
tetanura

tetanura (/ːtːtːnjuːriː/kinwa "kadak shepati") hii eka vanshavali aahe jyat bahutek theropod dynasorecha samavesh hoto, jyat megalosauroids, allosauroids, tyrenosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, compsognatheeds aanee maniraptorance (pakshyansah) yancha samavesh hoto. tetanuransachi vyakhya ashee kelee jaate qee serve theropods heey 'seratosaurus' peksha aadhunik pakshyanshi adhik jawalche sambandhit aahet aanee tyat bahutek shikari dynasorechi vividhata aahe. tricykchya uttaradhat tetanura bahudha tyachya bhagini gut, seratosauriyapasun vegala jhaala. tetanura haah jivashma nondinmadhye pratham jurasicchya suruvatichya kalat sumare 190 mayae madhye disala aanee madhya jyurasikparyant jaagtik staravar vitarit jhaala hota.
yaa gatala 1986 madhye jacks gauthiyarne naav dile hote aanee mulat tyache done mukhya upasamuh hoteh carnosauria aanee koelurosauriya, heey vansh jyamadhye pakshi aanee sambandhit dynasore jase qee compusognathides, tyrenosaurides, ornithomimosaurs aanee maniraptorance yancha samavesh hota. mool carnosauria haah eka polyphylatic gut hota jyamadhye konatyahi mothya mansahari theropodcha samavesh hota. tyrenosauridsarkhya gauthiyarchya anek carnosaursche tevhapasoon koelurosaurs kinwa adim tetanurance mhanoon punha vargikaran kele gele aahe. carnosauriyache, neotatenura/evetheropoda nodavareel coellurosauriapasun vibhakt honanya allosauridscha samooh mhanoon punarvargikaran karnyat aale aahe. megalosauroidiyache sadasya besal tetanurance pratinidhitva karatat asey manale jaate, parantu alikadil shodhanni asey darshavile aahe qee teey carnosauriyache sadasya asoo shakatat jeey karnosauriyachya mool arthakade parat vistarat aahet. tathapi, heey manya kele jaate qee megalosauroids, allosauroids aanee coellurosaurian heey serve orionidesche sadasya aahet, tetanuramadhil eka upasanch jyamadhye chundongkoelurus aanee kayentevanetar sarkhya pranyanpeksha vyutpann dynasore asato. 
tetanuran utkrantiche vaishishtya mhanje anek vanshanchya samantar vaividhya, varanvar mothya shariracha aakar aanee samaan gatishil aakarvidnyan prapt karane. "cryolophosorus" haah yaa gatacha pahila kharaa sadasya asalyacha dawa keela gela aahe, parantu tyanantarchya abhyasanmadhye too diophosaurid aahe qee tetanuran yavar matbhed aahet. arkuchi aanee koria (2003) yanni 'zupaisaurus' chey prarambhik tetanuran mhanoon vargikaran kele, parantu nantar tyala diophosaurids, seratosore aanee tetanurans asalelya vanshasathi bhagini vargikaran mhanoon thevanyat aale.
tetanuranchya samayik vaishishtyanmadhye aadhunik pakshyanpramanech atyadhunik havah-sack-haveshir fuffus pranali darshavinari eka palee samavisht aahe. yaa patrasobat pragat parisancharan pranali asel. tetanuranchya itar vaishishtyapurn vaishishtyanmadhye hatacha chautha ank nasane, kakshet agrabhagi maxillary daat basavane, pattyasarkha scapula, maxillary fenestrey aanee kadak shepati yancha samavesh hoto. jurasicchya uttaradhat aanee suruvatichya cretasius kalat, mothe spinosaurids aanee allosaurs bharbharatila aale parantu cretasiuschya samaptipurvi uttar golardhat bahudha maran pavale aanee tyanchya jaagi tyrenosauride coellurosaursne sarvoch shikari mhanoon tyanchi jaaga ghetali. kiman dakshin americet, carcarodontosaurid allosaurs mesozoic yugachya shevataparyant tikoon rahile aanee naun-avian coellurosourschya kalatach teey maran pavale.
aakarvidnyan.
shareer rachnashastra.
tetanuransmadhye kavatichi done moolbhut aakararachana asate. kavaticha pahila prakar, joou 'allosaurus' sarkhya mothya theropodsmadhye samanya aahe, too seratosourcemadhye samanya aahe aanee tetanuransasathi adim asoo shakato. yaa prakarat, kavati unchapeksha sumare tippat lamb asate, jyat eka zagmagatya nakasah aanee lacrimals, anunasik aanee agrabhagachya bajoone shinge kinwa spike yasarkhya varanvar vistar asatat. kavatichya dusya prakarat kavati qamee aanee lamb asate, kavatiche chhappar qamee vistrut asate aanee naak adhik lamb asate. samayik tetanuran vaishishtyanmadhye maxillary fenestra (antorbital fosamadhye eka ughadane), jugalbandimadhye vayaveey utkhanan aanee kakshachya purvela maxillary datanchi sthitee yancha samavesh hoto. spinosauridae vagalata, tetanurancemadhye mageel kavatimadhye farsa badal keela jaat nahee.
postcranial sangadyat, tetanurance heey besal tetanuransmadhil sarvat adim theropod aakarvidnyanamadhye coellurosaursmadhil adhik vyutpann, pakshyasarkhya avasthankade sankraman karatat. bahutek tetanuransmadhye mangatachi vishesh hadey asatat, hatacha chautha ank nasane kinwa qamee hone, pattyasarkha scapula, kadak shepati aanee laminar estragler aarohan prakriya asate. pragat tetanuransmadhye pakshyanpramanech atyadhunik vayoo-sack-haveshir fuffus pranali aanee pragat parisancharan pranali asel. megalosaurids aanee allosauridsmadhe, femoral headchi abhimukhata seratosorasasarkhi anteromedial asate, parantu evetheropodsmadhye hii abhimukhata purnapane madhyavarti asate. tetanuran locomotor morphology tulanene samanyikrut aahe, jyamadhye vargamadhye kahee farak aahet.
tetanuransachya hatanmadhye, jawalun sambandhit asalelya seratosourcechya hatanpeksha vegale, chauthe boat nasate. suruvatichya tetanuranskade ajunahi metacarple IV hota, parantu too avashesh hota aanee aata botancha bhag navhata. tridactile manus pakshyanmadhye jatan kele gele. besal seratosaur "celtriovenator" chaa purava soochit karato qee tetanuranche ank II, III aanee IV aivaji I, II aanee III aahet.
shariracha aakar.
besal tetanurance heey kharokharach vishal sharirache aakar prapt karnare pahile theropods hote, jyat megalosauride aanee allosauride donhi prakarche vajan 1 tanpeksha jaast hote. tyanantarchya vanshanmadhye mothya sharirachya aakarache anukramik tatpurte swaroop aakar-chakrancha eka namuna suchavate, jyat vidyaman vishal rupanchya namsheshimule naveen, adhik pakshyansarkhya theropod gatane badalanyachi parvanagi milate, joou nantar vishal sharirachya aakarat dekhil vikasit jhaala. tathapi, ekach paleoen vatavaranat ekach velee ekapeksha jaast vishal tetanuran astitvat asanyachi shakyata aahe, kadachit khanyachya savayitil badalansah. bahutek dynasorechya vanshanmadhye, tapletchya niyamanusar, kalantarane shariracha aakar vadhanyacha cull hota. coellurosaurian theropods heey sharirachya aakarachya vadhichya namunyasathi ullekhaneey apavad aahet.
abhyasacha itihas.
vargikaranacha itihas.
tetanurela 1986 madhye gauthiyarne olakhale aanee naav dile. sarvat aadhi shodhalele naun-avian tetanuran mhanje "megalosaurus". megalosaurus" chya varnananantar eka shatkasathi, bahutek mothya mansahari dynasorena theropod kramvarit megalosauridae kutumbat anukramane mandanyat aale hote. 1914 madhye, friedrich vonn hyuenne lahan, halakya aakarache form infrerder celeurosauria aanee mothya taxamadhye infrerder pacipodosoriamadhye vegale kele. nantar, tyane mothya, mansahari vargache hastantaran naveen infrerder karnosauriyamadhye kele, jyamadhye "seratosaurus" vyatirikt serve dnyat mothya sharirachya mansahari pranyancha samavesh jhaala. aakar-aadharit vyavastha gauthiyarparyant kayam rahili, jyane naveen cladistic vishleshananchya aadhare carnosauria aanee koelurosauriyachi punarvyakhya kelee parantu atty kayam thevalya. gauthiyarne koelurosauriyachi vyakhya karnosauriyapeksha pakshyanchya jawalche pakshi aanee theropods yancha samavesh asalela eka vargikaran mhanoon kelee aanee karnosauriyamadhye anek mothya sharirachya theropod vargikarananchi yadee kelee parantu aupcharikpane gut paribhashit keela nahee. yapaiki anek mool carnosaursche tevhapasoon coellurosaurs kinwa adim tetanurance mhanoon punarvargikaran karnyat aale aahe aanee karnosauriyachi vyakhya aata 'allosaurus' mhanoon kelee gelee aahe aanee serve evetheropods pakshyanpeksha 'allosaurus' chya jawal aahet.
prarambhik claudistics abhyasanni allosauridschya cledmadhye syrial outgroup mhanoon adim megalosaurschya vyavasthela samarthan dile, tyanantar coellurosauria. tyanantarchya abhyasanmadhye asey aadhalun aale aahe qee yapaiki anek besal tetanuransane eka kharaa vansh tayar keela, jyala megalosauroidia kinwa paryayipane spinosauroidia mhanatat.
vartaman jatijanan.
sadhyachi phylogeny monophylatic tetanyuravar sahmat aahe jyamadhye monophylatic coellurosoriachya baher samanyatah mothya sharirachya besal taxanchi malika samavisht aahe. colophysoids heey tetanurasathi besal aahet, jyat seratosauria eka bhagini varg tayar karate joou tricykchya uttaradhat vegala jhaala.
tyanchya suruvatichya dekhavyanantar, tetanura done mukhya vanshanmadhye vikiranit jhaale, spinosauroidia kinwa megalosauroidia aanee avetheropoda kinwa neotetanura. spinosauroidia heey besal tetanurance pratinidhitva karatat asey manale jaate. neotataneura/avetheropoda nodavar, allosaurids heey coellurosoriapasun vegale hotat. tyrenosauridae heey koelyurosauriyamadhye thewale gele aahe. allosaurids aanee tyanche sarvat jawalche natevaik eka punarrachit carnosauria tayar karatat. allosaurids spinosauroids/megalosauroids clade tayar karatat qee nahee aanee allosauroidia heey koelurosauriasah evetheropodamadhye aahe qee megalosauroidiachi bhagini tacks tayar karate aanee megalosauroidia vaidh clade tayar karate qee nahee yabaddal vaad suru aahe.
khalee sadar kelela cladogram 2013 madhye zano aanee makoviki yanni prakashit kelelya jatijanya vishleshanache anusaran karato.
2019 madhye, rauhat aanee pole yanni 'asphaltovenator violidady' chey varnan kele, jeey tetanuremadhye disana adim aanee vyutpann vaishishtyanche mosack pradarshit karnare besal allosauride aahe. tyanchya jatijanya vishleshanat paramparik megalosauroidia haah alosauroidiachya sandarbhat paraphyllatic asalelya carnosaurschya besal shreniche pratinidhitva karato asey aadhalale. 
jivashmashastra.
jaiv bhoogol.
naun-avian tetanuracha jaivbhaugolik itihas 11 kotee varshanhun adhik kaal aanee serve khandanmadhye pasarlela aahe. pangeaachya vighatanepurvi pramukh vanshanchi upasthiti yaa vanshanche vyapak failav soochit karate, nantarchya anupasthiti pradeshik viluptata kinwa failav ayashasvi honyache soochit karatat. tetanurachya jaivbhaugolik utkrantiche tapshilvar vishleshan pradan karnyasathi namunyanchi ghanata sadhya apuri aahe.
vividhata.
tricykchya uttaradhat, 200 maay. peksha jaast kaal tetanura aanee seratosauria vegale jhaale asanyachi shakyata aahe. jurasicchya suruvatiparyant, tetanura jivashma jivashma nondinmadhye disatat aanee madhya jyurasikparyant jaagtik vitaranaparyant pohochale. jurasicchya uttaradhat, jivashma nondi megalosauroids aanee evetheropods yaa donhimadhye anek cledchi vyapak upasthiti darshavtat. megalosauroidiyamadhye pietnitzkysouridae aanee megalosauridae yaa done jurassic vanshansah uchch vividhata hotee, tasech cretaceous spinosauridae dekhil hote. tetanuran utkrantimadhye vividhatechya laata disun yetat, jaree heey asman namunyanmule asoo shakate. jurasicchya uttaradhat aanee suruvatichya cretasius kalat, mothe spinosaurids aanee allosaurids bharbharatila aale, parantu nantarche bahudha senomenian-turonian seema ghatanemule cretasiuschya samaptipurvi maran pavale, tarr spinosaurids heey santonianpasoon olakhale jaatat. tyanantar lavkarach sthaliy shikhar shikariche sthan seratosaurs aanee tyrenosauridsne bharale, jeey antim cretaceous sthaliy parisansthanvar varchasva gajavat hote. coellurosaurs mesozoic yugachya akherparyant tikoon rahile. aadhunik pakshi heey tetanurache ekmev jiwant pratinidhi aahet.