
narangi kranti

1747chya narangi krantimule, narangicha rajkumar william IV yala steadholder karyalayat aanale gele aanee dusra stadeholderless kalavadhi sampavala.
dusra sthiravasthahin kalavadhi.
1702 madhye william tisra yachya mrutyunantar prajasattak aanee puranmatvadi rajya-paksh shaktishali jhaala aanee holland, zealand aanee utrect prantanmadhye, jaree itar prantanmadhye, jaree heey karyalay vividh kalkhandat aurange-nasau gharanyachya sadasyanni bharale hote, taree, haus auph aurenjachya tabyat asalele stadholderche paramparik karyalay rikt rahile. yaa kalat dutch prajasattakane eka mahan shakti mhanoon aapala darja aanee jaagtik vyaparatil tyache pradhanya gamavale. jaree tyachi arthvyavastha lakshaniyaritya ghasarali, jyamule sagari prantanmadhye audhyogikikaran aanee shaharikaran jhaale, taree bhadyane ghenara varg eka motha bhandavali nidhi jamaa karat rahila, jyamule aantarrashtriy bhandavali bajarat prajasattakane midavalelya agraganya sthanasathi aadhar tayar jhaala.
austriyan uttaradhikarache yuddh.
dirghkal sattasangharshanantar 1736 madhye tyachya mrutyunantar, bhavya nivruttivetandharak sayman vanne slinglandtche uttaradhikari anthony vanne dair heema yanni jhaale. tyala lekhee vachan dyave lagale qee too sthiravasthetil vyaktichya punarutthanala virodh karel. too eka tadjod karnara umedvar hota, serve gatanshi, agadi narangi lokanshihi tyache changle sambandh hote. teey eka saksham prashasak hote, parantu aavashyakatenusar eka rangheen vyaktimatva hote, jyanchyakadun majboot netrutvachi apeksha karane ayashasvi tharale asate.
tyachya karyakalat prajasattak haloohaloo austriyan uttaradhikarachya yuddhat gele, jeey eka pruso-austriyan sangharsh mhanoon suru jhaale hote, parantu akheris prajasattakatil serve shejari sameel jhaleh russia aanee france aanee tyanche sahyogi eka bajula, aanee austriya aanee gret britton (1744 nantar) aanee tyanche sahyogi dusya bajula. suruvatila prajasattakane yaa europeey sangharshat tatasth rahnyasathi jordar prayatna kele. durdaivane, austriyan netherlandsmadhil anek killyanmadhye tyanni sanrakshn dall rakhale heey soochit karate qee tyanni fransviruddha tyaa deshache sanrakshn kele (jaree too prajasattakacha hetu navhata). kahee vela austriyan netherlandsmadhil dutch sainyachi sankhya austriyan tukadipeksha jaast hotee. yamule austriyan lokanna itaratra adhik takdine ladhane shakya jhaale. frenchanna samajanyajogi takrar hotee aanee tyanni dhamkavanyache aavaj kele. yamule prajasattakala shevati punha aapale sainya european manakanparyant (1743 madhye 84,000 purush) aananyasathi protsahan midale.
french aakraman.
1744 madhye frenchanni dachchanviruddha menanchya adthala killyavar pahili pavale uchalali, jyane eka aathvadyachya pratikatmak pratikaranantar aatmasamarpan kele. yaa yashane protsahit houn frenchanni pudhil guntavanuk kelelya turnai yaa aanakhi eka dutch adthala killyache. yamule prajasattakala 1745chya chaupat yutimadhye aanee comberlandcha duke prince william yachya netrutvakhalil mukt sainyamadhye sameel honyas pravrutt kele. meey 1745 madhye fontainoychya ladhait french marshal mauris dii saxchya hatoon yacha motha parabhav jhaala. austriyan netherlands aata frenchansathi khule jhaale, visheshtah 1745 chya jacobite udayamule british matrubhoomit dusari aaghadi ughadali, jyamule tyachya bahutek sainyasah comberlandchi tatadichi paratfed aavashyak jhaali, tyanantar lavkarach 6,000 dutch sainikanchi (jee kvachitach vachavata aalee) moheem dall, jee dachanna gret brittenmadhil hannovarian rajvatichya hamimule dene bhag hote. 1746chya darmyan frenchanni austriyan netherlandsmadhil bahutansh mothee shahare tabyat ghetali. tyanantar, april 1747 madhye, varvar pahata sashastr mutsaddegiricha sarav mhanoon, tulanene lahan french sainyane rajyanvar kabja keela.
yaa tulanene nirupadravi aakramanane dutch sanrakshananchi sadalelita purnapane ughad kelee, janoo frenchanni eka sadalelya khidkyanmadhye paine chakoo takala hota. tyache parinam netradipak hote. 1672chya aapattichya varshatil french aakramanachi ajunahi jaaniv asalele dutch lock andh ghabaratgrast avasthet gele (jaree vastavik paristhiti tyaa varshasarkhi nirashajanak navhati). 1672 salapramane lokanni sthagansthanachya punarsthapanesathi aardaorda karnyas suruvat kelee. yamule lashkaridrushtya paristhiti sudharalich asey nahee. 1732 madhye prince auph aurange hii padvi midalyapasun adhiratene pankhanmadhye vaat pahat asalela william chautha, haah konatahi motha lashkari pratibhavan navhata, jase tyane laufeldchya ladhait siddha kele, jithe tyane meey 1747 madhye serve prantanmadhye stadholder aanee unionchya capton-general mhanoon padvyuttar jhalyanantar lagechach dutch tukadiche netrutva kele. ikes-laa-chappell (1748) chya tahane yuddh swatach prajasattakasathi vinashak samaptivar aanale gele aanee french dutch simevarun tyanchya swatachya ichchhenusar mage hutley.
ashantatechi suruvat.
april 1747chee lokpriy kranti zealandmadhye suru jhaali (samajanyajogi, french aakramankartyanchi jawalik lakshat gheuun), jithe rajyanni ghainantar rajyanmadhil pahile kuleen mhanoon viliyamche sthan punarsanchayit kele (aanee 1732 madhye tyanni anivaryapane kharedi kelele markivet). 28 april roji (middleberg aanee zericzi yethe dangalichya dabavakhali) sthiravasthechya punarsanchayanachi ghoshana karnyat aalee.
hollandmadhye kranti.
tyanantar haah ashantata hollandmadhye pasarali. rotterdam shahar lavkarach naringi banner aanee kokedani vyapale gele aanee 'wroadshap' laa hollandmadhil stadtholderate punarsthapanecha prastav mandanyas bhag padale gele. hagg, dordrect aanee hollandmadhil itar shaharanmadhye santryachya anuyayanchi prachand nidarshane jhaali. hollandchya rajyanni rajkumaranchya pratinidhinna, portlandcha pahila earl, william tisaracha vishvasoo snrakshak william bentinakcha mulga, vilem bentinak vanne ruun aanee hett buildtcha gritman vilem vanne harren yanna, tyanchya khidkyambaher gardi karat asalelya jamawala shant karnyasathi vinavani kelee. lokanni naringi kapade ghalayala suruvat kelee. amsterdammadhye, narangi pratike ghalanyas nakar denanya anek prajasattak aanee kaithalikanna kalvyanmadhye fekanyat aale."
hollandne 3 meey roji stadtholderate punarsthapana aanee tyat william IV chee niyukti jaheer kelee. utract aanee origesel tyanantar mechya madhyat. serve saat prantanni (adhik drenthe) aata william IV laa stadtholder mhanoon manyata dilee, tantrikdrushtya dusra stadtholderless kalavadhi sampavala. pann sthir satta ajunahi astitvat hotee. lokanni yaa rajvatichya pratinidhimbaddal aanee yogayogane kaithalikambaddal aapala rosh vyakt karnyas suruvat kelee, jyanchya sahishnutene ajunahi orangvadi vichardharechya calvanist anuyayanna (jyapramane 1672 chya krantimadhye alpasankhyak protestant panthanviruddha aandolan jhaale hote) santap deela. 1672 salapramanech yaa naveen lokpriy bandala lokshahicha dekhil arth hotah lokanni nagri sarkarmadhye lokpriy sahbhag, bhrashtachar aanee aarthik durupyog rokhanyasathi sudharana, vanijya aanee udhyogache punarujjivan karnyasathi eka karyakram aanee (visheshtah aadhunik najaret) sarvajanikaritya shapath ghenyavar aanee shabbathacha anadar karnyavar kathor nirbandh ghalanyachi magani kelee.
william nirnay gheto.
suruvatila, aaplya rajkiy fayadhyanvar samadhani asalelya vilyamne yaa maganya manya karnyasathi kahihi kele nahee. bentinak (jyanchyakade eka utsuk rajkiy munn hote) yanni aanakhi durparyant pahile aanee rajya pakshachya netyanchi shuddhi karnyacha sallah dilah bhavya nivruttivetandharak jacob gills (jeey 1746 madhye vanne dair hemche uttaradhikari jhaale hote), 'radd vanne steet' chey sachiv adriane vanne dair hoop aanee vividh rajpratinidhi aanee holland aanee orijselmadhil 'readerschappen' chey nete. vanne dair hoop vagalata, sadhya matra konihi hatvale gele nahee. pann kaithalikavirodhi dangli suru rahilya, jyamule ashantata tapachya tavadivar rahili. lavkarach hii ashantata daniele rapsarkhya aandolakanni adhik rajkiy dishene valavali. rajya-pakshachya rajpratinidhinna barkhast karnyachya bentinakchya magnyanna tyanni pathimba denyas suruvat kelee. pann tarihi williamne kahihi kele nahee. yaa nishkriyatemule lokpriy janata aswasth hoil aanee sthiravasthetil lokancha pathimba qamee hoil ashee bheeti bentinakla vatoo lagali.
tarisuddha, vilyam aanee tyachi patni rajkumari enee yanna santryachya karanasathichya lokpriy pathimbyabaddal kautuk navhate. tyane asey manale qee jamav rajvat rajpratinidhinna khilavun thewel aanee tyanna tyachya magnyanna yogya prakare anukool karel. yache fayade tevha disun aale jevha november 1747 madhye, ektya amsterdam shaharane william IV (jyala tyaveli fakt eka mulgi hotee) chya purush aanee stree yaa donhi vanshanmadhye sthir vanshparamparagat banavanyas virodh keela. rapp aanee aanakhi eka aandolak, jeane rauset dii misine, aata yaa prastavachya samarthanarth emsterdammadhe aanakhi jamav hinsachar ghadavun aanala, joou yogyaritya manjur jhaala.
hollandchya baher.
meey 1747 madhye utrektachya rajyanna 1675chey sarkari niyam punha swikaranyas bhag padale gele, jyane prantavar william tisra hyala itka kadak taba deela hota. gelderland aanee origesel yanna lavkarach pathlag karava lagla, udaharanarth jamavane kelelya hinsacharamule. agadi groningen aanee freesland, vilyamche swatache prant, jyanni paramparikpane tyanchya maryadit adhikaranna parvanagi dilee hotee, tyanchyavar tyala mothya pramanat vistarit visheshadhikar denyasathi dabav aanala gela. march 1748 madhye groninganmadhye jamav hinsachar usalala. williamne suvyavastha purvavat karnyasathi sanghiy sainya pathvanyas nakar deela. tevhach groningen rajyanni durgami savalati dilya jyamule utracht, origesel aanee gelderlandmadhil vilyam adhikaranchi tulana karata aalee. tyachpramane, meey 1748 madhye freeslandmadhye jamavane kelelya hinsacharanantar rajyanna tyanchya pracheen visheshadhikaranpasun vanchit thevun, utrectchya namunyavar sarkari niyamanachi vinanti karnyas bhag padale gele.
freeslandmadhil ashantata haah kranticha naveen tappa pradarshit karnara pahila hota. tithe keval rajpratinidhinvarach navhe tarr kardatyanvarhi halle jhaale. prajasattakane tyachya soyimule curr sheticha dirghkal vapar keela hota. kharch aanee itar vyavhar karancha mahasool anishchit hota, kaaran too vyavasay chakrachya tappyavar avalambun hota. tyamule shahar sarkaranni (jeey pramukhyane curr gola karnyasathi jababdar hote) nishchit kalavadhisathi udhyojkanna kahee curr gola karnyachya adhikaracha lilav karnyas pradhanya dile. udhyojkane ekarakami rakkam aagau dilee aanee pratyaksh curr mahasulacha atirikt hissa ekarakami rakmepeksha adhik midava yaa aashene curr bharnyas jababdar asalelya nagarikankadun tyacha kharch parat ghenyacha prayatna keela. ashee atirikt rakkam vyavasthet antarbhut hotee aanee tee swatamadhye gairavaparache pratinidhitva karat navhati. tathapi, pratyaksh curr prashasanatil durupyog anekada apariharya hote aanee tyamule vyapak asantosh nirman jhaala. freeslandmadhil curr dangli lavkarach hollandmadhye pasarlya. harlem, leiden, hegg aanee visheshtah emsterdammadhe kardatyanchya gharanchi todafod karnyat aalee. yaa dangli patchtersproor mhanoon olakhalya jaau lagalya. nagri nagri sainyane hastakshep karnyas nakar deela, parantu dangalicha vapar tyanchya swatachya rajkiy maganya mandanyasathi eka prasang mhanoon kelah lashkarala tyanche swatache adhikari nivadanyacha adhikar; curr nondanichi tapasani karnyacha lokancha adhikar; nagri hakkanche prakashan jenekarun lokanna teey kaay aahet heey kalel; sanghanche adhikar punarsanchayit karane; shabbathacha aadar karananya kayadyanchi amalbajavani; aanee sarvajanik charchmadhye pracharak mhanoon gizberts votiuschya anuyayanna pradhanya dene. tyanantar lagechach karsheti radd karnyat aalya, matra itar maganya sthagit rahilya.
naveen kattartavad.
aata aandolanache done pravah suru asalyache disun aale. ekikade bentinak aanee stadeholderchya darbarane sanghatit kelele narangi aandolak, tyanchya maganya purn hoiparyant, suvyavastha purvavat karnyasathi sainyala nyayalayinadrushtya rokhoon thevun, rajpratinidhinkadun rajkiy savalatinchi magani karat rahile. dusarikade, rooset dii missi aanee ellie luzac yanchyasarkhe adhik vaicharikdrushtya prerit aandolak hote, jyanni (johnn loke yanchya "sarkarvaril done grunth" uddhrut karoon) lokanche samarthan midvanyache samarthan mhanoon lokanchya antim sarvbhaumatvasarkhya "dhokadayak kalpana" sadar karnyacha prayatna keela. asha kalpana (sthayidharak aanee junya rajyanchya pakshachya karbhari yaa doghanchya tolisathi shaap) loksankhyechya madhyam starakhali vyapak lokpriy chalvalisah prachalit hotya, jyacha uddesh sarkarla lokanna jababdar dharane haah hota. doeliston" mhanoon olakhali jaanari hii chalval (kaaran teey anekada nagri sainyachya lakshyit shreneet ekatra yet asat, jyala duchmadhye "dollen" mhatale jaat asey) 1748 chya unhalyat amsterdam "wroadschap" kadey magani sadar kelee qee bergamasters yapudhe lokpriyapane nivadanyayogya kele jaave, tasech vhokchya amsterdam chamberche sanchalak dekhil.
haah adhikadhik kattarpanthi pankha bentinak aanee swatah stadholderchya aaspaschya madhyamvargiyanshi adhikadhik sangharshat aala. aata yaa "aamulagra" ghadamodinmule purnapane chintet jhalelya hollandchya rajyanni, aavashyak asalelya konatyahi margane suvyavastha purvavat karnyasathi stadholderla swatah emsterdammadhe jaanyas sangitale. september 1748 madhye jevha rajkumarane yaa mohimesathi shaharala bhet dilee tevha tyane 'doeliston' chya donhi shakhanchya pratinidhinshi charcha kelee. kattarpanthichya bajoone mothya nidarshananchya dabavakhali tyala aapale munn badalave lagale asale taree, amsterdam 'wroadschap' shuddha kele jaave yaa kattarvadyanchya maganya manya karnyas too nakhush hota. matra, kattartavadi lokanchya apekshepeksha hii shuddhi khoopach qamee padali. naveen 'wroadschap' madhye ajunahi junya rajpratinidhi kutumbatil anek sadasya hote. rajkumarane pudhil maganya manya karnyas nakar deela, jyamule amsterdamche lock spashtapane nirash jhaale. naveen shasson aanee tyachya lokpriy anuyayancha motha bhag yanchyatil haah pahila spasht break hota.
parinam.
hollandchya itar shaharanmadhye ashach prakarchya ghadamodi ghadalyah lokpriy maganila pratisad mhanoon vilyamne shahar sarkaranchi shuddhi ardhyane kelee aanee apeksha qamee kelya, jyamule aanakhi asantosh nirman jhaala. william badalala protsahan denyas tayar hota, parantu too tyala jevadha yogya asel tevadhech. tyanni hollandmadhyehi antardeshiy prantanpramanech sarkari niyam lagoo karnyas protsahan dene suru thewale. serve dhoranatmak sarkari padanvar tyanchi nishthavan niyukti vhavi yasathi tyanna sarkari aashrayavar bhakkam pakad midavi, haah tyancha hetu hota. akheris too serve prantanmadhye heey uddisht sadhya karnyat yashasvi jhaala. bentinaksarkhya lokanna aasha hotee qee, sattechi sutre ekach 'prakhyat pramukh' chya hatat gola kelyane lavkarach dutch arthvyavastha aanee aarthik sthitee purvavat honyas madat hoil. prabuddh hukumshaha' chya asha uchch aasha tyaa velee prajasattakasathi adviteey navhatya. portugalmadhil lokanna pombalacha markis aanee portugalcha raja joseph pahila, sebastio jose dii carvalho aii melo yanchya sarkhyach aasha hotya, jyaa sweedenchya gustav III chya sweedenmadhil lokanchya hotya.
william chautha asha apeksha purn karoo shakala asata qee nahee heey durdaivane aaplyala kadhich kalanar nahee, kaaran 22 aktoobar 1751 roji vayachya 40 vya varshi tyache achanak nidhan jhaale.