operation gidhad

 
operation gidhad () heey prastavit yooche naav hote.ess. 1954 madhye philipinesmadhye bii-29 chhapyandware dian bien foochya ladhait french sainyachi sutka karnari moheem. pahilya indochin yuddhadarmyan french sainyadlala vhiet minhane vedhale hote. jevha british sarkarne aapala pathimba denyas nakar deela (jeey operation pudhe jaanyasathi eisenhowerla aavashyak hote), tevha yojana radd karnyat aalee aanee parinami french sainyane operation condor aayojit kele, jeey vedhalelya french unionchya chhavaniviruddha viate minh tofkhanache halle kamkuvat karnyacha prayatna hota.
parshvabhoomi.
general vho nguen giap yanchya netrutvakhalil viate minh sainyane frenchanna vedha ghatala aanee vedha ghatala, jyanna viate minhchya vimanvirodhi bandukansah judd tofkhana asalyachi mahitee navhati. 13 march 1954 roji aupcharikpane ladhai suru jhalela hallah suru jhaala. french tofkhanyanchya chaukya kahee tasantach kosalalya aanee jakhami vachalelyanchi eka nirashajanak gardi diane bien foochya chhawani rugnalayat suru jhaali. frenchanni tofkhana aanee havai shaktisah pratyuttar denyacha prayatna keela, jyat sumare 30 us see-119 udatya boxcarscha samavesh hota, jyaa viate minh tofkhanyavar naplum padnyasathi sudharit kelya gelya hotya aanee pramukhyane nagri havai vahatukichya american karmcharyandvare udavalya gelya hotya, jee mejarne sthapan keleli kantrati viman company hotee. jaann. clair lii chenault, mhanat mahayuddhachya udatya vaghancha pramukh. diane bien phoo keval havai thembadware puravala jaau shakat hota aanee viate minh tofkhana themb kshetracha prabhavi aakar qamee karat asalyane puravatha karane aanee punarprapt karane katheen jhaale. 27 march roji french cole. havai punarpurti prayatnanche prabhari adhikari jeane-louis nikot yanna thembachi unchi 2,000 futanvarun 8,000 futanparyant vadhavavi lagali. drop zonchi achookata qamee jhaali aanee kahee puravatha apariharyapane viate minhchya hatat padala. frenchanni, cygon yetheel kahee americi americi protsahanasah, dian bien phoola vachavanyasathi americene prachand havai hallah suru karnyasathi kathor dabav aanala.
french-american baithak.
giapcha prarambhik hallah suru jhalyanantar keval daha divasanni, french chief auph staff general paul ellie, dhorankartyansamor french prakaran dakhal karnyasathi washingtonla aala. charchemadhye general ellie, yuu yancha samavesh hota.ess. rajya sachiv johnn foster dools aanee edmiral arther doubleu. radford, yuu. aii. chey adhyaksh.ess. karmchari sanyukt pramukh. 20 march 1954 roji washington yethe jhalelya baithakit, edmiral radfordne general elila, diane bien phoo yethe frenchanna vedha vedha whitminh sainyavar bombfake karnyasathi, sanyukt rajyanna, tonkinchya aakhatatil 7 vya tafyatil vimanansah, philipinesmadhil 60 bii-29 bombfecki vimanancha vapar karnyache aavahan karnari yojana prastavit kelee. american hastakshep kartil yaa bhavnene ellie baithakitun door gela aanee tyane tabadtob parisla sangitale qee tyala tyaa sandarbhat radfordchi aashvasne aahet.
yojana.
yaa yojnet okinawa aanee phillipinesmadhil 98 bii-29 vimanancha samavesh hota, jeey vhiet minhchya tabyat asalelya sthananvar 1,400 tunn bomb taktil. yaa yojanechya aanakhi eka aavruttimadhye, aamchya satvya tafyatil vahakanni pathavalelya 150 ladhau vimananchya pathimbyane, yaa pradeshatil aamchya talanvarun 60 bii-29 vimane pathvanyachi kalpana kelee hotee, jeepchya sthananvar bombfake karnyasathi hotee.
yaa yojnet frenchanchya samarthanarth viate minh sthananvar teen lahan anubomb vaparnyacha paryay samavisht hota. sanyukt pramukhanni samarik anushastra tainat karnyachya yojana aakhalya, yuu.ess. vahak jahaj tonkinchya aakhatat gele aanee vataghatidarmyan diane bien phoovaroon hergirichi uddane ghenyat aalee. amerikechya sarvoch lashkari adhikari radford yanni yaa anuaayut paryayala pathimba deela. us bii-29, bii-36 aanee bii-47s heey satvya tafyatil viman vahoon nenyapramanech anoo hallah karoo shakale asate. edmiral radford heey operation gidhadasathi sarkarmadhil pramukh aavaj hote, tyanni eka abhyasacha hawala dett sangitale qee teen samarik anubomb "yogyaritya vaparale" tarr teey diane bien phoo yethe frenchanna vedha vedha whitminh sainyacha nirnayakpane chendamenda kartil aanee tyadvare eka vishisht parabhavache vijayat rupantar kartil.
yuu.ess. havai dalache commanding officer, general nathan eff. julvyaj, samarthit gidhad, parantu yoocha samanya mathev utaar.ess. lashkarala tivra virodh hota. ridgavene sangitale qee dian bien phoo yetheel french chhavanila keval havai shakti vachavu shakat nahee aanee keval saat yoochi bandhilaki assa yuktivad keela.ess. lashkarache vibhag frenchanna vachavu shakale. rigvene pudhe assa yuktivad keela qee jarr americene vhietanammadhye hastakshep keela tarr chinahi ashach prakare hastakshep karel. diane bien phoo haah vhietanamchya uttarekadil bhagat sthit hota, jyane tyala chinchya jawal thewale aanee chinane 1950 madhye corian yuddhat hastakshep keela hota, kaaran sanyukt rashtranni uttar koriyamadhye pravesh karane haah tyachya surakshesathi dhoka hota. jarr chinane vhietanammadhye hastakshep keela tarr rigvene yuu.ess. vijay midvanyachi sandhee milanyasathi lashkarala vhietanammadhye baaraa vibhaganchi aavashyakta asel. rigvene assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "indochin nirnayak lashkari uddishtanpasun vanchit aahe" aanee chinviruddha aanakhi eka bhuyuddha ladhane "heey maryadit yuche gambhir valane asel.ess. kshamata. ridgavela vatale qee, eka naudalpramukh mhanoon radford haah chiinii shaktila nakarnara navhata aanee corian yuddh sampalyanantar eka varshapeksha qamee kalavadhit americene punha chinviruddha chinviruddha rajkiy dhokyambabat too aandhala hota, jyamule sanyukt pramukhanvar khoop matbhed nirman jhaale. rijwe haah yuu madheel eka gatacha neta hota.ess. punha kadhihi naan' assa sangh mhanoon olakhale jaanare sainya, jyane corian yuddhala, jeey american drushtikonatun anirnit rahile, teey samadhankarak parinam manale aanee ashiyamadhye, visheshtah chinviruddha aanakhi eka bhuyuddha ladhanyas tyancha tivra virodh hota.
uparashtrapati richard nixon aanee rajya sachiv johnn foster dools heey doghehi gidhadasathi hote aanee vhietanammadhil samyavad thambavane aavashyak aahe assa yuktivad karat eisenhowerla teey swikarane katheen hote. 1945 madhye hiroshima aanee nagasakivar jhalelya anubombasfotambaddal eisenhowerla swatah khoop aparadhi vatale aanee eka baithakit edmiral radford aanee general twinning yanna sangitaleh "tumhi mule vedich asal. daha varshanpeksha qamee kalavadhit kalavadhit aapan ashiyai lokanviruddha tyaa bhayanak goshtincha vapar karoo shakat nahee. deva!"eisenhower shevati gidhad chalavanyas tayar jhaala, parantu jarr congressne pratham tyachi manjuri dilee aanee jarr gret brittonne tyat sameel honyas sahmati darshavali. eka patrakar parishadet eisenhower mhanaleh "joparyant teey jaheer karnyasathi kongresvar thevalelya ghatanatmak prakriyecha parinam nasel toparyant yuddhat amerikecha sahbhag rahnar nahee. aata heey aapan spasht karuya ". eisenhower american rajyaghatanetil tyaa kalamacha sandarbh dett hote, jyane congressla yuddh ghoshit karnyacha adhikar deela hota.
amerikechya operation mhanoon mhanoon kalpanela virodh karat, pann anglo-american operation mhanoon swikaranyas tayar asalelya, congresschya donhi sabhagruhanchya netyanni eisenhowerchya manjurichya vinantila eka sandigdha uttar dile. congresschya netyanni rashtradhyakshanna tyanchya swatachya vivekbuddhine vhietanammadhye anvastre vaparnyacha adhikar denara tharav manjur karnyasathi nixonchi lobbing nakarli, parantu british sameel jhaale tarr teey punarvichar karnyas tayar hote. yaa tharawala virodh virodh congress netyanpaiki eka hote sinetche alpasankhyak nete lindon bii. johnson. american patrakar stanly carno yanni lihile qee 1954 madhye johnsonne eisenhowerla indochinmadhye yuddh karnyacha adhikar denara tharav manjur karnyas virodh keela haah eka motha viparyas hota. 1954 madhye johnson jyaa tharawala virodh karat hota too 1964 madhye adhyaksh mhanoon tyanni yashasviritya magalelya tankinchya akhatatil tharavasarkhach hota. eisenhowerla tyanchya bajoone asey vatale qee brittonne sameel hone aavashyak aahe, asey mhanat mhanat mahayuddhatil senapati mhanoon tyanchya anubhavanchya aadhare asey mhatleh "mitra aanee aanee, neta keval eka sahsi aahe, changej khansarkhach". eisenhowerche karmchari pramukh, sherman admus yanni nantar 1981 madhye eka mulakhatit carnola sangitaleh "eka varshapurvi koriyamadhye laal chinashi eka purn yuddh talhalyamule, jevha tyanna sanyukt rashtrancha pathimba hota, tevha teey indochinmadhye mhanatalaaa chithavanyachya manahsthitit navhate...british aanee itar pashchatya mitrarashtranshivay.
tyapalikade, eisenhower vhietanammadhil french dhoranambaddal asamadhani hote. 1949 madhye frenchanni vietnamla nammatra swatantrya dile hote, jyamule samrat baao daee yanchya netrutvakhali vietnam rajya tayar jhaale. februwari 1950 madhye, americene vietnam rajyala, donald aar. heath yanchi cygonmadhil pahile american rajdoot mhanoon niyukti karnyat yet aahe. tathapi, heey sarvadoor dnyat hote qee samrat haah eka kathputali neta aanee french vasahatvadi nagri sevak ajunahi prabhari asalyane vhietanamache rajya eka dhongipanache hote. samratche tyachya sainyavar aanee arthvyavasthevar konatehi niyantran navhate, jeey donhi french french rajya hote. vietnam rajyache nammatra swatantrya asoonahi, desh pratyakshat ajunahi eka french vasahat hota aanee eisenhowerne anekada samrat baao daila adhik adhikar denyasathi frenchanvar dabav aanala hota, assa yuktivad karat qee communist vhietminhchya aavahanala aala ghalanyacha haah sarvottam marg hota. eisenhowerchya drushtikonatun, vietnam rajyala adhik swatantrya denyachya frenchanchya aashvasananshivay hastakshep karane, americase francechya vatine vasahatvadi yuddh ladhanyasathi vachanbaddha karel.
eisenhower yanni british pantpradhan winston churchill yanna patra lihoon united kingdamla hastakshep karanyachi vinanti kelee, jyat mhatale hote qee 1930 chya dashakapeksha paristhiti vegali navhati jevha itar rashtre "ekatmatene aanee velenusar kaam naan karoon" nazi germanyla rokhanyat ayashasvi tharali. hastakshepasathi khatala dakhal karnyasathi dulsla londonla pathvanyat aale hote, parantu tyache jordar swagat karnyat aale. pararashtra sachiv surr anthany eden, jeey soviet pararashtra mantri vyacheslav molotov yanchyasobat aagami jinevache saha-adhyaksh mhanoon kaam karnar hote, tyanni hastakshepala virodh keela aanee dools yanna sangitale qee tyancha desh "anyaykarak lashkari nirnayanmadhye adakanar nahee". haus auph commonsesmore kelelya bhashanat charchilane sangitale qee gret britton "konatehi upkram denyas tayar nahee...jenevhachya parinamanchya aadhi indochinmadhye. jastit jaast, churchill aanee eden yanni dulsla vachan dile qee britton aagney aashiyasathi nato-prakarchya sanghatanet sameel honyas tayar aahe, jee nantar september 1954 madhye aagney ashiya karar sanghatana (seato) mhanoon tayar karnyat aalee.
operationchya virodhat nirnay.
vhietanamvaril tathakathit "baaj" asalele upadhyaksh nixon yanni asey suchavale qee yuu.ess. kadachit 'american mulanna aat aanave lagel. rashtradhyaksh eisenhower yanni britishanchya pathimbyavar american sahbhag nishchit keela, parantu londonne tyala virodh keela. keval havai hallah yuddh tharvu shakanar nahee, asehi eisenhowerla vatale. asha prakarchya karvaisathi french havai dall apure vikasit jhaale hote aanee tyanna yu. ess. chee tivrata vadhavayachi navhati ashee chinta tyanni vyakt kelee.ess. american vaimanikancha vapar karoon yuddhat sahbhagi hone. akheris, british pantpradhan winston churchill yanni vhietanammadhye british hastakshepachi kalpana nakarli, jyamule gidhad marle gele. rajkiy jokhim sambhavya fayadhyanpeksha jaast aahe yachee khatri patalyane eisenhowerne hastakshep naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala.

