
andre breton

andrey robbert breton (; 19 februwari 1896-28 september 1966) heey french lekhak aanee kavee, saha-sansthapak, nete aanee ativastavadache pramukh siddhantkar hote. tyanchya likhananmadhye 1924 chya pahilya 'ativastavadi jahiranamyacha' ('manifeste du sarriyalism') samavesh aahe, jyamadhye tyanni ativastavadachi vyakhya 'shuddha mansik svayamchalitataa' ashee kelee aahe.
ativastavadi chalvalicha neta mhanoon tyanchya bhoomikebarobarach teey 'najja' aanee 'laal' amore phau 'sarkhya prasiddha pustakanche lekhak aahet. tyaa upkramansah, lekhan aanee plastic kalanvaril tyanchya samikshatmak aanee saiddhantik karyane, andre bretonla visavya shatkatil french qalaa aanee sahityatil eka pramukh vyaktimatva banavale.
charitra.
francemadhil normandy yetheel tinchebre (orne) yethe samanya sadhansampann kutumbat janmalela andre breton haah ekmev mulga hota. tyache vadil lui-justine breton heey police aanee nastik hote aanee tyachi aaee margaret-merrie-yujani leey gaujes hii majee shivankam karnari hotee. bretonne vaidyakeey shalet shikshan ghetale, jithe tyala mansik aajarat vishesh rus nirman jhaala. jevha tyanna pahilya mahayuddhasathi saktine bharati karnyat aale tevha tyanche shikshan viskalit jhaale.
pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat, tyanni nantesmadhil eka majjasansthesambandhichya vibhagat kaam kele, jithe tyanchi bhet alfried jairie bhakt jacks vache yanchyashi jhaali, jyanchya samajvirodhi vrutticha aanee prasthapit kalatmak paramparebaddalchya tiraskarane braitenver lakshaniy prabhav padala. vayachya 23 vya varshi vachane aatmahatya kelee aanee breton aanee itaranna lihileli tyachi yuddhakalin patre 'lateres dii guerrey' (1919) yaa shirshakachya khandat prakashit jhaali, jyasathi bretonne chaar parichayatmak nibandh lihile.
bretonne 15 september 1921 roji tyachi pahili patni simone qaan hichyashi vivah keela. heey jodape 1 janewari 1922 roji parismadhil ruu fontain 42 yethe sthalantarit jhaale. ruu fontainveril (pigalle jilhyatil) apartment bretonchya 5300 hoon adhik vastoonchya sangrahasathi ghar banleh aadhunik chitre, rekhachitre, shilpe, chhayachitre, pustake, qalaa soochi, niyatkalike, hastalikhite aanee lokpriy aanee sagari kalechi kaame. tyachya vadilanpramanech too nastik hota.
dadapasoon teey ativastavadaparyant.
bretonne 1919 madhye lui aragon aanee phillip supaults 'litterature' chey punaravalokan suru kele. too dadavadi tristan zarashi dekhil sambandhit hota. 1924 madhye, beuro auph perrealist researchya sthapanet tyanchi mahattvachi bhoomika hotee.
supaultchya sahkaryane, 'leesa champs magnetics' ('daad magnetic fields') madhye, tyanni svayanchalit lekhanache tattva lagoo kele. tyanni 1924 madhye 'ativastavadi jahirnama' prakashit keela aanee tyaa varshapasoon 'laa revolution surrealist' yaa niyatkalikache sampadak hote. supault, louis aragon, paul alluard, rene cravel, michel lyris, benjamin peret, antonin artod aanee robbert desnos yaa lekhakancha eka gut tyachyashi jodala gela.
arther rimbadchya kamanmadhye aadhalanaya vaiyaktik parivartanachya sankalpana carl markschya rajkaranasah jodanyasathi utsuk asalele breton 1927 madhye french communist pakshat sameel jhaale, jyatoon tyanna 1933 madhye hakalpatti karnyat aalee. nantar manasikdrushtya aajari padalelya eka kalpanashil mahileshi jhalelya tyanchya bhetibaddalchi 'najja' hii kadambari 1928 madhye prakashit jhaali. bretonne vedya premachi sankalpana sajari kelee aanee anek striya gelya kahee varshant ativastavadi gatat sameel jhalya. toyen eka changla mitra hota. yaa kalat, tyanchya qalaa pradarshanatil chitranchya vikrimule teey bahutansh kaal tikoon rahile.
december 1929 madhye, bretonche eka naveen pustak, 'sekand manifest du sarriyalism' ('ativastavadacha dusra jahirnama') prakashit jhaale, jyamadhye eka vakyansh hota joou anekada bretonla uddhrut keela jaato aanee visheshtah albert camusney tyachi ninda keleeh 'sarvat sopya ativastavadi krutimadhye, hatat revolvers, rastyavar utarane aanee shakya titke yadruchchikpane gardimadhye golibar karane samavisht aahe. margaret bonnet namood karato qee 1925 madhye prakashit jhalelya eka lekhat" "laa revolution surrealist" "chya dusya kramankavar aadhich asach eka vakyansh prakashit jhaala hota aanee tyane tyachya kalat laksh vedhale navhate".
dusya jahiranamyachya" pratisadat, lekhak aanee kalakaranni 1930 madhye bretanviruddhacha samoohik patrakancha sangrah prakashit keela, jyache shirshak (bretonchya aadhichya shirshakacha sandarbh detana) "unn cadver" asey hote. lekhak heey ativastavadi chalvaliche sadasya hote, jyancha bretonne upman keela hota kinwa anyatha tyancha tyanchya netrutvavar avishvas hota. yaa patrikene bretonchya dekharekhivar aanee chalvalivaril prabhavavar teeka kelee. suruvatichya ativastavadyanmadhil phoot yamule disun aalee. georges limber aanee georges ribmont-desegness yanni yaa vakyavar bhashya kele, jyat gardit yadruchchikpane golibar karane heey sarvat sope ativastavadi krutya mhanoon varnan kele aahe. limberne tyat bhopalyache aanee nirlajjapanache eka udaharan pahile aanee bretonla dhongi, polis aanee pujari mhanoon sambodhananya ribmont-deviche udaharan pahile.
bretanviruddhachya yaa patrakachya prakashanantar, 'jahiranamyachi' dusari aavrutti hotee, jyat bretonne eka tippaneet mhatale hoteh "mea mhanato qee heey krutya sarvat sope aahe, heey spasht aahe qee majha hetu sarvanmadhye tyachi shifaras karnyacha nahee kaaran teey sope aahe aanee yaa vishayavar majhyashi bhandane karane heey konatyahi gair-anuroop vyaktila too aatmahatya qaa karat nahee, konatyahi krantikarila too ussrmadhe qaa rahnar nahee heey vicharane aahe".
1935 madhye, junmadhye parismadhye suru jhalelya sanskratichya sanrakshanasathi lekhakanchya pahilya aantarrashtriy parishadedarmyan breton aanee soviet lekhak aanee patrakar iliya ehrenberg yanchyat sangharsh jhaala. bretoncha upman herenbergne-serve sahkari ativastavadyansaha-eka patrakat keela hota, jyat itar goshtimbarobarach, ativastavadi heey "pedrast" hote asey mhatale hote. bretonne ehrenbergla rastyavar anek vela thappad marley, jyamule ativastavadyanna congressmadhun hakaloon denyat aale. rene cravel, joou salvador dalichya matey "ativastavadyanmadhil ekmev gambhir samyavadi" hota, too breton aanee itar ativastavadyanpasun alipta hota, jeey tyachya ubhayalingipanamule krevalbaddal naraj hote aanee sarvasadharanpane communistambaddal naraj hote.
1938 madhye bretonne mexicola jaanyasathi french sarkarkadoon sanskrutik aayog swikarla. meksikochya rashtriy swayatt vidyapithat ativastavadabaddal jhalelya eka parishadenantar, breton mexico shaharat haravalyanantar mhanala (kaaran vimantalavar konihi tyachi vaat pahat navhate) "mea yethe qaa aalo heey mallah maheet nahee. mexico haah jagatil sarvat ativastavadi desh aahe.
tathapi, mexicola bhet dilyane leone trotskila bhetanyachi sandhee midali. breton aanee itar ativastavadi patzkuaronpasun erongarikuaaronparyant lamb botichya pravasatoon pravas karat hote. diego rivera aanee frieda kahalo heey buddhijivi aanee kalakaranchya lapalelya samudayala bhet denadhyanmadhye hote. breton aanee trotsky yanni ektritpane 'swatantra krantikari kalesathi jahirnama' (breton aanee digo rivera yaa navane prakashit) lihila, jyamadhye 'kalechya sampoorn swatantryasathi' aavahan kele gele, jeey tyaa kalatil jaagtik paristhitinusar adhikadhik katheen hott hote.
dusare mahayuddha aanee haddapar.
dusya mahayuddhachya suruvatila breton punha french sainyachya vaidyakeey dalat hota. vichee sarkarne 'rashtriy kranticha nishedh' mhanoon tyachya lekhanavar bandee ghatali aanee breton american varian fry aanee hiram 'harry' bingham IV chya madatine 1941 madhye united states aanee caribeanmadhye paloon gela. too newyork shaharat sthalantarit jhaala aanee kahee varshe tethe rahila. 1942 madhye bretonne yell vidyapithat eka abhootpurv ativastavadi pradarshan aayojit kele.
1942 madhye bretonne bretonchya 'faata morgana' yaa kavitechya prakashanavar kalakar wifredo lamsobat sahkarya kele, jyache chitran lamney kele hote.
breton martinican lekhak suzanne sezire aanee aayame sezire yanchyashi parichit jhaale aanee nantar tyanni aayame sezayarchya 'kier dii' una ritor auu pages natal 'chya 1947 chya aavruttichi olakh karoon dilee. newyork shaharatil tyachya vanavasadarmyan tyachi bhet elissa binhoff yaa chilichya mahilela jhaali, jee tyachi tisari patni honar hotee.
1944 madhye, too aanee elisane kyubekmadhil gaspe dweepkalpala pravas keela, jithe tyanni 'arken 17' heey pustak lihile, jeey dusya mahayuddhachi tyanchi bheeti vyakt karate, persey rockchya chamatkaranche aanee uttar amerikechya atyant ishanya bhagache varnan karate aanee elisasobatcha tyancha naveen pranay sajra karate.
1945-46 madheel haitila dilelya bhetidarmyan, tyanni ativastavadi rajkaran aanee svayanchalit pratha yanna haiti kranticha varsa aanee vodou tabyat ghenyachya vidhee paddhatinshi jodanyacha prayatna keela. poort-oo-princemadhil center dii 'aart yetheel abhyagatanchya pustakat bretonne dilelya tippanivarun heey disun yete qee, haitian chitrakaletil alikadil ghadamodi tyachya prayatnanmadhye madhyavarti hotyah "haitian chitra phoenixche rakt pieel. aanee, [geans-jacks] mishtannanchya appollets, teey jagala haveshir karel."breton visheshtah chitrakar aanee vodo pujari hector hypolite yanchya karyacha sandarbh dett hote, jyanna tyanni thet vodo drushye aanee lava (vodo devata) chitrit karnare pahile kalakar mhanoon olakhale, tyaeivaji catholic santanchya chromolithographmadhye lapvoon thevane kinwa tyanna kayamswarupi vevhadvare (vidhinchya velee choornane kadhalele amoort swaroop) aavahan karane. 1940 chya dashakachya uttaradhapasun bretonche hypolytevaryl lekhan nihsanshaypane kalakarachya aantarrashtriy darjasathi madhyavarti hote, parantu surrealistne sahajpane kabool kele qee hypolytechya kalebaddalchi tyanchi samaj tyanchya samaan bhashechya abhavamule avarodhit jhaali hotee. hypolytechya anek chitransah francemadhye paratalyanantar, bretonne hii kalakruti jadutona, mithak aanee jaduvar vadhatya ativastavadi laksh kendrit karnyat ektrit kelee.
bretoncha haitimadhil mukkam haah eka kattarpanthi nishedh chalvalidware deshache adhyaksh ellie lescott hyanna ulthavoon taknyashi julala. bretonchya bheticha krantikari qalaa aanee rajkaranachya yuva niyatkalikane 'laa ruche' neey manapasoon swagat keela, jyane janewari 1946 madhye bretonne dilele bhashan eka bhashanashi prakashit kele, jyache varnan bretonne 'bandkhor swar' asalyache kele. sambandhit muddah sarkarne dadapun takala, jyamule vidyarthyancha sump suru jhaala aanee done divasannantar, eka samanya sampah kahee divasannantar lescott padnyat aala. laa ruche' aanee bandkhorichya prerneshi sambandhit vyaktinpaiki chitrakar aanee chhayachitrakar gerald bloncort aanee lekhak rene depestrey aanee jacks stephen alexes heey hote. tyanantarchya mulakhatinmadhye bretonne ashantatetil tyachya vaiyaktik bhoomikevar bharr deela, aanee "haiti lokanchya dukkhacha aanee asha prakare, sanyam, tyaa velee nirnayak tappyavar hota" yavar bharr deela aanee asey mhatale qee "mea ektach sarkarchya patnala uttejan dile asey mhanane murkhpanache tharel". michael lauvi yanni assa yuktivad keela aahe qee bretonne haitimadhye asatana dileli vyakhyane 'laa ruche' aanee vidyarthi chalvalishi sambandhit tarunanna bhavali, parinami teey 'tyanna tyanchya niyatkalikavar eka zenda mhanoon ubhe karatat' aanee 'tii' (aak) tyanna eka shastra mhanoon pakadatat. lovine bretonchya bhashananmadhye teen sankalpana olakhalya aahet, jyaa prekshakanna eka vishisht taal lavalya asatya asey tyanche mutt aahe, mhanje yuvavargavaril ativastavadacha vishvas, haiticha krantikari varsa aanee haiti lokanchya krantikari kshamatechi prashansa karnare jacks rumen yanche eka uddharan.
nantarche jeevan.
breton 1946 madhye parisla paratala, jithe tyane french vasahatvadala virodh keela (udaharanarth algerian yuddhaviruddhachya "121 chya jahiranamyavar" swakshari karnara mhanoon) aanee tyachya mrutyuparyant, spashtikaran kinwa punaravalokananchya swarupat ("laa bratche", 1961-65) ativastavadyanchya dusya gatala protsahan dene suru thewale. 1959 madhye tyanni parismadhye eka pradarshan aayojit kele.
dusya mahayuddhachya akheris, andre bretonne arajaktavad spashtapane swikaranyacha nirnay ghetala. 1952 madhye bretonne lihile qee, "arajakatavadachya kalya aarshatach ativastavadane swatahla pahilyanda olakhale."bretonne francophone arajaktavadi mahasanghala satatyane pathimba deela aanee sansthapak aanee sarchitanis georges fontainis yanchya sabhovatalachya manchavadyanni eff. aii. chey federation communist libertairmadhye rupantar kelyanantar tyanni aapali ekata darshavine suru thewale.
algerian yuddhachya kalat thodyasha vicharvantanpramanech, jevha eff. see. ell. laa bhoomigat honyas bhag padale gele tevha tyane tyala pathimba dene suru thewale, agadi lapoon basalelya fontainisla aashray dekhil deela. jaree tyanni aanee peret doghannihi sanshleshit arajaktavadi gatane punha ubharalelya naveen arajaktavadi mahasanghala ekjoot darshavali asali taree tyanni rajkiyadrushtya vibhajit french arajaktavadi chalvalit bajoo ghenyas nakar deela. 1960 chya dashakat tyanni facistvirodhi samityanmadhye eff. aii. sobat kaam kele.
andre breton 1966 madhye vayachya 70 vya varshi maran pavale aanee parismadhil cemeteer days battignols yethe tyanna daphan karnyat aale.
varsa.
sangrahak mhanoon breton.
breton qalaa, vanshik sahitya aanee asamanya chhotya chhotya vastooncha utsahi sangrahak hota. tyala visheshtah uttar amerikechya vayavya kinanyavaril sahityat rus hota. 1931 madhye tyanni anubhavalelya aarthik sankatachya kalat, tyanchya sangrahatil bahutansh (tyanche mitra paul ellard yanchya sangrahasah) lilav karnyat aala. tyanantar tyane tyachya studiomadhye aanee 42 ruu fontain yetheel gharee sangrah punha bandhala. aadhunik chitre, rekhachitre, shilpe, chhayachitre, pustake, qalaa soochi, niyatkalike, hastalikhite aanee lokpriy aanee sagari kalechya kalakruti asha 5300 hoon adhik vastooncha sangrah vadhala.
french manavvanshashastradnya claude levy-stross yanni 1940 chya dashkatil newyorkmadheel tyanchya ektrachya velechya aadhare pramanikaranatil bretonchya kaushalyache samarthan kele.
28 september 1966 roji bretonchya mrutyunantar, tyachi tisari patni elissa aanee tyachi mulgi aub yanni vidyarthyanna aanee sanshodhakanna tyachya sangrahat aanee sangrahat pravesh deela. chhattis varshannantar, jevha sangrah sanrakshit karnyasathi eka ativastavadi paya sthapan karnyachya prayatnanna virodh karnyat aala, tevha sangrah druit-richelyu yethe camels cohain yanni lilav keela. imaratichya madhyabhagi asalelya georges pompedou yethe eka bhint jatan kelee aahe.
meey 2008 madhye sothabine 'manifest du sarriyalism' saha nauu purvi aprakashit hastalikhite lilavat takali.
vaiyaktik jeevan.
bretonne teen vela lagn keleh