
johnn wilkins

johnn wilkins, (14 februwari 1614-19 november 1672) heey eka ingraji padri, naisargik tatvadnya aanee lekhak hote aanee shahee samajachya sansthapakanpaiki eka hote. 1668 pasoon mrutyuparyant too chestercha bishop hota.
auxford vidyapith aanee cambridge vidyapith yaa donhi thikani mahavidhyalayache netrutva karananya mojkya vyaktinpaiki wilkins heey eka aahet. tyaa kalatil sarvat mahattvachya vaidnyanik navnirmatyanpaiki eka nasale taree teey eka bahushrut hote. intergrenum oxfordmadhil rajkiy tanav qamee karnyasathi, nihpakshapati margane shahee samajachi sthapana karnyasathi aanee protestant gair-anuroop lokanparyant pohochanyachya prayatnanmadhye tyanche vaiyaktik guna samore aanale gele aanee tyanchya samkalinanna teey spasht disale. tyaa kalatil vidnyanashi susangat asalelya naveen naisargik dharmashastrachya sansthapakanpaiki teey eka hote. teey visheshtah "vastavik charitra aanee tatvik bhashevishayicha nibandh" (1668) sathee olakhale jaatat, jyamadhye tyanni itar goshtimbarobarach, metrik pranalipramanech sarvatrik bhasha aanee mojamapachi ekatmik pranali prastavit kelee.
wilkins mothya rajkiy aanee dharmik vadachya kalat jagat hote, tarihi serve rajkiy pattyanchya lokanshi kamache sambandh rakhanyat teey yashasvi jhaale; englandchya charchala shakya titkya panthansathi aaklan karnyachya margavar nenyat aanee urvaritansathi sahishnutechya margavar nenyat teey mahattvache hote. gilbert bernetne tyala "mallah maheet asalela sarvat shahana padri" mhatale. too manavjaticha premi hota aanee tyala changle kaam karnyat anand hota."tyachya savatra muleene johnn tillotsonshee lagn kele, joou 1691 madhye canterburycha archbishop jhaala.
prarambhik jeevan.
tyacha janm bahudha northamptonshirechya ashby yethe jhaala asava, jaree kahee srot fosley mhanatat; tyache vadil walter wilkins (mrutyu 1623) eka suvarnakar hote aanee tyachi aaee jaine dodd hii johnn dodd yaa prasiddha anuroop puritainchi mulgi hotee. tyanantar tyachya aaeene francis popashi punarvivah keela aanee tyancha mulga walter pope haah savatra bhau hota.
wilkinsche shikshan oxfordmadhil edward sylvesterdware chalavalya jaananya shalet jhaale aanee nyu inn hallmadhye tyanche matrick jhaale. tyanantar too oxfordchya magdalen hallmadhye gela, jithe tyacha shikshak johnn tombs hota aanee tyane 1631 madhye bii. aii. padvi, 1634 madhye emm. aii. padvisah padvi prapt kelee. tyane johnn benbrijsobat khagolshastracha abhyas keela.
wilkins 1637 madhye fosley yethe gele, qamee loksankhya asalelya mendhya-shetichya thikani, jyat shoor kutumbache varchasva hote, jyanchyakade tyane aanee nantar dodney seva kelee asel; richard nightly tethe dodcha aashraydate hota. februwari 1638 madhye khraist church cathedralmadhil church auph englandcha padari mhanoon tyachi niyukti karnyat aalee. tyanantar too anukrame laurd seey aanee silecha aanee 1641 paryant laurd berklecha padari banala. 1644 madhye too raja charles pahila yacha putanya prince charles louischa padri jhaala, joou tyaveli englandmadhye hota.
london, auxford aanee cambridge.
wilkins haah prayogik tattvadnyanat rus asalelya savantanchya gatanpaiki eka hota, jyane charles scarberg yaa rajeshahi chikitsakala gola kele, joou auxford sansadechya sainyakade gelyanantar 1646 chya unhalyat londonla aala. yaa gatat george ent, samuel foster, francis glisson, jonathan goddard, christopher merret aanee johnn wallis yancha samavesh hota.
scarbergchya vartulatil itar vilyam harvey aanee seth prabhag hote. 1645 chya gresham college group yaa london samoohache varnan wallisne khoop nantar kele, jyane theodor hakchahi ullekh keela aahe, aanee too paletin nirvasitanna dekhil deela aahe; wilkins auxford tatvik clubshey spasht sambandh aahet, joou royal societycha aanakhi eka aanee qamee durgam purvavarti aahe.
1648 pasoon charles louis westfeliyachya shantatecha parinam mhanoon gendyavaril paletinetcha matdar mhanoon aapale sthan swikaranyas saksham hota. wilkinsney khandiy europecha pravas keela aanee anthonychya matey lakudane headlebergla bhet dilee.
1648 madhye wilkins oxfordmadhil vadham mahavidhyalayache warden jhaale aanee tyanchya netrutvakhali mahavidhyalayachi bharbharat jhaali. tyanni rajkiy aanee dharmik sahishnutela chalana dilee aanee khristofar rains pratibhavan mananna mahavidhyalayakade aakarshit kele. jaree too oliver cromwellcha samarthak asala taree rajgharanyatil lokanni tyanchya mulanna tyachya tabyat thewale. prayogik vidnyanat rus asalelyanpasun, tyanni auxford philosophical club mhanoon olakhala jaanara eka mahattvapoorn gut ekatra keela, joou 1650 paryant niyamanchya sanchasah sthapan karnyat aala hota. londonchya kahee gatanvyatirikt (goddard, wallis, ward aanee raine jeey scarbergche tarun samarthak hote), tyat (thomas spratchya ahavalat) ralf batherst, robbert boyley, william petty, laurence rook, thomas vilis aanee mathyu raine yancha samavesh hota. robbert hukchi haloohaloo wilkins gatat bharati karnyat aalih too 1653 madhye oxfordchya khraist charchmadhye aala, shikshanasathi kaam karat hota, vilisacha sahayyak jhaala, wilkinsla (bahudha richard basbidware) tantradnya mhanoon olakhala gela aanee 1658 paryant too boylesobat kaam karat hota.
1656 madhye, wilkinsney oliver kromvelchi sarvat dhakati baheen robina french (nee cromwell) hichyashi vivah keela, jee 1655 madhye ticha patee pieter french, auxford yetheel khrist charchcha eka dharmopadeshak, maran pavala tevha vidhva jhaali hotee. wilkins asha prakare sansadiy samajachya eka uchch staravar sameel jhaale aanee yaa jodpyane whitehall palacemadhil kholya vaparlya. tyachya mrutyuchya kahee kaal aadhi, oliver cromwellne wilkinsasathi cambridge yetheel triiniity collegeche master mhanoon naveen niyuktichi vyavastha kelee, jyaa niyuktila richard cromwellne pushti dilee, joou tyachya vadilanchya jaagi laurd protector mhanoon aala. wilkins tithe maitri karnyasathi aanee isaq barrocha aashraydate honyasathi barach kaal hota.
punarbandhaninantar.
1660 madhye punarsthapana jhalyanantar, naveen adhikaanyaanee wilkinsla cromwellne dilelya padapasoon vanchit thewale; tyala yorkcha purvposhkar aanee cranford, middlesexcha rector mhanoon niyukti midali. 1661 madhye, too tyachya mitra seth prabhagat rahat, grays inmadhye upadeshak mhanoon niyukt jhaala. 1662 madhye too londonchya seent laurence juriecha wicker banala. londonchya bhishan aagit tyanni aapala padarivarg, granthalay aanee vaidnyanik upkarane gamavali.
majboot vaidnyanik abhiruchi asalele wilkins heey shahee samajache sansthapak sadasya hote aanee lavkarach teey sahkari mhanoon nivadle gele aanee samajachya done sachivanpaiki eka hoteh tyanni heinry oldenberg yanchyasobat kaam kele, jyanna teey 1656 madhye oxfordmadhye bhetale hote.
bishop.
wilkins 1666 madhye northamptonshirechya polbrookche wicker jhaale; 1667 madhye exterche prebendary; aanee pudhchya varshi, seent paulche prebendary aanee chesterche bishop jhaale. buckinghamcha dusra duke, george villierschya prabhavamule tyane bishop mhanoon aapale sthan midavale. tyaa kalatil dharmik samasyebabat buckinghamcha drushtikon samajane haah hota, jeey dharmik sahishnutepeksha qamee hote, parantu kiman kahee shantatapurn vataghati aanee vyavasthedvare englandchya charchmadhye gair-anuroop lokanmadhil presbyterianna aanane haah tyacha uddesh hota. wilkinsnehi yach dhartivar vichar keela. vilyam piers yanni punarsanyojan sweekarle hya johnn humphrey yanchya 1661 chya samarthanache teey sahanubhootishil vachak hote, jyanna aadhich ekada eka classisne presbyterian shailit niyukt kele hote.
wilkinsla niyukt kele jaat asatana, tyane dandatmak kayadyanchya vaparaviruddha aavaj uthavala aanee gair-anurupavadyanna kaay savalati dilya jaau shakatat heey pahanyasathi itar madhyam dharmachya bishpankadun pathimba midvanyacha twarit prayatna keela.
wilkins aanee hizkiah berton yanna bhetnanya asahmatidaransathi vilyam bates, richard baxter aanee thomas manton yanchyasamvet 1668 madhye aakalanshaktichi yojana surakshit karnyasathi eka gambhir prayatna karnyat aala. wilkinsla vatale qee presbyterian lokanna church auph englandmadhye aanale jaau shakate, tarr swatantra futiratavadi baher sodale gele. unhalyachya uttaradhat, mantonne buckinghamshey samanya sahishnutesathi swatantra cutt rachalyabaddal johnn ovenla doshi tharavale aanee baxterne lordschya gharakade boat dakhavale.
mrutyu.
wilkinscha mrutyu londonmadhye jhaala, bahudha tyachya mutrapindatil dagadanvar aanee mootra dharan karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya aushadhanmule.
kaam karate.
tyanchya anek likhit karyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
suruvatichi vaidnyanik kaame lokpriy hotee aanee tyanche francis godwinchya prakashananshi sambandh aahet. "chandramadhye jagacha shodh" (1638) tyanantar "eka naveen grahasandarbhat eka pravachan" (1640) aale. lekhak pruthvi aanee chandra yanchyatil samanata adhorekhit karato. yaa samanatechya aadhare, chandravar selenites yaa sajivanche nivassthan asel ashee kalpana tyanni mandali. godwincha 'daad mann inn daad moone' dekhil 1638 madhye prakashit jhaala. 1641 madhye wilkinsney 'paaraa, kinwa gupt aanee vegwan sandeshvahak' navacha eka anamik grunth prakashit keela. heey guptalekhanavaril eka lahanse kaam hote; kadachit godwinchya 'nuncius inanimates' (1629) chaa tyavar prabhav padala asel. tyachi 'ganiteey jaadoo' (1648) done vibhaganmadhye vibhagali gelee hotee, eka paramparik yantrik upkarnanvar jase qee yakrutavar aanee dusare, adhik anumanatmak, yantranvar. tyane shastriy lekhak aanee aadhunik lekhak, jase qee guidobaldo dell monte aanee merrin mersen, asha anek lekhakanna aakarshit kele. teey pakshyandvare chalana uddanasathi godwinchya 'daad mann inn daad moone' chaa sandarbh dete. jarr shikaleli kaame asateel tarr tee halki hotee aanee chandra rahnyayogya asanyachi shakyata aanee 'gupt' bajuchya aakrutinche sandarbh trithemius, johnn dii, rosecrucience, robbert flood asha nilya-aakashachya vicharanna manyata dilee.
"acclessiestes" (1646) hii adhik thet aanee bhavnik aavahan karnyasathi, vaktrutva aanee vidvattavad talhat, pracharat sadhya shailichi vinanti aahe. tyat upalabdh asalelya baybalsambandhi bhashanachya sampoorn kshetrache, upadesh tayar karnanyanchya vaparasathi vishleshan kele gele aanee anek vela tyache punarmudran karnyat aale. upadeshatil ciceronian shailipasoon door jaane aanee vaktrutvacha badalatya arthatoon aadhunik swar nirmiti yaa donhimadhye, heey eka sankramankalin karya mhanoon olakhale jaate.
"providence saundaryabaddalachya eka pravachanane" (1649) eka aprachalit ola ghetali, mhanje daivi providence sadhyachya dubhashyanpeksha adhik durlakshit hote. jevha heey vidyarthi sinhasanavar paratale tevha wilkinschya pratishthet bharr padali, qee devane vyavasthapit kelelya ghatananche alpakalin vachan dhokadayak aahe assa ishara deela hota.
1654 madhye, wilkins yanni seth wardsobat 'vindicia ekedemiaram' heey likhit uttar dile, jeey johnn websterchya 'ekedemiaram examen' laa uttar hote, jeey auxford aanee cambridge vidyapithanvaril tyaa kalatil anek hallyanpaiki eka hote aanee tyanchya shikavanyachya paddhati. yaa hallyacha prabhav itaranpeksha jaast hotah too eka sarvoch lashkari vyaktimatva johnn lambert yanna samarpit hota aanee jevha cardver aamulagra badal disat hota tevha too ughadpane sansadechya darmyan suru karnyat aala hota. wilkinsney (aine. ess. mhanoon) prabhagala eka khule patra dile; aanee prabhagane (etch. dii. mhanoon, tyachya navachi antim akshare dekhil ghetalyamule) adhik dirgh uttar dile. wilkins done mukhya mudde mandatoh pratham, webster vidyapithanchya vastavik sthitivar laksh dett nahee, jeey tyanni mhatalyapramane junya shaikshanik paddhati, aristotal aanee gallenshee julalele navhate; aanee dusare mhanje websterche prashansaneey lekhakanche mishran, vishayanchi purn samaj naan thevata, kharokhar murkhpanache hote. yaa drushtikonatun wilkinsla 1630 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1640 chya dashakachya suruvatila tyachya lekhanapasun kahise mage hatave lagale. tyane alekzandar roskade, eka atishay puranmatvadi abhijat, jyane swatachya khagolshastriy karyanvar hallah keela hota, webstersathi adhik yogya lakshya mhanoon, nirdesh karnyachya margane yavar prakash takala. hii devanghevan naveen prayogik tattvadnyanchya jadutona aanee kattartavadi lokanshi asalele sambandh kadhoon taknyachya prakriyecha eka bhag hotee.
1668 madhye tyanni tyancha 'eka vastavik charitra aanee eka tatvik bhashevishayicha nibandh' prakashit keela. tyat tyanni lattinchi jaaga purnapane nihsanshay bhasha mhanoon sarvatrik bhasha tayar karnyacha prayatna keela, jichyashi vidwan aanee tatvadnya sanvad sadhu shaktil. yaa kamacha eka pailu mhanje metrik pranalipramanech mojamapachya ekatmik pranalichi soochana hotee, parantu jyala kadhihi protsahan dile gele nahee.
tyachya shabdakoshatmak karyat tyane william lloidsobat sahkarya kele. samajasathi saumyapane vyangyatmak kelelya 'daad (1663)' yaa prakalpacha sandarbh detoh