oto niebergal

oto niebergaul (5 janewari 1904-13 februwari 1977) haah eka german rajkarani (keey. pii. dii.) hota. baaraa nazi varshant, jyapaiki bahutansh tyanni paradeshat ghalavali, teey eka pratikar karyakarte hote.
1945 nantar, jeey 1933 purvi germanychya communist pakshache vachanbaddha sadasya hote aanee jeey 1949 madhye paschim germany banale, tethe rahat hote, tyapaiki barech lock soviet prayojit kshetrat gele, jeey 1949 nantar communist purv germany banale. itaranni communist hone bund kele kinwa rajkaranat swatahla guntavane bund kele. oto niebergaul heey rajkiyadrushtya guntalele samyavadi rajkarani rahile. bahutansh kaal too paschim germanymadhye rahnyabarobarach heey ekatra karnyat yashasvi jhaala. teey asamanya hote.
jeevan.
suruvatichi varshe.
oto niebergaulcha janm sarbrukenchya ishanyekadil tekdyanmadhil eka lahan audhyogik shahar kuselchya agadi baher eka kamgar-varg kutumbat jhaala. tyanni yantrakar, vidyutkar aanee khaan kamgar mhanoon kaam karnyache prashikshan ghetale aanee yaa kshetranmadhye tyanni tarunpani kaam kele. 1918 madhye teey sarbrucane yuva samajvadi ("arbiterjujend") samoohache saha-sansthapak hote. dhatoo kamgar sanghatanechya ('dutior metlarbeater-verband'/dmv) sthanik shakhetahi teey sakriyapane guntalele hote. 1920 madhye too ruhar pradeshatil hamborne yethe sthalantarit jhaala, joou tyaveli sarlandpramanech french lashkari tabyat rahila. hambornmadhye, ajunahi keval 16 varshancha asatana, too tarun communistanmadhye sameel jhaala, jyamadhye too nantar jilha netrutva sanghacha ("unterbasirksliteng") sadasya jhaala. 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatichi varshe hii germanychya anek bhaganmadhye tivra tapashcharya aanee vyapak ardh-lashkari nagri ashantatechi varshe hotee. niebergaul yaa bhagat sthapan jhalelya 'reed ruhar armi' madhye sameel jhaala, jee lashkari parabhavanantar udayas aalelya aanee 1920 madhye cap bandkhorichya apayshanantarhi sakriy rahilelya majee sainikanchya berojgar vighatan kelelya freecorps tukadyanna pratisad mhanoon sthapan karnyat aalee.
krantinantar.
1922 chya sumaras teey sarbrucane yethe parat gele aanee alikadech sthapan jhalelya germanychya communist pakshat sameel jhaale. 1924 teey 1935 darmyan teey saar pradeshachya netrutvasathi communist pakshachya sachivalayache sadasya hote. 1925 madhye teey netrutva sanghat ("bezirksliteng") nivadoon aale. 1925 madhye teey laal aaghadichya ladhvayyanchya ("rotter frontcamparebund"/aar. eff. bii.) ardh-lashkari aaghadisathi kshetra nete aanee pakshachya "lashkari-rajkiy sanrachaneche" ("militarpolitisher aparat") sadasya banale, jyaa navane pakshane tyachi guptachar/mahitee seva olakhali. 1926 kinwa 1929 darmyan (srot vegvegale) aanee aupcharikpane 1935 darmyan tyanni sarbrucane nagarpalika nagarsevak mhanoon communist pakshache pratinidhitva kele.
1930 madhye oto niebergal yanni barbara "bibi" hertelshee vivah keela, jyancha rajkiy drushtikon tyachya swatachya rajkiy drushtikonashi vyapakpane samaan hota. 1920 chya dashakachya akheris bhint rastyavar jhalelya durghatanenantar jagbharat vyapak aarthik daridrya parat aale. germanymadhye sarkarne rajkiy atirekipanachya vadhila pratisad dett aar. eff. bii. varr bandee ghalanyasah anek upayayojanancha samavesh keela. neabergaulne tarihi yaa pradeshatil sanstheche netrutva kele aanee tee tikavoon thewali, parinami 1932 madhye tyala akra mahinyanchya turungvasachi shiksha jhaali, jee tyane zvebrukenmadhye bhogali.
nazi varshe.
janewari 1933 madhye rajkiy sandarbh badalala jevha nazinni satta ghetali aanee germanyche ekpakshiy hukumshahimadhye rupantar karnyat farsa vel gamavala nahee. februvarichya akheris reachstag aagichya kaljipurvak nrutyarachana kelyanantar (lavkarach bekaydeshir honyasathi) communist pakshashi sambandhit karyakarte aanee rajkarani sarkarchya lakshya yadeet avval sthanavar aadhalale. anekanna atak karnyat aalee tarr itar paradeshat paloon gele. alpavadhit, tathapi, germanychya itar bhaganchya tulanet sarlandmadhil german communistanna qamee dhoka hota kaaran haah pradesh ajunahi french sainyane vyapala hota. march teey aktoobar 1934 darmyan oto niebergal yanni moscotil comminternchya aantarrashtriy lenin shalet shikanyasathi paradeshat pravas keela. nazi germanybarobar pradeshachya ekikaranaviruddha moheem rabavat barbara mage rahila, haah muddah tarihi janewari 1935 madhye prachand janamatadvare german sarkarchya bajoone nikali kadhanyat aala.
tyaa sarvmat matdananantar kahee aathvadyanni februwari 1935 madhye neebergalls francemadhye paloon gele. oto kahee kalasathi sarland aanee renish paletinetmadhil communist pakshacha pradesh neta banala. too kevha hota yabaddal srot aspasht aahet, parantu tyane paradeshatoon tyache rajkiy karya chalavale, nazi germanytun baher padnyachya marganche niyojan kele aanee germanymadhye rajkiy german bhashetil vruttapatranche utpadan aanee vitaran aayojit kele asey disate. 1936 madhye tyanna herbert wehner yanchyakadun eka vishesh kaam midale, jeey ajunahi parismadhye sthit asalelya pakshachya nirvasit netrutva pathakache sadasya hote, jeey pakshachya "pararashtra dhoranache" samanvay sadhat hote. tyach varshi julaimadhye spainmadhye lashkari uthav jhalyane spanish yadavi yuddh suru jhaale. spainmadhil dhokyat asalelya facist tabyat ghenyachya virodhat ladhanyasathi svayamsevak aanee samagricha eka gut sanghatit karnyasathi aanee tainat karnyasathi neabergaula tyachya samparkancha vapar karane anivarya karnyat aale hote. yaa kalat teey changla pravas karat hote, parantu sutranni asey soochit kele aahe qee 1937 teey 1940 darmyan teey braselsmadhye sthayik hote, gruhyuddha samarthan aayojit karat hote aanee tyach velee, aaplya mool pradeshasathi aanee aaspaschya pradeshansathi jababdar asalele pradeshik pakshache nete mhanoon, sarlandmadhye eka "lokpriy aaghadi" chalval nirman karnyacha prayatna karat hote. janewari/februwari 1939 madhye niebergaul heey pakshache pratinidhi hote. parishadeche naav swis rajdhanichya navavarun thevane heey nirvasit german communistanna tyat sahbhagi houn guptatechi garaj bhasalyache eka chinh hote. hii parishad pratyakshat shaharachya dakshin bajula, parisachya agadi baher, dravell yethe jhaali.
september 1939 madhye yuddh punha suru jhaale aanee paschim europane shwas rokhoon dharalelya aath mahinyanantar, meey 1940 roji german sainyane belgiumvar aakraman kele. oto niebergalla 11 meey 1940 roji atak karnyat aalee, tarr barbara, tyanchya kahee mahinyanchya mulasah, braselsmadhye mage rahila. barbara niebergaula 1941 madhye gestapone braselsmadhye atak kelee. akheris, eka "rajkiy kaidi" mhanoon olakhali gelee, tee nantarchi yuddh varshe ravensbrook yetheel mahilanchya chhalchhavanit ghalvel, parantu tee jiwant rahili. toparyant tichya patila francechya nairutyela haddapar karnyat aale hote, jithe tyala done varshanpurvi spanish yadavi yuddhatoon yuddhatoon ladhvayyanna samavoon ghenyasathi seent-cyprine yethe najarkaidet thevanyat aale hote. uchch suraksha lakshat gheuun heey shibir (jeey aktoobar 1940 madhye bund honar hote) bandhale gele navhate aanee oto niebergal 13 julai 1940 roji tethoon paloon gela.
september 1940 madhye teey tolus yetheel german communist pakshache nete banale. april 1941 madhye france, belgium aanee luxembergsathi german communist pakshachya netrutvacha neta mhanoon varnan kelelya nirvasit pakshat pudhil kahee varshant tyanni lakshaniy padonnati midavali. pratyakshat french pratikaramadhye german sainyadal hote asey disate. niebergaul haah tyacha eka pramukh sadasya hota, jyala 'gaston' yaa sanketik navane olakhale jaate.
kahee mahinyanpurvi moscomadhye nirvasit german communistanni kelelya samatulya sanghatanechya udghatanane prerit houn (aanee protsahit) september 1943 madhye udghatan jhalele teey pahile adhyaksh banale. yamule too viilii crechemeyarchya samparkat aala aanee rahasyamay noel kshetradvare united states auph amerikemadhun nidhi hastantaranachya sandarbhat aala. neabergaulne ullekhaneey louis croushersobathi kaam kele, jyache varnan kiman eka strotat french pratikarkansobatchya tyachya bahutansh kalat tyacha sachiv mhanoon kele gele aahe. 1944 saalee parisachya muktinantarhi teey sanstheche adhyaksh rahile, jyamadhye tyanni bhag ghetala aanee tyanantar see.aaa.ell.pii.oo. francechya navyane mukt jhalelya bhaganmadhye aanee-kiman parris pradeshat, jeey lavkarach purvekadil nirvasitansathi chumbak banale-yuddhatil sarvat tivra garajoo piditanna pathimba dett, swatahla atyant aavashyak asalelya kalyankari sanghatanet rupantarit kele. jyaa paristhitit sanvad atyant aavhanatmak asoo shakato, tyaa paristhititahi germanytil pratikar gatanshi sampark rakhanyasathi gupt samanvay rakhane heey eka mahattvache pradhanya hote. nantar heey spasht jhaale qee august 1944 madhye parisachya muktichya aadhi jhalelya ladhaidarmyan too hitlerchya hatyecha cutt cutt germanytil pratikar karyakartyanchya samparkat hota.
yuddhanantarah done germany.
august 1945 madhye oto niebergal sarbrukenla paratala. germanycha paschim done trutiyansh bhag aata chaar mothya lashkari tabyat asalelya kshetranmadhye vibhagala gela hota. tathapi, aadhichya mahayuddhanantar sarlandver vishesh vyavastha lagoo jhaali, jee 1956 paryant 'french sanrakshit rajya' mhanoon prashasit hott rahili. 1945 teey 1948 darmyan niebergal yanni french adhinivesh kshetrasathi (jyat saar sanrakshit kshetracha samavesh hota, parantu tyapalikade vistar keela hota) pakshache vibhagiy sachivalay-prabhavipane sthanik communist pakshache nete-adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. 1946/47 darmyan aanee punha, lokshahi prakriya punarsanchayit kelyanantar, 1953 teey 1957 darmyan, tyanni sarbrukenmadhye nagarpalika nagarsevak mhanoon kaam kele. 1946 teey 1949 darmyan teey navyane tayar jhalelya samajvadi ekata pakshachya ('sogialistische einhetspartei duchlands'/seed) kendriya samitiche sadasyahi hote. communist paksh aanee samajik lokshahivadi yancha samavesh asalelya vadgrast vilinikaranadvare soviet tabyat asalelya kshetrat seed suru karnyat aala hota. 1949 nantar german lokshahi prajasattakat sattadhari paksh banala, joou eka naveen prakarchi german eka-pakshiy hukumshahi hotee. british, american aanee french tabyat asalelya kshetranmadhye sedne pudhe paschimela kadhihi laksh vedhale nahee; parantu 1946 madhye germanychi yuddhanantarchi ardh-kayamswarupi vibhagani purvanishchit nishkarshapasun door hotee aanee pashchimemadhye adhikadhik avishvas nirman karnare purv berlinmadhil soviet samarthit adhikari sampoorn germanyla soviet prabhavachya kshetrat aananyachya yojanecha bhag mhanoon seed vaparnyache marg shodhat asalyache disate. kele ghatanantarach aateel german seema sharirik aanee lokanchya manat eka nishchit vastav bunley aanee niebergaul aanee purv german sattadhari paksh yanchyatil konatehi avashisht sambandh qamee mahatvache jhaale qee paschim germanymadhye, germanychya astitvat asalelya communist pakshache tyache sadasyatva kayam rakhane. french lashkari governorne 1947 madhye oto neabergaula french vyapt sarlandmadhun haddapar kele. pashchimekadil vyapalelya bhagat soviet shailitil samyavadala farsa pathimba midala nahee, parantu sarlandmadhye, khankam aanee avjad udhyogachya ekagratemule, davya rajkaranachi mule kholvar hotih 1946 darmyan aanee tyanantar soviet aanee tyanchya mitrapakshanni saar sanrakshit rajya aanee soviet vyapalelya kshetra (nantar purv germany) yanchyatil rajkiy sambandh vadhavanyasathi kathor parishram ghetale.
neabergaula sampoorn french tabyat asalelya kshetratun haddapar karnyat aale navhate aanee 1948 madhye too tyachi patni barbara, tyachi patnichi sarvat dhakati baheen irma strotch aanee tyacha lahan mulga yanchyasah menz yethe sthayik jhaala. barbara niebergaula gestapone atak kelee tevha too mulga khoop lahan hota aanee tevhapasoon tyachi kalji tyachi mavashi irma ghet hotee. meey 1948 teey februwari 1950 darmyan niebergaul yanni reinland-paletinetsathi pakshache adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. tyanni 1949 teey 1953 darmyan rashtriy rajkarani, paschim german sansadeche ('bundstag') sadasya mhanoonahi kaam kele.
kele paschim germanychya nivadanukit communistanna 15 jaaga midalya, parantu pudhil chaar varshant shityuddhacha vadhata tanav, purv germanytil juuna juuna bandachya kroortet soviet sainyacha sahbhag aanee paschim germanytil communist paksh haah kamgaranchya hakkanvar laksh kendrit karnari chalval navhati, ashee vadhati dharana, dhokadayak soviet pararashtra dhoranache eka bhesalyukt sadhan mhanoon, yaa sagalyamule nivadanukitil pathimba tutala. 1953 chya nivadanukit bundstagmadhil jaaga midvanyasathi aavashyak asaleli 5 takke maryada paar karnyasathi pureshi rashtriy matanchi takkewari midvanyat paksh ayashasvi tharala. neabergaulne pudhil done varshant aapala barachsa kinwa sampoorn vel purv berlinmadhye ghalavala, jithun 1953 teey 1955 darmyan tyanni communist pakshache netrutva kele. 1946 saalee samajvadi ekata pakshat villin jhalyavar purv germanymadhye communist pakshache astitva prabhavipane sampushtat aale hote, tyamule tyanna purv germanytun eka aayog tayar karnyachya visangat sthiteet thewale, joou (ghatatya) communist pakshat pakshachya shistachi amalbajavani karnyasathi jababdar hota, jyane tyanche karya paschim germanyparyant maryadit kele. 1955 madhye too aupcharikpane sarlandmadhye qaa paratala heey yaa virodhabhasanmule spasht houu shakate.
germanychya sanghiy ghatanatmak nyayalayane august 1956 madhye yaa pakshavar bandee ghatali. hii bandee "marksvadi-leninist pakshachya sangharshat uddishte sadhya karnyasathi pakshane vaparlelya aakramak aanee ladhau paddhatinmule hotee". eka tulanene sahanubhootishil strotachya drushtikonatun oto niebergalla aata navyane chhalala samore jaave lagale. paschimekade paratalyapasun niebergal sarbrukenchya nagarpalika parishadecha samyavadi sadasya mhanoon basala hota, jeey padd tyane aata gamavale aahe. too punha ekada purv germanyla paratala. purvekade teey 1957 teey 1971 darmyan (paschim german) communist pakshachya kendriya samitiche sadasya hote (jeey teey paschimekade paratale asate tarr bekaydeshir tharale asate).
rajkiy vair kayam asoonahi, 1953 madhye joseph stallinchya mrutyunantar, suruvatila adrushyapane, germanychya done bhaganmadhil shityuddhacha tanav qamee tivra jhaala kinwa kiman thoda qamee asahaneey jhaala. 1968 saalee paschim germanyt german communist pakshachi nirmiti jhaali. naav vegale hote, pann thodesech. rajkaran, soviet prayojit purv german bhagini paksh aanee pakshachya sadasyatvashi asalele jawalche sambandh yabaddalahi asech sangitale jaau shakate. pann 'naveen' pakshavar bandee ghalanyat aalee nahee. oto niebergaul 1968 madhye sameel jhaale, 1971 madhye reinland-paletinetmadhil pradeshik pakshachya karyakari mandalache sadasya jhaale aanee naveen pakshachya itihas aayogache pramukh jhaale. 1971 madhye kinwa tyapurvi teey shevatche purvekadoon paschimekade sthalantarit jhaale aanee punha menz yethe tyanche ghar banale. matra, toparyant teey bahutansh karanansathi nivrutt jhaale hote. 1972 madhye teey 'german majee pratikar ladhvayyanchya hitsambandh sanghataneche (intersengemeinschaft ehmaligar dutior widestandscamper/iedw) adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle gele.
14 februwari 1977 roji oto niebergaul yanche nidhan jhaale.

