eulysis ess. anudan

eulysis ess. grant (janm hiram eulysis grant; 27 april 1822-23 julai 1885) haah eka american lashkari adhikari aanee rajkarani hota, jyane 1869 teey 1877 paryant amerikecha 18 vaa rashtradhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. commanding general mhanoon, tyane 1865 madhye american yadavi yuddhat union armila vijay midvoon deela aanee tyanantar kahee kaal yuu. ess. mhanoon kaam kele.ess. yuddh sachiv. nantar, adhyaksh mhanoon, anudan heey eka prabhavi nagri haqq karyakari hote, jyanni nyay vibhag tayar jaijaykar vidheykavar swakshari kelee aanee punarrachanedarmyan african american lokanche sanrakshn karnyasathi kattarpanthi prajasattak lokansobat kaam kele.
ohayomadhye janmalelya aanee vadhalelya anudanala west pointmadhye pravesh denyat aala aanee 1843 chya vargat padvi prapt kelee, pudhe jaaun too mexican-american yuddhat vishesh kamgiri karat rahila. 1854 madhye tyanni sainyacha rajinama deela aanee garib nagri jeevanat paratale. 1861 madhye, american yadavi yuddhanantar thodyach velat, anudan union aarmimadhye sameel jhaale aanee western theatermadhe suruvatichya union vijay jinkalyanantar teey patkan prasiddha jhaale. 1863 madhye, tyanni wixberg mohimeche netrutva kele, mississippy nadivar niyantran midavale, jyamule mahasanghacha eka gambhir dhoranatmak fatka basala. adhyaksh abraham linken yanni chattanooga yetheel vijayanantar tyanna leftnunt general mhanoon padonnati dilee. tera mahine, grant yanni robbert eae. shhee ladha deela. jaminivaril uchch-apghat mohimedarmyan aanee pietersberg yethe. lii pietersberghoon paloon gelyanantar, grantne tyacha pathlag keela aanee apomatox yethe tyache sainya tabyat ghetale, jithe leene aupcharikpane anudanasathi aatmasamarpan kele. 1866 madhye rashtradhyaksh andreau johnson yanni lashkarachya generalla anudan denyas protsahan dile. nantar, grantne punarrachana dhoranambabat johnsonshey ughadpane matbhed nirman kele. tyachya kartvyachya bhavnene aakarshit jhalelya yuddhavirala, prajasattak pakshane ekmatane anudan mhanoon namankit kele aanee nantar 1868 madhye adhyaksh mhanoon nivadle.
adhyaksh mhanoon, grantne yuddhanantarchya rashtriy arthvyavasthela sthir kele, congresschya punarrachanela aanee pandharavya durustila manyata denyas pathimba deela aanee kuu clucks clanla chiradoon takale. anudananusar, sangh purnapane purvavat karnyat aala. tyanni african american aanee jyoo american lokanchi pramukh federal karyalayanmadhye niyukti kelee. 1871 madhye, tyanni pahila nagri seva aayog sthapan keela, jyane konatyahi purvichya adhyakshanpeksha nagri sevechi pragati kelee. 1872 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit udarmatvadi prajasattak aanee lokshahivadi grantchya pratispardhyachya pathishi ekatra aale, parantu anudan sahajpane punha nivadle gele. etch bhitimule desh tivra aarthik mandichya gartet padala, parinami lokshahivadi lokanni sabhagruhat bahumat midavale. bharatiyanna anglo-american sanskratit villin karane heey grantche mool american dhoran hote. tyache pararashtra dhoran bahutek shantatapurn hote, yuddhavina, gret britanviruddhache "alabama" dave kushalatene sodavale gele. tathapi, santo domingoche vilinikaran karnyacha tyancha prayatna sinetane fetalala. anudan prashasana heey pramukhyane anek ghotalyansathi lakshat thewale jaat hote, parantu aadhunik shishyavruttine anudanane niyukt kelelya sudharkanche aanee khatale chalavanyachya prayatnanche adhik kautuk kele aahe. 1876 chya atyant vadgrast rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukit, anudanane congressne shantatapurn tadjodichi manjuri dilee.
adhyakshapad sodalyanantar, grantne jaagtik daura keela, anek pramukh vyaktinna bhetale aanee jagachi pradakshina karnare teey pahile adhyaksh banale. 1880 madhye, aahe karyakalasathi prajasattak adhyakshapadache namankan midvanyat anudan ayashasvi tharale. tyachya aayushyachya shevatchya varshat, gambhir aarthik ulthapalath aanee ghashachya karkarogane mrutyumukhi padatana, tyane tyache sansmaran lihile, jeey anudanchya mrutyunantar lagechach prakashit jhaale aanee teey eka mothe gambhir aanee aarthik yash hote. tyanchya mrutyuchya velee, rashtriy ekteche prateek mhanoon tyanche smaran karnyat aale. anudan haah eka aadhunik senapati hota aanee tyala "eka kushal neta, jyala davpech aanee rannitichi swabhavik samaj hotee" asey mhatale jaate. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat sangharajyatil sahanubhooti vyakt vyakt pasaravalelya 'haravalelya karanamule' mithkamule, 21 vya shatkat teey purvavat honyas suruvat honyapurvi aitihasik moolyankan aanee anudanachi kramvari aanee tyanche adhyakshapad nakaratmak hote. grantche samikshak tyanchya aarthik gairvyavasthapanabaddal aanee tyanchya prashasanatil bhrashtacharabaddal nakaratmak drushtikon ghetat, tarr tyanche chahate sthanik american lokansobatchya tyanchya shantata dhoranavar, african american lokansathi nagri aanee matdanachya adhikarachi jordar amalbajavani aanee uttar aanee dakshinela sangharajyat ekach rashtra mhanoon surakshit karnyavar bharr detat.
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
hiram eulysis grantcha janm 27 april 1822 roji ohayo yetheel point sukhad yethe, charmkar aanee vyapari jessy ruut grant aanee hannah simpson grant yanchya potee jhaala. tyache purvaj mathyu aanee precilla grant 1630 madhye massatusates beey collany yethe "merrie aanee johnn" yaa jahajavar aale. grantche panjoba french aanee bharatiy yuddhat ladhale aanee tyache aajoba noa yanni bunker hiill yethe american krantimadhye seva kelee. tyanantar, noha pensylvaniamadhye sthayik jhaali aanee eka ayrish pioneerchi mulgi rashell kelee hichyashi lagn kele. tyancha mulga jessy (yulisisache vadil) haah vhig partycha samarthak aanee nirmulanvadi hota. jessy grant 1820 madhye point sukhad jhaale aanee tyanna charmodyogat pramukh mhanoon kaam midale. lavkarach too tyachi bhavee patni hannah hiila bhetala aanee doghanche lagn 24 juuna 1821 roji jhaale. hannah hii irelandchya county tyronmadhil balligauli yetheel presbyterian sthalantaritanchi vanshaj hotee. tichya lagnanantar daha mahinyanni, hannane eulysis yaa teela aanee jessichya pahilya mulala janm deela. tyaa mulache naav, eulysis, heey topimadhye thevalelya matpatrikevarun kadhale gele hote. aaplya sasarchya sanmanarth, jesene tyaa mulache naav 'hiram eulysis' thewale, jaree too nehmi tyachya madhalya navane 'eulysis' asey sambodhat asey.
1823 madhye, heey kutumb ohayochya georgetown yethe sthalantarit jhaale, jithe aanakhi paach bhavandancha janm jhalah simpson, clara, orville, jeanny aanee merrie. vayachya pachvya varshi, ulysisne tyache aupcharik shikshan suru kele, jyachi suruvat eka vargani shaletoon aanee nantar done khajgi shalanmadhye jhaali. 1836-1837 chya hivalyat, anudan mesville seminarymadhye vidyarthi hota aanee 1838 chya sharad rutumadhye too johnn rankinchya akadamimadhye gela. tyachya tarunyat, grantmadhye ghodyanchi sawari karanyachi aanee tyanche vyavasthapan karanyachi asamanya kshamata vikasit jhaali. grantla charmodyog aavadat navhata, mhanoon tyachya vadilanni tyala bharpur puravatha karnari wagon chalavanyache aanee lokanchi vahtook karnyache kaam deuun ghodyansah vaparanyachi tyachi kshamata vaparali. tyachya bhavandanpramane, tyachya paddhatvadi palakanni anudanala charchala jaanyas bhag padale nahee. ayushyabhar tyanni khajgi prathna kelee aanee kadhihi adhikrutpane konatyahi sampradayat sameel jhaale naheet. tyachya swatachya mulasah itaranna, anudan heey adnyeyavadi asalyache disun aale. tyala hannacha kahee paddhatvadi dharmanishtha aanee shant swabhav varsa mhanoon midala. yuddhapurvi anudan heey mothya pramanat arajnaitik hote, parantu lihile, "jarr mallah kadhee rajkiy sahanubhooti asatee tarr teey vigjachya pathishi rahile asate. mea tyach shalet lahanacha motha jhalo."
prarambhik lashkari karkird aanee vaiyaktik jeevan.
west point aanee first assignment.
grantchya vadilanni pratinidhi thomas ell. laa patra lihile. newyorkchya west point yetheel united states miiliitary akadamimadhye (yuu. ess. emm. aii.) yulisisache namankan karanyachi vinanti hammerney kelee. jessy ruut grantshee rajkiy matbhed asoonahi, democrat hammerney aaplya 17 varshiy mulala 1839 chya vasant rutumadhye west pointsathi namankit kele. jaree tyala tyachya shaikshanik kshamatevar shanka asali taree 1 julai roji anudan sweekarle gele. anudanabaddal aparichit asalelya hammerney west pointla chukiche naav sadar kele. 14 september roji anudanat cadett 'yuu' chee bharati karnyat aalee.ess. rashtriy akadamimadhye anudan. yuu' yaa aadyaksharanpasun lashkarachya lashkarachya west pointvaril tyache topananav 'samm' jhaale.ess."too" "ankal samm" "sathee dekhil ubha hota".
suruvatila, anudan lashkari jivanabaddal udaseen hote, parantu eka varshachya aat tyanni akadami sodanyachya tyanchya ichchhechi punha tapasani kelee aanee nantar lihile qee "ekandarit mallah heey thikan khoop aavadate". akadamimadhye asatana, tyala sarvat jaast swarasya ghodeswar hote aanee tyane "sarvat kushal" ghodeswar mhanoon pratishtha midavali. padvidan samarambhadarmyan, keval anudan deu shakanara eka motha aanee shaktishali ghoda, yorkver swar asatana, tyane unch udee marnyacha vikram keela joou 25 varshe tikala. lashkari dincharyetun dilasa midava mhanoon tyane pranayramya kalakar robbert walter ware yachya margdarshanakhali shikshan ghetale aanee nauu jiwant kalakruti tayar kelya. james fenimore cooper aanee itaranchya kamansah tyanchya shaikshanik granthanpeksha tyanni granthalayatil pustake vachanyat jaast vel ghalavala. ravivari, cadetsna akadamichya charchmadhye kooch karane aanee sevanmadhye upasthit rahane aavashyak hote, hii eka ashee aavashyakta hotee jee anudanala napsant karat asey. swabhavane shant, grantne frederic tracy dent aanee james longstreets sahkari cadetsmadhye kahee jivhalyache mitra prasthapit kele. too capton charles eff. yaa commandantapasun prerit hota. smith aanee general winfield scott, jyanni cadetscha aadhava ghenyasathi akadameela bhet dilee. grantne nantar lashkari jivanabaddal lihile, "napsant karnyasathi barech kahee aahe, parantu aavadanyasathi barech kahee aahe."
anudanane 30 juuna 1843 roji padvi prapt kelee, tyachya vargat 39 paiki 21 vya kramankavar hota aanee taree divashi tyala brewett sekand leftnunt padavar badhati denyat aalee. vayachya 17 vya varshi lahan asatana, tyane keval unch vajanachya akadamimadhye pravesh keela hota; chaar varshannantar padvi ghetalyanantar too unchiparyant vadhala hota. anudanane tyachya chaar varshanchya kartvyakalachya karyakalanantar tyachya aayogacha rajinama denyachi yojana aakhali. nantar too eka mitrala lihit asey qee, tyachya aayushyatil sarvat aanandachya divasanpaiki eka mhanje tyane adhyakshapad sodanyacha divas aanee akadami sodanyacha divas hota. utkrusht ghodeswari asoonahi, tyala ghodadalat niyukt karnyat aale nahee, tarr chauthya payadal regimentmadhye niyukt karnyat aale. grantchi pahili niyukti tyala seent jefarsanjavalachya jefferson barrekmadhye gheuun gelee. lui, misauri. ell. tii. cole. robbert see. ladha" aashraysthanatun anudan ushira paratalyabaddal buchananla daruchya batalya deuun dand thothavanyat aala. curnell stephen doubleu. tathapi, barreck haah pashchimekadil deshatil sarvat motha lashkari tall hota. grant tyachya naveen senapativar khoosh hota parantu tyachi lashkari seva sampanyachi aanee sambhavya adhyapan karkird honyachi vaat pahat hota.
lagn aanee kutumb.
1844 madhye, grant fredrick dentkade misaurila gela aanee dentchi baheen julia yanchyasah tyachya kutumbala bhetala. doghancha lavkarach sakharpuda jhaala. chaar varshannantar, 22 august 1848 roji, seent julia yetheel juliachya gharee tyanche lagn jhaale. lui. grantchya nirmulanvadi vadilanni dentchya malkichya gulamanna nakar deela aanee grantchya aaee-vadilanpaiki konihi lagnala upasthit rahile naheet.
lagnat, anudanasathi teen sahkari west point padvidhar hote, jyanni nilya rangacha ganvesh paridhan keela hota, jyat longstreet, juliachi chulat baheen yancha samavesh hota. mahinyachya akheris, ohayochya bethelmadhye grantchya kutumbiyanni juliyache manapasoon swagat kele.
yaa jodpyala chaar mule hotih fredrick, eulysis junier. ('buck' mhanoon olakhale jaate), elen ('nellie' mhanoon olakhale jaate) aanee jessy II. lagnanantar, anudanane tyachya rajesathi done mahinyanchi mudatvadh midavali aanee sentala paratale. lui, jithe tyane tharavale qee, patnisah too sainyat raheel.
mexican-american yuddh.
americene texasche vilinikaran kelyanantar mexicoberober vadhata tanav, 1846 madhye yuddh suru jhaale. sangharshadarmyan, grantne swatahla eka dhadsi aanee saksham sainik mhanoon olakhale. yuddhachya aadhi rashtradhyaksh johnn tylor yanni mejar general zachari teller yanchya netrutvakhalil kabja sainyacha bhag mhanoon louisianala anudan unitche aadesh dile hote. september 1846 madhye, tilercha uttaradhikari, james keey. texaschya corpus christy yethe mexicola yuddhat bhadakavu naan shakalelya polkne tellerla 150 mail dakshinekade riyo grandparyant kooch karnyache aadesh dile. mexican vedha talhanyasathi dakshinekade texas killyakade kooch karat, 8 meey 1846 roji, palo altochya ladhait prathamach anubhavi ladhai dilee.
anudanane regimentcha chaturthak adhikari mhanoon kaam kele, parantu ladhau bhoomikesathi talmalale; shevati jevha parvanagi midali, tevha tyane resaka deey laa palmachya ladhait netrutva kele. tyane monterichya ladhait swaichchhapurvak pathavalele mageel sniper gheuun jaaun tyachi ghodeswari karanyachi kshamata darshavali, jithe tyane tyachya ghodyachya bajula latakavoon prani tyachya aanee shatruchya darmyan thewala. shahar sodanyapurvi tyane kahee jakhami american lokanna madatisathi pathvinyache aashvasan dile. polkne, tellerchya vadhatya lokpriyatepasun savadh rahoon, mejar general winfield scotchya netrutvakhali naveen sainya tayar karnyasathi kahee sainya (anudan units) pathavun, aaplya sainyachi vibhagani kelee. samudramarge pravas karat, scottche sainya veracruz yethe utarale aanee mexico shaharachya dishene pudhe gele. mexico shaharabaher molino dell reey aanee chapulatepekchya ladhait sainyane mexican sainyachi bhet ghetali. molino dell reey yetheel tyachya shauryasathi, 30 september roji grantla pratham leftnunt mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. sann cosme yethe, grantne tyachya lokanna eka vegale kelele howitzer charchchya stambhat odhanyache, nantar teey punha ekatra karnyache aanee jawalchya mexican sainyavar bombfake karnyache nirdesh dile. tyachya shauryane aanee pudhakarane tyala karnadhar mhanoon mothee padonnati midali. 14 september 1847 roji, scottachya sainyane shaharat kooch kele; meksikone californias vishal pradesh yuu. ess. laa deela.ess. 2 februwari 1848 roji.
yuddhadarmyan, grantne eka prashansaneey nond prasthapit kelee, scott aanee tellerchya davpechancha aanee dhoranancha abhyas keela aanee eka anubhavi adhikari mhanoon udayas aala, aaplya aatmacharitranmadhye lihile qee asha prakare too lashkari netrutvabaddal barech kahee shikala. mage valoon pahatana, jaree tyanni scottacha aadar keela, taree tyanni tyanchya netrutva shailichi olakh tellershee kelee. tathapi, grantne asehi lihile qee mexican yuddh naitikdrushtya anyaykarak hote aanee pradeshik laabh gulamgiricha vistar karnyasathi tayar kele gele hote, asey mhanat, "mea yaa upayala tivra virodh keela hota... aanee aajahi, jyaa yuddhacha parinam eka kamkuvat rashtraviruddha eka sashakt vyaktine kelelya sarvat anyaykarak yuddhanpaiki eka mhanoon pahila jaato."tyanni asey mutt vyakt kele qee yadavi yuddh hii yuu. ess. varr daivi shiksha hotee.ess. meksikoviruddhachya tyachya aakramanabaddal. yuddhadarmyan, grantne tyache "naitik dhairya" shodhun kadhale aanee sainyat karkird karnyacha vichar karnyas suruvat kelee.
yuddhadarmyan sahayyak chaturthansh shikshak mhanoon anudanachya anubhavache mahatva itihaskaranni adhikadhik nidarshanas aanoon dile aahe. jaree suruvatila too yaa padachya virodhat hota, taree tyane lashkari puravatha marg, vahtook pranali aanee rasad samajoon ghenyasathi anudan tayar kele, visheshtah charitrakar ronald white yanchya matey, "shatruchya pradeshat karyarat asalelya mothya, firatya sainyachi tartud" karnyachya sandarbhat. yuddhbhumichya samarik kshetrachya palikade asalelya mahattvapoorn ghatkandware yuddhe kashee jinkley kinwa harali jaau shakatat heey olakhanyasathi anudan aale. sahayyak chaturthansh shikshak mhanoon kaam kartana sampoorn sainikala anudan dile gele aanee sampoorn sainya kase puravave heey shikoon mothya sainyala tikavoon thevanyasathi prashikshan dile gele.
yuddhanantarchya yuddhanantarchya aanee rajinama.
yuddhanantarchya anudanachya pahilya kamanmule too aanee julia 17 november 1848 roji detroitla gele, parantu lavkarach tyanna puravatha aanee durustichi garaj bhasalyane upstate newyorkmadheel nirjan chauki maddison barrekmadhye halavanyat aale. chaar mahinyanantar, anudan detroitmadhil tyachya chaturthansh shikshakachya nokarila parat pathvanyat aale. californiatil sonyachya shodhamule anek shodhak aanee vasahati yaa pradeshat aale, tevha anudan aanee chauthya payadalala tethil lahan sainyadlala balkat karnyache aadesh denyat aale. newyork shaharatoon sainik aanee kahee shambhar nagarikanna panamala, bhupradeshatun prashant mahasagarat aanee nantar uttarela californiala aananyacha aarop anudanavar thevanyat aala hota. julia, eulysis juniors aath mahinyanchi garbhavati aahe., tyachyabarobar gele nahee. anudan panamamadhye asatana, patakichi mahamari pasarali aanee anek sainik, nagrik aanee mulancha balee ghetala. anudanane panama shaharat eka kshetriy rugnalay sthapan kele aanee aayojit kele aanee sarvat white rugna rugna eka mail asalelya rugnalayatil barjmadhye halavale. jevha orderlini aajari lokanchi kalji ghenyas virodh keela, tevha anudanane bahutek shushrusha swatah kelee, jyamule nirikshakankadun khoop prashansa midali. augustmadhye anudan sann franciscomadhye aale. tyachya pudhil nemanukine tyala uttarekade oregon pradeshatil vancouver barrekmadhye pathavale.
anudanane anek vyavsayik upkramancha prayatna keela parantu teey ayashasvi tharale aanee eka udaharanat tyacha vyavsayik bhagidar anudanatil 800 dollarschya guntavanukisaha farar jhaala. julia yanna aashvasan dya, qee sthanik bharatiyanna patradvare, teey nirupadravi hote aanee tyanchya durdashebaddal tyanna sahanubhooti nirman jhaali. anudanane ladha" agentsna bharatiyanna tyanchya purvathyachi fasavanuk kartana aanee gorya vasahatindvare hastantarit kelya gelelya sheetpitt aanee gover yancha naash kartana pahile.
5 august 1853 roji capton mhanoon padonnati midalyanantar, californiatil navyane bandhanyat aalelya phorta humbolt yethe chauthya payadalala, eff. yaa kamand companyla anudan denyat aale. leftnunt curnell robbert see. yanchya netrutvakhali 5 janewari 1854 roji grant phorta humbolt yethe pohochale. buchanan, eka martinit adhikari, jyanchyabarobar anudanane yapurvi jefferson barrekmadhye marg paar keela hota. tyachi patni aanee kutumbapasoon vibhakt houn, grant daroo pyayala lagla. curnell buchanan yanni eka madyapan prakaranasathi anudanala fatkarle aanee anudanala "rajinama kinwa sudharana" karnyas sangitale."jarr mea sudharana kelee nahee tarr rajinama dein, asey grant yanni buchanan yanna sangitale."ravivari, tyachya companychya deypatrakat, anudanavar darucha prabhav asalyache aadhalun aale, parantu teey aksham navhate. buchananla dilele vachan palat, 31 julai 1854 pasoon grantne rajinama deela. buchanan yanni grantchya rajinamyachya patrala manyata dilee parantu ghatanechi padtalani karnara konatahi ahwal sadar keela nahee. anudanala court-marshalcha samna karava lagla nahee aanee yuddh vibhagane mhatleh "tyachya changlya navaviruddha kahihi nahee."anudanane anek varshannantar mhatale," mea rajinama denyachya nirnayabarobar (madyapan) anadar yaa doshacha farsa sambandh navhata."pathimbyache konatehi sadhan nastana, anudan sentala parat kele gele. lui aanee tyachya bhavishyabaddal anishchit, tyachya kutumbasah punha ekatra aala.
nagri sangharsh, gulamgiri aanee rajkaran.
1854 madhye, vayachya 32 vya varshi, anudanane tyachya vadhatya kutumbala aadhar denyasathi konatyahi paise kamavanyachya vyavasayashivay nagri jeevanat pravesh keela. saat varshanchya aarthik sangharsh, garibi aanee asthiratechi hii suruvat hotee. grantchya vadilanni tyala gallena, eleanoy, yaa kutumbachya chamadyachya vyavasayachya shakhet jaaga deu kelee, parantu julia aanee mulanna misaurimadhye, dents kinwa kentakimadhye anudanasah rahanyachi magani kelee. anudan aanee juliane haah prastav nakarla. seent pietersbergjavalil tyachya mehunachya malmattevar, 'ichcha-tunn-ichcha', juliachya gulam dancha vapar karoon (pudhil chaar varshansathi) shetee kelee. lui. shet yashasvi jhaale nahee aanee paryayi jeevan jaganyasathi tyane seent varr jaalanyache lakud vikale. lui street corner.
1856 madhye, anudan juliachya vadilanchya shetatil jaminivar halavale gele aanee anudanachya shetat 'hardscrable' navache ghar bandhale. juliane yaa grameen gharache varnan 'anakarshak kebin' asey kele, parantu kutumbachya vastoo aanee itar vastoonsah ghar shakya titke gharasarkhe kele. grantchya kutumbakade paise, kapade aanee furniture qamee hote, parantu tyanchyakade nehmich purese ann hote. hote bhitichya kalat, jyane anek anek anudan uddhvast kele, anudanane tyachya kutumbasathi khrisamasachya bhetvastu kharedi karnyasathi tyache sonyache ghadyal girvi thewale. 1858 madhye, grantne khadatar jameen bhadyane dilee aanee tyache kutumb juliyachya vadilanchya 850 ekarchya lagvadimadhye halavale. tyaa sharad rututil, maleriyacha tras jhalyanantar anudanane shevati shetee sodali.
tyach varshi, grantne tyachya tyachya, william johns navachya pastis varshanchya manaskadoon eka gulam midavala. jaree anudan haah nirmulanvadi nasla taree tyala 'gulamgiricha manus' manale jaat navhate aanee gulamala kaam karnyas bhag padnyasathi too swatahla aanoo shakat navhata. march 1859 madhye, anudanasathi aavashyak asatana kiman $1,000 ($in chya samatulya) kimatichya mukt vilyamala mukt patradvare anudan dile. anudan sentala halavanyat aale. biil gola karnara mhanoon sthavar malmatta vyavasayat kaam jaijaykar juliachya chulat bhav harry bogssobat bhagidari karat lui punha yashasvi jhaala nahee aanee juliachya preranene bhagidari sampushtat aalee. augustmadhye, anudanane, tyache shikshan tyala nokarisathi patra tharavate asey manoon, county abhiyanta padasathi arj keela. tyachyakade pastis ullekhaneey shifarasi hotya, parantu heey padd rajkiy sanlagnatechya aadhare denyat aale hote aanee anudan mukt bhoomi aanee prajasattak county aayuktanni manjur kele hote kaaran teey tyanchya sasarchya lokshahi bhavnanshi sahmat hote asey manale jaat hote. 1856 chya adhyakshiy nivadanukit, grantne democratic james buchanan yanna tyanche pahile adhyakshiy matdan kele, nantar teey mhanale qee teey kharokharach republican johnn see. chya virodhat matdan karat hote. tyachya gulamgirivirodhi bhoomikemule dakshinekadil aliptata aanee yuddh hoil yaa chintemule aanee framontla too eka nirlajj swayam-pravartak manat hota.
april 1860 madhye, grant aanee tyache kutumb uttarela gallenala gele, aanee tyanni tyanchya vadilanchya chamadyachya vastoonchya vyavasayat, 'grant andd perkins' madhye, tyache lahan bhau simpson aanee orville chalvat hote. kahee mahinyant anudanane tyache karj fedale. kutumb sthanik paddhatvadi charchmadhye gele aanee tyanni lavkarach swatahla gallenacha eka pratishthit nagrik mhanoon sthapit kele. 1860 chya nivadanukisathi, teey eleanoyche kayadeshir rahivasi naslyamule matdan karoo shakale naheet, parantu tyanni democrat stephen aii. laa pasanti dilee. antim vijeta abraham linkenver douglus aanee dakshini democrat johnn see. varr linken. breakinridge. tyachya vadhatya gulamgirivirodhi drushtikonamadhye aanee tyachi patni kattar lokshahivadi rahili yaa vastusthitimadhye too fatalela hota.
nagri yuddh.
12 april 1861 roji, american yadavi yuddh suru jhaale jevha sanyukt sainyane dakshin carolinatil charleston yetheel phorta samatarvar hallah keela. hii batami gallenala dhakka denari tharali aanee grantne yuddhabaddalachya tyachya tyachya chinteche kaaran sangitale. 15 april roji linkanane 75,000 svayamsevakanna bolavale. taree divashi, grant sankatache moolyankan karnyasathi aanee bharatila protsahan denyasathi eka jaheer sabhela upasthit rahila aanee tyachya vadilanche vakeel johnn aaron rollins yanchya bhashanane grantchi deshbhakti usalali. ladhayala tayar, anudan samadhanane aathavato, "mea punha kadhihi aamchya chamadyachya dukanat gelo nahee."18 april roji, grant yanni taree bharati baithakiche adhyakshapad bhushavale, parantu navyane sthapan jhalelya lashkari companyche commander mhanoon captonche padd nakarle, aasha hotee qee tyacha purvicha anubhav tyala adhik varishtha lashkari padd midvinyat madat karel.
suruvatichya aadesh.
anudanane navyane niyukt karnyache suruvatiche prayatna mejar general george bii. yanni nakarle. mcclellan aanee brigadier general nathaniel leone. 29 april roji, congress sadasya elihu bii. eleanoychya washburn, grantla governor richard yetsasathi lashkari sahayyak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale aanee tyane eleanoychya sainyat daha tukadya jamvalya. 14 juuna roji, punha washburnchya madatine, anudanala curnell mhanoon padonnati denyat aalee aanee 21 vya eleanoychya aniyantrit svayamsevak payadal regimentcha prabhari nemanyat aala, jee tyane lavkarach suvyavastha aanee shist punarsanchayit kelee. curnell anudan aanee tyachya 21 vya regimentchi misaurimadhye, sangharajya sainyala hatavanyasathi badali karnyat aalee.
5 august roji washburnchya madatine anudan svayamsevakanchya brigadier generalchi niyukti karnyat aalee. mejar general johnn see. pashchimekadil union commander fremont yanni varishtha senapatinna mage takale aanee aagney misauri jilhyacha anudan commander niyukt keela. 2 september roji, curnell richard jeey. yanchya jaagi, grant kairo, eleanoy yethe pohochale aanee tyanni padbhar swikarla. oglasby, aanee mississippy aanee tenacy aanee comberland nadyanchya khalee mohimeche niyojan karnyasathi tyache mukhyalay sthapan kele. dakshin eleanoychya aarakhadyasah, columbus gheuun, federation paschim kentakimadhye sthalantar kelyanantar, anudan, framontla soochit kelyanantar aanee tyachya uttarachi aanakhi vaat naan pahata, 6 september roji ladhai naan karata paduka, kentkivar dhoranatmakaritya pudhe sarkat. linkenla kentakichya tatasthateche mahatva samajoon ghetalyanantar, anudanane aaplya nagarikanna aashvasan dile, "mea tumchyat tumcha shatru mhanoon navhe tarr tumcha mitra mhanoon aalo aahe."1 november roji, framontne misisipichya donhi bajunchya mahasanghanviruddha" "nidarshane" "karnyache aadesh dile, parantu tyala shatruvar hallah karnyas manai kelee".
bellmont (1861), forts heinry andd donnelson (1862).
2 november 1861 roji linkanane cape girardo, misauri yethe tall thokalelya sangharajya sainikanvar hallah karnyasathi anudan mukt karoon framontla kamandmadhun kadhoon takale. 5 november roji, brigadier general johnn aii. saha anudan. mcclernandney shikarichya thikani 2,500 sainikanna utaravale aanee 7 november roji belmontchya ladhait mahasanghanna guntavale. union sainyane chhawani tabyat ghetali, parantu brigadier general phrank chetham aanee jeey. gideon yanchya netrutvakhali prabalit mahasangh. ushimule astavyast sangharajyachi maghar ghenyas bhag padale. anudanala bellmont, misauri aanee kentki yaa donhi thikanchya sangharajyachya balekillyancha naash karayacha hota, parantu tyala purese sainya denyat aale nahee aanee too keval tyanchya sthananmadhye vyatyay aanoo shakala. grantchya sainyane tyanchya union botinkade parat jaanyacha marg ladha deela aanee columbus yetheel tatbandi asalelya balekillachya aagikhali carola parat pall kadhala. jaree anudan aanee tyache sainya mage hutley asale, taree yaa ladhaine tyachya svayamsevakanna atyant aavashyak aatmavishvas aanee anubhav deela. anudan haah ladhanyas tayar asalela senapati asalyachehi tyane linkenla dakhavun dile.
kolambasane khalchya misisipimadhye union pravesh rokhala. anudan aanee leftnunt curnell james bii. mcfersonney kolambasla mage takanyachi aanee 25,000 sainikanchya sainyasah tenacy nadivaril phorta henariviruddha pudhe jaanyachi yojana aakhali. tyanantar teey bandukichya botinchya madatine, comberland nadivaril phorta donelsonkade daha mail purvekade kooch kartil, donhi nadya ughadatil aanee unionla aanakhi dakshinekade pravesh deu shaktil. grantne misaurichya navyane tayar jhalelya vibhagatil tyacha naveen senapati heinry haleck yachyapudhe aapali yojana sadar kelee. haleck tyach dhoranacha vichar karat hota, parantu tyala duppat sainyachi garaj aahe asey manoon tyane anudan nakarle. tathapi, haleckney taradvare aanee yojnebaddal mcclellanshy sallamasalat kelyanantar, naudalache dhwaj adhikari andreau etch. yanchya jawalchya sahkaryane hallah keela jaeel yaa ativar too shevati sahmat jhaala. payathyashi. footechya ganbotinni phorta henarivar bombfake kelee, jyamule grantche payadal yenyapurvich 6 februwari 1862 roji tyanni aatmasamarpan kele.
tyanantar grantne comberland nadivar varchasva asalelya phorta donelsonver twarit hallah karnyache aadesh dile. phorta donalsonkade phorta henrichya ulat, grantchya sainyaitke sainya hote. chhavanichya samarthyabaddal anbhidnya, anudan, mcclairnand aanee smith yanni tyanche vibhag killyabhovati tainat kele. taree divashi mcclairnand aanee smith yanni swatantrapane kamkuvat jaganvar tapasache halle suru kele parantu tyanna mahasanghanni maghar ghenyas bhag padale. 14 februwari roji, footechya ganbotinni killyavar bombfake karnyas suruvat kelee, parantu tyanchya judd bandukanni tyancha pratikar keela. pudhakar tabyat ghet, taree divashi ushine grantchya mcclairnandchya vibhaganpaiki ekavar jordar hallah keela aanee tyala parabhoot kele. sanghachi atirikt sainyabal aalee, jyamule ekoon 40,000 hoon adhik sainikanche sainya midale. jevha mahasanghanni hallah keela tevha anudan chaar mail door hote. yuddhacha aavaj aikoon, grant parat aala aanee tyane aaplya sainyachya senapatinna ekatra aanale, gothalelya saat mailanhun adhik rastyanvar aanee khandkanvar swar houn, ahavalanchi devanghevan kelee. jevha anudanane nashville rasta adavala, tevha sangharajye phorta donelsonmadhye parat gelee. 16 februwari roji footene punha bombsfot suru keela, jyamule samanya hallyacha sanket midala. confederate general johnn bii. floyd aanee ushee paloon gele, aanee killyala sayman bolliver bucknerchya tabyat sodale, jyane grantchya "binshart aanee tatkal sharanagatichya" maganila sharanagati patkarali.
grantne sanghasathi pahila motha vijay midavala hota, floydchya 12,000 hoon adhik bandkhor sainyala tabyat ghetale hote. halekla raag aala hota qee grantne tyachya parvangishivay kaam kele aanee anudanavar "durlaksh aanee akaryakshamatecha" aarop karat mcclellankade takrar kelee. 3 march roji haleckney washingtonla eka taar pathavun takrar kelee qee tyacha eka aathvadyasathi anudanabarobar sampark nahee. teen divasannantar, haleckney eka postscript lihili jyat mhatale hote qee, "haah shabd majhyaparyant nuktach pohochala aahe... grantne tyachya (madyapan karnyachya) white savayi punha suru kelya aahet."linkanane, kahihi vichar naan karata, svayamsevakanchya pramukh generalna anudan denyas protsahan dile aanee uttarekadil prasarmadhyamanni anudanala nayak mhanoon manale. tyachya aadyaksharanchya ulatya aksharanni, tyanni tyala 'binshart samarpan anudan' asey sambodhale.
shiloh (1862) aanee tyanantarche parinam.
aata mothya sainyane gardi kelee asalyane, aanakhi eka pashchatya ladhai yuddh sampavu shakate assa vichar uttarekade mothya pramanavar keela jaat hota. linken aanee yuddh sachiv edwin stanton yanchya aagrahavarun haleckney punha bahal kelelya grantne phorta heinry sodale aanee tenesichya sainyasah tenesimadhye pudhe jaanyachya aadeshasah tyachya sainyat punha sameel honyasathi tenacy nadivar botine pravas keela. grantche mukhya sainya pitsberg landing yethe hote, tarr 40,000 sangharajya sainya misisipichya corinth yethe ekatra aale. brigadier general william tekamseh sherman yanni tyanche harit sainya hallyasathi tayar asalyache aashvasan dile. anudan tyanchya mulyankanasaha manya aanee wired haleck. grantla corrinth yetheel mahasanghavar hallah karayacha hota, parantu haleckney tyala mejar general donn carlos buel tyachya 25,000 tukadyasah yeiparyant hallah naan karnyache aadesh dile. darmyan, anudan sadharanpane samaan samarthyachya mahasangh sainyavar hallah karnyasathi tayar hote. tenacy nadee aanee ghubad khadee darmyan sanrakshanatmak kille tayar karnyaivaji aanee aagichi kshetre saaf karnyaivaji, tyanni tyancha bahutansh vel mothya pramanat ananubhavi sainikanna khodanyat ghalavala, tarr shermanne jawalchya mahasanghanchya batamya fetalalya.
unionchya nishkriyatemule buel yenyapurvi federationa pratham hallah karanyachi sandhee nirman jhaali. 6 april 1862 chya sakali, general albert sidney johnston aanee pii. jee. tii. beoregardne, shiloh charchjaval pratham "alpine himaskhalanasarkhe" dhadak dilee, grantchya sainyachya paach vibhaganvar hallah keela aanee tenacy nadikade gondhalalelya magharla bhag padale. johnston marla gela aanee beoregardver aadesh padala. eka sangharajyane nantar 'hornetche gharate' navachya thikani anek taas sangharajyacha hallah rokhala, jyamule pitsberg landingjaval tofkhana aanee 20,000 sainik ekatra karnyasathi anudan vel midala. sangharajyanni shevati sangh vibhag tabyat ghenyasathi hornutchya gharatyatun paar kele, parantu 'grantchya shevatchya olee' neey utaranyas bhag padale, tarr thakoon gelelya sangharajyanni, atirikt takadicha abhav asalyamule, tyanchi pragati thambavali.
tyaa divasachi ladhai mahagadi hotee, jyat hajaro lock mrutyumukhi padale hote. tyaa sandhyakali musaldhar paus padala. shermanla anudan pavasat eka zadakhali ekte ubhe asalyache aadhalale. "baram, manjur qaraa, aamhala tyacha saitanacha swatacha divas midala aahe, nahee qaa?"sherman mhanala. "hoow", anudanane uttar dile. "pann udya tyanna chaat."
mejar generals buel aanee lave wallachya vibhagantil 18,000 naveen sainikanni balkat kelelya anudanane taree divashi pahate pratihalla keela aanee maidan parat midavale, jyamule avyavasthit aanee nirash bandkhoranna korinthala parat jaanyas bhag padale. haleckney pitsberg landingpasoon eka divasapeksha jaast kaal kooch naan karnyache anudan denyache aadesh dile, jyamule sangharajya sainyacha pathlag thambla. jaree grantne ladhai jinkley asali taree paristhiti thodi badalali hotee, unionne pitsberg landing tabyat ghetale aanee federation punha ekada korinthmadhye adakale. anudan, aata dakshin ladhanyasathi drudhnishchay karat aahe aanee yuddh eka ladhaine jinkale jaanar nahee heey lakshat yetach, nantar lihito, "mug, kharokhar, mea sampoorn vijay vagalata sangh vachavanyachi serve kalpana sodali."
shiloh hii amerikechya itihasatil aataparyantchi sarvat mahagadi ladhai hotee aanee ekoon 23,746 mrutanni deshala hadaravun takale. mahasanghanna parabhoot kelyabaddal eka nayakache thodakyat kautuk kele, anudan lavkarach vadat sapadale. uttarekadil prasarmadhyamanni dhakkadayakaritya mothya pramanat jhalelya jivitahanisathi anudan dile aanee yuddhadarmyan daruchya nashet asalyacha tyachyavar aarop keela, jeey tyaa velee tyachyasobat asalelya asalelya aanee itaranchya vruttanviruddha hote. nirash houn, anudanane rajinama denyacha vichar keela parantu shermanne tyala tethe rahnyas sangitale. linkanane grantchya tikakaranna fetalat mhatale, "mea yaa mansala sodu shakat nahee; too ladhato."akheris, shiloh yetheel grantchya mahagadya vijayamule mississippy shainandoh mahasanghacha vijay honyachi kinwa pashchimemadhye tyacha dhoranatmak fayda parat midvanyachi konatihi sandhee sampushtat aalee.
haleck seent yethoon aala. 11 april roji luine satta ghetali aanee sumare 1,20,000 sainikanche sanyukt sainya ekatra kele. 29 april roji, tyane maidani kamandache anudan mukt kele aanee tyachya jaagi mejar general george heinry thomas yanchi niyukti kelee. haleckney haloohaloo tyachya sainyachi dhavpal karat, pratyek ratri corinth tabyat ghetale. darmyan, buregardne balkat karnyache natak kele, tyaa kathesah union aarmikade "paloon gelelya" lokanna pathavale aanee ratri aapale sainya baher kadhale, jevha haleck shevati 30 meey roji korinthala pohochala tevha tyala aashchary vatale.
haleckney aaplya sanyukt sainyachi vibhagani kelee aanee 11 julai roji tenanesichya sainyacha feeled commander mhanoon anudan bahal kele.
tyaa varshachya uttaradhat, 19 september roji, grantchya sainyane yukachya ladhait sangharajyanna parabhoot kele, nantar korinthacha yashasviritya bachav keela, jyamule mothya pramanat jivitahani jhaali. 25 aktoobar roji, anudanane tenancy jilhyachi kamaan sweekarli. novembermadhye, linkenchya prathamik mukti ghoshanenantar, tyanchya netrutvakhalil tukadyanna majee gulamanna union aarmimadhye samavisht karnyache, tyanna tyanchya sevesathi kapade, niwara aanee vetan denyache aadesh dile. anudanane jawaljawal 40,000 purushansah western tenacy aayojit kele.
wixberg moheem (1862-1863).
mississippy nadivaril shevatcha sangharajyacha balekilla asalelya wixbergcha sangharajyacha taba mahattvacha hota aanee tyamule sangharajyache done bhag hotil. matra, linkanane anudan kinwa shermanaivaji mcclairnandchi yaa kamasathi niyukti kelee. haleck, jyane sainya visthapanavar satta kayam thewali, tyane mcclernandla memphisla pathvanyacha aadesh deela aanee tyala aanee tyachya sainyala anudanachya adhikarakhali thewale. 13 november 1862 roji, grant yanni capture kelele hollie springs aanee karinthparyant pudhe gele. grantchi yojana dakshinekade jacksonkade kooch karanyachi aanee wixbergwar jaminivarun hallah karanyachi hotee, tarr sherman chikasau bayu yethoon wixbergwar hallah karel. tathapi, 11 aanee 20 december 1862 roji jhalelya sangharajya ghodadalanchya hallyanni sanghachi dalanvalan modali aanee holly springs punha tabyat ghetale, jyamule anudan aanee sherman yanna wixbergwar ekatra yenyapasoon rokhale gele. jyaa nagarikanni nishtheche natak kele hote aanee takrar kelee hotee, tyanni kelelya vidhvansache anudanane nirikshan keleh "chhapamar pratyek dishene firat aahet."29 december roji leftnunt general johnn see. yanchya netrutvakhalil eka sangharajya sainya. pembertonne shermanchya thet drushtikonacha pratikar keela aanee chikasau bayu yetheel wixbergla jaaun zep ghetali. mcclairnand shermanchya sainyaparyant pohochala, tyane satta sweekarli aanee swatantrapane anudan mohimeche netrutva kele jyane confederate phorta hindman tabyat ghetale.
pratibandhit farari african-american gulamanni grantchya jeelhyat shirkav keela, jyanna tyane uttarela kairola pathavale, shikagomadhye gharguti sevak mhanoon ladha" samajat samakalit karnyasathi. matra, eleanoychya rajkiy netyanni takrar kelyavar linkanane heey paul sampavale. tyachya swatachya pudhakarane, anudanane eka vyavharik karyakram suru keela aanee gulamanchya aashray karya shibiranche prashasana karnyasathi presbyterianche eka tarun padri johnn eaton yanna kamavar thewale. nuksan bharpai mhanoon pratibandhit mukt kelelya gulamancha vapar kapus uchalanyasathi keela jaat asey, joou uttarekade pathavala jaat asey aanee sangharajyachya yuddh prayatnansathi pathavala jaat asey. linkanane manjuri dilee aanee anudan shibiracha karyakram yashasvi jhaala. anudanane bipass kalwa aanee nadivaril itar bindunvar mukt krishnavarniy kamgaranna kaam karoon tyanna kendriya lashkar aanee naudalat samavisht kele.
grantchya yuddh yuddh uttarekadil kapus vyapar aanee nagri adthalyancha samna karane samavisht hote. kapasachi taskari mothya pramanat hott hotee, tarr kapasachya kimmati gaganala bhidalya hotya. unionche sainik shetat marat asatana, taskarine mahasanghala nidhi deela aanee tyanna lashkari gupt mahitee dilee, asey anudanala vatale. tyachya jilhyatil jyoo sattebajambaddalchya takrarinsah tyala anek pathvani prapt jhalya hotya. yaa vyaparamule tyache anek adhikari bhrasht hotil ashee bhitihi tyala hotee, jeey kapasachya gathivar napha kamavanyas utsuk hote, tarr bekaydeshir vyaparat guntalele bahusankhya jyoo navhate. dakshinekadil kapasache sone dile jaat asalyane santapt jhalelya anudanasathi kapus kharedi karnyasathi done parvane aavashyak hote, eka khajinyatoon aanee eka sangh sainyakadun.
17 december 1862 roji anudanane eka vadgrast samanya aadesh kra. 11, tyachya union armi lashkari jilhyatoon "jyoo lokanna, eka varg mhanoon" haddapar karane. hollie springs (17 december) aanee paduka (28 december) yethe yaa aadeshachi purnapane amalbajavani karnyat aalee. confederate general vanne dornay holly springswar (20 december) kelelya chhapyamule anek jyoo lokanna sambhavya haddapar honyapasoon rokhale. takrarinnantar, linkanane 3 janewari 1863 roji aadesh radd keela. anudanane akheris 17 janewari roji teen aathvadyanchya aat aadesh thambavala.
29 janewari 1863 roji anudanane sampoorn jababdari sweekarli. akheris, tyane wixbergchya bandukanna mage taknyasathi panyane bharalelya bhubhagatoon aapale sainya pudhe nenyacha prayatna keela. nadichya khalchya bhagatoon wixbergwar hallah karnyachya yojnet mothee jokhim hotee kaaran mississippy nadee olandalyanantar tyache sainya tyachya bahutansh puravatha marganchya aavakyabaher asel. 16 april roji, grantne nadichya paschim bajula dakshinekade kooch kelelya sainikanna bhetanyasathi vixbergchya vixbergchya golibarat budalelya edmiral david dixon porterchya ganbotila aadesh deela. grantne pembertonla gondhalat gondhalat aanee grantchya sainyala misisipichya palikade purvekade jaanyachi parvanagi dett, sainyala bruynesberg yethe utaravun, valatya ladhatinche aadesh dile. grantchya sainyane rajyachi rajdhani jackson tabyat ghetali. paschimekade vatchal karat, grantne 16 meey roji champian hilchya ladhait pembertonchya sainyala parabhoot kele, jyamule tyanna wixbergmadhye maghar ghenyas bhag padale. grantchya manasanni donada khandkavar hallah kelyanantar, tyanche mothe nuksan jhaale, teey saat aathvade vedha ghalanyasathi sthayik jhaale. mohimechya shant kalat, anudan prasangi madyapanasathi ghetale jaeel. mcclairnand aanee anudan yanchyatil vaiyaktik vair joparyant anudanane tyala aadeshatun kadhoon takale nahee toparyant chaloo rahile, jevha tyane parvangishivay aadesh prakashit karoon anudanache ullanghan kele. 4 julai 1863 roji pembertonne wixbergla anudan denyasathi sharanagati patkarali.
wixbergchya patnane union sainyala mississippy nadivar niyantran midale aanee sangharajya vibhajit jhaale. toparyant, grantchi rajkiy sahanubhooti purnapane kattarpanthi prajasattakanchya yuddhavaril aakramak khatala aanee gulamanchya muktishi julali hotee. wixbergmadhil yash heey sangharajyachya yuddh prayatnansathi manobal vadhavnare hote. jevha stantonne potomache sainya chalvanyasathi anudan purvela aananyachi soochana kelee, tevha tyala pashchimekadil bhoogol aanee sansadhane adhik changlya prakare maheet asalyache aanee purvekadil aadeshachi sakhali bighadvayachi nahee asey lihoon anudan nakarle.
chattanooga (1863) aanee padonnati.
linkanane niyamit sainyat mejar generalla (svayamsevakanchya ulat) anudan denyas protsahan dile aanee 16 aktoobar 1863 roji tyala misisipichya navyane sthapan jhalelya vibhagachi kamaan sopavali, jyat ohiyo, tenacy aanee comberlandchya sainyacha samavesh hota. chikamougachya yuddhanantar, comberlandche sainya chattanoogamadhye mage hutley, jithe tyanna anshatah vedha ghalanyat aala. wixberg teey kairo yaa botitoon pravas kelyanantar aanee nantar railwayne bridgeport, alabamaparyantchya pravasanantar anudan ghodyavar swar houn chattanooga yethe pohochale. shaharala punha puravatha karnyachya aanee anshatah vedha fodanyachya yojana tyachya aagmanapurvich payee tharvanyat aalya hotya. potomachya sainyakadun pathvanyat aalelya mejar general joseph hookarchya netrutvakhalil sainya pashchimekadun aale aanee shaharachya aatoon purvekade samajalya itar tukadyanshi jodale gele, braunchi pherii tabyat ghetali aanee bridgeportver relvemargasathi puravatha marg ughadala.
grantne comberlandchya sainyachya madatine, sharanarthinchya sainyane missionary parvataranganchya uttarekadil tokavar hallah karanyachi yojana aakhali, shatruchya ujavya bajula teey padanyachi tayari kelee. 23 november roji mejar general george heinry thomas yanni ughadya divasa shatrula aashcharyachakit kele, union resha pudhe vadhavalya aanee chattanooga aanee parvataranganchya darmyan baganchi ganthi ghetali. taree divashi, dharmpracharak parvataranganvar chadhanyache tyache dhyey sadhya karnyat sherman ayashasvi jhaala, jeey anudanchya yuddhachya yojanechi gurukilli hotee. hukarchya sainyane shatrula bajula thevanyasathi eka kushal yukti vaparoon anpekshit yash midvoon dongravar najar takali. 25 tarkhela, shermanche sainya ishanyekadun missionary parvatshreni tabyat ghenyat ayashasvi jhalyanantar, anudanane mejar general george heinry thomas yanna missionarychya babatit shermanla madat karnyachya prayatnat raifal-khaddyanparyant jaanyache aadesh dile. mejar general phillip sheridon aanee brigadier general thomas jeey. yanchya netrutvakhalil comberlandchya sainyache chaar vibhag, madhyabhagi done. lakudane, talavaril raifal-khaddyanmadhun sangharajyancha pathlag keela aanee aadeshachya virodhat, 45-ansh utaravar hallah suru thewala aanee shikharavaril sangharajyachi khandke tabyat ghetali, jyamule ghaighaine maghar ghyavi lagali. nirnayak ladhaine tensivar unionche niyantran dile aanee georgia yaa sangharajyachya madhyavarti bhagala union aakramanasathi khule kele. centmadhil eka krutadnya chahatyane 'cincinnati' yaa mothya sampoorn jaatichya ghodyala anudan dile. lui.
2 march 1864 roji linkanane leftnunt generalla anudan denyas protsahan dile aanee tyala serve union sainyachi kamaan dilee. grantcha naveen darja yapurvi keval george washington yanchyakade hota. anudan 8 march roji washingtonla pohochale aanee taree divashi linken yanni mantrimandalachya baithakit tyanna aupcharikpane niyukt kele. anudanane linkansobat changle kamkajache sambandh vikasit kele, jyane anudanala swatache dhoran tayar karanyachi parvanagi dilee.
grantne richardmandchya vayvyes asalelya kulpepar yethe general george meedechya potomachya sainyasah tyache mukhyalay sthapan kele aanee washingtonmadhye linken aanee stanton yanna saptahik bhetale. haleckchya nishedhanantar, grantne uttar carolinachi dhokadayak aakraman yojana radd kelee aanee paach aaghadyanvar paach samanvit union aakramananchi yojana sweekarli, tyamule sangharajya sainya antargat reshanvar sainya halavoo shakale nahee. grant aanee meede robbert eae. varr thet samorcha hallah kartil. leeche uttar varjiniyache sainya, tarr sherman-aata pashchatya sainyacha pramukh-joseph eae. chaa naash karnar hota. johnstonche tenasiche sainya aanee atalanta tabyat ghya. mejar general benjamin butler aagney dishela james nadichya varr livaroon pudhe jaeel, tarr mejar general nathanielche kinare bhramandhvani pakadatil. pramukh general franz sigel heey supic shenandoh shenandoh dhanye aanee railway marg tabyat ghenyache hote.
anudanane aata athara mailanchya aaghadivar pasarlelya ekoon 533,000 yuddh-sajj sainyachi kamaan sambhalali, tarr mahasanghane ladhait anek adhikari gamavale hote aanee tyanna badali shodhanyat mothee adchan aalee hotee. teey lokpriy hote aanee varshachya suruvatila sangharajyacha vijay jhalyas tyanchi adhyakshapadasathichi umedvari houu shakate ashee charcha hotee. anudanala afavanchi jaaniv hotee, parantu tyane rajkiy umedvari nakarli hotee; yuddhbhumivar vilamb jhalyas hii shakyata lavkarach nahishi hoil.
jaminivaril moheem (1864).
meey aanee juuna 1864 darmyan vharjiniyamadhye saat aathvade ladhalya gelelya kroor ladhayanchi malika hii jaminivaril moheem hotee. sigel aanee butler yanche prayatna ayashasvi jhaale aanee leashy ladhanyasathi anudan ektech sodale gele. budhwari, 4 meey roji sakali, purn ganvesh paridhan kelelya, tyachya bajula asalelya talvarine, grantne sainyala kulpepar yetheel tyachya mukhyalayatun germanychya fordchya dishene nele. tyanni rapidan vinaadthala paar kele, tarr chaar pantoon pulanvar puravatha keela jaat hota. 5 meey roji, union sainyane valvantat leaver hallah keela, teen divasanchya ladhait 17,666 union aanee 11,125 confederate andaje nuksan jhaale.
maghar ghenyaivaji, leechya sainyala aagney dishela pathva aanee spotsylvania court hausmadhye lii aanee richmond yanchyat tyachya sainyachi fatafat karnyacha prayatna qaraa. leeche sainya pratham spotlinvaniala pohochale aanee tyanantar tera divas chalali aanee eka mahagadi ladhai jhaali, jyat mothya pramanat jivitahani jhaali. 12 meey roji, grantne sangharajya tofkhanyane sanrakshit kelelya leechya 'mulshu' chya mukhya bhagatoon baher padanyacha prayatna keela, parinami yadavi yuddhachya sarvat raktaranjit hallyanpaiki eka jhaala, jyala raktaranjit coone mhanoon olakhale jaate. leechya seema modanyat asamarth, grantne punha bandkhoranna aagney dishela bajula kele, uttar annah yethe bhetale, jithe teen divas ladhai jhaali.
thund bandar.
grantcha assa vishvas hota qee leechya sarvat kamkuvat binduvar, colled harber, jeey richmondshee jodalele eka mahattvache rastyache kendra aahe, teey olandane mhanje leechya sainyacha naash karane, richmondcha taba ghene aanee bandacha twarit ant karane. grantchi done pathake aadhich thund bandaravar hotee aanee hancockchi pathake vatet hotee. alikadil raktaranjit valvant mohimemule sangharajyache manobal gambhirpane qamee jhaale hote aanee tyamule anudan aata punha ekada leechya sainyavar pudhe jaanyas tayar hote.
leechya resha richmond aanee pietersbergchya uttar aanee purvela andaje daha mail vistarlya gelya hotya, parantu asey anek bindu hote jethe adyap kille bandhale gele navhate aanee sheet bandar tyapaiki eka hote. 1 aanee 2 juuna roji anudan aanee lii heey donhi ajunahi atirikt sainya yenyachya pratikshet hote. hancockchya lokanni ratrabhar morcha kadhala hota aanee tyaa divashi sakali tatkal hallyasathi khoop thakalele aale hote. anudanane purushanna vishranti denyas sahmati darshavali aanee hallah sandhyakali 5 vajeparyant pudhe dhakalala.emm.aanee punha pahate 4.30 paryant.emm. tathapi, 3 juuna roji, anudan aanee meede yanni hallyasathi vishisht aadesh dile naheet, teey confederate reshanvar kuthe samanvay sadhatil aanee hallah kartil heey tharvane corps kamandaranvar sodale, kaaran konatyahi varishtha commanderne adyap navintam confederate ghadamodinvar punha laksh dilele navhate. sheet bandarat bhang karnyacha konatahi prayatna hanoon padnyasathi leene ratrabhar ghaighaine khandak bandhali hotee heey anudanala adyap kalale navhate. grantne donada hallah karane pudhe dhakalale hote aanee leeche urvarit sainya yenyapurvich too aapali halchal karnyas utsuk hota. 3 junachya sakali, tera divasanchya ladhaichya aahe divashi, 1,00,000 hoon adhik sainikanchya sainyasah, leechya 59,000 sainyachya virodhat, leeche sainya aata changle rujalele aahe heey lakshat naan yeta, tyacha barachsa bhag zaadan aanee zudupanni jhakalela aahe heey lakshat naan gheta, grant hallah keela. grantchya sainyala 12,000-14,000 jivitahani jhaali, tarr leechya sainyala 3,000-5,000 jivitahani jhaali, parantu lii tyanna badaloo shakala nahee.
mrutanchi abhootpurv sankhya serve babinmule dhakkadayak hotee aanee uttarekade yuddhavirodhi bhavna vadhali hotee. yuddh anudananantar, pratyek bajukadoon tyanchya jakhaminna, tyapaiki bahutek sangh sainikanna gola karnyasathi ladha" zendyakhali leela aavahan karayache hote, parantu leene sampoorn yuddhaviram lagoo karnyacha aagrah dharala aanee teey charcha karat asatana kahee jakhaminvyatirikt sarvancha shetat mrutyu jhaala. aaplya adhikrut lashkari ahavalatil vinashkari parabhavachi maafee naan magata, yuddhanantar grantne aaplya lashkari vishvas thewala aanee anek varshannantar aaplya aatmacharitranmadhye lihile qee, sheet bandaravaril shevatcha hallah kadhee jhaala yabaddal tyala khed aahe."
pietersbergla vedha (1864-1865).
leene naan olakhata, grantne tyache sainya james nadichya dakshinekade halavale, butlerla bermuda shambhar pasoon mukt kele aanee virginiachya madhya railway kendra asalelya pietersbergchya dishene pudhe gele. beoregardne pietersbergcha bachav keela aanee leechya anubhavi sainyadalanche 18 juuna roji aagman jhaale, parinami nauu mahinyancha vedha lagla. uttarekadil asantosh vadhala. sheridanla shainandohchya sangh sainyachi kamaan sopavanyat aalee aanee anudanane tyala shainandoh shainandoh 'shatruchya mrutyuparyant tyacha pathlag karnyache' nirdesh dile. jevha sheridanvar johnn ess. chey halle jhaale. mosbichya aniyamit sangharajya ghodadalane, grantne tyanchya kutumbiyanna phorta matchenry yethe turungvasasathi bund karanyachi shifaras kelee. pietersberg tabyat ghenyacha grantcha ayashasvi prayatna jhalyanantar, linkanane chaloo thevanyachya tyachya nirnayat anudanala pathimba deela aanee lashkarachya sthitiche moolyankan karnyasathi aanee anudan aanee naudal kulgurunna bhetanyasathi 21 juuna roji ciity point yetheel anudan mukhyalayala bhet dilee. linken nighun jaiparyant anudanachi tyanchi kadar vadhali hotee.
velevar kshamata anudan deuun leaver hallah karane, jeey sansadhane lagech upalabdh hotee tyancha vapar karnyas bhag padale gele aanee tee divasaganik qamee hott gelee. shenandoh shenandoh aanee jeey potomac nadee aanee washingtonchya dhokadaykaritya jawal yet hote, tyaa confederate general jubalchya chhapyanna lavkar rokhanyasathi anudanala atyant aavashyak sainya tainat karave lagale. julaichya akheris, pietersberg yethe, grantne anek tunn barudne bharalelya bogdyatoon shatruchya khandakancha kahee bhag udavanyachya yojanela anichhene manjuri dilee. yaa prachand sphotamule 170 phoot chaukon aanee 30 phoot khol eka khadda tayar jhaala, jyat eka kshanat sampoorn sangharajya regimentcha mrutyu jhaala. mejar general embrose bernside aanee brigadier general james etch yanchya netrutvakhalil sangh sainyachya kharab netrutvakhali. ledaline, khaddyala vedhanyaivaji, pudhe dhaav ghetali aanee thet tyat otale, jee mothya pramanavar chook manali jaat hotee. yaa aashcharyatun savarat, mejar general william mahone yanchya netrutvakhalil mahasanghanni khadda vedha ghatala aanee tyateel union sainya sahajpane uchalale. sangharajyachya 3,500 mrutanchi sankhya 'teen teey eka' neey mahasanghachya tulanet jaast hotee. yaa ladhaine pahilyandach chinhankit kele qee union black sainya, jyanni mothya pramanat jivitahani sahan kelee, teey purvekadil konatyahi mothya ladhait guntale. anudanane kabool kele qee ekoon khankam heey eka "aashcharyakarak apayash" hote.
anudan nantar linkenla bhetel aanee general bernside aanee ledley yanchyaviruddha tyanchya asamarthatebaddal chaukashi nyayalayat saksh deil. aaplya aatmacharitranmadhye, tyanni tyaa vinashkari sangh parabhavasathi tyaa doghannahi doshi tharavale. sheet bandarat kelyapramane sampoorn samoril hallyat leashy ladhanyaivaji, grantne leela pietersbergchya dakshin aanee paschimela tyache sanrakshn vadhavanyas bhag padane suru thewale, jyamule tyala aavashyak railwaymarg duve midvane adhik changle jhaale.
union sainyane lavkarach firata upasagar aanee etalanta tabyat ghetale aanee aata shenandoh shenandoh niyantran midavale, jyamule novembermadhye linkenchi punha nivadanuk sunishchit jhaali. shermanne grant aanee linkenla savana yethe kooch karnyasathi aapale sainya pathvanyasathi patvoon dile. shermanne vinashacha 60 mailancha marg binvirodh kapla, atlantic mahasagarat pohochala aanee 22 december roji savana tabyat ghetala. 16 december roji, anudanadvare khoop protsahan dilyanantar, thomaschya netrutvakhalil union sainyane nashville yethe johnn bail hoodchya sangharajya sainyacha padav keela. yaa mohimanmule leechya sainyane pietersberg yethe unionchya vijayat ekmev mahattvacha adthala mhanoon sodale.
march 1865 paryant, lii adakala hota, grantne leachy takad gambhirpane kamkuvat kelee hotee, tyachya resha 35 mailanparyant vadhavalya hotya. mahasanghachya sainikanna tyanchya senapativar aata vishvas rahila nahee, hajaro lokanni lii sodoon, upashi rahoon aanee khandak yuddhachya dabavakhali. 25 march roji, eka hatash prayatna mhanoon, leene tyachya urvarit sainyacha (4,000 see. ess. aii. mrut), union vijay, phorta steadman yethe balee deela aanee pietersberg reshevaril shevatchi ladhai manali. grant, sherman, porter aanee linken yanni leechya sanyugachya ksheen jhalelya sainyachya sharanagativar aanee 28 march roji dakshinechya punarachanevar charcha karnyasathi eka parishad ghetali.
lii aanee vijay (1865) yanna parabhoot kele.
2 april roji, grantne leechya tall thokalelya ksheen jhalelya sainyavar samanya hallah karnyache aadesh dile. leene pietersberg aanee richmond sodoon dile, tarr grantchya vijayi union sainyane sahajpane pietersberg tabyat ghetale aanee taree divashi richmandla tabyat ghetale. eka hatash lii, aanee tyachya sainyacha kahee bhag kapoon paloon gela, tyane joseph eechya avasheshanshi sampark sadhanyacha prayatna keela. johnstonche parabhoot sainya. matra, sheridonchya ghodadalane donhi sainya ekatra yenyapasoon rokhale aanee tyanna tyanchya puravatha gadyanpasoon door kele. leela tyacha shevatcha pathvani pathvanyachi jababdari tyachya sahayyak orville babcockwar sopavanyapurvi grant leashy samparkat hota, jyane leechya nivadichya baithakichya thikani tyala nenyachya soochanansah tyachya sharanagatichi magani kelee. grant lagech leechya sainyala bajula sarat paschimekade nighala, jyane sheridonla sameel honyasathi jyane apomatox sthanak tabyat ghetale hote, jyamule leecha palayan marg adavala gela. vatet, leene pathavalele patra grantla midale jyat lii aaplya sainyala sharan jaeel ashee mahitee denyat aalee hotee.
9 april roji, grant aanee lii heey apomatox court hausmadhye bhetale. prastavit baithakichya anudanababat leecha sandesh midalyavar anand jhaala hota. itakya dirghkal aanee shoorpane ladhalelya shatruchya" patnane jaree grantla nairashya aale asale, taree dakshinekadil kaaran heey "jyaa lokansathi aataparyant ladhale gele aahe tyapaiki sarvat white hote" asey tyanche mutt hote."meksikotil tyanchya junya divasambaddal thodakyat charcha kelyanantar, grantne sharanagatichya atty lihilya. purush aanee aanee parol dilee jaanar hotee, parantu yavyatirikt mafihi hotih "pratyek adhikari aanee vyaktila tyachya gharee paratanyachi parvanagi dilee jaeel, jenekarun tumhi tras deu nakaa.ess. joparyant teey tyanche parol aanee teey jithe rahoo shakatat tethe lagoo asalelya kayadyanche palan karatat toparyant adhikar."lii yanni anudan atty twarit swikarlya aanee mahasanghala konatyahi rajnaitik manyata naan deta, samarpan dastaivajavar swakshari kelee. parabhoot leene nantar tyachya majee sangharajya sainyane tyanche ghode rakhanyasathi anudan magitale. leechya vinantila udarpane parvanagi dya. grantne aaplya sainyala serve utsav thambavanyache aadesh dile, asey mhanat qee "yuddh sampale aahe; bandkhor punha aapale deshbandhani aahet."johnstonchya tenacy sainyane 26 april 1865 roji, richard tellerchya alabama sainyane 4 meey roji aanee kirbi smithchya texas sainyane 26 meey roji aatmasamarpan karoon yuddh sampavale.
linkenchi hatya.
14 april 1865 roji, apomatox yethe grantchya vijayanantar paach divasanni, teey washington yethe mantrimandalachya baithakila upasthit rahile. linkanane tyala aanee tyachi patni juliala fordchya natyagruhat yenyache aamantran dile, parantu tyanni nakar deela, kaaran burlington yetheel tyanchya gharee jaanyachi tyanchi yojana hotee. union padnyachya shevatchya prayatnat kaibinetchya varishtha sadasyannahi lakshya jaijaykar katat, linkenla johnn wilkschya boothney natyagruhat golya ghaloon thaar kele aanee taree divashi sakali tyacha mrutyu jhaala. swatah anudanasah anekanna vatale qee, anudan, haah yaa katatil eka lakshya hota aanee tyanantarchya khatalyachya velee, sarkarne heey siddha karnyacha prayatna keela qee boothcha katkar michael oo 'laflan yane anudan mage ghetale hote.
stantonne rashtrapatinchya mrutyuchi mahitee dilee aanee tyanna washingtonla parat bolavale. upadhyaksh andreau johnson yanni 15 april roji adhyaksh mhanoon shapath ghetali. 19 april roji linkenchya antyavidhila upasthit rahoon, grant ekte ubhe rahile aanee ughadpane rudley; nantar teey mhanale qee linken haah "mallah mahit asalela sarvat mahan manus" hota. anudan johnsonsobat kaam karnyacha nirdhar karat hote aanee tyanni khajgiritya naveen adhyakshanchya sarkar chalavanyachya kshamatebaddal 'aasha balganyache serve kaaran' tyachya junya vahinimadhye vyakt kele.
commanding general.
yuddhachya shevati, anudan lashkarache senapati rahile, jyat meksikomadhil maximilian aanee french sainikanshi vyavhar karane, purvichya sangharajya rajyanmadhye punarrachanechi amalbajavani aanee paschim maidani bhagatil bharatiy yuddhanche paryavekshan karane yancha samavesh hota. sainyachya bhavya aadhavyanantar, lii aanee tyachya senapatinvar vharjiniyamadhye deshdrohacha aarop thevanyat aala. johnsonne tyanchyavar khatala chalavanyachi magani kelee, parantu grantne tyachya apomatox maficha hawala dett tyanchyavar khatala naan chalavanyacha aagrah dharala. johnson mage hutla, tyamule lii yanchyavirodhatil aarop mage ghenyat aale. grantne 1865 madhye geortaunchya unchivar tyachya kutumbasathi eka ghar surakshit kele parantu elihu washburnla sangitale qee rajkiy karanansathi tyache kayadeshir nivassthan gallena, eleanoy yethe rahile. tyach varshi, johnsonchya adhyakshapadachya samarthanarth newyorkmadheel cooper unionmadhye grant bolale. tyaa unhalyatil pudhil pravasamule, utsahpurn swagatasah, anudan albany, newyork, gallena yethe parat gele aanee sampoorn eleanoy aanee ohayomadhye midale. 25 julai 1866 roji congressne amerikechya sainyachya navyane tayar kelelya general padasathi anudanala protsahan dile.
dakshinecha pravas.
adhyaksh johnson yanchya punarrachana dhoranat majee mahasangh congressmadhye lavkar parat yene, dakshinet goryanna punha padavar aanane aanee krishnavarniy lokanna duyyam darjache nagrikatva dene yancha samavesh hota. 27 november 1865 roji, senator carl shurz yanchya pralambit asalelya qamee anukool ahavalacha pratikar karnyasathi, johnsonne dakshinekade vastusthiti shodh mohimevar pathavalelya general grantne washington sodale, jyat dakshinatil goryanna uttarekadil naraji aahe aanee krishnavarniy lokanna hinsachar aanee fasavanukicha tras hott asalyache mhatale hote. grantne friedman beuro suru thevanyachi shifaras kelee, jyala johnsonne virodh keela, parantu kalya sainyacha vapar naan karnyacha sallah deela, jyamule tyanna asey vatale qee shetee kamgaranna paryay mhanoon protsahan midale. anudanala asey vatale nahee qee dakshinetil lock swa-rajyasathi tayar aahet aanee dakshinetil pandhare aanee kaale asha donhi lokanna sanghiy sarkarkadoon sanrakshn aavashyak aahe. yuddhamule nagri nagri aadar qamee jhaala, yaa chintene, anudanacha vapar suvyavastha rakhanyasathi sainyacha vapar karane suru thewale. dakshinela dilelya grantchya ahwalala, joou tyanni nantar mage ghetala, johnsonchya puranmatvadi punarrachana dhoranambaddal sahanubhooti hotee. jaree anudanane purvichya mahasanghanna congressmadhye parat karanyachi ichcha vyakt kelee asali, taree tyanni shevati krishnavarniy nagrikatvache samarthan kele. 19 december roji, cinetmadhye teravi durusti manjur jhalyanantarchya divashi, johnsonchya pratisadat shoorzcha antim ahwal aanee johnsonchya dhorananvaril kattar virodh kamkuvat karnyasathi, senetala mothyane vachanyat aalelya grantchya ahavalacha vapar keela gela.
johnsonpasoon door jaa.
johnson prashasanapasun deshala "ghabaranyache kahee nahee", asey samadhan vatat asalyache sangat, grant suruvatila johnsonbaddal aashavadi hote. vegvegalya shaili asoonahi, anudan johnsonshey sauhardpurnapane julale aanee punarrachaneshi sambandhit mantrimandal baithakanmadhye upasthit rahile. februwari 1866 paryant heey naate tutu lagale. avishvasu sampadkiyansathi grantne 'richmond parikshak' bund karnyas aanee 1866 chya nagri haqq kayadyachi amalbajavani karnyas johnsonne virodh keela, joou johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar manjur jhaala. anudanachya lokpriyatechi garaj bhasalyane, johnsonne tyachya 'vartulbhar firane' yaa jaagtik anudan ghetale, joou dakshinekade udar dhoranansathi rashtriy pathimba midvanyacha ayashasvi prayatna hota. anudanane khajgiritya johnsonchya bhashananche 'rashtriy upman' mhanoon varnan kele aanee too daura lavkar sodoon gela. 2 march 1867 roji, johnsonchya nakaradhikaravar maat karat, congressne teen punarrachana kayadyanpaiki pahile manjur kele, dhoran lagoo karnyasathi lashkari lashkari vapar keela. anudan sanrakshn, congressne lashkari kayadyachi aadnya manjur kelee, tyala hatvane kinwa sthalantar karane rokhale aanee johnsonla anudanadvare aadesh denyas bhag padale.
august 1867 madhye, karyalay kayadyacha karyakal vagaloon, johnsonne sinetchya manjurishivay yuddh sachiv stantonla kamavarun kadhoon takale aanee yuddh sachiv mhanoon 'anudan aanee antarim' niyukti kelee. kattarpanthi lokanshi maitripurna asalela stanton haah ekmev urvarit mantrimandal sadasya hota. jaree anudanane suruvatila stantonla barkhast naan karanyachi shifaras kelee asali taree, sainyane punarrachanemadhye adthala adthala puranmatvadi niyuktichya adheen yave ashee ichcha naan balgata anudanane heey padd sweekarle aanee johnsonsobat aswasth bhagidari vyavasthapit kelee. december 1867 madhye, congressne stantonla kayam thevanyasathi matdan kele, jyala synet samiteene shukravari, 10 janewari 1868 roji punha niyukt kele. grantne johnsonla sangitale qee dand aanee turungwas talhanyasathi too padacha rajinama denar aahe. kayada ulthavoon takala jaeel assa vishvas asalelya johnsonne sangitale qee too anudanachi kayadeshir jababdari sweekarel aanee anudanachi aathvan karoon dilee qee yogya badali mileparyant tyane aaplya rajinamyala vilamb karnyache vachan dile hote. pudhil somwari, kayada ulathanyachi pratiksha karnyas tayar naan hota, anudanane karyalay stantankade sopavale, jyamule johnsonshey gondhal nirman jhaala. aaplya mantrimandalachya sampoorn pathimbyane, johnsonne eka vadali mantrimandal baithakit anudanavar khote aanee "dwait" asalyacha aarop keela, tarr dhakka basalelya aanee nirash anudanala vatale qee khote bolanare johnsonch hote. grant aanee johnson yanchyatil santapt sandeshanchya prakashanamule doghanmadhye sampoorn break lagla. yaa vadamule johnsonver mahabhiyog aanee cinetmadhye khatala chalavala gela. johnsonla eka matane padavarun hatavanyapasun vachavanyat aale. kattarpanthi prajasattakanmadhye grantchi lokpriyata vadhali aanee adhyakshapadasathi tyache namankan nishchit asalyache disun aale.
1868 chya nivadanuka.
1868 madhye shikago yethe jhalelya prajasattak pakshachya rashtriy adhiveshanat jevha republican pakshachi baithak jhaali, tevha pratinidhinni ekmatane adhyakshapadasathi anudan aanee upadhyakshapadasathi sabhagruhache adhyaksh scular coalfax yanna namnirdeshit kele. jaree anudanane sainyat rahnyas pradhanya dile asale taree, deshache ekikaran karoo shakanara ekmev manus aapanach aahot assa vishvas thevun tyane prajasattak namnirdeshan sweekarle. prajasattakanni "sarvansathi samaan nagri aanee rajkiy adhikar" aanee african american matadhikarasathi samarthan kele. democratsney johnsonla sodoon, newyorkche majee governor horatio semore yanna adhyakshapadasathi aanee francis pii. uparashtrapatipadasathi misaurichi khilli. democratsney african american lokanchya matadhikarala virodh keela aanee majee sangharajya rajyanna sangharajyat twarit punarsanchayit karnyache aanee "mageel serve rajkiy gunhyanpasoon" maafee denyache samarthan kele.
mohimedarmyan anudanane konatihi ughad bhoomika bajavali nahee aanee tyaeivaji tyaa unhalyat paschim paschim sherman aanee sheridon sameel jhaale. matra, prajasattakanni tyanche 'chala shantata prasthapit karuya' heey shabd tyanchya prachar mohimecha naara mhanoon sweekarle. anudan 1862 chaa samanya aadesh kra. 11 haah rashtrapatipadachya pracharadarmyan eka muddah banala; tyane yaa aadeshapasun swatahla door thevanyacha prayatna keela, asey mhanat qee "mallah panth kinwa vanshaviruddha konatahi purvagrah nahee, parantu pratyek vyakticha tyachya swatachya gunavattenusar nyay vhava ashee majhi ichcha aahe."lokshahivadi aanee tyanchya clan samarthakanni pramukhyane punarrachana sampavane, krishnavarniy lokanna aanee prajasattakanna dhamkavane aanee dakshinevaril niyantran shvetvarniy lokshahivadi aanee shetkari vargakade parat karane, uttarekadil yuddh lokshahivadi door karane yavar laksh kendrit kele. yache eka udaharan mhanje republican congress sadasya james emm. yanchi hatya. aktoobar 1868 madhye eka clansmanne arkansasmadhye hinds kele, kaaran hindsney anudanasathi moheem rabavali. grantne takalelya 5,716,082 matanpaiki 300,000 matanni lokpriy mutt jinkale, simorchya 80 chya tulanet 214 matanni electoral college bhuskhalan prapt kele. seamorela ladha" matdaranche bahumat midale, parantu anudanala kalya lokanni takalelya 500,000 matanni madat kelee, jyamule tyala 52.7 takke lokpriy matey midali. pramukhyane african-american matdaranviruddhachya kuu clucks clan hinsacharamule too louisiana aanee georgia gamavala. vayachya 46 vya varshi, anudan heey aataparyant nivadoon aalele sarvat tarun adhyaksh hote aanee deshane gulamgirivar bandee ghatalyanantarche pahile adhyaksh hote.
adhyakshapad (1869-1877).
4 march 1869 roji, mukhya nyayadhish salmon pii. yanni anudanala united statesche atharavya adhyaksh mhanoon shapath dilee. pathlag. tyachya udghatanpar bhashanat, grantne pandharavya durustila manyata denyache aavahan kele, tarr mothya sankhyene african american tyachya udghatanala upasthit hote. tyanni gruhyuddhadarmyan jaaree kelelya rokhyanche paise sonyat dyave, asey aavahan kele, sthanik american lokanna "yogya vaganuk" denyache aavahan kele aanee tyanchya "sanskruti aanee antim nagrikatva" laa protsahan dile.
anudanamule teeka aanee manjuri yaa donhi goshti nirman jhalya. tyane elihu bii. chee niyukti kelee. washburn secretory auph steet aanee johnn aii. rollinsche yuddh sachiv. washburney rajinama deela aanee grantne tyala francemadhye mantri mhanoon niyukt kele. tyanantar grant yanchi newyorkche majee sinetara hamilton yanchi rajya sachiv mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. rollinscha padavar asatana mrutyu jhaala aanee anudanane william doubleu. belcanap yuddh sachiv. anudan yanni newyorkcha vyapari alekzandar tii. treasuryche karbhari sachiv, parantu karbhari 1789 chya kayadyanusar padd dharan karnyasathi kayadeshiraritya apatra asalyache aadhalun aale. tyanantar grant yanchi massatusets pratinidhi mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. boutwell treasurycha sachiv. filadelfiyacha vyapari edolph eae. boorii yanchi naudalache sachiv mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, parantu nokri tanavpurn asalyache lakshat aale aanee tyanni rajinama deela. tyanantar grant yanchi nyu jarsiche mahadhivakta, george emm. yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. robeson, naudalache sachiv. ohayoche majee governor jacob dii. cocks (antargat), marylandche majee sinetara johnn cresswell (postmaster-general) aanee ebenezer rockwood hoar (mahadhivakta) yanni mantrimandalala gherale.
anudanane shermanla tyachya jaagi general-inn-chief mhanoon niyukt kele aanee tyala yuddh beuro pramukhanvar niyantran dile. jevha rollinne yuddh vibhag tabyat ghetala tevha tyane shermanla jaast adhikar denyat aale asalyachi takrar kelee. anudanane anichhene tyacha swatacha aadesh radd keela, jyamule sherman aswasth jhaala aanee tyanchya yuddhakalin maitriche nuksan jhaale. james longstreet, eka majee mahasanghache general, jyanni anudan namankanache samarthan kele hote, tyanna nyu orleans bandarachya simashulkanchya sarvekshak padasathi namankit karnyat aale hote; heey serve samanya aashcharyane purn jhaale aanee uttar aanee dakshin ekatra aananyacha eka kharaa prayatna mhanoon pahile gele. march 1872 madhye, anudanane kayadyavar swakshari kelee jyamule yelostone rashtriy udyan, pahile rashtriy udyan sthapan jhaale. anudan heey mahilanchya hakkambaddal sahanubhootipurn hote; jyat mahila matadhikarala pathimba dene samavisht hote, asey mhanat qee tyala "serve nagarikanna samaan adhikar" havey aahet.
tyachya kukhyat samanya aadesh kra. 11, anudanane 50 hoon adhik jyoo lokanna federal karyalayat niyukt kele, jyat vanijya doot, jilha vakeel aanee up postmaster yancha samavesh aahe. tyane edward ess. yanchi niyukti kelee. washingtoncha salomon pradeshik governor, pahilyandach ekhadya american jyoo vyaktine governorchya jagevar kabja keela. anudan chhalalya gelelya jyoo lokanchya durdashebaddal sahanubhootishil hote. november 1869 madhye, russian zaar alekzandar dusra yane 2,000 jyoo kutumbanna taskarisathi tyanna deshachya antargat bhagat haddapar karoon dand thothavalyache vrutt samore aale. tyala pratisad mhanoon, grantne zarchya virodhat jyoo american 'binai breath' yachikeche sarvajanik samarthan kele. december 1869 madhye, grantne tethil jyoo lokanna "tivra dadapshahi" pasoon vachavanyasathi, romniyamadhye vanijyadut mhanoon eka jyoo patrakarachi niyukti kelee.
1875 madhye, anudanane eka ghatanatmak durusti prastavit kelee jyamule sarvajanik shalanmadhil dharmik upadesh maryadit jhaala. dharmik, nastik kinwa murtipujak tattvanchya" shikshanavar bandee ghalanyat yeil, tarr "konatyahi dharmik panthachya kinwa panthachya pratyaksh kinwa apratyaksh fayadhyasathi kinwa madatisathi" nidhi denyas bandee asel. shaala serve mulansathi asateel, mug tee ling, rung, janmasthan kinwa dharmachi parva naan karata. anudanachi matey blain durustimadhye samavisht karnyat aalee hotee, parantu sinetane tyancha parabhav keela.
aktoobar 1871 madhye, mauril kayadyantargat, federal marshalcha vapar karoon, anudanane shekado utah territory morman bahupatnitvavadyanna pakadale aanee tyanchyavar khatala chalavala, jyat morman neta brigham young, jyavar "lampat aanee kamuk sahvas" sathee aarop thevanyat aala hota. grantne bahupatnitwala 'shalinata aanee naitikateviruddhacha gunha' mhatale hote. 1874 madhye, anudanane polland kayadyavar swakshari kelee, jyane morman bahupatnitvavadyanna yuu. ess. madhye khatalyachya adheen kele.ess. jilha nyayalaye aanee juriever maryadit morman.
march 1873 pasoon, comstock kayadyantargat, garbhpat garbhpat, anaitik aanee ashleel ashleel lekhakanchya madhyamatoon, dandachi karvai kelee. khatala chalvanyasathi, eka prakhar virodhi virodhi karyakarte aanee sudharak anthany comstock yanna prabhari mhanoon niyukt qaraa. comstockne eka federal aayogache netrutva kele aanee ashleel sahitya japt aanee nasht karnyacha aanee kayadyachya gunhegaranna atak warrant denyacha adhikar tyala denyat aala.
punarrachana.
african american lokanchya durdashebaddal chintit asalele anudan heey eka prabhavi nagri hakkanche adhyaksh manale jaat hote. 18 march 1869 roji, washington dii. yethe, krishnavarniy lokanna nyaymandalanmadhye kaam karnyasathi aanee padd dharan karnyasathi samaan adhikar kayadyat swakshari karnyat aalee.see.aanee 1870 madhye tyanni paradeshi krishnavarniy lokanna nagrikatva paise naisargikkaran kayadyavar swakshari kelee. tyanchya pahilya karyakalat punarbandhanila pradhanya denyat aale. prajasattak-niyantrit congress, uttarekadil paisa aanee dakshinekadil lashkari tabyat asalelya bahutansh dakshinekadil rajyanvar prajasattakanche niyantran hote. anudanane pandharavya durustichya pushtiche samarthan kele jyat mhatale hote qee rajye african american lokanna matadhikar nakaru shakat naheet. eka varshachya aat, urvarit teen rajye-mississippy, virginia aanee texas-yanni naveen durusti sweekarli-aanee tyanna congressmadhye pravesh denyat aala. anudanane georgiachya krishnavarniy aamdaranna punha bahal karnyasathi aanee naveen durusti swikaranyasathi lashkari dabav aanala. georgiache palan jhaale aanee 24 februwari 1871 roji, tyache senators congressmadhye basale, serve majee sangharajya rajyanche pratinidhitva hote, anudanantargat sangh purnapane punarsanchayit karnyat aala. anudanantargat, amerikechya itihasat prathamach, krishnavarniy-american purushanni united states congressmadhye seva dilee, heey serve dakshinekadil rajyanmadhil hote.
1870 madhye, punarrachanechi amalbajavani karnyasathi, congress aanee anudanane nyay vibhag tayar keela jyane mahadhivakta aanee naveen solicitor generalla clanver khatala chalavanyachi parvanagi dilee. congress aanee anudan yanni krishnavarniy lokanche sanrakshn aanee punarrachana sarkaransathi tayar kelelya teen amalbajavani kayadyanchi malika manjur kelee. amalbajavani kayadyanchya adhikarancha vapar karoon, anudanane kuu clucks clan chiradoon takale. octoberparyant, dakshin carolinachya kahee bhagat nilambit "bandivadi dall" manjur qaraa aanee marshalna madat karnyasathi federal sainya pathva, jyanni khatala suru keela. grantche mahadhivakta, aamos tii. hoarchi jaaga ghenara ekarman haah clan nasht karnyacha utsahi hota. ekarman aanee south carolina yuu.ess. marshalne 470 hoon adhik clan sadasyanna atak kelee, tarr shrimant netyansah shekado clanman rajyatoon paloon gele. 1872 paryant, clanchi satta kosalali hotee aanee africi american lokanni dakshinetil nivadnukanmadhye vikrami sankhyene matdan kele. mahadhivakta george etch. etch vasant rutumadhye ekarmanchya jaagi vilyamsane uttar carolina aanee dakshin carolinamadhye clanver khatala chalvane nilambit kele, parantu parantu nivadanukipurvi tyane marg badalala aanee clanver khatala chalavala.
grantchya taree karyakalat, uttar pradesh punarbandhanipasun mage hutla, tarr dakshinekadil puranmatvadyanni 'redeamers' mhanoon olakhalya samajalya sashastr gatanchi, laal shirt aanee ladha" leegchi sthapana kelee, jyanni prajasattak rajvat ulthavanyasathi ughadpane hinsa, dhamkavane, matdaranchi fasavanuk aanee varnadveshi aavahanancha vapar keela. krishnavarniy lokanprati uttarekadil udasinata, aarthik mandee aanee anudan ghotalyanmule anudan prashasanala punarrachanesathi pathimba kayam thevane rajkiyadrushtya katheen jhaale. 1874 chya nivadanukit lokshahivadyanni sabhagruh tabyat ghetale tevha satta badalali. anudanane brooks-baxter yuddh sampavale, jyamule arkansasmadhye punarrachana shantatapurn nishkarshaparyant pohochali. coalfax hatyakand aanee governor william pitt kellog yanchya nivadanukivaril vadanchya parshvabhumivar tyane nyu orlinsmadhye sainya pathavale. anudanane louisianamadhun sheridon aanee bahutek sanghiy sainya parat bolavale.
1875 paryant, muktidata lokshahivadyanni dakshinekadil teen rajye vagalata serve rajyanvar niyantran midavale hote. dakshinekadil krishnavarniy lokanviruddha hinsachar punha ekada vadhalyane, grantche mahadhivakta edwards pierepont yanni mississipiche prajasattak governor edelbert ems yanna sangitale qee lock "dakshinetil sharad rututil udrekamule thakalele aahet" aanee tyanni shantatapurn nivadanukisathi vataghati karnyasathi doot pathvanyaivaji thet hastakshep karnyas nakar deela. anudanane misisipimadhye hastakshep kelyas ohayomadhil prajasattak paksh paksh pakshala dhakka deil asey sangitalyamule, anudanane nantar emesla madat karnyasathi ghoshana jaaree naan kelyabaddal khed vyakt keela. grantne janewari 1875 madhye congressla sangitale qee too "union purush kinwa prajasattakanna bahishkrut, chhal aanee hatya kartana durlakshane pahoo shakat nahee."congressne hinsacharavirodhatil kayade majboot karnyas nakar deela parantu tyaeivaji krishnavarniy lokanna sarvajanik suvidhanmadhye pravesh midava yasathi eka vyapak kayada manjur keela. anudanane 1875 chaa nagri haqq kayada mhanoon tyavar swakshari kelee, parantu tyachi amalbajavani qamee jhaali aanee sarvoch nyayalayane 1883 madhye kayadyala asanvaidhanik tharavale. aktoobar 1876 madhye, prajasattak governor daniele heinry chamberlain yanna padavar thevanyasathi dakshin carolinala sainya pathavale.
1877 madhye padd sodalyanantar, desh tadjodisathi paratala. grantche prajasattak uttaradhikari, adhyaksh rutherford bii. heyy, dakshinekade tadjod karnare hote aanee lokshahivadi krishnavarniy lokanche sanrakshn jaijaykar ghatanatmak sudharananna pushti denyasathi manad pratidnya ghenyachya ativar nagri hakkanchya "sthanik niyantranala" anukool hote. lokshahivadyanshi prajasattak vataghatidarmyan, tyaa anudanane thet bhag ghetala nahee, ripablikanana krishnavarniy lokansathi vanshik samanatechi amalbajavani sampavanyachya aanee shevatchya teen rajyanmadhun federal sainya kadhoon taknyachya badalyat ladha" ghasasathi white haus midale. vachan dilyapramane, heyanni dakshin carolina aanee louisianamadhun sanghiy sainya mage ghetale, jyamule punarrachanecha shevat jhaala.
aarthik vyavhar.
padbhar swikarlyanantar lagechach, grantne deshache chalan adhik surakshit sthiteet parat aananyasathi puranmatvadi pavale uchalali. yadavi yuddhachya kalat, congressne koshagarala asha nota jaaree karnyacha adhikar deela hota, jyaa urvarit chalananchya tulanet, sone kinwa chandichya aadharavar navhatya. greenback" nota, jyaa tyanna maheet hotya, tyaa abhootpurv yuddh karjachi paratfed karnyasathi aavashyak hotya, parantu tyamule chalanvadhahi jhaali aanee sonyachya pathimbyavaril paise chalnabaher padale; rashtriy arthvyavasthela yuddhapoorv aarthik mankannusar parat aananyasathi anudan nishchit karnyat aale hote. 18 march 1869 roji tyanni 1869 chya sarvajanik patt kayadyavar swakshari kelee, jyat hamidar rokhedharkanna "naane kinwa tyachya samatulya" swarupat paratfed kelee jaeel, tarr greenback haloohaloo khajinyane parat kele jaatil aanee tyaeivaji vishisht vastoonchya notanni tyanchi jaaga ghetali jaeel. yaa kayadyane sarkarla daha varshant suvarnaman purn parat karnyache vachan dile. tyanantar 'kathor chalan, arthvyavastha aanee rashtriy karj haloohaloo qamee karane' heey dhoran lagoo jhaale."arthvyavasthevishayichya anudanachya swatachya kalpana sadhya hotya aanee teey shrimant aanee aarthikdrushtya yashasvi vyavsayikanchya sallyavar avalambun hote, jyacha tyanni aadar keela.
sonyachya sonyachya cutt.
april 1869 madhye, done railwaymarg udhyogpati jeey goaled aanee jiim fisk yanni deshachi aarthik rajdhani newyorkmadheel sonyachya bajarpethela vedha ghalanyacha cutt rachala. tyaa doghannihi iirii railwaver niyantran thewale aanee sonyachya uchch kimmatimule paradeshi krishi kharedidaranna irichya marganvarun purvekade pathavaleli niryat keleli pike kharedi karata yeteel. matra, boutwellchya khajinyatoon sone vikanyachya dwai-saptahik dhoranamule sone krutrimaritya qamee rahile. boutwell bhrasht karnyat asamarth, donhi yojnakaranni grantcha mehuna, ebel corbinshee sambandh prasthapit kele aanee anudan midvanyas pravesh midavala. khajinyat antargat mahitee midvanyasathi sahayak khajindar daniele butterfieldla $10,000 chee laach dilee.
julaimadhye, anudanane koshagaratil sonyachi vikri darmaha aanee tyanantarchya mahinyant $2,000,000 paryant qamee kelee. newyorkmadhye augustmadhye fiskne bhoomika bajavali, goldche patra midale, tyane sangitale qee tyache suvarn dhoran deshacha naash karel. septemberparyant, aarthik babinmadhye bholapana asalelya anudanala khatri patali qee qamee sonyachya kimmatimule jhaale madat hoil aanee septembersathi sonyachi vikri vadhavali gelee nahee.
23 september roji jevha sonyache darr pohochale, tevha boutwell white hausmadhye dhavun aala aanee anudanane bolalo. taree divashi, 24 septemberla, jyala black fryday mhanoon olakhale jaate, anudanane boutwell vikanyache aadesh dile, jyavar newyorkmadheel boutwell wired butterfield, $4,000,000 sonyat vikanyasathi. goldchya sonyachya kholitil bail bajar kosalala, sonyache darr 160 varoon ghasarale, aswal bajarat ghabarat nirman jhaali, goaled aanee fisk tyanchya swatachya surakshesathi paloon gele, tarr gambhir aarthik nuksan kityek mahine chalale. janewari 1870 paryant, yuddhanantar arthvyavastha punha purvpadavar aalee.
pararashtra vyavhar.
anudanala pararashtra dhoranacha maryadit anubhav hota, joou tyane mexico-american yuddhat kelelya sevedarmyan midavala hota. parinami, too tyachya pratibhavan rajya sachiv hamilton fishwar mothya pramanat avalambun hota. anudan aanee maase yanchyat eka rakheev pann sauhardpurn maitri hotee. paradeshi dhoranatil aapatti aanee ladhaya navhatya. swatahun kaam karnyasobatach pararashtra vyavharatil mukhya kheladu sachiv phisha aanee sinetchya pararashtra sambandh samitiche adhyaksh charles sumner hote. kararachi manyata midvanyasathi tyanna sahkarya karave lagale. anudanacha dvesh jaijaykar sumnerne, yapurvi alaskachya vilinikaranala purn pathimba deela hota, taridekhil, santo domingola jodanyachya anudan yojnekade virodhakanche netrutva kele.
moolbhootpane, anudanamadhye paradeshat american hitsambandhanche rakshan karnyasathi vistarvadi aaveg hota aanee teey monro siddhantanche prabal samarthak hote. tyanchya pararashtra dhoranat tyanchi eka aadarshavadi bajuhi hotee. udaharanarth, benjamin eff. yaa jyoo vakilala anudanane niyukt kele. pixoto, yuu.ess. jyoo lokanchya roman chhalala pratisad mhanoon bucharstmadhil vanijyadut. anudanane mhatale qee, "manavadhikarancha aadar karane heey rajyakartyanpramane sthapan jhalelyanche rashtranvaril pahile kartavya aahe".
washingtoncha karar (1871).
1869 madheel sarvat gambhir rajnaitik samasya mhanje tatasthatechya niyamanche ullanghan karoon british shipyardmadhye bandhalelya confederate yuddhanaukedware union vyapari jahajanna jhalelya lootmar, 'alabama' davyancha todga kadhane. sachiv hamilton phisha yanni washingtoncha taha aanee geneva lavad (1872) tayar karnyat aanee tyachi amalbajavani karnyat madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali. sinetchya pararashtra sambandh samitiche adhyaksh, sinetara charles sumner yanni british kolambiyala paise mhanoon bolvoon, nukasanbharpaichya maganiche netrutva kele. sumner aanee itar yuu.ess. rajkarnyanni sangitale qee, britishanni bund bund lokandware union nakabandidware shastrastranchya taskarila parvanagi denyat sahbhag ghetalyamule yuddh done varshanni vadhavale, asha prakare britishanni tayar kelelya confederate aakramankartyansah asha prakarchi karvai davyanmadhye jodali. phisha aanee khajindar george boutwell yanni grant yanna khatri patavali qee britainsobat shantatapurn sambandh aavashyak aahet aanee donhi deshanni tyaa margane vataghati karnyas sahmati darshavali.
vataghati dhokyat yeu nayet mhanoon, spainpasoon swatantryasathi swatantryasathi cuban bandkhoranna manyata dene anudanane talhale, jeey britishanni mahasanghanna yuddhatmak darja denyababatchya american aakshepanshi visangat asate. washingtonmadhil eka aayogane eka karar keela jyamadhye aantarrashtriy nyayadhikaran nukasanichya rakmecha nipatara karel; britishanni khed vyakt keela, parantu dosh swikarla nahee. anudan samikshak sumner aanee carl shurz yanchyasah sinetane washingtonchya kararala manjuri dilee, jyane 8 meey 1871 roji swakshari kelelya 50-12 matadvare masemariche adhikar aanee sagari simanvaril vivad mitavale. alabama dawa todga haah anudancha sarvat yashasvi pararashtra dhoranatil kamgiri asel jyane gret britton aanee united statesberober shantata prasthapit kelee. british shastrastranni bharalelya nakabandi jaijaykar dhavpatunmule american matila jhalele nuksan jaree vagalale gele asale taree, 'alabama' davyanchya tadjodine ('$15,500,000') ashant anglo-american samasya sodavalya aanee brittenla amerikecha sarvat majboot mitra banavale.
corian moheem (1871).
1871 madhye, aii. yuu.ess. done mukhya karanansathi hii moheem koriyala pathvanyat aalee hotee. pahila, tyaa deshabarobar vyapar ughadane, jyache, tyaa velee, paradeshi shaktimbarobar vyapar karane vagalanare dhoran hote. dusare mhanje yooche bhavitavya jaanun ghene.ess. ess. ess. "general sherman" heey vyapari jahaj, jeey august 1866 madhye taydong nadivar chadhalyanantar gayab jhaale hote.
meey 1871 madhye, anudanane paach yu. ess. chey american jameen aanee naudal dall pathavale.ess. edmiral johnn rodgerschya netrutvakhalil yuddhanauka aanee 1,200 hoon adhik manse, chinmadhil american rajdoot fredrick loow yanchya netrutvakhalil mutsaddi shishtamandalala pathimba denyasathi, jeey koriyachya sarkarshi vyapar aanee rajkiy sambandhansathi vataghati karnyasathi pathvanyat aale hote.
1 juuna roji, american jahajanni hahn nadivaril ganghwa samudradhunimadhye pravesh keela aanee paradeshi jahajanna nadeet pravesh karnyas manai kelyamule, kelyamule corian sainyadalanni tyanchyavar golibar keela. jahajanche konatehi nuksan jhaale nasale taree, edmiral roggersney corian lokanna vinautsahi hallah mhanoon maafee magnyasathi daha divasancha avadhi deela; tyanni nakar deela. 10 juuna roji, sumare 650 american utarale aanee tyanni anek kille tabyat ghetale, jyachi parinati gangechya ladhait jhaali, jyat 200 hoon adhik corian sainik marle gele aanee keval teen american sainik gamavale. vijay asoonahi, hii moheem vyapar ughadanyat ayashasvi tharali kaaran anudanane aasha vyakt kelee hotee aanee keval koriyache aliptatavadi dhoran balkat kele hote.
santo domingo (dominican prajasattak).
1869 madhye, grantne, nantar eka waid banoon, dominican prajasattakala, jyala nantar santo domingo mhatale jayache, tyat villin karanyachi tyachi yojana suru kelee. grantcha assa vishvas hota qee caribean bett aanee samana upasagarachya adhigrahanamule united stateschee naisargik sansadhane vadhatil aanee yu. ess. laa balkat karel.ess. monro siddhant lagoo karnyasathi naudal sanrakshn, yuu chya british adthalyapasun sanrakshn.ess. bhavishyatil sagari kalvyache jahaj pathvane aanee sanrakshn karane, kyuba aanee brazilmadhil gulamgiri thambavane, tarr americetil krishnavarniy lokanna "clue cluxismchya gunhyapasoon" surakshit aashray milel.
joseph doubleu. dominican prajasattakache adhyaksh bunaventura bej yanche pratinidhitva karnare american sattebaaj fabens yanni sachiv phisha yanchi bhet ghetali aanee prastavit vilinikaran kele, jyanchya betavaril rahivashanni american sanrakshanachi magani kelee. fishla betashi kahihi deneghene navhate, parantu tyane fabencha mantrimandalachya baithakit manjur karnyacha prastav kartavyanishine mandala. 17 julai roji, grantne tyacha white hausacha lashkari sahayyak orville eae. pathavala. betanchi sansadhane, sthanik paristhiti aanee bezchya vilinikaranasathichya atinche moolyankan karnyasathi babcockla konatehi rajnaitik adhikar denyat aale navhate. jevha babcock done anadhikrut vilinikaran kararansah washingtonla paratala, tevha matra, manjur kele aanee teey swikaranyasathi tyachya mantrimandalavar dabav aanala. anudanane aupcharik karar karnyasathi mashanna aadesh dile, jeey babcock betavar paratalyanantar bezla pathavale gele. dominican prajasattak 15 laakh dollarmadhe aanee samana khadee 20 laakh dollarmadhe bhadepattivar kharedi kelee jaeel. general dii.buub. babcoxobat sackett aanee general rufus ingles hote. 29 november roji rashtradhyaksh bej yanni kararanvar kayadyavar kelya. 21 december roji, heey karar anudan aanee tyachya mantrimandalasamor thevanyat aale.
krishnavarniy aanee mishra vanshanche rashtra asalelya santo domingola americet villin karnyachya grantchya bhavya yojanela matra, senator charles sumner yanni pratikoolpane adthala aanala. 31 december roji, sumnerchya washington dii. yethe, grant, aghoshit, sumnerla bhetale.see. vilinikaranasathi tyacha pathimba midvanyasathi ghar. samanarala manjur kelele prabodhan, parantu samanarne pratyakshat jeey sangitale teey vividh sakshidaranni vadgrastapane vadgrast hote. american janatela aavahan naan karata, tyachya hanisathi, anudanane 10 janewari 1870 roji, hutty aanee kattar sumnerchya adhyakshatekhalil sinetchya pararashtra sambandh samitikade, manjurisathi karar sadar kele, parantu sumnerne hetupurassar vidheyke radd kelee. karar thambavane thambavanyasathi anudanamule prerit houn, sumnerchya samiteene karvai kelee parantu 5-teey-2 matanni vidheyke fetalali. sumnerne vilinikaranala virodh keela aanee sinetchya bund satrat dominican hii "ashant, vishvasghataki sharyat" asalyache sangitale. sumnerne purn synet matdanasathi karar pathavale, tarr anudanane itar sinetarsache vaiyaktikaritya lobbing kele. anudanane prayatna karoonahi, sinetane kararancha parabhav keela, guruwari, 30 juuna roji, jevha 2/3 bahumat aavashyak hote tevha 28-28 matane.
grant santapt jhaala aanee shukravari, 1 julai 1870 roji tyane sumnercha jawalcha mitra aanee mitra johnn lothrope motali yaa gret brittonchya niyukt mantryala barkhast kele. janewari 1871 madhye, anudanane vilinikaran tapasanyasathi eka aayog pathvanyasathi sanyukt tharavavar kayadyavar kelya. yaa upkramasathi, tyanni teen tatasth pakshanchi nivad kelee, jyamadhye fredrick douglus heey aayogache sachiv hote, jyanni samnarkadoon naitik uchch aadhar deela. aayogane tyache nishkarsh manjur kele asale taree sinetane tyala virodh keela, jyamule anudanala pudhil prayatna sodoon denyas bhag padale. badala ghenyasathi, march 1871 madhye, sumnerla tyachya shaktishali synet adhyakshapadavarun padchyut karnyasathi anudan yuktivad keela, jyachya jaagi anudan sahyogi sayman cameronne sthan ghetale. santo domingovaril tivra vadamule grantchya paradeshi mutsaddegirivar padada padala. tyachya dhorananchi amalbajavani karnyasathi anudan lashkari lashkari avalambun asalyachi takrar tikakaranni kelee.
kyuba aanee virginiusche sambandh.
daha varshanchya yuddhadarmyan (1868-78) tatasth rahane heey anudanakhalil american dhoran hote, jeey spanish rajvativiruddha kyubamadhye hott asalelya dirgh raktaranjit bandanchi malika hotee. phisha aanee sinetara sumner yanchya shifarshinusar, grantne bandkhoranchya yuddhala manyata denyas nakar deela aanee pratyakshat tethe spanish vasahatvadi rajvatila samarthan dile, tarr kyubatil gulamgiri radd karanyachi magani kelee. american vyaparache rakshan karnyasathi aanee spenshee shantata rakhanyasathi heey kele gele.
tathapi, aktoobar 1873 madhye heey najuk dhoran gambhirpane modanyat aale, jevha eka spanish cruzerne yu. aii. madhye udanare virginius heey vyapari jahaj tabyat ghetale.ess. dhwaj, uthawala madat karnyasathi puravatha aanee manse gheuun jaat. tyanna samudri chachyanpramane vagavat, spanish spanish khatalyashivay aath american nagrikansah 53 kaidyanna fashi dilee. american capton joseph fryla fashi denyat aalee aanee tyachya yuddhakalin shirachhed karnyat aala aanee tyanchya nirjiv sharirala vichchhed karnyat aale, ghodyanni chiradale. santapt jhalelya anek american lokanni nishedh keela aanee spenshee yuddh pukarle. anudan yu.ess. naudalachi squadran yuddhanauka amerikechya "cances" dware samarthit, qee westchya kyuba varr ekatra yenar aahet. 27 november roji fishney eka rajnaitik tharav keela jyamadhye spainche adhyaksh emilio casteller vaay repole yanni khed vyakt keela, 'virginius' aanee jiwant kaidyanna sharanagati patkarali. eka varshanantar, spenne fashi dilelya american lokanchya kutumbiyanna 80,000 dollarschee rokh nuksan bharpai dilee.
havaibarobar mukt vyapar.
lokshahivadyanchya tivra virodhala tond dett, anudan aanee matsya yanni 1875 madhye havai samrajyashi mukt vyapar karar keela, jyat prashant betanchya sakhar udhyogacha amerikechya aarthik kshetrat samavesh karnyat aala. vyapar karar surakshit karnyasathi, hawaiyan rajyacha raja kalakau yane 91 divasancha rajkiy daura keela, joou united statesmadhye paay thevanara konatyahi deshacha pahila rajyakarta raja hota.
american tandul aanee sakhar utpadakanche sanrakshn karoo karoo dakshini lokshahivadyanni hawaiyan kararachi amalbajavani karnyasathi eka vidheyak radd karnyacha prayatna keela. lokshahivadyanni, virodhi paksh, kaaran haah karar betanchya vilinikaranasathicha prayatna asalyache manale jaat hote, tyanni havaiyanna "nikrusht" bigger-pandhari vansh mhanoon sambodhale. virodh asoonahi, amalbajavani vidheyak congressne manjur kele.
yaa kararamule september 1876 pasoon havai rajyat pikavalya samajalya sakhar aanee itar utpadanansathi amerikechya bajarpethet mukt pravesh midala. tyaa badalyat, americene puu loa mhanoon olakhalya samajalya bhagat jameen midavali, jee akheris motee bandar naudal tall mhanoon olakhali jaeel. yaa kararamule havaimadhil oos lagvadimadhye american lokanni mothee guntavanuk kelee, jyamule betanvaril deshache vyavsayik hitsambandh balkat jhaale.
bharatiy sangharajya dhoran.
1869 madhye jevha anudanane padbhar swikarla, tevha mool american lokanprati deshache dhoran gondhalat hote, jyamule 370 kararandware shasit 250,000 hoon adhik mool american prabhavit jhaale. grantchya dharmik shraddhene tyachya mool american lokanpratichya "shantata" dhoranavar prabhav padala, assa vishvas thevun qee "nirmate" yanni "kamkuvat" lokancha naash karnyasathi "majboot" lokansathi pruthvivar purushanchya vanshanna sthan dile nahee. bharatiyanni european pratha, shikshan, ingraji bhasha, khrishchan dharm, khajgi malmatta, kapade swikarave aanee lokshahi sarkar swikarave, jyamule shevati bharatiy nagrikatva milel, ashee ichcha asalele rashtrapati anudan heey mukhytah eka ekatmatavadi hote. 1869 madhye anudan sanstheche udghatan kartana anudanane mhatale hote qee, "jaminivaril mool rahivasi asalelya bharatiyanna yogya vaganuk dene haah kaljipurvak abhyas karnyas patra aahe. tyanchi sanskruti, khristikaran aanee antim nagarikatvakade cull paise konatyahi margala mea pathimba dein."anudan niyukt ess. parker, eka samakalit seneka aanee tyachya yuddhakalin yuddhakalin sadasya, bharatiy vyavhar aayukt mhanoon kaam karnyasathi, yaa padavar kaam karnare pahile mool american, tyachya sabhovatalachya anekanna aashcharyachakit karat. 
april 1869 madhye, anudanane bhrashtachar qamee karnyasathi aanee anudan bharatiy "shantata" dhoranachya amalbajavanivar dekhrekh thevanyasathi bharatiy aayuktanchya avaitanik mandalachi sthapana jaijaykar kayadyavar swakshari kelee, jyacha uddesh mool american pratinidhi mhanoon kaam jaijaykar udhyojakanchi jaaga missionarinna dene aanee sthanik american lokanche aarakshanavar sanrakshn karane aanee tyanna shetimadhye shikshit karane haah hota.
1870 madhye, marias hatyakandamule anudan dhoranala dhakka basala, jyamule janatemadhye santapachi laat usalali. 1871 madhye, anudanane sarvbhoum aadivasi karar pranalicha ant keela; kayadyanusar vaiyaktik mool americananna sanghiy sarkarche varas manale jaat hote. 1871 madhye parkarchya rajinamyamule, anudanane nivadalelya dharmik pratinidhinmadhye jhalelya sampradayik antargat kalhamule aanee aarthik hitsambandh drudh jhalyane anudanache bharatiy dhoran kamkuvat jhaale. jhaale thomas nast vyangchitranehi grantchya bharatiy dhoranavar prakash takala hota, jyat grantla 'robbinson cruso' mhanoon chitrit kele hote, jyamule bharatiy pramukh 'tyacha manus shukravar' yala ghattapane basavalelya pashchimatya poshakhat bhag padale gele. tathapi, anudanachya pahilya karyakalat bharatiy yuddhanmadhye ekoon ghat jhaali aanee 1 aktoobar 1872 roji mejar general oliver ottis howard yanni apache nete kochis yanchyashi shantatesathi vataghati kelya. 28 december 1872 roji, general george crook aanee 5 vya ghodadalane arizona yetheel kankal gumphet sumare 75 yavapai apache bharatiyanchi kattal kelee tevha grantchya dhoranala aanakhi eka dhakka basala.
tyanchya taree karyakalat anudan denyache bharatiy dhoran tutale. 11 april 1873 roji mejar general edward canabyla uttar californiamadhye tule talavachya dakshines modock neta kintpuash yane modock yuddh sampavanyasathi jhalelya ayashasvi shantata parishadet thaar marle. canabychya mrutyunantar aadeshit sanyam. sainyane kintpuashla pakadale, jyala canbychya hatyeprakarani doshi tharvanyat aale hote aanee 3 aktoobar roji killyachya clamath yethe fashi denyat aalee, tarr urvarit modok jamatila bharatiy pradeshat halavanyat aale. 1874 madhye, sainyane palo duro duro ladhait komanchecha parabhav keela, jyamule tyanna shevati 1875 madhye killyachya killyachya aarakshanat sthayik honyas bhag padale. 1874 madhye bisonche sanrakshn karnare biil poket-waded manjur kele aanee tyaeivaji antargat sachiv columbus delano yanna pathimba deela, jyanna bayasanachi hatya maidani sthanik american lokanna tyanchi bhatkya jivanshaili sodoon denyas bhag padel assa yogya vishvas hota. april 1875 madhye, anudan dhoranala aanakhi eka dhakka basala. yuu.ess. lashkarachya netrutvakhali ell. tii. austin henlyne cansassmadhil sappa khadivar 19 purush aanee 8 mahila aanee mulansah 27 sheyen bharatiyanchi hatya kelee.
kalya tekadyanmadhye sapadalelya sonyachya mohamule aanee nairutyela nairutyela parinamachya paschimela asalelya shaktimule, ladha" vasahati dharmik aanee vaivahik samarambhansathi vaparlya samajalya seox sanrakshit jamininvar atikraman karatat. laal dhaganni anichhene 26 meey 1875 roji vataghati suru kelya, parantu itar seox pramukhanni yuddhachi tayari kelee. grantne seox netyanna 'goryanna kalya tekadyanmadhye jaanyachi parvanagi denyasathi vyavastha karnyas sangitale."mool american sanskratichya virodhat asalelya grantne tyanna sangitale qee tyanchi mule shalanmadhye jaatil, ingraji bolatil aanee" goryanchya jivanasathi "tayari kartil."
3 november 1875 roji, grantne white hausmadhye eka baithak ghetali aanee sheridonchya sallyanusar, kalya tekdyanpasun khaan kamgaranna door naan thevanyache manya kele, jyamule mool american lokanna seox aarakshanavar bhag padave lagale. sheridanane anudan dile qee yuu.ess. lashkar qamee manushyabal asalele hote aanee tyat samavisht asalela pradesh motha hota, jyachya amalbajavanisathi mothya sankhyene sainikanchi aavashyakta hotee.
basalelya bailane agencychya jaminivar sthalantar karnyas nakar dilyanantar suru jhalelya gret seox yuddhadarmyan, vedya ghodyachya netrutvakhalil yoddhyanni george armstrong custer aanee tyachya 268 mansanchi chhotya mothya shingachya ladhait hatya kelee. shatvarshik kalat kattal jhaali aanee 4 julai roji bharatiy vijayachi ghoshana rashtrasamor karnyat aalee, tarr santapt ladha" vasahatikaranni badala ghenyachi magani kelee. prasarmadhyamandhye 'grahak hatyakandi' hii, grahakane swatah kelelya sainyacha tyag asalyache mea manato, jee purnapane anavashyak hotee-purnapane anavashyak."yapurvi, 1 march 1876 roji vyapar poost graftchya ghar tapasadarmyan grantchya bhavaviruddha orvilne saksh dilee tevha custerne grantver ragavala hota. september aanee aktoobar 1876 madhye, grantney jamatinna kalya tekadya sodanyas rajee kele. 1877 madhye anudan karyalay sodanyachya teen divas aadhi congressne kararala manyata dilee.
1872 chee nivadanuk aanee dusari mudat.
anudanache pahile prashasana yash aanee apayash yaa donhinmadhye misalale gele. 1871 madhye, sudharanavantanna shant karnyasathi, tyanni sudharak george william curtis yanchya adhyakshatekhali amerikecha pahila nagri seva aayog sthapan keela.
sudharkancha, qamee daranche samarthan jaijaykar purushancha aanee clanchya anudanachya khatalyala virodh virodh samavesh asalele udarmatvadi prajasattak, anudan aanee prajasattak pakshapasoon vegale jhaale. udarmatvadi, jyanna vaiyaktikaritya anudan aavadat navhate, tyanna sinetara sayman cameron aanee sinetara rosco concling yanchyashi asalelya tyanchya yuticha tiraskar hota, jyanna lutkhor rajkarani manale jaate.
1872 madhye, udarmatvadyanni horace greely, eka pramukh prajasattak "newyork tribune" sampadak aanee anudanacha tivra shatru, yanna adhyaksh aanee misauri governor bii. gratz braun, upadhyakshapadasathi. udarmatvadyanni anudanvad, bhrashtachar, gharaneshahi aanee akaryakshamatecha nishedh keela, dakshinekadun sanghiy sainya mage ghenyachi, krishnavarniyanna matdan karnyasathi saksharta chachanya aanee mahasanghanna maafee denyachi magani kelee. lokshahivadyanni greek-braun tikit aanee liberal partycha munch swikarla. greely, jyachya nyayadhikaranane tyala vyapak naav manyata dilee aanee pracharacha aavaj motha keela, tyane anudan prashasana ayashasvi aanee bhrasht hote yaa sankalpananvar bharr deela.
ripablikanani punarnirvachanasathi anudan namnirdeshit kele, massatucets sinetara heinry willson yanni coalfaxchya jaagi uparashtrapatipadache umedvar mhanoon niyukti kelee. prajasattakanni udarmatvadi pakshachya vyaspithavarun chaturaine karj ghetale, jyat "maaf maaf karane, shulk qamee karane aanee nagri seva sudharana swikarane" yancha samavesh hota."anudanane simashulk qamee kele, majee mahasanghanna maafee dilee aanee nagri seva gunavatta pranali lagoo kelee, jyamule virodhak nishprabhavi jhaale. vadhatya matadhikar chalvalila shant karnyasathi, republicanchya manchane namood kele qee mahilanchya hakkanna "aadarpurvak vicharat ghetale jaeel."dakshinechya dhoranababat, greelyne sthanik sarkarche niyantran goryanna dyave asey sangitale, tarr anudanane kalya lokanchya sanghiy sanrakshanache samarthan kele. anudanala fredrick douglus, pramukh nirmulanvadi aanee bharatiy sudharkancha pathimba hota.
clanver federal khatala, eka majboot arthvyavastha, karj kapat, qamee shulk aanee curr kapat yamule anudanane sahajpane punha nivadanuk jinkley. tyanna 56 takke matey midali tarr greely yanna 44 takke matey midali aanee electoral collegemadhye 286 teey 66 itaki ghasaran jhaali. dakshinetil bahusankhya african american lokanni anudanasathi matdan kele, tarr lokshahi virodhi paksh bahutek shantatet rahila. punarrachanecha ant pahanyachi ichcha asalelya sahaa purvichya gulam rajyanmadhye haravalele anudan. tyanni haah vijay tyanchya adhyakshapadache vaiyaktik samarthan mhanoon ghoshit keela, parantu aatoon tyanna "udarmatvadi" yanni vishvasaghat kelyache vatale. salmon pii. yanni tyanchya taree karyakalasathi grantchi shapath ghetali. 4 march 1873 roji pathlag kartana, aaplya taree udghatanpar bhashanat, tyanni rashtrasamor ajunahi asalelya samasyancha punaruchchar keela aanee mukt jhalelya gulamansathi nagarikatvachya fayadhyanvar bharr detana, serve american lokansathi swatantrya aanee nishpakshata yaa tyaa kalatil mukhya muddyanvar laksh kendrit kele. bhavishyat majhe prayatna aaplya samanya samajatil vividh ghatakanmadhil changlya bhavna punarsanchayit karnyachya dishene nirdeshit kele jaatil" yaa shabdanni grant yanni aapale bhashan sampavale. 1873 madhye willsonla mastishkaghatacha tras jhaala; kadhihi purnapane barey naan jhalyane, 22 november 1875 roji too karyalayat maran pavala. willsonchya parabhavasah, anudan purvipeksha jaast pramanat mashanchya margdarshanavar avalambun hote.
grantne bheeti aanee ghar gamavane.
1873 chya nanee kayadyavar swakshari karoon, anudanane majboot dollarsathi kaam karane suru thewale, jyane vyavharat suvarn manak sthapit karoon dvimitiyatecha (paisa mhanoon chandi aanee sone yaa donhincha vapar) kayadeshir aadhar prabhavipane sampushtat aanala. nanee kayadyane pramanit chandiche dollar bund kele aanee sonyache dollar heey ekmev aarthik manak mhanoon sthapit kele; kaaran sonyacha puravatha loksankhyeitka vegane vadhala nahee, parinami apasfitikaran jhaale. jhaale midalelya kimmati vadhavanyasathi adhik paise havey asalelya chandichya chandichya yaa kruticha "1873 chaa gunha" mhanoon nishedh keela aanee dawa keela qee apasfitimule apasfitimule karj adhik oze banale aahe.
anudanachya taree karyakalat aarthik asthirata punha vadhali. september 1873 madhye, jeey cook andd company, newyorkmadheel eka dalali ghar, kukchya uttar prashant railwayne jaaree kelelya serve rokhe vikanyat ayashasvi jhalyanantar kosalale. bhint rastyavar kosalale aanee relvecha satha aanee rokhe asalelya itar banka aanee dalali dekhil uddhvast jhalya. 20 september roji newyork stock exchangene daha divasansathi vyapar sthagit keela. aarthik babinchi farshi mahitee nasalelya grantne, grantne dahashat mhanoon olakhalya samajalya yaa sankatache nirakaran kase karave yabaddal sallah ghenyasathi aaghadichya vyavsayikancha aanee bankerscha sallah ghenyasathi newyorkla pravas keela. grantcha assa vishvas hota qee, 1869 madhye sonyachi angathi kosalalyapramanech, bheeti hii keval eka aarthik chadhautar hotee jyamule bankers aanee dalalanvar parinam jhaala. tyanni koshagarala sarkari rokhyanmadhye $1 kotee kharedi karnyachya soochana dilya, pranalimadhye rokh rakkam otali. kharedimule bhintivaril ghabarat aatokyat aalee, parantu nantar dirgh mandee mhanoon olakhalya samajalya audhyogik mandine tarihi deshala zodapun kadhale. deshatil anek railwaymarg-364 paiki 89-diwalkhor jhaale.
congressne aasha vyakt kelee qee chalanvadhimule arthvyavasthela chalana milel aanee pherii vidheyak manjur jhaale, jeey 1874 madhye "chalanvadhiche vidheyak" mhanoon olakhale gele. anek shetkari aanee kamgaranni yaa vidheykala pasanti dilee, jyamule chalanat $64 dashalaksh greenback jodale gele asate, parantu kahee purvekadil bankersony yala virodh keela kaaran tyamule dollar kamkuvat jhaala asata. belknap, williams aanee delano yanni sangitale qee, nakaradhikar manjur kelyane novemberchya nivadanukit prajasattakanna nuksan hoil. heey vidheyak deshache shrey nasht karel assa vishvas anudanala hota aanee tyanni tyanchya aakshepannantarhi tyavar nakaradhikar thewala. grantchya nakaradhikaramule teey republican pakshachya puranmatvadi gatat rahile aanee sonyachya pathimbyavaril dollarprati pakshachya vachanbaddhatechi hii suruvat hotee. chalanatil greenbachi sankhya haloohaloo qamee karoon dollarla aanakhi majboot karnyasathi vidheykasathi anudanane nantar kongresvar dabav aanala. 1874 chya nivadanukanantar jevha lokshahivadyanna sabhagruhat bahumat midale, tevha lokshahivadyanni padbhar swikaranyapurvi langadya-dook republican congressne tase kele. 14 janewari 1875 roji anudanane vishisht bharana punha suru karnyachya kayadyavar swakshari kelee, jyasathi prasarit karnyas parvanagi asalelya greenbachi sankhya haloohaloo qamee karane aavashyak hote aanee 1 janewari 1879 pasoon teey sonyasathi parat ghetale jaatil asey ghoshit kele.
sudharana aanee ghotale.
gruhyuddhanantarchya arthvyavasthene prachand audhyogik sampatti aanee sarkari vistar ghadavun aanala. andaj, jivanshailicha atirek aanee sanghiy karyalayanmadhye bhrashtachar mothya pramanat hota. anudanatil serve karyakari vibhaganchi congressne chaukashi kelee. nisargane dilele anudan pramanik, vishvasoo, bhola aanee tyachya nivadalelya mitranshi atyant nishthavan hote. kahee vela mantrimandal sudharkanchi niyukti karat asatana, kahee vela doshincha bachav karat asatana, dushkrutyasandarbhat tyanchya pratikriya sammishra hotya.
tyanchya pahilya karyakalat anudan mhanoon, jacob dii. yanchi antargat sachiv mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. cocks, jyane nagri seva sudharana amalat aanalyah tyane patra nasalelya lipikanna kadhoon takale aanee itar upayayojana kelya. 3 aktoobar 1870 roji coxney khankamavaril dawa hatalanyachya anudanashi asalelya vadakhali padacha rajinama deela. 3 march 1871 roji congressne adhikrut kelelya anudanane pahile nagri seva aayog tayar kele aanee niyukt kele. anudan aayogane spardhatmak parikshansathi niyam tayar kele, anivarya rajkiy mulyankanancha ant, padanche shreneet vargikaran kele aanee kamgiri jaijaykar pahilya teen sangharajyiy arjdaranmadhun niyuktinchi nivad kelee gelee. 1 janewari 1872 roji niyam lagoo jhaale, parantu vibhagpramukh aanee itaranna suut denyat aalee. anudanane, konatyahi aadhichya adhyakshanpeksha, federal nagri sevechi unchi vadhavali, parantu tyachya tikakaranni heey manya karnyas nakar deela.
november 1871 madhye, grantche niyukt newyork collector aanee sahyogi thomas marfine rajinama deela. grantne marfichya jaagi chester aaa yaa taree sahyogishi badalale. arther, jyane boutwellchya sudharananchi amalbajavani kelee. synet samiteene 3 janewari 1872 teey 4 juuna 1872 yaa kalavadhit newyork simashulk gharachi chaukashi kelee. purvichya anudanane sangrahak murphy aanee moses etch yanchi niyukti kelee. greenalne vastoonchya yadichi kayadeshir aavashyakta naan thevata, godamasathi aakarshak shulk aakarle. yamule godam malak george keey. yanna kamavarun kadhoon takanyache anudan midale. tarr, atee malvahatuk shulk khishat ghalanyasathi aanee nafyache vibhajan karnyasathi.boutwellchya sudharananmadhye adhik kadak nondi thevane aanee companychya bandaranvar vastoo sathavane yancha samavesh hota. mahadhivakta george etch. yanni newyorkmadhye khatala chalavanyache aadesh dile. williams aanee laach laach aanee paise paise vyaktinche koshagar sachiv. jaree nirdosh mukt jhaale asale taree, conclingchya newyork sanrakshn yantrashi asalelya tyachya sambandhabaddal anudanachi khilli udavanyat aalee.
3 march 1873 roji anudanane kayadyat swakshari kelee, jyane federal karmchari, congress (purvgami), nyaypalika aanee rashtrapatinchya vetanat vaadh kelee. anudan varshik pagar $25,000 varoon $50,000 paryant duppat jhaala. samikshakanni congresschya done varshanchya purvalakshi "seva," pratyek congress sadasyasathi $4,000 ekarakami rakkam, aanee kayada anshatah radd karnyat aala. anudanane matra, tyachi atyant aavashyak vetanvadh kayam thewali, tarr tyachi vaiyaktik pratishtha abadhit rahili.
1872 madhye, anudanane kayadyat swakshari kelee, jyamule khajgi bhagache ("curr sankalan") karar sampushtat aale, parantu sanlagn swarane aanakhi teen kararanna parvanagi dilee. boutwellche sahayyak sachiv william aii. richardson, johnn bii. karchukvegiricha aarop jaijaykar "vyakti aanee sahkaryanchya" mage lagnyasathi sanborne. richardsonne (sachiv mhanoon) rakhoon thevalelya sanborne aakramakpane $2,13,000 gola kele, tarr richardson aanee republican pakshachya prachar samitisah itaranmadhye $156,000 vatoon ghetale. 1874 chya congresschya tapasadarmyan, richardsonne sahbhag nakarla, parantu sanborne sangitale qee too kararanvarun sahaa vela richardsonla bhetala. congressne richardsonchya parvanagi denyachya paddhaticha tivra nishedh keela. anudanane richardsonla davyanchya nyayalayache nyayadhish mhanoon niyukt kele aanee tyachya jaagi sudharak benjamin bristo yanchi niyukti kelee. junmadhye, anudan aanee congressne bhagpranali radd kelee.
bristone ghar prabhavipane swachchh kele, koshagaratil tapas dalala kadak kele, nagri seva lagoo kelee aanee shekado bhrasht niyuktinna kamavarun kadhoon takale. bristola treasurychya pavtya qamee asalyache aadhalale aanee tyane eka tapas suru keela jyamadhye viskichi kukhyat ring ughad jhaali, jyat distiller aanee treasury treasury santhganth samavisht hotee aanee curr mahasoolat kotyavadhi rupaye bharane talhale gele. yateel bahutansh paise khishat ghatale jaat hote tarr tyateel kahee paise prajasattakanchya tijorit gele. aprilchya madhyat, bristone angathi manjur kelyachi mahitee dilee. 10 meey roji, bristone jordar fatka marla aanee angathi todali. federal marshalani deshbharat 32 aasthapananvar chhape takale aanee 350 purushanna atak kelee; 176 aaroppatra prapt jhaale, jyamule 110 doshasiddhi jhalya aanee $3,150,000 dand khajinyat parat aala.
sentmadhye ringvar khatala chalvanyasathi, bristochya shifarshinusar, federal vakeel mhanoon niyukt kelelya david dierla anudan dya. lui, jyane antargat mahasulache paryavekshak, grantche june mitra general johnn mcdonald yanchyavar aaroppatra dakhal kele. konatyahi doshi vyaktila paloon jaau deu nakaa' yaa patravar lihilelya bristochya tapasala anudanane samarthan dile..."bristochya tapasat asey aadhalun aale qee babcockla paratava mhanoon paise midale aanee babcockne ringcha mukhya sutradhar mcdonald yala aagami tapasabaddal guptapane purvasoochana dilee hotee. 22 november roji, jurine mcdonaldla doshi tharavale. 9 december roji, babcockwar aarop thevanyat aala, tathapi, grantne babcockchya aparadhavar vishvas thevanyas nakar deela, babcockchya bajoone saksh denyas tayar hota, parantu fishney assa ishara deela qee asey kelyane tyachya swatachya prashasanane khatala chalavalelya khatalyaviruddha saksh denyachya lajirvanya sthiteet anudan yeil. tyaeivaji, grant washingtonmadhye rahila aanee 12 februwari 1876 roji, babcockchya bachavat eka saksh dilee, jyat tyane tyachya sachivavaril tyacha vishvas "abadhit" asalyache vyakt kele. grantchya sakshine tyachya sarvat majboot tikakaranshivay sarvanna gup kele.
seent. luichya jurine babcockchi nirdosh muktata kelee aanee grantne tyala white hausmadhye rahanyachi parvanagi dilee. tathapi, surakshit choricha cutt mhanoon olakhalya samajalya washingtonchya eka sudharkachya chaukatit babcockwar aarop jhalyanantar, anudanane shevati tyala white hausamadhun barkhast kele. babcockne washingtonmadhil sarvajanik imaratinche adhikshakpad kayam thewale.
coxchya jaagi niyukt anudan asalele antargat sachiv columbus delano heey fasavanuk aanee bhrashtacharane bharalele hote. apavad mhanje delanochi yelostonechi prabhavi dekhrekh. anudanane anichhene delanochya rajinamyavar jabardasti kelee. sarvekshak general silas reed yanni bhrasht karar kele hote, jyamule delanocha mulga johnn delanola fayda jhaala. 1875 madhye delanoche uttaradhikari banalelya grantche antargat sachiv zacharia chandler yanni sudharana amalat aanalya, bhrasht agentanna kadhoon takale aanee napha kamavane sampavale. jevha mahanyayvadi george etch yancha samavesh asalelya khandani ghotalyachya sambhavya congress chaukashichi mahitee postmaster marshal jewel yanni anudanala dilee. vilyamsachya patnine, grantne vilyamsala kadhoon takale aanee tyachya jaagi sudharak edward pierpontchi niyukti kelee. anudanchya naveen mantrimandal niyuktyanni tatpurte sudharkanche samadhan kele.
1875 madhye lokshahivadyanni sabhagruhacha taba ghetalyanantar, sanghiy vibhaganmadhil adhik bhrashtachar ughad jhaala. sarvat hanikarak ghotalyanpaiki eka mhanje secretory auph warr william doubleu. phorta silchya vyaparatoon timahit laach samajoon belknapla februwari 1876 madhye rajinama dyava lagla. belknapla sabhagruhane mahabhiyog keela parantu sinetane tyachi nirdosh muktata kelee. grantcha swatacha bhau orvilane 'mook bhagidari' sthapan kelee aanee tyala chaar vyapari padankadun laach midali. naudalachya robationchya sachiwala naudalachya kantratdarane laach dilyache congressla aadhalale, parantu mahabhiyogache konatehi lekh tayar kele gele naheet. 5 december 1876 roji, tyachya aathvya varshik sandeshat, anudanane deshachi maafee magitalih "apayash hii nirnayachya chuka aahet, hetuchi naheet."
1876 chee nivadanuk.
1876 chya nivadanukidarmyan rashtrane kelelya punarrachanecha tyag hii madhyavarti bhoomika bajavali. lokshahivadi lokanchya niyantranakhali asalelya sabhagruhane kelelya bhrashtacharachya vadhatya tapasat, rajkiyadrushtya badnam anudan adhyakshapadachi. 1875 madhye sarvajanik patradvare anudanane aahe karyakalasathi naan ladhanyacha nirnay ghetala, tarr prajasattakanni governor rutherford bii. ohayoche gavat, eka sudharak, tyanchya adhiveshanat. democratsney governor samuel jeey. newyorkche tilden. dakshinekadil teen rajyanmadhil matdanatil aniyamitatemule tyaa varshichya nivadanuka anek mahine anishchit rahilya.
grantne congressla kayadyachya madhyamatoon heey prakaran sodavanyas sangitale aanee donhi bajunna aashvasan dile qee hinsacharala aala ghalanyakherij, too parinam baljabarine karnyasathi sainyacha vapar karnar nahee. 29 janewari 1877 roji tyanni yaa prakaranacha nirnay ghenyasathi nivadanuk aayog sthapan karnyachya kayadyavar kayadyavar kelya. aayogadvare heyas adhyaksh mhanoon nivadoon aale; lokshahi nishedh rokhanyasathi, prajasattakanni 1877 chya tadjodishi sahmati darshavali, jyamadhye dakshinekadil rajdhanyanmadhun shevatche sainya mage ghenyat aale. punarbandhani sampalyanantar, jiim kavala vegale karnyache 80 varshanche yug suru jhaale. sampoorn nivadanuk sankatadarmyan anudanane dakhavalelya 'shant drushtikonatun' deshache samadhan jhaale.
anudanachya dukkhasathi, adhyaksh heyasne punarrachana samikshakanna niyukt kele, jyat udarmatvadi prajasattak prateek carl shurz yancha samavesh hota.
adhyakshapadanantar (1877-1885).
white haus sodalyanantar, grant mhanala qee too "majhya aayushyat itka anandi kadhich navhata". anudan heey hamilton fishchya nivassthani rahoon, tyanchya mulichya nellichya mulachya janmala upasthit rahnyasathi washingtonhoon newyorkla ravana jhaale. swatahla 'weifs' mhanat, anudananni seent cincinnaticha daura keela. lui, shikago aanee gallena, nantar teey kuthe rahtil yachee spasht kalpana nahee.
jaagtik daura aanee mutsaddegiri.
kahee varshe, anudanane tyanchya adhyakshapadanantar dirghkalasathi yogya sutty ghenyachya kalpaneche manoranjan kele hote aanee yaa upkramasathichya tyanchya guntavanukipaiki ekala vittapuravatha kelyanantar, anudan sumare adich varshe chalalelya jaagtik jaagtik gele.
anudanane kelelya paradesh pravasala newada-aadharit khaan companychya guntavanukitun nidhi midala jyamule tyala $25,000 (dollarmadhe $) midale. midale tayari karat teey 10 meey 1877 roji filadelfiyamadhye pohochale aanee tyanchya prasthanapurvichya aathvadyat tyanna utsavanni sanmanit karnyat aale. 16 meey roji, grant aanee tyachi patni ess. ess. "indiana" varr englandla ravana jhaale.
yaa yaa, anudan europe, africa, bharat aanee madhya purv aanee sudur purvetil thikani thambale, ranee victoriya, zaar alekzandar dusra, pope lio XIII, oto wonn bismark, lii hongzang, samrat meji aanee itaransarkhya ullekhaneey manyavaranna bhetale.
heyas prashasanachya saujanyane, tyachya paryatan pakshala teen yuu varr federal vahtook midali.ess. naudalachi jahajeh amerikechya 'vandalia' varr bhoomadhya samudracha paach mahinyancha daura, hongkongpasoon chinparyantcha pravas amerikechya 'ashuelot' varr aanee chinpasoon japanparyantchi vahtook amerikechya 'richmond' varr. yaa yaa, heyachya prashasanane yaa prakriyet kahee deshansathiche prashna sodavtana, amerikeche pratinidhitva karnyasathi aanee paradeshat american hitsambandh majboot karnyasathi sarvajanik anadhikrut mutsaddi bhoomika swikaranyasathi anudanala protsahan dile. gruhpravasi, anudanane japanchya 'tokio shahar' varr japani yuddhavirane pathbal deuun japan sodale, prashant mahasagar olandla aanee 20 september 1879 roji sann franciscomadhye utarale, jaijaykar jaijaykar lokanni tyanche swagat kele. philadelphiyala gharee paratanyapurvi, general sherman aanee tenesichya sainyashi punarmilan karnyasathi grant shikago yethe thambale. grantchya grantchya europe aanee aashiyala dakhavun dile qee america hii eka udayonmukh jaagtik shakti aahe.
aahe termcha prayatna.
grantcha juna rajkiy sahkari, rosco concling netrutvakhalil diggajanni, satta parat midvanyachi sandhee mhanoon grantchi naveen lokpriyata pahili aanee 1880 madhye adhyakshapadasathi tyala namankit karnyacha prayatna keela. virodhakanni yala george washingtonpasoon vaparat asalelya anadhikrut done-mudatichya niyamache ullanghan mhatale. grantne sarvajanikaritya kahihi sangitale nahee parantu nokri havee hotee aanee tyachya manasanna protsahan dile. washburney tyala dhavnyas sangitale; jaree tyane james jee laa pradhanya dile asale taree, taree umedvarasaha prajasattak jinkale tarr tyala anand hoil asey mhanat, tyala nirash kele. johnn shermanla blain. tarihi, concling aanee johnn aii. loganane anudanachya bajoone pratinidhinche aayojan karnyas suruvat kelee. junmadhye shikagomadhye adhiveshan jhaale tevha itar konatyahi umedvarapeksha anudan denyache vachan dilele adhik pratinidhi hote, parantu namankan midvanyasathi bahumatasathi tyanche mutt qamee hote.
adhiveshanat, namankit anudanala eka vaktavyachya bhashanasah jodat, sarvat prasiddha ola ashee hotih "jevha too konatya rajyatil aahe asey vicharale gele, tevha aamche ekmev uttar asel, too apomatox aanee tyachya prasiddha safarchand vrukshatil aahe."namankanasathi aavashyak asalelya 370 matansah, pahilya matpatrikevar 304, blainver 284, shermanvar 93 aanee urvarit alpasankhyak umedvaranna anudan denyat aale hote. tyanantarchya matpatrikecha parinam sadharanpane sarkhach jhaala; anudan kinwa blain doghehi jinku shakale naheet. chhattis matpatrakanantar, blainchya pratinidhinni tyala sodoon dile aanee itar umedvaransah miloon tadjod umedwarala namankit keleh pratinidhi aanee majee union general james aii. ohayoche garfield. prakriyatmak prastavamule garfieldsathi ekmatane matdan jhaale, jyane namankan sweekarle. grantne garfieldsathi bhashane dilee parantu potomachya sainyat tyachya netrutvakhali seva bajavalelya winfield scott hancock yaa lokshahi umedvaravar teeka karnyas nakar deela. garfieldne nivadanuk jinkley. anudanane garfieldla sarvajanik pathimba deela aanee tyala tyachya prashasanat diggajancha samavesh karnyas pravrutt kele. 2 julai 1881 roji garfieldla eka eka golya ghatalya aanee 19 september roji tyacha mrutyu jhaala. eka patrakarakadun garfieldchya mrutyuchi mahitee midalyavar, grant tivra radla.
vyavsayik apayash.
kele shatkat, federal adhyakshiy nivruttivetan navhate aanee anudananche vaiyaktik utpann varshala $6,000 paryant maryadit hote. anudancha jaagtik daura mahagada hota aanee tyala paise kamavane aanee naveen ghar shodhane aavashyak asatana tyane tyachi bahutansh bachat sampavali hotee. shrimant mitranni tyala manhattonchya varchya purvekadil bajula eka ghar vikat ghetale aanee utpann midvinyasathi, jeey goaled aanee majee mexican vitt sachiv mattias romerone mexican dakshini railwaymarg bhadyane ghetala, jyachi yojana oksaka teey mexico shaharaparyant railwaymarg bandhanyachi hotee. anudanane chester aaa. laa vinanti kelee. arther, joou garfieldchya jaagi 1881 madhye rashtradhyaksh jhaala hota, tyane meksikoshi mukt vyapar kararasathi vataghati kelya. arther aanee mexican sarkarne sahmati darshavali, parantu 1883 madhye amerikechya sinetane haah karar nakarla. railway margahi asach ayashasvi tharala aanee pudhchya varshi diwalkhorit padala.
tyach velee, grantchya sunn bakane ferdinand prabhagasah wall street brokerage haus ughadale hote-jaree anek shrimant purushanchi fasavanuk karnara eka guptaher manus asala, taree tyaa velee prabhagala wall streetwar ugavatya ugavatya manale jaat asey. anudan aanee prabhag hii sanstha suruvatila yashasvi jhaali. 1883 madhye anudan sansthet sameel jhaale aanee tyanni swatachya paishatoon 100,000 dollarschee guntavanuk kelee. matra, anudanane prabhagala ishara deela qee jarr tyachi company sarkari vyavasayat guntaleli asel tarr too tyanchi bhagidari visarjit karel. guntavanukila protsahan denyasathi, guntavanukdaranna asamanyapane jaast vyaj deuun, companychya rokhe anek karjanvar, aata ponzi yojana mhanoon samajalya samajalya, rehypothecation navachya prakriyet girvi thevun rokhane. banker james dii. yanchya sanganamtane, prabhag. banq parikshakankadun gupt thevalelya aanee companychya banq kothaditun companychya rokhe parat midavalelya. jevha vyavhar kharab jhaale, tevha anek karje dey hotee, serve ekach taranadvare samarthit hotee.
jyeshth anudanala kadachit prabhagachya hetubaddal mahitee navhati, parantu kitee rakkam anudan maheet hote heey spasht nahee, asey itihaskar sahmat aahet. meey 1884 madhye, company lavkarach diwalkhor hoil heey patvoon denyasathi puresha guntavanuki kharab jhalya. anudan heey "vyavsayik babinmadhye eka mool" asalyache gruheet gruheet wardney tyala tyala apayashabaddal sangitale, parantu hii tatpurati kamatarata asalyache aashvasan dile. anudanane vyapari william heinry vanderbiltshy sampark sadhala, jyane tyala $150,000 chey vaiyaktik karj dile. anudanane firmmadhye paise guntavale, parantu teey apayshapasun vachavanyasathi purese navhate. anudan aanee prabhagachya padzadimule padzadimule dahashat nirman jhaali.
anudan karj purnapane maaf karnyasathi deu kelele vanderbilt, eka prastav anudan nakarle. moolatah nirupayogi, parantu vaiyaktik sanmanachya bhavnene baljabarine tyane tyachya yadavi yuddh smrutichinhansaha aanee itar serve malmattanchi vikri kinwa hastantaran karoon tyala shakya asaleli paratfed kelee. anudan tethech rahoo dile taree, wanderbiltne anudan gruhasathi haqq swikarla aanee smrutichinhanna kendra sarkarla daan karnyache vachan dile aanee karj purn bharale gele asalyacha aagrah dharala. anudan heey prabhagachya fasavanukimule vyathit jhaale aanee tyanni khajgiritya vicharale qee teey kadhihi "punha konatyahi mansavar vishvas kassa thevu shakatat"."
march 1885 madhye, tyanchi prakruti bighadat asatana, tyanni prabhag aanee maase yaa donhinchya virodhat saksh dilee. anudan mrutyuchya kahee mahinyanantar aktoobar 1885 madhye wardla fasavanukicha doshi tharvanyat aale aanee tyane sadesaha varshe turungwas bhogala. anudan aanee prabhag kosalalyanantar anudanabaddal sahanubhooti vyakt kelee gelee.
sansmaran, lashkari nivruttivetan aanee mrutyu.
tyachya sampoorn karkirdit, anudanane varanvar tyachya lashkari anubhavanchya atyant tapshilvar katha sangitalya, anekada tarkha aanee thikananchya babatit kirkol chuka kelya. seent madheel eka garib kathor shetkari mhanoon. yuddhapurvi luine aaplya aaplya madhyaratriparyant mantramugdha kele aanee 'lashkarachya anubhavanche tyanche spasht kathan lakshpurvak aikale."yadavi yuddhachya shant kshananmadhye, teey anekada tyanchya alikadil anubhavambaddal, visheshtah" sankshipt aanee anekada vaktrutvapoorn bhashet "bolat asat."grantche arth badalale-mexican yuddh kalat lihilelya tyanchya patranmadhye, yuddhavar konatihi teeka nahee. yaulat, tyanchya 'sansmaran' madhye rajkiy pailoonvar atyant teeka kelee aahe, aanee yuddhala americene kelela anuchit aakramakta mhanoon nishedh keela aahe. grantne tyachya yuddh katha itakya vela sangitalya aanee punha sangitalya qee tyachi 'sansmarane' lihine hii tyachya aathvaninna pahilyanda aathavanyacha prayatna karnyaivaji punaravrutti aanee chamkavanyachi baab hotee.
hotee unhalyat, grantne ghasa khavkhavalyachi takrar kelee, parantu octoberchya akheris, jevha tyala kalale qee too karkarog aahe, bahudha tyachya varanvarchya sigarchya dhoomrapanamule jhalela aahe, toparyant doctorkade jaane thambavale. grantne tyachya patnila tyachya sthitiche gambhirya naan sanganyacha nirnay ghetala, jyala lavkarach grantchya doctorankadun heey samajale. nidan honyapurvi, anudan 4 august 1884 roji ocean grove, nyu jersey yethe nagri yuddhatil diggajansathichya paddhatshir sevet upasthit hota, daha hajaranhun adhik diggaj aanee itarankadun ubhe rahoon talhya vajavat hota; too tyacha shevatcha sarvajanik dekhava asel. pudhchya varshi marchmadhye, 'daad newyork times' neey jaheer kele qee anudan karkarogane maran pavat aahe aanee majee rashtrapatinsathi deshvyapi sarvajanik chinta suru jhaali. anudan aanee juliyachya aarthik adchaninchi jaaniv jhalyane congressne tyancha sanman karnyacha prayatna keela aanee tyanna purn nivruttivetanasaha lashkarachya generalchya padavar punha sthapit kele-1869 madhye anudanane adhyakshapad swikarlyanantar tyanni aaplya aayogacha rajinama dene aanee tyanche (aanee tyanchya vidhaveche) nivruttivetan gamavane aavashyak hote.
anudan jawaljawal tutale hote aanee tyachya patnila jaganyasathi yogya rakkam sodanyachi satat kalji vatat asey. heey kahee aathvanit bharoo shakatat ashee kalpana karoon, anudanane 'daad century magazin' kadey sampark sadhala, jyane 10 takke royalties pustakacha karar manjur karanyachi aupher dilee, parantu anudanachi aarthik sthitee kitee anishchit aahe heey samajoon samajoon mojkya lokanpaiki eka asalelya anudanchya mitra marqa twenne tyala tyachya aathvaninsathi prastav deela, jyane 70 takke royaltichi naan aikalelee rakkam dilee. tyachya kutumbachi kalji ghenyasathi, anudanane newyork shaharatil tyachya gharee tyachya aathvaninvar sakhol kaam kele. tyacha mulga frederickne dastaivaj shodhale aanee bahutansh vastusthiti tapasali, tarr tyacha majee karmchari sadasya addam bado yane tyala bahutansh sanshodhanat madat kelee. unhalyatil ushnata aanee aardratemule, tyachya doctoranni tyala varchya sthiteet mcgregor parvatachya mathyavaril eka zopadit halavanyachi shifaras kelee, jee eka kautumbik mitrane deu kelee hotee.
18 julai 1885 roji, grantne aapale sansmaran purn kele; teey aanakhi keval paach divas jagale. grantchya aatmacharitranmadhye mexican-american yuddhatil tyache suruvatiche jeevan aanee kaal thodakyat sangitala aahe aanee tyat gruhyuddha sampeparyantchya tyachya jivanatil ghatanancha samavesh aahe. daad personnel memoires auph yuu. ess. anudan heey eka gambhir aanee vyavsayik yash hote. julia anudanala akheris sumare 4,50,000 dollars royalty () midali. yaa aatmacharitrala janata, lashkari itihaskar aanee sahityik samikshakanni khoop aadar deela aahe. grantne swatahla eka aadaraniy pashchatya nayakachya vyaktimatvat chitrit kele, jyachi takad tyachya pramanikpanat aanee saralpanat aahe. tyanni sangharajya aanee antargat lashkari shatru yaa doghanviruddhachya aaplya ladhaya ughadpane chitrit kelya.
ghashachya karkarogashi eka varsh pradirgh sangharshanantar, tyachya kutumbane vedhalele, grant sakali 8.08 vajata maran pavale.emm. 23 julai 1885 roji vayachya 63 vya varshi mount mcgregor cottagemadhye.
tevha lashkarache commanding general asalelya sheridanane serve lashkari chaukyanvar eka divasasathi shraddhanjali vahanyache aadesh dile aanee adhyaksh grover cleveland yanni deshbharat tees divasanchya shokasandeshanche aadesh dile. khajgi sevannantar, sanman rakshakandvare anudanache parthiv eka vishesh antyavidhi trainmadhye thevanyat aale, jee west point aanee newyork shaharakade gelee. antyavidhichya done divas aadhi paav laakh lokanni too pahila. prajasattakchya bhavya sainyatil (gaar) anek diggaj sainikansah hajaro purushanni, done dozen kalya ghodyanni odhalelya anudan petisah varchya manhattonchya shejarchya sakalchya unchivaril nadikathchya udyanat kooch kele. tyachya pathsanchalakanmadhye unionche senapati sherman aanee sheridon, mahasanghache senapati sayman bolliver buckner aanee joseph eae yancha samavesh hota. johnston, edmiral david dixon porter aanee sinetara johnn aii. logan, garche doke. miravnukit rashtrapati cleveland, done majee jiwant adhyaksh heyy aanee arther, rashtrapatinche serve mantrimandal tasech sarvoch nyayalayache nyayadhish heey kasketchya pathopath hote.
newyorkmadheel antyavidhila 15 lakhanchi upasthiti hotee. deshbharatil itar pramukh shaharanmadhye samarambh aayojit kele gele, tarr anudananchi prasiddhi madhyamanmadhye kelee gelee aanee tyanchi tulana george washington aanee abraham linken yanchyashi kelee gelee. grantche parthiv nadikathchya udyanat, pratham tatpuratya thadgyat aanee nantar-baaraa varshannantar, 17 april 1897 roji-general grant national memorialmadhye, jyala "grants thadge" mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, uttar americetil sarvat mothya thadgyat daphan karnyat aale.
aitihasik pratishtha.
american gruhyuddhatil vijayi senapati mhanoon anudan sampoorn uttarela kautukale gele aanee ekandarit tyachi lashkari pratishtha changli rahili aahe. wixbergmadhil vijay aanee apomatoxmadhil sharanagatimule mothee rashtriy khyatee midavalyamule, tyala 'sangharajya vachavnara' senapati mhanoon mothya pramanat shrey dile gele. gruhyuddhavar varchasva gajavanare anudan heey sarvat yashasvi general, union kinwa confederate hote. atishakticha vapar kelyabaddal dakshinekadun teeka kelee jaat asatana, tyachi ekoon lashkari pratishtha abadhit aahe. grantchya madyapanala anekada prasarmadhyamanni atishayokti kelee aanee tyache anek pratispardhi aanee tikakaranni chukiche rudhiprayog kele. kele shatkachya uttaradhat aanee aanee shatkachya suruvatila, 'lost codge' chalval aanee dunning skoolmule anudan sansthechi pratishtha kharab jhaali.
anudanavishayichi matey naveen khalchya patalivar pohochali kaaran tyanchyakade eka ayashasvi adhyaksh aanee eka akushal, jarr bhagyavan asel tarr senapati mhanoon pahile jaat hote. 1950 chya dashakat, kahee itihaskaranni anudanachya lashkari karkirdiche punarmulyankan kele, aanee pashvi shaktine vijete mhanoon anudanache vishleshan yashasvi, kushal, aadhunik rannitikar aanee senapatikade valavale. itihaskar william ess. mcfeelyche charitra, 'anudan' (1981), yala pulitzer puraskar midala aanee anudanat naveen vidvattapoorn ruchi aanali. mcfellycha assa vishvas hota qee anudan haah 19 vya shatkat 'aapali chhap padanyacha' prayatna karnara 'samanya american' hota. hota shatkat, itihaskar jeane edward smith yanni 'anudan' (2001) prakashit kelyanantar itihaskaranmadhye anudanachi pratishtha lakshaniyaritya sudharali. anudanachya adhyakshapadachi matey, anudan qamee padale tarihi, anudanachya vaiyaktik akhandateche, punarrachanechya prayatnanche aanee bharatiyanpratichya shantata dhoranache adhik changle kautuk darshavtat.
etch. doubleu. brandcha 'daad mann huu save daad union' (2012), ronald see. whitechya 'american eulysis' (2016) aanee ronn chernochya 'grant' (2017) neey anudanchya aitihasik pratishthechi vaadh suruch thewali. white mhanale qee anudanane "vinamrata, naitik dhairya aanee drudhanishchayachi eka vishisht bhavna darshavili" aanee adhyaksh mhanoon teey "african american lokansathi ubhe rahile, visheshtah kuu clucks klanane kelelya matdar dadapshahiviruddha ladha". ladha" lokancha assa vishvas hota qee anudan hii "eka apavadatmak vyakti aanee neta" hotee. charles doubleu. calhounche 'daad presidency auph eulysis ess.'. anudan "(2017) neey karyalayatil anudanachya yashanchi nond kelee parantu anudanachi punarujjivit pratishtha" lokpriy chetana "madhye aadhalali qaa asey vicharale.
bhrashtachar rokhanyasathi anudan kitee prabhavi hote yavar itihaskar ajunahi vaad ghalatat. anudan pratishthechya sadhyachya punarvasanapurvi, tyanchya prashasanatil ghotalyanni tyanchya rajkiy pratishthela kalankit kele. lashkari mulyankananusar, anudan haah eka aadhunik senapati aanee "eka kushal neta hota jyala davpech aanee rannitichi naisargik samaj hotee". anudan sansthechi yashasvi nagri yuddh lashkari dhorane olakhali gelee aahet aanee yashasvi vyavsayik paddhatinmadhye tee sweekarli gelee aahet.
itihaskar robbert farley lihitat qee "leecha panth" aanee apomatox yethe leechya parabhavabaddal aanee tyachya punarrachanechya jordar amalbajavanibaddalchya anudanachya dunning shalechya narajimule itihaskaranni anudanala white vaganuk dilee. farley mhanale qee leechya panthat "anudanasathi farshi jaaga nahee, kaaran anudan heey ekmev adhyaksh hote jyanni jordarpane punarrachanecha pathpurava keela aanee krishnavarniyanna manav aanee american asey mananare pahile hote".
2021 chya see-spann sarvekshanat sarvat white teey sarvottam asha kramvarit, anudan 44 adhyakshanpaiki 20 vya kramankavar hote. tyanchya adhyakshapadachya kalat tyanna tyanchya kathit bhrashtacharachya nishedhapeksha punarrachana aanee mutsaddegiriche adhik shrey denyat aale hote.
2022 madhye, anudanachya janmachya dwishatabdinimitta, amerikechya sainyachya generalchya padavar maranottar padonnati 2023 chya sanrakshn pradhikaran vidheyakacha bhag mhanoon anudanasathi adhikrut karnyat aalee. tyaadhi george washington aanee johnn jeey. rashtrapatinni adhikrutata dilee tarr heey padd dharan karnari anudan hii tisari vyakti tharel. anudanachya 200 vya vadhadivashi, 27 april 2022 roji, samanya anudan rashtriy smarkavar (anudan thadge) eka utsav aayojit karnyat aala hota.
smarke aanee rashtrapatinche granthalay.
anek smarakancha sanman anudan. grantchya thadgyabarobarach, eulysis ess. aahe. washingtonmadhil capital hilchya payathyashi asalele smarak anudan, dii.see. shilpkar heinry mervin shrady aanee vastuvisharad edward piercey kesee yanni tayar kelele aanee 1922 madhye samarpit kelele, heey rajdhanichya pratibimbit talavakade durlaksh karate.
eulysis ess. seent jawal rashtriy aitihasik sthal pradan qaraa. lui aanee ohayo aanee eleanoymadhil itar anek thikane anudanachya jivanache smaran karatat. yuu.ess. newyorkmadheel wilton yetheel mount mcgregorchya shikharavar asalele grant cottage steet aitihasik sthal, jyaa gharat tyane tyache sansmaran purn kele aanee maran pavala tyaa gharache jatan karate. shikagochya linken udyanat aanee philadelphiyachya fairmount udyanat lahan smarke aahet. tyachya sanmanarth anudan udyan, tasech paschim aanee madhyapashchim rajyanmadhil anek parganyanchi nave denyat aalee aahet. 3 juuna 1891 roji, danish shilpkar johannes gellert yanni daan kelela kansya putala gallena, eleanoy yetheel anudan udyanat samarpit karnyat aala. 1890 teey 1940 paryant, sadhyachya kings canyon rashtriy udyanachya kahee bhagala 'general grant national park' asey sambodhale jaat hote, jyala general grant sekwoya asey naav denyat aale hote.
meey 2012 madhye, eulysis ess. anudan sansthene sansthechya pannasvya vardhapan dinanimitt, anudanchya adhyakshiy granthalayasathi kayamswarupi sthan mhanoon mississippy rajya vidyapithachi nivad kelee. itihaskar johnn vaay. saymanne grantchya patranche dakshini eleanoy vidyapith presne prakashit kelelya 32 khandanchya vidvattapoorn aavruttit sampadan kele.
1913 pasoon united stateschya pannas-dollarchya notanchya samore grantchi pratima disun aalee aahe. 1921 madhye, eulysis ess. vishesh utsavanche samanvay sadhane aanee anudanachya aitihasik bhoomikechya manyatesathi smarke ubharane yaa uddeshane anudan shatabdi sanghatanechi sthapana karnyat aalee. 10, 000 sone dollars aanee 250,000 ardha dollarschya tankanadvare yaa upkramala arthsahayya karnyat aale. anudanachya janmashatabdichya smaranarth 1922 madhye nanee tayar karoon jaaree karnyat aalee. anudan anek yuu varr dekhil disun aale aahe.ess. tyanchya mrutyunantar paach varshanni 1890 madhye jaaree karnyat aalele pahile tapal tikit.
2020 madhye, junetinth nidarshakanni kansya putala padala, yuu. ess. anudan (1896), sann franciscochya golden gett parkmadhye anudanchya gulamanchya sankshipt malkichya pratisadat.

