
20vya shatkatil khrishchan dharm

19vya shatkat suru jhalelya pashchimatya samajachya vegwan dharmnirpekshatemule aanee jagatil pashchimatya nasalelya pradeshanmadhye khristi dharmacha prasar jhalyamule 20vya shatkatil khrishchan dharmache vaishishtya hote.
1910 madhye edinberg missionary parishadepasun suruvat houn khrishchan acuminismche mahatva vadhale aanee catholic charchchya dusya vatican parishadenantar, dharmik chalval catholic aanee protestant khrishchan yaa donhimadhye, visheshtah ingrajimadhye, mahattvapoorn jhaali.
tyach velee, samyavadi purv europe aanee soviet unionmadhye rajya-pravartit nastiktemule anek purv rudhivadi aanee itar khrishchananvar atyachar jhaale. anek rudhivadi lock paschim europe aanee americet aale, jyamule paschim aanee purv khrishchan yanchyatil sampark mothya pramanat vadhala. tarisuddha, charchchi upasthiti purvepeksha paschim europemadhye jaast qamee jhaali.
roman catholic charchane aadhunikikaranasathi anek sudharana suru kelya. catholic aanee protestant dharmpracharkannihi purv aashiyat pravesh keela, jyamule koria, mukhya bhoomi chean, taiwan aanee japanmadhye tyanchi upasthiti aanee kriyakalap vadhale.
hukumshahi antargat bhoomika.
soviet union antargat russian rudhivadi.
18 vya shatkapasoon, russian orthodox church heey zaarne niyukt kelelya bishop aanee samanya nokarshahanchya sarvat pavitra dharmasabhadvare chalavale jaat hote. russian yadavi yuddhanantar 1917 madhye swatantra pitrusattak sansthechi sankshipt punarrachana jhaali. aktoobar krantinantar russian orthodox charchane yadavi yuddhat pandhya sainyashi sahkarya kele. yamule charchviruddha bolshevik dvesh aanakhi majboot jhaala asava. vladimir lenin yanchya matey, samyavadi shasson dharmachya muddyavar tatasth rahoo shakat nahee, parantu tyaviruddha karvai kelee pahije. vargaheen samajat dharm nasel assa yuktivad tyanni keela. punarsthapana jhalyanantar kahee varshannich anek padri aanee vishvasoo lokanna turungat takane kinwa thaar marane, leninne church radd kele. padrincha kahee bhag paradeshat paloon jaaun soviet chhalatun sutala, jithe tyanni nirvasit avasthet swatantra charchchi sthapana kelee.
aktoobar krantinantar, soviet unionmadhye communist rajvatikhali jagatil serve lokanna ekatra aananyasathi chalval suru jhaali. yamadhye purvekadil gut tasech balkan rajyancha samavesh hota. yapaiki kahee gulam rajyanni tyancha vanshik varsa tyanchya vanshik charchashi jodala asalyane, lock aanee tyanche church donhi jethe sovietne lakshya kele hote. nastiktevar teeka karnyas sakt manai hotee aanee kahivela turungvasahi hoto.
dharmache uchchatan heey vaicharik uddisht asalele soviet union heey pahile rajya hote. tyaa dishene, samyavadi rajvatine charchchi malmatta japt kelee, dharmachi khilli udavali, shraddhavanancha chhal keela aanee shalanmadhye nastikatecha prachar keela. tathapi, vishisht dharmanpratichya krutee rajyachya hitsambandhanvar avalambun tharvalya jaat hotya aanee bahutek sanghatit dharmanvar kadhihi bandee ghalanyat aalee navhati.
rudhivadi pujari aanee shraddhalunviruddhachya kahee krutinmadhye fashibarobarach turungatil shibire, kamgar shibire kinwa mansik rugnalayanmadhye chhal pathvane samavisht hote.
yaa rajya nastikatecha parinam mhanje churchche chhal jhalelya aanee shaheed charchmadhye rupantar karane. bolshevik krantinantarchya pahilya paach varshant, 28 bishop aanee 1,200 pujanyanna fashi denyat aalee. yaat grand duchess elizabeth fyodorovna yanchyasarkhya lokancha samavesh hota, jee eka mathvasi hotee. tichya hatyesah grand duke sergei mikhailovich romanov; rajkumar eoin constantinovich, constantin constantinovich, igor constantinovich aanee vladimir pavlovich paale; grand duke sargeiche sachiv, fyodora remez; aanee grand duchess elizabeth conventchi baheen varavara yakovleva yancha samavesh hota. tyanna jangalat damboon, eka sodoon dilelya mineshaftmadhye dhakalanyat aale aanee tyanantar mineshaftmadhye grenade fekanyat aale. tiche avashesh jerusalemmadhe, maria magdaleenchya charchmadhye daphan karnyat aale.
tisya reechchya antargat catholic aanee protestant.
nazivad aanee protestantvad, visheshtah german lutheran church yanchyatil sambandh guntaguntiche hote. germanytil bahusankhya protestant church netyanni nazinchya vadhatya jyoovirodhi karvayanna pathimba deela asala taree, dietreach bonhofer (eka lutheran padri) yansarkhya kahinni nazinna tivra virodh keela. nantar bonhoferla hitlerchya hatyechya katat doshi tharvanyat aale aanee tyala fashi denyat aalee.
1937 saalee bhavee pope payas sahava yane tayar kelelya 'miit brenander sorge' yaa vishvakoshat payas sahava yane kaithalikanna ishara deela qee yahudivirodhi haah khristi dharmashi visangat aahe. serve german catholic charchchya charchmadhun vachalya gelelya yaa pustakat hitlerche varnan veda aanee ahankari sandeshta asey kele gele aahe aanee konatyahi mothya sanghatnene najivadacha kelela haah pahila adhikrut nishedh hota. germanytil churchvaril nazi chhal nantar "sampoorn dadapshahi" neey suru jhaala aanee "samalaingikatesathi bhikshunvar jastit jaast prasiddhisaha khatala chalavala". netherlandsmadhil jyoo lokanchya haddapar honyachya virodhat dutch bishapanni nishedh keela tevha nazinni aanakhi kathor upayayojanansah pratisad deela.
austriyamadhye rashtriy samajvadala tivra catholic pratikar hota. udaharanarth, teey "osterichishe freehetsbewegang", "antifashistische freehetsbaggeng osterics" kinwa "grobosterrichishe freehetsbaggeng" hote, parantu carl burianchya sabhovatalacha gut dekhil hota, jyane viennamadhil gestapo mukhyalay udavanyachi yojana dekhil aakhali hotee. purohit heinrich meyarchya bhovati asalela pratikar gut haah utkrusht aahe. yaa catholic pratikar gatane vhee-2 rockett, vyaghra takya aanee vimanansathichya yojana aanee utpadan sthale mitrapakshanna atishay yashasviritya dilee. kiman 1943 chya uttaradhapasun, yaa prasarananni mitrapakshanna german utpadan prakalpanchya achook sthal yojanambaddal mahitee dilee. utpadan suvidhanchya sthan rekhachitransaha, sanlagn bombfecki vimananna achook havai halle denyat aale. itar anek german pratikar gatanchya ulat, meyer gatane aushvitzjavalachya semperit karkhanyashi sampark sadhun jyoo lokanchya samoohik hatyebaddal khoop lavkar mahitee dilee. herman cagarer, johann gruber, andreus risar, mathius spanlang, konrad just aanee johann steinbock yasarkhe asankhya austriyan pujari nazi vyavasthechya virodhamadhye sakriy hote. ekoon, austriyan pratikar ladhvayye mhanoon, nazi rajvatit 706 pujari, chhalchhavyanmadhye 128 aanee chhalchhavanit 20 teey 90 jananna fashi denyat aalee kinwa tyanchi hatya karnyat aalee.
navparamparagatata hii protestant vicharanchi eka shakha aahe jee 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila germanytil tisya reechcha uday aanee dusya mahayuddhachya aadhichya aanee darmyanchya varshant europechya rajkiy aanee dharmik asthiratechya sandarbhat udayas aalee. navparamparagatatechya atyant sandarbhatmak, dvandvatmak yuktivad aanee tarkpaddhatinni anekada american vicharvant aanee padrinna tyacha mukhya parisar samajanyajoga keela aanee too ektar avastav mhanoon varanvar hatabaher fekala gela kinwa devshastrachya sattadhari davya kinwa ujavya vicharsaranichya sachanmadhye taknyat aala. carl barth, eka swis sudharle gelele padri aanee pradhyapak, yanni soren kirkegard aanee franz overbake yanni kelelya prasthapit (mukhytah aadhuniktavadi) protestant vicharanvar purvi kelelya teeka karoon hii chalval astitvat aanali. bonhofer yaa vichardhareche palan kareet hota; tyache abhijat 'shishyatvachi kimmat' heey bahudha navparamparagat tattvadnyanache sarvat prasiddha aanee sulabh vidhan aahe.
polandmadhye nazinni 2,500 hoon adhik bhikshu aanee pujanyanchi hatya kelee, tarr tyahoon adhik lokanna chhalchhavyanmadhye pathvanyat aale. dachau chhalchhavanit prester-block (padri barreck) madhye 2,600 roman catholic padrinchi yadee aahe. joseph stallinne jawaljawal tyach velee aanakhi gambhir chhal keela.
dusya mahayuddhanantar david kartzarsarkhya itihaskaranni churchwar shatkanushatke yahudivirodhi vruttila protsahan denyacha aarop keela aanee pope payas sahava yanchyavar nazi atyachar rokhanyasathi purese prayatna naan kelyacha aarop keela. golda miir, albert einstein, moshe shert aanee rabbi isaq herzog yanchyasah jyoo samajatil pramukh sadasyanni tikancha virodh keela aanee jyoo lokanche sanrakshn karnyasathi payaschya prayatnambaddal, tarr rabbi david jee yanchyasarkhya itarambaddal khoop bolale. charchane "lakho" jyoo lokanna vachavale hote, asey dalinne namood kele.
yaa vishayavar itihaskar derek holmsney lihile, "yaat kahee shanka nahee qee catholic jilhyanni, rashtriy samajvadachya nazivadachya mohala protestant jilhyanpeksha khoop changla pratikar keela."pope payas solava yane ghoshit kele-" "meet brenander sorge" "-qee facist sarkaranni" "murtipujak hetu" "lapavale hote aanee catholic sthitee aanee adhinayakvadi facist rajya upasanechi aparivartaniyata vyakt kelee, jyane rashtrala dev aanee moolbhut manavadhikar aanee pratishthepeksha varr thewale". aadhyatmikdrushtya, [khrishchan] serve ardhang aahet" yaa tyachya ghoshanene nazinna tyala "khrishchan jagache pramukh rabbi" hii padvi denyas pravrutt kele.
holocostchya kalat jyoo lokanna aashray denyat anek catholic samanya lock aanee padrinni ullekhaneey bhoomika bajavali. romche pramukh rabbi 1945 madhye catholic banale aanee jyoo lokanche pran vachavanyasathi popane kelelya krutinchya sanmanarth rabbine eugenio (popache pahile naav) heey naav ghetale. italitil eka majee israyali vanijyadutane dawa kelah "itar serve church, dharmik sanstha aanee bachav sanghatananni ektrit kelelya tulanet catholic charchane yuddhadarmyan adhik jyoo lokanche pran vachavale."
dharmnirpekshatecha prasar.
europemadhye dharmik aacharan aanee khrishchan shikavaninvaril vishvas aanee dharmnirpekshatechya dishene eka samanya paul uchalale gele aahe. dnyanacha kaal aanee tyanantarchya varshanna shrey dilele 'samajache dharmnirpekshata' heey dharmnirpekshatechya prasarasathi mothya pramanat jababdar aahe. udaharanarth, gallup aantarrashtriy sahasrabdi sarvekshanat asey disun aale aahe qee keval eka shashthansh europeey lock niyamit dharmik sevanmadhye upasthit rahatat, nimmyahoon qamee lokanni dewala "uchch mahatva" dile aanee keval 40 takke lock "vaiyaktik devavar" vishvas thevatat. taridekhil, bahusankhya lock teey eka dharmik panthache aahet asey manatat. europeche 'dii-christionization' haloohaloo viruddha dishene sarkayala suruvat jhaali aahe, asey aakade darshavtat. anglican charchchya kahee bhaganmadhye, tasech khandatil protestantvadachya bhaganmadhye nutanikaran heey europechya dharmnirpekshatechya yaa prarambhik ultyakade pushti karate, jyaa khandat khrishchan dharmane moolatah tyachi sarvat majboot mule ghetali aanee jaagtik vistar keela.
uttar america, dakshin america aanee austreliya yaa itar teen khandanmadhye, jethe khristi dharm haah pramukh dharm aahe, tethe europechya tulanet dharmik aacharan khoop jaast aahe.
european vasahatikaranapasun aitihasikdrushtya catholic asalelya dakshin americene 20 vya shatkat paradeshatoon yenanya khrishchan dharmpracharkanchya oghasah mothya pramanat evangelical aanee pentecostal otanyacha anubhav ghetala aahe. udaharanarth, dakshin amerikecha sarvat motha desh brazil haah jagatil sarvat motha catholic desh aahe aanee jagatil sarvat motha dharmpracharak desh aahe (loksankhyechya aadhare). jagatil kahee sarvat mothya khrishchan mandalya brazilmadhye aadhaltat.
roman catholic church.
bharat aanee chean.
1939 madhye pope payas sahava yane, tyachya rajyabhishekachya kahee aathvadyanchya aat, 250 varshe june vatican dhoran aamulagra parat kele aanee mrut kutumbatil sadasyanchya poojela parvanagi dilee. vees naveen mukhya-dharmopadeshak, ekonatis dharmopadeshak aanee athatis apostolic prefects church punha bharbharatila yeu lagale, parantu 1949 paryant, jevha communist krantine desh tabyat ghetala.
phillipines.
3 august 1902 roji, phillippines-american yuddhanantar, lekhak-karyakarte-rajkarani isabello dii losses reyes yanchya netrutvakhalil phillipineschya itihasatil pahile kamgar sangh 'union obrera demokratika philipina' chya sadasyanni, phillipineschya swatantra charchchi ghoshana kelee. phillipine kranti aanee phillipine-american yuddh yaa donhi kalat krantikari karyat sahbhagi asalyamule pope lio solavya yanchya spasht parvangivarun 1899 madhye philipinesmadhil catholic charchane bahishkrut kelele majee roman catholic pujari gregorio eglipe heey tyache pahile niyukt pramukh hote. 1899 madhye philipineschya padrinchya paristhiticha vichar karnyat pavitra darshanala vinanti karnyasathi, tyanantar spenla gelelya preshit nuncio, juicep francica-navah dii bontife yanchyashi jhalelya charchenantar dii losses reyasne charchchya sthapanela chalana dilee. phillipineschya padrinvar tyaveli spanish dharmgurunche rajya hote aanee dii losses reyes aanee aglipe yanna tyanchya jaagi sthanik philipino padryanna niyukt karayache hote. naveen charchane bahutek roman catholic parampara kayam thevalya, apavad mhanoon too tyacha episcopal adhikar romchya bishapchya adheen karat nahee. philipine swatantra charchchya sthapanenantar lagechach, anukrame december 1902 aanee 1903 chya suruvatila, union obrera demokratika philipina aanee dii losses reyesachya sadasyannahi bahishkrut karnyat aale.
dusari vatican parishad.
dusya vatican parishadechi eka pramukh ghatana, jyala vatican II mhanoon olakhale jaate, tee pope paul vhee aanee kulguru ethanagorus yanni pashchimatya aanee purvekadil charchmadhil mothya matbhedanna karanibhoot tharalelya mageel anek krutimbaddal sanyuktapane khed vyakt karanyachi eka ghatana jaaree kelee, jee 1965 chee catholic-orthodox sanyukt ghoshana mhanoon vyakt kelee gelee. tyach velee, tyanni 11 vya shatkatil paraspar bahishkar uthavale.
pope johnn xxiii chya netrutvakhali vatican I chaa pathpurava mhanoon parishad aadhunikikaran engine mhanoon vikasit jhaali. charchchi aitihasik shikavan aadhunik jagasamor spasht karnyache aanee churchche swaroop, samanya lokanche dhyey aanee dharmik swatantrya yasah vishayanvar ghoshana karnyache kaam tyachyavar sopavanyat aale hote. parishadene dharmik vidhinchya punaravruttila manjuri dilee aanee lattin dharmik vidhinna samoohik aanee itar sanskarandarmyan sthanik bhasha tasech lattin vaparanyachi parvanagi dilee. khristi ekata sudharanyasathi charchane kelele prayatna heey pradhanya banale. protestant churchs kahee muddyanvar samaan aadhar shodhanyavyatirikt, catholic charchane purvekadil orthodox charchashi ektechya shakyatevar charcha kelee aahe.
vatican dusra yane popchya pramukhatebaddal aanee achukatebaddal mea shikavalelya serve goshtincha punaruchchar keela, parantu tyat bishpavishayi mahattvapoorn mudde jodale gele. bishop, asey mhanatat qee, teey "roman mathadhishanche wicker" naheet. tyaeivaji, tyanchya sthanik churchwar rajya kartana teey "khristache wicker aanee varas" aahet. ektritpane, teey eka sanstha, eka "mahavidhyalay" tayar karatat, jyache pramukh pope asatat. heey episcopal mahavidhyalay sarvatrik charchchya kalyanasathi jababdar aahe. yethe thodakyat, parishadechya khoop church jhalelya "samudayik church" chey moolbhut ghatak aahet, jeey sthanik churchche mahatva aanee samuhikatechya siddhantala pushti detat. aanee dusya vaticanne 'lumen gentium' madhye marian pujeche mahatva adhorekhit kele. parishadedarmyan, paul viinee merila charchchi aaee mhanoon ghoshit kele.
dusya vatican nantar junya sanskar aanee samarambhanmadhye jhalelya badalanmule vividh pratikriya nirman jhalya. kahinni charchmadhye jaane bund kele, tarr kahinni sahanubhootishil pujanyanchya madatine junya dharmik vidhiche jatan karnyacha prayatna keela. hya aajchya paramparavadi catholic gatancha paya banalya, jyancha assa vishvas aahe qee vatican II chya sudharana khoop pudhe gelya aahet. udarmatvadi catholic aanakhi eka asahmati gut tayar karatat jyanna vatate qee vatican II sudharana puresha pramanat gelya naheet. hans kang aanee charles karran yansarkhya dharmashastradnyanchya udarmatvadi matanmule charchane catholic mhanoon shikavanyacha tyancha adhikar mage ghetala. pradhyapak thomas bokenkotar yanchya matey, bahutek kaithalikanni "heey badal qamee-adhik pramanat sabhyatene sweekarle". 2007 madhye, dharmanishtha solavya yane vishvasoo lokanchya vinantinusar sajra karnyasathi, eka paryay mhanoon junya jansamudayala punha sthapit kele.
johnn xxiii yanni magavalela naveen "codex nyayshastra canonisi"-cannon kayada, pope johnn paul dusra yanni 25 janewari 1983 roji jaheer keela. tyat charchchya kayadyatil aanee lattin charchsathi charchchya shistit asankhya sudharana aanee badal samavisht aahet. tyane benedict exveene jaaree kelelya 1917 aavruttichi jaaga ghetali.
aadhuniktavad aanee mukti dharamshastra.
1960 chya dashakat, lattin american charchmadhye vadhati samajik jagrukta aanee rajkaranamule mukti dharamshastrala janm deela. peruvian pujari gustavo guteirres heey tyache prathamik samarthak banale aanee 1979 madhye meksikomadhil bishapsachya parishadene adhikrutpane lattin american charchcha "garibansathi pradhanya paryay" ghoshit keela. 1980 madhye, yaa chalvaliche samarthak asalele archbishop auskar romero heey yaa pradeshatil sarvat prasiddha samkalin shaheed banale, jevha sarkarshi sanlagn asalelya sainyane samuhikpane sangtana tyanchi hatya kelee.
pope johnn paul dusra aanee pope benedict solava (cardinal ratzinger mhanoon) yaa doghannihi yaa chalvalicha nishedh keela. brazilchya dharamshastradnya leonardo boff yanna donada prakashan aanee adhyapan thambavanyache aadesh denyat aale hote. pope johnn paul dusra yanchyavar chalvaliche samarthak hataltanachya tyanchya tivratebaddal teeka jhaali hotee, parantu charchane, garibanche samarthan karnyachya prayatnanmadhye, hinsachar kinwa pakshapati rajkaranacha avalamb karoon asey karoo naye asey tyanni sangitale. jaree charchala aata bahutek pradeshat pentecostal punarujjivanachya aavhanala tond dyave lagat asale, taree lattin americet hii chalval aajahi jiwant aahe.
samajik aanee laingik samasya.
"pope payas XI yanni 15 meey 1931 roji, 'reram noverum' chya 40 varshannantar 'quadrazesimo eno' jaaree keela. pramukhyane kamgaranchya sthitivar laksh kendrit karananya leochya ulat, payas XI neey samajik aanee aarthik vyavasthechya naitik parinamanvar laksh kendrit kele. tyanni ekata aanee anudan tattvavar aadharit samajik vyavasthechi punarrachana karnyache aavahan kele. aniyantrit bhandavalshahi aanee ekahati samyavadamule udbhavnare manvi swatantrya aanee pratishthesathiche mothe dhoke tyanni nondavale.
pope payas sahavya yanchya samajik shikavanukinni yaa shikavanukichi punaravrutti kelee aanee tyaa keval kamgar aanee bhandavali malkansathich navhe tarr rajkarani, shikshak, gruhini, shetkari, bahindar, aantarrashtriy sanghatana aanee sainyasah jivanachya serve pailunsarkhya itar vyavsayansathihi adhik tapshilvar lagoo kelya. payas XI chya palikade jaaun, tyanni vaidyakeey, manasshastra, khel, durdarshan, vidnyan, kayada aanee shikshan yaa kshetrantil samajik shikavanukichi vyakhya kelee. pratyakshat konatahi samajik muddah nahee, jyacha payas sahava yane ullekh keela nahee aanee joou khrishchan shraddheshi sambandhit aahe. tantrik pragatiche samajik parinam tapasanyachi tyanchi ichcha aanee kshamata yamule tyanna 'tantradnyanache pope' mhatale gele. vyaktiche kayamche adhikar aanee pratishtha hii pramukh chinta hotee. tyachya mathadhishpadachya shevati antaral yugachya suruvatichya kalat, payas sahava yane antaral sanshodhan aanee manavatechya samajik sanrachanevar upgrahanchya samajik parinamancha shodh ghetala aanee anudanavaril vidyaman popchya shikavanukichya prakashat samudayachi naveen bhavna aanee ekatmata magitali.
1960 chya dashkatil laingik krantimule charchsathi aavhanatmak samasya nirman jhalya. pope paul sahavya yanchya 1968 chya vishvakosh 'humayne vite' neey catholic charchchya vivah aanee vaivahik sambandhambaddalachya paramparik drushtikonachi pushti kelee aanee krutrim janm niyantranachya satatchya bandivar jore deela. yavyatirikt, yaa vishvakoshane garbhadharanepasun naisargik mrutyuparyantchya jivanachya pavitryacha punaruchchar keela aanee garbhpat aanee ichchamrutyu yaa donhincha gambhir pape mhanoon satatyane nishedh keela, jeey hatyesarkhe hote.
mahilanchya dikshant samarambhavar vichar karnyachya prayatnanmule pope johnn paul dusra yane charchchya shikavaniche spashtikaran denyasathi done kagadpatre jaaree kelee. "charchchya karyat mahilanchi titakich mahattvachi aanee purak bhoomika spasht karnyasathi 1988 madhye 'mullieris dignititem' jaaree karnyat aale. tyanantar 1994 madhye, "ordineshio sasardotalis" neey spasht kele qee church keval purushanna yeshuchya udaharanache anusaran karnyasathi samanvay dete, jyane yaa vishisht kartvyasathi keval purushanchi nivad kelee.
roman catholic padrincha chhal.
1926 teey 1934 darmyanchya mexican krantidarmyan, 3,000 hoon adhik pujanyanna nirvasit kinwa hatya karnyat aalee. dev churchche rakshan karnar nahee" heey siddha karnyachya prayatnat, adhyaksh plutarco elias colls yanni "charchcha ghrunaspad apavitrapana" karnyache aadesh dile... tethe (church) sevanche vidamban hote, nanvar balatkar keela jaat asey aanee konatyahi pujarila pakadale jaat asey... golya zadalya...". kalantarane coll padchyut karnyat aale aanee chhal asoonahi meksikomadhil church vadhatach rahile. 2000 chya jangananenusar, 88 takke mexican lock catholic mhanoon olakhatat.
1954 madhye, general juan peronchya rajvatit, argentinamadhye charchcha vyapak naash, padrincha nishedh aanee catholic shaala japt karane pahile gele kaaran peronne rashtriy sansthanvar rajya niyantran vadhavanyacha prayatna keela. nastik fidel castrochya netrutvakhali kyuba, archbishop aanee 150 spanish padrinna haddapar karoon, sarvajanik jeevanat aanee shikshanat kaithalikanshi bhedbhav karoon aanee tyanna communist pakshache sadasya mhanoon swikaranyas nakar deuun charchchi kaam karanyachi kshamata qamee karnyat yashasvi jhaala. tyanantar betavarun 300,000 lokanchya uddanamule tethil church qamee honyas madat jhaali.
catholic charchcha chhal keval mexicomadhyech navhe tarr 20 vya shatkatil spain aanee soviet unionmadhyehi jhaala. payas xi yane yala "bhayanak trikon" mhatale. padri, bhikshu aanee nun aanee charchashi sambandhit itar lokancha sampoorn naash karnyapeksha qamee asalela kathor chhal" 1918 madhye suru jhaala aanee 1930 chya dashkaparyant changla suru rahila. 1936 madhye spanish yadavi yuddh suru jhaale, jyaa darmyan hajaro church nasht karnyat aale aanee tera bishop aanee sumare 6,832 padri aanee dharmik spaniard yanchi hatya karnyat aalee.
mexico, spain aanee soviet unionmadhil charchchya chhalanantar, payas XI neey 19 march 1937 roji jaaree kelelya tyachya vishvakoshatil divini redemptorismadhye samyavadachi vyakhya catholic charchcha mukhya virodhak mhanoon kelee. tyane communist, samajvadi aanee facist shaktinni kelelya chhalavar maunacha cutt rachalyabaddal pashchatya shakti aanee madhyamanna doshi tharavale.
protestantvad.
ingrajivad.
20vya shatkachya suruvatila jevha anglo-catholic chalval tyachya shikharavar hotee, tevha anglican samudayamadhye shekado varg aanee samuday hote. tathapi, 1960 chya dashakapasun ingraji samudayachya anek bhaganmadhye, visheshtah united kingdam aanee united statesmadhye dharmik sankhyemadhye tivra ghat jhaali aahe. ekekali anek mothe aanee aantarrashtriy samuday vruddha purush kinwa mahilanni banalelya ekach mathat kinwa mathat maryadit kele gele aahet. tathapi, aajahi jagbharatil dharmik samudayanmadhye hajaro ingraji dharmik karye suru aahet. kahee bhagat vyavasay qamee rahile asale taree, africa, ashiya aanee oshaniyamadhye ingraji dharmik samudayanmadhye lakshaniy vaadh hott aahe.
dharmprachar.
yuu madhye.ess. aanee jagaat itaratra, protestant panthanchya, visheshtah jeey adhik keval evangelical aahet, evangelical shakhet lakshaniy vaadh jhaali aahe aanee mukhya udarmatvadi charchmadhye anuroop ghat jhaali aahe. pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya kalat, udarmatvad heey american churchche vegane vadhanare kshetra hote. panthanchya udarmatvadi shakha vadhat hotya aanee mothya sankhyene madarshanna udarmatvadi drushtikonatun shikavale jaat hote. dusya mahayuddhanantarchya kalat, amerikechya madarshanmadhil aanee charchchya sanrachananmadhil puranmatvadi chhavanikade haah cull parat valoo lagla. madarshanmadhye aanee itar padvyuttar dharamshastriy sambandhit karyakramanmadhye pravesh karnanyanni tyanchya sarasari purvavartinpeksha adhik puranmatvadi cull darshavila aahe.
1940 aanee 1950 chya dashkatil evangelical pushane eka chalval nirman kelee jyacha vyapak prabhav kayam aahe. dakshin united statesmadhye biilii graham sarkhya netyanchya pratinidhitvakhalil evangelical lokanni lakshaniy vaadh anubhavali.
austreliyane anglican charchchya vividh bhaganmadhye nutanikaran tasech evangelical samudayachi vadhati upasthiti pahili aahe. jaree tyachya ingraji mulanmadhye adhik "paramparik" asale taree, rashtrane tyachya dharmik kshetrat vaadh pahili aahe.
pentecostal chalval.
tisya mahan jagrutichi mule pavitratechya chalvalit hotee jee 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat vikasit jhaali hotee, jyamule pentecostal chalvalila marg midala. 1902 madhye, american dharmpracharak ruben tirandaj torry aanee charles emm. alekzandarne austreliyatil melburn yethe baithka ghetalya, parinami 8,000 hoon adhik dharmantarit jhaale.
torry aanee alekzandar heey velsh punarujjivanachya prarambhi sahbhagi hote, jyamule jessy paine-louis yanni 'warr aun daad sents' heey pustak lihile. 1906 madhye losses angelisemadhil azusa rastyavar aadhunik pentecostal chalvalicha janm jhaala.
tethoon pentecostalism jagbharat pasarla. yaa panchvarshik-sarkhya abhivyakti khristi dharmachya sampoorn itihasat satatyane purava mhanoon aadhalalya aahet-jase qee americet suru jhalelya pahilya done mahan jagrutinmadhye disun aale aahe. tathapi, aadhunik pentecostal chalvaliche janmasthan mhanoon azusa rastyala mothya pramanat sweekarle jaate. jyachya parinami aadhich sthapit jhalelya panthanmadhye karishmai chalvalicha janm jhaala, tee pentecostalism hii pashchimatya khrishchananmadhil eka mahattvachi shakti aahe.
acuminism.
protestantvadatil vishvavyapi chalvalinni khrishchan honyasathi aavashyak asalelya siddhantanchi aanee paddhatinchi yadee nishchit karnyavar laksh kendrit kele aahe aanee asha prakare serve gatanparyant vistar keela aahe jeey yaa moolbhut nikashanchi (qamee-adhik) saha-samaan darja purn karatat, kadachit aekhadyacha swatacha gut ajunahi samananmadhye pratham sthan rakhoon thevato. yaa prakriyet paramparik dharmashastratun 'church' chya kalpanechi punarnirdharan samavisht hotee. gair-panthiyavad mhanoon olakhala jaanara haah church, assa yuktivad karato qee pratyek gut (joou 'khrishchan' asanyache aavashyak nikash purn karato) haah eka mothya 'khrishchan church' chaa up-gut aahe, joou swatah thet pratinidhitva nasaleli eka purnapane amoort sankalpana aahe, mhanje.eae.konatahi gut kinwa 'sampraday' 'church' asalyacha dawa karat nahee. arthat, heey church heey itar gut jeey kharokharach swatahla 'church' manatat, tyanchyapeksha bhinn aahe. aavashyak nikash" madhye samanyatah trimurtivaril vishvas, kshama aanee shashvat jeevan midvanyacha ekmev marg yeshu khrist aahe aanee too maran pavala aanee punha sharirikaritya uthala assa vishvas samavisht asato.
mathvad.
khrishchan mathvadane tyanchya sambandhit samudayansathi 'aantar-khrishchan' drushtikonatun anek naveen payanchya swarupat nutanikaran anubhavale. protestant evangelicalvadatun udbhavalelya naveen mathvad chalvalitil boses mathvad samuday aanee samudayanmadhye acumenical mathvadachya abhivyakti disu shakatat.
1944 madhye, swis reform churchche padri, roser shootz yanni francemadhye eka lahan dharmik bandhutva sthapan kele, jeey taize samuday mhanoon olakhale jaau lagale. jaree too protestant paramparetil mathvad punarujjivit karnyachya aashene anshatah prerit asala, taree haah bandhutva aantarvargik hota, roman catholic bandhunna swikarat hota aanee tyamule too visheshtah protestant samudayapeksha eka vishvavyapi aahe.
daad aurder auph acumenical francican hii purush aanee striyanchi eka dharmik vyavastha aahe jee tyanchya jeevanat seent francis auph asisi aanee seent clair auph asisi yanchya udaharananche anusaran karnyasathi aanee khrishchan gospel samajoon ghenyasathi samarpit aaheh nirmitibaddalache prem samayik karane aanee jeey upekshit jhaale aahet. yaat roman catholic, anglican aanee anek protestant paramparansah anek vegvegalya panthanche sadasya samavisht aahet. yaa aadeshala tyache charitra samajoon yete, jyamadhye keval sarvadharmiy prayatna aanee sarvasadharanpane franciscananche paramparik bharr samavisht karanech navhe tarr vividh franciscan aadeshanmadhye sambandh vikasit karnyat madat karane dekhil samavisht aahe.
aadhuniktavad aanee udarmatvadi protestantvad.
udarmatvadi khrishchan dharm, jyala kadhikadhi udarmatvadi dharamshastra mhanatat, hii 18 vya, 19 vya aanee 20 vya shatkatil khrishchan dharmatil vividh, tatvadnyanachya drushtine mahitee asalelya dharmik chalvali aanee manahsthiti yancha samavesh karnari eka chhatra sandnya aahe. udarmatvadi khrishchan dharmatil 'udarmatvadi' haah shabd davya vicharsaranichya 'rajkiy' ajendyacha kinwa vishvasancha sanch nahee, tarr mahadvipiy tattvadnyan aanee dnyanachya yugat vikasit jhalelya itar tatvik aanee dharmik pratimanshi sambandhit dvandvatmak prakriyechya swatantryacha sandarbh deto.
tyache naav asoonahi, udarmatvadi khrishchan dharm nehmich purnapane snrakshak rahila aahe.
manushya haah eka rajkiy prani aahe aanee vichar aanee abhivyakti swatantrya heey tyache sarvoch moolya asale pahije, asey dnyanachya kalatil udarmatvadache mutt hote. udarmatvadi khrishchan dharmachya vikasache shrey tatvadnya emmanuel kaant aanee friedrich schlaremaker yanchya karyanna jaate. ekunach, udarmatvadi khrishchanatva heey satatchya tatvik sanvadache utpadan aahe.
20 vya shatkatil anek udarmatvadi khrishchananvar edmond hasral aanee martin hedegger yaa tatvadnyancha prabhav aahe. rudolph bultman aanee johnn aii. hii pramukh udarmatvadi khrishchan vicharvantanchi udaharane aahet.tii. robbinson.
moolbhootvad.
kattarpanthi khrishchan dharmachi suruvat sadhyachya chalvalipeksha qamee kathor chalval mhanoon jhaali, jyache varnan tyaa sandnyene kele aahe aanee swayam-varnan kele aahe. 19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila british aanee american protestantvadamadhye udayas aaleli hii chalval aahe, pramukhyane aadhuniktavad aanee kahee udarmatvadi protestant gatanchya pratikriyene, jyanni khrishchan dharmachya moolbhut manalya jaananya siddhantanna nakarle, tarihi ajunahi swatahla khrishchan mhatale. asha prakare, kattartavadane moolbhut tattvanchi punarsthapana karnyacha prayatna keela, jeey khristi olakh, 'moolbhut' sodoon dilyashivay nakarle jaau shakat naheet. yaa vishisht tattvanni bayabalachi visangati, soul grunth, yeshucha kumari janm, paryayi prayashchitt siddhant, yeshuche sharirik punarutthan aanee yeshu khristache aasann punragman yanchi vyakhya kelee. kalantarane yaa aanee itar ghatkanvar chalval, aata kattarpanthi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya lokanmadhye vibhagali gelee, tyanche naav kayam thewale aanee jeey evangelical mhanoon olakhale jaatat, tyanni tyanchya mool chinta kayam rakhalya.
purvekadil rudhivadi.
paschimekade sthalantar.
aadhunik aitihasik rudhivadatil sarvat lakshavedhi ghadamodinpaiki eka mhanje paschimekade rudhivadi khrishchananche failav. 20 vya shatkat greece aanee purvekadil jawalchya deshanmadhun sthalantarit jhalyamule paschim europe, uttar aanee dakshin america aanee austreliyamadhye mothya pramanat rudhivadi pravasi nirman jhaale. yavyatirikt, bolshevik krantimule hajaro russian nirvasitanna paschimekade jaanyas bhag padale. parinami, rudhivadachya paramparik simanmadhye sakhol badal karnyat aale aahet. lakho rudhivadi aata bhaugolikdrushtya 'purv' rahilele naheet kaaran teey pashchimetil tyanchya navyane dattak ghetalelya deshanmadhye kayamswarupi rahatat. taridekhil, teey tyanchya shraddhemadhe aanee aacharanat purvekadil rudhivadi rahatat. greek, arab, russian, serbian, albanian, ukrainean, romanian aanee bulgarian asha jawaljawal serve rudhivadi rashtriyatvanche pratinidhitva americet kele jaate.
sudharit julien dindarshika.
1924 madhye, constantinopalachya vishvavyapi kulguru gregory VII neey sampoorn pitrusattakamadhye sudharit julien dindarshikecha vapar suru keela. constantinopalachya vishvavyapi pitrusattakanchya prabhavakhali, church auph greece aanee church auph sayprasne dekhil naveen dindarshika aayat kelee. roman orthodox charchane 1924 madhye sudharit julien dindarshika sweekarli. alekzandriya aanee antiokchya charchani 1928 madhye sudharit julien dindarshika sweekarli. bulgarian orthodox charchane 1968 madhye sudharit julien dindarshika dekhil sweekarli.
tathapi, jerusalem, russia, serbia, georgia, mount ethos yaa charchani sudharit julien dindarshika swikaranyas thampane nakar deela.
satat lock.
1935 madhye, turkey prajasattakache pahile turkey adhyaksh aanee sansthapak, mustafa kemal ataturk yanni hagia sofiyache sangrahalayat rupantar kele. galicha aanee tyanchya khalicha mortarcha thurr kadhoon taknyat aala aanee phosatisachya punarsthapanantar prathamach 'omphalian' sarkhya sangamarvari majlyavaril sajavat disu lagali, tarr anek mosack jhakanare pandhare plaster kadhoon taknyat aale.
1971 madhye turkimadhye khajgi vidyapithanna kaam karnyas manai karananya turkey kayadyane hulkey shikshanalay bund karnyat aale.
russia.
1957 paryant sumare 22,000 russian orthodox church sakriy hotya. parantu 1959 madhye nikita khrushchevne russian orthodox charchviruddha moheem suru kelee aanee sumare 12,000 church bund karnyas bhag padale. 1985 paryant 7,000 peksha qamee church sakriy rahili.
purvi dharmik adhikaanyaanee kelele dharmaday aanee samajik karya rajyane tabyat ghetale. serve khajgi malmattepramanech, charchchya malkichi malmatta sarvajanik vaparasathi japt karnyat aalee. charchsathi uralelya kahee prathanasthalankade kayadeshiraritya rajyachi malmatta mhanoon pahile jaat asey, jee sarkarne charchala vaparanyachi parvanagi dilee. rajyane nidhi puravalelya sarvatrik shikshanachya aagmananantar, charchala mulansathi shaikshanik, shaikshanik upkram suru thevanyachi parvanagi navhati. praudhansathi, keval charchashi sambandhit vyavasayansathi prashikshanas parvanagi hotee. daivi prathna darmyanchya pravachanabaheril teey vishvasoo lokanna kinwa tyanchya tarunyala soochana deu kinwa prachar karoo shakat navhate. catechismche varg, dharmik shaala, abhyas gut, ravivar shaala aanee dharmik prakashne heey serve bekaydeshir hote. 1991 madhye soviet union visarjit hoiparyant, stallinchya mrutyunantarhi haah chhal suru rahila. yamule anek dharmik grunth bekaydeshir sahitya kinwa samizdat mhanoon prasarit jhaale. soviet unionchya patananantar anek naveen-sainik sant mhanoon jodale gele aahet.
serbia.
1920 madhye, serbian pitrusattakanchi punha sthapana karnyat aalee, asha prakare belgradeche mahanagar dimitriye heey punarsthapit pitrusattakanche pahile pramukh banale.
bulgaria.
1945 madhye constantinopalachya kulgurunni bulgarian charchchya autocephalila manyata dilee. 1950 madhye, pavitra dharamsabhene eka naveen kayada swikarla jyane pitrusattakatechya dusya punarsanchayanasathi marg mokala keela aanee 1953 madhye, tyane plovdiv, siril, bulgarian pitrusattak mahanagar nivadle.
romania.
1925 madhye roman orthodox charchala pitrusattak mhanoon badhati denyat aalee. 1 november 1925 roji, eka dharamsabha jhalyanantar, serve romaniyachya metropolitan-prime miron christiala "serve romaniyache kulguru" asey naav denyat aale.
kulguru miron yanni charchmadhye gregorian dindarshikesarkhya sudharana suru kelya, jyat, thodakyat, roman catholic charchchya tyach tarkhela easter sajra karane samavisht aahe. yala paramparavadi aanee junya dindarshikavantanchya vividh gatanni, visheshtah moldeviamadhye, virodh keela, jithe besarabiyachya mahanagar gurii grossoone pitrusattakanni dilele aadesh swikaranyas nakar deela.
georgia.
march 1917 madhye zaar nicolaus dusra hyala ulthoon taklyanantar, georgiachya bishapanni 25 march 1917 roji ektarfipane georgian orthodox charchchi autocephaly punarsanchayit kelee. heey badal russian orthodox charchane sweekarle naheet. 1921 madhye georgiaver laal sainyane kelelya aakramananantar, georgian orthodox charchcha tivra chhal karnyat aala. nastik sarkarne shekado church bund kelya aanee joseph stallinchya shuddhikaranachya kalat shekado bhikshu marle gele. georgian orthodox charchchya swatantryala akher 31 aktoobar 1943 roji russian orthodox charchane manyata dileeh soviet unionmadhil khrishchananprati yuddhakalin adhik sahishnu dhoranacha bhag mhanoon stallinne yaa halchaliche aadesh dile hote.
3 march 1990 roji, constantinopalachya vishvavyapi kulgurunni georgian orthodox charchchya (jyacha vyavharat vapar keela jaat hota kinwa kiman 5 vya shatkapasoon dawa keela jaat hota) svayampratishtha, tasech catholicoschya pitrusattak sanmanala manyata dilee aanee manyata dilee. 1991 madhye georgiachya tyanantarchya swatantryane georgiachya orthodox charchchya nashibat mothe punarujjivan pahile.
greece.
20 vya shatkatil dharmik punarujjivanache netrutva zho chalvaline kele, jee 1911 madhye sthapan jhaali. ethansmadhye aadharit hotee parantu vikendrikrut paddhatine karyarat hotee, tee samanya lokansah kahee pujanyanparyant pohochali. mukhya upkramanmadhye prakashne aanee 7800 charchmadhil deshvyapi ravivar shaley chalvalicha samavesh aahe, jyaa 150,000 vidyarthyanparyant pohochatat. zho yanni vyavsayik purush, tarun, palak aanee tarun mahila paricharikansathichya sanghatanansah asankhya sahayyak aanee sanlagn gatanna prayojit kele. baibal, sachitra kadambya, patrake aanee itar dharmik sahitya prasarit karnyasathi jordar prayatna karnyat aale. dharmik chalvaline samanya lokanna dharmik vidhinmadhye adhik jagrukta aanee adhik varanvar sanvad sadhanyas protsahit kele. 20vya shatkat shikshanshala bandhalya gelya, parantu bahutek padvidharanni parishchya kamapeksha adhyapan suru kele. 1920 saalee greechya 4500 pujanyanpaiki keval 800 purohitanna prathamik patalichya palikade konatehi shikshan midale hote. 1959 paryant, 7000 pujanyanpaiki paach takkyanhun adhik lokanni vidyapith aanee shikshan shikshan purn kelele navhate. jaree teey durgam mount ethos yethe chaloo rahile taree mathanche jeevan zapatyane qamee jhaale. dusare mahayuddha aanee tyanantarchya yadavi yuddhamule churchche dainandin jeevan atyant viskalit jhaale, anek church jaloon khaq jhalya aanee ekikade german kinwa dusarikade communistanni shekado pujari aanee bhikshunna thaar marle.
albania.
1912 madhye albanian swatantryanantar, nollie (joou 1924 madhye eka rajkiy vyakti aanee albaniacha pantpradhan dekhil asel), albaniala gela, jithe tyane orthodox albanian charchchya sthapanet mahattvachi bhoomika bajavali. 17 september 1922 roji berat yethe jhalelya pahilya orthodox congressne aupcharikpane albanian orthodox charchcha paya ghatala aanee tyachi svayampratishtha ghoshit kelee. constantinopalachya vishvavyapi pitrusattakane 1937 madhye orthodox albanian churchche swatantrya kinwa svayampratishtha manya kelee.
1967 madhye enver hoxane deshatil serve church aanee mashidi bund kelya aanee albaniala jagatil pahila nastik desh ghoshit kele. sarvajanik kinwa khajgi asha serve prakarchya dharmachya abhivyaktivar bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee. shekado pujari aanee imam marle gele kinwa turungat takale gele.
december 1990 madhye, communist adhikaanyaanee adhikrutpane albeniyamadhil 23 varshe chalaleli dharmik bandee sampushtat aanali. keval 22 rudhivadi pujari jiwant rahile. yaa paristhitila samore jaanyasathi, vishvavyapi kulgurunni anastasiosla albanian charchsathi pitrusattak raja mhanoon niyukt kele. androsache bishop mhanoon, anastasios tyacha vel ethens vidyapithatil tyachya adhyapan kartvyanmadhye aanee keniyatil irinopolisache aarchbishapmadhye vibhagat hota, jeey tyachya niyuktipurvi katheen tappyatoon jaat hote. 24 juuna 1992 roji teey "tirana, durres aanee albania mukhya dharmadhyaksh" mhanoon nivadle gele aanee 2 august 1992 roji teey sinhasanavar virajman jhaale.
cyprus.
1950 madhye, macarios tisra sayprasacha archbishop mhanoon nivadala gela. kishanche bishop asatana tyanni majboot bauddhik aanee rashtriy kriyakalap pradarshit kele hote. 1950 madhye tyanni cyprus aanee greece yanchyatil unionver ('anosis') sarvmat aayojit kele. archbishop asatana teey varshanmadhye ioka mukti chalvaliche rajkiy nete hote. britishanni tyanchya kriyakalapanmule tyanna sishalsmadhye haddapar kele.
1960 madhye, archbishop macarios tisra heey navyane sthapan jhalelya cyprus prajasattakache adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale. macariosashi itar teen bishapsachya matbhedanmule cypriot charchmadhil bandkhoricha prayatna jhaala. macarioschya virodhat cutt rachalyabaddal paphos, kitiyam aanee kyreniyachya bishapanchya padchyutinantar, done naveen bishparik tayar karnyat aaleh limasolche bishparik jeey kishanchya bishparikpasoon vegale hote aanee morpho bishparik jeey kyreniyachya bishparikpasoon vegale hote. 15 julai 1974 chya uthavamule archbishop macarios tisra yala bett sodanyas bhag padale. december 1974 madhye teey paratale.
sattapalatanantar 20 julai 1974 roji turkey aakraman jhaale, jyacha church aanee tyachya kalpavar lakshaniy parinam jhalah sayprasacha 35 takke pradesh turkeechya tabyat aalyane, lakho rudhivadi khrishchan visthapit jhaale aanee jyanna jaau shakat navhate kinwa jyanna jayache navhate (suruvatila 20,000) tyanchyavar atyachar jhaale. uttarekadil sayprasmadhye 514 church, chapples aanee math aahet, jyapaiki anekanche mashidi, sangrahalaye kinwa sodoon denyat aalelya mathanmadhye rupantar karnyat aale hote.
finland.
1917 madhye finlandne rashiyapasoon swatantrya ghoshit kelyanantar lagechach, finlandchya orthodox charchane russian orthodox charchpasoon aapali svayatta ghoshit kelee. finlandchya pahilya rajyaghatanene (1919) orthodox charchala finlandchya lutheran charchchya barobaricha darja deela.
1923 madhye, finlandche orthodox church russian charchpasoon purnapane vegale jhaale, aanee constantinopalachya vishvavyapi pitrusattakanshi sanlagn asalele eka swayatt church banale. tyach velee gregorian dindarshika sweekarli gelee aanee dharmik vidhinchi bhasha church slavonicoveroon finishmadhye badalali.
crate.
1962 madhye, constantinopalachya vishvavyapi pitrusattakane kretchya bishpricks betala mahanagaranmadhye unchavale aanee 1967 madhye, kretchya mahanagarala archbishop mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee.
prachya rudhivadi.
coptic orthodox church.
juuna 1968 madhye, coptic pope siril sahavya yanna sant marqa daad evangelistche avashesh midale, jeey akra shatakanpurvi alekzandriyahun venisla nele gele hote. navyane purn jhalelya cathedralchya khalee avashesh daphan karnyat aale.
ravivar, 2 janewari 2000 roji, kairochya dakshines 450 kilometer antaravar asalelya egyptchya varchya (dakshinekadil) koshah gavat 21 coptic khrishchananchi salafistanni kattal kelee. khrishchan malmatta dekhil jaalanyat aalya. nantar, sohag governoratemadheel faujdari nyayalayane koshah yetheel naveen varshachya hatyakandatil serve 89 aaropinchi jaminashivay sutka kelee. coptic pope shenoda tisra yane haah nikal ughadpane fetalala aanee patrakaranna sangitale, "aamhala yaa nirnayala aavhan dyayache aahe. aamhi teey swikarat nahee."nyayalayachya shikshevirodhat apeal karata naan aalyane, coptic pope shenoda tisra mhanalah" aamhi yaa shikshevirodhat devasamor apeal karoo."
ethiopian orthodox tewahedo church.
coptic aanee ethiopian church 13 julai 1948 roji eka kararavar pohochale, jyamule ethiopian charchsathi autocephaly jhaali. alexandriache coptic pope siril VI aanee sampoorn aafrikeche kulguru yanni lagechach paach bishapanna pavitra kele, tyanchya charchsathi naveen kulguru nivadanyacha adhikar deela aanee kyerelos IV chya uttaradhikarila naveen bishapanna pavitra karnyacha adhikar asel. coptic orthodox pope joseph dusra yane 14 janewari 1951 roji ethiopianmadhye janmalelya archbishop abuna basiliosla pavitra kele tevha hii padonnati purn jhaali. tyanantar 1959 madhye pope siril vhee yanni ethiopiyache pahile kulguru mhanoon basiliosla taaj deela.
1971 madhye basilioscha mrutyu jhaala aanee tyach varshi tevophilos yane tyala uttaradhikari kele. 1974 madhye samrat hail selasichya patananantar, ethiopian orthodox tewahedo church rajya church mhanoon vighatit jhaale. naveen marksvadi sarkarne charchchya malkichya malmatteche (jaminisah) rashtriyikaran karnyas suruvat kelee. tevophilosala 1976 madhye marksvadi durg lashkari juntaene atak kelee aanee 1979 madhye guptapane fashi dilee. sarkarne charchala naveen kulguru nivadanyache aadesh dile aanee takla hemanotela sinhasanavar basavanyat aale. coptic orthodox charchane tekal hemnotchi nivadanuk aanee sinhasanavar basanyachi manyata denyas nakar deela kaaran ethiopian charchchya dharamsabha neey tevophilos kadhoon takale navhate aanee sarkarne tyacha mrutyu jahirpane manya keela navhata aanee tyamule too ajunahi ethiopiacha vaidh kulguru hota. jaree teey ekmekanshi samparkat rahile, taree donhi charchmadhil aupcharik sambandh thambavanyat aale.
tekal hemnot heey durg rajvatila apekshepeksha khoopach qamee anukool asalyache siddha jhaale aanee mhanoon jevha 1988 madhye kulguru maran pavale, tevha rajvatishi jawalche sambandh asalelya naveen kulguruchi magani karnyat aalee. durg-yugatil ethiopian sansadeche sadasya asalele gondarche archbishop, nivadoon aale aanee abuna mercorios mhanoon sinhasanavar basavale gele. 1991 madhye durg rajvatichya patananantar aanee eae. pii. aar. dii. eff. sarkarchya sattemadhye aalyanantar, mercoriosne sarvajanik aanee sarkari dabavakhali rajinama deela. tyanantar charchane paulos yaa naveen kulguruchi nivad kelee, jyala alexandriachya coptic popane manyata dilee.
eritrian orthodox tewahedo church.
1993 madhye eritriyachya eka rashtra mhanoon swatantryanantar, 1994 madhye coptic orthodox charchane eritrian charchsathi aarchbishapchi niyukti kelee, jyala 1998 madhye tyachya mudder synodchya anichchhuk manyatesah autocephaly midali. tyach varshi, pahila eritrian kulguru pavitra karnyat aala.
catholic-paramparik sanvad.
gelya shatkat, catholic church aanee purvekadil rudhivadi church yanchyatil matbhed mitavanyasathi anek pavale uchalanyat aalee aahet. jaree pragati jhaali asali taree, popache pradhanya aanee lahan rudhivadi charchchya swatantryabaddalchya chintene matbhedancha antim todga kadhala aahe.
pracheen purvekadil charchashi sambandhanmadhil kahee sarvat katheen prashna kahee siddhantanshi sambandhit aahet (i.eae. philioc, vidvatteche siddhant, tapasvipanachi karyatmak uddishte, devache saar, manovikruti, chautha dharmayuddha, lattin samrajyachi sthapana, ekatmata lakshat ghenyasarkhi parantu kahee) tasech popchya pramukhatechya davyacha thos sarav aanee charchsambandhi ekikaran mhanje keval mothya catholic charchchya (jagatil sarvat asankhya ekach dharmik sampraday) lattin ghatkadvare lahan churchche shoshan karane aanee tyanchya swatachya samruddha dharmik, dharmik aanee sanskrutik varshache dadpan kinwa parityag karane asey nahee.
catholic church aanee orthodox church yanchyatil dharamshastriy sanvadasathi sanyukt aantarrashtriy aayogachi pahili baithak 1980 madhye roads yethe jhaali.
paristhiti ekjoot qaraa.
juuna 1993 madhye balamand, lebnon yethe jhalelya baithakit, roman catholic church aanee orthodox church yanchyatil dharmik sanvadasathi sanyukt aantarrashtriy aayogane, purvekadil orthodox charchchya pratinidhinni ghoshit kele...aanee jyala 'ekatmata' mhatale gele aahe, teey yapudhe anusarane yogya paddhat mhanoon kinwa aaplya church shodhat asalelya aikyache model mhanoon sweekarle jaau shakat nahee.
tyach velee aayogane mhatleh
salokyachya dishene itar pavale.
juuna 1995 madhye, aktoobar 1991 madhye constantinopleche 273 weey vishvavyapi kulguru mhanoon nivadoon aalele kulguru bartholomeu pahila, jevha teey asisi yethe shantatesathichya prathanechya aitihasik aantar-dharmik divashi sameel jhaale tevha tyanni prathamach vaticanla bhet dilee. pope johnn paul dusra aanee bartholomeu pahila yanni spashtapane sangitale qee, "bhootkalatil bahishkarache vismaran karanyachi aanee sampoorn sanvad punha sthapit karnyachya margavar jaanyachi tyanchi paraspar ichcha".
meey 1999 madhye, johnn paul dusra yane romaniyala bhet dilee, mothya matbhedanantar purvekadil rudhivadi deshala bhet denare teey pahile pope tharale. johnn paul dusra yache abhivadan kelyavar, roman kulguru teoctist mhanaleh "khrishchan itihasachya dusya sahasrabdichi suruvat charchchya ektechya vednadayak jakhmesah jhaali; yaa sahasrabdichya shevati khrishchan ekata punarsanchayit karnyasathi kharee vachanbaddhata disun aalee aahe."pope johnn paul dusra yane yukrensarkhya itar kattar rudhivadi bhaganna bhet dilee, kahee vela swagat nasatanahi, aanee teey mhanale qee paschim aanee purv khrishchan dharmatil phoot bharoon kadhane hii tyanchi sarvat aavadati ichcha hotee.
catholic-virodhak sanvad.
1966 madhye, canterburyche archbishop, michael ramsey yanni pope paul sahavya yanna adhikrut bhet dilee aanee pudhchya varshi, anglican-roman catholic aantarrashtriy aayogachi sthapana karnyat aalee. tyacha pahila prakalp shastranchya adhikaravar kendrit hota. tyanantar aayogane nauu manya vidhane sadar kelee aahet. aarkikcha pahila tappa 1981 madhye 'charchmadhil adhikaravaril spashtikaran' yaa antim ahavalachya prakashanane sampala.
protestant samudayanshi asalelya catholic sambandhanchya sandarbhat, sanvadala chalana denyasathi kahee aayog sthapan karnyat aale aanee 1999 madhye lutheran jaagtik mahasanghasobat tayar kelelya samarthanachya siddhantavaril sanyukt ghoshanesarkhya saiddhantik ekteche mudde olakhanyachya uddeshane kagadpatre tayar karnyat aalee aahet.