
spad ess.vii

spad ess.pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan 'society pore laal' aviation ett cess derives '(spad) neey tayar kelelya atyant yashasvi dvi-viman ladhau vimananchya maliketil haah pahila hota. tyachya uttaradhikaryanpramane, ess.7 heey uttam chadhai aanee diving vaishishtyansah eka majboot aanee khadkal viman mhanoon prasiddha hote. too eka sthir bandukicha munch dekhil hota, jaree adhik kushal newport ladhau vimananna vaparlya jaananya vaimanikanna too niyantranavar judd vatala. franceche georges gynamer, italiche francesco baraka aanee austreliyache alekzandar paintland yasarkhya anek prasiddha esinni teey udavale hote.
rachana aanee vikas.
mool.
suruvatichya vimananchya rachneteel kamgiri mukhyatve enginever avalambun hotee. februwari 1915 madhye, swis designer marqa birkigtne tyachya hispano-suiza vhee8 automobile enginever aadharit overhead cam aviation powerplant tayar keela hota, parinami eka engine 1,400 aar. pii. emm. varr utpadan karnyas saksham hote. enginechya aanakhi sudharananmule julai 1915 paryant shakti prapt jhaali. enginechi kshamata lakshat gheta, french adhikaanyaanee utpadan shakya titkya lavkar suru karnyache aadesh dile aanee vimanachya designersna injinbhovati eka naveen uchch-karyaksham ladhau tayar karnyache aavahan kele, jyala hispano-suiza 8aii mhanatat.
spad companyche mukhya designer lui bechero yanni naveen engines susajj asalelya prototype fightersathi patkan rekhachitre tayar kelee. spad vhee hii mulat spad esachi eka lahan aavrutti hotee.done aasan asalela 'palpit ladhau', jaree ekach aasan asalela asala taree tyane tathakathit 'palpit' vitarit keela joou nirikshakala propellerchya samore gheuun jaat asey.
rachana.
naveen spad vhee aanee ess madheel anek samanya rachana vaishishtyanpaiki eka.aii-2 haah eka-beey dvi-viman pankha hota jyamadhye udananya aanee utaranyachya taranchya junctionchya binduvar upasagarachya madhyabhagi atirikt halakya pattya basavalya gelya hotya. yaa rachanene rigging sope kele aanee udatya taranche compan qamee kele, jyamule odh qamee jhaali. fuselays tyaa kalatil manak bandhkamache hote, jyat kapadane jhakalelya lakadi chaukaticha samavesh hota, tarr pudhil bhag dhatuchya chadarane jhakalela hota. eka. 303 wickers machine gunn enginechya varr basavanyat aalee hotee, jee propeller aarkmadhun phayar karnyasathi samkramit kelee gelee hotee. namunamadhye eka motha firki golandaj dekhil basavanyat aala hota, joou nantar sodoon deela jaanar hota. palpit fayatara' aanee 'daad' yaa donhiche aanakhi eka samanya rachana vaishishtya.vii-ess saha dekhil samayik kele.xiii-heey eka sampoorn-pushroad ileron niyantran jodani hote, jyat ubhya pushdrod chalvanyasathi khalchya pankhanchya patalanvarun baher padananya 90° belcrankchi eka jodee vaparali gelee, jee pudhe-prakshepit ileron niyantran hornparyant gelee.
spad chachani pilot beckwetne april 1916 madhye prathamach spad vhee udavale. uddan chachanimadhye utkrusht kamal veg (192 kiimii/tashi, 119 mail/tashi) aanee chadhaicha darr (4.5 minite teey 2,000 meater kinwa 6,500 phoot) disun aala. airframechya dhwani bandhkamamule dekhil ullekhaneey diving kamgiri saksham jhaali. tyaa tulanet, ladhau tukadyancha motha bhag susajj asalele newport sesquiplane ladhau viman, kadhikadhi tyanche khalche pankh eka tivra power-aun divemadhye feku shakat hote, joou eka-samaan khalchya pankhanchya rachanecha parinam hota. uchch veg aanee uttam diving kshamatechya sanyojanamule sanlagn vaimanikanna ladhait sahbhagi honyacha kinwa sodanyacha pudhakar denyache aashvasan dile gele. jarr naveen ladhau viman khadatar aanee sthir nembajiche vyaspeeth asel, tarr kahee vaimanikanni visheshtah newport 17 sarkhya halakya prakaranchya tulanet, tyachya kushalatechya kamataratebaddal khed vyakt keela.
asha kamgirichya parshvabhumivar, 10 meey 1916 roji prarambhik utpadan karar karnyat aala, jyamadhye 268 yantranna spad VII see. 1 (see. 1, frenchmadhil "avian dii chase" pasoon, viman ladhau asalyache soochit karate, tarr 1 neey soochit kele qee teey eka aasan hote) asey naav denyat aale.
suruvatichya utpadan vimananmadhye anek dosh hote, jeey sodavanyasathi kahee vel lagla aanee vitaran darr ekkanparyant maryadit keela. august 1916 chya suruvatilach kahee spad aaghadichya tukadyanmadhye aale, parantu 1917 chya pahilya mahinyantach mothya sankhyene disu lagale. ushna havamanat, engine jaast garam honyachi shakyata hotee. thund havamanat, engine garam honar nahee. yaa samasyecha samna karnyasathi vividh kshetra badalancha vapar karnyat aala, jyat enginever adhik havecha pravah pradan karnyasathi dhatuchya patrakamadhil atirikt chhidre kapane samavisht hote. utpadan marganvar, coveling udghatan pratham mothe kele gele aanee akheris donhi samasya sodavanyasathi ubhya shutters punha design kele gele. engine mount dekhil khoop kamkuvat asalyache siddha jhaale aanee tyacha samna karnyasathi atirikt majbutikarananchi rachana karnyat aalee. suruvatichya utpadan vimanat done darugola drum dekhil hoteh eka bharalelya canvas kadtus pattyasathi, eka rikama patta dharoon thevanyasathi, tyateel feiiah kadhoon taklyanantar aanee golibar kelyanantar (bandukitoon kaam karat asatana sail kapad pattyacha samna karane hii suruvatichya ladhau vimananmadhye eka lakshaniy samasya hotee, vighatit pattyacha duva shodhala jaiparyant). hii pranali jaam honyachi shakyata hotee aanee jevha pyrodox vighatit karnare darugola duve suru kele gele tevhach tyache nirakaran jhaale.
suruvatichya datanchya samasya sodavalyanantar, anek up-kantratdaranni ladhau vimanala aaghadichya tukadyancha puravatha karnyasathi parvanyakhali spad VII chee nirmiti suru kelee. up-kantratdar heey gremont, janoar, kellner ett fills, dii marke, society dii 'atudes aeronatics, reggy aanee somer yaa kampanya hotya. tathapi, februwari 1917 paryant 268 vimananchi prarambhik tukadi vitarit karnyat aalee navhati. 1917 chya suruvatila, 180 etch. pii. vikasit karananya enginechi sudharit aavrutti, hispano-suiza 8ebii, upalabdh karoon denyat aalee. yaa naveen vidyut prakalpane spad VII laa aanakhi changli kamgiri pradan kelee, jyacha sarvoch veg 192 kiimii/tashi (119 mail/tashi) varoon 208 kiimii/tashi (129 mail/tashi) paryant vadhala. naveen engine haloohaloo spad VII sathee manak veej prakalp banale aanee april 1917 paryant, serve navyane tayar keleli vimane tyat susajj jhaali.
prakar aanee prayog.
spad VII chee kamgiri aanakhi sudharnyachya aashene naveen upkarane kinwa enginance asankhya prayog karnyat aale. reynolt vhee8 vidyut prakalpachi chachani ghenyat aalee parantu kahee mothya punarnirdharan aavashyak hote aanee parinami kamgiri fayadeshir manali gelee nahee. supercharged hispano-suiza enginechi dekhil chachani ghenyat aalee aanee kamgirimadhye konatyahi lakshaniy pramanat sudharana karnyat teey apayashi tharale. vegvegalya pankhanchya profilechi chachani kelee geleli disate parantu utpadan modelmadhye samavisht kelee gelee nahee. yuddhanantar chekoslovakiyamadhye eka kshetra badal lagoo karnyat aala, jevha ekachya antarvahak pattya suru jhalya.jastit jaast veg vadhavanyasathi odh qamee karnyachya prayatnat vii chaa nyayniwada karnyat aala.
ess. chya vikasachya agadi suruvatichya kalat.vii, british aar. eff. see. aanee aar. aine. aii. neey naveen ladhvayyat rus dakhavila hota. 30 vimanansathi prarambhik magani karnyat aalee hotee parantu prarambhik utpadanat adachani asha hotya qee vitaran darr khoop qamee hota, utpadan keval french unitsasathi purese navhate. aar. eff. see. laa aaghadivar vadhatya virodhala samore jaave lagat asalyane, 1960 chya dashkatil utpadan vadhavanyasathi upayayojana karnyat aalya.VII united kingadammadhe. blariot andd spad aircraft aanee mann, egerton andd company kaam karate. ell. tii. dii. yojana aanee namuna vimanancha puravatha karnyat aala aanee shakya titkya lavkar utpadan suru karnyache aadesh denyat aale.
pahile british-nirmit ess.april 1917 madhye vii udavanyat aale aanee tyachi chachani ghenyat aalee aanee pahilya vimanachi kamgiri french modelschya barobarichi asalyache nondavale gele. matra, yaa done prakaranmadhye farak hota. britishanna 1960chya dashkatil halakya shastrastranchi chinta hotee.vii: bahutek german ladhvayya aata done banduka gheuun jaat hotya aanee 1960 chya dashakat atirikt machinegan basavanyasathi prayog kele gele.vii. eka vimanat varchya pankhyavar louis machinegan basavanyat aalee hotee aanee meey 1917 madhye martlesham heath yethe tyachi chachani ghenyat aalee, tarr pudhchya falitil tukadyanni 1960 chya dashakat vaparlya gelelya palak aarohanansah maidani badalahi kele.udaa. 5. parinami kamgirimadhye jhaleli ghat hii pratishthapan manak honyasathi khoop tivra manali jaat hotee aanee bahutek spad ess.vhee. aay. ess. neey ekach wickers uddan karane suru thewale.
britishanni bandhalelya ess. chee itar vaishishtyapurn vaishishtye.vismadhye gunn fairing aanee solid coveling exes panelcha samavesh hota. bandukichya fairingne bandukila anshatah jhakale aanee windshieldchya jaagi magchya dishene vistarle. tathapi, yamule, pilotchi samorchi drushti gambhirpane maryadit jhaali aanee jaree tee prashikshan vimanat thewali gelee asali taree, francemadhil aaghadichya tukadyansathi nirdharit vimanatoon tee kadhoon takanyache aadesh denyat aale. british modelsveril exaust paipkhali asalele ubharalele engine pravesh puttle, french utpadan modelsver basavalelya louvard panelchya jaagi dhatuchya ghan patrakapasun tayar kele gele hote. kahee british spadmadhye prope habvar lahan firki golandaj dekhil basavale gele hote.
heey lavkar spasht jhaale qee 1960 chya dashkatil british nirmiti marg.vii madhye tyanchya french samakakshanpeksha qamee darjachi manke hotee, parinami vimananchi kamgiri aanee hatalani khalavali. kharab kapad shivankam, najuk telskid aanee apuya parinamkaraktechya radiatorne britishanna trast kele. chhayachitranvishayak purave darshavtat qee anek british spadsmadhye nalkandyachya fairings kinwa agadi sampoorn varchya enginechya covelingmadhye, kharab kaam karananya radiatorchi bharpai karnyasathi kapale gele hote. bahutek british ess.viischa vapar prashikshanasathi keela jaat hota, front line units french-nirmit modelsney susajj hote. sumare 220 vimananchi nirmiti jhalyanantar, 1960 chya dashkatil british utpadan.upalabdh hott asalelya changlya british prakaranchya bajoone vii thambavanyat aale.
ashach prakare russiane andaje 100 seey. utpadan kele.1917 madhye mosco yetheel ducks karkhanyat parvanadharak asalelya vhee. aay. ess. madhye francene puravaleli injine aahet. asey disate qee injine anekada aanee/kinwa qamee darjachi vaparali jaat hotee aanee tyaa duxney airframes tayar karnyasathi qamee darjachi samagri vaparali hotee. atirikt vajan aanee kamkuvat veej prakalpachya yaa sanyogamule vimananchi karyakshamta lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaali.
utpadit vimananchi ekoon sankhya anishchit disate, srot 3,825 teey sumare 5,600 spad ess paryant badaltat.francemadhye, united kingadammadhe 220 aanee russiamadhye andaje 100 bandhale gele.
spad xii chee suruvat ess. chaa vikas mhanoon jhaali.vii, 37 miimii tofane susajj. tathapi, tyachi eka mothee punarrachana jhaali aanee too 1960 chya aavruttiaivaji eka vegala prakar hota.vii. ess.vii heey donhi ess pasoon vegale kele jaau shakate.xii aanee nantarche aanee mothe s.xiii, varchya pankhala fuselageshy jodanare, tasech shastrastranmadhil farak asalele caben struts ughadun.
usheera aalelya modelsmadhye hispano-suiza engine hote. yaa unnatikaranachya vadhine sarvoch gatee nirman kelee.
karyapaddhaticha itihas.
france.
french "vimanchalan lashkari adhikari" 10 meey 1916 roji 268 vimananchya tukadichi magani karnyasathi spad vhee prototypechya kamgirine puresa prabhavit jhaala hota. tathapi, datanchya samasya lavkarach disu lagalya aanee spad VII samorun lakshaniy sankhyene seva denyapurvi anek mahine lagtil, prarambhik tukadiche shevatche viman fakt februwari 1917 madhye vitarit kele jaat hote.
haah vilamb asoonahi, kahee vimane august 1916 chya suruvatilach aaghadichya tukadyanna denyat aalee, jee newport ladhau vimananna purak hotee. yaa tarkheparyant, kuprasiddha "fokar scurge" prakaran sampavnanya newport 11 chee jaaga mothya pramanat newport 17 sarkhya nantarchya prakaranni ghetali hotee, parantu 1916 chya uttaradhat german ladhvayyanchya naveen pidhine aata hyanna parabhoot kele hote, jyamule germanyla punha aakashavar prabhutva milanyacha dhoka hota. tyach velee, toparyant bahutek sahyogi ladhau vimananna shakti denari rotarii injine pudhe surr karane katheen siddha hott hotee, tarr judd inline injine satatyane adhik shaktishali hott hotee. yaa sandarbhat, ashee aasha hotee qee naveen hispano-suiza 8-shaktishali spad VII naveen german ladhvayyanshi changlya atinvar ladhu shakel. aaghadichya tukadila vitarit kelele pahile viman aine. 65 chya ell. tii. sowejdware udavale gelele s.112 hote, tyanantar aine. 3 chya georges ginemerla niyukt kelele s.113 hote. tyaa velee ginemerla aadhich 15 vijayanche shrey dile gele hote, parantu aine. 26 chey armond pinsard hote jyanni 26 august roji havai vijay midavanare pahile hote.
havai yuddhache santulan badalanyasathi spad VII chaa parichay puresa navhata parantu yamule vaimanik aanee yantriki yaa doghannahi naveen ladhau vimanashi parichit honyachi mubha midali. anek vaimanikanna spadmadhye kushalatecha abhav aadhalala aanee kahee agadi nimbler newportswar paratale. spadchya shakticha fayda ghenyasathi aanee tyachya kushalatechya kamataratechi bharpai karnyasathi vegavar aadharit naveen yuktya vikasit karnyat aalya. 400 kiimii/tashi (249 mail pratitas) surakshitpane dubki maranyachi vimanachi kshamata paristhitichi magani asatana pilotla ladhaitoon baher padnyas anumati dete.
suruvatichya samasyanche nirakaran houn aanee anek utpadakanmadhye utpadan samayik jhalyamule, spad VII shevati 1917 chya suruvatila mothya sankhyene samore upalabdh jhaale. 1917 chya madhyaparyant, sumare 500 lock aaghadichya sevet hote, jyanni mothya pramanat newportchi jaaga ghetali. tyane tyachya purvavartinpeksha adhik majboot asalyachi pratishtha midavali. virodhi albatros dii. asatana tyachi mukhya kamatarata mhanje tyachi eka machine gunn shastrastre hotee.3 ladhvayye done ladhvayyanni susajj hote. spad VIII chee jaaga haloohaloo aaghadichya tukadyanmadhye sudharit spad XIII neey ghetali, parantu sampoorn yuddhadarmyan vimanchalan sainyasah prashikshak viman mhanoon tyacha vapar suru rahila aanee 1928 paryant teey pramanit pilot pramanpatra chachani viman mhanoon rahile.
paradeshi seva.
sanlagn havai seva dekhil naveen ladhau vimanane susajj hotya. jaree keval 19 squadran aanee 23 squadran) paschim aaghadivar vaparale gele asale taree shahee uddan dall hii spad VII prapt karnari pahili paradeshi seva hotee. sanyukt samrajyatil ladhau shalanmadhye aanee mesopotemiyamadhil 30 tukadyanmadhyehi spad midale. british nirmit spad samanyatah prashikshan vibhaganmadhye aanee madhyapurvet vaparale jaat asat, tarr francemadhil ladhau gatanmadhye utkrusht french-nirmit modelscha vapar keela jaat asey. janewari 1918 madhye 19 tukadyanmadhye spad VII chee jaaga sopith dolphinne ghetali-nahee. eprilmadhye 23 squadran (ess vaparnari kadachit shevatchi squadran tharali.france madhye).
1917 chya vasant rutumadhye russiala 43 lokanchi eka tukadi midali, jyanchi purakata ducks karkhanyane parvanyakhali tayar kelelya andaje 100 spad VII neey kelee.
spad VII chaa aanakhi eka prarambhik vaparkarta germany hota. kahinna abadhit pakadanyat aale aanee tyancha vapar ladhait aanee prashikshanasathi keela gela asey sangitale jaate. jasta 66 chya rudolph vinditione german khuna asalelya ladhait spad VII udavale, jaree konatehi havai vijay prapt jhaale qee nahee heey mahit nahee.
belgiumne '5eae escadril' (nantar '10eae escadril' asey punarnamit kele gele) laa 'ess' neey susajj kele.vii. edmond theafrey haah kadachit haah prakar udavanara sarvat prasiddha belgian pilot hota, bahutek itar essis hanriot etch. dii. 1 laa pradhanya detat.
italine march 1917 madhye spad VII vaparnyas suruvat kelee, jithe nauu 'squadriglia' susajj hote. itar havai sevanpramanech, adhik kushal aarohanachi savay asalelya vaimanikanna naveen ladhau viman aavadat navhate aanee punha kahijan newport 27 kinwa hanriot etch. dii. 1 kadey paratale, jeey akheris manak italian ladhau viman banale. italicha aaghadicha starr, francesco baraka, naveen modelane anandi jhaala aanee tyache vaiyaktik viman italimadhye jatan kele aahe.
1917 madhye jevha americene yuddhat pravesh keela, tevha american moheem dalachya united states armi air sarvhisasathi 189 spad vicechi aurder denyat aalee. pahili vimane december 1917 madhye vitarit karnyat aalee. bahutek american vaimanikanna spad XIII sathee tayar karnyasathi pragat prashikshak mhanoon vaparale gele.
yuddhanantar, brazil, chekoslovakia, finland, greece, japan, netherlands, peru, polland, portugal, romania, siyam, united states aanee yugoslaviasah anek deshanni 1920 chya dashakachya uttaradhat atirikt spad vicecha vapar keela.