vishesh jilha (united states)

vishesh jilhe (vishesh seva jilhe, vishesh jilha sarkare, maryadit uddesh sanstha kinwa vishesh-uddesh jilhe mhanoonahi olakhale jaatat) heey swatantra, vishesh-uddesh sarkari ghatak aahet jeey county, nagarpalika aanee nagarpalikesarkhya sthanik sarkaranpasun vegale astitvat aahet, jyat lakshaniy prashasakeey aanee vittiy swatantrya aahe. teey ekach karya kinwa sambandhit karyancha sanch karnyasathi tayar kele jaatat. yuu. dwara paribhashit kelyapramane 'vishesh jilha sarkare' hii sandnya.ess. janganana vibhagane shaley jilhyanna vagalale aahe. 2017 madhye, yuu.ess. 51, 296 hoon adhik vishesh jilha sarkare hotee.
janganana vyakhya.
united stateschee janganana serve rajyanmadhil sarkari ekkanchi ganana karate. yamadhye vishesh jilhyancha samavesh aahe."vishesh jilhyanchi ganana karnyasathi jangananene vishesh jilhyanchi vyakhya karane aavashyak aahe jenekarun 50 rajyanchya vyakhya aanee vyakhyanchya vyapak shrenitil asha serve sarkari sansthanna sambodhit karata yeil. jangananechi sampoorn vyakhya ashee aaheh vishesh jilha sarkare hii swatantra, vishesh uddesh asaleli sarkari ekake aahet, shaley jilha sarkaranvyatirikt, jee samanya hetuchya sthanik sarkaranpasun lakshaniy prashasakeey aanee vittiy swatantrya asalelya swatantra sanstha mhanoon astitvat aahet. jangananechya karyalayatil sarkaranvaril aakadevarinusar, "vishesh jilha sarkare" yaa sandnyemadhye shaley jilha sarkaranna vagalale aahe kaaran tyanchi vyakhya swatantra sarkari prakar mhanoon kelee jaate.
 vishesh jilha sarkare vishisht seva puravatat jyaa vidyaman samanya uddisht sarkarandware puravilya jaat naheet. bahutek jann ekach karya karatat, parantu kahee prakarananmadhye, tyanche saksham karnare kayade tyanna anek, samanyatah sambandhit, prakarchya seva pradan karanyachi parvanagi detat. yaa jilhyandware puravilya puravilya sevanmadhye rugnalaye aanee agni sanrakshn yasarkhya moolbhut samajik garjanpasoon teey daas qamee karane aanee smashanbhumichi dekhbhal karane yasarkhya qamee thalak kamancha samavesh aahe.
 vishesh jilha sarkaranchya janganana karyalay vargikaranamadhye vividh prakarchya sansthancha samavesh aahe, jyapaiki bahutekanna adhikrutpane jilhe kinwa adhikari mhanatat. tathapi, serve tathakathit sarvajanik sanstha vegalya sarkaranche pratinidhitva karat naheet. jilha" kinwa "pradhikaran" heey padd dharan dharan anek sanstha, kayadyanusar, county, nagarpalika, shahar kinwa nagar kinwa rajya sarkaranshi itakya jawalun sambandhit aahet qee tyanche sarkaranvaril janganana beurochya aakadevarimadhye tyaa sarkaranchya adhinastha sanstha mhanoon vargikaran kele jaate aanee tyanchi swatantra vishesh jilha sarkare mhanoon ganana kelee jaat nahee.
 eka adhinastha sanstha mhanoon vargikrut karnyaivaji vishesh jilha sarkar mhanoon vargikrut honyasathi, ekhadya sansthekade teen vaishishtye asane aavashyak aahe-eka sanghatit sanstha mhanoon astitva, sarkari charitrya aanee bhareev svayatta. pratyek rajyache varnan vividh vaidhanik pradhikarane, aayog, mahamandal aanee itar prakarchya sansthanchi dekhil yadee karate, jyanchi kahee sarkari vaishishtye aahet, parantu kayadyanusar rajya kinwa swatantra sthanik sarkaranchya prashasakeey kinwa vittiy niyantranachya adheen aahet; mhanoon, tyanche vargikaran tyaa sarkaranchya adhinastha sanstha mhanoon kele jaate.
vaishishtye.
vishesh jilhe maryadit kshetranna seva detat aanee prashasakeey mandale asatat jee sarvajanik nidhicha vapar karoon kayadevishayak niyukt karye purn karatat.
prashasakeey sanstha.
pratyek jilhyache sanchalan sanchalak mandal, aayukt, paryavekshak mandal kinwa tyasarkhya mandaladvare kele jaate. yaa mandalanchi niyukti sarvajanik sarvajanik, khajgi sansthandvare niyukt kelelya, lokpriyapane nivadoon aalelya kinwa labhalelya nagarikandware (samanyatah, malmatta malak) nivadalya jaau shakatat. kadhikadhi, eka kinwa adhik sarvajanik adhikari mandalavar paden sadasya mhanoon kaam kartil.
vishesh jilhyache mandal pramukhyane vyavasthapan mandal mhanoon kaam karate aanee anekada dainandin kamkaj aanee nirnay ghenyasathi aanee dhoran amalbajavanisathi mukhya karyakarichi niyukti karate. nyu englandchya rajyanmadhye, vishesh jilhe bahutekda itar sthanik sarkaranpramanech nagar sabhanchya paddhatine chalavale jaatat. bahutansh jilhyanmadhye karmchari aahet, parantu kahee jilhe keval rokhe jaaree karoon aanee/kinwa curr vadhisathi vittapuravatha karoon nidhi ubharanyasathi astitvat aahet.
karye.
vishesh jilhe vimantal, bandare, mahamarg, samoohik vahtook, parking suvidha, agnisuraksha, granthalaye, udyane, smashanbhoomi, rugnalaye, sinchan, sanwardhan, sandapani, sandapani prakriya, ghanakchara, fiber optic pranali, kridagare, panipurvatha, veej aanee naisargik vayoo upayuktata yasah anek karye karatat.
kayadeshir aadhar.
vishesh jilhe rajya kayadyadvare adhikrut aahet aanee tyanchyakade sarvajanik paya, nagri karyalay aanee sarvajanik uttardayitva asane aavashyak aahe.
rajya kayada.
united statesmadhil vishesh jilhe rajya kayadyanusar (ektar ghatanatmak durusti, samanya kayada kinwa vishesh kayade) sarkarchya kahee staradvare sthapan kele jaatat aanee serve rajyanmadhye astitvat aahet. vishesh jilhe heey kiman kahee corporate adhikaransah kayadeshiraritya swatantra sanstha aahet. vidhimandal karvai, nyayalayin karvai kinwa sarvajanik janamatadvare jilhe tayar kele jaatat. vishesh jilha tayar karnyachya karyapaddhatinmadhye yachika, sunavani, matdar kinwa jaminmalakachi manjuri kinwa sarkari manjuri yasarkhya prakriyancha samavesh asoo shakato. aadivasi sarkare rajya kayadyanusar vishesh jilhe tayar karoo shakatat aanee vishesh jilhyanchya mandalavar kaam karoo shakatat.
sarvajanik sanstha.
serve sarvajanik sansthanpramanech vishesh jilhyanmadhyehi sarvajanik paya aahe. yuu chey aitihasik prakaran.ess. sarvoch nyayalayane sarvajanik viruddha khajgi sanade sambodhit kele hote, "dartmouth college wii. 1819 madhye woodward dartmouth yanni sarvajanik aanee khajgi sansthanmadhil moolbhut farak sthapit kele. gambhirpane, sarkari kshetratil serve lokanni kinwa tyanchya sarkari pratinidhinni sarkarchi sthapana kelee pahije.
nagri karyalay.
vishesh jilhyanmadhye kahee prakarche nagri karyalay asate, mhanje mandalala rajyakadoon sarvbhoum satteche pratinidhimandal midale aahe. kahee mandale keval jamindarankadunach niyukt kelee jaau shakatat. khajgi sanstha vishesh jilhyatil kahee kinwa serve sadasyanchi niyukti karoo shakatat; tathapi, nagri padacha purava asane aavashyak aahe. khajgi niyukt mandal asalelya vishesh jilhyanvyatirikt, vishesh jeelhyat khajgiritya sthapan kelele mandal asoo shakate; tathapi, asha mandalala curr nishchit karnyacha adhikar deela jaau shakat nahee.
jababdari.
nagrik-sarkar yanchyat vittiy jababdariche sambandh aahet. vishesh jilhyanchi jababdari rakhanyasathi, rajyanni antim niyantran rakhale pahije (konatyahi velee adhikrut kayada radd karnyacha adhikar). sarvajanik paya aanee asha prakare, antim niyantranamule, rajya swatantrapane sarvbhoum shakti (jase qee curr bharnyacha adhikar) vishesh jilhyanna sopavoo shakate aanee tyanna qamee dekharekhikhali swayattapane kaam karanyachi parvanagi deu shakate.
itihas.
united statesmadhil sarvat junya vishesh jilhyambaddal farach qamee mahitee upalabdh aahe. 18 vya shatkat udyan jilhe astitvat hote heey dnyat aahe. toll road aanee kalwa mahamandal mahamandal shatkat astitvat hote. sinchan jilhyanna adhikrut karnara pahila samanya kayada california 1887 madhye swikarla.ess. janganana vibhagane 1942 madhye vishesh jilhyanchi olakh patavanyas aanee tyanchi mahitee gola karnyas suruvat kelee.
ingraji pratha.
united statesmadhil vishesh jilhe ingraji pratheche palan karatat. vishesh uddesh pradhikarananna adhikrut karnara englandmadhil sarvat juna samanya kayada mhanje 1532 chaa sandpanyacha kayada. tyaa velee vaiyaktik sanadedware tayar kelele ekal uddesh adhikari dekhil astitvat hote. tathapi, suruvatiche adhikari tatpurte hote aanee sthanik sarkari sanrachaneshi tyancha sambandh navhata. sthanik sarkaranshi sambandhit kayamswarupi kayamswarupi adhikrut karnare pahile kayade heey garibanche samavisht palak hote, jeey 17 vya shatkat vishesh kayadyandvare tayar karnyat aale hote. turnpike trust heey englandmadhil suruvatiche aanee lokpriy vishesh uddesh pradhikaran hote. antargat jalnissaran mandale hii ingland aanee velsachya kahee bhaganmadhye sadhyachi udaharane aahet.
cull.
vishesh jilhyanchya sankhyet eleanoy rajya deshat aaghadivar asoon california jawal jawal aahe. tyanchya vishesh jilhyanchi rajya ganana sanghiy sankhyepeksha vegali asoo shakate kaaran rajyanmadhye yuu. peksha vishesh jilhyachya vegvegalya vyakhya asoo shakatat.ess. janganana karyalay.
udaharane.
khaleel serve udaharane yuu. laa sapadali aahet.ess. janganana vibhag vishesh jilhe asateel. sarkari sarkari sansthanchya prakashananchi janganana depository librarymadhye pahaa kinwa bhet dyah//janganana.sarkar aanee sarkari vibhag nivada.

