hothane suruvatila 17vya sainyache netrutva kele, parantu 15 meey 1942 roji chauthya panzer sainyacha senapati mhanoon general richard rayufkadoon padbhar swikarla.
cases bluecha eka bhag mhanoon, dakshin soviet unionmadhil german unhali aakraman, hothane "utkrusht operational kamand kaushalya" pradarshit kele. tyachya netrutvakhali, chauthya panzer sainyane suruvatila 28 juuna 1942 roji cases bluechya suruvatila bryansk aaghadichya soviet sanrakshanatmak reshancha bhang keela, soviet prati-halle karoonahi twarit pragati kelee. sainya donn nadivar pohochale aanee 5 julaiparyant voronishwar hallah keela; hothchya sainyane lavkarach shaharacha bahutansh bhag surakshit keela. shaharat pratikar karnyache lakshaniy bhag rahile, parantu hitlerne hothala pudhe jaanyacha aadesh deela. soviet sainyane alekzandar lizyukovchya netrutvakhali voronez punha midvanyasathi pratiaakraman suru karoon pratyuttar dile. chauthya panzer sainyane sampoorn soviet tank sainya aanee anek tank corpscha samna keela heey okhane suruvatila olakhale nahee aanee prati-hallah "kshullak" mhanoon fetalala. tyamule chauthya panzer sainyachi yogyaritya balkati jhaali nahee, parantu hoth ajunahi prabhavi sanrakshn vyavasthapit karnyas saksham hota. 15 julaiparyant, soviet sainyane kelela pratiaakraman mage hatavanyat aale hote aanee chauthe panzer sainya punha pudhe sarkat hote.
chauthya panzer sainyane stellingradchya dishene thet pudhe jaanyas pathimba dene suru thewale asate asha cases bluechya mool yojanankade durlaksh karoon, nantar hitlerne hoth aanee tyachya sainyala donbasmadhil sainya gatala pathimba denyasathi punarnirdeshit kele. yaa 'gabit' madhye sahbhagi jhalelya chauthya panzer sainyat aanee itar german sainyat yaa velee indhanachi kamatarata asali taree, punarnirdeshit hallyala suruvatila lakshaniy yash midale. hothchya sainyane aanee pahilya panzer sainyane milerovochya paschimes paach soviet sainyala vedha ghatala, parantu teey niyantranat thevata aale nahee aanee soviet sainyacha barachsa bhag maghar ghenyas saksham jhaala. parinam kahihi asso, sainya gatala madat karnyasathi sainyachya yaa valanyane stellingradchya dishene thet german pragati mothya pramanat mandavali hotee. yaa ghadamodinmule nirash jhalelya hitlerne hothchya bahutansh sainyachi badali stellingrad tabyat ghenyachya 6 vya sainyachya prayatnanna madat karnyasathi kelee, chauthya panzer sainyakade fakt done tukadya aanee kahee sahayyak sainya hote. 31 julai roji, urvarit 4thya panzer sainyatil bahutansh lokanna 6thya sainyat punha niyukt karnyat aale, jaree hothala dakshinet eka panger sainya mage sodanyache aadesh denyat aale hote. chauthya panzer sainyala hii punarrachana kharab prakare prapt jhaali, kaaran tyachya sadasyancha vapar shahari yuddhat bhag ghenyaivaji khulya bhubhagatoon cocksusmadhye soviet sainyachya shodhat keela jaanyachi apeksha hotee. tyachya bajoone, hothane yojana badalalyavar pratikriya dett, chauthya panger sainyane stellingradla vedha ghalanyasathi moheem rabavali.
hothchya takyanni nairutyekadun kalmik maidanatoon stellingradla bajula karnyacha prayatna keela, jyamule soviet stellingrad front commander andree yariomenkola chauthya panzer sainyacha veg qamee karnyasathi tyachya bahutansh sainyavar laksh kendrit karnyas bhag padale. tyache sainya done tukadyanparyant qamee jhalyamule aanee vadhatya soviet pratikarala tond dilyane, hothchya sainyachi pragati mandavali. 11 augustparyant gherav ghalanyacha prayatna ayashasvi jhaala hota, kaaran vadhatya prabhavi soviet sanrakshanavar maat karnyasathi hothkade khoop qamee sainya hote. asha prakare, panzer sainyala stellingradvaril thet hallyat bhag ghenyasathi punarnirdeshit karnyat aale. 17 august teey 2 septemberparyant, teey uttarekade pudhe gele, jyamule 6 vya sainyacha dabav qamee honyas madat jhaali aanee manushyabal aanee tankchi sankhya kamkuvat asoonahi anek soviet sainyacha padav keela. jevha teey 6 vya sainyashi purnapane jodale gele aanee stellingradchya bahereel bhagat pohochale, tevha 4 weey panger sainya heey keval eka kamkuvat tank corps asalele 'nave panger sainya' hote.
septemberchya madhyaparyant, chauthya panzer sainyane stellingradchya concrete grain liftwar hallah keela; bachavkartyanpeksha mothya sankhyene asoonahi, german lokanni 21 september roji jhalelya vistarit yuddhanantarach teey thikan tabyat ghetale. yaa velee, laal sainya mothya pramanavar prati-hallyansathi sainya tainat karat hote. bahutek german senapatincha assa vishvas hota qee soviet sainya thakvyachya jawal aahe aanee keval eka aakraman karnyas saksham aahe, jeey lashkari gut kendrala lakshya karane apekshit aahe. hoth haah tyaa mojkya german senapatinpaiki eka hota, jyanna samajale qee stellingradchya dakshinekadun soviet sainyacha sambhavya hallah sahavya sainyasathi gambhir dhoka nirman karoo shakato. 6vya sainyachya dakshinekadil bajubabatchya tyachya ishanyankade mothya pramanat durlaksh karnyat aale. octobermadhye, hitlerne hothla tyacha shevatcha purn taakee vibhag 6 vya sainyat hastantarit karnyache aadesh dile.
operation uranus, hiwali vadal aanee thode shaniwar.
12 novembarparyant, hothchya lakshat aale hote qee laal sainya chauthya panzer sainyachya viruddha sainya jamvat aahe aanee soviet sainya spashtapane keval aapale sanrakshn sudharat nahee assa nishkarsh kadhala. 19 november 1942 roji, soviet operation uranuschi suruvat uttarekadil roman tisya sainyavar mothya hallyasah jhaali. tisya sainyavar lavkarach kabja karnyat aala aanee germananni tyancha kosalanara dawa bhag balkat karnyasathi dakshinekadun sainya halavoon pratyuttar dile. yamule tyancha dakshinekadil bhag aanakhi ughad jhaala. hothane bachavasathi prayatna karat asatana laal sainyane nantar stellingradchya dakshines hallah keela, akshare modali. tyache swatache mukhyalayahi dhokyat aale aanee chauthya panzer sainyala maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele. soviet sainyane pudhe jaaun sahavya sainyala vedha ghalanyachi dhamki dilee, tevha hitlerne tyala 'thampane ubhe rahanyache' aadesh dile aanee railway marg khule thevanyasathi polasala madat karnyasathi hoth niyukt kele. tathapi, novemberchya akheris, 6 weey sainya stellingradmadhye adakale hote, tasech hothchya 4 vya panzer sainyatil ardhe hote.
khishabaher, urvarit chauthya panzer sainyala aanee roman vhee aanee vi corpsna 'armi group hoth' mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee tyanni kotelnikovochya uttares laal sainyachi pragati mandavanyacha prayatna keela. tyanantar hothane chauthya panzer sainyasathi 6 vya sainyala mukt karnyasathi eka yojana aakhali, jyala operation hiwali vadal mhatale gele aanee 3 december roji tyachi ruparesha aakhali. tathapi, tyala tyache strike force velevar purn karnyasathi 17 weey panzer vibhag midale nahee; tyachya qamee samarthya asalelya dalane 12 december roji "generalfeldmarshal" erich wonn mansteinchya sainyachya donn samoohachya ekoon aadeshakhali madat prayatna suru kele. hothche sainya 15 decemberparyant workhnekumsky yethe thambavanyat aale hote, jyamule soviet dusya rakshak sainyala mishkova nadivaril aapali sthitee majboot karata aalee aanee operationchi thodishi tayari karata aalee. 16 december roji, teen soviet sainyane sainyachya donchya gatala dhamkavat aanee chauthya panzer sainyala thambavat, chhotyasha shaniwari operation suru kele. 25 decemberparyant, operation hiwali vadal ayashasvi jhaale hote aanee manstenne hothala tyache yashasvi prayatna sodoon denyache aadesh dile. soviet operation little satternney donchya sainya gatala dhoka nirman kelyamule tyala tyaeivaji german sanrakshanala balkati denyasathi madat karnyache nirdesh denyat aale. tathapi, chauthya panzer sainyane aata aaghadichya mothya bhagala cover karnyachya sthiteet navhate. ekandarit, yaa mohimandarmyan hothchya sainyache mothe nuksan jhaale aanee tyanna purv yukrenmadhye maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele.
kharkovchi tisari ladhai.
18 februwari roji, hothane tyachya sainyachi, toparyantchya miyas-frontcha bhag asaleli kamaan carl-edolph holidtkade sopavali. tyanantar too dnipropetrovsk yethe manstenla bhetala, jithe tyala kalavanyat aale qee chauthya panzer sainyachi punha ubharani kelee jaat aahe, jyat done taakee corps, done taakee vibhag, done payadal vibhag aanee waffen-ess. ess. unitcha samavesh aahe, jyat aay. ess. ess. panzer corps, "daas ritch" aanee "totenkoff" yancha samavesh aahe. tyachya aadeshanusar, yaa dalala soviet pahilya rakshak aanee 6 vya sainyala dnipropetrovskchya poorves thambavanyache aanee tyanna samara nadichya palikade parat dhakalanyache aadesh denyat aale. hii karvai kharkovchya tisya ladhaicha eka bhag hotee, joou donbass pradeshat pudhe jaananya soviet sainyachya virodhat pratiaakraman hota.
navyane sthapan jhalelya chauthya panzer sainyane 21 februwari roji hallah suru keela. german sainyane soviet firki bhalache haat kapale aanee hothchya sainyane 28 februwari roji kharkovar hallah suru karoon uttarekade moheem suru thewali. tathapi, marchchya suruvatiparyant, lavkar vitalalyane germananchya pragatila dhoka nirman jhaala; hoth aanee manstein yanni tharavale qee chauthya panzer sainyane kahihi farak naan padata dabav aanava. kharkovla 15 march roji germananni aanee 18 march roji belgorodne punha tabyat ghetale. vasant rutuchya rasputitsachya prarambhamule veharmach aanee laal sainya yaa donhicha thakwa aanee halchalincha hasad yamule marchchya madhyaparyant donhi bajunsathi mohima thambavanyat aalya. pratiaakramanamule eka pramukh bhag german niyantran kshetraparyant vistarla, joou kursk shaharachya bhovati kendrit hota aanee operation citadelparyant gela.
kursk, neeper aanee shevatchya aadeshanchya ladhaya.
julai 1943 madhye, hothane dakshin sainya gatacha bhag mhanoon kurskachya ladhait chauthya panzer sainyache netrutva kele. operation citadelane, kurskakade nirdeshit, duheri aavaranasathi, soviet bachavkartyanna vedhanyasathi aanee mukhya bhag seal karnyasathi aavahan kele. sainyachya dakshin gatane hothchya chauthya panzer sainyasah lashkarachya tukadi "kempuff" laa vachanbaddha kele. yaa velee, hoth heey veharmachya varishtha patalivaril sarvat anubhavi tank kamandarpaiki eka manale jaat hote, parantu yuddhachya aadhichya kalkhandachya tulanet tyanche netrutva qamee prabhavi hote. hothane "jaljal jawal yet asalyachi" chinhe darshavili assa yuktivad forcizicne keela. kursk yetheel aakramanala varanvar vilamb hott asalyane, vadhatya soviet sanrakshanamule operation citadelchya yashachya shakyatambaddal hoth adhikadhik nirashavadi jhaala. asey asoonahi, german abhiyante soviet khankshetra phaar adchanishivay kadhoon taktil asey gruheet dharoon, hoth tasech tyach navane lashkari tukadicha commander verner kempuff yaa doghannihi kursk yethe adthala nirman karnyasathi tayari naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyanna nikolai vatuteenchya sanrakshn reshanchi kholee aanee takad dekhil kalali nahee. niyojanatil german chukanmule, aakramanadarmyan hoth aanee kempuff yanchyatil samanvay kharab asel, pratyekjan swatantra ladhai ladhel.
jevha operation citadel suru jhaala, tevha paul hosserchya netrutvakhalil II ess. ess. panzer corpsdware balkat kelelya hothchya vibhaganni prokhorovkachya ladhait thambanyapurvi anek soviet sanrakshanatmak reshanmadhye pravesh keela. heey anshatah pudhe jaanyat sankoch karnyamagche parinam hote, kaaran tyachya bajoo soviet prati-hallyanni dhokyat aalya hotya, tarr kempufche sainya tiku shakale navhate. dusarikade, forzikne assa yuktivad keela qee hothney herman breathchya ayashasvi hallyanna balkati denyasathi manstenchya aadeshankade durlaksh karane "yogyach" tharavale. ekandarit, kurskchi ladhai haah soviet sanghacha eka motha vijay hota.
kurskachya nantar, laal sainyane yashasvi aakramananchi malika suru kelee jee neeper olandali. hoth nadivaril soviet pulache sheershe nasht karoo shakala nahee. september 1943 madhye, hothchya sainyat laal sainyachya tukadyanni sakriyapane ghuskhori kelee aanee maghar ghetana dekhil teey aaghadichi aaghadi kayam thevu shakale naheet. sainyane kivachya dakshin aanee uttarela neeper mothya pramanat nuksanasah paar kele. asey asoonahi, yaa dhoranatmak magharsathi aanee niparmadhye tyachya sanrakshanasathi tyala okchi paaney aanee talvarisah lokhandi crosscha ghodyacha cross midala. novembermadhye, laal sainyane aashcharyakarak aakramanat hothchya sanrakshanala todale, jyane keevla punha tabyat ghetale aanee shevati germananna purv yukrenmadhun baher dhakalale. yaa parabhavasathi hitlerne doshi tharavalelya keev "apmanit" hothcha zapatyane parabhav. itihaskar earl eff. zimkene asehi mhatale qee toparyant hitlerla "eka inchahi naan deta dharoon thevanare senapati havey hote", tarr hoth haah bhramanaksham sanrakshanat tadnya hota. november 1943 madhye, hothala adhikrutpane "aaram karnyasathi" rajevar thevanyat aale aanee 10 december 1943 roji tyala aadeshatun mukt karnyat aale. forsikne assa yuktivad keela qee niparchya ladhaitil german apayash heey hitlerchya samarik babinmadhye hastakshep tasech hoths veharmach commanderchya soviet karvaichi apeksha karnyat asamarthatemule jhaale hote. tyanchya matey, tyanni laal sainyachya jalad sudharana olakhalya navhatya.
tyachya padavarun kadhoon taklyanantar, hitlerne hothcha "aajari mahilancha pakshi" aanee "sarvat white prakarchya parabhwala uttejan denara" assa nishedh keela. hothane pudhil vel 'furer reserve' madhye ghalavala. april 1944 madhye jaree tyanna dhatoo parvatanche senapati mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale asale, taree heey padd "purnapane arthaheen" hote. april 1945 madhye hothala yogyaritya parat bolavanyat aale. tyala selcha senapati mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee 12 weey sainya punha ladhanyasathi tayar hoiparyant halley-leapzig kshetrache rakshan karnyache aadesh denyat aale. tyane mulde aanee elbe yethe eka bachavatmak resha tayar kelee aanee tyache sainya tutanyapurvi pudhe jaananya united stateschya sashastr dalanna kahee pratikar keela. tyanantar, tyane tumchyakade sharan yenyapurvi punha dhatoo parvatancha senapati mhanoon kaam kele.ess. 7 meey 1945 roji american sainya.
khatala.
yuddh sampalyanantar, hothwar tyanantarchya neuremberg khatalyanmadhye, hayakmandchya khatalyat khatala chalavanyat aala.
aaroppatra.
hothwar chaar aarop thevanyat aale hoteh
hothcha purava.
aaplya sakshichya velee tyanni november 1941 madheel aaplya aadeshache spashtikaran denyacha prayatna keela, jyacha uddesh keval "bolshevik-jyoo pratikar" nasht karane haah hota. tyane holocostabaddal konatihi mahitee nakarli aanee dawa keela qee tyachya soochanancha arth keval tyachya sainyane satark rahave aanee manobal vadhavanyacha hetu hotah "german sainik tyachya changlya swabhavat hota... too ajunahi shatruchya pradeshat hota aanee bolshevismchi shakti [todavi lagali] heey sahaj visaroon gela. yaa upkramacha parinam mhanoon nagarikanna konatihi sharirik haanee jhaali nahee, assa aagrah tyane dharala, jee tyachya sainyane "swachchh hatanni" amalat aanali. jarr konatyahi jyoo lokanna marle gele asel tarr teey german sainyavirodhatil gunhyanshi sambandhit asalyamule hote, asey hothane mhatale. "russiamadhye hii sarvashrut baab hotee qee visheshtah jyoo lokannich vidhvansak krutye, hergiri ityadinmadhye mothya pramanat bhag ghetala hota., assa dawa hothane keela. tathapi, tyanni asehi sangitale qee russian lock sahajpane netrutvachya gambhir swarupashi julavun ghetale gele hote, saumyatela kamkuvatpana manale. german vyaparachya kroorateche purese samarthan karnyasathi hathcha yaa yuktivadavar vishvas hota.
faujdari aayukt aadeshachya sandarbhat, hothane dawa keela qee tyala tyachya netrutvakhalil sainikanna too pathvanyas bhag padale gele hote, anyatha tyachya jaagi adhik palan karnara adhikari aala asata. aayukt aadeshachi amalbajavani karanyachi magani karnyasahi tyanni nakar deela aanee tyanni tyala virodh keela asalyache sangitale. tyanni asey mutt vyakt kele qee tyanni pratyakshat kadhihi konatahi virodh keela nasla taree tyanchya adhinsthanna tyanchya aadeshachya napasantibaddal mahitee asel. asey asoonahi tyanni parasparvirodhi vaktavyehi kelee. ekada, tyane assa yuktivad keela qee hitlerne tyachya senapatinna kahihi gunhegari karnyache aadesh dile nasate, assa dawa karat qee 'furer' laa fakt 'raktaranjit pashoo' asalelya sainikanche sanrakshn karayache hote. hothane asehi mhatale qee hitlerchya konatyahi aadeshane german lashkari dand sanhitechya kalam 48 chey sthan ghetale aahe, jyane pushti kelee aahe qee sainikanna spashtapane faujdari aadeshanche palan karnyache bandhan nahee. tyachya sainyane bandhakanchya hatyechya puravyanna pratisad mhanoon, hothane heey dekhil nakarle. tyaeivaji, soviet neta joseph stallinver pakshapati yuddhachya kroortesathi dosharop karat, keval pakshapati lokannach fashi denyat aalee asey tyanni mhatale. shivay, tyanni asey mhatale qee soviet yuddhakaidyanna nehmich changli vaganuk dilee jaat asey, assa yuktivad karat qee, 'ivan' yaa topananavacha vapar kelyane 'aaplya sainikanche russian yuddhakaidyanshi asalele kautumbik naate' disun yete. nyayadhikaranala prabhavit karnyachya prayatnat, hothchya vakilane tyachya changlya charitryachi saksh denari 92 pratidnyapatre sadar kelee.
aantarrashtriy lashkari nyayadhikaranala hothche yuktivad vishvasarh vatale naheet. steinchya matey, hayakmandchya khatalyachya velee "vhalar vyatirikt, itar konatyahi generalchi adhik khilli udavali gelee nahee". hothchya jyoo lokanchya hatyakandabaddalachya kathit mahitichya abhavasandarbhat nyayadhikaranane artemovsk hatyakandakade laksh vedhale. 14 december 1941 roji, 'sicherhetsdienst' (ess. dii.) neey hothchya kamandachya bhagat artemovsk yethe 1,224 jyoo aanee 93 itar kaidyanchi hatya kelee hotee; tyane kabool kele qee tyala samoohik hatyechi mahitee denyat aalee hotee. nyayadhikaranane assa nishkarsh kadhala qee asha prakare tyala ess. dii. chya jyoo lokanchya hatyechi purnapane jaaniv hotee, parantu hothchya netrutvakhalil 17 vya sainyane ajunahi kaidyanna ess. dii. kadey supurd karane suru thewale aanee agencyla sahkarya karane suru thewale.
yavyatirikt, hothane tyachya sampoorn dnyanane aanee manyatesah aayukt aadesh prasarit keela hota yache spasht purave hote aanee anek ahavalanni pushti kelee qee tyala pakadalya gelelya shekado aayuktanchya fashichi mahitee hotee. keval pakshapatich navhe tarr "pakshapati sanshayit kinwa sahanubhootishil" yanchya samoohik fashiche hothche dnyan aanee manyata darshavinare mothya pramanat purave dekhil hote. hothchya commad antargat ghubadanna gairvartan karnyashi sambandhit nyayadhikaranane 25 november 1941 roji 17 vya lashkarachya 'oberquarteermister' (mukhya quartermaster) chya ahavalacha sandarbh deela, jyat hatya, jaanunbujun upasamar, manvi dhaal mhanoon vapar aanee ghudyanchya kalyanakade samanya durlaksh yaa prakarananchi ruparesha dilee gelee. nyayadhikaranane kabool kele qee "yaa serve atinche" shrey hothala dile jaau shakat nahee, parantu senapatine pratikar karnyasathi konatehi prayatna kele naheet aanee kahee prakarananmadhye gairvartanala manyata dilee. hothane jabardastine kaam karnyasathi aanee darugola bharnare mhanoonahi dhanushya vaparnyache aadesh dile hote.
nyay aanee shiksha.
eka aanee chaar prakaranankhali hothchi nirdosh muktata karnyat aalee. tyala aayukt aadesh aanee dhanushyala bekaydeshir vaganuk denyachya babatit dusya kramankakhali doshi tharvanyat aale. pakshapati aanee jyoo lokanshi sambandhit asalyacha sanshay asalelya nagarikanchya hatyeshi sambandhit nagarikanvaril gunhyansah yuddh gunhe aanee manavteviruddhachya gunhyansathi tyala tisya kramankakhalihi doshi tharvanyat aale. aantarrashtriy lashkari nyayadhikaranane hothchya virodhat khaleel nirnay dilah
27 aktoobar 1948 roji tyanna 15 varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. hothane landsberg emm lechchya turungat aapala vel ghalavala. tyane aapali turungatil kartavye palali, matra aapali nirdoshata kayam thewali. janewari 1951 madhye, hothchya shikshecha konatahi badal naan karata aadhava ghenyat aala. april 1954 madhye tyanchi parolver sutka karnyat aalee; tyanchi shiksha 1957 madhye velevar qamee karnyat aalee.
nantarche jeevan aanee varsa.
tyachya sutkenantar too goslarmadhye sthayik jhaala jithe tyane tyache urvarit ayushya vyateet kele. tyane eka chhand mhanoon herz parvatanvar chalane suru kele aanee dusya mahayuddhashi sambandhit vishayanvar lihayala suruvat kelee. 1956 madhye hoth yanni 'panzer-operation' navache pustak lihile. 1961 madhye yaa pustakache russian bhashet 'tankovy aperesi' yaa shirshakakhali aanee 2015 madhye 'panzer operations germanycha panzer group 3 russiachya aakramanadarmyan, 1941' yaa navane ingerjit bhashantar karnyat aale. ingraji bhashantarache samikshak criss buckham yanni tyache varnan 'atishay vachaniy aanee vicharprerak' asey kele. hoth yanni 'veharkunde' yaa niyatkalikasathi anek lekhahi lihile. yapaiki eka lekhat, hothane paschim germanychya naveen sashastr dalanna, majboot tank vibhag tayar karnyasathi, 'bundesweher' sathee 'jawaljawal unmadpurn' aavahan kele. tyane veharmach adhikadhyanshi sampark sadhala jyanna bandasveharmadhye bharati karnyat aale hote, jase qee friedrich forsch.
1960 chya dashakat, tyanni german itihaskaranviruddha bolanyas suruvat kelee jyanni yuddhacha abhyas karnyas suruvat kelee aanee nazi germanyne kelelya gunhyanvar prakash takala. hothane assa dawa keela qee german diggajannach yuddhavishayichya samajutila aakar denyacha 'adhik motha adhikar' asayala havah. tyanchya matey, sangharshachya vruttantanmadhye parabhavanvar laksh kendrit kele jaau naye aanee tyaeivaji sambhavya adhikanyanna bharati honyasathi prerit karnyachya "bundesweher" chya kshamateche rakshan karnyasathi veharmachi "veer pratima" rakhali pahije. tyanni tyanchi shevatchi varshe german sainyachi sarvajanik dharana "jatan" karnyachya prayatnat ghalavali, patrakar aanee itihaskaranchya mulakhati dilya. yavyatirikt, hoth, fritz bairlain aanee anek majee ess. ess. adhikaanyaanee paul carelsobat jawalun kaam kele aanee tyanna 'unternaymen barbarosa' (1963 madhye prakashit) navache pustak lihinyas madat kelee. carellne dusya mahayuddhadarmyan german pracharak mhanoon kaam kele hote aanee 'unternaymen barbarosa' neey holocast aanee itar german yuddh gunhyankade durlaksh karoon, swachchh veharmachya mithkala tasech waffen-ess. ess. chya sadasyanche niyamit sainik mhanoon chitran karnyas pathimba deela. unternaymen barbarosa' sathichya lekhan prakriyet, hothney carelver stellingradchya mohimanmadhil mansteinchya kamgiriche sakaratmak chitran karnyasathi prabhav padala. samikshak raymond ell. garthoffney assa yuktivad keela qee 'hitler moves eastah 1941-1943' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya 'unternaymen barbarosa' chey ingraji bhashantar heey 'pratham shreniche lashkari aitihasik varnan' hote, jaree teey veharmach samarthak purvagrah darshavit hote aanee 'adhik nindaniy german kamgiri vagalanyacha' cull darshavit hote. michael parrish adhik tikatmak hota, tyane yaa pustakache varnan "german sainyache gaurav karnyacha prayatna aanee serve balichya bakyanpaiki sarvat soyiskar asalelya edolph hitlerver dosharop karnyacha prayatna" asey kele, tarr tathyatmak chuka aanee jaanunbujun vagalalelya goshtincha dekhil tras sahan karava lagla. itihaskar ronald smelser aanee edward jeey. davies yanni sahmati darshavali, qee "hitler purvekade sarkatoh 1941-1943" heey anekada dishabhul karnare asate, jyamadhye "veharmach heey nayak mhanoon" samyavadachya ashiyai tolhyanshi ladhanare "chitrit kele jaate, tarr keval hitlerla atyachar aanee antim german parabhavasathi dosh dile jaate.
1965 pasoon, hothche bandasveharche mahanirikshak ulrich dii mazier yanchyashi jawalche sampark jhaale. heey doghe dusya mahayuddhapasun ekmekanna olakhat hote, kaaran teey veharmachmadhye seva kartana pahilyanda bhetale hote. yuddhanantarchi tyanchi pahili baithak tyanchya samanya parichit, friedrich forsch yanni aayojit kelee hotee aanee dii mazierne shodhale qee tyanna assa vishvas aahe qee takichya tukadyanni paschim german sainyacha gabha tayar keela pahije. doghanni niyamitpane vishayanvar charcha karnyas suruvat kelee aanee mahanirikshakanni sarvajanikpane hothbaddal aapale uchch mutt vyakt kele.
25 janewari 1971 roji hothche goslar yethe nidhan jhaale. tyanchya pashchat tyanchi patni lola hotee.
itihaskar david emm. glantz aanee jonathan emm. haus yanni hothche varnan "germanychya sarvat anubhavi bakhtarband davpechinpaiki eka" asey kele. zimkene assa yuktivad keela qee hothane tyachya mohimanmadhye "bhramanaksham sanrakshanachi prabhutva" darshavili. buckhamchya matey, hoth haah "dusya mahayuddhadarmyan german sainyat seva denanya sarvat mahan bakhtarband senapatinpaiki eka manla jaato". panzer operations' chey anuvadak sanshodhak linden leons yanni assa yuktivad keela qee hoth haah nihsanshaypane dusya mahayuddhatil sarvat hushar tank kamandarpaiki eka hota, tarihi nazivadachya vistarvadi aanee varnadveshi vichardharebaddalachya tyachya tivra utsahane heey jhakale gele aahe. steinne hothche varnan 'eka utkrusht' panzer 'senapati mhanoon kele. pann yuddhachya mothya aitihasik sandarbhat, too konihi navhata. yuddhadarmyan, hothane vistrut nondi lihilya hotya, jyaa "ardh diary" chya lambishi tulana karata yeu shakatat. jaree itihaslekhanat yaa nondinkade byanch kalapasoon durlaksh kele gele asale taree, hearterne assa yuktivad keela qee hothche lekhan uchch moolya aahe kaaran teey halderchya dincharyanmadhye asalelya mahitila purak aahet. udaharanarth, hothane hitlerchya operation barbarosachya aadhi tyachya uchch padasth adhikanyanna dilelya bhashanache dastaivajikaran itar konatyahi strotapeksha adhik tapshilvar kele, jyat german dhoranatmak aanee vaicharik uddishtanchi ruparesha dilee gelee.