
gonutoxin

gonutoxin (jee. tii. ex.) heey kahee sarkhech vishari renu aahet jeey naisargikaritya shaivaladvare tayar kele jaatat. teey saxitoxin gatacha bhag aahet, neurotoxincha eka motha gut aanee eka renu jyala saxitoxin (stx), neosaxitoxin (nstx) aanee decarbamolsaxitoxin (dcstx) asehi mhanatat. sadhya aath renu gonutoxin gatala niyukt kele jaatat, jyanna gonutoxin 1 (jee. tii. ex.-1) teey gonutoxin 8 (jee. tii. ex.-8) mhanoon olakhale jaate.
vishari shaivalanni dooshit kelelya molaskachya sevanane gonutoxin sevan kelyane ardhangvayu shelfish vishbadha (pii. ess. pii.) navacha manvi aajaar houu shakato.
naisargik srot.
gonutoxin naisargikaritya anek sagari dynophlagelets prajatindware ("alexandrium" sp., "gonulox" sp., "protogonulax" sp.). yaa vishari padarthanmule honare ardhangvayuche kavach asalelya mashanche vish 'laal bharati' mhanoon olakhalya jaananya dynophlagelet fulanshi jodalele asate, jaree panyacha rung aavashyak nasla taree. vishari padarth tayar karnyas saksham asalelya jivanche threshold concentration heey sarvat qamee drishyaman shodhanyayogya concentrationpeksha qamee asate. tyanantar shelfishdware vishari padarth ghetale jaatat aanee jaiv sanchayanatun jaatat.
rachana.
saxitoxin samoohacha eka bhag mhanoon, gonutoxinchi rachana 2,6-diamino-4-methyl-pyrolo [1,2-see]-purin-10-oel sangadyavar (jyala saxitoxin-gonutoxin sangad asehi mhanatat) aadharit asate. vegvegale renu keval tyanchya paryayannusar ekmekanpeksha bhinn asatat, tyapaiki kahee keval jee. tii. ex.-2 aanee jee. tii. ex.-3 sarkhya keval stereoisomerismdware bhinn asatat.
undaranvar chachani kelelya uchch karyakshamatechya drav chromatographidware (etch. pii. ell. see.) gonutoxin shodhanyayogya aahet.2009 madhye, jaleey utpadananmadhye gonutoxin 2 kinwa 3 shodhanyasathi monoclonal pratipinde vikasit kelee gelee. shodhanyachi maryada 0.74 microgram prati millilitarpeksha qamee mojali jaate.
sanshleshan.
gonutoxin naisargikaritya upalabdh asale taree, tyapaiki kahee sanshleshan prakriya dekhil dnyat aahe. udaharanarth, gonutoxin 2 heey ell-serine methyl esterpasoon gonutoxin 3 dware sanshleshit kele jaau shakate. yaa prakriyet pratham ell-serine methyl esterver eldehydes upchar kele jaatat, jenekarun teey ringchi rachana bund karnyasathi pratikriya deu shakel. tayar kelele elil heey ess. oo. 3. see. see. see. ell. 3. chya jodanidware sanrakshit kele jaate.
tyanantar gwanidines aar. etch.-utprerit aminikaran abhikriyeche anusaran kele jaate, jee. tii. ex.-3 chee trikreey chaukati tayar hote. yaa prakriyet anek abhikriyanche tulanene asthir madhyavarti teen sanrakshn gut vaparoon sudharit kele jaatat. heey gut kadhoon takalyane utpadan mhanoon 11β-hydrosaxitoxin milate, jeey nantar see 11-alcoholver sulfate kele jaeel. see11 varr epimerization ajunahi honyasathi, ph 8 varr jaleey dravanat utpadan ubavoon gtx-2 tayar hote.
vishbadha aanee aajaar.
vishavidnyan.
pratyek saxitoxinpramanech, gonutoxin heey neurotoxin asatat aanee tyamule ardhangvayuyukt shelfish vishbadha (pii. ess. pii.) mhanoon olakhala jaanara rog hoto. manavansathi yaa vishari padarthancha 1 teey 4 migratcha eka doses aadhich pranghatak aahe. shelfishmadhye prati 100 gramm vajanat 10 microgrampeksha jaast gonyotoxin asoo shakate, jyamule kahee masselche sevan manavasathi aadhich ghatak tharoo shakate. darvarshi pii. ess. pii. chee andaje 2000 prakarane nondavali jaatat, jyapaiki sumare 15 takke prakarane pranghatak tharatat.
krutichi yantrana.
neurotoxin mhanoon, gonutoxin majjasansthevar prabhav taktat. teey postsyneptic patalatil voltagevar avalambun asalelya soodiyam vahinyanchya α-upghatak 1 chya thikani uchch aatmiyata saha bandhale jaau shakatat. heey vahinya synapsanantar krutee kshamata suru karnyasathi jababdar asatat. pii. ess. pii. vishari padarthanche bandhan yaa sambhavyatechi nirmiti aanee prasar rokhate aanee tyamule synaptic karya rokhate.
lakshane.
lakshane hii shelfishchya vishbadhachi vaishishtyapurn lakshane aahet. heey chehnyavar kondyanpasoon suru hote, jeey nantar sharirat pasarel. yanantar sunnapana aanee dokedukhi hoil. atyant gambhir prakarananmadhye, shirobindu asanyachi shakyata dekhil astitvat asate. kalantarane naadee vadhate aanee snayu dukhtat. shivay, andhatva aanee drushti vikar hii dekhil sambhavya lakshane aahet.
shvasanmargachya ardhangvayumule pahilya baaraa tasanchya aat mrutyu honyachi shakyata jaast asate. jeey bahutek rugna yaa veleparyant tikoon rahnyas saksham asatat, teey vishbadhetun vachtil.
nirvishikaran.
manvi shariratil jaivparivartan heey gonutoxin renuche auksidikaran karoon pahilya tappyatil nirvishikaran mhanoon hote. tayar jhaleli utpadane heey gonutoxin itar oxidised prakar aahet. dusya tappyatil nirvishikaran tappyat glucoronidation hote jeey glucoronic-jee. tii. ex. tayar karate, jyamadhye jee. tii. ex. chya tulanet hydrophilicity vadhate aanee tyamule teey adhik sahajpane utsarjit kele jaau shakate.
upchar.
adyap konatehi antitoxin sapadalele naslyamule, upchar haah ardhangvayu asalelya shelfish vishbadhesathi pahilya oleet lakshanatmak aahe. sambhavya krutrim shvasochchhavas bajula sarak kolshasah upchar karane haah dekhil eka paryay aahe kaaran shelfish vishari padarth yaa padarthadvare shoshale jaanyachi shakyata asate.
sambhavyapane neostigmine, ephedrine kinwa dii. ell.-amphetamines jordar charcha kelele upchar dekhil upayukt tharoo shakatat.
itar upayog.
gonutoxincha vapar tivra kinwa junat guddwaratil fodanvar upchar mhanoon keela jaau shakato. vishari padarth snayunna aaram denyas madat karatat aanee tyamule vedna door hotat. eka abhyasat, vishari rugnanche raktastrav 48 tasanchya aat thambale. heey injection-kshetratil tatpuratya ardhangvayumule aahe, joou eka aathvadyapeksha jaast kaal tikato asey disate.