
screw dhaga

screw dhaga, jyala anekada dhaga asey lahan kele jaate, hii eka helical rachana aahe jee firki aanee resheey halchal kinwa shaktimadhye rupantarit karnyasathi vaparali jaate. screw dhaga haah helixchya swarupat nalakar kinwa shankuchya bhovati gundalalela eka patta asato, jyat pahilya bhagala "saral" dhaga aanee dusya bhagala "taper" dhaga mhanatat. eka sadha yantra mhanoon aanee eka threaded fastner mhanoon scrucha dhaga heey scruche aavashyak vaishishtya aahe.
screw dhagyacha yantrik fayda tyachya "lead" varr avalambun asato, jeey eka valanavar screw kitee resheey antar paar karate. bahutek anuprayoganmadhye, screw dhagyacha lead nivadala jaato jenekarun resheey gatiche feryat rupantar rokhanyasathi gharshan purese asel, mhanje joparyant bahya firki shakti astitvat nahee toparyant resheey shakti lagoo kelee jaat asatanahi screw ghasarat nahee. heey vaishishtya tyachya bahutansh vaparasathi aavashyak aahe. fastnerchya screw dhagyala ghatt karane heey gharshan aanee thodyasha lavchik vikrutidvare vegane chikatoon jaiparyant faata eka antaramadhye chalvinyashi tulana karata yete.
anuprayog.
screw dhagyanche anek upayog aaheth
yaa serve anuprayoganmadhye, screw threadchi done mukhya karye aaheth
rachana.
ling.
bahya' aanee 'antargat' asha pratyek julalelya dhagyanchya jodiche varnan 'purush' aanee 'stree' asey kele jaau shakate. sarvasadharanpane, bahya prushthbhagavaril dhage narr manale jaatat, tarr antargat prushthbhagavaril dhage maadee manale jaatat. udaharanarth, skrumadhye purush dhage asatat, tarr tyachyashi julanare chhidra (mug teey nutt kinwa tharat asso) maadee dhage asatat. yaa malmattela 'ling' mhanatat. maadee-threadedmadhye purush-threaded fastner ekatra karane yala 'samagam' mhanatat.
hastandolan.
dhagyachi helics done sambhavya dishanmadhye valoo shakate, jyala 'handness' mhanatat. bahutek dhage heey asha prakare nirdeshit asatat qee jevha threaded vastoo helixchya madhyabhagi akshavaril drushtikonatun disate, tevha tee ghadyalachya dishene valate tevha prekshakapasun door jaate aanee ghadyalachya ulat dishene valate tevha prekshakachya dishene jaate. yala 'ujavya hatacha' ('aar. etch.') dhaga mhanoon olakhale jaate, kaaran too ujavya hatachya pakad niyamache palan karato. viruddha dishene asalelya dhagyanna 'davya hatache' ('ell. etch.') mhanatat.
samanya paramparenusar, ujavya hatachi khelee hii screw dhagyansathi purvanirdharit hatanchi khelee aahe. tyamule bahutek dhagyache bhag aanee fastnermadhye ujavya hatache dhage asatat. davya hatachya dhagyachya anuprayoganmadhye heey samavisht aaheh
form.
dhagyachya cross-sectional aakarala anekada tyache 'form' kinwa 'threadform' ('thread form' asehi mhatale jaate) mhanatat. teey chauras, trikoni, trikoni kinwa itar aakaranche asoo shakate. form' aanee 'threadform' yaa sandnya kadhikadhi ektritpane ghetalelya serve rachana pailuncha (cross-sectional aakar, pitch aanee vyas) sandarbh detat, parantu samanyatah skrudware vaparlya jaanarya pramanit bhoomiticha sandarbh detat. dhagyanchya pramukh shreninmadhye yantrache dhage, sahitya dhage aanee shaktiche dhage yancha samavesh hoto.
bahutek trikoni dhage samdvibahu trikonavar aadharit asatat. vhee aksharachya aakaramule hyanna sahasa 'vhee-threads' kinwa 'vhee-threads' mhanatat. 60° vhee-threadsathi, samdvibahu trikon adhik visheshtah sambahu aahe. buttress dhagyansathi trikon scaleen aahe.
saiddhantik trikon samanyatah vegvegalya anshanmadhye kapla jaato (mhanje, trikonache toke lahan kele jaate). jyaa vhee-threadmadhye kapani nasate (kinwa nagany manali jaanari eka chhoti rakkam) tyala "sharp vhee-thread" mhanatat. vyavharik karananmule kapani hote (aanee mankanmadhye sanhitabaddha kelee jaate)-dhaga-kapanyasathi kinwa dhaga-tayar karnyasathichya sadhanamadhye vyavharikdrushtya purnapane tikshna bindu asoo shakat nahee aanee kapani konatyahi prakare isht aahe, kaaran anyathah
chenduchya skrumadhye, purush-mahila jodyanmadhye darmyan chendu asatat. roller screw chenduaivaji paramparik dhaga prakar aanee threaded roller vapartat.
coone.
cross-sectional aakarachya samavisht konachya vaishishtyala anekada 'dhaga coone' mhanatat. bahutek vhee-threadsathi, heey 60 ansh mhanoon pramanit kele jaate, parantu konatahi coone vaparla jaau shakato.
haah coone mojanyasathi cross section eka pratalavar asato jyavar nalakacha kinwa shankuchya akshacha samavesh asato jyavar dhaga tayar hoto.
netrutva qaraa, khelpatti qaraa aanee suruvat qaraa.
"lead" () aanee "pitch" yaa jawalun sambandhit sankalpana aahet. teey gondhalalele asoo shakatat kaaran teey bahutek skrusathi samaan asatat. "lead" heey scruchya akshavaril antar aahe jeey screw dhagyachya eka sampoorn paribhramanane (360°) jhakalele asate. "pitch' mhanje eka dhagyachya shikharapasun dusya dhagyaparyantche antar.
kaaran screw threadformche bahusankhya bhag heey 'single-start' threadform aahet, tyanchi aaghadi aanee pitch samaan aahet. eka-prarambh mhanje scruchya sharirachya nalakachya bhovati fakt ekach "katak" gundalaleli asate. pratyek velee jevha scruche shareer eka valan (360°) firavate, tevha teey eka kadyachya rundine akshiyadrushtya pudhe gele aahe. "double-start" mhanje scruchya sharirachya nalakachya bhovati done "kadya" gundallelya asatat. pratyek velee jevha scruche shareer eka valan (360°) firavate, tevha teey done kadyanchya rundine akshiyaritya pudhe gele aahe. heey vyakt karnyacha aanakhi eka marg mhanje lead aanee pitch heey parametrically sambandhit aahet aanee tyanchyashi sambandhit asalele parameter, suruvatichya sankhyeche moolya barechada 1 asate, asha paristhitit tyanche sambandh samanata banatat. sarvasadharanpane, aaghadi hii khelpattichya vela aanee suruvatichya sankhyeitaki asate.
tarr metrik dhage sahasa tyanchya swarandware paribhashit kele jaatat, mhanje, prati dhaga kitee antar, inch-aadharit manke sahasa ulat tark vapartat, mhanje dilelya antaravar kitee dhage yetat. asha prakare, inch-aadharit dhage 'dhage prati inch' (tii. pii. aay.) chya drushtine paribhashit kele jaatat. pitch aanee tii. pii. aay. ekach moolbhut bhautik malmatteche varnan karatat-keval vegvegalya shabdat. jevha inch haah khelpattisathi mojamapache ekak mhanoon vaparla jaato, tevha tii. pii. aay. haah khelpatticha parasparsambandh asato aanee tyaulat. udaharanarth,-20 dhagyala 20 tii. pii. aay. asate, jyacha arth tyachi pitch inch () aahe.
eka dhagyachya shikharapasun dusya dhagyaparyantche antar mhanoon, svarvrundachi tulana laharichya tarangalambishi kelee jaau shakate. dusari laharichi upama ashee aahe qee pitch aanee tii. pii. aay. heey ekmekanchya ulat aahet jyaa prakare kalavadhi aanee varanvarta ekmekanchya ulat aahet.
khadbadit viruddha bareek.
khadbadit dhage mhanje mothe those (prati aksheey antar qamee dhage) asalele dhage aanee bareek dhage mhanje lahan those (prati aksheey antar adhik dhage) asalele dhage. khadbadit dhagyanmadhye screw vyasachya tulanet mothe dhage asatat, jethe bareek dhagyanmadhye screw vyasachya tulanet lahan dhage asatat. haah farak aalee kinwa patalavaril khadbadit daat aanee bareek datanmadhil kinwa valuchya kagdavaril khadbadit daat aanee bareek datanmadhil farkasarkha aahe.
samanya vhee-thread mankanmadhye (aay. ess. oo. 261 aanee ekikrut thread manak) eka khadbadit pitch aanee pratyek pramukh vyasasathi eka bareek pitch samavisht aahe. udaharanarth,-13 heey unseries (unified national karad) chey aanee-20 heey unseries (unified national fine) chey aahe. tyachpramane, aay. ess. oo. 261 nusar emm. 10 (10 miimii nammatra bahya vyas) madhye 1.5 mimichya khelpattivar eka khadbadit dhaga aavrutti aanee 1.25 mimichya khelpattivar eka bareek dhaga aavrutti aahe.
yethe 'khadbadit' yaa shabdacha arth qamee darjacha assa nahee, tasech 'bareek' yaa shabdacha arth uchch darjacha nahee. screw thread pichchya sandarbhat vaparlya jaanarya sandnyancha vaparlelya sahishnuteshi (achukatechi patali) kinwa hastakala, gunavatta kinwa kharchachya pramanashi kahihi sambandh nahee. teey fakt screw vyasachya sapeksh dhagyanchya aakaracha sandarbh detat.
khadbadit dhage heey kapani aanee cross threadingsathi adhik pratirodhak asatat kaaran tyanchyat bajuchi adhik sanlagnata asate. khadbadit dhage adhik vegane basatat kaaran tyanna prati ekak lambi qamee valane aavashyak asatat. bareek dhage adhik majboot asatat kaaran tyanchyat samaan vyasachya dhagyasathi mothe taana kshetra asate. bareek dhage sail compan karanyachi shakyata qamee asate kaaran tyancha helics coone lahan asato aanee teey adhik bareek samayojan karoo detat. bareek dhage qamee ghatt honanya tokasah adhik preload vikasit karatat.
vyas.
dhagyanche teen vaishishtyapurn vyas (λ) aaheth "pramukh vyas", "kirkol vyas" aanee "pitch vyas": udyog manke kiman (kiman) nirdisht karatat.) aanee kamal (kamal.) hya pratyekasathi, serve manyataprapt dhagyachya aakaransathi maryada. bahya' sathee kiman maryada (kinwa 'boult', aay. ess. oo. paribhashet) aanee 'antargat' sathee kamal maryada ('nutt'), mool samagrisathi taana shakti maryadevar dhage kapale jaanar naheet yachee khatri karnyasathi dhagyache aakar aahet. dhage ekatra basatil yachee khatri karnyasathi antargat dhagyansathi kiman maryada aanee bahya dhagyansathi kamal maryada aahet.
pramukh vyas.
dhagyancha mukhya vyas haah dhagyachya rachanechya unchiche seemankan karananya done atyant vyasachya vyasapeksha motha asato, kaaran dhagyancha aksh asalelya pratalat cross-sectional drushya ghetale jaate. skrusathi, haah tyacha bahereel vyas (oo. dii.) aahe. natcha pramukh vyas thet mojala jaau shakat nahee (kaaran too dhagyandvarech adthala aanato) parantu tyachi chachani goo/noow-goo mojamapanni kelee jaau shakate.
jarr dhage ekatra basnyasathi tayar kele asateel tarr bahya dhagyancha pramukh vyas samanyatah antargat dhagyanchya pramukh vyasapeksha lahan asato. parantu keval hii aavashyakta ekach svarvruttacha eka thosa aanee eka nutt ekatra basel yachee hummy dett naheeh dhagyanchya lahan aanee svarvruttachya vyasasathi samaan aavashyakta swatantrapane kelee gelee pahije. boltchya dhagyanche 'shikhar' aanee natchya dhagyanche 'mool' yanchyatil clearancechi tartud karnyavyatirikt, clearance itake jaast nasalyachi dekhil khatri kelee pahije qee jyamule fastner ayashasvi hotil.
lahan vyas.
lahan vyas haah dhagyacha khalcha atyant vyasacha asato. mukhya vyas vaja lahan vyas, donane bhagalyas, dhagyachi unchi asate. natcha lahan vyas haah tyacha aateel vyas asato. boltcha kirkol vyas goo/noow-goo gejdware kinwa thet optical comparatordware mojala jaau shakato.
ujavikadil aakrutimadhye darshavilyapramane, lahan vyasashi julanare, lahan aanee vegvegalya mothya aanee mothya vyasanche samaan swaranche aanee konache dhage, sahajpane basatat asey vatoo shakate, parantu teey fakt trijyene qaraa; jyaa dhagyanmadhye fakt mothya vyasashi julanare (darshavilele nahee) dhage aahet, teey dekhil trijyechya halchalila parvanagi dett naheet asey drushya kele jaau shakate. dhagyanmadhil naan vaparlelya jaganmule qamee jhaleli "bhautik sthitee" qamee karane aavashyak aahe jenekarun fastners atee kamkuvat honar naheet.
sambandhit maadee dhagyat narr dhaga basavanyasathi, madicha motha aanee lahan vyas haah purushanchya mothya aanee kirkol vyasapeksha kinchit motha asane aavashyak aahe. tathapi, hii atiriktata sahasa aakaranchya sarnyanmadhye disat nahee. callipers madicha kirkol vyas (aateel vyas, id) mojatat, joou purush pramukh vyasachya (bahereel vyas, oo. dii.) calliper mojmapasah qamee asato. udaharanarth, calliper mojamapachya sarnyanmadhye "3/4 seey jeey512" dhage aanee "3/4-14 anaf jiis seey-jeey514 iso 8434-2" chya mankansathi 0.69 mahila id aanee 0.75 purush odd darshavile jaatat. lakshat ghya qee maadee dhage sambandhit purush pramukh vyasane (3/4 inch) olakhale jaatat, maadee dhagyanchya vastavik mojmapasah nahee.
pitch vyas.
ekhadya vishisht dhagyacha, antargat kinwa bahya, pitch vyas (pii. dii., kinwa "dii" 2) haah dandgolakar prushthbhagacha vyas asato, joou dhagyala akshiyadrushtya kendrit asato, joou dhagyachya bajoo samaan antaravar chhedato, jevha dhagyacha aksh asalelya cross-sectional plainmadhye pahila jaato, tevha yaa bindunmadhil antar heey pichchya antarachya agadi ardhya antaravar asate. samaan ritine, akshala samantar asaleli aanee tyachyapasun "d" 2 antaravar asaleli resha, "pd resha", dhagyache "sharp-vhee" swaroop kapate, jyachya bajoo chachanikhali asalelya dhagyachya bajushi julatat, tyachya unchichya agadi 50 takke. aapan asey gruheet dharale aahe qee bajucha aakar, coone aanee mandani hii vishisht dhagyachya mankansathi yogya aahe. visheshtah jarr yaa vyasavaril tikshna-vhee swarupache shikhar aanee mool kapani adnyat asateel tarr samanyatah pramukh ("dii") aanee kirkol ("dii" 1) vyasashi tyacha sambandh nasato. itar serve kahee aadarsh asalyane, 'dii' 2, 'dii' aanee 'dii' 1, ektritpane, dhagyachya swarupache purnapane varnan karel. pii. dii. chey dnyan tikshna-vhee. dhagyachya swarupachi sthitee tharavate, jyachya bajoo dhagyachya bajuchya saral bajunshi julatatah udaa.jee.bahya dhagyache shikhar yaa bajunna trijya visthapan "d" − "d" 2 laa pii. dii. reshechya sthanapasun door kapoon takel.
jarr virodhi dhagyanchya mull aanee shikharamadhye madhyam nakaratmak nasaleli manjuri asel aanee baakee serve kahee aadarsh asel, jarr screw aanee natchya khelpatticha vyas achookpane julala asel tarr, sakaratmak mool-crest manjurichya upasthitit dekhil, ekatra kelyapramane doghanmadhye ajibat khel nasava. jarr mull aanee shikhar jarr tase asale, tarr tyapurvi jevha dhagyanche bajoo ekmekanchya jawalche sampark sadhatat, tevha hii sthitee asate.
tathapi, hii aadarsh sthitee vyavharat keval andaje asel aanee samanyatah rench-sahayyit assemblichi aavashyakta asel, jyamule kadachit dhage galoo shakatat. yaa karanastav, antargat aanee bahya dhagyanchya pii. dii. madhye kahee "bhatta" kinwa kiman farak samanyatah pradan karava lagato, jyamule "hastakshep" houu shakananya aadarsh dhagyachya rupapasoon vichalanachi shakyata door hote aanee haat jodanila veleparyant gatee milate. aay. ess. oo. manke tyanna mhanatat, asey bhatte kinwa "moolbhut vichalan", dhagyachya aakaranchya shrenisathi yogya asalelya sambandhit "varganmadhye" vividh anshanmadhye pradan kele jaatat. eka tokala, vargadvare konatahi bhatta deela jaat nahee, parantu bahya dhagyachi kamal pii. dii. antargat dhagyachya kiman pii. dii. sarkhich, vishisht sahishnutemadhye, donhi ekatra karata yeteel yachee khatri karoon, sahishnutechya maryademule kahee shithilata ajunahi shakya aahe. interference fitt' navacha varg nakaratmak bhattyanchi tartud dekhil karoo shakato, jethe scruchy pii. dii. hii nutschya pii. dii. peksha kiman bhattechya rakmene jaast asate.
bahya dhagyancha svarvruttacha vyas vividh paddhatinni mojala jaatoh 
fitche varg.
khel aanee gharshanasah purush aanee stree jyaa prakare ekatra basatat, tyache vargikaran (vargikrut) dhagyachya mankanmadhye kele jaate. vishisht shrenitil tandurusti sadhya karnyasathi pariman (aakar) aanee prushthbhagachya samaptisathi sahishnutechya shreneet kaam karanyachi kshamata aavashyak asate. adlabadal karnyayogyatesathi yogyateche varg paribhashit karane aanee sadhya karane mahatvache aahe. varganmadhye 1,2,3 (sail teey ghatt); aaa (bahya) aanee buub (antargat); aanee etch aanee dii maryadansarkhya vividh pranalincha samavesh aahe.
dhaga maryada.
dhagyachi maryada kinwa svarvruttachya vyasachi maryada heey nalasathichya svarvruttachya vyasachya sahishnuteche vargikaran karnyasathi vaparale jaanare eka manak aahe. imperialsathi, etch kinwa ell maryada vaparlya jaatat jyaa anukrame tyachya moolbhut mulyapasoon 0.0005 inchavaril kinwa qamee aakarachya pitch vyasachya kitee ekake nirdisht karatat. asha prakare, "etch3" darshavilelya etch maryadesah niyukt kelelya nalamadhye, gathicha vyas 0.0005 ×3 = 0.0015 inch bases pitch vyasapeksha motha asel aanee tyamule etch2 tapp mhananyapeksha sail fits antargat dhaga kapla jaeel. metrikmadhye dii kinwa duu maryada vaparlya jaatat jyaa imperialpramanech pranali aahet, parantu anukrame jaast aanee qamee aakarasathi dii kinwa duu padnamakancha vapar keela jaato aanee dii kinwa doochya ekkannusar jaato.
nall samanyatah etch1 teey etch5 aanee kvachitach ell1 chya shreneet yetat.
dhagyacha pitch vyas mojala jaato jethe ekach dhagyacha radial cross section ardhya pichchya barobaricha asato, udaharnarth 16 pitch dhaga = in = 0.0625in dhagyacha vastavik pitch vyas radial cross section mojmap 0.03125in varr mojala jaato.
vinimayakshamta.
purush aanee maadee dhagyanche andajit yashasvi sangopan aanee purush aanee maadee yanchyat nishchit adlabadal sadhya karnyasathi, aakar, aakar aanee purnatvasathi manke astitvat asane aavashyak aahe aanee tyanche palan kele gele pahije. dhagyanchya mankikaranavar khalee charcha kelee aahe.
dhagyachi kholee.
screw dhage jawaljawal kadhihi purnapane tikshna kele jaat naheet (shikhar kinwa mudavar konatehi kapani nasate), parantu tyaeivaji kapale jaatat, jyamule antim "dhaga kholee" milate jee khelpatti mulyacha ansh mhanoon vyakt kelee jaau shakate. yu. tii. ess. aanee aay. ess. oo. manke sahishnutechya shrenisah kapanichya pramanache sanhitakaran karatat.
agadi tikshna 60° vhee-threadmadhye dhagyachi kholee (mulapasoon shikharaparyantchi "unchi") khelpattichya 0.866 chya barobarichi asel. hii vastusthiti sambahu trikonachya bhoomitishi nigadit aahe-moolbhut trikonamitiy karyancha thet parinam. heey mojamapachya ekkanpasoon (inch viruddha miimii) swatantra aahe. tathapi, yu. tii. ess. aanee aay. ess. oo. dhage heey tikshna dhage nasatat. mothe aanee lahan vyas tikshna vhichya donhi bajunchya kapanichi maryada tharavatat.
metrikcha nammatra vyas (udaa.jee. emm8) aanee ekikrut (eae.jee.  inn) dhage haah narr dhagyacha saiddhantik pramukh vyas aahe, joou "moolbhut" (tikshna koparedar) trikonanchya tokanvaril parimanatoon swarpattitun kapla jaato (vyasanusar). jaree vastavik bhoomitichya vyakhyet tyapeksha jaast chull aahet, taree purush dhagyachya shikharanvaril parinami sapat saiddhantikdrushtya aavajachya rund bhagacha aathva bhag ('pii' kinwa 'pii' yaa sanketankasah vyakt kele jaate) asatat. purn (100%) uts kinwa iso dhagyachi unchi sumare 0.65 "pii" asate.
0. 65 "pii" mulyachya 60 teey 75 takke kholicha dhaga dett, dhage thode adhik kapale jaau shakatat (aanee anekada kapale jaatat). udaharanarth, 75 takke dhaga kapanyasathi aavashyak asalelya balamadhye lakshaniy ghat honyachya badalyat keval thodya pramanat shakticha tyag karato. yacha parinam assa hoto qee tapp aanee dye ghasarat jaate, tutanyachi shakyata qamee hote aanee kapanichya uchch gaticha vapar keela jaau shakato.
maadee dhagyanchya babatit kinchit mothe nall drill vaparoon kinwa purush dhagyanchya babatit workpiechya dhagyachya kshetracha vyas kinchit qamee karoon, nantarche prabhavipane dhagyacha pramukh vyas qamee karoon heey atirikt kapani sadhya kele jaate. maadee dhagyanchya babatit, tapp drill takte samanyatah andaje 75 takke dhaga tayar karnare aakar nirdisht karatat. jyaa prakarananmadhye uchch tanatanav loaded hone apekshit nasel asha prakarananmadhye 60 takke dhaga yogya asoo shakato. donhi prakarananmadhye, khelpattichya vyasavar parinam hott nahee. kapani viruddha dhagyachya takadicha samtol sadhane heey anek abhiyantriki nirnayansarkhech aahe jyat samagrichi takad, vajan aanee kimmat tasech tee yantrane vaparnyacha kharch samavisht aahe.
tappe.
fastner aanee paipavar taper dhage vaparale jaatat. lakadi screw heey taper dhaga asalelya fastnerche eka samanya udaharan aahe.
dabakhali dravpadarth pohochavanyasathi kahee nalsanchay sansthananmadhye vaparlya jaanarya threaded pipesmadhye threaded vibhag asato joou kinchit shankuchya aakaracha asato. aine. pii. tii. aanee bii. ess. pii. malika hii udaharane aahet. jevha bahya dhagyacha eka tokdar toke antargat dhagyansah tokaparyant ghatt keela jaato tevha dhagyachya paipchya sandhyadvare pradan kelela shikka tayar hoto. bahutek pipe sandhyansathi, changlya silsathi, dhage seal tape kinwa pipe dopingsarkhya drav kinwa pest pipe sealantsarkhya sandhyanmadhye swatantra sealant lavane aavashyak asate.
itihas.
screw thread sankalpana pratham aarkimidijchya babatit udbhavali asey disate, jyane screw tattva lagoo karoon sarpilanvar thodakyat lihile tasech anek sopya upkarananchi rachana kelee. leonardo daa vincy yanna scruche tattva samajale aanee yantradvare dhage kase kapale jaau shakatat heey darshavinari rekhachitre sodoon dilee. 1500 chya dashakat, german ghadyalanmadhye screw disu lagale aanee tyancha vapar kavachanche suut bandhanyasathi keela jaat asey. 1569 madhye, besanane screw-cutting lethcha shodh lavala, parantu yaa paddhatila karshan midale nahee aanee aanakhi 150 varshe screw mothya pramanat hatane banavat rahile. 1800 chya dashakat, audhyogik krantichya kalat englandmadhye pendha nirmitila suruvat jhaali. yaa kalat manakikaran asey kahihi navhate. eka utpadakane banavalele boult dusyachyyaa shengdanyanmadhye basat naheet.
pramanikaran.
vividh utpadak aanee vaparkarte yanchyat susangatata sulabh karnyasathi ekonisavya shatkachya suruvatipasun screw dhagyanche manakikaran vikasit jhaale aahe. pramanikaran prakriya ajunahi suru aahe; visheshtah ajunahi (anyatha samaan) spardhatmak metrik aanee inch-aakarachya dhagyachi manke mothya pramanat vaparali jaatat. manak dhage samanyatah lahan aksharanchya sanketandware (emm, anak, ii.) olakhale jaatat.) jeey vaiyaktik dhagyanchya pramanit padnamanche upsarg dekhil tayar karate.
atirikt utpadan manke, spanner (rench) aanee itar sadhananmadhye susangatata sulabh karnyasathi, screw aanee natsathi pasantiche dhage aakar, tasech sambandhit boult haid aanee nutt aakar olakhatat.
aay. ess. oo. manak dhage.
bahutek karanansathi aay. ess. oo. metrik screw dhage (emm) aanee paipsathi bii. ess. pii. dhage (aar., jee) heey sarvat samanya dhage aahet.
1947 madhye aantarrashtriy manakikaran sansthene (aay. ess. oo.) yache pramanikaran kele. jaree 1898 madhye aantarrashtriy congressne screw threadschya pramanikaranasathi metrik threadsche bahutek ekikaran kele asale, taree france, germany aanee japanmadhye swatantra metrik thread manke vaparali gelee aanee swismadhye ghadyalansathi dhagyancha sanch hota.
itar vartaman manke.
vishisht anuprayoganmadhye aanee vishisht pradeshanmadhye, aay. ess. oo. metrik screw dhagyanvyatirikt itar dhage samanyatah vaparale jaatat, kahivela vishesh anuprayog aavashyaktanmule, parantu mukhytah magas susangatatechya karananmuleh
pramanikaran itihas.
screw dhagyanche pahile aitihasikdrushtya mahattvache intra-company manakikaran 1800 chya sumaras heinry modslepasoon suru jhaale, jevha aadhunik screw-cutting lethane adlabadal karnyayogya vhee-thread machine screw hii eka vyavharik vastoo banavali. pudhil 40 varshant, antargat aanee aantar-company staravar pramanikaran hott rahile. yaa zitjistmadhye tyaa kalatil anek yantriki sahbhagi jhaale hote yaat shanka nahee; joseph clement haah itihasane nondavalelya lokanpaiki eka hota.
1841 madhye, joseph whiteworthne eka rachana tayar kelee jee anek british railway kampanyanni swikarlyamule, united kingdam aanee british samrajyasathi british manak whiteworth navache manak banale. 1840 teey 1860 chya dashakat, asankhya aantar-aanee aantar-company mankanvyatirikt, heey manak anekada ameriketahi vaparale jaat asey. april 1864 madhye, william vikretyanni philadelphiyamadhil franklin sansthela eka pepper sadar keela, jyat amerikechya kharab pramanit screw thread practicechya jaagi naveen manak prastavit kele. vikretyanni 60° chaa dhaga profile aanee sapat toke (whiteworthchya 55° coone aanee golakar tokachya ulat) swikaroon whiteworthchi rachana sopee kelee. 60° coone americet aadhich samanya vaparat hota, parantu vikretyanchya pranaline too aanee dhagyachya swarupache itar serve tapasheel susangat karnyache vachan dile.
vikridarancha dhaga, utpadan karane sope, haah yuu. aii. madheel eka mahattvacha manak banala.ess. 1860 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1870 chya dashakachya suruvatila, jevha yuu antargat kelelya kamasathi manak mhanoon tyachi nivad karnyat aalee.ess. sarkari karar, aanee baldwin locomotive works aanee pensylvania railroad yasarkhya atyant prabhavshali railway udyog mahamandalanni dekhil heey manak mhanoon sweekarle hote. itar kampanyanni teey sweekarle aanee lavkarach teey yuu. ess. sathee rashtriy manak banale.ess., nantar samanyatah united states standard thread (yu. ess. ess. thread) mhanoon olakhala jaat aahe. pudhil 30 varshant heey manak aanakhi paribhashit aanee vistarit karnyat aale aanee 'rashtriy khadbadit (aine. see.), rashtriy dand (aine. eff.)' aanee 'rashtriy pipe taper (aine. pii. tii.)' yasah manakanchya sanchat vikasit karnyat aale."
darmyan, brittenmadhye, lahan upkarane aanee vidyut upkaranansathi british association screw dhage dekhil vikasit aanee parishkrut kele gele. heey metrik thuri dhagyavar aadharit hote, parantu whiteworth ii. sarkhe hote. shahee ekkancha vapar karoon tyanchi vyakhya kelee gelee.
yaa yugat, khandiy europemadhye, british aanee american dhagyache prakar suprasiddha hote, parantu vividh metrik dhagyache manak dekhil vikasit hott hote, jyat sahasa 60° profilecha vapar keela jaat asey. yapaiki kahee rashtriy kinwa ardh-rashtriy mankanmadhye vikasit jhaale. 1898 madhye zurich yetheel screw threadschya pramanikaranasathi aantarrashtriy congressne tyanche bahutek ekikaran kele, jyane naveen aantarrashtriy metrik thread manakanchi vyakhya vikretyanchya dhagyasarkhich profile asaleli, parantu metrik aakarachi ashee kelee. 20vya shatkachya suruvatila yuu. ess. chya sarkaranna patvoon denyache prayatna karnyat aale.ess.britton aanee canadane hii aantarrashtriy manak aanee sarvasadharanpane metrik pranali sweekarli, parantu aavashyak punarpurticha bhandavali kharch kahee companyanna nafyapasoon totyat neil aanee arthvyavasthela adthala aanel yaa yuktivadane tyancha parabhav jhaala. 
1912 teey 1916 darmyan, society auph automobile engineersne (ess. aii. eae.) purvichya yuu. ess. aanee american society auph mechanical engineers (aii. ess. emm. eae.) mankanmadhil palakatva pratibimbit karnari screw thread aakaranchi 'ess. aii. eae. see. see.' malika tayar kelee.
19vya shatkachya uttaradhat aanee 20vya shatkachya suruvatila, abhiyantyanna asey aadhalale qee screw dhagyanchi vishvasarh adalabadalakshamta sunishchit karane heey eka bahuayami aanee aavhanatmak karya hote jeey keval vishisht dhagyasathi mukhya vyas aanee pitch pramanit karnyasarkhe sope navhate. yaa kalatach adhik klisht vishleshananni khelpatticha vyas aanee prushthbhagachi purnank yasarkhya chalanche mahatva spasht kele.
pahilya mahayuddhat aanee tyanantarchya aantaryuddh kalat vishvasarh paraspar vinimayakshamatechya prayatnat prachand pramanat abhiyantrikiche kaam karnyat aale. fitche varg pramanit kele gele aanee screw dhage tayar karnyache aanee tyanchi tapasani karnyache naveen marg vikasit kele gele (jase qee aanee optical comparator). mhanoon, siddhantanusar, dusari mahayuddha suru hoiparyant, screw thread interchangeabilitychi samasya aadhich purnapane sodavali gelee asatee ashee apeksha kelee jaau shakate. durdaivane, heey khote asalyache siddha jhaale. aantarrashtriy vinimayakshamta vyapak hotee, parantu aantarrashtriy vinimayakshamta qamee hotee. dusya mahayuddhadarmyan american, canadian aanee british bhaganmadhye paraspar vinimayakshamatechya abhavamule yaa jawalchya sanlagn rashtranmadhye inch-aadharit manakanche ekikaran karnyacha prayatna jhaala aanee canada, united kingdam aanee united stateschya screw thread manakikaran samityanni 18 november 1949 roji washington, dii.see., tyanna sarvatrikpane sweekarle jaeel yaa aashene. (mool yu. tii. ess. manak aii. ess. aii. (aata aii. aine. ess. aay.) prakashan, khandat aadhalu shakate. 1, 1949.) yu. tii. madhye ekikrut khadbadit (unn), ekikrut dand (unn), ekikrut atirikt dand (unn) aanee ekikrut vishesh (unn) yancha samavesh hoto. jaree thodya kampanyanni whiteworth (bii. ess. doubleu.), british standard fine (bii. ess. eff.) aanee british association (bii. aii.) microscrusathi yookechya swatachya british manakancha vapar karane suru thewale asale taree, yukemadhye heey manak mothya pramanavar ghetale gele.
tathapi, aantarrashtriy staravar, metrik pranali inch-aadharit mapan ekkanna mage takat hotee. 1947 madhye aay. ess. oo. chee sthapana jhaali aanee 1960 madhye metrik-aadharit aantarrashtriy ekak pranali (french 'system international' pasoon sankshipt 'see') tayar karnyat aalee. khandiy europe aanee urvarit jagacha barachsa bhag see aanee aay. ess. oo. metrik screw dhagyakade valalyamule, britton haloohaloo tyach dishene jhukala. aay. ess. oo. metrik screw dhaga heey aata jagbharat sweekarle gelele manak aahe aanee yu. tii. ess. saha serve purvichya manakanche haloohaloo visthapan karat aahe. yuu madhye.ess.jethe yu. tii. ess. ajunahi prachalit aahet, tethe 40 takkyanhun adhik utpadananmadhye kiman kahee aay. ess. oo. metrik screw dhage asatat. brittonne aay. ess. oo. metrik dhagyanchya bajoone yu. tii. ess. kadey asaleli aapali bandhilaki purnapane sodoon dilee aahe aanee canada yaa darmyan aahe. udhyoganchya jagatikikaranamule alpasankhyak manke tappyatappyane kadhoon taknyachya bajoone bajaravar dabav nirman hoto. eka changle udaharan mhanje vahan udyog; yuu.ess. auto parts karkhanyanni phaar purvi aay. ess. oo. manakanche palan karanyachi kshamata vikasit kelee hotee aanee aaj naveen gadyansathi farach qamee parts, yu. ess. madhye tayar kele gele asale taree, inch-aadharit aakar rakhoon thevatat.ess.
aajahi, yuu. tii. ess. neey yuu. ess. ess. aanee ess. aii. eae. malikanchi jaaga ghetalyanantarchya ardhya shatkahoon adhik kalanantar, kampanya ajunahi 'yuu. ess. ess.' aanee 'ess. aii. eae.' sarkhya padnamansah hardware vikatat jenekarun teey metrikchya tulanet inch aakarache aahe. yapaiki bahutansh yantrasamagri pratyakshat yu. tii. ess. sathee tayar kelee jaate, parantu labeling aanee catalogging shabdavali nehmich achook nasate.
abhiyantriki rekhachitra.
american abhiyantriki rekhachitranmadhye, ency y14.6 heey threaded bhag darshavinyasathi manke paribhashit karate. bhag tyancha nammatra vyas (screw dhagyancha nammatra pramukh vyas), pitch (prati inch dhagyanchi sankhya) aanee dhagyasathi yogya asalelya vargadvare darshavile jaatat. udaharanarth, ". 750-10 anak-2aii" mhanje purush (aaa) jyacha mukhya vyas 0.750 inch, 10 dhage prati inch aanee varg-2 julato; "." 500-20 anaf-1bii "mhanje stree (buub) jyacha mukhya vyas 0.500-inch nammatra, 20 dhage prati inch aanee varg-1 julato. yaa padanamapasun sambandhit prushthbhagaparyant baana nirdesh karato.
pidhi.
screw dhaga tayar karnyache anek marg aahet, jyat paramparik vaja karnare prakar (udaharanarth, vividh prakarche cutting [single-pointing, tapp aanee dye, dye heads, milling]; moulding; casting [dye casting, sand casting]; forming aanee rolling; grinding; aanee itar prakriyanche anusaran karnyasathi kadhikadhi lapping); naveen yojak tantre; aanee tyanche sanyojan.
tapasani.
aanakhi eka samanya tapasani bindu mhanje boult kinwa scruchy saralata. jevha purv-chhidransah jodani samasya asatat tevha haah vishay anekada samore yeto kaaran fastner kinwa chhidra doshpurn aahe qee nahee heey nirdharit karane haah pahila samasyanivarak bindu asato. yaa samasyeche nirakaran karnyasathi 'aii. ess. emm. eae. <aay. dii. 1>' heey 'saralpanache gej aanee boult aanee skrusathi gazing' vikasit kele gele. manakachya vyaptinusar, teey jastit jaast samgrichya sthiteet (emm. emm. see.) boult aanee screw saralata tapasanyasathi gej aanee prakriyeche varnan karate aanee lagoo utpadan mankamadhye namood naan kelyavar purvanirdharit maryada pradan karate.