
bedrock limited, ell. ell. see. vhee. united states

bedrock limited, ell. ell. see. vhee. united states, 541 yuu.ess. 176 (2004) haah united stateschya sarvoch nyayalayacha khatala aahe, jyamadhye nyayalayane nirnay deela qee 1919 chya pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyantargat valoo aanee kandee hii united states sarkarsathi rakheev asaleli "maulyavan khanije" naheet. nyayalayane yachikakartyachi bajoo ghetali, bedrock limited aanee navvya circuit kortacha nirnay ulatala. bedrock limitedne pitman kayadyantargat midavalelya jamininmadhun valoo aanee kankari kadhoon takali hotee aanee united states, prativadi, assa yuktivad karat hota qee tee yuu. ess. sathee rakheev hotee.ess. tyaa kayadyantargat sarkar.
william rehankvistne bahusankhya mutt lihile, jeey majkoorvadi drushtikonavar avalambun hote aanee tyat teen nyayadhish sameel jhaale. 1919 madhye pitman kayada manjur jhaala tevha nevadamadhye valoo aanee kandee yanna "maulyavan khanije" manale jaat navhate assa yuktivad tyanni keela. clarence thomas yanni eka ekmatane mutt lihile aanee aanakhi eka nyaymurti tyanna sameel jhaala. done nyayadhish johnn pii. madhye sameel jhaale. stevensche asahmatiche mutt, jeey vidhimandalachya itihasavar aanee sarvoch nyayalayachya aadhichya nirnayavar avalambun hote.
parshvabhoomi.
1940 madhye, neuton aanee mable butlerne pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyantargat () jaminiche paytant ghetale. hii jameen laas vegaschya uttarela newada yetheel linken countymadhye hotee. eka bhadekarune 1990 chya dashakachya suruvatila valoo aanee kankari kadhanyas suruvat kelee. 1993 madhye hii jameen earl vilyamsala vikali gelee aanee tyane jaminivarun valoo aanee kankari kadhoon takane suru thewale. tyach varshi, vilyamsala beuro auph land managementakadoon (bii. ell. emm.) done atikraman soochana midalya, jyat too sarvajanik jamininmadhun khanij sahitya kadhoon takat asalyacha yuktivad keela gela. vilyamsane yaa soochananna aavhan dile, parantu sarkarne jaminivaril "maulyavan khanijanna" aarakshan asalyacha nirnay blumney deela.
1995 madhye, bedrock limited, ell. ell. see. neey jameen vikat ghetali aanee antargat vibhagashi jhalelya antarim kararanusar valoo aanee kankari kadhoon takane suru thewale. kararanusar, antim tharav pralambit asatana, companyne kadhoon takalelya pratyek ghan yard valoo aanee kandichya vikritoon bedrock limitedla paise escromadhye thevayache hote. eka varshanantar, bedrock limitedne paschim abhijat vargala jameen hastantarit kelee. bhoo apilanchya antargat mandalane 1997 madhye pitman kayadyachya vidhimandal itihasavar aanee congresschya hetuvar avalambun rahoon bii. ell. emm. chaa nirnay kayam thewala.
tyanantar, bedrock limitedne nevadachya united states jilha nyayalayat shant shirshakasathi karvai dakhal kelee. bedrock limitedne valoo aanee kandichi malki magitali, tarr american sarkarne atikraman nuksan bharpaichi magani kelee. 24 meey 1999 roji nyayalayache nyaymurti phillip martin pro yanni nirnay deela qee pitman kayadyantargat valoo aanee kankari hii american sarkarsathi rakheev asaleli "maulyavan khanije" aahet. nyayalayane swatahla vicharale qee valoo aanee kankari hii khanije aahet qaa, tee maulyavan aahet qaa aanee pitman kayadyachya "khanij nasalelya" pramanpatracha kahee prabhav aahe qaa. nyayalayane valoo aanee kankari hii khanije asalyacha yuktivad keela aanee congresschya hetuvar aanee vadavivadanvar aadharit pitman kayadyantargat tee maulyavan asalyache tharavale. yashivay, khanije asalelya jaminiche bigger-khanije mhanoon vargikaran kele jaau shakate assa yuktivad nyayalayane keela.
bedrock limitedne navvya circuit nyayalayat apeal kele aanee pashchatya abhijat vargala firyadi mhanoon jodanyat aale. teen nyayadhishanchi samitee, jyat nyayadhish michael dally hockins, susanne pii. graber aanee richard see. 7 november 2002 roji tolmanne yuktivad keela aanee jilha nyayalayachya nirnayala dujora deela. graberne heey mutt lihile hote. pitman kayadyachi bhasha swatach sandigdha hotee assa nishkarsh kadhalyanantar, nyayalayane kayadyachya uddeshakade aanee vidhimandalachya itihasakade durlaksh kele. navvya circuit nyayalayane nirnay deela qee valoo aanee kankari hii united statessathi rakheev asaleli "maulyavan khanije" hotee, kaaran pitman kayada lagoo jhaala tevha valoo aanee kankarisathi bajarpeth hotee aanee pitman kayadyache aarakshan stock-rezing homestead kayadyachya khanij aarakshanaevadhech asave assa congresscha hetu hota. nyayalayane mhatale qee, "khanij aarakshanache (kayadyachya) krishi uddeshachya prakashat vyapakpane vachan kele pahije". valoo aanee kankari maulyavan aahet qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi sthal-vishisht vishleshanacha vapar karava lagel assa yuktivad bedrockne keela, parantu nyayalayane asahmati darshavali.
sarvoch nyayalayane 30 september 2003 roji pramanpatra dile aanee pudhil varshi 20 janewari roji tondi yuktivad jhaala. yuktivadadarmyan, bedrock limitedche pratinidhitva aar dware kele gele. timothi macrum, tarr united states sarkarche pratinidhitva thomas ell. sunsonatti. clarence thomas vagalata serve nyayadhishanni prashna vicharale kinwa tippanya kelya.
kayadeshir parshvabhoomi.
1919 madhye lagoo jhalelya pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyantargat jaminiche paytant manjur karnyat aale hote. tyaa kayadyantargat, antargat sachiv paanee puravatha sthapit karananya lokanna paytant deu shakat hote. teey fakt newadala lagoo hote. pitman kayadyachya aathvya vibhagat asey mhatale aahe qee pratyek petantmadhye "jaminitil serve kolasa aanee itar maulyavan khanijanche united statesla aarakshan" aanee khanijanchya vilhewat lavtana lagoo asalelya kayadyannusar sarkarla "tyachi shakyata, khaan aanee kadhoon taknyacha" adhikar aahe.
sarvoch nyayalayane 'watt vhee.' chaa hawala deela. western nuclear, ink.", 1983 chaa sarvoch nyayalayacha nirnay, jyamadhye nyayalayane 1916 madhye lagoo karnyat aalelya sathavan gharanchya kayadyachya (ess. aar. etch. aii.) khanij aarakshanacha arth lavala. sarvoch nyayalayane nirnay deela qee gravel heey ess. aar. etch. aii. antargat sarkarsathi rakheev asalele khanij aahe. petantdharak asalelya prushthbhagavaril malmattecha kinwa sarkarchya khanij malmattecha bhag kankari aahe qaa heey nyayalayane pahile. jevha teey khanij swarupache asatat, teey matitoon kadhale jaau shakatat, vyavsayik karanansathi vaparale jaau shakatat aanee jevha padarth prushthbhagachya malmattet samavisht karnyache konatehi kaaran nasate tevha teey padarth sarkarsathi rakheev thewale jaatat asey tyane tharavale. shrahache khanij aarakshan pitman kayadyapeksha vegale aahe, kaaran shramadhye "maulyavan" haah shabd samavisht nahee.
nyayalayache mutt.
nyayalayane 31 march 2004 roji nirnay deela aanee teen matey dilee. bahumatala chaar nyayadhishanni, done nyayadhishanni ekmatane aanee teen nyayadhishanni asahmatine pathimba deela. 1919 madhye samanya dnyananusar kayada manjur jhaala tevha valoo aanee kandee maulyavan navhati, assa yuktivad bahusankhyanni keela, tarr asahmati vyakt karananya matanusar 'maulyavan' yaa shabdavar bharr dene anyaykarak hote aanee aarakshanat valoo aanee kandee samavisht karnyacha congresscha hetu hota. khanij' yaa shabdamadhyech 'watt vhee.' madhye tharavalyapramane vyavsayik hetuchi aavashyakta samavisht aahe asey mhanat, mulyavar bharr dene anyaykarak asalyache ekmatane manya kele. western nuclear, ink."
bahusankhyanche mutt.
bahusankhyanche mutt mukhya nyayadhish william rehunkvist yanni lihile hote aanee nyaymurti sandra day oo 'connor, antonin scalia aanee anthony kenedi heey tyanchyasobat hote. majkoorvadi drushtikon swikartana, bahutansh lokanche asey mutt hote qee valoo aanee kankari hii sarkarsathi rakheev asaleli "maulyavan khanije" naheet. nyayalayane sangitale qee teey 'watt vhee.' madhye aapala nirnay vadhavnar naheet. western nuclear, ink."asey mhanane qee valoo aanee kankari hii maulyavan khanije aahet. bahusankhyanchya matey, jevha kayada lagoo karnyat aala tevha nyayalayala kayadyachya arthavar laksh kendrit karave lagale aanee tyanni swatahla vicharale qee "nevadamadhye sapadaleli valoo aanee kankari 1919 madhye samanyatah" maulyavan khanije "mhanoon manali jaat hotee qaa? bahusankhyanchya matey, samanya dnyanane nahee asey mhatale, kaaran valoo aanee kandee mubalak pramanat asalyane, tyanche konatehi aantarik moolya navhate aanee 1919 madhye newada yethe vyavsayikdrushtya nirupayogi hote. nyayalayane mhatale qee valoo aanee kandee yanna "maulyavan khanije" mhanoon chukiche samajoo shakat nahee, mug teey khanije manale gele taree.
shivay, pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyat asey mhatale aahe qee, asha vilhewat lavnyachya velee lagoo asalelya kolasa aanee khanij jameen kayadyanchya tartudinnusar vilhewat lavavi lagel. nyayalayane mhatale qee congress 1872 chya samanya khaan kayadyacha sandarbh dett hotee, jyamadhye mhatale hote qee "united stateschya jamininmadhil serve maulyavan khanij sathe" mukt aanee shodh aanee kharedisathi khule hote. bahusankhya lokanni sangitale qee, "samanya valoo aanee kankari samanya khaan kayadyantargat shodhanyayogya" maulyavan khanij satha "banoo shakat nahee" yaat nirvivadata aahe.
bahumatane vidhimandalachya itihasacha vichar keela nahee, jase qee 'watt vhee.' madhye keela hota. western nuclear, ink.", kaaran pitman kayadyane stock-rezing homestead kayadyachya (ess. aar. etch. aii.) ulat" maulyavan "haah shabd spashtapane vaparla aahe. shramadhye 'maulyavan' haah shabd naslyamule, nyayalayala 'watt vhee.' madhye congresschya hetubaddal andaj lavava lagla. western nuclear, ink."shivay, firyadichya bajoone nirnay gheuun, nyayalayane aapale tattva sodale qee" jameen anudan sarkarla anukool manale jaate... aanee jarr kahee shanka asateel tarr tyaa sarkarsathi rakheev aahet, tyachya virodhat nahee, jyala tyanni 'waut vhee.' madhye 'sthapit niyam' mhatale aahe. western nuclear, ink."
sahmat mutt.
nyaymurti clairance thomas yanni eka ekmat mutt lihile, jyat nyaymurti stephen brair yanni sahbhag ghetala. pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyatil khanij aarakshan aanee sathavanuk gruhnirman kayadyat (ess. aar. etch. aii.) konatahi farak keela jaau shakat nahee yaa asahmatichya matashi thomas sahmat jhaale. tathapi, tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee valoo aanee kankari haah donhi kayadyanchya khanij aarakshanacha bhag nahee, watt vhee. shhee asahmat aahet. western nuclear, ink."
maulyavan' yaa shabdavar bahusankhyanni dilela bharr anyaykarak aahe, kaaran pitman kayadyat 'maulyavan khanije' aanee 'khanije' paraspar badalali jaatat, assa yuktivad thomas yanni keela. thomas mhanale qee donhi vakye samanarthi mhanoon aahet. shivay, thomas mhanale qee jarr khanijanche vyavsayik moolya asane aavashyak aahe, tarr teey 'vatt vhee' shhee visangat asel. western nuclear, ink.", kaaran tyaa nirnayat asey mhatale hote qee jevha ekhada padarth vyavsayik karanansathi vaparla jaau shakato tevha too khanij asato. thomas, tyanchya matey, 'watt vhee.' chya nishkarshashi asahmat hote. western nuclear, ink."valoo aanee kankari hii shraha antargat khanije aahet yavar tyanche ekmat navhate, kaaran jevha shraha paar kelee gelee tevha, kalpanikdrushtya," tyancha vapar vyavsayik karanansathi keela jaau shakala asata ". 1919 madhye pitman kayada manjur jhaala tevha samanya dnyan aanee vaidhanik sandarbhanusar valoo aanee kandicha vapar vyavsayik karanansathi keela jaau shakat nahee yaa bahumatachya matashi thomas sahmat hote. thomas yanni tyanchya matey lihile qee teey 'watt wii. western nuclear, ink."yaa nirnayashi asahmat asoonahi.
asahmatiche mutt.
nyaymurti johnn pii. stevensney eka asahmatipurn mutt lihile, jyat nyaymurti david sotter aanee rooth badder ginsberg sameel jhaale. stevens mhanale qee bahusankhyanche mutt purnapane 'maulyavan' yaa shabdavar avalambun aahe aanee tyanni haah bharr nakarla. teey mhanale qee, pitman bhoomigat jaal kayadyache aarakshan heey sathavan gharanchya kaydyasarkhech asave.
stevens yanni mhatale qee, pitman kayada aanee shriha aarakshan yaat farak karnyacha congresscha hetu asanyachi shakyata phaar qamee aahe, kaaran congressla shrihachya aavarat asalelya jamineet valoo aanee kankarisathi aarakshan havey hote, parantu pitman kayadyane aavrut asalelya jamineet valoo aanee kankarisathi nahee heey atarkik asel. yashivay, stevens yanni gruh samitichya ahavalacha sandarbh deela, jyamadhye mhatale hote qee pitman kayadyachya kalam 8 madhye khanijanche sanrakshn shrihaitakech aahe. watt vhee." yaa vastusthitikade durlaksh kelyabaddal stevensney bahusankhyanchya matanvar teeka kelee. western nuclear, ink."khanij honyasathi padarth maulyavan asane aavashyak aahe asey aadhich mhatale aahe. shivay, teey mhanale qee "maulyavan khanije" aanee "khanije" heey samanarthi aahet, kaaran pitman kayadyat "maulyavan khanije" haah shabd donada aanee "khanije" aanee "khanij" heey shabd "maulyavan" yaa shabdashivay aath vela aahet.
stevensney 'watt vhee' madheel bahumatache mutt asanyachi shakyata nakarli nahee. western nuclear, ink."congresschya hetucha chukicha arth lavala, parantu junya hetupeksha congresschya hetuche dusare moolyankan karnyache konatehi kaaran nahee, asey teey mhanale. congresscha mool hetu shodhanyasathi vidhimandalacha itihas naan vaparlyabaddal stevensney bahusankhyanchya matanvar teeka kelee, jyacha parinam vaiyaktik pradhanyavar aadharit nirnayanmadhye houu shakato. pitman kayadyachya spasht bhashemule vidhimandalacha itihas pahane anavashyak asalyacha yuktivad bahusankhyanni keela.