maleshiyacha itihas

maleshiya heey eka mokyachya sagari margavar vasalele aahe, jeey tyala jaagtik vyapar aanee vividh sanskratinna samavoon ghete. maleshiya' hii eka aadhunik sankalpana aahe, jee rahile shatkachya uttaradhat tayar karnyat aalee. tathapi, samkalin maleshiya hajaro varshanpurvipasun pragaitihasik kalaparyantcha malay aanee borneocha sampoorn itihas swatacha itihas mhanoon pahato.
yaa kshetracha prarambhik pashchatya tapasheel tolemichya 'geographia' yaa pustakat disato, jyamadhye aanee shatkatil 'golden chersonies' chaa ullekh aahe, jyala aata malay dweepkalp mhanoon olakhale jaate. bharat aanee chinmadhil hindu dharm aanee bauddha dharm prarambhik pradeshik itihasavar varchasva gajavat sumatra-aadharit srivijay sanskratichya karkirdit tyanchya shikharavar pohochala, jyacha prabhav sumatra, paschim jaava, purv bornio aanee malay dweepkalpat aahe teey uday shatkaparyant vistarla.
vistarla shatkachya suruvatilach malay dweepkalpat islamne aapale prarambhik astitva prasthapit kele, parantu chorale shatkatach yaa dharmane kiman darbari uchchabhru lokanmadhye ghattapane mule midavali, jyat anek saltanatincha uday jhaala; sarvat pramukh mhanje malakka saltanat aanee brunei saltanat.
1511 madhye malakka tabyat gheuun malay dweepkalp aanee aagney aashiyavar swatahla prasthapit karnari portugij hii pahili european vasahatvadi shakti hotee. yaa ghatanemule johor aanee perak yasarkhya anek saltanatinchi sthapana jhaali. saltanat teey banavale shatkadarmyan vadhalelya dutch varchasvamule, johorchya madatine madatine malakka tabyat ghetale. samanyatah shatkat, ingrajanni jesselton, cooching, penang aanee singapur yethe tall sthapan kelyanantar, shevati sampoorn pradeshat, jeey aata maleshiya aahe, varchasva midavale. 1824 chya anglo-dutch kararane british malay aanee dutch east indies (jeey indoneshiya banale) yanchyatil seema paribhashit kelya aanee 1909 chya anglo-siamis kararane british malay aanee siyam (jeey thayaland banale) yanchyatil seema paribhashit kelya. paradeshi prabhavacha chautha tappa mhanje malay dweepkalp aanee borneomadhil vasahatvadi arthvyavasthene nirman kelelya garja purn karnyasathi chiinii aanee bharatiy kamgaranchya sthalantaranchi laat hotee.
aanee mahayuddhadarmyan japani aakramanamule malayatil british rajvat sampushtat aalee. tyanantar 1942 teey 1945 yaa kalat malay, uttar bornio aanee saravak yaa pradeshanvar jhalelya aakramana mule rashtravadachi laat usalali. mitrarashtranni japanchya samrajyacha parabhav kelyanantar, 1946 madhye british prashasanane malay sanghachi sthapana kelee. sanyukt maleshiya rashtriy sanghatanechya (umno) netrutvakhalil vanshik maleshiyatil virodhanantar, 1948 madhye malay mahasangh mhanoon sangharajyachi punarrachana karnyat aalee. dweepkalpat, malay communist pakshane (emm. see. pii.) britishanviruddha shastre uchalali aanee tanavamule 1948 teey 1960 yaa 12 varshansathi aanibanichi ghoshana karnyat aalee. communist bandkhorila jordar lashkari pratisad, tyanantar 1955 madhye jhalelya balling charchemule, 31 august 1957 roji britishanshi rajnaitik vataghati karoon malay swatantrya midale. tunku abdul rahman heey maleshiyache pahile pantpradhan jhaale. 1960 madhye aanibanichi sthitee uthavanyat aalee jevha communist chhapamar sainyane malay aanee thayalandachya simevar maghar ghetalyane tyancha dhoka qamee jhaala.
16 september 1963 roji, maleshiya, singapur, saravak aanee uttar bornio (sabah) yaa mahasanghanchya vilinikaranantar maleshiya mahasanghachi sthapana jhaali. tathapi, august 1965 madhye singapurla mahasanghatun hakaloon denyat aale aanee too eka swatantra swatantra desh banala. 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila indoneshiyabarobar sangharsh jhaala. 1969 madheel vanshik dangalimule aanibani lagoo jhaali, sansad sthagit jhaali aanee 1970 madhye aine. oo. see. neey rukun negarachi ghoshana kelee, jeey nagarikanmadhye ektela protsahan denare rashtriy tatvadnyan hote. 1971 madhye naveen aarthik dhoran (nepa) sweekarle gele aanee 1991 paryant teey lagoo rahile. tyat garibeeche uchchatan aanee aarthik karyasah vansh olakhane door karnyasathi samajachi punarrachana karnyacha prayatna keela gela.
pantpradhan mahathir mohammed yanchya netrutvakhali 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatis deshat vegwan aarthik vikas aanee shaharikaranacha kaal hota. arthvyavastha krishi aadharit asanyapeksha utpadan aanee udhyogavar aadharit jhaali. tyanchya karyakalat, 1991 teey 2000 yaa kalat purvichya aarthik dhorananantar rashtriy vikas dhoran (aine. dii. pii.) aale. 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat ashiyai aarthik sankatamule deshavar parinam jhaala, jyamule tyanche chalan, sambhag aanee malmatta bajar jawaljawal kosalale; tathapi, nantar teey punha savarale.
barisan national (bii. aine.) yuteene 1973 pasoon 2018 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit paktan harpan (pii. etch.) yutikadoon parabhoot hoiparyant maleshiyavar rajya kele hote. 2020 chya suruvatila, maleshiya rajkiy sankatatoon gela, jyacha parinam ph prashasana kosalanyat aanee perikatan national (pn) yutichi sthapana karnyat jhaala. yaa kalat covid-19 mahamarisah rajkiy, aarogya, samajik aanee aarthik sankat nirman jhaale. 2022 chya sarvatrik nivadanukimule deshachya itihasatil pahili trishanku sansad jhaali aanee dirghkal sudharvadi rahilele anvar ibrahim 24 november 2022 roji maleshiyache pantpradhan jhaale.
pragaitihasik.
suruvatichya hominoidsmadhil dagadi haat haat, bahudha homo erects, lenggongmadhye sapadalya aahet. teey 18.3 laakh varshe june aahet, jeey aagney aashiyatil hominid vastichya puravyanpaiki sarvat junya tukadyanpaiki eka aahe.
maleshiyatil aadhunik manvi adhivasacha sarvat juna purava mhanje aajchya sarvakmadhil niah guhanmadhun utkhananat sapadaleli 40,000 varshe junie kavati, jyala 'khol kavati' asey topananav aahe. 1958 madhye barbara aanee tomm harrison (eka british vanshikshastradnya) yanni sapadalelya khol khandkatoon tyache utkhanan karnyat aale hote. hii aagney aashiyatil sarvat junya aadhunik manvi kavatinpaiki eka aahe. kavati bahudha 16 teey 17 varshe vayogatatil mulichi hotee. 40,000 varshanpurvi jevha bornio aagney ashiyachya mukhya bhoomishi jodala gela hota, tevha pahilya shikarini niah lenyanchya paschim mukhala (mirichya nairutyela sthit) bhet dilee hotee. niah guhanchya sabhovatalacha bhupradesh aatachya tulanet adhik korada aanee adhik ughad hota. pragaitihasikdrushtya, niah lenyanna zudape, udyane, daldalichi jameen aanee nadya asha bund jangalanni vedhalele hote. shikar, masemari aanee molsk aanee khadya vanaspati gola karoon charke varshavanat tikoon rahoo shakale. yaa bhagat madhyapashan aanee navpashan kalatil daphan sthalehi sapadali aahet. niah guhanchya sabhovatalachya bhagala niah rashtriy udyan mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale aahe.
ashiyai anuvanshashastracha abhyas yaa kalpanekade nirdesh karato qee purv aashiyatil mool manav aagney aashiyatun aale hote. malaysiamadhye sapadalela sarvat juna sampoorn sangada mhanje 1991 madhye sapadalela 11,000 varshancha perak manus. dweepkalpavaril sthanik gatanna negrito, senoi aanee proto-malay yaa teen vanshik gatanmadhye vibhagale jaau shakate. malay dweepkalpatil pahile rahivasi bahudha negrito hote. heey madhyapashan shikari bahudha semang yaa vanshik negrito gatache purvaj hote, jyanna malay dweepkalpat dirgh itihas aahe.
senoi haah eka sammishra gut asalyache disate, jyat matechya mitochondrial dna vanshatil andaje ardhe semangchya purvajankade aanee ardhe indochinmadhun nantarchya purvajanchya sthalantarakade valatat. vidwan asey suchavatat qee teey suruvatichya austroasiatic bhashik shetkaranche vanshaj aahet, jyanni tyanchi bhasha aanee tyanche tantradnyan donhi sumare 4,000 varshanpurvi dweepkalpachya dakshin bhagat aanale. tyanni sthanik loksankhyeshi ekjoot kelee aanee ekatra aale.
proto malaysiansche mool adhik vaividhyapurn aahe aanee teey austronesian vistaramule ii. sha. puu. 1000 paryant malaysiamadhye sthayik jhaale hote. jaree tyanche sagari aagney aashiyatil itar rahivashanshi kahee sambandh asale taree, kahinche indochinmadhye dekhil purvaj aahet, jeey kamal 20,000 varshanpurvichya shevatchya himanadyadarmyan hote. manavvanshashastradnya yaa kalpanela pathimba detat qee proto-maleshincha ugam aajchya yunnan, chinmadhun jhaala aahe. tyanantar malay dweepkalpatun malay dweepsamuhat prarambhik-holocene prasaran jhaale. ii. sha. puu. 300 chya sumaras, tyanna deutero-maleshiyane antardeshiy bhagant dhakalale hote, lohyug kinwa kansyayugatil lock anshatah kambodiya aanee vhietanamchya chammadhun aale hote. dhatuchi sadhane vaparnara dweepkalpatil pahila gut, deutero-malay heey aajchya malaysian maleshiyatil thet purvaj hote aanee tyanni tyanchyabarobar pragat shetee tantre aanali. jaree eka samaan sanskruti aanee samajik rachana samayik hotee, taree sampoorn malay dweepsamuhat malay rajkiyadrushtya vighatit rahile.
suruvatichi hindu-bauddha rajye.
ii. sha. chya pahilya sahasrabdimadhye, malay dweepkalpavaril pramukh vanshik banale. sthapan jhalelya chhotya suruvatichya rajyanvar, aagney aashiyatil bahutansh rajyanpramanech, bharatiy sanskraticha motha prabhav hota. yaa pradeshatil bharatiy prabhav kiman ii. sha. puu. teey shatkatil aahe. dakshin bharatiy sanskraticha prasar dakshin bharatiy pallav rajgharanyane chauthya aanee pachvya shatkat aagney ashiyamadhye keela.
bharat aanee chinbarobar vyapar.
pracheen bharatiy sahityat, 'suvarnadvip' ('suvarn dweepkalp') haah shabd 'ramayan' madhye vaparla jaato; kahincha assa yuktivad aahe qee haah malay dweepkalpacha sandarbh aahe. pracheen bharatiy grunth 'vayu puran' madhye 'malaydweep' navachya jaagecha dekhil ullekh aahe jithe sonyachya khanee aadhalu shakatat; hii sandnya sumatra aanee malay dweepkalpacha sandarbh deu shakate. tolemichya nakashavar malay dweepkalpala 'golden chersonies' mhanoon dakhavale gele hote. tyane malakkachya samudradhunicha ullekh 'sinus subricus' assa keela.
chean aanee bharatashi vyapari sambandh ii. sha. puu. pahilya shatkat prasthapit jhaale. hahn rajvanshachya dakshinela jhalelya vistaranantar pahilya shatkatil borneomadhye chiinii matichya bhandyanche tukade sapadale aahet. pahilya sahasrakachya suruvatichya shatkanmadhye, malay dweepkalpatil lokanni hindu aanee bauddha dharmache bharatiy dharm sweekarle, jyacha malaysiamadhye malaysiamadhye lokanchi bhasha aanee sanskrativar motha parinam jhaala. sanskrut lekhan pranalicha vapar chauthya shatkachya suruvatilach keela jaat hota.
prarambhik rajye rajye shatak).
sha aanee aanee shatkat pramukhyane malay dweepkalpachya purvekadil bhagat 30 paryant anek malay rajye hotee. malay dweepkalpat sthit asalyache dnyat asalelya sarvat junya rajyanpaiki eka mhanje uttar malay dweepkalpat vasalele aanee paschim selangorchya kuthetari vasalele pracheen langkasuka rajya. 6 vya shatkaparyant uttar maleshiyachya kahee bhaganvar rajya pakshantar kambodiyatil funanshi tyacha jawalcha sambandh hota. asat shatkat, pahang rajyacha ullekh 'geet pustak' madhye karnyat aala hota. yashivay, chee tuu aanee paan paan hii dweepkalpachya ishanyes asaleli junie rajye hotee asey manale jaate.
gangga negara.
ganga negara' heey 'malay itihas' madhye namood kelele eka ardh-pauranik hindu rajya asalyache manale jaate, jyat rajganga shaah johann haah eka raja mhanoon asalelya maleshiyachya perak rajyatil sadhyachya baruva, dinding aanee manjung yancha samavesh hota. ganga negara mhanje sanskratmadhye 'gangevareel shahar'. pauranik 'hikayat merong mahavangsa' nusar, gangaga negarachi sthapana merong mahavangsacha mulga raja ganji sarjuna yane kelee hotee, joou kathitpane alekzandar daad gretcha vanshaj hota kinwa khamer royalteene aanee shatkachya uttaradhat kelee hotee.
1849 madhye curnell james loow yanni aanee eka shatkanantar etch.jee. kwarich wells. sangrahalay aanee puratan vastoo vibhagachya mhananyanusar, donhi sanshodhakanni sahmati darshavali qee qee shatkachya darmyan ganga negara samrajya astitvat hote parantu nemke thikan nishchit karoo shakale naheet. anek varshanpasun varshanpasun pracheen rajyanmadhil manalya olakhalya kalakruti shodhun kadhalya hotya, jyapaiki bahutansh vastoo baruas sangrahalayat pradarshit kelya aahet. pradarshanat asalelya kalakrutinmadhye 128 kilo vajanachi tof, talwari, criss, nanee, tinche dhage, barani, ming rajgharanyatil matichi bhandi aanee itar vividh kalkhandancha samavesh aahe. teey asat aanee aanee shatkatil asoo shakatat.
juna keda.
greek bhoogolvetta tolemy yane suvarn chersoni lokambaddal lihile hote, jeey soochit karate qee bharat aanee chinbarobarcha vyapar isavi sunn sunn shatkapasoon astitvat hota. yaa kalat, astitvat asalelya kinarpattivaril shahar-rajyanche jaale indochin dweepkalpacha dakshin bhag aanee malay dweepsamuhacha paschim bhag vyapate. yaa kinarpattivaril shaharanche chinashi chaloo asalele vyapari tasech upanadi sambandh hote, tyach velee teey bharatiy bharatiy satat samparkat hote. tyanni eka samaan sthanik sanskruti samayik kelyache disate.
haloohaloo, dweepsamuhatil paschim bhagatil rajyakartyanni bharatiy sanskrutik aanee rajkiy pratimancha avalamb keela. palembang (dakshin sumatra) aanee banka betavar sapadalele malayachya swarupat aanee pallav lipitoon aalelya varnamalanmadhye lihilele teen shilalekh, heey purave aahet qee dweepsamuhane tyanchi sthanik bhasha aanee samajik vyavastha kayam thevat bharatiy pratikruti swikarlya hotya. yaa shilalekhanmadhun shrivijayachya 'dapanta hyang' (swami) chey astitva ughad hote, jyane aaplya shatrunviruddha mohimeche netrutva kele aanee joou tyachya kayadyache palan karnar nahee tyanna shaap deto.
chean aanee dakshin bharat yanchyatil sagari vyapar margavar asalyane, malay dweepkalp yaa vyaparat guntalela hota. bujang khore, dhoranatmakdrushtya malakka samudradhunichya vayavya praveshdvaravar tasech bangalchya upasagarashi tond karoon vasalele asalyane, chiinii aanee dakshin bharatiy vyapari satat yethe yet asat. asat teey teey shatkatil vyapari matichi bhandi, shilpe, shilalekh aanee smarakanchya shodhamule heey siddha jhaale.
kedahmadhye, bauddha aanee hindu prabhav darshavnare avashesh aahet jeey cole yanni nondavalelya shodhanpasun sumare eka shatkapasoon dnyat aahet. qamee aanee alikadech kwarich velsdware velsdware sampoorn tapasani kelee gelee aahe. welsney kedahchya aaspaschya kiman 30 thikananchi tapasani kelee.
aayatakruti aakarachya koralelya dagadi pattivar 7 vya shatkatil pallav lipitil 'yeey-dharm' sootra aahe, asha prakare mandirachya bauddha swarupachi ghoshana hote, jyapaiki keval talgharach astitvat aahe. 6 vya shatkatil pallav lipit teen teen teey koralele aahe.
srivijay (7 weey-13 weey shatak).
aahe aanee uday shatkachya darmyan, malay dweepkalpacha barachsa bhag bauddha srivijay samrajyachya adhipatyakhali hota. shrivijayachya samrajyachya madhyabhagi asalele prashasti hujung langit heey thikan, purvekadil sumatramadhil nadichya mukhajaval, jeey aata palembang, indoneshiya aahe, tyajaval aahe asey manale jaate. aahe shatkat, 'shilifoshi' navachya eka naveen bandaracha ullekh aahe aanee heey shrivijayache chiinii bhashantar asalyache manale jaate. sahaa shatkanhun adhik kaal shrivijayachya maharajanni sagari samrajyavar rajya kele jeey dweepsamuhatil mukhya shakti banale. heey samrajya vyaparavar aadharit hote, sthanik raje (dhatu kinwa samuday nete) jeey paraspar fayadhyasathi prabhushi nishtha thevanyachi shapath ghet asat. 1025 madhye chola rajvanshane palembang tabyat ghetale, raja aanee darbaryansah tyachya kutumbatil serve sadasyanni tyanchi serve sampatti hiravoon ghetali; 12 vya shatkachya akheris srivijay heey eka rajyat qamee jhaale hote, 1288 madhye shevatcha shasak, ranee sekerumong, jichyavar vijay midavala aanee teela ulthoon taknyat aale hote. shrivijayachya adhinastha asalelya majapahitne lavkarach pradeshik rajkiy kshetrat varchasva gajavale.
chola samrajyashi sambandh.
raja raja chola pahila yachya karkirdit srivijay aanee dakshin bharatatil chola samrajya yanchyatil sambandh maitripurna hote, parantu rajendra chola pahila yachya karkirdit chola samrajyane srivijay shaharanvar aakraman kele (srivijayavaril chola aakraman pahaa). 1025 aanee 1026 madhye, tameel samrat, chola samrajyacha rajendra chola pahila, jyane aata kota jelangi nasht kelee asey manale jaate, tyane gang negaravar hallah keela. 1025 madhye cholanni kedahvar (tamilmadhye 'kadaram' mhanoon olakhale jaanare) aakraman kele. aanee aakramanache netrutva chola rajvanshachya virarajendra cholane kele, jyane 11 vya shatkachya uttaradhat kedah jinkla. jyeshth cholancha uttaradhikari veer rajendra cholala itar aakramankartyanna ulthoon taknyasathi keda bandkhori padavi lagali. cholanchya aagamanane shrivijayache vaibhav qamee jhaale, jyacha keda, pattani aanee ligorparyant prabhav hota. kulothunga chola pahila yachya karkirdit, karkirdit shatkachya uttaradhat srivijay prant kedahvar chola adhipatyachi sthapana jhaali. madhyayugeen kalatil malay lokanvar chola samratanchya mohimecha itka motha prabhav hota qee madhyayugeen malay itihas sejarah melayamadhye tyanchya navacha bhrasht swarupat raja chulan mhanoon ullekh karnyat aala hota. aajahi, malaysiamadhye chola rajvatiche smaran kele jaate kaaran anek malaysian rajkumaranchi nave cholan kinwa chulanane sampatat, tyapaiki eka raja chulan navacha perakcha raja hota.
ii. sha. sha shatkatil 'pattinapalai' yaa tamil kavitet chola rajdhanichya rund rastyanvar dhigbhar asalelya kedaramchya vastunche varnan kele aahe. aahe shatkatil bharatiy natak 'kaumudhimahotsav' madhye kedahcha ullekh katah-nagri assa keela aahe. agni puran' madhye anda-kataha mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya pradeshacha ullekh aahe, jyachya eka simevar eka shikharane rekhatalele aahe, jeey vidvananna gunung jerai vatate. katasaritsagaram' madheel katha katahmadhil jivanachya abhijatateche varnan karatat. ligorchya bauddha rajyane thodyach velat kedahvar taba midavala. tyacha raja chandrabhanu yane 11 vya shatkat srilankevar hallah karnyasathi tyacha paya mhanoon vapar keela aanee uttarekadil bhaganvar rajya kele, hii ghatana tamilanadutil nagpattinammadhil dagadi shilalekh aanee shrilankechya itihasatil 'mahavansh' madhye namood aahe.
ghat aanee vighatan.
kahee vela khamer rajya, siyami rajya aanee agadi chola rajyane dekhil chhotya malay rajyanvar niyantran thevanyacha prayatna keela. keela shatkapasoon rajdhani aanee tichya samantanmadhil sambandh tutalyane shrivijayachi shakti qamee jhaali. jawani lokambarobarchya yuddhanmule tyanni chinkade madatichi vinanti kelee aanee bharatiy rajyanshihi yuddh jhalyacha sanshay aahe. 11 vya shatkat satteche kendra malayu yethe halavanyat aale, jeey bandar bahudha sumatran sumatran jambi nadijaval aahe. islamchya prasaramule bauddha maharajanchi shakti aanakhi qamee jhaali. jeey bhag lavkar islammadhye rupantarit jhaale hote, jase qee aacheh, teey shrivijayachya niyantranapasun door gele. uday shatkachya uttaradhat, sukhothaichya siyami rajanni bahutek malay aaplya adhipatyakhali aanale hote. 14 vya shatkat hindu majapahit samrajya yaa dweepkalpachya tabyat aale.
1949 madhye tomm harrisonne kelelya utkhananat santubong yethe (kuchingjaval) chiinii matichya bhandyanchi eka malika sapadali jee tang aanee song rajvanshachya kalatil aahe. tyaa kalat santubong heey saravakmadhil eka mahattvache bandar asanyachi shakyata aahe, parantu yuan rajvanshachya kalat tyache mahatva qamee jhaale aanee ming rajvanshachya kalat heey bandar nirjan jhaale. saravakmadhil itar puratatva sthale saravakchya kapit, song, syrian aanee bauu jilhyanmadhye aadhalu shakatat.
malay itihas" nusar, srivijayan mandalache naveen sarvoch sthan mhanoon sang sapurba navachya naveen shaskala badhati denyat aalee. asey mhatale jaate qee tyane aaplya done lahan bhavansah seguntang tekadivar pravesh kelyanantar, sang sapurbane palembangcha mool shasak demang lebber daunashi pavitra karar keela. tyanantar navyane sthapit jhalela sarvbhoum seguntangchya tekadivarun moosi nadichya mothya maidanamadhye utarala, jithe tyane sthanik pramukh demang lebber daunachi mulgi vaan sendari hichyashi vivah keela. sang sapurba yanni minangkabauchya pradeshat rajya kele asey mhatale jaate.
1324 madhye, srivijay rajkumarane neela utama gayoon singapur (temasek) rajyachi sthapana kelee. paramparenusar, too sapoorb ganyashi sambandhit hota. tyane 48 varshe temasekvar niyantran rakhale. 1366 chya sumaras chiinii samratachya dutane tyala temasekcha shasak mhanoon manyata dilee. tyacha mulga paduka shree pekarma veera diraja (1372-1386) aanee natoo, paduka seree raana veera kerma (1386-1399) heey tyache uttaradhikari jhaale. 1401 madhye, shevatcha shasak, paduka shree maharaja parameshwar yala majapahit kinwa ayutthayatil sainyane temasekmadhun hakaloon dile. nantar tyane uttarekade kooch kele aanee 1402 madhye malakka saltanatichi sthapana kelee. malakka saltanatane dweepsamuhatil malay rajkiy astitva mhanoon srivijay samrajyacha uttaradhikari mhanoon kaam kele.
muslim rajyancha uday.
uday shatkat arabi aanee bharatiy bharatiy malay dweepsamuhat islam aala, jyamule hindu dharm aanee bauddha dharmache yug sampushtat aale. too haloohaloo yaa pradeshat aala aanee samanya lokanmadhye pasarnyapurvi too uchchabhru lokancha dharm banala. maleshiyatil islamche samanvayatmak swaroop purvichya dharmanni prabhavit hote aanee moolatah teey rudhivadi navhate.
malakkan saltanat.
sthapana.
malay dweepkalpachya paschim paschim malakka bandarachi sthapana 1400 madhye parameshwar yaa srivijay rajkumarane kelee hotee, joou temasek (aata singapur) yethoon paloon gela hota, visheshtah parameshwar chhalapasun vachanyasathi temasekala gela hota. tethe too patanicha malay pramukh temagi yachya sanrakshanakhali aala, jyala siyamchya rajane temasekcha rajpratinidhi mhanoon niyukt kele hote. kahee divasantach parameshwarane temgichi hatya kelee aanee swatahla rajpratinidhi mhanoon niyukt kele. sumare paach varshannantar, siyamchya dhamkyanmule tyala temasek sodawa lagla. yaa kalat, majapahitchya jawani naudalachya tafyane temasekvar hallah keela.
parameshwar naveen vasahat shodhanyasathi uttarekade nighala. muur yethe parameshwarane tyache naveen rajya ektar biyavak busuk kinwa kota buruk yethe basavanyacha vichar keela. muaarche sthan yogya nasalyache lakshat aalyanantar tyane uttarekade aapala pravas suru thewala. vatet, tyane bertum nadichya (melaka nadiche purviche naav) tondajavalil masemarichya gavat pohochanyapurvi senning ujongla (sadhyachya sangai ujongche purviche naav) bhet dilee aanee malakka saltanatchi sthapana kelee. kalantarane heey aadhunik kalatil malakka shahar mhanoon vikasit jhaale. malay itihas' nusar, yethe parameshwarane eka under haranala eka malakka zadakhali vishranti ghet asalelya kutryala mage takat pahile. heey shubh lakshan mhanoon gheuun tyane malakka navache rajya sthapan karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyane vyaparasathi suvidha ubharalya aanee sudharlya. malakka saltanat heey samanyatah dweepkalpatil pahile swatantra rajya manale jaate.
1404 madhye, edmiral yinn king yanchya netrutvakhalil pahila adhikrut chiinii vyapar doot malakkamadhye aala. nantar, parameshwarala tyachya yashasvi bhetit zheng heey aanee itar dutanni sobat dile. malakkachya mingshi asalelya sambandhanmule malakkala siyam aanee majapahit aanee malakka yanchya hallyanpasoon sanrakshn midale aanee ming chinache snrakshak mhanoon adhikrutpane sadar karnyat aale. yamule chean aanee bharat, madhya purv, africa aanee europe yanchyatil vyapar margavar malakkacha eka pramukh vyapar karar mhanoon vikas honyas protsahan midale. malakkan samrajya siyami aanee majapahitchya tabyat yeu naye yasathi tyane sanrakshanasathi chinchya ming rajvanshashi sambandh prasthapit kele. yaa sambandhanchya sthapanenantar, malakka entrepotchi samruddhi nantar pahila chiinii abhyagat, maa huan yane nondavali, jyane edmiral zheng heey yanchyasobat pravas keela. chorale shatkachya suruvatila malakkamadhye, ming chinane bharatiy mahasagaratil tyanchya khajinyachya samudraparyatanansathi eka vyavsayik kendra aanee kamacha paya vikasit karnyacha sakriy prayatna keela. malakka haah tulanene alp mahattvacha pradesh hota, maa huan aanee fei sheen yaa donhi prakarannusar samudraparyatananpurvi rajkiyadrushtya patrahi navhata aanee too siamcha eka samanti pradesh hota. 1405 madhye, ming darbarane edmiral zheng heey yanna malakkachya paschim dongravar eka dagadi fiti tasech bandaracha darja deshaparyant unchavanari shahee aurder pathavali. chiinii lokanni tyanchya sainikansathi tatbandi asaleli chhawani mhanoon sarkari depo (ÂÂ) dekhil sthapan keela. maa huan yanni nondavale qee tyanantar siyamane malakkavar aakraman karnyache dhadas kele nahee. 1411 madhye parameshwarasarkhe malakkache shasak chiinii samratala pratyaksh khandani dett asat.
chinmadhil ming rajvanshacha samrat vyapar vadhavanyasathi jahajanche taale pathvat hota. edmiral zheng yanni malakkala bhet dilee aanee malakkacha vaidh shasak mhanoon tyanchya padachi manyata mhanoon, chinala paratalyavar parameshwarala aaplyabarobar aanale. niyamit khandanichya badalyat, chiinii samratane siyami hallyachya satatchya dhokyapasun melakache sanrakshn deu kele. tyachya mokyachya sthanamule, malakka haah zhengchya tafyasathi eka mahattvacha thamba hota. chinchya sahbhagamule, malakka itar mahattvachya aanee prasthapit bandaranna eka pramukh paryay mhanoon vikasit jhaala hota. yaa kalachya aadhi aanee tyadarmyan malay dweepkalpat sthayik jhalele chiinii aanee bharatiy heey aajchya baba-ninya aanee chitty samudayanche purvaj aahet. eka siddhantanusar, parameshwar jevha pasaichya rajkumarishi vivahabaddha jhaala tevha too muslim jhaala aanee tyane swatahla iskandar shaah mhanat fashionable pertian padvi "shaah" ghetali. chiinii itihasamadhye namood kele aahe qee 1414 madhye, malakkachya pahilya shasakacha mulga ming samratala bhetala aanee tyanna tyachya vadilanche nidhan jhalyache sangitale. parameshwarchya mulala nantar chiinii samratane melakacha dusra shasak mhanoon adhikrutpane manyata dilee aanee raaj shree raam vikram, temasek aanee malakkachya parameshwarcha raja mhanoon tyachi shaili kelee aanee too tyachya muslim prajanmadhye sultan shree iskandar zulkarnain shaah (megat iskandar shaah) mhanoon olakhala jaat asey. tyane 1414 teey 1424 paryant malakkavar rajya kele. bharatiy muslimanchya prabhavamule aanee kahee pramanat, chinmadhil hui lokanchya prabhavamule, 15 vya shatkat islam adhikadhik prachalit jhaala.
malakkacha uday.
prarambhik kalat ayutthayala khandani dilyanantar, rajyane purvi shrivijayachya tabyat asalele sthan vegane sweekarle, chinashi swatantra sambandh prasthapit kele aanee chean-bharat sagari vyaparavar niyantran thevanyasathi samudradhunivar varchasva gajavanyasathi aaplya sthiticha fayda ghetala, joou mangolanchya vijayanni chean aanee paschim yanchyatil bhupradesh marg bund kelyanantar adhikadhik mahattvacha jhaala.
tyachya sthapanechya kahee varshantach malakkane adhikrutpane islam swikarla. parameshwar muslim jhaala aanee malakka muslim rajkumaranchya adhipatyakhali asalyamule chorale shatkat malayanche islammadhye dharmantar vegwan jhaale. malakka saltanatichya rajkiy samarthyane dweepsamuhat islamcha zapatyane prasar honyas madat jhaali. yaa kalat malakka heey eka mahattvache vyavsayik kendra hote, jeey yaa pradeshatoon vyapar aakarshit karat hote. prabhav shatkachya suruvatiparyant, malay dweepkalpatil malakka saltanat aanee sumatrachya kahee bhaganmadhye, javamadhil demak saltanat aanee malay dweepsamuhatil itar rajye adhikadhik islammadhye rupantarit hott asatana, too malayanmadhye pramukh dharm banala hota aanee aadhunik kalatil phillipinesparyant pohochala hota, jyamule baalee aaj hindu dharmachi eka vegali chauki mhanoon urali aahe. malakkamadhil sarkar saranjami vyavasthevar aadharit hote.
malakkache rajya eka shatkapeksha thode adhik kaal tikale, parantu yaa kalat malay sanskratiche sthapit kendra banale. bhavishyatil bahutek malay rajyancha ugam yach kalapasoon jhaala. sthanik malay aanee aayat kelelya bharatiy, chiinii aanee islami ghatakanche mishran, aadhunik malay sanskraticha eka samooh tayar karoon malakka heey eka sanskrutik kendra banale. sahitya, qalaa, sangeet, nrutya aanee poshakhatil malakkache fashion aanee tyachya shahee darbaratil alankrut shirshake, serve vanshik malayansathi manak mhanoon pahili jaau lagali. malakkachya darbarane malay bhashelahi mothee pratishtha dilee, jee moolatah sumatramadhye vikasit jhaali hotee aanee tichya sthapanechya velee malakkamadhye aanali gelee hotee. jaree sthanik bhasha anek thikani tikoon rahilya, taree kalantarane malay hii serve malaysian rajyanchi adhikrut bhasha bunley. malakkachya patananantar bruneiche saltanat heey islamche pramukh kendra banale.
malakkenantarchi saltanati.
chorale shatkapasoon portugijanni ashiyakade sagari marg shodhanyas suruvat kelee. 1511 madhye, afonso dii albukarkane malayachya mohimeche netrutva kele jyane aagney aashiyatil upkramansathi tall mhanoon malakka vaparnyachya uddeshane too tabyat ghetala. aata jeey maleshiya aahe tyavarcha haah pahila vasahatvadi dawa hota. malakkachya shevatchya sulatanacha mulga alauddin raiyat shaah dusra dweepkalpachya dakshin tokala paloon gela, jithe tyane eka rajya sthapan kele jeey 1528 madhye johorche saltanat banale. aanee mulane uttarela perak saltanatichi sthapana kelee. portugijancha prabhav majboot hota, kaaran tyanni aakramakpane malakkachya loksankhyeche catholic dharmat rupantar karnyacha prayatna keela. 1571 madhye spanish lokanni manila tabyat ghetala aanee philipinesmadhye vasahat sthapan kelee, jyamule bruneichi satta qamee jhaali.
malakka portugalchya adhahpatananantar, dakshin malay dweepkalpavaril johor saltanat aanee uttar sumatratil aacheh saltanat hii mage rahileli vijechi pokali bharnyasathi pudhe gelee. teen shaktinni malay dweepkalpavar aanee aaspaschya betanvar varchasva gajavanyasathi sangharsh keela. darmyan, purv-paschim nauvahan marg mhanoon malakka samudradhuniche mahatva vadhat hote, tarr aagney aashiyatil bete swatach naisargik sansadhananche (dhatoo, masale ii.) maulyavan srot hotee.) jyanche rahivasi jaagtik arthvyavasthet aanakhi aakarshit hott hote.
1607 madhye, aacheh saltanat malay dweepsamuhatil sarvat shaktishali aanee shrimant rajya mhanoon udayas aale. sultan iskandar mudachya karkirdit saltanatiche niyantran anek malay rajyanvar vistarle gele. portugij vruttanusar, 1629 madhye malkkaviruddha iskandar mudachya vinashkari mohimedarmyan, portugij aanee johor sainyane ektritpane tyachya prachand tafyatil serve jahaje aanee 19,000 sainik nasht karnyat yash midavale.
saltanat shatkachya suruvatila dutch east india companychi ('verinigde ost-indische company' kinwa voke) sthapana jhaali. dachanchya pathimbyane, johorne malay rajyanvar shithil varchasva prasthapit kele, perak vagalata, jeey uttares siyami lokanviruddha johor kheloo shakale aanee aapale swatantrya kayam rakhale. dachanni malakkatil sthanik babinmadhye hastakshep keela nahee, parantu tyach velee bahutek vyapar javachya vasahatinkade valavala.
johor saltanat.
1511 madhye portugijanni malakka bandar shahar jinkanyapurvi johor haah malakkan saltanaticha bhag hota. tyachya unchivar asatana, saltanatine aadhunik kalatil johor, klang aanee linggi nadyanchya anek pradeshanvar niyantran thewale, singapur, bintan, riyau, lingga, karimun, bengli, kampar aanee sumatramadhil siyak. portugij aanee johor yanchyat prabhav shatkat varanvar sangharsh hott asey, tyanchya sangharshanpaiki sarvat ullekhaneey mhanje 1587 madhye johorla vedha ghalane. trikoni yuddhadarmyan, aacheh yane samudradhunivar aapali pakad majboot karnyasathi johor aanee portugij donhi sainyanviruddha anek chhape takale. aachehchya uday aanee vistaramule portugij aanee johor yanna aachehkade laksh valavanyasathi yuddhaviramavar swakshari karnyas protsahan midale. tathapi, haah yuddhaviram alpakalin hota aanee aacheh gambhirpane kamkuvat jhalyamule, johor aanee portugij punha ekmekanchya najares aale. iskandar mudachya rajvatit, aacheh yane 1613 madhye aanee punha 1615 madhye johorvar hallah keela.
saltanat shatkachya suruvatila dutch aagney ashiyamadhye pohochale. tyaveli dutch portugijanshi yuddh karat hote aanee tyanni swatah johorshi yutee kelee hotee. 1606 madhye edmiral cornellis matilif dii jonge aanee johorcha raja bongsu yanchyat done kararanvar kararavar karnyat aalya. sanyukt johor-dutch sainya shevati 1606 madhye malakka tabyat ghenyat ayashasvi tharale. shevati 1641 madhye, bendhara scudaichya netrutvakhalil dutch aanee johorne malakkachya ladhait portugijancha parabhav keela. dachanni malakkacha taba ghetala aanee pradesh naan shodhanyache kinwa johorshi yuddh naan karnyache manya kele. malakka yetheel killyane aatmasamarpan kele toparyant, shaharachi loksankhya dushkal aanee roganmule aadhich mothya pramanat nasht jhaali hotee.
1641 madhye portugij malakkacha padav aanee duchya vadhatya samarthyamule aachehcha padav jhalyanantar, sultan abdul jalil shaah tisra (1623-1677) yachya karkirdit johorne malakkachya samudradhunivar eka satta mhanoon swatahla punha sthapit karnyas suruvat kelee. sumatramadhye jambi hii pradeshik aarthik aanee rajkiy shakti mhanoon udayas aalee. suruvatila johor aanee jambi yanchyat vachanbaddha vivahadvare yutee karnyacha prayatna karnyat aala hota. tathapi, yutee tutali aanee johor-jambi yuddh (1666-1679) suru jhaale. 1673 madhye jambine batoo sowerchi hakalpatti kelyanantar, hallyacha dhoka talhanyasathi johorchi rajdhani varanvar halavali jaat asey. sultan pahangla paloon gela aanee chaar varshannantar tyacha mrutyu jhaala. tyacha uttaradhikari sultan ibrahim shaah (1677-1685) yane nantar jambila parabhoot karnyasathi bugi lokanchi madat ghetali. akheris 1679 madhye johor vijayi jhaala, parantu bugijanni teey jyaa thikanahun aale hote tyaa makassarla parat jaanyas nakar dilyane teey kamkuvat sthiteet dekhil gele. yachya varr, sumatrachya minangkabausne dekhil tyancha prabhav dakhavanyas suruvat kelee.
done dashakanpurvi jambila parabhoot karnyat mahattvachi bhoomika bhoomika bugi lokancha 1690 chya dashakat johormadhye motha rajkiy prabhav hota. 1699 madhye sultan mahmood dusra yachya mrutyumule sattechi pokali kashee nirman jhaali aanee tyanna joharmadhye tyanchi shakti kashee vaparanyachi mubha midali heey bugi aanee minangkabau yaa doghannahi samajale. minangkabaune minangkabau rajkumar, raja kesilchi olakh karoon dilee, jyane dawa keela qee too mahmoud dusaracha maranottar mulga aahe. orang latchya madatine, raja kesilane 1718 madhye johor saltanatichi tatkalin rajdhani riyau tabyat ghetali aanee bugi lokanna naan kalatach swatahla naveen johor sultan, jalil rahmat shaah mhanoon sthapit kele. raja kesilchya rajyabhishekavar asamadhani asalelya johorchya raja suleimanne bugis deng paranichya madatine raja kechilala padchyut kele aanee sultan suleiman badrul aalam shaah (1722-1760) mhanoon simhasana punha midavale, parantu too eka kamkuvat shasak hota aanee bugi lokanchi kathputali banala. sultan mahmood shaah tisra yachya karkirdit, 18 vya shatkachya madhyapasoon uttaradhaparyant bugi lokanni yaa pradeshat tyancha prabhav vadhavanyacha prayatna keela. yamule teey dutch lokanshi sangharshat padale, jyacha parinam 1784 madhye doghanmadhye antim mothee ladhai jhaali, jyamule yaa pradeshatil bugi aanee johor varchasva sampushtat aale. hii vasahatvadpurv kalatil shevatchi mahattvapoorn ladhai asel.
perak saltanat.
perak shahee vanshavalivar ("salsilah raja-raja perak") aadharit, perak saltanatichi sthapana 16 vya shatkachya suruvatila perak nadichya kathavar malakkan sultan mahmood shaah yancha motha mulga yane kelee. 1511 madhye portugijanni malakka tabyat ghetalyanantar vachalyanantar aanee sumatratil siyakmadhye kahee kaal shantpane rahilyanantar, too perakcha pahila sultan, muzaffar shaah pahila (1528-1549) mhanoon sinhasanavar basala. perak aanee klangmadhil sthanik neta aanee vyapari tuna sabanchya prayatnanmule too sultan jhaala. sumatratil kampar yethoon jevha tuna saban pahilyanda yaa bhagat aala tevha perakmadhye sultan navhate. yaa bhagatil bahutansh rahivasi malakka, selangor aanee sumatramadhil vyapari hote. saltanatichya sthapanenantar perakche prashasana adhik sanghatit jhaale. 16 vya shatkat perakche udghatan jhalyanantar heey rajya tiin dhatucha srot banale. banale dashkaparyant tinchya vyaparakade laksh vedhale gele nasale taree, konihi yaa vastoocha vyapar karnyas mukt hote asey disate.
saltanat shatkachya suruvatichya kalat, aachehchya saltanatine malay dweepkalpachya bahutansh bhaganna satat chhalala samore jaave lagale. perak jaree aachehchya adhikarakhali aala asala taree, too tyacha shejari, kedah aanee itar uttar malay saltanatinchya tulanet 1612 pasoon 200 varshanhun adhik kaal siyami niyantranapasun purnapane swatantra rahila.
jevha thet malakkan vanshacha shevatcha perak sultan, sallehuddin raiyat shaah 1635 madhye varsavina maran pavala, tevha perakmadhye anishchitatechi sthitee nirman jhaali. rajgharanyatil anek sadasyancha balee gheuun rajyat pasarlelya pranghatak patakichya sathimule heey aanakhi vadhale. perak sardarankade aachehchya iskandar thanikade valanyashivay paryay urala navhata, jyane tyacha natevaik raja sulong yala naveen perak sultan, muzaffar shaah dusra (1636-1653) honyasathi pathavale.
saltanat shatkachya madhyat dutch east india company (voke) aalee tevha perakvaril aachehcha prabhav qamee houu lagla. jevha perakne tyachya uttarekadil uttarekadil vokashi karar karnyas nakar deela, tevha perak nadila nakabandi kelyane tincha vyapar thambla, jyamule aachehchya aachehchya tras jhaala. 1650 madhye, aachehchya sultana taaj ool-aalamane perakala, tincha vyapar keval aachehchya aachehchya keela jaeel yaa ativar, vokashi karar karnyache aadesh dile. pudhchya varshaparyant, vokne tinchya vyaparavar maktedari midavali hotee, perakmadhye eka dukan ubharale hote. aacheh aanee voke yanchyatil perakchya tinchya vyaparavaril pradirgh spardhenantar, 15 december 1653 roji, donhi pakshanni sanyuktapane perakashi karar keela, jyamule dachanna rajyat asalelya khaninmadhun kadhalelya tinche vishesh adhikar midale.
1699 madhye, jevha johorne malakkan vanshacha shevatcha sultan, sultan mahmood shaah dusra gamavala, tevha perakkade aata malakkachya junya saltanaticha antim varas asalyacha ekmev dawa hota. tathapi, perak malakkan kinwa johor saltanatinchya pratishthechi aanee shaktichi barobari karoo shakala nahee. perakne banavale shatkachya suruvatila 40 varshe gruhyuddha sahan kele, jithe pratispardhi rajkumaranna sthanik pramukh, bugi aanee minang yanni ball dile, jeey serve tinchya mahasulachya vatyasathi ladhat hote. bugi aanee anek perak pramukh 1743 madhye perak shasak sultan mujafar riyayat shaah tisra hyanna hatavanyat yashasvi jhaale. 1747 madhye, tyane fakt uttar perakmadhye satta midavali aanee dutch aayukt erii verbrug yanchyashi karar keela, jyaantargat perakchya shaskane tiin vyaparavar dutch maktedari manya kelee aanee serve tiin dhatoo dutch aanee vikanyas sahmati darshavali.
pahang saltanat.
aadhunik kalatil pekanmadhye kendrit asalele june pahang saltanat 15 vya shatkat sthapan jhaale. tyachya prabhavachya shikharavar asatana, saltanat hii eka mahattvachi shakti hotee, jine pattani saltanat aanee johor saltanatichya simevaril sampoorn pahang pahang niyantran thewale. malakkan saltanaticha eka samant mhanoon saltanaticha ugam jhaala. tyacha pahila sultan malakkyacha rajkumar, muhammad shaah (1455-1475) hota, joou swatah pahangcha shevatcha malakkan-purv shasak deva soorcha natoo hota. kalantarane, pahang malakkachya niyantranapasun swatantra jhaala aanee eka tappyavar malakkasathi pratispardhi rajya mhanoon 1511 madhye malakkyachya mrutyuparyant swatahla sthapit kele. 1528 madhye, jevha shevatcha malakkan sultan maran pavala, tevha tatkalin sultan mahmood shaah (ii. 1519-1530) johorcha sultan alauddin riyayat shaah dusra yachyabarobar sainyat sameel jhaala aanee tyane portugijanna malay dweepkalpatun hakaloon denyas suruvat kelee. 1547 madhye mure yethe aanee 1551 madhye portugij malakka yethe done prayatna karnyat aale. tathapi, portugijanchi utkrusht shastre aanee jahaje samore aalyane pahang aanee johor sainyala donhi prasangi maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele.
sultan abdul kadirchya (1560-1590) karkirdit, pahangche prabhav shatkachya uttaradhat portugijanshi kahee kaal sauhardpurn sambandh hote. tathapi, 1607 madhye, dutch samrajyachya edmiral matilif dii jonge yanchya bhetinantar, pahangane portugijanpasun mukt honyachya prayatnat tyanna sahkarya kele. dachanna madat karnyasathi johor-pahang yutee sthapan karnyacha prayatna karnyat aala. tathapi, pahangcha sultan abdul ghafoor (1592-1614) aanee johorcha alauddin raiyat shaah tisra (1597-1615) yanchyat vaad jhaala. yacha parinam mhanoon 1612 madhye johorne pahangviruddha yuddh ghoshit kele; bruneichya sultan abdul jalilul akbarchya madatine, pahangane akheris 1613 madhye johorcha parabhav keela.
1615 madhye, asseni iskandar muda yane pahangvar aakraman kele, jyamule alauddin raiyat shaah, mulga abdul ghafoor yala pahangchya aateel bhagat maghar ghenyas bhag padale. tarihi tyane kahee sattadhari adhikarancha vapar suru thewala. portugijanchya pathimbyane 1615 madhye raja bujang (abdul jalil shaah tisra) yaa durchya johorian natevaikala pahang sinhasanavar basavalyanantar tyache vanvasatil rajya adhikrutpane sampale asey manale jaate. tathapi, akheris 1617 chya esheni aakramanat tyala padchyut karnyat aale, parantu 1623 madhye tyache kaka sultan abdullah mayat shaah yanchya mrutyunantar pahang sinhasanavar punha basavanyat aale aanee johorcha naveen sultan mhanoonahi sthapit karnyat aale. yaa ghatanemule pahang aanee johorcha mukut ekatra aala aanee pahang-shasit johorchi aupcharik sthapana jhaali.
selangor saltanat.
saltanat shatkatil johor-jambi yuddhadarmyan sultan abdul jalil shaah tisra (aar. johorchya 1623-1677) yane jambiviruddha ladhanyasathi sulavesichya bugi bhadotri sainikanchi madat ghetali. 1679 madhye johor jinkalyanantar, bugi lokanni tethech rahanyacha nirnay ghetala aanee yaa pradeshat tyanchi satta prasthapit kelee. selangor aanee klang nadyanchya nadimukhansarkhya selangorchya selangorchya anek bugi sthalantarit houu lagale aanee sthayik houu lagale. kahee minangkabau 17 vya shatkaparyant, kadachit tyapurvi, selangormadhye sthayik jhaale asavet. sumatratil bugi aanee minangkabaus johorchya niyantranasathi sangharsh karat hote. raja kesilane minangkabauchya pathimbyane selangorvar aakraman kele parantu 1742 madhye bugi lokanni tyanna hakaloon dile. sattecha paya sthapan karnyasathi, raja salehuddinchya (1705-1788) netrutvakhalil bugi lokanni 1766 madhye kuala selangor yethe rajdhanisah sadhyachya aanuvanshik selangor saltanatichi sthapana kelee. bugi lokanni sthapan kelele malay dweepkalpavaril ekmev rajya mhanoon selangor adviteey aahe.
brunei saltanat.
islammadhye dharmantar honyapurvi, bruneichya arabi strotanmadhil sarvat junya nondinni tyachi vyakhya 'sribuza' ashee kelee hotee, jeey shrivijayache janmajat samant rajya hote. hote shatkatil arabi lekhak yakubine lihilelya likhanat nondavale aahe qee musache rajya (bahudha bruneicha sandarbh dett) tayad samrajyashi (ektar phillipinesmadhil maa-eae kinwa majja-aiz), tang rajvanshachya virodhat yutimadhye hote.
borney (brunei) chya shaskane song rajvansh samratala lihilele 977 chey patra heey borniomadhil swatantra rajyachya sarvat junya chiinii nondinpaiki eka hote. jawani-sumatran yuddh suru jhalyamule brunei lokanni shrivijayapasun tyanche swatantrya parat midavale. 1225 madhye, chiinii adhikari zao rukuo yanni sangitale qee bonikade tyachya vyaparache rakshan karnyasathi 100 yuddhanauka hotya aanee rajyat mothee sampatti hotee. 14 vya shatkat, eka chiinii vruttantane (yuan dede "nanhai zee") nondavale qee bonine sabah, saravakchya kahee bhaganvar aakraman kele kinwa prashasana kele aanee butuan, sulu aanee mayad yaa rajyanvar tasech malilu aanee sadhyache manila aanee mindanao yethe, anukrame uttar aanee dakshin philipinesmadhye, vendulingavar rajya kele. nantar, sulu rajyane boney-shasit sabahmadhil bandaranvar aakraman kele aanee tyavar kabja keela. nantar tyanna majapahit samrajyachya madatine hakaloon denyat aale, jeey 14 vya shatkachya uttaradhat bruneiche jagirdar banale. taridekhil suloonni brunei rajakadoon 2 pavitra motee chorale.
chorale shatkaparyant, heey samrajya eka muslim rajya banale, jevha bruneichya rajane islammadhye dharmantar kele, sagari aagney aashiyatil itar bhaganmadhun muslim bharatiy aanee arab aanee aanale, jeey vyapar karnyasathi aanee islamcha prasar karnyasathi aale. bolkiyachya (1485-1524) rajvatit samrajyane vayavya borniochya kinarpattichya bhaganvar niyantran thewale aanee seludong (sadhyachi manila), sulu dweepsamuh aanee mindanaochya kahee bhaganmadhye philipinesparyant pohochale, jeey bruneine sulu, manila aanee maguindanaochya shaskanshi shahee aantarvivahadvare samavisht kele hote.
16 weey-18 weey shatak.
prabhav shatkat, brunei samrajyacha prabhav paschim kalimantanmadhil kapus nadichya tribhuj pradeshaparyantahi vistarla. yaa bhagatil itar saltanatinche brunei rajeshahishi jawalche sambandh hote, kahee prakarananmadhye teey kahee kaal brunei shasak kutumbachya adhipatyakhali prabhavipane hote, jase qee pontianak, samarinda aanee banjarmasinache malay sultan. sambanche malay saltanat (sadhyache paschim kalimantan), suluche saltanat aanee purv vasahatvadi manilache muslim raje yanni bruneichya rajgharanyashi rajvansh sambandh vikasit kele hote. 1641 madhye sultan tengachya mrutyunantar brunei samrajyat purnapane villin honyapurvi jaree saravak saltanat (portugij manchitrakaranna 'serava' mhanoon olakhali jaanari aanee bornio betavaril paach mahan bandaranpaiki eka asaleli, sadhyachi cooching), bruneichya prabhavakhali asali taree, sultan tengachya akhtyarit swashasit hotee.
pashchatya shaktinchya aagmanadarmyan bruneyan samrajyacha samrajyacha houu lagla. philipinesmadhil bruneichya pradeshanvar aakraman karnyasathi aanee vasahati karnyasathi spenne mexicohoon anek mohima pathavalya. akheris spanish, tyanche visayan mitra aanee tyanchya lattin-american bharatidaranni castillion yuddhadarmyan bruneiver hallah keela. balatkar, borey aanee lutmar jhaali asali taree, spanish maghar ghetalyamule aakraman keval tatpurte hote. tathapi, bruneila philipinesmadhye gamavalela pradesh parat midavata aala nahee, tarihi tyane borneomadhye varchasva kayam thewale.
19 weey shatak.
samanyatah shatkachya suruvatiparyant, saravak haah brunei saltanatichya niyantranakhalil eka shithilpane shasit pradesh banala hota. bruneila keval saravakchya kinarpattichya pradeshanvar adhikar hota, jithe too ardh-swatantra malay netyanchya tabyat hota. darmyan, saravakchya aateel bhagat iban, kayan aanee keeniya lokanni ladhalelya aadivasi yuddhancha samna karava lagla, jeey tyanchya pradeshacha vistar karnyasathi aakramakpane ladhale.
cooching pradeshat pratidravya dhatucha shodh laglyanantar, 1824 teey 1830 darmyan pangeran indera mahkota (bruneichya sulatanacha pratinidhi) yane yaa pradeshacha vikas karnyas suruvat kelee. jevha pratidravya utpadan vadhale, tevha brunei saltanatine saravakkadun jaast karanchi magani kelee, jyamule nagri ashantata aanee gondhal nirman jhaala. 1839 madhye sultan omer allie saifuddin dusra (1827-1852) yane aaplya kakanna suvyavastha purvavat karnyache aadesh dile. yach sumaras james brook saravak yethe aala aanee pengiran muda hashimne yaa prakaranat tyachya madatichi vinanti kelee, parantu brookney nakar deela. tathapi, 1840 madhye tyanchya pudhil sarvak sarvak tyanni aanakhi vinanti manya kelee. 24 september 1841 roji, pengiran muda hashim yanni pangeran indera mahkota padchyut karnyas aanee james brook yanna rajyapalpadachi padvi denyas sahmati darshavali. yaa niyuktila nantar 1842 madhye bruneichya sultanane dujora deela.
philipinesmadhil rajyanshi sanvad.
vasahatvadpurv kalat, majja-aasche kedatuan, jyachi sthapana sthapana srivijay samrajyatil (jeey bruneiparyant vistarle hote) datunni kelee hotee, teey visayamadhil shrivijayache eka dhobal rajya hote. jyaa rajashi datusanni yuddh kele teey raja makatunao hote aanee british itihaskar robbert nikol yanni tyala sadhyachya saravakmadhil melano samrajyachya raja tugaushi jodale. maguindanaochya philipine saltanaticha pahila sultan arab-malay sharif kabungsuwan dekhil hota, jyacha janm aata johor yaa malaysian rajyat jhaala hota.
purv-vasahatvadi malaysiamadhye philipino sthalantarit hote, jyapaiki kahinna luzon mhatale jaat hote aanee malakkachya saltanatit tenggong asalelya regimo dirajachya babatit, tyanchi prashasakeey padey aanee vyavsayik jaale hotee. tyanchyashivay, malakkatil jahajbandhani udhyogpati asalelya surya diraja yaa aanakhi eka philipinone darvarshi 175 tunn mirchi chinala pathavali hotee. vasahatvadpurv kalat sadhyache phillipines aanee maleshiya yanchyat sakriy vyavsayik aanee loksankhyechi devanghevan jhaali. samanyatah, malay aanee philipino yanchyat changle sambandh hote, tathapi fernando pintone nondavale qee mjamjam (perak) yethe, luzon aanee malayachya done swatantra vasahati ekmekanshi shatrutvat hotya. tyachpramane, malakkatil anek muslim vasahati aanee aanee philipinesmadhye sthayik jhalyavar, jivavadi aanee hindu luzon yanchyashi sangharshala samore jaave lagale hote. pashchatya vasahatichya prarambhane malay saltanati aanee philipine rashtranmadhil vyapar aanee rajkiy sambandh tutale.
varchasvasathi sangharsh karane.
chhotya kinarpattivaril malay rajyanchya kamkuvatpanamule bugi sthalantarit jhaale, sulavesichya dutch vasahatikaranatun teey nisatale, jyanni dweepkalpavar asankhya vasahati sthapan kelya jyaa teey dutch vyaparat hastakshep karayache. 1699 madhye junya melaka rajgharanyachya shevatchya sulatanachya hatyenantar tyanni johorcha taba ghetala. bugi lokanni johor, keda, perak aanee selangor yaa rajyanmadhye tyanchi satta vadhavali. madhya sumatratil minangkabau malayamadhye sthalantarit jhaale aanee akheris tyanni negeri sembilanmadhye swatache rajya sthapan kele. johorchya patnane malay dweepkalpavar sattechi pokali nirman jhaali jee anshatah ayutthaya rajyachya siyami rajanni bharoon kadhali hotee, jyanni kedah, kelantan, patani, perlis aanee terenganu hii paach uttar malay rajye-tyanche samant banavale.
banavale shatkat europesathi malayache aarthik mahatva zapatyane vadhale. chean aanee united kingdam yanchyatil vegane vegane chahachya vyaparamule uchch darjachya malay tinchi magani vadhali, jyacha vapar chahachya chhatila rang lavnyasathi keela jaat asey. europemadhyehi malay mirpudala uchch pratishtha hotee, tarr kelantan aanee pahangmadhye sonyachya khanee hotya. tiin aanee sonyache khankam aanee sambandhit seva udhyoganchya vadhimule malay jagaat paradeshi vasahati pratham yenyas suruvat jhaali-suruvatila arab aanee bharatiy, nantar chiinii.
malayamadhye siyami vistar.
keda.
1767 madhye ayutthayachya patananantar, uttar malay saltanati tatpuratya kalasathi siyami varchasvapasun mukt jhalya. 1786 madhye, british vyapari francis lightne siyami kinwa bermi lokanviruddha lashkari pathimbyachya badalyat east india companychya vatine kedahchya sultan ahmed tajuddin haleem shaah dusra yachyakadun penang bett bhadepattivar ghenyat yash midavale. tathapi, siyamane uttar malay saltanatinvar punha niyantran midavale aanee pattanichi luut kelee. francis light matra, maleshiyachya rajyanna siyamviruddha lashkari madat midvanyat apayashi tharala aanee kedah siyami aadhipatyakhali aala. siamcha raja raam dusra yane 1821 madhye ligorchya noee naa nagarla kedah saltanativar aakraman karnyache aadesh dile. 1826 chya burney kararanusar, nirvasit kedah sultan ahmed tajuddinlah tyachya sinhasanavar punha basavale gele nahee. tyanantar too aanee tyache sashastr samarthak baaraa varshanhun adhik kaal (1830-1842) tyachya punarsthapanasathi perang musuh bisic mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya yuddhanchya maliket ladhale.
1821 teey 1842 darmyan jevha siyami sainyane kedahvar aakraman kele aanee kabja keela, tevha sthanik arab kutumbanni rajyache swatantrya parat midvanyasathi siyami lokanna patvoon denyasathi pratikar prayatnanche netrutva karnyachya sulatanachya prayatnanna pathimba deela. 1842 madhye, sultan ahmed tajuddinne shevati siyami atty swikaranyas sahmati darshavali aanee tyala tyachya kedahchya sinhasanavar punha basavanyat aale. pudhchya varshi, kedahchya sultanane parlisachya nirmitila manyata dilyanantar, siyami lokanni sayyed hussen jamalullela perlischa pahila raja mhanoon sthapit kele, siyamane perlisla thet bankokchya malkichya swatantra sansthanat vibhagale.
kellenton aanee terenganu.
1760 chya sumaras, patani vanshacha eka kuleen sardar, lamb yunus, sadhyachya kelantanchya pradeshache ekikaran karnyat yashasvi jhaala aanee 1795 madhye tyacha javai, tengku muhammad yane terengganucha sultan mansoor yachyakadun uttaradhikari banala. terengganu yetheel eka kulinane tengku muhammadachya sinhasanavar basnyas dirgh yunuchya mulanni virodh keela, tyamule lamb yunucha motha mulga, lamb muhammad yane terenganuchya virodhat yuddh suru kele. 1800 madhye terenganu samarthak gatacha parabhav jhaala aanee sultan muhammad pahila yaa naveen padvisah muhammadane dirghkal kelantanvar rajya kele.
vyapar aanee sthir sarkarla chalana denara eka bhakt shasak mhanoon lakshat rahnara sultan omer riyat shaah yachya karkirdit terengganune sthairya anubhavale. thaee rajvatit, terengganu samruddha jhaala aanee bankokmadhil british tyala mothya pramanat ekte sodale. tathapi, 1826 chya burney kararat, kararane anek uttar malay rajyanvar-kedah, kellenton, perlis, terenganu-bhavishyatil sangharajya nasalelya malay rajyanvar-aanee patanivar siyami haqq sweekarle. yaa kararamule britishanna penangcha taba aanee siamincha hastakshep naan karata kelantan aanee terenganu yethe vyapar karnyachya tyanchya adhikaranchi hummy midali. tathapi, karar vataghatimadhye paach malay-vanshik rajyanche pratinidhitva karnyat aale navhate. 1909 madhye kararachya pakshanni eka naveen kararavar kararavar kelya jyane burney kararache sthan ghetale aanee patani vagalata pachpaiki chaar malay rajye siyami rajyanmadhun britishanchya tabyat hastantarit kelee. kelee anglo-siamis kararat patanicha samavesh naslyamule aanee tee siyami rajvatit rahilyamule, rahilyamule patnila malay mahasanghatun vagalanyat aale.
britishancha prabhav.
prabhav shatkat ingraj ingraj pahilyanda malay dweepkalpala bhet dilee. samanyatah shatkachya madhyapurvi yaa pradeshatil britishanche hitsambandh pramukhyane aarthik hote, pradeshik niyantranat farse swarasya navhate. aadhich bharatatil sarvat majboot european shakti asalele british naveen pradeshansathi aagney ashiyakade pahat hote. british jahajanmadhil chinchya vyaparachya vadhimule east india companychya yaa pradeshatil talanchi ichcha vadhali. yaa uddeshasathi vividh betancha vapar keela jaat hota, parantu 1786 madhye kedahchya sultanakadun bhadepattivar dilele penang heey pahile kayamswarupi adhigrahan hote. tyanantar lagechach penangchya viruddha mukhya bhoomivaril (jyala prant wellesley mhanoon olakhale jaate) pradeshacha eka gut bhadepattivar denyat aala. 1795 madhye, napolean yuddhandarmyan, french-vyapt netherlandschya sammatine britishanni yaa bhagatil sambhavya french atikraman rokhanyasathi dutch melaka tabyat ghetala.
1818 madhye jevha malakka dachankade parat denyat aala, tevha british governor stamford raffles yanni paryayi tall shodhala aanee 1819 madhye tyanni johorchya sultanakadun singapur tabyat ghetale. malakka aanee dutch yanchyat benkulenchya british vasahatichya devanghevanimule dweepkalpavaril ekmev vasahatvadi shakti mhanoon british rahile. britishanche pradesh mukt bandare mhanoon sthapan karnyat aale, tyaa velee dutch aanee frenchanchi maktedari modoon taknyacha aanee tyanna vyaparache mothe tall banavanyacha prayatna keela gela. tyanni brittenla malakkachya samudradhunitun samudradhunitun serve vyaparavar niyantran thevanyachi parvanagi dilee. malyali siyemi vistarvadachya bhitimule britishancha prabhav vadhala, jyacha brittonne upayukt pratikar keela. samanyatah shatkat malay sultananni britishanshi sambandh thevanyache fayade aanee tyanna siyami kinwa bermi aakramananchi bheeti asalyamule british samrajyashi yutee kelee.
1824 madhye, malayatil british niyantran (maleshiya yaa navapurvi) anglo-dutch kararadvare aupcharik karnyat aale, jyane malay dweepsamuh britton aanee netherlandsmadhye vibhagala. dachanni melaka rikama keela aanee malayatil serve swarasya sodale, tarr britishanni urvarit purv bharatavaril dutch rajvat manya kelee. 1846 paryant britishanni penang, malakka, singapur aanee labuan betavar niyantran midavale, jeey tyanni samudradhuni vasahatinchi mukut vasahat mhanoon sthapan kele, 1867 paryant east india companychya antargat pratham prashasit kele gele, jevha tyanchi londonmadhil vasahatvadi karyalayat badali karnyat aalee.
vasahatvadi yug.
maleshiyatil british.
suruvatila, ingrajanni malay rajyanmadhil sambandhanmadhye hastakshep naan karnyache dhoran palale. malay rajyanmadhil tiin khankamala samudradhunitil vasahatinmadhil vasahatinmadhil asalele vyavsayik mahatva yamule dweepkalpatil kuleen lokanmadhye antargat kalah nirman jhaala. yaa rajyanchya asthiratemule yaa bhagatil vyaparache nuksan jhaale, jyamule ingrajanni hastakshep karnyas suruvat kelee. perakchya tinchya khaninchya sampattimule tethil rajkiy sthairyala british guntavanukdaransathi pradhanya midale aanee asha prakare perak heey british rahivashachya dekharekhisathi sahmat honare pahile malay rajya hote. naga ibrahim aanee raja muda abdullah yanchyatil rajkiy ladhait karyarat asalelya chiinii aanee malay tolhyandvare nirman jhalelya nagri ashantatevar shantatapurn todga kadhanyasathi shahee naudalacha vapar karnyat aala hota. hota pangcore kararamule malayamadhye british prabhav vadhanyacha marg mokala jhaala. britishanni kahee malay rajyanshi karar kele, jyat sultananna sallah denare rahivasi basavale gele aanee lavkarach teey tyanchya rajyanche vastavik shasak banale. malay dharm aanee chaliriti vagalata serve goshtit yaa sallagaranchi satta hotee.
british aanee chiinii guntavanukdaranna kayadeshir sanrakshn deuun aanee tyanche aadhunikikaran karoon, tyanche swatantrya kayam rakhanare johor heey ekmev rajya rahile. rahile shatkachya akheris, pahang, selangor, perak aanee negeri sembilan yaa rajyanmadhye, jyanna ektritpane samrajyikrut malay rajye mhanoon olakhale jaate, british sallagar hote. 1909 madhye, aadhich british sallagar asalele kedah, kellenton, perlis aanee terenganu heey britishanna denyas siyami rajyala bhag padale gele. johorcha sultan aboo bucker aanee ranee victoriya heey ekmekanche vaiyaktik olakhiche hote, jeey ekmekanna samaan mhanoon olakhayache. sultan aboo bakarcha uttaradhikari sultan ibrahimne british sallagar swikarla, too 1914 paryant navhata. purvichi chaar thaee rajye aanee johor hii sangharajya nasaleli malay rajye mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee. sarvat thet british niyantranakhalil rajye vegane vikasit jhaali, pahili tiin, nantar rabarcha jagatil sarvat motha puravathadar bunley.
1910 paryant, malay deshanmadhye british rajvaticha namuna sthapit jhaala. samudradhunitil vasahati hii eka mukut vasahat hotee, jyavar londonmadhil vasahatvadi karyalayachya dekharekhikhali rajyapal shasson karat asey. tyanchi loksankhya andaje 50 takke chiinii-malaysian hotee, parantu vansh kahihi asso, serve rahivasi british praja hote. perak, selangor, negeri sembilan aanee pahang yaa british rahivashanna rahivashanna pahilya chaar rajyanna sanghiy malay rajye asey sambodhale geleh tantrikdrushtya swatantra asoonahi, tyanna 1895 madhye nivasi-generalchya khalee thevanyat aale, jyamule tyanna naav vagalata serve british vasahati banavanyat aale. jaree teey tyanchya rahivashanchya ichcha phaar kaal aikane talhu shakale nasale taree, sangharajya nasalelya malay rajyanna (johor, kedah, kelantan, perlis aanee terenganu) thode mothe swatantrya hote. malay vyavharanmadhye brittoncha sarvat jawalcha sahkari mhanoon, johorla lekhee sanvidhanacha visheshadhikar hota, jyane sultanala swatache mantrimandal niyukt karnyacha adhikar deela, parantu too samanyatah pratham britishancha sallah ghenyachi kalji ghet asey.
borneomadhye british.
samanyatah shatkachya uttaradhat britishanni borneochya uttar uttar niyantran midavale, jithe dutch rajvat kadhihi sthapan jhaali navhati. dweepkalp aanee borneovaril vikas samanyatah samanyatah shatkaparyant vegala hota. yaa pradeshacha purvekadil bhag (aata sabah) suluchya sulatanachya nammatra niyantranakhali hota, joou nantar spanish east indigecha jagirdar banala. urvarit bhag bruneichya saltanaticha hota. 1840 madhye, british sahsi james brookney bruneichya sulatanache kaka raja muda haseem yanna bund dadapanyas madat kelee aanee tyaa badalyat 1841 madhye tyanna rajachi padvi aanee saravak nadivaril jilhyavar rajya karnyacha adhikar midala. 1843 madhye, tyanchi padvi aanuvanshik mhanoon manyata midali aanee aanee rajanni' 1846 madhye vastavik swatantra rajya mhanoon saravakvar rajya karnyas suruvat kelee. bruneichya kimmativar brookney saravakcha vistar keela.
1881 madhye, british north bornio companyla british north borneochya pradeshavar niyantran denyat aale, jyane governor aanee vidhimandal niyukt kele. londonchya karyalayatun tyavar shasson karnyat aale. tyachi sthitee british sanrakshit rajyapramanech hotee aanee saravakpramanech bruneichya kimmatit tyacha vistar jhaala. 1946 madhye philipinela swatantrya mileparyant, borneochya ishanya bhagatil saat british-niyantrit bete, kasav bete aanee kagayan dii tavee-tavee hii uttar borneochya kraun collany sarkarne phillipine sarkarla dilee hotee. rashtrapati diosdado mcapagal yanchya prashasanane purv sabahvar dawa kelyapasoon phillippines nantar tyachya atireki hetune pradesh sadhya bund asalelya suluchya pradeshachya saltanaticha bhag hota. 1888 madhye, bruneimadhye jeey shillak hote teey british sanrakshit rajya karnyat aale aanee 1891 madhye aanakhi eka anglo-dutch kararane british aanee dutch bornio yanchyatil seema aupcharik kelee.
vasahatvadi kalatil vansh sambandh.
vasahatvadpurv kalat aanee british malayamadhye aupcharik vasahatvadi rajya ladlyanantarchya pahilya kahee dashakanmadhye, yaa sandnyanchya aadhunik arthane 'malay' hii vanshik kinwa agadi nishchit olakh navhati. vanshanirmiti britishanni tyanchya vasahatvadi prajanvar ladali hotee.
kahee vasahatvadi shaktinpramane, british nehmich tyanchya samrajyakade aarthik chinta mhanoon pahat asat aanee tyanchya vasahatinni londonmadhil bhagdharkansathi napha kamavane apekshit hote. vikasachya vasahatvadi bhandavalshahi kalpana mukhyatve nafyasathichya amaryad lobhavar aanee itar serve hitsambandhanchya adhinatevar aadharit hotya. suruvatila, british vasahatvadi malay dweepsamuhatil tiin aanee sonyachya khaninkade aakarshit jhaale hote. parantu british lagvadaranni lavkarach ushnakatibandhiy lagwad picansah prayog karnyas suruvat kelee-tepioka, gambier, mirpud aanee coffey. aanee 1877 madhye brazilmadhun rubber prakalp suru karnyat aala. european udhyogakadun vadhati magani yamule rubber lavkarach malayachi mukhya niryat bunley. nantar, niryatisathi kamai karnara mhanoon paam teel rabarshi jodale gele. yaa serve udhyoganna mothya kamgar dalachi aavashyakta hotee, mhanoon ingrajanni bharatatil dirghkalapasun prasthapit asalelya british vasahatitil lokanna, jyat pramukhyane dakshin bharatatil tamil bhashik hote, kararbaddha majur mhanoon lagvadivar kaam karnyasathi pathavale. rubber lagvadisathi madat karnyasathi keral navachya sadhyachya thikanahun malbarincha eka lahan gut aananyat aala, parinami aaj malaysiamadhye malbarinchi sankhya qamee aahe. yaa khanee, giranya aanee bandaranni dakshin chinmadhun aalelya sthalantarit kamgaranna dekhil aakarshit kele. 1857 madhye tiin khaan kendra mhanoon sthapan jhalelya kuala lumpurpramanech singapur, penang aanee ipoh yasarkhi shahare lavkarach bahusankhya chiinii hotee. 1891 paryant, jevha malayachi pahili janganana jhaali, tevha mukhya tiin khaan rajye perak aanee selangormadhye chiinii bahusankhya hote.
kamgaranna anekada kantratdarankadun hinsak vaganuk dilee jaat asey aanee aajarpan varanvar yet asey. afoo aanee jugaranchya vyasanamule anek chiinii majuranchi karje vadhali, jyamule british vasahatvadi sarkarla lakshaniy mahasool midala, tarr bharatiy majuranchi karje todichya vyasanamule vadhali. asha prakare midavalelya kamgaranchya karjacha arth assa hota qee teey tyanchya kamgar kararanshi kararanshi kalasathi jodalele hote.
kahee chiinii sthalantarit kamgar paraspar madat sansthanchya jaalyanshi ('hui-gwan' chee chee kinwa chinchya vividh bhagantil nammatra bhaugolik sanlagnata asalelya naa-napha sansthanshi) jodalele hote. 1890 chya dashakat, kwalalalanpurchya capitan chayanachi padvi dharan karnara yap aah loy haah malayatil sarvat shrimant manus hota, jyachyakade khaninchi, lagvadichi aanee dukananchi sakhali hotee. maleshiyatil banking aanee vima udyog suruvatipasunach chiinii chalvat hote aanee chiinii vyavasay, sahasa londonchya companyanchya bhagidarit, lavkarach malaysian arthvyavasthevar sampoorn niyantran midvu shakale. chiinii bankersony malay sultananna dekhil paise dile, jyamule chiinii rajkiy tasech aarthik laabh midala. suruvatila chiinii sthalantarit bahutek purush hote aanee anekanna tyanche nasheeb sampalyavar gharee paratanyacha vichar hota. anekjan gharee gele, pann aanakhi barech jann rahile. suruvatila tyanni malay mahilanshi vivah keela, sayano-malay kinwa baba lokancha samuday nirman keela, parantu lavkarach tyanni chiinii vadhoo aayat karnyas, kayamswarupi samuday sthapan karnyas aanee shaala aanee mandire bandhanyas suruvat kelee.
rahile shatkachya suruvatila eka bharatiy vyavsayik aanee vyavsayik varg udayas aala, parantu rubber rubber bhagatil grameen ghettyanmadhye bahusankhya bharatiy garib aanee ashikshit rahile.
british vasahatikaranchya rajkiy sarvbhaumatvamule paramparik malay samajache mothe nuksan jhaale. british aanee chiinii yaa doghanshihi sahyogi mhanoon pahilya olakhalya sultananni tyanchi kahee paramparik pratishtha gamavali, parantu grameen maleshiyatil lock sulatanancha aadar karat rahile. rahile shatkachya suruvatila malay rashtravadi vicharvantancha eka chhota varg udayas yeu lagla aanee itar aayat kelelya dharmanchya, visheshtah khrishchananchya, dhokyachya pratisadat islamche punarujjivanhi jhaale. kharey tarr kahee malaysian lokanni khristi dharm swikarla, jaree anek chiinii lokanni keela. pashchimatya kalpanancha qamee prabhav asalele uttarekadil pradesh, jase rahile aahet tase islami puranmatvadache balekille banale.
britishanni police aanee sthanik lashkari tukadyanmadhye abhijat malay padd dile, tasech tyapaiki bahutansh prashasakeey padey bigger-europeey lokansathi khulee hotee. chiinii lokanni chinmadhun shikshak aayat karoon, tyanchya swatachya shaala aanee mahavidhyalaye bandhali aanee tyasathi paise dile, tarr britishanni tarun malay uchchabhru lokanchya shikshanavar niyantran thevane aanee vansh aanee varg shrenichya vasahatvadi kalpana sthapit karane heey uddisht thewale, jenekarun uchchabhru vishayanna desh chalvane aanee tyanchya vasahatikaranchi seva karane yaa donhinchi ichcha asel. vasahatvadi sarkarne 1905 madhye malay mahavidhyalay ughadale aanee 1910 madhye malay prashasakeey seva suru kelee. (mahavidhyalayala 'baab uda-rajarajat' asey naav denyat aale-uchch padache praveshdwar.) tyanantar 1922 madhye eka malay shikshak mahavidhyalay aanee 1935 madhye eka malay mahila prashikshan mahavidhyalay. yaa serve goshtinmadhun vasahatvadi prashasanache adhikrut dhoran pratibimbit hote qee malay heey maleshiyatil hote aanee itar vansh heey keval tatpurte rahivasi hote. haah drushtikon adhikadhik vastavala dharoon navhata aanee parinami british vasahatvadi rajvativiruddha pratikar chalvali nirman jhalya.
malay shikshak mahavidhyalayat vyakhyane aanee lekhan hote jyat malay rashtravadi bhavna jagrut kelya gelya. yamule teey malay rashtravadache janmasthan mhanoon olakhale jaate. 1938 madhye, sultan idris mahavidhyalayache majee vidyarthi ibrahim yakub yanni kualalampur yethe kestuan melayu muda (young maleshiya union kinwa kiimii.) chee sthapana kelee. mool kahihi asso, serve maleshiyanchya ektrikaranache samarthan karnari aanee bharatiy aanee chiinii lokanpasoon vegale asalelya maleshiyanchya karanasathi samarthan denari hii british malayatil pahili rashtravadi rajkiy sanghatana hotee. panji melayu raya' haah kilometres eka vishisht aadarsh hota, jyamadhye british malay aanee dutch east indigechya ekikaranasathi aavahan kele gele hote.
aanee mahayuddhachya aadhichya varshanmadhye, vasahatvadi sarkar kendrikrut rajyamadhye santulan sadhane aanee malayatil sulatananchi satta rakhane hyavar laksh kendrit karat hote. malayala eksandh sarkar denyasathi konatihi pavale uchalali gelee naheet aanee kharey tarr 1935 madhye sangharajya rajyanche nivasi-mahasanchalak padd radd karnyat aale aanee tyache adhikar swatantra rajyanna vikendrikrut karnyat aale. vasahatvadi sarkarne chiinii lokanna chatur parantu dhokadayak manale-aanee kharey tarr 1920 aanee 1930 chya dashakat, chinmadhil ghatana pratibimbit karat, chiinii rashtravadi paksh (kuomintang) aanee chiinii communist pakshane malayamadhye pratispardhi gupt sanghatana tayar kelya, jyamule chiinii shaharanmadhye niyamit gondhal jhaala. vasahatvadi sarkarla malayachi rajye aanee vanshancha bhinn samooh swatantra rashtra ektech sodoon, ekach vasahat banoo shakel asey kahee disale nahee.
dusare mahayuddha aanee aanibanichi sthitee.
jaree british samrajyacha bhag mhanoon eka ladhvayya malayane pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan, 28 aktoobar 1914 roji penangchya ladhaidarmyan german cruiser ess. emm. ess. emdenne russian cruiser "zemchug" budavoon taklyashivay, farshi karvai kelee nahee.
december 1941 madhye prashant mahasagarat yuddh suru jhaale tevha malayatil ingraj purnapane tayar navhate. 1930 chya dashakat, japani naudal shaktichya vadhatya dhokyacha andaj gheuun, tyanni singapur yethe eka motha naudal tall bandhala hota, parantu uttarekadun malayavar aakraman hoil ashee apeksha tyanni kadhich kelee navhati. europemadhil yuddhachya maganimule, sudur purvet britishanchi havai kshamata aksharshah navhati. asha prakare japani french indo-chinmadhil tyanchya talanvarun dandamuktapane hallah karoo shakale aanee british, austreliyan aanee bharatiy sainyachya hutty pratikaranantarhi tyanni done mahinyant malayavar kabja keela. jaminila sanrakshn nasalela, havai kavach nasalela aanee panipurvatha nasalela singapur februwari 1942 madhye sharan jaanyas bhag padala gela. british north bornio aanee brunei dekhil tabyat ghetale gele.
japani vasahatvadi sarkarne maleshiyala akhil ashiyai drushtikonatun pahile aanee malaysian rashtravadachya maryadit swarupala chalana dilee, jyamule tyanna malaysian nagri seva aanee vicharvantankadun kahee pramanat sahkarya midale (bahutek sultanannihi japani lokanshi sahkarya kele, jaree tyanni nantar sangitale qee tyanni heey binmatine kele hote). melayu raya' chey samarthak, malay rashtravadi kesatuan melayu muda yanni, japan dutch east indies, malay aanee bornio yanna ekatra aanel aanee tyanna swatantrya deil yaa samajutichya aadhare japani lokanshi sahkarya kele. matra, kabjadharak chiinii lokanna shatru pargrahvasi manat aanee tyanna khoop kathoratene vagavatah tathakathit 'suk ching' (dukkhatoon shuddhikaran) darmyan, malay aanee singapurmadhye 80,000 chiinii marle gele. chiinii vyavasay japt karnyat aale aanee chiinii shaala ektar bund karnyat aalya kinwa jaalanyat aalya. malay communist pakshachya (emm. see. pii.) netrutvakhalil chiinii, purv europeey rangbhumivaril sthanik communist pakshanchya netrutvakhalil soviet samarthit pakshapati bandkhor sainyapramanech asalelya malay lokanchya japani-virodhi sainyacha (emm. pii. aii. jee.) kanaa banale yaat aashchary vatnyasarkhe kahee nahee. britishanchya madatine, empaja heey vyapalelya ashiyai deshanmadhil sarvat prabhavi pratikar shakti banale.
jaree japani lokanni malay rashtravadala pathimba dilyacha yuktivad keela asala taree tyanni tyanchya mitra thayalandala 1909 madhye british malayala hastantarit karnyat aalelya kedah, perlis, kellenton aanee terenganu yaa chaar uttarekadil rajyanna punha jodanyachi parvanagi deuun malay rashtravadala dukhavale. malayachya niryat bajarpethetil hanimule lavkarach mothya pramanat berojgari nirman jhaali jyamule serve vanshanvar parinam jhaala aanee japani lock adhikadhik apriy jhaale.
vyaparachya kalat vanshik tanav nirman jhaala aanee rashtravad vadhala. tyamule 1945 madhye ingrajanna parat pahoon malayanna sampoorn anand jhaala, parantu yuddhapurvichya paristhitipramane paristhiti tiku shakali nahee aanee swatantryachi tivra ichcha vadhali. britton diwalkhor jhaala hota aanee naveen kamgar sarkar shakya titkya lavkar purvekadoon aapale sainya mage ghenyas utsuk hote. vasahatvadi swarajya aanee shevati swatantrya heey aata britishanche dhoran hote. aashiyatun pasarlelya ashiyai rashtravadachi laat lavkarach malayaparyant pohochali. parantu bahutek malaysian lokanna britishankadun swatantryachi magani karnyaivaji, mukhytah chiinii banalelya emm. see. pii. viruddha swatache rakshan karnyababat adhik kalji hotee; kharey tarr, tyanchi tatkal chinta hii hotee qee british malaysian sodoon empajachya sashastr communistanna sodu nayet, jeey deshatil sarvat mothe sashastr dall hote.
1944 madhye, britishanni malay sangharajyachi yojana aakhali, jee swatantryachya drushtine, sanyukt aanee sangharajya nasalelya malay rajyanche, tasech penang aanee malakka (parantu singapurche nahee) ekach mukut vasahatit rupantar karel. yamule sangharajya sadhya karane adhik katheen hoil asey manale jaat asalyane bornian pradesh aanee singapur vagalanyat aale. matra, malay shasakanche kamkuvat hone aanee vanshik chiinii aanee itar alpasankhyakanna nagrikatva denyas virodh pakshantar maleshiyankadun tivra virodh jhaala. yuddhadarmyan chiinii aanee bharatiy heey malayanpeksha britishanshi adhik nishthavan asalyache tyanna vatat asalyane ingrajanni serve vanshanmadhye samanatecha nirnay ghetala hota. suruvatila tyala pathimba pathimba sultananni maghar ghetali aanee swatahla pratikarkaryachya shikharavar thewale.
1946 madhye, johorche mukhyamantri dato one biin jaffar yanchya netrutvakhalil malay rashtravadyanni sanyukt maleshiya rashtriy sanghatanechi (umno) sthapana kelee. umnone malayachya swatantryala pathimba deela, parantu naveen rajya keval maleshiyadvare chalavale gele tarach. maleshiyala asahaneey virodhala tond dyave lagalyane ingrajanni samaan nagarikatvachi yojana radd kelee. asha prakare 1946 madhye malay sangharajyachi sthapana jhaali aanee 1948 madhye visarjit karnyat aalee aanee malaiah mahasanghane tyachi jaaga ghetali, jyane british sanrakshanakhalil malay rajyanchya rajyakartyanchi svayatta punarsanchayit kelee.
darmyan, communist khulya uthavakade vatchal karat hote. december 1945 madhye empaja visarjit karnyat aala hota aanee emm. see. pii. neey kayadeshir rajkiy paksh mhanoon sanghatana kelee hotee, parantu empajache haat bhavishyatil vaparasathi kaljipurvak sathavale gele hote. emm. see. pii. chey dhoran serve vanshanna purn samanatesah tatkal swatantryasathi hote. pakshachi takad chiinii varchasva asalelya kamgar sanghatananmadhye, visheshtah singapurmadhye hotee aanee chiinii shalanmadhye, jithe shikshak, mukhytah chinmadhye janmalele hote, tyanni chiinii communist pakshala chinchya rashtriy punarujjivanacha neta mhanoon pahile. march 1947 madhye, shityuddha suru hotach aantarrashtriy samyavadi chalvalichi "davikade valane" pratibimbit karat, emm. see. pii. nete laee take yanna shuddha karnyat aale aanee tyanchya jaagi anubhavi emm. pii. aii. jee. gurilla nete chiin peng yanni pakshala adhikadhik thet karvaikade valavale. yaa bandkhoranni emm. see. pii. chya netrutvakhali ingrajanna malayatoon baher kadhanyasathi chhapamar mohima suru kelya. julaimadhye, vruksharopan vyavasthapakanchya hatyanchya malikenantar, vasahatvadi sarkarne aanibanichi sthitee jaheer karoon, emm. see. pii. varr bandee ghaloon aanee tyachya shekado dahashatvadyanna atak karoon pratyuttar dile. paksh jangalat mage hutla aanee sumare 13,000 purushansah, mukhytah vanshik chiinii, malay lokanchya mukti sainyachi sthapana kelee.
brittonne ichchit kelelya naveen sanvidhanamule yuddhala chalana midali, jyane sumare 90 takke vanshik chiinii lokanna nagrikatva nasalelya mhanoon doshi tharavale aanee lagvadisathi marg tayar karnyasathi garib garib bedkhal kele. parantu jaree british british bahutansh vishleshananmadhye yuddhala shityuddhachya sandarbhat samyavadavirodhatil sangharsh mhanoon dirghkal chitrit kele asale, taree emm. aine. ell. aii. laa soviet kinwa chiinii communistankadun farach qamee pathimba midala. tyaeivaji, british sarkaranchi mukhya chinta vasahatitil tyanchya vyavsayik hitsambandhanche rakshan karane hii hotee.
malayatil aanibani, jee mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee, tee 1948 teey 1960 paryant chalali aanee tyat rashtrakul sainyane malayamadhye dirghkal bandkhorivirodhi moheem rabavali. britishanche dhoran, jeey shevati yashasvi tharale, teey mhanje chiinii lokanna aarthik aanee rajkiy savalatinchya sanyogane emm. see. pii. laa tyachya aadharastambhapasun vegale karane aanee chiinii ghuskhoranche vastavat, emm. see. pii. prabhavmukt prabhavmukt bhagat" asalelya "naveen gavanmadhye" punarvasan karane. 1949 pasoon emm. see. pii. mohimene veg gamavala aanee bharatichi sankhya zapatyane qamee jhaali. aktoobar 1951 madhye emm. see. pii. laa british uchchayukt surr heinry gurney yanchi hatya karnyat yash aale asale taree, dahashatvadi davpechakade valalelya yaa valanamule anek madhyamvargiy chiinii pakshapasoon door gele. ell. tii. chey aagman.-1952 madhye british senapati mhanoon general surr gerald templer yanni aanibanichya samaptichi suruvat kelee. templarne malayamadhye bandkhorivirodhi yuddhachi aadhunik tantre tayar karnyas madat kelee aanee tyanna emm. see. pii. chhapyanviruddha lagoo kele. yuddhat donhi bajunni gairvartan jhaale. sarvat kukhyat atyachar december 1948 madhye rajdhani kualalampurchya uttares asalelya batang kaalee gavat jhaala, jevha british sainyane gawala jaalun taknyapurvi 24 chiinii lokanchi kattal kelee. bandkhoranchya thikananvar hajaro 4,000 paundanche bomb takoon, judd bombfecki hallekhor yuddhat gele. sangharshachya pahilya paach varshant brittonne 4,500 havai halle kele. bandkhoricha parabhav jhaala asala taree rashtrakul sainya soviet yuniyanviruddhachya shityuddhachya parshvabhumivar rahile. yaa parshvabhumivar, rashtrakulatil mahasanghala 31 august 1957 roji swatantrya denyat aale, jyat tunku abdul rahman heey pahile pantpradhan hote.
maleshiyacha uday.
swatantra maleshiyasathi ladha.
1949 madhye, madhyamvargiy chiinii rajkiy matanche vahak mhanoon malay chiinii sanghatanechya (emm. see. aii.) sthapanedvare emm. see. pii. viruddha chiinii pratikriya disun aalee. tyache nete taan cheng lock yanni samaan nagarikatvachya dhoranavar malay swatantrya midvinyasathi umanoshi sahkarya karnyachya dhoranala pathimba deela, parantu rashtravadi bheeti qamee karnyasathi malay sanvedansheelatanna puresha savalati dilya. tanane kedache mukhyamantri aanee 1951 pasoon datuk oncha uttaradhikari mhanoon umonocha neta mhanoon tunku (rajkumar) abdul rahman yanchyashi jawalche sahkarya kele. malayanna awadel kinwa nahee heey britishanni 1949 madhye jaheer kele hote qee malay lavkarach swatantra hoil, tyamule donhi nete sthir swatantra rajyacha aadhar mhanoon tyanche samuday jagoo shaktil assa karar karnyacha nirdhar karat hote. nantar malay bharatiy congress (emm. aay. see.) madhye sameel jhalelya umno-emm. see. aii. yuteene 1952 teey 1955 darmyan malay aanee chiinii asha donhi bhagantil sthanik aanee rajya nivadnukanmadhye vishvasarh vijay midavala.
nivadoon aalele sthanik sarkar sthapan karane heey communistancha parabhav karnyachya dishene takalele aanakhi eka mahattvache paul hote. 1953 madhye joseph stallinchya mrutyunantar, sashastr sangharsh suru thevanyachya shahanpanavarun emm. see. pii. netrutvat phoot padali. anek emm. see. pii. dahashatvadyanche munn dabalele hote aanee teey gharee gele aanee 1954 madhye templarne malay sodale toparyant aanibani sampali hotee, jaree chiin pengne eka kattar gatache netrutva kele hote, joou anek varshe thaee simevaril durgam deshat lapoon basala hota.
1955 aanee 1956 darmyan emm. see. aii. aanee britishanni serve vanshansathi samaan nagarikatvachya tattvasathi ghatanatmak todga kadhala. tyaa badalyat, emm. see. aii. neey sahmati darshavali qee malay rajyapramukh malay sulatananchya padavarun ghetala jaeel, malay hii adhikrut bhasha asel aanee malay shikshan aanee aarthik vikasala protsahan dile jaeel aanee anudan dile jaeel. parinami, yacha arth assa hota qee, visheshtah nagri seva, lashkar aanee polisanvar tyanche varchasva kayam rahilyamule, malay desh chalavale jaatil, parantu chean aanee bharatiyanna mantrimandal aanee sansadet pramanbaddh pratinidhitva asel, teey rajya chalvatil jethe teey bahumatat asateel aanee tyanchi aarthik sthitee sanrakshit asel. shikshan vyavasthevar konache niyantran asel haah katheen prashna swatantryanantarparyant pudhe dhakalanyat aala. heey 31 august 1957 roji ghadale, jevha tunku abdul rahman swatantra maleshiyache pahile pantpradhan jhaale.
yamule yaa pradeshatil itar britishshasit pradeshanche kaam apoorn rahile. japani lokanni aatmasamarpan kelyanantar brook kutumb aanee british north bornio companyne anukrame saravak aanee north borneovaril tyanche niyantran sodale aanee tyaa british kraun vasahati banalya. teey malyapeksha aarthikdrushtya khoopach qamee vikasit hote aanee tyanche sthanik rajkiy netrutva swatantryachi magani karnyasathi itake kamkuvat hote. chinchya mothya bahumatasah singapurne 1955 madhye svayatta prapt kelee aanee 1959 madhye yuva nete lii kuan yuu pantpradhan jhaale. bruneicha sultan tyachya teel samruddha antahkshetrat british grahak mhanoon rahila. 1959 teey 1962 darmyan british sarkarne yaa sthanik netyanmadhye aanee malay sarkarmadhye guntaguntichya vataghati aayojit kelya.
24 april 1961 roji lii kuan yoone tunku abdul rahmanchya baithakit maleshiya sthapan karanyachi kalpana mandali, jyanantar tunkune leela yaa kalpanevar tapshilvar lekh tayar karnyasathi aamantrit kele. 9 meey roji lii yanni yaa kagadachi antim aavrutti tunku aanee tyanantar up-malay pantpradhan abdul razak yanchyakade pathavali. yaa kalpanechya vyavhariktababat shanka hotya, parantu lii yanni naveen mahasanghamadhye malay rajkiy varchasva kayam thevanyache aashvasan malay sarkarla dile. razakne naveen mahasanghachya kalpanela pathimba deela aanee tyala pathimba denyasathi tunkula patvoon denyache kaam kele. 27 meey 1961 roji, abdul rahmanane 'maleshiya' sthapan karanyachi kalpana prastavit kelee, jyamadhye brunei, maleshiya, uttar bornio, saravak aanee singapur yancha samavesh asel, malay vagalata serve ajunahi british rajvatikhali asel. asey mhatale gele hote qee yamule kendra sarkarla visheshtah singapurmadhye samyavadi karvayanvar adhik changle niyantran aanee ladha denyas madat hoil. singapur swatantra jhaale tarr too chiinii kattarvadyansathi malay sarvbhaumatvala dhoka nirman karnyasathi eka aadhar banel ashee bhitihi hotee. singapur vyatirikt british pradeshancha prastavit samavesh naveen rashtrachi vanshik rachana malayasarkhich thevanyacha hetu hota, itar pradeshantil malay aanee sthanik loksankhyene singapurmadhil chiinii bahusankhyela radd kele.
lii kuan yuu yanni yaa prastavala pathimba deela asala taree, singapurchya samajvadi aaghaditil (barisan socialis) tyanchya virodhakanni virodh keela aanee assa yuktivad keela qee britishanni yaa pradeshavar niyantran kayam thevanyachi hii eka yukti hotee. saravakmadhil bahutek rajkiy pakshahi vilinikaranala virodh karat hote aanee uttar borniomadhye, jithe konatehi rajkiy paksh navhate, tethe samajachya pratinidhinnihi tyancha virodh darshavala. bruneichya sultanane vilinikaranala pathimba deela asala taree pakshiy rakat bruneinehi tyala virodh keela. 1961 madhye rashtrakul pantpradhananchya parishadet, abdul rahmanane aapala prastav tyachya virodhakanna adhik samajavun sangitala. octobermadhye, tyanni british sarkarkadoon yaa yojnesathi karar keela, parantu vilinikaranat sahbhagi asalelya samudayankadun abhipray midvava.
laurd cobold yaa tyachya pramukhavarun naav dilelya cobled aayogane bornio pradeshanmadhye eka abhyas keela aanee uttar bornio aanee saravakmadhye vilinikaranas manyata dilee; tathapi, asey aadhalun aale qee mothya sankhyene bruneikaranni vilinikaranala virodh keela. north borneone 20-bindu karar mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya gunanchi yadee tayar kelee, jyat naveen mahasanghat tyacha samavesh karnyasathi atty prastavit kelya. sarvakne 18-kalamee karar mhanoon olakhale jaanare asech eka nivedan tayar kele. yaa kararanmadhil kahee mudde antim sanvidhanat samavisht karnyat aale, tarr kahee maukhikpane sweekarle gele. heey nivedan anekada saravak aanee uttar borneoche adhikar kalantarane nasht jhaale aahet asey mananare lock uddhrut karatat. mutt mojanyasathi singapurmadhye sarvmat ghenyat aale aanee 70 takke lokanni rajya sarkarla dilelya bhareev svayattatesaha vilinikaranala pathimba deela. bruneichya saltanatine tyachya loksankhyechya kahee ghatakancha virodh tasech teel royalty aanee niyojit vilinikaranatil sulatanachya darjavaril vadanmule niyojit vilinikaranatun maghar ghetali. yavyatirikt, bruneichya pakshane eka sashastr bund kele, jeey jaree dadapun taknyat aale asale taree naveen rashtrasathi sambhavya asthir karnare mhanoon pahile gele.
cobled aayogachya nishkarshancha aadhava ghetalyanantar, british sarkarne maleshiyachya sanvidhanacha masuda tayar karnyasathi landdown aayogachi niyukti kelee. jaree kahee punarlekhan jhaale asale taree, udaharanarth, bornio rajyanchya mool rahivashanchya vishesh sthanala manyata dett, antim sanvidhan moolatah 1957 chya sanvidhanasarkhech hote. uttar bornio, saravak aanee singapur yannahi malay rajyanna upalabdh nasaleli kahee svayatta denyat aalee hotee. julai 1963 madhye jhalelya vataghatinantar, maleshiya, uttar bornio, saravak aanee singapur yancha samavesh asalela maleshiya 31 august 1963 roji astitvat yeil yavar sahmati jhaali. hii tarikh malayachya swatantryadinashi aanee britishanni saravak aanee uttar borneola swashasana denyashi julanar hotee. tathapi, indoneshiya aanee phillipinesne yaa vikasala tivra virodh keela, indoneshiyane dawa keela qee maleshiya haah "nava-vasahatvad" chya eka rupache pratinidhitva karato aanee phillipinesne uttar borneola aapala pradesh mhanoon dawa keela. sukarnochya netrutvakhalil indonesian sarkarcha virodh aanee saravak united peaples partychya prayatnanni maleshiyachya nirmitila vilamb jhaala. yaa karananmule, uttar bornio aanee saravak yanna kharokharach maleshiyat sameel vhayache aahe qee nahee heey punha nishchit karnyasathi aath sadasyanche sanyukt rashtra sangh tayar karnyat aale. maleshiya, uttar bornio, saravak aanee singapur yancha samavesh asalela maleshiya 16 september 1963 roji aupcharikpane astitvat aala. 1963 saalee maleshiyachi ekoon loksankhya sumare 1 kotee hotee.
swatantryachi aavhane.
swatantryachya velee malayala mothe aarthik fayade hote. rubber, tiin aanee paam teel yaa teen maulyavan vastoonchya jagatil aaghadichya utpadakanpaiki too eka hota aanee eka mahattvapoorn loh khanij utpadak dekhil hota. yaa niryat udhyoganni malay sarkarla audhyogik vikas aanee payabhoot suvidha prakalpanmadhye guntavanuk karnyasathi aarogyadayi atirikt rakkam dilee. 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashkatil itar vikasansheel deshanpramanech, umno haah kadhihi samajvadi paksh nasla taree, malayane (aanee nantar maleshiya) rajya niyojanavar khoop bharr deela. pahilya aanee aanee malay yojananni (anukrame 1956-1960 aanee 1961-1965) udhyogatil rajya guntavanukidware aanee yuddh aanee aanibanichya kalat nuksan jhalelya aanee durlakshit jhalelya raste aanee bandaransarkhya payabhoot suvidhanchya durustidware aarthik vikasala chalana dilee. vastoo niryativaril malayache avalambitva qamee karnyasathi sarkar utsuk hote, jyamule desh chadh-utaranchya dayevar padala. krutrim rabarche utpadan aanee vapar vadhalyane naisargik rabarchi magani qamee honar aahe yachihi sarkarla jaaniv hotee. malay kamgaranpaiki eka trutiyansh lock rubber udhyogat kaam karat asalyane rojgarache paryayi srot vikasit karane mahattvache hote. malyachya rubber bajarasathichya spardhecha arth assa hota qee rubber udhyogachi nafakshamta adhikadhik vetan qamee thevanyavar avalambun hotee, jyamule grameen malyalamchi garibi kayam rahili.
paradeshi aakshep.
indoneshiya aanee phillipines yaa doghannihi maleshiyachya sthapanechya eka divas aadhi, 15 september 1963 roji malayamadhun tyanche rajdoot mage ghetale. jakartamadhye british aanee malay dutavasanvar dagadfek karnyat aalee aanee medanmadhil british vanijya dutavasat todafod karnyat aalee aanee malayachya vanijyadutanni americi vanijya dutavasat aashray ghetala. pratyuttarat maleshiyane aapale rajdoot mage ghetale aanee thayalandala donhi deshanmadhye maleshiyache pratinidhitva karnyas sangitale.
indoneshiyachya shaktishali communist pakshachya (pii. keey. aay.) pathimbyane indoneshiyache adhyaksh sukerno yanni maleshiyala aaplya deshaviruddhacha 'nava-vasahatvadi' cutt mananyacha nirnay ghetala aanee saravakmadhil communist bandkhorila pathimba deela, jyat pramukhyane sthanik chiinii samudayachya ghatakancha samavesh hota. indonesian aniyamit sainyane saravakmadhye ghuskhori kelee, jithe tyanna maleshiya aanee rashtrakul sainyane tabyat ghetale. confrontacy" haah aarthik, rajkiy aanee lashkari sangharshacha kaal 1966 madhye sukarnochya patanaparyant tikala. uttar bornio haah sulucha bhag asalyacha dawa karat phillipinesne mahasanghachya nirmitila aakshep ghetala aanee tyamule phillipinesne. 1966 madhye naveen adhyaksh ferdinand marcos yanni haah dawa mage ghetala, jaree tevhapasoon tyache punarujjivan jhaale aahe aanee ajunahi phillipine-maleshiya sambandhanshi julanara eka vadacha muddah aahe. zambonga prajasattakachya sankshipt bandkhor-rajyatoon chavakanos (spanish creol bhashik peruvian-philipino), tausug aanee samaa-bajaus (sulu saltanatichya) yanche phillipinesmadhun sabah, maleshiya yethe, visheshtah semporna yethe, teey moro sangharshache nirvasit asalyamule, pramukhyane maleshiyachya sarkarkadoon samarthit asalelya phillipinesmadhil yuddhamule, mothya pramanat sthalantar jhaale aahe. heey yuddh phillipineschya sultani samrajyakadun punha jinkanyachya prayatnanna pratyuttar denyasathi ladhale gele. phillipineschya sashastr prayatnanmadhye prayatnanmadhye lahad datoo sangharshacha samavesh aahe.
vanshik kalah.
kalah dashkatil mandee, tyanantar sino-japani yuddh suru jhaale, yacha parinam malayatil chiinii sthalantar sampavanyacha jhaala. yamule loksankhyashastriy paristhiti sthir jhaali aanee tyanchyach deshat malay alpasankhyak honyachi shakyata sampushtat aalee. 1957 madhye swatantryachya velee, maleshiyachi loksankhya 55 takke, cheenchi 35 takke aanee bharatiyanchi 10 takke hotee. bahusankhya chiinii singapurcha samavesh karoon haah samtol badalala, jyamule anek malay aswasth jhaale. mahasanghane chiinii praman 40 takkyanchya jawalpas vadhavale. leechya peaples action partyne (tevha eka kattarpanthi samajvadi paksh mhanoon pahila jaanara) malayatil matdaranna sambhavya aavahan kelyabaddal umno aanee emm. see. aii. doghehi chintagrast hote aanee tyanni leechya sthitila aavhan denyasathi singapurmadhye eka paksh aayojit karnyacha prayatna keela. lii yanni 1964 chya federal nivadnukanmadhye malayamadhye papp umedvaranna ubhe karanyachi dhamki dilee, jaree tyanni asey karnar nahee assa purvicha karar keela hota (papp-onno sambandh pahaa). vanshanmadhil samanatechya uddeshane papney virodhi yutee tayar kelyamule vanshik tanav vadhala. yamule tunku abdul rahmanane singapurne maleshiyatun maghar ghyavi ashee magani karnyas pravrutt kele. singapurla mahasanghacha eka bhag mhanoon thevanyache singapurchya netyanni akherche prayatna karoonahi, 9 august 1965 roji maleshiyachya sansadene singapurchya hakalpattichya bajoone 126-0 matdan kele.
shikshan aanee vanshik samudayanmadhil aarthik shaktichi vishamata heey swatantra maleshiyache sarvat trasdayak mudde hote. singapurchya hakalpattinantarhi, chiinii samudayachya sampattibaddal malayanna naraji vatat hotee. yach aadharavar malay rajkiy chalvali udayala aalya. tathapi, konatahi prabhavi virodhi paksh naslyamule, heey mudde pramukhyane yutee sarkarmadhye ladhavale gele, jyane swatantryanantarchya pahilya malay sansadet eka jaaga vagalata serve jaaga jinkalya. shikshanatil chiinii fayadhyane arthvyavasthevar tyanche niyantran rakhanyat mothee bhoomika bajavali hotee, jee sampavanyacha nirdhar aamano netyanni keela hota, tyamule heey done mudde sambandhit hote. emm. see. aii. nete tyanchya swatachya samudayachya hitsambandhanche rakshan karanyachi garaj aanee umnoshi changle sambandh rakhanyachi garaj yaa donhinmadhye vikhurlele hote. yamule 1959 madhye emm. see. aii. madhye sankat nirman jhaale, jyamadhye liim chong yoochya netrutvakhalil adhik thaam netrutvane shaikshanik muddyavar umonola nakar deela, keval tunku abdul rahmanane yutee todanyachi dhamki dilee tevha tyanna maghar ghenyas bhag padale gele.
1961 chya shikshan kayadyane shikshan samasyevar umnokadoon midavalela vijay vidhimandalachya swarupat aanala. tyamule madhyamik shalanmadhye keval malay aanee ingraji yaa shikavanyachya bhasha asateel aanee rajya prathamik shaala keval malay bhashet shikavatil. jaree chiinii aanee bharatiy samuday tyanchya swatachya chiinii aanee tamil bhashetil prathamik shaala chaloo thevu shakat asale, taree tyanchya serve vidyarthyanna malay shikane aanee manya 'malay abhyaskram' abhyasane aavashyak hote. sarvat mahattvache mhanje, 1970 chya dashkaparyant vidyapithatil bahutansh shikavan ingrajimadhye asali taree, malay vidyapithachi pravesh pariksha (jee 1963 madhye singapurhun kuala lumpurla gelee) malaymadhye ghetali jaat asey. yacha parinam anek chiinii vidyarthyanna vagalanyat jhaala. tyach velee, malay shalanna mothya pramanat anudan dile jaat hote aanee malaysianna pradhanyane vaganuk dilee jaat hotee. emm. see. aii. chya yaa spasht parabhavane chiinii samudayatil tyacha pathimba mothya pramanat kamkuvat jhaala.
shikshanapramanech, aarthik vikasachya kshetratil umano sarkarchya naan bolalya gelelya ajendyacha uddesh aarthik shakti chinpasoon door aanee maleshiyakade valavane haah hota. done malay yojana aanee pahilya malaysian yojanene (1966-1970) grameen malaysian samudayala fayda hoil asha vikasasathi sansadhananche mothya pramanat nirdesh dile, jase qee grameen shaala, grameen raste, davakhane aanee sinchan prakalp. malay chhotya dharkanna tyanche utpadan vadhavanyasathi aanee tyanche utpann vadhavanyasathi anek sanstha sthapan karnyat aalya. federal land development authorityne (felda) anek malesheenna shete kharedi karnyas kinwa tyanchya malkichya shetanche aadhunikikaran karnyas madat kelee. rajyane maleshiyatil lokanna vyavasay suru karnyat madat karnyasathi anek prakarche protsahan aanee qamee vyaj karj dekhil dile aanee sarkari nivida paddhatshirpane maleshiyatil companyanna anukool tharalya, jyamule anek chiinii malkichya vyavasayanni tyanche vyavasthapan 'maleshiyayikaran' kele. yaa sarvanmule chiinii aanee malay jivanmanachya mankanmadhil daree nishchitach qamee jhaali, jaree kahijan assa yuktivad karat hote qee maleshiyacha vyapar aanee samanya samruddhi vadhali mhanoon heey asey ghadale asate.
asate sankat aanee samyavadi bandkhori.
yaa dhorananmadhil emm. see. aii. aanee mayakchya sahkaryane chiinii aanee bharatiy matdar sanghanvaril tyanchi pakad kamkuvat jhaali. tyach velee, 1950 aanee 1960 chya dashkatil sarkarchya sakaratmak krutee dhorananche parinam mhanje, sushikshit parantu alpavyavasayik maleshiyatil asantusht varg nirman karane. heey eka dhokadayak sanyojan hote aanee 1968 madhye maleshiyachya lock chalvalichi (jerakan rakat maleshiya) eka naveen paksh sthapan jhaala. jerakan haah jaanunbujun gair-sampradayik paksh hota, jyane malay kamgar sanghatana aanee buddhijivi tasech chiinii aanee bharatiy netyanna aanale. tyach velee, eka islami paksh, islamik party auph maleshiya (paas) aanee democratic socialist party, democratic action party (dapp) yanna anukrame umano aanee mcachya kimmativar vadhata pathimba midala.
1960 madhye maleshiyatil aanibani sampalyanantar, malaysian communist pakshachi sashastr shakha, pramukhyane vanshik chiinii malaysian rashtriy mukti seena, malaysian-thayaland simevar mage hutley hotee, jithe tyanni punha ekatra yeuun malaysian sarkarviruddha bhavishyatil hallyansathi punha prashikshan ghetale hote. 17 juuna 1968 roji emm. see. pii. neey praydvipiy maleshiyachya uttarekadil kroh-betong yethe suraksha dalanvar hallah keela tevha bandkhori adhikrutpane suru jhaali. britishanni purvi kelyapramane aanibanichi sthitee ghoshit karnyaivaji, maleshiya sarkarne suraksha aanee vikas karyakram (kesban), rukun tetanga (shejarche paharekari) aanee rela corps (lokancha svayamsevak gut) yasah anek dhoranatmak upkram suru karoon bandkhorila pratisad deela.
meey 1969 chya sanghiy nivadnukanmadhye, aamno-emm. see. aii.-mike aaghadila keval 48 takke matey midali, jaree tyanni vidhimandalat bahumat kayam thewale. emm. see. aii. neey chiinii bahusankhya jaaga jerakan kinwa dapp umedvarankadun gamavalya. vijayi virodhakanni vyapak badal karnyachya tyanchya hetucha sanket mhanoon samarthakanni zaadu dharoon kualalampurchya mukhya rastyanvar motargadi aayojit karoon utsav sajra keela. badalancha tyanchyasathi kaay arth asoo shakato yaa bhitimule (deshatil bahutek vyavasay chiinii malakiche asalyane), malay bhashetil ulatsulat pratikriya, jyamule vegane dangli aanee aantar-jaatiy hinsachar jhaala jyamadhye sumare 6,000 chiinii ghare aanee vyavasay jaalanyat aale aanee kiman 184 lock marle gele, jaree tyaa velee pashchatya mutsaddi sutranni sumare 600 lokancha aakada suchavala hota, jyat bahutansh balee chiinii hote. sarkarne aanibanichi sthitee jaheer kelee aanee upapantpradhan tuna abdul razak yanchya netrutvakhalil rashtriy operations kaunsilane tunku abdul rahman yanchya sarkarkadoon satta ghetali, jyanna september 1970 madhye abdul razakchya bajoone nivrutt honyas bhag padale gele. tyat nauu sadasya hote, mukhytah malay, aanee sampoorn rajkiy aanee lashkari shakti tyancha hota.
aapatkalin kalatil antargat suraksha kayada (aay. ess. aii.) vaparoon, naveen sarkarne sansad aanee rajkiy pakshanna nilambit kele, prasarmadhyamanvar sensorship lagoo kelee aanee rajkiy kriyakalapanvar kathor nirbandh ladale. aay. ess. aii. neey sarkarla konatyahi vyaktila khatalyashivay anishchit kalasathi najarkaidet thevanyacha adhikar deela. sarkarchya tikakaranna gup karnyasathi yaa adhikarancha mothya pramanavar vapar keela gela aanee teey kadhihi radd karnyat aale naheet. sansademadhyehi, malaysian rajeshahi, deshatil maleshiyatil vishesh sthan kinwa rashtriy bhasha mhanoon maleshiyatil darja yavar konatihi teeka bekaydeshir karnyasathi sanvidhanat badal karnyat aala.
1971 madhye sansadechi punarrachana jhaali aanee yutee pakshachya jaagi 1973 madhye barisan national hii naveen sarkari yutee sthapan karnyat aalee. yaa yutimadhye umano, emm. see. aii., mayak, gerakan, ppp aanee sabah aanee saravakmadhil pradeshik pakshancha samavesh hota. paas dekhil aaghadit sameel jhaale parantu 1977 madhye tyanchi hakalpatti karnyat aalee. dapp haah ekmev mahattvacha virodhi paksh mhanoon baher thevanyat aala. abdul razak 1976 madhye nidhan hoiparyant padavar hota. tyachya jaagi umanoche sansthapak one jaffar yancha mulga datuk hussen one aanee nantar 1981 pasoon shikshan mantri asalele aanee 22 varshe satta gajavanare tuna mahatir mohammed heey sattevar aale.
yaa varshanmadhye dhorane tayar karnyat aalee jyamule maleshiyachi arthvyavastha aanee samajat zapatyane parivartan jhaale, jase qee vadgrast naveen aarthik dhoran, jyacha uddesh itar vanshik gatanchya tulanet bumiputranchya aarthik "paee" chaa vaataa pramananusar vadhavane haah hota-pantpradhan tuna abdul razak yanni suru keela. tevhapasoon maleshiyane eka najuk vanshik-rajkiy santulan rakhale aahe, jyamadhye serve vanshanchya samaan sahbhagala protsahan pathimba rajkiy aanee aarthik dhoranansah ekoon aarthik vikas ektrit karnyacha prayatna pakshantar sarkari vyavasthecha samavesh aahe.
aadhunik maleshiya.
1970 madhye daridrya reshekhalil teen chaturthansh malaysian malay hote, bahusankhya malaysian ajunahi grameen kamgar hote aanee malaysian ajunahi aadhunik arthvyavasthetun mothya pramanat vagalale gele hote. 1971 teey 1990 yaa chaar panchvarshik yojananchya malikedware amalat aanayache 1971 chey naveen aarthik dhoran haah sarkarcha pratisad hota. yaa yojanechi done uddishte hotih garibeeche nirmulan, visheshtah grameen garibeeche nirmulan aanee vansh aanee samruddhi yanchyatil olakh door karane. yaa nantarchya dhoranacha arth chiinii lokankadoon malaysiamadhye aarthik shaktimadhye nirnayak badal karane assa samajala jaat hota, jeey toparyant vyavsayik vargachya keval 5 takke hote.
yaa serve naveen malay padvidharanna rojgar denyasathi sarkarne arthvyavasthet hastakshep karnyasathi anek sanstha tayar kelya. yapaiki sarvat mahattvache hote parna (rashtriy mahamandal limited.), petronas (rashtriy petroleum limited.), aanee hicom (maleshiyache avjad udyog mahamandal), jyanni anek malaysiansana thet rojgar deela, asey nahee tarr malaysianna pradhanya pathimba naveen tantrik aanee prashasakeey prashasakeey nirman karnyasathi arthvyavasthechya vadhatya kshetranmadhye guntavanuk kelee. parinami, arthvyavasthet malay sambhagacha vaataa 1969 madheel 1.5 takkyanvarun 1990 madhye 20.3% paryant vadhala aanee maleshiyatil serve prakarchya vyavasayanchi takkewari 39 takkyanvarun 68 takkyanparyant vadhali. haah nantarcha aakada fasavanara hota kaaran malay malakiche disanare anek vyavasay ajunahi apratyakshapane chiinii niyantranakhali hote, parantu arthvyavasthet malay vaataa lakshaniy vadhala yaat shanka nahee. maleshiyachya aarthik jeevanat chiinii lock asman pramanat shaktishali rahile, parantu 2000 paryant chiinii aanee malay vyavasayatil farak qamee hott gela kaaran anek naveen kampanya, visheshtah mahitee tantradnyanasarkhya vikas kshetranmadhye, donhi vanshik gatatil lokanchya malkichya aanee vyavasthapit hotya.
mahathir prashasana.
16 julai 1981 roji vayachya 56 vya varshi mahatir mohammed yanni pantpradhan mhanoon shapath ghetali. patrakar samad ismel aanee hussen sarkarmadhil majee upmantri abdullah ahmed, jyanna bhoomigat communist asalyacha sanshay hota, asha antargat suraksha kayadyantargat thevanyat aalelya 21 kaidyanchi sutka karane heey tyanche pahile kaam hote. tyanni aapala jawalcha mitra musa hitam yachee upapantpradhan mhanoon niyukti kelee.
1990 madhye malaysian naveen aarthik dhoranachi (nepa) mudat sampalyane mahatirla maleshiyasathichya tyachya aarthik drushtikonachi ruparesha tayar karata aalee. 1991 madhye tyanni vision 2020 chee ghoshana kelee, jyaantargat maleshiya 30 varshant purnapane vikasit desh bananyache uddisht thewel. yaa uddishtasathi varshik sakal deshantargat utpadanachya andaje saat takke sarasari aarthik vikas aavashyak aahe. 2020 chya drushtikonanpaiki eka vaishishtya mhanje haloohaloo vanshik adthale door karane. drushtikon 2020 sobat nepalche rashtriy vikas dhoran (aine. dii. pii.) badalanyat aale, jyaantargat bumiputerachya fayadhyasathi visheshpane tayar kelele kahee sarkari karyakram itar vanshikansathi khule karnyat aale. aine. dii. pii. neey tyachya mukhya uddishtanpaiki eka, daridrya qamee karnyat yash midavale. 1995 paryant, nauu takkyanhun qamee malaysian lock garibeet jagat hote aanee utpannachi asamanata qamee jhaali hotee. mahatirchya sarkarne parkeey guntavanuk aakarshit karnyasathi corporate karanmadhye kapat kelee aanee aarthik niyam udar kele. 1997 paryant arthvyavastha darvarshi nauu takkyanhun adhik vadhali, jyamule itar vikasansheel deshanna mahathir yanchya dhorananche anukaran karnyas pravrutt kele. kele dashkatil maleshiyachya aarthik vikasache bahutansh shrey, mahatir yanni yanni arthamantri mhanoon niyukt kelelya anvar ibrahimla gele. sarkarne aarthik latavar chadhai kelee aanee aanee nivadanuk vadhatya bahumatane jinkley.
mahathir yanni 1990 chya dashakat anek pramukh payabhoot suvidha prakalp suru kele. sarvat mothya margkanpaiki eka mhanje mahitee tantradnyan udhyogachi purtata karnyasathi tayar kelela silicon silicon sanchetil, kualalampurchya dakshinekadil eka kshetra, multimedia super corridor. matra, apekshit guntavanuk nirman karnyat haah prakalp apayashi tharala. mahatirchya itar prakalpanmadhye maleshiyachya sarvajanik seveche ghar mhanoon putrajayacha vikas aanee sepangmadhye vann grand prix sootra aanane yancha samavesh hota. sarvat vadgrast ghadamodinpaiki eka mhanje saravakmadhil bakun dharan. maleshiya dweepkalpatil vijechi magani purn karnyasathi dakshin chean samudratoon veej vahoon nene haah mahatvakankshi jalvidhyut prakalp hota. ashiyai aarthik sankatamule dharanache kaam akheris sthagit karnyat aale.
1997 madhye, julai 1997 madhye thayalandmadhye suru jhalelya ashiyai aarthik sankatane maleshiyacha naash karnyacha dhoka nirman keela. chalanachya andajanmule ringitche moolya ghasarale, parkeey guntavanuk paloon gelee aanee mukhya share bajar nirdeshank 75 takkyanhun adhik ghasarala. aantarrashtriy vittiy nidhichya (aay. emm. eff.) aagrahavarun sarkarne sarkari kharchat kapat kelee. tyane vyajdar vadhavale, jyamule keval aarthik paristhiti bighadali. 1998 madhye, eka vadgrast drushtikonatun, mahathirne aay. emm. eff. aanee tyacha swatacha sahkari anvar yala virodh karoon haah dhoranatmak marg ulatavala. tyane sarkari kharchat vaadh kelee aanee ringit american dollarver nishchit keela. yaa nikalane tyache aantarrashtriy samikshak aanee aay. emm. eff. gondhaloon gele. maleshiya tyachya aagney ashiyai shejari deshanpeksha vegane sankatatoon savarla.
deshantargat kshetrat haah eka rajkiy vijay hota. hota aarthik ghadamodindarmyan, mahatir yanni anvar yanna arthamantri aanee upapantpradhan mhanoon barkhast kele. anvarchi dhorane asoonahi aata too arthvyavasthela vachavanyacha dawa karoo shakala. mahathirne anvarla barkhast kelyanantar lagechach, anvar aanee tyachya samarthakanni "sudharak" chalval suru kelee. tyat dirghkalapasunchya barisan nessional aaghadi sarkarchya virodhat anek samoohik nidarshane aanee morche hote. manavadhikar gut aanee anek paradeshi sarkaranni teeka kelelya laingik sambandhanchya khatalyanantar april 1999 madhye tyanna turungat taknyat aale.
2002 madhye umanochya aamsabhet, mahatirne jaheer kele qee too pantpradhanpadacha rajinama deil, keval samarthakanni manchavar dhaav gheuun tyanna rahnyasathi ashru anavar karoon patvoon denyasathi. tyanantar tyane aktoobar 2003 sathee nivrutti nishchit kelee, jyamule tyala tyacha abhishikt uttaradhikari abdullah badavikade suvyavasthit aanee nirvivad sankraman sunishchit karnyasathi vel midala. 22 varshanhun adhik kaal padavar rahilele mahatir heey nivrutt jhalyavar jagatil sarvat jaast kaal nivadoon aalele nete hote.
abdullah prashasana.
abdullah ahmed badavi yanni pachve pantpradhan jhalyavar bhrashtacharaviruddha ladha denyache vachan dile, asha prakare bhrashtacharvirodhi sansthanna saksham kele aanee janatela bhrashtachar ughad karnyasathi adhik marg upalabdh karoon dile. tyanni islam hadhari mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya islamchya vyakhyeche samarthan kele, jeey islam aanee aarthik aanee tantrik vikas yanchyatil parasparsanvadache samarthan karate. tyanchya prashasanane maleshiyachya krishi udhyogache punarujjivan karnyavar aanee deshachi ann suraksha sunishchit karnyavarhi bharr deela.
2004 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit, abdullah badavichya netrutvakhalil barisan nessionalne prachand vijay midavala, pratyakshat paas aanee kedilancha naash keela, jaree 1999 madhye haravalelya jaaga dapney parat midavalya. haah vijay pramukhyane abdullachi vaiyaktik lokpriyata aanee maleshiyachya arthvyavasthechya majboot punarprapticha parinam mhanoon pahila gela, jyane anek malaysian lokanche jivanman unchavale aahe, tasech eka aprabhavi virodh dekhil aahe.
majee upapantpradhan anvar ibrahim yanni september 2004 madhye turungatoon sutka jhalyanantar, nyayalayane tyanchi laingik sambandhatil shiksha radd karnyat hastakshep naan kelyabaddal abdullah badavi yanna sarvajanikaritya shrey dile.
november 2007 madhye, malaysiamadhye done sarkarvirodhi morche jhaale. jhaale barsih sabha 10 november 2007 roji kualalampur yethe nivadanuk sudharanansathi prachar karnyasathi aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. 1973 pasoon sattet asalelya sattadhari rajkiy paksh, barisan nationalla mothya pramanat pathimba pathimba malaysian nivadanuk vyavasthetil bhrashtachar aanee visangatinchya aaropanmule heey ghadale.
tyach mahinyat, 25 november 2007 roji, hindu rites action forcechya (hindraf) netrutvakhali kualalampur yethe aanakhi eka morcha kadhanyat aala. hindraf yanni vanshik maleshiyanchya bajoone asalelya kathit bhedbhavpurn dhorananvar nishedh vyakt keela hota. donhi prakarananmadhye, sarkar aanee polisanni melave houu nayet yasathi prayatna kele. 15 aktoobar 2008 roji sarkarne yaa sanghatanela rashtriy surakshesathi dhoka asalyache sambodhale tevha hindrafvar bandee ghalanyat aalee.
march 2008 madhye jhalelya 2008 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit abdullah badavi qamee bahumatasah pantpradhan mhanoon punha nivadoon aale. nivadanukit, tyanchya paksh, barisan nessionalne alp bahumat midavale parantu virodhi kararamule tyanche done trutiyansh bahumat aanee paach rajye gamavali. jaree barisanla motha dhakka basala asala taree, mahatir, virodhi paksh aanee agadi aamano sadasyanchya rajinamyachya aavahanadarmyan abdullah badavine aaplya jahiranamyatil aashvasne purn karnyache vachan dile. matra, tyanche upapantpradhan najib razak aanee tyanchya pakshatil itaranni tyanchya netrutvala spasht pathimba darshavala. talagalatil khulya matbhed nirman honyas kahee vel lagla, jyamule tyanchya rajinamyachi magani pakshantar yachika aanee mohima tayar jhalya.
bhrashtacharala tond denyat apayash aalyane aanee 2008 chya malaysian sarvatrik nivadanukit tyanchi kamgiri khalavalyamule abdullah yanchyavar vadhatya tikechi zod uthali. tyamule aktoobar 2008 madhye tyanni pudhil morcha sodanyacha aapala hetu jaheer keela. abdullahchya jaagi april 2009 madhye tyacha sahkari, najib razak (abdul razakcha mulga) haah padavar aala.
najib prashasana.
1 maleshiya moheem 2009 chya unhalyat najib razakne suru kelee hotee.
15 september 2011 roji, najibne ghoshana kelee qee antargat suraksha kayada 1960 radd keela jaeel aanee tyachya jaagi done naveen kayade kele jaatil. aay. ess. aii. chee jaaga suraksha gunhe (vishesh upay) kayada 2012 neey ghetali aanee radd keela, joou sansadene manjur keela aanee 18 juuna 2012 roji shahee sammati denyat aalee. haah kayada 31 julai 2012 roji lagoo jhaala.
janewari 2012 madhye, anvar ibrahimaviruddhache 2008 chey aarop, jeey anvarne nehmich rajkiy badnami mohimecha bhag asalyache sangitale hote, teey done varshanchya khatalya nantar fetalanyat aale, parantu nantar 2014 madhye apeal nyayalayane hii nirdosh muktata fetalali aanee tyala paach varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha sunavanyat aalee. 2015 madhye tyala shiksha bhoganyasathi salingai buloh turungat, selangor yethe pathvanyat aale.
februwari 2013 chya suruvatila, lahad datumadhye ghuskhori jhaali, eka lashkari sangharsh suru jhaala jevha shekado dahashatvadi, jyapaiki kahee sashastr hote, dakshinekadil philipinesmadhil tavee-tavee yetheel simunul betavarun maleshiyachya sabah yetheel lahad datoo jeelhyat botindware aale. yaa gatala jamalul kiram tisra yane pathavale hote, joou sulu saltanatichya sinhasanavar eka davedar hota. ghuskhorila pratyuttar mhanoon, malaysian suraksha dalanni dahashatvadyanna mage hatavanyasathi eka mothee moheem suru kelee, parinami malaysiancha nirnayak vijay jhaala jyamule march 2013 chya uttaradhat sangharsh sampala. dahashatvadyanchya nirmulanenantar, purv sabah suraksha kamand (escom) sthapan karnyat aalee.
8 march 2014 roji maleshiya airlinesche viman 370 kualalampur teey beijingla jaat asatana bepatta jhaale. vimanatil 239 pravasi aanee karmchari mrut asalyache gruheet dharale gele. keval chaar mahinyanantar, purv yukrenmadhye russia samarthit dahashatvadyanchya niyantranakhalil pradeshavarun uddan kartana maleshiya airlinesche viman 17 heey jaminivarun havet maaraa karoon padnyat aale, tevha 298 lock thaar jhaale.
1 april 2015 roji, najibne vastoo aanee sevanvar 6 takke curr vivadaspadpane manjur keela. tyaa varshachya uttaradhat, jevha najib aanee itar adhikari kotyavadhi dollarschya ghotalyat aanee munny laundering yojnet adakale gele, jyat 1 maleshiya development barhad barhad. dii. bii.), loow take zochya netrutvakhalil sarkari malkicha guntavanuk nidhi samavisht hota, tevha najibchya rajinamyasathi virodhi pakshansah bahutek maleshiyanankadun vyapak maganya aanee nishedh suru jhaale. yaa nidarshanancha shevat mahatir mohammed, paktan harpan aanee ngo yanni najibala hatavanyacha prayatna pakshantar malaysian nagarikanchya ghoshanet jhaala.
mukt, pardarshak aanee nishpaksh nivadanuka sadhya karnyasathi maleshiyachya vidyaman nivadanuk vyavasthet sudharana karnyachya uddeshane, najib prashasanadarmyan, barsih chalvaline 2011 teey 2016 yaa kalat chaar sabha ghetalya. swachchh prashasana aanee manavadhikar yasarkhya muddyancha samavesh karnyasathi yaa chalvaline aaplya magnyancha vistar keela. najibvar tyachi patni rosma mansorchya bhavya jivanshailibaddalhi teeka jhaali hotee.
bhrashtacharachya aaropanna pratyuttar mhanoon, najibne tatkalin upapantpradhan muhiddin yaseen yanna hatvoon, done vartamanpatre nilambit karoon aanee sansadedvare vadgrast rashtriy suraksha parishad vidheykavar dabav aanat sattevar aapali pakad majboot kelee, jeey pantpradhananna abhootpurv adhikar dete. najibchya anudanachya anek kapatinmule rahnimanacha kharch gaganala bhidala aahe, tarr teel daratil chadh-utaar aanee kahee. dii. bii. ghotalyachya parinamanmule malaysian ringit qamee jhaala aahe. 2018 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit barisan nationalcha parabhav jhalyanantar, heey sampale.
maleshiya aanee uttar koria yanchyatil sambandh 2017 madhye, maleshiyatil kiim jong-namchya hatyenantar bighadale, jyane jaagtik mathalya banalya aanee donhi deshanmadhye eka motha rajnaitik vaad nirman jhaala.
dusare mahatir prashasana.
2016 madhye uno sodalelya aanee itar teen rajkiy pakshansobat miloon paktan harapan sthapan pakshantar maleshiyachya sanyukt swadeshi pakshachi (berasatu) sthapana pakshantar mahatir mohammed yanni 10 meey 2018 roji nivadanuk jinkalyanantar maleshiyache satve pantpradhan mhanoon shapath ghetali. tyanni barisan nationalche netrutva pakshantar najib razak yancha parabhav keela. sadhya suru asalela asalela vikas barhad barhad. dii. bii.) ghotala, 6 takke vastoo aanee seva curr aanee vadhata jivanman kharch yasah anek samasyanmule najibchya parabhwala hatbhar lagla. heey dekhil ullekhaneey hote qee 1957 nantar prathamach virodhi aaghadine sattadhari pakshakadoon sarkar tabyat ghetale.
pantpradhan mhanoon niyukti jhalyanantar, mahathirne "kayadyache rajya punarsanchayit karnyache" aanee 1 maleshiyachya vikas barhad ghotalyachi vistrut aanee pardarshak chaukashi karnyache aashvasan dile. mahathirne prasarmadhyamanna sangitale qee, najib razakala chukichya kamansathi doshi aadhalalyas tyache parinam bhogave lagtil. mahatirne immigration vibhagala najib aanee tyachi patni rosma mansore yanni indoneshiyala jaanyacha prayatna kelyanantar tyanna desh sodanyas manai karnyache nirdesh dile.
anvar ibrahimla sampoorn shahee kshama denyat aalee aanee 16 meey 2018 roji tyala turungatoon sodanyat aale. jee. eae. 14 purvi yuteene tharavalyapramane aanee manya kelyapramane pantpradhan mahatir mohanmad yanchyakadun bage haatee ghenyasathi tyala niyukt karnyat aale.
1 juuna 2018 roji aprasiddha curr 0 takkyanparyant qamee karnyat aala. mahathir yanchya netrutvakhalil maleshiya sarkarne 31 julai 2018 roji (diwan rakyat) sansadet jee. ess. tii. radd karnyasathi pahile vachan vidheyak sadar kele. 1 september 2018 pasoon jee. ess. tii. chee jaaga vikri curr aanee seva karane yashasviritya badalanyat aalee.
mahatirchya prashasanane aadhichya sarkarne suru kelelya maleshiyatil serve pattya aanee raste upkram prakalpancha aadhava ghenyache aashvasan dile. tyanni hyanche varnan 'asman karar' asey kele aanee kahee kahee. dii. bii. ghotalyatil gairavapar kelelya nidhishi sambandhit asalyache sangitale. sarkarne purv kinarpatti railway margache kaam sthagit kele aanee atinvar punha vataghati kelyanantar teey suru thewale. maleshiya chinala dilelya aaplya aaplya paratfed karoo shakanar nahee asey sangoon mahatirne chean petroleum pipeline beuroshi kelele andaje 2.8 abj dollarsche saude purnapane radd kele.
mahathir yanni corian shantata prakriyeche samarthan kele aanee maleshiya uttar koriyamadhye aapala dutavas punha ughadel aanee sambandh punha suru karel ashee ghoshana kelee.
28 september 2018 roji mahathir yanni sanyukt rashtranchya aamsabhela sambodhit kele qee tyanche sarkar serve prakarchya vanshik bhedbhavachya nirmulanavaril aantarrashtriy adhiveshanala (aay. see. eae. aar. dii.) manyata denyache vachan deil. tathapi, yaa adhiveshnaviruddha, visheshtah bumiputrankadun vanshik aanee dharmik aaropakhali nidarshane jhalyanantar kahee aathvadyanni, paktan harpan sarkarne 23 november 2018 roji icerdmadhye sameel naan honyacha nirnay ghetala.
mahatir yanni aktoobar 2019 madhye samayik samruddhi drushtikon 2030 jaheer keela, jyane serve vanshik gatanche utpann vadhavane, tantradnyan kshetravar laksh kendrit karane aanee 2030 paryant maleshiya uchch utpann asalela desh banane yasathi sankalp keela. yaa ghoshanet tyanni heey sadhya karnyasathi aadhichya prashasanachya 'sattecha gairavapar' aanee 'bhrashtachar' yaa shabdanna mage takanyache vachan dile.
mahatir yanchya karyakalat maleshiyachya vruttpatra swatantryat kinchit sudharana jhaali aanee vruttpatra swatantrya nirdeshankat deshacha kramank vadhala.
paktan harpan aaghaditil rajkiy antargat kalah, tasech tyacha niyukt uttaradhikari anvar ibrahim yachyakade satta hastantaranachya tarkhechi anishchitata lavkarach februwari 2020 madhye sheraton chaal mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya rajkiy sankatat parinami jhaali.
muhiddin prashasana.
1 march 2020 roji, deshala rajkiy sankatat taklyanantar eka aathvadyanantar, mahatir mohanmadane sahaa divas aadhi achanak rajinama dilyanantar, yang dii-pertuan agongane muhiddin yasinla aathve pantpradhan mhanoon niyukt kele, jyamule paktan harpan kosalale. padalelya sarkarchya jaagi naveen perikatan national (pii. aine.) yutee sarkar sthapan karnyat aale, jyamadhye barsatu, bii. aine., paas, jee. pii. ess. aanee jee. bii. ess., tasech pakshantar pakshantar anek paktan harpan emm. pii. ess., jeey barsatu nete muhiddin yanchya netrutvakhali hote. ekach velee sansadiy aanee rajya asha donhi jaaga dharan karat maleshiyachya pantpradhan padavar niyukt jhaleli tee pahili vyakti aahe. tyanchya prashasanadarmyan, chinmadhil wuhan yethe ugam pavalela covid-19 haah aajaar deshbharat pasarla. yaa pratisadat, muhyidinane 18 march 2020 roji sampoorn maleshiyat haah rog pasarnyapasun rokhanyasathi malaysian halchal niyantran aadesh (emm. see. oo.) lagoo keela.
28 julai 2020 roji, uchch nyayalayane majee pantpradhan najib razak yanna sattecha gairavapar, munny laundering aanee vishvasaghat yaa serve satahi gunhyanmadhye doshi tharavale, bhrashtacharasathi doshi tharalele maleshiyache pahile pantpradhan banale aanee tyanna 12 varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha aanee 210 dashalaksh rupaye dand thothavala.
janewari 2021 chya madhyat, covid-19 sankat aanee pantpradhan muhiddin yanchya perikatan anushasanatmak sarkarmadhil rajkiy antargat sangharshala pratisad mhanoon yang dii-pertuan agongane kiman 1 augustparyant rashtriy aanibanichi sthitee ghoshit kelee. yaa aanibanichya kalat sansad aanee nivadanuka sthagit karnyat aalya, tarr maleshiya sarkarla manjurishivay kayade aananyacha adhikar denyat aala.
februwari 2021 chya uttaradhat muhiddinne covid-19 viruddha deshatil lasikaran karyakram suru keela aanee jevha tee deshbharat thet prasarit karnyat aalee tevha manyataprapt pii. fizer-biotech covid-19 lus prapt karnari tee maleshiyatil pahili vyakti tharali.
19 march 2021 roji, uttar koreane maleshiyashi rajnaitik sambandh todanyachi ghoshana kelee, jevha kualalampur uchch nyayalayane uttar koriyacha vyapari muun chola myong yache americet pratyarpan karnyache apeal, munny laundringchya aaropanvar fetalale, jeey tyachya vakilanni pramukhyane singapurmadhil tyachya kriyakalapanshi sambandhit asalyache sangitale. tyanantar maleshiyane uttar koriyachya rajdutachi hakalpatti kelee, deshatil uttar koriyacha dutavas bund keela aanee pyongyangmadhil swatacha dutavas prabhavipane bund keela. tevhapasoon maleshiyane uttar koriyachya rajdhanit konatehi mutsaddi pathavale naheet.
deshachya rajkiy sankatamule bahumatacha pathimba gamavalyanantar, tasech aarthik sthairya aanee 2020 aanee 2021 chya uttaradhat covid-19 sansarg aanee mrutyunmadhye vikrami vaadh rokhanyat sarkar apayashi tharalyamule tyanchya rajinamyachi magani kelyanantar muhiddinne 16 august 2021 roji pantpradhanpadacha adhikrutpane rajinama deela. tyanantar yang dii-pertuan agongane tyanchi badali naan hoiparyant kaljivahu pantpradhan mhanoon niyukti kelee.
ismel sabri prashasana.
muhiddin yaseen yanche majee upapantpradhan ismel sabri yakub yanni 21 august 2021 roji navve pantpradhan mhanoon shapath ghetali. 22 august 2021 roji pantpradhan mhanoon tyanchya udghatan bhashanadarmyan ismel sabarine 'keluarga maleshiya' kalpana sadar kelee. hii kalpana 23 aktoobar 2021 roji cooching, sarvak yethe adhikrutpane suru karnyat aalee. tyanchya karyakalat, lasikaran karyakramachya vistaranantar tyanni halchal niyantran aadesh (emm. see. oo.) uthavala aanee baravya maleshiya yojaneche nirikshan kele.
august 2022 madhye majee pantpradhan najib razak yanna tyanchi shiksha bhoganyasathi kajang turungat pathvanyat aale.
2022 chya uttaradhat, eka ghatanatmak durusti manjur karnyat aalee, jee sansad sadasyanna rajkiy paksh badalanyas pratibandhit karate. pakshatil antargat kalah mitavanyasathi aanee majboot janadesh midvanyasathi anek aamano khasdaranni 2022 chya akheripurvi purvaniyojit nivadanukiche aavahan karnyas suruvat kelee, aanee aamano sarvoch parishadene septemberchya akheris yala sahmati darshavali. yamule november 2022 madhye purvichya sarvatrik nivadanuka jhalya, jyacha parinam trishanku sansadet jhaala, deshachya itihasat asha prakarcha nikal denari hii pahili sanghiy nivadanuk hotee. 
kedahmadhye sarvat jaast nuksanasah, jaree qamee vaataa asala taree, paktan harpan hii diwan rakatmadhye sarvadhik jaaga asaleli yutee rahili. perikatan natialne dweepkalpiy maleshiyachya vayavya aanee purv kinarpattichya rajyanna bhuskhalanat zodapun kadhale, perlis, kellenton aanee terengganu yaa rajyanmadhil pratyek jaaga jinkley aanee kedahmadhil eka vagalata serve jaaga jinkalya. aitihasikdrushtya prabhavi asalelya barisan nessionalne perikatan nesanalkadun bahutansh jaaga gamavalyane teey teey sthanavar ghasarale.
anvar prashasana.
24 november 2022 roji yang dii-pertuan agong yanni paktan harapan (ph) chey adhyaksh anvar ibrahim yanchi yanchi pantpradhan mhanoon niyukti kelee aanee shapath ghetali, kaaran anvarla ph, bn, gps, warrison, muda, pbm aanee swatantra mpskadun pathimba midala aahe.
anvar ibrahimne 19 janewari 2023 roji putrajaya yethe rashtriy dhoran mhanoon 'maleshiya madani' sankalpana suru kelee. navve pantpradhan ismel sabri yakub yanchya aadhichya prashasanatil 'keluarga maleshiya' sankalpanechi jaaga mhanoon heey kaam karate.

