
shahee rommadhil rog

romchya shahee kalat rog haah jivanacha eka vinashkari pailu hota. samrajyachya seema jasjasha satat vistarat gelya aanee loksankhya satatyane vadhat gelee, tastashi roman samrajyatil shahare anek roganna tond dett hotee. atyant daat aanee vegane vadhana samajachya jivanshailimadhye yaa roganchi vividh sambhavya karane hotee. sandapani vyavastha, sarvajanik snangruhe aanee shahee rommadhil nagarikancha aahar yaa sarvanmule rogacha prasar jhaala.
paryavaraniy samasyannihi bhoomika bajavali. udaharanarth, jangaltodimule udbhavalelya vadhatya panyachya patalimule daldalimadhye sakhali pratikriyemule jangaltodimule sankramanacha darr jaast hoto. rog tivratet hote, kahee vinashkari hote aanee itar titke pranghatak navhate. yaa kalatil sarvat pramukh mahamarinpaiki eka mhanje antonine plaig (165-180 edee). shahee romchya lokanna tyanchya samajavar maat karananya rogambaddal byavachada farach qamee antardrushti hotee. serve mahitee kahee pramukh doctoranna maheet hotee, jyanni upchar suchavale, jeey sahasa farse prabhavi navhate.
karane.
swachchata.
roman sandapani aanee jalmarg pranali.
roman samrajyane tyachya anek shaharanchya khalee chalana guntaguntichya sandapani vyavasthesathi swatahla bahutek sakaratmak pratishtha midvoon dilee aahe. roman abhiyantrikine ii. sha. puu. 312 madhye lagoo kelelya jalmarg pranalicha vapar karoon alban tekdyanmadhun shaharat paanee aanale, jaree rommadhye sandapani vyavastheche adim prakar samrajyavadpurv kalapasoon astitvat asale, taree heey bahutek pracheen naale hote jyamule jawalchya nadya aanee pravah nirman jhaale. panyacha aanakhi eka dhokadayak srot mhanje tyber nadee, jiche roman sainya pyayache, jyamule anek roganchi tyanchi asurakshitata vadhate. abhiyantyanche kaushalya jasjase vadhat gele tastashi nalyanchi guntaguntahi vadhat gelee. udaharanarth, clock maxima hii romchya antargat chalana pahilya guntaguntichya aanee vistrut sandapani vyavasthanpaiki eka hotee. sandapani vyavasthechi rachana atyant guntaguntichi hotee aanee bahutansh bhagasathi roman lokanna vapar aanee aangholisathi tulanene swachchh paanee puravanyat yash aale.
shahee romchya sandapani pranali abhiyantriki chamatkar aanee purvanishchit udaharan asoo shakatat, tarihi roman sandapani vyavasthemadhye ajunahi mothya truti hotya. rome aanee samrajyatil itar shaharanchi loksankhya satatyane vadhat gelee, jyamule kachara pranalivaril taana vadhala. tathapi, sarvajanik kachyachya rastyavaril vilhewat lavnyashi sambandhit sarvajanik aarogya kayadyanmule, bahutansh mothya udrek aanee sarvajanik aarogya sankatanna thet romchya sandapani vyavastheshi jodale jaau shakat nahee. aanakhi anek gambhir ghatak hote, jyane shahee romchya mothya sarvajanik aarogya sankatanchya aapattila chalana dilee. bahutek sandapani vyavastha khasgi malkichya asalyane, tyanchi khajgi dekhbhal kelee jaat asey aanee tyakade durlaksh kele jaat asey. tyaeivaji, nagrik tyanchya shauchalayankade valat; jarr teey talmajalyavachun itar kashavarhi rahat asateel tarr teey tyanche mull rastyavar fekunahi dett. yamule sandapani masha, kutre aanee jivanunchya samparkat aale, yaa sarvanmule roman lokanmadhye rog pasarnyas madat jhaali. tyaa kalat pracheen granthanmadhye spashtikaran naan midalyamule shahee rommadhil shauchalayanmule konate vishisht rog jhaale heey jaree aspasht asale taree, swachchatechya abhavamule aatadyanche anek rog jhaale asanyachi shakyata aahe. sambhavya roganchya kahee udaharananmadhye atisar, vishamajwar aanee itar prakarchya atisaracha samavesh hoto. sampoorn shaharat paanee vahoon nenyasathi vaparlya jaananya lead paipingmule aarogyas aanakhi eka kuprasiddha dhoka nirman jhaala. aadhunik vidnyanane visheshtah prajanankshamatechya sandarbhat shiseche vinashkari parinam siddha kele aahet. kahee tadnyanche mutt aahe qee nantarchya shahee kalatil loksankhya ghatanyamadhye haah eka pramukh ghatak asoo shakato. kharey tarr, dow. minnesota vidyapithachya arther offordraidne ughad kele qee, "roman lokanchya hadanmadhye aadhunik american lokanpeksha 10 putt jaast shise hote."
daruche sevan.
roman peyanmadhye shise khoop pramukh hote asey abhyas soochit karatat. heey mukhytah tyaa kalat lokpriy asalelya shise-aadharit sathavan containermule aahe. kahee vidwan assa andaj lavtat qee darroj sevan kelya jaananya daruchya patalimule romchya kuleen lokanchya aarogyavishayak aajaranna adhik jababdar dharale jaate, aanee sarasari sevan darr divasala andaje 3 batalya winecha asato. heey lakshat ghene mahatvache aahe qee srot namood karato tyapramane madya patal karanyachi pratha samanya hotee aanee teey naan patal kelele madya heey anagarik manale jaat hote. kharey tarr, roman lock samanyatah eka bhag wine done bhag panyat misalayache. samudrachya panyachya vaparadvare kinwa daroo garam karoon daruchya godpanat adthala aanane hii dekhil eka samanya pratha hotee.
kachara pradushan.
rastyavaril kachara aanee kachara sathavanukichya samasyemulehi rome shaharala mothee adchan aalee. kavee aanee vyangkaranni anekada roman kachara samasyela vinod aanee lekhanacha vishay banavale, jyat roman gharanmadhye aanee jaminivar kacharapetiche varnan sarvatra hote. romchya rastyanvar aanee gharanmadhye swachchatechya abhavamule rog aanee aajarpan aale. kacharapetimadhye takoon dilelya gharguti vastunpasoon teey vastavik manvi kachyaparyantcha samavesh hota, mhanje dooshit honyachi shakyata khoop jaast hotee. roman lokanna samajale qee hii eka samasya banat aahe aanee rastyanvar kachara sathavan maryadit karnyasathi anek kayade aanee itar upayayojana karnyat aalya. yapaiki bahutansh upayayojana padchanyanvar kachara padalyane honanya jivitahanila aala ghalanyasathi rabavanyat aalya hotya, tathapi yaa upayayojananmule jawalchya shaharatoon kachara kadhoon sarvajanik aarogyamadhye dekhil vaadh jhaali. jyaa tasanmadhye vahatukichya itar sadhananvar bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee, tyaa tasanmadhye tyanni kachara dabyanna sampoorn shaharat jaanyachi aanee kachara gola karanyachi parvanagi dilee asey soochit karnare purave aahet. yaa dhoranamule samasyeche purnapane nirakaran jhaale nahee, kaaran bahutek kachara fakt shaharachya maryadebaher halavanyat aala hota mhanje dooshit honyacha aanee durgandhicha dhoka ajunahi aahe.
aanghol.
romchya shahee kalat rommadhye sarvajanik aanee khajgi snangruhe samanya hotee. samanyatah thermia mhanoon olakhali jaanari hii snangruhe mothya pramanat vaividhyapurn hotee, parantu bahutek snan prakriya sarkhyach hotya. rahivasi vyayam karayache, vividh prakarche sauna aanee sheetak kaksh vaparat asat aanee kadhikadhi talavat pohat asat. shariratil vishari padarth swachchh karnyasathi shahee aavrutticha sauna dekhil tayar karnyat aala hota. taas samanyatah duparchya jevanachya velee suru hotat aanee sandhyakali bund hotat aanee praveshasathi fakt eka lahan shulk aavashyak asalyane teey sarvansathi khule hote. snangruhe samanyatah roman shaharanchya manchajaval hotee. patrakar jeey stuller yanchya matey, rommadhil uchch daridrya daramule madhyamvargiy nagarikansathi khajgi snangruh asane asamanya hote. garam kelelya aangholichya panyat nehmich rasayanikaritya klorinsarkhya rasayananchi safsafai kinwa galani kelee jaat nasey, jyamule jivanunchi bharbharat hote aanee teey pasarat asat. jevha rommadhye khrishchan dharmacha uday jhaala, tevha tyanni snan paddhatitil sarvajanik nagnatekade vyabhichar mhanoon pahile aanee tyamule tyakade durlaksh kele gele. snan pranali pracheen nasali taree, svachchatepasun purnapane door rahilyane, visheshtah arbhakanmadhye, anek sambhavya pranghatak rog jhaale.
paryavaran.
loksankhyechi ghanata.
romchi loksankhya pracheen jagaat abhootpurvaritya mothee hotee, jee samrajyachya uchch binduchya kalat 10 lakhanparyant pohochali. romananchya aadhi saha-astitvat asalelya aanee astitvat asalelya itar pramukh sanskratinpeksha heey khoop mothe hote. anek roman lokanni anubhavalelya kharab jeevan paristhitishi jodalele heey shahar rogansathi eka paripoorn prajnan kshetra hote. romchya garib prantanmadhye, kadak rahniman aanee asvachchatemule rogacha prasar vadhala. antonin aanee cyprian plaig sparshadvare prasarit kele gele, jyamule visheshtah garibeechya bhagat plegchi tivrata vadhali.
romchi loksankhya atyant jaast hotee aanee imaratinche avashesh asey soochit karatat qee rahanyachi sarasari jaaga khoop qamee hotee. chhotya jaganmadhye bharalelya anek lokanna sansargjanya rogansathi sansargache praman khoop jaast hote. antonin aanee cyprian plaig sparshadvare sankramit hott asalyane, ghandat loksankhyecha darr tyanchya prasarat khoop yogdan deil.
jangaltod.
romchya shaharanmadhye, visheshtah tyber nadijavalachya jangaltodimule roganche praman vadhale. kaaran khalilpramane aaheh jangaltodimule panyachi patali vadhate, jyamule daldalichi patali vadhate. yamule rommadhil alyanmadhye vaadh jhaali aanee tyaa badalyat rakt shoshanaya kitkanpasoon honara rog vadhala. daas aanee itar vahak heey maleriyasarkhya vividh roganche vahak hote.
vayoo pradushan.
rommadhil havah nihsanshaypane pradushit hotee, anek strotanni shaharbhar firtana aadhalanaya durgandhivar bhashya kele. romchya vayoo pradushanache anek srot hote, ughadya aagee aanee manvi kachara heey tyateel kahee hote. yaa pramanat kachyane serve prakarchya kruntak aanee kitkannahi aakarshit kele, jyamule sarvajanik aarogyachya chintanchi sankhya vadhali. samrat adhivasinchya rajvatiparyant shaharat vayoo pradushanachi kalji ghenyacha prayatna keela gela navhata. dand aanee niyamanchya dhokyaas kayade parit karnyat aale jyamule havah swachchh karnyacha prayatna karnyas madat jhaali.
rog.
aadhunik kalatil rommadhil aajaranchya tulanet, shahee rommadhye, influenzae, sardi aanee itar aajaar agadi titkech spasht hote, jaree jaast nasale taree. shahee rommadhye laingik sankramit roganpasoon teey vinashkari mahamariparyant anek ullekhaneey rog hote. hii shreni shahee rommadhye asalelya aajaranchya tivratemadhye lakshaniy farak darshavate. roman vaidya gallenne mhatalyapramane, "heey loksankhya asalele shahar, jithe darroj daha hazar lock kaveel aanee daha hazar lock jalodhane grast asalyache aadhalate."
rogarai.
antonin plaig.
antonine plaig hii roman samrajyavar parinam karnari pahili dnyat mahamari hotee. samanyatah sheetpitt asalyache manale jaanare plaig, bahudha paschim aashiyatil mohimetoon paratanaya sainikanni aanale hote, jyamule roman lokansathi vinashkari parinam jhaale, jyanna kadachit yapurvi kadhihi yaa rogacha samna karava lagla navhata. mukhya lakshananmadhye atisar, tvachevar vran aanee jaljal aanee ghasa khavkhavane yancha samavesh hota. ektar tyancha mrutyu honyapurvi kinwa barey honyapurvi aanee tyaa badalyat pudhil sansargapasun pratikarshakti vikasit honyapurvi lakshane sumare done aathvade tikoon hotee. samrat marcus aureliusne anek badal lagoo kele jeey samrajyachi gambhir sthitee soochit karatat. yamadhye ethans sampoorn samrajyatil anek mahattvachya vasahatinmadhye uchch parishadanchya sadasyatvasathiche niyam shithil karane samavisht hote. egypt haah aanakhi eka pradesh hota, jithe tyanchya shaharanchya loksankhyet vinashkari nuksan jhaale. loksankhyetil mothya pramanat ghat jhalyamule mahasulache nuksan jhalyache dastaivajikaran karananya papayaras lipinmadhye heey disun aale. sampoorn samrajyala plegmule tras sahan karava lagat hota. londons prantanchya anek pramukh shaharanmadhye sarvajanik bandhkam prakalp thambale. heey serve ekach velee ghadale, jevha samrajyala purvekadil sarmatiyananchya hallyancha samna karava lagla. assa andaj aahe qee daha varshanchya plegchya kalat roman loksankhyepaiki 15 takkyanparyantcha naash jhaala, jyat ii. sha. 180 madhye samrat marcus aureliuscha samavesh hota. plaig haah aajaar aata sheetpitt mhanoon olakhala jaato asey sarvatra manale jaate. heey mukhyatve prasiddha greek vaidya gallen yanchya tippanya aanee bhashyamule nishchit kele jaau shakate. roman samrajyavar antonine plegcha parinam vinashkari hota aanee tyache parinam yaa vastusthitinantar shatkanushatke tikale assa andaj aahe, kahee itihaskar assa yuktivad karatat qee yamule samrajya kayamche bighadalele hote aanee tyache patan honyas madat jhaali.
lui sealiers aanee francis retiff yanchya matey, antonin plegche naav tyaa samratachya navavarun thevanyat aale hote, jyachya karkirdit tyacha ugam jhaala, aurelius antoninus. mesopotemiyamadhil mohimetoon paratanaya roman sainikanni haah rog pasaravala, joou ii. sha. 165 teey 180 paryant tikala, asey aitihasik srot suchavatat. greek vaidya gallen yanni taap, atisar aanee fodanchya lekhee nirikshananchya aadhare, itihaskarancha assa andaj aahe qee shitpittamule plaig jhaala. mothya pramanat lashkari mrutyunsah, udrekamule roman loksankhyechya andaje done trutiyansh lokancha naash jhaala, darroj andaje 2000 lock marle gele.
cypriancha plaig.
cyprian plegmule (249-262 edee) sampoorn samrajyamadhye vyapak tanchai nirman jhaali aanee tisya shatkatil sankatat yogdan denanya pramukh ghatakanpaiki eka hota. strotanchya abhavamule, sheetpitt, gover, zoonotic influenzae kinwa vishanujanya raktasravi taap heey serve suchavale gelyane plegchya karak karkache swaroop anumanaspad aahe. tyache naav, plegche sakshidar aanee varnan karnare, karthejache bishop, heey suruvatiche khrishchan lekhak, cyprian yanchya smaranarth aahe. plegche mool mool adnyat asale taree, teey bahudha aafrikechya aateel bhagatoon nayalparyant pravas karnyaivaji danubevaryl gothick aakramanandware roman samrajyat pravesh kele. jaree achook aakadevari maheet nasali taree, mrutyuchi sankhya mothee hotee, ektya alekzandriyachi loksankhya plegchya kalat 500,000 varoon 190,000 paryant ghasarali assa andaj aahe.
raktjanya rog.
morbus gallicus.
aadhunik kalat syphilis kinwa 'french rog' mhanoon olakhala jaanara morbus gallicus (gallic rog) haah pracheen europemadhye pramukh navhata, parantu alikadil hadanchya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee european traponematosis jivanuchya eka prakarane mulanvarhi parinam keela asava. tathapi, 2008 madhye christine harperne prakashit kelelya eka lekhanusar, pracheen european sanskratinmadhye jivanuche sambandhit swaroop asoo shakate parantu swatah laingik syphilis nahee, jyache mool purv-columbian americet asoo shakate. syphilis' haah shabd nantar 15 vya shatkatil italian kavee girolamo fracastoro yanni tayar keela, jyanni syphilus navachya mulachi eka mahakavya kavita lihili, jyane apolocha upman keela aanee tyala yaa rogachi shiksha jhaali. madhyayugeen aanee punarujjivan kalat traponematoseschya sambhavya utparivartit prakaranmule sathichya rogancha pradurbhav jhaala.
maleria.
maleriyache sarvat june dnyat prakaran roman dii. aine. aii. madheel ii. sha. 450 madheel aahe. eka gavachya utkhananat, hadanvaril chachanya aanee tapavar upchar karnyasathi vaparlya jaananya honeyscal yaa vanaspatichya khuna, hivatapamule gambhir samasya asalyache disun yete. heey kshetra 'mahamariche kshetra' hote heey dekhil lakshat ghetale aahe. jangaltod aanee svachchateche prashna hii maleriyachi mukhya karane hotee.
mentegra.
mentagra, visheshtah shahee roman lokanni chumbanane pasarato asey manale, haah eka tvachecha rog hota joou samanyatah hanuvatipasoon suru hoto aanee sampoorn chehnyavar aanee kadhikadhi sharirachya itar bhaganmadhye pasarato. saundarya ghatak atishay apriy hota, tarr haah rog aarogyasathi kvachitach pratikool hota. jaree teey dhokadayak nasale taree, romkaranni yaa ghrunaspad aajarapasun mukt honyasathi, vidambanatmakpane, jakhama nirman karananya pratibandhatmak upayayojananparyant pavale takali.
shvasanache aajaar.
pradhyapak luigi capaso yanchya matey, roman gharanmadhil pradushanamule shwasan rog, sarvat thalakpane anthracosis, samanya hote. tyanchya divyandware, svayampakadvare aanee shenyandvare carbon satat tayar keela jaat asey. karbanmule tyanchya fuffusanvar jakhama jhalya, heey hadanchya abhyasatoon (vesuviyasachya jwalamukhichya udrekachya avasheshankhali sathavalelya changlya prakare sanrakshit shariramule shakya jhaale) aanee agadi roman mamivareel abhyasatunahi spasht hote.
sambandhit abhyas.
mario novak aanee mario slodge yanni kelelya vyapak abhyasat pracheen rommadhil colonia yulia eader yaa eka vishisht vasahatit, jyala jaadar asehi mhanatat, tapasanisathi anek hadanche avashesh upalabdh asalyache aadhalun aale. chachanyandvare asey aadhalun aale qee purushanche mrutyuche sarasari vay 37.4 varshe (9.43 varshanchya manak vichalanasah) aanee mahilanche 38.4 varshe (9.29 varshanchya manak vichalanasah) hote. heey keval aamchya abhyasachya loksankhyeche eka namuna pratinidhitva asale taree, teey sampoorn romla vajvi antardrushti deu shakate. avasheshanmadhye, vishisht vayogatanmadhye poshanvishayak tanavache anek nirdeshak vyapakpane aadhalale. yaa poshanvishayak samasyanchya pramananusar, asey dekhil aadhalun aale qee roman lokanni stanpanasarkhya goshtinmadhye mulanchi pasanti kelee, jyamule mahilanmadhye kuposhanache praman jaast hote. periostitis dekhil anek namunyanmadhye aadhalala, jyachi varanvarta gardi aanee ekoon kharab darjache jeevan darshavate.
upchar.
romchya shahee yugat kahee pramukh doctor hote, jeey vividh roganvar upchar gheuun aale aanee samanyatah aushadhi mahiticha ekmev srot hote. manvi sharirshastrabaddal jaree mothya pramanat mahitee upalabdh asali, taree anek upchar aanee aushadhe atyant aprabhavi hotee.
doctor.
atyant anubhavi vaidyakeey karmchari lashkaravar laksh kendrit karat asat, joou bahutekda konatyahi rogasathi sarvat asurakshit gut hota. samrat nirochya kalat, shastrakriyechi tantre aanee aushadhi vanaspatincha prayog karoon, dioscorides vaparale jaat hote. pliny daad elderche dekhil vanaspatishastravar laksh kendrit hote, jeey tyachya vanaushadhi dnyanasathi prasiddha hote. pratyek tadnyachya vegvegalya paddhati hotya aanee roganvar upchar karnyachya paddhati khoop vaividhyapurn hotya, jyamule susangatatechya abhavamule bahutek upchar atyant nirupayogi tharale.
gallen.
gallen, kadachit sarvat pramukh roman vaidya, yanni shareer rachnashastra tasech vanaushadhi upcharancha abhyas keela. vaidyakshastratil gallenchya yogdanacha pramukhyane tyachya tapshilvar pustak malikevar samavesh hota, jyamule bhavishyatil doctoranchya vyavharik vaidyakshastrachya abhyasat madat jhaali. pracheen jagaat vaidyakeey kshetratil tyanchya yogdanachya babatit, tyanni hippocratesarkhyach paddhatincha vapar karoon vaidyakeey dnyanacha vistar keela, jyaa aushadhanchya aprabhavi tharananya pauranik paddhatinpasun door gelya. tyanni jyaa paddhatincha sarav keela, tyamadhye shareer rachnashastracha abhyas karane aanee upcharanche vishvasarh marg shodhanyachya prayatnat anek vegvegalya prakriyancha vapar karane samavisht hote.
upchar paddhati.
aushadhi vanaspati.
naisargik aushadhanna khoop mahatva hote, kaaran teey krutrimaritya kahihi tayar karoo shakat navhate. pracheen roman lashkari talanvar aushadhi vanaspatinche anek khuna tasech aushadhi madya sapadale aahe. yaa prakarchya aushadhache eka udaharan mhanje green jasper, jyacha vapar potachya samasyanvar upchar karnyasathi keela jaat asey. lashkarachya doctoranna yaa vanaspatinche dnyan hote aanee kadachit tyanchya swatachya baganmadhyehi teey vadhavat asat. roman lock serve aushadhi vanaspatinchya vaparat yogya navhate, parantu placibo prabhavamule kadachit ajunahi kahee aushadhi vanaspati upayukt tharalya. pastill mhanoonahi olakhalya jaananya golyanmadhye dhatusambandhi ghatkansah aushadhi vanaspati aanee vanaspati asatat.
shastrakriya.
shahee romchya kalat shastrakriya hii phaar samanya pratha navhati aanee keval shevatcha paryay mhanoon aanee agadi aavashyak asalyasach vaparali jaat asey. yache kaaran mhanje rugnala shastrakriyenantar purvipeksha jaast vedna honyacha dhoka hota. jaree sadar kele taree teey keval flacks, tagache dhage kinwa dhatuchya pincha vapar karoon prushthbhagachya patalivaril prakriyepurate maryadit hote. roganmule houu shakananya antargat hanichya sandarbhat, anek doctoranni heey durust karnyacha prayatna keela nahee kaaran ayashasvi jhalyas tyanchi vaidyakeey pratishtha kharab hoil yaa bhitimule, jeey yaa prakriyambaddalachya dnyanachya abhavamule honyachi shakyata hotee.