naav aanee aavashyakta

namkaran aanee aavashyakta' heey 1980 salche pustak aahe, jyat 1970 saalee prinston vidyapithat tatvadnya saul kripke yanni dilelya teen vyakhyananchi pratilekh aahe, jyamadhye tyanni bhashechya tattvadnyanatil yogya navanchya vadavivadanvar bhashya kele aahe. hii pratilekh moolatah 1972 madhye 'naisargik bhashechya shabdarth' madhye aanali gelee hotee, jyache sampadan donald davidson aanee gilbert harman yanni kele hote. vishleshanatmak tattvadnyanmadhye, 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' hii visavya shatkatil sarvat mahattvachya tatvadnyanvishayak granthanpaiki eka manali jaate.
vihangavalokan.
bhasha hii vishleshanatmak tattvadnyanchi prathamik chinta aahe, visheshtah sankalpana vyakt karnyasathi aanee vyaktincha sandarbh denyasathi bhashecha vapar.
namkaran aanee aavashyakta" yaa bhashet, kripke vishleshanatmak tattvadnyanat mahattvache asalelya anek prashnancha vichar karatatah
kripakechi teen vyakhyane yogya navanchya varnanatmak siddhantanvar hallah karatat. kripke varnanatmak siddhantanchya vividh prakaranche shrey gottlob frage, bertrand russell, ludwig whitzenstein aanee johnn searl yanna detat. varnanatmak siddhantannusar, yogya nave ektar varnanancha samanarthi aahet, kinwa tyancha sandarbh ekhadya varnanashi kinwa varnananchya samoohasah naav sambandhit asalyamule nirdharit keela jaato, jyache object advitiyapane samadhan karate. kripke yaa donhi prakarchya varnanatmakatela nakar detat. nave tyancha sandarbh kassa nirdharit karatat yacha siddhant mhanoon varnanatmakata avishvasaniy banavanyacha hetu asaleli anek udaharane too deto (udaa.jee.arthat, aristotal vayachya donavya varshi maran pavala asata aanee tyamule tyachya navasah aapan jodalelya konatyahi varnanashi samadhani nasata aanee tarihi too aristotal hota heey nakarane chukiche vatel). paryay mhanoon, kripkene sandarbhasathichya karanatmak siddhantachi ruparesha aakhali, jyanusar vaktyanchya samudayandvare madhyasthi kelyapramane ekhadya vastushi asalelya karanatmak sambandhamule naav ekhadya vastoocha sandarbh dete. teey nidarshanas aanoon detat qee bahutek varnananchya ulat, yogya nave kathor niyukt karnare asatatah yogya naav pratyek sambhavya jagaat jyaa object astitvat aahe tyaa navachya objectla sandarbhit karate, tarr bahutek varnane vegvegalya sambhavya jagantil vegvegalya objectsla soochit karatat. udaharanarth, 'nixon' mhanje nixon astitvat asalelya pratyek sambhavya jagaat ekach vyakticha sandarbh, tarr '1968 chee united stateschee adhyakshiy nivadanuk jinkanari vyakti' mhanje nixon, humphrey kinwa vegvegalya sambhavya jagatil itarancha sandarbh gheu shakate.
kripke yanni 'pashchavarti' garajanchi shakyata dekhil vadhavali-jee tathye aavashyakpane kharee aahet, jaree tee keval anubhavjanya tapasadvarech kaloo shakatat. udaharananmadhye 'hesperus haah phosphorus aahe', 'cicero haah tuley aahe', 'paanee heey heey aahe' aanee itar olakh dave samavisht aahet jethe done nave ekach vastoocha sandarbh detat.
shevati, kripke yanni manachya tattvadnyanatil bhautikvadachya virodhat yuktivad keela, pratyek mansik vastusthiti kahee bhautik vastusthitishi samaan aahe assa drushtikon. kripke yanni assa yuktivad keela qee yaa olakhiche rakshan karnyacha ekmev marg mhanje 'eka pashchavarti' aavashyak olakh, parantu ashee olakh-udaa.jee., vedna mhanje see-fibercha sphot-see-fiberchya utsargashi kahihi sambandh nasalelya vedanechi shakyata lakshat gheta aavashyak asoo shakat nahee. david chalmersney ashach prakarche yuktivad prastavit kele aahet.
kripke yanni 1973 madhye auxford yethe 'sandarbh aanee astitva' yaa shirshakakhali tattvadnyanatil johnn loke vyakhyane dilee, tee anek babatint 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' chaa eka satatya aahet aanee kalpanik nave aanee aaklan truti yaa vishayanshi sambandhit aahet. teey nuktech auxford university presne prakashit kele aahet. quentin smithne assa dawa keela aahe qee 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' madheel kahee kalpana pratham (kiman anshatah) rooth barcan marcus yanni sadar kelya hotya. kripke yanni 1969 chya vyakhyanadarmyan markschya kalpanancha gairsamaj karoon ghetala hota, jyaa vyakhyanala teey upasthit hote (tyanni vicharlelya prashnanchya aadhare) aanee nantar teey ashach nishkarshanvar pohochale assa aarop aahe. matra, marksney vyakhyanachi shabdik pratilekh prakashit karnyas nakar deela aahe. smithche mutt vadgrast aahe aanee anek suprasiddha vidvananni (udaharanarth, stephen niil aanee scott soams) nantar tapshilvar uttare dilee aahet, jyat tyanni tyanche vrutt chukiche asalyacha yuktivad keela aahe.
naav denyacha siddhant.
pahilya vyakhyanat, kripke yanni jyaa prakarchya "naav denyachya siddhantachi" yojnabaddha ardh-aupcharik aavrutti sadar kelee, tyavar teey "teeka" karat hote (1980:64-65). pahilya vyakhyanachya shevati tyanni charcha kelelya 'gair-vartuliy sthitee' saha yaa siddhantachya 'prabandh' chee punaravrutti karoon tyanni kadachit vyakhyanachi suruvat kelee. varvar pahata, sarvana disanyasathi prabandh aanee atty eka falkavar lihilya gelya hotya. khalee uddhrut kelyapramane, haah majkoor 1980 chya "halakya pramanat sampadit" pratilekhat punarutpadit karnyat aala hota (pru. 71).
vyakhyan I: 20 janewari 1970.
yaa pahilya vyakhyanatil kripkechi mukhya uddishte mhanje nave kasha prakare karya karatat yabaddal vidyaman tatvik matey spasht karane aanee tyanchyavar teeka karane.
karane shatkachya madhyat, navanche swaroop aanee namkaran yabaddalacha sarvat mahattvacha tatvik siddhant haah gottlob fragecha siddhant hota, joou bertrand russell yaa navancha varnanatmak siddhant, jyala kadhikadhi 'frage-russell varnan siddhant' mhanoon olakhale jayache, yane vikasit keela hota. kripkene tyanchi 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' vyakhyane denyapurvi, yaa varnanatmak siddhantachi anek teeka ludwig whitgenstein, johnn searl aanee pieter strosson yanchyasah pramukh tattvadnyanni prakashit kelee hotee. tathapi, kripkecha assa vishvas hota qee navanchya frage-russell varnanatmak siddhantaviruddha vidyaman yuktivad yaa siddhantatil vastavik samasya olakhanyas ayashasvi tharale.
vyakhyan 2:22 janewari 1970.
vyakhyan II' madhye, kripke navanchya samooh siddhantacha punarvichar karatat aanee sandarbh swarupavaril tyanchya swatachya bhoomikesathi yuktivad karatat, jyaa sthitine sandarbh karyakaran siddhantachya vikasat yogdan dile.
vyakhyan 3:29 janewari 1970.
vyakhyan 3' madhye, olakh sambandhanchya garjebaddalche tyanche vrutt vikasit karane aanee naisargik prakaranchi olakh, dnyanshastriy aanee aadhyatmik aavashyakatemadhil farak, aadhyatmik saranchi kalpana aanee manachya tattvadnyanatil munn-sharirachi samasya yasarkhya muddyanvar tyanchya lekhachya anek parinamanvar charcha karane haah kripkecha mukhya uddesh aahe.
pahilya done vyakhyananmadhye ghetalelya nishkarshancha saransh deuun kripkechi suruvat hote. varnanatmak sandarbh siddhantavaril tyancha hallah haah tyanchya aadhichya vyakhyanancha kendrabindu hota. kripke varnanatmakteviruddha tikanchya done olee detat. pratham, teey nidarshanas aanoon detat qee vaktyanni sandarbhabaddal manaleli varnane advitiyapane nirdisht karat naheet aanee tyamule sandarbh nishchit karnyat asamarth aahet. tyachya tikechi dusari ola sangate qee, tyaa maryadit prakarananmadhyehi, jethe vakta kahitari vishishtapane nirdisht karnyavar vishvas thevato, jeey vishishtapane nirdisht kele aahe teey sandarbhakarta nasalyache disun yete.
punaravruttidvare aanakhi done samasya udbhavtatah pratham, kripke kabool karatat qee kahee maryadit prakarane astitvat aahet jithe varnan pratyakshat sandarbh nirdharit karate. matra, yaa prakarananmadhye teey itar konatehi shabdarthavishayak kaam karat naheet. teey aaplyala varnananche sankshipt roop kinwa samanarthi shabd mhanoon nave darshavu dett naheet. dusare mhanje, kripke assa yuktivad karatat qee kahee tatvadnya olakhinche punarikshanatmak vivaran detat, parantu heey punarikshanatmak vivaran apurate aahe aanee tyaeivaji aapan olakhchya manak vivaranasah rahile pahije, joou navanmadhil sambandh nahee, tarr vastoo aanee swatamadhil sambandh aahe.
navancha sandarbh samanyatah jyaa lokanni naav vaparale aahe tyanchya darmyanchya karanatmak duvyanchya malikedware nirdharit keela jaato. dusare mhanje, jevha navacha sandarbh navachya vastushi sambandhit asalelya malmattedware nirdharit keela jaato, tevha duva aavashyak kinwa aavashyak nasoon aakasmik asato. londonmadhye paach mahilanchya hatyesathi jababdar asalelya vyakticha sandarbh denyasathi lock 'jacq daad ripper' heey naav vaparnyas suruvat karatat. mhanoon, varnanadvare tyachya sandarbhasathi naav nishchit kele gele. tathapi, jyaa vyaktine hatya kelya tyaa vyaktila kadachit kadachit gunhyasathi turungwas jhaala asel aanee tyamule tyaa mahilanchi hatya karanyachi malmatta kadachit kadhihi navhati. tyamule, khuni asanyachi malmatta aanee sandarbhit vyakti yanchyatil sambandh aakasmik aahe. tisare, olakh haah navanmadhil sambandh nahee. too eka assa sambandh aahe joou vastoo aanee swatamadhye asato. jevha konee achookpane dawa karato qee done nave ekach vastoocha sandarbh detat, tevha dawa jaree 'postariori' mhanoon olakhala jaau shakato, taree too aavashyakpane kharaa aahe. asha prakare, kripkene aaplya aadhi pratyekane kelele asey gruheet yashasviritya fetalalyacha dawa keela aahe qee jeey kahee aavashyakpane kharey aahe teey "eka prathamikata" mhanoon olakhale jaeel (i.eae. emmanuel kaant 1781/1787).
mahatva.
visavya shatkatil tatvik vishleshanh khand 2: arthache yug", scott soams yanni lihileh
bhashechya tattvadnyanat, 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' hii aataparyantchya sarvat mahattvachya granthanpaiki eka aahe, jee ekonisavya shatkachya uttaradhat fragechya shastriy karyasah aanee visavya shatkachya purvardhat russell, tarsky aanee whitzensteenchya karyasah kramvarit aahe. . . "samanya bhasha tattvadnyanmadhye itake lokpriy asalelya yaa drushtikonachya antarnihit, parantu vyapak, nakarnyat 'namkaran aanee aavashyakta' neey mothee bhoomika bajavali-teey tattvadnyan bhashechya vishleshanapeksha adhik kahee nahee.

