
sunavani (kayada)

kayadyanusar, sunavani hii nyayalay kinwa itar nirnay ghenari sanstha kinwa adhikari, jase qee sarkari sanstha kinwa vidhimandal samitisamorchi karyavahi aahe.
varnan.
sunavani samanyatah khatalyapeksha vegali asate kaaran tee sahasa lahan aanee anekada qamee aupcharik asate.
khatalyachya darmyan, sunavanimadhye prastavanchya samarthanarth tondi yuktivad sadar kele jaatat. yaa yuktivadancha uddesh pudhil khatalyashivay prakaran sodavane, jase qee fetalanyachya prastavadvare kinwa sankshipt nirnayasathi, kinwa puravyachi swikararhata yasarkhya kayadyachya swatantra muddyancha nirnay ghene, jeey khatala kassa pudhe jaeel heey tharvel. kayadeshir yuktivadanna purak honyasathi sunavanimadhye maryadit purave aanee saksh dekhil sadar kelee jaau shakate.
prakar.
deshanusar shabdavali badalate aanee vegvegalya kayadeshir pranalinkhali sunavaniche vividh prakar aahet.
prathamik sunavani (jyala purava sunavani, sambhavya kaaran sunavani aanee itar bhinn atty mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaate) hii eka karyavahi aahe, jee firyadine faujdari takrar dakhal kelyanantar, khatalyachi aavashyakta bhasavanyasathi purese purave aahet qee nahee heey nirdharit karnyasathi aahe.
austreliya.
sunavani haah austreliyatil nyayalayin prakriyecha eka bhag aahe. eka khatalyat sunavaniche vividh prakar asatat. anek sunavani asoo shakatat, jaree serve niyojit nastil. yamadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh
united kingdam.
sunavani haah ingland aanee velsmadhil nyayalayin prakriyecha eka bhag aahe. roll-up hearing' hii sandnya dekhil vaparali jaate, jyacha sandarbh asha prasanganna deela jaato jevha prakriyatmak arjasathi parvanagi vicharat ghetali jaate, jyachya aadhare parvanagi dilee gelee tarr, nantar lagechach mool arjachi sunavani kelee jaeel.
united states.
amerikechya kayadeshir vyavasthet anek vegvegalya prakarchya sunavani aahet, jyaa pratyek eka adviteey uddesh sadhya karatat. 
20vya shatkachya madhyat, jyala 'yogya prakriya kranti' mhatale gele aahe, tyacha parinam mhanoon sarvoch nyayalayachya nirnayanchya malikene kayadeshir karyavahimadhye vyaktinche adhikar vadhavale aanee adhik aupcharik prakriya aanee sanrakshanachi aavashyakta hotee.
yaa kalatil eka mahattvacha nirnay 'goldberg wii.' hota. kelee "(1970), jyat newyork rajyatil kalyankari laabh sampushtat aananyasathi vyavasthela aavhan dile gele. nyayalayane asey mhatale qee chaudavya durustichya yogya prakriyechya khandat vyaktinna tyanche laabh samapt honyapurvi sunavani karanyachi aanee purava sadar karanyachi sandhee asane aavashyak aahe.
goldberg' madheel nirnayamule heey tattva sthapit karnyas madat jhaali qee anek prashasakeey nirnayansathi kayadyachya yogya prakriyeshivay vyakti tyanchya hakkanpasoon vanchit rahnar naheet yachee khatri karnyasathi kahee prakarchi sunavani kinwa itar prakriya aavashyak asate. sunavani mhanje kaay heey sandarbhavar avalambun asoo shakate heey dekhil tyat spasht kele aahe. goldberg" madhye, jalad nirnayache uddisht "kiman prakriyatmak surakshitateparyant samaptipoorv sunavanichya maryadeche samarthan karane" asey thevanyat aale hote, jyamadhye sakshidaranna hajar rahanyacha aanee ulat chaukashi karnyacha adhikar yasarkhya moolbhut babincha samavesh hota, parantu tyat "sampoorn nond aanee sarvasamaveshak mutt" samavisht navhate. yacha amerikechya kayadeshir vyavasthevar lakshaniy parinam jhaala aahe, jyamule vividh kayadeshir sandarbhanmadhye aavashyak asalelya sunavanichya aanee itar karyapaddhatinchya sankhyet vaadh jhaali aahe.