
machoo pichu

machoo pichu haah 15vya shatkatil inka killa aahe, joou dakshin peruchya purvekadil cordileramadhye dongral parvataranganvar sthit aahe. anekada 'inkanche haravalele shahar' mhanoon sambodhale jaanare heey inka samrajyache sarvat parichit prateek aahe. heey kuskochya vayvyes asalelya pavitra khonyachya varr urubamba prantatil machupichu jeelhyat sthit aahe. urubamba nadee tichya palikade vahate, cordileramadhun jaate aanee ushnakatibandhiy parvatiy havamanasah eka daree tayar karate. sitechya navachya sandarbhat, ingraji kinwa spanish bolananyansathi, 'pichu' madheel pahila 'see' shant aahe. ingrajimadhye, naav spanishmadhye kinwa kinwa mhanoon uchcharale jaate aanee kvechuaamadhye (machoo piku) asey uchcharale jaate.
inka sanskratichi konatihi likhit bhasha navhati aanee 19 vya shatkaparyant konatyahi european lokanni yaa sthalala bhet dilee navhati, aataparyant dnyat aahe, mhanoon teey vaparat asatana tyaa jaagechi konatihi lekhee nond nahee. imaratinchi nave, tyanche kathit upayog aanee tyanche rahivasi heey tyaa thikanchya kabarinsah bhautik puravyanchya aadhare aadhunik puratatvashastradnyanche utpadan aahe. machoo pichu abhijat inka shailit koradya dagadachya bhintinsah bandhanyat aala hota. intihuatana", "suryache mandir" aanee "teen khidkyanchi kholee" yaa tyachya teen prathamik rachana aahet. abhyagatanna tyaa moolatah kasha disalya yachee adhik changli kalpana denyasathi bahutek bahya imarati punarbandhani karnyat aalya aahet. 1976 paryant, machoo pichchuche 30 takke punarsanchayit karnyat aale hote aanee punarsanchayit karane suru aahe. agadi alikadchya puratatvashastradnyanch asey mutt aahe qee machoo pichu heey inka samrat pachakuti (1438-1472) sathee eka malmatta mhanoon bandhale gele hote. inkanni 1450 chya sumaras hii malmatta bandhali parantu eka shatkanantar, spanish vijayaveli tee sodoon dilee. naveen aii. emm. ess. radiocarbon dettingnusar, teey see pasoon vyapale gele hote. 1420-1532 2022 madhye prakashit jhalelya aitihasik sanshodhanat assa dawa keela gela aahe qee, tyach navachya chhotya shikharavar astitvat asalyamule, yaa thikanala kadachit inca lock swatach huana pichu mhanat hote.
machoo pichchoola 1982 madhye peruvian aitihasik abhayaranya aanee 1983 madhye unescoche jaagtik varsa sthal mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale. 2007 madhye, jagbharatil internet sarvekshanat machoo pichchoola jagatil naveen saat aashcharyanpaiki eka mhanoon nivadanyat aale.
vyutpatti.
kwechua bhashet, "machoo" mhanje "vruddha" kinwa "vruddha vyakti", tarr "piku" mhanje "pyramid; tokdar, bahu-bajunni ghan; shanku", jaree too "kokachya chaghalalelya bhagacha dekhil sandarbh deu shakato."asha prakare yaa sthalache naav kadhikadhi" "juna parvat" "mhanoon vaparale jaate". machoo pichu aanee huana pichu yaa done parvat shikharanchya arund kathivar heey thikan aahe.
2021 madhye 'naupa pachah journal auph daad institute auph andian studies' madhye prakashit jhalelya abhyasanusar asey soochit kele gele aahe qee, kwechua bhashet, tyaa thikanchya chhotya shikharanantar, kinwa kadachit, fakt 'pichu' mhanoon, tyaa sodoon dilelya inka sthalala 'huana pichu' asey mhatale gele hote. kwechua bhashet huana mhanje 'tarun'. sanshodhan dastaivajanusar, 1911 saalee american itihaskar aanee sanshodhak hiram bingham yanchya prakashananpasun suru houn, machoo pichu heey naav avasheshanshi sambandhit jhaale. aziz betavaril tyanchya ahavalanshi sambandhit sthanik kwechua bhashikanchya sandarbhancha purava, suruvatiche nakashe aanee agadi binghamshey jhalelya charchecha dekhil purava, aitihasik nondinchya naveen sanshodhanat tyaa jageshi sambandhit bingham navachya spashtapane aniyantrit nivadishi sambandhit uddhrut keela aahe-jeey paramparik navapeksha vegale hote. tyaa sodoon dilelya vasahatichya bandhkamkartyanni dilele naav sanshodhakanni nishchit kelele nahee.
itihas.
machoo pichchuvar vishvas hota (richard ell. berger, yell vidyapithatil manavvanshashastrache pradhyapak) 1450 chya dashakat bandhale gele asavet. tathapi, bergerchya netrutvakhalil 2021 chya abhyasat redio carbon datingcha (visheshtah, aii. emm. ess.) vapar karoon heey ughad kele gele qee machoo pichu sumare 1420-1530 jahiratinpasun vyapala gela asava. patchacutech inka yupankvi (1438-1471) aanee tupac inka yupankvi (1472-1493) yaa done mahan inka shaskankadun bandhkam jhaale asalyache disate. puratatvashastradhyanm ekmat aahe qee patchakutekne bahudha yashasvi lashkari mohimenantar, tyachya maghar mhanoon vaparasathi shahee malmatta bandhanyache aadesh dile. machoo pichchu hii jaree 'shahee' malmatta manali jaat asali, taree tee uttaradhikarasathi pudhe gelee nasati. tyaeivaji, inka samrajyachya itar bhagantil spanish vijayanmule, sodoon denyapurvi 80 varshe tyacha vapar keela jaat hota. spanish vijete yaa bhagat yenyapurvi pravashanni aanalelya shitpittamule tethil bahutansh rahivasi maran pavale asanyachi shakyata aahe.
pracheen jeevan.
machoo pichchumadhil dainandin jeevan.
rajgharanyachi malmatta mhanoon tyacha vapar kartana, assa andaj aahe qee sumare 750 lock tethe rahat hote, tyapaiki bahutekjan sahayyak karmchari ("yanconas, yana") mhanoon kaam karat hote jeey tethe kayamche rahat hote. jaree hii malmatta pachakutekchi asali taree dharmik tadnya aanee tatpurte vishesh kamgar (mayox) dekhil tethe rahat hote, bahudha shasakachya kalyanasathi aanee aanandasathi. kathor hangamat, karmchanyanchi sankhya sumare shambhar sevakanparyant qamee karnyat aalee aanee kahee dharmik tadnyanni keval dekhbhalivar laksh kendrit kele.
abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee, tyanchya hadanchya avasheshannusar, tethe rahnare bahutek lock vividh parshvabhumiche sthalantarit hote. jarr teey ayushyabhar tithe rahat asat tarr tyanchyakade rasayanik chinhak aanee asthisambandhi chinhak nasayache. tyaeivaji, hadanchya avasheshanchya sanshodhanat peruchya vividh bhagat sthanik asalelya panyachya parajivinchya vividh prajatinmule hadanche nuksan jhalyache aadhalun aale aahe. bhinn asthisambandhi taana aanee bhinn rasayanik ghanata dekhil hotya, jeey vegale asalelya vishisht pradeshanche vaishishtyapurn dirghakalin aahar suchavatat. yaa aaharat makaa, batate, dhanye, shenga aanee maase yanchya vegvegalya patalyancha samavesh asato, parantu yaa lokansathi ekoon sarvat alikadil alpakalin aaharat qamee maase aanee adhik makyache mishran hote. yavarun asey soochit hote qee anek sthalantarit adhik kinarpattivaril bhagatoon aale hote aanee machoo pichchu yethe sthalantarit jhaale hote, jithe annapadarthanchya sevanacha motha bhag makyacha hota. yaa thikani sapadalelya bahutek hadanchya avasheshanmadhye inka samrajyachya bahutek thikani aadhalanaya sandhedukhi aanee hadanchya fracturechi patali qamee hotee. sandhivat aanee hadanche fracture jhalelya inka vyakti samanyatah tyaa hotya jyanni judd sharirik shram kele (jase qee mita) kinwa inka sainyat seva kelee.
machoo pichchumadhye sthalantarit jhalele prani dekhil asalyacha sanshay aahe, kaaran tyaa bhagat mool nasaleli anek hadey sapadali hotee. aadhalaleli bahutek pranyanchi hadey lama aanee alpaka pasoon hotee. heey prani naisargikaritya machoo pichuchya unchipeksha jaast unchivar rahatat. bahudha, heey prani mansaharasathi aanee tyanchya peltsasathi puna pradeshatoon aanale gele hote. yaa thikani vishesh thadgyanchya guhanmadhye giinii dukarahi sapadale hote, jeey soochit karatat qee tyancha vapar kiman antyavidhichya vidhisathi keela jaat asey, kaaran sampoorn inka samrajyat tyancha vapar yadnya aanee mansasathi karane samanya hote. ghatanasthalavarun sahaa kutrehi japt karnyat aale. manvi avasheshanmadhye tyanchya sthanamule, asey manale jaate qee tyanni mrutanche sathidar mhanoon kaam kele.
krishi vyavasay.
machoo pichchu yethe keleli bahutansh shetee tyachya shekado manavnirmit terresvar kelee jaat asey. yaa terres heey mothya pramanat abhiyantrikiche kaam hote, jeey changlya nichara aanee matichi supikata sunishchit karnyasathi bandhale gele hote, tasech dongarala dhoop aanee bhuskhalanapasun dekhil vachavanyasathi bandhale gele hote. matra, terres paripoorn navhate, kaaran jaminichya abhyasatoon asey disun yete qee machoo pichuchya bandhkamadarmyan bhuskhalan jhaale hote. ajunahi ashee thikane disatat jithe bhookampachya dhakkyane terres halavanyat aale aanee nantar inca yanni tyaa kshetrachya bhovati bandhkam suru thevalyamule sthir kele. urubamba nadee aanee itar anek zyankade pahana chhatanni peak utpadanasathi godya panyachi soya kelee aanee 1,000 hoon adhik gharanna seva dilee.
tathapi, gachchivaril shetiche kshetra keval sumare jameen aahe aanee gachchichya sabhovatalachya matichya abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee tethe jeey pikavale jaat hote teey mukhytah makaa aanee batate hote, jeey machoo pichu yethe rahana 750 + lokanna aadhar denyasathi purese navhate. machoo pichu yethe inkanni khallelya annavar kelele abhyas aajubajuchya khonyanmadhun aanee durchya pradeshatoon qaa aayat kele gele heey yavarun spasht hote.
assa andaj aahe qee ii. sha. 1450 pasoon yaa jagechya aaspaschya bhagat darvarshi jaast paus padala aahe, joou pikanchya vadhila aadhar denyasathi aavashyak asalelya pavasapeksha jaast hota. machoo pichchu yethe puresa paus padalyamule, asey aadhalun aale qee terressathi sahasa sinchanachi aavashyakta nasate. terresvar itka paus padala qee teey visheshtah atirikt panyacha puresa nichara karnyasathi incan abhiyantyanni bandhale hote. 1990 chya dashakat keneth raitane kelelya utkhanan aanee matichya vishleshanatun asey disun aale qee, chhappar tharanmadhye bandhale gele hote, jyat mothya dagadancha talacha thurr sail kankarine jhakalela hota. khadakachya varr mishra valoo aanee khadakacha thurr hota, joou ekatra bharalela hota aanee tyavar samruddha maatee hotee. sanshodhanatun asey disun aale aahe qee varchya matila kadachit khonyachya majalyavarun terresvar halavanyat aale hote kaaran tee dongaravaril matipeksha khoop changli hotee.
manvi balidan aanee goodhvad.
jaree anek yadnyanna kadhihi yogya daphan kele gele nahee aanee tyanche sangadyanche avashesh ghatakanchya adheen jhaale asale, taree machoo pichu yetheel manvi balidananche varnan farach qamee mahitimadhye kele jaate. tathapi, asey purave aahet qee maranottar jeevanat mrut kuleen vyaktisobat rahnyasathi sanrakshakancha balee denyat aala hota. devatanna prani, drav aanee ghaan balee dene adhik samanya hote aanee teey kondorchya vedivar kele jaat asat. naveen yugatil andian dharmachya sadasyanni hii parampara kayam thewali aahe.
pashchimatyanshi bhet.
spanish shodh.
1500 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, alikadech yaa bhagavar niyantran midavalelya spanioredsney dastaivajikaran kele qee sthanik lokanni "huana pichu" kadey paratanyacha ullekh keela aahe, jeey naav moolatah sthanikanni yaa thikanala dile asalyache manale jaate. spanish vijete baltasar dii ocampo yanni 16vya shatkachya akheris, bhavya aanee bhavya imarati asalelya, bhavya kaushalya aanee kalene ubharalelya, pitcos navachya dongral killyala bhet dilyachya nondi kelya hotya, darvajanche serve lintel, tasech samanya killyanpramanech mukhya, sangamarvari aanee vistrut koreev kaam kelele hote.
shatkanushatke, aajubajuchya jangalane yaa jaagechi vaadh kelee aanee jawalchya kshetrabaheril phaar qamee lokanna tyache astitva maheet hote. augusto burns yaa german vyavsayikane 1867 madhye yaa jaagecha punha shodh lavala aanee lutmar kelee asavi. kahee purave asey soochit karatat qee german abhiyanta jeey. emm. wonn hassel lavkar aala. nakashanvar 1874 salapasoonach machoo pichchuche sandarbh disatat. 1904chya eka etalasane yaa thikanala huana pichchu mhanoon niyukt kele.
inka rajdhani shodha.
1911 madhye american itihaskar aanee sanshodhak hiram bingham yanni junya inka rajdhanichya shodhat yaa pradeshacha pravas keela aanee tyanna melchor artega yaa gavkyane machoo pichula nele. binghamla augustein lizarraga heey naav aanee eka bhintivar kolshane lihileli 1902 chee tarikh sapadali. avasheshanna bhet denare bingham heey pahile nasale taree, machoo pichchuche aantarrashtriy laksh vedhoon ghenare teey vaidnyanik shodhak manale jaat hote. binghamne 1912 madhye mothya pramanavar safsafai aanee utkhanan karnyasathi aanakhi eka moheem aayojit kelee.
pahili american moheem.
bingham heey prashikshit puratatvashastradnya nasale taree yell vidyapithat vyakhyate hote. 1909 madhye, santiago yetheel panne-american vaidnyanik parishadetoon paratatana, tyanni perumadhun pravas keela aanee apurimac khoyatil chokwekwirau yetheel inka avasheshancha shodh ghenyasathi tyanna aamantrit karnyat aale. tyanni inka rajdhanicha shodh ghenyasathi 1911 saalee yale peruvian mohimeche aayojan kele, jee vitkosche shahar manali jaat hotee. tyane lima yetheel pramukh itihaskaranpaiki eka asalelya carlos romeroshi sallamasalat kelee, jyane tyala upayukt sandarbh aanee vadil antonio dii laa calancha yancha augustinianscha itihas dakhavala. visheshtah, ramosla vatale qee vitcos "godya panyachya zyanvaril eka mothya pandhya khadkajaval aahe."punha kuskomadhye, binghamne lagwad karnanyanna kalanchane namood kelelya thikanambaddal, visheshtah urubamba nadichya kathavar vicharale. binghamchya matey, "eka junya shodhkane sangitale qee machoo pichchu yethe manoranjak avashesh aahet", jaree tyachya vidhananna "pramukh nagarikanni mahatva dile nahee."nantarach binghamla kalale qee charles vinearnehi huana pichu aanee machoo pichu yetheel avasheshambaddal aikale, parantu teey tyanchyaparyant pohochu shakale naheet.
yaa mahitisah sashastr moheem urubamba nadivar gelee. vatet, binghamne sthanik lokanna, visheshtah zyanvar pandhara khadak asalyache varnan kelelya konatyahi thikani, tyanche avashesh dakhavanyas sangitale.
mandor pampavar binghamne shetkari aanee dharamshalecha malak melchor artega yanna jawalchya avasheshambaddal mahitee aahe qaa asey vicharale. artegane sangitale qee tyala huana pichuchya mathyavaril utkrusht avasheshanchi mahitee hotee. dusya divashi, 24 julai roji, artegane bingham aanee sargent carrasco yanna eka laak pulavar aanee machoo pichuchya thikanaparyant nadee olandali. parvatachya shikharavar, tyanna eka chhoti zopadi disali, jyat done kwechua, richard aanee alvarez hote, jeey chaar varshanpurvi tyanni saaf kelelya kahee mool machoo pichu shetichya terreschi shetee karat hote. alvarezcha 11 varshancha mulga, pablito, binghamla dongararanganchya bajoone mukhya bhagnavsheshanparyant gheuun gela.
saaf kelelya shetmalachya terres aanee shetkari bhajipalyachi baag mhanoon vaparat asalelya safsafai vagalata avashesh bahutek vanaspatinni jhakalele hote. vanaspatinmule, bingham yaa jaagechi sampoorn vyapti pahoo shakala nahee. tyane anek pramukh imaratinchya uttam darjachya inca dagadkamakade laksh dett prathamik nondi, mojmap aanee chhayachitre ghetali. avasheshanchya mool uddeshabaddal bingham aspasht hota, parantu too vitkoschya varnanashi julato asey konatehi sanket navhate assa nishkarsh kadhala.
urubamba nadiparyant aanee vilkabamba nadyanparyant hii moheem suru rahili aanee tyanna sapadu shakananya serve avasheshanchi tapasani kelee. sthanikanchya margdarshanakhali, binghamne junya inka rajdhani, vitcos (jyala tevha rosaspata mhanatat) aanee jawalchya chukwipalta mandirache thikan punha shodhun kadhale aanee yogyaritya olakhale. tyanantar tyane eka khind olandali aanee pampakonas khonyat pravesh keela, jithe tyala espiritu pampamadhye jangalat mothya pramanat dadalele aanakhi avashesh sapadale, jyala tyane "trombone pampa" asey naav dile. machoo pichchuchya babatit jase hote, tase heey thikan itake mothya pramanat vadhale hote qee binghamla fakt kahee imaratinchi nond karata aalee. 1964 madhye, janukeey saveyane espiritu pampamadhil avasheshancha aanakhi shodh ghetala aanee tyaa jaagechi sampoorn vyapti ughad kelee, jyala vilkabamba viejo asey sambodhale gele, jethe spanish lokanni tyanna vitkosmadhun hakaloon dilyanantar inka paloon gele.
yell vidyapith aanee rashtriy bhaugolik prayojakatvakhali aanee peruvian adhyaksh leguia yanchya purn pathimbyane bingham 1912 madhye machoo pichula paratala. yaa mohimene sthanik kamgaransah chaar mahinyansathi jaaga saaf kelee, jee kuskochya prantachya pathimbyane vegwan karnyat aalee. 1914 aanee 1915 madhye pudhil utkhananasah 1912 madhye utkhanan suru jhaale. binghamne machoo pichchuvar laksh kendrit kele kaaran tyache bareek inka dagadkam aanee changlya prakare sanrakshit nisarg, jeey heey thikan sodoon dilyapasoon abadhit rahile hote. yaa jaageche spashtikaran denanya binghamchya anek gruhitkanpaiki ekahi gruheet dharale gele nahee. abhyasadarmyan tyanni vividh kalakruti yaal yethe parat aanalya. eka pramukh kalakruti mhanje 15 vya shatkatil, bismuth kansyapasoon banavalelya aupcharik incan chakucha sanch; hii mishradhatu asaleli sarvat junie dnyat kalakruti aahe.
sthanik sansthanni suruvatila yaa sanshodhanache swagat kele asale taree tyanni lavkarach binghamwar kayadeshir aanee sanskrutik gairvartanacha aarop keela. hii team kalakruti chorat asoon boliviatun perumadhun tyanchi taskari karat asalyachya afava pasarlya. (kharey tarr, binghamne anek kalakruti kadhoon takalya, parantu ughadpane aanee kayadeshiraritya; tyaa yell vidyapithachya sangrahalayat jamaa kelya gelya. bingham 1852 chya peru nagri sanhiteche palan karat hota; sanhitemadhye asey mhatale hote qee "puratatviy shodh samanyatah shodhkakade hote, teey khajgi jaminivar sapadale hote teey vagalata."(batievsky 100)) sthanik vruttapatranni heey aarop kayam thewale, assa dawa keela qee utkhananamule tyaa jaageche nuksan jhaale aanee sthanik puratatvashastradnyan tyanchya swatachya itihasabaddalche dnyan vanchit thewale. jamindaranni utkhanan yantrankadun bhade magnyas suruvat kelee. bingham aanee tyachya chamoone machoo pichu sodale toparyant sthanikanni machoo pichu aanee tyachya sanskrutik avasheshanchya malakiche rakshan karnyasathi yutee kelee hotee, tarr binghamne dawa keela qee american sansthanmadhil tadnyanni yaa kalakrutincha abhyas keela pahije.
sadhyachi sthitee.
jatan karane.
1981 madhye perune machoo pichchuchya aaspaschya bhagala 'aitihasik abhayaranya' mhanoon ghoshit kele. avasheshanvyatirikt, abhayaranyat shejarchya pradeshacha motha bhag samavisht aahe, joou peruvian yunga aanee madhya andian olya puna paryavaraniy pradeshanchya vanaspati aanee pranyanni samruddha aahe.
1983 madhye, unescone machoo pichchoola jaagtik varsa sthal mhanoon niyukt kele, tyache varnan "vastukalechi eka paripoorn utkrusht krutee aanee inka sanskratichi eka adviteey saksh" asey kele.
machoo pichuche aadhunik shahar.
urubamba nadichya kathavar, bhagnavsheshanchya khalee, railway margachya "rastyachya" bhovati, machoo pichuche shahar aahe, jyala aguas calients (garam zare) asehi mhanatat, jyat tapal karyalay, railway sthanak, anek swast aanee kahee mahag hotels aanee anek paryatkansathi itar seva aahet. puente ruinas (bhagnavsheshansathicha pool) navache heey sthanak, paryatak train 'train dii turismo' sathichya margacha shevat aahe, jee darroj sakali kuskohoon yete aanee darroj dupari parat yete. bhagnavsheshanjaval dongravar eka alishan hottel aahe.
machoo pichchu adhikrutpane united kingadammadhil west yorkshirechya hawarthshee jodala gela aahe.
paryatan upkram.
machoo pichu heey unescoche sanskrutik aanee naisargik jaagtik varsa sthal aahe. 1911 madhye tyacha punha shodh laglyanantar, darvarshi paryatakanchi vadhati sankhya yaa sthalala bhet dett aahe, 2017 madhye 14 lakhanhun adhik paryatakanchi sankhya. peruche sarvadhik bhet dilele paryatak aakarshan aanee eka pramukh mahasool utpadak mhanoon, teey satat aarthik aanee vyavsayik shaktinchya samparkat aahe. 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, peruvian sarkarne kebal qaar aanee eka lakzari hottel bandhanyas parvanagi denyasathi savalati dilya, jyat boutic aanee restaurants paryatan sankul aanee tyaa thikanasathi pool samavisht aahe. peruvian aanee paradeshi shastradnyansah anek lokanni yaa yojananna virodh keela aanee mhatale qee adhik abhyagatanmule avasheshanvar bhautik bhaar padel. 2018 madhye, peruvian lokanna machoo pichchoola bhet denyasathi aanee deshantargat paryatanala chalana denyasathi protsahit karnyasathi kebal qaar punha bandhanyachi yojana punha suru karnyat aalee. yaa kshetrachya varr noow-fly zoan aahe. unesco machoo pichchoola dhokyat aananyacha vichar karat aahe.
1980 chya dashakat, machoo pichchuchya madhyavarti plazamadhun eka motha khadak helicopter landing zoan tayar karnyasathi vegalya thikani halavanyat aala. 1990 chya dashakat sarkarne helicopterchya utarnyavar bandee ghatali. 2006 madhye, helikusko yaa cusco-aadharit companyne machoo pichchumadhun paryatak uddanansathi manjuri magitali. parinami midalela parwana lavkarach radd karnyat aala.
paryatakanchya mrutyucha sambandh unchivaril aajaar, puur aanee padayatretil apghatanshi jodala gela aahe. bhuskhalan, bhookamp aanee nasht hott asalelya sanrachananmule jhalelya dukhapatincha motha dhoka lakshat gheuun yaa thikani paryatakanna parvanagi dilyabaddal unescover teeka jhaali.
2014 madhye machoo pichchumadhye nagna paryatanacha eka cull hota aanee peruchya sanskrutik mantralayane yaa upkramacha nishedh keela. kuskochya pradeshik sanskruti sanchalakanni hii pratha sampavanyasathi palat thewali.
1994 teey 2019 paryant, machoo pichuchya rashtriy puratatva udyanache pramukh fernando estate heey eka peruvian manavvanshashastradnya aanee puratatvashastradnya hote, jyanni yaa sthalache sanwardhan, sanwardhan aanee sanshodhan yavar tees varshanhun adhik kaal kaam kele. udyanache sanchalak mhanoon tyanni kelelya sanshodhanacha parinam mhanoon, abhayaranyachya bandhkam prakriya aanee karyanna vaidnyanik samudayane manyata dilee aanee samanya janatela inka bhupradeshachi adhik changli samaj denyat aalee, jyanni tyaa kshetrabaddalache aadar darshavinyache eka chinh mhanoon, tyaa bhagat adhik shashvat paryatanachi adhikadhik amalbajavani karnyas suruvat kelee.
deena boluarte aanee peruchya kongresviruddhachya peruvian nidarshanandarmyan, nidarshakanni machoo pichchuche vividh marg adavale, december 2022 madhye hajaro paryatak dongral killyat adakale, parinami sarkarla adakalelya abhyagatanna vimanane halvave lagale. abhyagatanchya aanee nidarshananchya aaspaschya guntaguntimule, sanskrutik mantralayane 22 janewari 2023 roji machoo pichchu anishchit kalasathi lokanpasoon bund kele. teey pudhil mahinyat, 15 februwari 2023 roji punha ughadale.
bhoogol.
machoo pichu dakshin golardhat bhoomadhyareshechya dakshines 13.111 anshanvar aahe. heey kuskochya vayvyes, machoo pichu parvatachya shikharavar, samudraspatipasun sumare varr, kuskopeksha qamee unchivar sthit aahe, jyachi unchi kuskochya vayvyes aahe. tyamule, yethe inka rajdhanipeksha saumya hawaman hote. heey dakshin americetil sarvat mahattvachya puratatva sthalanpaiki eka aahe, lattin americetil sarvadhik bhet dilelya paryatan sthalanpaiki eka aahe aanee perumadhye sarvadhik bhet dilelya paryatan sthalanpaiki eka aahe. 
machoo pichchumadhye olya damat unhalyancha aanee koradya gothalelya hivalyacha samavesh asato, jyat bahutek varshik paus march teey octoberparyant padato.
machoo pichu urubamba nadichya dhanushyavar vasalele aahe, jeey tyaa thikanala teen bajunni vedhate, jithe kadya ubhya rahoon tyanchya payathyashi nadivar padatat. yaa bhagat naditoon sakali nighananya dhukyacha samna karava lagato. shaharache sthan heey lashkari gupit hote aanee tyache khol utaar aanee unch donger naisargik sanrakshn puravat hote. pongo dii mainikmadhil urubamba nadivar asalela inka pool, eka inka gavatal dorkhand pool, yane inka sainyala gupt pravesh deela. machoo pichu yaa vruksh-trunk pulachya paschimela aanakhi eka inka pool bandhanyat aala hota, jyaa thikani dongravar eka antar asate jeey mojate.
heey shahar machoo pichu aanee huana pichu yaa done parvatanchya darmyan eka kathivar vasalele aahe, jyachya mage done dyaa aanee jawaljawal durgam donger aahe. tyat zyanmadhun panipurvatha hoto, jeey sahajpane bund karata yet nahee. pikanchi lagwad karnyasathi adhik shetjameen puravanyasathi aanee aakramankartyanna chadhave lagnare utaar unch karnyasathi, tyakade jaananya tekadyanchya kadanna payya bandhalya gelya hotya. terressmule matichi dhoop qamee jhaali aanee bhuskhalanapasun sanrakshn midale. machoo pichchupasoon done unch marg donger olandun kuskokade parat jaatat, eka suryadvaratun aanee dusra inka pulachya palikade. aakramankarte tyanchyajaval gele tarr donhi sahajpane adavale jaau shakatat.
machoo pichu aanee parisaratil itar thikane bhookamp doshanvar bandhali gelee aahet. 2019 chya sanshodhananusar haah yogayog naselah "eka sadhe uttar, sanshodhak aata suchavatat, qee tethech tyaa jagesathi bandhkam sahitya-aadhich tutalelya khadakache mothya pramanat-sahaj upalabdh hote."
sanketsthal.
mandani.
heey thikan sadharanpane shahari kshetra aanee krishi kshetra aanee varchya shahar aanee khalchya shaharat vibhagale gele aahe. mandire varchya shaharat aahet, godame khalchya bhagat aahet.
vastukala parvatanshi julavun ghetali aahe. purv-paschim madhya chaukajaval rund samantar terresvar andaje 200 imarati mandalya aahet. bhupradeshacha fayda ghenyasathi 'kancha' navachi vividh sanyuge lamb aanee arund asatat. atyadhunik vahinya vyavasthene shetat sinchan kele. bhintinmadhye lavalelya dagadi payyanmule sampoorn thikani vegvegalya staranvar pravesh karata aala. shaharacha purvekadil bhag bahudha nivasi hota. chaurasane vibhakt kelela paschim bhag dharmik aanee aupcharik hetunsathi hota. yaa vibhagat 'torron' haah eka vishal manora aahe, joou vedhshala mhanoon vaparla gela asava.
pahilya vibhagat asalele prathamik puratatva khajina aaheth "intihuatana", "suryache mandir" aanee "teen khidkyanchi kholee".
lokpriy jilha kinwa nivasi jilha heey teey thikan aahe jithe nimnavargiy lock rahat asat. tyat sathavan imarati aanee sadhya gharancha samavesh aahe.
rajgharanyacha bhag, haah kuleen vargasathicha eka vibhag, haah utaravaril ranganmadhye sthit gharancha samooh aahe; 'amautan' (dnyani lock) yanche nivassthan tyachya lalsar bhintinni vaishishtyikrut hote aanee 'nustas' (rajkumari) chya kshetramadhye trikoni aakarachya kholya hotya. smarak samadhi hii eka koraleli moorti aahe jyat aateel bhagachi aanee koreev rekhachitre koraleli aahet. tyacha vapar sanskar kinwa yadnyansathi keela jaat asey.
gardhouse hii eka trikoni imarat aahe, jyachi eka lamb bajoo aupcharik dagadachya gachchivar ughadate. inka vastukalechya tri-pakshiy shailila 'virona' shaili mhanoon olakhale jaate.
2005 aanee 2009 madhye, arkansas vidyapithane sampoorn jaageche aanee shejarchya huana pichu parvatachya mathyavaril avasheshanche tapshilvar lesar scan kele. scanchi mahitee sanshodhanachya uddeshane online upalabdh aahe.
swarasyapoorn sthale.
surya kinwa torianche mandir.
heey ardhvartulakar mandir binghamchya "shahee samadhi" varr asalelya tyach khadkavar bandhale gele aahe aanee teey kuskomadhye aadhalanaya suryachya mandirasarkhe aahe aanee pisackmadhye aadhalanaya suryachya mandirasarkhe aahe, jyache varnan binghamne "parabolic enclosure wall" mhanoon kele aahe. dagadkam heey ashler darjache aahe. mandirachya aat 1.2 meater buy 2.7 metercha dagadi munch aahe, joou tyachya nairutya chaturthanshavaril eka lahan munch vagalata varr gulgulit aahe. sarpacha darvaja' 340° kinwa uttarekadil agadi paschimekade tond karoon, 16 talavanchya malikanvar ughadato aanee huyna pichuche drushya dete. mandirala done trikoni khidakya dekhil aahet, eka 65° kadey tond karoon, jyala 'sankrantichi khidaki' mhanatat aanee dusari 132° kadey tond karoon, jyala 'kulka khidaki' mhanatat. khadakachya manchachi vayavya toke 15 vya shatkatil junachya 2 'chya aat ugavatya suryakade sankrantichya khidkikade nirdesh karate. tulanesathi, sooryacha koneey vyas 32 'aahe. 15 vya shatkatil juuna sankrantichya kalat suryastachya velee kulka khidakitoon kulka heey inca nakshatr, bhandar, pahile jaau shakate, mhanunach yaa khidakiche naav padale aahe. tyach velee, pleeds aakashachya viruddha tokavar asatat. yaa ratri yaa khidakitoon lamaknavin, lama, unallamacha, machakue aanee taara pachapakarik chaska (canopus) dekhil disatat.
intihuatana dagad.
intihuatana" dagad haah dakshin americetil anek vidhibaddha dagadanpaiki eka aahe. hiwali sankrantichya kalat thet suryakade nirdesh karnyasathi yaa dagadanchi vyavastha kelee jaate. yaa dagadache naav (kadachit binghamne tayar kelele) kwechua bhashepasun aale aaheh 'inti' mhanje 'surya' aanee 'vaat-' mhanje bandhane, pakadane (varr). pratyay '-naa' heey sadhane kinwa thikanansathi sandnya vyutpann karate. mhanoon 'intihuatana' heey shabdasha 'suryala bandhanyache' eka sadhan kinwa thikan aahe, jeey anekada ingerjit 'suryachi dhaddhadanari chauki' mhanoon vyakt kele jaate. inkancha assa vishvas hota qee dagadane aakashatil tyachya varshik margavar suryala tyachya jaagi thewale aahe. haah dagad 13° 9'48 s varr aahe. 11 november aanee 30 janewari roji duparchya velee, surya khambachya agadi varr sthit asato, jyamule konatihi chhaya padat nahee. 21 juuna roji, dagad tyachya dakshinekadil sarvat lamb savali takto aanee 21 december roji tyachya uttarekadil bajula khoopach lahan savali takto.
ant mech aanee sooryacha shahee sann.
inti mutch 'aii hii eka vishesh guha aahe jee suryachi shahee mejwani sajari karnyasathi vaparali jaate. haah sann 'khapak remi' chya inka mahinyat sajra keela jaat asey. too mahinyachya suruvatila suru jhaala aanee december sankrantila sampato. yaa divashi, guhechya aat ubhe rahoon suryoday pahat asatana, qaan-bhedak vidhidvare udatt mulanna purushatvachi diksha denyat aalee.
sthapatyashastriyadrushtya, machoo pichumadhye inty mache hii sarvat mahattvachi rachana manali jaate. tyachi praveshdvare, bhinti, payya aanee khidakya hya inka samrajyatil kahee utkrusht dagadi bandhkam aahet. yaa guhet eka bogdyasarkhi khidaki dekhil aahe jee inkan sanrachananmadhye adviteey aahe, jee december sankrantichya aaspas anek divasant suryaprakash gumphet pravesh karoo denyasathi bandhali gelee hotee. yaa karanastav, varshacha barachsa kaal hii guha durgam hotee. inty mache heey machoo pichuchya purvekadil bajula, condor stonechya agadi uttarela aahe."yaa bhagachya sabhovatalachya anek lenya pragaitihasikdrushtya kabare mhanoon vaparlya jaat hotya, tarihi mache heey dafanbhoomi asalyacha konatahi purava nahee.
sanskrutik kalakrutimbabatcha vaad.
1912, 1914 aanee 1915 madhye binghamne machoo pichumadhun hajaro kalakruti-syremic bhandi, chandiche putale, dagine aanee manvi hadey kadhoon takalya aanee pudhil abhyasasathi tyanna yell vidyapithat nele, asey manale jaate qee teey 18 mahine hote. perumadhye tyanchi kalji ghenyasathi payabhoot suvidha aanee pranalincha abhav aahe assa yuktivad karat yalene tyaeivaji 2012 paryant kalakruti thevalya. manavvanshashastradnya aanee peruvianche majee adhyaksh alejandro toledo yanchya patni elean carp yanni yelvar peruchya sanskrutik varshatoon napha midvanyacha aarop keela. yalechya peabody sangrahalayat anek vastoo pradarshit karnyat aalya hotya.
2006 madhye, yelane kahee vastoo parat kelya parantu urvarit vastoo rakhoon thevalya, aanee dawa keela qee yala peruvian puratan vastoonchya federal cases kayadyane samarthan dile aahe. 2007 madhye peru aanee yale yanni sanyukt pravas pradarshan aanee yale yanni sallah dilelya kuskomadhye naveen sangrahalay aanee sanshodhan kendra bandhanyavar sahmati darshavali hotee. yalene serve vastunsathi peruchi padvi sweekarli, parantu sanshodhan sankalanat perusobat adhikar samayik kele, jyacha kahee bhag abhyas suru thevanyasathi yale yethe raheel. november 2010 madhye yelane vadgrast kalakruti parat karnyas sahmati darshavali. kalakrutinchi tisari aanee antim khep november 2012 madhye vitarit karnyat aalee. kuskochya vasahatvadi kendrajavalil museo machoo pichu, laa kassa koncha ('daad shale haus') yethe yaa kalakruti kayamswarupi pradarshit kelya jaatat. sann antonio aabad dell kuskochya rashtriy vidyapithachya malkichya laa kassa konchamadhye sthanik aanee paradeshi vidyarthyansathi abhyasache kshetra dekhil aahe.
bandhkam.
madhyavarti imarati niyamit aakarachya koradya dagadi bhintinchya abhijat inka sthapatya shailicha vapar karatat. inka heey yaa tantrat parangat hote, jyala ashler mhanatat, jyamadhye dagadanche thokale mortarshivay ghatt basnyasathi kapale jaatat.
changlya prakare nichara aanee tutalelya dagadacha tayar puravatha paravadava yasathi heey thikan janivpurvak sadosh reshanvar bandhale gele asave. "machoo pichu aaplyala spashtapane dakhavato qee inka sanskruti heey bhagn jhalelya khadakanche samrajya hote".
machoo pichu jyaa dongravar bandhala gela tyaa bhagane vividh aavhane dilee jee inkanni sthanik samagreene sodavali. eka samasya mhanje done sadosh reshanmule bhookampachi kriya. yamule mortar aanee tatsam bandhkam paddhati jawaljawal nirupayogi tharalya. tyaeivaji, inca yanni tyaa thikanchya khanitoon dagadanche utkhanan kele, tyanna ranget ubhe kele aanee tyanna purnapane ekatra basnyasathi aakar deela, jyamule sanrachana sthir jhalya. inkachya bhintinmadhye anek sthir karnari vaishishtye asatatah daare aanee khidakya trikoni asatat, talapasoon varparyant arund hotat; kopare sahasa golakar asatat; aateel kopare bahutekda kholyanmadhye kinchit jhukatat aanee bahereel kopare anekada "ell" aakarachya thokalyanni ekatra bandhale jaatat; bhinti talapasoon varr saral chadhanyaivaji eka oleet kinchit bharoon kadhalya jaatat.
musaldhar pavsamule pavasache paanee vahoon nenyasathi aanee chikhal kosalane, bhuskhalan, dhoop aanee puur talhanyasathi terres aanee dagadi chipschee aavashyakta hotee. paanee shoshun ghenyasathi aanee dongaravarun khalee jaanyapasun rokhanyasathi, payya dagadi chips, valoo, ghaan aanee varchya matine tharbaddha kelya jaat asat. ashach tharanni shaharachya mothya kendrala purapasoon vachavale. sampoorn shaharat anek kalve aanee rakheev kshetranni paanee puravale jeey sinchanasathi aanee dhoop aanee puur talhanyasathi terresvar puravale jaau shakate.
khelanyanmadhye tyancha vapar kelyane tyanna tattva mahit hote heey disun yete, taree inka lokanni chake kadhihi vyavharik paddhatine vaparali naheet. khadkal bhupradesh aanee daat vanaspatisah majboot masuda asalelya pranyanchya abhavamule abhiyantrikimadhye chakancha vapar maryadit rahila asava. prachand dagad halavanyacha aanee thevanyacha marg anishchit aahe, kadachit dagadanna chadhavavar dhakalanyasathi shekado purushancha samavesh aahe. kahee dagadanmadhye gathee asatat jyaa tyancha vapar tyaa sthiteet aananyasathi karata aalya asatya; gathee samanyatah valoone door kelya jaat asat, kahikade durlaksh kele jaat asey.
raste, pravesh aanee vahtook.
inka raste vyavasthemadhye machoo pichu pradeshakade jaanara marg samavisht hota. machoo pichchuche lock lamb pallyachya vyaparashi jodalele hote, jeey tyaa thikani sapadalelya bigger-sthanik kalakrutinmadhun disun yete. udaharanarth, binghamla praveshdvaravar aparivartit obsidian gathee sapadalya. 1970 chya dashakat, berger aanee asaro yanni heey nirdharit kele qee heey obsidian namune 'titikaka' kinwa 'chivay obsidian' strotatoon hote aanee machoo pichuchya namunyanmadhye purv-hyspanic perumadhye yaa obsidian prakarachi lamb pallyachi vahtook darshavili gelee.
machoo pichchoola bhet denyasathi darvarshi hajaro paryatak inka margavaril rastyane jaatat. urubamba khoyatil olantaytambo shaharajavalil 82 kilometer (kinwa 77 kinwa 85, chaar kinwa paach divasancha pravas) kinwa 104 kilometer (eka kinwa done divasancha pravas) pasoon eka, done, chaar kinwa paach divasancha payee pravas suru karnyapurvi teey cusco yethe ekatra yetat, andismadhun eka vegalya shaharakade jaatat.
machoo pichuchya sarvat jawalcha pravesh bindu mhanje machupichu gaav, jyala aguas calients asehi mhanatat.
pravesh nirbandh.
julai 2011 madhye, diarician regional dii kalchura cusco (dii. aar. see.) neey machoo pichuchya killyasathi naveen pravesh niyam sadar kele. praveshasathichya kathor niyamanmule paryatanache parinam qamee karnyacha prayatna jhaala. pravesh darroj 2,500 paryatakanparyant maryadit hota aanee huana pichu (killyachya aat) pravesh darroj 400 paryatakanparyant maryadit hota. 2018 madhye praveshavar atirikt nirbandh ghalanyat aale. vahatukicha pravah vadhavanyasathi aanee paryatanamule honanya jaagecha hasad qamee karnyasathi, teen pravesh tappyanchi amalbajavani kelee jaeel, jeey purvichya done tappyanvarun vadhavanyat aale hote.
meey 2012 madhye, unescochya sanwardhan tadnyanchya chamoone peruvian adhikanyanna yaa jaageche buffer zoan aanakhi sthir karnyasathi aanee visheshtah jawalchya aguas calients shaharat, jeey vegane vadhale hote, nukasanapasun sanrakshn karnyasathi "aapatkalin upayayojana" karnyache aavahan kele.
janewari 2010 madhye nirvasana.
janewari 2010 madhye, musaldhar pavsamule aalelya puramule machoo pichchukade jaanare raste aanee railway vahoon gele kinwa purache paanee vahoon gele, jyamule 2,000 hoon adhik sthanik aanee 2,000 hoon adhik paryatak adakale, jyanna nantar vimanane yaa bhagatoon baher kadhanyat aale. machoo pichchu tatpurata bund karnyat aala aanee 1 april 2010 roji punha ughadanyat aala.
2023 madhye bund.
janewari 2023 madhye, peruvian ashantatemule vahtook viskalit jhalyamule shekado paryatak adakoon padalyamule heey thikan anishchit kalasathi bund karnyat aale hote. pudhchya mahinyat, februvarimadhye teey punha ughadale gele.
prasarmadhyamandhye.
chitrapat.
charleston heston aanee yama sumac yanchyasamvet 'secret auph daad incas' (1954) haah sarvoch chitrapat cusco aanee machoo pichu yetheel thikani chitrit karnyat aala, prathamach ekhadya mothya hollywood studione tyaa thikani chitrikaran kele. yaa chitrapatat atirikt mhanoon pachshe sthanik lokanchi nemanook karnyat aalee hotee.
aguire, daad rath auph godd' (1972) yaa chitrapatacha suruvaticha bhag machoo pichu parisarat aanee huana pichuchya dagadi payyanvarr chitrit karnyat aala hota.
marksvadi krantikari chey gwera yanchya 1952chya yuva pravasachya aatmacharitravar aadharit 'daad motorcycle diaries' (2004) yaa chitrapatat machoo pichchu pramukhpane chitrit karnyat aala hota.
nova' durchitravani mahitipat 'ghosts auph machoo pichu' haah machoo pichuchya rahasyanvar eka vistrut mahitipat sadar karato.
bahumadhyam kalakar kimasoojane 2010 madhye chitrit kelelya tichya chitrapat malikechya 'thread roots' chya pahilya bhagamadhye machoo pichchukade chitrit kelelya footagecha vapar keela.
tyanchya 7vya pradarshanat, "(2023) autobots machoo pichu aanee kuskochya adhik prasiddha sthalanvar aanale.
sangeet.
bharatiy tamil chitrapat 'enthiran' (2010) madheel 'kilimanjaro' heey gaane machoo pichchumadhye chitrit karnyat aale hote. bharat sarkarchya thet hastakshepanantarach chitrikaranasathi manjuri denyat aalee.
bahya duve.
pratima