anuprastha gatee vitaran

uchch urja kann bhautikshastrat, visheshtah hadron-beam vikhurnyachya prayoganmadhye, anuprastha gatee vitaran (tii. emm. dii.) heey hadronchya kwark kinwa gluon momentche vitaran aahe jeey beam aanee hadronmadheel gatee hastantaranala lumb asatat. visheshtah, heey hadronchya aat aadvya gatisah aanee rekhansh gatee anshasah eka parton shodhanyasathi sambhavyata vitaran aahet. tii. emm. dii. heey hadronchya aat kwark aanee gluonchya maryadit gatichi mahitee pradan karatat aanee parton vitaran karye (pii. dii. eff. ess.) aanee samanyikrut parton vitarnandvare (jee. pii. dii. ess.) pradan kelelya hadron sanrachanevaril mahitila purak tharatat.
ekoon, tii. emm. dii. aanee pii. dii. eff. heey kwarkchya (kinwa gluon) gatee vitaranachi (anukrame aadvya aanee anudairdhya) mahitee aanee jee. pii. dii., tyanchya sthanik vitaranachi mahitee pradan karatat.
varnan, arth aanee upayuktata.
tii. emm. dii. heey parton vitaran karye (pii. dii. eff. ess.) aanee sanrachana karye yaa sankalpanecha vistar aahe jeey khol asthir vikhuran (dii. ess.) madhye mojale jaatat. kahee tii. emm. dii. heey pii. dii. eff. darshavit asalelya aanee dis structure functionsna janm janm sambhavyatevar avalambun asatat, mhanje unpolarised structure functionsasathi kwark momentum sambhavyata vitaran aanee polarized structure functionsasathi kwark spin sambhavyata vitaran. yethe, partandware vahoon nenyat nenyat hadron rekhansh gaticha ansh darshavito aanee anant urja-gatee maryadet borken scaling chalasah olakhato. serve mulyanvar daad aanee pii. dii. eff. chee berries kelee jaate aanee mhanoon sambhavyatevar avalambun rahane ektrit kele jaate. tii. emm. dii. tyanchya-avalambitvasah, eksandh nasalelya sambhavyatechi mahitee detat. itar tii. emm. dii. astitvat aahet jeey aanee shhee thet jodalele naheet. ekoon 16 prabhavi (mhanje aaghadiche-valane) swatantra tii. emm. dii. aahet, kwarksathi 8 aanee gluonsathi 8. 
tii. emm. dii. visheshtah, mool hadronmadheel partonchi anuprastha gatee aanee tyanchi firki kinwa hadron firki yanchyatil parasparsambandhambaddal sanvedanshil asatat. tyaa badalyat, parasparsambandh heey 'momentum space' madhye anuprastha pratalatil partonchya gatishilatemadhye pravesh pradan karatat. asha prakare, tii. emm. dii. tulanatmak aahet aanee samanyikrut parton vitarananshi (jee. pii. dii.) thet purak aahet jeey "sthitee jaaget" aadvya pratalatil parton dynamicsche varnan karatat. aupcharikpane, tii. emm. dii. parton aurbital angular momentum (ome) aanee hadron/parton spin yanchyatil parasparsambandhanmadhye pravesh karatat kaaran tyanna nonziro omsah wave function ghatakanchi aavashyakta asate. mhanoon, tii. emm. dii. aaplyala hadronchya purn trimiteey gatishilatecha abhyas karnyas anumati detat, jeey paramparik pii. dii. eff. peksha adhik tapshilvar mahitee pradan karatat.
tii. emm. dii. ess. chya mahattvanche eka udaharan mhanje teey kwark aanee gluon ombaddal mahitee pradan karatat. teey niyamit diskmadhye thet upalabdh nasatat, parantu nucleanche firkiche praman samajoon ghenyasathi aanee nuclean firkiche sankat sodavanyasathi mahattvapoorn asatat. kharey tarr, jaali kyu. see. dii. ganana soochit karate qee nuclean firkimadhye kwark ome heey pramukh yogdan aahe.
gluon tii. emm. dii.
kwark tii. emm. dii. pramanech, gluon tii. emm. dii. gluonic aurbital angular momentammadhye pravesh karnyas anumati detat, jeey nucleon spinmadhye aanakhi eka sambhavya mahattvache yogdan aahe. jyapramane kwarksathi aath tii. emm. dii. aahet, tyachpramane aath gluon tii. emm. dii. aahet. 
gluon tii. emm. dii. pratham 2001 madhye prastavit karnyat aale hote.
tii. emm. dii. chee udaharane.
vareel teen tii. emm. dii. vyatirikt, jeey dii. ess. pii. dii. eff. chey thet vistar aahet, itar paach kwark tii. emm. dii. aahet jeey keval dii. ess. pii. eff. chya parimanavarach navhe tarr tyachya dishene dekhil avalambun asatat. tyamule heey tii. emm. dii. jarr fakt ektrit kele tarr nahise hotat aanee thet dii. ess. pii. dii. eff. shhee jodale jaat naheet. tyaa pudhilpramane aaheth 
mojmap.
qamee antarachya nuclean sanrachanechi aapali prarambhik samaj sakhol asthir vikhuralelya (dis) prayoganmadhun aalee aahe. heey varnan moolatah eka-aayami aaheh dis aaplyala ekal chull x chya sandarbhat parton gatee vitaran pradan karate, jyacha arth anant gatee maryadet (bjorcken maryada) aaghatit partandware vahoon nenyat aalelya nuclean gaticha apurnank mhanoon keela jaato. mhanoon, dismadhun aapan fakt partonchya sapeksh anudairdhya gatee vitaranabaddal shikato, i.eae. nucleanchya aat tyanchya anudairdhya halchali.
tii. emm. dii. chey mapan yaa eka-aayami chitrachya palikade jaanyas anumati dete. yacha arth assa qee tii. emm. dii. mojanyasathi, aaplyala vikhurnyachya prakriyetoon adhik mahitee gola karane aavashyak aahe. yaa prakarat, keval vikhurlele lepton aadhalale jaate tarr vikhuralelya kendrakache avashesh durlakshit kele jaatat (sarvasamaveshak prayog). ardh-samaveshak dis (sidis), jethe uchch gatee (i.eae. leading) hadron vikhuralelya leptonchya vyatirikt aadhalato, jyamule aamhala vikhurnyachya prakriyechya kinematicsbaddal aavashyak atirikt tapasheel midavata yetat. sapadalelya hadroncha parinam haah fatka basalelya kwarkchya hadronisationmule jhaala. heey nantarche kendrakachya aat tyachya gatichi mahitee rakhoon thevate, jyat tyachya anuprastha gaticha samavesh aahe jyamule tii. emm. dii. madhye pravesh karata yeto. tyachya suruvatichya vyatirikt
hadronization prakriyedarmyan, marlelya kwarkla antargat anuprastha gatee dekhil milate. parinami, rachana pravesh karate 
sidis cross-section kinwa asampramanta hii-dependent kwark density, tii. emm. dii. aanee-dependent fragmentation functionschi convolution aahet.
mhanoon, prayogik nikalanmadhun tii. emm. dii. kadhanyasathi vikhandan karyanche achook dnyan mahatvache aahe.
tii. emm. dii. madhye pravesh karnyasathi saidinvyatirikt itar pratikriyancha vapar keela jaau shakato, jase qee drail-yaan prakriya.
kwark tii. emm. dii. ess. mojamapache aadyapravartak heey hermes prayogadvare desimadhye kele gele. teey sadhya (2021) kampas prayogadvare aanee jefferson prayogshaletil anek prayogandware see. aar. aine. madhye mojale jaat aahet. kwark aanee gluon tii. dii. emm. mojmap haah bhavishyatil electron-aayan takkar vaidnyanik karyakramacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahe.

