aatmasanmanachi chalval

aatmasanmanachi chalval hii dakshin bharatat suru jhaleli eka chalval aahe, jyacha uddesh shoshit jaatinna samaan manavadhikar asalela samaj sadhya karane aanee magas jaatinna, tyanna padanukramacha khalcha bhag bhag jaatee-aadharit samajachya sandarbhat aatmasanman rakhanyas protsahit karane haah aahe. yachee sthapana 1925 madhye ess. ramanathan jyanni eae. laa aamantrit kele. vhee. bharatatil tamilanadumadhye brahmanvadachya virodhat aandolanala netrutva karnyasathi ramsami (jyala tyache anuyayi periyar mhanoonahi olakhatat). hii chalval keval tamilanadumadhyech navhe tarr paradeshat maleshiya aanee singapursarkhya mothya tamil loksankhya asalelya deshanmadhyehi atyant prabhavshali hotee. singapurchya bharatiyanmadhye, tamil sudharana sanghatanesarkhe gut aanee tamilvel jee. yanchyasarkhe nete. shaala aanee prakashananchya madhyamatoon sthanik tamil lokanmadhye aatmasanmanachya chalvalichi tattve vadhavanyat sarangpani pramukh hote.
dravid munetra kazhagam (dmk) aanee akhil bharatiy ann dravid munetra kazhagam (aadmk) yasarkhe tamilanadutil anek rajkiy paksh, tyanchya utpattiche shrey aatmasanmanachya chalvalila detat, nantarche 1972 madhye dmkpasoon vegale jhaale. donhi paksh samanyatah samajik lokshahi drushtikon asalele loklubhavan aahet.
aatmasanmanachi tattve.
jarr manushyamadhye "aatmasanman" vikasit jhaala tarr too aapoaap vyaktimatva vikasit karel aanee yojnakaranchya nakane chalavanyas nakar deil, ashee ramasamila khatri patali hotee. aatmasanmanababatche tyanche sarvat prasiddha uddharan hote, "jevha 'shreshth' aanee 'kanishth' jaatichi kalpana aaplya deshatoon kadhoon takali jaate tevhach aapan 'aatmasanmanacha' vichar karnyas patra aahot".
yaa chalvalitun vaiyaktik kinwa bhautik laabh milanyachi ramsamila apeksha navhati. eka manus mhanoon, heey kaam nivadanyacha adhikar aanee swatantrya asalyane, teey dekhil yaa kartvyache palan karnyas bandhil hote, heey teey atishay anaupacharikpane aathavat asat. tyamule tyanni chalval suru karnyat aanee teela protsahan denyat swatahla guntavoon thevanyacha nirnay ghetala.
keval 'aatmasanmanachi chalval' hii kharee swatantrya chalval asoo shakate aanee vaiyaktik aatmasanmanashivay rajkiy swatantrya faldayi honar nahee, asey periyar yanni jaheer kele. tathakathit 'bharatiy swatantryasainik' aatmasanmanacha anadar karat aahet aanee heey kharokharach eka tarkaheen tatvadnyan aahe, asey tyanni namood kele.
gandhi aanee jawaharlal nehru aanee itaransarkhya rashtravadyanni kalpana kelelya rajkiy swatantryat vaiyaktik aatmasanmanacha samavesh nahee, asey tyanche nirikshan hote. gandhijinchya swatantryachya sankalpanecha bhag asalelya hindu dharmachya mool bhavaneche aanee pracheen paramparanche punarujjivan, kinwa neharujinni swatantryacha arth manalelya british rajvatipasun sampoorn mukti, kinwa donhi miloon vaiyaktik aatmasanmanachi kinwa bharatiy samajatoon samajik white goshtinche uchchatan sunishchit karoo shakale nahee. tyanchya matey, aatmasanmanachi garaj purn karnyachya karyala rajkiy swatantryachi vyapti kitihi asali taree samore jaave lagel. sarvbhoum swatantra rashtratil british samratalahi tyachya pasantichya vyaktishi lagn karnyache swatantrya navhate aanee tyala tyache rajya sodave lagale, yakade laksh vedhoon ramasamy yanni gandhijinchya swatantryachya drushtikonat kinwa neharujinchya swatantryachya sankalpanet vaiyaktik aatmasanmanacha eka anshahi aahe qaa assa prashna upasthit keela.
aatmasanman haah jivaitkach maulyavan aahe aanee tyache sanrakshn haah janmasiddh adhikar aahe, swaraj ('rajkiy swatantrya') nahee, asey ramasamy yanche mutt hote. tyanni yaa chalvaliche varnan 'arivu vidutlai iyakkam' mhanje buddhila mukt karanyachi chalval asey kele.
taan-manam' kinwa 'suya mariyadai' mhanje 'aatmasanman' yaa sandnya pracheen tamil sahityat aadhaltat, jeey tamil samajatil uchch shauryache guna manale jaatat. ramasamy yanni ekada assa dawa keela hota qee tyanchya chalvalichya vichardhareche varnan karnyasathi, sampoorn jagatil konatahi shabdakosh kinwa bhasha 'suya mariyadai' peksha changla kinwa samaan shabd deu shakat nahee.
tarksangat vartanas protsahan denyasathi eka chalval (tamilmadhye "iyakkam"; "dravida iyakkam") mhanoon suru jhalelya aatmasanmanachya chalvalila alpavadhitach adhik vyapak arth midala. emm. periyar yanchyashi bolat aahe.keey. 1929 madhye jhalelya pahilya aatmasanmanachya parishadet reddine aatmasanmanache mahatva aanee tyachi tattve spasht kelee. samajatil aatmasanmanachya chalvalichi mukhya tattve ashee hotih lokanmadhye konatyahi prakarchi asamanata nasavi; aarthik jeevanat shrimant aanee garib assa konatahi farak nasava; purush aanee mahilanna serve babatit matbhedanshivay samaan manale jaave; jaatee, dharm, varn aanee desh yanchyashi asalele sambandh jagbharatil prachalit maitri aanee ektesah samajatoon nasht kele jaave; pratyek manushya tark, samajootdarpana, ichcha aanee drushtikonatun karya karoo ichchit asel aanee konatyahi prakarchya kinwa paddhatichya gulamgirichya adheen nasava.
aarthik aanee samajik samanatevar bharr bharr samanatemule 'aatmasanman chalvali' chaa madhyavarti vishay banala aanee jaatee vyavasthet tasech kahee dharmik paddhatinmadhye rujalelya asamantanshi ladhanyachya ramsamichya drudhanishchayamule too jhaala. dharm aanee karmachya navakhali kelya kelya ghrunaspad samajik prathanpasun samajala mukt karnyachya sankalpanevar kaam karat, ramsami yanni aapale uddisht sadhya karnyasathi heey aandolan sadhan mhanoon sthapit karanyachi kalpana vikasit kelee.
brahmanvadavirodhi.
ramasamy heey brahmanvirodhi hote. ramsami yanchi brahmanvirodhi vichardhara itaki kattarpanthi hotee qee jaatee vyavasthechi akhandata kayam kayam eka bigger-brahmanakade brahmanvadache samarthak mhanoon pahile jaat asey. ramsami yanni brahman aanee bigger-brahman yaa doghannahi brahmanvad kadhoon takanyache aavahan kele. jatipratha nasht karnyasathi brahmananna door karane mahattvache aahe, assa davahi ramsamine anek prasangi keela. 1973 madhye, tyanni brahmananna thaar maranyache aanee tyanchi ghare ekapeksha jaast vela jaalanyache aavahan kele; jyamule bharatache tatkalin pantpradhan jawaharlal nehru yanna keey. tyaveli madras rajyache (tamilanadu) mukhyamantri asalele kamraj yanni tyanna vilamb naan karata heey prakaran hatalanyache aavahan kele. 1973 madhye karaikudi yethe kelelya bhashanat 'tamil brahmananna thaar maranyache' dravidian rashtravadiche aavahan 21 vya shatkat pradeshik pakshankadun aajahi pratidhvanit hote. too anek narsamharatmak vidhane karat asey, "jarr tumhala saap aanee brahman disale tarr aadhi brahmanala maaraa", tyachya ugravadi vidhananmule tyachya chalvalila lokancha pathimba gamvava lagla. 
1920 madhye jevha nyay paksh sattet aala, tevha sarkarmadhil sumare 70 takke uchch stariy padanvar brahmananni kabja keela. nyay pakshane aarakshan lagoo kelyanantar, tyane haah cull badalala, jyamule bigger-brahmananna madrasachya adhyakshapadachya sarkarmadhye udayas yeu dile. sarkari sarkari, nyaypalika aanee madras vidyapithavar loksankhyechya keval 3 takke asalelya brahmananchya varchasvachya asantulanachya virodhat ramasamy bolale. 1930 chya dashkaparyant qalaa aanee vyavsayik mahavidhyalayanmadhil bahusankhya vidyarthi brahman nasale taree tyanni hii vichardhara chaloo thewali. rojgarachya babatit, 1928 madhye rajpatrit brahman brahman ekoon sankhya 620 hotee. ekoon sumare 80,000 sarkari sarkari sumare 15,000 brahman hote. 
rajagopalachari yanchi hatya karnyachya dii. keey. chya sadasyachya prayatnababat ramasamy yanni, "rajkiy matbhed mitavanyache sadhan mhanoon hinsacharacha tiraskar vyakt keela". parantu anekjan asey suchavatat qee, bigger-brahman chalvalichi moolye spashtapane brahmanvirodhi hotee.
hinduvirodhi.
alpasankhyakanmadhil tyanchya kathit atyachari lokanvaril dveshavyatirikt, ramsami heey hinduvirodhihi hote. 1953 madhye, periyar yanni ganesh moorti apavitra karnyasathi aandolane aayojit kelee. 1953 madhye tyanni eka bhashanat mhatale hote qee, "aaplyala shoodra, nimn janm asalele lock aanee itar kahee uchch janmalele brahman mhanoon chitrit parinam sansthesathi jababdar asalelya devanche aaplyala uchchatan karave lagel... aaplyala yaa devanchya moorti fodavya lagtil. mea ganeshane suruvat karato kaaran konatehi kaam haatee ghenyapurvi tyachich pooja kelee jaate.paula richman tyachya upkramanparyantchya ghatanancha tapasheel detoh" 1956 madhye augustchya pahilya divashi, udaa. vhee. ramasamy (aatapasoon eae.vhee.aar.) aaplya anuyayanna ramayanachya nayak bhagwan ramachya jalatya chitranmadhye gheuun jaanyasathi madarsa marinakade nighala. hii pratikatmak krutee uttar bharatiy ramayanatil sadarikarananchya parinamachya ulatya parinamache pratinidhitva karel, jyamadhye mahakavyatil khalnayak ravanachya pratima, prekshak anandane pahat asatana, jwalanmadhye takalya jaatat.rajkiy netyanni haah karyakram radd karanyachi periyar yanna vinanti kashee kelee jenekarun rudhivadi hindu tamil lokanna dukhapat houu naye, parantu periyar anbhidnya rahile, heey namood karat," "samajik sudharana aananyachya uddeshane konatyahi upayayojanambabat matbhed asane nishchit hote". hote" utsavadarmyan dillitil ramalila virodh karnyasathi ravan leela sajari karane hii ramsamidware raam chitre jaalanyachi krutee hotee, tyancha yuktivad assa hota qee ramayanane dravidian 'shudran', tamil moolchya ravnavar aary varchasva kayam rakhanyacha prayatna keela. 
aatmasanmanache vivah.
aatmasanmanachya chalvalidware suru karnyat aalelya pramukh samajik badalanpaiki eka mhanje aatmasanmanachi vivah pranali, jyamadhye brahman pujaridware adhikrut naan karata vivah kele jaat asat. periyar yanni tatkalin paramparik vivahanna keval aarthik vyavastha manale hote aanee anekada hunda deuun tyanchyavar mothe karj ladale hote. aatmasanmanachya chalvaline aantarjatiy vivahanna protsahan dile, vyavasthapit vivahanchya jaagi jaatine maryadit nasalelya premvivahanna protsahan dile.
aatmasanmanachya lagnachya samarthakanni assa yuktivad keela hota qee tatkalin paramparik vivah brahmanandware kele jaat hote, jyanna paise dyave lagat hote aanee vivah sohala sanskratmadhye hota joou bahutek lokanna samjat navhata aanee mhanunach teey vidhee aanee pratha aandhale palnavar aadharit hote.
aatmasanman chalvaliche pravartak assa yuktivad karatat qee, tirukkural kinwa akanunuru sarkhya sangam sahityat, jyat sangam kalatil tamilanchya jivanshailiche varnan aahe, thalicha konatahi sandarbh nahee. brahmanancha samavesh asalele hindu vivah samarambh heey tamil lokanchya jivanavar brahmanvadacha prabhav vadhavanyasathi tulanene alikadech suru karnyat aalelya pratha asalyacha yuktivad keela jaato.
1928 pasoon aatmasanmanachya vivahanchi pratha asali taree, suruvatila yaa vivahanmadhye keval keval kamatarata hotee, tarr hindu vivah karyakram aanee samarambhanche palan kele jaat hote. konatyahi hindu samarambhapasun purnapane vanchit asalela pahila aatmasanmanacha vivah mhanje 8 december 1929 roji periyarchya adhyakshatekhali, pratishthit aatmasanman chalvaliche lekhak kuthusi gurusamy aanee aanakhi eka pramukh nete kunjidham yancha vivah. aatmasanmanachya chalvaline vidhva punarvivahalahi protsahan dile. balvivahachi prachalit pratha aanee atyant nikrusht aarogya suvidhanmule, tatkalin samajat vidhavanchi sankhya mothee hotee. shivgami ammaiyarsarkhya mahilanna, jyanna 11 varshe vayachya vidhva houu shakat hotee, tyanna aatmasanman chalvalichya vidhva punarvivah tattvandvare jivandan denyat aale. parinami, aatmasanmanachya chalvaline anek mahilanna aakarshit kele.
tamilanadu heey pahile rajya banale (tyanantar yuu.tii. 1971 madhye pudducherry) brahman brahman aayojit hindu vivahanna kayadeshir manyata dene. 1967 chya madras vidhansabha nivadanukit dii. emm. keey. neey satta midavali tevha see. emm. annadurai yanni swakshari keleli hii pahili file hotee. annadurai yanni periyar yanchyakade niyamacha masuda pathavala aanee tyanchya soochanenusar kayadyachya majkurat 'aanee' kinwa 'badal keela jyamule vivahanmadhye thalee/mangalsutra aichchhik jhaale. heey hindu vivah kayada (madras durusti) kayada, 1967 mhanoon lagoo karnyat aale, jyamadhye kalam 7aii lagoo karnyat aale, jyamadhye mitra, natevaik kinwa itar konatyahi vyaktichya upasthitit maalaa kinwa angathi badaloon kinwa mangalsutra bandhun kinwa donhi pakshanna samajale qee teey ekmekanna aapala jodidar mhanoon swikartat asha bhashet ghoshana karoon suyamariyathai (aatmasanman) aanee tirthirutha (sudharak) vivahanna kayadeshir manyata denyat aalee. 27 november 1967 roji tamilanadu vidhansabhene haah kayada manjur keela aanee 17 janewari 1968 roji rashtrapatinni tyala manjuri dilee. 20 janewari 1968 roji rajpatrat yachee adhikrut ghoshana karnyat aalee. aatmasanman chalvalimule rajyat aantarjatiy aanee aantardharmiy vivahanchi sankhya vadhali aahe.
aatmasanmanachya chalvalitil mahila.
aatmasanman chalvalitil anek jativirodhi aanee tamil rashtravadi vichardharanvyatirikt, aatmasanmanachi chalval hii moolbhut, sakhol strivadi moolye asalyache dekhil vyapakpane manale jaate. laingik sambandh heey brahman pitrusattakatepasun sakriyapane vegale jhaale hote aanee mahilanchya sharirik, laingik aanee punarutpadak nivadivaril adhikar sajare kele gele. periyarchya samajachya pratimananusar, mahilanna garbhanirodhak aanee kayamswarupi janmaniyantran upayanchihi parvanagi dilee gelee. heey asha velee ghadale jevha gandhinsarkhya netyanchya vicharanchya prabhavakhali janmaniyantranababatche vyapak rashtriy charchasatra, janmaniyantranacha jawaljawal ekmatane nishedh karnare hote. mahilanna jodidar nivadanyacha tasech tyanna ghatasfot denyacha aanee punarvivah karnyacha adhikar denyat aala hota. dharmik shraddhandvare vidhvepanachi shiksha kelee jaat nasey. laingik shreni aanee bhoomika nasht karnyache samarthan karoon vishamalingi bhagidariche aamulagra rupantar jhaale; gharguti kamachi devanghevan, baal sangopan heey serve samanata aanee samajseva yanchya madhyamatoon premache marg hote.
yaa kalpananni serve kshetratil anek mahilanna yaa chalvalikade aakarshit kele. mahilanmadhye majee veshya, majee devdasi, majuri majur, doctor aanee shikshakancha samavesh hota. yaa chalvalitil mahilanni darubandiche samarthan karane, gharguti hinsacharatun vachalelyanna pathimba dene aanee mandirvirodhi veshyavyavasay (devdasi pranali) yasarkhya mahilanvar sarvat jaast parinam parinam muddyanvar kaam kele. matra, heey teey keval samasyepurate maryadit navhate. udaharanarth, 1930 chya dashkatil hindivirodhi andolananna chalvalitil mahilanni mothya pramanat pratinidhitva dile. 11 september 1938 roji madarsat ramamrutam ammaiyar, narayani ammaiyar, vaa yanchyasah anek mahila hotya. baa. thamaraikanni ammaiyar, munnagara azgiar aanee ekoon 73 mahilanna nishedh kelyabaddal atak karnyat aalee. yapaiki 37 mahila tyanchya balansah turungat gelya.
veerammal aanee annai minambal shivraj yaa done dalit mahila yaa chalvaliche poshan karnyasathi aanee periyarche jawalche sallagar aanee mitra mhanoon mahattvachya hotya. annai minambal hii tee vyakti hotee jine pratham eae dile.vhee. ramsami, mhanje 'periyar' mhanje jyeshth kinwa shahana aanee veerammal, yaa topananavamule periyar yanna heey aandolan keval bigger-brahman jatinsathich navhe tarr dalit aanee aadivasinsathihi kase changle kaam karoo shakate yabaddal adhik gambhirpane vichar karnyas pravrutt kele asey mhatale jaate.

