
pankhanchya sapache mandir, teotihuacan

madhya meksikotil purv-columbian sthal asalelya teotihuacan yetheel ('teotihuacan' kinwa 'tiotihuakano' haah shabd yaa jageshi sambandhit sampoorn sanskruti aanee sanskrutik sankulasathi dekhil vaparla jaato), pankhanchya sarpanche mandir heey tisare sarvat mothe pyramid aahe. hii rachana anshatah lakshaniy aahe kaaran 1980 chya dashakat yaa sanrachanekhali daphan jhalelya shambharahun adhik sambhavya balee balee sapadalele aahet. yaa sanrachanepramanech dafanbhoomi ii. sha. 150 teey 200 darmyanchya kalatil aahet. pyramidche naav tyachya bajoo jhakalelya mesoamerican 'pankhanchya sarp' devatechya pratinidhitvavarun ghetale gele aahe. heey pankhanchya sapanche kahee sarvat june dnyat pratinidhitva aahe, jeey bahudha nantarchya eztech dev kwatzalkotlashi olakhale jaatat. "pankhanchya sarpache mandir" heey yaa sanrachaneche aadhunik naav aahe; yala quetzalkotalche mandir aanee pankhanchya sarpache pyramid asehi mhanatat.
thikan.
pankhanchya sapache mandir mrutanchya margachya dakshin tokala, teotihuaakanacha mukhya rasta, seudadel sankulat aahe. siudadela (spanish, "killa") hii unch bhinti aanee mandirachya sabhovati eka mothe angan asaleli eka rachana aahe. siudadelache angan itake mothe aahe qee teey tyachya bhintinmadhye tiotihuakanchi sampoorn praudh loksankhya thevu shakate, jeey tyachya shikharavar eka laakh lock asalyacha andaj hota. siudadelamadhye mandir, mandirachya uttar aanee dakshinela done haveli aanee adosada manchasah anek smarak rachana aahet. chauthya shatkat bandhalele, adosada vyaspeeth, pankhanchya sapachya mandirachya agadi samore (paschim) sthit aahe, jyamule tyache drushya aspasht hote.
vastukala.
pankhancha sarp asalela pyramid haah taluk-tablero shailit bandhalela sahaa-stariy payaricha pyramid aahe. pratyek starachya bahereel kadaa, sahasa talalok mhanoon olakhalya jaananya, dusya sapasarkhya pranyachya, palatnanya pankhanchya sarpachya dokyanni sajavalya jaatat. tathapi, merrie elen miller aanee carl taub yancha dawa aahe qee hii doki 'yuddh sarp' darshavu shakatat, tarr michael dii. kahee pramanat tashach prakarcha dawa qoo karatat qee teey kadachit yuddhasathi teotihuacan chinhasah shirastran ghatalelya "agni sarpache" pratinidhitva karatat. yaa aakrutinchya dolhyat obsidian kaach ghalanyasathi eka jaaga asate, tyamule jevha prakash yeil tevha tyache dolhe chamakatil. pracheen kalat sampoorn pyramid rangavale gele hote-yetheel parshvabhoomi nilee hotee aanee koreev samudrachya kavachanni sajavat kelee hotee. dokyanchya pratyek panktikhali, purn pankhanchya sarpachya aadhar-aaram, profilemadhye, panyachya chinhanshi dekhil sambandhit aahet. heey aanee itar rachana aanee sthapatyashastriy ghatak keval sajavatipeksha adhik aahet, jeey "majboot vaicharik mahatva" soochit karatat, jaree teey mahatva kaay aahe yavar ekmat nahee. kahijan pyramidchya pratimashastracha arth avkashat vishvashastriy-kalachya utpattichi kinwa nirmitichi eka dantkatha-kinwa nisargat dindarshika mhanoon karatat. itaranna rajya kinwa yuddh aanee sainyachi chinhe aadhaltat.
aaj heey pyramid mothya pramanat edosada manchadvare lapavale gele aahe, jeey ii. sha. chauthya shatkat teotihuaakanchya rajkiy punarrachaneche sanket dete, kadachit samoohik netrutvachya bajoone "nirankush rajvaticha nakar". 20vya shatkachya suruvatila jhalelya utkhananantar, smarakachya paschim bajula agrabhagacha eka bhag sapadala. haah bhag tisya shatkachya uttaradhatil asalyache manale jaate. prushthbhagavaril vilakshan aanee durmil korivkamanmadhye pankhanchi saap devata, itar devata aanee payyanchya donhi bajunchya patalanvar samudra kavachanchi chitre disatat.
sthitee aanee sanwardhan.
yaa sanrachanecha itihas sampoorn kaal ghatakanchya samparkat asalyane, paus aanee bhujal, prushthbhagavaril vidravya ksharanche sfatikikaran, dhoop aanee jaivik vaadh yamule prushthbhagavaril dagad nasht jhaala aahe. paryatakanchya bhetine dekhil ghasaranis gatee dilee. 2004 madhye, quetzalcoatalche mandir jaagtik smarakanchya nidhidware 2004 chya jaagtik smarakanchya nirikshan yadeet soochibaddha karnyat aale hote. sansthene instituteuto nacional dii antropologia eae historiyachya sahkaryane aanee american expresschya madatine sanvardhanasathi sahayya pradan kele.
pyramidmadhye daphan.
mandirachya samarpanacha bhag mhanoon kele jaat asalyache manale jaanare donashe kinwa tyahoon adhik yadnyache daphan yaa pyramidmadhye sapadale. dafanvidhinche vividh thikani vargikaran kele jaate, jyache mahatva adyap samajale nahee. tethe purush aanee striya doghanchehi daphan aahet, tarr purushanchi sankhya mahilanpeksha jaast aahe. purushansobat shastrastre aanee manvi datanchya haransarkhya sadhansamugriche avashesh hote, jyamule sanshodhakanna assa nishkarsh kadhata aala qee teey yoddhe hote, kadachit virodhi sainyachya kaidyanaivaji teotihuaakanchya sevet asalele yoddhe. dafanvimanachya vastunchi samruddhi samanyatah pyramidchya madhyabhagi vadhate. mrut shasak kinwa itar spasht kendrabinduche konatehi sanket nasale taree kiman teen anshanchi sthitee olakhali gelee aahe.
nantarche shodh.
2003 chya uttaradhat, rashtriy manavvanshashastra aanee itihas sanstheche (inah) puratatvashastradnya sergio gomez chavez aanee jyuli gazola yanni chukun pankhanchya sapachya mandirakhali eka bogda shodhala. anek divasanchya musaldhar pavsamule gomez chavez yanchya lakshat aale qee mandirachya pyramidchya payathyajaval jawaljawal teen phoot rund sinkhole jhaala aahe.
pratham gomezchya varchya torchlightne chhidra tapasanyacha prayatna kartana keval andhar disat hota, mhanoon tyachya kambarebhovati judd dorichya reshet bandhalelya tyala anek sahakanyanni khalee utaravale aanee kuranat utartana tyala samajale qee too eka purnapane dandgolakar khamb aahe. talashi too varvar pahata pracheen bandhkamat vishranti ghenyasathi aala-manavnirmit bogda, joou donhi bajunni prachand dagadanni bandist hota. gomezla maheet hote qee puratatvashastradnyanni purvi suryachya pyramidchya khalee eka arund bogda shodhala hota aanee asey vatale qee too aata ashach prakarcha aarshachya bogdyache nirikshan karat aahe, jyamule pankhanchya sapachya mandirachya khalee bhoomigat kaksh tayar hoto. suruvatila tyanni spasht gruhitak spasht karnyacha aanee manjuri midvanyacha nirnay ghetala. darmyan, tyanni teotihuakanla bhet denanya lakho paryatakanpasun teey jatan karnyasathi sinkholver eka tamboo ubharala. sanshodhakanni nondavale qee haah bogda ii. sha. 200 madhye seal karnyat aala hota.
shodh aanee nidhi ubharaniche prathamik niyojan karnyasathi sahaa varshanhun adhik kaal lagla. utkhanan suru honyapurvi, 2004 chya suruvatichya mahinyant, dow. vijete manuel velasco herera yanni jaminivar-pravesh karananya radarchya madatine aanee sumare 20 puratatvashastradnya aanee kamgaranchya chamoochya madatine bogdyachi andaje lambi aanee antargat kakshanchi upasthiti nishchit kelee. teey siudadelakhali pruthvi scan karat, darroj dupari parat yeuun gomezchya sangankavar parinam uploaded karat. 2005 paryant digital nakasha purn jhaala hota. puratatvashastradnyanni tellock II-TC navachya remot-niyantrit robots bogdyacha shodh ghetala, joou infrared camera aanee lesar scanners susajj aahe, joou mandirachya khalee asalelya jaganchi trimiteey nond karnyasathi 3 dii visualization tayar karato. bogdyachya bhintimadhye eka lahanse ughadanyat aale aanee scannerne pahilya pratima, margat 37 meater antaravar tipalya.
2009 madhye sarkarne gomezla khodkam karanyachi parvanagi dilee. 2009 chya akheris inachya puratatvashastradnyanni bogdyache praveshdwar shodhale jeey pyramidchya khalee dalanankade jaate, jithe pracheen shaharachya shasakanche avashesh jamaa jhaale asavet. august 2010 madhye, 'talalokan prakalpah bhoomigat rasta' chey sanchalak gomez chavez yanni sumare 1,800 varshanpurvi teotihuacan rahivashanni bund kelelya bogdyamadhye iina yanni kelelya tapasachya pragatichi ghoshana kelee. september-aktoobar 2010 madhye bogdyat pravesh karnyacha hetu asalelya sarvoch vaidnyanik patalichya rashtriy aanee aantarrashtriy sallagaranchya pathimbyane sumare 30 vyaktincha samavesh asalelya inah chamoomadhye, purv-columbian thikani kelele heey sarvat khol utkhanan, teotihuacan yetheel puratatva utkhananachya 100 vya vardhapan dinachya smaranarth aanee tyache lokansathi udghatan karnyacha eka bhag hota.
asey namood kele gele hote qee bhoomigat marg pankhanchya sarp mandirakhali jaato aanee praveshdwar mandirapasoon kahee meater antaravar apekshit thikani aahe, jeey sumare 2,000 varshanpurvi mothya dagadanni design kelele aahe. 2003chya vadaladarmyan disalele chhidra heey pratyaksh praveshdwar navhate. jawaljawal 5 meater rund asalela eka anulamb khamb bogdyat pravesh karatoh too 14 meater khol jaato aanee praveshdwar jawaljawal 100 meater lambichya margikekade jaate jeey khadkatil bhoomigat dalananchya maliket sampate. puratatvashastradnyan bogdyachya praveshdvaravar jameen modalyanantar, bhoomigat thikani sahaj pravesh karnyasathi eka payya aanee shidya (aanee nantar eka lift) basavanyat aalya. kaam santh aanee kaljipurvak pudhe jaat hote. utkhanan hatane, kudalanni kele jaat asey. bogdyatoon sumare 1,000 tunn maatee aanee kachara kadhanyat aala. sapadalelya vastoonchya samruddha shrenimadhye asey samavisht aaheh mothe sarpil seashells, jagwar hadey, matichi bhandi, manvi tvacheche tukade, koralele dagadi jaid aanee quartjane jhakalele lakadi mukhavate, vistrut haar, rings, greenstone magariche daat aanee manvi moorti, dolhyanmadhye aakar dilele chrystals, boxmadhye mandalele bhring pankh, jagvarachi shilpe aanee shekado dhatuyukt goal. rahasyamay golakar uttar aanee dakshin asha donhi kakshanmadhye hote. 40 teey 130 millimeterparyantchya chendumadhye chikanmaticha gabha asato aanee teey pyritechya oxidationmule tayar jhalelya pivalya jarositne jhakalele asatat. arizona steet universitychya george kaugil yanchya matey, "pyritecha vapar nishchitpane teotihuacanos aanee itar pracheen mesoamerican samajandware keela jaat asey. mulat goalke chamakdar chamkali asatee. teey kharokharach adviteey aahet, parantu tyancha arth kaay aahe heey mallah mahit nahee."yaa serve kalakruti jaanunbujun aanee spashtapane, devatanche samadhan karnyasathi arpan kelyapramane jamaa kelya gelya hotya.
bogdyachya shevati adholok kinwa teotihuacan sanskratiche sookshmarup darshavinari eka kaksh aahe. pyramidchya madhyabhagi sumare 17 meater khalee, eka laghu parvatiy bhupradesh vastoo thevanyasathi vaparla jaat asey, jyat suryache pratinidhitva karnara rabarcha chendu (mesoamerican ballgame vaparla jaanara) samavisht hota. kahee chhotya khonyanmadhil dravarup paryache talav heey talavanche pratinidhitva karatat. chaar hiravya dagadachya moorti dekhil sapadalya, jyanni kapade aanee manee ghatale hote aanee tyanche ughade dolhe maulyavan khanijanni chamakale asateel. done moorti ajunahi tyanchya mool sthiteet hotya, mage zukun aanee varvar pahata vishvachya teen pratalanchi bhet honanya akshavar vichar karat hotya-kadachit teotihuaakanache sansthapak shammon, yatrekarunna abhayaranyat margadarshan karat hote aanee vidhee karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya pavitra vastunche bundle gheuun jaat hote, jyat latakane aanee pyrite aarse yancha samavesh hota, jeey itar kshetranche praveshdwar manale jaat hote. bogdyachya bhinti aanee chhatavar magnetite, pyrite aanee hematitepasoon banalelya khanij choornane kaljipurvak bharalele aadhalun aale, jyamule tyaa thikanala vishesh chamak milate aanee tankhali ubhe rahanyacha parinam eka vichitra punarnirmiti mhanoon midato.
pratyek naveen vibhag saaf kelyanantar, 3dii scannerne pragatiche dastaivajikaran kele. 2015 paryant sumare 75,000 kalakrutinche tukade sapadale, abhyasale gele, soochibaddha kele gele, vishleshan kele gele aanee jevha shakya asel tevha punarsanchayit kele gele. september 2017 chya akheris sann francisco yetheel daad young sangrahalayat ughadanyat aalelya eka mothya pradarshanat yaa naveen shodhanche mahatva sarvajanikpane shodhale gele aahe.
dindarshikeshi sambandhit.
pankhanchya sapache mandir aanee dindarshika yanchyat spasht sambandh hota. yaa pyramidmadhye platformchya darmyan donashe saath pankhanchya sarpachi doki dekhil asalyache manale jaate. yaa pratyek pankhanchya sapanchya tondat eka ughada bhag dekhil asato. heey khule kshetra sthandharak thevanyasathi purese mothe aahe. asha prakare, asey manale jaate qee teotihuaakanache lock vidhee dindarshikeche pratinidhitva karnyasathi heey thikan chinh pyramidchya bhovati halvatil. jevha ekhada aadhyatmik divas yeil tevha lock siudadelachya bhintinmadhye jamoon vidhee sajra kartil.
rajkiy prabhav.
pankhanchya sapache mandir heey keval dharmik kendrach navhate tarr eka rajkiy kendrahi hote. teotihuaakanache shasak keval purushanche nete navhate; teey shaharache aadhyatmik nete dekhil hote. pyramidjavalachya done haveli shaktishali kutumbanchya tabyat asalyache manale jaate.
pankhanchya sarp pyramidche eka manoranjak vaishishtya mhanje teotihuaakanmadhye aanee pyramidsathich satta kinwa vichardharetil badalachi udaharane aahet. edosada manchache bandhkam pankhanchya sarp pyramidchya tulanet khoop ushira jhaale. adosada munch thet pyramidchya samore bandhala gela aahe aanee tyachya samoril drushyala adthala aanato. asha prakare, asey manale jaate qee rajkiy netyanchi pasanti gelee kinwa pankhanchya sarp pyramidchya vichardharene sadgun gamavale aanee mhanoon adosadane teey jhakale.