
pellargonium × hortorum

pellargonium "×" hortorum, jyala samanyatah zonal geranium kinwa garden geranium mhanatat, hii "pellargonium" chee eka nasaleli prajati aahe jee samanyatah sajavatichi vanaspati mhanoon vaparali jaate. heey 'pellargonium zonale' aanee 'pellargonium inquinance' yanchyatil sankarit aahe. teey 'pellargonium' sanvardhanacha samooh aahet, jyanchi paaney tapkiri valayakar kshetrane chinhankit keleli asatat aanee sahasa laal, gulabi kinwa pandhya rangachya ghatt fulanchya mothya golechya swarupat phule yetat. baag kendra aanee fulvalyanche heey sarvat samanya gereniums aahet, jeey khidakya aanee balkanisathi bhandimadhye vikale jaatat kinwa fulanchya talyanmadhye lavale jaatat.
vyutpatti.
hortorum' heey vishisht visheshan lattin 'horts' ('garden') chey anuvanshik roop aahe aanee mhanoon 'horticultural' shhee sambandhit aahe. heey naav american vanaspatishastradnya liberty hyde bellie yanni tayar kele hote, jeey 1914 madhye lihitat, "samanya geraniumche mothya sankhyene prakar, bhinnatepasun aanee bahudha pii. chya paar honyapasoon udbhavtat. zonal aanee pii. eka shatkahoon adhik kalapasoon kaljipurvak nivadi kartana 'inquinance' (aanee kadachit itar). 
vanaspatishastriy lattin shabd 'geranium' madhye farak karane mahatvache aahe, jyachi vyapti shatkanushatke vanaspatishastriy dnyananusar badalali aahe aanee french bhashetil 'geranium' chey sthanik naav jyacha vistar haushi aanee vyavsayik maalee anek shatkanchya vaparadvare paribhashit keela jaato.
yavyatirikt, phule aanee bagayatdarankadun samanyatah geranium mhanoon olakhalya jaananya bahutek vanaspati 'geranium' yaa jatishi sambandhit naheet (sadhya vanaspatishastradnyanni simankit kelyapramane) parantu 'pellargonium' jatishi sambandhit aahet. sadhya, bahutek bagayatdar, haushi kinwa vyavsayik, yanna purnapane changle maheet aahe qee balkani sajavanare geranium heey 'pellargonium' aahet parantu teey tyanna khoop pandityapurn vatanari sandnya vaparnyas nakhush aahet. hii sandnya purnapane samanya bhashecha bhag asalyache vatat nahee aanee tarihi tee vidvattapoorn mhanoon chinhankit aahe.
itihas.
pellargonium kshetriy gatache purvaj dakshin aafriketil jangali pelargoniumchya done prajati aahet jyanna "geranium africanum" mhanatat. pudhil shatkat, carl liniusne tyanna geranium zonal aanee geranium inquinance (plantrum 7,1735 yaa prajatinmadhye) asey dwipadi naav dile, tyanantar varsane tyanche pellargonium vanshat punarvargikaran kele. parantu heey naav keval 19 vya shatkat mothya pramanavar sweekarle jaeel aanee darmyanchya kalat yaa prajatinche prakar aanee bagayati sankarit vanaspati bagayat karnaanyaanmadhye mothe yash midavale, tyanni tyanna 'geranium' mhananyachi savay thewali, hii sandnya spashtapane sandarbhanusar hotee.
aata pellargonium zonal mhanoon olakhalya jaananya vibhagiy gatacha pahila purvaj 1689 madhye western cape prantat gola karnyat aala aanee europela pathvanyat aala aanee dutch vanaspatishastradnya 9 zaan comiligion (1629-1692) yanni tyache varnan kele. tyanantar tyachya lagvadiche ansh englandmadhil duchess auph beaufortchya baganmadhye aadhaltat, joou videshi phulambaddal utkat asalela eka kuleen hota, jyane paradeshatoon khalashi parat aanalelya biyane lagvadisathi anek malina niyukt kele hote. 1699 madhye tine tichya vanaspatinchya sankalanachi eka soochi tayar kelee, jee tine pudhchya varshi kalakaranni chitrit kelee hotee. yaa chitranmadhye aata pellargonium zonal mhatale jaate, jyanchi achook olakh vanaspatishastradnya johnn reey yanni kelee hotee.
18 vya shatkachya uttaradhatach done ullekhaneey german prayogkar curt polycarp joachim sprengle (1750-1816) yanchya karyadvare sankarikaran aanee pushp jivashastracha paya sthapit honyas suruvat jhaali. pahilya aanee dusya pidhitil sankarit midvanyachya tantrache prathamach varnan kele aahe. 1793 madhye, sprengelne sthapit kele qee bahutek hermaphroditic phule tyanchya swatachya paragadvare falit kelee jaau shakat naheet kaaran tyanche punarutpadak avyav ekach velee paripakv hott naheet (jareniyesichya babatit aahe tase). aanee paragjantu andyat pudhe jaananya parag nalika utsarjit karoon utsarjit hotat heey siddha karnyasathi, 1830 madhye italian sukshmadarshak geovanni battista amisi yanchya achook nirikshanachi aamhala pratiksha karavi lagali.
aata pellargonium inquinance mhanoon olakhalya jaananya vibhagiy gatachya dusya purvajanchya sanskratiche pahile khuna duchessmadhye nahee tarr eka bishapmadhye aadhaltat, jyala paradeshatoon yenanya vanaspatimbaddal dekhil utkatata aahe. londonche bishop heinry compton heey fulham palacechya bagetil vanaspatishastriy sangrah hote. 1713 madhye, jevha tyacha mrutyu jhaala, tevha tyachya sangrahat pellargonium inquinance sapadale. 1732 madheel pahile chitran british vanaspatishastradnya james sherard yanchya baget vadhana vanaspativarun kele gele.
lokpriyata.
paramparikpane, doctoranna aushadhi vanaspatinmadhye rus hota, parantu dow. johnn fothergill (1712-1780), naveen vanaspatincha eka mahan sangrahak, "vaidnyanik manasathi utsuk", too mhanato, dnyanachya yugatil vaishishtyapurn naisargik vastoo jaanun ghenyachya yaa lobhane gola jhaala. tyachya nashibamule tyala esexmadhye vanaspati udyan rakhanyasathi sumare pandhra maalee aanee tyachya vanaspatinna rangvinyasathi teen teey chaar kalakaranna kamavar thevanyas madat jhaali. 1780 madhye jevha tyacha mrutyu jhaala, tevha tyachya vanaspatinchya yadimadhye eka fodargilche geranium aahe, jyache varnan nantar fulancha aanee kshetrafalachya panancha eka motha gola asalyache kele gele aanee too pahilya pellargonium vibhagiy gatanpaiki eka manla gela. 19vya shatkachya madhyaparyant, englandchi najuk ranganche kshetra lavalele prakar lavnyavar maktedari hotee. shatkachya suruvatila, kshetriy gatamadhye kahee sankarikaran kele gele, joparyant maheet aahe, kaaran bagayatshastradnyanni vegvegalya vanaspatinsathi samaan mulyavargacha punha vapar keela aanee tyanchya praptiche natesambandh soochit kele naheet. 
geraniumchya kshetramadhye sarvat mahattvachya sudharana 19vya shatkachya akherisach spasht jhalya. france aanee englandmadhil vividh prakaranchya devanghevanimule ingraji vahinichya donhi bajunchya sangrahanna samruddha karane shakya jhaale. ingraji jaatinna tyanchya drudhatesathi, french jaatinna tyanchya fulanchya saundaryasathi mahatva dile gele. jamindar aanee sthanik ullekhaneey lokanna durmil aanee videshi prajatinchi aavad hotee. pramukh pradarshananmadhye, jethe shetkari tyanchi navintam nirmiti sadar karatat, tethe utkrusht lagvaditil pikanna suvarnapadake pradan karnyasathi spardha aayojit kelya jaatat. vadhanyasathi sarvat sopya aanee sarvat fulanchya vanaspatinpaiki eka asalelya geraniumchya vedat heey serve ghatak yogdan detat. englandmadhye disana pelargoniumchya naveen jaatee tayar karanyachi aavad 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat sampoorn europemadhye vikasit jhaali.
varnan.
teey sthool aanee mothe asatat. phule eka kinwa duppat asoo shakatat aanee tyanchya madhyabhagi niyamitpane paach pakalya asatat. paaney anekada sugandhi asatat. phule laal, gulabi, lalsar aanee pandhya rangansah anek ranganmadhye yetat. alikadech, naringi aanee pivalya rangachya sanvargachi lagwad vikasit karnyat aalee aahe. fulanchi vaadh varchya pananchya kakhapasoon suru honanya lamb kadak pedankaldware kelee jaate, jenekarun fulanche doke parnasamuhavar spashtapane ubhe raheel. 
atharavya shatkachya uttaradhapasun anek sanvardhit jaatee pikavalya jaat aahet. khoop duheri phule aanee anther nasalelya sanvardhanas gulabbud pellargonium mhanatat kaaran phule kadhihi purnapane ughadat naheet aanee mhanoon gulabasarkhi disatat. golakar aakarachi paaney (7 seen. mea. vyas) aanee tyanchi pankhanchi shing aanee pananchi shishi asate. blade gadad valayakar kshetrane jhakalele asate, jeey vividhatenusar qamee-adhik pramanat disate. kshetrafalachya gereniums hii khoop fulanchi zaade aahet, panyachi magani farshi nasate. vasant rutupasoon sharad rutuchya shevatchya divasanparyant konatyahi adthalyashivay phule yetat.
lagwad.
upalabdhatemadhye nehamichya 'biyane vadhavalelya' aanee 'kapani vadhavalelya' prakarancha samavesh hoto, jyaa kapani aanee bajuchya fandya lavoon sahajpane gharee pasaravalya jaau shakatat. kapanivaril pattya kadhavya lagatat, kaaran tyaa anekada kujat asatat. mulanchi rundi 3 aathvadyanparyant changlya sthiteet suru rahate. alikade, biyanyanpasun prasar karata yenyajogya jaatee aahet. valukamay tharamadhye perali jaanari tee sahajpane 16-18 sase. tapmanat ankurate. yu madhye kshetriy gereniums vadhatat.ess. krishi vibhag kathorata kshetra 9 teey 12. vibhagiy gereniums heey mulat ushnakatibandhiy barmahi asatat aanee teey kshetra 7 sarkhya thund kshetranmadhye jaast hivalyat asatat.
phule vagalata sampoorn vanaspati eka vaishishtyapurn gandh dete. too khoop dirgh kaal (sampoorn unhalyat) baharato aanee matra, bharpur pramanat lagwad kelelya bahutek jatinmadhye biyane tayar hott nahee. varshabharat, too sumare 25-30 centimeter vadhato. hii eka dirghkal tikanari vanaspati aahe, tathapi, june namune avyavasthit hotat, kaaran teey pananchya talashi charbiyukt asatat aanee qamee changle baharatat.
heey eka sajavatichi vanaspati mhanoon, pramukhyane sadanikanmadhye aanee balkani, khidkyanchya khidakya aanee vharandyanvaril vividh prakarchya containermadhye eka kumbhar vanaspati mhanoon ghetale jaate. yaa vanaspatiche fayade mhanje lamb baharnari phule aanee sajavatichi paaney. alikade, itar vanaspatinchya prajatinsah rachnet, teey kadhikadhi bedd vanaspati mhanoon dekhil ghetale jaate. ropala prakhar prakash aanee kahee thet suryaprakashachi aavashyakta asate. teey korade vatavaran aanee bharpur jaaga pasant karate. tyachi favarani karoo naye, kaaran tyamule mule sadaleli asatat. piit maatee kinwa chikanmati haah sarvottam thurr aahe. unhalyat apartmentmadhye nangarlele kholiche tapman changle sahan karate, hivalyat teey 16°seey peksha jaast tapman nasalelya thund kholeet nene changle. unhalyat, gharachya aatalya ropala aathvadyatun 2-3 vela paanee dile pahije, tarr shetat purn unhat vadhana gereniumsla darroj, sakali kinwa sandhyakali paanee dile pahije.