
colling adhiveshan

sanganak vidnyanat, coll convention hii eka amalbajavani-stariy (nimn-stariy) yojana aahe, jyamadhye sabrutin kinwa functionsla tyanchya kolkartyakadun mapdand kase midatat aanee teey parinam kassa detat. jevha kahee code ekhadya functionla coll karatat, tevha tyaa functionmadhye parameters kuthe aanee kase pathvile jaatat aanee tyaa functionmadhun parinam kuthe aanee kase parat kele jaatat yasathi designchi nivad kelee jaate, hii hastantarane samanyatah vishisht rajistardware kinwa coll stackveryl stack framemadhe kelee jaatat. function colchi tayari karanyachi aanee function purn jhalyanantar vatavaran punarsanchayit karanyachi kaame coll karnara aanee callie yanchyat kashee vibhagali jaatat yasathi rachana nivadi aahet. kahee colling convention pratyek functionla kase coll kele pahije heey nirdisht karate. pratyek function colsathi yogya colling parampara vaparali pahije, jenekarun yaa functionscha vapar karoon sampoorn programchi yogya aanee vishvasarh amalbajavani houu shakel.
parichay.
colling convention samanyatah application binary interfacecha (abi) bhag manale jaatat. 
sambandhit sankalpana.
mapdandanchi nave kinwa arth aanee paratava moolye hii anuprayog programming interfacemadhye (aii. pii. aay., aii. bii. aay. chya viruddha) paribhashit kelee jaatat, jee aii. bii. aay. aanee colling conventionshi vegali taree sambandhit sankalpana aahe. paar kelelya sanrachana aanee vastunmadhil sadasyanchi nave dekhil aii. pii. aay. chaa bhag manali jaatil, abicha nahee. kadhikadhi epismadhye functionsasathi colling convention nirdisht karnyasathi mukhya shabd samavisht asatat.
colling conventionmadhye samanyatah gatishil-vatap kelelya sanrachana aanee vastoonchya ayurman hatalanyachi mahitee samavisht nasate. coll conventionmadhye rachana aanee vastunmadhil vastunchi mandani nirdisht karanyachi shakyata nahee, jase qee bite aurder kinwa structure packing. kahee bhashansathi, colling conventionmadhye truti kinwa apavad hatalanicha tapasheel samavisht asato, (udaa.jee. jaa, jaava) aanee itaransathi, teey hott nahee (udaa.jee. see + +). durastha prakriya colsathi, marshelling navachi eka samaan sankalpana aahe. colling convention heey ekhadya vishisht programming bhashechya moolyankan dhoranashi sambandhit asoo shakatat, parantu bahutek vela tyacha bhag manale jaat nahee (kinwa ulat), kaaran moolyankan dhoran sahasa uchch amoort staravar paribhashit kele jaate aanee vishisht bhashechya sankalakchya nimn-stariy amalbajavani tapashilapeksha bhashecha eka bhag mhanoon pahile jaate.
vividh colling convention.
coll convention khalilpramane bhinn asoo shakatatah 
ekach vyaspithavar adhiveshananna bolavane.
kadhikadhi ekach vyaspithavar anek colling convention disatat; dilele vyaspeeth aanee bhasha amalbajavani colling conventioncha paryay deu shakate. yachya karananmadhye kamgiri, itar lokpriy bhashanchya paramparanche anukulan aanee vividh "sanganakeey manchanni" ladalele nirbandh kinwa parampara yancha samavesh hoto. 
anek vastukalemadhye keval eka vyapakpane vaparali jaanari colling parampara asate, jee anekada vastuvishardane suchavali asate. spark, mips aanee risk-vhee yasah riskasathi, yaa colling conventionver aadharit register nave anekada vaparali jaatat. udaharanarth, emm. aay. pii. ess. nondanidware 'abii nave' asatat, jee manak colling conventionmadhye paar honanya parametersathi tyancha vapar pratibimbit karatat. (risk cpusemadhye anek samatulya samanya-uddesh nondani aahet, tyamule tyanna sankhyanvyatirikt itar nave denyache konatehi hardware kaaran nahee.)
dilelya karyakramachya bhasheche colling convention heey antargat platform, oes kinwa kahee librarishi jodalya jaananya colling conventionpeksha vegale asoo shakate. udaharanarth, 32-biit windower, operating system collmadhye "stdcl" colling convention asate, tarr tethe chalanare anek see program "cdcl" colling convention vapartat. colling conventionmadhil heey farak samavoon ghenyasathi, sankalak anekada dilelya karyasathi colling convention nirdisht karananya mukhya shabdanna parvanagi detat. karya ghoshananmadhye atirikt munch-vishisht mukhya shabdancha samavesh asel jeey vaparnyasathi colling parampara darshavtat. jevha yogyaritya hatalale jaeel, tevha sankalak yogya paddhatine coll functionsasathi code tayar karel.
kahee bhasha tyaa karyasah vishisht karyasathi colling conventionla parvanagi detat; itaranmadhye kahee colling convention asateel parantu teey tyaa bhashechya vaparkartyanpasun lapavale jaatil aanee mhanoon samanyatah programarsathi vichar keela jaanar nahee.
sthapatyakala.
x86 (32-biit).
x86 sanrachanechi 32-biit aavrutti anek vegvegalya colling paramparansah vaparali jaate. sthapatyashastriy nondinchya qamee sankhyemule aanee sadhepana aanee lahan code-aakaravar aitihasik laksh kendrit kelyamule, anek x86 colling parampara stackver yuktivad karatat. paratava moolya (kinwa tyavar eka nirdeshak) nondinmadhye parat kele jaate. kahee parampara pahilya kahee mapdandansathi nondincha vapar karatat jyamule kamgiri sudharu shakate, visheshtah lahan aanee sadhya paan-dincharyansathi (mhanje.eae. jyaa dincharya itar dincharya mhanat naheet).
udaharan collah
 ex daba; kahee nondani nikal uttirn qaraa
 devered [eae. bii. pii. + 20] daba; kahee memory chull (fassum/tassum vakyarachana) paas qaraa
 3 daba; kahee sthirank paas qaraa
 coll calc; parat aalela nikal aata ex madhye aahe
vishisht callie rachanah (kahee kinwa serve (nivrutt vagalata) khaleel soochana sopya prakriyanmadhye anukool kelya jaau shakatat). kahee parampara, 'parameter' aivaji 'plain' vaparoon, nirdharit keleli jaaga sodatat. asha paristhitit, phone karnara yaa udaharanat, kinwa anyatha espmadhye badal karoo shakato.
gananah
 eae. bii. pii. daba; juna frame pointer jatan qaraa
 vishesh karoon, naveen frame pointer midwa
 up-visheshtah, sthanik; sthanikansathi rakheev stack jaaga
 . ; ganana qaraa, parinam ex madhye thewa
 move esp, ebp; sthanikansathi mokali jaaga
 popp eae. bii. pii.; juna frame pointer punarsanchayit qaraa
 paramacise punha qaraa; mukt parameter jaaga aanee parat.
x 86-64.
x86 sanrachanechya 64-biit aavrutti, jyala x 86-64, AMD64 aanee intell 64 mhanoon olakhale jaate, tyat done colling anukram samanya vaparat aahet. microsoftney paribhashit kelela eka colling kram, windower vaparla jaato; dusra colling kram, joou aii. emm. dii. 64 pranali v abimadhye nirdisht keela aahe, too yuniksasarkhya pranalindware aanee kahee badalansah, openvy. emm. dware vaparla jaato. x 86-64 madhye 16-biit x86 peksha adhik samanya-uddesh nondani asalyane, donhi parampara nondinmadhye kahee yuktivad paar padatat.
haat (aii 32).
manak 32-biit arm colling convention 15 samanya-uddesh nondani asha prakare vatap karateh
parat kelelya mulyacha prakar jarr r0 teey r3 madhye basnyaitka motha asel kinwa jyacha aakar sankalan velet sthirpane nirdharit keela jaau shakat nasel, tarr coll karananya vyaktine dhavnyachya velee tyaa mulyasathi jaaga vatap karane aavashyak aahe aanee tyaa jaaget eka nirdeshak r0 madhye pathvane aavashyak aahe.
sabarutinane aar4 teey aar11 madheel samagri aanee stack pointer jatan karane aavashyak aahe (kadachit tyanna function prologmadhil stackmadhye jatan karoon, nantar tyanna scratch space mhanoon vaparoon, nantar function epilogmadhil stackmadhun punarsthapit karoon). visheshtah, itar subrutinla 'coll karananya sabarutinane, tyaa itar subrutinla coll karnyapurvi, aar14 nondanichya duvyatil paratava patta stackver jatan karane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, asha sabarutinana teey moolya aar14 varr parat karanyachi aavashyakta nahee-parat yenyasathi tyanna fakt teey moolya aar15, program countermadhye loaded karave lagel.
arm colling conventionmadhye purn-utaratya stackcha vapar karane anivarya aahe. yavyatirikt, stack pointer nehmi 4-bite sanrekhit asane aavashyak aahe aanee nehmi sarvajanik interfaces function colver 8-bite sanrekhit asane aavashyak aahe.
yaa colling conventionmule 'vaishishtyapurn' arm sabrutin tayar hoteh
haat (aii64).
64-biit arm (aii. aar. see. 64) colling convention 31 samanya-uddesh nondani asha prakare vatap karateh
x' neey suru honanya serve nondinmadhye 'w' neey purvalikhit kelele sambandhit 32-biit nond asate. asha prakare, 32-biit x0 laa doubleu0 mhanatat.
tyachpramane, 32 floating-point register asha prakare vatap kele jaatatah
power, powerpeacy aanee power aay. ess. aii.
power, powerpeacy aanee power isa architecturemadhye mothya sankhyene register asatat, tyamule bahutek karye 'single level' colsathi rajistarmadhye serve argument paas karoo shakatat. stackver atirikt yuktivad dile jaatat aanee bahu-stariy coll (punaravrutti kinwa anyatha) vaparale gele asalyas aanee register jatan karane aavashyak asalyas coll kelelya karyasathi soyiskar mhanoon nondani-aadharit yuktivadansathi jaaga dekhil nehmi stackver vatap kelee jaate. heey vividh prakarchya karyanmadhye dekhil upayukt aahe, jase qee, jethe karyachya argumentna arrey mhanoon pravesh karane aavashyak aahe. serve prakriyatmak bhashansathi ekach colling parampara vaparali jaate.
shakha aanee duva soochana paratava patta samanya-uddesh nondanipasun vegalya vishesh duva nondanimadhye sathavatat; niyamitpane coll karnanyakade shakha nirdeshasah parat yeto joou duva nondanicha gantavya patta mhanoon vapar karato. patranchya nityakramanna duva nondani sanch jatan kinwa punarsanchayit karanyachi aavashyakta nahee; patra nasalelya nityakramanni dusya nityakramane coll karnyapurvi paratava patta jatan karane aavashyak aahe aanee too parat yenyapurvi too punarsanchayit karane aavashyak aahe, vishesh uddesh nondani nirdeshatun halavoon tee jatan karoon duva nondani samanya-uddesh nondanivar halavane aanee aavashyak asalyas tee stackmadhye jatan karane aanee jarr tee sathavali gelee asel tarr tee stackmadhye punarsanchayit karane, jatan keleli link nondani moolya samanya-uddesh nondanivar loaded karane aanee nantar vishesh uddesh nondani soochana vaparane, jyat jatan keleli link-nondani moolya asaleli nondani link nondanivar halvinyasathi.
mips.
oo32 abii hii sarvat samanyapane vaparali jaanari abii aahe, kaaran tee mool pranali wii. abii phaur mipsmadhye aahe. heey katekorpane stack-aadharit aahe, yuktivad karnyasathi keval chaar nondya upalabdh aahet. keval 16 nondinsah eka pracheen floating-point models yaa samajalya jaananya mandatemule itar anek colling paramparanchya prasarala protsahan midale aahe. abine 1990 madhye aakar ghetala aanee 1994 pasoon kadhihi adyayavat keela gela nahee. teey fakt 32-biit mipsabaddal paribhashit kele gele aahe, parantu jee. see. see. neey oo64 navacha 64-bitcha farak tayar keela aahe.
64-bitsathi, silicon graphiksdware aine64 abii (nintendo 64shhee sambandhit nahee) sarvat jaast vaparla jaato. sarvat mahattvachi sudharana mhanje aata yuktivad paar karnyasathi aath nondya upalabdh aahet; tyamule floating-point nondyanchi sankhya dekhil 32 paryant vadhate. aine32 navachi eka ilp32 aavrutti dekhil aahe, jee x32 abic samaan asalelya lahan kodasathi 32-biit nirdeshak vaparte. donhi see. pii. yuu. chya 64-biit mode antargat chalatat.
oo32chya jaagi aine32 sarkhe disana 32-biit abiche badal karnyache kahee prayatna kele gele aahet. 1995chya eka parishadet mipsbybeacha vichar aala, jyasathi 32-biit aavrutti agadi sarkhich hotee. eae. aii. bii. neey mips tantradnyanala adhik aamulagra "nubi" abii prastavit karnyasathi prerit kele jeey paratavyachya mulyasathi yuktivad nondincha atirikt vapar karate. mipsbybee jisisidware samarthit aahe parantu llvmdware samarthit nahee; tasech nubila dekhil samarthan dett nahee.
serve oo32 aanee aine32/aine64 sathee, paratava patta nondanimadhye sangrahit keela jaato. (udee aanee duva) kinwa (udee aanee duva nondani) soochananchya vaparane heey aapoaap seet kele jaate. dheeg khalchya dishene vadhato.
spark.
bahutek risk architecturechya ulat, spark architecture, nondani khidkyanvar bandhale gele aahe. pratyek nondani patalat 24 praveshyogya nondani aahet-8 heey 'inn' nondani aahet (% i0-% i7), 8 heey 'lokal' nondani aahet (% l0-% l7) aanee 8 heey 'out' nondani aahet (% o0-% o7). coll kelya jaananya karyasathi yuktivad pathvanyasathi 'inn' register vaparale jaatat aanee konatehi atirikt yuktivad stackver dhakalane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, sambhavya nondani vindo overflo, sthanik chull hatalanyasathi aanee (32-biit sparkvar) mulyanusar sanrachana parat karnyasathi coll kelelya karyadvare nehmich jaaga vatap kelee jaate. ekhadya functionla coll karnyasathi, functionla coll karnyasathiche argument 'out' rajistarmadhye thewale jaatat; jevha functionla coll kele jaate, tevha 'out' register 'inn' register hotat aanee coll kelele function tyachya 'inn' rajistarmadhil argumentmadhye pravesh karate. jevha coll kelele function purn hote, tevha teey paratavyache moolya pahilya 'inn' rajistarmadhye thevate, jeey coll kelele function parat aalyavar pahile 'out' register banate.
pranali v abii, jee bahutek aadhunik unix sarkhya pranali anusaran karatat, pahilya sahaa yuktivadanna 'inn' nondinmadhye% i0 teey% i5 madhye paar karatat, frame pointersathi% i6 aanee paratavyachya pattyasathi% i7 aarakshit karatat.
aay. bii. emm. pranali/360 aanee uttaradhikari.
aay. bii. emm. pranali/360 hii hardware stack nasaleli aanakhi eka rachana aahe. khaleel udaharane 64-biit zed/architecturechya parichayapurvi oes/360 aanee uttaradhikarindware vaparlele colling convention spasht karatat; pranali/360 sathichya itar operating sistimmadhye bhinn colling convention asoo shakatat.
coll karyakramah
 laa 1, argus yuktivad soochicha patta bharit karate
 ell 15, = aii (up) bhaar sabrutin patta
 14, 15 shakhela niyamit 1 mhanatat
 pahilya yuktivadacha aar. jee. ess. dii. see. aii. (pahila) patta
 dii. see. aii. (dusra)
 dc a (tisra) + x '80000000' shevatcha yuktivad
karyakram mhanatatah
 sub ikv * haah subprogramcha pravesh bindu aahe
manak pravesh kramah
 *, 153 vaparoon
 ess. tii. emm. 14,12,12 (13) nondani sanchika jatan qaraa
 13 vaa, + 4 save qaraa coll karananyache save eriya adder
 12, sakhali bachat kshetra jatan qaraa
 12, 8 (13)
 ell. aar. 13,12
manak paratava kramah
 ell 13, save + 45
 ell. emm. 14,12,12 (13)
 ell 15, reteval 6
 bii. aar. 14 coll karnanyankade parat jaa
 dii. ess. 18eff save eriya 7 jatan qaraa
nondih
linuxmadhye vaparlya jaanarya pranalimadhye/390 abii aanee zed/architecture abimadhyeh
stackver atirikt yuktivad dile jaatat.
super.
teepah callie sevingsathi 'sanrakshit' rakheev; 'hummy' sathee dekhil tech lagoo hote.
68keey.
motorola 68000 malikesathi sarvat samanya colling parampara aaheh
aay. bii. emm. 1130.
aay. bii. emm. 1130 heey eka lahanse 16-biit shabd-pattyache yantra hote. tyat fakt sahaa nondvastu aanee sthitee nirdeshak hote aanee tyat konatahi sanch navhata. nondani "soochana patta nondani (aay. aii. aar.)", "sanchayak (aii. see.)", sanchayak vistar (aii. see.) aanee teen nirdeshank nondani x1-x3 aahet. colling program aii. see., aii. see., ex. tii., ex. 1 aanee ex. 2 jatan karnyasathi jababdar aahe. subrutinla coll karnyasathi done chhadm-operations aahet, naun-relocable sabrutin thet mukhya programshi jodalelya kodasathi aanee "transfer vector" dware relocable library subrutinla coll karnyasathi. donhi syudo-ops "shakha aanee sanchayan aay. aii. aar. () yantra soochana tharavatat jee pudhil soochanecha patta tyachya prabhavi pattyavar (eae. aii.) aanee shakha eae. aii. + 1 varr sanchayit karate.
yuktivad sahasa yaa yuktivadanche eka-shabd patte aahet, jyala nityakram mhanatat, kitee yuktivad apekshit aahet heey mahit asane aavashyak aahe jenekarun teey paratalyavar tyaa sodoon jaau shaktil. vaikalpikaritya, yuktivad nondinmadhye parit kele jaau shakatat. karya dincharyene vastavik yuktivadansathi kinwa vastavik sankhya syudo-sanchayik (eff. aii. see.) mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya smrutee sthanasathi aii. see. madhye parinam parat keela. sabaruteenchya pahilya thikani sathavalelya aay. aii. aar. mulyachya offsetcha vapar karoon yuktivad aanee paratava patta sambodhit keela gela.
aay. bii. emm. 1130, see. dii. see. 6600 aanee pii. dii. pii.-8 madheel sabrutin (tinhi sanganak 1965 madhye sadar karnyat aale hote) sabaruteenchya pahilya thikani paratava patta sathavatat.
yantra sanrachanechya baherchya adhiveshananna coll karane.
code threaded.
threaded code coll kelelya kodvar function coll kelyanantar seet up karanyachi aanee saaf karanyachi serve jababdari thevato. colling code coll karnyasathi subrutinchi yadee karnyashivay kahihi karat nahee. heey serve karya mandani aanee safsafaicha code ekach thikani thevate-karyacha prastavna aanee upasamhar-karya karananya anek thikani nahee. yamule threaded code haah sarvat sankshipt colling parampara banato.
threaded code stackveryl serve yuktivad paas karato. paratavyachi serve moolye stackver parat kelee jaatat. yamule nondanimadhye adhik moolye thevana adhiveshananna bolavanyapeksha nishkapat amalbajavani mand hote. tathapi, threaded code amalbajavani jee nondanitil anek sheersh stack moolye cashey karate-visheshtah, paratava patta-sahasa sabrutin colling paramparanpeksha vegwan asatat jeey nehmi paratava patta stackver dhakaltat aanee popp karatat.
pii. ell./aay.
pii. ell./aay. bhashet lihilelya programsathi purvanirdharit colling parampara sandarbhadvare serve yuktivad paas karate, jaree itar parampara paryayipane nirdisht kelya jaau shakatat. vegvegalya sankalak aanee manchansathi yuktivad vegalya prakare hatalale jaatat, parantu samanyatah yuktivad patte smrutitil yuktivad yaditoon dile jaatat. paratavyache moolya thevanyasathi ekhadya kshetrakade nirdesh karnara antim, lapalela patta deela jaau shakato. pii. ell./aay. dware samarthit vividh prakarchya deta prakaranmule, udaharanarth, varn kinwa biit stringchi lambi, arrechi pariman aanee seema (dope vector) kinwa deta sanrachanechi mandani aanee samagri paribhashit karnyasathi deta discriptor dekhil pathavala jaau shakato. "dummy argument' heey sthir asalelya kinwa tathakathit prakriyechya apeksha asalelya yuktivadachya prakarashi sahmat nasalelya yuktivadansathi tayar kele jaatat.