badnami

manhani, pahilya andajanusar, konatyahi prakarchya "sanvad" dware truteey pakshachi pratishtha kharab houu shakate. yamadhye manvi-samajanyayogya sanvadachya serve paddhatincha samavesh asoo shakatoh havbhav, pratima, chinhe, shabd. heey keval khote dave karnyapurte maryadit nahee aanee pratishtha aanee sanman yapeksha adhik amoort asalelya sankalpananparyant vistaru shakate. ekhadi mahitee badnamikarak manali jaavi, tarr tee badnami jhalelya vyaktishivay itar konakade taree pohochavali gelee pahije. sanvad madhyamachya shashvatatevar kinwa kshanikatevar avalambun, manhani (lekhee, mudrit, online poost, maas mediamadhye prakashit) aanee badnami (recordchya baher bolali) yanchyat farak keela jaau shakato. yala diwani chook (atyachar, dand), faujdari gunha kinwa donhi manale jaate. manhani aanee sambandhit krutyanchi achook vyakhya, tasech tyanchyashi vyavhar karnyachya paddhati, desh aanee adhikarkshetranmadhye mothya pramanat badaloo shakatat; udaharanarth, teey gunhe aahet qee nahee, tathyanchya aaropanchya varr upman aanee matey kitee pramanat samavisht kelee jaatat, kathit tathye kitee pramanat siddha karane heey vaidh sanrakshn aahe.
manhani aanee sambandhit kayadyanmadhye vividh krutyancha samavesh asoo shakato (pratyek nagrikala lagoo asalelya samanya manhani aanee apmanapasun teey vishisht sanstha aanee samajik sanrachanancha samavesh asalelya vishesh taratudinparyant):
itihas.
manhani kayadyacha pracheen kalaparyantcha pradirgh itihas aahe. aitihasik kayadeshir vyavasthanmadhye aanee vividh naitik aanee dharmik tattvadnyananmadhye manhanila vividh swarupat karvai karnyayogya chook mhanoon manyata dilee gelee asali taree, samkalin kayadeshir pranalinmadhil manhani kayada pramukhyane roman aanee prarambhik ingraji kayadyat shodhala jaau shakato.
roman kayadyacha uddesh mansachya charitryachya charchesathi pureshi sandhee dene haah hota, tarr tyane tyala anavashyak upman aanee vedanepasoon sanrakshn dile. shabdik badnamicha upay upay kalapasoon aarthik dandachya diwani karvaipurta maryadit hota, jyacha andaj khatalyachya mahattvanusar lavala gela hota aanee jyachya swarupat dandatmak asale taree tyat nuksanbharpaicha ghatak vyavharikdrushtya samavisht hota. parantu faujdari kayadyachya vistarasah eka naveen upay sadar karnyat aala, jyaantargat anek prakarchya badnamila mothya kathoratene shiksha kelee gelee. tyach velee manhanikar pustake aanee lekhanachya prakashanashi jodalele mahatva vadhale, 'libri' kinwa 'libelli famosi', jyatoon 'manhani' yaa shabdacha aadhunik vapar udbhavala aahe; aanee nantarchya samratanchya kalat nantarchi sandnya visheshtah anamik aarop kinwa 'pasakvil' laa lagoo houu lagali, jyacha prasar visheshtah dhokadayak manla jaat asey aanee tyamadhye samavisht asalelya baabee hetusathi kinwa khotya asot qee nahee, yaa atishay kathor shikshesah bhet dilee jaat asey.
130 chya sumaras sanhitabaddha kelelya pretorian aadeshat ghoshit kele gele qee changlya naitikatechya viruddha ekhadyala oradalyabaddal krutee kelee jaau shakateh "kyu, anvorders bonos morres convicium qe facise cuseway aupera factum ese disitur, kwo anvorders bonos morres convicium freet, yoom iudicium dabomadhye."yaa prakaranat, anavashyak oradanyachya krutimule haah gunha ghadavanyat aala. ulpiyanchya matey, serve oradane karvai karnyayogya navhate. labiochya yuktivadavar aadharit, tyanni thampane sangitale qee yaa gunhyat shaharachya naitikatechya viruddha ('virodhi bonus morres huyas civitatis') oradane samavisht aahe, jeey badnami kinwa avman ('kwe') aananyas yogya aahe... edd infamium well invidium elequius spectorate ") jyaa vyakticha sampark jhaala. jeey vyaktila badnam karnyasathi yogya asalelya konatyahi krutimule 'actio injurearam' nirman jhaale. asha paristhitit, vidhananche satya heey janatesathi aanee jyaa prakare teey kele gele hote tyaa apmanaspad paddhatine samarthan navhate, parantu sarvajanik babinmadhye dekhil, sarvajanik surakshesathi aavashyak asalyache tyala jeey manya hote teey jahirpane sangoon aanee tyache dave kharey asalyache siddha karoon aaropila tyachya krutiche samarthan karanyachi sandhee hotee. jeey shirshakat khajgiritya kelelya manhanikar vidhanancha samavesh hota aanee yaa prakaranat gunha aaropanchya majkurat asato, tyachya prakashanachya paddhatimadhye nahee. tyamule satya heey purese sanrakshn hote, kaaran khotya pratishthesathi kayadeshir sanrakshanachi magani karnyacha konatyahi vyaktila adhikar navhata.
anglo-saxon englandmadhye, jyachi kayadeshir parampara samkalin samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranchi purvavarti aahe, badnami nirmanalaaa jeebh kapoon shiksha karnyat aalee. aitihasikdrushtya, englandmadhye samanya manasachi badnami hii badnami kinwa badnami mhanoon olakhali jaat hotee, tarr ingraji kulinavargatil sadasyachya badnamila 'scandlum magnetum', mhanje shabdasha 'dhanadhyancha ghotala' asey mhatale jaat asey.
aitihasikdrushtya dharmik naitikta aanee nyayshastrat visheshtah abrahamic dharmanmadhye manhaniche thalak vaishishtya aahe. jude dharmat, lashion harah haah halakhi kayadyantargat manhanichi karvai karnyayogya vividh prakar aahe. "lashion harah' heey manhanichya itar sankalpananpeksha vegale aahe kaaran tyache laksh khotepana aanee aanee haniaivaji chukichya hetusathi hetusathi bhashanacha vapar karnyavar aahe. yaulat, 'hotjat shame raa' ('white naav pasaravane'), jyala 'hotjat diba' asehi mhanatat, tyat asatya tippanya asatat aanee tyache sarvottam bhashantar 'badnami' kinwa 'badnami' asey kele jaate. "hotjat shame raa' haah tyachya antarnihit apramaniktemule adhik white aahe aanee parinami 'lashon harr' peksha gambhir paap manale jaate. roman catholic dharamshastrat, badnami hii done bhinn papanchya chashmyatoon pahili jaate, tee mhanje khote bolane aanee ekhadya vyaktichya pratishthechya adhikaravar adthala aanane. heey ulatya karnyachya jawalche manale jaate, mhanje jeey vyaktiche purviche adnyat dosh kinwa paap krutimadhye vyaktila ughad karane. visheshtah halakhi nyayalaye aanee vivad nivarananchya babatit, manhanisathi jyoo aanee khrishchan dharamshastriy drushtikon manhanichya drushtikonas aanee sarvajanik dhoranala aakar denyat prabhavi aahet, tarr atyachar aanee faujdari kayadyatil manhanivar tyancha vyavharik prabhav samkalin dharmnirpeksh kayadeshir pranalinmadhye maryadit aahe.
islami kayadyantargat, manhanishi sambandhit vividh gunhe aanee pape aahet, jyanche mool islami nyayshastrachya aitihasik vikasat aahe. samkalin islami kinwa muslim bahusankhyak adhikarkshetre hii samanyatah samanya kinwa nagri kayadyachi adhikarkshetre asali taree, islami nyayshastra islamik jagatatil adhikarkshetranvar lakshaniy prabhav takte, jeey tyanchya kayadeshir pranalinna islamik jaagtik drushtikonashi susangat banavoo ichchite. tashir" chee islami sankalpana, i.eae. samajachya najaret ekhadya vyaktichi pratishtha kinwa sanman qamee karnyachya uddeshane kelele vartan heey tattva swabhavikpane chukiche aahe, asey islami jagatil badnamibaddalchya nyayshastradnyanchya drushtikonachi mahitee dete. shivay, samudayachya sadasyanchya sanmanache sanrakshn (jeey sarvajanik kalyan kinwa 'devacha adhikar' mhanoon pahile jaate) aanee bhashan swatantrya (jeey vaiyaktik 'manasacha adhikar' mhanoon pahile jaate) yanchyatil tanavachya sandarbhat, islami nyayshastrat pahilya adhikaravar jeey adhikarapeksha jaast bharr deela jaato.
jeey mahayuddhanantar aanee samkalin aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kayadyachya udayasah, manhanisathi kayadeshir upay karnyacha adhikar sanyukt rashtranchya nagri aanee rajkiy hakkanvaril aantarrashtriy kararachya (aay. see. see. pii. aar.) kalam 17 madhye aahe, jyamadhye asey mhatale aaheh
yacha arth manhanipasun kayadeshir sanrakshanacha adhikar aahe; tathapi, haah adhikar aay. see. see. pii. aar. chya kalam 19 tasech manavadhikaranchya sarvatrik ghoshanechya kalam 19 antargat mutt aanee abhivyakti swatantryachya adhikarasah saha-astitvat aahe. aay. see. see. pii. aar. chya kalam 19 madhye spashtapane asey mhatale aahe qee, mutt aanee abhivyakti swatantryacha adhikar, "itaranchya hakkancha kinwa pratishthecha aadar karnyasathi" aavashyak asel toparyant maryadit asoo shakato. parinami, aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kayadyat ashee tartud aahe qee, jaree vyaktila manhanisathi kayadeshir upay milanyacha adhikar asala pahije, taree haah adhikar mutt aanee abhivyakti swatantryachya samaan sanrakshit adhikarashi santulit asala pahije. sarvasadharanpane, deshantargat manhani kayada vyaktinchya tyanchya pratishtheche aanee abhivyakti swatantryache sanrakshn karnyachya adhikarache purese santulan sadhato yachee khatri karane mhanjeh
europechya bahutansh bhagat, manavadhikaranvaril european adhiveshanachya kalam 10 madhye itaranchi pratishtha kinwa hakkanche rakshan karnyasathi aavashyak asalyas bhashan swatantryavar nirbandh ghalanyachi parvanagi aahe. yavyatirikt, aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kayadyandvare (manavadhikaranvaril european adhiveshanasaha (eae. see. aar.)) aanee vividh deshanchya sanvidhanandware hummy dilelya abhivyakti swatantrya aanee itar hakkanche nirbandh heey sanyukt rashtranchya manavadhikar samiteene manyata dilelya teen bhaganchya chachanichya kahee bhinnatechya adheen aahet, jyasathi maryada asane aavashyak aaheh 1) "pratyekasathi spasht aanee sulabh asalelya kayadyadvare pradan kelelya", 2) "itaranche haqq kinwa pratishtheche rakshan karnyasathi aavashyak aanee vaidh asalyache siddha jhaale", aanee 3) "apekshit uddisht sadhya karnyasathi pramanbaddh aanee kiman pratibandhatmak". hii chachani canadachya sarvoch nyayalayane, adhikar aanee swatantryanchya canadian sanadechya kalam 1 antargat, ghatanatmak hakkanvaril maryada "mukt aanee lokshahi samajat spashtapane nyayya aahet qaa", european manavadhikar nyayalayane lagoo keleli "lokshahi samajat aavashyak" chachani, dakshin aafrikechya varnabhed-nantarchya sanvidhanachya kalam 36 aanee keniyachya 2010 chya sanvidhanachya kalam 24 antargat hakkanvaril maryadanche moolyankan karnyasathi lagoo kelelya oaks chachanishi samaan aahe.
upman mhanoon upman.
pratyek kayadeshir parampara manhanikade vegalya paddhatine pahate, parantu samanyatah tee eka yatna manali jaate jyasathi naraj paksh diwani karvai karoo shakato. manhanichya prakarananmadhye yashasvi firyadisathi upalabdh upayanchi shreni adhikarkshetranusar badalate aanee nukasanbharpaipasun teey prativadila aaksheparh vidhan mage ghenyachi kinwa durusti kinwa maafee prakashit karanyachi aavashyakta asalelya nyayalayin aadeshanparyant asate.
samanya kayada.
parshvabhoomi.
samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetratil aadhunik badnami aitihasikdrushtya ingraji badnami kayadyatoon ghetali gelee aahe. ingraji kayada, ekhadya namankit kinwa olakhanyayogya vyakti kinwa vyaktinchi (ingraji kayadyantargat kampanya kayadeshir vyakti asatat aanee badnamicha khatala dakhal karanyachi parvanagi detat) badnami nirman konatyahi prakashit vidhanansathi, tyanchya vyaparat kinwa vyavasayat nuksan houu shakate kinwa ekhadya vajvi vyaktila tyanchyabaddal white vichar karnyas pravrutt karoo shakate asha prakare uchch nyayalayat badnamichi karvai karanyachi parvanagi deto.
vihangavalokan.
samkalin samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye, manhanicha dawa karnyasathi, dawa samanyatah khota asava aanee too badnami jhalelya vyaktivyatirikt itar konakade taree keela gela asava. kahee samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye, 'badnami' mhanoon olakhalya tharvalya bolalya tharvalya badnami aanee 'badnami' mhanoon olakhalya tharvalya chhapil shabd kinwa pratimansarkhya itar madhyamanmadhil badnami yaat farak keela jaato. badnami aanee badnami yanchyatil moolbhut farak keval tyaa 'swarupat' aahe jyamadhye badnamikarak baab prakashit kelee jaate. jarr aaksheparh sahitya kahee kshanbhangur swarupat prakashit kele gele asel, jase qee bolalele shabd kinwa aavaj, sanketik bhasha, havbhav kinwa yasarkhe, tarr teey apaprachar aahe. yaulat, manhanimadhye lekhee kinwa mudrit shabd, chitre kinwa bolalya gelelya shabdanvyatirikt kinwa havbhavanvyatirikt itar konatyahi swarupat manhani samavisht aahe. manhanicha kayada englandmadhye 17 vya shatkat udbhavala. prakashanachya vadhisobatach badnamichi vaadh aanee badnamichya atyacharanchi vaadh jhaali. american badnami khatalyatil sarvoch puraskar, yuu. ess. madhye $222.7 dashalaksh 1997 madhye emm. emm. aar. group ink. chya bajoone dow johnschya virodhat denyat aala hota; tathapi, 1999 madhye emm. emm. aar. tyachya tyachya kelelya audiotep ughad karnyat ayashasvi tharalyachya aaropanmule haah nikal fetalanyat aala.
samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye, badnamicha aarop karnare diwani khatale, khajgi vyavasay aanee sarkare yaa doghandware teeka dadapun taknyasathi aanee sensor karnyasathi varanvar vaparale gele aahet. asha khatalyancha vapar sarkarchya rajkiy teeka dadapun taknyasathi keela jaat aahe yache eka ullekhaneey udaharan mhanje singapurchya sattadhari peaples action partitil rajkarnyanni jeey. jeey. sarkhya virodhi netyanna tras denyasathi aanee dadapanyasathi manhanichya davyancha vapar karane. buub. ekvisavya shatkachya pahilya kahee dashakanmadhye, sarvajanik sahbhagaviruddha dhoranatmak khatalyanchya ghatanela singapurbaheril anek samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye mahatva midale aahe kaaran karyakarte, patrakar aanee mahamandalanche tikakar, rajkiy nete aanee sarvajanik vyaktinvar adhikadhik trasdayak manhanichya khatalyanche lakshya kele jaat aahe. parinami, vividh adhikarkshetranmadhye atyachar sudharananche upay lagoo karnyat aale aahet; california nagri prakriya sanhita aanee ontariyocha sarvajanik sahbhag sanrakshn kayada prativadinna hallah karnyasathi kinwa fetalanyasathi vishesh prastav karnyas saksham karoon asey karatat jyaa darmyan shodh nilambit keela jaato aanee joou yashasvi jhalyas khatala samapt hoil aanee pakshala firyadikadun tyacha kayadeshir kharch vasool karanyachi parvanagi deil.
bachav.
samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye badnamichya davyanna vividh prakarche sanrakshn aahe. done sarvat moolbhut bachav samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetratil siddhantatun udbhavtat qee keval tathyache khote vidhan (matapeksha viruddha) badnamikarak asoo shakate. haah siddhant done vegalya parantu sambandhit sanrakshananna janm detoh mutt aanee satya. matanchi vidhane hii manhanikarak manali jaau shakat naheet kaaran tee swabhavikpane khotee nasatat. jethe ekhade vidhan matapeksha vastusthitiche asalyache darshavile gele aahe, tethe samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetratil sarvat samanya bachav mhanje satyacha aahe. kathit manhanikar vidhanache satya siddha karane haah nehmich vaidh bachav asato. jarr ekhade vidhan anshatah kharey asel tarr rashtrakulatil kahee adhikarkshetranni kayadyadvare ashee tartud kelee aahe qee bachav paksh "pratyek aaropache satya siddha naan jhalyas, urvarit aaropachya satyatechya sandarbhat davedarachya pratishthela bhautik ija pohochavu naye, keval karanastav apayashi honar nahee". tyachpramane, american doctrin auph sustantional troothmadhye asey mhatale aahe qee, jarr vidhanat "abhivyaktichi thodishi truti" asel tarr teey manhanikar nahee, parantu anyatha teey kharey aahe. ekhade vidhan jeey vyaktichya pratishthela haanee pohochavate tarach teey manhanikarak asoo shakate, tyamule vidhanache manhanikar asanyachi kshamata jodalele aanakhi eka bachav mhanje heey darshavine qee, teey vidhan kharey aahe qee vastavatil vidhan aahe yachee parva naan karata, teey pratyakshat konachya taree pratishthela haanee pohochavat nahee.
eka kinwa adhik samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye manyataprapt itar bachavanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh hotoh
manhani swatach.
anek samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye heey manya kele jaate qee kahee prakarchya vidhane hii 'swatahun' manhanikarak manali jaatat, asha prakare qee yaa vidhanansathi manhanicha dawa nirman lokanna heey vidhan manhanikarak asalyache siddha karanyachi aavashyakta nahee. manhanichya karvait, kayada heey olakhato qee kahee khotee vidhane itaki hanikarak aahet qee tee firyadichya pratishthela ija pohochavatil assa andaj nirman karatat, jyamule manhanicha khatala nukasanicha konatahi vastavik purava naan deta nikalaparyant jaau shakato. jaree kayade rajyanusar badalat asale aanee serve adhikarkshetre badnamila 'swatahun' manyata dett nasali taree, khotya vidhanachya chaar samanya shreni aahet jyaa samanyatah 'swatahun' krutiche samarthan karatatah
jarr firyadine asey vidhan kele hote aanee khote hote heey siddha kele, tarr nuksan bharpaisathi firyadila keval heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe qee konitari konatyahi truteey pakshala nivedan dile hote. vishesh nukasanichya puravyachi aavashyakta nahee. tathapi, sampoorn nuksanbharpai vasool karnyasathi firyadine vastavik nuksan siddha karnyasathi tayar asale pahije.
konatyahi badnamichya khatalyapramanech, satya heey 'swatah' badnamisathi eka paripoorn bachav aahe. yacha arth assa qee jaree vidhan khote asale taree teey 'swatahsathi' manhanikarak manale gele, jarr prativadine teey kharey asalyache siddha kele tarr manhanichi karvai 'swatahsathi' tiku shakat nahee. manhanichya karvaila konatya prakarcha aarop pathimba deu shakato, hii sankalpana sarvajanik dhorananusar vikasit houu shakate. udaharanarth, meey 2012 madhye newyorkmadheel apeal nyayalayane samalaingikatechya sandarbhat sarvajanik dhoranatil badalancha hawala dett assa nikal deela qee aekhadyache samalingi mhanoon varnan karane mhanje badnami nahee.
samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetratil farak.
manhaniche atyachar heey serve samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye vyapakpane sarkhech asale taree, prakaranancha kayada, kayade aanee itar vidhimandalatmak karvai aanee vaiyaktik adhikarkshetransathi vishisht asalelya ghatanatmak chintanmule matbhed nirman jhaale aahet.
kahee adhikarkshetranmadhye vegala chhal kinwa dukhapat, janivpurvak bhavnik tras dene, jaree kharey asale taree, dveshbhavane davedarala haanee pohochavinyachya hetune vidhan karane samavisht asate; kahinna vegala chhal kinwa 'gopaniyatevar aakraman' karnyacha dosh asato jyamadhye kharey vidhan karane dayitwala janm deu shakateh parantu yapaiki konatehi 'badnami' yaa samanya shirshakakhali yet nahee. singapurchya chhalapasun sanrakshn kayada 2014 dware nirman jhalela chhal heey kayadyane nirman kelelya asha prakarchya atyacharanche eka udaharan aahe. jawaljawal serve adhikarkshetranmadhye, badnamikarak nasale taree khote vidhan karane samavisht asalele 'chukiche sadarikaran' heey atyachar kinwa dosharop dekhil aahet. asha prakare ghar purachya dhokyapasun mukt asalyache asalyache sarvekshankartyane konachihi badnami keleli nahee, parantu tarihi yaa vidhanavar avalambun rahoon ghar kharedi nirman ekhadya vyaktila too jababdar asoo shakato. yuu. madhye manhanisarkhe itar vadhatya samanya dave.ess. kayada assa dawa karato qee prasiddha vyaparchinhache daag kadhoon tyache patalikaran kele gele aahe, samanyatah vyaparchinhache patalikaran, "kararat hetupurassar hastakshep" aanee "nishkaljipane chukiche sadarikaran" pahaa. udaharanarth, americet, khotya prakashacha anokha chhal firyadiche tantrikdrushtya khote nasalelya parantu dishabhul nirman vidhananpasun sanrakshn karato. badnami aanee badnami yaa donhisathi prakashan aavashyak aahe.
jaree kayade rajyanusar badalat asale taree; americet, manhanichya karvaisathi samanyatah manhanicha dawa nirman firyadine prativadi heey siddha karane aavashyak aaheh
yavyatirikt, american nyayalaye sarvajanik vyaktimbabat prasarmadhyamandhye kelelya vidhananchya babatit vishesh niyam lagoo karatat, jeey bachav mhanoon vaparale jaau shakatat. american nyayalayat badnamicha aarop nirman firyadine sahasa heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe qee vidhanamule haanee jhaali aahe aanee vidhanachya satyatevar purese sanshodhan naan karata kele gele hote; jethe firyadi eka prasiddha vyakti kinwa sarvajanik adhikari aahe, tethe tyanni atiriktapane heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe qee vidhan vastavik dveshane kele gele hote (mhanje.eae. haanee pohochavanyacha kinwa satyakade beparvaine durlaksh karnyacha hetu). newyork times companychya netrutvakhalil nyayalayin nirnayanchi eka malika. vhee. sullivan, "376 yuu.ess. 254 (1964) neey sthapit kele qee ekhadya sarvajanik sarvajanik (kinwa itar vaidh sarvajanik vyaktimatvala) american nyayalayat manhanicha khatala jinkanyasathi, teey vidhan khote asalyache jaanun kinwa tyachya satyakade beparvaine durlaksh karoon prakashit kele gele asave (mhanje.eae. vastavik dvesh). sambandhit vruttapatrancha andaj aahe qee batmyancha samavesh asalelya manhanichya prakarananpaiki 95 takke prakarane uchch-profile batmyanmadhun udbhavat naheet, tarr sthanik gunhegari tapas kinwa khatale kinwa vyavsayik profilechya batmyanchya kavharejsarkhya "runn auph daad mill" sthanik batmyanmadhun udbhavtat. badnamichya khatalyanmule prakashit sambhavya nuksan puraskaranche sanrakshn karnyasathi vruttapatranna madhyam dayitva vima upalabdh aahe. manhaniche suruvatiche udaharan mhanje 1735 madheel johnn pieter zengarche prakaran. zengarla 'newyork saptahik niyatkalik' prakashit karnyasathi niyukt karnyat aale hote. vasahati newyorkche shahee governor william cosby yanchyavar teeka karnara jeey eka vyakticha lekh tyane chhapala tevha zengarvar deshdrohi manhanicha aarop karnyat aala. rajdrohi manhanichya aaropakhali nikal 'nirdosh' mhanoon parat karnyat aala, kaaran heey siddha jhaale qee zengarne kausbibaddal prakashit keleli serve vidhane kharee hotee, tyamule manhanicha muddah navhata. manhaniche aanakhi eka udaharan mhanje 'newyork times company' chey prakaran. vhee. sulivan "(1964). vidyarthi nagri haqq karyakartyanna gairvartan kelyabaddal alabama alabama teeka nirman jahirati chhaplyabaddal 'newyork times' laa manhanicha doshi gunhegari alabama yetheel rajya nyayalayala american sarvoch nyayalayane raddabatal tharavale. jaree chhapil kahee "kaal" khote asale taree, nyayalayane tyachya bajoone nikal deela, asey mhanat qee sarvajanik sarvajanik badnamisathi vastavik dveshyukt purava aavashyak asato, jyachi vyakhya "satyabaddal jaanun ghene kinwa nishkalji durlaksh" ashee kelee gelee.
rashtrakulatil anek adhikarkshetra (udaa.jee. singapur, auntario aanee united kingdam) yanni khaleel kayade kele aaheth
ingland aanee velsmadhil manhani kayadyat 2013 chya manhani kayadyane aanakhi sudharana karnyat aalee.
bharatiy atyachar kayadyatil manhani hii bahudha ingland aanee velsashi julate. bharatiy nyayalayanni paripoorn aanee patra visheshadhikar, nyayya tippani aanee samarthanachya bachawala manyata dilee aahe. united kingadammadhil vaidhanik kayadyat ashee tartud aahe qee, jarr prativadi tyachya virodhatil anek aaropanpaiki kahee aaropanche satya siddha karnyat yashasvi jhaala, tarr aarop siddha naan jhalyas pratishthela bhautik ija pohochat naslyas samarthanacha bachav ajunahi upalabdh asoo shakato, bharatat sambandhit tartud nahee, jaree bharatiy nyayalaye heey tattva munn valavanare purvavarti mantil ashee shakyata aahe. alikade, sarvajanik vyaktinchya sandarbhat manhanichya ghatananni lokanche laksh vedhoon ghetale aahe.
yoochi utpatti.ess. manhani kayada american krantipurvicha aahe. jaree american rajyaghatanechi pahili durusti vruttapatrachya swatantryache rakshan karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee asali taree, manhanichya davyanaivaji rajyane sensorship rokhanyasathi tyachi pramukhyane kalpana kelee gelee hotee; asha prakare, bahutek american itihasat, sarvoch nyayalayane pahilya durusticha arth prasarmadhyamanchya prativadincha samavesh asalelya manhani prakarananna lagoo hoto assa lavala nahee. ingraji kayadeshir vyavasthekadun varshane midalelya badnamichya paramparik samanya kayadyavar aadharit heey manhani kayade rajyanmadhye misalale gele. 1964 chey prakaran 'newyork times company. vhee. sullivanne "sarvajanik "sarvajanik dosh ghatkala vastavik dveshyukt ghatakat vadhavun deshatil badnami kayadyache swaroop natakiyaritya badalale, mhanje, sarvajanik vyakti keval tevhach badnamicha khatala jinku shakatat jevha teey prakashakache" mahitee khotee hotee heey dnyan "kinwa mahitee prakashit kelee gelee hotee heey" tee khotee hotee qee nahee yakade beparvaine durlaksh karoon "darshavu shaktil. nantar sarvoch nyayalayane asey mhatale qee, jee vidhane itaki hasyaspad aahet qee spashtapane satya naheet, tee manhanichya davyanpasun sanrakshit aahet, tasech sarvajanik chintechya babinshi sambandhit matanchi vidhane jyat siddha karata yeil assa khota tathyatmak arth nahee. tyanantarchya rajya aanee federal prakarananni badnami kayada aanee internetvar laksh vedhale aahe.
american manhani kayada haah european aanee rashtrakul deshanmadhil tyachya samakakshanpeksha khoopach qamee firyadi-anukool aahe. american kayadyantargat badnami kinwa badnami kaay aahe aanee kaay nahee yavar sarvasamaveshak charcha karane katheen aahe, kaaran vyakhya vegvegalya rajyanmadhye vegali aahe aanee federal kayadyadvare pudhe prabhavit hote. kahee rajye badnami aanee badnami heey kaay aahe heey ektritpane sanhitabaddha karatat, sankalpananche ekach badnami kayadyat vilinikaran karatat.
manhanicha austreliyan kayada haah manhanicha ingraji kayada aanee tyachya khatalyanmadhun vikasit jhaala; tathapi, amerikemadhilpramanech, kayadyadvare aanee "lang wii austreliyan broadcasting corporation (1997)" madhye sthapit rajkiy swarupachya bhashanala maryadit karnyasathi sarkari adhikaranvar nihit ghatanatmak maryadedware matbhed aahet. 2006 madhye, sampoorn austreliyamadhye manhaniche eksaman kayade lagoo jhaale. vaiyaktik rajye aanee pradeshanmadhil kayadyatil samasyapradhan visangati door karnyavyatirikt, kayadyanni anek sudharana kelya, jyat khaleel babincha samavesh aaheh
aaheh sudharananni serve austreliyamadhye dekhil ayogya sanrakshn mhanoon satyachi upalabdhata sthapit kelee; purvi anek rajyanni keval sarvajanik heet kinwa laabh astitvat asalyachya attis satyachya sanrakshanas parvanagi dilee hotee. tathapi, prativadila ajunahi heey siddha karane aavashyak aahe qee manhanikar aarop barechase kharey aahet. sadhya austreliyamadhye asalela kayada 2015 madhye dakshin austreliyachya sarvoch nyayalayat duffy vhee googalchya nyay nilya prakaranat saranshit karnyat aala hota.
tyachpramane, februwari 1840 madhye vetangichya kararavar swakshari karoon newzealandla ingraji kayada midala. sadhyacha kayada mhanje manhani kayada 1992 joou 1 februwari 1993 roji lagoo jhaala aanee manhani kayada 1954 radd keela. newzealandcha kayada manhanichya karvait khaleel upayanchi parvanagi detoh nuksan bharpai; pudhil prakashan thambavanyasathi aadesh; durusti kinwa maghar; aanee kahee prakarananmadhye, dandatmak nuksan. kayadyache kalam 28 keval tevhach dandatmak nuksan bharpaichi parvanagi dete jevha ekhadya vyaktiche apmanaspad adhikar ughadpane durlakshit kele jaatat. ekhade vidhan manhanikar asalyas ekhadya vyaktiche nuksan hote asey kayadyane gruheet dharale aahe, tyamule vishisht nuksan kinwa nuksan jhaale aahe heey siddha karanyachi aavashyakta nahee. tathapi, kayadyache kalam 6 corporate sansthene aanalelya badnamichya karvaila tevhach pudhe jaanyachi parvanagi dete jevha sanstha company aarop karate aanee heey siddha karate qee badnamichya prakashanamule tyaa sansthela aarthik nuksan jhaale aahe kinwa honyachi shakyata aahe.
bahutek rashtrakul adhikarkshetranpramach, canada manhanichya muddyanvar ingraji kayadyache palan karato (cubec vagalata jethe khajgi kayada french nagri kayadyatoon aala aahe). samanya kayadyachya prantanmadhye aanee pradeshanmadhye, manhanimadhye asha konatyahi sanvadacha samavesh hoto jyamule samanya lokanchya manat vishayacha sanman qamee hoto. kadachit kharee vidhane vagalaleli naheet, kinwa rajkiy matehi naheet. hetu nehmich gruheet dharala jaato aanee prativadicha badnami karnyacha hetu aahe heey siddha karane aavashyak nahee. hiill vhee. madhye. church auph scientology auph torrento (1995), canadachya sarvoch nyayalayane yuu. ess. prakaranat swikarleli 'vastavik dvesh' chachani 'newyork times company' nakarli. vhee. sulivan ". ekada dawa keela qee, prativadi samarthana (satya), nyayya tippani, jababdar sanvad kinwa visheshadhikar yanchya samarthanacha laabh gheu shakato. manhanikar tippanyanche prakashak nishpap prasarasathicha bachav dekhil vaparu shakatat, jethe tyanna vidhanachya swarupachi mahitee navhati, teey tyanchya nidarshanas aanale gele navhate aanee teey nishkalji navhate.
roman dutch aanee scots kayada.
roman dutch kayada lagoo nirman adhikarkshetratil manhani (i.eae. dakshin africa, indoneshiya, surinam aanee dutch caribeancha bahutansh bhag) 'actio iniuriyaram' chya madhyamatoon davyala janm deto. actio iniuriorum" antargat dayitvasathi, delickche samanya ghatak upasthit asane aavashyak aahe, parantu pratyek ghatkasathi vishisht niyam vikasit kele gele aahet. udaharanarth, kaaran kvachitach samasyemadhye asate aanee teey astitvat asalyache manale jaate. actio iniuriorum' antargat dayitva ghatak khalilpramane aaheth 
actio iniuriorum" antargat, haanee mhanje vyaktimatvachya adhikarache ullanghan, ektar "corpus", "dignititus" kinwa "fama". "pratishtha' hii eka samanya sandnya aahe jyacha arth 'yogyata, pratishtha, aatmasanman' assa hoto aanee tyat mansik shantata aanee gopaniyata yasarkhya sambandhit chinta samavisht aahet. hii itaki vyapak sankalpana asalyane, tiche ullanghan gambhir asale pahije. pratyek upman apmanaspad nasato; ekhadyane 'aaksheparh' asalyache siddha kele pahije. yamadhye upman (sankuchit arthane 'iniuria'), vyabhichar, sangh gamavane, premache paravrutt hone, aashvasanache ullanghan (parantu keval apmanaspad kinwa apmanaspad paddhatine) ityadincha samavesh hoto. "fama" hii pratishtha aanee tyachyashi sambandhit actio iniurioramcha sandarbh denari eka samanya sandnya aahe, jyamadhye manhanichya vyapak sankalpanet sankalpanet krutincha samavesh karnyavyatirikt adhik vyapakpane manhani samavisht aahe, vyaktichya "corpus" chya ullanghanashi sambandhit "actio iniuriorum" hallyansathi nagri upay, laingik kinwa ashleel swarupachya krutyansathi aanee 'chukichya atkesathi aanee najarkaidet' pradan karate.
roman dutch kayadyashi jawalun sambandhit asalelya scots kayadyat, manhanicha upay tyachpramane actio iniuriarium aahe aanee sarvat samanya bachav mhanje 'veritas' (i.eae. anyatha manhanikar vidhanache satya siddha karane). badnami hii gair-pitrusattak (i.eae. sanmananiy) hitsambandh. gair-vanshavadi hitsambandhanchya sanrakshanashi sambandhit scots kayada 'tukade aanee pattyanchi gosht' asalyache mhatale jaate. asey asoonahi, tathakathit 'vyaktimatvachya hakkanche' sanrakshn karnyasathichya yantranechya vikasat 'ingraji kayadyavar nirbandh ghatalelya prakarchya sanrachanatmak adchaninsathi' scots kayadyat aitihasik aadhar qamee aahe. scots kayadyacha 'actio iniuriyaram' varsa nyayalayanna asha prakarananna olakhanyachi aanee nuksan bharpai denyachi sandhee deto, jyamadhye konatehi paitruk (kinwa 'ardh-pitrusattak') 'nuksan' jhaale nahee, parantu tarihi bachavkartyachya chukichya vartanadvare manyataprapt pratishthit hitsambandhanvar aakraman kele gele aahe. tathapi, asha bharpaisathi, gair-pitrusattak heet jaanunbujun samore aanane aavashyak aaheh gair-pitrusattak hitsambandhanmadhye nishkaljipanacha hastakshep dayitva nirman karnyasathi puresa nasel. actio iniuriorum' sathee bachavpatuche vartan 'dooshit' asane aavashyak aahe-mhanje, tyat pathlag badnami manyataprapt vyaktimatvachya swarsyakade asha hubristic durlaksh darshavile pahije qee upman karnyacha hetu ('animus iniuriendi') lavala jaau shakato.
itar kayadeshir pranali.
taiwan.
atyacharanchya chaar vegvegalya paddhati aahet aanee mhanunach nagri manhanicha kayada sadhya taivanmadhye lagoo aahe, jyapaiki teen peaples republic auph chayanadware prashasit vegvegalya pradeshanmadhye lagoo aahet aanee tyapaiki eka republic auph chayanamadhye lagoo aahe. chean prajasattakadvare prashasit kshetranmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
chean.
chinmadhil atyachar kayada samanyatah peaples republic auph chayanachya (see. see. pii. aar. see.) nagri sanhitechya satvya pustakadvare ("atyachar dayitva") niyantrit keela jaato, tarr manhanisathiche dayitva chauthya pustakat ("vyaktimatva adhikar") dile aahe. kalam 1024 madhye ashee tartud aahe qee, "konatihi sanstha kinwa vyakti upman, badnami kinwa yasarkhya itaranchya pratishthechya adhikarache ullanghan karoo shakat nahee," pratishtha hii "ekhadya vyaktiche naitik charitrya, pratishtha, pratibha aanee shrey yanche samajik moolyankan" mhanoon paribhashit karate. nuksanbharpai vyatirikt, manhanichya upayanmadhye 'durusti' karanyachi vinanti karnyacha kinwa manhanikar majkoor velevar hatavanyacha adhikar samavisht asoo shakato.
sarvajanik hitasathi" kaam nirman patrakar aanee vyaktinsathi aanee asha vyaktinsathi "patra visheshadhikar, khalilpaiki eka paristhiti astitvat asel tarr apavad vagalata, manhanisathi nagri dayitva swikaranar naheeh
kalam 1027 madhye ashee tartud aahe qee, 'sahityik kinwa kalatmak karya' heey 'apmanaspad kinwa manhanikar samagrisah' vastavik lokanche chitran karate, jeey apapracharala vyaktichya pratishthechya adhikarache ullanghan karate' heey see. see. pii. aar. see. antargat manhani manale jaate, parantu 'katheche kahee namune asha vyaktichya paristhitisarkhe aahet' ashee kaame manhani mhanoon ganali jaanar naheet.
chinache prajasattak.
chean prajasattakachya nagri sanhiteantargat manhanisathiche dayitva kalam 195 pasoon udbhavate, jeey kahee gair-aarthik dukhapatinchya babatit, visheshtah "pratishtha", "gopaniyata" aanee "vyaktimatva" yanchya babatit atyachar dayitva pradan karate.
france.
bahutansh adhikarkshetranmadhye manhani kayada haah vyaktinchya pratishthechya kinwa pratishthechya sanrakshanavar kendrit asala taree francemadhil manhani kayada visheshtah vyaktinchya gopaniyateche rakshan karnyat guntalela aahe. jaree sanrakshit hakkanchi vyapak vyapti manhanichya prakarananna englandpeksha francemadhye siddha karane sope karate, udaharanarth, manhanichya prakarananmadhye puraskar lakshaniyaritya qamee aahet aanee nyayalaye €1 itaki qamee pratikatmak nuksan bharpai dene samanya aahe. vadgrastapane, sarvajanik sarvajanik aanalelya manhanichya prakarananmadhye nuksan samanya nagarikanni aanalelya nukasanipeksha jaast aahe, jyacha sarvajanik dhoranachya tikanvar bhitidayak parinam hoto, tarr french manhani kayadyantargat upalabdh asalela ekmev vaidhanik bachav mhanje sambandhit manhanikar vidhanache satya pradarshit karane, eka bachav joou vyaktichya vaiyaktik jivanashi sambandhit prakarananmadhye upalabdh nahee; french nyayalayanni teen atirikt apavadanna manyata dilee aaheh
japan.
japani nagri sanhitechya kalam 723 antargat, nyayalayala badnamichya khatalyat chhalkartyala "nukasanbharpaichya badalyat kinwa ektritpane [firyadichi] pratishtha punarsanchayit karnyasathi yogya upayayojana karnyache" aadesh denyacha adhikar aahe. japanmadhil diwani badnamichya khatalyache udaharan japanchya diwani nyayalayat zantirche adhyaksh yositoki (mitsuo) hataya aanee yoshiyaki yanchyaviruddhachya nishkarshanmadhye aadhalu shakate.
phillipines.
kahee pranalinmadhye, visheshtah philipinesmadhye, keval satya haah bachav nahee. yaa prakarananmadhye vishisht mahitee vyapakpane dnyat honyat eka susthapit sarvajanik hitsambandh aahe heey darshavine dekhil aavashyak aahe aanee sarvajanik vyaktinchya babatitahi asey asoo shakate. sarvasadharanpane 'janatela kaay aavadate' heey janahit nasate, tarr 'janatechya hitasathi kaay aahe' heey asate. phillipineschya manhani kayadyacha samavesh asalelya 2012 chya nirnayat, sanyukt rashtranchya manavadhikar aayogane tippani kelee, "dandatmak manhani kayadyanmadhye satyache sanrakshn samavisht asale pahije."
thayaland.
thayalandachya nagri aanee vyavsayik sanhitet asey namood kele aahe keeh
vyavharat, thayalandmadhil manhani kayada haah sanyukt rashtranchya manavadhikar uchchayuktanchya karyalayala teeka dadapun taknyachya prayatnat asalelya vyavsayik hitsambandhandware pratikool aanee trasdayak khatale chalvanyasathi sulabh asalyache aadhalun aale aahe.
cubec.
kyubekmadhye, manhani moolatah franskadoon varshane midalelya kayadyavar aadharit hotee aanee sadhya kyubekchya nagri sanhitechya pustakachya pahilya shirshakachya krutimadhye adhyayadvare sthapit kelee gelee aahe, jyamadhye ashee tartud aahe qee "pratyek vyaktila tyachya pratishthecha aanee gopaniyatecha aadar karnyacha adhikar aahe".
manhanisathi nagri dayitva sthapit karnyasathi, firyadine sambhavyatechya santulanavar, dukhapat (dosh), chukiche krutya (nuksan) aanee doghanmadhil karanatmak sambandh (karanatmakatecha duva) sthapit karane aavashyak aahe. jyaa vyaktine badnamikarak tippani kelee aahe tee vyakti tyanchyasathi nagaridrushtya jababdar aselach asey nahee. jyaa vyaktine tippani kelee aahe tyane chukiche krutya kele aahe heey firyadine pudhe dakhavun dile pahije. kyubekmadhil badnami hii kathor dayitvanchya viruddha, tarksangatatechya mankandware niyantrit kelee jaate; jyaa prativadine chukiche vidhan kele asel, jarr vidhan kharey aahe asey manane vajvi asel tarr tyala jababdar dharale jaanar nahee.
manhani haah gunha aahe.
atyachar kayadyavyatirikt, anek adhikarkshetra manhanila faujdari gunha manatat aanee asha prakare dandachi tartud karatat. british mukt abhivyakti samarthan gut, kalam 19 neey jagbharatil faujdari badnami kayadyachya astitvacha aalekh tayar karnare jaagtik nakashe prakashit kele aahet, tasech rajkiy nete kinwa rajyachya karyakartyansathi vishesh sanrakshn asalelya deshanna darshavile aahe.
asey pradeshik kayade asoo shakatat jeey rashtriy nikashanpeksha vegale asoo shakatat. udaharanarth, americet faujdari badnami samanyatah jiwant lokanpurati maryadit asate. tathapi, 7 rajye (idaho, cansas, louisiana, newada, north dakota, oklahoma, utah) aahet jyat mrutanchya badnamisandarbhat faujdari kayade aahet.
europemadhil suraksha aanee sahkarya sanghatnene (oo. ess. see. eae.) serve european desh, swatantra rajyanche rashtrakul, america aanee canadache serve sadasya deshansah 55 deshanmadhil faujdari aanee nagri badnamichya tartudinvar tapshilvar databases dekhil prakashit keela aahe.
phillipineschya manhani kayadyache ullanghan kelyabaddal turungat takalelya prasarkane dakhal kelelya takrarivar 2012 chya nirnayat, sanyukt rashtranchya manavadhikar aayogane asey mhatale qee phillipineschya faujdari kayadyapramane-sarvajanik vyaktimatva siddhantachya taratudishivay manhaniche gunhegarikaran heey abhivyakti swatantryache ullanghan karate aanee nagri aanee rajkiy hakkanvaril aantarrashtriy kararachya kalam 19 shhee visangat aahe.
samoohik manhaniche prashna shekado varshanpasun samanya kayadyat disun yet aahet. eka gatachya badnamisathi prativadivar khatala chalavalya gelelya sarvat junya dnyat prakarananpaiki eka mhanje 'aar. vhee. orme andd nutt' (1700). yaa prakaranat, nyayadhishanna asey aadhalale qee prativadi anek vishayanchi badnami kelyabaddal doshi hota, jaree tyanni heey vishay kona hote heey visheshtah olakhale nahee. yaa prakaranachya ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee juriecha assa vishvas hota qee "kuthe lekhan aahe... sarvasadharanpane manavjatichya virodhat kinwa purushanchya vishisht kramvarichya virodhat, udaharanarth, gaunache purush, heey upman nahee, parantu teey apmanaspad banavanyasathi tapasheel aanee vyaktinvar avalambun asale pahije."yaa nyaypithala asey vatale qee keval jyaa vyaktinna vatat hote qee tyanchi vishesh badnami jhaali aahe, tyannich manhanichya khatalyacha dawa keela aahe. jyaa lokanchi badnami kelee jaat hotee, teey nemke lock olakhane juriela shakya jhaale nasalyane, tyaa vidhane badnami asalyache olakhanyache konatehi kaaran navhate.
aanakhi eka prarambhik ingraji gut manhani, jyacha varanvar ullekh keela gela aahe, too mhanje "king vhee. osborne "(1732). yaa prakaranat, prativadivar 'portugij jyoo lokanvar pratibimbit karnari badnami chhaplyabaddal' khatala suru hota. sambandhit chhapanit assa dawa karnyat aala hota qee portugalahun londonla aalelya jyoo lokanni eka jyoo mahilela khristi purushasobat mool jhalyavar teela jaalun thaar kele aanee hii krutee samanya hotee. osbornechya yahudivirodhi prakashanantar, anek jyoo lokanvar halle karnyat aale. suruvatila, nyayadhishanna asey vatat hote qee nyayalay kahihi karoo shakat nahee kaaran osbornechya likhanamule konatihi vyakti vegali padali nahee. tathapi, nyayalayane assa nishkarsh kadhala qee "heey krutya eka jyoo vyaktine varanvar kele hote asey prakashan soochit karat asalyane, sampoorn jyoo samudayachi badnami karnyat aalee."yaa prakaranachya vividh ahavalanmadhye jaree gunhyachi vegvegali mahitee dilee gelee asali, taree haah ahwal gut manhanivar aadharit nirnay spashtapane darshavito. manhanivar nirbandh ghalanare kayade yaa velee sweekarle jaat asalyane, tyanchya shantatechya ullanghanakade nenyachya pravruttimule, gut manhani kayade nyayya tharale kaaran tyanni hinsacharachya samaan kinwa kadachit adhik jokhamichi shakyata darshavili hotee. yaa karanastav, bahutek manhanichi prakarane diwani atyachar asali taree samoohik manhanichi prakarane faujdari aahet.
2017 paryant, kiman 130 unesco sadasya deshanni faujdari badnami kayade kayam thewale. 2017 madhye, prasarmadhyamanchya swatantryababatchya pratinidhichya europemadhil suraksha aanee sahkarya sanghatnene (oo. ess. see.) tyachya sadasya deshanmadhil faujdari badnami aanee ishninda virodhi kayadyanvar eka ahwal jaaree keela, jyamadhye asey aadhalun aale qee 57 oo. ess. see. sahbhagi rajyanpaiki jawaljawal teen chaturthansh (42) rajyanmadhye badnamila gunhegari manyata aahe. manhanishi sambandhit anek kayadyanmadhye rashtrapramukh, sarvajanik adhikari, rajya sanstha aanee swatah rajyavar teeka nirman bhashanasathi kinwa prakashanansathi kathor shikshechya vishisht tartudincha samavesh aahe. oo. ess. see. chya ahavalat asehi namood kele aahe qee oo. ess. see. sahbhagi rajyanpaiki sumare eka trutiyansh rajyanmadhye ishninda aanee dharmik upman kayade astitvat aahet; yapaiki barechase dveshyukt bhashan kayadyachya ghatkansah ishninda aanee dharmik upman ekatra karatat.
aafriket, kiman chaar sadasya deshanni 2012 aanee 2017 darmyan manhanila gunhegari ghoshit kele. african nyayalayane manvi aanee lokanchya hakkanvaril nikalat 'lohe isa konate wii. burkina faso prajasattakane yaa pradeshat manhanisathi kayadeshir shiksha mhanoon turungvasachya virodhat eka udaharan sthapit kele, teey manvi aanee lokanchya hakkanvaril african sanad (aii. see. pii. aar.), nagri aanee rajkiy hakkanvaril aantarrashtriy karar (aay. see. see. pii. aar.) aanee paschim african rajyanchya aarthik samudayacha (ikovas) taha yanche ullanghan mhanoon tayar kele.
pratyek pradeshatil deshanni online majkuraparyant faujdari badnami kayada aanakhi vadhavanyasathi pavale uchalali aahet. jagbharat parit jhalelya cyber gunhe aanee dahashatvadvirodhi kayadyanmule blogger nyayalayasamor hajar jhaale aahet, kahinni turungat vel ghalavala aahe.
vividh samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranmadhye, antyasanskaratil nidarshane, deshdrohachi karvai, nivadanukanchya sandarbhat khotee vidhane aanee sarvajanik thikani apavitratecha vapar karnyas manai karnare faujdari kayade dekhil anekada faujdari manhanichya karvaisarkhya sandarbhanmadhye vaparale jaatat. nyayadhishanvishayichya kathit manhanikar vidhanansathi kinwa nyayalayin prakarananmadhye sahbhagi asalelya vakilandware kinwa itar lokandware nyayalayin prakriyesathi vyaktinna "nyayalayacha avman" karnyachya nyayalayachya adhikarachya seema dekhil anek samanya kayada deshanmadhye changlya prakare sthapit kelya jaat naheet.
teeka.
manhaniche atyachar qamee vadgrast asale taree, tyat spashtapane tyanchya pratishthechya adhikarache aanee pratishtheche rakshan karoo karoo firyadi samavisht asatat, tarr faujdari manhani adhik vadgrast aahe kaaran tyat rajya spashtapane abhivyakti swatantryavar nirbandh ghalanyacha prayatna kareet aahe. manavadhikar sanghatana aanee europe parishad aanee europemadhil suraksha aanee sahkarya sanghatana yasarkhya itar sansthanni manhanila gunhegari gunhegari kathor manhani kayadyanvirodhat moheem rabavali aahe. abhivyakti swatantryachya samarthan gut kalam 19 faujdari badnamila virodh karato, assa yuktivad karato qee sarvajanik hitsambandhanchya babinvar vidhanansathi bachav pradan karnare nagri badnami kayade aantarrashtriy manavadhikar kayadyache adhik changle palan karatat. manavadhikaranvaril european adhiveshanachya abhivyakti swatantryachya tartudinmule manavadhikaranchya european nyayalayane faujdari manhani kayadyanvar nirbandh ghatale aahet. eka ullekhaneey prakaran 'lingans wii.' hote. austriya "(1986).
daad united nations, osce, organization auph american states (oes) aanee african union commission aun human andd peaples rites special rapportaires phaur friedam auph expression march 2017 madhye sanyukt jahiranamyat mhatale qee, 'khotya batamya' kinwa 'naun-objective mahitee' yasah aspasht aanee sandigdha kalpananvar aadharit mahitichya prasaravar samanya nirbandh, abhivyakti swatantryavar nirbandhansathi aantarrashtriy mankanshi visangat aahet... aanee tee radd kelee pahije."
adhikarkshetranusar.
albania.
albania faujdari sanhitenusar, badnami haah gunha aahe. khotyapanachya dnyanat badnami karane heey sarvanchya dandas patra aahe (qa. $350) teey daha laakh (qa. $). jarr sarvajanik thikani badnami jhaali kinwa anek lokanna nuksan pohochavale tarr dand 40,000 teey tees laakh (qa. $). yavyatirikt, adhikari, sarvajanik adhikari kinwa paradeshi pratinidhinchi badnami (kalam 227,239 teey 241) heey eka teey teen varshanchya turungvasaparyantchya kamal dandasah swatantra gunhe aahet.
argentine.
argentinamadhil dand sanhitechya 'sanmanaviruddha gunhe' (kalam 109 teey 117-biis) yaa adhyayat apshabd aanee dukhapatichya gunhyancha andaj vartavala gela aahe. apshabdanchi vyakhya 'ekhadya nishchit vyaktila thos gunhyacha khota aarop karane jyamule khatala chalato' ashee kelee jaate (kalam 109). tathapi, sarvajanik hitachya kinwa thaam nasalelya vishayancha sandarbh sandarbh abhivyakti hii apshabd naheet. dand mhanje 3,000 teey 30,000 peso assa dand aahe. joou janivpurvak ekhadya drudhnishchayi vyakticha upman karato kinwa tichi badnami karato tyala 1,500 teey 20,000 peso (kalam 110) paryant dand thothavanyat yeto.
joou itaranni kelelya khotya batamya aanee dukhapatinche konatyahi prakare prakashan kinwa punarutpadan karato, tyala jevha jevha tyateel majkurache shrey sambandhit strotashi yogyaritya dile jaat nahee tevha khotya batamya aanee dukhapatinsathi jababdar mhanoon shiksha kelee jaeel. apavad mhanje sarvajanik hitachya kinwa thaam nasalelya vishayancha sandarbh denari abhivyakti (kalam 113 pahaa). jevha prasarmadhyamandvare apshabd kinwa dukhapat kelee jaate, tevha sambhavya atirikt dand mhanje doshinchya kharchavar nyayik nirnayache prakashan (kalam 114). joou vaiyaktik detabasemadhye samavisht asalelya vyaktibaddalchi mahitee jeey konala deto aanee jyala khotee asalyache maheet aahe, tyala sahaa mahine teey 3 varshe turungvasachi shiksha hote. jevha konala ija hote, tevha dand atirikt ardhya neey vadhavala jaato (kalam 117 biis, kalam 2 aanee 3).
austriya.
austreliyamadhye, faujdari sanhitechya kalam 111 dware manhanicha gunha apekshit aahe. sambandhit faujdari gunhyanmadhye "badnami aanee hallah" (kalam 115) samavisht aahe, jeey "jarr ekhadya vyaktine upman keela, vinod keela, gairvartan kele kinwa dhamkavale tarr too sarvajanikaritya sarvajanikaritya white vagvel" aanee tarihi "durbhavanapurna khotepana" (kalam 297), jyachi vyakhya khotya aarop mhanoon kelee jaate, jyamule ekhadyala khatala chalavanyacha dhoka nirman hoto.
azarbaijan.
azarbaijanmadhye, manhanichya gunhyasathi (kalam 147) "kiman vetanachya rakmechya 500 putt" paryant dand, 240 tasanparyant sarvajanik kaam, eka varshaparyant sudharana karya kinwa sahaa mahinyanparyant turungwas houu shakato. jarr pidit mahilevar 'gambhir kinwa atishay gambhir swarupacha' gunha kelyacha khota aarop keela gela tarr dand teen varshanparyant vadhavala jaato (kalam 147.2). apmanaspad gunhyamule (kalam 148) kiman vetanachya 1,000 putt dand kinwa sarvajanik kaam, durustiche kaam kinwa turungvasasathi manhanicha dand houu shakato.
manhani kayadyanvaril oo. ess. see. eae. chya ahavalanusar, "azarbaijancha manhani aanee apmanavaril lekh faujdari kayadyatoon kadhoon taknyacha aanee teey nagri sanhitet jatan karnyacha hetu aahe".
belgium.
belgiummadhye, sanmanaviruddhachya gunhyancha andaj belgian dand sanhitechya kalam 443 teey 453-biis yaa pachvya adhyayat vartavala gela aahe. ekhadi vyakti 'jevha kayada kathit vastusthiticha purava swikarato' aanee 'jevha kayada haah purava swikarat nahee' tevha badnamisathi doshi asate (kalam 443). dand aath divas teey eka varshacha turungwas aanee dand (kalam 444) aahe. yavyatirikt, 'nindatmak ninda' (kalam 445) yaa gunhyasathi 15 divas teey sahaa mahinyancha turungwas aanee dand thothavanyat aala aahe. dand sanhitechya 5 vya adhyayat samavisht asalelya konatyahi gunhyanmadhye, kiman dand duppat keela jaau shakato (kalam 453-bii. aay. ess.) "jevha ekhadya vyakticha dvesh, tiraskar kinwa dvesh tyachya kinwa tichya ichchit vanshamule, tvachecha rung, purvaj, rashtriy mool kinwa vanshikta, rashtriyatva, ling, laingik abhimukhata, vaivahik sthitee, janm thikan, vay, varsahas, tatvik kinwa dharmik shraddha, sadhyachi kinwa bhavishyatil aarogya sthitee, apangatva, mool bhasha, rajkiy shraddha, sharirik kinwa janukeey vaishishtya kinwa samajik mool yamule gunhyachi eka prerana asel".
brazil.
brazilmadhye, manhani haah eka gunha aahe, jyavar ektar manhani (teen mahine teey eka varsh turungwas, adhik dand; dand sanhiteche kalam 139), 'apkirti' (sahaa mahine teey done varshe turungwas, adhik dand; pisiche kalam 138) kinwa 'dukhapat' (eka teey sahaa mahine turungwas kinwa dand; kalam 140), sarvajanik thikani gunha keela jaato tevha tivra dandasah (kalam 141, itum III) kinwa rajya rajya viruddha tyachya niyamit kartvyanmule khatala chalavala jaato. dvesh aanee hinsacharala uttejan dene heey dand sanhitet dekhil purvanumey aahe (gunhyala uttejan, kalam 286). shivay, gundgiri kinwa naitik nirbandh yasarkhya paristhitit, manhanichya krutyanmadhye 'bekaydeshir nirbandh' (dand sanhiteche kalam 146) aanee 'vivekbuddhicha manmani vapar' (pisiche kalam 345) yaa gunhyancha samavesh aahe, jyachi vyakhya kayadyache ullanghan karane mhanoon kelee jaate.
bulgaria.
balgeriyamadhye, manhani haah aupcharikpane faujdari gunha aahe, parantu 1999 madhye turungvasachi shiksha radd karnyat aalee. faujdari sanhitechya kalam 14 (upman), 147 (faujdari manhani) aanee 148 (sarvajanik upman) madhye dandachi shiksha vihit kelee aahe.
canada.
canadamadhye, "faujdari sanhita" khaleel goshti faujdari gunhe mhanoon nirdisht karateh
kayadyacha faujdari bhag kvachitach lagoo keela gela aahe, parantu asey disun aale aahe qee, jevha dosharopit gunha mhanoon pahile jaate, tevha too anekada polis adhikari, durusti adhikari kinwa mukut vakeel yasarkhya mukutchya pratinidhiviruddha kelelya vidhananmadhun udbhavato. sarvat alikadil prakaranat, 2012 madhye, eka ottawa restaurant malkala tichya restaurantmadhil ann aanee sevechya gunavattebaddal takrar kelelya grahakacha online chhal kelyabaddal doshi tharvanyat aale.
2005 madhye jaaree kelelya europeey suraksha aanee sahkarya sanghatanechya adhikrut ahavalanusar, canadatil 57 vyaktinvar manhani, manhani aanee upman kelyacha aarop karnyat aala hota, tyapaiki 23 jananna doshi tharvanyat aale hote-9 jananna turungwas, 19 jananna pariviksha aanee ekala dand thothavanyat aala hota. turungatil sarasari kalavadhi 270 divasancha hota aanee kamal shiksha 4 varshanchya karavasachi hotee.
croatia.
croatiamadhye, upman karnyachya gunhyat teen mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa '100 dainandin utpannaparyant' dand (faujdari sanhita, kalam 199) vihit keela jaato. jarr gunha sarvajanik thikani keela gela asel tarr dand sahaa mahinyanchya turungvasaparyant kinwa "150 dainandin utpannaparyant" dandaparyant vadhavala jaato (kalam 199-2). shivay, manhanicha gunha tevha hoto jevha konee jeey vyaktibaddal khotee tathye pushti karato kinwa prasarit karato jyamule tyachya pratishthela haanee pohochu shakate. kamal dand eka varshacha turungwas kinwa 150 dainandin utpannaparyantcha dand (kalam 200-1) aahe. jarr gunha sarvajanik thikani keela gela asel tarr turungvasachi shiksha eka varshaparyant pohochu shakate (lekh 200-2). dusarikade, kalam 203 nusar, jevha vishisht sandarbh ekhadya vaidnyanik karya, sahityik karya, kalakruti, rajkarani kinwa sarkari sarkari ghetalelya sarvajanik mahiticha, patrakariteche karya, kinwa adhikarache sanrakshn kinwa nyayya hitsambandhanche sanrakshn yancha asel, tevha vareel lekhanchya (upman aanee badnami) vaparas suut aahe, parantu serve prakarananmadhye, "vartanacha uddesh konachi pratishtha kharab karane haah navhata".
chiilii.
chilimadhye, apaprachar aanee apaprachar aarop () heey gunhe dand sanhitechya kalam 412 teey 431 madhye samavisht aahet. apaprachar hii 'nishchit gunhyachi khotee aaropani aanee tyamule sarvajanik khatala chalavata yeu shakato' ashee vyakhya kelee jaate (kalam 412). jarr apaprachar lihilela asel aanee prasiddhisaha asel, tarr dand mhanje tyachya madhyam staravar "qamee turungwas" aanee gunhyacha sandarbh detana 11 teey 20 "mahattvapoorn vetan" dand, kinwa tyachya kiman staravar "qamee turungwas" aanee gairvartanacha sandarbh detana sahaa teey daha "mahattvapoorn vetan" dand (kalam 413). jarr too lekhee kinwa prasiddhisaha nasel, tarr dand mhanje tyachya kiman staravar "qamee turungwas" aanee gunhyabaddal asatana sahaa teey pandhra "mahattvapoorn vetan" dand kinwa gairvartanabaddal asel tevha sahaa teey daha "mahattvapoorn vetan" dand (kalam 414).
dand sanhitechya kalam 25 nusar, 'qamee turungwas' hii 61 divas teey paach varshanchya darmyanchi turungvasachi shiksha mhanoon paribhashit kelee aahe. kalam 30 nusar, tyachya madhyam kinwa kiman padvitil 'qamee turungwas' chya shikshemadhye turungvasachya kalavadhit sarvajanik padacha vapar nilambit karane dekhil samavisht aahe.
kalam 416 madhye 'upman, badnami kinwa avman ghadavun aananari serve abhivyakti kinwa keleli krutee' ashee vyakhya kelee aahe. kalam 417 madhye, sarvajanik khatala chalvu naan jaau gunhyacha kinwa gairvartanacha aarop aanee dukhavalelya vyaktichi pratishtha, shrey kinwa hitsambandhanna mothya pramanat haanee pohochavinyas saksham asalelya kuprathacha kinwa naitikatecha abhav yancha aarop yasah (gambhir badnami) vyapakpane paribhashit kele aahe. "lekhee swarupat kinwa prasiddhisaha 'gambhir badnami' karnyasathi kiman teey madhyam staravar 'qamee turungwas' aanee akra teey vees 'mahattvapoorn vetan' dand thothavanyat yeto. mrut vyaktichi badnami kinwa badnami (kalam 424) haah khatala patee/patni, mule, natwande, palak, aajee-aajoba, bhawande aanee santapt vyaktiche varasdar chalvu shakatat. shevati, kalam 425 nusar, paradeshi vruttapatranmadhye prakashit prakashit apshabd aanee apshabdanchya babatit, jyanni chilichya pradeshatoon lekh pathavale kinwa paradeshat prakashanasathi aadesh dile, kinwa asha vartmanpatranchya chilimadhye praveshat yogdan dile, tyaa sarvanna jababdar manale jaate.
chean.
chinchya mukhya bhoobhagat, peaples republic auph chayanachya faujdari kayadyachya kalam 246 () madhye gambhir manhanisathi teen varshanpeksha jaast jaast nishchit mudatichya turungvasachi kinwa takrarivar faujdari najarkaidet thevanyachi shiksha kelee jaate, joparyant tee sarkarchya virodhat nasel.
chean prajasattakadvare prashasit kshetranmadhye, faujdari sanhitechya () kalam 310 madhye 7 julai 2000 roji ghatanatmak nyayalayachya nyayadhishanni, nyayik yuan () yanni ghatanatmak tharavalelya manhanila gunhegari tharavale aahe. kayadyache samarthan karnyacha nyayalayacha tark assa hota qee, chean prajasattakachya sanvidhanache kalam 11 bhashan swatantryache sanrakshn karat asatana, adhikar "yogya nirbandhanchya adheen aahe" jethe "vaiyaktik pratishtha aanee gopaniyata yasarkhya itar moolbhut hakkanche sanrakshn karnyasathi heey aavashyak aahe". kalam 310 madhye ashee tartud aahe qee faujdari badnamicha aaropi asalelya vyaktichi, jarr tee sambandhit manhanikar vidhanache satya siddha karoo shakali tarr tichi nirdosh muktata kelee jaeel; nyayalayane yacha arth assa lavala qee, jaree aaropi heey vidhan kharey asalyache dakhavanyat ayashasvi tharala, taree jevha teey vidhan kele gele tevha teey kharey hote aanee puravyacha bhaar ajunahi abhiyojan pakshakade aahe yavar vishvas thevanyas tyanchyakade vajvi aadhar asalyas tyanna doshi tharavale jaau shakat nahee. chean prajasattakat manhaniche satatyane honare gunhegarikaran vadgrast aahe, janewari 2022 madhye prakashit jhalelya 'taipei times' madheel eka sampadakiyat assa yuktivad karnyat aala aahe qee, 'samajachi eka samanya sampatti' asalyane, sarkari vakilanni 'khajgi vivadanaivaji mothya gunhyanmadhye tyanche serve prayatna kele pahijet' aanee faujdari manhani 'ayogya' paddhatine rashtranchya nyayalayanche 'lock naitikatechya' nyayalayanmadhye rupantar karate.
check prajasattak.
check faujdari sanhitechya kalam 184 nusar, badnami haah gunha aahe. dand jastit jaast eka varshaparyant turungvasaparyant pohochu shakato (lekh 184-1) kinwa, jarr gunha prasarmadhyame, chitrapat, redio, durdarshan, sarvajanikaritya upalabdh asalelya sanganakachya jaalyachya madhyamatoon kinwa "ashach prakare prabhavi" paddhatindware keela gela asel tarr gunhegar done varshanparyant turungat rahoo shakato kinwa vishisht kriyakalap karnyas pratibandhit keela jaau shakato.
tathapi, keval sarvat gambhir prakarananmadhyech faujdari khatala chalavala jaeel. qamee gambhir prakarane maafee, nuksan kinwa aadeshansathi karvai karoon sodavali jaau shakatat.
denmark.
denmarkmadhye, denmarkchya faujdari sanhitechya kalam 267 dware paribhashit kelyapramane, manhani haah eka gunha aahe, jyamadhye sahaa mahinyanchya turungvasachi shiksha kinwa dandachi shiksha aanee piditane suru keleli karyavahi aahe. yavyatirikt, kalam 266-bii, vyaktinchya gatala tyanchya vansh, rung, rashtriy kinwa vanshik mool, dharm kinwa "laingik cull" mule lakshya kelelya sarvajanik badnamichya prakaranat jastit jaast done varshanchya karavasachi shiksha vihit karate.
finland.
finlandmadhye, faujdari sanhitenusar (adhyay 24, kalam 9 aanee 10) manhani haah gunha aahe, jyavar dand kinwa, jarr gambhir asel tarr, done varshanparyant turungwas kinwa dand thothavala jaau shakato. badnamichi vyakhya ekhadya vyaktila haanee pohochavanyasathi yogya assa khota ahwal kinwa aakshep pasaravane kinwa anyatha konacha taree upman karane ashee kelee jaate. jiwant asalelya priyajananna haanee pohochavane yogya asalyas mrut vyaktichi badnami karane dekhil gunha tharoo shakato. yavyatirikt, 'vaiyaktik gopaniyateche ullanghan karnari mahiticha prasar' (adhyay 24, kalam 8) navacha eka gunha aahe, jyamadhye aekhadyachya gopaniyatechya adhikarala haanee pohochavinyas yogya asha prakare mahiticha prasar karane, agadi achook asane samavisht aahe. sarvajanik karyalayatil, vyavasayatil kinwa tulanatmak sthiteet asalelya vyaktichya vartanashi sambandhit kinwa sarvajanik hitachya babinshi sambandhit itar mahitishi sambandhit asaleli mahitee yaa bandichya kakshet yet nahee. finnish faujdari kayadyat keval naisargik vyaktinchya corporate sansthanchya badnamila dand denari konatihi tartud nahee.
france.
francemadhye, manhani haah eka faujdari gunha aahe jyachi vyakhya 'jyaa vyaktivar kinwa sansthevar vastusthiti ladali gelee aahe tyaa vyaktichya sanmanala kinwa pratishthela haanee pohochavanara aarop kinwa vastusthitiche vatap' ashee kelee jaate. jarr tyat konatihi tathye samavisht nastil kinwa dawa kelelya tathyanchi padtalani kelee jaau shakat nasel tarr manhanikar aarop apmanaspad manla jaato.
germany.
german kayadyat, badnami aanee badnami yaat konatahi farak nahee. german badnamiche khatale vadhat aahet. germanychya faujdari sanhitechya sambandhit gunhyanmadhye kalam 90 (federal rashtrapatinche upman), kalam 90aii ([federal] rajya aanee tyachya chinhanche upman), kalam kalam (rajyaghatanechya avayavanche asanvaidhanik upman), kalam 185 (upman), kalam 186 (charitryachi badnami), kalam 187 (jaanunbujun asatyasah badnami), kalam 188 (kalam 186 aanee 187 viruddha ullanghan kelyabaddal vadhiv dandasah rajkiy badnami), kalam 189 (mrut vyaktiche upman), kalam 192 192 vidhanansah upman) yancha samavesh aahe. yaa gunhyanchya khatalyachya karyavahishi sambandhit itar kalame mhanje kalam 190 (satyacha purava mhanoon faujdari shiksha), kalam 193 (yogya hitsambandhanchya shodhat badnami nahee), kalam 194 (yaa parichhedankhali faujdari khatala chalvanyasathi arj), kalam 199 (paraspar apmanala shiksha houu naan denyachi parvanagi) aanee kalam 200 (ghoshanechi paddhat).
greece.
greesmadhye, manhani, badnami kinwa apmanasathi kamal turungvasachi shiksha paach varshe hotee, tarr kamal dand 15,000 euro hota.
upman karnyachya gunhyamule (dand sanhitechya kalam 361, kalam 1) eka varshaparyant turungwas kinwa dand houu shakato, tarr vinautsahit upman (kalam 1)
361-aaa, kalam 1) yala kiman teen mahinyanchya turungvasachi shiksha jhaali. yavyatirikt, manhanimule done mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa dand houu shakato, tarr gambhir manhanimule kiman teen mahinyancha turungwas, tasech sambhavya dand (kalam 363) aanee gunhegaranchya nagri hakkanpasoon vanchit rahane houu shakate. shevati, mrut vyaktichya smruticha upman kelyas sahaa mahinyanparyant turungvasachi shiksha hote (dand sanhita, kalam 365).
bharat.
bharatat, manhanicha khatala faujdari kayada kinwa diwani kayada kinwa cyber gunhegari kayadyantargat, ektritpane kinwa kramane dakhal keela jaau shakato.
bharatiy rajyaghatanenusar, abhivyakti swatantryacha moolbhut adhikar (kalam 19) "vajvi nirbandhanchya" adheen aaheh
tyanusar, faujdari badnamichya uddeshane, bharatiy dand sanhita, 1860 chya kalam 499 madhye "vajvi nirbandh" paribhashit kele aahet. haah vibhag badnamichi vyakhya karato aanee jevha vidhan badnami manale jaat nahee tevha daha vaidh apavad pradan karato. tyat mhatale aahe qee, jevha ekhadi vyakti "bolalya gelelya kinwa vachanyachya uddeshane, kinwa chinhandware kinwa drishyaman pratinidhitvadvare, haanee pohochavanyacha hetu asalelya konatyahi vyaktibaddal konatehi aarop karate kinwa prakashit karate, kinwa asha aaropamule asha vyaktichya pratishthela haanee pohochel asey jaanun kinwa vishvas thevanyache kaaran asate tevha manhani hote". done varshanparyantcha sadha turungwas kinwa dand kinwa donhi (kalam 500) ashee shiksha aahe.
khotya aaropanshi sambandhit itar kahee gunheh nivadanukansambandhi khotee vidhane (kalam 171 jee), khotee mahitee (kalam 182), nyayalayatil khote dave (kalam 209), khote faujdari aarop (kalam 211).
upman sambandhit itar kahee gunheh nyayalayin karyavahit sarkari sarkari (kalam 228), dharm kinwa dharmik shraddhanviruddha (kalam 295aii), dharmik bhavnanviruddha (kalam 298), shantatechya ullanghanaviruddha (kalam 504), mahilanchya vinaybhangachya virodhat (kalam 509).
bharatiy faujdari prakriya sanhitenusar, 1973 chya badnamivar keval takrarivar (kayadyapasun sahaa mahinyanchya aat) khatala chalavala jaato (kalam 199) aanee too jaminasathi, gair-sandnyey aanee shamaneey gunha aahe (pahah gunhegariche vargikaran).
ireland.
(sudharit) manhani kayada 2009 nusar, shevatche faujdari gunhe (kalam 3637, ishninda) radd karnyat aalyache disate. maryada kayada pahilya prakashanachya velepasoon eka varshacha aahe (nyayalaye done varshanparyant vadhavu shakatat) (kalam 38).
2009 chaa kayada 1961 chaa manhani kayada radd karato, jyane atyachar samanya kayadyachya moolbhut tattvansah jawaljawal ardhya shatkaparyant ayrish manhani kayadyavar niyantran thewale hote. 2009 chaa kayada ayrish kayadyatil mahattvapoorn badalanche pratinidhitva karato, kaaran anekancha assa vishvas aahe qee too purvi prasarmadhyamanchya abhivyakti swatantryala apuri mahatva dett asey aanee vyaktichya changlya navachya adhikarachya samarthanarth khoop jaast vajan karat asey.
israyal.
manhani pratibandh kayadyanusar (1965) manhani haah ektar diwani kinwa faujdari gunha tharoo shakato.
diwani gunha mhanoon, badnami haah eka apkrutya khatala manla jaato aanee nyayalay badnamine lakshya kelelya vyaktiparyant nuksanbharpai deu shakate, tarr firyadila bhautik nuksan siddha karanyachi garaj nahee.
faujdari gunha mhanoon, manhanichi shiksha eka varsh turungvasachi aahe. gunha ghadavanyasathi, manhani jaanunbujun hone aanee kiman done vyaktinna lakshya karane aavashyak aahe.
itali.
italimadhye sanmanachya virodhat vegvegale gunhe hott asat. dukhapaticha gunha (dand sanhiteche kalam 594) tyanchya upasthitit konachya taree sanmanache ullanghan karnyachya kruticha sandarbh deto aanee sahaa mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa 516 europaryant dandaniy hota. badnamicha gunha (kalam 595, dand sanhita) anek vyaktinsamor aekhadyachya pratishthela dukhapat nirman itar konatyahi paristhiticha sandarbh deto aanee turungat eka varshaparyant kinwa €1,032 paryant dand, duheri turungwas kinwa nishchit tathyachya aaropat gunhyat samavisht asalyas €2,065 paryant dandasah dandaniy aahe. jevha gunha prasarmadhyamanchya madhyamatoon kinwa prasiddhichya itar konatyahi madhyamatoon kinwa sarvajanik nidarshananmadhye hoto, tevha dand sahaa mahinyapasoon teen varshanparyant turungwas kinwa kiman 516 eurocha dand asato. teey donhi 'gunhe hote, mhanje, piditela konatyahi kshani,' (aupcharik takrar) mage gheuun faujdari khatala thambavanyacha kinwa keval 'diwani karvai' naan karata vastusthitivar khatala chalavanyacha kinwa tyamule konatyahi faujdari khatala naan chalavanyacha adhikar hota. tathapi, 15 janewari 2016 pasoon, dukhapat haah aata gunha nasoon chhal aahe, tarr manhani haah ajunahi purvisarkhach gunha manla jaato.
shevati, dand sanhitechya kalam 31 madhye asey sthapit kele aahe qee sattecha gairavapar kinwa vyavasay kinwa kalecha gairavapar kinwa tyaa vyavasayat kinwa kalemadhye antarbhut asalelya kartvyache ullanghan karoon kelele gunhe, kayadyat tatpuratya bandichya atirikt dandas karanibhoot tharatat.
tyaa vyavasayacha kinwa kalecha abhyas.
itar konatyahi gunhyapramanech, manhaniche janivpurvak khote aarop, apapracharachya gunhyakade netat (kalam 368, dand sanhita), jyachi vyakhya italian kayadeshir vyavastheantargat, vyavastheantargat, tyanni naan kelelya gunhyacha chukicha aarop karnyacha gunha mhanoon kelee jaate.
khatalyachya babatit, puravyachya kayadeshiratevaril nikal tyachi prasangikta qamee karato.
japan.
japani dand sanhita (teepah sarkarkadoon anuvad, parantu tarihi adhikrut majkoor nahee) yaa sambandhit gunhyancha ullekh karate asey disateh
yavyatirikt, vruttpatra swatantryashi sambandhit sanvidhanachya kalam xxi pasoon eka apavad udbhavato, jyamadhye ashee tartud aahe qee tyanni prakashit keleli manhanikar vidhane kharee aahet asey nyayyapane manale tarr prasarmadhyame manhanichi jababdari talhu shakatat.
japanchya rajyaghatanet asey mhatale aaheh 
maleshiya.
malaysiamadhye, badnami haah ekhadya vyaktichi pratishtha aanee changle naav rakhanyasathi kelela chhal aanee faujdari gunha donhi aahe. manhani kayada 1957 (sudharit 1983) aanee dand sanhita heey mukhya kayade aahet. united kingdam, singapur aanee bharat yasarkhya itar samanya kayadyachya adhikarkshetranchya prathenusar, maleshiya prakaran kayadyavar avalambun aahe. kharey tarr, manhani kayada 1957 haah ingraji manhani kayada 1952 sarkhach aahe. malaysian dand sanhita bharatiy aanee singapurchya dand sanhitanshi sambandhit aahe.
mexico.
mexicomadhye, federal dand sanhitet tasech pandhra rajyanmadhye apshabd, badnami aanee apaprachar aarop () heey gunhe radd karnyat aale aahet. heey gunhe satra rajyanchya dand sanhitanmadhye aahet, jethe dand, sarasari, 1.1 varshanpasun (badnamichya aaropansathi doshi tharalelyansathi) teey 3.8 varshanparyant (apapracharasathi doshi tharalelyansathi) turungwas aahe.
netherlands.
netherlandsmadhye, manhanicha samna mukhytah jilha nyayalayat diwani takrar dakhal karoon keela jaato. diwani sanhitechya 6 vya pustakachya kalam 167 madhye asey mhatale aaheh "jevha ekhadi vyakti chukichya kinwa apurnatemule, tathyatmak swarupachya mahitichya dishabhul nirman prakashanamule yaa kalmantargat jeey vyaktisathi jababdar asate, tevha nyayalay, yaa jeey vyaktichya karvaichya adhikaravar (kayadeshir dawa), nyayalayadvare tharvalya tharvalya margane sudharana prakashit karnyache aadesh nyayalayala deu shakate."jarr nyayalayane aadesh deela, tarr prativadila sahasa prakashan hatavanyache kinwa durustiche vidhan prakashit karnyache aadesh dile jaatat.
norwey.
norweymadhye, manhani haah sahaa mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa dand (dand sanhita, adhyay 23, kalam 246) ashee shiksha asalela gunha hota. jevha gunhyamule aekhadyache 'changle naav' aanee pratishtha kharab honyachi shakyata asate, kinwa tyala dvesh, tiraskar kinwa aatmavishvas gamavanyachi shakyata asate, tevha kamal turungvasachi shiksha eka varshaparyant hotee aanee jarr badnami chhapil, prasaranat kinwa visheshtah gambhir paristhitit jhaali asel tarr turungwas done varshanparyant pohochala asel (kalam 247). jevha gunhegar tyachya changlya nirnayaviruddha vagato, tevha tyala jastit jaast teen varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha (kalam 248) bhogavi lagate. kalam 251 nusar, badnamiche krutya anishchit gatakade kinwa mothya sankhyene vyaktinkade nirdeshit kele gele nasel, tarr sarvajanik sarvajanikahii tyanchyavar khatala chalavala asel, tarr, naraj vyaktine badnamiche khatale suru karane aavashyak aahe.
2005 madhye sansadene tharavalelya naveen dand sanhiteantargat, manhani haah gunha mhanoon astitvat rahnar nahee. tyaeivaji, jyaa vyaktila vatate qee too kinwa tee badnamichya adheen aahe, tyala diwani khatale dakhal karave lagtil. faujdari sanhita 1 aktoobar 2015 roji lagoo jhaali.
polland.
polandmadhye, badnami haah eka gunha aahe jyamadhye ekhadya vyaktivar asha vartanacha aarop karane samavisht aahe jyamule tyala janmatanusar apmanit kele jaau shakate kinwa tyala "dilelya padasathi, vyavasayasathi kinwa kriyakalap prakarasathi aavashyak asalelya aatmavishvas gamavane" ughad kele jaau shakate. dandamadhye dand, swatantryachi maryada aanee eka varshaparyantcha turungwas (faujdari sanhitecha anuchhed 212.1) yancha samavesh aahe. jevha madhyamandvare gunha ghadato tevha dand adhik kathor asato (lekh 212.2). jevha upman sarvajanik asato aanee tyache kinwa tyachya rashtriyatvamule, vanshiktemule, vansh, dharm kinwa dharmachya abhavamule lokanchya gatala kinwa vyaktila dukhavanyacha uddesh asato, tevha kamal turungvasachi shiksha teen varshe asate.
portugal.
portugalmadhye manhaniche gunhe asey aaheth manhani (dand sanhiteche kalam 180; sahaa mahinyanchya turungvasaparyant kinwa 240 divasanparyant dand), dukhapat (qalaa. 181; teen mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa 120 divasanparyant dand) aanee "mrut vyaktichya smaranarth gunha" (qalaa. 185; 6 mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa 240 divasanparyant dand). prasiddhichya prakarananmadhye dand vadhavala jaato (qalaa. 183; done varshanparyant turungwas kinwa kiman 120 divasancha dand) aanee jevha pidit adhikari asel (art.184; itar serve dand atirikt ardhya neey vadhavale). ajunahi "nyayalayachya nirnayachi sarvajanik mahitee" (badnamikartyane bharalele kharch) (qalaa) haah atirikt dand aahe. dand sanhitechya 189) aanee 'gunhyala uttejan' denyacha gunha (kalam 297; teen varshanparyant turungwas kinwa dand).
romania.
2022 paryant, badnami, upman kinwa badnami assa konatahi gunha nahee.
phillipines.
phillipineschya sudharit dand sanhitechya teravya shirshakat "sanmanaviruddhachya gunhyanna" sambodhit kele aahe. tyaa shirshakacha pahila adhyay badnami aanee badnamila sambodhit karato. manhanichi vyakhya ashee kelee jaate qee, "ekhadya gunhyacha, kinwa ekhadya white kinwa sadoshatecha, vastavik kinwa kalpanik, kinwa konatyahi kruticha, chook, sthitee, sthiticha kinwa naisargik kinwa kayadeshir vyakticha upman, badnami kinwa avman karnyas pravrutt karnari paristhiticha, kinwa mrut vyaktichi aathvan kalee padnyasathi sarvajanik aanee durbhavanapurna aarop karane". badnamichi vyakhya tondi manhani ashee kelee jaate. krutidvare badnamichi vyakhya ashee kelee jaate qee, "yaa shirshakamadhye samavisht naan kelele aanee shiksha naan kelele konatehi krutya, jeey jeey vyakticha upman, badnami kinwa avman karel". yaa gunhyansathi aanee badnamichya dhamkyasathi dand kinwa turungvasachi shiksha nirdisht kelee aahe. phillipineschya kayadyantargat yaa gunhyanche eka ullekhaneey vaishishtya mhanje teey vastavik aanee kalpanik asha donhi prakarchya aaropanna lagoo hotat. sanyukt rashtranchya manavadhikar samiteene 2012 madhye nirnay deela qee phillipinescha manhani kayada nagri aanee rajkiy hakkanvaril aantarrashtriy kararachya kalam kalam visangat aahe tasech "rajya pakshanni (kararashi sambandhit) manhaniche gunhegarikaran karnyacha vichar karava" assa aagrah keela.
saudi arabia.
saudi arabiat, rajyachi kinwa bhootkalatil kinwa sadhyachya shasakachi badnami karane, dahashatvad kayadyantargat dandaniy aahe. 2015 chya eka prakaranat, deshachya majee rajala badnam kelyabaddal eka saudi lekhkala atak karnyat aalee hotee. kathitpane, [2014] dahashatvadvirodhi kayadyanusar, 'saudi arabiachya ektela dhoka nirman karnari, sarvajanik suvyavastha bighadavanari kinwa rajyachi kinwa rajyachi pratishtha kharab karnari' krutee hii dahashatvadi krutye manali jaatat. prarambhik chaukashidarmyan sanshayitala tyachya vakilachya upasthitishivay 90 divas sampark naan thevata thewale jaau shakate, asey kayadyat mhatale aahe."
dakshin koria.
dakshin koriyamadhye, kharee aanee khotee asha donhi vidhane badnami manali jaau shakatat. chukichya vidhanansathi dand vadhatat. ekhadi vyakti jiwant nastana tichi faujdari badnami hone dekhil shakya aahe.
jevha sarvajanik vidhan heey vidhan kharey asel aanee keval sarvajanik hitasathi sadar kele nasel, tevha sarvajanik vidhan vishayachya pratishthela haanee pohochavate tevha faujdari badnami hote. dakshin koriyamadhye faujdari kayadyavyatirikt, jeey turungvasachi (aarop khote asalyas saat varshanparyant) aanee aarthik dandachi parvanagi dete, konihi diwani karvaisah nukasanbharpaisathi dekhil khatala dakhal karoo shakato. samanyatah, dakshin koriyache police nyayik tapasanis mhanoon diwani karvai karatat.
majee soviet union.
purvichya soviet unionmadhye, manhanikar upman haah "keval faujdari gunha tharoo shakato, diwani chook nahee".
spain.
spainmadhye, apapracharachya gunhyat (dand sanhiteche kalam 205) aaropanchi asatyata jaanun gheuun kinwa satyacha beparvaine tiraskar karoon aekhadyavar gunha dakhal karane samavisht aahe. prasiddhichya prakaranansathi dand sahaa mahinyapasoon done varshe turungwas kinwa 12 teey 24 mahinyancha dand-dand aanee itar prakaranansathi keval sahaa teey baaraa mahinyancha dand-dand (kalam 206) aahe. yavyatirikt, dukhapatichya gunhyat (dand sanhitechya kalam 208) konachi taree pratishtha dukhavane, tyachi pratishtha qamee karane kinwa tyacha aatmasanman dukhavane yancha samavesh aahe aanee too gunha, tyachya swabhavanusar, parinam aanee paristhitinusar, samanya janata jarr gambhir manat asel tarach too lagoo hoto. dukhapatisathi teen teey saat mahinyancha dand asato-dand kinwa sahaa teey chauda mahinyancha dand-jevha tee jordar aanee prasiddhisaha asate. kalam 216 nusar, nyayadhishankadun badnami kinwa dukhapatisathi atirikt dand thothavala jaau shakato, jyamule badnami badnami kharchavar nyayik nirnayache (vartmanpatrat) prakashan nishchit kele jaau shakate.
sweeden.
sweedenmadhye, gunhegari sanhitechya 5 vya adhyayadvare () heey upman karane gunhegari aahe. kalam 1 badnamiche niyaman karate aanee tyat ekhadyala gunhegar mhanoon kinwa "nindaniy jivanshaili asalela" mhanoon soochit karane kinwa "itaranchya anadaras tond denyachya hetune" tyanchyabaddal mahitee pradan karane samavisht aahe. dand haah dand aahe. samanyatah vidhane khotee asane aavashyak nasate; jarr tyanchi vidhane nindaniy asateel tarr tee pureshi asate.
kalam 2 ekoon badnamiche niyaman karate aanee done varshanparyant turungwas kinwa dand aakarla jaato. gunha gambhir aahe qaa yacha nirnay detana, mahitee, tichya majkuramule kinwa tichya prasarachya vyaptimule, "gambhir nuksan" karnyasathi ganali gelee aahe qaa yacha nyayalayane vichar keela pahije. udaharanarth, prativadine jaanunbujun khote sangitale heey siddha houu shakate tarr. kalam 4, kalam 1 kinwa 2 nusar mrut vyaktila badnam karane haah gunha tharvato. sarvat spashtapane, parichhed haah kayadyachya palikade jaanyacha eka marg mhanoon aekhadyachya aaee-vadilanna badnam karane bekaydeshir banavanyasathi aahe.
kalam 3, kalam 1 kinwa 2 antargat vaishishtyikrut nasalelya itar apmanaspad vartanache niyaman karate aanee dand kinwa, jarr too gambhir asel tarr, sahaa mahinyanparyant turungwas kinwa dandasah dandaniy aahe. manhanichya krutimadhye krutimadhye vyakticha samavesh asala taree apmanaspad vartanachi tee aavashyakta nahee.
patrakarita swatantrya kayada, adhyay 7 madheel savalatinnusar, avmanavaril kayadyantargat faujdari aanee diwani donhi khatale nyayalayat aanale jaau shakatat.
switzerland.
switzerlandmadhye, swees faujdari sanhitechya 174-2 yaa lekhanusar, jaanunbujun manhani karnyachya gunhyasathi jastit jaast teen varshanchya turungvasachi kinwa kiman tees divasanchya dandachi shiksha hote. jevha gunhegarala tyachya/tichya aaropanche khotepan kalate aanee jaanunbujun aekhadyachya piditechi pratishtha kharab karnyacha vichar karato tevha jaanunbujun manhani hote (174-1 aanee 174-2 heey lekh pahaa).
dusarikade, badnamisathi keval 180 dainandin dandatmak ekak (kalam 173-1) chya kamal aarthik dandasah shiksha kelee jaate. mrut kinwa anupasthit vyakticha vichar keela tarr 30 varshanparyant (mrutyunantar) kayadyachi amalbajavani karanyachi maryada asate.
internet aanee intranetschya (bund sanganak jaale) udayabarobar, nyayalayanchya lakshaparyant naan pohochata, manhanikar vidhane vebprushthanvar kinwa antargat memovar kalavali jaau shakatat. asha 'gupt manhani' chaa vapar itar gunhegari kinwa nishkaljipanachya krutyanna lapavanyasathi keela jaau shakato.
thayaland.
thaee faujdari sanhitet ashee tartud aahe keeh
thayalandmadhye faujdari sanhitechya kalam 326 antargat faujdari manhaniche aarop anekada deshatil kamgaranchya manavadhikar paristhitivar teeka karnare patrakar aanee karyakartyanna sensor karnyasathi vaparale jaatat.
united kingdam.
united kingdamne 12 janewari 2010 roji mrutyudand aanee nyay kayada 2009 chya kalam 73 dware faujdari badnami radd kelee. faujdari badnami kayada lagoo kelyachya kahee udaharane hotee. vishesh mhanje, 1912 madhye italian arajaktavadi erico malatestala italian rajya agent ennio belelicha nishedh kelyabaddal faujdari manhanisathi doshi tharvanyat aale.
ingraji samanya kayadyanusar, aaropanche satya siddha karane heey moolatah keval diwani manhanichya prakarananmadhye vaidh sanrakshn hote. pratyaksh badnamivar aadharit gunha honyaeivaji, shantata bhang karnyas pravrutt karnyachya badnamichya pravruttichya aadhare faujdari badnamicha arth mothya pramanat lokanviruddhacha gunha assa lavala gela; tyamule tyachi satyata aprasangik manali gelee. manhani kayada 1843 chya kalam 6 neey aaropanche siddha satya faujdari manhanichya prakarananmadhye vaidh bachav mhanoon vaparanyachi parvanagi dilee, parantu prativadine heey dekhil dakhavun dile qee prakashan "sarvajanik fayadhyasathi" hote tarach.
united states.
nimmyahoon qamee american rajyanmadhye faujdari badnamiche kayade aahet, parantu tyaa kayadyanchi lagoota yuu. ess. chya pahilya durustidware maryadit aahe.ess. sanvidhan aanee kayade kvachitach lagoo kele jaatat. federal staravar faujdari badnami kinwa upman kayade naheet. tathapi, rajya staravar, 23 rajye aanee done pradeshanmadhye pustakanvar faujdari manhaniche kayade aaheth alabama, florida, idaho, eleanoy, cances, kentki, louisiana, massatusates, mishigan, minnesota, mississippy, montana, newada, nyu hampshire, nyu mexico, north carolina, north dakota, oklahoma, south carolina, texas, utah, virginia, wisconsin, puerto riko aanee virgine bete. yavyatirikt, iova haah kayadeshiraritya gunha mhanoon paribhashit naan karata khatalyachya kayadyachya madhyamatoon badnamila gunhegari tharvato.
"dupar wii. stepple' kadhikadhi purv udaharan mhanoon uddhrut kele jaate qee satya heey nehmich yuu. aii. madhye badnami karnyasathi sanrakshn nasate.ess.parantu heey prakaran pratyakshat tyaa muddyavar vaidh purvavarti nahee kaaran mukhya tattvanni pahilya durustichya sanrakshanacha yuktivad keela nahee, joou tyachya vidhanansathi sampoorn bachav mhanoon satyacha eka siddhant aahe. nyayalayane yaa prakaranat asey gruheet dharale qee massatusates kayada haah pakshakaranni yuktivad naan karata pahilya durustinusar ghatanatmak aahe.
venezuela.
march 2016 madhye, manhanichya diwani karvaimule eka vruttpatra prakashkala chaar varshanchya turungvasachi shiksha thothavanyat aalee.
online badnami.
prakashanache madhyam mhanoon internetcha uday aanee rashtriy seema olandun samaj madhyamanchya manchanchya udayasah kalpananchi abhivyakti, manhani kayadyachya paramparik kalpananshi samet karane aavhanatmak siddha jhaale aahe. seemapar online badnami prakarananmadhye adhikarkshetra aanee parasparvirodhi maryadecha kalavadhi, badnamikarak samgrichya hyperlinksasathi dayitva, anamik pakshanviruddha khatale dakhal karane aanee internet seva pradata aanee madhyasthanche dayitva online badnami heey kayadyache eka adviteey guntaguntiche kshetra banavate. parinami, vividh adhikarkshetranmadhil nyayalaye aanee vidhimandalanni vividh aanee parasparvirodhi marganni online badnamicha marg nivadala aahe.
dakshin koriyamadhye, internetchya udayamule kayadyache eka vegale aanee dhruvikaran karnare kshetra mhanoon cyber badnami kayadyacha uday jhaala aahe. tivra nairashyane grast asalelya kahee corian celebritinni nantar durbhavanapurna online tippanya jodalya, jyamule cyber badnami kayada balkat karnyachya upayanna uttejan midale. dakshin koriyatil cyber badnami polisanche bahusankhya ahwal online khelanmadhun udbhavtat aanee ektya 2015 madhye, dakshin koriyachya kayada amalbajavani yantranela cyber badnamichya 8,000 hoon adhik ahwal prapt jhaale aanee tyanchi chaukashi jhaali; yapaiki nimmyahoon adhik prakarananmadhye 'leag auph legends' samavisht aahe, jithe kheladu sahkari kinwa virodhakanni shabdikaritya shivigal kelyanantar suud ugavanyasathi polis thanyanmadhye jaatat. settlement phii shikari' dekhil aahet, jithe kheladu itar kheladunkadun upman honyachya hetune khelanmadhye pravesh karatat aanee dukkhit hotat. kahee prakarananmadhye, asha settlement shulkache shikari ekach velee itar 50 hoon adhik vyaktinviruddha polis ahwal dakhal karatat. settlement shulk shikariche bahutansh balee kishoravayin asatat, kaaran anek palak tyanchya mulanna khatalyala jaane aanee gunhegari nondi midvanyacha dhoka talhanyasathi 300,000 teey 2,000,000 krw (us $300-2000) paryant settlement shulk bharnyas tayar asatat.
2012 madhye, philipinesne 'cyber gunhe pratibandh kayada 2012' yaa shirshakakhali prajasattak kayada 10175 lagoo keela. moolatah, yaa kayadyat ashee tartud aahe qee badnami hii faujdari shiksharh aahe aanee tyache varnan asey kele aaheh "badnami-sudharit dand sanhitechya kalam 355 madhye paribhashit kelyapramane bekaydeshir kinwa pratibandhit krutya, sudharit, sanganak pranalidware kinwa bhavishyat tayar kelya jaau jaau itar konatyahi samaan madhyamandvare kele gele aahe."phillipines vidyapithache pradhyapak harry roqa yanni lihile aahe qee yaa kayadyantargat electronic badnamila sahaa varshe aanee eka divas teey baaraa varshanparyant turungvasachi shiksha hote. haah kayada asanvaidhanik asalyacha dawa nirman paach yachika philipineschya sarvoch nyayalayat dakhal karnyat aalya hotya, eka synet sadasya teophisto guingona III yanni dakhal kelee hotee. serve yachika assa dawa karatat qee kayada abhivyakti swatantrya, yogya prakriya, samaan sanrakshn aanee sanvadachya gopaniyateche ullanghan karato.
austreliyacha khatala chalavanara pahila tweeter badnamicha khatala 'mikle wii farley' asalyache manale jaate. prativadi, aurange highschoolchi majee vidyarthini andrew farleyla soshal media platformwar tichyabaddal manhanikar tippani lihilyabaddal eka shikshakala $105,000 denyache aadesh denyat aale hote. austreliyachya federal nyayalayat sunavani jhalelya 'hockey wii fairfax media publications pitivay limited' [2015] heey manhani kayadyatil aanakhi alikadil prakaran hote. haah nikal mahattvapoorn hota kaaran yaa prakaranat sangitalyapramane, teen shabdanitakech qamee asalele tweet heey manhanikar asoo shakatat heey yatoon disun aale.
internetvaril badnamichya sandarbhat, 2011 madhye canadachya sarvoch nyayalayane asey mhatale qee jee vyakti websitewar hyperlinks poost karate jyamule badnamikarak samagri asalelya dusarya sitewar jaate tee vyakti badnami aanee badnami kayadyachya uddeshane tee badnamikarak samagri prakashit karat nahee.
singapurmadhye, chhalapasun sanrakshn kayada 2014 chya bhag 3 chya vibhag 2 madhye, online khotya vidhananmule prabhavit jhalelya vyaktinna, internetvaril badnamichya purv-chhalantargat upalabdh nasalelya chhal atyacharantargat vividh nyayalayin aadesh magnyachi tartud aaheh
heey manhani kayada 1957 dware sudharit manhani aanee badnamichya samanya kayadyantargat karvaichya adhikarapeksha vegale aahe aanee tyacha parinam hott nahee. chhal sanrakshn kayada 2014, joou nagri upayanvyatirikt faujdari dandanchi tartud karato, visheshtah atee vyapak bhashanachya vyaptivar bekaydeshir pratibandh talhanyasathi vartanachya sankuchit vyaptila sambodhit karnyasathi tayar keela gela aahe aanee "chhal, bheeti kinwa tras" nirman nirman bhashanala sambodhit karnyapurta maryadit aahe.
internetchya udayamule jhalelya badnamichya naveen ghatananvar keval laksh denyakherij, jagbharatil nyayalayanna seemapar online badnamishi sambandhit jatil adhikarkshetriy samasyahi hatalavya lagalya aahet. 10 december 2002 roji, austreliyachya uchch nyayalayane 'daau johns wii. gutnick' yaa tyachya nikalat austreliyan nyayalayanchya aantarrashtriy adhikarkshetracha mothya pramanat vistar karoon yaa udayonmukh ghatanela pratisad deela. yaa nikalane heey siddha kele qee, internetvar prakashit paradeshi prakashne, jyanni austreliyanala tyanchya austreliyan pratishthesathi badnam kele aahe, tyanna austreliyan badnami kayadyantargat jababdar dharale jaau shakate. yaa prakaranane jagbharatil laksh vedhale aanee anekada chukichya paddhatine, asha prakarche pahile asalyache mhatale jaate. dow johns wii. gutnick' chya aadhiche asech eka prakaran englandmadhil 'dorizowski wii. forbes' aahe. ingland, scotland, france, canada aanee itali yasarkhya itar anek adhikarkshetranmadhye ashach nirnayanche pratibimb asale taree yaa nirnayavar americet teeka jhaali.
seemapar badnamichya prakarananmadhye nirnay lagoo karnyachya itar adhikarkshetranchya prayatnanchya vistarala aanee internetchya udayanantar sarvajanik sahbhagaviruddha deshantargat dhoranatmak khatalyanmadhye (thappad) vadhis pratisad mhanoon, americetil federal aanee anek rajya sarkaranni sagari badnamichya nirnayanchi amalbajavani maryadit karnare kayade sweekarle aahet aanee badnamiche dave twarit fetalale aahet. american lekhak aanee prakashakanna bhashan kayadyantargat anupalaniy nasalelya nasalelya manhanichya nirnayanchya amalbajavanipasun sanrakshn dile jaate, jeey 111 vya united states congressne manjur kele hote aanee 2010 madhye adhyaksh barak obama yanni kayadyat swakshari kelee hotee. heey newyork rajya 2008 manhani dahashatvad sanrakshn kayadyavar aadharit aahe (jyala rashell ehrenfeldne rajya aanee federal kayade suru kelyanantar "rashell kayada" mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate). newyork rajya kayada aanee federal kayada donhi ekmatane manjur karnyat aale.
nyu yorkerchya ahavalat sanyukt arab amiratine aayojit keleli online badnami moheem ughad jhaali. arab deshane swees company, ell. pii. sevanna lakho euro dile, jyane katar aanee muslim bandhutvasaha lakshyanviruddh mohima chalvanyasathi amiratiche paise guntavale. sanyukt rashtranche adhyaksh mohammed biin zayed yanni done lakshyanvishayi aanee 'darqa pii. aar.'. nusar thos purava midvanyasathi aalpala kamavar thewale. yaa mohimeantargat, aalpane wikipediachya badnamikarak nondi kelya aanee amiratichya lakshyanviruddh prachar lekh prakashit kele.
dharmik matey.
catholic.
catholic vishvakosh' neey apapracharala apapracharala eka doshala jababdar dharane, jyachyabaddal ekhadyala too nirdosh asalyache maheet aahe' asey mhatale aahe.
tyache parinam heey 'duheri dvesh aahe, jeey aaplya aaplya changlya nawala anyaykarakpane jhalelya hanimule aanee khote bolanyamulehi vadhate. dharmashastradnyanche mhanane aahe qee, jaree haah nantarcha dosh swatamadhye manla jaato, tarr too satyateviruddhacha gunha aahe, too gambhir asoo shakat nahee, parantu tarihi kabulijababat tyacha ullekh karane varanvar yogya tharel, jenekarun nuksanbharpaichi vyapti aanee paddhat nikali kadhali jaau shakel."
manhani hii aathvya aadnyeche ullanghan asalyache mhatale jaateh "tuu tuzya tuzya khotee saksh deu nayes."joseph deharbe done sambhavya karananchi yadee karato jevha ekhadyala" teey ughad karanyachi parvanagi asate aanee agadi bandhalele asate, 1. jevha teey doshi vyaktichya bhalyasathi asate; kinwa 2. jevha teey mothya vitas pratibandh karnyasathi aavashyak asate."
jameschya patrat manhaniche done sandarbh aaheth "jarr konee shabdanni dukhavale nahee, tarr too eka paripoorn manus aahe"; aanee punha, "jeebh kharokharach eka lahan sadasya aahe aanee mothya goshtincha abhiman balgate. kitee lahan aag aahe, kitee mothe lakud petavate teey pahaa."(3:2,5)
yaa shlokanvar aadharit, roman caticism khaleel vidhan karateh "sentchya yaa shabdanmadhun. james aapan done hitkarak satye shikatoh eka, jibhechi dushtata mothya pramanat aahe, eka satya jeey sandeshtyachya yaa shabdanmadhun atirikt pushti prapt karate, 'pratyek manus labad aahe' (pru. 115:11); haah naitik rog jawaljawal ekmev aahe joou serve manavjatiparyant pasarlela aahe asey disateh dusra, qee jeebh haah asankhya white goshtincha srot aahe."
jeane-baptist masilon badnamivar eka pradirgh upadesh deto jyamadhye too mhanato, "apapracharakchi jeebh hii eka bhasm karnari agni aahe, jee tyala jeey kahee sparsh karate tyala kalankit karate; joou changla dhanyavar, bhusepramanech tyacha rosh lavto; pavitravar asalyasarkhe apavitravar; jeey jithe jaate tithe fakt nirjanta aanee vidhvans sodate; pruthvichya aatadyanmadhye dekhil khodate aanee sarvat lapalelya goshtinvar swatahla sthir karate; tee ghaan rakhmadhye badalate, jee, eka kshanapurvich, aaplyala itaki maulyavan aanee tejaswi disali hotee."
sandarbh.
granthasuchi

