1988-1994 british prasaran aavaj nirbandh

aktoobar 1988 teey september 1994 paryant british sarkarne united kingdam (yuu. keey.) madheel durdarshan aanee rediovar siin pheen aanee anek ayrish prajasattak aanee nishthavant gatanchya pratinidhinchya aavajanchya prasaranavar bandee ghatali. 19 aktoobar 1988 roji gruhasachiv dugglus hurdney jaheer kelelya nirbandhanmadhye uttar irelandmadhil akra sanghatanancha samavesh hota. yaa bandimule, adchanichya kalat (1960 teey 1990) hinsachar vadhala aanee tyamule britton sarkarcha, siin pheen yanna rajkiy fayadhyasathi madhyamancha vapar karnyapasoon rokhanyachya garajevareel vishvas pratibimbit jhaala.
prasarkanni bandichya aaspasche marg patkan shodhale, pramukhyane bandee ghatalelya vaktyanche aavaj dub karnyasathi abhinetyancha vapar karoon. nivadanuk pracharadarmyan aanee itar kahee vishisht paristhitinmadhye haah kayada lagoo jhaala nahee. iraq aanee bharatasarkhya itar vividh deshanni ladalelya sensorshipchya virodhat virodhat british patrakaranna nirbandhanmule adachani aalya. irelandchya prajasattakane nimalashkari gatanshi sambandh asalelya konavarhi havai laharinmadhun bandee ghatali hotee, parantu heey nirbandh janewari 1994 madhye sampushtat aale. yamule british sarkarvar tyache dhoran sodoon denyacha dabav vadhala; johnn mejarne 16 september 1994 roji, pahilya tatpuratya ayrish prajasattak sainyachya yuddhaviramachya pandharvadyanantar (31 august 1994 roji ghoshit) prasaran bandee uthavali.
parshvabhoomi.
yaa serve samasyanchya kalat, brittonchya prasarkanna niyamitpane mahitipat aanee irelandshee sambandhit itar karyakramanche prasaran thambavane kinwa pudhe dhakalane aavashyak hote. yache sarvat pramukh udaharan mhanje 1985 saalee bii. bii. see. sathee 'unionchya kathavar' asalela 'real life' mahitipat. yaa karyakramat siin fenchya martin mcginnessche aanee democratic unionist pakshachya gregory campabelache vyapak footage hote, jyat samasyanvar charcha kelee jaat hotee aanee sarkarchya thet hastakshepanantar teey prasarit karnyapasoon tatpurte rokhanyat aale hote. yaa ghatanemule patrakaranchya rashtriy sanghatanechya sadasyanni eka divasiy sump pukarla, jeey bii. bii. see. chya swatantryala dhakka basalyachya nishedharth sabhatyag karat hote.
bandee lagoo honyapurvichya mahinyanmadhyehi visheshtah tras-sambandhit hinsacharacha tivra kaal disun aala hota. tyaa kalatil sarvat raktaranjit ghatananpaiki eka mhanje balligauli bus bombsfot, jyamadhye anek british sainikancha mrutyu jhaala. aanakhi eka ghatana mhanje irachya antyavidhi miravnukit gelelya done kartvyabahya british sainikanchya hatyemule, antyasanskarala upasthit asalelya patrakaranni shahee alster constabularychi ghataneche footage denyachi vinanti nakarlyanantar prasarmadhyamandhye sarkarshi sangharsh nirman jhaala, asey kelyane tyanna dhoka nirman hoil yaa chintet. yala uttar mhanoon, pantpradhan margaret thatcher yanni haus auph commonsla sangitale qee, tapasat madat karane heey patrakaranche 'bandhankarak kartavya' aahe. "ektar yaa prakarananmadhye eka nyayachya bajoone aahe kinwa eka dahashatvadachya bajoone aahe. tyanantar dahashatvad pratibandh aanee aapatkalin tartudinchya kayadyantargat bbc aanee itnkadun chitrapat japt karnyat aala.
puranmatvadi sarkarla asey vatale qee iranchya krutiche rakshan karnyasathi madhyamancha vapar karnyapasoon paap fenla rokhanyasathi krutee karanyachi garaj aahe aanee hinsacharat vaadh honyachya vyapak sarkari pratisadacha haah eka bhag hota, jyamadhye shantata rakhanyachya adhikaracha badal aanee nimalashkari kaidyanna lavkar sodanyas parvanagi denare niyam kadak karane dekhil samavisht hote. september 1988 madhye channell 4 chya charcha karyakramachya 'after darqa' chya ichchit aavruttivarun aanakhi vaad nirman jhaala, jyamadhye siin fenche adhyaksh, jairie admus heey pahune mhanoon jhalakanar hote. dahashatvad aanee rajkiy hinsacharachya abhyasat tadnya asalelya eberdine vidyapithatil pradhyapak paul wilkinson yaa puranmatvadi shaikshanikane tyachya prasaravar tivra aakshep ghetalyanantar haah karyakram vagalanyat aala.
bandee.
19 aktoobar 1988 roji, gruh sachiv, dugglus hurdney, bbc parvanyachya kalam 13 (4) antargat aanee bbcla kelelya kararaantargat aanee prasaran kayada 1981 chya kalam 29 (3) antargat swatantra prasaran pradhikaranala eka notice jaaree kelee, jyat akra ayrish rajkiy aanee lashkari sanghatananchya pratinidhinni kinwa samarthakanni thet vidhane prasarit karnyavar bandee ghatali. yaa bandimule brittonchya vrutt madhyamanna daha ayrish republican aanee alster nishthavant nimalashkari gatanche tasech siin pheen yanche shabd prasarit karnyapasoon rokhale gele. prabhavit jhalelya itar gatanmadhye tatpurte iira, ayrish national liberation armi, alster defence association aanee alster svayamsevak dall yancha samavesh hota, jaree bandee pramukhyane siin fenla lakshya karoon hotee. bandibabat haus auph commonsla sambodhit kartana, harden mhanale, "dahashatvadyanna swatah redio aanee durchitravanichya praveshatoon pathimba aanee udarnirvah midato... dahashatvadacha prachar karnyasathi jeey yacha vapar karatat tyanna haah sopa munch nakaranyachi vel aalee aahe, tarr puranmatvadi pantpradhan margaret thatcher mhanale qee, teey dahashatvadyanna prasiddhicha pranavayu nakarel.
1981 chya kayadyane gruhasachivanna janahitprashnachya babatit upayayojana karanyachi parvanagi dilee. jaree eka adthala manya jhaala asala taree sansadiy charchechi aavashyakta navhati aanee 2 november 1988 roji haus auph commonsmadhye yaa vishayavar charcha jhaali. virodhi kamgar pakshane sarkarchya nirnayacha nishedh karat eka durusti sadar kelee, jee "mukt samajashi visangat" aahe, parantu kahee puranmatvadi khasdaranni kamgaranna matdan karoonahi tee nakarli gelee. rashtriy nagri swatantrya parishadene yaa kayadyacha nishedh keela. bandichya nishedharth national union auph journalistsne 10 novemberla eka divasiy sump pukaranyachi yojana aakhali hotee, parantu tyachya sadasyanmadhye ekmat naan jhalyane hii karvai mage ghenyat aalee. tyanantar prasaran patrakaranchya eka gatane bandee uthavanyasathi kayadeshir aavhan dile, parantu meey 1989 madhye uchch nyayalayane gruhasachivanni kayadesheerpane kaam kele asey tharavale. nantar apeal nyayalayat jhalelya sunavanine december 1989 madhye too nirnay kayam thewala.
bandimule chhapil aanee prasaran madhyamanna samaan staravar thewale jaeel assa adthalacha vishvas hota, parantu nirbandhanchya virodhakancha assa yuktivad hota qee teey uttar irelandmadhil batmyanchya ahavalanchya gunavattevar parinam karat aahet aanee parinami lokanchya samasyambaddalachya samajutivar parinam karat aahet. niyamanna aavhan aavhan eka, prasarak scarlett mcgwirene 1989 madhye sangitale qee, "heey prakaran keval patrakarambaddal aanee uttar irelandcha yogya ahwal denyas saksham asanyabaddal nahee. tithe kaay chalale aahe heey lokanna samjat naslyamule teey yogyaritya nondavale jaat nahee yabaddal aahe. bii. bii. see. chey adhyaksh marmaduke hassie yanni yaa bandila "atishay dhokadayak purvavarti" mhatale. prasarmadhyamanchya aanee prasaran swatantryachya mohimedware aayojit aanee 50 emm. pii. ess. chya chya eka yachika, tyachya prarambhichya pahilya vardhapandinanimitta 10 downing streetwar sadar karnyat aalee.
amalbajavani.
prasarmadhyamanna sahasa nirbandhancha tyanchya paddhatine arth lavnyasathi sodale jaat asey aanee bandichi rakkam suruvatila sangrahit sahityasathi purvalakshi prabhavane lagoo kelee jaat hotee, jaree nantar sarkarchya sallyanantar tyat shithilata aanali gelee. 2005 madhye bii. bii. see. chey majee mahasanchalak johnn bert mhanale qee, 'heard' chee ghoshana 'agadi nilya rangatoon' jhaali, tarr 1988 madhye siin fensathi prasiddhi sanchalak asalelya danny maurisonne parinami jhalelya sampoorn gondhalababat bhashya kele. "mea durchitravani aanee redio patrakaranna vicharale, 'kaay karata yeil?'upashirshakancha vapar suruvatila keela jaat hota, parantu naveen kayadyala vagalanyacha eka mukhya marg mhanje thet bolu naan naan abhinetyancha aavaj badalane. bii. bii. see. aanee tyachya vyavsayik samkakshanni asha kalakaranchi yadee tayar kelee jyanna anekada alpavadhichya soochanevar, samasyambaddalachya batamya aanee mahitipatansathi aavaj nondavanyasathi bolavale jaau shakate. jyaa vyakticha aavaj dub keela jaat hota tyachyasobat kalakar varanvar vastavik velet shabd bolat asat. jairie admuschi ashich eka mulakhat ekada us cnn networkwar disali, konalahi teey ekhadya abhinetyache bolane aikat aahet heey lakshat aale nahee.
durchitravanivaril natak, mahitipat aanee charcha karyakramanna dekhil nirbandh lagoo karnyat aale hote. december 1988 madhye uttar irelandche rajya sachiv tomm king yanni channell 4 laa us drama malika 'lau grant' chaa eka bhag radd karnyache aadesh dile jyat eka kalpanik iira gunnererchi katha hotee, jaree tee aadhi prasarit jhaali hotee. "mahila aanee ayrish rashtravadabaddal 1988 saalee tayar jhalelya 'mudder ireland' yaa mahitipatavar, jyat maired farrelchi mulakhat samavisht hotee, nantar gibraltarmadhye saas operationadarmyan golya ghaloon thaar maranyat aale, suruvatila bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee. april 1991 madhye sensorshipchya eka hangamat channell 4 dware pradarshit kele gele tevha prajasattakvadavaril farrellche shabd punha dub kele gele. nantarchya eka prasangi rajkiy karyakartya bernadet devlin mccalisky bii. bii. see. chya 'neshan' chya eka aavruttivar rajkiy hinsacharachya karananvar charcha kartana disalyabaddal dekhil sensor karnyat aale, jevha tine jeey sangitale tyateel bahutek upashirshake hotee.
yaa bandicha arth kadhikadhi aitihasik vyaktinchahi lavala jaat asey. yache eka udaharan 1990 madhye ghadale, jevha majee taosich aanee irelandche adhyaksh emon dii valeira yancha aavaj channell 4 vareel shalechya durchitravani mahitipatatun kadhoon taknyat aala, kaaran dii valeira-jyache 1975 madhye nidhan jhaale-1917 teey 1926 paryant siin fenche adhyaksh hote.
county sound yaa surre yetheel redio stationane gildford forechya pracharkartya erol smallychi mulakhat dilee, jaree too nirnay ulatavalyanantar nantar aala. november 1988 madhye 'street auph sog/birmingham six'-birmingham six aanee gildford forala pathimba vyakt karnare pogsche gaane-niyamanchya adheen hote kaaran tyat 'british sarkar jyaa prakare pratisad dete aanee nyayalaye jyaa prakare hatalatat tyachyashi samanya matbhed hote, yukemadhil dahashatvadi dhoka'.
matra, hii bandee nehmich lagoo kelee gelee nahee. 1992 chya sarvatrik nivadanukidarmyan nirbandh kahee kalasathi uthavanyat aale, jyamule siin fainche adhyaksh jairie admus aanee soshal democratic aanee lebber partyche nete johnn hyum yanchyatil rajkiy vadavivad nivadanuk pracharadarmyan aikoo yeu shakala, parantu nivadanuka sampalyanantar bandee punha suru jhaali, agadi admuschya sansadiy jagevaril parabhavachi pratikriya thet prasarit honyapasoon rokhali gelee. jarr sambandhit batami thet tyanchya rajkiy vishvasanshi kinwa nimalashkari karvayanshi sambandhit nasel tarr ekhadya vyakticha kharaa aavaj dekhil prasarit keela jaau shakato. tyachpramane, nirbandhanchya adheen asalelya konatyahi vyakticha, joou ekhadya ghatanecha kinwa ghatanecha pratyakshadarshi hota, aikala jaau shakat hota. februwari 1992 madhye, alster defence association tyachya gharavar kelelya hallyabaddal bolatana, siin faincha eka nagarsevak gerard mcgiggan yacha aavaj prasarit karnyat aala. edams yanna tyanchya malmattevar ashach prakarchya hallyabaddal bolanyachi parvanagi dekhil denyat aalee hotee. dusarya eka prasangi, patrakar pieter teller yanna turungatil mez turungatil kaidyanna turungavishayichya mahitipatasathi pravesh denyat aala, parantu kaidyanna tyanchya vaiyaktik jivanabaddal muktapane bolanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee asatana, iira kaidyanchya ann pravaktyane turungatil sossage rolchya aakarabaddal keleli takrar punha nondavavi lagali. 2005 madhye, durdarshan nirmate francis velch yanni yaa ghataneche varnan 'nirbandhanche vastavik swaroop' adhorekhit karnari ghatana mhanoon kele.
1994 madhye, armando ianukki aanee criss mauris yanchya 'daad day tude' yaa vinodi maliketil eka rekhachitrane nirbandhanchi vidambana kelee, jyat steve kooganane 'tyachya vidhanatoon vishvasarhata qamee karnyasathi' heliumcha shwas ghet asatana, 'geree admus-esk siin pheen leader' chee veshbhusha kelee.
niyam hatvane.
thatcherche pantpradhan mhanoon uttaradhikari johnn mejar yanni november 1993 madhye niyamancha aadhava jaheer keela, haus auph commonsla sangitale qee, nirbandhanchya adheen asalelyanchya mulakhati "maryadeparyant aanee kadachit tyapalikade" vadhavalya jaat aahet, assa puranmatvadi pakshatil samanya vishvas hota. tyacha nirnay garry admuschya durchitravani mulakhatinantar jhaala, jyache varnan eka puranmatvadi khasdar, jeal nite yane "mothya sankhyene lokansathi aparadh" kele asey kele. puranmatvadi backbenturers aanee yuniyanvadi emm. pii. ess. yanna adhik kathor nirbandh havey hote aanee 'ayrish kalat' eka 'vyapak bhavna' nondavali gelee hotee, jee pramukhanni sampoorn bandila pathimba darshavali hotee, parantu patrakaranni yala virodh keela hota. tyat bii. bii. see. chey johnn simpson yancha hawala denyat aala aahe, jyanni mhatale hote qee uttar irelandmadhil ghatanancha ahwal dene "aksharshah ashakya" hoil. tyaa velee shantata prakriyechya vadhatya gatine uttar irelandshee sambandhit vishayanche vartankan adhik varanvar hott hote. varsa vibhagache rajya sachiv pieter brook yanni haah aadhava ghetala. februwari 1994 madhye mejarchya sarkarne yathasthiti kayam thevanyacha nirnay ghetala.
janewari 1994 madhye ayrish sarkarchya prasaran pradhikaran kayada 1960 chya kalam 31 chya vaidhanik sadhananna radd karanyachi parvanagi dilyanantar nirbandh mage ghenyacha dabav vadhala. yamule nimalashkari gatanchya pratinidhinshi aanee siin fenshee redio aanee durdarshan mulakhati ghenyas bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee (pahah ireland prajasattakatil sensorship). tevhapasoon, uttar irelandmadhil konihi jyala republic auph irelandchya rajya prasarak, aar. tii. eae. madhye pravesh aahe, too yookechya niyamannusar ajunahi prasaran laharinpasoon pratibandhit asalelya konachahi aavaj aikoo shakat hota. doublin sarkarchya nirnayala pratisad detana, jairie admus mhanale, "20 varshanhun adhik kaal chalalelya rajkiy sensorshipne sangharshache nirakaran karnyachya konatyahi aashevar gadaa aananyache kaam kele aahe. tyanni mahiticha adhikar nakarla aahe. changla moksh."1994 madhye edamsane sanyukt rajyanna dilelya bhetidarmyan niyam visheshtah charchet aale, jithe tyanni eka bhashan dile jeey jagbharat mothya pramanat prasarit jhaale, parantu bandimule yukemadhye tyache bhashantar karave lagale. meey 1994 madhye patrakaranchya rashtriy sanghatnene european manavadhikar aayogakade kayadeshir aavhan suru kele, jyat european manavadhikaranchya kararantargat abhivyakti swatantryachya ullanghanasathi british sarkarla nyayalayat nenyacha prayatna keela gela, parantu heey prakaran nakarnyat aale. 1991 madhye ayrish sarkarviruddha tyachya prasaran bandivarun aanalele asech aavhan dekhil radd karnyat aale hote.
irachya pahilya yuddhabandichya ghoshanenantar pandharvadyabharat, 16 september 1994 roji brittenveril bandee uthavanyat aalee. tyach divashi mejarne jaheer kele qee uttar irelandla prajasattakashi jodanare daha raste (jeey british suraksha dalanni bund kele hote) punha ughadale jaatil aanee uttar irelandchya prashasanachya bhavishyasathi vataghaticha konatahi karar sarvamtas adheen asel asey aashvasan dile. siin fenche upaneta martin mcguinness yanni nirbandh sampalyanantar lagechach alster televisionla tyanchi pahili thet mulakhat dilee.
bandee sampavanyachya nirnayache prasarkanni swagat kele. channell 4 chey tatkalin mukhya karyakari michael grade mhanale qee, "yuddhanantarchya varshatil sarvat mahattvachya deshantargat rajkiy katheche chitran sensor karnyachya sarvat lajirvanya prayatnanpaiki eka prayatna sampala aahe", tarr johnn bert yanni tippani kelee, "aamhi punha ekada serve bajunna samanya aanee chachani chhanani lagoo karoo shakato". siin fenane dekhil tyanchya manjuriche sanket dile, parantu bandee uthavanyachya nirnayakade sanghvadi rajkarnyanni adhik savadhgirine pahile. lokshahi sanghvadi pakshache pieter robbinson yanna haah nirnay akali asalyache vatale, tarr iira hii eka sashastr sanghatana rahili. "jyaa purushanchya tafyankhali ajunahi banduka aanee bomb aahet, jeey ajunahi margkraman karat nastil tarihi tyanna thaar marnyacha adhikar rakhoon thevatat, asha purushanchya samoohala heey vastavik manyata dete".
vishleshan.
nirbandhanvar charcha charcha karananya bii. bii. see. chya mahitipatache nirmate francis velch yanni assa yuktivad keela qee kayadyane "uttar irelandmadhil ghatananchya ahwal denyachya prakriyet dabav aanala", tarr siin fenchya danny maurisoncha assa vishvas hota qee bandee heey "prajasattak chalvalila shant karnyachya prayatnat sarkarne vaparlele yuddh shastra" hote. tathapi, majee puranmatvadi khasdar norman tabit mhanale qee prasarmadhyame 'siin fain' aanee iira 'chee' prasiddhi 'dett aahet jee tyanna viola nako hotee. lokshahi sanghvadi pakshache pieter robbinson yanni yuktivad keela qee kayadyacha vapar heey "rajyasathi vaparnyasathi eka vaidh shastra aahe".
1994 madhye bii. bii. see. chya batamya aanee vartaman ghadamodinche pramukh toney holl yanni assa yuktivad keela qee nirbandhanmule prekshakanna niyamanchya adheen asalelyambaddal yogya nirnay ghenyachi parvanagi nahee, kaaran tyanchya aavajatil sookshm badal aikoo yet naheet. visheshtah tyanni september 1993 madhye bii. bii. see. chya 'aun daad reecord' varr jairie admuschya upasthitiche udaharan dile, jyamadhye tyanni uttar irelandmadhil shantatechya shakyatebaddal bhashya kele. hallney sangitale qee sampoorn mulakhatit admus chintagrast aanee bachavatmak hote kaaran prastutkarta sheena mcdonaldne yuktivad keela qee irachi hinsak bhoomika kayam asatana shantata sadhya houu shakat nahee, parantu prekshakanna charchechya yaa pailumbaddal mahitee navhati. teey asehi mhanale qee bharat aanee egyptsarkhya kahee deshanni bbc patrakaranna nirbandh uddhrut kele hote jyanni tyaa deshantil deshantil sensorshipchya ativaparabaddal takrar kelee hotee. yavyatirikt hallney assa yuktivad keela qee siin pheen aanee iira yanni mulakhati nakarnyache nimitt mhanoon bandicha vapar karoon tyat ferfar keela aahe.
bii. bii. see. chey pararashtra vyavhar sampadak johnn simpson yanna' aay. dii. 1 'madhye aakhati yuddhadarmyan irakmadhun ahwal detana sensorshipchya muddyavar ashach adchanincha samna karava lagla.' jevha mea bagdadmadhye kaam karat asey, tevha tumhi tyanchya sensorshipvar teeka kelee tarr tethil adhikari nehmich aamchya paap bandicha ullekh karayache. haah desh konatyahi goshtivar sadam hussenchya samaan bajula disane mallah aavadat nahee."november 1993 madhye london vidyapithat, ayrish patrakar merrie holland yanchya adhyakshatekhali, uttar irelandshee sambandhit muddyanchya ahavalavaril parishadet, anek sahbhaginni dawa keela qee teey tapas ahwal denyachya prathes qamee lekhat aahe.
glassgo media groupne kelelya sanshodhanatun asey soochit hote qee bandipurvi bii. bii. see. neey siin fainche coverage kiman hote. 1988 madhye siin pheen keval 93 vela durchitravanivar aikala kinwa pahila gela, 633 aupcharik bii. bii. see. mulakhatinpaiki keval 17 mulakhati hotya, tarr puranmatvadi pakshasobat 121 mulakhati aanee royal alster constabulary aanee nagri seveshi 172 mulakhati hotya aanee itar anek sahbhaginpramanech studiomadhye kadhihi mulakhati ghenyat aalya navhatya. tathapi, bandinantar siin fain aanee republican drushyanchya prasaramadhye tivra ghat jhaali, pudhchya varshi durchitravanivaril upasthiti 34 patine qamee jhaali aanee aspashtta, aavaj aanee upashirshakanmule honara vilamb aanee anishchitatemule anekada prasar jhaala aanee chitrapat purnapane vagalale gele.

