seent paul cathedral

seent paul cathedral heey london, englandmadhil eka anglican cathedral aahe aanee londonchya bishapche sthan aahe. cathedral londonchya bishappramukhache matru church mhanoon kaam karate. hii london shaharachya sarvat unch binduvar loodgate tekadivar aahe aanee hii shreni 1 chee soochibaddha imarat aahe. preshit paulla tyache samarpan ii. sha. 604 madhye sthapan jhalelya yaa thikanchya mool charchmadhye aahe. 17 vya shatkachya uttaradhatil sadhyachya sanrachanechi rachana surr khristofar raine yanni ingraji barok shailit kelee hotee. rainchya aayushyat purn jhalele tyache bandhkam, londonchya bhishan aaginantar shaharatil mothya punarbandhani karyakramacha eka bhag hota. purviche gothick cathedral (june seent paul cathedral), mothya aagit mothya pramanat nasht jhaale, madhyayugeen aanee suruvatichya aadhunik londonsathi kendrasthani hote, jyat paul walk aanee seent paul churchyard, seent paul crossche thikan hote.
cathedral heey londonchya sarvat prasiddha aanee olakhanyayogya thikananpaiki eka aahe. rainschya shaharatil charchchya shikharanni vedhalela tyacha ghumat 300 varshanhun adhik kaal aakashareshevar varchasva gajavat aahe. 1710 teey 1963 yaa kalat hii londonmadhil sarvat unch imarat hotee. ajunahi jagatil sarvat unch gumbadanpaiki eka aahe. seent paul hii united kingadammadhil liverpool cathedral nantarchi jyache kramankachi sarvat mothee church imarat aahe.
seent paul yethe aayojit kelelya sevanmadhye edmiral laurd nelson, duke auph wellington, winston churchill aanee margaret thatcher yanche antyasanskar, queen victoriyasathi jayanti samarambh, mahanagar rugnalay ravivar nidhisathi udghatan seva, pahilya aanee jyache mahayuddhancha ant mhanoon shantata seva, prince charles aanee lady dyna spensor yanche lagn, brittonchya utsavacha shubharambh aanee chandi, suvarn, hira aanee platinum jubilisathi dhanyavad seva aanee ranee elizabeth II chya chya aanee aanee vadhdivasacha samavesh aahe. seent paul cathedral haah pracharasathichya anek samagricha, tasech dhuvon aanee aagine vedhalelya ghumatatil pratimancha madhyavarti vishay aahe.
cathedral heey tasala prathna aanee dainandin seva asalele karyarat church aahe. dwaravaril paryatak pravesh shulk praudhansathi 23 paund aahe (janewari 2023, online aarakshan kelyas swast), parantu jahirat kelelya sevanmadhye upasthit asalelya upaskansathi konatehi shulk aakarle jaat nahee.
seent paul cathedralpasoon door asalele seent paul heey londonche sarvat jawalche bhoomigat sthanak aahe.
itihas.
cathedralchya samore.
londoniumchya mool cathedralche sthan adnyat aahe, parantu dantkatha aanee madhyayugeen parampara dawa karatat qee teey seent pieter aun cornhill hote. seent paul heey cathedralche eka asamanya vaishishtya aahe aanee roman kalat aanakhi eka hote asey suchavate. seent luciuschya aakhyayika seent pieter aun cornhilla roman londonium khrishchan samudayache kendra mhanoon jodatat. too junya londoniumchya bhagatil sarvoch binduvar ubha aahe aanee dantkathanmule madhyayugeen miravnukit tyala pradhanya denyat aale hote. tathapi, itar konatahi vishvasarh purava nahee aanee manchavaril sthalamule pauranik kathanshi julavun ghene katheen hote. 1995 madhye, tower hilvareel pachvya shatkatil eka mothya imaratiche utkhanan karnyat aale aanee tee roman basilica, bahudha cathedral asalyacha dawa keela gela aahe, jaree heey anumanatmak aahe. 
elizabethanchya puratatvashastradnya william camdenne assa yuktivad keela qee madhyayugeen seent paul cathedralne vyapalelya jagevar roman kalat dyna deviche mandir ubhe hote. renane nondavale qee, bhishan aaginantar naveen cathedral bandhanyachya kamadarmyan tyala asha konatyahi mandiracha konatahi thasa sapadalela nahee aanee camdenche gruhitak aata aadhunik puratatvashastradnyanni sweekarle nahee.
purv-samanya cathedral.
roman kalat londonmadhye khrishchan dharmache purave aahet, parantu church kinwa cathedralchya sthanasathi konatahi thos purava nahee. bishop restitutesne ii. sha. 314 madhye arleschya parishademadhye londonche pratinidhitva kele asey mhatale jaate. londonchya 16 "archbishops" chee yadee yadee shatkat joslin auph furnacene nondavali hotee, jyat dawa karnyat aala hota qee londonchya khrishchan samudayachi sthapana jyache shatkat prasiddha raja lucius aanee tyache dharmpracharak sant fagan, deruvian, elvanus aanee medwin yanchya netrutvakhali jhaali hotee. aadhunik itihaskar yapaiki kahihi vishvasarh manat naheet, parantu jaree astitvat asalela majkoor samasyapradhan asala taree, arleschya 314 parishadetil bishop restitutes kinwa edelphius ektar londoniummadhun aalyache disate.
bede nondavato qee ii. sha. 604 madhye canterberrychya augusteinne purv saxonchya anglo-saxon samrajyacha pahila bishop mhanoon melitusla aanee tyancha raja sebertla pavitra kele. sebertche kaka aanee adhipati, kentcha raja ethelbert yane londonmadhye seent paul yanna samarpit eka church naveen bishapche aasan mhanoon bandhale. heey pahile anglo-saxon cathedral nantarchya madhyayugeen aanee sadhyachya cathedralchya jaagich hote, heey jaree siddha jhaale nasale taree asey manale jaate. 
sumare 616 madhye sebertchya mrutyunantar, tyachya murtipujak mulanni melitusla londonmadhun hakaloon dile aanee purvekadil saxon murtipujak dharmat paratale. pahilya cathedral imaratiche bhavitavya adnyat aahe. satvya shatkachya uttaradhat purvekadil saxonmadhye khrishchan dharm punarsanchayit karnyat aala aanee asey manale jaate qee ektar anglo-saxon cathedral punarsanchayit karnyat aale kinwa seed, wine aanee earconwald sarkhya bishapanche aasan mhanoon naveen imarat ubharanyat aalee, jyapaiki shevatcha 693 madhye cathedralmadhye daphan karnyat aala. hii imarat kinwa uttaradhikari, 962 madhye aagit nasht jhaali, parantu tyach varshi punarbandhani karnyat aalee.
raja, tayar nasalelya vyaktila 1016 madhye tyachya mrutyunantar cathedralmadhye daphan karnyat aale; aata thadgi haravali aahe. anglo-saxon chroniclemadhye nondavalyapramane, 1087 madhye aagine cathedral jaloon khaq jhaale, aanee shaharacha barachsa bhag jaloon khaq jhaala.
june seent paul.
chauthya seent paulchi, jyala samanyatah 'old seent paul' asey sambodhale jaate, 1087 chya aaginantar normanne suru kelee hotee. 1135 madhye aanakhi lagalelya aagimule kaam viskalit jhaale aanee naveen cathedral 1240 paryant pavitra karnyat aale nahee. bandhkamachya kalat, vastukalechi shaili romanscuveroon gothickmadhye badalali hotee aanee heey varchya bhaganchya tokdar kamani aanee mothya khidkyanmadhye aanee imaratichya purv tokavar pratibimbit jhaale hote. gothick ribbed walt, york minsterpramanech, dagadapeksha lakadacha bandhala gela hota, jyamule imaratichya antim bhavitavyavar parinam jhaala.
1256 madhye eka vistar karyakram suru jhaala. heey "naveen kaam" 1300 madhye pavitra karnyat aale hote parantu 1314 paryant purn jhaale nahee. nantarchya madhyayugeen kalat seent paulchi lambi keval clunichya ebii charchane aanee tyachya shikharachya unchivar keval linken cathedral aanee seent paul yanni olandali hotee. merrie church, stralsund. 1878 madhye francis penrojne kelelya utkhananat asey disun aale qee teey lamb aanee rund hote (paar aanee paar). shikhar sumare unch hote.
hote shatkaparyant hii imarat kharab houu lagali hotee. heinry VIII aanee edward VIII antargat ingraji sudharana aanee visheshtah mantranchya krutyanmule aateel alankar aanee prathanasthale, mandire, mantranche ghatak nasht jhaale. aktoobar 1538 madhye, kadachit mandiratil seent erkenwaldchi pratima rajachya ratnanchya malkakade denyat aalee. itar pratima kiman kahee kaal taree tikoon rahilya asateel. edward vhichya karkirdit adhik paddhatshir pratimachitran ghadale; 'grey fryers chronicle' madhye november 1547 madhye chhappar aanee itar pratima nasht jhalya aanee aktoobar 1552 madhye 'all daad alte aanee chapples inn all pauls church' khalee utaravanyat aalya. seent paulchya charchyardmadhil kahee imarati dukane aanee bhadyachya malmatta mhanoon vikalya gelya, visheshtah mudrak aanee pustak vikretyanna. 1561 madhye vijechya dhadakene shikhar nasht jhaale, hii ghatana englandchya protestant shaskanvaril devachya nirnayache lakshan asalyacha dawa roman catholic lekhakanni keela. bishop james pilkington yanni pratyuttarat eka upadesh deela, assa dawa keela qee vijecha fatka haah cathedral imaratichya aviveki vaparasathicha nirnay hota. nuksan bharoon kadhanyasathi tatkal pavale uchalanyat aalee, londonche nagrik aanee padrinni punarbandhanisathi paise deu kele. parantu vyapar manditoon manditoon deshasathi aanee shaharasathi imaratichi yogyaritya durusti karnyacha kharch khoop motha hota. tyaeivaji, chhappar durust karnyat aale aanee steeplever 'ruu' asey eka lakud thevanyat aale.
1630 chya dashakat englandche pahile shastriy vastuvisharad, inigo johns yanni yaa imaratit paschim aaghadi jodali. yadavi yuddhadarmyan khasdaranchya sainyane imaratichi khoop vikrutee aanee gairvartan kele aanee junie kagadpatre aanee sanade vikhuroon nasht kelee gelee. rashtrakul kalat, jyaa churchyard imarati modkalis aalya hotya, tyaa bandhkam prakalpansathi tayar kapade ghatalelya bandhkam sahityacha puravatha karat asat, jase qee laurd protectorcha ciity palace, somerset haus. charchchya anganachya ishanya ishanya, seent paulchya vadhastambhakade gardi khechali gelee, jithe mokalya havet prachar keela jaat asey.
asey londonchya bhishan aagit june seent paul jaloon khaq jhaale. tyachi punarrachana karane shakya asale taree, aadhunik shailit naveen cathedral bandhanyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. hii krutichi paddhat aagichya aadhipasunach prastavit karnyat aalee hotee.
seent paulche vartaman.
30 julai 1669 roji surr christopher raine yanna badali sanrachanechi rachana karnyache kaam adhikrutpane sopavanyat aale hote. tyapurvi tyanna mothya aagit haravalelya lokanchya jaagi charchchya punarbandhanicha karyabhar denyat aala hota. shaharatil 50 hoon adhik church heey rainmadhil aahet. seent paulchya rachnesobatach, raine sthapatyakalevaril tyachya paach 'tract' chya nirmitimadhye guntalela hota.
1666 madhye lagalelya aagichya paach varshanpurvi, 1661 madhye renane 'old seent paul' chya durusticha sallah denyas suruvat kelee hotee. prastavit kamat 1630 madhye inigo jonsane tayar kelelya shastriy darshani bhagala purak honyasathi aateel aanee bahereel nutanikaran samavisht hote. vidyaman sanrachanecha vapar farsha mhanoon karoon jeern jhalelya jhalelya jaagi ghumat ghalanyachi yojana renane aakhali hotee. tyane prastavit ghumatavar eka rekhachitra tayar kele, jeey tyachi kalpana darshavate qee too paar kartana nabhi aanee galiyaryanmadhye pasarla pahije. aaginantar, junya cathedralcha motha bhag tikavoon thevane shakya aahe asey suruvatila vatale hote, parantu akheris 1670 chya dashakachya suruvatila sampoorn rachana padnyat aalee.
julai 1668 madhye deane william sancroftney renla lihile qee, london aanee oxfordchya bishapanchya sahmatine, canterberrychya aarchbishapne tyachyavar eka naveen cathedralchi rachana karnyacha aarop keela hota, jeey "tyachya serve tokansathi aanee shahar aanee rashtrachya pratishthesathi sunder aanee udatt hote". rachana prakriyela anek varshe lagali, parantu shevati eka rachana nishchit karnyat aalee aanee shahee aadeshashi jodanyat aalee, jyat vrenla aavashyak vatanare aanakhi konatehi badal karanyachi parvanagi hotee. tyacha parinam mhanje sadhyache seent paul cathedral, jeey ajunahi brittenmadhil dusare sarvat mothe church aahe, aanee eka ghumat jagatil sarvottam mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aala aahe. yaa imaratila kolshavaril karadvare arthsahayya karnyat aale hote aanee tyaa kalavadhisathi anek pramukh kantratdar niyukt karoon tyachya vastuvishardanchya aayushyat purn karnyat aale hote.
cathedralchi 'top out' (jevha antim dagad kandilavar thevanyat aala) 26 aktoobar 1708 roji jhaali, jee rencha mulga khristofar junier aanee eka rajmistrichya mulane sadar kelee. 25 december 1711 roji (khrismas day) sansadene cathedral adhikrutpane purn jhalyache ghoshit kele. kharey tarr, tyanantar anek varshe bandhkam chaloo rahile, 1720 chya dashakat chhatavaril putale jodale gele. 1716 madhye ekoon kharch £ 1,095,556 (£in) itka hota.
pratishthapan.
2 december 1697 roji, mothya aagit june seent paul nasht jhalyanantar 31 varshe aanee 3 mahinyanni, naveen cathedral vaparasathi pavitra karnyat aale. londonche bishop, ujavya bajuche aadaraniy heinry compton yanni dharmopadeshacha prachar keela. teey stotra 122 chya majkuravar aadharit hote, "jevha teey mallah mhanale qee, chala prabhuchya mandirat jaauya tevha mallah anand jhaala."pudhil ravivari pahili niyamit seva aayojit karnyat aalee hotee.
rainchya cathedralbaddalchi matey vegali hotee, kahinna tee aavadateh "aat, khalee, varr, dolha/aniyantrit anandane bharalela aahe", tarr itaranna tyacha tiraskar hotah "sonyachya ranganni bharalelya rajdhani, judd kamani yabaddal lokarachanechi havah hotee... teey aparichit, ingraji nasalele hote...".
1900 pasoon.
matadhikar dahashatvadi halle.
seent. 1913 aanee 1914 madhye anukrame done matadhikar bombsfotanche lakshya paul hote, jyamule cathedralcha jawaljawal naash jhaala. heey 1912 teey 1914 darmyanchya matadhikar bombsfot aanee jaalpol mohimecha eka bhag hote, jyamadhye mahila samajik aanee rajkiy sanghatanetil matdaranni, tyanchya mahila matadhikar mohimecha eka bhag mhanoon, deshbharat rajkiy hetune kelelya bombsfotanchi aanee jaalpolinchi malika rabavali. mahilanchya matadhikarala virodh balkat karnyat church auph englandcha sahbhag aahe asey tyanna vatat asalyane charchana matdaranni spashtapane lakshya kele hote. 1913 teey 1914 darmyan brittenmadhil 32 churchwar halle jhaale.
seent varr pahila hallah. paulcha haah prasang 8 meey 1913 roji, eka pravachanachya suruvatila jhaala. lock cathedralmadhye pravesh karat asatana bombchi tick tick aikoo aalee aanee too sapadala. teey potassium nitratepasoon tayar kele gele hote. jarr too sphot jhaala asata, tarr bombney kadachit aitihasik bishapche simhasana aanee cathedralche itar bhag nasht kele asate. anshatah moharichya dabyapasoon banavalele yaa yantrache avashesh aata london shahar police sangrahalayat pradarshit karnyat aale aahet.
13 juuna 1914 roji matadhikaryanni cathedralver dusra bombsfot karnyacha prayatna keela, matra bombcha sphot honyapurvich too punha sapadala. westminster mathat bombsfot jhalyanantar done divasanni bombsfot karnyacha haah prayatna jhaala, jyamule rajyabhishekachya khurchiche nuksan jhaale aanee baher padnyasathi mothya pramanat ghabarat nirman jhaali. yaa velee itar anek churchwar bombsfot karnyat aale, jase qee trafalgar chaukatil seent martin-inn-daad-feeled church aanee mahanagar nivassthan.
yuddhat nuksan.
10 aktoobar 1940 aanee 17 april 1941 roji bombney dhadakun cathedral yaa jhalalitun bachavale. pahilya hallyat unch vedi nasht jhaali, tarr uttar bhagavaril jyache hallyane guptasthanachya varchya majalyavar eka chhidra sodale. nantarchya bombcha uttarekadil bhagachya varchya aateel bhagat sphot jhaala asava asey manale jaate aanee sampoorn ghumat thodya pramanat bajula halavanyasathi heey ball purese hote.
12 september 1940 roji cathedralver hallah karnara vilambit bomb tatpurte leftnunt robbert davies yanchya netrutvakhalil shahee abhiyantyanchya bomb nikami tukadine yashasviritya nikami keela aanee kadhoon takala. jarr haah bomb sphot jhaala asata, tarr tyane cathedral purnapane nasht kele asate; nantar durvaroon surakshit thikani sphot jhaala tevha tyane eka khadda sodala. yaa kruticha parinam mhanoon, davies aanee sapper george cameron viilii yaa doghannahi george cross pradan karnyat aala. devijche george cross aanee itar padake londonchya shahee yuddh sangrahalayat pradarshit aahet.
yuddhadarmyanchya londonchya sarvat prasiddha pratimanpaiki eka mhanje 29 december 1940 roji chhayachitrakar herbert mesanane londonmadhil jyache mothya aagidarmyan, tudor streetvaril eka imaratichya chhatavarun tipalele seent paulche chhayachitra, jyat cathedral dhuun jhakalele disat hote. london vidyapithachya queen mereechya lisa jardine yanni lihile aaheh
yuddhanantar.
29 julai 1981 roji prince charles aanee lady dyna spensor yancha vivah cathedralmadhye jhaala. yaa jodpyane shahee vivahanche paramparik thikan, westminster mathavaril seent paulchi nivad kelee, kaaran cathedralmadhye adhik aasan suvidha hotee.
1996 madhye johnn bii. yanni ghumatavar tambe, shise aanee slatechya nutanikaranache vyapak kaam kele. kholya. 15 varshancha jirnoddhar prakalp-joou brittenmadhye aataparyant haatee ghenyat aalelya sarvat mothya prakalpanpaiki eka aahe-15 juuna 2011 roji purn jhaala.
londonver kabja qaraa.
aktoobar 2011 madhye, jawalchya paternoster chaukatil london stock exchangemadhye pravesh midvanyat ayashasvi tharalyanantar, cathedralsmore londonmadhye bhandavalshahivirodhi chhawani sthapan karnyat aalee. tyanantarchya bandmule cathedralchya aarthik sthitivar parinam jhaala. cathedralcha darroj 20,000 poundcha mahasool qamee hott asalyacha dawa keela jaat hota. canon chanceller jiles fracer yanni rajinama deela aanee "bhandavalshahivirodhi karyakartyanna baher kadhalyas charchchya navakhali hinsachar hoil" assa tyancha drushtikon thampane mandala. tyanantar seent paulche adhishthata, yogya raved grem nolls yannihi rajinama deela. london mahanagarpalikene kelelya kayadeshir karvaicha parinam mhanoon, nyayalayachya aadeshanusar aanee hinsacharashivay, februwari 2012 chya akheris chhawani bedkhal karnyat aalee.
2019 chaa dahashatvadi cutt.
10 aktoobar 2019 roji, emm. aay. 5 aanee mahanagar polisanchya tapasanantar, dharmantarit muslim safiya amira sheikh yala atak karnyat aalee. september 2019 madhye tine cathedralchya aateel bhagache photo kadhale hote. taar sandesh softwarecha vapar karoon itaranna kattartavadi banavanyacha prayatna kartana, tine cathedral aanee hottel aanee railway sthankasarkhya itar lakshyanvar sphotakancha vapar karoon hallah karanyachi yojana aakhali. shekhane doshi asalyache kabool kele aanee tyala janmathepechi shiksha sunavanyat aalee.
rashtriy karyakram.
seent paulchya aakar aanee sthanamule teey mahan rashtriy karyakram chinhankit chitran khrishchan sevansathi eka aadarsh thikan banale aahe. loodgate tekadiparyantchya natyamay margane, mokalya jaaget aanee paschim aaghadivaril sopya, mothee nabhi aanee ghumatakhalil jaaga asha dirgh miravnukichi sandhee serve aupcharik prasangi yogya aahe. seent paul londonmadhil itar konatyahi charchpeksha jaast lokanna basavoo shakatat aanee gelya shatkanmadhye, tatpuratya lakadi dalananchya ubharanimule 10,000 peksha jaast mandalyanna parvanagi midali. 1935 madhye, adhishthata walter mathuse yanni lihileh
rajgharane, sarkari mantri aanee rajya adhikari upasthit asalelya rashtriy karyakramanmadhye aabhar mananyachya rashtriy seva, shasakeey antyasanskar aanee shahee vivah yancha samavesh hoto. kahee ullekhaneey udaharane ashee aaheth
mantralay aanee karye.
seent paul cathedral heey eka vyast church aahe, jyat darroj chaar kinwa paach seva asatat, jyat mattin, eucharist aanee sandhyakalchi prathna kinwa coral evensong yancha samavesh asato. yavyatirikt, cathedralmadhye london shahar, tyache mahamandal, sangh aanee sansthanshi sambandhit anek vishesh seva aahet. londonmadhil sarvat mothe church mhanoon cathedralchi ranee elizabeth dviteey dviteey hirak mahotsavi sajari karnyasarkhya anek rajya karyanmadhye dekhil bhoomika aahe. cathedral samanyatah paryatkansathi darroj khule asate aanee tyat avyav gayan aanee itar sadarikaranancha niyamit karyakram asato. londonche bishop saara mulalli aahet, jyanchya niyuktichi ghoshana december 2017 madhye karnyat aalee hotee aanee jyanche sinhasanarohan meey 2018 madhye jhaale hote.
deane aanee adhyay.
cathedralcha adhyay sadhya saat vyaktinni banalela aaheh adhishthata, teen nivasi niyam (jyapaiki eka apavadatmakapane, samanya), eka 'adhyayacha atirikt sadasya aanee nivasi nasalela niyam' (niyukt) aanee done samanya niyam. cathedral chalavatana pratyekachi vegali jababdari asate. aktoobar 2022 paryantah
sangeet digdarshak.
andreau carwood heey sangeet digdarshak aahet. malkam tirandajanantar sangeet digdarshak mhanoon september 2007 madhye padbhar swikaranyasathi carwood yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. 12 vya shatkapasoon heey padd dharan karnare teey pahile bigger-sendriya aahet.
avyav.
1694 madhye bernard smithkadoon eka avyav karyanvit karnyat aala.
1862 madhye vidnyan aanee kalechya panopticanmadhil (panoptican avyav) avyav dakshin transept darvajavaril gallerymadhye sthapit karnyat aala.
bhavya avyav 1872 madhye purn jhaala aanee panoptican avyav 1873 madhye cliftonmadhil victoria kholyanmadhye halavanyat aala.
grand organ haah gret brittenmadhil pachva sarvat motha avyav aahe, paipchya sankhyechya drushtine (7,256), 5 niyamavali, 136 payapinchya shreni aanee 137 thambe, pramukhyane rainchya karyashalet tayar kelelya aanee visheshtah gibbonsney sushobhit kelelya prabhavi kesamadhye vedhalela aahe.
avyavacha tapasheel rashtriy nalika avyav nondanivar online aadhalu shakato.
gayakvrund.
seent paul cathedralmadhye eka purn vyavsayik gayakvrund aahe, joou niyamitpane sevanmadhye gato. gayakvrundachya sarvat junya nondi 1127 pasoonchya aahet. sadhyachya gayakvrundat 30 baal gayakvrund, aath prashikshanarthi aanee gayakvrund, 12 vyavsayik gayakancha samavesh aahe. februwari 2017 madhye cathedralne september 2017 madhye bhoomika swikaranyasathi carris johns (eka mezo-soprano) yaa pahilya mahila vikar gayakvrundachi niyukti karanyachi ghoshana kelee. 2022 madhye, 2025 madhye mulinna cathedral gayakvrundat pravesh deela jaeel ashee ghoshana karnyat aalee.
shalechya kalavadhit gayakvarg aathvadyatun sahaa vela evensong gato, somwari bhet aadhar gayakvargadvare (kinwa adhunmadhun mhatale jaate) gayali jaate aanee guruwari keval gayakvargadvare gayale jaate. ravivari gayakvrund mattinmadhye aanee 'emm eucharist' madhye dekhil gato.
anek pratishthit sangitkar seent paul cathedralmadhye organist, gayakvrundatil master aanee gayak rahile aahet, jyat sangitkar johnn redford, thomas morley, johnn blow, geremia clark, mauris greeney aanee johnn steiner yancha samavesh aahe, tarr suprasiddha kalakaranmadhye alfried dellar, johnn sherley-quirk aanee anthany weey tasech vahak charles groves aanee paul hillier aanee kavee walter dii laa meer yancha samavesh aahe.
rainche cathedral.
rachana vikas.
seent paulchya rachana kartana, khristofar raine yanna anek aavhanancha samna karava lagla. tyala 'old seent paul' chya jaagi, prathanasthal mhanoon aanee london shaharatil eka khuna mhanoon eka yogya cathedral tayar karave lagale. tyala charchchya garja aanee shahee aashraydarachya aavadi purn karavya lagalya, tasech dharmik vidhinna samavoon ghenyasathi vikasit jhalelya ingraji church imaratichya madhyayugeen paramparecha aadar karava lagla. raine italian vastukaletil samkalin punarujjivan aanee barok kalanshi parichit hote aanee tyanni francela bhet dilee hotee, jithe tyanni francois mansartchya karyacha abhyas keela hota.
rainchi rachana paach samanya tappyanmadhun vikasit jhaali. pahila keval ekach rekhachitra aanee pratimecha bhag mhanoon tikato. yaa rachnet (samanyatah 'pratham pratikruti rachana' mhanoon olakhali jaanari) golakar ghumatyukt praveshdwar (bahudha rommadhil devdevtanvar aadharit) aanee basilica swarupache aayatakruti church hote asey disate. yaa yojnevar mandirachya charchcha prabhav padala asava. too "puresa bhavya" manla jaat naslyamule too nakarnyat aala. rainchi dusari rachana greek cross hotee, jee dharmgurundware ingraji dharmik vidhinchya garja purn naan karnyacha vichar keela jaat asey.
rainchi tisari rachana rachana 'uttam pratiman' madhye moort aahe. oka aanee plasterpasoon banavalelya pratimanachi kimmat 500 paundanpeksha jaast (aaj andaje 32,000 paund) aahe aanee teey unch aanee lamb aahe. yaa rachanene greek-cross rachaneche swaroop kayam thewale parantu naves tyacha vistar keela. tyache samikshak, charchchya punarbandhanisathi niyukt kelelya samitiche sadasya aanee padrinni hii rachana itar ingraji charchpeksha khoop vegali asalyache sangoon church auph englandmadhil konatyahi satatyas soochit kele nahee. aanakhi eka samasya ashee hotee qee, sampoorn rachana ekach velee purn karavi lagel, kaaran ghumatala aadhar aadhar aath madhyavarti khambanmule, tappyatappyane purn honyaeivaji aanee bandhkam purn honyapurvi vaparasathi ughadanyaivaji, nehmipramane. mahan model hii rainchi aavadati rachana hotee; tyala vatale qee teey punarujjivanachya saundaryache pratibimb aahe. mahan pratimananantar, renane pudhil pratikruti naan banavanyacha aanee tyachi rekhachitre sarvajanikpane ughad naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala, jee tyala aadhalali qee "vel vaya ghalavane aanee [tyacha] vyavasay anek vela aksham nyayadhishanchya adheen karane" shivay kahihi karat nahee. mahan namuna tikoon aahe aanee cathedralmadhyech thevanyat aala aahe.
rainchya chauthya aarakhadyala 'warrant design' mhanoon olakhale jaate kaaran tyala punarbandhanisathi shahee warrant midale hote. yaa rachnet, raine yanni gothick yaa ingraji charchchya pramukh shailicha, "adhik changlya prakarchya vastukaleshi" mell ghalanyacha prayatna keela. tyat madhyayugeen cathedralchi rekhansh lattin cross yojana aahe. too majala aahe aanee tyachya pashchimekadil shastriy portico aahet aanee transeptchya tokanvar, junya seent paulmadhye inigo johnschya jodanicha prabhav aahe. eka jyache gumbadasah dholala aadhar aadhar eka rund uthal ghumatane tyache chhappar olandatana bandhale aahe, jithun saat qamee hott hott tappyanche shikhar ugavate. vaghan hartney asey suchavale aahe qee shikharanchya rachneteel prabhav prachya pagodamadhun aala asava. seent paul yethe vaparali jaat nasaleli hii sankalpana seent brides, fleet streetchya shikharavar lagoo karnyat aalee hotee. hii yojana tyachya jagevar kinchit firavali gelee jenekarun tee tee purveshi nahee tarr easter auph daad iyarchya suryodayasaha sanrekhit hoil. sanrachanetil yaa chhotyasha badalachi mahitee rainchya khagolshastrachya dnyanadvare denyat aalee.
antim rachana.
bandhaleli antim rachana adhikrut warrantchya rachnepeksha lakshaniyaritya vegali aahe. sadar kelelya rachnet 'sajavatiche badal' karnyasathi renla rajakadoon parvanagi midali aanee renane yacha motha fayda ghetala. church bandhale jaat asatana tees varshanchya kalavadhit yapaiki barech badal karnyat aale aanee sarvat mahattvache mhanje ghumatah "tyane pahilya gumbadavar, vitancha shanku asaleli aanakhi eka rachana ubharali, jenekarun eka bhavya aakrutichya dagadi kandilala aadhar milel... aanee tyane vitancha shanku lakud aanee shisechya aanakhi eka gumbadane jhakala aanee najarebaher lapavala; aanee hya aanee shankuchya darmyan kandilavar kandilavar sopya sopya aahet "(surr christopher raine yancha mulga christopher raine). antim rachana sentmadhye jordarpane rujaleli hotee. rommadhil pieterchi basilica. nabhevaril rassache ghumat francois mansartchya church auph daad valle-dii-graspasoon prerit hote, jeey renane 1665 madhye parisachya sahalidarmyan pahile hote.
cathedralcha pahila dagad taknyachya tarkhebabat vaad aahe. eka samkalin vruttat mhatale aahe qee teey 21 juuna 1675, aanakhi 25 juuna aanee tisare 28 juuna hote. tathapi, juuna 1675 madhye too thevanyat aala hota yavar sarvasadharan sahmati aahe. edward strongne nantar dawa keela qee too tyacha motha bhau thomas strong yane ghatala hota, joou kamachya suruvatila renane niyukt kelelya done kushal dagadi karagiranpaiki eka hota.
sanrachanatmak abhiyantriki.
londonchya tulanene kamkuvat chikanmativar eka mothe cathedral bandhane heey rainche aavhan hote. cathedralmadhye seent paul heey asamanya aahe kaaran tethe sampoorn imaratikhali, fakt purvekadil tokakhali nasoon, europemadhil sarvat mothe eka guptasthan aahe. guptabhatti eka sanrachanatmak uddesh sadhya karate. jaree teey vistrut asale taree, yaa guptasthalachi ardhi jaaga mothya khandkandware ghetali jaate, jeey varchya charchchya khoop patal khandakanche vajan pasaravatat. bahutek cathedralche manore aanee ghumat chaar khambanvar aadharlele aahet, tarr seent paulchya ghumatala aadhar denyasathi aath thikani rachana kelee aahe, jyamule payachya staravar vajanache vyapak vitaran sadhya hote. imaratichi pragati hott asatana paya sthayik jhaala aanee rene pratisadat sanrachanatmak badal kele.
seent paulchya haravalelya haravalelya jaaga drushyadrushtya ghenyaitka unch, eka aitihasik ghumat tayar karane, aanee tyach velee imaratichya aatoon pahilyavar drushyadrushtya samadhankarak disane, hii rachana samasyanpaiki eka hotee. seent pieterchya basilicapramanech, renane duheri-kavach asalelya ghumatachi yojana aakhali. seent peaters yetheel michelangelo yanni kelelya tulanet aateel aanee bahereel ghumatanchya unchila khoop mothya pramanat vegale karane haah tyanchya drushya samasyecha upay hota, golardhanaivaji catainary vakr mhanoon donhicha masuda tayar karane. aateel aanee bahereel ghumatandarmyan, rene eka vitancha shanku ghatala joou bahereel, shisene jhakalelya ghumatachya lakadanna aanee tyachya varr darmyan alankrut dagadi kandilala aadhar deto. shanku aanee aateel ghumat donhi 18 inch jaad aahet aanee pasarane aanee futane talhanyasathi vitanchya shankuchya aanee aateel ghumatachya peristylechya peristylechya antarane lokhandi sakhalyanni aadharlele aahet.
warrantchya rachnet talmajalyavaril bahya prushthbhag dakhavale hote. heey shastriy vaishishtya navhate aanee badalalelya pahilya ghatakanpaiki eka hote. tyaeivaji tyane bahya buttruschi garaj purnapane talhanyasathi cathedralchya bhinti visheshtah jaad kelya. clarestery aanee waltla waltla buttress majboot kele jaate, jeey atirikt takad denyasathi rachanechya tulanene usheera tappyavar jodale gele hote. heey varchya majalyachya padadyachya bhintimage lapavale jaatat, jeey imaratichya shastriy shailila abadhit thevanyasathi, ghumatatil swaroop santulit karnyasathi purese drushya dravyaman jodanyasathi jodale gele hote aanee jeey tyachya vajanadvare khalchya bhintinvaril buttresschya dabala pratihat karate.
designer, bandhkam vyavsayik aanee karagir.
rachana aanee susutrikaranachya vyapak kalat, raine yanni 1684 pasoon nicolaus hoxmoor yanna tyanche pramukh sahayyak mhanoon niyukt kele. 1696 teey 1711 darmyan william dickinson karakoon mojat hota. joshua marshal (1678 madhye tyachya suruvatichya mrutyuparyant) aanee thomas aanee tyacha bhau edward strong heey kushal rajmistri hote, nantarche doghe sampoorn bandhkamavar kaam karat hote. johnn langland tees varshanhun adhik kaal mukhya sutar hote. uttar praveshdvaravaril padiment aanee antargat fittingsvaril lakudasah imarativarach donhi dagadanvar kaam karnare hasanare gibbons heey mukhya shilpkar hote. shilpkar kaiyas gabriel sibarne dakshin transeptche pediment tayar kele tarr francis pakshi haah paschim pedimentmadhil 'seent paulche rupantaran' rupantaran' koreev kamasathi tasech paschim aaghadivaril saat mothya putalyansathi jababdar hota. william dickinsonne kalya aanee tri-aayami sangamaravarat majala pakka keela hota, jeane tijou heey darvaje aanee ballstradeschya sajavatichya lokhandi kamasathi jababdar hote. ghumatavaril chendu aanee cross andreau niblet yaa kavchachya sahayyane puravale gele hote. varr namood kelelya yuddhatil nukasananantar, bombchya dhakkyane nasht jhalelya lakadachya koreev kamachi aanee dagadi kamachi durusti karnyasathi anek karagiranna niyukt karnyat aale. eka vishesh lakshaniy gosht mhanje master carver, jino masero, jyala khristachi badali pratima, chunkhaditil aath phoot shilp, jeey sadhya unch vedivar ubhe aahe, koreev kaam karnyas niyukt karnyat aale hote.
varnan.
seent paul cathedral heey sanyamit barok shailit bandhale gele aahe, jeey palladio, inigo johnschi shastriy shaili, 17 vya shatkatil romchi barok shaili aanee francemadhye tyane pahilelya mansart aanee itaranchya imaratinchya preranene ingraji madhyayugeen cathedralchya paramparanche rainchya tarkbaddhikaranache pratinidhitva karate. visheshtah tyachya yojnet seent paulcha madhyayugeen prabhav disun yeto. york aanee winchesterchya madhyayugeen mahan cathedralpramanech, seent paulchi rundi tulanene lamb aahe aanee tyat jordar prakshepit transept aahet. tyachya darshani bhagavar khoop bharr deela jaato, jyachi rachana tyachya mageel imaratiche swaroop lapavanyaivaji paribhashit karnyasathi kelee gelee aahe. yojnabaddhapane, buruj heey well cathedralmadhye kelyapramane, gachchichya rundichya palikade aahet. rainche kaka mathyu raine heey eliche bishop hote aanee tyachya kakansathi kaam kelyanantar, raine heey ellie cathedralchya crossingveril adviteey ashtakoniy kandil kandil parichit hote, joou bahutek charchchya madhyavarti manore aanee ghumatanchya ulat, galiyaranmadhye tasech madhyavarti nabhimadhye pasarlela aahe. seent paulchya ghumatavar rachana kartana raine yanni heey vaishishtya sweekarle. seent paulchya vibhagat madhyayugeen swaroop dekhil aahe, jyat nabhipeksha khoop qamee galiyara aanee eka paribhashit clarestery aahe.
bahya.
sarvat prasiddha bahya vaishishtya mhanje ghumat, joou tyachya shikharavar vadhastambhavar chadhato aanee shaharachya drushyanvar varchasva gajavato. renachya khagolshastratil swarsyamule 365 phoot unchi spasht hote. hote shatkachya uttaradhaparyant seent paul hii shaharachya aakashareshevaril sarvat unch imarat hotee, jee rainchya itar shaharatil charchchya najuk shikharanni vedhaleli disavi mhanoon tayar kelee gelee hotee. surr bannister fletcher yanni yaa ghumatala 'europemadhil kadachit sarvottam', helen gardner yanni 'bhavya' aanee surr nicolaus pavesner yanni 'jagatil sarvat paripoorn' asey varnan kele aahe. surr johnn sumerson mhanale qee ingraj aanee "kahee paradeshisuddha" yala samaan nasalele manatat.
ghumat.
raine yanna michel angelochya seent pieterchya basilicachya ghumatatoon aanee tyanni bhet dilelya mansartchya church auph daad valle-dii-grasmadhun prerana midali. seent pieter aanee valle-dii-grasachya ulat, seent paulcha ghumat done spashtapane paribhashit majali dagadi bandhkamanmadhye ugavato, jeey, khalchya alankrut payathyashi miloon, sumare 95 phoot unchichya barobariche aahe. greek cross design" chya kalapasoon heey spasht aahe qee michelangelone vaparlelya aanee mansartne dekhil vaparlelya bariksarik khidakya aanee prakshepit stambhanchya vyavastheaivaji, ghumatchya drambhovati satat stambharachanechi ("peristyle") pasanti raine yanni kelee. sumerson suchavatat qee montoriomadhil sann pietrochya anganat bramantechya 'tempieto' chaa tyanchyavar prabhav hota. tayar jhalelya sanrachanet, raine pratyek chauthya ughadyamadhye stambhandarmyan jaaga thevun vividhata aanee shaktiche swaroop tayar karate. peristyle antargat ghumat aanee vitancha shanku yaa donhila ghatt karnyasathi kaam karate, joou kandilala aadhar denyasathi antargatpane ugavato.
peristylechya varr dusra tappa ubha hoto jyabhovati 'stone gallery' navachya eka khilkhilya balkanine vedhalele asate. yaa chaukatichya tappyala paryayi bhittistambh aanee aayatakruti khidkyanni sushobhit kele aahe jeey kanakotachya agadi khalee basavale aahet, jyamule halkyachi bhavna nirman hote. yaa chaukatichya varr ghumat varr chadhato, shisene jhakalela asato aanee bhittistambhanchya antaranusar pagadya bandhalela asato. tyala kandilchya agadi khalee aath halakya vihirinni chhedale aahe, parantu tyaa kvachitach disatat. teey vitanchya shankuchya ughadyanmadhun prakashala pravesh deu karatat, jeey yaa kavchatil aateel tokala prakashit karate, jeey cathedralchya aatoon khalchya ghumatachya netra ughadanadvare anshatah drishyaman hote.
ghumatachya drishyaman dagadi bandhkamapramane kandil tappyatappyane ugavato. yaa sanrachaneche sarvat asamanya vaishishtya mhanje tee golakar kinwa ashtakoniy nasoon chauras aarakhadyachi aahe. sarvat unch munch haah 'tempieto' chey roop gheto, jyamadhye chaar stambhayukt portico mukhya bindunsamor asatat. tyachi sarvat khalchi patali 'golden gallery' neey vedhaleli aahe aanee tyachya varchya majalyavar eka lahan ghumat aahe jithun soneri chenduvar cross chadhato. yaa kandilche ekoon vajan sumare 850 tunn aahe.
paschim aaghadi.
mothya church kinwa cathedralchya paschim bajuchi rachana chitran punarujjivanachya vastuvishardasathi, varchya madhyavarti nabhila khalchya galiyaryansah drushyadrushtya susangat sampurnapane ekatra karnyasathi darshani bhagacha vapar kassa karava hii sarvatrik samasya hotee. florencemadhil santa maria kadambarimadhye albertyne kelelya jodanimule, heey sahasa bajunna mothya kansasah madhyabhagi jodanyachya sopya upayane sadhya kele gele. haah upay mansartne valle-dii-grass yethe vaparla hota. mansartne vaparlele aanakhi eka vaishishtya mhanje jodidar stambhansah dhadsane prakshepit kelela shastriy portico. seent pieterchya basilicamadhye niyojit kelyapramane, yaa rachnet manore samavisht karnyache atirikt aavhan renla samore jaave lagale. seent pieter yethe, carlo madernon eka northex tayar karoon aanee tyabhovati padadyacha eka motha agrabhag pasaravun, madhyabhagi eka pedimentne vegale karoon hii samasya sodavali hotee. seent pieter yetheel manore parapetchya varr bandhale gele navhate.
wall-dii-graspramanech, pann done majali varr chadhat aanee jodidar stambhanvar aadhar dett, shastriy portico vaparane haah rencha upay hota. yethe ullekhaneey vaishishtya mhanje yaa praveshdvaratil khalcha majala galyanchya purn rundiparyant vistarlela aahe, tarr varcha bhag tyachya mage asalelya nabhichi vyakhya karato. praveshdvaravaril varchya tappyatil aanee donhi bajunchya bajunchya antar heey bhintichya arund bhagane aanee kamandar khidkyane bharoon kadhale aahe.
manore gachchichya rundichya baher ubhe aahet, parantu tyanchya mage lagech asalelya done prathanagruhanchi padada aahet. jeey khalche bhag bahya bhintinchya sankalpanevar aadharit aahet, parantu takadiche swaroop nirman karnyasathi teey tyanchyapeksha vegale aahet. khalchya majalyachya khidakya bajuchya bhintinpeksha lahan aahet aanee kholvar bandist aahet, jeey bhintichya jaadiche drushya sanket aahet. pratyek pratyek jodalele bhittistambh dhadsipane prakalp karatat.
mukhya bhuyaranchya varr, jeey jeey praveshdwar aanee bahereel bhintinshi ektrikaran karate, tapasheel dhadsipane mojale jaatat, jenekarun khalchya rastyapasoon aanee durvaroon changle vachata yeil. manore eka chauras chaukoni stambhapasun rangachya varr chadhatat, jeey mothya netrapatalashivay sapat aahe, jeey dakshinekade ghadyalane bharale jaate, tarr uttarekade teey rikt aahe. manore done purak ghatakanpasun banalele aahet, eka madhyavarti nalakar, joou stack kelelya dholanchya malikemadhye staranmadhun varr chadhato aanee aanee corinthian stambh jodalele asatat, tyanchya varr buttress asatat, jeey dholchya aakarala chauras aadharastambhasah ekatra aanatat jyavar too ubha aahe. stambhanvaril praveshika donhi ghatak vyakt karnyasathi tyanchyavar pudhe todate, tyanna ekach aadvya pattyat ekatra bandhate. topi, eka oji aakaracha ghumat, ananachya swarupat sonyachya rangachya antim bhagala aadhar dete.
pratyek bhagamadhye ardhvartulakar praveshdwar aahe. rommadhil santa maria della pesachya pitro daa cortonachya barok agrabhagachya koreev kamancha abhyas karoon raine yaa rachanepasoon prerit jhaala. yaa prakshepit kamani imaratichya purvekadil tokavaril epaschya aakaracha pratidhvani detat.
bhinti.
hii imarat done majali ashler dagadi bandhkamachi aahe, talmajalyachya varr aanee varchya rangachya varr eka khadiche bandhkam aahe. 1718 madhye, rainchya ichcheviruddha, ballstrade jodanyat aala. antargat khadya khalchya staravar corinthian capitals aanee varchya staravar sammishra jodalelya bhittistambhanni bahyaritya chinhankit kelya aahet. jithe mageel imarat keval ekach majalyachi aahe (navh aanee gayakvrund yaa donhichya gallyanvar), tithe bahereel bhinticha varcha majala dhisal aahe. heey khandakachya prushthbhagala aadhar dene aanee 17 vya shatkatil shaharachya unchichya imaratinchya varr varr jaatana samadhankarak swaroop pradan karane yaa duheri uddeshachi purtata karate. heey swaroop ajunahi thams nadichya palikade disu shakate.
donhi staranvaril bhittistambhanchya darmyan khidakya aahet. khalchya majlyavaril dokyavar ardhvartulakar shiro aahet aanee tyabhovati roman shailichya satatchya aakarane, sajavatichya kistonparyant vadhalelya aahet. pratyek khidakichya khalee visheshtah gibbonschi eka fulanchi patti aahe, jee imarativaril sarvat utkrusht dagadi koreev kaam aanee englandmadhil kahee sarvat mahan sthapatya shilpe aahe. khidkyanchya kamani aanee rajdhani bandhat, samaan swag asaleli eka chitrafit, rangachya khalee pattyamadhye chalate. varchya khidakya sanyamit shastriy swarupachya asatat, stambhanvar padiments basavalele asatat, parantu tyaa aandhalya asatat aanee tyat vishisht jaaga asatat. yaa thikanankhali aanee talmajalyavaril chhotya khidakya vibhagiy shirshansah aahet, jyache glazing prakash pakadate aanee tyanna drushyamanpane galyanchya mothya khidkyanshi jodate. jaminichya patalipasoon parapetchya varchya bhagaparyantchi unchi andaje 110 phoot aahe.
kumpan.
raine yanni tayar keleli mool kumpan 1870 chya dashakat padnyat aalee. torrento sarkarchya sarvekshakachya haste teey torrentola pathvanyat aale hote, jithe tevhapasoon tyane unch udyan sushobhit kele aahe.
aateel.
antargat, seent paulchya teen upasagaranpaiki pratyekamadhye eka nabh aanee gayakvrund aahe. paschim praveshdvaravarun praveshdwar eka chauras ghumat asalelya natheksamadhun aahe, jyachya bajula chapples aaheth uttarela seent dunstonche chappel aanee dakshinela seent michael aanee seent georgechya kramankache chappel. nabhi unchivar aahe aanee tee pyranchya aarkeddware galiyaryanpasun vegali kelee jaate, jyat corinthian bhittistambh jodalele asatat aanee teey eka praveshsthaleparyant vadhatat. vadhatat aanee tyamule khajinyache dabe aayatakruti aahet, parantu yaa jaganna rassachya aakarachya ghumatanni chhappar dile aanee claresterychya khidkyanna lunnetne vedhale. surr william blake richmond yanni gayakvrundachya chaukati mozaikne sajavalya aahet. ghumat aanee gayakvrundacha khadda yaa sarvankade prashast kamanidware, ghumatanchya gulgulit prushthbhagachya viruddha asalelya aanee mukhya jaganmadhil vibhajan viramchinh asalelya, khandkansah sampark sadhala jaato. heey bhag ghumatachya uttar aanee dakshinela vistartat aanee tyanna (yaa udaharanat) uttar gayakvrund aanee dakshin gayakvrund mhanatat.
gayakvrund heey padri, cathedral adhikari aanee gayakvrund aanee avayavansathi stalls aayojit karate. yaa lakadi fittings, jyat vyaspeeth aanee bishapche simhasana samavisht aahe, teey rainchya karyalayat tayar kele gele hote aanee aanee bandhale hote. korivkam heey visheshtah gibbonsche kaam aahe, jyanche varnan sumerson yanni 'aashcharyakarak suvidha' asalyache kele aahe, asey suchavate qee gibbonscha uddesh lakadatil lokpriy dutch fulanche chitra punha tayar karane haah hota. jeane tijou yaa french dhatoo kamgarane vividh lokhandi aanee sonyachya pattya, darvaje aanee vistrut rachaneche khoonpatrak puravale, jyapaiki anek vastoo aata abhayaranyajavalachya darvajanmadhye ekatra kelya gelya aahet.
cathedralchi kahee lambi (mothya paschim darvajachya praveshdvarasaha) aahe, jyapaiki nabhi aanee gayakvrund aahe.
nabhichi rundi aahe aanee parchya bhaganmadhye aahe. cathedral thodese lahan aahe parantu junya seent polpeksha kahise rund aahe.
ghumat.
cathedralchi mukhya antargat jaaga madhyavarti ghumatakhali aahe jee nabhi aanee galiyaranchi purn rundi vistarte. ghumatala, gabha, gayakvrund, gabha aanee galyanvar pasarlelya aath kamanichya darmyan darmyan latakalelya bhaganvar aadhar deela aahe. tyanna vahoon nenare aath khadde samaan antarane naheet. rene, galiyaranchya tokanvar dalane vahoon nenyasathi vibhagiy kamani ghaloon aath samaan vistaranche swaroop kayam thewale aahe aanee varchya kamanichya aakarmanala rund kamanichya barobarine vistarit kele aahe.
kamanichya kamanichya varchya bajula, jaminichya varchya bajula aanee rund, eka kankothali chalate jee tyachya dhwanik gunadharmanmule tathakathit tathakathit dalnala' aadhar deteh tyachya bhintivar konatyahi velee kujbuj kinwa qamee kurkur shrotyala aikoo yete, jyacha qaan dalanachya sabhovatalachya itar konatyahi thikani bhintivar asato. jaminipasoon 259 259 pohochata yete.
ghumat bhittistambhanni vedhalelya unch dholavar unch keela jaato aanee teen gatanmadhye khidkyanni chhedala jaato, aath sonyachya rangachya putalyanni vegale kele jaate aanee bahereel bajus peristylechya namunyachi punaravrutti kelee jaate. ghumat sonyachya rangachya rangachya varr unchivar aahe. surr james thornhill yanni rangavalelya yaa sajavatimadhye seent paulchya aayushyatil aath drushye darshavili aahet, jee jadutona chitran vastukalevar aadharit aahet, jee dholchya aath thikananchya rupanna pudhe netat. ghumatachya shikharavar rommadhil devdevtanchya netradvare prerit eka netra aahe. yaa chhidratun shankuchya sushobhit aateel prushthbhagala pahile jaau shakate joou kandilala aadhar deto. hii varchi jaaga bahereel ghumatatil halakya vihirinni aanee vitanchya shankuchya ughadyanni prakashit hote. kontyachya tekadichya chitranche korivkam 1720 madhye prakashit jhaale.
aii. pii. ess. eae.
purvekadil epus gayakvrundachya rundiparyant vistarato aanee gayakvrundachya aanee nabhechya mukhya kamanichi purn unchi aahe. gayakvrundanchya chaukatinusar teey mozaikne sajavale jaate. mool redo aanee unch vedi 1940 madhye bombsfotane nasht karnyat aalee. sadhyachi unch vedi aanee baldachino heey doubleu. chey kaam aahe. godfrey elon aanee stephen diax bower. 1958 madhye heey epus american memorial chappel mhanoon samarpit karnyat aale hote. tyasathi purnapane british lokanchya dengyandware paise dile jaat hote. roll auph aunar' madhye 28,000 hoon adhik american lokanchi nave aahet, jyanni jyache mahayuddhadarmyan united kingdamla jaat asatana kinwa tethe tainat asatana aapale pran dile. too prathanagruhachya vedisamor aahe. epaschya teen khidakya 1960 salchya aahet aanee seva aanee balidanachi sankalpana darshavtat, tarr kathambhovati asalele chinh american rajye aanee american sashastr dalanche pratinidhitva karate. limewood panelingmadhye eka rockett samavisht aahe-antaralatil amerikechya kamgirila shraddhanjali.
kalakruti, kabare aanee smarke.
seent paulche bandhkam purn honyachya velee, dagad aanee lakadatil shilpakalene, visheshtah visheshtah gibbonschya shilpakalene, kateri tekadijavalachya ghumatatil chitranni aanee jeane tijouchya vistrut dhatukamane sushobhit kele hote. surr william richmandchya mosack aanee diax bower aanee godfrey elon yanchya fittingene tyat aanakhi vaadh kelee aahe. cathedralmadhil itar kalakrutinmadhye, dakshin galgatat, william holman huntchya 'daad light auph daad world' yaa tyachya chitrakalechi prat samavisht aahe, jyachi mool pratima oxfordchya kebal collegemadhye tangleli aahe. seent. edward robbert hugs yanchya mahattvapoorn mahitisah paulchi aavrutti purn jhaali kaaran shikar aata kachbindune grast hota. uttar gayakvrundatil galgatat heinry muur yanni 1943 madhye koralele 'madona andd child' chey chunkhadiche shilp aahe. yaa guptasthanat 200 hoon adhik smarke aanee asankhya daphan aahet. 1723 madhye daphan karnyat aaleli khristofar raine hii pahili vyakti hotee. tyachya thadgyachya varchya bhintivar lattin bhashet lihile aaheh "lector, see monumentum rikiris, circumspice" ("vachak, jarr tumhi tyache smarak shodhat asal tarr tumchya bhovati pahaa").
alfried stevens yanni duke auph wellingtonla dilele heey cathedralmadhil sarvat mothe smarak aahe. too nabhichya uttar bajula ubha aahe aanee tyachya ghodyavar 'copenhagen' asalelya wellingtonchi moorti aahe. jaree suruvatila ashvarohanachya aakrutiche niyojan kele gele asale taree charchmadhye ghoda thevanyachya kalpanevaril aakshepanmule 1912 paryant tyachi sthapana rokhali gelee. ghoda aanee swar johnn tweed yanni kele aahet. dukela gupt guptasthanat daphan kele jaate.
laurd nelson, horatiochi kabar, velingtonchya shejari, gupt guptasthalat aahe. tyache avashesh dharan karnari sangamarvari kabar cardinal volsisathi banavali gelee hotee parantu cardinalchya pasantila naan midalyane tee vaparali gelee nahee. guptasthalachya purvekadil tokavar 1917 madhye ushkerale gelele aanee laurd motistone johnn sealy yanni rachana kelele british samrajyachya kramache prathanagruh aahe. british lashkarachya smaranarth itar anek smarke aahet, jyat karvait maran pavalelya sainikanchya anek yadincha samavesh aahe, sarvat alikadache mhanje aakhati yuddh.
florence nightingale, jeey. heey dekhil lakshat aahet. emm. doubleu. turner, arther sullivan, hubert parry, samuel johnson, laurence auph arabia, william blake aanee surr alekzandar flaming tasech padri aanee sthanik parishche rahivasi. gelya hazar varshanpasun bishop aanee cathedral deanschya yadya aahet. adhishthata aanee kavee johnn donne yanchi shilpe hii sarvat ullekhaneey shilpanpaiki eka aahe. tyachya mrutyupurvi, donne tyachya swatachya smarak putalyasathi poj dilee aanee nikolasachya dagadane daphan kafnat gundallele aanee antyavidhichya kalshavar ubhe asalyache chitrit kele. 1630 chya sumaras koralele heey shilp, 1666 chya aagit abadhit rahilele ekmev shilp aahe. khajina dekhil guptasthanat aahe parantu cathedralmadhye khoop qamee khajina aahet kaaran barech kahee haravale aahe aanee 22 december 1810 roji eka mothya darodyane urvarit serve maulyavan kalakruti jawaljawal lutalya.
laurd nelson, duke auph wellington, winston churchill, george mallory aanee margaret thatcher yanchyasah anek ullekhaneey vyaktinchya antyasanskar cathedralmadhye karnyat aale aahet.
ghadyal aanee ghanta.
1709 madhye langley bradleyne nairutya vayavya eka ghadyal basavale hote, parantu 19 vya shatkachya akheris teey kharab jhaale. sadhyachya yantranechi nirmiti 1893 madhye smith auph derbyne kelee hotee, jyat edmond denison becketne 1895 madhye bigg benchya yantranevar edward dentne vaparlelya escapementchya rachanecha samavesh keela hota. ghadyal yantrana lamb aahe aanee shatkanushatke seent paulchya cathedralmadhye sadar kelelya ghadyalanpaiki sarvat alikadachi aahe. 1969 pasoon ghadyalala derbychya smithne tayar kelelya aanee sthapit kelelya upkarananni vijene bund kele gele aahe, jyamule ghadyalachya sanrakshakala avjad vahan vajan vadhavanyachya kamatoon aaram midala aahe.
nairutya vayavya chaar ghanta dekhil aahet, jyapaiki jeey. yanni 1881 madhye vajavalelya gret paul. doubleu. 2012 chya london olympicsathi olympicchi ghanta vajavanyapurvi, lofberochya tellerchya bail foundrycha teller, british betanmadhil sarvat motha ghanta hota. jaree paramparikpane darroj dupari 1 vajata ghanta vajavali jaat asali, taree badya aavajanchi yantrana tutalyamule anek varshanpasun mothee ghanta vajavali jaat navhati. 1970 chya dashakat, ghanta aat asalelya thikani clapper clapper boltchi fodani jhaali hotee. clapper aanee tyache nilamban, jyache vajan ektritpane eka tunn hote, teey khalee dilelya ghadyal yantranetun padale hote, jyamule 30,000 poundche nuksan jhaale hote. 1989 chya sumaras, clapper shevati aanee aparivartaniyapane tutala hota. 31 julai 2021 roji, londonmadhye ghendyanchya utsavadarmyan, done dashkant prathamach, ghanta ghanta lokanni haat firvat, gret paul vajavala. ghadyalachya ghantyanmadhye gret tomcha samavesh hota, joou westminsterchya rajvadyatil seent stephenchya prathanagruhatun halavanyat aala hota aanee gelya velee richard felpsney anek vela tyachi punarbandhani kelee hotee. jaree amerikeche rashtradhyaksh james garfield yanchya nidhananantar apavad karnyat aala asala, taree too vel vajavato aanee rajgharanyatil, londonche bishop kinwa londonche laurd meyer yanchya mrutyuchya prasangi paramparikpane toll keela jaato. ranee elizabeth dviteey yanchya mrutyusathi 2022 madhye, tyanchya 96 varshanchya sanmanarth deshbharat itar ghanta vajavat, darr minitala ekada vajavat, haah shevatcha toll hota.
1717 madhye, richard felpsney aanakhi done ghanta vajavalya jyaa 'quarter jacq' mhanoon jodalya gelya jyaa ardhya tasala vajatat. aajahi vaparat asalele, pahile vajan, vyas aanee ashee julavun ghetale jaate; dusare vajan aanee vyas aanee eeshi julavun ghetale jaate.
vayavya vayavya johnn teller andd company auph lofbero yanni badalasathi tanglelya 12 ghanta aahet. janewari 2018 madhye nutanikaranasathi ghanta kadhoon taknyat aalya aanee tyaa varshi septembermadhye tyaa punha tangnyat aalya, serve santanchya divashi prathamach punha vajavanyat aalya. 1700 salchi mool seva kinwa 'communion' ghanta aanee jyala 'daad banger' mhanoon olakhale jaate, tee sakali 8 vajanyapurvi vajavali jaate.
shikshan, paryatan aanee qalaa.
artharachana prakalp.
arth lavnyacha prakalp haah eka dirghakalin prakalp aahe joou seent paulla tyachya serve abhyagatansathi jiwant karnyashi sambandhit aahe. 2010 madhye, seent paulchya adhishthata aanee adhyayachya madhyamatoon seent paul auculus haah 270° chitrapat anubhav ughadala gela, joou 1400 varshanchya itihasala jiwant karato. gupt guptasthanatil purvichya khajinyat sthit asalela haah chitrapat abhyagatanna seent paul cathedralchya itihasatoon aanee dainandin jivanatoon pravasavar gheuun jaato. auculusla american express companyne world monuments fund, jeey. chya bhagidarit nidhi deela hota. pii. morgan, seent paul cathedralsathi garfield weston trust, london endoment trust aanee aayag shahar.
2010 madhye, naveen touchscreen multimedia margdarshak dekhil suru karnyat aale. yaa margdarshakancha samavesh pravesh darat keela jaato. yaa naveen multimedia margdarshakansah abhyagat cathedralcha itihas, vastukala aanee vyast karyarat churchche dainandin jeevan shodhu shakatat. teey 12 vegvegalya bhashanmadhye upalabdh aaheth ingraji, french, german, italian, spanish, portugij, polish, russian, manderine, japani, corian aanee british sanketik bhasha (bii. ess. ell.). margdarshakankade ghumat dalananche fly-thru video aanee chhatavarche mozek, chitrakala aanee chhayachitran yanche zoom karnyayogya close-up aahet. tadnyanchya mulakhati aanee bhashyamadhye seent paulche adhishthata, sanwardhan pathak aanee sangeet sanchalakancha samavesh aahe. sangrahit chitrapatanchya footagemadhe cathedralchya itihasatil pramukh seva aanee ghatana samavisht aahet.
paryatkansathi shulk.
jeey lock upasak nasoon prekshaniy aahet tyanchya praveshasathi seent paulche shulk; shulk 23 paund (online kharedi kelyavar £ 20.50) aahe. sevechya velechya baher, prathna kinwa pujesathi shant jaaga shodhat asalelya lokanna seent dunstonchya prathanagruhat vinamulya pravesh deela jaato. ravivari lokanna keval seva aanee maifilisathi pravesh deela jaato aanee tethe prekshaniy sthale naheet. paryatkansathi shulk aakarle jaate kaaran seent paulla taaj, ingland church kinwa rajyakadoon niyamit kinwa lakshaniy nidhi milat nahee aanee tee imarat khristi upasaneche kendra mhanoon kaam karoo denyasathi tasech samanya dekhbhal aanee durustiche kaam karnyasathi paryatanatun paryatanatun utpannavar avalambun asate.
seent paul cathedral qalaa prakalp.
seent paul cathedral arts prakalp qalaa aanee shraddhecha shodh gheto. prakalpanmadhye jairie juda, antoney gormali, rebekka horn, yoko ono aanee martin firrell yanchya sthapanecha samavesh aahe.
2014 madhye, seent paulchya jairie judahne pahilya mahayuddhachya suruvatichya 100 vya vardhapan dinachya smaranarth nevhmadhye eka kalakruti tayar karnyasathi niyukt kele. tri-aayami tri-aayami vadhastambhanchi done netradipak shilpe uttarekadil francechya aanee pudhechya yuddhakalatil katekorpane rakhalya gelelya kabari pratibimbit karatat. pratyek shilpakala madhyapurvetil yuddhakshetranche chitran chitran chhotya nasht jhalelya nivasi bloxney sushobhit kelee aahe-siiriya, baghdad, afghanistan-asha prakare 100 varshanchya yuddhala jodate.
biil violane seent paul cathedralmadhye kayamswarupi pradarshanasathi done vediche tukade tayar kele aahet. prakalpache utpadan 2009 chya madhyat suru jhaale. seent paulchya aateel bhagachi swachchata aanee durusti karnyachya vyapak karyakramanantar, 2005 madhye purn jhalelya viola yaa prakalpala merrie aanee shaheed yaa sankalpananvar aadharit done vediche tukade tayar karnyache kaam denyat aale. heey done bahu-padadyache video pratishthapan kayamswarupi, cathedralchya unch vedila aanee american memorial chappela lagoon asalelya, koyarechya kadela sthit aahet. pratyek kamat aitihasik vedichya tukdyanpramanech sanrachit kelelya anek plazma screen panelchi vyavastha vaparali jaate.
2010 chya unhalyat, seent paulane british kalakar marqa alekzandar yanchya done naveen kalakruti nivadalelya, jyaa nabhichya donhi bajunna tanglya gelya. laal manheim asey donhi shirshak asalele alekzandarche mothe laal reshami padade manheim cathedralchya vedipasoon (1739-41) prerit aahet, jyache jyache mahayuddhat bombsfotane nuksan jhaale hote. mool shilpakalet khristache vadhastambhavar chitran kele aahe, jyabhovati shoke shoke parichit chamooche chitra aahe. khristache fatalele shareer, aanee swargatil vanaspati aanee tapkirananchi bharbharat, asha bhavya giltwoodmadhye sadar keleli german rokokochi hii utkrusht krutee, mohak saundarya aanee tivra dharmanishthatechi vastoo aahe.
march 2010 madhye, antoney gormaliche flair II heey shilp bhaumitik bhaumitik basavanyat aale.
2007 madhye, adhishthata aanee shakhene martin firrell yanna rainchya imaratichya 300 vya vardhapan dinanimitt eka pramukh sarvajanik kalakruti tayar karnyas niyukt kele. aateel prashnachinhat cathedralchya ghumatavar, paschim samore aanee aatalya bajula kujbujat asalelya galleriever digital majkurache prakshepan hote. haah majkoor samanya lokanchya blogg yogdanavar tasech kalakarane ghetalelya mulakhatinvar aanee kalakarachya swatachya matanvar aadharit hota. yaa prakalpane yaa prashnachya sambhavya uttarancha eka pravah sadar kelah "jeevan arthpurn aanee uddeshpurn kashamule banate aanee tyaa samkalin sandarbhat seent paulcha arth kaay aahe?"aatale prashnachinh 8 november 2008 roji ughadale gele aanee aath ratri chalale.
seent paulchi chitre.
seent paul cathedralche chitra, chhap aanee rekhachitranmadhye anek vela chitran kele gele aahe. canelleto, turner, dobbigny, pisaro, signac, derren aanee lloyd rees heey tyache chitra chitra prasiddha kalakaranpaiki aahet.
chhayachitran aanee chitrapat.
seent paul cathedral haah anek chhayachitrancha vishay rahila aahe, visheshtah vadaladarmyan dhurane vedhalelya ghumatatil pratima. chitrapat aanee durchitravani karyakramanmadhye (thams televisionchya sarvat manyataprapt olakhisah), ektar chitrapatacha kendrabindu mhanoon, 'mothya imaratinvar chadhane' chya bhagapramane; chitrapatache vaishishtya mhanoon, 'merrie poppins' pramane; kinwa nairutya nairutya rainchya bhaumitik sopyansarkhe aanushangik sthan mhanoon, jeey 'harry potter andd daad candid auph azkaban' yasah anek chitrapatanmadhye disale aahe, yacha vapar keela gela aahe.
jyaa chitrapatanmadhye seent paulche chitran kele gele aahe tyamadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh

