
african panjadar bedook

african panjawa bedook (zenopus levis), jyala zenopus, african panjawad tooad, african panjawad bedook kinwa platana asehi mhanatat) hii african jaleey bedukchi eka prajati aahe. tyache naav pratyek magchya payavaril teen lahan panjanvarun ghetale gele aahe, jyacha vapar teey tyache ann fadanyasathi karate. zenopus' yaa shabdacha arth 'vichitra paay' aanee 'levis' yacha arth 'gulgulit' assa hoto.
hii prajati up-sahara aafrikechya bahutansh bhagat (nigeria aanee dakshin aafrikeparyant sudan) aanee uttar america, dakshin america, europe aanee aashiyatil vegalya, parichay jhalelya loksankhyemadhye aadhalate. pipide kutumbatil serve prajati jeebh nasaleli, daat nasaleli aanee purnapane jalchar aahet. teey tyanchya tondat aanee galyat ann halavanyasathi tyanche haat vapartat aanee tyanchya tondatil vastoo kadhanyasathi kinwa shoshanyasathi hibranchial pump vapartat. pipideche paay pohanyasathi aanee jevananantar fuffus ghenyasathi shaktishali asatat. teey mothya annache tukade fadanyasathi tyanchya payanvarche panje dekhil vapartat. tyanna kanavaril bahya padade nasatat, parantu tyaeivaji tvachekhalil cartilaginus disk asatat jyaa samaan karya karatat. teey ann shodhanyasathi tyanchi sanvedanshil bote aanee vasbhavna vapartat. pipide heey malvisarjan karnare aahet aanee jawaljawal kahihi jiwant, maran pavnare kinwa mrut aanee konatyahi prakarcha sendriya kachara khatat.
europbharasah anek deshanmadhye haah eka keetak aahe.
varnan.
up-sahara aafrikechya aagney bhagatil talav aanee nadyanmadhye heey bedook bharpur pramanat aahet. teey jalchar asatat aanee bahutekda hiravya-rakhadi rangache asatat. african panjadar bedukanna varanvar paliv prani mhanoon vikale gele aahe aanee kadhikadhi tyanchi olakh african butke bedook mhanoon chukichi kelee jaate. albino panjadar bedook heey samanya aahet aanee prayogshalansathi prani mhanoon vikale jaatat.
teey madichya sharirachya baher undy falit karoon punarutpadan karatat (bedkache punarutpadan pahaa). saat phulagappe modapaiki (bedook jyaa sthiteet sangopan karatat), heey bedook vandhyatvachya fulagappemadhye prajnan kartana aadhaltat, jithe narr madichya magchya payansamor madila pakadato aanee undy baher yeiparyant dabato. mug purush andyanvar shukranunchi favarani karoon tyanna falit karatat.
african panjadar bedook atyant anukool asatat aanee jevha paristhiti tyala parvanagi deil tevha teey tyanchi undy ghalatil. olya pavsalyat teey ann shodhanyasathi itar talavanmadhye kinwa panyachya khaddyanmadhye jaatat. dushkalachya kalat, panjanche bedook swatahla chikhalat budavoon eka varshaparyant supt houu shakatat.
"zenopus levis" heey 15 kinwa tyahoon adhik varshe jangalat aanee 25-30 varshe bandivasat jaganyasathi olakhale gele aahet. teey pratyek hangamat tyanchi tvacha galavatat aanee tyanchi swatachi tvacha khalle jaatat.
jaree swarkosh nasla taree, narr swarayantratil aantarik snayu aakunchan pavoon, lamb aanee lahan chakranchi eka eka karoon sanyog sadhatat. striya dekhil swarane uttar detat, ektar purushanchi sweekruti (rapping aavaj) kinwa nakar (mand tick tick) darshavtat. yaa bedkachi tvacha gulgulit nisaradi asate jee tyachya pathivar bahurangi asate aanee tyavar olive grey kinwa tapkiri rangache daag asatat. khalcha bhag pivalya rangachya rangasah pandhara rangane nilsar asato.
narr aanee maadee bedook khaleel farkandware sahajpane olakhale jaau shakatat. narr bedook lahan aanee patal asatat, tarr maadee mothya aanee adhik kurkurit asatat. purushanchya hatanvar aanee bahunvar kaale thipke asatat, jeey purate sambandh asatana mahilanna pakadanyat madat karatat. mahilanmadhye adhik spasht rangchhata asato aanee tyanchya mageel payanchya varr nitambasarkhe phuge asatat jithe tyanchi undy aateel bhagat asatat.
purush aanee striya doghannahi eka zaga asato, joou eka kaksh aahe jyadvare pachak aanee mutratil kachara jaato aanee jyadvare prajnan pranali dekhil rikami hote. sarpatanare prani aanee ubhaychar heey tinhi pranalinsathi ekach dwar asalelya ventdware clock rikame hote.
vartan.
african panjanche bedook purnapane jalchar asatat aanee dushkal kinwa itar adthalyanchya velee naveen jalashayanmadhye sthalantarit honyashivay kvachitach paanee sodatat. panjanchya bedakanche paay shaktishali asatat jeey tyanna panyakhali aanee jaminivar vegane halanyas madat karatat. dakshin velsmadhil jangali panjadar bedook thikanandarmyan pravas kartana aadhalale aahet. zenopus' prajatichya payanna shevatchya teen ankanvar teen kaale panje asatat. yaa panjancha vapar ann fadoon shikari pranyanna khajavanyasathi keela jaato.
panjadar bedook heey mansahari prani aahet aanee teey maase, tadpoles, crustatians, analyds, arthropods aanee itaransah jiwant aanee mrut donhi prakarche shikar khatat. panjadar bedook tyanchya tondat basoo shakanare kahihi khanyacha prayatna kartil. jalchar asalyane, panjadar bedook itar bedakanpramane drushti shodhanyaivaji shikar shodhanyasathi tyanchi gandhashakti aanee tyanchi parshva resha vapartat. tathapi, panjadar bedook ajunahi tyanchya dolhyancha vapar karoon pahoo shakatat aanee tyanchi doki panyatoon baher kadhoon shikar kinwa shikarikade pahatat. panjadar bedook kide aanee itar annapadarth shodhanyasathi tharatoon khodatat. tyanchi jeebh itar bedakanpramane vadhu shakat nahee, mhanoon panjadar bedook ann pakadanyasathi aanee teey tyanchya tondat favade marnyasathi tyanche haat vapartat.
heey bedook visheshtah narbhakshi asatat; californiatil jangali panjanchya bedkanchya potatil samagreene bedkachya alya mothya pramanat ughad kelya aahet. panjanche bedook alya heey galan karnare aanee planktonmadhun poshakdravye gola karnare alya asatat, jyamule tadpolscha vapar karananya praudh bedakanna yaa poshak tattvanmadhye pravesh midato. yamule, jyaa bhagat annadhanyache itar srot qamee aahet, asha bhagat panjadar bedook jagoo shakatat.
panjadar bedook heey ratrabhar chalanare asatat aanee bahutek prajnan kriya aanee andharanantar aahar hoto. narr panjadar bedook atishay swachchand asatat aanee teey itar narr aanee agadi bedkanchya itar prajatinnahi pakadu shakatat. pakadale gelele narr bedook sutakeche coll kartil aanee mukt honyacha prayatna kartil.
jarr teey khalle nahee tarr, panjadar bedook tharavar sthir basatil kinwa tyanchi doki baher chikatoon varchya bajula tarangatil.
jivashastra.
thyroid.
ex'. levis yakrut, dusya prakarchya iodothyronine deodinezche utpadan vadhavun qamee tapmanala pratisad dete. yamule thyroid shariratil tapman vadhavanyasathi tii vadhavanyas pravrutt hote. (hii vaadh roganu peshi apoptosisla dekhil prerit karate, jee tadpole rupantaramule uralelya janukandware madhyasthi karate.)
tii samprerak sodanyachya ushkeranache parinam heey teey kuthe suru hote yavarun vyapakpane vegale kele jaatatah jarr madhyavarti, madhya-bases hypothalamuschya aat, tarr teey hangami vrushan vadhis uttejan dete; jarr paridhiy asel tarr, vrushan pratigaman aanee thund-hangam thermogenesis.
hii nirikshane serve kasheruki thyroid pranalinmadhye mothya pramanat lagoo asalyache manale jaate.
lipidomics.
tian ett all 2014 aanee phann ett all 2015 yanni 'zenopus' andakoshanchya lipidomicscha abhyas keela aahe.
jangalat.
jangalat, "x. levy heey up-sahara aafriketil shushk/ardhashushk pradeshanmadhil panthal jaaga, talav aanee talavanche mool rahivasi aahet. "ex. levis aanee ex. mulary' haah mahan african darichya paschim simevar aadhalato. up-saharache lock samanyatah yaa bedkashi khoop parichit aahet aanee kahee sanskruti tyacha vapar prathinancha srot, kamottejak kinwa prajananksham aushadh mhanoon karatat. priyapizamche done aitihasik udrek cantharidine asalele keetak khanarya bedkanchya payanchya sevanashi jodalele aahet.
"ex. jangalatil levis samanyatah mutrashayatil monogenians vividh parajivindware sankramit hotat.
sanshodhanat vapara.
"zenopus" bhrun aanee undy hii vividh prakarchya jaivik abhyasansathi eka lokpriy pratikruti pranali aahe, kaaran tyanchyat varshbhar undy ghalanyachi kshamata aahe. kiman anek aadarsh jivanchya tulanet, prayogik margkramankshamata aanee manavanshi asalelya utkranti sambandhanchya shaktishali sanyogamule yaa pranyacha mothya pramanavar vapar keela jaato. jaivavaidhyakiy sanshodhanat yaa bedkanchya vaparachya adhik vyapak charchesathi, 'zenopus' pahaa.
"zenopus levis" heey garbhadharanechya chachanichya pahilya mothya pramanat vaparlya jaanarya paddhatimadhye tyachya vaparasathi dekhil ullekhaneey aahe. 1930 chya dashakat, cape tauun vidyapithatil lancellot hogbenche vidyarthi, hillel shapiro aanee harry zwarenstein yaa done dakshin africi sanshodhakanni, asey shodhun kadhale qee garbhavati mahilanchya mutramule 'ex' madhye andakosh nirmiti hoil. injection dilyanantar 8-12 tasanchya aat levis. 1960chya dashkaparyant hii eka sadhee aanee vishvasarh chachani mhanoon vaparali jaat hotee.
1940 chya uttaradhat, carlos gally mainini yanna vegvegalya abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale qee aaj garbhadharana darshavinyasathi "zenopus" aanee "bufo" chya purush namunyancha vapar keela jaau shakato, vyavsayikdrushtya upalabdh etch. see. jee. chey injection "zenopus" purush aanee striyanmadhye dile jaate jenekarun samagam vartan prerit hoil aanee varshachya konatyahi velee bandivasat asalelya yaa bedakanchi prajnan hoil.
"prushthavanshiy pranyanchya aanvik, peshi aanee vikasatmak jivashastratil inn vivo abhyasasathi 'zenopus' heey byanch kalapasoon eka mahattvache sadhan aahe. tathapi, 'zenopus' sanshodhanachi vistrut vyapti yaa atirikt vastusthitivarun udbhavate qee 'zenopus' pasoon tayar kelele peshi-mukt ark peshi aanee aanvik jivashastrachya moolbhut pailunchya abhyasasathi eka pramukh inn vitro pranali aahe. asha prakare, "zenopus" hii ekmev kasheruki pratirup pranali aahe jee januk karya aanee uchch-utpadan jaiv rasayanshastrachya vivo vishleshanamadhye uchch-utpadankshamatesathi parvanagi dete.
"aayan vahtook aanee vahini sharirvidnyanasaha vividh pranalinchya abhyasasathi 'zenopus' andakosh hii tyanchya swatachya adhikarat eka agraganya pranali aahe. zanthos aanee itar 2001 heey prushthavanshiy pranyanmadhye purvi aadhalalyapeksha aadhi tii-boxes abhivyakti ughad karnyasathi andakosh vapartat.
jaree "x. levismadhye 'janukeey pratiman jivanmadhye samanyatah apekshit asalela qamee pidhicha vel aanee janukeey sadhepana nasato, too vikasatmak jivashastra, peshi jivashastra, vishavidnyan aanee majjatantushastratil eka mahattvacha pratiman jeev aahe. "ex. levisla laingik paripakvata gathanyasathi 1 teey 2 varshe lagatat aanee tyachya bahutek vanshanpramanech too tetraplied aahe. tathapi, tyat eka motha aanee sahaj hatalala jaanara bhrun aahe. ubhaychar garbhanmadhye hatalanichya sulbhatemule tyanna aitihasik aanee aadhunik vikasatmak jivashastrat mahattvapoorn sthan midale aahe. zenopus tropicallis' yaa sambandhit prajatila aata anuvanshashastrasathi adhik vyavharya model mhanoon protsahan dile jaat aahe.
roser volcott sperine 'x' vaparale. drushya pranalichya vikasache varnan karananya tyachya prasiddha prayogansathi levis. yaa prayoganmule chemoaphinity gruhitak tayar jhaale.
"zenopus" andakosh aanvik jivashastrasathi eka mahattvachi abhivyakti pranali pradan karatat. andakoshat dii. aine. aii. kinwa emm. aar. aine. aii. injection deuun kinwa garbh vikasit karoon, shastradnya niyantrit pranalimadhye prathin utpadanancha abhyas karoo shakatat. yamule hatalalelya dii. aine. aii. chee (kinwa emm. aar. aine. aii.) jalad karyatmak abhivyakti houu shakate. heey visheshtah electrophysiologymdh upayukt aahe, jithe andakoshatun nond karanyachi sahajata padada vahinyanchi abhivyakti aakarshak banavate. andakosh karyatil eka aavhan mhanje mool prathine kadhoon takane, jeey parinam gondhalat takoo shakatat, jase qee andakoshatil mool padada vahinya. prathinanche bhashantar avarodhit kele jaau shakate kinwa purv-mrunache vibhajan morpholino antisense oligosache andakoshat (sampoorn garbhat vitaran karnyasathi) kinwa lavkar bhrunat (fakt injection kelelya peshichya kanya peshinmadhye vitaran karnyasathi) injection deuun sudharit kele jaau shakate.
x" chya andyanmadhun ark. levis bedakancha vapar samanyatah dii. aine. aii. pratikruti aanee durustichya jaivarasayanik abhyasasathi dekhil keela jaato, kaaran heey ark peshi-mukt vatavaranat dii. aine. aii. pratikruti aanee itar sambandhit prakriyanna purnapane samarthan detat jyamule sahaj hatalani houu shakate.
1962 madhye african panjawate asalela bedook haah aataparyantche pahile prushthavanshiy pratirupan karnara prani hota, jyachya prayogasathi surr johnn gurden yanna 2012 madhye sharirshastra kinwa aushadhatil nobel paritoshik denyat aale hote, "paripakv peshi punha pluripotent honyasathi program kelya jaau shakatat yaa shodhasathi".
yavyatirikt, antaral shuttlechya prayatnat (jeey 12 september 1992 roji antaralat prakshepit karnyat aale hote) anek african panjayukt bedook upasthit hote jenekarun shoonya gurutvakarshanamadhye punarutpadan aanee vikas samanyapane houu shakato qee nahee yachee chachani shastradnya karoo shaktil.
"zenopus levis" hii apoptosischya yantranechya abhyasasathi eka aadarsh pratikruti pranali mhanoon dekhil kaam karate. kharey tarr, iodine aanee thyroxin ubhaycharanmadhil alya, shepati aanee pankhanchya peshinchya netradipak apoptosisla uttejit karatat aanee tyanchya majjasansthechya utkrantila uttejan detat, jyamule jaleey, shakahari tadpolche sthaliy, mansahari bedukmadhye rupantar hote.
yaa bedkachya mool peshincha vapar zenobots tayar karnyasathi keela jaat asey.
genome sequencing.
x' chya anukramanikevar prarambhik kaam. rashtriy aarogya sansthanni nidhi puravalelya prakalpanchya sanyogane, wallingford aanee markot prayogshalanni texas institute phaur drugg andd diagnostic development (ti3dii) kadoon nidhi midavalyavar levisacha genome suru jhaala. x' chee 'navnirmiti' samavisht karnyasathi kamacha vegane vistar jhaala. jagbharatil gatanchya sahkaryane illumina hye-seek rna sequencing dataset daan karat levisachya pratilekhanchi. rakshar aanee harland gatanni (yuu. see. berkley) aanee taira aanee sahkaryanni (tokio vidyapith, japan) kelelya genome sequencingne yaa prakalpala mothee chalana dilee, jyamule netherlands, koria, canada aanee austreliyatil tapaskartyanchya atirikt yogdanamule 2016 madhye genome sequence aanee tyache vaishishtyikaran prakashit jhaale.
transexpression sadhan mhanoon.
"ex. levisachya andakoshancha vapar anekada transgenchya krutrimaritya prerit abhivyaktisathi eka sope model mhanoon keela jaato. udaharanarth, vishesh vahak utparivartakanni tayar kelelya kloroquine pratikarshakticha abhyas kartana teey samanyatah vaparale jaatat. tarihi parkeey abhivyakti ootee swatach abhivyaktimadhye kahee badal karoo shakate aanee mhanoon nishkarsh mool abhivyaktishi purnapane samaan asoo shakatat kinwa nasatilah udaharanarth, bakoh aanee itar 2017 dware loh haah asha eka 'x' madheel vahkasathi eka mahattvacha thurr asalyache aadhalun aale aahe. ell."andakoshika, parantu loh heey keval tyach janukanchya mool abhivyaktimadhye" "anumanitpane" "guntalele asate".
online pratikruti jeev databases.
zenbes haah 'zenopus levis' aanee 'zenopus tropicallis' yaa donhisathicha namuna jeev databases (modd) aahe. zenbes sadhyachya 'zenopus levis' genome (9.1) shhee sambandhit sampoorn tapasheel aanee prakashan mahitee hoost karate.
paliv prani mhanoon.
"1950 chya dashakapasun 'zenopus levis' heey paliv prani aanee sanshodhanache vishay mhanoon thewale gele aahet. teey atyant kathor aanee dirghkal jagatat, 20 kinwa 30 varshanparyant bandivasat jaganyasathi olakhale jaatat.
african panjadar bedukanna paliv pranyanchya dukananmadhye african butke bedook mhanoon varanvar chukiche label dile jaate. olakhanyayogya farak pudhilpramane aaheth
kitkanpramane.
african panjadar bedook heey prachand shikari aahet aanee anek adhivasanshi sahajpane julavun ghetat. yaa karanastav, tee sahajpane eka hanikarak aakramak prajati banoo shakatat. teey itar jalsrotanparyant qamee antar pravas karoo shakatat aanee kahinna saumya gothanapasun vachanyasathi dastaivajikaran dekhil kele gele aahe. teey bedook aanee itar pranyanchya mool loksankhyela tyanche lahan baal khaun uddhvast karatat asey disun aale aahe.
2003 madhye, sann franciscochya golden gett parkmadhil talavat 'zenopus levis' bedook sapadale. yaa pranyancha naash kassa karava aanee tyancha prasar kassa talhava yavar aata yaa bhagat barich charcha suru aahe. heey bedook jaanunbujun sodanyatun kinwa jangalat paloon jaaun sann franciscochya parisansthet pravesh karatat qee nahee heey adnyat aahe. sann franciscochya adhikaanyaanee lilly talavatoon paanee kadhoon takale aanee bedook upashi rahoon martil yaa aashene teey itar talavanmadhye paloon jaau nayet mhanoon tyaa bhagala vedha ghatala.
jyaa ghatananmadhye yaa bedakanna sodale gele aanee tyanna jangalat paloon jaanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee, tyaa ghatananmule, african panjadar bedakanna parvangishivay malki, vahtook kinwa vikri karane khaleel us rajyanmadhye bekaydeshir aaheh arizona, california, kentki, louisiana, nyu jersey, north carolina, oregon, vermont, virginia, havai, newada aanee washington rajya. tathapi, nyu brunswick (canada) aanee ohayomadhye 'zenopus levis' asane kayadeshir aahe.
zenopus levis' chya jangali vasahati united kingdamchya south velsmadhye astitvat aahet. chinmadhil yunnanmadhye, kunmang sarovarat albino panjadar bedakanchi sankhya aahe, aanee aanakhi eka aakramakah american bulfrog. hii loksankhya albino asalyane, asey soochit karate qee panjadar bedook paliv pranyanchya vyaparatoon kinwa prayogshaletun udbhavale aahet.
african panjawate asalela bedook haah eka mahattvacha vahak asoo shakato aanee 'batracochitrium dendrobatedis' yaa citrid burashicha prarambhik srot asoo shakato, jee jagachya anek bhaganmadhye ubhaycharanchya loksankhyet mothya pramanat ghat honyas karanibhoot aahe. itar anek ubhaychar prajatinchya (jawalun sambandhit asalelya western panja asalelya bedkasah) vipareet, jithe yaa citrid burshimule cytrideomycosis haah rog hoto, too african panja asalelya bedkavar parinam karat nahee, jyamule too eka prabhavi vahak banato.