
parvat halavane (kadambari)

moving daad mounton' hii charlot perkins gillman yanni lihileli strivadi aadarshavadi kadambari aahe. heey pustak perkins gillman yanchya 'daad forerner' yaa niyatkalikat aanee nantar 1911 madhye pustakachya swarupat, anukrame prakashit jhaale. ekonisavya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee visavya shatkachya suruvatila, aadarshavadi aanee dystopian sahityachya pramukh laharitil heey pustak eka ghatak hote. hii kadambari gillmanchya aadarshavadi trayitil pahila khand dekhil hotee; tyanantar prasiddha 'hearland' (1915) aanee tyacha pudhcha bhag 'with hear inn overland' (1916) aala.
shaili.
eka sankshipt prastavnet, gillmanne tichya kadambarichi olakh sthapit aadarshavadi sahityashi spashtapane kelee aahe; tine edward bellamichya 'looking backward' (1888) aanee etch. saha, playtoche 'prajasattak' aanee surr thomas morchya mool 'aadarshkatha' chaa ullekh keela aahe. jee. wells 'inn daad days auph daad commett' (1906).
gillmanne tichya pustakala spashtapane "alp-antaracha aadarsh drushtikon, eka lahan baal aadarsh drushtikon, eka lahan joou vadhu shakato" asey mhatale aahe."gillman tichya nayakala sudharlelya bhavishyat aanato, parantu itar pustakanmadhye aadhalanaya" "atyant dursthatechya ghatkashivay". " bellamine tyacha nayak julien westla 113 varshe pudhe, 1887 teey 2000 paryant dhakalale hote; tyacha purvavarti johnn mckeyne tyachya kathakarala 'daad diotha' (1883) madhye sampoorn 7700 varshe pudhe fekale. yaulat, gillmanne tichi johnn robertson hii vyaktirekha andaje 1910 teey 1940 paryant keval teen dashake pudhe halavali. (hii yukti vaparnare bellami heey tyachya kalatil sarvat prasiddha lekhak hote aanee tyache anukaran karnare aanee virodhakanni tyanchya pudhil bhaganmadhye aanee pratisadanmadhye tyacha vapar keela. tarihi ekhadya patrala velenusar pudhe nenyachi yukti merrie griffithchya 1836 chya 'teenshe varshe nantar' yaa katheparyantchya american sahityat aadhalu shakate.) perkinschee ranniti yapurvi bradford pekne vaparali hotee, jyane tyachya nayakala 'daad world aaa department stoar' (1900) madhye 25 varshe pudhe nele.
perkins eka mansala changlya jagaat velevar pathavato, parantu tyachyashi julavun ghenyat tyala khol adachani yetat. yethe punha ekada, tee hii yukti vaparoon pahanari pahili lekhika navhatih doubleu. etch. hudsonche 'aaa chrystal aij' (1887) aanee elizabeth corbetche 'nyu amazonia' (1889) samaan samanya drushtikon ghetat.
saransh.
kadambarichi suruvat tisya vyaktimadhye lihilelya eka sankshipt drushyane hoteh tibetmadhil eka durgam thikani, sthanik veshbhushetil eka manus, sthanik lokanchya eka gatachya pathimbyane, eka anveshanatmak mohimechya pramukhsthani asalelya eka mahilecha samna karato. purush aanee stree ekmekanna bhawande mhanoon olakhatat mhanoon achanak jaaniv hote; purush kosalato, dhakkyane maat karato.
tyanantar hii katha johnn robertsonne tyachi baheen elenla bhetalyanantar lihilelya pratham-vyakti khatyavar badalate. tees varshanpurvi, vayachya 25 vya varshi, robertson grameen tibetmadhun pravas karat hota; tyachya pakshapasoon door bhatkat asatana, too harvoon padala hota aanee eka utaravar padala hota. sthanik gavkyanni tyanchi punha tabyet sudharali, parantu tyanchi smaranshakti khoop bighadali hotee. jevha tyachya bahineela too sapadala tevhach tyala tyachi aathvan parat aalee. too tichyabarobar americet paratato, jyaa samajacha samna tyachya tarunyatil olakhipeksha khoopach vegala aahe.
1920 chya sumaras, jevha robertson tibetmadhye aspashtapane jagat hote, tevha americene 'samajvadachya palikade' mhanoon varnan keleli arthshastra pranali sweekarli hotee, rashtravadacha eka taana jyane samajvadane upasthit kelelya serve prashnanchi uttare pratyakshat samajvadi naan hota dilee, tyachya samajache aanee sanskratiche nutanikaran kele; aanee tethoon teey 'samajik utkranti' aanee aspasht 'naveen dharma' dware adhik karyaksham rashtra mhanoon vikasit hott rahile. tyachi baheen eka mahavidhyalayachi adhyaksh aahe heey jaanun robertonla aashchary vatate-aanee tee eka vivahit mahavidhyalayachi adhyaksh aahe heey jaanun too aashcharyachakit hoto. too tyacha mehuna aanee putanya aanee bhachila bhetato aanee tyachya paramparik manovruttit tyala varanvar aavhan dile jaate. too strivadi nahee; gharee jaananya jahajavar tyala eka aakarshak aanee utsahi tarun stree bhetate aanee teela vatate, "majhi baheen sivil engineer aahe heey chukun samajale asave. tee mahavidhyalayin mulgi asoo shakate-pann tyahoon white kahee nahee."
bahutek pustakat johnn robertsonla tyachya kutumbatil sadasyanni aanee itaranni naveen, tarkshuddha, suvyavasthit samajik vyavasthet shikavale aahe. 1940 chaa gillman america haah garibi kinwa veshyavyavasay nasalela desh aahe, "kamgar samasya nahee-rung samasya nahee-laingik samasya nahee-jawaljawal konatahi rog nahee-agadi qamee apghat-vyavharikdrushtya aag nahee", eka ashee jaaga jyamadhye "ekmev prakarchya turungala vilgikaran mhanatat", jithe jangaltodi aanee matichi dhoop yaa samasyanvar upay kele jaat aahet aanee jyamadhye "konalahi divasatoon done tasanpeksha jaast kaam karanyachi garaj nahee aanee bahutek lock chaar taas kaam karatat..."
yaa pustakatil madhyavarti adhyayanmadhye gillmancha samaj sudharanansathicha karyakram aahe. mulee aanee mulansathi samaan shikshan aanee vaganuk, kaam karananya mahilansathi divas-palat kendre aanee eka shatkanantarhi prasangik asalelya itar samasya asha mothya pramanat samajik sahkaryane, tichya swatachya kalat sthapit karata yenyajogya tarkbuddhi aanee karyakshamatechya upayanvar tee laksh kendrit karate. tarihi gillman tantrik pragatila dekhil anumati detoh udyog aanee shahari samajat vidyut urja hii prerak shakti aahe, joou mukhytah bharatimule (ekvisavya shatkachya suruvatila vastavik jagaat vikasit kele jaanare tantradnyan) nirman hote, tasech "pawan-giranya, jaal giranya" aanee "saur injine". aakash 'havai jahajanni' bharalele aahe.
lock aata 'naveen manavtavad' palatat. shakaharipanacha prachalan aahe, shikar sampali aahe aanee pranisangrahalay aata rahile naheet. (gillmanchi prani hakkanchi sankalpana, tathapi, shikari pranyanche nirmulan, tyancha shikar vachavanyasathi pradan karate.) tambakhu aanee darudekhil fashionchya baher aahet, kaaran mukt jhalelya striya tyaa savayincha nishedh karatat.
robertsonla naveen samajik vyavastha swikarane sope vatat nahee; tyachi baheen halooch tyachi "namshesh jhalelya manachya prajatiche" udaharan mhanoon, "lokarichya vishalkay" sarkhech vilakshan mhanoon khilli udavate. 1940chya swachchh, shant, sunder shaharanaivaji, tyachya tarunyatil shaharanmadhil gongat, ghaan, gardichya gondhalachi tyala utkat ichcha asate. tyachya asantoshat, robertson tyachya dakshin carolina yaa mool rajyat tyachya kaka jeeck, eka vruddha shetkari aanee gelya tees varshanchya aamulagra sudharananna nakarnara eka drudh pratikriyavadi, yanna bhetanyasathi jaato. kaka jeeck ajunahi tyachi vruddha patni aanee madhyamvayin spinster mulgi drucilla hichyabarobar udarnirvah sheticha sarav karatat. robertson tyachya chulat bhavachi, tyachyapeksha daha varshanni lahan asaleli drucillachi aathvan eka priy mool mhanoon karato-aanee tee jagana kathor aanee vanchit jivanamule tyala dhakka basato. tyachya "tibetmadhil tees varshe", jyane tyachya vicharanvar khoop bhaar takala hota, aata "carolinachya aalighanimadhil unchavaril shetavaril yaa tees varshanchya tulanet suttisarkhi disate."too drucilla tyachyashi lagn karnyasathi, tyachya swatachya ektepanala tond denyasathi aanee teela changle jeevan denyasathi patvoon deto-aanee asey kartana robertson tyane purvi virodh kelelya utkrusht aadhunik jagacha sweekar karnyas yeto.
sujananshastra aanee samajik niyantran.
tichya itar kamanpramanech 'donger halavane' madhye, gillman eugenixchya sankalpananche manoranjan karate, jyamule anekada vaiyaktik swatantryala haanee pohochate. mulanche sangopan aanee sambandhit baabee samajik niyantranakhali aahet. ticha nayak johnn robertson eka tappyavar tippani karato, "mea yaa sarvanchya mage eka prakarcha 'makhmali hatmojyatil lokhandi haat' pahila aahe."naveen kayade" sadosh aanee vikrut lokanchya janmachi tapasani karatat "aanee" gunhegar aanee vikrut "nirjantukikaran kele jaatat. kharokharach, gillman yaa pustakat tichya siddhantatil itaratra karnyapeksha pudhe jaate; heey nondavale gele aahe qee tichya kamanpaiki heey ekmev kaam aahe jyamadhye gillmanne rajyane samajik 'avanchhit' lokanchya hatyela manjuri dilee."
gillmanchya amerikechya kalpanik parivartanachi eka kalee bajoo hotih eka mahitee denara johnn robertsonla spasht karato qee, "aamhi aamchya sarvottam upchar shaktincha prayatna kelyanantar anek nirashajanak apghatit, vede, moorkh aanee khyan vikrut lokanna thaar marle."tarihi upcharanchya naveen paddhatinmule asha tokachya upayanchi aavashyakta qamee hote; heey shabd bolanare pustakatil patra heey eka sudharit madyapi aanee kokenche vyasani aahe, joou vidyapithachya naitikateche pradhyapak jhaale aahet.
vihiri aanee strivad.
gillman etch. chya prabhavachi nond karato. jee. tichya prastavnet changli aahe-pann strivadi sthitibaddalachya tyachya maryadit samjabaddal tee tyachyavar tikshna teeka dekhil karate.