
ethel dench puffer house

ethel dench puffer hoves (10 aktoobar 1872-1950) heey eka american manasshastradnya, matadhikarvadi aanee mahavidhyalayin pradhyapak hote. tine wellesley mahavidhyalay, smith mahavidhyalay aanee simmons mahavidhyalayat adhyapan kele. tyaa rashtriy mahavidhyalay samaan matadhikar sanghatanechya karyakari sachiv hotya aanee smith mahavidhyalayatil mahila hitsambandhanchya samanvayasathichya sansthechya sansthapak hotya.
prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan.
10 aktoobar 1872 roji massatucets framingham yethe george aanee elah puffer yanchya potee, chaar mulinchya kutumbatil sarvat mothe mool mhanoon ethel dench puffer yancha janm jhaala. tichi aaee aanee tichi mavashi doghehi mahavidhyalayat gele hote aanee puffer aanee tichya bahini dekhil mahavidhyalayat jaat asat. charahi puffer bahini smith mahavidhyalayatun padvi prapt karatat aanee doghanni pudhe jaaun doctoratechi padvi midavali. pufferne 1891 madhye vayachya 19 vya varshi smith mahavidhyalayatun padvi purn kelee, tyanantar tine nyu hampshirechya keane yetheel highschoolmadhye shikshan dile, jithe tee tichya bhavee patila bhetali, joou tyaveli vidyarthi hota.
manasshastra.
keenmadhye eka varsh highschoolmadhye shikavalyanantar, ethel puffer ganeet prashikshak mhanoon smith collegemadhye paratala, parantu lavkarach swatahla manasshastrat adhikadhik rus asalyache aadhalale. 1895 madhye, navyane sthapan jhalelya kshetrat shikshan ghenyasathi tine germanycha pravas keela aanee mahilanna padvi abhyaskramat navanondani karnyapasoon rokhanyasathi lavalelya vyavasthapanatil adthalyancha teela tatkal samna karava lagla. tichya aaeela lihilelya patranmadhye berlin vidyapithat tiche sthan sunishchit karnyasathi vaparlelya chikaticha khulasa hoto, jyat varganna upasthit rahanyachi parvanagi magnyasathi aathvadyachya shevati pradhyapak, mantri aanee rector yanchya gharee baithka ghene samavisht hote.
purn parvangishivay tichya varganchya pahilya divashi guptapane upasthit rahnyapurvi jaree tee adhikrutpane swatachi nondani karnyat yashasvi jhaali. tichi kharab jeevan paristhiti, berlinmadhil american mahilanviruddha dandatmak samajik pratikriya aanee ticha abhyasacha dhisal karyakram pafarsathi adhikadhik nirashajanak aanee tanavpurn jhaala, mhanoon jevha eka vargamitrane teela freiberg vidyapithatil hugo munsterberg yanchya margdarshanakhali shikshan ghenyachi shifaras kelee, tevha tine badali karnyachya sandhivar udee marley.
1896-1897 chya shaikshanik varshat tichya aaeela pathavalelya patranchya pafarnusar, tine munsterberg kutumbatil dattak sadasya mhanoon freebergmadhye shaikshanik aanee samajik asha donhi prakare bharbharat kelee. tichi sakal nehmi shrimatichya upasthitit, kautumbik parlormadhye munsterbergsobat tiche sanshodhan karnyat parishrampurvak ghalavali jaat asey. munsterberg, kholichya dusya tokala chitra kadhat hota, kaaran pufferne tichya badnami jhalelya aaikade patkan laksh vedhale. tine kathitpane modkalis aalelya vidyapithachya imaratimadhyehi varg ghetale aanee freeberg abhijat vargachya karkash partyanmadhye tichya suttya ghalavalya. jevha tichya prabandh sanshodhanasathi nidhi puravanyasathi mahavidhyalayin majee vidyarthini sanghatanekadun pratishthit puraskarasathi arj karanyachi sandhee midali, tevha munsterbergney teela tase karnyas protsahit kele aanee tichya utkrusht bauddhik kshamatanchi tulana merrie vitton calicinshee karoon eka chamakdar shifaras lihili, jee tyaa kalatil ekmev pramukh mahila manasshastradnya hotee. pufferne puraskar jinkla aanee yuu. kadey paratala.ess. 1897 madhye tiche shikshan suru thevanyasathi, munsterberg nantar harwardla gela, jithe too william jameskadoon manasshastra prayogshala ghenar hota. pufferne 1898 madhye tiche doctorateche kaam purn kele.
aath harvard pradhyapakanchya chamakdar shifarashi asoonahi, pufferchya shaikshanik utkrushtatechi aanee padvisathiche abhyaskram purn kelyachi pushti karoon, teela kadhihi harvard ph. dii. denyat aalee nahee.dii. doctorateche kaam purn kelyanantar tine 3 varshe vaat pahili aanee shevati radcliffe mahavidhyalayachya adhishthatachya lakshat gheuun patra lihoon mahavidhyalay teela ph. dii. pradan karnyas tayar aahe qaa, ashee vicharana kelee.dii.visheshtah shalet tichi purv nondani vicharat ghetalyas, aanee tyanni teey manya kele. tyanni radcliffe ph dekhil deu kele.dii. merrie vitton calicins, jyanni harvard yethe doctorateche shikshan purn kele hote, asha itar teen mahila manasshastradnyanna, jyanni teela kadhihi radcliffemadhe navanondani kelee gelee nahee yaa karanavarun nakar deela aanee harvard padvi midvanyacha nirnay ghetala, jee kadhihi pradan kelee gelee nahee (aanee aajahi, satat nishedh asoonahi).
vidvattapoorn karkird.
pufferchi manasshastra kshetratil shaikshanik karkird tichya doctorate abhyasanantar eka dashak tikali, jyamadhye tine wellesley, smith aanee simansah mahilansathichya mahavidhyalayanmadhye adhyapan kele. pufferne prayogshaletil sahayyak mhanoonahi samvarti padd bhushavale hote. lakshat ghenyasarkhi gosht mhanje, harwardney asha padavar rahnyasathi ekhadya mahilechi nemanook kelyache manya kele tarr, tyanchyasathi eka 'dhokadayak purvat' nirman hoil yaa bhitine, tyaeivaji teela radcliffe vidyashakhechya soochit samavisht karnyat aale hote.
pufferne 1905 madhye 'daad cycology auph beauty' heey pustak mhanoon tiche doctorate sanshodhan prakashit kele aanee yaa kshetrabaheril samanya lokanparyant manasshastriy sanshodhanasathi prekshakancha vistar karnyachya tichya shikshak hugo munsterberg yanchya paramparet lekh lihile. darmyan, wellesley yethe, tyaa eka shaikshanik abhijat mahilanpaiki hotya, jyanni mahilansathi uchch shikshan haah keval vaiyaktik mahilansathich tyanchya jeevanat paripoorn uddesh shodhanyacha marg nahee tarr samajatil mahilanchya bhoomikancha vistar karnyasathi aanee sansthatmak laingiktavadavar maat karnyasathi dekhil eka marg aahe assa tyancha vishvas vyakt keela. yaa samajik chalvalit tichi sthitee 1908 madhye natakiyaritya badalali jevha tine massatusates institute auph technologymadhe sivil engineeringmadhye nuktech padviche kaam purn kelelya aanee bandhkamat tadnya jhalelya benjamin hovescha vivah prastav swikarla.
vivah viruddha. karkird.
august 1908 madhye benjamin hovsashi lagn kelyanantar, ethyl dench puffer hoves, jee aata teela olakhali jaat hotee, 20 vya shatkachya suruvatila shaikshanik kshetratil mahilansathi aanakhi eka mothya adthalyacha samna karava lagalah vivahit mahilanna nokri deu naye, visheshtah purnavel nahee, assa thampane aayojit kelela karar. tine swechhene veleslimadhil aapale padd sodale qee rajinama denyas sangitale gele heey spasht nasale taree, tine shaikshanik padancha shodh ghene suru thewale, parantu vivahit mahila mhanoon tichya darjamule tee swatahla adthala aanat asalyache aadhalale. udaharanarth, smith mahavidhyalayachya adhyakshanni teela ishara denyasathi lihile qee tichya sakharpudyachya batmimule tyane barnard mahavidhyalayat pradhyapak sadasya honyasathi tichya arjachi shifaras radd kelee.
pudhil kahee varshe, puffer hovsney ghar sambhalanyachi jababdari asaleli gharguti jodidar mhanoon tichya naveen jeevanat tichya shaikshanik upkramanna julavun ghenyasathi sangharsh keela, jyamule tichya patichya karkirdichya pragatisathi aavashyak asalelya varanvar sthalantaramule serve kahee adhik katheen jhaale. benjamin hoves aaplya patnila jevha vidvattapoorn lekh purn karnyasathi vel havah hota tevha swayampak aanee swachchata karoon madat karnyachya tyachya ichchemadhye vilakshan siddha jhaale asale taree, 1915 madhye eka mulgi, elen aanee 1917 madhye eka mulga, benjamin, yaa jodpyala done mule jhaali tevha tichya gharguti jivanachi odh adhik tivra jhaali. tyaa velee puffer hoves tichya chalisachya dashakat hotee aanee mulanche sangopan karoon gharguti aanee samajik kartavye paar padnyachya tichya vel aanee lakshavaril vadhiv magnyanni tichi shaikshanik karkird prabhavipane sampushtat aanali. puffer hovsney tiche laksh samajik sakriyatekade valavale aanee eka pramukh strivadi aayojak mhanoon dusari karkird suru kelee.
strivad.
puffer hovsney tichya mulichya janmachya agadi aadhi 1914 madhye national college ikwal votorise leagueche karyakari sachiv mhanoon swatahla matadhikar chalvalitil nete mhanoon sthan dile hote. pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat, purush yuddhasathi baher asatana, mahila kamgaranchya jaagi shetisathi mahila bhusena sthapan karnyatahi tine madat kelee. 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila, tine 'daad atlantic masik' sathee done lekh lihile, jyat mahila vidvananna lagn kelyavar kinwa mule jhalyavar swatahla kitee ashakya sthitimadhye aadhalale yabaddal lihile. asey kartana, jyaa sanstha patni aanee matanchi nemanook karnar naheet asha sansthanni mahilanvar ladalelya samajik sanrachanebaddal, tasech mulanche sangopan kartana vyavsayik laksh rakhanyasathi matanna purn pathimba naan dilyabaddal tine aaplya mohbhangala aavaj deela. yaa lekhanni tichya urvarit aayushyatil kamasathi eka dhyey nivedan manale jaau shakate teey pradan keleh
avivahit mahila, sankhya maryadit aanee jivanachya samparkat asalelya, vyavsayik visheshadhikar asalelya killyavar teey vahoon nenyasathi puresha pramanat aanee gatee gheu shakat naheet. joparyant serve kshamata asalelya striya, jyaa arthane serve kshamata asalelya purushambaddal mhatale jaau shakate, tyaa krutimadhye naheet, toparyant kahee striya sarvoch staravar pohochatil aanee marg avarodhit rahtil. - ethel puffer hoves, "vishva swikarane"
mahila chalvalitil pragaticha arth" yaa pustakat puffer hovsney assa prastav mandala qee mahilanna paripoorn aanee utpadanaksham jeevan jaganyasathi sadhane puravanyasathi matadhikar puresa gela nahee aanee naveen samajik vyavasthepeksha qamee kahihi honar nahee. tyanantar lagechach, tine lekh lihile aanee gharguti kamanche oze samayik karnyasathi aanee mulanche sangopan karnyasathi vikasit kelya jaananya sahkari samudayik dhorananvar 'mahilanchya gharguti sathidaradvare' mahitee gola kelee. aamchya shaharatil sahkari gruhsevesathi sarvat vyavharik yojana" yasarkhya spardha chalavatana, puffer hoves sahkari upayayojananchya parinamkaraktecha abhyas karoo shakala aanee tyach velee niyatkalikachya grahakanmadhye yaa kalpanela protsahan dile, agadi gruhini puffer hoves yanna aasha hotee qee mahavidhyalayin aanee padvidhar shalanmadhye uchch shikshan midvu ichchinanya mahilanchya sadhyachya samoohachya sahkaryane "vyavsayik visheshadhikarancha killa aakarla jaeel". mahilanchya fayadhyasathi sahkarya seva aayojit karnyasathi hii aataparyantchi sarvat yashasvi moheem hotee. 1923 madhye puffer hoves american association auph university vimensathi sahkari gruh sevevareel samitiche adhyaksh jhaale.
heey abhyas, lekh aanee sanghatanatmak padey, mahilanchya hitsambandhanchya samanvayasathi smith college sansthecha paya banale, jee 1925 teey 1931 paryant vikasit jhaali aanee chalali, jyane tine laura spellman rockfeller smarkatoon midavalelya anudanasah. mahilanchya hitsambandhanchya samanvayasathichya sansthechya madhyamatoon, puffer hovsney vividh kshetratil tadnyanchi eka vicharvant mandali tayar kelee, jyanchya karyat mahilanna vyavsayik upkram aanee samadhankarak karkirdapasun door thevana samajik sanrachananvar mothya pramanat prabhav takanyachi kshamata hotee. yaa tadnyanmadhye vastukala, itihas aanee gruh arthshastratil avval sanshodhak, tasech karkird margadarshan, balsangopan aanee balwadi aanee nursory shaletil tadnyancha samavesh hota. 1928 madhye, sansthene eka sahkari swayampakghar aayojit kele, jeey samajatil lokanna jevan puravat hote aanee jeey eka vyavharya samudayik gharache mothe pradarshan banale jeey pradarshanasathi newyorkla pathvanyat aale hote.
smith college day aanee nursory school cooperative, eka sahkari balsangopan pratyakshik model samanvay sadhanyasathi dekhil yaa sansthecha vapar keela gela.
sansthechya kalat puffer hoves tichya pannaschya dashakat hotee aanee tichya katheen vyakhyan dauyansathi aanee sanghatanatmak kamasathi teela darr aathvadyala gharapasoon lambcha pravas karava lagat asey. teela swatah kaljipurvak niyojanadvare tichya aavadi samanvay sadhavya lagalyah matrutvacha samtol, gharguti jababdanya aanee tichi karkird.
tichya sarvottam prayatnannantarhi, rockfeller foundation tyachya anudanache nutanikaran naan karnyacha nirnay ghetala tevha sanstha tappyatappyane astitvat aalee, kaaran sansthene vyavharik anuprayog vikasit karnyavar jaast laksh kendrit kele aanee sanshodhanavar purese laksh kendrit kele nahee. smith college dekhil sansthechya sanshodhanacha aanee karyakramancha abhyaskramat samavesh karnyat ayashasvi tharale, kaaran tyachya kamachya vadgrast swarupamule, jyala anek pradhyapak sadasyanni pathimba deela nahee, parantu tarihi mahavidhyalayane gelya done varshanpasun tiche sanshodhan purn karnyacha prayatna karnyasathi nidhi puravala. mothya pramanavar, headonne thampane sangitale qee, yuddh prayatnanchya samarthanarth tayar jhalelya navyane urjavan jhalelya utpadan kshetrachya atrupt lobhane, american gruhini aanee mahila vyavsayikanmadhye puffer hovsney sthapan aanee protsahit karnyas suruvat keleli sahkari pranali nasht karnyat sarvat mothee bhoomika bajavali. mahilacha gharguti sahkari swatah sahkari chalvaliviruddha jhaala kaaran tichya jahiratdaranni gharguti mahilanchya gharguti magnyanvar todga mhanoon vaiyaktik gharguti upkarane pudhe dhakalali. dusya tappyat", friedenne pahilya mahayuddhanantarchya laal bhitishi mahilanchya hitachya samanvayasathi smith college institutechya apayashacha sambandh jodala aahe, jyamadhye kamgar sanghatana, sahkari sanstha aanee sarvasadharanpane strivadi yanna eka asthir bhandavalshahi lashkari-audhyogik sankulane sanshayit tharavale hote.
gelee varshe.
sanstha visarjit jhalyanantar, hoves washington yethe halale, dii.see. 1930 chya dashakat, jethe benjamin hoves yanchya nagri abhiyantrikitil kaushalyane tyanna federal gruhnirman samityanmadhye (yuu. ess. chey pramukh mhanoon niyuktisah) niyukti midali.ess. gruhnirman pradhikaran aanee sarvajanik gruhnirman prashasana). darmyan, ethel puffer hovsney nagrik upkramanvar washingtonmadhye aapala vel ghalavala. 1940 chya dashakat heey jodape tyancha mulga benjamin hoves yachyabarobar rahnyasathi kanektikatala gele aanee 1950 madhye vayachya 78 vya varshi ethel puffer hoves yanche nidhan jhaale. 18 mahinyanantar tichya patiche nidhan jhaale.