
uposatha

bauddha dharmacha divas haah bauddha dharmacha eka divas aahe, joou buddhanchya kalapasoon (ii. sha. puu. 600) astitvat aahe aanee aajahi bauddha dharm palanadhyandware palala jaato. buddhane shikavale qee, uposathacha divas haah 'ashuddha manachya shuddhisathi' asato, parinami aantarik shantata aanee anand midato. yaa divashi, sanghache samanya aanee niyukt sadasya doghehi tyanchi pratha tivra karatat, tyanche dnyan adhik drudh karatat aanee samanya-mathatil parasparsanvadachya hajaro varshanchya junya krutyandvare jaatiy bandhilaki vyakt karatat. yaa divashi, samanya anuyayi paach aadnya kinwa (parampara suchavalyapramane) daha aadnya palanyasathi janivpurvak prayatna karatat. haah buddhanchya shikavanincha aanee dhyanacha sarav karnyacha divas aahe.
palanyache divas.
sanskruti aanee kalavadhinusar, pratyek chandramasache done teey sahaa divas uposatha divas palale jaatat.
thervad desh.
sadharanpane, terwada deshanmadhye chaar chandra tappyannusar aathvadyatun ekada uposatha sajari kelee jaateh amavasya, paurnimecha chandra aanee darmyanche done chaturthansh chandra. shrilankesarkhya kahee samudayanmadhye, keval amavasya aanee paurnimeche divas uposatha divas mhanoon palale jaatat.
bermi bauddha dharmat, pudhil divashi adhik pavitra bauddha lock uposatha (jyala mhanatat) palatatah chandra (), purn chandra (), ksheen hott asalela chandra () aanee amavasya (). paurnimecha divas aanee amavasya heey palanyache sarvat samanya divas aahet. vasahatvadpurv barmamadhye, uposatha hii eka kayadeshir sutty hotee jee pramukhyane shahari bhagat palali jaat asey, jithe vyavsayik vyavharansarkhya dharmnirpeksh kriyakalapanna sthagiti midali. tathapi, vasahatvadi rajvatipasun, ravivar haah vishranticha kayadeshir divas mhanoon uposathachi jaaga ghetala aahe. serve pramukh bermi bauddha suttya uposathas, mhanje vasachi suruvat (vasochya paurnimepasun, julaichya sumaras, octoberchya sumaras, thadingyutchya paurnimeparyant), hya divashi yetat. yaa kalat, urvarit varshapeksha bauddha lock samanyatah uposatha palatat. uposathachya kalat, pratyek mathatil bauddha bhikshu ekatra yetat aanee vinayache sankshipt sankalan asalelya patimokhache pathan karatat.
mahayan desh.
chiinii dindarshika vaparnanya mahayan deshanmadhye, pratyek chandramasachya pahilya, aathvya, 14vya, 15vya, 18vya, 23vya, 24vya aanee shevatchya teen divashi, mahinyatoon daha vela uposatha divas palale jaatat. vaikalpikaritya, pratyek chandramasachya 8,14,15,23 aanee shevatchya done divashi, mahinyatoon fakt sahaa velach ekhada vyakti uposathache divas paloo shakato. japanmadhye heey sahaa divas 'daad' mhanoon olakhale jaatat.
paurnimechya uposatha divasanchi nave.
uposatha divasanchi paali nave 'nakshatr' (palih 'nakkatta'), nakshatr kinwa chandra haveli jyadvare chandra chandrachya mahinyat jaato, tyanchya sanskrut navanvar aadharit aahet.
itihas.
uposatha haah shabd muluposatha sutt (3.7) pasoon aala aahe, jyamadhye eka samanya stree vishakha, dhanyakade jaate aanee mhanate qee tee uposathacha divas palat aahe. buddh uttar deto qee vividh uposathache divas aahet, nantar teela uposathachi yogya aavrutti sanganyas pudhe jaato. udatt shishyancha uposatha.
sarav qaraa.
sarav qaraa.
pratyek uposathachya divashi, bhakt upasacha aanee upasacha aath aadnya palatat, kadachit samanya lokanni uposathachya divashi arahatanche anukaran karave yaa buddhachya shikavanicha pratidhvani karatat. aathpaiki pahile paach niyam paach aadnyansarkhech aahet, mhanje, sajivanchi hatya karane, choree karane, chukiche bolane aanee madak pey kinwa ammali padarthanpasun door rahane, parantu tisra niyam mhanje laingik aparadhanpasun door rahnyaivaji serve laingik kriyakalapanpasun door rahane. aath aadnya navshikya bhikshunni palalelya daha aadnyanpramanech aahet, apavad mhanje navshikyansathi satve aanee aathve upadesh ekatra kele jaatat, navve navshikya upadesh aathve hotat aanee dahave navshikya upadesh (sone aanee chandicha sweekar naan karane, paishacha vapar) samanya vyaktisathi avyavharya mhanoon vagalale jaatat. asha prakare, shevatchya teen aadnya aahet, chukichya velee khane talhane (duparnantar); nrutya, gayan, sangeet, karyakram pahane yasarkhya karamanukipasun door rahane, tasech haar, attar, saundaryaprasadhane aanee vaiyaktik sajavat ghalane talhane; aanee alishan aasan aanee khaata talhane.
bauddha mandirajaval rahana samanya sadhkansathi, 'uposatha' hii tyanna bhet denyachi, arpan karanyachi, bhikshunchi pravachane aikanyachi aanee dhyan satranmadhye sahbhagi honyachi sandhee aahe. sthanik mathachya karyakramanmadhye sahbhagi houu naan shakananya samanya abhyaskansathi, 'uposatha' hii aekhadyache swatache dhyan aanee dhamm abhyas tivra karanyachi vel aahe, udaharanarth, atirikt satrache dhyan karane kinwa jaast kaal, vishesh bauddha grunth vachane kinwa japane, kahee vishesh paddhatine smaran karane kinwa dene.
sadhya, "uposatha" chya shapathancha sambandh mukhytah dakshin aanee aagney aashiyatil thervad bauddha dharmashi aahe, parantu chinmadhyehi hii pratha vyapak hotee aanee aajahi tee palali jaate.
aath aadnya samanya lokanna mathvasi mhanoon jaganyacha arth kaay aahe yachee chhap denyasathi aahet aanee kahijananna mathvasi jivanakade aakarshit karnyasathi niyam 'faata' chaa patal shevat mhanoon kaam karoo shakatat."aath tattvanche uddisht pachpeksha vegale aahe kaaran teey qamee naitik swarupache aahet, parantu dhyan kendrit karnyavar aanee laksh vichalit honyapasoon rokhanyasathi adhik laksh kendrit karatat. aath aadnyanpaiki tisra upadesh mhanje shuddhata rakhane. mhanoon bauddha paramparenusar samanya lokanni utsavachya divashi shuddha asane aavashyak aahe, jeey 'parvanachya' divashi shuddha asanyachya aitihasik bharatiy paramparesarkhech aahe. sahavya niyamapramane, yacha arth bhikshunsathi jawaljawal samaan niyamache anukaran karoon duparnantar ann naan ghene assa aahe. dravpadarthanna parvanagi aahe. taiwani chikitsak ming-juna hang aanee tyanchya saha-lekhakanni suruvatichya aanee madhyayugeen chiinii bauddha granthanche vishleshan kele aahe aanee assa yuktivad keela aahe qee ardhya divasachya upvasacha mukhya uddesh ichcha qamee karane, tandurusti aanee samarthya sudharane aanee zope qamee karane haah aahe. aitihasikdrushtya, chiinii bauddhanni aath tattvancha shakaharipanacha samavesh mhanoon arth lavala aahe.
satvya upadeshacha arth kadhikadhi rangiberangi kapade naan ghalane assa dekhil keela jaato, jyamule aath aadnya palatana lokanni sadhya pandhya rangache kapade ghalanyachi parampara aahe. tathapi, yacha arth assa nahee qee pandhya poshakhat asalela bauddha bhakt aath aadnya nehmi palat aahe. aathvya aadnyepramane, alishan aasan kinwa khatanvar naan basane kinwa naan zopane, heey sahasa jaminivar chataivar zopane asey yete. swatah niyamanmadhye nirdisht nasale taree, thayaland aanee chinmadhye, niyam palanare lock sahasa ratrabhar mandirat rahatat. heey aath aadnya modana gharguti pralobhananna rokhanyasathi aahe aanee aadnya palanyachya samudayik prayatnanna chalana denyas madat karate.
mathancha sarav.
amavasya aanee paurnimechya upothavar, jethe chaar kinwa adhik bhikshu aahet asha mathanmadhye, sthanik sangh patimokha pathan karel. pathan suru honyapurvi, bhikshu shistabhangachya niyamanche konatehi ullanghan jhaale asalyachi kabuli dusya bhikshukakade kinwa sanghakade deteel. patimokha chantarchya (eka bhikshuchya) veganusar, pathanala 30 minitanpasoon teey eka tasapeksha jaast vel lagoo shakato. mathanusar, samanya lokanna upasthit rahanyachi parvanagi asoo shakate kinwa naselahi.
samudayik parasparsanvad.
thayalandmadhil uposathachya divasanchya tyachya anubhavache varnan kartana khantipalo (1982aii) lihitatah
vishesh uposatha divas.
thayalandmadhye paurnimechya paach divasanche vishesh mahatva aahe aanee tyanna pooja mhanatatah
shrilanket teen paurnimechya divasanna kinwa poya divasanna vishesh mahatva aahe.
tibet aanee bhutanmadhye paurnimeche chaar divas aahet jeey mahattvache aahet
chean, japan, koria, phillipines aanee vhietanammadhye paurnimeche kahee mahattvache divas aahet.