tii. dii.-2

tii. dii.-2 hii eka microwave rile pranali hotee jee bail labdware vikasit kelee gelee hotee aanee telephone aanee television prasaranasathi repeaterche cross-country network tayar karnyasathi aii. tii. andd. tii. dware vaparali jaat hotee. bail canadadware canadian trans-canada skyway pranali tayar karnyasathi dekhil yach pranalicha vapar keela gela aanee nantar, anek deshanmadhil itar anek kampanya nagri aanee lashkari dalanvalanasathi samaan jaale tayar karnyasathi.
hii pranali prayogik tdx suru jhaali, jee november 1947 madhye purn jhaali, boston aanee newyork shaharadarmyan durchitravani aanee durdhvani gheuun gelee. tii. dii.-2 hii tii. dii. ex. varr eka kirkol sudharana hotee, jee 1947 madhye samanya vahak vaparasathi bajula thevalelya 3.7 teey 4.2 jee. etch. zed. pattyakade valali. yaa pranalimadhye sahaa vahinya hotya aanee varanvarta-vibhagani bahugunan vaparoon, pratyek 480 durdhvani coll kinwa durchitravani signal vahoon neuu shakat hote. newyork aanee shikago yanchyatil pahila tii. dii.-2 duva 1 september 1950 roji ughadala gela, tyanantar 1 september roji losses angelis-sann francisco duva ughadala gela. donhi kinare 1951 madhye jodale gele.
1953 madhye upkarananchya sudharananmule kshamata vadhoon prati vahini 600 coll jhaali. thruputmadhye aanakhi sudharana karnyachya drushtine, bail labney tha pranali suru kelee, jee sumare 6 gigahertzchya uchch pattyamadhye karyarat hotee. tyane prati band done vahinyanna parvanagi parvanagi sanketanmadhye dhruvikaran dekhil jodale. yamule pratyek vahinivar 1,200 coll karanyachi parvanagi midali, parantu dhruvikaran tikavoon thevanyasathi horn antenacha vapar karane aavashyak hote. lakshaniy sanshodhananantar, belane eka antena vikasit keela joou teady-2 aanee th donhisathi kaam karat hota, parantu yaa sudharananmule teady-2 laa dekhil madat jhaali aanee tyachi kshamata punha 900 collsparyant vadhavali, jyamule tiechchya vyapak rolloutla vilamb jhaala joou keval sarvat vyast duvyanmadhye jodala gela.
bail canadane ashich tii. dii.-2 pranali, skyway, tayar karnyas suruvat kelee, jee 1958 madhye sevet aalee. canadachya railway kampanyanni nantar tii. etch. vaparoon dusra marg tayar keela. 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, uttar americetil jawaljawal serve loksankhya tii. dii.-2 aanee tii. tii. chaa vapar karoon jodali gelee. 1970 aanee 80 chya dashakat durchitravani sanket upgrah vitaranakade valale aanee tevhapasoon heey jaale mukhytah durdhvanisathi vaparale jaat hote. 1980 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee visheshtah 1990 chya dashakat, fiber optic reshanchya sthapanene microwave networkchi jaaga ghetali. yaa pranaliche kahee bhag aajahi vaparat aahet, parantu bahutansh thikane sodoon denyat aalee aahet.
itihas.
uchch varanvarta prayog.
redio durdhvani pranalincha prayog 1915 salapasoon keela gela hota, jyaa varshi aii. tii. andd tii. neey audian vacuum tubever lii dii forrestchi paytant vikat ghetali. arlington, virginia, havai aanee parris yanchyat prayog karnyat aale. pahilya mahayuddhamule vyatyay aalyanantar, asey prayog punha suru jhaale aanee 1927 madhye newyork shahar aanee london yanchyat kayamswarupi duva nirman jhaala. hii pranali 60 kilohertzwar karyarat hotee, qamee varanvartechya redio laharinchya vartanacha vapar karoon pruthvichya vakrateche anusaran karoon kshitijavar kamgiri pradan karnyasathi.
tyach sumaras, emm. etch. zed. frequency radios pahile prayog yaa uchch frequenciver lamb pallyachya redio prasarasathi ionospheric scatter vaparanyachi kshamata darshavit hote. newyork aanee london yanchyatil eka naveen duva 1928 madhye suru jhaala aanee jagbharatil itar vaparkartyanni tyache twarit anusaran kele. yaa pranalichi mukhya samasya ashee aahe qee vikhuranyacha arth signalchya antim shrenicha andaj lavane shakya navhate, jyamule konatihi done sthanke samaan frequency vaparu shaktil aanee hastakshepapasun surakshit rahtil yachee khatri karane katheen jhaale. hastakshep talhanyasathi tasech bandwidth vadhavanyachya prayatnat sanshodhan satat uchch varanvartekade jaat rahile.
boston aanee cape codd yanchyatil ekeri resha duva 1934 madhye 60 megahertzwar sthapit karnyat aala, joou tyaa velee tulanene naan vaparlelya spectrumkade valala. 1941 madhye chesapik khadichya praveshdvaravar 150 megahertzwar karyarat asaleli eka adhik pragat pranali ubharanyat aalee. yaa pranalimadhye pureshi bandwidth hotee jyamule lamb pallyachya colling taranvar vaparlya jaanarya samaan multiplexing pranalicha vapar karoon ekach jodanivar 12 durdhvani coll pathavata yeu shakatat.
heey aadhich spasht hote qee jee. etch. zed. shrenikade jaanyane adhik bandwidth milel aanee ekach duvyavar shekado coll karata yeteel. ashee pranali kashee disel yachee chitre darshavinyasathi, lamb horn antena vaparoon kelele chitran, ghanta itaki pudhe gelee. darmyan mahayuddhachya prarambhane heey prayog sampushtat aale.
pratham microwave pranali.
cavity magnetroncha vikas aanee sambandhit waveguide, chrystal detector aanee microwave switchess cliestronchya shaktitil sudharana, radar vikasacha eka bhag mhanoon radiotelphony microwave pradeshat halavanyasathi aavashyak asaleli serve upkarane pradan karatat. yuu. keey. madhye, yaa tantradnyanacha vapar jagatil pahili microwave rile telephone pranali tayar karnyasathi keela gelah wireless sanch kramank. 10 (ws.10), jyane aath durdhvani coll ekach microwave linkmadhye multiplex kele jeey drushtireshechya maryadeparyant vaparale jaau shakate. yacha vapar darmyan mahayuddhachya normandy landing darmyan keela gelah forward unitsshee sanvad sadhanyasathi maidanat aanee ingraji vahinichya donhi bajunna yukemadhil mukhyalayala parat duva denyasathi.
newyork aanee nyu jarsichya nationic darmyanchya reshevar 3,6.6 aanee 9.5 gigahertzwar kaam vichar pranalincha prayog karat, yuddhadarmyan belane durdhvanisaha kahee nirantar kaam chaloo thewale. 0. 7 aanee 24 gigahertzwar lahan duvyachi dekhil chachani ghenyat aalee. april 1944 madhye, companyne aantarnagar durdhvani pranali tayar karnyasathi heey tantradnyan vaparnyachya tyanchya yojana jaheer kelya. decembermadhye, yuddh spashtapane sampanar asalyane aanee nagri kamakade paratane jawal yet asalyane eka naveen vishesh prakalp gut sthapan karnyat aala. yamule gorden thayarchya margdarshanakhali sanshodhan vibhagat microwave rile gut sthapan karnyat aala.
13 march 1944 roji, aii. tii. andd. tii. neey jaheer kele qee teey durdhvani aanee durchitravani sanket vahoon nenyasathi samakshiy kebal basavatil aanee nantar 1950 madhye tee vadhavun 1950 paryant vadhavali. tathapi, abhiyantriki abhyasanni dakhavun dile qee tyach jaalyasathi microwave rile sthapit karnyasathi qamee kharch yeil, jaree chaloo parichalan kharchabaddal kahee prashna hote. companychya bhandwal ubharanyachya kshamatebaddal chinta vyakt kelee asata, microwave pranalikade adhik aakarshak paryay mhanoon pahile gele. yaa kalat suru asalelya prayoganni dakhavun dile qee pavasacha hastakshep 10 gigahartzpeksha jaast hota, tarr 1 gigahartzpeksha qamee operation katheen hote kaaran aavashyak antenache aakar vyavharik honyasathi khoop mothe hote.
yaa prakalpasathi eka samasya ashee hotee qee yuddhanantar redio spectramsathi mothya yojana asalele fakt aii. tii. andd. tii. heey ekmev navhate; yuddhadarmyan durchitravani nirmiti radd karnyat aalee aanee tyaa kampanya yuddhanantar mothya kharedichi apeksha karat hotya. prarambhik chachanidarmyan, yuu. etch. eff. sanket kadhikadhi khoop lamb pallyanvar shodhale jaatat jeey siddhantane ashakya asalyache suchavale hote. yamule tropospheric scattercha shodh lagla, jee bhavishyat aanakhi eka mahattvachi lamb pallyachi durdhvani pranali banel. yamule 1948 madhye 'durdarshan gothavale' gele, kaaran eff. see. see. neey samasya samajoon ghenyacha aanee tyavar upay shodhanyacha prayatna keela. yacha arth jawaljawal nehmich frequencyche punarvitaran assa hoto, tyamule tyanna konati frequency vaparta yeil heey jaanun ghenyasathi teey vaat pahat asatana tyanchya rile prayatnanmadhye aii. tii. andd. tii. dekhil gothavanyat aale hote.
tdx.
teey eff. see. see. chya prayatnanchya parinamachi vaat pahat asatana, belane vyavsayik pranali asel asey tyanna vatat asalelya goshticha namuna mhanoon eka prayogik pranali sthapit karnyacha nirnay ghetala. newyork aanee boston darmyanchi tdx line mhanoon hii bandhanyat aalee hotee. eff. see. see. neey meey 1945 madhye tyanna 3.9 aanee 4.4 gigahertz darmyan vatap dile. pranalimadhye vatpachya antaravarun pratyeki 10 megahertzchya chaar vahinya hotya aanee varanvarta modulation vapar karoon vahinyanmadhye sanket encode kele gele. jaalyane duvyajaval saat repeater vaparale.
hii pranali november 1947 madhye purn jhaali aanee prayogik durchitravani prasaran 13 tarkhela suru jhaale. sanket bostanpasoon newyorkla aanee nantar washington, dii. laa prasarit kele gele.see. vidyaman coex linkvar. meey 1948 paryant hii link vaparnyasathi vinamulya hotee, tyaa velee tee vyavsayik seva mhanoon dilee jaat hotee. tdx duva 1958 paryant astitvat hota.
tii. dii.-2.
durdarshanche kshetra vikat ghetale jaat asatana, naveen durchitravani vahinyansathi vidyaman vhee. etch. eff. vatap sodoon denyasathi aii. tii. andd. tii. varr vadhatya dabawala samore jaave lagale. eff. see. see. neey tyanna durdhvanisathi vaparnyasathi naveen varanvarta ughadali tarach heey shakya hoil. 1946 chya suruvatipasunach eff. see. see. laa jee. etch. zed. shrenitil sambhavya gardichi aadhich chinta hotee aanee tyachya aupcharik vatpachahi vichar karnyas suruvat jhaali. 1947 madhye, spectrumche vatap karnyasathi aantarrashtriy dursanchar sanghatanechi baithak bolavali gelee, jyala 1948 chya unhalyat eff. see. see. neey manyata dilee. yamule samanya vahak vaparasathi teen band bajula thewale gele, 3.7 teey 4.2, 4.2 teey 6.425 aanee 10.7 teey 11.7 gigahertz.
tyamule tdx ajunahi keval breadboard model honyachya tappyavar asatana, naveen aanee thodya qamee frequenciver utpadan pranalisah pudhe jaanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. aktoobar 1946 madhye, newyork teey shikago haah marg rashtravyapi jaalyasathi aadhar mhanoon nivadanyat aala. niyojan chamoone done yojananchi ruparesha aakhali, eka juuna 1949 madhye purn hoil aanee dusari juuna 1950 madhye, mukhytah vegali mhanje tii. dii. 1 mhanoon olakhali jaanari pahili, vidyaman tii. dii. ex. upkarane vaparel tarr nantarchi, tii. dii.-2, charaivaji sahaa vahinyansah sudharit upkarane aanee naveen receiver vaparel jyamule sthankanmadhil adhik antar shakya hoil.
aii. tii. andd. tii. neey janewari 1947 madhye eff. see. see. kadey duva tayar karnyasathi arj dakhal keela.
vyavasthapanane magani kelee qee tyanni adhik pragat tii. dii.-2 pranali vaparavi parantu 1949 chya mool tarkhechi purtata karavi, kaaran durchitravani kendre naveen duvyansathi aardaorda karat hotee. abhiyantrikine heey dhyey sweekarle aanee serve kahee theek jhaale tarr teey purn kele jaau shakate asey sangitale. 1947 chya akheris redio, antena aanee veej prakalpachi rachana vikasit karane aanee 1948 chya suruvatiparyant itar serve vidyut prakalp vikasit karane hii tyanchi prarambhik yojana hotee. western electric utpadan marg tayar karel jenekarun 1948 chya uttaradhat vitaran suru houu shakel aanee sahaa mahinyant purn houu shakel. darmyan, aii. tii. andd tii. chya lamb ranga punaravrutti sthalanche sarvekshan aanee kharedi kartil aanee sambandhit imarati aanee manore bandhatil.
vyavasthapan suruvatila durchitravani sanketanshi sambandhit hote, parantu jasjasa kaal jaat gela tasatase durdhvani sanketanche mahatva vadhat gele. yamule upkarane akherisparyant seva vilambit karnyacha nirnay ghenyat aala, jyamule multiplexer pranali sthapit karata aalya jyamule pratyek vahinivar 480 coll karata yeteel. tyach velee, losses angelis aanee sann francisco darmyan darmyan reshechi yojana aakhanyat aalee. shikago margavaril upkarane upkarane vasant rutuparyant basavanyat aalee hotee. yaa suruvatichya pranali unch konkreetchya konkreetchya bandhalya gelya hotya jyamule redio upkarane upkarane basavata aalee jenekarun tee antenachya shakya titkya jawal thevata yeteel aanee tyamule pareshan marganmadhil nuksan talhata yeil.
chachanyanna junmadhye suruvat jhaali, suruvatila tyanna farse yash midale nahee aanee julaiparyant aavajachya samasya pranalila tras dett rahilya. augustparyant shevati paristhiti sudharat hotee, tyaveli eka prayogane newyorkhoon shikagola, newyorkla aanee nantar punha shikagola sanket pathavala. sankramanachi ekoon lambi newyork teey sann francisco itakich hotee aanee ausiloskopavar dekhil sanketacha sanketacha 'kvachitach drishyaman' hota.
newyork-shikago marg 1 september 1950 roji sevesathi khula karnyat aala aanee losses angelis-sann francisco duva 15 september roji khula karnyat aala. harry ess. chya prasaranasathi donhi vibhag velevar jodale gele hote. 4 september 1951 roji sann franciscochya tahamadhye trumanche deshbharatil udghatan bhashan.
satat vikas.
pudhil varshanmadhye, aii. tii. andd. tii. aanee bail labb yanni pranali sudharanyasathi satatyane kaam kele. sarvat mahattvachya sudharananpaiki eka mhanje nalikanchya aayushyavaril sudharana. mukhya chintecha vishay hota, 416aii haah mukhya transmitter, joou 1952 paryant sumare 2000 tasanvarun vadhavun sumare 6000 tasanvar aala hota aanee 1967 paryant 20,000 tasanvar aala. tyachpramane, madhyavarti varanvartemadhye vaparlya jaanarya jaanarya samasyanche nirakaran yashasviritya karnyat aale, jyamule tyache upayukt ayushya 100 tasanpasoon 10,000 paryant vadhale. aanakhi eka mahattvachi sudharana mhanje jalad switching pranali hotee jyamule konatyahi vahineela signal naan sodata stand-buy vahinivar switch karata aale. eka vahini samanyatah yaa uddeshasathi khulee thewali jaat asey, tarr itar paach sakriyapane vaparali jaat hotee.
tii. dii.-2 pranalichi aanakhi eka mahattvachi samasya mhanje upalabdh bandwidthpacky keval ardhich vaparali jaau shakat hotee, kaaran tyaa kalatil microwave frequency filter visheshtah arund navhate mhanoon vahinyanna lakshaniy antar dyave lagat hote. yamule antena jyaa konatoon nirdeshit karata yeteel teey dekhil maryadit jhaale; 60 anshanpeksha jawalche konatehi done sanket hastakshep karoo lagtil. 1951 madhye, ferrite korcha vapar karoon slot filterchya vikasane hii samasya sodavali aanee vahinyanchi sankhya jawaljawal duppat houu deil aanee antena 9 anshanchya aat nirdeshit houu deil.
tii.
1955 madhye, ghanta prayogshalanni tha yaa navane olakhalya olakhalya naveen rile pranalivar kaam suru kele hote, jee 6 gigahertz bandmadhye karyarat hotee. thche eka mahattvache vaishishtya mhanje tyane signal vegale karnyasathi dhruvikaranacha vapar keela, jyamule vahinya varanvartemadhye ekmekanchya agadi jawal kaam karoo shakalya aanee tyadvare bandwidthcha adhik changla vapar karata aala. vistrut band aanee naveen encodings, tha prati vahini 1,200 coll vahoon neuu shakato aanee vahinyanchi sankhya duppat asoo shakate.
siddhantatah, teey vegvegalya pattyanvar karyarat asalyamule, sthanakachi kshamata vadhavanyasathi vidyaman tii. dii.-2 sthalanmadhye tii. etch. pranali jodalya jaau shakatat. durdaivane, tii. dii.-2 antena dhruvikrut sanketansah vaparale jaau shakale naheet aanee dhruvikaran jatan vichar horn antena vaparanyachi yojana aakhali. tyamule tii. dii.-2 dekhil shingachya rachnekade jaau shakate qee nahee aanee ekach shing donhi frequenciver kaam karoo shakate qaa yacha vichar keela gela. heey karnyasathi, waveguide haah jyaa binduvar signal tapp keela jaeel tyaa binduparyant golakar asava lagel aanee lahan 6 gigahertzvya signalchya ulat 3.7 gigahertz teady-2 vahoon nenyaitka motha asava lagel. yaa prashnache uttar denyasathi vyapak sanshodhan aanee chachani aavashyak hotee, parantu akheris, eka yogya antena rachana tayar karnyat aalee.
1955 nantar tii. dii.-2 sthanke naveen horn designcha vapar karat hotee. tyach velee, yamule dhruvikrut signal vaparnyasathi vidyaman tii. dii.-2 sthanke adyayavat karata aalee aanee naveen multiplexer designs udayas aalya, jyamule pratyek vahinivar 600 coll karata aale. yamule mool duvyanchi kshamata duppat jhaali. asha prakare, sadhyachya tii. dii.-2 sthalanvar tii. tii. neey taba midvu shakato qee nahee yacha vichar vichar rachana prayatnanmule sadhyachya tii. dii.-2 pranalinchya kshamatet sudharana jhalyamule tii. tii. chya vyapak vaparas vilamb jhaala. 1961 paryant hii suruvat jhaali navhati aanee 1960 chya dashakachya madhyaparyant bahutansh jaale ajunahi tii. dii.-2 vaparat hote.
april 1962 madhye, tii. dii.-2 pranalila tii. dii. 3 mhanoon punha abhiyantriki karnyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. hii eka ghan avastha pranali hotee jyamadhye microwave transmitter hii ekmev shillak asaleli nalee hotee, jee cliestronpasoon qamee dhvanichya pravas-lahari nalikade gelee. scotkey barrier diode aanee tunnel diodechya vaparamule, durdhvani vahinyanchi sankhya punha ekada 1200 paryant vadhavta aalyane, receivermadhye khoop qamee aavaj hota. yaa pataliparyant pohochanyasathi, bhautik prakalp aanee antenamadhyehi sudharana karane aavashyak hote. keval yaa badalancha fayda ghetalyane tii. tii. tayar jhaale, jeey 900 durdhvani vahinya vahoon neuu shakat hote, jeey tii. dii. 3 yenyachi vaat pahat asatana vegane tainat kele jaau shakat hote.
1968 paryant, yuu. ess. madheel serve lamb pallyachya vahatukichya 40 takke.ess. tii. dii.-2 dware vahili jaat hotee. deshatil aantar-shahar durchitravani signalpaiki 95 takke dekhil tee vahate.
bund.
1970 madheel done ghatananmule aii. tii. andd. tii. chaa microwave vistar sampala aanee shevati tyacha ant jhaala.
pahile bhusthir dalanvalan upgrah 1960 chya dashakat prakshepit karnyat aale hote, parantu 1970 chya dashkaparyant vyapak vyavsayik seva suru jhaali navhati. upgrahanni durchitravani sanketanche vitaran patkan haatee ghetale kaaran heey samanyatah ekach transmitter sitewar, networkchya mukhya studiomadhye suru jhaale aanee sthanik durchitravani kendranvar anek receiversona prasarit kele gele. sthanik sthankanvar ekach upgrahadvare aanee tulanene swast praptakartyandvare heey sahajpane sadhya kele jaau shakate. durdarshan microwave pranalitoon baher padalyane, mukt vahinya durdhvanisathi kinwa 1970 chya dashakachya suruvatila samarpit deta linesathi udayonmukh bajarpeth mhanoon vaparnyasathi badalanyat aalya.
1970 chya dashakat durdhvanisathi tyacha vapar badalanyache kamahi suru hote. corning glassmadhye, robbert morrorchya netrutvakhalil chamoone optical fiber tayar karanyachi eka naveen paddhat vikasit kelee, jee mageel designschya tulanet khoop uchch darjachi aanee qamee nukasankarak hotee. jawaljawal tyach velee, bail labmadhye kholichya tapmanatil pahila ardhchalak lesar vikasit karnyat aala. heey atishay uchch vegane chaloo aanee bund kele jaau shakate, jyamule teey fibermadhye puls-code modulation (pii. see. emm.) signal tayar karoo shakate. 1976 madhye, aii. tii. andd. tii. neey aapali pahili prayogik tantumay pranali sthapit kelee, jee atalantachya rastyankhali chalavali gelee aanee jagbharat ashach prakarche anek prakalp udayas aale.
1976 madhye, aine. tii. tii. chya masaru horiguchine eka naveen optical fiber sadar kele jeey 1.3 micrometervar prakashikaritya spasht hote. tyach varshi, jeey. linken prayogshalechya jiim seeh yanni yaa varanvartevar karyarat asalele solid-steet lesar sadar kele. 1979 madhye, aii. tii. andd. tii. neey 1980 chya hiwali olympicche durchitravani sanket vahoon nenyasathi newyorkmadheel lake palicid yethe yaa tantradnyanacha vapar karoon eka jaale tayar kele. 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant, lamb pallyachya tantunmule itar serve tantradnyanachi jaaga vegane ghetali jaat hotee.
aii. tii. andd. tii. neey yaa kalat durdhvani sevesathi microwave networkcha vapar suru thewala, parantu sprintchya 1980 chya dashkatil serve-tantumay, serve-digital networkmule companyla microwave pranali adyayavat karnyaivaji naveen tantumay pranalicha vapar karoon digitalkade jaanyas bhag padale. 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, bahutek microwave network bund jhaale hote. 1999 madhye, aii. tii. andd tii. neey konatyahi kharedidarala manore vikale. bahutek manore kharedi naan kelele hote aanee aata teey raddabatal jhaale aahet.
punarjanm.
purviche tii. dii.-2 manore thodya sankhyene truteey pakshachya malkikhali vaparnyasathi parat aanale gele aahet. mool newyork teey shikago duva yapaiki eka aahe. tyanchya punha vaparasathi done karane aahet, donhi shevat teey shevat veleshi sambandhit aahet. pahili gosht mhanje, sanket havepeksha tantumay padarthanmadhye kahise haloo, 299,700 kiimii/sekand aivaji sumare 200,000 kiimii/sekandane pravas karatat. fiber jaale samanyatah microwave pranalichya tulanene saral bindu-teey-bindu jodaniaivaji railway aanee bogdyansarkhya vidyaman payabhoot suvidhanche anusaran karate heey adhik mahattvache aahe. donhi sthankandarmyan packett pathavale jaat naheet, teey fakt pudhe pathavale jaatat, jyamule kamgiri aanakhi sudharate.
newyork-shikago linkchya babatit, truteey-pakshachya mojamapanni 2011 chya sumaras ekoon vilambata sarasari 2.5 milisekandanni qamee jhalyache darshavile. heey pahilya naveen microwave linkchya udghatanashi sambandhit hote, jeey swatahsathi paise bharnyasathi uchch-varanvarta vyaparasathi pureshi sudharana hote. 2013 paryant, donhi shaharanmadhye asha 15 jodanya karyarat hotya aanee london aanee frankfurt aanee itar thikanandarmyan ashach prakarche jaale suru karnyat aale aahe. jaree heey mool upkarane vaparat nasale, aanee samanyatah antena dekhil vaparat nasale taree, manore naveen upkaranansah vaparnyasathi purnapane basalele aahet.

