bases teel

bases oilcha vapar vangan lavnare teel, motor oil aanee dhatoo prakriya dravpadarth yasah utpadane tayar karnyasathi keela jaato. vegvegalya utpadananna telamadhye vegvegalya rachana aanee gunadharmanchi aavashyakta asate. sarvat mahattvachya ghatakanpaiki eka mhanje vividh tapmananvar dravachi chikatpana. kachchya telache mool teel banavanyasathi yogya aahe qee nahee heey mool telachya renunchya sandratevar tasech teey kitee sahajpane kadhale jaau shakatat yavar avalambun asate.
kachchya telache shuddhikaran karoon bases oilche utpadan kele jaate. yacha arth assa qee kachch teel garam kele jaate jenekarun vividh aasavan ekmekanpasun vegale karata yeil. garam karnyachya prakriyedarmyan, halake aanee judd hydrocarbons vegale kele jaatat-halake hydrocarbons petrol aanee itar indhanansathi parishkrut kele jaau shakatat, tarr judd hydrocarbons bitumen aanee bases auilsathi yogya asatat.
jagbharat mothya sankhyene kachchya telacha vapar kshariy telanchya nirmitisathi keela jaato. sarvat samanya mhanje paraphenic kachchya telacha eka prakar, jaree naphthenic kachchya telanmadhye dekhil qamee tapmanat adhik vidravyata aanee khoop changle gunadharm asaleli utpadane tayar kelee jaatat. hydrogenation tantradnyanacha vapar karoon, jyamadhye uchch dabakhali hydrogencha vapar karoon sulfur aanee sugandh kadhale jaatat, atyant shuddha kshar tele midavata yetat, jee gunvattechya garja visheshtah kathor asatana yogya asatat.
rasayanik padarth-yojak-heey antim utpadananchya gunvattechya garja purn karnyasathi, udaharanarth, gharshan aanee swachchata gunadharmanchya drushtine, bases oilmadhye jodale jaatat. kahee prakarchya motor telanmadhye vees takkyanhun adhik padarth asatat.
khanij telanche utpadan.
khanij ksharyukt teel pratham petroliumpasoon nisyandit kele jaate aanee tyat 26-40 carbon ansh asato. sugandhi sanyuge suruvatila dravak nishkarshanadvare kadhoon takali jaatatah aasavan kapani phenol kinwa ferfural sarkhya abhedya dravkamadhye misalali jaate. heey dravak pradhanyane sugandhi sanyuge changlya prakare virghalate aanee sugandhi sanyuge dravkashi ekatra vegale kelee jaatat.
lamb sakhaliche alken heey menn tayar karatat jeey tulanene uchch tapmanat avkshepit hotat. teey ektar qamee tapmanat menache sfatikikaran karoon kadhale jaatat kinwa tyanna shakhayukt alkenmadhye samasthanikikrut kele jaau shakate. tyanantar urvarit sugandhi sanyuge aanee avashisht heteroatum (nitrogen aanee sulfur sanyuganpramane) kadhoon taknyasathi hydrogenation vividh patalyancha vapar keela jaato.
agadi samanyatah, vishamjantu (nitrogen aanee sulfur sanyuge mhanoon) aanee sugandhi sanyuge kadhoon takali jaatat kaaran tall teel gut 1 pasoon gut 3 paryant hydrogenated kele jaate. jevha enginechi tele jwalansheel vatavaranachya samparkat yetat, tevha heteroatammadhye ghat jhalyane aamlanchi nirmiti qamee hote, aaml enginela hanikarak asatat. sugandhi sanyuganmadhye ghat jhalyamule telachi oxidative sthirata sudharate, jyamule gaal aanee warnish tayar honyas vilamb hoto. tarihi donhi parinamanmule teel qamee dhruviy hote, jyamule teey engine telachya mishrit sanchasathi tasech jamaa jhalelya auxidation upautpadanasathi eka kharab dravak banate.
api vargikaran.
1993 madhye american petroleum institutene (api) kshar telanche paach mukhya gatanmadhye vargikaran kele. rasayanik aanee bhautik vaishishtye 1 teey 3 yaa gatansathi paribhashit kelee jaatat, jee teey kitee shuddha aahet heey pratibimbit karatat, kahee pramanat uchch aanee qamee tapmanachi chikatpana, oxidative sthirata, asthirata ityadinshi sambandhit aahet. gut 4 telanmadhye vyakhyenusar polalfaolephine asatat aanee gut 5 telanmadhye teey asatat jeey mageel konatyahi shreneet basat naheet. vegvegalya ksharyukt telancha vapar keela jaato tevha engine telanchi karyakshamta tikoon rahate yachee khatri karnyat madat karane haah asha vargikaranacha hetu aahe.
gut I.
1930 chya dashakat ugam pavalela, sarvat qamee parishkrut prakar joou dravak shuddhikaranadvare tayar keela jaato. tyat sahasa paramparik petroleum aadharit telancha samavesh asato. 1960 chya dashakat hydro-treatment navachya shuddhikaran prakriyet jhalelya sudharanemule heey kshariy teel purvichya kshariy telanpeksha adhik sthir, qamee pratikriyashil aanee dirghkal tikanare jhaale.
apine gut 1 chee vyakhya ashee kelee aahe qee "bases stoxmadhye 90 takkyanpeksha qamee saturates aanee/kinwa 0.13 takkyanpeksha jaast sulfur asato aanee snigdhata nirdeshank 80 peksha jaast kinwa tyachya barobaricha aanee 120 peksha qamee asato".
gut 2.
1971 madhye ugam pavalele, petroleum bases telache eka changle shreni, jeey anshatah hydrocrackingdware utpadit kele jaau shakate. telatoon serve ashuddhata kadhoon takalya jaatil jyamule rung spasht hoil.
api gut II chee vyakhya ashee karate qee "bases stoxmadhye 90 takkyanpeksha jaast kinwa samatulya saturates asatat aanee 0.13 takkyanpeksha qamee kinwa samatulya sulfur asato aanee snigdhata nirdeshank 80 peksha jaast kinwa samatulya aanee 120 peksha qamee asato".
gut 3.
1993 madhye ugam pavalele, petroleum bases telache sarvat parishkrut shreni, kaaran teey purnapane hydrocracking, hydroisomerisation aanee hydrotreatingdware tayar kele jaatat, jyamule hii tele adhik shuddha hotat.
api gut III chee vyakhya ashee karate qee "bases stoxmadhye 90 takkyanpeksha jaast kinwa samatulya saturates asatat aanee 0.13 takkyanpeksha qamee kinwa samatulya sulfur asatat aanee tyancha chikatpana nirdeshank 120 peksha jaast kinwa samatulya asato".
gut 4.
1974 madhye ugam pavalelya yaa telamadhye polalfaolefinapasun (pao) banavalelya krutrim telancha samavesh hoto. gut 4 bases oilmadhye 125-200 chee chikatpana nirdeshank shreni asate.
polalfaolephine telanmadhye atyant ushnatemadhye jaast oxidative sthirata asate aanee tyat otanyache apavadatmakapane qamee bindu dekhil asatat, jyamule teey atishay thund havamanat (uttar europemadhye aadhaltat) tasech atishay ushna havamanat (madhya purvepramane) vaparnyasathi adhik yogya tharatat.
gut vhee.
1940 chya dashakat ugam pavalele, purvi paribhashit kelelya gatanmadhye namood kelyakherij itar konatyahi prakarche kshar teel. gut vhee telanmadhye alkylated naphthalene (udaa.jee., exonmobil synastic) aanee ester.
anadhikrut vargikaran.
american petroleum institutene (api) anadhikrut bases oil vargikarananna manyata dileli nahee, tathapi, teey mothya pramanat vaparale jaatat aanee motor oil aanee svayanchalit pareshan dravyansathi vikale jaatat.
gut II +.
1990 chya dashakat ugam pavalele, petroleum gut III bases oilche adhik parishkrut shreni, jeey hydro treatmentdware utpadit kele jaate. gut II + kshar telanmadhye api gut II shrenichya varchya tokavar uchch chikatpana nirdeshank asato. snigdhata nirdeshank 110-115 kiman aahe.
gut III +.
2015 madhye ugam pavalelya, gass teey drav (jee. tii. ell.) prakriyedvare utpadit. samooh III + kshariy telanmadhye api gut III shrenichya varchya tokavar khoop uchch chikatpana nirdeshank (vhiechvi) asato. snigdhata nirdeshank 130-140 kiman aahe.
gut vi.
tyat polly-internal-olephine (pio) pasoon banavalelya krutrim telancha samavesh asato.
polly-internal-olephine (pio) tele hii polly-alfa-olephine (pao) sarkhich asatat, parantu adhik chikatpana nirdeshank (vi) midvanyasathi sanshleshan prakriyet vividh rasayne vapartat.

