
johann bernhard bezdo

johann bernhard bezdo (11 september 1724-25 julai 1790) haah eka german shaikshanik sudharak, shikshak aanee lekhak hota. tyanni paropkari sansthechi sthapana kelee, jee desaumadhil alpakalin parantu prabhavshali purogami shaala hotee aanee mulansathi lokpriy sachitra pathyapustak 'elementarwork' chey teey lekhak hote.
prarambhik jeevan.
bezdocha janm hambergmadhye jhaala, joou eka vigmekarcha mulga hota. tyache vadil (heinrich bezou) yanche varnan 'jawaljawal kroor' asey kele gele aahe aanee tyachi aaee, annah maria leonhard, 'jawaljawal vedepanachya nairashyane' grast asalyache varnan kele gele aahe, jyamule tyache balpan aanandipeksha qamee jhaale. tyane tyachya vadilanchya vyavasayache anusaran karave asey niyojan karnyat aale hote, parantu vayachya 14 vya varshi too holsteinmadhye eka grameen doctorcha sevak mhanoon nokri shodhanyasathi gharatoon paloon gela. tyachya niyoktyane johanchya vilakshan bauddhik bhetvastu olakhalya aanee tyala tyachya palkankade eka patra gheuun gharee parat pathavale, jyane tyanna tyanchya mulala hambergmadhil johaniummadhye shikshan ghenyachi parvanagi denyas pravrutt kele. yethe, johann tarkvadi etch. chya prabhavakhali aala.ess. reimarus (1694-1768), lessingne prakashit kelelya prasiddha 'wolfenbuttler fragment' chey lekhak.
1744 madhye, bedo dharamshastracha vidyarthi mhanoon leapzig vidyapithat gela, parantu tyaeivaji tattvadnyanachya abhyasakade valala, visheshtah wolfchya "tarkshastracha" prabhav padala. yamule too tyachya swatachya khrishchan shraddheche parikshan karoo lagla aanee 'khrishchanvad aanee nisargvadachya madhyabhagi' asalelya sthanavar pohochala. asha prakare, tyanni tyancha dharmaguru vyavasay nakarla aanee tyaeivaji kattartavad aanee sudharanavadakade valale. too carl edolph wonn bezadocha aajoba hota.
shikshak aanee shaikshanik.
1749 teey 1753 darmyan, bezdo haah holsteinchya borghorst yethe rahana hair wonn kwalen yaa kuleen vyaktichya mulacha khajgi shikshak hota. tyanni mulasobat sambhashan aanee khel yavar aadharit naveen shikavanyachya paddhati aanee sharirik vikasacha karyakram vikasit keela. tyanche yash itake hote qee tyanni tyanchya paddhatinvar, "kuleen lokanchya mulanna shikavanyachya sarvottam aanee aataparyantchya adnyat paddhativar" eka grunth lihila, joou tyanni 1752 madhye keel vidyapithala sadar keela aanee tyanni master auph artschee padvi prapt kelee.
1753 madhye, tyanna denmarkmadhil soro akadamimadhye naitik tattvadnyanache pradhyapak aanee 'bails-lateres' mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. teey eka atishay lokpriy shikshak asalyache siddha jhaale aanee tyanna dharamshastravar vyakhyan denyasathi dekhil bolavanyat aale. tathapi, tyanchi nirbhik, sansthavirodhi matey aanee 1758 madhye 'practices philosophy' (vyavharik tattvadnyan) yaa pustakache prakashan, jyamadhye tyanni tyanchya aparamparik dharmik sthitiche spashtikaran dile, yamule 1761 madhye tyanna yaa padavarun hatvale gele aanee altona yethe badali jhaali; yethe tyanchya prakashit karyanmule tyanna rudhivadi padrinshi sangharsh karava lagla. pudhil shikshan denyas tyala manai karnyat aalee hotee, parantu tyacha pagar gamavala nahee; aanee 1767 chya akheris, tyane shikshanasathi tyach utkatatene swatahla samarpit karnyasathi dharamshastra sodale, jyachi tyane germanymadhye samanya sudharananchya prakalpachi kalpana kelee.
prathamik pustak aanee paropkar.
1768 madhye, rusochya shikshanavaril kalpanancha jordar prabhav asalelya bedone 'vorstelung aine menschainfriende phara scheulen, nebst dame plan eans elementarbuches dair menscleachain erchantnis' ('shalansathi paropkari lokansathi kalpana, manvi dnyanachya prathamik pustakachya yojnesah') heey pustak prakashit kele. tyanni shalanmadhye aanee samanya shikshan paddhatinmadhye sudharana, patra shikshakansathi eka sanstha sthapan karnyacha prastav mandala aanee '(' prathamik pustak ') yaa naveen sachitra pustakachya chhapaisathi sadasyatvachi magani kelee, jithe tyanchi tattve savistarpane spasht kelee jaatil. shikshanacha darja sudharane, serve prakarchya vidyarthyanvaril kroor vaganuk door karane aanee tyaeivaji karuna aanee samajootdarpana aanane aanee vidyarthyanna shikanyas madat karnyasathi naveen shaikshanik sahitya aanee pustake sadar karane yaa uddeshane yaa mahattvachya shaikshanik sudharananna pathimba dene hii serve samajachi jababdari aahe, heey tyanni lakshat ghetale. tyanni aapala sudharana prakalp shrimant vyaktinna prastavit keela jyanna tyanna maheet hote qee tyanna manavtela madat karnyat rus aahe aanee tyanna lavkarach aarthik pathbal midale. suruvatila tyane vees hajaranhun adhik theller gola kele aanee 1774 madhye too daniel chodovikichya chitransah chaar khandanmadhye elementarwork prakashit karoo shakala. elementarvarkmadhye prathamik shikshanachi eka sampoorn pranali hotee, jyacha uddesh vidyarthyanchi buddhimatta vikasit karane aanee tyanna shakya titke keval shabdanni navhe tarr vastavanchya samparkat aanane haah hota; 1664 madhye comeniuschya 'aurbis pictus' nantar mulansathi prakashit honare heey pahile chitra pathyapustak hote. shikshak aanee palakanna madat karnyasathi eka sahchar 'methdenbuch' (paddhat pustak) dekhil hote.
manavatechya mitrankadun' (paropkar = manavtevaril prem) milanara haah aarthik pathimba, paropkari chalvalicha sansthapak mhanoon sthapit jhaala aanee tyane pahili paropkari sankalpana vikasit kelee. shikshan sudharana chalvalila pudhe nenyasathi paropkar haah avibhajya bhag hota aanee anyatha too yashasvi houu shakala nasata.
bedo haah gothecha mitra hota aanee tyachya madhyamatoon tyane unhault-desochya rajkumar franzechi olakh karoon dilee, joou bedochya shaikshanik sudharananchya yojanancha thaam samarthak banala aanee desomadhye 'paropkari' yaa naveen shalechya sthapanela pathimba denyas tayar jhaala. december 1774 madhye hii shaala ughadali gelee, jyache mukhya vakya 'nisarganusar serve kahee' heey hote. shrimant aanee garibanna ekatra shikshan dile jayache, abhyaskram vyavharikdrushtya aadharit hota aanee germanmadhye (lattin kinwa greekaivaji) aayojit keela jaat hota, hastakala shikavali jaat hotee, khel aanee sharirik vyayamavar bharr deela jaat hota aanee shalecha ganvesh sopa aanee adhik aaramdayak banavala jaat hota. 1793 paryant hii shaala tulanene alp kalasathi khulee asali taree, tyacha sudharanatmak prabhav lakshaniy asalyache siddha jhaale aanee germany aanee paradeshat ashach anek sansthanchya sthapanela prerana midali.
nantarche jeevan.
durdaivane, jyaa nokarisathi sarvat jaast niyamitata, sanyam aanee laksh aavashyak hote, tyat yashasvi honyasathi bedo swabhavane kinwa savayine door keela gela nahee; tyacha raag asahya hota aanee paropkarache tyache vyavasthapan heey tyachya sahkanyanshi eka pradirgh bhandan hote. 1778 madhye tyanni sansthechya sanchalakpadacha rajinama deela. tyanni gertrude elizabeth hammershey vivah keela. tyala khristi henriate louis wonn bezdo (joou janmachya velee maran pavala), antoney louis emily wonn bezdo, ludwig wonn bezdo aanee henriac josias wonn bezdos anek mule hotee.>
1790 madhye magdebergmadhye bedocha mrutyu jhaala.
granthasuchi.
bedochi pustakeh
bedo aanee tyachya karyabaddalah