kriyakalap gunank

thermodynamicsmadhye, kriyakalap gunank haah eka ghatak aahe joou rasayanik padarthanchya mishranachya aadarsh vartanapasoonchya vichalanasathi vaparla jaato. eka aadarsh mishranamadhye, rasayanik prajatinchya pratyek jodimadhil sookshm parasparkriya samaan asatat (kinwa sthooldrushtya samatulya, dravanacha enthalpy badal aanee mishranatil aakarmanatil farak shoonya asato) aanee parinami, mishranache gunadharm thet vyakt kele jaau shakatat.jee. roultcha niyam. aadarshatepasunchya vichalananche ekagratela "kriyakalap gunank" neey sudharit karoon samayojan kele jaate. tyachpramane, vayuncha samavesh asalelya abhivyakti fugacity gunankadware aanshik daab mojoon gair-aadarshatesathi samayojit kelya jaau shakatat.
kriyakalap gunank sankalpana rasayanshastratil kriyakalapanshi jawalun jodaleli aahe.
thermodynamic vyakhya.
dravanchya aadarsh mishranatil kinwa aadarsh dravanatil padarth buub chee rasayanik kshamata, sootra _ 1, khalilpramane dilee jaateh
jethe "micro" hii shuddha padarth sootra _ 3 chee rasayanik kshamata aahe aanee sootra _ 4 heey mishranatil padarthacha moll ansh aahe.
heey likhitaritya gair-aadarsh vartanacha samavesh karnyasathi samanyikrut kele aahe.
jevha sootra _ 6 hii mishranatil padarthachi kriya asate,
jethe sootra _ 8 haah kriyakalap gunank aahe, joou swatah sootra _ 9 varr avalambun asoo shakato. sootra _ 8 1 chya jawal yet asatana, padarth aadarsh asalyasarkha vagato. udaharanarth, jarr sootra _ 8 ± 1 asel, tarr roultcha niyam achook aahe. sootra _ 8> 1 aanee sootra _ 8 <1 sathee, padarth buub haah anukrame raultchya niyamapasoon sakaratmak aanee nakaratmak vichalan darshavito. sakaratmak vichalan mhanje padarth buub adhik asthir aahe.
anek prakarananmadhye, sootra _ 9 shunyavar jaat asatana, padarth b chaa kriyakalap gunank sthirankakade jaato; haah sambandh dravkacha heinrycha niyam aahe. gibbs-dumem samikaranadvare heey sambandh ekmekanshi sambandhit aahet.
lakshat ghya qee sarvasadharanpane kriyakalap gunank heey parimanahin asatat.
tapashilavarah roultcha niyam sangato qee ghatak buub chaa aanshik daab tyachya vafechya dabashi (sampruktata daab) aanee drav tappyat tyachya moll apurnank sootra _ 9 shhee sambandhit aahe.
adhiveshanasaha
sootra _ 17
deto shabdantah shuddha dravpadarth heey aadarsh cases darshavtat.
anant patal jhalyavar, kriyakalap gunank tyachya maryadit mulyachya jawal pohochato, sootra _ 8 φ. henrichya niyamashi tulana,
lagech deto
deto shabdantah sanyug patal kesamadhye gair-aadarsh vartan darshavite.
jarr sanyug shuddha drav mhanoon astitvat nasel tarr kriyakalap gunankchi vareel vyakhya avyavharik aahe. electrolytes kinwa jaivarasayanik sanyuganchya babatit heey anekada ghadate. asha prakarananmadhye, eka vegali vyakhya vaparali jaate jee anant patal hone hii aadarsh sthitee manateh
sobat
sootra _ 22
aanee
done prakarchya kriyakalap gunankanmadhye farak karnyasathi yethe sootra _ 24 chinh vaparale gele aahe. sahasa teey vagalale jaate, kaaran sandarbhavarun spasht hote qee konatya prakarcha arth aahe. parantu ashee prakarane aahet jithe donhi prakarche kriyakalap gunank aavashyak aahet aanee samaan samikaranat dekhil disu shakatat, eae.jee., (paanee + alcohole) mishranatil ksharanchya dravanansathi. heey kadhikadhi chukanche kaaran asate.
moll apurnank kinwa sandrata kriyakalap gunankadware sudharit kelyane ghatakanchya "prabhavi kriya" midatat aanee tyamule aadarsh aanee gair-aadarsh donhi mishrananvar roultcha niyam aanee samtol sthirankansarkhya abhivyakti lagoo karata yetat.
vidyut rasayanshastrachya sandarbhat kriyakalap gunankanche dnyan visheshtah mahatvache aahe kaaran ionic vatavaranachya prabhavanmule electrolyte dravananche vartan bahudha aadarsh nasate. yavyatirikt, dravkache praman qamee asalyamule aanee parinami, electrolytes uchch praman asalyamule teey matichya rasayanshastrachya sandarbhat visheshtah mahatvache aahet.
ionic dravan.
dravanat aayanikaran tayar padarthanchya dravanasathi, catayan aanee aayanche kriyakalap gunank ekmekanpasun swatantrapane prayogikdrushtya nishchit kele jaau shakat naheet kaaran dravanache gunadharm donhi aayanvar avalambun asatat. ekal aayan kriyakalap gunank heey virghalalelya electrolytechya kriyakalap gunankala, jase qee teey visangat asale, tase jodalele asane aavashyak aahe. yaa prakaranat virghalalelya electrolytecha sarasari stoikiometric kriyakalap gunank, "γ" ±, vaparla jaato. yala stoikiometric mhanatat kaaran teey dravanachya aadarshatepasun honare vichalan aanee ionic sanyugache apoorn ionic pruthakkaran, jeey visheshtah tyachya ekagratechya vadhimule hote, heey donhi vyakt karate.
1: 1 electrolytesathi, jase qee aine. aii. see. ell. sathee, teey khalilpramane dile jaateh
jethe sootra _ 26 aanee sootra _ 27 heey anukrame cashion aanee aayanche kriyakalap gunank aahet. 
adhik samanyatah, sootra _ 28 chya sanyugacha sarasari kriyakalap gunank khalilpramane deela jaatoh
eka-aayan kriyakalap gunank saiddhantikdrushtya mojale jaau shakatat, udaharanarth db-huckle samikaran vaparoon. prayogik mulyanshi tulana karata yeil ashee sarasari moolye denyasathi mojalele ekal-aayan kriyakalap gunank ekatra karoon saiddhantik samikaranachi chachani kelee jaau shakate.
ekal aayan kriyakalap gunank swatantrapane mojata yenyajoge naheet kinwa kadachit sharirikdrushtya arthaheen aahet yaa prachalit drushtikonachi mule 1920 chya dashakachya uttaradhat guggenheimchya karyat aahet. tathapi, rasayanshastradnya ekal aayan kriyakalapanchi kalpana aanee ekal aayan kriyakalap gunank soochit karoon kadhihi sodu shakale naheet. udaharanarth, piechchi vyakhya hydrogen aayan kriyakalapancha nakaratmak laghuganak mhanoon kelee jaate. jarr ekal aayan kriyakalapancha bhautik arth aanee mojmap karnyayogyatebaddal prachalit drushtikon yogya asel tarr piechchi vyakhya hydrogen aayan kriyakalapancha nakaratmak laghuganak mhanoon kelyas teey praman chauraspane aparimit shreneet thewale jaate. hii tarkik adchan olakhoon, shuddha aanee upayojit rasayanshastrache aantarrashtriy sangh (iupac) asey sangate qee piechchi kriyakalap-aadharit vyakhya hii keval eka kalpanatmak vyakhya aahe. ekal aayan gunank mojanyavishayi prachalit nakaratmak drushtikon asoonahi, sahityamadhye ekal aayan kriyakalapanchya sankalpanevar charcha suru aahe aanee kiman eka lekhak keval ushmagatikiy pramananchya sandarbhat ekal aayan kriyakalapanchi vyakhya sadar karato aanee keval ushmagatikiy prakriyanvar aadharit ekal aayan kriyakalap gunank mojanyachi paddhat prastavit karato.
kendrit ionic dravan.
ekagra ionic dravanansathi aayananche hydration vicharat ghetale pahije, jase qee 1948 pasoon tyanchya hydration modelmadhye stokes aanee robinsondware kele gele aahe. electrolytecha kriyakalap gunank vidyut aanee sankhyikeey ghatakanmadhye eae dware vibhagala gela aahe. glucoff joou robbinson-stokes modelmadhye badal karato.
sankhyikeey bhagat jalsanchayan nirdeshank kramank, pruthakkaranatun aayananchi sankhya aanee electrolyte spasht daadh aakarman aanee paanee aanee daadh aakarman yanchyatil gunottar yancha samavesh hoto.
kriyakalap gunankatil ekagra dravan sankhyikeey bhag aaheh
itar tapaskartyanni dekhil stokes-robbinson modelche vishleshan kele aahe aanee tyat sudharana kelee aahe.
kriyakalap gunankanche prayogik nirdharan.
gair-aadarsh mishrananvar mojmap karoon kriyakalap gunank prayogikdrushtya nishchit kele jaau shakatat. aadarsh mishranache moolya pradan karnyasathi roultcha niyam kinwa heinrycha niyam vaparla jaau shakato jyachya viruddha kriyakalap gunank prapt karnyasathi prayogik mulyachi tulana kelee jaau shakate. ausmotic dabasarkhe itar sanyojan gunadharm dekhil vaparale jaau shakatat.
radiochemical paddhati.
kriyakalap gunank heey radiochemical paddhatindware nirdharit kele jaau shakatat.
anant patal honyavar.
binary mishranansathi kriyakalap gunank bahutekda pratyek ghatakachya anant patal honyavar nondavale jaatat. kaaran kriyakalap gunank models anant patal honyavar sope hotat, asha anubhavjanya mulyancha vapar parasparsanvad urjecha andaj lavnyasathi keela jaau shakato. panyachi udaharane dilee jaatatah
kriyakalap gunankanchi saiddhantik ganana.
db-huckle samikaran kinwa davies samikaran, pitzer samikarane kinwa tii. see. pii. see. model yasarkhya vistarancha vapar karoon electrolyte dravananchya kriyakalap gunankanchi ganana saiddhantikdrushtya kelee jaau shakate. vishisht aayan parasparsanvad siddhant (siit) dekhil vaparla jaau shakato.
jarr ghatak-vishisht kinwa pratikruti mapdand upalabdh asateel tarr, electrolyte nasalelya dravanansathi, unicac, aine. aar. tii. ell., moses kinwa unifac yasarkhya parasparsambandhi paddhati vaparlya jaau shakatat. cosmo-rs hii eka saiddhantik paddhat aahe jee pratiman mapdandanvar qamee avalambun asate kaaran aavashyak mahitee prushthbhagachya bhaganchya sankhyikeey thermodynamics upcharansah pratyek renusathi (sigma profile) vishisht quantum yantriki gananetoon midavali jaate.
charge naan kelelya prajatinsathi, kriyakalap gunank "γ" 0 bahutekda lavan-baher kadhanyachya pratimeche anusaran karatoh
heey sadhe model anek prajatinchya (carbon dioxide, dioxide, aine. etch. 3, undisolated acid aanee bases yasarkhya virghalalelya undisolated vayunchya) uchch ionic samarthyachya (5 moll/kiloparyant) kriyakalapancha andaj lavte. karbanaday oxidesathi sthirank 'buub' chey moolya 10°seey. varr 0.11 aanee 330°seey. varr 0.20 aahe.
dravak mhanoon panyasathi, "aaa" doubleu kriyakalap vaparoon ganana kelee jaau shakateh
jethe 'ν' mhanje virghalalelya mithachya eka renuchya pruthakkaranatun tayar tayar aayananchi sankhya, 'b' mhanje panyat virghalalelya mithachi molality, 'φ' haah panyacha ausmotic gunank aahe aanee sthirank 55.51 haah panyachi molality darshavito. vareel samikaranat, dravkachi (yethe paanee) kriya hii mithachya kananchya sankhyechya viruddha dravkachya sankhyechya ulat pramanat darshavili jaate.
ionic vyasala joda.
ionic kriyakalap gunank haah electrolytes debby-huckle siddhantatun prapt sutradvare ionic vyasashi jodala jaatoh
jethe "a" aanee "b" heey sthirank aahet, "zi" hii aayanchi sanyojak sankhya aahe aanee "i" hii ionic shakti aahe.
rajyachya mapdandanvar avalambun rahane.
tapmanachya sandarbhat kriyakalap gunank vyutpann atirikt daadh enthalpiecy sambandhit aahe 
tyachpramane, dabasandarbhat kriyakalap gunank vyutpann atirikt daadh aakarmanashi sambandhit asoo shakate.
rasayanik samatolasathi vapar.
samtol sadhatana, abhikarkanchya rasayanik kshamatechi berries hii utpadananchya rasayanik kshamatechya berries itaki asate. pratikriyansathi gibbs mukt urja badal, δr "g", yaa berijmadhil farkachya barobaricha aahe aanee mhanoon, samatolavar, shoonyachya barobaricha aahe. asha prakare, asha samatolasathi
pratyek abhikarkachya rasayanik kshamatesathi abhivyaktimadhye badal karah
punarachanevar hii abhivyakti banate
rakkam 
 sootra _ 40 haah abhikriyesathicha manak mukt urja badal aahe. 
tyamule,
samtol sthirank kuthe aahe? kriyakalap aanee samtol sthirank heey parimanahin sankhya aahet heey lakshat ghya.
heey vyutpann done uddishte purn karate. heey manak mukt urja badal aanee samtol sthirank yanchyatil sambandh darshavate. heey asehi darshavate qee samtol sthirank haah kriyakalapancha bhag mhanoon paribhashit keela jaato. vyavharikdrushtya heey gairsoyiche aahe. jevha pratyek kriyakalap ekagrata aanee kriyakalap gunank yanchya gunakarane badalala jaato, tevha samtol sthirank ashee paribhashit keela jaatoh
jethe [s] heey s, ityadinche ekagratas soochit karate. vyavharat samtol sthirank eka madhyamat asha prakare nirdharit kele jaatat qee kriyakalap gunankacha bhagank sthir asato aanee tyakade durlaksh kele jaau shakate, jyamule nehamichya abhivyaktila chalana milate.
jeey kriyakalap bhagala vishisht (sthir) moolya aahe yaa atinkhali lagoo hote.

