killa (kadambari)

daad casal (, jyala 'daas sclose' asehi mhanatat) hii franz kafka yanchi shevatchi kadambari aahe. tyat eka nayak fakt 'keey' mhanoon olakhala jaato."eka gavat pohochato aanee count westwestchya malkichya killyatoon tyavar rajya vikasit rahasyamay hote.'killyachya pohochanyasathi sangharsh karato. 
kaam purn honyapurvich kafka maran pavala aanee tyachya ichcheviruddha hii kadambari maranottar prakashit karnyat aalee. andharlela aanee kadhikadhi avastav, 'killa' haah anekada aliptapana, pratisad naan denari nokarshahi, pardarshak nasalelya, spashtapane aniyantrit niyantran pranalinsah vyavasay karnyacha prayatna karanyachi nirasha aanee aprapya dhyeyacha vyarth pathpurava yabaddal samajala jaato.
itihas.
kafkane 27 janewari 1922 chya sandhyakali kadambari lihayala suruvat kelee, jyaa divashi too (aata check prajasattakat) dongral resortmadhye pohochala. tyachya aagmananantar tyache chhayachitra kadhalele tyala barfat ghodyane odhalelya slaidware "killyachi" aathvan karoon naav vatavaranat dakhavate. tyamule, hastalikhit hastalikhitatil pahile kahee adhyay pahilya vyaktimadhye lihile gele aanee kahee kalanantar kafkane teey badaloon badaloon vyaktiche kathakar kele, yache mahatva "keey."
max broad.
kadambari purn honyapurvich kafka maran pavala aanee jarr too kshayarogatun vachala asata tarr too tee purn karnyacha tyacha hetu hota qaa, haah prashnach aahe. eka velee tyane tyacha mitra max broad yala sangitale qee kadambaricha shevat keey. neey hoil.yaa pustakacha nayak, tyachya mrutyuparyant gavat rahat rahila; killyane tyala tyachya mrutyushayyevar soochit kele qee tyacha gavat rahanyacha kayadeshir dawa vaidh navhata, tarihi, kahee sahayyak paristhiti lakshat gheuun, tyala tethe rahanyachi aanee kaam karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee."matra, 11 september 1922 roji broadla lihilelya patrat tyanni lihile qee teey pustak sodoon dett aahet aanee tyakade kadhihi paratanar naheet. tase, pustak vakyachya madhyat sampate.
jaree broadla kafkane tyachya mrutyunantarchya tyachya serve aprakashit granthancha naash karanyachi soochana dilee asali, taree broadney tyaeivaji tyapaiki anek prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee. "" "moolatah 1926 madhye german bhashet myoonichya prakashak joela goodman yanni prakashit kele hote". yaa aavruttichi vikri chhapalelya 1500 pratinpeksha khoopach qamee jhaali. 1935 madhye berlinmadhil scockon verlag yanni aanee 1946 madhye newyorkchya scockon booksne teey punha prakashit kele.
broadney heey kaam mothya pramanat sampadit karoon teey prakashanasathi tayar kele. kafkanchya likhanachi rachana tikavoon thevane navhe tarr yaa granthachi aanee lekhakachi sweekruti midvane heey tyanche uddisht hote. anuvadanchya bhavishyat heey khoop upayogi padel aanee majkurachya charchecha kendrabindu raheel. broadney heey hastalikhit auxford vidyapithala daan kele.
broadney killyachya pratikatmakatevar eka majboot dharmik mahatva thewale. arnold headseaks anekanni namood kelyapramane, anek judo-khrishchan sandarbhanvar aadharit yaa kamacha haah eka sambhavya arth aahe.
malcum pasley.
bhashantar 'white' asalyache prakashakachya lavkarach lakshat aale aanee 1940 madhye tyala 'purnapane vegala drushtikon' havah hota. 1961 madhye malcum paslila 'trial' vagalata kafkachya serve kamanmadhye pravesh midala aanee tyanni teey oxfordchya bodleyan granthalayat jamaa kele. pasley aanee vidvananchya eka chamoone (gerhard neuman, jost shillemate aanee jurgen borne) 1982 teey 1960 chya dashakat hii kaame prakashit karnyas suruvat kelee. fisher verlag. "tyaa varshi done khandancha sanch mhanoon prakashit karnyat aala-pahilya khandatil kadambari aanee paslechya khandatil tukade, hatvane aanee sampadakanchya nondi. yaa chamoone mool german majkoor tyachya purn aanee apoorn sthiteet punarsanchayit keela, jyat shailisathi mahattvapoorn manalya manalya kafkachya adviteey viramchinhacha samavesh aahe.
stromefeld/rotter stern.
hastalikhitasathichya kafkanchya hetuche spashtikaran chaloo aahe. ekekali stromefeld/rotter stern verlag yanni hastalikhit aanee pratilekhan sobat-sobat asaleli gambhir aavrutti prakashit karnyachya adhikaransathi kaam kele. parantu tyanna kafka varas aanee pasley yanchya virodhala samore jaave lagale.
shirshak.
yaa shirshakache bhashantar' killa 'kinwa' rajwada 'asey kele jaau shakate, parantu german shabd haah eka samanarthi shabd aahe joou kuloop dekhil sandarbhit karoo shakato. dhvanyatmakdrushtya teey '(' nishkarsh 'kinwa' shevat ') chya agadi jawal aahe. killa bund aahe aanee keey. sathee bund aahe. aanee shaharatil lock; doghannahi pravesh miloo shakat nahee.
clam yaa varnanche naav germanmadhil clammer yaa shabdasarkhech aahe, jyacha arth 'clip, brace, pegg, fastner' assa hoto aanee tyacha duheri arth asoo shakato, kaaran clam heey moolatah killyache rahasy aanee keche moksh bund karnare kuloop aahe. samanya vaparat, 'clam' heey eka visheshan aahe jeey olava aanee thandiche sanyojan darshavate (see. eff. ingrajimadhye 'clammy') aanee hawaman aanee kapade yaa donhinchya sandarbhat vaparale jaau shakate, jeey mukhya patrachya navat asvasthatechi bhavna nondavate. chekmadhye, 'clam' mhanje bhram kinwa fasavanuk.
mandani.
nayak, keey., jawalchya killyat karyarat asalelya eka rahasyamay nokarshahidware shasit asalelya gavat pohochato. shaharachya dharamshalet aashray ghetana, killyachya killyachya bolavalela too jameen sarvekshak asalyacha dawa karato. tyala patkan soochit kele jaate qee tyacha killyashi sampark clam navacha eka adhikari aahe, joou parichayatmak nondit keey. laa kalavato. too mahapouranna ahwal deil.
mahapour keey. laa kalavatat. killa aanee gaav yanchyatil sanvadatil mishranachya madhyamatoon tyala chukichi vinanti karnyat aalee hotee. parantu mahapour tyala shalechya shikshakachya sevet kaljivahu mhanoon padd deu karatat. darmyan, keey.gavatil pratha, nokarshahi aanee prakriyanshi aparichit asalele, asalele eka kathor nishiddha manale jaanare klammaparyant pohochanyacha prayatna karat rahatat.
adhikari kaay karatat heey tyanna maheet nasale taree gavkari adhikari aanee killyacha khoop aadar karatat. detat krutee kadhihi spasht kelya jaat naheet. gramsth dirgh ekpatri bolani karoon detat krutisathi anuman aanee samarthan detat. detat krutibaddal pratyekakade spashtikaran asalyache disate, parantu teey anekada swatashich visangat asatat aanee sandigdhata lapavanyacha konatahi prayatna keela jaat nahee. tyaeivaji, gavkari eka eka aanakhi eka krutee kinwa vaishishtya mhanoon tyachi prashansa karatat.
adhikrut shabd' aanee grameen sankalpana yanchyatil adhik spasht virodhabhasanpaiki eka mhanje sachiv erlanger yanni friedachya barmaid mhanoon sevet parat yenyachya aavashyaktevar kelela prabandh. keey. gavatil rahivashancha vichar naan karata, killyane (jaree fryda hii utpatti asali taree) vinanti karnyas bhag padale jaat aahe heey maheet asalela too ekmev gavkari aahe.
killa hii sarvoch nokarshahi aahe, jyat bharpur kagadpatra aahet, jeey nokarshahi "dosharahit" asalyache manate. pann dosharahitata heey khote aahe; kagadopatri kelelya kamatil doshamule keey aala aahe. gawakade. pranaliche itar apayash aaheth keey. jevha ekhada sevak praptakarta kona asava heey tharvu shakat nahee tevha too kagadpatra nasht kartana pahato.
killyavar rahnare serve praudh purush asalyache disate aanee killyachya nokarshahichya kamanvyatirikt tyacha farsa sandarbh nahee. done ullekhaneey apavad mhanje agnishaman dall aanee tyaa oto brunswickchya patnine swatahla killyatil asalyache ghoshit kele. nantarchya ghoshanemule ottocha mulga, hansche mahatva keey madhye nirman hote.'killyachya hote.'killyachya pohochanyacha eka marg mhanoon tyache dolhe.
dolhe eka kinwa adhik sachiv asatat jeey tyanchya gavat tyanche kaam karatat. jaree teey kadhikadhi gavat aale asale taree, joparyant tyanna stree sahvasachi garaj nasate toparyant teey teey sanvad sadhat naheet, jeey laingik swarupache asalyache soochit karate.
patre.
teepah muir anuvad heey herenhoff dharamshalecha sandarbh detat jithe harman anuvad heey sajjananchya dharamshalet anuvadit karatat (tarr ghanta anuvad tyala casal dharamshala mhanato). khalee, adhikari gavat jithe rahatat tyaa dharamshaleche serve sandarbh heey herrenhoff dharamshala aahet kaaran haah pahila aanee sambhavyatah adhik vyapakpane vachala jaanara anuvad hota.
pramukh vishay.
dharamshastra.
heey changlya prakare nondavale gele aahe qee broadche mool bandhkam dharmik sankalpananvar aadharit hote aanee heey muiranni tyanchya anuvadanmadhye pudhe nele hote. pann too samikshatmak aavrutyansah sampalela nahee. vividh dharmik konansah asankhya arth lavale gele aahet.
keey. chaa eka arth.'killyashi sampark sadhanyacha sangharsh mhanje too mokshasathichya mansachya shodhache pratinidhitva karato. daad casal' chya alikadil aavruttiche anuvadak marqa harman yanchya matey, mool anuvadak villa muir (edvinchya madatine) yanni 1930 madhye pahila ingraji khand tayar keela hota. harman yanna vatate qee tyanni yaa drushtikonakade anuvadanmadhil purvagrah door keela aahe, parantu anekanna ajunahi vatate qee haah pustakacha muddah aahe.
kadambarichya baybalsambandhi vyakhyanna chalana denari vividh nave aanee paristhiti aahet. udaharanarth, adhikrut gallator (galletiansasathi german shabd), preshit paul aanee tyachya sahayyak barnabas yanchya karyatoon eka majboot khrishchan anuyayi vikasit vikasit suruvatichya pradeshanpaiki eka. sandeshavahakache naav, barnabas, tyach karanasathi. suruvatichya adhyayache naav naav, 'aagman' yaa tikatmak aavrutya dekhil itar goshtimbarobarach 'keey' shhee tulana karatat. eka junya kararatil masiha.
nokarshahi.
sampoorn killyacha spasht dhaga mhanje nokarshahi. atyant tokachi patali jawaljawal vinodi aahe aanee gavatil rahivashanni tyache samarthan aashcharyakarak aahe. tyamule heey kaam jyaa yugat lihile gele hote, jyaa yugachya rajkiy paristhiticha thet parinam aahe, jyavar yahudivirodhi, habsberg rajeshahiche avashesh ityadincha parinam jhaala aahe, asey anekanna vatate yaat aashchary vatnyasarkhe kahee nahee.
parantu yaa vishleshananmadhyehi, adhik sanvedanshil samasyanche apratyaksh sandarbh darshavile jaatat. udaharanarth, barnaba kutumbala, tyanni mafichi vinanti karnyapurvi pratham doshi siddha karanyachi tyanchi aavashyakta aanee tyanche sahkari gavkari tyanna jyaa prakare sodoon jaatat, tyaa vaganukikade tyaa kalatil yahudivirodhi havamanacha thet sandarbh mhanoon laksh vedhale gele aahe.
daad guardian' madhye sapadalelya kadambarichya punaravalokanat, william baroj yanni 'killa' nokarshahishi sambandhit aahe yaa davyavar aakshep ghetala aahe, assa dawa keela aahe qee haah drushtikon 'qamee karnara' asala taree, kafkachya sahityik aanee kalatmak drushtikonas kshullak tharvato. dusarikade, too assa dawa karato qee heey pustak ekakipana, vedna aanee sahvasachi ichcha yabaddal aahe.
itar kamancha ullekh.
samikshak anekada 'killa' aanee 'khatala' yaa vishayanvar eka maifilimadhye bolatat, jyat mukhya patracha nokarshahi vyavastheviruddhacha sangharsh aanee kayadyachya darasamor ubhe rahane, jase 'khatala' madheel madheel drushtantat aahe, teey adhorekhit kele jaate.
kafkyachya itar kamanmadhye samaan rachana asoonahi, 'killa' haah 'khatala' peksha khoopach vegala aahe. tarr keey.daad casal' chaa mukhya nayak, joseph keey, yala achanak tyachya sabhovatalache vastav samajoon ghenyat ashach prakarchi anishchitata aanee adchan yete.daad trial' chaa nayak adhik anubhavi aanee bhavnikdrushtya majboot asalyache disate. dusarikade, joseph keey.'vichitra ghatana ghadatat tevhahi tyacha parisar parichit rahato, keey. too swatahla eka naveen jagaat shodhato jyache kayade aanee niyam tyala aparichit aahet.
prakashanacha itihas.
2022 madhye, 'killa' sarvajanik kshetrat aala.
anuvad.
1930 madhye villa aanee edwin muir yanni 'daad casal' chya pahilya german aavruttiche bhashantar kele kaaran tee max broad yanni sankalit kelee hotee. englandmadhil sekar andd warberg aanee alfried aii yanni teey prakashit kele. united statesmadhil noff. noff aavruttimadhye thomas maan yanni shraddhanjali vahili hotee, jyane yuddhanantarchya kafkyachya vedala poshan dile.
1954 madhye 'nishchit' aavrutti prakashit jhaali aanee tyat broadne shocken nishchit german aavruttit jodalele atirikt vibhag samavisht kele. naveen vibhaganche bhashantar eethane wilkins aanee ernst kaisar yanni kele. muir majkurat kahee badal karnyat aale, mhanje 'nagar parishad' teey 'graam parishad', 'adhikshak' teey 'mahapour', 'grahak' teey 'arjdar' asey badal karnyat aale.
aale aavruttimadhye, sadhyachya prakashanat, 'irving howay' chee prastavna aahe.
muir anuvadanmadhye asha shabdancha vapar keela jaato, jeey anekada "aadhyatmik" swarupache manale jaatat. eka ullekhaneey udaharanat, muir killyache varnan 'nirvivadpane udanare' asey anuvadit karatat, jethe harman 'nirnayakpane sankuchit' vaparato. shivay, 'bhram' haah shabd pudhil pahilya parichchhedatun vaparla jaato. kahee samikshak heey goodh vyakhyekade cull asalelya anuvadatil purvgrahancha aanakhi purava mhanoon nondavtat.
harman anuvad.
1926 madhye broadney curt wolfla tyachya prakashan sansthet 'daad casal' chee pahili german aavrutti prakashit karnyasathi patvoon dile. tyache apoorn swaroop aanee kafkache kaam prakashit karnyachya tyachya ichchemule, max broadney kahise sampadakiy swatantrya ghetale.
1961 madhye malcum pasley itar bahutek kafka lekhanasah ('trial' vagalata) hastalikhitavar niyantran midvu shakala aanee too oxfordchya bodleyan granthalayat thewala. tethe, pasline vidvananchya chamooche netrutva kele aanee kafkanchya kamanche punha samikshatmak aavruttimadhye sankalan kele. "german bhashet 'daad casal' chya gambhir aavruttit done khand aahet-eka khandatil kadambari aanee paslechya khandatil tukade, hatvane aanee sampadakanchya nondi. teey ess. yanni prakashit kele hote. 1982 madhye fisher verlag, mhanoon kadhikadhi 'fisher aavrutya' mhanoon sambodhale jaate.
marqa harmanne yaa sanchatil pahilya khandacha vapar 1998 saalee 'daad casal' chee aavrutti tayar karnyasathi keela, jyala anekada 'punarsthapit majkoor' kinwa 'ingraji gambhir aavrutti' varr aadharit mhanoon sambodhale jaate. muir anuvadapeksha vegale, tukade, hatvane aanee sampadakanchya nondi samavisht naheet. prakashakachya nondinnusarah
jaree sahitya granthanchya utpattivar kharokharach rupe prakash takoo shakatat, taree aamhi kafkane hatavalele prakar aanee parichhed vagalanyacha nirnay ghetala jeey paslechya paslechya khandat samavisht aahet. samanya janatesathi asalelya yaa naveen aavrutticha mukhya uddesh, lekhakane jyaa rajyat hastalikhit sodale aahe tyaa rajyachya shakya titkya jawal asalelya swarupat majkoor sadar karane haah aahe.
tantrikdrushtya achook aanee mool german bhasheshi nigadit asey tyache bhashantar asalyache sarvmanya asalyache harmanla prapt jhaale aahe. tathapi, kahee vela kafkache gadyaroop tayar naan kelyabaddal tyanchyavar teeka jhaali aahe. yapaiki kahee muirchya anuvadanpramanech, pasliche sankalan dekhil chukiche asale taree broadchya sankalananpeksha changle asalyachya aaropanvar aahe.
harmanmadhye tyachya anuvadamagil tattvadnyanavaril akra pananchi charcha samavisht aahe. haah vibhag tyanni vaparleli paddhat aanee tyanchya vichar prakriyebaddal mahattvapoorn mahitee pradan karato. vachakanna yaa karyabaddal adhik changli jaann vhavi yasathi pasley, muirche bhashantar aanee tyache bhashantar yateel parichhedachi anek udaharane aahet. kahinna asey vatate qee tyachya (aanee prakashakachya) kamabaddalchi prashansa aanee tyane muiranna dilela "aashray" thoda jastach aahe.
undermood bhashantar.
jeey. chey bhashantar. aaa. underwood 1997 aanee 2000 madhye () united kingadammadhil penguinne prakashit kele.
ghanta anuvad.
2009 madhye, oxfordchya abhijat chitrapatanni anthia belche bhashantar prakashit kele.
calem, rogoff aanee northy anuvad.
johnn calem aanee seth rogoff (anthany northy yanni sampadit kelele) yanche bhashantar vietilis verlag, prag 2014 yanni prakashit kele hote.
anukulan.
chitrapat.
heey pustak anek vela pradarshanasathi rupantarit karnyat aale.

