baleka mabete

baleka mabete (janm 24 september 1949) yaa dakshin aafriketil rajkarani aahet, jyaa september 2008 teey meey 2009 yaa kalavadhit dakshin aafrikechya upadhyaksh hotya. tyaa 2004 teey 2008 aanee 2014 teey 2019 yaa salag done vela rashtriy sabhechya adhyaksha dekhil hotya. african rashtriy congresschya (aii. aine. see.) sadasya, tyaa 1994 madhye pahilyanda rashtriy vidhansabhevar nivadoon aalya aanee 2019 madhye tyanchya jagevarun payutar jhalya.
kwazulu-natalmadhye janmalele mabete heey prashikshanadvare shikshak aahet aanee suruvatila krishnabhavnamrut chalvalidware majee varnabhedavirodhi karyakarte aahet. 1976 teey 1990 darmyan, tee dakshin africabaher nirvasit asalelya aii. aine. see. sobat tainat hotee; yaa kalat, tee eka kavee aanee medu qalaa samoohachi pramukh mhanoon eka pramukh sanskrutik karyakartya dekhil hotee. dakshin aafriket paratalyanantar, varnabhed sampushtat aananyasathi jhalelya vataghatimadhye tine aii. aine. see. chey pratinidhitva kele aanee aii. aine. see. mahila leegchya punha prarambhat tee madhyavarti vyakti hotee, 1991 teey 1993 paryant tee yaa leegchi sarchitanis mhanoon kaam karat hotee.
1994 madhye rangbhedanantarchya pahilya nivadanukit embete rashtriy vidhansabhevar nivadoon aalya aanee 2009 teey 2014 paryantcha viram vagalata 2019 paryant tyanni aaplya jagevar kaam kele. 1996 madhye jevha tyaa upasabhapati mhanoon nivadoon aalya tevha sansthetun tyancha uday suru jhaala aanee rahilya lokshahi sansadedarmyan, jevha tyaa kartil adhyaksh mhanoon freen ginwala yanchya jaagi aalya, tevha tyaa chaloo rahilya. rahilya sansadechya shevatchya varshi, september 2008 madhye adhyaksh thabo mabeki yanchya rajinamyamule jhalelya ferbadladarmyan tyaa upadhyakshapadi chadhalya; mabekiche uttaradhikari, adhyaksh kalema motalanthe yanchya alpavadhichya karyakalat tyanni heey padd bhushavale.
2009 chya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar tyanni sansadet parat yenyas nakar deela asala taree meey 2014 madhye rashtriy sabheche adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya purvichya karyalayat mabete paratalya. 2019 chya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar tine punha aapali sansadiy jaaga sodali, jaree tee aii. aine. see. mahila leegmadhye sakriy rahili.
1976 pasoon aii. aine. see. chey sadasya asalelya mabete yanni jacob zuma yanchya adhyakshatedarmyan december 2007 teey december 2017 paryant pakshache rashtriy adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. 1994 teey 2022 yaa kalat tyaa aii. aine. see. chya rashtriy karyakari samitichya sadasya hotya.
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
mabetecha janm 24 september 1949 roji purvichya janm prantatil durban yetheel clermont yaa gavat eka hluby kutumbat jhaala. tine tichya balpanicha kahee kaal tichya aajisobat uttarekadil transwalmadhye ghalavala, jithe tee purv-shalet shikat hotee. 1958 madhye, tiche kutumb cape prantat sthalantarit jhaale jenekarun tiche vadil phorta sase vidyapithat granthapal mhanoon kaam karoo shaktil. dakshin aafrikechya communist pakshashi sanlagn asalyamule nantar tyanchi nokri gelee. tichi aaee paricharika hotee aanee tee kutumbatil dusari mulgi aanee sarvat mothee mulgi hotee. 
1968 madhye inanda seminarimadhun matrick purn kelyanantar, mabetne isho madheel isho prashikshan mahavidhyalayat aanee nantar-teela isho madhoon kadhoon taklyanantar-elismadhil lovedale yetheel shikshan mahavidhyalayat pravesh ghetala. 1973 madhye tyaa shikshika mhanoon patra tharalya aanee kwamashu yetheel eka madhyamik shalet shikavanyasathi tyaa durbanla paratalya.
varnabhedavirodhi sakriyata.
janmadatyat shikavtana, mabete krishnabhavnamrut chalvalit sahbhagi jhaale, jee tyaa velee varnabhedavirodhi sangharshat agraganya hotee. 1976 chya suruvatila, mabete aanee tichya bhawala tyanchya rajkiy sakriyatesathi tabyat ghenyat aale. sutka jhalyanantar, tee 10 april 1976 roji dakshin africa sodoon swazilandla gelee aanee nirvasit jhaali.
nirvasanah 1976-1990.
nirvasanat asatana, mabete varnabhedavirodhi african rashtriy congressmadhye (aii. aine. see.) sameel jhaale. 1977 madhye tee daar ess salam, tanzania yethe rahayala jaiparyant tine swazilandmadhil mababne yetheel eka madhyamik shaletahi adhyapan kele. daar ess salammadhye, tine tichya aii. aine. see. chya kamat manapasoon bhag ghetala, pakshachya mahitee aanee prasiddhi vibhagat sameel jhaali-visheshtah, tine redio swatantryavar kaam kele-tasech tichya mahila vibhagat, jyaa vibhagane tatkalin-bund jhalelya aii. aine. see. mahila leegchi jaaga ghetali. 1978 teey 1981 yaa kalat embete yaa tanzaniyatil mahila vibhagasathi pradeshik sachiv hotya.
1981 teey 1983 paryant tyaa keniyachya nairobimadhye, jithe tyanche patee kaam karat hote, tithe eka aii. aine. see. jansampark adhikari hotya. nantar tine botsavanatil gaboron (1983 teey 1986); harare, zimbabwe (1986 teey 1987); aanee lusaka, zambia (1987 teey 1990) yethe padey ghetali. mahila vibhagasobatchya tichya kamavyatirikt, tee sanskrutik sakriyata aanee shikshanat sahbhagi hotee, jyat medu qalaa samoohache pramukh mhanoonahi sameel hotee; tee eka prakashit kavee dekhil hotee, tichya vivahit navane, baleka kilocitsile lihit hotee.
sankramanah 1990-1994.
juuna 1990 madhye embete haddapar houn dakshin africela paratali. tyanantarchya varshant, tee varnabhed sampushtat aananyasathi jhalelya vataghatisathi aii. aine. see. chya pratinidhimandalachi sadasya hotee. yavyatirikt, august 1990 madhye aii. aine. see. mahila leag punha suru karnyat aalee aanee embetne tyachya punarsthapaneche nirikshan nirikshan antarim netrutva dalavar kaam kele. april 1991 madhye kimberley yethe jhalelya leegchya pahilya nivadak parishadet, adhyaksh gertrude shope yanchya netrutvakhali seva dett, mubbet leagueche sarchitanis mhanoon nivadle gele. tine yaa padavar ekach karyakal purn kelah december 1993 madhye jhalelya kartil nivadak parishadet, nosivive mapisa-nakkula tichya jaagi nivadoon aalya. 
sarkari nokri.
april 1994 madhye dakshin aafrikechya varnabhedanantarchya pahilya nivadnukanmadhye, dakshin aafrikechya sansadechya kanishth sabhagruhat tichya 25 varshanchya karyakalala suruvat jhaali, tyaa divashi rashtriy vidhansabhet aii. aine. see. chey pratinidhitva karnyasathi mubbet nivadoon aalya. yavyatirikt, december 1994 madhye aii. aine. see. chya 49 vya rashtriy parishadet, aii. aine. see. chya rashtriy karyakari samiteet anek karyakalanpaiki pahilya karyakalasathi tyaa nivadoon aalya; midalelya matannusar, samiteet nivadoon aalelya 60 samanya sadasyanpaiki tyaa 17 vya kramankavar hotya.
1995 madhye, aii. aine. see. chya sansadiy cocusche adhyaksh aanee satya aanee salokha aayogavaril adhyakshiy samitiche sadasya mhanoon embet yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. 
upasabhapatih 1996-2004.
meey 1996 madhye, teela rashtriy sabheche upasabhapati mhanoon freen ginwala yanchi niyukti karnyasathi badhati denyat aalee; tee bhadra ranchodchi jaaga ghetali, jyanna rajdoot mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. 14 juuna 1999 roji, tyaa varshichya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar, tyaa upasabhapati mhanoon purn karyakalasathi punha nivadoon aalya; tyanni democratic pakshachya virodhi umedwarala, democratic pakshachya umedvaranna, eka matat parabhoot kele, tyanna smutschya 47 viruddha 326 matey midali.
yaa kalat, april 1997 madhye, embetla empumlanga yetheel chachani kendrat ayogyaritya jaaree kelela vahanchalak parwana midala hota asey nishpann jhaale. embetne mhatale hote qee tee tichya vahan chalavanyachya chachanisathi ranget vaat pahanyat khoop vyast hotee, jaree tine nantar asey mhananyas nakar deela. yaa ghotalyamule empumlanga vahtook vibhagatil bhrashtacharacha vyapak tapas jhaala aanee prantiy mantryala barkhast karnyat aale, jaree embetwar chukichya kamacha aarop thevanyat aala navhata aanee tine asey mhatale hote qee tee "jyachyabaddal mallah mahitee navhati asha gairvyavaharanchya jaalyat adakali hotee".
vakta mhanoon pahili termh 2004-2008.
2004 chya sarvatrik nivadanukinantar, aii. aine. see. neey jaheer kele qee teey rashtriy sabheche adhyaksh mhanoon freen ginwala yanchya jaagi embet yanna namankit kartil. 23 april 2004 roji tyaa karyalayasathi binvirodh nivadoon aalya, tarr gwen mahalangu yaa tyanchya upadhikshak hotya.
khasdar mhanoon embetcha karyakal travelgate ghotalyashi julala, joou rajkarnyanni sansadiy pravas vouturecha gairavapar karnyashi sambandhit hota. mail aanee palak" yanni sangitale qee tyaa sandarbhat tee aii. aine. see. chya "nuksan maryada saravat" aaghadivar hotee. 2003 madhye sansadechi fasavanuk kelyabaddal doshi tharalelya toney yengeni yaa majee rajkaranila tine sarvajanikaritya pathimba darshavila; 2006 madhye jevha tyane tyachi turungvasachi shiksha bhoganyachi nond kelee tevha tee yengenisobat polmur turungat dekhil gelee. tathapi, embetne sansad aanee tichya samitya balkat karnyasathi vachanbaddha asalyache sangitale aanee sangitale qee teela varshane midaleli "rubber stamp asaleli sanstha" aahe. yaa sandarbhat tine kelelya prayatnanmule, sansadeche sachiv zingile dingani yanchyashi ticha sangharsh jhaala, jyanni swatachya padasathi vistarit janadesh magitala hota.
janewari 2006 madhye, liberiyache adhyaksh mhanoon elen johnson sarleaf yanchya udghatanala upasthit rahnyasathi, embetne 471,900 rupaye (sumare $60,000) kharchoon eka jett bhadyane ghetale. vimanatil ekmev pravasi ticha karmchari hota. friel hafaji yanni haah kharch vyarth asalyache mhatale.
aii. aine. see. adhyakshapadachi nivadanuk.
adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya karyakaladarmyan, december 2007 madhye polokwane yethe jhalelya pakshachya 52 vya rashtriy parishadet, embet yanna aii. aine. see. netrutva padasathi ubhe rahnyasathi namankit karnyat aale hote. suruvatila tyanna up sarchitanis padasathi namankit karnyat aale hote, parantu pakshachya adhyakshapadasathi ubhe rahnyasathi, anpekshitpane, parishadechya patalavarun, tyanche namankan jhaale tevha tyaa sharyatitoon tyanni maghar ghetali; tokio sexwale yanna adhyakshapadasathi namankit karnyat aale hote, parantu tyanni jaheer kele qee teey "mahila sakshamikaranala" protsahan denyasathi embetchya bajoone maghar ghetil.
kartil divashi, 18 december 2007 roji, embet yanni aii. aine. see. chey rashtriy adhyaksh mhanoon paach varshanchya karyakalasathi nivadanuk jinkley. vijayi rashtrapatipadache umedvar jacob zuma yanchyashi yutee karoon, tyanni joel netshittenzecha-jeey nivartaman adhyaksh thabo mabeki yanchyashi yutee karat hote-bhuskhalanat parabhav keela, tyanna 61 takke matey midali.
upadhyakshah 2008-2009.
20 september 2008 roji, aii. aine. see. neey jaheer kele qee tyanni mabeki yanna dakshin aafrikechya adhyakshapadacha rajinama denyas sangitale aahe. kartil divashi tyanni embet yanchya karyalayasamor aapala rajinama sadar keela.
asey anuman lavale jaat hote qee mabete mabeki yanchyanantar adhyaksh mhanoon yeteel, jyamule tyaa dakshin aafrikechya itihasatil pahilya mahila rashtradhyaksh banalya asatya; tathapi, aii. aine. see. neey jaheer kele qee aii. aine. see. chey upadhyaksh kalema motalanthe heey padd swikartil. fumzile mlambo-engkuka yanni padacha rajinama dilyanantar 23 september roji, dakshin aafrikechya upadhyakshapadacha sarvat sambhavya umedvar mhanoon sabasine mabetchi ghoshana kelee. 
25 september 2008 roji, motalanthe yanni tyanchi upadhyaksh mhanoon niyukti kelee. 
sansadepasun antarah 2009-2014.
april 2009 madhye jhalelya pudhil sarvatrik nivadanukit, mabete tyanchya sansadiy jagevar punha nivadoon aalya, parantu udghatanala upasthit asoonahi, 6 meey roji sansadeche sadasya mhanoon shapath ghenyas kahee pramanat natyamayaritya nakar deela. aagami adhyaksh jacob zuma yanni ghoshana kelee qee khalema motalanthe tyanchya jaagi upadhyaksh mhanoon kaam kartil aanee aii. aine. see. neey sangitale qee tyaa sansadet paratanyaivaji purnavel pakshache kaam karnyasathi luthuli sabhagruhat jaatil. aaplya shapathavidhibabat gondhal nirman jhaala hota heey embetne nakarle kaaran tyaa upadhyaksh mhanoon punarniyuktisathi dhadpadat hotya, asey mhanat, "hii nehmich eka antarim vyavastha hotee."
december 2009 paryant, 'delly maverick' neey asey nirikshan nondavale qee janata rahasyamay rahilelya karananmule mabetene 'sarvajanik rajkiy munch sodala' hota. tathapi, tyanni aii. aine. see. chya rashtriy adhyaksh mhanoon tyancha karyakal purn keela aanee 18 december 2012 roji aii. aine. see. chya 53 vya rashtriy parishadet tyaa karyalayat kartil karyakalasathi tyaa aaramat punha nivadoon aalya; tyanni 76 takke matansah thandi modiescha parabhav keela.
vakta mhanoon dusari termh 2014-2019.
2014 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit embete rashtriy vidhansabhechya eka aii. aine. see. jagevar paratalya aanee pakshane tyanna rashtriy sabheche adhyaksh mhanoon tyanchya purvichya padavar parat yenyasathi namankit kele. 21 meey 2014 roji vidhansabhechya pahilya baithakidarmyan, lokshahi aaghadichya nosimo balindelala 88 matey midali, tarr 260 matey midvat tyanni virodhi pakshachya umedwarala sahaj haravale. 
pakshapatyukt aarop.
10 september 2014 roji, lokshahi aaghadi aanee aarthik swatantryasainikansaha paach virodhi pakshanni sangitale qee tyanni embetwar avishvas prastav sadar karanyachi yojana aakhali aahe aanee dawa keela qee tyaa ekach velee aii. aine. see. chya adhyaksha aanee rashtriy sabhechya adhyaksha mhanoon kaam karoo shakat naheet. 16 september roji sansadet jhalelya charchecha parinam assa jhaala qee haah prastav 234 viruddha eka matanni fetalanyat aala. virodhi pakshanni ektritpane sabhagruhatun baher padanyacha haah parinam hota, jevha aii. aine. see. neey tyaeivaji matala embetmadhil vishvasachya matat badalanyacha prayatna keela.
adhik samanyatah, embetwar anek varshe aarop jhaale aahet qee tee aii. aine. see. chya bajoone pakshapati aahe aanee adhyaksh zuma yanchya kathputalichi aahe. march 2016 madhye, ghatanatmak nyayalayane, "aarthik swatantryasainik viruddha rashtriy sabheche adhyaksh" yaa prakaranat asey mhatale qee, mabetchya netrutvakhalil rashtriy sabhene sarvajanik sanrakshakachya nkandala ahavalachi amalbajavani karnyaivaji kamkuvat karoon dakshin aafrikechya sanvidhanache ullanghan kele aahe.
aii. aine. see. rashtrapatipadachi moheem.
aii. aine. see. chya chya rashtriy parishadepurvi, jee aii. aine. see. adhyaksh mhanoon zumacha uttaradhikari nivdel, embetne april 2016 chya suruvatila swatahla adhyakshapadacha davedar mhanoon olakhale. aii. aine. see. mahila leegne aanakhi eka umedvar-encosazana dalamini-zuma-yala manyata dilee aanee embetkade aaghadiche umedvar mhanoon pahile gele nahee, parantu december 2017 madhye parishad hoiparyant tine #bm17 yaa bannerkhali prachar suru thewala. tathapi, parishadechya pahilya ratri, embetne siril ramaphosa-dalamini-zumacha mukhya pratispardhi-adhyakshapadasathi samarthan dile. zumane tichya mohimeche samarthan naan kelyamule tee nirash jhaali hotee mhanoon tine ramphosala pathimba dilyache sanganyat aale.
embet yaa parishadet rashtriy adhyaksh mhanoon punha nivadanuk ladhavu shakalya naheet aanee konatyahi varishtha netrutvachya padasathi matpatrikevar aalya naheet, parantu tyaa rashtriy karyakari samitivar punha nivadoon aalya. mail aanee palak" chya mulyankanat, embetcha pakshatil prabhav tichya ayashasvi rashtrapatipadachya pracharanantar qamee jhaala.
uttaradhikar aanee parinam.
2019 chya sarvatrik nivadanukipurvi, mabetne 'sovetan' laa sangitale qee teela 'pudhil done mahinyant kaay honar aahe' heey mahit nahee. meey mahinyat jevha nivadanuk jhaali, tevha tyaa tyanchya sansadiy jagevar punha nivadoon aalya, parantu 20 meey roji aii. aine. see. neey jaheer kele qee teey rashtriy prant parishadeche nivartaman pramukh thandi modies yanna embete yanchya jaagi adhyaksh mhanoon niyukt kartil. kartil divashi, aii. aine. see. neey asha afavanna dujora deela qee mabete yanni tyanche naav pakshachya yaditoon mage ghetale aahe, mhanje tyaa tyanchya sansadiy jagevar paratanar naheet.
march 2022 madhye, embetne redio 702 laa sangitale qee tiche rajkaran sampale aahe. tathapi, done mahinyanantar, rashtriy karyakari samiteene leagueche vidyaman netrutva visarjit kelyanantar tichi aii. aine. see. mahila leegchi antarim sanyojak mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. tyaa padavar tyanni antarim samnvayak maropen ramokgopa yanchyasobat naveen netrutva dall nivadle jaiparyant sanghache netrutva kele. december 2022 madhye mukhya pravahatil aii. aine. see. chya 55 vya rashtriy parishadet, 1994 nantar prathamach tichi jaaga gamavalyane, tee rashtriy karyakari samitivar punha nivadoon aalee nahee.
vyavsayik hitsambandh.
embitechya vyavasayashi asalelya sambandhanvar prashnachinh upasthit karnyat aale aahe. tee aanee uttarekadil kepmadhil aii. aine. see. chee prantiy sachiv dow. keey. emm. semelo heey diamboo holdingsche bhagdharak aahet, jeey gauteng prantat mothya gottren sarvajanik vahtook prakalpachya bandhkamat guntalele aahet. diamboochya malakiche sambandh mrut magnet brett kebalshi asalyache sangitale jaate. 2010 madhye, us tapaskartyanni 'madhmashi' vyavharanchya navakhali teela 25 dashalaksh rupayanchya sonyachya shetatil lachkhorimadhye fasavale hote.
vaiyaktik jeevan.
mabetene 1978 madhye nirvasit lekhak aanee kavee keorapetse kgositsileshy lagn kele. 1992 madhye tyancha ghatasfot jhaala aanee 2016 madhye tine nepe khomo yaa vyavsayikasobat punarvivah keela. teela teen mule aanee done mulee aahet.

