
andaj bajar

sattebaji bajar, mahitee bajar, nirnay bajar, kalpana bhavishya kinwa ghatana vyutpann mhanoon dekhil olakhale jaanare andaj bajar heey khule bajar aahet jeey aarthik protsahanancha vapar karoon vishisht parinamancha andaj lavnyas saksham karatat. vividh ghatananchya parinamanmadhye vyaparasathi satta lavnyasathi sthapan keleli tee vinimay-vyapar bajarpeth aahet. yaa karyakramachi sambhavyata kitee aahe asey gardila vatate heey bajarache darr soochit karoo shakatat. andaj bajar karar 0 aanee 100% darmyan vyavhar karato. binary paryay bajarpeth haah andaj bajaracha sarvat samanya prakar aahe, jyachi mudat 0 kinwa 100% chya kimmatit sampel. andaj bajar haah croudsourcing adhik samanya sankalpaneshi sambandhit aahe asey manale jaau shakate, jyachi rachana vishesh karoon swarasya asalelya vishisht vishayanvaril mahitee ektrit karnyasathi kelee gelee aahe. bhavishyatil adnyat parinamanvar ektrit vishvas nirman karane hii andaj bajaranchi mukhya uddishte aahet. vegvegalya vishvasanche vyapari asha kararanvar vyapar karatat jyanche pratiphal bhavishyatil adnyat parinamashi sambandhit asatat aanee kararanchya bajarbhavanna ektrit vishvas manale jaate.
itihas.
vaidnyanik matdanachya yugachya aadhi, andaj bajarache prarambhik prakar anekada rajkiy sattebajichya swarupat astitvat hote. ashee eka rajkiy paij 1503 salchi aahe, jyamadhye lock popcha uttaradhikari kona asel yavar paij lavtat. tevhahi tee aadhipasunach 'junie pratha' manali jaat hotee. bhakit bajaranchya itihasavar sanshodhan karananya paul rodd aanee coleman strumpf yanchya matey, wall streetmadhye 1884 salchya nivadanukivaril sattebajichya nondi aahet. rodd aanee strumpf yancha andaj aahe qee amerikechya adhyakshiy nivadanukitil sattebajichi sarasari uladhal hii prachar kharchachya 50 takkyanhun adhik aahe.
andaj bajaramagil kalpanansathichya aarthik siddhantache shrey friedrich heyak yanna tyanchya 1945 chya 'samajat dnyanacha vapar' yaa lekhat aanee ludwig wonn misses yanna tyanchya 'samajvadi rashtrakulatil aarthik ganana' madhye dile jaau shakate. aadhunik arthshastradnya sahmat aahet qee misesacha yuktivad aanee hayekcha tyacha vistar yogya aahe. james suroviki yanchya 2004 madheel 'daad vision auph croud' yaa pustakat, cass sunsteinchya 2006 madheel 'infotopia' aanee dugglus hubbard yanchya 'kasha prakare kahihi mojayacheh vyavasayatil amoort goshtinche moolya shodhane' yaa pustakat andaj bajarala yash midale aahe. sanshodhan sahitya samvayaskanni punaravalokan kelelya 'daad journal auph prediction market' madhye ektrit kele aahe, jeey leiton waghan williams yanni sampadit kele aahe aanee buckingham press vidyapithane prakashit kele aahe.
achookata.
andaj bajarachi mahitee ektrit karanyachi aanee achook andaj lavnyachi kshamata karyaksham-bajar gruhitkavar aadharit aahe, jyamadhye asey mhatale aahe qee malmattechya kimmati serve upalabdh mahitee purnapane pratibimbit karatat. udaharanarth, vidyaman sambhaganchya kimmatinmadhye nehmi achook andaj lavnyasathi share bajarasathi serve sambandhit mahitee samavisht asate.
james suroviki yanni samoohik shahanpanasathi teen aavashyak atty upasthit kelyah mahitichi vividhata, nirnayache swatantrya aanee sanstheche vikendrikaran. andaj lavana bajarachya babatit, pratyek sahbhagikade samanyatah itarankadun vaividhyapurn mahitee asate aanee too swatantrapane tyancha nirnay gheto. kaushalyachya nirnayanchya tulanet bajarpethet vikendrikaranache vaishishtya aahe. yaa karananmule, samoohik shahanpan midvinyasathi aanee achook andaj lavnyasathi andaj lavnara bajar haah samanyatah eka maulyavan srot asato.
pudhil vaishishtyanmule andaj bajaranna itar prakarchya andajanpeksha fayda aahe. pratham, teey karyakshamatene bharpur mahitee, vishvas aanee mahitee ektrit karoo shakatat. pudhe, teey aarthik aanee itar prakarchya protsahanandware satya aanee sambandhit mahitee midavatat. andaj bajar naveen mahitee patkan samavisht karoo shakatat aanee tyat ferfar karane katheen aahe.
vividh paristhitinmadhye andaj bajarachya achookatecha abhyas keela gela aahe aanee asankhya sanshodhakanni tyala pathimba deela aahe.
andaj bajarachya achookatemule, mahattvache nirnay ghenyasathi vividh udhyoganna teey lagoo kele gele aahe. kahee udaharananmadhye heey samavisht aaheh
jaree andaj bajar byavachada byanpaiki achook aanee yashasvi asale taree, anek vela bajar yogya andaj lavnyat kinwa too banavanyat apayashi tharato. austriyan arthshastradnya friedrich heyak yanchya 1945 madheel eka kalpanevar aadharit, andaj bajar hii "vyaktinchya tabyat asalelya mothya pramanat mahitee gola karnyasathi aanee tee upayukt mahitee bindumadhye sanshleshit karnyasathichi yantrana aahe".
andaj bajar mahitee gola karnyacha eka marg mhanje james surovikichya 'gardiche shahanpan' yaa vakyandvare, jyamadhye matanchi pureshi vistrut shreni asalelya lokancha gut ektritpane konatyahi vyaktipeksha hushar asoo shakato. tathapi, heey mahitee gola karnyache tantra andaj bajarala apayashi tharoo shakate. anekada, yaa garditil lock samvayaskancha dabav, bheeti, purvagrah aanee matanchya vividhatechya abhavamule vikasit jhalelya itar bighadanmule tyanchya swatantra nirnayanmadhye tirkas asatat.
gardichya buddhichya mukhya maryada aanee maryada mhanje kahee andajatmak prashnanna vishesh dnyanachi aavashyakta asate jee bahutansh lokanna nasate. yaa dnyanachya abhavamule, gardichi uttare kadhikadhi khoop chukichi asoo shakatat.
dusari bajar yantrana mhanje seemant-vyapari gruhitak. yaa siddhantanusar, "gardi chukichi aahe asha thikanancha shodh ghenanya vyakti nehmich asateel". jevha gardi ayashasvi hote aanee moolye tirkas houu shakatat tevha yaa vyakti, eka prakare, andaj bajarala punha rulavar aanatat.
2017 chya suruvatila, emm. aay. tii. chya sanshodhakanni mothya garditoon uttarachi achookata sudharnyas madat karnyasathi 'aashcharyakarakpane lokpriy' algoridam vikasit keela. uttarachya achukateche moolyankan kartana aatmavishvas lakshat ghenyachya kalpanetoon hii paddhat tayar kelee jaate. hii paddhat lokanna pratyek prashnasathi done goshti vicharteh tyanna kaay yogya uttar vatate aanee tyanna kaay lokpriy mutt vatel. done ektrit pratisadanmadhil farak yogya uttar darshavito.
hatalani aanee purvgrahanche parinam hii dekhil antargat aavhane aahet, jyaa bajaranna samore jaane aavashyak aahe.eae. taralata kinwa mojayache nasalele itar ghatak heey bajaratil sahbhagindware jokhim ghatak mhanoon vicharat ghetale jaatat, jyamule bajarpethechya sambhavyatecha viparyas hoto. andaj bajar dekhil sattebajichya budbudyanchya adheen asoo shakatat. udaharanarth, varsh 2000 madhye, rashtrapatipadachya bhavishyatil bajarpethanmadhye, nivadanukichya divashi kinwa nantar jhalelya 11/7/00 kharedimule "ashuddhata" disate, parantu toparyant, cull spasht hota.
asha bajarpethanmadhye hastakshep karnyache thet prayatna dekhil houu shakatat. 2004 chya adhyakshiy vyapar spardhanchya bajarpethanmadhye pratyakshapane hatalanicha prayatna karnyat aala. eka anamik vyapanyane 2004 chya adhyakshiy bhavishyatil itake qamee bushche karar vikale qee kimmat shunyavar nenyat aalee, jeey busch jinkanyachi shoonya takke shakyata darshavate. asha vyaparacha ekmev tarkshuddha uddesh mhanje "aswal chhapa" navachya dhoranat bajarpeth hatalanyacha prayatna karane. jarr haah janivpurvak kelela hatalanicha prayatna asel tarr too ayashasvi jhaala, kaaran kararachi kimmat tyachya aadhichya staravar vegane parat aalee. andaj bajarakade prasarmadhyamanche adhik laksh dile jaat asalyane, adhik gatanna tyat ferfar karnyasathi prerit kele jaanyachi shakyata aahe. tathapi, vyavharat, hatalaniche asey prayatna nehmich khoop alpakalin asalyache siddha jhaale aahet. hanson, opriya aanee porter (george masson yuu) yanni 'prayogik bajarpethet mahitee ektrikaran aanee hatalani' (2005) yaa shirshakachya tyanchya peparmadhye, bajarat hatalaniche prayatna pratyakshat bajarpethechi achookata kashee vadhavu shakatat heey darshavile aahe kaaran teey hatalananyachya virodhat paij lavnyasathi adhik napha protsahan detat.
vastavik-paishacha andaj bajar kararancha vimyacha eka prakar mhanoon vapar kelyane kararachya kimmativar dekhil parinam houu shakato. udaharanarth, ekhadya netyachi nivad arthvyavasthevar nakaratmak parinam karnari manali gelee tarr, vyapari, nivadoon aalelya netyache sambhag hays mhanoon kharedi karoo shakatat.
brexit aanee 2016 chya americi adhyakshiy nivadanukanchya velee yaa andaj bajaratil truti visheshtah prachalit hotya. guruwari, 23 juuna 2016 roji, united kingdamne european yuniyanmadhun baher padnyasathi matdan kele. matmojani hoiparyant dekhil, andaj bajar european unionmadhye rahnyachya bajoone mothya pramanat jhukale aanee matdanachya parinamancha andaj lavnyat ayashasvi tharale. american association phaur public opinion recerche majee adhyaksh michael trogot yanchya matey, andaj bajaranchya apayashache kaaran janmat aanee janamatane chhayankit kelelya hastakshepachya aanee purvgrahanchya prabhavamule aahe. andaj bajaratil vaparkartyanchya samaan mansiktemule, tyanni eka virodhabhasi vatavaran tayar kele jethe tyanni tyanchya prarambhik vishvasanna (yaa prakaranat, yooke iyumadhye rahnyasathi matdan karel) swa-balkati denyas suruvat kelee. yethe, purvagrah aanee matanchya vividhatecha abhav yacha andaj bajarachya yashavar honara vinashkari parinam aapan pahoo shakato.
tyachpramane, 2016 chya americi rashtradhyakshapadachya nivadnukandarmyan, andaj bajar parinamacha andaj lavnyat ayashasvi tharale, jyamule jagala motha dhakka basala. brexit prakaranapramanech, ekada prarambhik adachani mojalya gelyanantar mahitee vyapari swayam-amalbajavanichya anant chakrat adakale hote, jyamule vyapanyanna "sadhyachya andajatil adchanicha aadhar mhanoon vapar karava lagla" aanee yenanya andajatil adachani purnapane qamee kelya gelya. vyapanyanni bajaratil adthalyanna moolatah yogya sambhavyata mhanoon manale aanee bahereel mahiticha vapar karoon purese adyayavat kele nahee, jyamule andaj bajar sadhyachya paristhitiche achook pratinidhitva karnyasathi khoop sthir aahet. cances vidyapithache vyavasay arthshastrache pradhyapak coleman strumpf asehi suchavatat qee amerikechya nivadnukandarmyan eka purvagrah parinam jhaala; donald trump yanchya vijaysah jhalelya nikalavar jamav vishvas thevanyas tayar navhata aanee tyamule andaj bajar 'pratidhvani kaksh' madhye badalale, jithe teech mahitee prasarit jhaali aanee shevati bajar sthir jhaala.
tathapi, janmat sarvekshananchya nikalanchya tulanet andaj bajar samanyatah 74 takkyanni adhik achook asatat. manasshastratil vaidnyanik sanshodhanachya punarutpadakateche yashasviritya moolyankan karnyasathi dekhil andaj bajarancha vapar keela gela aahe. alikadil yadruchchik prayogatoon asey disun aale qee andaj bajar heey andaj sarvekshananpeksha kinchit (12 takke) qamee achook hote, hii garditoon sambhavyateche nirnay ghenyasathi aanee sankhyikiyadrushtya ektrit karnyasathi eka paryayi paddhat aahe. 
itar mudde.
kayadesheerpana.
sanyukt rajyanmadhye federal kayade aanee anek rajya kayadyandvare online jugar bekaydeshir asalyane, yu. ess. vaparkartyanna lakshya karnari bahutek andaj bajar "vastavik paise" aivaji "play munny" neey chalatatah teey khelanyas mukt asatat (kharedichi aavashyakta nasate) aanee sahasa sarvottam vyapanyanna sahbhagi honyasathi protsahan mhanoon bakshise detat. iova electronic bajarpetha heey lakshaniy apavad aahet, jeey iova vidyapithadvare vastoo bhavishya vyapar aayogakadun noow-action laterchya navakhali chalavale jaatat aanee predict, jeey victoria vidyapith auph wellingtondware ashach noow-action laterchya navakhali chalavale jaate.
vadgrast protsahan.
kahee prakarche andaj bajar vadgrast protsahan nirman karoo shakatat. udaharanarth, jaagtik netyachya mrutyucha andaj lavnara bajar, jyanchya karyacha yaa netyachya dhorananshi drudhpane sambandh aahe tyanchyasathi khoop upayukt tharoo shakato, parantu tyache rupantar hatyechya bajarpethet dekhil houu shakate. 
andajit bajaranchi yadee.
anek vyavsayik aanee shaikshanik andaj bajar sarvajanikaritya karyarat aahet.
prakar.
pratishthevar aadharit.
kahee andaj vartavinanya sanketsthale, kadhikadhi andaj bajar mhanoon vargikrut, vastavik paishavar satta lavnyacha samavesh karat naheet, tarr andaj vartavanyachya achookatechya aadhare andaj vartavananyachya pratishthechya muddyanmadhye bharr ghalatat kinwa vaja karatat. vishisht kinwa dirgh-kalmaryadechya prashnansathi hii protsahan pranali paramparik andaj bajaranpeksha adhik yogya asoo shakate. yamadhye anek bajare, metaculus aanee changla nirnay khula yancha samavesh aahe.
2006 chya abhyasat asey aadhalun aale qee vastavik-paishacha andaj lavnare bajar heey bigger-creeda spardhansathichya khelachya paishacha andaj lavana bajaranpeksha lakshaniyaritya adhik achook hote.
sanyukt andaj bajar.
sanyukt andaj bajar haah andaj bajaracha eka prakar aahe jithe sahbhagi parinamanchya sanyogavar paij lavu shakatat. parinamanchya sanyogavar paij lavnyacha fayda assa aahe qee, siddhantatah, sashart mahitee bajarbhavat adhik changlya prakare samavisht kelee jaau shakate.
sanyukt andaj bajarachi eka adchan mhanje sambhavya sanyukt vyaparanchi sankhya samanya vyaparanchya sankhyes vegane vadhate. udaharanarth, keval 100 dwaiti karar asalelya bajarpethet kararanchi 2 100 sambhavya jodani asel. hii ghatankiyadrushtya mothee deta sanrachana sangankasathi laksh thevanyasathi khoop mothee asoo shakate, mhanoon deta adhik margkramanaksham banavanyasathi algoridam aanee niyam vikasit karnyache prayatna kele gele aahet.