makauchi ladhai

1622 madheel makauchi ladhai haah aagney chinmadhil makauchya portugij vasahatit ladhalelya dutch-portugij yuddhacha sangharsh hota. portugij, sankhya jaast aanee puresha tatbandishivay, teen divasanchya yuddhanantar 24 juuna roji atyant prasiddha vijayat dachanna mage hatavanyat yashasvi jhaale. hii ladhai hii chinchya mukhya bhubhagavar done european shaktinmadhye jhaleli ekmev mothee ladhai aahe.
parshvabhoomi.
1557 madhye portugijanni makaumadhye kayamswarupi vasahat aanee vyapar tall sthapan karnyasathi ming mandarinkadun parvanagi midvalyanantar, makau bandarala chean-japanchya fayadeshir vyaparacha madhyasth asanyacha khoop fayda jhaala, kaaran 'vakou' samudri chachyanchya bhitimule ming darbarane thet marganvar bandee ghatali hotee. makaumadhil portugalchya yashamule itar european sagari shaktincha matsar jhaala, jeey purv ashiyamadhye paay rovayala santh hote. hote portugij uttaradhikar sankatanantar jevha spaincha phillip dusra portugalcha raja jhaala, tevha portugij vasahatinvar spainchya shatruncha, visheshtah dutch aanee ingrajancha hallah jhaala, jeey mothya pramanat astitvat nasalelya deshachya kimmativar tyanchi paradeshi samrajye vadhavanyachi aasha thevat hote.
1601, 1603 aanee 1607 madhye dachanni makauvar chhapa takala hota, parantu 1622 chya dutch aakramanane shahar tabyat ghenyacha pahila kharaa prayatna darshavila. hirado yetheel tyanchi vyapari chauki nagasaki yetheel portugij portugij spardha karoo shakat nasalyane nirash jhalelya dutch lokanna aasha hotee qee makau tabyat ghetalyane tyanna chinmadhye vyavsayik aadhar milel tarr tyach velee portugijanna fayadeshir makau-nagasaki margapasoon vanchit thewel. makauchya patnane philipinesmadhil spaniards dekhil aadhar naan gheta rahtil aanee dachanna manilavar hallah karane sope hoil.
chhape takoonahi, chiinii chiinii hastakshepamule portugij chiinii shaharasathi vyapak sanrakshanatmak vyavastha ubharali navhati. 1622 madhye makauchya sanrakshanamadhye kahee kahee hotya, eka makau dweepkalpachya paschim tokavar (nantar saao thiago daa baaraa killyache thikan) aanee eka praya grandchya dakshin upasagarachya pratyek tokavar (poorves saao francisco aanee paschimes bomm parto), tasech seent cathedralkade durlaksh karnara ardha purn killa fortaleza doow monte. paul.
dutch jahaj 'gallias' neey neey akheris malay dhwaj patranche eka prakaran gheuun jaanare portugij jahaj tabyat ghetale tevha dutch lokanna makauchya sanrakshanachi dayaneey sthitee kaloo lagali. yaa adavalelya patrancha aanee japankadun upalabdh asalelya mahiticha nyayniwada kartana, dutch east indigeche governor general zaan pietersoon koen yanni asey manale qee makau gambhir hallyacha pratikar karnyachya sthiteet nahee aanee tyanni aapali aakraman yojana karyanvit kelee.
makauchi moheem.
dutch east india companyche (voke) mukhyalay asalelya batavia yethe, koenne makauchya mohimesathi aath jahajancha prarambhik tafa aayojit keela, jyachya aadeshanusar vatet vatet konatyahi dutch jahajala aakraman tafyat samavisht kele jaave. landing force tayar karnare sainik visheshtah nivadle gele hote aanee agadi agadi nehmipeksha qamee laskar aanee malay hote; europeanansathi naukanayanasathi sthanikanna gheuun jaanyachi pratha hotee.
koen yaa tafyavar itka samadhani hota qee jevha tyane hegg yetheel voke sanchalakanna patra lihile tevha tyane swatahun "itakya bhavya mohimeche" netrutva karoo naan shakalyabaddal khed vyakt keela. tyaa velee tyanchyakade pureshi yuddhe hotee asey sangoon, vhee. oo. see. digdarshakanni yaa upkramatil koenchya utsahat sahbhagi jhaale nahee aanee koenla adhik mahitipurn nirnay hoiparyant pratiksha karnyache aadesh dile. parantu cornellis reisersonchya netrutvakhalil tafa, aurder pathvanyapurvich 10 april 1622 roji bataviahoon ravana jhaala hota.
yaa mohimeche antim uddisht chean dhwaj dutch sainyacha tall sthapan karane aanee chiinii lokanna dutch lokanshi vyapar karnyas bhag padane heey hote, tyamule regersonla makauvar hallah naan karnyacha paryay denyat aala; tyane hallah keela qee nahee yachee parva naan karata tyane pescadorvar kille bandhayache hote. 8 juuna roji tafa jaal aanee panyasathi cam ranh khadimadhye gela, jithe tyane indochinchya dhwaj samore aalelya chaar dutch jahajancha samavesh keela aanee anglo-dutch sanrakshn tafyache edmiral william jansun yanchyasathi pathavalele jahaj vegale kele. mhanoon done divasannantar jevha tafa cam ranh khaditoon punha ravana jhaala, tevha too akra jahajanni banalela hota. kahee divasannantar, tafyala 28 siyami aanee 20 japani lokanna gheuun gheuun siyami yuddhatil yuddhatil samna karava lagla. japani lokanni dutch mohimet sameel honyas sangitale aanee tyanchi vinanti manya karnyat aalee. aata utaranyache sainya sumare sahashe hote, jyat kahee japani, malay aanee bandney sankhya hotee.
koenne yapurvi edmiral jansoonla manila nakabanditun kahee jahaje vegale karoon reisersonchya tafyat sameel honyache aadesh dile hote; parinami, done dutch aanee done ingraji jahaje 29 mepasoon makauchya baher vaat pahat hotee. aakraman aakraman tafyachya aagmanachi vaat pahat asatana chaar jahajanni makauchi sagari vahtook viskalit karnyacha prayatna keela hota, parantu teey konatehi portugij bakshis midvanyat ayashasvi tharale, kaaran makaucha tatkalin neta, japanchya samudraparyatanache pramukh capton lopo cermento dii carvalho yanni escort puravanyasathi saat khambanna bandukanni ghaighaine basavale hote.
aakraman aakraman tafyala 21 juuna roji makau disala aanee tethil chaar maitripurna jahaje bhetali. koenchya nirdeshannusar, ingrajanna sagari mohimanmadhye sameel honyasathi swatantrya hote parantu tyanna landingmadhye bhag ghenyachi kinwa vijay lutanyatil konatahi vaataa ghenyachi parvanagi navhati. parinami, ingraj captainany hallyasathi tyanchi jahaje denyas nakar deela. tyamule makauvareel hallyasathi reisersonchya netrutvakhali tera jahaje hotee, jyat jyat landing forces ekoon 1,300 purush hote.
ladhai.
22 junachya ratri, shaharatil 10,000 chiinii rahivasi tatasth rahtil qee nahee heey pahanyasathi reisuresonne teen purushancha eka scouting paksh aanee eka chiinii margdarshak dhwaj pathavala. aakraman honyapurvi chiinii lock shahar sodoon paloon gelyache pahoon teey lavkarach paratale. zadalya divashi sakali, yogya landing site shodhanyasathi reisureson swatah kahee varishtha varishtha prakshepanavar chadhala. zadalya divashi, 24 juuna roji aakraman karnare sainya purvekadil casilhas casilhas utaranyacha nirnay ghenyat aala.
bachavkartyanche ichchit landing sitevaroon laksh vichalit karnyasathi, teen jahaje-'groningen', 'gallias' aanee 'engelshe bear'-23 juuna roji dakshinekadil saao francisco batteriever bombfake karoo lagali. eka duparnantar tofanchya tofanchya aanee apmananchya (jithe dutch navikanni vees varshanvaril serve purushanna thaar marlyanantar makauchya mahilanvar balatkar karanyachi dhamki dilee hotee) nantar, portugij bajus konatihi jivitahani naan hota jahaje ratrabhar mage hutley. tathapi, dutch lokanni tyancha apekshit vijay aagauch tyanche ranshingade vajavoon aanee ratrabhar dhol vajavoon sajra keela. portugijanni shaharachya tatbandivar ashach marshal utsavansah pratisad deela.
makaula pureshi tatbandi navhati aanee aanee lokanchi kamatarata hotee. makauche bahutek nagrik cantonmadhye varshik japan vyaparasathi vastoo kharedi karat asatana dutch tafa aala; shivay, ming samratane aktoobar 1621 madhye chinavar jhalelya manchuchya vijayaviruddha ladhanyasathi makaukadoon saksham manse aanee tofa magavalya hotya. portugij nondincha andaj aahe qee tethe keval 50 bandukdhari aanee 100 rahivasi shastra balganyas saksham hote. zadalya divashi dutch utartil heey lopo cermento dii carvalhola purnapane samajale, mhanoon tyane ratra killyanchi tapasani karnyat aanee shevatchya divasaparyant ladhanyasathi aaplya manasanna ekatra aananyat ghalavali.
dutch jahajanni "groningen" aanee "gallias" yanni 24 juuna roji sakali, seent franciscochya mejavanichya divashi saao franciscover punha hallah keela. johnn baptist. burujavaril portugij tofkhanyanni itakya ugratene pratyuttar dile qee tyanni 'gallia' chee khoop haanee kelee, jee kahee aathvadyannantar nasht karavi lagali.
suryodayanantar sumare done tasanni, 800 janancha landing party casilhas casilhas ravana jhaala, jevha saao franciscover bombfake kelee jaat hotee. ubhaychar hallyat done jahajanchya golibarane samarthit, firatya bandukanni susajj 32 prakshepan aanee 5 nauka samavisht hotya. tasech, olsar barudchi eka nalee nalee fekali gelee jenekarun dutch lock dhunyachya jhakanakhali utaroo shaktil, jeey smoke screenchya davpechatmak vaparachya pahilya nondavalelya udaharananpaiki eka asalyache suchavale gele aahe.
antonio rodrigueschya netrutvakhali casilhas rujalelya sumare 60 portugij aanee 90 philhos daa terra cavalinone dhurat golibar karoon kahee prarambhik pratikar keela, 40 janancha mrutyu jhaala aanee edmiral reisersonchya potat jakhami houn tyala karvaitoon baher kadhale. capton [hans rafijanane landing forcechi kamaan ghetali aanee vegane khandak olandla, jyamule cavalinola mage hatane bhag padale, jyanantar urvarit landing force virodh naan karata utarala. utarala bhag aata surakshit asatana, rafijanane done kampanya casilhas mageel rakshak mhanoon sodalya aanee 600 purushansah shaharat pravesh keela, vatet cavalhinochya maghar maghar mansanshi chakmak karat.
dachanni shaharachya madhyabhagi suvyavasthitpane kooch kele aanee fortaleza doow montechya tofkhana shreniparyant pohochale, jithe tyanchyavar jordar bombsfot jhaale. jevha aakramankarte fontinha navachya chhotya chhotya gele, tevha jesuit pujari giacomo roow yanni fortaleza doow monte yethoon tofancha maaraa keela, joou dutch nirmitichya darmyan barudchya nalivar padala, jyamule anek jann mrutyumukhi padale.
dutch senapatinni tyanchya pudhil pavalancha vichar karnyasathi pudhe jaane thambavale. shatrunche changle darshan honyasathi tyanni guya tekadi chadhanyacha nirnay ghetala, jyavar eka ashram sthit hota, parantu tyanchya chadhaila 30 macaney aanee krishnavarniyanchya eka pakshane virodh keela, jyancha kroorpana aanee bhupradeshacha prabhavi vapar yamule dachanna mage valane bhag padale. thakwa aanee qamee darugola (sphotat bahutek gamavale hote) yamule divasabharacha maghar ghenyachya hetune aakramankarte guya tekadijavalachya unch jaminichya eka bhagakade nighale.
toparyant portugijanna heey spasht jhaale hote qee mukhya dutch sainya purvekadoon hallah karat hote aanee saao franciscochi bombfake hii keval eka kalpana hotee. tyamule saao thiagochya chhavanichya senapatine antargat sanrakshanala madat karnyasathi capton joao soares vivas yanchya netrutvakhali 50 manse pathavali. 
jevha portugijanna ducha hetu kalala, tevha bachavkartyanni duchya pudhe unch maidan vyapale. ladhaichya oradnyabarobar "santiago!", lopo cermento dii carvalhone pratihalla karnyache sanket dile aanee portugij bachavkarte, macanese nagrik, dominican fryers, jesuit pujari aanee kalya gulamanchya sanyukt sainyane shatruvar hallah keela, jyamule dutch lokanna maghar ghenyas bhag padale. 
capton hans rafijanane aaplya deshvasiyanna khambirpane ubhe rahanyache aavahan kele, parantu dutch maghar parabhavat badalalyane too ladhait marla gela. visheshtah 'madyadhund nigro gulaman' chee suruvat, johnn daad baptistchya navane tyanna sapadalelya serve dutch lokanche shirachhed kelyamule konalahi sodale nahee, tyamule hollanderche manobal mothya pramanat dhasalhale. yuddhadarmyanchya halbardchya avishvasaniy kaushalyasathi eka samkalin jesuitne eka krishnavarniy mahilechi tulana aljubarotachya suprasiddha bekar-mahileshi dekhil kelee. tathapi, jevha gulamanni mrutanna lutanyasathi pathlag sodoon deela tevha dachanna pathalagat thodi vishranti midali.
paloon jaanare dutch lock jevha casilhas casilhas pohochale, tevha maghar ghenyachya done mageel-rakshak kampanya ghabarlya aanee ekahi golee naan chalavata botikade paloon gelya. dutch landing partit bheeti itaki purn hotee qee dutch jahajanna farari lock ulthavoon takoo nayet mhanoon khol panyat jaave lagale, jyamule tyapaiki barech jann samudrat budale kinwa portugijanni tyanchyavar golya zadalya. zadalya divashi, edmiral reisuresonne kaidyanchya sutkesathi vataghati karnyasathi yuddhaviramasathicha dhwaj dhwaj pathavala. vataghati vyarth tharalya aanee nirash jhalelya dutch tafyane lavkarach makauche paanee sodoon pacecadorskade kooch kele.
parinam.
portugijanni sudur purvekadil dutch lokanviruddha keleli hii ladhai sarvat nirnayak hotee, kaaran hallekhoranche nuksan bachavpatunchya tulanet khoopach jaast hote. sarvat qamee portugij andajanusar tyanni tyaa divashi tyanchya teenshehun adhik shatrunna thaar marle hote, tarr bahutek portugijanni ekoon sahaa kinwa aathshe marle gele hote. adhikrut dutch aakadevarimadhye bandney aanee japani bhadotri sainikancha vichar naan karata mrutanchi sankhya 136 aanee jakhami jhalelyanchi sankhya 126 ashee soochibaddha kelee aahe. itihaskar see. aar. boxer suchavato qee mrut bandneys aanee japani mojale gele tarr mrutanchi vastavik sankhya sumare teenshe asoo shakate.
dutch dutch jivitahani visheshtah gambhir hotee, kaaran yaa ladhait saat karnadhar, chaar leftnunt aanee saat zenda gamavale gele. karmchari gamavanyavyatirikt, dutch lokanni tyanchi serve tofa, zende aanee upkarane dekhil gamavali. tyaa tulanet, portugij bajus mrutyu jhalelyanchi sankhya keval chaar portugij, done spanish aanee kahee gulamanchi hotee; sumare vees jann jakhami jhaale hote. batavia yethe, zaan pieterzoon koen heey ladhaichya parinamababat atyant kadoo hote, tyanni lihile qee, "yaa lajirwani paddhatine aamhi yaa tafyatil aamche bahutek sarvottam sainik bahutek shastransah gamavale."
portugij sanrakshanasathi, koenche asey mhanane hoteh "portugijanni aamhala makaumadhun tyanchya gulamansah parabhoot kele; teey konatyahi sainikasah kele gele nahee, kaaran makaumadhye konihi nahee. [...] aapan swatahla vaya ghalvat asatana shatru aapali malmatta itakya swastat kashee thevato teey pahaa. teey asehi mhanale qee, "makau yetheel portugijanchya gulamanni tyanchi itaki changli aanee vishvasoopane seva kelee qee, tyannich gelya varshi aamchya lokanna parabhoot kele aanee tethoon hakaloon dile" aanee yuddhadarmyan "aamchya lokanni phaar qamee portugij pahile". tethoon koen dutch sainikanchya tulanet yuddhasathi gulamanchya niyuktisathi vakili karnar hota.
portugijanni yaa vijayache prathamik shrey krishnavarniyanna dile nasale taree, tyanni gulamanni dakhavalelya shauryache itake kautuk kele qee vijayanantar lagechach anek gulamanchi yuddhbhumivar sutka jhaali. jevha kirkol chiinii chiinii chiinii pradeshache rakshan karnyasathi portugij sevecha purava mhanoon thaar jhalelya dutch lokanchi pramukh cantonla nele, tevha tyanni krishnavarniyanchya shauryachya katha dekhil spashtapane prasarit kelya, jyamule prabhavit prantiy naudalpramukhane (; european strotanmadhye 'haitao' mhanoon sandarbhit) tyanna 200 pikul tandalachi bhet pathavali.
dutch aakramananantar, govyatil portugij chiinii makaumadhye kayamswarupi sarvoch adhikari asane mahattvache asalyache samajale aanee 1623 pasoon makaula yogya rajyapal pathvanyas suruvat kelee. tyapurvi, yaa chhotyasha shaharache prashasana japanchya pravasachya pramukh karnadharadvare kele jaat hote, jyaa padacha lilav lisban darbarat sarvoch bolidarala darvarshi keela jaat asey aanee too japanla ravana jhalyanantar makauvar rajya karanyachi apeksha navhati. 
naveen vyavasthemule, capton-mejarcha adhikar vyapari tafyapurata japanparyant maryadit hota aanee makaumadhye tyala asalele serve visheshadhikar makauchya governorkade gele. pahila rajyapal, francisco muscarenhas yane govyachya aadeshanusar, dutch hallyachi punaravrutti honyapasoon bachav karnyasathi kille vadhavale, bandhkamakade dolhe mitanyasathi gwangdong prantiy chiinii laach dilee.
nantar 1622 madhye, jevha dutch tafa pascadorsmadhye pohochala, jyaa thikani mokyachya drushtikonatun makaupeksha changle manale jaate, tevha edmiral reisuresonne tethe eka killa bandhala aanee chiinii jahajanvar andadhund hallah karnyache koenche aadesh palale, jenekarun chiinii chiinii vyaparas parvanagi denyas bhag padale jaau shakel. hii chhal moheem yashasvi jhalyas, pescador japani bajarpethesathi resheem udyog mhanoon makau aanee manilachi jaaga gheu shaktil ashee aasha hotee.
tathapi, yaa chhapyanmule aanee makauvaril hallyamule chiinii lokanni hollanderna samudri daku aanee khuni mhanoon mananyas suruvat kelee aanee tyanchyashi vyapar karnyas nakar deela. tyanantar chiinii lokanni dutch lokanviruddha yuddh pukarle aanee 1623 teey 1624 yaa kalat sino-dutch sangharshadarmyan tyancha parabhav keela, jyamule dachanna 1624 madhye pescadorla taivansathi sodoon denyas bhag padale. tyaa velee, chiinii lokanni vyaparasathi duchya prastavacha vichar karnyas suruvat kelee. darmyanchya done varshant makaula vadhiv vyaparacha fayda jhaala hota.
makauchya yashasvi sanrakshanacha arth assa hota qee portugal ajunahi chean-japan vyaparavar niyantran thevu shakat hota, toparyant ghatatya portugij shaktisathi haah ekmev fayadeshir vyapar hota. 1639 madhye japanane serve portugijanna hakaloon dile aanee 1641 madhye portugij malakka dachanchya tabyat aala tevha yacha ant jhaala.
smaranotsav.
makaumadhil portugijansathi eka motha vijay asalyane, hii ladhai anek prakare sajari karnyat aalee. 1637 madhye jevha ingraj pravasi pieter mundi makaula aala, tevha tyane mulanchya nrutyache varnan kele, jyat portugal aanee dutch yanchyatil batteleche chitran kele hote... jithe dachanvar maat jhaali, tithe tyaa rashtrasathi konatyahi nindatmak bhashan kinwa apmanaspad krutishivay."tasech, vijayanantar, makauchya rahivashanni 24 juuna roji vijay sajra karnyasathi shahar deane mhanoon sajra karnyas suruvat kelee. haah divas makau dweepkalpavar sarvajanik sutticha divas hota aanee 1999 madhye makau chinkade supurd hoiparyant darvarshi sajra keela jaat asey.
1871 madhye, vijay udyanat yuddhache eka smarak ubharanyat aale.

