
bhikshuncha dheeg

bhikshuncha dheeg haah americetil sarvat motha purv-columbian maticha karkhana aahe aanee mesoamericachya uttarekadil sarvat motha pyramid aahe. tyachya bandhkamachi suruvat ii. sha. 900 teey 955 darmyan jhaali. collinsville, eleanois jawalil unescochya jaagtik varsa sthalavaril kahokia tekdyanvar sthit, yaa tekadicha aakar 1988 madhye sumare unch, dakshin tokavaril pravesh ramps lamb aanee rund assa ganala gela. yamule bhikshu tyachya payathyashi gizachya mahan pyramidchya aakaraitkech aakarache asatat. tyachya payachi parimiti teotihuacan yetheel suryachya pyramidkadoon mothee aahe. eka vyaspithavarche dheeg mhanoon, matichya kamane shikharavaril lakadi sanrachanela aadhar deela.
dagadane bandhalelya egyptian pyramidschya ulat, platformche dheeg jawaljawal purnapane topali-vahtook maatee aanee chikanmatichya tharanni bandhale gele hote. yaa bandhkamamule aanee tyachya sapat shikharamule, gelya kahee varshant, tyane sanrachanet pavasache paanee rakhoon thewale aahe. yamule dhasalhane, tekadichya sarvoch bhagachya bajunchya mothya bhaganche himaskhalanasarkhe sarkane jhaale aahe. tyachi rachana keleli parimane tyachya sadhyachya vyaptipeksha lakshaniyaritya lahan asatee, parantu alikadil utkhananatun asey disun aale aahe qee dheeg tayar hott asatana dekhil ghasaran hii eka samasya hotee.
bandhkam aanee tyag.
mississippian sanskratidvare bhikshunchya tekadyanche bandhkam ii. sha. purv 900-950 chya sumaras, jyaa thikani aadhich imarati vyapalelya hotya, tyaa thikani suru jhaale. mool sankalpana khoopach lahan teelachi asalyache disate, jee aata sadhyachya sanrachanechya uttarekadil tokat kholvar dadaleli aahe. shikhar patharachya uttarekadil tokavar, shevati ii. sha. 1100 chya sumaras purn jhalele, eka kshetra thodese unch kele gele aahe, jyavar eka imarat lamb thewali gelee hotee, jee sampoorn kahokia tekadyanchya shahari kshetramadhil sarvat mothee aahe. bhikshunchya tekdyanvaril vanaspatishastriy avashesh asey suchavatat qee teey purvichya kalpanepeksha khoop lavkar bandhale gele hote, kadachit salag anek dashakanchya kramane, tyachya bandhkam itihasacha paryayi drushtikon pradan karate. 2007 madheel sakhol utkhananat purvichya chachani boaringschya nishkarshanna pushti midali qee vegvegalya strotanmadhun anek prakarchi maatee aanee chikanmati anukrame vaparali gelee hotee. vividh sthalanchya abhyasatoon asey soochit hote qee, kahee matipasoon banavalelya, tarr kahee mississippy puur-maidanatil sodschya ubharanimule yaa tekadichya sthiratet sudharana jhaali, jyamule keval pruthvichya vaparapeksha unch utaranna parvanagi midali. hii rachana chaar terressmadhye unchavar aahe, jyacha aayatakruti paya sumare 22 dashalaksh ghanfoot adobs aachchhadit aahe, topalinusar topali tyaa thikani nenyat yete.
ii. sha. 1200 purvi kahee kaal jodalela tekadicha sarvat alikadil bhag mhanje dakshin tokavaril khalcha gachchi, joou uttarekadil toke tyachya purn unchivar pohochalyanantar jodala gela hota. toparyant suru asaleli ghasaran qamee karnyat madat karnyacha anshatah hetu asoo shakato. aaj shikhar patharcha paschim ardha bhag purvepeksha lakshaniyaritya qamee aahe; haah sumare ii. sha. 1200 pasoon suru jhalelya mothya ghasaranicha parinam aahe. yamule mothya imaraticha paschim tokahi kosalala. yamule tekadicha uchch darja sodoon denyat aala asava, jyanantar dakshin gachchivar vividh lakadi imarati ubharanyat aalya aanee dhigaonyachya payathyashi kachara takala gela. 1300 chya sumaras kahokia tekdyanvaril shahari samaj gambhirpane qamee hott hota. jevha tekadichya purvekadil bajula gambhir ghasaran houu lagali, tevha tyachi durusti jhaali nahee.
european vasahati.
sumare ii. sha. 1400 nantar shekado varshe kahokia tekadyanchya shahari bhagat lakshaniy sthanik american vasahati asalyacha konatahi purava nahee. 1735 madhye french dharmpracharkanni tekadichya dakshin gachchichya paschim tokala eka prathanagruh bandhale. 1752 chya sumaras pratispardhi jamatinni tyanna haah parisar sodoon denyas bhag padale jaiparyant, laal 'abbe nadee mohimene eka chhotya ilinivek samudayachi seva kelee. 1776 madhye, american krantikari yuddhadarmyan, yaa tekadichya shejari (toparyant gret noob mhanoon olakhale jaanare)' cantine 'navache eka vyapari kendra sthapan karnyat aale. too keval 1784 paryant tikala.
19vya shatkachya suruvatila, french vanshachya lokanni yaa jaminivar dawa keela hota aanee nicolas jarot yanchyakade tyateel bahutansh bhagasathi eka khat hote. tyane kahee french trappist bhikshunchya eka chhotya gatala daan kele, jeey 1809 pasoon eka chhotya tekadivar sthayik jhaale. tyanni mothya tekadichya terrescha fayda gheuun utpadan ghetale, jeey purachya dhokyapeksha varr hoteh varchya staravaril gahoo, dakshin terresvaril baag utpadan. 1813 paryantchya tyanchya alpakalin vastavyadarmyan, heinry brackenridgene yaa thikanala bhet dilee aanee sarvat mothya tekadiche pahile tapshilvar varnan prakashit kele. tyane tyala bhikshuncha dheeg asey naav dile.
1831 madhye tii. aamos tekadine tekadisah jameen vikat ghetali. tyane varchya gachchivar eka ghar bandhale aanee eka vihir budali. yaa karyat manvi hadansah vividh puratatva avashesh ughad jhaale.
puratatva.
thomas I. 1864 madhye heey thikan vikat ghetalelya rameene adhik jababdar malkichya yugala suruvat kelee aanee puratatviy tapasala protsahan dile. prushthbhagavar kinwa tyachya jawal anek kalakruti sapadalya. ramine tekadichya uttar bajus jawaljawal eka bogda bandhala hota, parantu tyat aitihasik swarasya asalele kahihi ughad jhaale nahee. toparyant lock yaa tekadicha tyachya sandarbhat adhik vichar karoo lagale hote. sthanik dantvaidhyansathi kelele sarvekshan dow. johnn aar. 1880 chya dashakat patrickne sampoorn kahokia sthal aanee parisaratil itar sthalanshi tyache sambandh yaa aadhunik samajutichi suruvat kelee.
tevhapasoon yaa tekadichi anek puratatviy tapasani jhaali aahe. sarvat mothya prakalpanpaiki eka 1960 chya dashakat suru jhaala, jevha sthanik vyapari aanee sthanik sanskratincha itihaskar nelson reed yane utkhanan karanyachi parvanagi ghetali. bhikshunchya tekadichya shikharavar ubhi asalyache gruheet dharaleli unch darjachi imarat (mandir kinwa rajwada) shodhanyacha too prayatna karat hota. yaa tekadivar vividh thikani coor khodoon, tyanchya chamoone ii. sha. 10vya teey 12vya shatkatil tyachya bandhkamachya vividh tappyancha khulasa keela. baryapaiki alikadil gharache (bahudha tekadiche) avashesh sapadale, parantu konatehi mandir sapadale nahee.
1970 madhye nalkathi punha tekadivar kaam karnyasathi paratali aanee eka naveen ranniti avalambalih prushthamatila anek pattyanmadhun backhoseh, sabhovatalachya kholvar kadhoon takane. yamule mandirachya rupareshesah vividh vaishishtye patkan ughad jhaali. 1971 madhye pudhil backhochya kamane kahokia yethe sapadalelya sarvat mothya imaratichya aakarachi pushti kelee. vyavsayik puratatvashastradnyanni yaa tantrala virodh keela kaaran tyane tekadichya bahutek shikharavaril shekado varshanchya starikaranala nasht kele, jyadvare teey kalakruti aanee bandhkamache sthan aanee moolyankan karoo shakat hote. nalyachya backhoe utkhananat itar mahattvapoorn vaishishtye ughad jhaali, jase qee eka chhidra jeey sumare teen phoot (eka meater) vyasachya khambasathi saket asalyache disate. yaa natyamay shodhanmule eleanoychya rajyapalanna kahokia tekadya rajya udyanachya vistarasathi arthsankalp tayar karnyas protsahan midale.
jatan karane.
mool shahari samaj kosalalyapasun, mothe dheeg zadanni bharalele jhaale, jyachya mulanni tyachya unch utaranna sthir karnyas madat kelee. 20 vya shatkat, sanshodhakanni tekadi aanee udyanachya tayarichya kamadarmyan zaade kadhali. 1950 chya dashakat mississippy purbhumitil bhujal patali qamee jhalyamule tekada korada padala, jyamule aatalya chikanmatichya tharanche nuksan jhaale. jevha musaldhar paus padala, tevha sumare 1956 pasoon naveen ghasaran jhaali. alikadchya dashkantil vadhatya hinsak havamanamule hii samasya aanakhi vadhali aahe. 1984-5 madhye anek ghasaran jhaali aanee rajya sarkarne purvekadil pramukh daganchi durusti karnyasathi atirikt maatee aanali. eka dashkanantar, paschim bajula aanakhi ghasaran hott hotee, itaki aniyamit qee durusti karane avyavharya hote. musaldhar pavasache parinam qamee karnyasathi naale basavanyat aale. yaa prakriyedarmyanach kamgaranna dhigaonyakhali kholvar dagad sapadala.
1980 aanee 1990 chya dashkatil durusti keval anshatah yashasvi jhaali. 2004-5 madhye adhik gambhir ghasaraniche prasang ghadale. purv bajus mothee ghasaran bharoon kadhanyasathi naveen pruthvi jodane hii chook hotee heey yatoon disun aale. tadnyanni eka naveen drushtikon swikaranyacha nirnay ghetala. 2007 madhye, yaa ghasaranitun pruthviche sampoorn vastuman aanee vayavya kopyatil dusare, antargat ghasaranyachya kshetrachya palikade asalelya pataliparyant khodanyasathi backhoecha vapar karnyat aala. abhiyantyanni mool pruthvi (aayat keleli durusti samagri vaja) tyachya mool staravar badalnyapurvi ughadya chehnyavar slipavirodhi "payya" tayar kelya. tekadichya aateel bhagat kholvar paanee ghusavane talhanyasathi, kaam unhalyat aanee shakya titkya lavkar kele gele. durustichya kamas samantar, puratatvashastradnyanchya chamoonni ughad hott asalelya puravyancha abhyas keela. purvekadil sarkanare kshetra mool andajapeksha dhigamadhye adhik kholvar ghusale aanee utkhanan khoop mothe-rund, dhiganchya payathyapasun unchiparyant asave lagale. yamule sanwardhan aanee puratatva yanchyatil sangharshachi chinta vadhali.