jiong yaak-yong

jiong yaak-yong (5 august 1762-7 april 1836) kinwa chong yagyong, jyala anekada 'dasson' mhanoon olakhale jaate (<unk> Ã Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â teey nantarchya josan kalatil mahan vicharvantanpaiki eka hote, tyanni tatvadnyan, vidnyan aanee sarkarchya siddhantambaddal atyant prabhavshali pustake lihili, mahattvapoorn prashasakeey padey bhushavali aanee kavee mhanoon tyanchi nond jhaali. too raja jiongjocha jawalcha vishvasoo hota aanee tyachi tatvik sthitee anekada sylhac shaleshi olakhali jaate aanee tyachya chintankade nava-confucian sankalpanancha shodh mhanoon adhik changle pahile jaate.
jiyongcha janm gyongi prantatil namyangju (tevha gwangju) yethe jhaala, jithe tyacha mrutyuhi jhaala. dakshinekadil gatachya sadasyatvamule aanee tyachya mothya bhavachya catholic shraddhemule tyane 1801 teey 1818 paryant dakshin geola prantatil gangjin countymadhye 18 varshe haddapar kele. corian catholic kahivela assa dawa karatat qee jiyongcha johnn baptist yaa navane baptisma jhaala hota, parantu yacha konatahi dastaivaj purava nahee.
jiong yaak-yong haah naju jiong kulatoon aala hota. janmachya velee tyala saujanyane (prathamik choja) gwynong (<unk> Â) hii padvi denyat aalee aanee nantar tyala meong (Â) aanee songbu (Â) Â) yaa saujanyanehi olakhale gele; tyachya qalaa navanmadhye saa-aam (Â), tagong (Â), taisu (Â), jahadon (Â), chiolmasanin (Â), dasson (Â), yoyudang (Â), tyachya gharache naav) hotee.
charitra.
kautumbik itihas.
dassonche vadil jiong jeey-wonn (edinberg, 1730-1792) hote. tyacha motha bhau yaak-heon (<unk>, 1751-1821) haah pahilya patnicha mulga hota, tarr jiong yaak-jong, yaak-jeon (<unk>, 1758-1816) aanee yaak-yong heey henam yoon kutumbatil tyanchya vadilanchi dusari patni, suk-inn (<unk>, 1730-1770) yanche putra hote. yaa yaa lagnapasoon eka mulgi hotee. nantar hota vivahatoon itar chaar mulee janmala aalya.
dasanchya vadilanchya kutumbache mool 1460 madhye raja sejochya netrutvakhali pratham sarkari padd padd jiong jaa-gup (edinberg, 1423-1487) pasoon hote. tyanantar aanakhi aath pidhyanni tyache udaharan anusaran kele. 1694 madhye jyaa dakshinekadil gatachi hii kutumbe hotee, tyaa gatane satta gamavalyamule, jiong see-yun (edinberg, 1646-1713) aanee tyacha dusra mulga doow-boqa (τ, 1666-1720) heey yaa gatache shevatche sadasya hote. see-yun 1699 madhye seulchya purvekadil mahiyon-rii yetheel eka gharat (aata namyangju mhanoon olakhale jaanare) nivrutt jhaale, jeey dasanche janmasthan asanar hote. tyacha motha mulga, doo-teey (<unk>) tethe rahat hota aanee too dasanacha thet purvaj hota. raja jiyongjochya karkirdit suru jhalelya thodya kalaparyant, jevha dasanchya vadilanchi jinju kauntiche dandadhikari mhanoon niyukti jhaali, tevha dakshinekadil lock adhikrut padanpasoon vagalale gele, shaktishali chey jeey-gongshi asalelya tyachya drudh sambandhanmule, jeey 1788 madhye tisare rajya nagarsevak mhanoon niyukt hoiparyant vadhale. 1762 madhye, tyachya vadilanni taaj rajkumar sadola fashi dilyane, rajane jiong jeey-jinkla qee tyane adhikrut jeevan sodoon dile aanee mahiyon-rii yetheel tyachya gharee paratala. tyach varshi janmalelya tyachya vadilanni dilele dasson heey gaui 'nong (' shetikade parat ') heey saujanyapurn naav yavarun spasht hote. parinami, dasson tyachya aata rikamya asalelya vadilankadun sakhol bauddhik prashikshan ghet motha jhaala.
dasanachya bauddhik swarsyacha srot tyach kulatil mahan vidwan udam jiong see-hahn (edinberg time johnn, 1625-1707) yanchya prabhavatoon shodhala jaau shakato, jeey jiong see-yoonla thodakyat shikavat hote aanee tevha teey dasanche purvaj jiong doow-teey tasech tyacha bhau doow-jeey (1675-1729) yanche mukhya shikshak hote. pudhil pidhitil sarvat mahattvapoorn vicharvantanpaiki eka tatvadnyani-vidwan seongho yee iqa hote aanee tyanni udamkade toge yee hwangcha assal varasdar mhanoon pahile. jiong doo-jeey yanni udamchi shikavan kutumbatil pudhil pidhyanparyant pohochavali aanee tyamule tee dasanachya vadilankade aanee swatah dasankade gelee.
tyachpramane, dasanchi aaee prasiddha dakshinekadil vidwan-kavee gosan yun seon-doow (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>, 1587-1671) yanchya kutumbatil hotee. chitrakar mhanoon tyachya kaushalyansathi prasiddha asalela yuncha panjoba gongje yun du-sioo (<unk>, 1668-1715) haah dasancha matecha panjoba hota. too aanee tyacha motha bhau seongho yee iqa aanee tyachya bhavanchya jawalche hote aanee sahaa abhijat pustakancha abhyas tasech togichya vicharanche punarujjivan karnyache shrey tyanna dile jaate.
prarambhik jeevan.
vayachya 6 vya varshi, dasanache vadil tyachya nirikshan shaktinni prabhavit jhaale. vayachya 9 vya varshi tyanni eka lahan kavita sangrah lihila hota. 1776 madhye, dasancha vivah pungson hong kulatil hong hwaboshi jhaala, joou eka shahee sachivachi mulgi hotee; tyach varshi too siol yethe gela, jithe raja jiyongjochya rajyarohanantar tyachya vadilanna curr mandalat niyukti midali. jevha too 15 varshancha hota, tevha dasanchi olakh tyachya vanshjanpaiki eka, yee gaa-hwan (lii-synce, 1742-1801) aanee tyacha mehuna yee seung-huun yanni seongho yee ikchya lekhanashi karoon dilee aanee too khoop prabhavit jhaala, tyane aapale jeevan ashach abhyasasathi samarpit karnyacha sankalp keela.
1783 madhye, dasanane chinsagwa (sahityik parwana pariksha) uttirn kelee, jyamule tyala sangkyunkavanmadhye pravesh miloo shakala.
1784 madhye rajala tyane tayar kelelya prashnanchya sanchachya dasanachya uttaranchya "vastunishthate" neey khoop prabhavit kele. raja aanee dasson yanchyatil vadhatya jawalchya sambandhanchi hii suruvat hotee. 1788 madhye chaae jeey-gongchya padonnatinantar, 1789 madhye dasanane "degwa" (uchch nagri seva pariksha) madhye avval sthan midavale aanee dakshin gatachya itar 5 sadasyansah shahee aadeshanchya karyalayat tyala padd denyat aale. yamule virodhi 'junya siddhant' gatachya sadasyanna bheeti vatali, jyanna lavkarach jaaniv jhaali qee dakshinekadil lock kitee prabhavit hott aahet, keval europemadhun chinala midalelya vyavharik shikshanamulech navhe tarr roman kaithalikvadadvare.
1784 madhye, 1777 pasoon pashchatya (european) shikshanabaddalchya pustakancha abhyas karnyasathi sabhanmadhye sahbhagi jhalelya yee bioke yaa vidvanane 1784 madhye prathamach dasnashi naveen dharmabaddal charcha kelee aanee tyala tyabaddal eka pustak dile. tyachi swatachi pratikriya kahihi asali taree, aanee tyala kadhihi baptisma midala yacha konatahi purava nahee, dasanche jawalche kutumb corian catholic samudayachya utpattimadhye kholvar guntalele hote. tyachya mothya bahiniche lagn koriyachya yee seung-hunshi jhaale hote, jyacha 1784 madhye bijingmadhye pahilyanda catholic mhanoon baptisma jhaala aanee jyane charchchya vadhichya suruvatichya varshanmadhye pramukh bhoomika bajavali. jiong jeey-wanchya mulanpaiki sarvat motha mulga, yaak-heon, yacha vivah yee bayokchya bahinishi jhaala hota. hota lagnatil aanakhi eka muleene nantar kukhyat resheem patrachya lekhak hwang saa-yongshi (1775-1801) lagn kele. dassoncha motha bhau, jiong yaak-jong (augustinus) haah pahilya catholic samudayacha neta hota aanee 1801 madhye, raja jiyongjochya achanak mrutyunantar, dakshinechya lokanviruddha, parantu visheshtah catholicanviruddh suru kelelya shuddhikaranachya pahilya balipaiki eka hota.
1789 madhye, pahilya baptismya baptismya eka aanee tyachya aaichya bajoone dasancha chulat bhau, yun jee-chung, beijingla gela hota aanee tyala pushti midali hotee. romne kaithalikanna purvajanche vidhee karnyas manai kelee hotee aanee aata beijingche portugij franciscan bishop alekzandar dii gauvia heey heey katekorpane lagoo karat hote. 1791 madhye jevha tyachya aaiche nidhan jhaale, tevha yoonane nehamiche confucian samarambh karnyas nakar deela; heey sarvajanik dnyan banale, tyachyavar apavitratecha aarop karnyat aala aanee tyala fashi denyat aalee. charchane pavitra parampara nakarlyamule ghabaroon, suruvatila sahanubhootishil asalele kahee corian, mage valale. jiong yaak-yong kadachit tyanpaiki eka asel.
shahee seva.
dasson yanna visheshtah nagri abhiyantrikimadhye rus hota. 1792 madhye, rajane, tyane tayar kelelya pantoon pulane prabhavit houn, tyala hwasong killyasathi (aadhunik suvan) bhintinchya bandhkamachi rachana aanee dekhrekh karnyas sangitale, jyaa rajwadyala vedhalelya hotya, jethe raja rahat hota, jevha tyane tyachya vadilansathi bandhalelya naveen thadgyala bhet dilee hotee. european, chiinii aanee japani strotanvar aadharit, dasanane aamulagra naveen tantre aanee sanrachana tayar kelya. 1794 madhye, anek padonnatinantar, rajane tyala giyongi prantat gupt doot mhanoon niyukt kele, bhrashtacharachya ahavalancha tapas keela.
1795 madhye, yuvraj sadochya 60 vya jayantinimitt, rajala tyachya vadilansathi naveen manad padvi tharvanyat madat karane heey dasanache sarvat mahattvache kaam hote. haah eka bharghos upkram hota, rajkumaranche samarthak jyala prayojakatv subfaction mhatale jaat asey tyache sadasya hote tarr tyache mukhya shatru tattva subfaction sadasya hote. dakshineche lock sadola khoop sanman denyachya rajachya ichcheche prabal samarthak hote aanee raja krutadnya hota. tathapi, dakshin pyongan prantatil gumeziong yetheel tapal thanyache adhikshak mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karoon, dasanla kahee kalasathi nyayalayapasun door pathvane tyanna vivekpurn vatale.
yethe, tyanni tethe kaam kaam kaithalikanna tyanchya shraddhecha tyag karnyas aanee visheshtah purvajanche sanskar karnyas pravrutt karnyasathi sarvatopari prayatna karoon catholickwad nakarlyacha spasht purava deela. jawaljawal nishchitach, kaithalikanni confucian vidhee nakarlyamulech too tyanchya virodhat jhaala hota. 1796 madhye tyala siol yethe parat aanale gele aanee tyala badhati denyat aalee, parantu tyachya anek shatrunni tyachyavar pashchimatya samarthak kaithalikanna pathimba dilyacha aarop karane suru thewale aanee tyane hwanghe prantatil goksan yethe county dandadhikari mhanoon padd swikaranyas pradhanya dile.
1799 madhye too tyachya kautumbik gharihi gela, parantu 1800 madhye rajane tyala seul yethe parat bolavale.
nirvasana.
nirvasana unhalyat raja jiongjocha achanak mrutyu jhaala. naveen raja, raja sunjo, ajunahi fakt 11 varshancha mulga hota aanee satta raja yongjochya vidhva, jyala anekada ranee dowagger kiim kinwa ranee jiongson mhanoon olakhale jaate, tichya haatee gelee. tiche kutumb sudharanavadi, anekada catholic, namin gatachya virodhi gatanche hote aanee jiyongjochya karkirdit tee shaktiheen hotee. tine kaithalikanvar hallah keela, jyanna deshdrohi aanee rajyache shatru mhanoon doshi tharavale gele. jiong yaak-yongcha motha bhau jiong yaak-jong haah catholic samudayacha pramukh hota aanee 1801 chya vasant rutumadhye yee seung-hunsah atak karoon fashi denyat aalelya pahilya lokanpaiki eka hota. tyacha motha mulga jiong cheol-sang yala eka mahinyanantar fashi denyat aalee.
jiong yaak-jongcha dhakata bhau mhanoon, jiong yaak-yongla kahee mahine janggi killyat nirvasit karnyat aale, jeey aata pohang aahe, chhalakhali chaukashinantar, catholic vishvasoo nasalyache aadhalun aale. tathapi, kele resheem patrachya ghatanene tyacha pudhil haddapar hone sunishchit keleh dassonchya eka dhakatya bahinishi vivah karoon tyane beijingchya bishapla eka patra lihile hote, jyat chhalancha tapshilvar tapasheel deela hota aanee josen sarkarla ulthavoon taknyasathi pashchimi rashtranna yuddhanauka aanee sainya pathvanyas sangoon corian corian dabav aananyas sangitale hote, jenekarun koria chinchya adheen asel, jithe catholic dharmala parvanagi hotee. yaa patrache vahak (tyachya shariravar gundallelya resheem rolvar lihilele) pakadale gele aanee tyateel samagreene catholicancha satat chhal sunishchit keela.
chhal tivra jhaala aanee jarr jiong yaak-yong aanee jiong yaak-jiyon heey catholic shraddhalu navhate heey spasht jhaale nasate, tarr tyanna fashi denyat aalee asatee. tyaeivaji tyanna ekatra haddapar karnyat aale, naju yethe marg vegale kele gele, jithun jiong yaak-jian hexando betavar gela, yaak-yong haah rasta gheuun gangjinla gela jithe tyane athara varshe haddapar kele. kele shevatchya divasant, saur dindarshiketil akaravya chandra mahinyachya mahinyachya divashi, 28 december roji, tyacha haddapar suru jhaala. tyaa divashi too dakshin geola prantatil gangjin yethe pohochala. navyane aalelya nirvasanakade paise qamee kinwa navhate aanee mitra navhate, tyala eka vidhva thevalelya, eka garib, randdown vihireet, tatbandi asalelya gangjinchya purv darvajyabaher, aashray midala aanee too 1805 paryant tethe rahila. tyane tyachya kholila 'sauije' (chaar (chaar kholeeh spasht vichar, gambhir swaroop, shant bolane, pramanik krutee) asey naav dile.
1805 paryant, patnichi patni asaleli ranee kiim maran pavali hotee aanee tarun raja vruddha jhaala hota aanee tyane kaithalikanvaril hinsachar sampavala hota. teenshe marle gele hote aanee urvarit anekanna haddapar karnyat aale hote kinwa vikhurale gele hote kinwa tyanni sarav karane bund kele hote. jiong yaak-yongla gangjin parisarat firayala mokalik hotee aanee tee vasant rutumadhye too tekadivar bechnion-saa mandiraparyant chadhala, jithe too navyane aalelya mandiracha prabhari asalelya aadaraniy haijang yaa bhikshula bhetala, joou swatahun sumare daha varshanni lahan hota. teey bolat hote aanee asey disate qee haijangla tyachya pahuna kona aahe heey tyachya jaanyanech samajale. tyaa ratri tyane tyala tyachyasobat rahnyas bhag padale aanee tyachyakadun 'aay ching' shikanyas sangitale. teey lavkarach jawalche sathidar banale.
tyach varshi nantar, hayjangne dasanla vihiritoon baher padnyas saksham kele aanee jawaljawal eka varsh too jawalchya gosong-saa mandiratil boun sanbang yaa lahan aashramamadhye rahila, jeey hayjangchya niyantranakhali hote. akheris, akheris vasant rutumadhye too tyachya aaichya durchya natevaikachya gharat, gangjin aanee tyachya upasagarachya dishene dishene tekadichya utaranvar rahnyas saksham jhaala. heey eka sadhe ghar hote, jyat chhappar hote, parantu nirvasitane tyachya vanvasachi urvarit daha varshe 1818 chya sharad rutuparyant tethech ghalavali. heey thikan aata 'dasson chodang' mhanoon olakhale jaate.gharachya magcha donger sthanik patalivar daa-saan (chaha-donger) mhanoon olakhala jaat asey aanee tech naav banale jyamule teey aaj sarvat jaast olakhale jaatat, dasson. yethe tyanni tyanchya jawalchya imaratit imaratit vidyarthyanna shikavale, eka jawalcha samuday tayar keela aanee tyanni lihile. tyanchya abhyasat tyanni eka hajarahun adhik pustakanche granthalay jamaa kele.
vanavasadarmyan tyanni 500 khand lihile asey mhatale jaate. yasathi patrata aavashyak aahe, kaaran eka 'karya' pramanit aakarache sumare 50 khand bharoo shakate, parantu tyanni nishchitpane mothya pramanat, sumare 14,000 prushthe lihili, pramukhyane confucian aadarshannusar deshavar yogya prakare rajya karnyasathi eka moolbhut sudharana karyakram spashtapane tharvanyasathi. vanvasachya kalat tyane pratham 1805 madhye 'chuyoxageon' lihitana 'badalachya pustakavar' (yee ching) laksh kendrit kele. 1809 madhye tyanni rajkaran, naitikta, arthvyavastha, naisargik vidnyan, aushadh aanee sangeet yavar lihile. haddaparatun paratalyanantar, dasson yanni tyanchi sarvat mahattvachi kaame prakashit keleeh nyayshastravar (1819); bhashashastravar 'eongakbi' (1819); mutsaddegirivar 'sadekoryesanbo' (1820); 'mongminsimso' varr shasson karnyachya kalevar aanee prashasanavar 'gyongsesiriyong' (1822).
1818 paryant dasson gangjinmadhye nirvasit rahila, jevha tyala sioljavalil tyachya kautumbik gharee paratanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee. tyanna sarkari sevet parat aananyachya prayatnanna gatbajichya rajkaranane adthala aanala. tyane tyache antim topananav mhanoon yoyudang vaparale, heey tyache kutumbache naav hote, jethe too 1836 madhye tyachya lagnachya sathavya vardhapandinanimitta marnyaparyant, hahn nadijaval shantpane rahat hota. tyachya swatachya 'epitaf' chya done aavrutya, 'jaachan myojimiyong' aanee tyachya panjoba jeong gyu-yongne lihilele kalkramanusar charitra 'saam seonseng yonbo' heey tyachya charitrasathiche mukhya srot aahet.
dasson aanee aanee shatkatil chahache punarujjivan.
jyong yaak-yong anek varshanpasun gangjinmadhye rahat hota, jevha wein. penganyon-sachee jababdari ghenyasathi haijang deheung-saa mandiratoon aala. tyaa varshant, agadi qamee paishansah eka garib dharamshalet kharch kelelya dasanachya aarogyas tyachya annache qamee poshan moolya hote. tyanna pachankriyechya dirghakalin samasya hotya. husson aanee haijang heey hayjangchya aagmananantar thodyach velat, tee chauthya mahinyachya mahinyachya divashi pahilyanda bhetale. kahee divasannich, dasanane haijangla eka kavita pathavun mandirachya varchya tekadivarun chahachi kahee paaney magavali; tee tee chauthya mahinyat, tyanchya bhetinantar lagechach nondavali gelee aahe.
yaa kavitetoon heey spasht hote qee, dasanla chahache aushadhi moolya aadhich maheet hote aanee teey soochit karate qee tyala pinyasathi paaney kashee tayar karayachi heey maheet hote. anekada assa dawa keela jaato qee dasson hayjangkadun chaha shikala parantu heey aanee tyanchyat aadanpradan jhalelya itar kavitanchya malikevarun asey soochit hote qee pratyakshat haijung aanee yaa pradeshatil itar bhikshu dasanpasoon eka prakarcha shijavalela chaha kassa banvaycha heey shikale.
yamule chahachya aagami prasarache mukhya mool tyala hoil. 1809 madhye, wein. tyach deheung-saa mandiratil choo-yuee gangjinmadhil dasanla bhet denyasathi aala aanee tyane tethe tyachyabarobar abhyas kartana anek mahine ghalavale. punha, choo-yuine pahilyanda dasankadoon chaha shikala aanee tyane keek kelela chaha tayar karanyachi tyachi atishay vishisht, tyaeivaji puratan paddhat sweekarli ashee shakyata jaast aahe. tyanantar too 'wein' hota. choo-uee, jyanni 1830 madhye siolchya bhetidarmyan, anek vidvananna tyancha chaha deela. tyapaiki, navyane sapadalelya peyala sajra karnyasathi kahee kavita lihilya aanee samayik kelya gelya, visheshtah gumriong buck yong-boow yanni lihileli 'dakshinekadil chahachi prastavna aanee kavita'.
yanantar, choo-uee visheshtah chusa kiim jiong-huichya jawal aala, joou 1740 chya dashakat jeju betavaril tyachya vanavasadarmyan chahachya bhetvastu gheuun tyala anek vela bhetala hota. dasanchya shijalela chaha banavanyachya paddhatibaddalache eka patra 1830 saalee astitvat aahe, jeey dasanane gangjinmadhil tyachya 18 varshanchya vanavasadarmyan shikavalelya sarvat tarun vidyarthi yee see-heon lii time (1803-1860) laa pathavale hoteh "nivadaleli paaney teen vela vafavoon tee teen vela valavane aavashyak aahe, tyapurvi tee khoop bareek vatoon ghya. pudhe teey khadkal khadkal panyat purnapane misalale pahije aanee chikanmatipramane ghatt pestmadhye misalale pahije jeey lahan kekmadhye aakar dile jaate. tarach pine changle."
vichar keela.
madhya joson rajvanshachya nava-confucian vicharanche sanshleshan karnyachya tyachya kamasathi jiong sarvat jaast prasiddha aahe. yaa prakriyet, tyanni kayada, rajkiy siddhant aanee corian confucian abhijat sahitya yasah vividh kshetranmadhye mothya pramanat lekhan kele. tyane confuciuschya mool vicharanshi thet sambandh asalelya corian confucian shishyavruttila parat karnyacha prayatna keela. tyanni yala abhijat 'susa' shikshanakade parat yene asey mhatale, joou confuciuschya matrubhoomitun matrubhoomitun done nadyancha sandarbh aahe.
jiyongne vividh kshetranvar anek pustake prakashit kelee, jyat tyanchi sarvat prasiddha '(daad mind auph governing daad pipal)' hii pustake samavisht aahet. tyaa kalat jaree tyanna daridryachya samasyebaddal tivra chinta vatat asali, taree jiyongne daridryachya muddyavar sakhol vichar keela aanee sarkari sarkari bhoomikebaddal prashna upasthit kele. garibeechee samasya sodavanyat sarkar aanee nokarshaha mahattvachi bhoomika bajavu shakatat aanee tyanni tee paar padali pahije, assa tyancha vishvas hota. rajyapalanni lokanche prashasana pramanikpane aanee nyayya paddhatine chalavanyachya mahattvavar dasson yanni bharr deela. tyanchya matey, lokanna madat aanee upkar pradan karnyasathi sarkar hii sattadhari sanstha hotee, tarr janata sarkarchya sahanubhooti aanee rajvaticha vishay hotee.
yaa kalpanechya sevet, jiyongne tyachya kalatil tattvadnyanvar, tyanchya swatachya fayadhyasathi, nirathak vyutpattishastriy vidvattemadhye sahbhagi jhalyabaddal aanee tatvik siddhantancha pathpurava kelyabaddal teeka kelee. sangeet, vidhee aanee kayada yasarkhya adhik mahattvachya babinvar shishyavruttiche punha laksh kendrit kele pahije assa yuktivad tyanni keela. haah keval eka bauddhik nasoon eka rajkiy dawa dekhil hotah tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee jyaa gwazio parikshandvare lock shahee sevesathi patra tharale aahet, tyaa sudharananni yaa chintanvar laksh kendrit kele pahije.
"tumhi" tatvadnyan.
jeong yaak-yongchya lekhanacha motha bhag tattvadnyanat samavisht aahe. rajya vyavasthapanacha aarakhada sadar karnare tyanche pramukh karya 'gyongse yupyo' (, 'uttam sarkarsathi rachana') heey mool shirshak 'bangany chobon' (deshachya sanskarancha masuda) hote, heey vastusthitivarun disun yete, jyong tyachya vicharanni tyache uddisht kaay sadhya karayache aahe yache pratinidhitva karnyasathi 'yuu' yaa sankalpanecha vyapak vapar karato. tyanni yaa sankalpanevar tyanchya changlya sarkarchya kalpanevar laksh kendrit kele aanee nantar tyanchya shastriy abhyas aanee naisargik vidnyananchya karyanmadhye vistar keela aanee shakhanmadhye vibhagale.
yadnya sanskarancha siddhant.
dasancha corian shailitil yadnya sanskarancha siddhant sadgunanche rajya aanee nitiman sarkar midvinyasathi tyachi samajik-rajkiy kalji darshavito. manvi anivaryata palanyachya dainandin paddhati karnyasathi lokanna prerit karane aanee josan rajvanshachya uttaradhatil paramparik samajache prabhavipane punarujjivan karane, jyacha aadhar tumchyavar hota (confucian aurder). mokminsimsio" madhye, dasson khalilpramane yadnya sanskaranvar laksh kendrit karnari vidhee prathechi sandnyanatmak prakriya tayar karate.
1) vidhibaddha vastuchi jaaniv sandnyanatmak prakriyet munn/hrudayachi vidhiyukt vastoochya dishene jaanunbujun halchal vadhavate.
2) munn aanee hrudayachi hetupurnata mhanje vidhee prakriyet aadar aanee shuddhikaran. pramanikpana (<unk>, ′) aanee gambhirya (Â, Â) yanchya madhyamatoon vidhee pratheche mahatva aahe. dharmachya sandnyanatmak vidnyanachya drushtikonatun, dasanacha siddhant sandnyanatmak prakriyet janivpurvak dharmanishthateshi sandnyanatmakatecha sambandh jodato aanee vidhee aacharanat jaanunbujun dharmanishthata aanee aadar/shuddhikaran yancha samavesh karato. dasanacha hetu saksharanchya atee dharmik paddhatinche niyaman karane aanee tyachya sandnyanatmak sutranusar lokpriy vaidh panthanvar (<unk>, Â) nirbandh ghalane haah hota. tyanchya drushtikonatun, confusionistchya vidhee sankalpana ayogya kinwa avyavharya hotya aanee lokpriy parvanadharak panth adharmi aanee atee utsahi hote. yaa samasyanche nirakaran karnyasathi, tyanni zee hsichya gambhiratechya sankalpanechi punarvyakhya kelee, tee mhanje vivekpurn shraddhechya sankalpanet janivpurvak pavitrata mhanoon abhisaranshil dharmanishtheche laksh kendrit karane. zee hsichya gambhiratechya sankalpanet madhyasthidvare zena bauddha shantatavad (ρ, ′) sarkhya apophatic goodhvadacha samavesh aahe, parantu dasanchi shraddhechi sankalpana chintanadware catafatic sakriyatekade valalelee aahe.
jameen sudharana.
sylhuck sudharkansathi bhusudharana haah eka mahattvacha muddah hota aanee dasson yanni yuu hyongwon yanchya bhusudharana prastavanvar vistarane bhashya kele. kendra sarkarchya malkiaivaji, dasanane "grameen jameen pranali" prastavit kelee, jyamadhye gaav aapali jameen samayik thewel aanee sampoorn jameen shetee karel, tarr jaminichi utpadane yogdan dilelya shramachya pramananusar vibhagali jaatil.
dasnavarchi drushye.
tokiyomadhil nishogakusha vidyapithache pradhyapak ogava haruhisa dasanane khoop prabhavit jhaale aaheth
beijingchya kinghua vidyapithatil pradhyapak peng lyne heey chiinii abhijat sahitya shikavatat aanee tyanna dasanachya vidhee abhyasat vishesh rus aahe. tyanni 1980 chya dashakat 'songigan' gwan journal auph east asean studies 'madhye' dasson 'vareel sanshodhan lekh prakashit keleh
canadatil british kolambiya vidyapithachya ashiya centermadhil pradhyapak donn bekar yanna sankraman kalat eka bauddhik mhanoon tyanchya bhoomikesathi dasanat rus aaheh
koriyamadhye konatyahi corian tatvadnyanachya asha staravar yapurvi kadhihi naan pahilelya jiong yaak-yongchya vicharanche punarujjivan aahe. agadi durchya bhootkalat, corian tattvadnyanachya astitvabaddalhi shanka aikoo yet hotee. 1945 madhye koriyachya muktatepasoon pashchatya tattvadnyan prachalit aahe aanee bahutek corian vidyapithanmadhil tatvadnyan vibhag pramukhyane european aadhunik tattvadnyan shikavatat. tyamule, dasanla khoop mahatva aahe kaaran too aadhunik pashchatya kalpanansathi utsahi houu shakala, parantu confucianism sakholatesathi too sakholpane vachanbaddha rahila. too ekhadya parampareche tyachya swatachya fayadhyasathi rakshan karat navhata, tarr suruvatichya chiinii kalatil maulyavan moolye rakhu ichchit hota kaaran tee manushya aanee samajacha paya hotee.

