purvekadil tauhi

eastern tohee (pipilo erythrophthalmus) haah eka motha naveen jaagtik chimani aahe. tovijchya vargikaranavar alikadchya dashakanmadhye vaad suru aahe aanee purvi haah pakshi aanee thipkedar tohee hii ekach prajati manali jaat asey, rufus-side tohee.
tyanche prajnan nivassthan purv uttar americetil zaduyukt bhaganmadhye aahe. teey ektar zadankhali kinwa zudupankhali jaminivar gharate bandhatat. uttarekadil pakshi dakshin united statesmadhye sthalantar karatat. paschim europemadhye bhatkya mhanoon yaa prajatichi eka nond aaheh 1966 madhye gret brittenmadhye ekach pakshi.
heey gaane eka lahanse 'drink yore teah' aahe, jeey sumare eka sekand chalate, jyachi suruvat tikshna aavajane hote ('drink!") aanee eka chhotya chhotya" "teah" "saha samapt hote". tauhi' heey naav, tohichya sarvat samanya colpacky ekache, done bhagancha eka lahan coll, aanee kadhikadhi 'chivink' coll asehi mhatale jaate, tyache varnan karate.
vargikaran.
1758 madhye swedish nisargshastradnya carl linaeus yanni tyanchya 'systema naturere' chya dahavya aavruttit purvekadil tohiche varnan kele aanee tyala 'fringila erythrophthalma' heey dwipadi naav dile. hii prajati aata 1816 madhye french pakshishastradnya louis jeane piyare vielot yanni sadar kelelya 'pipilo' yaa vanshamadhye thewali aahe. erythrophthalmus/erythrophthalma heey vishisht naav pracheen greek shabd ερyθρος 'erothros' 'laal' aanee οφθαλμος 'ophthalmos' 'dolha' yanna ekatra karate.
chaar upprajati olakhalya jaatatah
varnan.
purvekadil tohee hii chimanichi eka mothee aanee lakshavedhi prajati aahe. ekoon lambi aanee pankhanchi lambi aahe. yaa prajatichya vastumanache praman sarasarichya tulanet, teey. praudhanna rufus bajoo, pandhare pooat aanee prayogikdrushtya kadaa asaleli lamb gadad shepati asate. dolhe laal asatat, aagney bhagatil pakshyansathi pandhare asatat. purushanche doke kaale, shariracha varcha bhag aanee shepati asate; heey bhag madimadhye tapkiri asatat. kishoravayin ekoon tapkiri asatat. serve vayogatatil aanee donhi linganche purvekadil tovy samanyatah achook asatat aanee samaan pashchatya thipkedar tohisah saha-astitvat asalyache dnyat nahee.
vitaran.
purvekadil tohee sampoorn purv united states aanee aagney canadamadhye aadhalate. dakshin saskachevan, nairutya auntario aanee dakshinekadil quebeck teey florida aanee pashchimepasun purv texasparyantchya ghatananchi sahitya punaravalokanat nond aahe. dakshin nyu englandchya uttares uttar indiana aanee eleanoy teey dakshin ayova paryantchi loksankhya pramukhyane unhali rahivasi aahet.
"pipilo eae. erythrophthalmus "unhalyat purvekadil tohichya vitaranachya sarvat uttarekadil bhagat aadhalato aanee hivalyat prajatichya shrenichya dakshin aanee purvekadil bhagat sthalantarit hoto. itar upprajati pramukhyane rahivasi aahet. "pipilo eae. canaster dakshin-madhya louisiana, uttar teey ishanya louisiana purvela mississippy, atyant nairutya tenacy, uttar alabama aanee georgia, madhya dakshin carolina teey paschim uttar carolina aanee dakshin teey vayavya florida aanee purvela aakhati aakhati aadhalato. pii" chee shreni. eae. uttar floridapasoon dakshin georgia aanee kinarpatti dakshin carolinapasoon purv-madhya uttar carolinaparyant rilicha vistar aahe. "pipilo eae. eleni haah dweepkalpiy floridamadhye aadhalato.
purvekadil tohee heey junya maidanachya anukramik vanaspati aanee vijechya reshanchya zudupanchya ujavya margavaril bhagansarkhya ashant bhagatil vanaspatinmadhye aadhalate. vayavya arkansasmadhye, purvekadil tovy junya maidanachya vanaspatinmadhye aadhaltat jithe butka sumac ('rus copalina') 28.6% varanvartevar, pankhancha elm ('almus alata') 21 takke varanvartevar aanee kaala cherry ('prunus serotina') 19.2% varanvartevar aadhalato. veej taranchya bajoone zudupanchi zaade samanyatah purvekadil tovidware vaparali jaatat. udaharanarth, marylandmadhye, vijechya ujavya bajoone asalelya purvekadil tohee pradeshanmadhye elpheny blackberry (rubus elphaniensis) aanee blueberry (vaccinium ess. pii. pii.) sarkhya prajati asalelya zudupanchya kshetranshi sambandhit hote.). itar prajatinmadhye hothorn (cretagus ess. pii. pii.) yancha samavesh hota.), laal maple ('eser rubram'), kalee cherry aanee kalee toldhadi ('robinia seudoacasia').
1966 teey 2015 yaa kalat purvekadil tohichi loksankhya atlantic samudrakinaryavar aanee tyachya prajnan shrenichya uttarekadil bhagat 1.5 takkyanhun adhik varshik ghat jhaali.
jivanatil pramukh ghatanancha kalavadhi.
unhali prajnan kshetrat purvekadil toviche aagman aanee prasthan sthananusar badalate. literature reviewnusar, purvekadil tovy samanyatah aprilchya suruvatila newyorkmadhye yetat aanee novemberchya madhyaparyant nighun jaatat. nyu hampshiremadhil purvekadil tovijchya punaravalokanat aprilchya uttaradhat teey meparyantchya aagmanache varnan kele aahe, jyat bahutansh septembermadhye nighatat. pudhe dakshinekade, tenacy aanee uttar carolinachya simevar, mothya dhuranchya parvatanmadhil unch-unchichya bhagat sthalantar marchchya suruvatilach suru hote. purvekadil tohee samanyatah octobermadhye yaa thikanahun nighun jaatat. pipilo eae. erythrophthalmus hii upprajatinpaiki sarvat jaast sthalantarit upaprajati aahe.
prajnan vasant rutumadhye suru hote aanee unhalyachya uttaradhaparyant suru rahate. florida aanee georgia yethe marchchya uttaradhat, aprilchya madhya teey uttaradhat kahee madhyapashchim rajyanmadhye aanee uttar nyu englandmadhye mechya madhyat purvekadil tovy gharate bandhat asalyachya ahavalancha saransh eka sahitya punaravalokanat denyat aala. sahitya samikshanmadhye madine gharate bandhalyache dekhil sangitale aahe, jyala sumare teen teey paach divas lagatat. undy ghalane samanyatah augustparyant hote. udaharanarth, indianamadhil purvekadil tovijche punaravalokan 15 april teey 20 augustparyant gharate bandhanyachya nondinche punaravalokan karate. tathapi, floridatil purvekadil tovijchya sahitya punaravalokanat 2 september 1983 roji aadhalalelya gharatyacha ahwal samavisht hota jyamadhye done undy hotee. anek sahitya samikshannusar, purvekadil tovy gharate bandhanyachya ayashasvi prayatnannantar punarvasan karoo shakatat aanee done aanee dakshinet kadhikadhi teen, pratyek hangamat santati vadhavu shakatat.
literature reviewmadhye, green low ahavalancha arth messic oka ("querks" prajati) jangalat prajnan kshetracha aakar (shreni, aine = 24) assa aahe, jithe purvekadil tovy 21 narr/40 hectorchya ghanatevar aadhaltat. zerich pine ("pinus" prajati)-oka jangalamadhye jethe purvekadil tovichi ghanata 32 narr/40 hector hotee, sarasari purvekadil tovicha pradesh aakar (shreni, aine = 20) hota. massatusetsmadhye, sarasari purush purvekadil tauhi pradeshacha aakar sumare hota aanee maadee purvekadil tauhi pradeshacha aakar hota. prajananachya hangamat pradeshacha aakar badalala aanee annapadarthanchya upalabdhatet 30 takke kinwa tyapeksha qamee ghat jhalyamule tyacha lakshaniy parinam jhaala nahee (pii> 0.05). hivalyat purvekadil tovy itake pradeshik nasatat aanee mishra prajatinchya kalpanmadhye disu shakatat. loblolimadhil purvekadil tovichi dainandin halchal (pru. teda) aanee lamb pananche devdar (pru. dakshin carolinamadhil palestris) jangale aanee safsafaiche marg darroj sarasari. 11 mahila aanee 9 purushanpaiki keval 2 mahila, 10 aathvadyanchya abhyasachya kalavadhisathi jithe tyanna pakadanyat aale hote tyaa standmadhye rahilya.
purvekadil tovies prajnan pradeshambaddal pradeshambaddal drudh nishtha balgatat. nyu jarsimadhil okchya jangalat, bandinganantarchya pahilya varshi praudh purvekadil tauhi paratavyache praman 20 takke aanee tyanantarchya varshant 43 takke hote. 1960 aanee 1967 darmyan, yaa thikani purvekadil tauhi paratanyachi kamal sankhya 5 hotee. 1962 aanee 1967 darmyan pensylvania eka lakudamadhye, purvekadil tohee salag 4 varshe yaa thikani parat aalee.
anek punravlokananmadhye purvekadil tohee klachache aakarman 2 teey 6 andyanparyant asalyache sangitale gele aahe, jyache praman prati gharate 2.45 teey 3.6 undy aahe. floridatil sanibel betavaril serve 5 purvekadil tohee gharatyanmadhye 3 undy hotee. 2 pitch pinemadhye purvekadil tovy ("pii. nyu jersey aanee newyorkmadheel rigida) wanz thikananchi nantarchi undy ghalanyachi sarasari tarikh (junachya madhyat) aanee lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.05) oka-hikri ('carria' spp) peksha gharatyachya klachacha aakar (enje = 2.67, envay = 3.25) lahan hota.) junachya suruvatila undy ghalanyachi sarasari tarikh aanee sarasari prarambhik gharatyacha aakar 3.88 asalela sthal. annachi upalabdhata hii done adhivas prakaranmadhil kiman kahee farak spasht karate. maadee 12 kinwa 13 divas undy ubavate. balantpananantar donhi palak mulanna ann detat, jeey 10 teey 12 divasannantar ugavatat aanee sumare aanakhi eka mahina palakanchya dekhbhalivar avalambun asatat.
purvekadil tohichya gharatyachya yash mulyanchi vistrut shreni nondavali gelee aahe. sanibel betavar, purvekadil 5 tohee gharatyanpaiki 1 yashasvi tharali. louisianamadhye, talagalatil ghatt lakadachya vankshetravar gharatyachya sarasari dainandin yash darr 95.3% hota. tyach abhyasat 6 varshanchya vyavasthapit kapasachya lakadamadhye ("populus" spp) gharatyachya sarasari dainandin yash darr 92.6% aadhalala.) alabamamadhye lagwad. mishra mothya datanvar sarasari purvekadil tohee gharatyache yash ("pru. grandicenta) aanee compcompan espen (pii. tramuloids) heey pensylvaniatil vegvegalya vayogatatil stand 48.1% hote. dakshin carolinamadhye, 10 paiki fakt 1 gharati yashasvi jhaali aanee gharatyacha sarasari dainandin jaganyacha darr 62.9% hota. heey qamee moolya uchch patalichya shikaridvare spasht kele gele. mageel varshachya tulanet bakmanchya chimanichya ('emiophila festivalis') gharatyachya yashache praman qamee asalyamule, asey suchavale jaate qee purvekadil tohee gharatyachya yashache mojmap tulanene garib varshat kele gele asave.
gharatyanchya tulanet, praudh tohiche jaganyache praman jaast aahe. dakshin carolina abhyas kshetrat purvekadil tovijcha sarasari saptahik praudh jaganyacha darr 99.3% hota. haah darr redio-chinhankit purvekadil tovijpasoon prapt jhaala aanee donhi linganche ektrit astitva darshavitat aanee 2 dakshin carolina sites, lobloli aanee lamb paan asalelya pinechya tarun aanee paripakv standmadhun. 1962 teey 1967 darmyan, pensylvaniamadhye, purvela asalelya tovhichya prajanankshamateche varshik astitva, jeey punha ekada dhundit pakadale gelyane mojale gele, teey 58 takke hote. eka sahitya samikshanusar, purush aanee striya doghehi tyanchya gela varshat punarutpadakdrushtya paripakv hotat. purvekadil 12 varshanhun adhik junya tovy jangalat aadhalalya aahet.
pasantiche nivassthan.
purvekadil tovy samudraspatipasun teey unhalyat tenacy aanee uttar carolinachya simeparyant unch asatat. nyu hampshireparyantchya purvekadil tovijcha eka sahitya punaravalokan ahwal dete.
purvekadil tovy tyancha bahutansh vel jaminijaval ghalavatat. udaharanarth, vasant rutumadhye pensylvaniamadhye, jaminichya khalee purvekadil tovijchi nirikshane yadruchchik avkashiy vitaranachya aadhare apekshepeksha lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.05) jaast jhaali aanee vareel nirikshane apekshepeksha lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.05) qamee jhaali. louisianachya talagalatil jangalat purvekadil tohiche 62 takke nirikshan jaminichya aat hote aanee varr keval 4 takke nirikshan kele gele. vasant rutumadhye heey badalale, purvekadil tovichi olakh 70 takkyanvarun 65 takkyanparyant qamee jhaali aanee chhatratil (>) olakh 4 takkyanvarun 7 takkyanparyant vadhali.
purvekadil tovy heey unch ghas aanee daldalipasoon teey paripakv jangalaparyant anek adhivasanmadhye aadhaltat. tathapi, purvekadil jangalanmadhye suruvatichya anukramik sthananmadhye, adhivasanchya kathanmadhye aanee samaan vanaspati rachana asalelya bhagat purvekadil tovy sarvat samanya aahet.
bahutek samudayanmadhye purvekadil tohee heey tarun anukramik standmadhye adhik pramanat aadhaltat. anek abhyasanmadhye nantarchya-nantarchya sthalanchya tulanet suruvatichya anukramik sthalanvar purvekadil tauhichi vipulata vadhali asalyache aadhalun aale. pivala-poppler ("lyriodendron tulipiphera"), kalee cherry, laal maple, sakhar maple ("esser sackrum") aanee pandhari rakh ("fraxinus american") jee kapali gelee navhati, yasah itar upcharanchya tulanet, paschim vharjiniyatil 15 varshe junya clearcutmadhye purvekadil tovies (0.7 pakshi/50 meater trijya) aanee gharatyachya yashacha darr (58 takke) prajnan karanyachi sarasari sankhya jaast hotee. dakshinekadil misauri oka-hikri jangalat, purvekadil tovy saaf karnyapurvi kinwa kapaninantar jawalchya naan kapalelya jangalat upasthit navhate, parantu 3 varshanchya clearcutmadhye 9.3 pakshi/10 hectorchya sarasari ghanatevar aadhalale. madhya newyorkmadheel vegvegalya vayogatatil standchya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee purvekadil tohichi ghanata suruvatichya kramik standmadhye shikharavar hotee.
jaree purvekadil tovy samanyatah tarun anukramik sthalanna pradhanya dett asale, taree adhivas prakar aanee varshanmadhil farak disun aala aahe. crementz aanee powell yanna 1995 madhye tapastana lobloli aanee lamb pananchya pinechya tarun (2-6 varshe) standmadhye paripakv (32-98 varshe junya) standpeksha purvekadil tohichi sapeksh vipulata aadhalali. tathapi, 1996 chya tulanet standmadhye, donhi sitesveril purvekadil tohichya sapeksh vipulatechya 95 takke vishvasachya antaranmadhye lakshaniy pramanat parasparsambandh hota. purvekadil tauhi uttaradhikarala kitee pratisad dete, tyacha prabhav adhivasavar padato. udaharanarth, pensylvaniamadhye paripakv mishra-oka jungle aanee sumare 5 varshanpurvi spasht kelelya standmadhye purvekadil tohichya ghanatemadhye (sankhya/10 hector) lakshaniy farak hota. tathapi, 1 varshanchya mishra espenmadhye (populus tramuloids, pru. grandidenta ") clearcut, 5 varshancha espen clearcut aanee paripakv espen stand. purvekadil tauhichi vipulata vegvegalya adhivasanmadhye vegvegalya velee shikharavar asalyache disun aale aahe. udaharanarth, jaree madhya majboot lakadachya jangalanmadhye purvekadil tovy punarutpadak standmadhye sarvadhik mubalak pramanat hote, taree lobloli aanee shortlief pine jangalat teey khamb lakud aanee paripakv standmadhye sarvat samanya hote. yavyatirikt, bail aanee whitmore yanni assa nishkarsh kadhala qee prarambhik anukramik hii bahudha tohichya ishtatam adhivasache varnan karnyasathi eka vistrut sandnya aahe, kaaran lahan zadanchi uchch ghanata paschim virginiachya purvekadil panhandlemadheel purvekadil tohichya ghanateshi nakaratmakpane sambandhit hotee.
purvekadil tohee samanyatah suruvatichya kramik vanaspatinshi sambandhit vaishishtye asalelya thikananna pradhanya detat, jase qee qamee chhatra aavaran aanee daat understery. purvekadil tauhichi vipulata aanee atimahatvachya ghanatechya vividh mojmapanmadhil nakaratmak sambandh anek abhyasanmadhye aadhalale aahet. pensylvaniatil 6 adhivas prakaranmadhil purvekadil tovijchi sarasari ghanata lakshaniy hotee (pii <0.05) jee varchya majlyavaril zadanchya ghanateshi aanee varchya majlyavaril zadanchya moolbhut kshetrashi nakaratmakpane sambandhit hotee. paschim varjiniyachya kadak lakadachya jangalatil purvekadil tovijchi sankhya dekhil lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.05) ekoon takke chhatrachya aachchhadanashi ulat sambandh hotee. dakshin carolinatil lobloli pine jangalat, prati prayogik unit purvekadil tohee prajnan pradeshanchi sarasari sankhya lakshaniy (pii ≤ 0.008) madhyam-majali () pine ("pinus" spp) shhee nakaratmakpane parasparsambandhit hotee.) aanee panzadi aakarman.
anek abhyasanni purvekadil tauhichi vipulata aanee qamee ghanata yanchyatil sakaratmak sambandh darshavila aahe. dakshin carolinatil lobloli devdar jangalat, undustory () devdaranche praman lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.001) prati prayogik unit purvekadil tohee pradeshanchya sarasari sankhyeshi sakaratmakpane sambandhit hote. 6 adhivas prakaranvaril purvekadil tovichi sarasari ghanata lakshaniy (pii <0.05) lahan (2-5 phoot (0.5-1.5 mea)) zudupanchya ghanateshi sakaratmakpane sambandhit asalyache yahnerla aadhalale. purv-madhya floridamadhye slash pine ("pru. elioti) mertle oka (kyu) chey varchasva asalelya alpabhudharak sapat lakud. myrtifolia) aanee valoo jiwant oka (kyu. jeminata) aanee vikhuralelya kateri devdar aanee godiche pammeto (subble pammeto) asalelya zudupanchya thikani, purvekadil tohichi ghanata lakshaniyaritya (pii = 0.01) sarasari zudupachya unchishi nakaratmakpane sambandhit hotee.
purvekadil tohee kahee vanaspatinshi nigadit asoo shakatat aanee talhu shakatat. nevadamadhye, tovy tyanchya rufus rangashi rangashi fulanchya kwinsarkhya aachchhadit adhivasala pradhanya detat. aayovatil nadipatratil vanaspatinmadhye, purvekadil tauhichi ghanata lakshaniy (pii. ≤ 0.01) ekoon vanaspati aanee well prajatinchya samruddhishi sakaratmakpane sambandhit hotee aanee nakaratmakpane nishiddha aanee panzadi vruksh prajatinchya samruddhishi sambandhit hotee. paschim vharjiniyamadhye, purvekadil tovy heey blackberry (pii <0.02), black cherry (pii <0.002) aanee black tiddy (pii <0.14) yasarkhya koradya shidyanvar shidyanvar vanaspatinchya prajatinshi sambandhit hote. yaa thikani khulya chhatrya aanee zadanchi ghanata qamee asanyacha cull hota. purvekadil tohichi ghanata yaa abhyas kshetrachya olsar bhaganchya vanaspatinshi nakaratmakpane sambandhit hotee, jase qee kaala tupelo ("nyasa sylvatica", pii <0.006), laal maple (pii <0.001) aanee diane hazel (pii <0.03). madhya nyu jarsimadhye purvekadil tovy heey purvekadil redsader (juniperas virginiana) kinwa multiflora gulab (rosa multiflora) zudupanpeksha rakhadi dogwood (cornus resmosa) zudupanmadhye lakshaniyaritya (pii = 0.13) adhik mubalak pramanat hote.
gharatyanche adhivasah purvekadil tovy samanyatah jaminivar kinwa tyachya jawal gharate bandhatat. anek sahitya samikshanmadhye purvekadil tohichya gharatyanche varchasva khalee nondavale aahe. sanibel betavaril covebird parajivivadachya abhyasat, purvekadil serve 5 tohee gharati jaminichya aat hotya. sahitya samikshanmadhye nondavalyapramane uchch gharate. pensylvaniatil vegvegalya vayogatatil mishra espen standmadhye jaminipasoon unch asalelya gharatyanna lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.001) qamee gharatyache yash midale. purvekadil 13 ayashasvi tohee gharatyanpaiki 11 gharate jaminichya varchya bhagapeksha mothee hotee.
paschim vharjiniyamadhye, yashasvi aanee ayashasvi gharatyanchya aaspaschya adhivasamadhye konatehi lakshaniy (pii> 0.05) farak navhate. mothya galatee (stanachya unchivar 9 inch vyasacha (22.9 seen. mea.)) gharatyachya yashavar parinam jhaala nahee. pensylvaniatil summ-vay mishra-espen standmadhye gharatyachya yashavar (pii> 0.05) lakshaniy parinam jhaala nahee.
purvekadil tovy draksh aanee blueberry ("vaccinium" spp) yasah vividh prajatinmadhye gharate bandhatat.). dakshin carolina lobloli aanee lamb pananchya devdarchya jangalanmadhye aadhalanari bahutansh gharati aanee clearcuts draksh, zadachya sparkleberrymadhye ("v. arborium), aanee oka (quercus ess. pii. pii.).). paschim vharjiniyatil oka-hikarichya thikani, purvekadil 41 tovhichya gharatyanpaiki 27 takke drakshanmadhye, tarr 17 takke blackberrymadhye (rubus ess. pii. pii.) aadhalale.), greenbreermadhye 12 takke (smilex ess. pii. pii.).), aanee 12 takke parvatiy-laurelmadhye ("kalamiya latifolia"). virginia well ('parthenosisus quinquifolia'), masalyache zaad ('lindera benzoin') aanee azalia ('rhododendron' spp) madhye dekhil gharate padali.). pensylvaniatil ujavya bajoone asalelya veej taramadhye, elgheni blackberry, whitch-hazel ("hammelis virginiana"), blueberry ("vaccinium" spp) madhye 6 purvekadil tohee gharate aadhalali.), pandhara oka ("kyu. alba), purvekadil korafadi furn (denstedia panctilobula) aanee sweetfurn (comptonia peregrina) ektritpane aanee jaminichya patalivar. sahitya samikshannusar, jaminivar asalelya purvekadil tohichya gharatyanmadhye koradya bhagat kachara asato aanee samanyatah gavat, kande, qamee zudape kinwa lahan zadanchya payathyashi aadhaltat.
charyache adhivasah purvekadil tovijdware charyachya adhivasanchi nivad massatusates aanee nyu jarsimadhye tapasali gelee aahe. aagney massatucets osad pichchmadhye piktana, purvekadil tovies pitch pine, bayer oka (kyu. ilisipholiya) aanee itar panzadi zaade, pramukhyane oka. ericasius prajati talhalya gelya. vapar upalabdhata peksha lakshaniyaritya vegala (pii <0.001) aahe. 2 nyu jarsichya thikani, purvekadil tohichya charyala pradhanya prajnan hangamat badalale. okche varchasva asalelya thikani, pramukhyane kaala oka ("kyu". velutina), purvekadil tovy meey mahinyat okcha vapar karat asat, jeey tyanchya ghanatemule apekshit hote. tathapi, juuna aanee julaimadhye, okmadhye sapeksh sandhipad jaivbhar qamee jhalyamule, okcha vapar apekshepeksha qamee hota. devdar-varchasva asalelya maidanavar, oka (pramukhyane bayer oka aanee blackjack oka) chaa vapar. marylandica) meey mahinyat apekshepeksha jaast hotee, parantu juuna aanee julaimadhil upalabdhatechya pramanat hotee. khajur aanee okcha vapar yanchyatil heey nakaratmak parasparsambandh donhi sthalansathi mahattvapoorn hote (pii <0.025). oka-varchasva asalelya jaagecha vapar dekhil unhalyat lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaala (pii <0.05).
avkashiy kshetrache parinamah purvekadil tovy anek bhagat kinarpattichya adhivasanna pradhanya detat. udaharanarth, uttar floridatil takkal takkal purvekadil tavhinchi sarasari vipulata 18 hotee, tarr purvekadil tavhya toldsipers jangalat kinwa clearcutmadhye aadhalalya naheet. takkal padadyachya aanee 13 varshanchya rovalelya slash pine standchya aantarprushthavar, purvekadil tovichi sarasari vipulata 22 prajnan pakshi hotee, tarr rovalelya slash pine standmadhye sarasari vipulata 15 prajnan pakshi hotee. purvekadil tenesimadhil vijechya reshechya ujavya bajuchya kathapasoon aanee oka-hikri jangalapasoonchya antaranusar purvekadil tovichi ghanata qamee hott asalyache aadhalun aale. kathavar, purvekadil tovy fakt 10 jodya/40 hectorchya ghanatevar aale, tarr kathavarun purvekadil tovichi ghanata 1 jode/40 hectorparyant khalee aalee hotee. yavyatirikt, prayogikdrushtya prayogikdrushtya oka, uttar laal oka ("kyu") neey banalelya pensylvanian jangalanmadhye. rubra), chestnut oka (kyu. princes), scarlett oka (kyu. kokiniya), laal maple, kampakoopan, mothe daat, aanee pitch pine, narr tovy heey jyaa bhagat clearcutschee avkashiy vyavastha sarvat jaast khadatar hotee tyaa bhagat apekshepeksha jaast vela (pii <0.05) aadhalale.
anek abhyasanni purvekadil tovijvar adhivasatil pattyanchya aakarachya parinamache nirakaran kele aahe. nyu jarsimadhil mishra-oka jangalat, purvekadil tovichi varanvarta samanyatah patchya aakaranusar vadhali, jaree purvekadil tovy 0.02-acre (0.01 hector) bhukhand vagalata serve bhukhandanchya aakarat () aadhalalya. dakshin carolinatil eka thikani, purvela tohichi varanvarta vadhali kaaran kliyarkatcha aakar 21 ekaranvarun sumare 32 ekaranvar (8.5-12.8 hector) gela. gela eka thikani purvekadil tauhichi varanvarta qamee jhaali kaaran kliyarkatcha aakar vadhala. purvekadil toviche prajnan aayovatil fakt tyaa nadipatratil vanaspatinchya pattyanmadhye jhaale jeey kiman rund hote. dakshin aanee purv pensylvaniamadhye purvekadil tohee gharatyache yash haloohaloo kadaa asalelya aanee "vanyajeev adhivas ughadane" aanee oka-hikri jungle yanchyatil adhik bhinn kadaa asalelya sthalanvar lakshaniyaritya (pii. 0.10) bhinn navhate.
khanyapinyachya savayi.
purvekadil tovy pramukhyane jaminivar khatat, jaree teey vanaspatinmadhunahi gola karatat. aagney massatucets eka eka devdar, naranche 73.5% aanee maadee charyache 80.4% nirikshan jaminivar hote. purvekadil tovy jaminivar ghasatana khajanyache tantra vapara, jyamadhye donhi paay ekach velee mage laath maratat. prayogshaletil abhyasat purvekadil 4 tovies yanni jawaljawal kholvar dadalele biyane yashasviritya midvanyasathi hii paddhat vaparali. jaminichya varr chaara ghalavatana bahutek vel paaney kapanyat jaato. massatusetsmadhye, purushanche 22.5% aanee mahilanche 16.3% charyache nirikshan heey panatoon ann gola kele jaat asalyache hote. purvekadil tovy dekhil fandya, fandya aanee sutitoon kaptana pahilya gelya. kapani kartana, purvekadil tovies lakshaniyaritya (pii <0.01) durchya aanee jawalchya bhagancha samaan vapar karnyachya tulanet zadachya fandyanchya durchya ardhya bhagavar adhik vela aadhaltat. 0. 0 takke purush aanee 0.3 takke mahila charyachya nirikshananmadhye purvekadil tovy tarangale. purvekadil tovy kadhihi havetoon ann ghetana disale naheet.
purvekadil tovy vividh prakarchya vanaspati aanee pranyanche padarth khatat. sahitya samikshanmadhye, purvekadil tovy biyane aanee fale, anek aksheruki prani aanee kadhikadhi lahan ubhaychar, saap aanee sarade khatat asey nondavale gele aahe. purvela asalelya tovies feedersver chaara khaat asalyache punravlokananmadhye nondavale aahe. punaravalokananvarun asey disun yete qee prajnan hangamat aaharat pranyanche praman jaast asate. sharad rututil aanee hivalyat, vanaspatincha aaharat anukrame 79 takke aanee 85 takke vaataa asato. vasant rutumadhye heey 53 takke aanee unhalyat 43 takkyanparyant khalee yete. bhring (collioptera), tide aanee zendu (orthoptera), mungya, tantu aanee madhmasha (hymenoptera) aanee patang aanee survant (lepidoptera) yasarkhe keetak heey samanya shikar padarth aahet. purvekadil tohee heey kolee (arani), millipid (diplopoda), centipid (chilopoda) aanee gogalgay (gastropoda) yasarkhe itar aprushthavanshi prani qamee pramanat khatat. purvekadil tohichya aaharat kiman 5 takke asalelya vanaspatinmadhye ragweed ('embrosia' spp) samavisht aahe.), oka, smartweed ("bahubhuj" spp.), aanee ishanyekadil makaa (zia meey) aanee blackberry, oka, panicgrass (panicum ess. pii. pii.).), ragweed aanee menn-mertle (morela serifera) aagneyela.
shikari.
sarpatanare prani, sastan prani aanee pakshyansah anek prani purvekadil tovy aanee tyanchi undy shikar karatat. sahitya punaravalokanat anek ahavalancha saransh deela jaato, jeey darshavtat qee shikari heey gharate nikami honyache pramukh kaaran aahe. newyorkchya abhyasat gharatyachya shikaricha sarvadhik darr 88 takke nondavala gela. jeey sastan prani bahudha gharatyache shikari aahet, tyamadhye uttar racoons ("proseon lotter"), gharguti manjari ("felis catus") aanee purvekadil chipmunks ("tamiyas styritus") yancha samavesh hoto. bail snakes ('pituophis catainifer'), undeer saap ('elafe' spp.) aanee garter saap (thamnophis ess. pii. pii.).) purvekadil tohichi undy khallyachi nond jhaali aahe. visels ("mustela" spp.) aanee nile jeey ('cyanositta christata') heey dekhil gharatyache shikari asanyachi shakyata aahe. uttarekadil goshock ('assipitor gentilis'), rund pankhe ('beautio platypterus'), lahan shepatiche ('beautio braturus'), tikshna-shinded ('assipitor streets') aanee kooparche baaj ('assipitor kopare') yasah anek pakshi lahan aanee praudh donhi purvekadil tovicha shikar karnyasathi olakhale jaatat. itar shikari pranyanmadhye pratibandhit ('stracks varia'), lahan qaan ('aeshiya flamius') aanee purvekadil scrick-ghubade ('megascops aeshiya') aanee agadi loggerhead shrike ('lanius ludovicianus') yancha samavesh hoto, jeey tohipeksha kvachitach mothe asate. kiman kahee sastan prani praudh purvekadil tovy dekhil khatat. marylandmadhye, laal kolha ('vulps vulpace') chya potat purvekadil tohee aadhalala.
tapkiri dokyache gaay pakshi (molothrus etter) purvekadil tohichya gharatyanvar parjivi banatat. dakshin carolinatil junya shetat, purvekadil 19 paiki 5 tohichya gharatyanche parajivikaran jhaale hote. pratyek parjivi gharatyat 1 tapkiri dokyache gayiche andey hote. parajivikaran jhalelya gharatyanche sodoon denyache praman 20 takke hote, jeey parajivikaran naan jhalelya ghartyansarkhech hote (21 takke). tapkiri dokyachya pachpaiki done kav pakshi undy fling tayar karatat. parjivi aanee parjivi nasalelya gharatyanmadhye gharatyachya yashat farak aahe qee nahee heey abhyasatoon nishchit jhaale nahee. paschim vharjiniyamadhye, purvekadil 41 paiki keval 3 tohichya gharatyanche parajivikaran tapkiri dokyachya gayee pakshyane kele hote. parjivi nasalelya gharatyanmadhye lahan mulanchi sarasari sankhya 2.8 hotee, jee prati parjivi gharatyat sarasari 2.7 flanglingschya samaan hotee. pensylvania abhyas sthali, 36 paiki keval 2 gharati parjivi banalya hotya aanee doghannihi purvekadil tohichya fungals tayar kelya. sanibel betavaril gharatyachya parajivipanachya abhyasat, aadhalalelya 5 purvekadil tohee gharatyanpaiki ekahi parjivi navhate.

