
tantradnyan-lokpriyata

techno-populism mhanje ektar technocracychya bajoone lokpriavad kinwa vishisht tantradnyanasandarbhat lokpriavad-samanyatah mahitee tantradnyan-kinwa digital madhyamancha vapar karoon bolali jaanari konatihi lokpriavadi vichardhara. yacha vapar anukrame ekte rajkarani kinwa sampoorn rajkiy chalvali karoo shakatat. ashach prakare vaparlya jaanarya shejaril sandnya mhanje tantrik lokpriavad, tantrik lokpriavad aanee cyber-lokpriavad.
italichi panchtarankit chalval aanee francechi laa republic aine march! tantradnyanachya aadhare chalana rajkiy chalvali mhanoon tyanche varnan kele gele aahe. 
vyutpatti.
techno-populism" haah shabd ektar naveen sanyukt arth midvinyasathi tantradnyan aanee lokpriavadacha eka sanyog aahe, kinwa technocracy aanee lokpriavadacha vapar karoon eka sanyog aahe. heey lakshat aale aahe qee tantrik-lokpriyatechya vyapak vyakhyanmadhye tantrik-lokpriyatechya pradeshik prakarancha samavesh nahee, parinami "lokpriatevarche anubhavjanya karya jawaljawal nehmich vishisht desh kinwa jaagtik pradeshanpurte maryadit aahe. aantar-rashtriy aanee aantar-pradeshik tulanancha kharch aanee adachani lakshat gheta heey anshatah apariharya aahe aanee anekada lokpribhavnechya rashtriy aanee pradeshik abhivyaktinche tapasheel anirdisht manale jaatat. yacha arth assa qee loksahitya heey jitke asave titke sanchayi nahee aanee teey apavadatmak bhramansathi pravan aahe ". technopulism kinwa technological populismcha arth lokpriy madhyamansathi aadhunik digital tantradnyanacha vapar karane assa dekhil asoo shakato. navintam arth cyber-lokpriyatesarkhach aahe.
tantradnyanachi samanyatah manali jaanari vyakhya mhanje "vyavharik hetunsathi, visheshtah udhyogat vaidnyanik dnyanacha vapar", tarr bahutek shikshanatadnyankade asaleli lokpriavadachi vyakhya "eka rajkiy drushtikon aahe joou samanya lokanna aakarshit karnyacha prayatna karato jyanna vatate qee tyanchya chintankade pratishthit uchchabhru gatanni durlaksh kele aahe". yaa done vyakhyanchya sandarbhat, tantrik-lokpriyateche varnan 'rajkiy vichardhara' asey kele gele aahe jee tyanchya sattechya abhavabaddal aanee tyanchya deshachya rajkiy aanee aarthik sanvadashi sanvad sadhanyabaddal chintit asalelya lokanchya gatala aakarshit karate, jeey tantrik dnyanadvare sadar kele jaate. kahee shikshanatadnyanni hii sandnya nakarli aanee itar lokmatvadi bhashanachya online vadhiche vishleshan karnyasathi tyacha vapar karat asatana, techno-populismchi vyakhya shaikshanik kshetrat vividh upyogansah eka ekeri, gondhalat taknari vichardhara mhanoon kelee jaau shakate. 
tantrik lokpriavad.
technocratic populism heey technocracy aanee populismche sanyojan aahe jeey matdaranna kaushalyachya madhyamatoon netyanshi jodate aanee utpadan-kendrit aahe. tantradnyanachya lokshahit lokranjakta rajkaranachya ujavya-davya vibhajanachya palikade upay dete, jeey tantradnyanni sadar kele aahet aanee samanya lokanna laabh detat. paschim europemadhil tantradnyanachya lokarachanecha vapar karananya rajkarnyanchi udaharane mhanje guseppe sandarbh aanee emmanuel macron, tarr seudadanos, corbinism, podemos aanee emm5 hii samaan rajkiy chalvalinchi udaharane aahet. tantrik-lokpriyatechya arthane tantrik-lokpriyatela kadhikadhi "techno-facism" asey mhatale jaate, jithe rajkiy adhikar keval tantrik kaushalyane midvile jaatat. techno-facism hii eka sankalpana aahe jee janis mimura yanni tantradnyanni amalat aanalelya hukumshahi niyamache varnan karnyasathi sadar kelee aahe.
tantrik lokpriavad.
tantrik lokpriatache nidan, vikendrikrut nirnay prakriyedvare samanya lokanna saksham banavanyachya, vyavharanchi namnamyata sulabh karnyachya, truteey pakshanshivay vishvas saksham karnyachya aanee aarthik vyavasthechya ekadhikarshahicha samna karnyachya, blockchain manchanchya babatit kele jaate. tantrik lokpriavad rajkaran aanee tantradnyan vegale karat nahee, tadnyanvaril vishvas nakarat nahee aanee tantrik nirnay ghenyachya prakriyela sarvajanik kshetrat nett nahee. marco deseries yanchya matey, tantrik lokpriatvavadachya arthane tantrik-lokpriatvavad haah assa vishvas aahe qee digital madhyamandvare lokpriy swarajya prapt karata yeteh "lokpriatvavad haah assa vishvas aahe qee" lokanche, lokandware, lokansathiche sarkar "(linken 1953 [1863]) mahitee sampreshan tantradnyanachya madhyamatoon sadhya karata yete. [...] technopulism heey eka udayonmukh pravachan (faucault 1972) mhanoon, mhanje dnyan, nikash, drushtikon aanee paddhatincha eka samooh mhanoon, jeey done aadhipasoon astitvat asalelya pravachanechya sankarikaranatun udbhavate, asha faucoldian shabdanmadhye dekhil samajale jaau shakateh populism aanee technolibertarianwad. jaree yaa viveki paddhati aitihasikdrushtya vegalya asalya taree, mea assa yuktivad karato qee 2008 chya jaagtik aarthik sankatanantar tyaa ekatra yeu lagalya aahet kaaran sattadhari uchchabhru lokanchya sankatala chukichya paddhatine hatalalyabaddal vyapak nairashyane aantarrashtriy nishedh chalvalinna chalana dilee aanee italitil panchtarankit chalval, spainmadhil podemos aanee eyeslandmadhil samudri daku paksh yasarkhya "technoparties" chya naveen pidhila chalana dilee."
kahee srot sarkarsathi mahitee tantradnyanachya vaparashi sambandhit tantrik lokpriavadacha samanarthi shabd mhanoon 'cyber-populism' haah shabd vapartat aanee tyache done prakar dekhil olakhatatah 
itihas.
lokpriyata aanee tantradnyanache sanyojan karoon tantrik-lokpriyata nirman hone hii jaagtik arthshastra aanee rajkaranatil alikadil ghatana aahe aanee 20 vya shatkachya shevatapasun alikadchya varshanparyant tyat vikas jhalela aahe. daniele karamanichya matey, "playtochya rajkaranachya aanee roman prajasattakachya sankalpanepasun teey aadhunik yugaparyant rajkiy prakriyanmadhye lokpriavad astitvat aahe. 19vya shatkatil rashtriy aanee audhyogik krantinantar pratinidhik lokshahi aanee pakshiy sarkarancha vikas jhaala asala taree lokpriavad aanee tantradnyan yaa aadarshanshi susangat rahoon kaam karat rahile aahe.
21 vya shatkat internetcha uday aanee tyacha samanya vapar jhalyamule, lokprimi chalvalichya swatantra kavharejache jalad vitaran kele jaau shakate aanee lakho lock pahoo shakatat mhanoon tantrik-lokpriy chalvalinna visheshtah samajik madhyamancha prasar karnyas saksham kele gele aahe. yamule lokpriy rajkaranasathi samajik madhyamanchya maas networking kshamatandvare prekshakanparyant pohochanyachi kshamata sadar jhaali aahe, jee digital yugapurvi ashakya hotee. tantradnyanatil pragatidvare pradan kelelya dalanvalan aanee digital madhyamanni nagarikanna lokshahi prakriyet sahbhagi honyasathi rajkiy samaveshaktechya naveen sandhee dilya aahet aanee shevati viveki aanee sahbhagi paddhatinvar kendrit naveen sarvajanik kshetrachi nirmiti kelee aahe.
lokpriavad aanee lokshahi heey donhi aaj jagachya vegvegalya bhaganmadhye vyapak aahet, parantu internetsarkhya tantradnyanatil vikasamule lokpriy chalvalinni pradeshik sandarbhat bhinn samasya asoonahi ekach velee internetvaril sanvadavar kahee pramanat upasthiti vikasit kelee aahe. heey lakshat ghenyasarkhe aahe qee jagatil serve pradeshanmadhye tantradnyan-lokpriyata vadhat aahe, parantu tyacha sambandh gelya done dashakanmadhye internetcha avalamb karnyashi aahe jevadha too lokpriy vichardharanchya prasarat aahe. daniele karamani assa yuktivad karatat qee "tantrik-lokpriy jamavat hii keval pradeshik kshetranpurati maryadit nahee tarr vishisht vishayanvar protsahan dilee jaau shakate, jyanna sansthedvare jaanunbujun kinwa nakalat sambodhit kele jaat nahee".
pradeshanusar tantrik aanee tantrik lokpriyata.
uttar america.
aarthik aanee samajik samasyanmadhye aamulagra badal hounahi mothya pramanat rajkiy pakshanni sadar kelelya navsanrakshakvad aanee nigamit moolye yanchyaviruddhachya pratikriyemule americet gelya dashakat tantradnyan-lokpriyatecha vikas jhaala aahe. visheshtah, id1 chya aarthik sankatamule 1 takkyachya virodhat naraji 99 takkyanni vadhali. mothya mandila pratisad mhanoon, vadhatya aarthik samasyambaddal jagrukta aananyasathi chalvali sthapan karnyat aalya aanee kabja chalval aanee chaha party chalval yaa donhi tantrik-lokpriy chalvali hotya jyanna badalasathi virodh karnyat aala hota. kabja chalvalichya lokpriy drushtikonatun tethil 'lock' hyala '99 takke' mhatale jaat asey, tarr tyanni 'wall streetchya' aarthik aanee rajkiy uchchabhru vargala 'aavhan dile.
canadamadhye, keval sudharana pakshch lokpriy paksh mhanoon patra tharato, jyache prarambhik aanee tikavoon thevanare aavahan 'abhijat varg' chya viruddha 'lokanna' hote. sudharana pakshachya charchanmadhye lock aanee uchchabhru yaa doghanchi olakh uttar amerikechya lokpriyatechya itihasatil byanch bhagat samajalya gelelya lokanshi lakshaniyaritya visangat hotee aanee canadachya rajkaranatil sudharana pakshachya vishisht bhoomikesathi teey mahattvache tharale aahe. 2000 saalee teey visarjit jhalyamule, tyanni aapali rajkiy chalval pudhe nenyasathi digital sampreshanachya pailuncha vapar keela nahee. video aanee soshal mediavaril batmyanmule udbhavalelya tantrik-lokpriy chalvaliche alikadil udaharan mhanje canadatil pivalya rangachya baniyananchya nishedhache. gelya dashakat canadachya sarkar aanee samajik chalvalinmadhye lokpriy chalvalichya vividh pailuncha samavesh kayam aahe aanee lokanna yaa karananshi jodanyat tantradnyanachi bhoomika haah cull vikasit karnyat mahattvachi aahe.
europe.
europemadhye, tantradnyan-lokpriyata hii jaal asalelya vyaktinchi chalval aahe jee agraganya tantradnyan aanee netrutvahin rajkiy sanghatanela ekata pradan karnyat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavanyasathi deshachya nagarikancha pathpurava karate aanee tyanna lagoo karate. internetchya aagmananantar european rajkaranat tantrik-lokpriy chalvalinche astitva aahe, parantu internetchya aadhi teey lokanparyant prachar karnyasathi vegvegalya nave aanee paddhatinni astitvat aahet. europemadhil tantradnyan-lokpriy pakshanchya navintam pidhimadhye bhrashtacharala balee padnare davya vicharsaraniche lock aanee italitil panchtarankit chalvalitil vadhata aarthik abhijat varg, spainmadhil podemos aanee eyeslandmadhil samudri daku paksh yancha samavesh aahe. germanytil germanychya paryayanpasun teey francemadhil rashtriy ralliparyant aanee italichya rashtriy yutiparyant, jyanni tyanchya swatachya donhi deshanmadhye tasech european sansadet sansadiy jaaga midavalya aahet, sampoorn europemadhye ujavya vicharsaranichya eurocaptic pakshanmadhyehi vaadh jhaali aahe. samajik madhyamanvar samarthan gut aanee mohimanchya prasaradvare, tantradnya-lokpriy pakshanna anuyayanna ekatra aananyat aanee tyancha sandesh lokanparyant pohochavanyat yash aale aahe. 2018 chya uttaradhat teey 2019 chya suruvatiparyant, pivalya rangachya baniyan chalvaline francemadhil emmanuel macronla gasschi kimmat vadhavnyababat aavhan dile. edam nositorchya matey, "itar rashtravadi chalvalinpramanech pivalya rangachya zaga chalvaline aarthik vargavishayichi vishamata aanee kamgar vargachya french lokanna tyanchya gadyanchi garaj asalelya bilanchi paratfed karnyat asamarthata door karnyacha prayatna keela". pivalya rangachi baniyan chalval hii varg samanatechya samarthanarth eka tantrik-lokpriy chalval mhanoon adviteey hotee, tarr europbharatil itar pakshanni tyanchya rashtravadi olakhivar 'lokanna' sadar karnyavar laksh kendrit kele aahe, parantu tarihi tyanni tyanchya chalvaliche viral video pasaravanyachya samanya pravrutticha vapar tyanchya hetula protsahan denyasathi keela.
sadhya madhya europemadhye, italian rashtriy yutee aanee northern leegne matdaranshi adhik jodale jaanyasathi tantrik-lokpriy vaktavyacha vapar karoon vividh sansadiy jaaga jinkalya aahet. itar pradeshanpramane, europemadhil mothya pramanat lokpriy rajkiy paksh eurocaptic jahirnama samayik karatat. assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee, "yaa ujavya vicharsaranichya lokprishth pakshanni austriyachya sarkar sthapanebabat samajalya jaananya bekaydeshir aanee dhongi european unionchya hastakshepacha nishedh karnyasathi austriyan sarkarchya pathishi ekatra jamale aahe, jyamadhye austriyacha lokprishthavadi kattarpanthi paksh samavisht aahe", tarr sylvio berlusconi yanni geanfranco phiinii rashtriy yutee aanee umberto bosichya northern leags yutee kelee hotee, hii ashich eka sarkar rachana hotee, jee european unionne shiksha naan midaleli hotee. hyamulech mudd yanni asey mhatale aahe qee, "jevha atireki sanstha lokshahi tattvanvar aadharit nirbandh lavnyacha prayatna karatat, tevha lokvadi shaktinna adhik vaidhata dilyashivay tyaa rashtriy sattechya vishamata door karnyas saksham nasatat".
dakshin europemadhye, italitil tantrik-lokpriy panchtarankit chalvaline (emm5ess) ekoon matanpaiki jawaljawal 25 takke matey midvat aapale lokpriy aakarshan dakhavun dile aahe. itar lokprimi pakshanpramanech, tyanni 'lokanchya ichchela tyanchya swatachya hitsambandhanpeksha pudhe naan thevana bhrasht rajkiy varga' chya rupat pahana goshtila virodh karnyasathi 'lokanna' sanghatit karnyamage morcha kadhala. 2018 teey 2021 paryant deshache netrutva karnare aanee nantar emm5aiisha nete banalele italiche majee pantpradhan, giuseppe sandarbh, yanna anekada tantradnyanache lokpriy mhanoon sambodhale gele aahe.
ashiya.
sampoorn ashiyamadhye, done mukhya rajkiy vyavasthanmadhye lokshahi aanee hukumshahi rajye yancha samavesh aahe. madhya ashiya aanee purv ashiyane tyanchya deshanmadhye nirankush kinwa aarthik netrutva pradan karoon satat rajkiy vyavastha rakhali aahe, tyamule dakshin purv ashiyamadhye lokprimi aanee tantrik-lokpriyatechya ektrikaranachi sarvat mothee vaadh jhaali aahe. assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee, "jevha shrimant varg netrutva badal shodhat asatat, tevha teey anekada, asamanata aanee prasthapit uchchabhru varg rakhanyasathi samarpit asalelya lashkari shaskasarkhya balvananna pathimba detat. jevha nirankush-pravan lokmatvadi aagney aashiyatil nivadanuka jinktat, tevha uchch aanee uchch-madhyam varganni anekada thayaland aanee philipinsasarkhya deshanmadhye, uthav kinwa vastavik uthavadvare lokmatvadyanna hatvoon pratikar keela aahe. madhyapurvet, 2011chaa arab vasant haah eka chalval hotee jee rajkiy jagrutichya prasarat tantrikdrushtya lokpriy hotee, parantu tee hukumshahi rajyanviruddhachya bandapeksha lokpriy chalval navhati.
africa.
aafriketil lokprishrchak chalvali pramukhyane veej aanee paanee, kachara sankalan, gharanchi upalabdhata aanee parvadanare ann yaa sankatanche nirakaran karnyachya african sarkaranchya kshamatebhovati firat aahet. alikadchya kalat lokpriy rajkiy paksh. 2000 chya dashakachya suruvatipasun, zambiyachya rajkiy drushyat maykal satachya netrutvakhalil deshbhaktipar aaghadi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya virodhi pakshane parivartan kele aahe. garib shahari aanee grameen loksankhyechya asantoshacha vapar karoon nivadanukanvar prabhav padnyasathi keeniya, dakshin africa aanee zambiyatil adhyakshiy nivadnukanmadhye lokprimi paksh upasthit rahile aahet, parantu tyanche aavahan vadhavanyasathi digital madhyamancha tyancha vapar itar pradeshanchya tulanet qamee spasht aahe.
pradeshanusar cyber-loksankhya.
uttar america.
chahachya mejavanichya chalvalit tantrik-lokpriyata hotee, jee pramukhyane 'abhijat varg' laa virodh karanyachi karyapaddhati mhanoon utpadaktevar kendrit hotee. hii chalval rashtradhyaksh barak obama yanchya lokshahi prashasanaviruddha pakshapati hotee.[201] hii eka tantrik-lokpriy chalval manali jaat hotee kaaran tee qamee rajkiy anubhav asalelya lokanni aayojit kelee hotee aanee yaa chalvaline naveen rajkiy kaushalye midvanyashi sambandhit kharch qamee karnyasathi samajik madhyamancha vapar keela. samajik madhyamanchya vaparamule eka lokshahi munch dekhil tayar jhaala jithe vyakti pakshiy rajkaranabaheril rajkiy kalpananvar charcha karoo shakatat aanee tyanchya sakriy samarthakanchi olakhahi karoo shakatat. rajkiy chalvalinmadhye, vadhalela sanvad aanee sanvad heey tantradnyan-lokpriy chalvalinche patan dekhil asoo shakate, jase qee "florida tii party chalval (eff. tii. pii. emm.) sodananya vyaktinni suruvatila serve pratisadkartyanni mukt, network sanrachanemule utsahit asoonahi tyanchya baher padnyamage soshal mediala jababdar dharale kaaran yamule eff. tii. pii. emm. utsahi lokanmadhye jastit jaast sanvad jhaala".
europe.
tantrashikshanala moort roop detanach, panchtarankit chalvaline internetvaril lokshahichya thet shailisathi online matdan aanee vadavivad portaldware lokanchi matey mandanyacha prayatna keela. 2018 madhye, panchtarankit chalvaline sansadet aanee aaghadichya bakavar jaaga kayam rakhalya, parantu pramukhyane mattio salvinichya leegchya yutishi swatahla jodat, italian matdaranna aakarshit karnara aanakhi eka tantrik-lokpriy paksh, salvinichya vadhatya itali-first ajenda online lokpriyatemule vadhatya sthalantaramule asamadhani aahe. tyanantar kahee tikakaranni asey mhatale aahe qee, "emm5esna bhedasavanare adthale heey aparamparik, lokpriy pakshanna bhedasavana samasya darshavtat, jeey tivra nishedh chalvalinmadhun paripakv shasak mhanoon vikasit honyasathi sampoorn europemadhye ugavat aahet".
dakshin america.
dakshin americetil alikadil rajkiy chakranmadhye rajkiy bahereel lokanni dhoranatmak karyakram aanee shasson badalanna manyata denyasathi lokpriyata aanee pranalivirodhi aavahanacha laabh ghetalyache disun aale aahe. lattin americetil tantrik-lokpriyatechya pradeshik bandanna ekach rajkiy olakh nahee aanee teey rajkaranachya davya aanee ujavya asha donhi bajunni ghadatat. yaa chalvalinche anek nete, lokshahi prakriyechya patalyanmadhye mothya pramanat vividhata aanee rajkiy anishchitata nirman karnyasathi tantrik-lokpriyatela aavahan karoon, tyanchya rajkiy vicharancha online pratidhvani karoo shakale aahet. internet aanee samajik madhyamanchya aagamanane bolivia, equador aanee venezuela yetheel paksh vyavsthesah sadhyachya pradeshat lokprishth karanancha aavaj uthavala aahe. techno-lokpriy netyanchya pramukh udaharananmadhye venezuelamadhil hyugo chavez, equadormadhil rafael koria, nikaraguaamadhil bolivia edd daniele ortega yetheel ivo morales yancha samavesh hota.
dakshin amerikechya rajkaranatil tantradnyanachya lokpriyatechya chalvalit venezuelache majee adhyaksh hugo chavez aanee tyancha venezuelacha sanyukt samajvadi paksh yancha samavesh aahe. lattin americetil american prabhav qamee karnyasathi bolivian aanee equadorsarkhya pradeshatil itar deshantil mitrarashtranna bakshis denyasathi venezuelchya sampattiche punarvitaran karnyacha prastav tyanchya dhorananmadhye aahe. lokanche sandarbh deuun aanee aaplya rajkiy virodhakanna" samrajyavadache chakar "mhanat, shavez tyanchya kahee lokpriy vicharsaraniche darshan ghadavatat. 2006 madhye venezuelachya nagarikanmadhye tyanchi pratima pudhe nenyasathi tyanni internetcha vapar kelyanech tyanna 'curk' jhaala aahe. hockins yanni assa prastav mandala qee chavez haah tantrik pravrutti asalela eka lokpriy neta hota. lattin american davya vicharsaranichya lokpriavadache varnan samajatil vegvegalya vyaktinchya tulanet "lokansathi" uttarottar mahattvachya asalelya sthananchya pragatidvare lokshahiche punarvargikaran karnyachya prayatnatun kele jaate. samkalin lokpriavad keval lattin americetil lokshahichya kalpaneche mahatva badalat nahee, tarr amerikechya navudarvadi lokanchya kamkuvatpana aanee alikadachya dashakanmadhye lattin amerikevar tyancha rajkiy parinam yavar khulee aanee shaikshanik charcha suru karat aahe. assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee, "lokshahi rajvatikhalil rajya vikaranchya dirghakalin satatyamule anek deshantil moolbhut rajya sansthanvaril janatechya vishvasavar nashkarak parinam honyachi shakyata aahe. tathapi, assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee, majboot paksh vyavastha aanee thos rajkiy sanstha asalele lattin american desh loklubhavan pratikriya talhu shakatat, kaaran yaa prakarananmadhye lokshahi pratinidhitva sansthanchya yogya karyamule loklubhavnechya (punha) udayasathi farach qamee jaaga urate.
oshaniya.
austreliyamadhye, ajunahi dvidaleey vyavasthela pradhanya dile jaate, parantu id1 chya aarthik sankatamule donhi sansadiy sabhagruhanmadhye pratinidhitva midvananya chhotya pakshanchi sankhya vadhat aahe. hogan warrey yanchya matey, "austreliyamadhye sarvat samanyapane vaparale jaanare vaktrutva mhanje aarthik aanee rajkiy uchchabhru lokanna janatechya kimmativar fayda hoto". kahee tantradnyan-lokpriy pakshanni tyanchya matdaranna lakshya karnyasathi online madhyamancha vapar keela aahe, jyat paulin hansoncha vann neshan aanee united austreliya partycha samavesh aahe, jyala 2016 chya federal nivadanukit austreliyan cinetmadhye sansadiy pratinidhitva midale hote. newzealandmadhye, "1975 teey 1984 paryantche majee pantpradhan robbert muldoon heey eka lokpriy nete mhanoon uddhrut kele gele hote, jyanni samanya mansala aavahan kele aanee 1975 chya nivadanukit vyaktimatva-chalit mohimecha vapar keela".