chukichya vyapticha darr

aakadevarimadhye, khota vyapti darr (eff. see. aar.) haah chukichya vyapticha sarasari darr aahe, mhanje.eae. nivadalelya antaranmadhye, kharey mapdand samavisht karat nahee.
eff. see. aar. samasyemadhye vicharat ghetalelya serve mapdandansathi (1 − "α") × 100% staravar ekach velee coverage dete. eff. see. aar. chaa khota shodh darr (eff. dii. aar.) shhee drudh sambandh aahe. donhi paddhati anek tulananchya samasyeche nirakaran karatat, eff. see. aar. aatmavishvas antarandvare (see. aay. ess.) aanee eff. dii. aar. pii.-mulyachya drushtikonatun.
nivadak nishkarshanmule nishkarshanmule dhokyanmule eff. see. aar. chee aavashyakta hotee. vichar karnyat aalelya vividh gruhitkanna spashtapane soochit naan karata, sanshodhak aanee shastradnya keval detacha mahattvacha manla jaanara bhag nondavtat kinwa thalak karatat. tyamule deta chukichya paddhatine kassa samavisht keela jaato heey samajoon ghene aavashyak aahe. anek eff. see. aar. prakriya aahet jyaa see. aay.-bonferoni-selected-bonferoni-adjusted, adjusted bii. etch.-selected see. aay. ess. (benjamini aanee yekutili 2005) chya lambinusar vaparlya jaau shakatat. eka prakriyepeksha prakriyepeksha prakriyechi nivad karnyache protsahan mhanje see. aay. shakya titkya arund aahe yachee khatri karane aanee eff. see. aar. thevane. sookshm-shreni prayog aanee itar aadhunik anuprayogansathi, mothya sankhyene mapdand asatat, bahutekda hajaro kinwa tyahoon adhik aanee sarvat shaktishali prakriya nivadane khoop mahatvache aahe.
2001 madhye daniele yekutili yanni tyanchya ph. dii. prabandhat eff. see. aar. chee suruvat kelee.
vyakhya.
eff. see. aar. naan thevane mhanje sootra 1 jevha sootra 2, jethe sootra 3 hii kharee null hypothesischi sankhya aahe, sootra 4 hii nakarlelya hypothesischi sankhya aahe, sootra 5 hii khotee positivechi sankhya aahe aanee sootra 6 hii mahatva patali aahe. ekach velee coverage sambhavyata sootra _ 7 asalele antar heey sootra _ 8 neey baddh asalelya eff. see. aar. varr niyantran thevu shakatat.
eff. see. aar. dware sambodhit kelelya samasya.
nivad.
nivadimule sarasari vyapti qamee hote. nivadichi mahitidvare paribhashit kelelya ghatanevar anukulan mhanoon sadar kelee jaau shakate aanee ekach mapdandasathi see. aay. chya vyapti sambhavyatevar parinam houu shakato. tyachpramane, nivadichi samasya pii-mulyanchi moolbhut bhavna badalate. eff. see. aar. prakriya asey manatat qee, nikashansathichya (adnyat) mulyanchya konatyahi sanchasathi konatyahi nivad niyamache palan karoon sashart kavharejache uddisht sadhya karane ashakya aahe. nivadak see. aay. ess. chya babatit kamkuvat malmatta shakya aahe aanee tee khotee coverage statement talhel. eff. see. aar. heey nivadinantarchya madhyantar vyaptiche eka mojmap aahe. mhanoon, jaree a1 − "α" ci nivadak (sashart) coverage dett nasla taree, noow covering ci tayar karanyachi sambhavyata jastit jaast "α" aahe, jethe
nivad aanee bahuvidhata.
gunakar (anek mapdandambaddalcha andaj) aanee nivad yaa donhi goshtincha samna kartana, nivadalelya mapdandanvar kavharejache apekshit praman keval 1 − α varr nahee tarr α varr kavharejachya apekshit pramanaitke nahee, tarr pratyek nivadalelya mapdandasathi marginal sis tayar karoon nantarche dekhil sunishchit kele jaau shakat nahee. eff. see. aar. prakriya nivadalelya mapdandanmadhye tyanchya see. aay. ess. dware samavisht naan kelelya mapdandanche apekshit praman gheuun heey sodavtat, jethe konatehi mapdand nivadle naslyas praman 0 aahe. haah khota coverage-statement rait (eff. see. aar.) haah konatyahi prakriyecha gunadharm aahe joou parameters kasha prakare nivadle jaatat aanee jyaa prakare anek antar tayar kele jaatat tyanusar paribhashit keela jaato.
niyantran prakriya.
ekach velee see. aay. sathee bonferoni prakriya (bonferoni-nivadaleli-bonferoni-samayojit).
jevha aaplyakade m mapdand asatat, tevha bonferoni prakriyesah ekach velee cis, pratyek seemant ci 1 − α/m staravar bandhale jaate. nivadishivay, heey see. aay. ess. ekach velee coverage detat, yaa arthane qee serve see. aay. ess. tyanchya sambandhit mapdandanna cover karanyachi sambhavyata kiman 1 − α aahe. durdaivane, ashee majboot malmatta dekhil nivadinantar sashart vishvas malmattechi khatri dett nahee.
bonferoni-nivadalele-bonferoni-samayojit ekach velee see. aay. sathee eff. see. aar.
bonferoni-bonferoni prakriya sashart coverage deu shakat nahee, tathapi tee <α varr eff. see. aar. niyantrit karate, kharey tarr tee khoop changli karate, yaa arthane qee θ chya mothya mulyansathi eff. see. aar. 0 chya khoop jawal aahe. antaranchi nivad bonferoni chachanivar aadharit asate aanee tyanantar bonferoni sis tayar kele jaate. eff. see. aar. chaa andaj assa aahe qee, bandhalelya see. aay. ess. madhye tyanche sambandhit mapdand samavisht karnyat ayashasvi tharalelya antaranche praman mojale jaate (jevha ekahi nivadle jaat nahee tevha 0 chey praman nishchit kele jaate). jethe nivad hii adlabadal naan kelelya vaiyaktik chachanivar aadharit asate aanee adlabadal naan kelelya see. aay. ess. tayar kelya jaatat.
eff. see. aar.-samayojit bii. etch.-nivadalela see. aay. ess.
pii" mulyanchi kramvari lavlyanantar eff. dii. aar. sathee bii. etch. prakriyet "pii" (1) ≤ "pii" ("emm") aanee "aar" = kamal {"jeey": "pii" ("jeey") ≤ "jeey"; "kyu"/"emm"}, jyaa "aar" null hypothesisasathi "pii" ("aay") ≤ "aar"; "kyu"/"emm" nakarle jaatat. jarr bonferoni prakriyecha vapar karoon chachani kelee gelee tarr eff. see. aar. chee khalchi seema ichchit patali 'kyu' chya agadi khalee jaau shakate, mhanje antar khoop lamb aahe. yaulat, khaleel prakriya lagoo karane, jee bii. etch. prakriyet eff. dii. aar. niyantran chachanisah samanya prakriya ektrit karate, tee dekhil eff. see. aar. sathee qamee maryada dete, "kyu"/2 ≤ eff. see. aar... hii prakriya yaa arthane tikshna aahe qee kahee sanrachanansathi, eff. see. aar. 'kyu' kadey jaate.
1. pii" (1) ≤ ≤ ≤ pii "(" emm ") yaa mapdandanchya sandarbhat emm gruhitkanchi chachani ghenyasathi vaparlya jaanarya pii mulyanchi kramvari lava.
2. r" = kamal {"i": "p" ("i") ≤ "i"; "q"/"m"} moja.
3. jyaa "pii" ("aay") ≤ "aar"; "kyu"/"emm" sathee, nakarlelya gruhitkanshi sambandhit, teey "aar" mapdand nivada.
4. nivadalelya pratyek parametersathi 1 − "r"; "q"/"m" ci tayar qaraa.
sandarbh.
sandarbh
itar srot

