elwyn plantingacha mukt ichchhashakticha bachav

elwyn plantingacha mukt ichchhashakticha bachav haah american vishleshanatmak tatvadnyani elwyn plantingane vikasit kelela tarkik yuktivad aahe aanee tyachya 1977 chya 'godd, friedam andd evill' yaa pustakat tyachya antim aavruttit prakashit jhaala aahe. plantingacha yuktivad haah tatvadnyani jeey. yanni tayar kelelya vaitatechya tarkik samasyeviruddhacha bachav aahe. ell. 1955 saalee mckeyne dushtatechya tarkik samasyeche sootra tayar kele, jyat assa yuktivad keela gela qee orthodox khrishchan aastikvadatil devachi teen vaishishtye, sarvadnyanachi, sarvashaktichi aanee sarvashaktimanatechi, tarkshastriyadrushtya dushtatechya astitvashi visangat aahet.
mckeycha dushtatebaddalacha tarkik yuktivad.
jeey. yanni yuktivad kelela dushtatepasunacha tarkik yuktivad. ell. mackie, aanee jyala mukt ichchhashakticha bachav pratisad deto, haah orthodox khrishchan dharamshastratil chaar dharmik tattvanmadhye tarkik virodhabhas astitvat aahe yaa kalpanevar aadharit khrishchan devachya astitvaviruddhacha yuktivad aahe. visheshtah, dushtancha yuktivad assa dawa karato qee prastavancha khaleel sanch swatach tarkikdrushtya visangat kinwa parasparvirodhi aaheh
bahutek rudhivadi khrishchan dharamshastradnya yaa chaar prastavanshi sahmat aahet. dushtancha tarkik yuktivad assa dawa karato qee guna (1-3) asalelya dewala serve white goshtimbaddal mahitee asane aavashyak aahe, too tyala rokhu shakel aanee naitikdrushtya paripoorn asalyane too tase karnyas prerit hoil. dushtatepasun yuktivad assa nishkarsh kadhato qee rudhivadi khrishchan devache astitva, mhanoon, dushtatechya astitvashi visangat aahe aanee tarkikdrushtya nakarle jaau shakate.
ropanasathiche mukt ichchhashaktiche sanrakshn.
plantingachya swatantra-ichchhashaktichya sanrakshanachi suruvat 'naitik white' aanee 'sharirik white' yanchyatil farak lakshat gheuun hote (plantingcha bachav pramukhyane naitik white sandarbh deto), tyanantar mckeycha yuktivad dev aanee naitik white astitva yanchyatil 'spasht' tarkik virodhabhas sthapit karnyat ayashasvi tharala assa dawa keela jaato. karel shabdant, ropan heey darshavate qee (1-4) heey tyanchya swatah chya virodhabhasi naheet aanee konatahi virodhabhas nastikanchya "antarnihit" anakahi gruhitkanmadhun udbhavala pahije, jeey yuktivadatach namood naan kelelya aadharanche pratinidhitva karatat. spasht" virodhabhas nakarla gelyas, nastikane too yashasvi honyasathi yuktivadala aadhar deela pahije. tathapi, jarr plantingane aanakhi yuktivad keela nasata, tarr virodhabhas astitvat asane aavashyak aahe yaa nastikanchya antardnyani chhapanche uttar midale nasate. ropanane aanakhi done mudde deuun heey sodavanyacha prayatna keela.
pratham, dev jaree sarvashaktiman asala taree tyane aksharshah kahihi karanyachi apeksha kelee jaau shakat nahee, asey ropanane nidarshanas aanoon dile. udaharanarth, dev chauras vartule nirman karoo shakat navhata, tyachya svabhavachya viruddha karya karoo shakat navhata kinwa adhik prasangikpane, kadhihi white nivadu naan asoo swatantra ichchesah prani tayar karoo shakat navhata. haah nantarcha muddah pudhe nett, plantingne assa yuktivad keela qee manvi swatantryache naitik moolya heey eka vishvasarh bharpai denare samarthan aahe jeey devakade white astitwala parvanagi denyasathi naitikdrushtya nyayya kaaran mhanoon asoo shakate. tarkik samasyecha nishkarsh chukicha asalyache dakhavun dilyacha dawa plantingane keela nahee, kinwa dushtala parvanagi denyache devache kaaran, kharey tarr, swatantra ichchhashakti rakhane heey aahe assa dawa dekhil keela nahee. tyaeivaji, tyachya yuktivadane keval dushtatechi tarkik samasya avaidh asalyache darshavinyacha prayatna keela.
plantingachya sanrakshanala khrishchan shaikshanik tatvadnya aanee dharmashastradnyancha bhakkam pathimba midala aahe. samkalin nastikanni 1-4 yaa prastavanmadhye bharr ghaloon spashtapane parasparvirodhi aastik sanch tayar karnyasathi aavashyak atirikt aadhar sapadalyacha dawa karnare yuktivad sadar kele aahet. 
ropan karnyachya swatantra-ichchhashaktichya sanrakshanavyatirikt, itar yuktivad aahet jeey tarkik yuktivadala vaitatoon kamkuvat kinwa chukiche siddha karatat. dev, swatantrya aanee white' madheel sambandhit prashna aanee samasyanche varnan aanee tyanche nirakaran karnyachya tyachya sakholatemule kiman anshatah taree, plantingachya swatantra-ichchhashakticha bachav haah yaa pratisadanpaiki sarvat prasiddha aahe.
adhik tapasheel.
devatvachya (devachya krutinche "samarthan") viruddha, rope lavane eka "bachav" mandate, eka naveen prastav mandate jyacha uddesh heey darshavine aahe qee sarvashaktiman, sarvashaktiman aanee sarvadnyani devasathi naitik white asalelya jagachi nirmiti karane tarkikdrushtya shakya aahe. lakshaniy baab mhanje, lagwad kartana tyacha naveen prastav kharaa aahe, keval too tarkikdrushtya vaidh aahe, assa dawa karanyachi garaj nahee. asha prakare lagwad karnyacha drushtikon paramparik theodysipeksha vegala aahe, joou keval naveen prastav vaidh aahet heey darshavinyacha prayatna karnar nahee, tarr yuktivad yogya aahe, prathamdarshani vajvi aahe kinwa too banavanyasathi changli karane aahet heey darshavinyacha prayatna karel. asha prakare rope lavnyavar puravyacha bhaar qamee hoto aanee tarihi tyacha drushtikon ajunahi mckeychya davyaviruddha bachav mhanoon kaam karoo shakato qee dusht aanee sarvashaktiman aanee sarvashaktiman devache ekach velee astitva "sakaratmakpane atarkik" aahe.
ropanane tyachya sanrakshanacha saransh dilah
konatehi mukt prani nasalelya jagapeksha, lakshaniyaritya mukt (aanee white krutinpeksha muktapane adhik changle karya karnare) prani asalele jug adhik maulyavan aahe, itar serve samaan aahe. aata dev mukt prani nirman karoo shakato, parantu too tyanna fakt yogya tech karnyasathi "kaaran" kinwa "nirdharit" karoo shakat nahee. kaaran jarr tyane asey kele, tarr shevati teey lakshaniyaritya mukt naheet; jeey yogya aahe teey teey "muktapane" karat naheet. naitik changle" karnyas saksham prani tayar karnyasathi, tyane naitik white karnyas saksham prani tayar kele pahijet; aanee too yaa pranyanna white krutye karnyache swatantrya deu shakat nahee aanee tyach velee tyanna tase karnyapasoon rokhu shakat nahee. durdaivane, devane nirman kelelya kahee mukt pranyanpaiki tyanchya swatantryacha vapar kartana chukiche ghadale; haah naitik vaitatecha srot aahe. tathapi, mukt prani kadhikadhi chukiche hotat hii vastusthiti devachya sarvashaktichya viruddha kinwa tyachya changulpanachya viruddha nahee; kaaran too keval naitik changalyachi shakyata kadhoon naitik white ghadane rokhu shakala asata.
plantingacha yuktivad assa aahe qee jaree dev sarvashaktiman asala taree, naitik changle asalele jug nirman karane tyachya samarthyat navhate parantu naitik white navhate heey "shakya" aahe; mhanoon, jevha dev purnapane changla asala taree, white karane karane mukt pranyanche jug tayar karato tevha tyat konatihi tarkik visangati samavisht nasate. haah yuktivad khaleel prastavanvar avalambun aaheh
ropan heey pahilya vidhanala "libnizchi chook" asey sambodhate kaaran leibniz yanni yachya ulat gruhit dharale hote. dusra prastav adhik vadgrast aahe. plantingane swatantryachi susangat kalpana nakarli aahe, jyamadhye dev thet agentsna tyanchya swatantryacha tyag naan karata keval changle karnyas pravrutt karoo shakato. jaree devane jarr asey jug nirman kele, kinwa ropanchya shabdat, jithe prani keval changle karatat, teey jug "jordarpane pratyakshat aanale", taree teey ekhadya jivanachya swatantryachya viruddha asale taree sarvadnyani dewala ajunahi mahit asel qee konatya paristhitit prani chukiche hotil. asha prakare, dev asha paristhiti nirman karane talhu shakato, jyamule keval naitik kalyan asalelya jagachi 'kamkuvatpane purtata' houu shakate. ropan karnyacha mahattvacha yuktivad assa aahe qee hii shakyata dewala upalabdh nasel kaaran serve sambhavya naitikdrushtya mukt prani 'transworld deprevity' neey grast aahet.
asha prakare planting assa yuktivad karatat qee serve mukt manav transworld dushtatene grast aahet heey gruhitak aapan nakaru shakat nahee. tyamule heey gruhitak, aaplyala maheet asalelya serve goshtinsathi, kharey asoo shakate. aanee jarr teey kharey asel tarr asey jug asanyachi shakyata nakarli jaeel jyamadhye manav mukt nivad karato, parantu nehmi changlya paddhatine vagato. mhanoon, jarr heey gruhitak nakarta yet nasel, tarr heey darshavate qee dushtateche astitva, shevati, paramparik gunadharmansah devachya astitvashi susangat aahe. (heey yaa tattvatun jaate qee, jarr p aanee itar kahee prastav r (p shhee susangat) chey sanyojan q asel, tarr p haah q shhee susangat aahe. asha prakare, jarr sarvashaktiman, sarvadnya aanee purnapane paropkari devache astitva, transworld deprevitychya gruhitkasah, white astitva samavisht karate (aanee jarr transworld deprevity gruhitak teen paramparik gunansah devachya astitvashi susangat asel), tarr asha devache astitva white astitvashi susangat aahe.) 
swagat.
bethel vidyapithatil tattvadnyanache pradhyapak chaad meister yanchya matey, bahutek tatvadnya ropan karnyachya swatantryacha bachav swikartat aanee asha prakare white yaa tarkik samasyeche purese khandan kele gele aahe asey manatat. robbert edams mhanatat qee "rope lavnyane hii samasya sodavali aahe asey mhanane yogya aahe. mhanjech, tyane dev aanee dusht yanchya susangatatesathi khatrishirpane yuktivad keela aahe."vilyam alstonne mhatale aahe qee" ropan... dev nehmich yogya kaam kaam mukt pranyancha samavesh asalelya jagachi kalpana karoo shakat nahee ashee shakyata tyane prasthapit kelee aahe."william ell. roway yanni lihile aahe qee, "visangati manya kelee, dushtateche astitva heey ishwarvadi devachya astitvashi tarkikdrushtya susangat aahe yaa drushtikonasathi eka eka jordar yuktivad aahe", joou ropan kelelya yuktivadakade nirdesh karato.
devatambaddal vaad ghalatana", graham oppi eka asahmati mandato, heey manya karat qee "[emm] konatyahi tattvadnyanna asey vatate qee [ropan swatantrya-ichchhashakticha bachav] mckeyne vikasit kelelya white goshtinpasun 'tarkik' yuktivadanche prakar purnapane nasht karato" parantu pudhe chaloo thevun "mallah khatri nahee qee heey khelachya sadhyachya sthitiche yogya moolyankan aahe". virodhi, aaa. shhee sahmat. emm. weisberger lihitat qee, "lokpriy aastik matanchya ulat, yuktivadache tarkik swaroop ajunahi jiwant aanee dadapshahiche aahe."samkalin tattvadnyanmadhye, sadhya white samasyevarchi bahutek charcha white yaa" "spasht" samasyekade firate, mhanje devache astitva atarkik nasoon ashakya aahe ".
mckeyne 'daad mirekal auph theism' madhye yuktivad keela hota, qee transworld deprevityche plantingache gruhitak nakarle jaau shakate aanee kele pahije. manav nirmiti kartana dewala tyanchyapashi asoo asoo maryadit sambhavya sarancha samna karava lagato yaa gruhitkavar teey avalambun asate. visheshtah, tyala asey konatehi saar upalabdh nahee jeey asey aahe qee teey mukt manvi agentche aahe aanee teey transworld dushtatene grast nahee. pann sarvashaktiman dewala asha maryadit pramanat saar qaa upalabdh asoo shakatat? yache kaaran asey asoo shakat nahee qee, nirman jhalelya manvi pratinidhine nehmich yogyaritya vagane tarkikdrushtya ashakya aaheh susangatatavadi asalyashivayahi, aapan assa yuktivad karoo shakato qee, jyachyakade paryay aahet, parantu jyacha cull aahe asha tayar kelelya pratinidhichya kalpanet konatahi virodhabhas nahee. parantu jarr asey saar asane tarkikdrushtya ashakya nasel, jyadvare dev manwala daan karoo shakel, tarr dewala (joou, lakshat thewa, sarvashaktiman nirmata aahe) tyala upalabdh asalelya sambhavya manvi saranchya vyaptibabat konatyahi maryadecha samna kassa karava lagel?
"vaiyaktik saranchi sankalpana jaree jaree asey asale taree teey manya karate... mahattvachya arthane swatantrya heey karanatmak nirdharvadashi susangat nahee, tarihi ekhadi vyakti ashee asoo shakate qee tee pratyek vishisht paristhitit muktapane haah marg kinwa too marg nivdel. heey lakshat gheta, aanee serve tarkikdrushtya shakya asalelya srushti tattvanchi aniyantrit shreni dilee jyatoon sarvashaktiman aanee sarvadnya dev konachi nirmiti karayachi heey nivadanyas swatantra asel... swatantra ichchhashaktichya sanrakshanabaddalchi majhi mool teeka changli aaheh jarr assa dev asata, tarr tyachyasathi asha pranyanchi nirmiti karane khule asate qee teey nehmi muktapane changlya goshti nivadatil."(mackie," ishwarvadacha chamatkar ", pru. 174)
atirikt aakshep aanee pratisad.
swatantra ichchecha visangat drushtikon.
plantingachya yuktivadavar teeka karnare, jase qee tatvadnyani antoney fly yanni uttar dile aahe qee teey swatantra ichchebaddalache swatantryavadi, visangat drushtikon (swatantra ichcha aanee nirdharvad heey aadhyatmikdrushtya visangat aahet) gruheet dharatat, tarr tyanche mutt heey swatantra ichchebaddalache susangat drushtikon aahe (swatantra ichcha aanee nirdharvad, mug teey bhautik asso kinwa daivi, aadhyatmikdrushtya susangat aahet). susangatatavadi lokanche mutt asey aahe qee dev naitik changle parantu naitik white nasalele jug nirman karoo shakala asata. asha jagaat lock tyanchya serve nivadi purvaniyojit asalya taree keval changli kaame karane nivadu shakale asate.
ropan heey susangatata nakarte, "haah aakshep" asey namood karate... purnapane avishvasaniy vatate. turungat asane mhanje aekhadyache swatantrya kharokharach maryadit karat nahee, yaa aadharavar qee jarr konee turungat nasate, tarr too tyachya ichchhenusar yeey-jaa karnyas mukt asato, assa dawa dekhil keela jaau shakato.
transworld dushtata.
jug kamkuvatpane pratyakshat aananyachya ropan karnyachya kalpanekade, dev jagacha eka upasanch pratyakshat aanat aahe, jivanchya mukt nivadimule jug purn houu dete asey pahile jaau shakate. tyamule, ekhadi vyakti keval naitikdrushtya changlya nivadi karoon jug purn karoo shakate heey nishchitach shakya aahe; mhanje, asey sambhavya jug astitvat aahe jithe ekhadi vyakti muktapane konatehi naitik white naan karane nivadte. tathapi, asey asoo shakate qee asha pratyek jagasathi, kahee naitikdrushtya mahattvapoorn paryay aahet qee jarr yaa paristhiti vastavik jagaat ghadalya tarr hii vyakti vegalya paddhatine karel. karel shabdant, asha pratyek sambhavya jagaat eka 'jaagtik vibhag' asato, jyacha arth tyaa jagabaddal sarvkahi aahe, jyaparyant qee tyaa vyaktine tee gambhir nivad kelee pahije, mhanje jarr too vibhag vastavik jagacha bhag asel tarr tyaeivaji tee vyakti teey jug purn karnyat chook karel. aupcharikpane, 'transworld deprevity' chee vyakhya khalilpramane kelee aaheh
qamee aupcharikah serve sambhavya (vastavik nahee) jagacha vichar qaraa jyamadhye konitari nehmich adhikar nivadato. yaa sarvanmadhye, jagacha eka upbhag asel joou mhanato qee tee vyakti ekhadi vishisht yogya kinwa chukichi krutee nivadanyas swatantra hotee, parantu tyanni tee nivadali qee nahee heey sangat nahee. jarr too upbhag vastavik (vastavik jagaat) asel tarr teey chukichi nivad kartil.
plantingane uttar dile qee "transworld dushtatechya kalpanemadhye jeey mahattvache aahe teey mhanje jarr ekhadi vyakti tyapasoon grast asel tarr tee vyakti lakshaniyaritya mukt aahe parantu konatihi chook karat nahee asha konatyahi jagache vastav ghadavane devachya samarthyachya aat navhate-mhanje, eka asey jug jyamadhye too naitik changle nirman karato parantu naitik white nahee" aanee pratyek vyakti transworld dushtatene grast asane tarkikdrushtya "shakya" aahe.
leibnies laps'.
plantingane 'dev, swatantrya aanee dusht' madhye lihile aahe qee jeey. ell. sarvashaktiman aanee sarvashaktiman asalyane dev sahajpane serve shakya jaganpaiki sarvottam nirman karoo shakel assa aakshep mckeyne mandala aahe. too assa tark karato qee asey jug asey asel jyamadhye serve manav tyanchya swatantryacha vapar keval changalyasathi karatat-jeey teey karat naheet. tyamule, mukt ichchhashaktiche sanrakshn ayashasvi hote. plantingane mckeychya tarkatil done truti darshavoon pratisad deela, jyala too ektritpane german tatvadnyani goatfried wilheim leibniz yanchya gairsamjanvar avalambun asalyamule libnizchi chook mhanato. pahili ashee dharana aahe qee dev manavanna tyanchya swatantra ichchecha vapar keval changalyasathi karnyas bhag padu shakato, joou eka antarnihit virodhabhas aahe, kaaran jarr asey asate tarr tyanchya krutee aata mukt rahnar naheet. dusare mhanje, label lavane hii kalpana aahe qee serve sambhavya jagamadhye eka 'sarvottam' aahe-jug kitihi changle asale taree, tyat nehmich kiman aanakhi eka changli vyakti asoo shakate, mhanoon 'sarvottam' chee kalpana visangat aahe.
molinism.
ropachya mukt ichchechya sanrakshanat sambhavya jagavar laksh kendrit kelyane nakalat madhyam dnyanachya molinist siddhantala punha shodh lagla-manvi swatantryachya prati-tathyanche dnyan, jyamule molinismchya hitasathi punarujjivan hote. lui dii molinachya 'concordia' chya kahee bhaganche prathamach ingerjit bhashantar karnyat aale. molinism keval white samasyesathich navhe tarr avtar, prapti, prathna, swarg aanee narak, krupetil chikati ityadinsathi dekhil lagoo keela gela.

