
nivadanuk aatmasamarpan

nivadanuk aatmasamarpan () haah suruvatila europechya kahee bhaganmadhye, pramukhyane pavitra roman samrajyat eka lekhee karar hota, jyamadhye 13 vya shatkapasoon, rajkumar-bishapchya umedwarala rikt baithakisathi bishapchi nivad karnyapurvi cathedral prakaranane sadar kelelya purv atinchya sanchala sahmati darshavavi lagali.
1519 madhye samrat charles pachvyachya nivadanukipasun suruvat houn, rajkumar-nivadkartyanni bhavishyatil samratala ashach prakarche nivadanuk aatmasamarpan sadar kele. episcopal aanee shahee asha donhi prakarchya sharanagatimadhye, umedvarane tyachya nivadichya velee sharanagatimadhye tharavalelya atty aanee shartincha aadar karanyachi shapath ghetali. sharanagatine sahasa matdaranchya visheshadhikaranchi pushti kelee aanee bhavishyatil rajkumar-bishop kinwa samratachya sattecha vapar karnyachya adhikaravar maryada ghatalya.
pavitra roman samrajya.
episcopal nivadanuka.
rajkumar-bishapanchya nivadanukit nivadanuk aatmasamarpanancha vapar 13 vya shatkachya purvardhat suru jhaala aanee pavitra roman samrajyachya serve rajkumar-bishpinmadhye pasarla. 1695 madhye pope nirdosh sahava aanee 1698 madhye samrat yanni episcopal nivadanukanchya aadhi sharanagativar bandee ghatali hotee, parantu cathedralchya shakhanni yaa bandikade durlaksh kele aanee 19 vya shatkachya suruvatiparyant bishop mhanoon shapath ghenanya episcopalanni sharanagati patkarali.
shahee nivadanuka.
13vya shatkapasoon, pavitra roman samrajyatil roman rajanchya nivadanukisathichi nivadanuk sanstha hii rajkumar matdar mhanoon olakhalya jaananya shaktishali rajkumarancha gut hotee. aanee 1519 madhye samrat charles wii. chya nivadipasoon, rajkumar matdaranni bhavishyatil roman-german samratala eka 'vahlakapitulation' ('capitulasio sizeriya') sadar kele. 
westfeliyachya shantatechya chaukatimadhye franceberoberchya vataghatidarmyan, ferdinand tisarache 'vahlakapitulation', jyane samrajyavadi adhikar ('reachsrect') aanee samrajyavadi vasahati ('reachesgooter') kadhoon takanyachi tartud kelee hotee, tee radd karnyat aalee aanee francela alses aanee laurenmadhil pradeshanvar sampoorn sarvbhaumatva denyat aale.
1711chey kayamswarupi nivadanuk aatmasamarpan kinwa 'standies vahlacapitulation' ('capitulasio perpitua') haah bhavishyatil rajansathi niyam aagau nirdisht kelelya 'vahlacapitulation' madhye mandanyacha prayatna hota. tyat asha tartudincha samavesh hota, jyamule samrajyache vanshparamparagat rajeshahimadhye rupantar karnyas manai hotee. asha prakare rajkumar matdaranni tyanchi rajkiy sthitee rakhanyacha prayatna keela. tathapi, yaa kagadpatranna kadhihi samratane manyata dilee nahee aanee mhanoon kadhihi shahee kayadyat ("reachsgessetz") badhati dilee gelee nahee.
scandinavia.
norweymadhye, 1449 (khrishchan pahila aanee charles nutson) teey 1648 yaa kalavadhit nivadanuk aatmasamarpan vaparale gele, 1449 aanee 1524 (fredrick pahila) chya nivadanuk aatmasamarpanancha vapar keval norwella keela gela, tarr urvarit denmarkla lagoo kele gele, parantu rajane vaiyaktik sangharajyat rajya kelyamule tyanni svayamchalitapane norwellahi arj keela. 1648chya sharanagatinantar 1660madhye nirankushadhikar aala. rajyabhishekakarta sharanagati hii purvat hotee. sharanagati aanee rajyabhishekachya darmyanchya kalat, rajala 'nivadoon aalela raja' ('erwalter conig' kinwa 'youtwalt konge') hii padvi denyat aalee. vaiyaktik kagadpatranmadhye khoop farak asoonahi, tyaa sarvanmadhye eka gosht samaan aaheh teey "reichsratsconsitustions" ("imperial council constitutionalism") chya tattvanvar jore detat, jyat mahattvapoorn sarkari nirnayanmadhye sahbhagi honyasathi imperial councilche ("reachsrat") adhikar aahet. mool-janmalelya kuleen vargala sarkari padanche vatap karane dekhil vadhalele hote-german kulinavargavar denmarkmadhye, german aanee danish kulinavargavar norweymadhye.
polland.
1573 aanee 1764 darmyan, 'pactay conventa' ('kararachya lekhansathi' lattin) haah 'polish rashtra' (mhanje.eae., "sjlachta", kuleen) aanee sinhasanavar nivadoon aalyanantar navyane nivadoon aalela raja. polandacha raja heinry yane 1573 madhye swakshari kelelya tathakathit henrician lekhanvar, tyanchya swatachya 'pactay' vyatirikt tyanantarchya serve polandachya rajanni swakshari kelee.
pope nivadanuka.
15vya teey 17vya shatkaparyant, cardinalschya mahavidhyalayasathi naveen popchya nivadanukit, sharanagatichi magani karane, heey byanch kalapasoon samanya hote. pope nirdosh sahavya yanchya nivadanukisathi 1352 chya suruvatilach eka nivadanuk aatmasamarpan sankalit karnyat aale hote, jaree tyanni teey avaidh ghoshit kele. constance parishadene (1414-1417) asey mutt mandale qee pratispardhi pope, gregory XIII aanee benedict XIII heey khotya sakshis doshi aahet kaaran tyanni tyanchya nivadanuk aatmasamarpananchya atincha bhang keela aahe. 1431 madhye pope yujen chauthya yane aupcharik pope bailamadhye tyachya sharanagatichi pushti kelee. pope paul dusra yane cardinal jacopo picolomini-ammanati yanna sangitale qee, nivadanukinantar lagechach tyanni aaplya sharanagatiche palan karnyache vachan dile, parantu nantar cardinalsne mothya durustisathi sammati dene aavashyak hote. aaj, popchya nivadanukipurvi, sanvidhananusar, "universey dominisi grazis" yaa nivadanuk kararanna manai aahe.
venis.
venesian kutryanchya nivadanukisathi nivadanuk aatmasamarpan dekhil hote, "promission ducale", jyapaiki sarvat juna 1192 pasoon tikala aahe. "promission ducale" chaa masuda naveen dogchya nivadanukipurvi visheshpane sthapan kelelya aayogadvare tayar karnyat aala hota, "korotori all promission ducale", dogela tyache kautuk karnyasathi, tyachya nivadanukit teey vachave lagale aanee tyanantarach tyacha rajyabhishek jhaala. 1595 pasoon darr done mahinyanni tyanna tyanche 'vachanbaddha ducale' vachoon dakhavanyat aale. shatkannusar haah 'karar' adhikadhik vyapak jhaala aanee 1595 pasoon too chhapala gela. doge marino grimanichya 'promission ducale' madhye 108 paaney, doge geovanni II cornarochya 165 paaney aanee shevatchya dogesathichya ludovico maninmadhye 301 paaney hotee.