
granthalay sanch

granthalay vidnyan aanee sthapatyashastrat, vachan kshetrachya ulat, eka sanch kinwa pustakancha sanch (jyala anekada granthalay imaraticha 'sanch' mhanoon sambodhale jaate) heey pustak sathavan kshetra aahe. adhik visheshtah, hii sandnya 19 vya shatkat sathavanukichya jagesathi vadhati magani purn karnyasathi vikasit jhalelya lokhandi kinwa poladachya chhapparanchya arund-vedhya, bahustareey pranalicha sandarbh dete. open-stack" granthalay tyachya aashraydatyanna swatahsathi brouse karnyasathi stackmadhye pravesh karanyachi parvanagi dete; "bund stack" mhanje granthalay karmchari vinanti kelyavar aashraydatyansathi pustake punarprapt karatat.
prarambhik vikas.
french vastuvisharad heinry labrostney 1850 chya bibliothech sente-jenevhivhmadhye lohacha agraganya vapar kelyanantar lagechach bibliothech national dii francesathi chaar majali lokhandi sathyachi nirmiti kelee. 1857 madhye, british granthalayat talvelya lokhandi majlyasah bahustareey dheeg basavanyat aale. 1876 madhye, william aar. harvard vidyapithatil gor holsathi warene eka stack tayar keela. bahutek imaratinmadhye aadhalanaya sanrachanatmak sambandhanchya ulat, yaa pustakanchya dhigaonyanche majale chhapparanna aadhar dett navhate, tarr ulat, farshanna chhapparanchya chaukatishi jodale jaat hote aanee aadhar deela jaat hota. agadi imaratichya chhapparavaril bhaar aanee dhigaonyakhalchya konatyahi gair-chhappar jagancha (jase qee karyalaye) bhaar dekhil chhappar pranalidvarech imaratichya payavar pathavala jaau shakato. imaratichya bahya bhinti lifafa mhanoon kaam karatat parantu konatihi mahattvapoorn sanrachanatmak aadhar puravat naheet.
congressche granthalay aanee sneed pranali.
congresschya granthalayachi thomas jefferson imarat 1897 madhye purn jhaali. yethech yaa prakarchya pustakancha sangrah pratham vaparla gela. bandhkam prabhari abhiyanta bernard richardson green hote. tyane gor hallchya rachnet anek badal kele, jyat serve-dhatuchya chhapparanchya vaparasah. haah karar sneed aanee company ironworksney jinkla, jyane pudhe jaaun deshbharatil granthalayanmadhye tyachi pramanit rachana sthapit kelee. ullekhaneey udaharane mhanje harvard yetheel rund vachanalay aanee newyork sarvajanik granthalayatil gulab vachan kakshala aadhar denara saat starancha sanch.
congresschya pustakanchya sanchanchya pustakanchi rachana aanee paytant greenne kele hote. jaree rachana cast lokhandi asali taree, shelfs patal yuu section steelchya pattyanpasoon banvilya gelya hotya, jyaa samatulya pine shelfaitke halake asavet. yuu vibhagacha varcha prushthbhag jaminila chikatavalela, polish kelela aanee 'laakh' kelela hota (lakhache ghatak dnyat naheet). hiravya rangane stackchi rachana modular karnyasathi kelee aahe, jee payya aanee majale samavisht karoon eka swatantrapane ubhe asalelya sanrachanatmak ghatak mhanoon anek majale unch ubharanyas saksham aahe aanee agadi chhatavaril sanrachanela aadhar denyas saksham aahe. tyanni shelfchi rachana kelee jenekarun teey konatyahi boult kinwa fixingchi aavashyakta naan thevata sadhya lug pranalicha vapar karoon pustakanchya aakaranusar julavun gheu shaktil. jaree pustakanche dheeg sushobhit kele gele hote aanee agadi sopya paddhatine sushobhit kele gele hote, taree teey yantrayugatil audhyogik rachaneche aahet.
ughade viruddha bund stack.
konatyahi granthalayachi rachana aanee vyavasthapan kartana, tyache dheeg "ughade" asateel qee "bund" heey mahattvache nirnay asatat. khulya sanch asalelya granthalayat, sangrah brouse karnyasathi aanee tyanna aavadana vastoo punarprapt karnyasathi aashraydatyanna sanchamadhye pravesh karnyas mokalik asate. bund-sanch asalelya granthalayat, keval granthalayatil karmchanyannach sanchamadhye parvanagi asate; sanrakshakanni tyanna havee asaleli pustake olakhanyasathi soochicha vapar karane aavashyak aahe aanee karmchanyanna tee parat midvanyachi vinanti karane aavashyak aahe. 19vya shatkachya uttaradhaparyant, bahutek sarvajanik granthalayanmadhye bund-sanch pranali hotee, parantu tyaa shatkachya akheris khulya sanchanchi lokpriyata vadhali.
open-stack pranaliche eka ullekhaneey samarthak johnn cotton daana hote, jeey 1889 madhye denver sarvajanik granthalayache pramukh jhaale.
pahilya kahee karnegi granthalayanmadhye bund-sanch pranali vaparali gelee, parantu nantar karnegi granthalayanchi rachana khulya sanchansah karya karnyasathi kelee gelee.
1915 teey 1952 paryant sneed companyche adhyaksh asalele angus sneed mcdonald yanni bund stackmadhun modular, open-plan librarinmadhye sankraman karnyache samarthan kele.