vadavivad

dbking, chonch trimming (jyala chonch-trimming asehi mhanatat) kinwa chonch conditioning mhanje kombadyanchi, visheshtah thurr murgya aanee turkeychi chanch anshatah kadhoon takane, jaree tee bater aanee badkanvarhi kelee jaau shakate. bahutekda, choch kayamswarupi lahan kelee jaate, jaree punha vaadh houu shakate. khalchi kapaleli choch varchya chochapeksha kahishi lamb asate. ashach prakarchya parantu vegalya saravamadhye, samanyatah pakshi pashuvaidya kinwa anubhavi pakshipaladware kelya olakhalya, aarogyavishayak karanansathi bandist pakshyanchya chochanna kapane, bharane kinwa valavane samavisht asate-vaadh kinwa vikrutee qamee karnyasathi durust karnyasathi kinwa tatpurte karnyasathi aanee pakshyala tyachya samanya aahar aanee shikar kriyakalapambaddal adhik changlya prakare jaau denyasathi. raptor-rakhandaranmadhil yaa prathes samanyatah 'samna karane' mhanoon olakhale jaate.
kombadyanchya undy undy jatinmadhye choch kapani sarvat samanya aahe. united statessarkhya kahee deshanmadhye, turkey niyamitpane tyanchi choch kapatat. yuu. keey. madhye, fakt 10 takke turkeychi choch kapali jaate. narbhakshakta, pankh chikatavane aanee vent chikatane yasarkhya hanikarak chikatanyamule honare nuksan qamee karnyasathi aanee tyadvare rahnyayogyata sudharanyasathi choch kapane haah eka pratibandhatmak upay aahe. vyavsayik broyler kombadyanchi choch niyamitpane kapali jaat nahee kaaran tyanche vajan vayachya andaje 6 aathvadyanparyant pohochate.eae. samanyatah hanikarak chikatane suru honyapurvi. tathapi, sanyogadarmyan nuksan talhanyasathi broiler prajnan satha kapla jaau shakato. kahee deshanmadhye, choch kapani haah shevatcha upay mhanoon keela jaato, jethe paryay shakya kinwa yogya nasalyache manale jaate.
choch kapanichya virodhakanche mhanane aahe qee choch kapanyane sampoorn kalpala honara aaghat, dukhapat aanee haanee yanchya tulanet yaa saravamule choch kapanyachi samasya kirkol pramanat qamee hote. ghat hii eka ankee takkevarimadhye aahe, tarr paristhitimadhye sudharana visheshtah thurr vasahatinmadhye samasyapradhan vartan purnapane thambwell.
anek european deshanni choch kapanyavar bandee ghatali aahe, jyat denmark (2013), finland (1986), germany (2017), netherlands (2019), norwey (1974) aanee sweeden (1988) yancha samavesh aahe; vishleshakanchi apeksha aahe qee najikchya bhavishyat britansarkhe itar european deshahi yache anusaran kartil.
andyansathi thevalelya anek jaatinchya (varsa jaatee aanee aadhunik sankarit donhi) turkey, badake, teel, bater aanee kombadyanmadhye, jawalun bandist thevalelya narbhakshakta, pankh chikatavane aanee aakramakta samanya aahet. narbhakshan aanee pankh chikatanyachi pravrutti kombadyanchya vegvegalya jatinmadhye badalate, parantu tee satatyane prakat hott nahee. ekach jaatichya kahee kalpanna narbhakshanapasun purnapane muktata miloo shakate, tarr itaranna, tyach vyavasthapanakhali, gambhir udrek houu shakato. pakshigruh, pendha yard aanee mukt-shrenichya pranalinmadhye thevalelya undy undy kalpanmadhye pramukhyane narbhakshanamule 15 takkyanparyant mrutyu houu shakatat.
kombadyanche undy ghalanyache prakar pinjareband paddhatinmadhye lahan gut aakarat thewale jaau shakatat, tyamule narbhakshan qamee hote jyamule pinjarebaheril paddhatinchya tulanet mrutyudar qamee hoto. kalpanmadhye narbhakshakta hii atyant badalanari asate aanee jevha tee samasyapradhan nasate, tevha utpadan pranalinmadhye mrutyudar samaan asato.
itihas.
1930 chya dashakat ohayo krishi prayog kendramadhye choch kapani vikasit karnyat aalee. mool tantra tatpurte hote, choch sumare 6 miimii (1/4 inch) kapoon. asey manale jaat hote qee chochchya tokala raktpurvatha navhata aanee bahudha sanvedana navhati. narbhakshaktemule mrutyu jaast jhaale kinwa kombadichya vishisht prakaratil narbhakshaktechya itihasamule samasya apekshit hotee, tevha hii prakriya dhardar chakoone hatane kelee jaat asey.
narbhakshakta hii eka gambhir vyavasthapan samasya aahe jee kukkutpalanasathichi sakhol ghare lokpriy honyapurvichya kalapasoon aahe. kukkut udhyogachya ubhya ektrikaranachya aadhi lihilelya kukkutpalan pustakanmadhye kukkutpalan kukkutpalan asamanya kondyanche varnan kele aaheh
rakt yeiparyant pille aanee praudh pakshi ekmekanna uchalatat aanee nantar pudhe gheuun ekmekanna nasht karatat, heey anek kalpanmadhye, visheshtah bandivasat thevalyas, mothya nukasaniche kaaran tharate... ohayo prayog kendrane varchya chochache toke kapanyachi shifaras keleli choch punha vadhat nahee toparyant prabhavi asalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
narbhakshakteche done shikhar kombadichya aayushyat asate; prajnan kalat aanee undy ghalanyachya prarambhi. point-auph-leey narbhakshan samanyatah sarvat hanikarak asate aanee bahutek laksh vedhoon ghete. ohayo prayog kendramadhye vikasit jhalelya tatpuratya choch chhatanimadhye asey gruheet dharale gele qee narbhakshakta haah eka tappa aahe aanee choch tatpurati dhusar karane purese tharel.
sadhyachya paddhati aanee margdarshak tattve.
alikadachya varshant, choch chhatanichya yantrat vijene garam kelelya bladecha vapar karoon, choch chhatanisathi adhik kayamswarupi chhatani vikasit karane (jaree punha chhatani aavashyak asoo shakate), heey uddisht aahe, jenekarun swatahsathi snrakshak cutt upalabdh hoil. sadhya (2012) choch chhatanichya chaar mothya pramanavar vaparlya jaanarya paddhati aaheth garam blade, thund blade (katri kinwa secaters), vidyut (bayo-beaker) aanee infrared. nantarchya done paddhati sahasa fakt chochiche toke kadhoon taktat aanee ughadi jakham sodat naheet; mhanoon tyaa kalyanat sudharana karoo shakatat. lesarcha vapar, gothavane aanee rasayanik mandavane yasarkhya itar paddhatinchi tapasani kelee gelee aahe parantu tyancha vyapak vapar hott nahee. infrared paddhat chochchya aateel uutinmadhye ushnatecha eka majboot srot nirdeshit karate aanee kahee aathvadyannantar, varchya aanee khalchya chochache toke marate aanee choch bholee tokene lahan banavat khalee padate. varchya chochatil eka lahan chhidra jaalanyasathi vidyut pravahacha vapar karnari bayo-beaker hii turkeychya chochanchi chhatani karanyachi pasantichi paddhat aahe. pharm animal welfare kaunsilane (eff. aii. see.) turkeychya choch kapanibabat lihile qee shitkati hii sarvat achook paddhat hotee, parantu chochachi lakshaniy vaadh jhaali; jaree jaiv-beaker maryadit choch punha vadhali asali, taree tee qamee achook hotee. garam kaap hii turkeysathi sarvat trasdayak prakriya asalyache manale jaat hote.
yuu. keey. madhye, starachi kombadyanchi choch kapani samanyatah vayachya vayachya divashi tyach velee hote jevha kombadyala laingik sambandh thewale jaatat aanee lasikaran kele jaate.
amerikechya yuu. eae. pii. margdarshak tattvanmadhye asey suchavale aahe qee kombadyanchya undy ghalanyachya prakaranmadhye, kapaninantar uralelya nakpudyanpasun door asalelya varchya chochachi lambi 2 teey 3 miimii asavi. yuu. keey. madhye, pharm animal welfare kaunsilane mhatleh "varchya aanee khalchya chochanchya eka trutiyanshpeksha jaast kinwa fakt varchya chochchya eka trutiyanshpeksha jaast nahee ashee swikarleli prakriya aahe" parantu pudhe shifaras keleeh "jithe choch kapani kelee jaate, tithe tee shakya asel tithe choch kapanyapurati maryadit thewali pahije; mhanje tikshna bindu kadhoon taknyasathi choch mandavane jeey itar pakshyanna sarvat gambhir nuksan houu shakate."
kayade.
europemadhye anek dashakanpasun choch kapanyavar bandee ghalanyacha cull aahe. yaa prathevar haloohaloo sampoorn khandat bandee ghalanyat yeil ashee vishleshakanchi apeksha aahe. 
european union kayada sadasya deshanna done niyamannusar kukkutpalan qamee karanyachi parvanagi detoh kombadya ghalanyasathi nirdesh 1999/74 eae. see. choch kapanichi parvanagi deto, tarr broylersathi nirdesh 2007/43 eae. see. keval kahee vishisht prakarananmadhye choch kapanichi parvanagi deto. april 2019 paryant, european unionmadhil 80 takke kombadya choch-chhatalelya asalyacha andaj hota.
austreliya.
julai 2019 paryant, keval austreliyachya rajdhanichya pradeshat pashu kalyan kayada 1992 (kayada) chya chya dware choch kapanyavar bandee aahe. victoria aanee nyu south velsmadhye vadavivadavar bandee ghalavi qee nahee yavar sadhya sansadet charcha suru aahe. 2019 chya aavajahin ahavalane aine. ess. doubleu. sansadela vadavivad karnyas bandee ghalanyachi aanee tyaeivaji kombadyansathi parasparsanvad aanee mansik uttejanala protsahit karnyasathi kachara aanee yogya shreni kshetransarkhya samruddha paryavaraniy paristhiticha parichay karanyachi shifaras kelee. changle poshan, prakash aanee parjivi vyavasthapan dekhil hanikarak chikatane qamee karnyas madat karoo shakate.'humane society international austreliyane 2015 madhye kelelya sarvekshanat, 91 takke pratisadkartyanni asey mhatale aahe qee mukt shrenichya andyachya peteet kombadyanchi choch kapali gelee aahe qee nahee heey darshavile pahije.
canada.
choch kapani kayadeshir aahe parantu canadamadhye niyantrit aahe. rashtriy krishi pashusamvardhan parishadechya 2016 chya kukkutpalan aacharsanhitenusar 'prajanankartyanche vyavasthapan karnyasathi sarvatopari prayatna karavet jenekarun choch kapanisarkhe sharirik badal aavashyak nastil'; jarr teey aavashyak siddha jhaale tarr, tathapi, garam blade upcharanvar infrared upcharanchi shifaras kelee jaate.
chean.
peaples republic auph chayanamadhye choch kapanibabat konatehi niyam naheet. ningxia ziaoming shetee aanee pashusamvardhan company yasarkhya kahee kampanyanni swechhene vadavivad tappyatappyane thambavanyacha nirnay ghetala aahe. ell. tii. dii. 
france.
francemadhye, kukkutpalan kombadyanchi choch kapane tevhach adhikrut aahe jevha teey pranyanche aarogya aanee kalyan japate, mhanje narbhakshan aanee chikatpanachi jokhim maryadit karane. undy ghalanyachya uddeshane keval 10 divasanpeksha qamee vayachya pillanvarach heey adhikrut aahe aanee teey patra patra kele pahije. tyamule prajanankarte aanee shetmajur heey heey karoo shakatat.
germany.
krishi mantri khrishchan meyer yanni jaheer kele qee prani kalyan chintemule germany 2017 paryant choch kapani tappyatappyane bund karel.
netherlands.
netherlandsmadhye choch kapanivar bandee pahilyanda 1996 madhye jaheer karnyat aalee hotee, parantu kukkutpalan kshetrachya aakshepanmule tee anek varshe lambanivar padali. juuna 2013 madhye, sarkarne kukkutpalan shetkari aanee pashu kalyan gut yanchyat 2018 madhye tappyatappyane dbking thambavanyasathi aanee tyavar bandee ghalanyasathi eka karar keela. kapanivaril bandee akheris 1 janewari 2019 roji lagoo jhaali. 
newzealand.
adhikrutpane 'chonch tipping' mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya choch kapanila kayadeshir manyata aahe, parantu newzealandmadhye tyache niyaman kele jaate. layer heins code auph welfare (shevatche adyayavat 1 aktoobar 2018) namood karate qee rashtriy prani kalyan sallagar samitee (aine. aii. aii. see.) 'choch tipanyachi garaj naan thevata serve prakarchya hanikarak chikatavanyapasun sanrakshn karnyasathi vyavasthapan pranali vikasit karnyasathi udyogala protsahit karate'. code shifaras karato qee '[aaa] hanikarak (pankh) chikatavan vyavasthapit karnyasathi paryayi dhorane vaparali pahijet jee choch tipanyachi garaj qamee karatat udaa.jee. vividh chaara sansadhanancha vapar aanee upalabdhata.'jarr tee choch tipane aavashyak manale gele asel, tarr tathapi, tyasathi saksham prashikshit chalakanchi aavashyakta asate, tee ubavalyanantar 3 divasanchya aat (pashuvaidhyakiy dekharekhikhalil aapatkalin paristhiti vagalata) kelee jaane aavashyak aahe aanee varchya kinwa khalchya chochanchya eka chaturthanshpeksha jaast bhag kadhoon takoo shakat nahee.
nordic desh.
1974 madhye choch kapanivar bandee ghalanara norwey haah jagatil pahila desh hota, tyanantar 1986 madhye finland aanee 1988 madhye sweeden. tyanantar done tappyat denmarkmadhye choch kapani tappyatappyane bund karnyat aalih 2013 madhye samruddha pinjara pranalisathi aanee 2014 madhye pakshisangrahalay aanee mukt shreni pranalinsathi.
switzerland.
switzerlandmadhye choch kapani kayadeshir aahe parantu niyantrit aahe; najikchya bhavishyat yaa prathevar bandee ghalanyat yeil ashee apeksha aahe. 1992 saalee thurr murgyansathi pinjaryacha vapar karnyas bandee ghalanyat aalee asali taree 2000 salaparyant 59 takke kalap (61 takke kombadya) ajunahi bund hotee.
united kingdam.
choch kapani kayadeshir aahe parantu yuu. keey. madhye niyantrit aahe; najikchya bhavishyat yaa prathevar bandee ghalanyat yeil ashee apeksha aahe. 2011 madhye, british sarkarne udyog, sarkar, prani kalyan gut aanee pashuvaidhyansah vividh bhagdharkanchya pratinidhinsaha yaa prakaranacha aadhava ghenyasathi chonch kapani krutee gut (bii. tii. aii. jee.) sthapan keela. krishi mantri george eustice yanni 2015 chya uttaradhat dilelya bii. tii. aii. jee. ahavalat assa nishkarsh kadhala hota qee janewari 2016 madhye tyavar bandee ghalane khoop lavkar hoil kaaran yaa kshetrala pankh chikatavane talhanyasathi vyavasthapan tantrat badal karnyasathi adhik vel havah aahe, parantu bhavishyat tee choch kapani tappyatappyane kadhoon takali jaavi. chikan kalyan manchache adhyaksh andreau jorette yanni march 2020 madhye mhatleh' bandee yet aahe. majhya matey, yachee tayari karnyasathi aamchyakade jastit jaast paach varshe aahet. pakshyanna changle pankh thevanyache marg aaplyala shodhanyachi garaj aahe aanee jarr aaplyala shakya asel tarr shevati choch naan kapata teey qaraa.'
united states.
americet choch kapani kayadeshir aahe, parantu kahee niyam aaheth utpadakanche choch kapanyache dhoran asane aavashyak aahe, teey khadya karyakshamta sudharanyasathi vaparale jaau shakat nahee, parantu narbhakshakta rokhanyasathi vaparale jaau shakate. humanie societyche upadhyaksh paul shapiro yanni dawa keela qee pakshi jevha bandist asatat aanee tyanna kahihi karayache nasate tevhach teey narbhakshanacha avalamb karatat.
kharch aanee laabh.
kharch.
choch kapanicha kharch pramukhyane kalyankari babinshi sambandhit aahe. yamadhye tivra tanav aanee kapaninantar tivra, bahudha junat vedna yancha samavesh hoto. choch kaplyanantar, choccha aakar aanee vedna yamule, pakshyachi ann khanyachi kshamata qamee hote. bahutek abhyasanmadhye chanch kaplyanantar sharirache vajan aanee aahar qamee jhalyache nondavale gele aahe; tathapi, laingik paripakvata kinwa uchch undy utpadanane, vadhiche darr sahasa samanya asatat. garam bledney kapalelya pillanchya tulanet infraredne kapalelya choch asalelya pillanmadhye vajan qamee jhaale.
choch kapanyachi vedna.
choch kapanyamule vedna hotat qee nahee haah eka tivra charchila jaanara muddah aahe. hii eka guntaguntichi samasya aahe kaaran tyat tivra aanee/kinwa junat vedna asoo shakatat aanee tee kelee jaate tyaa vayavar, chhatani karanyachi paddhat aanee kadhaleli choch kitee lambivar avalambun asate. kukkutpalan udhyogat choch kapani sahasa vayachya vayachya divashi kinwa jevha pille khoop lahan asatat tevha bhool naan deta hote, parantu jarr pankh kapanyacha udrek jhaala tarr nantarchya vayat houu shakate aanee kahee prakarananmadhye, pakshyanchi choch kapali jaau shakate. 10 divasanpeksha jaast vayachya maans kombadyanvar yuu. keey. madhye choch kapanyachi parvanagi nahee.
tivra vedna.
choch haah eka jatil, karyatmak avyav aahe jyamadhye vyapak majjasansthecha puravatha aahe jyamadhye nociceptorscha samavesh aahe jeey vedna aanee hanikarak uttejananna jaanavtat. choch kapanichya velee heey jawaljawal nishchitpane uttejit kele jaatil, jeey tivra vedna anubhavalya jaatil heey jordarpane soochit karate. kombadyanchya pillanmadhye choch kaplyanantar kaplyanantar vedanecha vartanukicha purava, choch marnyachya vartanat jhaleli ghat, kriyakalap aanee samajik vartanatil ghat aanee zopecha kalavadhi vadhanyavar aadharit aahe.
japani batermadhye, choch-chhatanyamule choch chhatnyanantar lagechach sharirache vajan aanee aahar qamee jhaala. chavee kapalelya maskovi badakanni chavishi sambandhit vartanat (shikar karane, khane, pine, shodhak chikatane) qamee vel ghalavala aanee chavee kaplyashivayachya badakanpeksha jaast vel vishranti ghetali. heey farak trimanantarchya 1 aathvadyaparyant nahise jhaale. trimanantarchya 1 aathvadyat triim kelelya badakanche vajan naun-triim kelelya badakanpeksha qamee hote, parantu trimnantar 2 aathvadyanni haah farak nahisa jhaala. tathapi, vartanatil vareel badal vedna kinwa chochatil sanvedansheelata qamee jhalyamule udbhavtat qee nahee heey aspasht aahe.
praudh kombadyanmadhye choch kaplyanantar choch kadhanyachi shakti qamee hott asalyache aadhalun aale aahe, jeey kadachit heey soochit karate qee kombadya vednadayak bhagache pudhil uttejanapasun sanrakshn karat aahet. tathapi, vayachya 2 teey 9 divasant lahan choch-trims asalelya kinwa nasalelya pillanmadhye choch maranyachi shakti vegali navhati, jeey soochit karate qee lahan choch-trims asalelya pillanna choch dukhat nahee.
dirghakalin vedna.
tivra choch kapani kinwa mhatarpanat choch kapani pakshyanmule dirghakalin vedna hotat asey manale jaate. junya kinwa praudh kombadyanchya choch kapaninantar, choch stumpmadhil nociceptor majjatantu utsarjanache asamanya namune darshavtat, jeey tivra vedna darshavtat. neuroma, sujalelya punarutpadak akshatantuchya ankuranche guntalele samooh, 5 aathvade kinwa tyahoon adhik vayachya pakshyanchya chochchya barey jhalelya stumpmadhye aanee gambhirpane choch kapalelya pakshyanmadhye aadhaltat. majjatantu heey manvi apanganmadhil pret vedananshi sambandhit aahet aanee mhanunach choch kapalelya pakshyanmadhil dirghakalin vedaneshi sambandhit aahet. ayogya prakriyemule kinwa junya pakshyanmadhye chanch kapani gambhir asalyas, majjatantu tikoon rahtil jeey soochit karatat qee chanch kapalelya junya pakshyanna dirghakalin vedna hotat, jaree yavar vadavivad jhaala aahe.
laabh.
choch kapanyache fayade pramukhyane jawalchya bandivasat thevalelya pakshyansathi kalyankari fayade aahet, jyapaiki kahee thet utpadan vadhanyashi (kinwa qamee jhalelya ghatkanshi) sambandhit aahet. yamadhye qamee jhalele pankh chikatavane aanee narbhakshipana, changle pankh (jaree tyanna lahan choch vaparoon shikar karane katheen vatate, mhanje teey swatahla changle swachchh karat naheet), qamee bheeti aanee ghabarat, qamee dirghakalin taana aanee qamee jhalele mrutyu yancha samavesh hoto.
paryay.
narbhakshi pravrutti qamee karnyasathi paliv kukkutpalananchya anuvanshashastrat sudharana karnyasah choch chhatanisathi sambhavya paryay mhanoon anek paryay prastavit kele gele aahet. jethe prakash niyantran shakya aahe asha maryadit gharansathi, prakashachi tivrata qamee karane jenekarun pakshi ekmekanna pahoo shakanar naheet aanee tyamule shatrutvapurna bhetee aanee aakramak vartan sahajpane qamee hote. lahan vayatach sadar keleli sanwardhan upkarane, jase qee adhivasat tanglelya sadhya vastoo, aakramak vartan qamee karoo shakatat. loksankhyeche lahan gut aakarat vibhajan kelyane narbhakshakta qamee hote. qamee vajanachya pullet pullet sharirachya vajanachya yogya vyavasthapanamule garbhashay prolapses qamee vajanachya puletchi sambhavyata qamee hote jyamule clocal narbhakshan hote.

