tran rajvansh

tran rajvansh, (vhietnameeh нhā tran, chwnóm: чо) jyala tranche ghar dekhil mhanatat, heey eka vhietnami rajvansh hote, jyane 1225 teey 1400 paryant daee vhietvar rajya kele. samrat tran thaee tong jevha tyachya kaka tran thoney lii rajvanshacha padav kelyanantar sinhasanavar basala tevha rajvanshachi sthapana jhaali. tran rajvanshane teen mangol aakramanancha parabhav keela, visheshtah 1288 madhye bacha nadichya nirnayak ladhait. rajvanshacha antim samrat thioo day hota, jyala 1400 madhye, tyachya aajobanchya bajoone vayachya pachvya varshi, simhasana sodanyas bhag padale gele.
tranney chiinii barud sudharle, jyamule teey dakshinela vistaroon champala parabhoot karoo shakale aanee tyanche samrajyikaran karoo shakale. tyanni vhietanammadhye pahilyandach kagadi paishacha vapar karnyas suruvat kelee. vhietnami bhasha, qalaa aanee sanskratimadhye haah kaal suvarnayug manla jaat asey. yaa kalat naum sahityache pahile bhag lihile gele, tarr darbarat chiinii bhashebarobarach sthanik bhashetil vhietnami bhashecha pravesh sthapit karnyat aala. yamule vhietnami bhasha aanee olakh adhik vikasit aanee majboot karnyacha paya rachala gela.
itihas.
mool aanee paya.
tran kulatil purvaj, tran kinh, kinh 12 vya shatkachya suruvatila fujian prantatoon taee vhiet yethe sthalantarit jhaale. too tickmake gavat (aata america, naam dunh) sthayik jhaala aanee masemari karoon jagala. tyacha natoo tran lii (<unk>; 1151-1210) yaa bhagatil eka shrimant jamindar banala. tran leecha natoo, tran canh yane nantar tran rajvanshachi sthapana kelee. tran lii pasoon, tran kula shahee lii rajvanshachya anek sadasyanshi aantarvivah karoon lii kulabarobar sambandhit jhaale.
samrat lii kaao tongchya karkirdit anek pradeshik bandanchya ashant kalat, shahee yuvraj, lii somane tran leechya netrutvakhalil tran kulanchya pradeshat aashray ghetala. yaa kalat, yuvarajane 1209 madhye tran leachy mulgi tran thung dungshi lagn karnyacha nirnay ghetala. tyanantar, tran kulane samrat lii kaao tong aanee kraun prince lii samla tyanchi satta punarsanchayit karnyasathi aanee thang longla parat yenyasathi madat kelee. parinami, samratane tran kulatil anek sadasyanna shahee darbaratil pramukh padanvar niyukt kele, jase qee tooe trung tse, joou tran thungcha kaka hota aanee tran tuu khanh aanee tran tseva, jeey serve tran leeche putra hote. 1211 madhye lii kaao tongchya mrutyunantar yuvraj lii samla lii huitong mhanoon sinhasanavar basavanyat aale. toparyant shahee darbarat tran kulatil sthitee vadhu lagali.
rajkiy sankatachya kalavadhinantar, barach kaal manasikdrushtya aajari asalela samrat lii huetong yane akheris chandra dindarshikechya aktoobar 1224 madhye lii rajvanshache simhasana rajkumari lii chiu hongla mukutavar basavanyacha nirnay ghetala. vayachya keval sahaa vya varshi sinhasanavar chadhatana, lii chiu hongne shahee rakshakachya senapati, tran thoychya prabhavi prabhavakhali rajya kele. maharani rajvatdaranchya sevakanchihi nivad rananni kelee hotee; tyapaiki eka tyacha 7 varshancha putanya ranan hota.
jevha tran canhane tran thonla sangitale qee maharani rajgharanyala tyachyabaddal prem aahe asey disate, tevha tran kulatil netyane lagechach lii rajvansh ulthoon taknyacha aanee tyachya swatachya kulane rajya kelele naveen rajvansh sthapan karnyacha cutt aakhanyasathi hii sandhee ghenyacha nirnay ghetala. pratham tranney sampoorn tran kulala shahee rajvadyat halavale aanee tethe lii chiuu hong aanee tran conn yanchyat konatyahi mandarin kinwa lii shahee kutumbatil sadasyachya rupashivay gupt vivah aayojit keela. tyanantar, tyane shahee darbarat 'nyayanishtha' jaheer kelee aanee tee padd dharan karnyas asamarth aahe yaa karanastav lii cheeo hongla tichya naveen patila simhasana sopavale. asha prakare tran canhala ticha uttaradhikari mhanoon nivadanyat aale. parinami, lii rajvanshache 216 varshanche rajya sampale aanee baravya chandra mahinyachya (gregariyanah 31 december) 1225 chya pahilya divashi naveen tran rajvanshachi nirmiti jhaali.
lavkar chalane.
lii rajvanshachya patananantar, navyane sthapan jhalelya tran rajvanshacha tyachya rajkiy virodhakanni padav keela jaeel ashee bheeti tran thonla ajunahi hotee. mhanoon tyane lii shahee kutumbatil sadasyanna hatvane suru thewaleh pratham majee samrat lii huetang yala 1226 chya dahavya chandra mahinyat aatmahatya karnyas bhag padale gele, tyanantar lii shahee kutumbatil itar sadasyanchi 1232 chya aathvya chandra mahinyat tran thochya aadeshane hatya karnyat aalee.
tran thaee tong keval aath varshancha asatana sinhasanavar basala. tyaa velee thaee vhietmadhye anek bandkhori jhaali hotee, tyamule thann thonla shahee darbarat aanee deshbharat thaee tonagche rajya majboot karnyasathi tyache serve prayatna karave lagale. 1226 madhye samratachya rajyabhishekanantar lagechach, guyen noen aanee doen thuang yanni book giang aanee havee duang yaa dongral pradeshat bund kele. sainya pathvane aanee bandkhoranchya done netyanna rajkumar (wong) hii padvi deuun, sainya aanee mutsaddi asha donhi upayayojananni, 1229 madhye heey bund dadapun taknyas raja saksham jhaala.
taee vhiet qee toen thu" nusar, thaee tong aanee tyachi patni, maharani chiu thann yanna kahee kaal tyancha pahila mulga jhaala nahee. yaa paristhitimule mahasanghache kulpati chintet padale kaaran samrat lii hutongchya samatulya paristhiticha fayda tyanna lii rajvanshacha padav karnyat jhaala hota. mhanoon, 1237 madhye tran thonne, thaee tonagcha motha bhau rajkumar hoee tran liu yala, teen mahinyansathi tran kwalk khangchi garbhavati asatana, tyachi patni, rajkumari thun theonla samratasathi sodoon denyas bhag padanyacha nirnay ghetala. lagnanantar, thuan thienla tran rajvanshachi naveen samradnyi mhanoon patra tharvanyat aale, tarr chiu thanla rajkumari mhanoon khalee utaravanyat aale.
aaplya bhavakadun aapali garbhavati patni gamavalyane santapt jhalelya tran leune shahee kutumbachya virodhat bund kele. darmyan, thaee tongla paristhitibaddal pashchattap jhaala aanee kautumbik kalah talhanyasathi tyane kwang ninhmadhil yeena tonn parvatavar sadhu bananyacha nirnay ghetala. akheris, thanney jordarpane, tarihi yashasvipane thanla sinhasanavar parat yenyasathi patvoon dile aanee tran lioola tyachya najuk shaktisobat ubhe rahoo shakat nahee assa nirnay ghetalyanantar sharanagati patkaravi lagali. yaa bandat sahbhagi jhalele serve sainik marle gele; agadi tran leeyucha shirachchhedahi karayacha hota, parantu thaee tongne tyala thambavale.
mangol aakraman.
1257 madhye, done dashakanhun adhik kaal teey jyaa song rajvanshashi ladhat hote tyaa rajvanshachya virodhat dakshinekadil aaghadi ughadanyachya uddeshane thaee vhietvar pahile mangol aakraman suru karnyat aale. pashchimekadun dakshinekadil ganyala vedha ghalanyasathi mangolanni aadhich aadhunik kalatil sichuanche kahee bhag aanee aadhunik kalatil yunnanmadhil dally rajya jinkale hote. tran thaee tongne tyachya pradeshatoon paradeshi sainyachya atikramanacha virodh keela aanee tyamule mangol sainyala rokhanyasathi hattinvar sainik pathavale. hattinvar chadhalelya sainikanna sharpshootarni hattinna lakshya karoon parabhoot kele. aadhichya lii rajvanshachya tulanet, tranne tyanche sashastr sainya balkat kele hote aanee tyamule teey mangolanche halle rokhanyat adhik prabhavi hote.
yuddhachya suruvatila, aashiyatil eka vishal kshetra aadhich jinkalelya prachand sainyachya hatoon thaee vhiet sainyala anek parabhav bhogave lagale. tran rajvanshache anek uchch padasth adhikari itake ghabarale hote qee thaee tongcha dhakata bhau rajkumar tran nahat hioo yane samratala asehi suchavale qee teey kadachit dye vhietpasoon song rajvanshat paloon jaatil.
eka rajkumar aanee rajdhani gamavalyanantar tran thaee tongne mangolanna sharanagati patkarali. 1258 madhye, tranney niyamit rajnaitik sambandh suru kele aanee mangol darbarabarobar upanadi sambandh prasthapit kele, tyanna ganyashi asalele sambandh naan sodata, teey dakshinekadil song rajvanshachya barobariche manale.
kublai khaan pahilya aakramanachya shevati jhalelya vyavasthebaddal asamadhani hota aanee tyane mangolanna paisa aanee shram yaa donhi prakaratil curr, dhoop, sone, chandi, dalchini, aggerwood, chandan, hastidant, kasavanche kavach, motee, gendyache shing, resheem floss aanee cheeni matiche cup, aanee mangol-niyukt 'darughachi' kadoon thet dekhrekh yasah adhik sahayak deyakanchi vinanti kelee. 1283 madhye, khubilai khanane tranla sandesh pathavala qee yuan sainyala tartudi aanee itar pathimbyachya maganisah, champa rajyavar hallah karnyasathi tran pradeshatoon yuan sainya pathvanyacha tyacha hetu aahe.
1284 chya baravya chandramahinyat, kublai khancha rajkumar toghon yachya netrutvakhali taee vhietvar dusare yuan aakraman suru karnyat aale. toghanane swatah uttarekadil simevarun payadal aakraman kele, tarr general sogetu yanchya netrutvakhali yuan naudal dakshin simevarun champa pradeshatoon pudhe sarkat, donhi bajunni too vhietvar hallah jhaala.
suruvatila, prince chiu minh tran kwang khaine tyachya sainyala nghen prantat sogetucha tafa thambavanyache aadesh dile tevha yuan sainyacha dabav talhanyasathi sainyala mage hatanyache aadesh tran thann tong aanee tran naan tong yanna dyave lagale. darmyan, anek uchch padasth adhikari aanee tran rajvanshachya shahee kutumbatil sadasya yuaanchya bajoone gele, jyat thann tongcha swatacha bhau, prince chiu kwalk (tran itch tock) aanee tran kn, joou prince tiin kwalkcha (tran kwak khang) mulga hota. tyanchya maghardarmyan thann tong aanee nann tongchi suraksha sunishchit karnyasathi, rajkumarila rajkumar togansathi bhet mhanoon aanee disha badalanyasathi eka tuu deu karnyat aale hote, tarr markis baao nghiya (tran biin trong) yala pakadanyat aale aanee nantar done samratancha bachav virodh daa mcchya ladhait thaar karnyat aale. dakshinekadil ganyavar nuktyach jhalelya mangolanchya vijayamule samkalin nirikshakanvar jhalelya lakshaniy parinamacha parinam mhanoon samoohik pakshantar jhaale, jyat mangolanni vhietnamvar vijay midvane anekanna apariharya vatale.
dakshin simevar, tran kwang khavila dekhil sogetuchya naudalachya dabavakhali aanee nghe anchya governorchya dalbadalamule maghar ghyavi lagali. 1285 chya chauthya chandramahinyat haam tonchya ladhait, jethe tran nahat duat, prince chiu thaan, tran kwak tonn aanee nguyen khoi yanchya netrutvakhalil sainya shevati general sogetuchya tafyala parabhoot karnyat saksham hote, tethe toghanane aaghadichya sainyasah maghar ghenyacha nirnay ghetalyanantar tran rajvanshachi hii gambhir paristhiti badaloo lagali. lagali pachvya chandramasachya dahavya divashi, tran kwang khavine chung dungmadhye nirnayak ladhai ladhali, jithe yuan naudal jawaljawal nasht jhaale hote aanee yuddhbhumitil santulan nishchitpane tran rajvanshachya bajoone jhukale hote. daha divasannantar sogetu marla gela aanee tran samrat naan tong aanee samrat emeritus thaan tong sahavya chandra mahinyachya sahavya divashi rajdhanit paratale, thang long, 1285.
1285 1398chya chandramase, yuan rajvanshane taee vhietvar tisare aakraman kele. yaveli, chya aakramanachya ulat, commander-inn-chief prince hang daao (tran kwak tuan) yane samratala aashvasan dile qee taee vhietche sainya yuan lashkari moheem sahajpane modu shakate. rajdhani tabyat ghetalyanantar aanee lutalyanantar, toghanane aaghadichya sainyasah maghar ghenyacha nirnay ghetala. ghetala 1398chya chandramasachya aathvya divashi bachdangchya ladhait yuan naudalachya vinashkari parabhavane heey aakraman kharokharach eka varshanantar sampale. tran kwak tuan vyatirikt, yaa kalat tran rajvanshache itar ullekhaneey senapati prince naan huen tran khaan du hote, jyanni wandonchya ladhait yuan naudalachya rasad tafyacha naash keela aanee general phaam nagulao, jyanni rajkumar toganchya maghar maghar sainyavar hallah karanyachi jababdari ghetali. mangol naudalachya nashanantar, taee vhiet aanee champa yaa doghanni yuan rajvanshache nammatra varchasva swikaranyacha aanee pudhil sangharsh talhanyasathi upanadi rajye mhanoon kaam karnyacha nirnay ghetala.
pradhyapak liam kelee yanni namood kele qee zao zhong aanee jhu zhongdao yansarkhe chinmadhil song rajvanshatil lock yaa ganyachya mangol aakramananantar tran rajvanshakade paloon gele aanee tranla mangol aakramanaviruddha ladhanyas madat kelee. tran rajvanshapramanech, daovadi dharmaguru jhu zongdaocha ugam fujiankadun jhaala. tyane mangolanchya aakramanachi nond kelee aanee mangolanna "uttarekadil darodekhor" asey sambodhale.
1314 madhye yuan darbaratil doot mohimeche pramukh nguyen trung ngan yanni tyanchya 'book suke khaoo aine dutch' yaa kavitet yuan rajvanshacha ullekh hoow (<unk>) assa keela, jyacha arth berber assa hotoh
hii jameen uttar aanee dakshin asha done bhagat vibhagali gelee aahe", "hoow aanee viate heey samaan chaliritinche bhau aahet". 
nantar, woo bojong tii. pii. (buub. 1334-dii. 1384) yanna vhietanammadhye ming rajdoot mhanoon pathvanyat aale. woone rongjinjimadhye lihile aahe qee jevha tyane tran samratala annamchya prakaranambaddal vicharale tevha tran shasak mhanala qee rajya ajunahi tang rajvansh aanee hahn rajvanshanchya chaliritinche palan karate.
, annamchya paristhitibaddal vichartana?"annam pratha yaa paramparik aahet" "chaddi", "kapade heey tangche manak aahet" "chaddi" "sangeet aanee sanskar heey hanchya darbarasarkhech aahet"
shantata aanee dakshinekade vistar.
teen aakramanantar, taee vhietche lock shevati tran aana tong, tran miin tong aanee tran haine tongchya karkirdit samruddhi aanee shantatechya dirgh kalavadhicha anand gheu shakale. mangol samrajyachya hallyancha samna naan karata rajya karnara aana tong haah pahila tran samrat hota. 1294 madhye tran kwang khaee aanee 1300 madhye tran kwak tuan yaa suruvatichya tran rajvanshachya done mahattvachya senapatincha mrutyu hounahi, samratala ajunahi tran nahat duaat, doen nhave, phaam ngu laao, trang hahn siu, mack dinh chee aanee nguyen trung ngan yasarkhya anek karyaksham mandari seva dett hote. antong haah jugar aanee bhrashtachar dadapanyat khoop kathor hota, parantu jyanni tyachi changli seva kelee tyanna tyane udarpane bakshisahi dile.
1306 madhye, champacha raja, chenane, vhietnami rajkumari hyuen transhey lagnachya badalyat vietnamla done chaam prant, oo aanee lii deu kele. aana tongne haah prastav swikarla, nantar prantache aanee lii prantache naav badaloon thuan prantache aanee hoa prantache kele. yaa done prantanna lavkarach ektritpane thuan hoa pradesh mhanoon sambodhale jaau lagale. lagnala keval eka varsh jhaale, tevha cheen maran pavala aanee champachya shahee paramparenusar, hyun tranver tichya patisobat antyasanskar honar hote. yaa tatadichya sthitila tond dett, aana tongne hyun tranla aasann mrutyupasoon vachavanyasathi tyache mandarin tran khuk chung champa yethe pathavale.
akheris hyuen tran taee vhietala parat yeu shakala, parantu cheencha uttaradhikari chee, aata taee vhietsobatchya shantata kararache palan karoo ichchit navhata. tyaa ghatanenantar, swatah aana taan, senapati tran kwak chaan aanee tran khaan du yanchyasah, 1312 madhye champa yanchyavar hallah karnyasathi taee vhiet lashkari tukadyanchya teen gatanna aadesh deela. yaa aakramanat chee parabhoot jhaala aanee pakadala gela aanee aana tanane nivadalela uttaradhikari sthapan keela, parantu tyanantar tyanantar kalasathi taee viate aanee champa yanchyatil sambandh tanale gele.
champa aakramane aanee ghasaran.
1357 madhye nivrutt samrat tran minh tongchya mrutyunantar, tran rajvansh tran dongchya karkirdit gondhalat padoo lagla. minh tongchya rajvatit vinamra aanee mehanati asatana, samrat dungchya karkirdit anek vilasi rajwade aanee itar sukhsoyinvar udhalpatticha kharch jhaala. tyaa velee lajirvane anand manale jaanare natyagruh, tongne shahee darbarat sadar kele. samrat pachvya chandra mahinyachya 25 vya divashi, 1369 madhye, tyachya bhavachya mulala niyukt kelyanantar, tyachya bhavachya mulachi niyukti kelyanantar, tyachya niyukt vyakticha mrutyu jhaala, jaree too tran kulatil navhata.
tyachya purvavartinpramanech, natt leey yane tyachya prashasakeey kartvyankade durlaksh kele aanee keval madyapan, natak aanee bhatkanyavar laksh kendrit kele. tyala tyache kautumbik naav punha dung asey badalayache hote. asha karvayanmule shahee darbaratil pratyekachi nirasha jhaali. yamule pantpradhan tran enguen track aanee tyacha mulga tran enguen tite yanna nahat leey yanchya hatyecha cutt rachanyas pravrutt kele, parantu tyancha cutt samratala sapadala aanee nantar tyanna thaar maranyat aale.
1370 chya dahavya chandramase, samratache sasare, raja, anek mandari aanee shahee kutumbatil sadasyancha sallah ghetalyanantar, nahat lecha padav karnyachya uddeshane sainya ubharanyacha nirnay ghetala. eka mahinyanantar, tyachi yojana yashasvi jhaali aanee tran fatt haah dye vhietcha naveen samrat banala, jyane tran nghetong mhanoon rajya kele, tarr natt leey yala duke auph hohn dack (hohn dack cong) asey khalee utaravanyat aale aanee nantar naghetongchya aadeshane tyala thaar maranyat aale.
honak cong mrutyunantar, tyachi aaee champalahi paloon gelee aanee raja cheng nagaa yala taee vhietvar hallah karanyachi vinavani kelee. tyachya tyachya rajkiy sthairyachya kamtaratecha fayda ghet, cheng bongane sainyache netrutva kele aanee thet thaee vhietchi rajdhani thang longvar hallah keela. tran sainya haah hallah sahan karoo shakale nahee aanee tran shahee darbarala thang longpasoon paloon jaave lagale, jyamule chang nagaa yanna maghar ghenyapurvi rajdhani hinsakpane lutanyachi sandhee nirman jhaali.
jhaali baravya chandramahinyat samrat tran duetongne vaiyaktikaritya champa viruddha lashkari mohimeche netrutva karnyacha nirnay ghetala. akheris, doo banchya ladhait taee vhietchya sainyachya vinashkari parabhavane hii moheem sampali, jevha samrat swatah, anek uchch-padavaril mandarin aanee tran rajvanshachya senapatinsah, chaam sainyane marle. duetongcha uttaradhikari, tran fete aanee nivrutt samrat ngeteng, daee vhietmadhil chey bong nagache konatehi aakraman mage khechanyat asamarth hote. parinami, cheng longmadhil shahee rajvadyavar cheng nagache sainya hallah karoon tyacha naash karoo shakel yaa bhitine, nghetongne long sanmadhye paise lapavanyacha nirnay ghetala. 1389 madhye general tran khaat chaan yanchi niyukti engthongne champa yanna thambavanyachi jababdari swikaranyasathi kelee hotee. 1390 chya pahilya chandramase, tran khaat chanane champa varr nirnayak vijay midavala, jyacha parinam mhanoon cheng nagacha mrutyu jhaala aanee taee vhietchya dakshin bhagat paristhiti sthir jhaali.
ghasaran.
tran nghetongchya karkirdit, hoow kyu lii, eka adhikari jyachya done mavashi minh tongchya patni mhanoon patra hotya, tyanchi shahee darbaratil sarvoch padanpaiki eka padavar niyukti karnyat aalee. samrat duetongchya mrutyoot tyacha sahbhag asoonahi, hoow culila ajunahi ngetongcha aatmavishvas hota aanee shahee darbarat adhikadhik satta midvinyasathi aala. darbarat hoow kyuichya naan naan vadhila tond dett, samrat tran phene mantri tran ngacsobat hoow kyuichi satta qamee karnyacha cutt rachala, parantu hoow qe leene samratachya virodhat manhani mohimedware haah cutt purvavat keela jyamule akheris engthengne tyachi jaaga tran thuan tangney ghenyacha nirnay ghetala aanee december 1388 madhye prince linah dackla phay downgrade kele. tran ngeingcha mrutyu baravya chandra mahinyachya 15 vya divashi, vayachya 73 vya varshi shahee darbar hoow kyuichya sampoorn niyantranat sodoon jhaala. tyane tran rajvanshachya prashasakeey aanee pariksha pranalinmadhye sudharana karnyas suruvat kelee aanee akheris janewari 1397 madhye thang longpasoon thaan hoaaparyant rajdhani badalanyas thuan tongla bhag padale.
padale 1398chya chandramasachya paurnimechya divashi, hoow kyu lii, thuan tongchya dabavakhali, tyala tyachya teen varshanchya mulala simhasana sopavave lagale, joou aata tran thioo day aahe, aanee vayachya keval 20 vya varshi nivrutt samrat hii padvi dharan kelee. tyachya rajinamyanantar keval eka varshanantar, thuan tangla hoow kyu leechya aadeshanusar thaar maranyat aale. hoow queene shahee darbaratil tyachya varchaswala virodh virodh 370 hoon adhik vyaktinna fashi denyas dekhil adhikrut kele, jyat anek pramukh mandarin aanee samratache natevaik aanee tyanchya kutumbancha samavesh aahe, jase qee tran khaat chaan, tran hang, phaam khavinh aanee lung guyen buu. chya chandra mahinyachya 28 vya divashi (gregariyanah 23 march) 1400 madhye, jevha hoow culine thioo decha padav karnyacha nirnay ghetala aanee hoow rajvansh yaa naveen rajvanshachi sthapana kelee, tevha tran rajvanshacha ant jhaala. hoow kyu leecha swatacha natoo asalyane, thiyucha tyachya vadilansarkha vadh honyaeivaji rajkumar baao ninh assa darja qamee karnyat aala. hoow cully yanni 940 chya sumaras, jyanche hoow kula cheen rajyat (aadhunik kalatil zhejiang, chean) ugam pavale hote, asha chenchya duke huu (tran hoow cong, cong pasoon vansh asalyacha dawa keela.
nantar tran.
1407 madhye ming rajvanshane hoow rajvanshavar vijay midvalyanantar, rajkumar tran ngola samrat ghoshit karnyat aale aanee tyane chiinii lokanviruddha tran nishthavant sainyache netrutva kele. tyacha tall pratham ninh biin prantat kendrit hota. tyane 1408 madhye ming sainyacha parabhav keela parantu dong kwan (hanoi) punha midvanyat too ayashasvi jhaala. antargat shuddhikaranamule, akheris tyache aakraman ayashasvi jhaale aanee tyala aine. jee. eae. aine. laa maghar ghyavi lagali. eka naveen samrat, trung kwang day, 1409 madhye senapatinni sthapit keela. 1413 madhye ming sainyane parabhoot honyapurvi nantarchya tranney dakshinekadil prant tabyat ghetale.
arthvyavastha aanee samaj.
lii rajvanshachya akheris ashant kalat mothya pramanat nuksan jhalelya deshachya arthvyavasthela punarsanchayit karnyasathi, samrat tran thaee tongne naveen vaiyaktik curr ('thuen') lagoo karoon deshachya karpranalit sudharana karnyacha nirnay ghetala, joou pratyek vyaktivar malkichya lagvadichya jaminichya kshetranusar aakarla jaat asey. udaharanarth, jyaa jyaa eka kinwa done 'emm. doubleu. yuu.' hote, jyachya samatulya hote, tyala varshala eka 'kwan' bharava lagat asey, tarr chaar 'emm. doubleu. yuu. ess.' paryant asalelya chya dusya done 'kwan' bharave lagat asey. vaiyaktik karavyatirikt, jameen vargikarananusar mojalya mojalya tandalachya pramanat jameen curr bharane jyaa bandhankarak hote. eka aitihasik pustakatoon asey disun yete qee tran rajvanshane maase aanee falanpasoon teey panaparyant pratyek goshtivar curr aakarla hota. kardatyanna teen shreninmadhye vibhagale geleh alpavayin (18 teey 20), praudh (20 teey 60) aanee jyeshth (60 varshanvaril).
hastakala, kapus, resheem aanee brocade yasarkhya utpadit vastooncha yaa kalat zapatyane vikas jhaala. yapaiki kahee vastoo chinala niryat kelya gelya, tarr chandi, sone, tiin aanee shise khankamamule daginyanchi nirmiti vadhali. rajya-tankit tambyachi nanee tran rajvanshachya ubharali hotee, tyachpramane shastrastra karyashala, darbaratil poshakh karyashala aanee kansya vitalanyasathichya upayuktata hotya. mudran aanee koreev lakadi falakanchya tantradnyanatil sudharananmule shikshan aanee sahityala mothya pramanat madat jhaali.
jahaj bandhani udhyogacha vistar jhaala, jithe 100-oarche mothe khamb tayar kele gele. tyanantar thang heey rajyache vyavsayik kendra banale aanee anek bajarpetha sthapan jhalya. jhalya shatkatil mangolian rajdutacha ullekh aahe qee, bajarpeth mahinyatoon donada aayojit kelee jaat asey, jyat "bharpur vastoo" asat aanee rajya mahamargavar darr paach mailanni eka bajarpeth hotee. yaa kalat rajyane dharamshala dekhil sthapan kelya.
tran thann tongchya karkirdit tran kulatil sadasyanni aanee shahee kutumbane, shetisathi garibanchi nemanook karoon tyanchya jameen anudanacha purn laabh ghene samratane aavashyak hote. naditil puramule taee vhietchi lagvadikhalil jameen darvarshi uddhvast hott asey, tyamule adhik sthir shetisathi, 1244 madhye tran thaee tongne aaplya adhinsthanna laal nadichya kathavar tatbandichi naveen pranali bandhanyache aadesh dile. jyaa jyaa daiksathi tyanchya jaminicha balee dyava lagla tyanna jaminichya kimmatichi bharpai denyat aalee. samratane vyavasthevar niyantran thevanyasathi eka vegala adhikarihi niyukt keela.
tran rajvanshachya akheris, hoow kyuichi shahee darbarat sampoorn satta hotee aanee tyane taee vhietchya arthvyavasthet sudharana karnyasathi tyachya kalpana amalat aananyas suruvat kelee. yaa kalatala sarvat mahattvapoorn badal mhanje 1396 madhye tamr nanyanchi kagadi nanee badalane. vhietanamchya itihasat kagadi paishacha vapar vyaparat honyachi hii pahilich vel hotee. samratane wandon yaa kinarpattivaril shaharat vyapari chaukya ubharalya, jithe gwangdong aanee fujian yetheel chiinii vyapari vyaparat guntanyasathi sthalantarit jhaale. jhaale tran aanee lii rajvanshachya nondinmadhye vanshik chiinii lokanchi nond aahe.
sanskruti.
sahitya.
gunavatta aanee praman yaa donhi babatit tran sahitya heey lii sahityapeksha shreshth manale jaate. suruvatila, tran kulatil bahutek sadasya konatyahi sakhol dnyanashivay machchimar hote. udaharanarth, tran rajvanshacha sansthapak tran thone yache varnan 'dawai vhiet qee toen thoon' madhye varvarcha abhyas karnara manus mhanoon kele gele aahe. tathapi, lii rajgharanyakadun satta balkavalyanantar, tran samrat aanee itar rajkumar aanee vyapari mandalanni nehmich sanskratila, visheshtah sahityala vishesh mahatva dile.
tran rajvanshachya karkirditil sahityachya done mahattvachya shakha deshbhaktipar aanee bauddha sahitya hotya. chya mangol aakramanaviruddha taee vhietchya vijayachya smaranarth, mahasanghache kulpati tran kwang khaee yanni "tung giah hohn kiin" ("rajdhanila parat jaa") navachi eka kavita lihili, jee rajvansh yugatil vhietnami deshbhaktipar sahityachya utkrusht udaharananpaiki eka manali jaat asey. tran sahityatil deshbhaktiche pratinidhitva general tran kwak tuan yanni lihilelya 'hch tungi' (sainikancha coll) yaa ghoshanedvare dekhil kele gele, jeey vhietnami sahityatil 'hch' (apeal, coll) swarupache sarvat lokpriy karya hote.tran kulatil sadasyanvyatirikt, anek mandarin aanee vidwan hote jeey deshbhaktipar karyansathi prasiddha hote, jase qee 'phoo' swarupache prakhyat lekhak trung hahn cu kinwa tyanchya prasiddha kavita 'thuat hoee' saha general phaam ngu laao. bauddha dharm haah tran rajvanshacha rashtriy dharm asalyane, tran sahityachi anek kaame hotee jee bauddha aanee zenchi bhavna vyakt karatat, visheshtah samrat tran nantong aanee trucklem shalechya itar gurujananchya krutee.
uchchavargiyandvare tayar kelelya sahityabarobarach, pauranik katha, aakhyayika aanee bhootgathanchya lokkathanche varnan dekhil lite zuyen yanni 'vhiet dnu linah tapp' aanee tran they phap yanni 'linham chitch kwai' madhye gola kele hote. yaa done sangrahanna keval loksanskrutisathich navhe tarr vhietanamchya suruvatichya itihasasathihi khoop mahatva hote.
vhietnami sahityachya itihasat tran sahityachi vishesh bhoomika hotee, kaaran tee vhietnami bhashecha (kwak engidablue) parichay aanee vikas karat hotee, jee chau nommadhye lihili gelee hotee. tran rajvanshachya aadhi, vhietnami keval maukhik itihas kinwa mhanimadhye vaparale jaat hote. samrat tran nantongchya rajvatit, chiinii bhashevyatirikt, shahee darbaratil adhikrut lipinmadhye tee prathamach dusari bhasha mhanoon vaparali jaat hotee.
1282 madhye chau nome bhashet lihilelya sarvat junya nond kelelya kavitasah, naan tongcha adhikari, hahn thuyen yanech vhietnami bhashet tyachya sahityik rachananchi rachana karnyas suruvat kelee. too agraganya manla jaat asey jyane chau nomchi sahityat olakh karoon dilee. hahn thuyen' nantar, 'chvh nome' chaa vapar tran vidvananni vhietnami sahityachya rachnet uttarottar keela, jase qee 'chwhan' haah 'kwak ngv thee taap' ('rashtriy bhashetil kavitancha sangrah') yaa sangrahasah kinwa 'hoow kyu lii' jyane vhietnami bhashet 'shhee jing' chey spashtikaran denyasathi 'kwak ngv thee nghiya' lihile. tran yugatil vhietnami bhashechya sahityachi kamgiri haah yaa bhashechya aanee tyanantarchya vhietanamchya sahityachya vikasasathi aavashyak aadhar hota.
qalaa sadarikaran.
tran rajvansh haah sangeet aanee sanskratisathi suvarnakal manla jaat asey. jaree tyaa velee too eka lajirvanya aanandapramane pahila jaat asala, taree tran rajvanshachya akheris, rangbhumicha vegane vikas jhaala, jyat qaid jhalelya chiinii sainik lii nguen kaat (lii yuan qee) yaa kalakarachya bhoomikesah, jyala rangbhumitil tyachya pratibhesathi kshama denyat aalee hotee. lii guyen katane cheeni rangbhumichi anek vaishishtye (dekhil pahaa) taee vhietchya sadarikaran kalanmadhye jase qee katha, veshbhusha, bhoomika aanee kalabaji yasarkhya goshti aayat kelya. tyaa karanastav, lii guyen kaat haah paramparikpane vhietanammadhil "haat tuong" yaa kalecha sansthapak manla jaat asey. tathapi, aajkal heey eka aavhanatmak gruhitak aahe kaaran "haat tuong" aanee beijing aupera rangeet chehare, veshbhusha kinwa natya parampara vaparnyachya paddhatimadhye bhinn hote. natyakalechi olakh tran tong yanni shahee darbarat karoon dilee aanee akheris samratane done 'haat tong' kalakaranna janmalelya dung nutt leey yanna simhasana sodanyacha nirnayahi ghetala.
ghetala mangol aakramanavaril vijay sajra karnyasathi, tran kwang khavai aanee tran nahat duaat yanni thang longmadhye teen divasanchya pramukh utsavasathi "mua baee bong" ("fulanche nrutya") tayar kele. heey nrutya aajahi sadar kele gele aahe aanee aajahi uttarekadil sthanik utsavanmadhye sadar kele jaate.
shikshan aanee shahee pariksha pranali.
jaree bauddha dharm haah tran rajvanshacha rashtriy dharm manla jaat asala, taree confusionist shikshan deshbharat pasaru lagale. yaa kalatil mukhya abhyaskram chaar pustake aanee paach abhijat aanee uttarekadil itihas hota, jeey suruvatila keval bauddha pagodyanmadhye shikavale jaat hote aanee haloohaloo nivrutt adhikari kinwa confucian vidvananni aayojit kelelya khajgi varganmadhye vidyarthyanna dile jaat hote.
tran rajvanshacha sarvat prasiddha shikshak bahudha chu wann aine hota, joou tran minh tongchya karkirdipasun tran dongchya karkirdiparyant shahee darbaratil eka adhikari hota, jyane kraun prince tran viewingche shahee pradhyapak mhanoonahi kaam kele. tran thann tongchya karkirdit, samratane tyachya bhawala, joou tyachya buddhimatta aanee dnyanasathi prasiddha hota, tyala dekhil rajkumaranchya rajvadyat swatachi shaala ughadanyachi parvanagi dilee. bhavishyatil shahee darbaratil anek pramukh mandarin jase qee makdin chee aanee bui fong yanna yaa shalet prashikshan denyat aale hote.
tran rajvanshachi adhikrut shaala, kwalk hoock vien, juuna 1253 madhye shahee vidyarthyanna ('thaee hoock sinh') chaar pustake aanee paach abhijat pustake shikavanyasathi sthapan karnyat aalee. yuddh aanee lashkari yuktivadabaddal shikavanyavar laksh kendrit karnari lashkari shaala, daad young, tyach varshi augustmadhye ughadali gelee. yaa lashkari shalesah, jiang zia aanee itar prasiddha senapatinchi pooja karnyasathi thang longmadhye lashkari purushanche pahile mandir (vomieu) bandhanyat aale.
tran rajvanshachya sthapanenantar saat varshanni, samrat tran thaee tong yane shahee darbaratil asankhya uchch padansathi dye vhietmadhil sarvottam vidvananchi nivad karnyachya uddeshane shahee vidyarthyansathi 1232 chya chya chandra mahinyat pahilya shahee pariksheche aadesh dile. yaa parikshet done avval umedvar trung hahn aanee luu diam hote. 1239 madhye aanakhi eka shahee parikshenantar, tran samratane deshbharatil shahee vidyarthyanchi nivad karnyasathi saat varshanchya niyatkalik parikshanchi pranali sthapit karnyas suruvat kelee.
yaa pariksheche sarvat pratishthit shirshak 'tama khoi' ('teen pratham vijete') hote, jeey teen umedvaranni banalele hote, jeey parikshet anukrame 'trang guyen' ('rajyache udaharan'), 'bung hahn' ('bajuche dolhe') aanee 'tham hoa' ('nivadak pratibha') yaa navansah pratham, dviteey aanee truteey kramankavar hote. tran rajvanshache pahile "tama khoi" hote "trang nguyen" nguyen hiun, jeey tyaveli fakt 12 varshanche hote, "baang nann" leey wein huu jeey nantar tran rajvanshacha shahee itihaskar banale aanee "tham hoa" hoa" maa laa. 1256 chya parikshet, tran rajgharanyane "trang nguyen" hii padvi done shreninmadhye vibhagali, uttar prantatil umedvaransathi "kinh trang nguyen" aanee done dakshinekadil prantanmadhil umedvaransathi "trie trang nguyen": thaan hoow aanee nghen, jenekarun tyaa durgam pradeshatil vidyarthyanna shahee parikshesathi prerana miloo shakel. 1275 madhye jevha shaskane aata tyachi garaj nahee assa nirnay ghetala tevha heey vegalepana radd karnyat aale.
1304 madhye, samrat tran aana tongne chaar vegvegalya vegvegalya pariksha pramanit karnyacha nirnay ghetala jyamadhye umedvaranna shastriy grunth, confusionist abhijat, shahee dastaivaj punarlekhan aanee shevati yuktivad aanee niyojanachya chachanyandvare tappyatappyane kadhoon taknyat aale. 1396 madhye samrat tran thuen tongne hoow kyu leechya dabavakhali hii tapasani prakriya sodoon dilee, jyane tyachya samajik aanee prashasakeey vyavasthechya aamulagra sudharanancha eka bhag mhanoon paramparik tapasanichi jaaga naveen aavrutti ghetali.
hoow kyu leene pudhil varshi prefectural pariksha (thee hang) aanee metropolitan pariksha (thee hoee) dware shahee tapasaniche niyaman kele. dviteey-padvi parikshet chaar chaar samavisht hotyah sahityik prabandh, sahityik rachana, shahee dastaivaj punarlekhan aanee akheris eka nibandh jyache samratane vaiyaktikaritya moolyankan kele hote. khalchya darjachya darjachya, samratane aanakhi eka pariksha ghetali hotee, jyat lekhan aanee gananechi chachani ghetali gelee, udaharanarth 1261 chya sahavya chandramasachi pariksha, tran thann tongchya karkirdit.
tyachya 175 varshanchya astitvachya kalat, tran rajvanshane daha adhikrut aanee chaar sahayak spardhansah chauda shahee pariksha ghetalya. yaa parikshanmadhil anek vijete nantar shahee darbaratil pramukh adhikari banale kinwa leey wein huu, aitihasik nondiche lekhak 'taee viate qee', mack dinh chee, yuan rajvanshache tran rajvanshache prasiddha doot kinwa tran miin tongchya karkirditil sarvat shaktishali shaktishali eka, nguen trung nagan yasarkhe suprasiddha vidwan banale. pratyek parikshet pratham kramank kramank umedvaranchya parikshanchi sampoorn yadee khalee dilee aaheh
vidnyan aanee tantradnyan.
tran rajvanshachya rajvanshachya feng shuicha vapar kelyacha purava aahe, jase qee 1248 madhye jevha tranney navyane sthapan jhalelya tran rajvanshache tyachya virodhkanpasun sanrakshn karnyachya uddeshane anek feng shui mastersna deshbharatil anek thikane adavanyache aadesh dile hote. jaree 'danglo' navachya eka ullekhaneey shastradnyacha ullekh 'dvee vhiet qee toen thu' madhye anek vela karnyat aala asala, taree, tran rajvanshachya kalatil vidnyanatil kamgiricha tapasheel aitihasik vivarnanmadhye navhata. asey mhatale jaat hote qee nivrutt samrat minh tong yanni rashtriy nirikshak ("leam fong ts") yaa padavar danglo yanchi niyukti kelee hotee, parantu khagolshastriy mojamapasathi shastrastranchya golacha eka prakar asalelya "fuffus lynh enji" navachya tyanchya shodhasathi teey prasiddha hote. nirikshanatil parinamanmule, dang lone 1339 madhye dindarshiket sudharana karnyasathi samratala yashasviritya patvoon dile jenekarun teey dwietmadhil krishi hangamanshi adhik changlya prakare julavun ghetil. shahee darbaratil dinlocha varishtha markis tran nguen danne dekhil dindarshikechya gananet tadnya hota.
darugola.
tran rajvanshachya akheris daruchya gulachya tantradnyanacha uday thaee vhietchya aitihasik nondinmadhye jhaala. janewari 1390 madhye general tran khaat chanane tyachya yuddhanauketun tof zadlyanantar, champachya rajachya mrutyusathi heey jababdar hote. nus sanshodhak sunn laichen yanchya matey, tran rajgharanyane chinkadoon barud tantradnyan midavale aanee daae vhietchya bajoone daae viate aanee champa yanchyatil sattecha samtol badalanyasathi tyacha prabhavipane vapar keela. yaa sooryacha parinam mhanoon, 1396 madhye, banduka tayar karnyasathi tambyachi garaj heey kadachit 'hoow kyu lii' chya aadeshache, tambyachya nanyanvarun kagadi paishat badalanyache aanakhi eka kaaran hote, assa tark suryane keela.
tran rajvanshatil aanee nantarchya hoow rajvanshatil lokanni darugolyacha vapar karoon tyanchya bandukanmadhye sudharana karane suru thewale. yamule tyanchya chiinii samakakshanpeksha uchch darjachi shastre midali. ming rajvanshane tyanchya taee vhietvareel aakramanat heey midavale hote.
aushadh.
tran rajvanshachya rajvatit, samajat confucianismchi adhik mahattvapoorn bhoomika asalyamule aushadh vikasit honyachi adhik changli sandhee hotee. 1261 madhye, samratane shahee vaidyanchi sanstha (thaee vaay vien) sthapan karnyacha aadesh jaaree keela, jee dye vhietmadhye aushadhanche vyavasthapan karate, naveen vaidyanchi tapasani karate aanee rogachya sathichya kalat lokanvar upchar karate. 1265 madhye sansthene garibanna 'hong nagok sung' navachi eka golee vitarit kelee, jee tyanna anek rog barey karnyas saksham manali gelee. paramparik uttarekadil aushadhi vanaspatinvyatirikt ('thuok book'), tran vaidyannihi nagrik aanee sainik yaa doghanvar upchar karnyasathi vividh pradeshik aushadhi vanaspatinchi ('thuoknam') lagwad aanee gola karnyas suruvat kelee. 
tran minh tongchya karkirdit, shahee vaidya sanstheche pramukh, phaam cong baan heey tyanchya vaidyakeey naitikatesathi mothya pramanavar olakhale jaat hote, pradeshik vanaspatinpasun banavalelya swatachya aushadhane rugnanvar upchar karat, tyanche vansh kahihi asso; asey mhatale jaat hote qee phaam cong baan yanni tyanche upchar 'thaee vaay dench baine' ('shahee vaidyane kelele rog') navachya vaidyakeey pustakat gola kele.
vhietnami itihasatil prasiddha vaidya, tuetin mhanoonahi olakhale jaanare bhikshu phaam kang baan yanna, tyanchya 'hong ngha giac tuu tuu' aanee 'naam dutech thaan hioo' yaa kamanmule vhietnami paramparik aushadhancha paya tayar kelyabaddal 'dakshinekadil aushadhache janak' mhatale gele. "naam dutech thaan hioo" haah 184 prakarchya roganvar upchar karnyasathi 3932 prescriptions sthanik aushadhi vanaspati aanee upcharachya daha shakhambaddalchya 499 hastalikhitancha sangrah hota, tarr "hong nghiya giac tuu tuu tuu" neey lokanna anek sopee, tayar karnyas sopee aushadhe dilee jyamule prabhavi parinam disun aale.

