
sakhol shikshan

yuu madhye.ess. shikshan, sakhol shikshan haah vidyarthyanchya shaikshanik parinamancha eka sanch aahe jyamadhye majboot moolbhut shaikshanik aashay, uchch darjachi vichar karanyachi kaushalye aanee shikanyachi pravrutti yancha samavesh aahe. sakhol shikshan heey kaam, nagri aanee dainandin jivanache swaroop badalat aahe aanee mhanunach aupcharik shikshanamule tarunanna vishleshanatmak tark, guntaguntiche samasyeche nirakaran aanee sanghik karya yasarkhya kaushalyanmadhye prabhutva milane aavashyak aahe yaa aadharavar aadharit aahe.
sakhol shikshan heey yuu madheel vadhatya chalvalishi sambandhit aahe.ess. vastavik jagachya paristhitimadhye dnyan lagoo karnyachya aanee naveen samasya sodavanyachya kshamatevar vishesh bharr denare shikshan.
anek yuu.ess. vyapak samajik-aarthik shrenichi seva denanya shaala aanee shaley jilhe tyanchya shaikshanik drushtikonacha avibhajya ghatak mhanoon sakhol shikshan lagoo karatat.
itihas.
sakhol shikshan' hii sandnya tulanene naveen asali taree, vidyarthyanna shikanyacha vapar karnyas aanee madhyamik shikshananantarchya shikshanabarobarach karkird aanee jeevanat julavun ghenyasathi aanee bharbharatisathi saksham karnari kaushalye vikasit karnyas saksham karanyachi kalpana nahee. sakhol shikshanachi anek mahattvapoorn parshvabhoomi astitvat aahe.
udaharanarth, american tatvadnyani, manasshastradnya aanee shaikshanik sudharak johnn davie (1859-1952) yanni keval aashay dnyan midvanyache thikan mhanoon navhe tarr kase jagayache heey shikanyache thikan mhanoon shikshanache mahatva spasht kele. sakhol shikshanachya aadhunik samarthakanpramanech, devicha assa vishvas hota qee vidyarthi asha vatavaranat bharbharatila yetat jithe tyanna abhyaskramacha anubhav gheta yeil aanee tyanchyashi sanvad sadhata yeil aanee serve vidyarthyanna tyanchya swatachya shikshanat bhag ghenyachi sandhee midayala havee. devichya yuktivadanmule pragatishil shikshan aanee rachnatmak shikshanachya chalvalinna aadhar midala, jyat ratte samagri dnyanachya palikade shikshan aanee shikanyachi magani kelee gelee.
1990 chya dashakat, "21 vya shatkatil kaushalye" chalvali aanee "21 vya shatkatil kaushalyansathi bhagidari" yanchya aagamanane kaushalya-aadharit shikshanat punarujjivan jhaale. 2012 madhye rashtriy akadamichya rashtriy sanshodhan parishadene 'jeevan aanee kamasathi shikshanah 21 vya shatkat hastantaraniy dnyan aanee kaushalya vikasit karane' haah ahwal jaaree keela, joou sakhol shikshanavaril ahwal yaa samasyeche punarujjivan aanee aajparyantchya tyachya parinamanvaril sanshodhan puravyancha saransh aahe.
kaushalye aanee kaushalye.
kamgar arthshastradnyanchya matey, 1970 pasoon, tantradnyan aanee jagatikikaranamule aalelya aarthik badalanmule, niyoktyanchya dainandin, punaravrutti kaushalya asalelya kamgaranchya maganya-mug tee hatane asso kinwa sandnyanatmak-zapatyane qamee jhalya aahet, tarr guntaguntichya vichar aanee sanvad kaushalyansarkhya sakhol shikshan kshamata asalelyanchi magani vadhali aahe.
casal aanee collustad yanchya sanshodhanat asey aadhalun aale qee 2000 salaparyant tumhala sarvoch kaushalye havee hotee.ess. fortune 500 kampanya paramparik vachan, lekhan aanee ankganitatun sanghik karya, samasya nirakaran aanee aantarvaiyaktik kaushalyankade valalya hotya.
2006 saalee sumare 400 niyoktyanchya parishad mandalachya sarvekshanat asey disun aale qee, karyabalat navyane pravesh karnanyansathi sakhol shikshan kshamata sarvat mahattvachi hotee. aavashyak kshamatanmadhye tondi aanee lekhee sanvad aanee gambhir vichar/samasya nirakaran yancha samavesh hota. parishad mandalache nishkarsh asey soochit karatat qee "serve shaikshanik staranvaril upayojit kaushalye vachan aaklan aanee ganeet yasarkhya moolbhut dnyan aanee kaushalyanpeksha jaast aahet... konatyahi naveen kamgar vargachya nokri karnyachya kshamatesathi 'teen rupaye' ajunahi moolbhut aahet, parantu niyokte yavar jore detat qee sanghik karya/sahkarya aanee gambhir vichar yasarkhi upayojit kaushalye kamachya yashasathi 'khoop mahatvachi' aahet."
2002 madhye rashtriy vyavsayik samuday, shaikshanik nete aanee dhorankartyanchya yuteene 21 vya shatkatil kaushalyansathi (aata 21 vya shatkatil shikshanasathi bhagidari kinwa pii 21) eka naa-napha sanstha mhanoon bhagidarichi sthapana kelee. pii21 chey uddisht "serve vidyarthyansathi 21 vya shatkatil kaushalyanche mahatva" aanee "21 vya shatkatil sajjatela keey-12 shikshanachya kendrasthani thevane" yaa vishayavar rashtriy sambhashanala chalana dene heey aahe. chaar see. ess. drushtikon shikanyachya vatavaranat kassa samakalit karava yacha shodh ghenare ahwal sansthene jaaree kele aahet. tyanchya sanshodhan aanee prakashananmadhye sakhol shikshan kshamata aanee kaushalye olakhane samavisht hote, jyala tyanni 21 vya shatkatil shikshanache chaar see. ess. (sahkarya, sanvad, gambhir vichar, sarjansheelata) mhatale. american management association (aii. emm. aii.) 2012 saalee kelelya sarvekshanat, adhikanyanna vyavasayatil badalachya vegwan gatine julavun ghenyasathi aanee jaagtik staravar spardha karnyasathi atyant kushal karmchanyanchi garaj bhasali. sarvekshanane yaa karmchanyansathi aavashyak asaleli pramukh teen kaushalye mhanoon 'chaar see. ess.' (gambhir vichar, sanvad aanee sahkarya) paiki teen olakhali.
"2010 madhye william andd flora havelet foundation shaikshanik parinamancha sanch nirdisht karoon 'sakhol shikshan' chey varnan kele hoteh
shikshanik sudharana.
sakhol shikshan ghenanya vyavsayikanni anek nirdeshatmak sudharana paddhati vikasit kelya aahet aanee varg, shaala aanee jilhyache vividh namune tayar kele aahet. hardward shikshan abhyasak jaal mehata aanee saara yanchya matey, majkooravar bhakkam prabhutva midvanyavar bharr detana, prashikshak vidyarthyanna "moolbhut aaklan aanee algoridmik prakriyanchya palikade jaanyas aanee paramparik shikshan vargikaran-vishleshan, sanshleshan aanee nirmitichya shirshasthani asalelya kaushalyanmadhye guntalele rahnyas sangatat". "vidyarthyanna aata manoranjak aanee maulyavan kaam karanyachi kshamata asalele sakriy arthanirmate manale jaate... vyavsayik karyat sarvottamaritya samavisht asalelya guntaguntichya aavhananna samore jaanyat vidyarthyanna madat karnyaitke vidyarthyanna kalpanik bhavishyasathi tayar karane haah shalecha uddesh nahee."
rashtriy sanshodhan parishadene aaplya 2012 chya ahavalat 'jeevan aanee kamasathi shikshan' madhye sakhol shikshan vikasit karnyasathi pudhil sanshodhan-aadharit paddhati olakhalyah
21 vya shatkatil shikshanachya 4 see chaukatisathichya bhagidarichya vikasashi aanee sakhol shikshanasathi havelet modelmadhye olakhalya gelelya kshamatanshi shikavanyachya paddhatincha sambandh asalyache dakhavnare 'sarvottam paddhati' purave sakhol parikshan, nirdeshatmak dhorane aanee sadhananchya babatit 'kaay karya karate' yache eka tikshna chitra dete. udaharanarth, marzano prayogshalene sahkarya vikasit karnyasathi sahkari shikshanache uchch parinam, gambhir vicharanna chalana denyasathi graphik aayojak, sanvad tikshna karnyasathi abhipray, pii. bii. ell. madheel pravesh kriyakalap samruddha karnyasathi aagau aayojak ityadinchi olakh patavali aahe. drushya shikshanache johnn hatty yanche meta-vishleshan aanakhi vishisht aahe. metacognition, pratibimb, vidyarthyancha abhipray, sarjansheelata, chaukashi aanee adhik protsahan denari dhorane, jyaa shikavanyachya prakarala samarthan detat, jyamule sarvat jaast jagruk, sakhol shikshan samruddha hote. yavyatirikt, vyakhyane, karyapatrake, atee varanvar chachani aanee itar asha prushthbhagavaril shikshan dhorane sadhya karnyasathi kinwa sakhol shikshanasathi kashee farshi madat karat naheet yacha tapasheel tyanchya abhyasat aahe. tarun vidyarthyansathi, balpanatil sarjanshilatechya kendrane vargatil sarjansheel vicharanchi shaktishali bhoomika olakhali aahe.
shaikshanik yashala chalana denyasathi sakhol shikshan parinamanchya bhovati aayojit shikshanachya thet prabhavache samarthan karnare purave aajtagayat majboot nasale taree teey nirman hott aahe. pii21 heey yavar upay karnyasathi connecticut vidyapithat prayatnanche netrutva karat aahe. 2008 salapasoon californiachya satshe vidyarthyanchya abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee sakhol shikshan kshamata vikasit karnyasathi tayar kelelya ganitachya nirdeshanchya samparkat aalelya vidyarthyanni adhik paramparik paddhatindware shikavalelya samvayaskanpeksha lakshaniy kamgiri kelee.
shalanche jaale.
deshbharatil anek shaikshanik sudharana shalanche jaale sakhol shikshan kshamata vikasit karnyavar laksh kendrit karate. sakhol shikshanasathi shaikshanik parinamansathi vachanbaddha asatana, heey jaale, tathapi, tyanchya nirdeshatmak pratimanmadhye aanee shalechya rachanechya drushtikonat bhinn aahet. ullekhaneey jaalyanmadhye ashiya society international studies school network, advision school aanee kalpana shikshan yancha samavesh aahe.
rajya aanee sanghiy kayadyanni ladalelya maryadanmule, sarvajanik shaley jilhyanna tyanchya shalanmadhye sakhol shikshan parat aananyasathi sarvat mothee aavhane aahet. 21 vya shatkatil shikshanasathichi bhagidari (serve mulansathi sakhol shikshan anubhav aananyasathi eka moolbhut ghatak mhanoon 21 vya shatkatil kaushalyanchya samaveshavar avalambun asalelya aadarsh shalanchi olakh patvane suru kele. yapaiki kahee aadarsh shaala sudharana jaalyanmadhun yetat, parantu anek shaala aanee jilhe asha aahet jyanni sakhol shikshan soochana aanee parinamanna tyanche dhyey mhanoon lakshya kele aahe parantu paise, jansampark aanee charter shalanna dilelya anupalanatil labhanshivay.
hii kalpana aanakhi pudhe nenyasathi, pii21 neey "21 vya shatkatil kaushalye aanee sakhol shikshan parinamanmadhil thipke jodanyasathi" eka blogg tayar kele. blogg lekh heey pramukh shaikshanik lekhakanni, jeey sakhol shikshanakade aadarsh badalache samarthan karatat tasech shaley nete, shikshak, vyavsayik shikshan tadnya aanee itar jeey tyanchya abhyaskram, soochana, moolyankan aanee pranali badal yojnanmadhye sakhol shikshan paddhatincha samavesh karat aahet, tyanchya samatoladvare, nihsvarthapane lihile aahet. tyachya dusya varshat, shulk naan bharata online pii21 blogzeencha teen vela saptahik online jarnalmadhye vistar jhaala.
adhikadhik shaala, visheshtah sarvajanik shaala, sakhol shikshan ektrit karanyachi yojana aakhu lagalya, tevha pii 21 shhee sanlagn asalelya eleanoychya vakilanchya eka gatane 21 vya shatkatil sarvottam adhyapan paddhatinna varganmadhye mojanyasathi sahayya shodhale. america aanee paradeshatil aadhich yashasvi udaharane prakalp aadharit shikshanachya aavrutyanvar (samasya-aadharit, chaukashi-aadharit, utpadan-nirmiti, prakalp-aadharit) avalambun hotee; parinamkaraktet khoop farak hota. anek strotankadun aalelya pratimancha aadhava ghetalyanantar, 21vya shatkatil shalansathichya eleanoychya sanghatnene nishchit kele qee shaala kinwa pranalinmadhye pranaligat ektrikaranasathi ekahi purese nahee. svayamsevak, dirghkal anubhavi vyavsayik vikasak, varg shikshak, prashasak aanee shaala badal tadnyancha banalela sangh, heey serve 'sarvajanik' shaley sudharanancha anubhav asalele, sarvat prabhavi pii. bii. ell. modelsche rupantar aanee punarrachana karatat aanee pii. bii. ell. chaa eka naveen shaley-vyapi drushtikon tayar karatat jyamadhye bhagidari, tantradnyan, pratibimb aanee 5 vya see, sanskrutik pratisadadvare samarthan kelyapramane 4 see. chey spasht nirdesh aanee moolyankan samavisht aahe. heey ghatak pii. bii. ell. rachana chakrat ektrit kele gele, jyala mindquest 21 mhanatat. sarjansheel rachana hii gambhir vicharansah santulit hotee jenekarun shikshakanna manakanchya sankuchit chaukatila aavhan deta yeil, jyane sarjansheel see kadey durlaksh kele.
mindquest 21 drushtikon heey eka vegale udaharan navhate. pii21 udaharan olakh karyakramane darshavilyapramane, adhikadhik shaala, byavachada ektyane kaam karat, kadhikadhi jilhyatil itar shalanshi mell ghaloon, aine. see. ell. bii. ricaul chachanyandvare prerit kelelya prushthbhagavaril shikshanapasun udhyojak prashasak aanee shikshakanni uttejit kelelya sakhol shikshanakade shikanyache pratiman badalat hotya. ashach prakare, aine. see. ell. bii. chya shikshechya dhamkyanna virodh karoo shakananya sarjansheel shikshakannihi tech kele.
moolyankan.
sadhyachya yuu madhye vaparlya jaanarya bahutansh chachanya.ess. shaley pranali pramukhyane aashay dnyanachya praptivar laksh kendrit karate aanee pramukhyane nimn-stariy dnyan aanee kahee moolbhut kaushalye mojat, bahu-nivadak vastunvar mothya pramanat avalambun asate. rand corporation kelelya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale aahe qee, abhyas kelelya 17 rajyanmadhye, 2 takkyanhun qamee ganitachya vastoo aanee rajya parikshanmadhil keval 20 takke ingraji bhasha qalaa (eae. ell. aii.) vidyarthyanna tyanchya kalpananche vishleshan, sanshleshan, tulana, teeka, tapas, siddha kinwa spashtikaran karnyas sangatat.
tathapi, pudhil pidhichi moolyankan sadhane vikasit karnyasathi, mahavidhyalay aanee karkirdisathi sajjtechya mulyankanasathichi bhagidari (pii. aii. see. see.) aanee smarter balanced assessment consortium (ess. bii. aii. see.) yaa done sangharajya anudanit bahu-rajya moolyankan samoohanchi sthapana karnyat aalee, jeey 2014-15 madhye suru kele jaanar hote. yuu. see. ell. aii. chya crestney kelelya sanshodhanat dnyanachya pramananusar mojalya jaananya uchch-shrenichya kaushalyanchya pramanat lakshaniy vaadh disun aalee. rajyanchya navonmesh prayogshaleche jaale (aay. ell. aine.), mukhya rajya shaley adhikadhyanchya parishadedvare samanvayit, aanakhi bauddhikdrushtya mahatvakankshi moolyankan tayar karnyasathi aanee tainat karnyasathi dhorane vikasit karnyasathi daha rajyancha eka lahan, anaupacharik samooh aayojit karate. sahbhagi rajyanni vikasit kelelya kamgirichya mulyankanat asha kamancha samavesh hoto jyat vidyarthyanna dnyanache vishleshan, teeka, moolyankan aanee amalbajavani karane aavashyak asate. naveen chachanyancha uddesh vidyarthyanna adhik guntaguntichya marganni dnyan prapt karnyat aanee tyacha vapar karnyat madat karnyachya uddeshane shikshanala protsahan dene haah dekhil aahe.
september 2014 madhye, american institute phaur researchne paramparik aanee sakhol shikshan shalanchya teen varshanchya, ardh-prayogik tulanevar eka ahwal prasiddha keela. sanshodhanachya nishkarshanni pudhil sudharit vidyarthyanche parinam darshavileh sakhol shikshan jaalyachya shalanmadhye upasthit asalelya vidyarthyanna sakhol shikshanat guntanyachya adhik sandhincha fayda jhaala aanee tyanni uchch patalichi shaikshanik sanlagnata, shikanyachi prerana, swayam-parinamkarakta aanee sahkarya kaushalye nondavali; vidyarthyanchi parshvabhoomi vicharat naan gheta vidyarthyanche rajya pramanit moolyankan guna uchch hote; vidyarthyanni moolbhut samagri dnyan aanee jatil samasya-nirakaran kaushalyanchya upayayojananvar shalansathi peesa-aadharit parikshet adhik guna midavale; vidyarthi sankhyikiyadrushtya lakshaniy uchch darane (9 takke) velevar padvidhar jhaale; aanee padvinantar vidyarthi chaar varshanchya mahavidhyalayanmadhye jaanyachi aanee adhik nivadak sansthanmadhye pravesh ghenyachi shakyata jaast hotee.