
uchchar

bolalya jaananya bhashechya vishleshanat, uchchar haah eka satatcha bhashan asato, jyachi suruvat aanee shevat anekada spasht viramane hoto. maukhik bhashanchya babatit, tee samanyatah, parantu nehmich nahee, shantata dware maryadit asate. uchchar likhit bhashet astitvat naheet; keval tyanchi pratinidhye astitvat aahet. tyanche pratinidhitva aanee varnan lekhee bhashet anek prakare kele jaau shakate.
maukhik/bolalya jaananya bhashet, uchcharanmadhye bhashechi anek vaishishtye asatat, jase qee bhashavadachi vaishishtye, jee chehnyavaril havbhav, havbhav aanee mudra yasarkhya bhashanache pailu aahet. gadyatmak vaishishtyanmadhye tanav, swar aanee aavajacha swar, tasech lambvartul, jeey shabd shrote bolalya jaananya bhashet antar bharnyasathi ghalate, yancha samavesh hoto. shivay, bolalya jaananya bhashanmadhye aadhalanaya uchcharanche itar pailu mhanje askhalit vaishishtye aahet jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh aavaj/aavaj nasalele viram (mhanje.eae. "umm"), tagg prashna, aanee khotee suruvat, kinwa jevha konee swatahla durust karnyasathi punha bolu lagate. itar vaishishtyanmadhye bharane samavisht aahet (i.eae. "aanee samagri"), uchchar/bolibhasha, abhimani abhivyakti ("tithe!" yasarkhya uchchar!"jeey samajoon ghenyasathi adhik spashtikaran aavashyak aahe), sope sanyog (" "aanee", "pann", ii.), aanee bolki shabdasangrah (dainandin anaupacharik shabd).
sudharit bolalya jaananya bhashetil uchcharanchya ulat, lekhee swarupat chitrit kelelya uchcharanche niyojan kele jaate. likhit bhashet asha prakarchya bhasheche chitran karnyasathi framework vaparale jaatat. bhashanachi rachana (jee bolalya jaananya bhashetahi aadhalate) mhanje sambhashan kase aayojit kele jaate, jyamadhye sanlagn jodya-eka uchchar aanee tyaa uchcharala uttar-vaparale jaate. sambhashan ("pratham", "dusare", ii.) aayojit karnyasathi pravachan chinhakancha vapar keela jaato.). lexis mhanje majkurat kinwa bolanyat vaparale jaanare shabd soochit karatat; heey shabd shabdarth kshetra tayar karoo shakatat. udaharanarth, prem, prashansa aanee kalji yasarkhya shabdik nivadidvare premache shabdarth kshetra tayar kele jaau shakate.
vaishishtye/vaishishtye.
lipit aadhalanaya uchcharat bolalya jaananya kinwa lekhee bhashet aadhalanaya uchcharat anek vaishishtye asatat. yamadhye bhashavadachya vaishishtyancha samavesh aahe, jeey sanvadache prakar aahet, jyat shabdancha samavesh nasato, parantu arth denyasathi uchcharbhovati jodale jaatat. bhashavirodhi vaishishtyanchya udaharananmadhye chehnyavaril havbhav, hasya, dolhyancha sampark aanee havbhav yancha samavesh hoto. swarsambandhi vaishishtye mhanje aekhadyachya aavajacha aavaj jevha teey bolatatah swar, swar aanee taana. lambvartul ektar lekhee kinwa bolalya jaananya bhashet vaparale jaau shakate; udaharanarth, jevha uchchar vyakt keela jaato aanee vakta shabd vagalato kaaran teey aadhich paristhitit samajale aahet. udaharanarth aha rus? bah kripaya. aha kholiche tapman? bah thandi.
uchchar tayar kartana gair-pravah vaishishtye dekhil udbhavtat. jevha lock sambhashanadarmyan kaay bolave yacha vichar karatat, tevha bhashanat truti aanee sudharana asatat. udaharanarth, aavaj/aavaj nasalele viram jeey "umm", "erm" ii. aahet. aavaji viramanmadhye aanee dhvanimudrananmadhye avjad viram () mhanoon darshavile jaatat.) kinwa (1) viram kitee kaal lagato tyachyashi sambandhit. tagche prashna heey dekhil aprachalit vaishishtyancha eka bhag aahet; shrotyala vakta kaay mhanat aahe heey samajate qaa heey tapasanyasathi vaktyadvare heey vaparale jaatat. eka udaharan aahe, "mallah kaay mhanayache aahe heey tumhala maheet aahe qaa?"jevha vakta uchchar karat asato, parantu sahasa swatahla durust karnyasathi too thambato aanee punha suru karato, tevha chukichi chetavani dilee jaate.
bharav karnare sahasa vaktyala tyanche uchchar chaloo thevanyasathi tyanche vichar vichar karnyasathi aanee gola karnyasathi vel detat; yamadhye 'sarkhe' aanee 'sahitya' yasarkhya shabdancha samavesh hoto, uchchar/boolii hii dekhil shabdanmadhye samavisht keleli eka vaishishtye aahet jee shabdanchi dhwani, uchchar aanee jagachya vividh bhaganmadhye vaparlya jaanarya vividh prakarchya shabdancha samavesh aahe. decutic expression' hii ashee abhivyakti aahe, jyasathi samajoon ghenyasathi adhik spashtikaran aavashyak aahe, jaseh 'vaah! tithe bagha!"bhashanatil sadhe sanyog mhanje" aanee "," pann ", ityadi itar shabdanna jodanare shabd". bolki bhashanacha shabdasangrah haah eka prakarcha anaupacharik bhashan aahe jyamadhye uchchar sahasa adhik aaramshir asato.
baal nirdeshit bhashan.
mulanmadhye bolanyacha vikas palak, praudh kinwa mulane vadhavalele itar konatehi palak sulabh karatat. abhyasanni asey soochit kele aahe qee yaa vikasavar palak, praudh kinwa palakanchya samajik-aarthik sthiticha (ess. eae. ess.) parinam hoto. heey dakhavun denyat aale aahe qee jyaa mulanchya palakanni adhik shikshan ghetale aanee uchch cess aahet, tyanchi mule mothya shabdasangrahat asatat aanee balpanatach naveen shabd adhik vegane shikatat, tarr qamee sushikshit palak aanee qamee cess asalelya mulancha shabdasangrah qamee asato aanee tyanchya shabdasangrah kaushalyanmadhye mand vaadh hote (arega, fenson, cronan aanee pethic, 1998; haart andd risley, 1995; hoff, lorson aanee tardiff, 2002; hoff-ginsberg, 1991; laurence andd shipley, 1996; ninio, 1980). haah parasparsambandh yaa vastusthitimule aahe qee, qamee shikalelya palakanpeksha (haart andd risley, 1995; hoff, 2003 aaa; huttonlocher, vasilieva, dhabdhaba, vevia aanee hages, vruttapatranmadhye) adhik sushikshit palak tyanchya mulanshi bolatana adhik lexises vapartat. hoffchya 2003 chya vishleshanane yaa parasparsambandhache samarthan kele aahe aanee asey darshavile aahe qee tyanchya mulanshi bolananya matanchya uchchar aanee shabdasangrahanchi sarasari lambi tyanchya cess sthitishi aanee asha prakare baal shabdasangrah vikasashi sambandhit aahe. udaharanarth, uchchabhru maata tyanchya mulanshi bolatana lamb uchchar aanee vividh prakarche shabd vapartat. yaa maata tyanchya mulanshi bolanyatahi jaast vel ghalavatat tarr lahan mulanchya maata lahan uchchar aanee lahan shabdasangrah vapartat. parinami, adhik sushikshit palak asalelya mulanmadhye mothya shabdasangrah asatat (hoff, 2003).
baal-nirdeshit bhashanat, uchcharanchi anek atirikt vaishishtye asatat. udaharanarth, baal-nirdeshit bhashanatil dhvanyatmakata vegali aaheh uchchar adhik haloo bolalya jaatat, uchchar, uchch swar ii. darmyan dirgh viram asato. shabdalekhan aanee shabdarthshastra vegale aahet aanee udaharanarth, vakta mulansathi yogya asalele shabd, udaharanarth, 'kutra' aivaji 'kutra' vaparato. vyakaran sope, punaravruttishil aahe, jyamadhye kriyapad aanee visheshanancha qamee vapar hoto. eka shabdachya uchcharancha vapar jaast hoto aanee vyavharikta vistar aanee punarnirdharan yasarkhi sahayyak bhasha vaparte.
grissian maxims.
paul griss (1989) yanni samoohik sambhashanasathi aavashyak asalelya chaar siddhantancha vichar keela jyamadhye uchchar samajoon ghetale jaatatah
bakhtinacha uchchar siddhant.
tatvadnyani mikhail bakhtin yanchya matey, chaar sweekrut gunadharm aahet jeey uchcharanmadhye asavetah
bakhtin asehi sangato qee uchchar aanee vakya hii eksarkhi gosht nahee. bakhtinchya matey, vakye bhashanacha vishay badalalyache soochit karat naheet aanee tyamule uchcharanchya chaar gunadharmanpaiki eka aapoaap purn hott nahee. tyanchya matey, bhasheche ekak mhanoon vakya vyakaranatmak swarupache aahe, tarr uchchar "naitik" aahe.