grothendiccha tohoku kagad

alekzandar grothendiccha 'suur quelkes points dii' algebre homologic 'haah lekh, jyala aata anekada' tohoku 'pepper mhanoon sambodhale jaate, too 1957 madhye' tohoku ganiteey niyatkalikat 'prakashit jhaala hota. tyane samshastriy bijganitachya vishayat kranti ghadavun aanali, joou bijganitiy topologycha eka purnapane bijganitiy pailu aahe. tyane topological jaaget ring aanee abelian gatanchya aavarnanvar moduleschya prakarananmadhye farak karanyachi garaj door kelee.
parshvabhoomi.
peparmadhil sahitya 1955-6 madheel cances vidyapithatil grothendicchya varshatil aahe. tethil sanshodhanane tyala abelian shreni sankalpana sadar karoon swasiddha aadharavar samaroop bijganit thevanyas anumati dilee.
carton-eyelenberg' heey samdharmi bijganitache eka pathyapustak, heinery carton aanee samuel eyelenberg yaa lekhakannantar 1956 madhye prakashit jhaale. grothendicche karya barechase tyapasoon swatantra hote. tyachya abelian shrenichya sankalpanechi itaranni kiman anshatah apeksha kelee hotee. david bushbamne eyelenbergchya antargat lihilelya aaplya doctorate prabandhat abelian shreni sankalpanechya jawal 'achook shreni' chee kalpana mandali hotee (fakt thet rakkam samaan asane aavashyak hote); aanee 'puresha injection' chee kalpana tayar kelee hotee. tohoku" peparmadhye heey siddha karnyasathi eka yuktivad aahe qee grauthendic shrenimadhye (eka vishisht prakarchi abelian shreni, nantar yenare naav) puresha injections aahet; lekhakane soochit kele qee purava pramanit prakarcha hota. yaa margane heey darshavitana qee abelian gatanchya shivhchya shreninmadhye injectionche tharav sweekarle gele, grothendicne carton-eyelenbergmadhye upalabdh asalelya siddhantachya palikade jaaun samanyatemadhye samarupata siddha kele.
nantarchya ghadamodi.
1964 chya gabriel-popescu prameyanantar, heey dnyat hote qee pratyek grauthendic shreni hii module shrenichi bhagfal shreni aahe.
tohoku" peparne vyutpann functorchya rachneshi sambandhit grauthendic varnakrameey kram dekhil sadar keela. samatavadi bijganitechya payacha pudhil punarvichar kartana, grothendicne jeane-louis verdiers vyutpann shreni sankalpana sadar kelee aanee vikasit kelee. 1958 chya ganitshastradnyanchya aantarrashtriy parishadet grothendicne jaheer kelyapramane, susangat dwaitatevar parinam tayar karane hii prarambhik prerana hotee, jee aata 'grauthendic dwaitata' yaa navane jaat aahe.

