
james yong (shalyachikitsak)

james yong (27 februwari 1646/1647-25 julai 1721) heey englandmadhil plymouth yetheel shahee naudalache shalyachikitsak hote, jethe tyanche vadil shalyachikitsak hote. too lahan asatana shikau shalyachikitsak mhanoon samudrat gela. nantar too newfoundland masemarichya tafyasah anek samudraparyatananmadhye sameel jhaala. tyachya visavya varshi tyane plymouthmadhye eka sarav suru keela aanee tyachi bharbharat jhaali. 1702 madhye teey royal societyche sadasya mhanoon aanee 1694-1695 sathee plymouthche mahapour mhanoon nivadle gele. tyanni vaidyakeey pathyapustake aanee tyanchya jivanache eka niyatkalik lihile.
parshvabhoomi.
james yongechya purvajambaddal phaar qamee mahitee aahe. plymouth bhagat shalyachikitsak mhanoon tyachya vadilanche mool aspasht aahe. too tethil protestant varchasvacha sadasya mhanoon irelandhoon aala asava. yonge tyachya niyatkalikat corkmadhye tyachya aajila bhetanyacha sandarbh deto. too coliton, devonchya yongmadhun aala hota, ashee 'berks landed gentry' madheel nond niradhar aahe.
yongechi aaee, joanna blackaller (1618-1700), dartmouth, devoncha vyapari nicolaus blackallerchi mulgi hotee. tyachya aaee-vadilanche lagn september 1640 madhye seent saviours, dartmouth yethe jhaale. yongecha janm hoiparyant tyache aaee-vadil plymouth yethe gele hote, jithe 11 march 1647 roji seent andrewchya parrish charchmadhye tyacha baptisma jhaala. too saat mulanpaiki pachva hota, jeey serve kiman praudhavasthechya suruvatiparyant jiwant rahile.
yongechya vipareet rajgharanyatil navhata assa tyacha bhau nathaniel yachyashi jhalelya bhandanachi kautumbik katha aahe. yongechya 'journal' madhye teey pudhe aale naheet yache purave aahet.
samudratil jeevan.
1658 madhye yongechya vadilanni tyala vayachya dahavya varshi naudalachya jahajavaril shalyachikitsak, liverpoolchya sylvester richmandkade shikau mhanoon niyukt kele. tyanantar tyala laurd sandvichya tafyatil tafyacha bhag mhanoon shalyachikitsakacha jodidar mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, jyachyabarobar too 1660 madhye, vayachya 13 vya varshi, pudhil varshi algiersver parinamkarak bombsfot karnyasathi ravana jhaala. meey 1662 madhye, tyachya padvyuttar padvinantar, tyala tyachya shikau padavarun mukt karnyat aale, tyanantar tyane clark navachya aushadhalayat haat firavanyat sahayyak mhanoon kaam kele, jithe tyala bahudha aushadhe banavanyache vyavharik dnyan midale.
yonge september 1662 madhye plymouthla paratala aanee aanakhi saat varshe too tyachya vadilanshi anichhene bandhala gela. tyachya vadilanchya yaa kruteene tyala ayushyabhar fatkarleh "majhya mothya bhawala rajkumarasarkhe rakhale gele, mea june kapade ghatale hote aanee majhya khishat eka paisa navhata, too eka guru mhanoon kathor hota."
punha samudrat, yongne meey 1663 madhye, vayachya 16 vya varshi, naveen payabhoot matsyavyavasayasathi jahajachya "sudharana" madhye pravas keela. yongne aapala vel vasahatinmadhye chaalat, rekhatan karoon aanee udhyogache nirikshan karoon jaminivar ghalavala. janewari 1666 madhye, dusya dutch yuddhadarmyan, tyache 'bonaventure' heey jahaj dachanni tabyat ghetale aanee tyala 51 divas itar kaidyansah bandhanat adakavale gele. christable colories yanni lihilelya victorian lekhak charlot merrie yonge yanchya charitrat yongela 'moorscha gally gulam' mhatale aahe, jeey bahudha dutch kaidi mhanoon tyachya kalacha aanee algierschya naudal sevecha mell ghalate. september 1666 madhye tyachi badali dutch naudalachya sachivanchya natevaikasobat jhaali, jyala harvich yethe turungat dambanyat aale hote.
yongne februwari 1668 madhye plymouthchya zendumadhye newfoundlandla tyacha shevatcha pravas keela. too tyachya aagmanache varnan karatoh "barfasah yetana aamhala konatahi marg sapadat nahee, tyatoon ubhe raaha aanee done tasant tyachya aat pochalo... pann aamchya jahajala dhakka dilyashivay nahee. jaminivaril pahile jahaj aanee seent johnsche edmiral mhanoon swatahla shodha. yaa changlya bhoomiprapatasathi aanee changlya thikanasathi devachi stutee vhavi!"
aushadh.
yonge 29 september 1670 roji plymouthmadhye paratale aanee vayachya 25 vya varshi tyanni swatahla saravat sthapit kele. tyanantar tyanna plymouth yetheel naudal rugnalayat shalyachikitsak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, jeey 1672 madhye tisare anglo-dutch yuddh suru jhalyanantar sthapan karnyat aale. 1674 madhye, naudalache shalyachikitsak-general thomas pears yanni yonge yanna tyanche upchikitsak banavale.
1692 madhye, plymouth yetheel hamoez yetheel naveen dockmadhye shalyachikitsak mhanoon niyukti jhalyanantar, yongela londonla jaave lagale. tithe asatana teey sarjan hallmadhye edward tysonchya sharirik vyakhyananmadhye upasthit rahile. 1702 madhye punha londonmadhye, tyanna atirikt parvanadharak mhanoon vaidya mahavidhyalayachya parikshet basnyasathi patvoon denyat aale. too tyachya niyatkalikat sangato qee tyachi garaj navhati, kaaran tyala londonmadhye kinwa tyachya aaspas sarav karanyachi ichcha navhati, kaaran tyachyakade aadhich bishop (bahudha extercha bishop) kadoon parwana hota, parantu mahavidhyalayane tyala patvoon dile qee yamule tyacha darja vadhel. yonge surr hans sloane yanchyashi patravyavahar karat hota aanee londonmadhye francis eterbury, charles bernard, edward braun aanee walter charleston tasech tyson yanchyashi sambandhit hota. oxfordla teey varanvar bhet dett asat, jithe tyanni ashmolian sangrahalayachi yadee tayar kelee aanee vidyapithat tyanche manoranjan kele gele.
yongene johnn braunchya sahityik choricha pardafash keela, jyacha 'snayuncha paripoorn grunth' 1683 madhye dusya aavruttit prakashit jhaala. yongene nidarshanas aanoon dile qee tyane william molinchya 'muscotomia' madheel majkoor aanee giulio caseriuschya 'tabula anatomica' madheel chitransah ekatra thewala aahe.
nagri vyavhar.
1670 chya dashkaparyant yong mahattvache banale hote, plymouthmadhil salag nagri aanee vyavsayik karyalaye bharnyasathi bolavale gele hote, jyache sanad charles II yanni punarsanchayit kele hote. 1679 madhye teey plymouthchya barochya samanya parishadeche aajivan sadasya mhanoon nivadle gele. 1682 madhye tyanna seent andrews yethe churchwar niyukt karnyat aale. 1694 madhye too plymouthcha mahapour aanee elderman banala. plymouthchya sansmarananmadhye too tyachya mahapourpadacha 1694-1695 madhye tapasheel deto."
dii. laurd cuts shaharat aale, majhya gharee padale. doubleu sathee ravana honyasathi shaharat 3 regiment tainat karnyat aalya. yaa prabhuchya dware bharatane mallah tyancha chaturthansh bhag banavanyat khoop tras deela... duke auph leadscha mulga aanee varasdar asalela, junacha majha ell. dii. markis auph karmarthan, punha ekada udavalelya naudalacha adhikari asalyane bandarat aala, majhya gharee anandane vel ghalavala aanee dusya divashi mallah governor aanee see. neey lenoxver atishay udattapane, gunschya jaagi nele... augustmadhye donhi baak varr, "roggers, nix" nivadoon. edjcomb, doubleu. emm. muniyan aanee emm 'thow bound ulderman. thow bergoin, james blee, thow darcott, doubleu. emm. lovell, baine berry aanee doubleu. emm. viot 0 jeey majhe appreneutic hote, sahayyak... naveen chavee shree. allencechya gharasamorchya ghasaranyachya bahereel bajus aanee serve naveen mokalya jaaga.
yongecha bhau nathanieldekhil shaharachya rajkaranat sahbhagi hota. tyachya mrutyubaddal, yongene 'plymouth sansmarananmadhye' lihileh
"yaa naveen modelmadhye too eka utsahi hota aanee mallah vishvas aahe qee tyanna jee nirasha midali [chaar vhig dandadhikari nuktech maran pavale hote aanee playmauthsathi sansadechya done vhig sadasyanchya jaagi torry ghenyat aale hote] aanee tyanni joou audium ghetala too tumchyavar damaa aananyas madat karato."
yonge yanni tyanchya plymouth aatmacharitranmadhye tyanchya kalatil mahapouranche sankshipt charitra dile aahe, jyat "tumhi tyanchya varshatil sansmaraniy ghatana" samavisht aahet. udaharanarth,
"robb braun mahapour 1711
nehmicha divas nivadala gela. eka sadhan, aanee eka moorkh, lavkarach rangavale gele aanee buub neey yashasvi jhaale. berry, jyane urvarit varshachi seva keleeh aanee shaharat ghar nasalyane, tyane eka gharat mukkam keela aanee mahapourpad thewale jeey anolakhi lokanna chaupadari marnyasathi aanee punch, ele, vikri karnyasathi samanya hote... pann teey kahihi naan karata,-shaharache shrey kinwa kalyan lakshat gheuun, tumhi bench asha neech, nindaniy manasanni bharoon takale, janoo tyanni sarvat white nivadanyachi shapath ghetali hotee-- aanee sanvidhan aanee burashichya prathechya viruddha anek goshti kelya, rahivasi nasalelya mahapourala nivadle, bakanvar vakeel bharale."
naudal shalyachikitsak.
yongne 1692 teey april 1701 yaa kalat devonport dockyardmadhye shalyachikitsak mhanoon niyukti kelee. 17vya shatkachya akheris, varishtha adhikadhyansathi dockyardmadhye eka nivasi gachchi bandhanyat aalee. yacha bahutansh bhag dusya mahayuddhat nasht jhaala hota, parantu yongecha bhag tikoon aahe. tyanni tyanchya niyatkalikat lihileh
"yaa varshi meey mahinyat mallah plymouth yetheel naudal aanee yardcha shalyachikitsak honyasathi warrant midale, capton. kombadi. greenhill commander, johnn edis, checkersche karakoon, shree. stollard master attendant, shree. watt master builder, shree. gazby dukandar, shree. lutmar. ropaveche yong karakoon shree. thomas yoo master ropmaker, shree. chavee mast-maker, shree. yardchya jethro braun boatswein, shree. sarvekshanache richard lii karakoon shree. israyal powell builderche sahayyak shree. speakerwell master collar aanee mea sarjan, shree. porter mhanoon peree. heey adhikari hote jyanchya anganat ghare hotee; paal banavnara, jodanara, vitanchi patali bandhanara aanee see. konich navhate. aamhi serve khoop chhan ghare, tabele, baag aanee see.pann, eka abhimani, uddhat manus asalelya senapatichya netrutvakhali sahajpane jagoo shakale naheet."
yongechi naudalasathichi seva 1701 madhye eka dukkhi nondisah sampali. tyane tyachya niyatkalikat lihileh
1701. yaa varshachya suruvatila, 25 april roji, commer seent lochya khotya aaropanmule mea bandaratoon visthapit jhalo. tyane yapurvi donada prayatna keela hota, parantu nantar naudalpramukhanni yaa prakaranachi chaukashi kelee aanee mallah nirdosh tharavale parantu teey asoonahi aanee tyanni tyache yapudhe aikanar nahee asey vachan dile, tyanni yaa tisya chukichya mahitivar mallah notice kinwa sunavanishivay baher kadhale aanee cole charchilchya bhawala waymouth sodoon haah anyay keela.
aarthik bakshise.
tyachya niyatkalikat yongene vees mail bhetisathi shulk mhanoon 12 shillings, aanakhi eka pound aanee done divasanchya kalavadhichya bahereel bhetisathi 1 ell0esacha sandarbh deela aahe. eka strila antharunavar raktastrav karnyasathi 10 shilling kharch yeto, tarr eka purushala 2 shilling aanee sahaa pence. shavavichedan 3 shilling aanee chaar pence.
17vya shatkachya uttaradhat, yongne devon aanee cornwallwaroon pravas kelyache disate. tyane eka varshasathi tyachi kamai dilee, eka purushala bledney chalana 12 divasanchya upcharansathi 40 pound midale, eka mahila jyala butsheadver tyala anekada varshala 40 pound bhetave lagat asey, shree. peek 25 giinii [£ <id1] ityadi tapp karane., 9 fistula barey karane jyasathi tyala pratyeki £30 teey £70 midale, mutrashayatil vranavar chaar varshe £200 ityadi upchar karane. plymouth yetheel naudal rugnalayat khalnaykanvar pocks (syphilis) sathee upchar karnyasathi eka varshat 120 paund midale, assa abhiman balgoon tyane ekach shastrakriyesathi duppat shambhar giinii kamavale.
shahee naudalachya shantata kalatil sarvat white aapattipaiki ekachya velee skilly betanvar budalelya edmiral surr claudesly sholelchya londonmadhil rajyat padalelya avasthet tayar karnyasathi eka shariravar lape lavane heey tyanni tyanchya niyatkalikat ullekh kelelya shevatchya aayoganpaiki eka aahe. yasathi tyala 50 paund denyat aale hote.
ekada tyache naav tayar jhaale qee, yongechi bhoomika sallagar kinwa samaj doctorasarkhi hotee. tyane kathor parishramane mothee sampatti jamaa kelee aanee ekhadyala kathor vyavsayik vicharanvar sanshay yeto. plymouth aanee west devon reecord officemadhil eka dastaivajat 1718 madheel tyachi malmatta aanee utpann 21,000 pound asalyache darshavile aahe-jeey vaidyakeey vyavasayatun ullekhaneey aahe. aarthik mulyachi tulana aajchya moolyashi karane katheen aahe, parantu anek strotanche udaharan mhanoon, 1718 madheel sarasari shet majur varshala 18 paund aanee vakeel 120 paund kamavato. yongechya sampattine kutumbala yenanya pidhyansathi samajat sthan dile.
mrutyu.
yong 25 julai 1721 roji maran pavala aanee tyala plymouth yetheel seent andrew charchmadhye daphan karnyat aale. eka smarak ubharanyat aale hote, parantu dusya mahayuddhat, jevha churchche mothya pramanat nuksan jhaale tevha teey nasht jhaale. eka junya church margdarshakane tyacha ullekh keela aaheh
"yethe lithchya khalee james yonge bhautikshastradnyache parthiv purale. shahee samajacha sadasya. teey ekekali tyanchya mool shaharache mahapour hote aanee vayachya 76 vya varshi julai 1721 chya 25 vya divashi rangvat hote."
prakashne.
yonge yanche sarvat prasiddha karya mhanje tyanche 'journal', jeey 1963 madhye fredrick noel laurence pointer yanni 'daad journal auph james yonge, plymouth sarjan' mhanoon prakashit kele. tyat vayachya dahavya teey 61 vya varshatil tyachya jivanacha sampoorn tapasheel deela aahe aanee samuel pepis aanee johnn evelin yanchyanantar 17 vya shatkatil sarvat mahattvachi diary mhanoon tee pahili jaate. tyat tyanni tyanchya pravasat pahilelya prasiddha lokancha ullekh aaheh 
<kavita>
portugalcha sebastian raja eka moorkh aanee eka sotee
buckinghamche george duke eka atishay sunder aanee kushal vyakti, eka buddhiman aanee eka dusht>
1678 madhye yongne plymouthche sansad sadasya johnn spark yanchyasobat londonla bhet dilee aanee tithe shahee samajachya sadasyanchi bhet ghetali. yamule tyane 'currus triumfulis dii terrebintho' lihile, jyat tyane raktastrav aanee angvichedanatil flap operation rokhanyasathi turpentinecha kassa vapar keela aanee turniquets parichitata darshavili. 3 november 1702 roji yong shahee samajacha sadasya mhanoon nivadala gela aanee tyane 'shwasanaliket golee, pittachya done mothya dagadanvar aanee aatdyansambandhichya gathivar' sarkhya vividh vishayanvaril 'tatvik vyavharanmadhye' yogdan dile. charles goodoll yanchya patravyavaharat tyanni skarvichya babatit hirdyansathi limbacha rus vaparane changle asalyache namood kele.
johnn braun aanee william salmon yanchyavar teeka karat yongene 1685 madhye 'medicaster medicates' prakashit kele aanee 1699 madhye 'cydrophel vapulance kinwa, quack-astrologerne kambalit fekale', punha ekada prasiddha anubhavjanya asalelya salmonwar teeka kelee. charles goodolchya preranene yonge tyachyavar hallah karnyasathi paratala, charles lehvareel tippanyanvarun salmoncha mitra richard boltonshee tyacha vaad jhaala. cedrophel vapulance' madhye tyanni vaidyakeey seva karananya mothya sankhyene asalelya patra nasalelya lokambaddal lihile aahe, teey mhanale qee, 'heey eka mothe aashchary aahe qee niyaman aanee durustichya yaa yugat kukhyat durupyog sudharanyasathi aanee jyaa purushanni tyanchya kaushalya kinwa adhikarashivay punarujjivan aanee jatan karnyachya bahanyane purushanche jeevan aanee malmatta nasht karatat aanee visheshtah asha velee jevha deshala tyachya sanrakshn aanee sanwardhan yaa donhinchi garaj aahe asha dushtabuddhipasun aaplyala surakshit thevanyasathi kahihi kele jaat nahee... mug aviveki adnyani aanee anubhavvadi (smith vinkar mochee mahila ityadi) qaa asavet?) dhadsane aanee binbudachepane tyanchyavar mothe upchar aanee mothya adchanichya goshti hatala jyamadhye teey anshatah jadutona, jadutona vapartat, anek rajanche gambhir nuksan karatat aanee lokancha naash karatat, visheshtah tyapaiki jeey vinodi kutsit lokanpaiki kutsitanna olakhoo shakat naheet [??]]"
yongla serve kahee neat midale nahee. cedrophel vapulance' madhyehi tyane lihileh
pruthvipeksha chauda putt qamee aanee tyachyapasun itakya mothya antaravar asalela eka padarth samudrala itakya pramanat dabel aanee tyach paristhitit asatana tyala nivrutt honyas bhag padel, assa parinam eka tejaswi aanee gadad chandracha hoil heey sangane kitee murkhpanache aahe... tyamule yaa halchaliche kaaran keval jyala heey ghadavale aahe tyalach maheet asalelya hrudayache aahe asey disate.
yongchi bahutek prakashit kaame shastrakriyevar hotee. menduchi yashasvi shastrakriya karnare teey bahudha englandmadhil pahile hote. phaar qamee lokancha tyanchyavar vishvas asalyamule, tyane 1682 madhye tyachya anek prakarananvar aadharit 'menduchya jakhama barey karata yenyajogya siddha jhalya' yaa shirshakacha eka grunth prakashit keela. tyane eka mansavar kelelya suruvatichya trapening shastrakriyecha tapasheel sodala, jyane "kapalavaril vilakshan jakhamemule andyachya kavatichya kavchaitka mendu gamavala aanee jeey. neey plimmouthmadhye barah keela. vaay. 1686."
yongne 'icon tulshi' charles aay yanni lihili hotee heey dakhavanyasathi 'anek purave' prakashit kele. tathapi, aadhunik sanshodhan johnn gaudenla yacha shrey dete.
kutumb.
yongene 28 march 1671 roji devonmadhil buckland monakoramchya thomas crampornichi mulgi jaine hichyashi vivah keela. tichyapasoon tyala done mulge jhaale, eka motha mulga tyachya aadhi maran pavala aanee sahaa mulee, jyapaiki keval eka, johanna, praudhatvaparyant jiwant rahili aanee tiche swatache kutumb hote.
tyacha bhau samuel yane 'teen nindaniy patrakancha nishedh' yaa shirshakakhali eka pustak lihile aanee tyat tyane yongvar tippani keleeh
"majha agradoot [yonge] serve asahamatancha eka changla mitra hota, tyanchya serve baithka, yogdan ityadinna gela hota, heey sangtana mallah khed vatato. joparyant tyala plymouth yetheel rugnalayasathi sanskarala jaanyas bhag padale gele aanee nantar too tyache palan karnyas tayar jhaala aanee tyala prabhuchya tablower odhale gele aanee nantar too tyancha sarvat motha shatru banala."
yongecha motha mulga james yonge (1679-1718) yane marry uptonshee vivah keela, jee pusalinchchya johnn uptonchi mulgi aanee varasdar, neuton fairers, devon. yongene uptonche karj aanee gahan fedoon aanee sumare 10,000 poundmadhye naveen pusalinch ghar bandhun heey shakya kele. ghar yonge kutumbachya malakiche rahile.