
datanchi sooj

dantakshay haah datancha vikas aanee tondatil tyanchya vyavastheshi sambandhit aahe. visheshtah, hii dilelya vayat dilelya prajatitil vishisht vyavastha, prakar aanee datanchi sankhya aahe. mhanje, pranyanchya datanchi sankhya, prakar aanee aakarman-shariravidnyan (mhanje, sambandhit datancha aakar aanee swaroop aanee tyache anumanit karya yanchyatil sambandh).
jyaa pranyanche serve daat samaan prakarche aahet, jase qee bahutek sastan pranyanshivayachya prushthavanshiy pranyanmadhye 'homodont' dantakshay asalyache mhatale jaate, tarr jyanchya datanche aakarmanat farak aahe tyanna 'heterodont' dantakshay asalyache mhatale jaate. done datanche (panzadi, kayamswarupi) vanshaj asalelya pranyanche daat yene yala 'defyodont' mhanatat, tarr sampoorn ayushyabhar fakt eka daat sanch asalelya pranyanche daat yene heey 'monofidont' aahe. jyaa pranyanche daat satat fekale jaatat aanee ayushyabhar badalale jaatat, tyanna 'polyfiedont' mhanatat. jyaa pranyanmadhye daat jabadyachya hadanmadhye saketmadhye thewale jaatat, tyanchya dantkshayala 'thecodont' mhanatat.
vihangavalokan.
kasherukichya dantakruminche utkrantivadi mool vadgrast rahile aahe. sadhyachya siddhantanusar datanche utkranti mool ektar 'bahereel' kinwa 'aateel' aahe, jyamadhye tvachechya prushthbhagavaril odontodmule udbhavnare dantvaidhya tondat jaatat kinwa ulat. haah vaad asoonahi, heey manya kele jaate qee prushthavanshiy daat heey besal ganathostomechya tvachevar aadhalanaya tvacharogansathi samaan aahet (i.eae. chaundrictians). sumare 450 mayae datanchya utpattipasun, sarpatanare prani, ubhaychar aanee maase hyanmadhye mankyachya datanche vaividhya aale aaheh tathapi yapaiki bahutek gatanmadhye tokdar kinwa tikshna bajuche, bhinn nasalele daat ("homodont") aahet jeey purnapane badalnyayogya aahet. sastan pranyancha namuna lakshaniyaritya vegala aahe. sastan pranyanmadhil varchya aanee khalchya jabadyanmadhil datanni eka jawalche sambandh vikasit kele aahet, jase qee teey eka ekak mhanoon ekatra karya karatat. "teey 'bund' karatat, mhanje daat chaghalanyache prushthbhag itake bandhalele asatat qee varchya aanee khalchya datanna tantotant ekatra basata yete, kapoon, chirun, daloon kinwa tyaa darmyan adakalele ann fadoon takata yete."
monotrames, zenarthrans, pangolin aanee setatian vagalata serve sastan pranyanna chaar vegvegalya prakarche daat asatat, jyanchi sankhya pratyekasathi jastit jaast asate. heey chhedan ("cutting"), kutre, premolar aanee daadh ("grinding") aahet. datanchya varchya aanee khalchya donhi jabadyanmadhye datanchya panktichya pudhil bhagavar chhedanbindu vyapatat. teey samanyatah sapat, chhenichya aakarache daat asatat jeey kathapasoon kathaparyantchya danshamadhye midatat. tyanche karya ann kapane, kapane kinwa hatalnyayogya tukadyanmadhye kapane aahe jeey pudhil chaghalanyasathi tondat basatat. kutre turalak chiranichya mage asatat. anek sastan pranyanmadhye, kutre tokdar, datanchya aakarache daat asatat, jeey itar datanchya patalichya palikade prakshepit hotat. mansahari pranyanmadhye, teey pramukhyane shikar qamee karnyasathi aakramak shastre aahet. kahee narvanar pranyansarkhya itar sastan pranyanmadhye, teey khulya katheen prushthbhagavaril annache vibhajan karnyasathi vaparale jaatat. manavanmadhye, kutreche daat heey auklusal karya aanee uchcharanatil mukhya ghatak aahet. mandibular daat eka vishisht halchalit maxillary datanviruddha karya karatat jeey aadvya prushthbhagachya aakarashi susangat asatat. yamule chikani aanee dalani karye tayar hotat. sankramanat gears jyaa prakare jaalidar hotat, tyach prakare daat ekatra jodale gele pahijet. jarr virodhi cups aanee chirachya kadaa yanche antarsanchalan yogya prakare nirdeshit kele gele nahee tarr daat asamanyapane (gharshan) ghasoon jaatil, prushthbhagavaril aniyamit sfatikeey dantmalechya sanrachana (gharshan) todun jaatil kinwa mothe tukade (apavartan) modatil. maxilachya sambandhat hii mandiblechi trimiteey halchal aahe. margdarshanache teen mudde aaheth temporomandibular sandhyandvare pradan kelele done pashch bindu aanee chhedan aanee kutryandvare pradan kelele agrabhag ghatak. jevha mastication snayu jabdyala pudhe aanee mage (baher kadhane/mage ghene) halavatat tevha chhedanyantra bahutekda chaghalanyachya chakrachya ubhya ughadanyavar niyantran thevate. chaghalane jevha bajula bajula (bajukadil) asate tevha kutre ubhya halchaliche margadarshan karnyasathi karya karatat. ektech kutre chakrachya agadi shevati itar daat vegale karoo shakatat (cuspid margdarshit karya) kinwa serve prushthbhagache daat samparkat rahoo shakatat (gut karya). yaa halchalichi sampoorn shreni hii stanpanachya karyache aavaran aahe. yaa lifafyachya aateel prarambhik halchal hii samparkat asalelya datanchya aakaravar aanee glenoid fosa/condylechya aakaravar aadharit asate. yaa lifafache bahya toke snayu, asthibandhan aanee tii. emm. jeey. chya sandhey pattyadvare maryadit asatat. agravarti chhedan aanee kutryanchya margdarshanashivay, karyache heey aavaran urvarit datansathi vinashkari tharoo shakate, parinami ghasaghis, fracture kinwa daat sail hone aanee nasht hone mhanoon pahile jaanare avarodhamule periodontal aaghat houu shakato. mukhpudya aanee daadh heey tondachya mageel bajus asatat. vishisht sastan prani aanee tyachya aaharanusar, heey done prakarche daat daloon, kapoon kinwa chirun gilanyasathi annache tukade tayar karatat. pratyek sastan pranyamadhye vishisht daat-chhedan, kutre, mungya aanee daadh-ekach kramane aadhaltat. anek sastan pranyanmadhye, arbhakanchya datancha sanch asato joou baher padato aanee praudh datanni tyachi jaaga gheto. hyanna panzadi daat, prathamik daat, balache daat kinwa dudhache daat mhanatat. jyaa pranyanna datanche done sanch asatat, eka aanee dusra, tyanna diapheodont mhanatat. samanyatah dudhachya datanche dant sootra praudh datansarkhech asate, fakt daadh gayab asatat.
dant sootra.
pratyek sastan pranyache daat vegvegalya karyansathi vishesh asalyamule, anek sastan pranyanchya gatanni tyanche daat gamavale aahet jeey tyanchya anukulanamadhye aavashyak naheet. vishesh aahar kinwa itar rupantaransathi naisargik nivadicha parinam mhanoon datanchya swarupat utkrantivadi badal dekhil jhaale aahet. kalantarane, vegvegalya sastan pranyanchya gatanni datanchi sankhya aanee prakar aanee chaghalanyachya prushthbhagachya aakar aanee aakar yaa donhimadhye dant vaishishtye vikasit kelee aahet.
pratyek prakarchya datanchi sankhya tondachya eka bajusathi kinwa chaturthanshasathi dant sootra mhanoon lihili jaate, jyat varchya aanee khalchya datanna vegvegalya olinvar dakhavale jaate. tondatil datanchi sankhya soochibaddha sankhyepeksha duppat asate, kaaran done bajoo asatat. pratyek sanchamadhye, chhed (i) pratham, kutre (c) dusare, purvamudra (p) tisare aanee shevati daadh (m) darshavile jaatat, jeey i: c: p: m detat. udaharanarth, varchya datansathiche sootra 2.1.2.3 heey varchya tondachya eka bajula 2 chhedan, 1 kutra, 2 purvamudra aanee 3 daadh darshavate. parnapati dant sootra heey deeh yaa aksharachya aadhi lahan aksharanmadhye nondavale jaate, udaharanarth deeh dii. see.: dii. pii..
asha prakare panzadi kinwa kayamswarupi datansathi pranyanche daat yene heey dant sootra mhanoon vyakt kele jaau shakate, jeey apurnank swarupat lihile jaate, jeey, kinwa i asey lihile jaau shakate.see.pii.emm/aay.see.pii.emm. udaharanarth, khaleel sutranmadhye manavansah serve motibinduchya narvanshiyanche panzadi aanee nehamiche kayamswarupi daat yene darshavile aaheh
konatyahi dnyat garbhasth sastan pranyanmadhye datanchi sarvadhik sankhya 48 hotee, jyache sootra hote. tathapi, konatyahi jiwant garbhasth sastan pranyala hii sankhya nasate. vidyaman garbhasth sastan pranyanmadhye, dukaransathi jastit jaast dant sootra aahe. sastan pranyanchya datanchi sankhya samanyatah varchya aanee khalchya jabadyanmadhye sarkhich asate, parantu nehmich nahee. udaharanarth, uchch aanee nimn asha donhi chaturthansh mojanichi garaj darshavinare aay-aayache sootra aahe.
datanchya navanmadhye visangati.
pratyek gatamadhye 1 pasoon datanchi sankhya dilee jaate. asha prakare manvi daat heey aay1, aay2, see1, pii3, pii4, emm1, emm2 aanee emm3 aahet. (purvadhruviy namkaran vyutpattisathi pudhil parichhed pahaa.) manavanmadhye, tisra daadh haah vision tooth mhanoon olakhala jaato, mug too futala asso vaa naso.
premolerschya sandarbhat, tisra prakarcha panzadi daat haah premolar (sastan pranyanmadhil samanya ekmat) aahe qee daadh (samanyatah manvi sharirshastradnyanmadhye) yabaddal matbhed aahet. tyamule pranishastra aanee dantvaidhyakshastratil namkaranamadhye kahee visangati aahe. yache kaaran asey qee manvi dantchikitsechya jyaa atty samanyatah kalantarane prachalit aahet, tyamadhye sastan pranyanchya dant utkranti siddhantancha samavesh nahee. suruvatichya sastan pranyanchya jabadyanchya pratyek chaturthanshamadhye moolatah chaar purvamudra hotya. tathapi, serve jiwant narvanar pranyanni kiman pahila purvadhruv gamavala aahe. "mhanoon bahutek prosemian aanee platyrinemadhye teen premolar asatat. kahee vanshanni ekapeksha jaast vansh gamavale aahet. serve motibindumadhye dusra premolar haravala aahe. urvarit kayamswarupi purvadhruviy kananchi yogyaritya olakh pii2, pii3 aanee pii4 kinwa pii3 aanee pii4 mhanoon kelee jaate; tathapi, paramparik dantchikitsa tyanna pii1 aanee pii2 mhanoon sandarbhit karate.
dant udrek kram.
hirdyanmadhun daat jyaa kramane baher padatat tyala dant udrek kram mhanatat. makak, chimpanzi aanee australopithesins yasarkhya vegane vikasit hott asalelya manavvanshatil narvanar pranyanmadhye emm1 aay1 aay2 emm2 pii3 pii4 see. emm3 chaa udrek kram asato, tarr sharirikdrushtya aadhunik manavanmadhye emm1 aay1 aay2 see. pii3 pii4 emm2 emm3 haah kram asato. daat ugavanyas suruvat hote, tyanantar purviche daat (aay1-pii4) yaa kramat disatat.
puratatvashastrat dantchikitsa vapar.
dantchikitsa kinwa datancha abhyas heey puratatvashastradnyansath, visheshtah junya avasheshanchya abhyasat visheshatva asalelyansathi abhyasache eka mahattvache kshetra aahe. dantvaidhyamule hadanchya urvarit bhagacha (austiometry) abhyas karnyapeksha anek fayade hotat. datanchi rachana aanee vyavastha sthir asate aanee jaree tee varshane midali asali taree paryavaraniy badal, aaharatil visheshatva kinwa vaparachya paddhatinmadhye badal kartana tyat vyapak badal hott naheet. urvarit sangadyamadhye anukulan jhalyamule badal disun yenyachi shakyata jaast asate. daat dekhil hadanpeksha changle jatan karatat aanee tyamule puratatvashastradnyan upalabdh asalelya datanche namune adhik vyapak aahet aanee tyamule adhik pratinidhik aahet.
pracheen loksankhyechya halchalincha magova ghenyasathi dantchikitsa visheshtah upayukt aahe, kaaran chhedankartyanchya aakarat, dadhavaril khambanchi sankhya, shahanpanachya datanchi upasthiti/anupasthiti aanee vishisht datanvar atirikt kapsamadhye farak aahet. heey farak keval antaralatil vegvegalya loksankhyeshi sambandhit asoo shakat naheet, tarr kalantarane badalat dekhil aahet jenekarun datanchya vaishishtyancha abhyas karoon ekhadi vyakti konatya loksankhyeshi vyavhar karat aahe aanee tyaa loksankhyechya itihasatil konatya tappyavar aahet heey sangu shakel.
dynasore.
dynasorechya dantchikitsemadhye tyachya jabadyachya hadanmadhil serve datancha samavesh asato, jyat dantchikitsa, maxillary aanee kahee prakarananmadhye premaxillary hadey asatat. maxila heey varchya jabadyache mukhya haad aahe. premexila heey pranyachya varchya jabadyachya agrabhagat tayar honare eka lahan haad aahe. dantchikitsa heey mukhya haad aahe jeey khalchya jabadyachi (mandibal) nirmiti karate. purvavarti hadey heey eka lahan haad aahe jeey ornithesian dynasoremadhye khalchya jabadyache agrabhag tayar karate; teey nehmich aakarshak asate aanee shinganchya chochela aadhar dete.
aadhunik sarade yanchya ulat, dynasoreche daat jabadyachya hadanchya khambanmadhye vaiyaktikaritya vadhatat, jyanna alvioli mhanoon olakhale jaate. heey codont dantchikitsa magri aanee sastan pranyanmadhye dekhil aadhalate, parantu naun-arcossor sarpatananya pranyanmadhye aadhalat nahee, jyanna tyaeivaji accrodont kinwa pleurodont dantchikitsa asate. haravalelya datanchya jaagi pratyek datanchya saketmadhil mulanchya khalee asalelya datanchi jaaga ghetali gelee. avarodhan mhanje dynasoreche tond bund karane, jithe jabadyachya varchya aanee khalchya bhagantil daat midatat. jarr yaa bandmule maxillary kinwa premaxillary hadanmadhil daat dantchikitsa aanee purvavarti datanna jhakatat, tarr dynasorela atichachani asalyache mhatale jaate, jee yaa gatatil sarvat samanya sthitee aahe. yaulat sthitee hii eka underbite manali jaate, jee theropod dynasoremadhye durmil aahe.
bahutek dynasoreche daat tyanchya jabadyanmadhye samaan aakarache hote parantu aakarane bhinn hote. dynasorechya datanchya aakaranmadhye dandgolakar, khanjirasarkhe, ashrubindu aakarache, panasarkhe, hinyachya aakarache aanee bledsarkhe aakar hote. datanchya vividh aakaranchya dynasorela heterodont denting asalyache mhatale jaate. yache eka udaharan heterodontosauridae gatatil dynasore aanee goodh prarambhik dynasore, "eoraptor" heey aahet. bahutek dynasorechya jabadyachya donhi bajunna datanchi ekach rang hotee, tarr itaranmadhye dant battery hotya jithe galatil daat ekatra jodale jaat hote aanee teey sanyugma daat tayar karat asat. vaiyaktikaritya heey daat ann dalanyasathi yogya navhate, parantu jevha itar datanshi jodale jaatat tevha teey katheen vanaspati samgrichya yantrik pachanasathi eka mothe prushthbhag tayar karatat. yaa prakarchi dant ranniti ornithopod aanee seratopsian dynasore tasech badak-biil hadrosourcemadhye disun yete, jyanche pratyek dant batterymadhye shambharpeksha jaast daat hote. ziphodont navachya mansahari dynasoreche daat samanyatah bledsarkhe kinwa shankuchya aakarache, vakr, dantyayukt kadaa asalele hote. heey dantchikitsa maans pakadanyasathi aanee kapanyasathi sweekarli gelee. kahee prakarananmadhye, 'tyrenosaurus rakes' chya railway-spike-aakarachya datanmadhye aadhalalyapramane, daat hadey chhidra karnyasathi aanee chiradanyasathi tayar kele gele hote. kahee dynasoreche daat tondat pudhe prakshepit hote.
hehee pahaa.
itar lekhanmadhye dantvaidhyakiy charcha.
kahee lekhanmadhye dantvaidhyak upcharanvar upayukt charcha aahet, jyaa olakhalyapramane soochibaddha kelya jaatil.