teen bhau (ratna)

teen bhau (teen bhau mhanoonahi olakhale jaatat); germanh "drei brudder"; frencha "leesa trius frairs") haah 14 vya shatkachya uttaradhat tayar kelela eka daginyacha tukada hota, jyamadhye madhyavarti madhyavarti bhovati teen aayatakruti laal spinalchi mandani hotee. haah ratna anek mahattvachya aitihasik vyaktinchya malakiche asalyamule olakhala jaato. duke johnn daad nidder bargandine heey kaam sopavalyanantar, german banker jacob fugerchya tabyat jaanyapurvi, jawaljawal 100 varshe heey dagine bergandian mukut ratnancha bhag hote.
akheris yaa bhavanna edward sahava yala vikanyat aale aanee 1551 teey 1643 yaa kalat teey englandchya mukut ratnancha bhag banale. ranee elizabeth pahili aanee raja james sahava aanee pahila yanni teey thalakpane paridhan kele hote. 1640 chya dashakachya suruvatila charles pahila yachee patni henrietta mariane ingraji gruhyuddhasathi nidhi gola karnyasathi heey ratna vikanyacha prayatna keela, parantu tee yashasvi jhaali qee nahee heey spasht nahee. 1645 nantar tyacha thavthikana adnyat aahe.
varnan.
250 varshanhun adhik kaal heey tinhi bhau moolatah aparivartit rahile. 1623 madhye kiman ekada taree heey ratna punha tayar kele gele asey dnyat aahe, parantu vividh varnane soochit karatat qee tyache mool swaroop aanee rachana tyachya sampoorn aayushyakalat kayam thevanyat aalee hotee. mulat khandyachya pattya kinwa latkan mhanoon banavalelya yaa pattyamadhye, pratyeki 70 caretchya teen aayatakruti laal mankyancha (tevha balas manik mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya) trikoni rachnet samavesh hota, jeey pratyeki 10-12 caretchya teen goal sushobhit motyanni vegale kele hote, tarr aanakhi eka 18-20 caretche motee sarvat khalchya mankyapasoon latkavale gele hote. latkanachya madhyabhagi eka khol nila hira hota jyache vajan sumare 30 carrett hote, joou pyramid, aktahedran kinwa niyamit trisoctedronchya aakaracha hota. 1400 purvi purvi kapaniche farse purave naslyamule, bahudha jewellerne tyache naisargik swaroop (mool chalanavar 'kwar' mhanoon varnan kelele) fakt chauras kele asave. tyachya mool swarupat, yaa ratnacha aakar 8.7 buy 6.9 centimeter (3.4 buy 2.7 inch) hota.
jevha bandhu 1419 madhye duke philipachya burgandichya vastoochya yadimadhye pahilyanda disale tevha tyaa ratnache varnan asey kele geleh
1587 madhye elizabethchya darbari merrie radclifla denyat aalelya daginyanmadhye yaa teen bhavanchi yadee karnyat aalee aanee tyanche varnan asey kele geleh
prarambhik itihas.
1380 chya dashakachya uttaradhat duke johnn daad nidder yanni haah ratna banavanyache kaam suru kele hote aanee too bargandichya gharatil sarvat maulyavan khajinyanpaiki eka hota. too parisachya suvarnakar herman ruiselane 1389 madhye tayar keela hota; 11 octoberchya notadvare aanee 24 novemberchya pavatidvare yaa ratnanchi vikri nondavali jaate, jee donhi desonmadhil coat-dii 'aur vibhagiy sangrahanmadhye thewali aahet. 1390 chya dashakat teey midalyanantar, duke johnne 1412 madhye ratna girvi thewale, parantu 1419 chya aadhi kadhitari tyachi sutka kelee. jevha 1419 madhye french sinhasanavaril armagnac-bergandian yadavi yuddhatil eka pramukh vyakti dukechi, french daphin (bhavee raja charles VII) sobatchya charchedarmyan hatya karnyat aalee, tevha bhavanna tyacha mulga phillip daad good yachyakade sopavanyat aale.
philipachya karkirdit heey ratna bargandit rahile aanee 1467 madhye tyachya mrutyunantar tyacha mulga charles daad bolled yala varsa midala. charlesne tyachya kalatil sarvat shaktishali sainyatil eka sainyache netrutva kele aanee alekzandar daad gretche galiche, santanchi hadey, sancy hira aanee teen bhavansah tavij mhanoon amoolya kalakrutinchya eka shrenisah yuddhat pravas keela. bergandian yuddhandarmyan junya swis mahasanghashi jhalelya sangharshat, march 1476 madhye charlescha vinashkari parabhav jhaala, jevha tyachya natvachya ladhait sankshipt gavabaher tyachyavar hallah jhaala. ghaighaine paloon jaanyas bhag padale gelyane charlesne tyachya mage tofkhana aanee eka prachand luut sodali, jyat tyache chandiche snan, ducal shikka aanee bandhuncha samavesh hota, jeey serve sangharajya sainyane tyachya tambumadhun lutale hote. heey latkan besal shaharachya kaaran vikale gele, jyanni eka venesian tadnyane yaa tukadyache moolyankan kele hote. shevati vikrisathi madat karnyasathi shaharane 1:1 chya pramanat jalarangi laghuchitrakam dekhil suru kele, jeey bhavanchi sarvat junie drushya nond pradan karate (2022 paryant talagalatil aitihasik sangrahalayat). pudhil varshanmadhye dagine najaretoon gayab jhaale, kaaran kaaran bheeti hotee qee duchy auph bargandiche varasdar asalele habsbergche ghar charleskadoon chorila gelyache tyanna vatat asalelya vastoo parat midvel. akheris 1502 madhye heey dagine bajarat aanale gele, done dandadhikari shaharasathi pendha purush mhanoon kaam karat hote jenekarun vajvi nakarahata sunishchit hoil.
1504 madhye, eka varshachya vataghatinantar, besal teen bhavanna augusberg banker jacob fugerla vikanyat yashasvi jhaala. vyaparane vyapari asalela, kapad aanee dhatuncha vyavhar karoon aanee habsberg rajvanshala karj deuun, bhagauda itihasatil sarvat shrimant vyaktinpaiki eka banala hota. besalchya vikrimadhye charleschya sathyatil bhau aanee itar teen daginyancha samavesh hota-'federlyn' (lahan pankh), 'gurtellin' (lahan garter) aanee pandhara gulab-ekoon 40,200 florinchya kimmatila, jee tyaa velee eka varshasathi 3,300 samanya majuranna paise denyasathi pureshi hotee. haah eka lakshaniy kharch asala taree, gelya kahee varshant fararine asey anek vyavhar kele aanee 1525 madhye tyachya mrutyuchya velee 20 lakhanhun adhik gildersparyant pohochalelya tyachya ekoon malmattechya tulanet kimmat ghasarali. farari, dagine aanee maulyavan dagad heey atyant burshijanya bhandavali rakheev hote aanee yogya grahakala nafyat vikanyasathichi guntavanuk hotee. kharey tarr, bhagvine jevha bhavanna vikat ghetale tevha kharedidar mhanoon samrat maximilian pahila yachya manat aadhich hota, parantu samratane bhagvichya atibhavanechi magani talhali aanee serve kahee deu kele, parantu latkan nahee.
heey dagine anek dashake charsinsobat rahile. 1555 madhye jevha johann jacob fugurene habsberg gharacha itihas lihila, tevha tyaa teen bhavanche varnan ajunahi 'serve khristi dharmajagatala dnyat asalela khajina' mhanoon kele gele hote, joou fugerchya malkicha hota. tathapi, jacob fuguercha putanya anton fuguer, joou aata kautumbik vyavasay chalvat hota, tyane 1540 chya dashkaparyant kutumbachya malmattecha kahee bhag nasht karnyacha nirnay ghetala hota. tyane pratham raja ferdinand pahila aanee samrat charles pachvya yanna bhavanna ayashasvi prastav deela, tarr automan sultan suleiman daad gransivechi boolii nakarnyat aalee kaaran antonla heey ratna bigger-khrishchananchya hatat padave asey vatat navhate.
jevha khandiy khrishchan rajanna dagine vikat ghenyachi khatri patali nahee, tevha farari raja heinry VIII kadey valale, jyala 1521 madhye 'shraddhecha rakshak' hii padvi denyat aalee hotee. punarujjivan samrat mhanoon, heinry bhavyatene jaganyachi apeksha hotee aanee parinami rajala daginyanchi aavad hotih 1529 teey 1532 darmyan, heinryne daginyanvar jawaljawal 11,000 pound (sumare dashalaksh poundchya samatulya) kharch kele. 1544 salapasoon, antwerpmadheel fuguer karyalayakadun aalelya patrat, henriela vikalya olakhalya daginyansah eka eka nighane apekshit asalyache namood kele hote. tathapi, 1547 madhye heinrycha mrutyu hoiparyant vataghati pudhe dhakalalya gelya aanee keval meey 1551 madhye tyacha uttaradhikari, 14 varshiy edward vhee. yachya netrutvakhali tyaa purn jhalya. rajane aaplya dindarshiket lihile qee, rajvatine rajvatine bankevar 60,000 paund (sumare dashalaksh paundanchya samatulya) karj asalyamule tyala 100,000 mukutanchya sansthanankadun (anton fuguer) ratna kharedi karnyas bhag padale gele. haah vyavhar englandchya heinry VIII chya yaditil adyayavat swarupat nondavala gela hota, jyanantar heey bhau englandchya mukut ratnancha bhag banale.
ingraji mukut ratna mhanoon.
edwardne 7 juuna 1551 roji tyachya swami uchch khajindar william pollet yanchyakade surakshit thevanyasathi latkan sodale, jithe teey pudhil varshe rahile. sahaa varshanchya rajvatinantar edwardcha mrutyu jhaala tevha julai 1553 madhye ranee mhanoon padgrahan jhalyavar tyachi savatra baheen merila yaa bhavancha varsa midala. 20 september 1553 roji merila denyat aalelya vastoonchya yadeet yaa ratnache varnan kele aahe, "teen mothya gale, eka motha tokdar hira aanee chaar mothe motee, jyat eka khalee latakalela aahe, asha flandermadhil fagarmadhun kharedi kelela eka motha latakata dagine, jyache varnan asey aahe qee johnn daad nirbhikne 150 varshanpurvi teey kaam suru kele hote tevhapasoon tyat kahee badal jhaale asateel tarr teey farach qamee disale hote". mereechya rajyabhishekachya velee, johann jacob fuguercha natoo german itihaskar pieter lambeckne tyachya ashebaddal lihile qee spainchya phillip dusrashi tichya vivahamule teen bhau punha habsbergchya tabyat aanee khandat yeteel, parantu heey ghadale nahee. keval paach varshanchya rajvatinantar 1558 madhye mereecha mrutyu jhaala.
ticha uttaradhikari elizabeth pahilichya karkirdit haah ratna punha disu lagale. tiche vadil heinry VIII sarkhech elizabethla sampattiche aadambarpurn pradarshan kevha aanee kase vaparave heey maheet hote aanee asamanya trikoni vyavsthesah laal aanee sushobhit rangacha aakarshak dagine spashtapane aavadale. ranine tee tichya mukutatil daginyancha bhag mhanoon anek prasangi paridhan kelee hotee aanee tichya kiman done chhayachitranmadhye tee thalakpane darshavili gelee aahe. pratham, 'ermine potret' madhye (see. 1585, aaj hatfield hausmadhye) heey william segger kinwa george gauver yanna shrey dile jaate, jyamadhye bhau eka mothya, motyanni bharalelya carcanet kinwa harapasoon latakalele disatat, jeey kalya poshakhachya viruddha natakiyapane saramisal karatat. aanee dusare, qamee dnyat asalelya 'englandchya elizabeth pahilya hichyakade olivechi eka shakha aahe' (see. 1587) eka adnyat chitrakarane, moolatah navaris mutsaddi francois dii sivil yanna dilele, jethe bhavyapane sushobhit sushobhit poshakhachya viruddha paridhan kelela daginyancha ekmev mahattvapoorn tukada mhanoon latkan abhimanane sthan ghete. elizabethche nidhan 1603 madhye 45 varshanchya rajvatichya shevati jhaale, toparyant ratna tichya vyaktimatvashi itake jodalele hote qee 1606 madhye westminster mathat jevha tiche sangamarvari smarak ubharanyat aale, tevha bhavanchi pratikruti tichya thadgyachya putalyacha bhag banavanyat aalee; 1975 madhye ghatak purnapane punarsanchayit karnyat aala.
elizabethchya mrutyunantar, ratna tichya uttaradhikari james pahila yachyakade gele, jyane tyachya rajyabhishekaparyant james sahava mhanoon scotlandver rajya kele hote. 1606 madhye yaa teen bhavanna rajachya malmattechya yadimadhye tyaa daginyanmadhye soochibaddha karnyat aale hote, jyanna 'mukutapasoon kadhihi vegale karata yenar nahee'. latkan jameschi aavadati hotee, jyanni tyala topichya ratnat punha rupantarit kele. 1605 chya sumaras darbari chitrakar johnn dii critz yanni tayar kelelya jameschya chitrat, rajane kalya topivar motyanni bharalelya pattyasah teey paridhan kele hote, tevha teey bhav khoop tapshilvar dakhavtat. tyane gret brittonchya aarshasarkhya itar mukut ratne ashach paddhatine paridhan kelee hotee.
jameschya rajvatichya akheris, ratna punha tayar karnyat aale, bahudha tyachya nirmitinantar prathamach. 1623 madhye, jamescha mulga aanee uttaradhikari charlesla spanish match mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya rajnaitik davpechat tyachya aanee spainchya infanta maria annah yanchyatil lagnachya vataghatisathi spenla gupt mohimevar pathvanyat aale. spainchya phillip tisra yala prabhavit karnyachya aanee tyachya mulicha haat lagnasathi denyasathi tyala patvoon denyachya prayatnat yaa pravasat bhavya dagine aanayache hote. mukut dagine vyapari george herriotne nivadalelya daginyanchya tukadyanchi ferrerchna karnyasathi chaar divas aanee ratra mehnat ghetali, 17 march roji dilelya ahavalat tyane 'mahan tokdar hira' ghetala asalyache mhatale aahe...] bandhu navachya daginyanmadhun, jyala too kadhihi sathavalela sarvat paripoorn dagad mhanava asey aadesh deto aanee jyache tyache swatache moolya 7,000 paund (sumare dashalaksh paundanchya samatulya) hote. jamesney tyach divashi charlesla lihile qee too tumhala pathvel, kaaran tumhi teen bhavanna paridhan kele aahet jyanna tumhi changle olakhata, pann neuli sette.
nantarcha itihas aanee nuksan.
jevha spanish samna pratyakshat yeu shakala nahee aanee march 1625 madhye jamescha mrutyu jhaala, tevha navyane mukut ghatalelya charles pahila yane tyaeivaji french rajkumari henrietta mariashi lagn kele. november 1625 madhye darbaratil laurd konave aanee andemian porter yanchya tabyat heey dagine denyat aale. charleschya karkirdit englandchya sansadeshi satat bhandane hott hotee; 'rajancha daivi adhikar' haah vadacha eka kanaa hota, jyamule tyala mukutatil dagine hii aapali vaiyaktik malmatta manavi lagali. charles aarthik samasyanni trast hota aanee 1626 madhye aadhich netherlandsmadhye bandhunna girvi thewale hote, keval 1639 madhye tyanchi sutka kelee hotee. jevha 1640 chya madhyat rajeshahi diwalkhorit gelee, tevha charlesne henrietala mukutatil dagine vikanyasathi khandat pathavale. ranee 11 march 1642 roji sansadechya nishedhanantarhi, tine tichya "khajinyasah, dagine, thalee aanee tayar paishasah" ghetala hota, joou "rajyala garib banvinyachya" aanee brittenmadhye ashantata nirman karnyasathi vaparla jaanyachi shakyata hotee. tathapi, henrietala aadhalale qee sambhavya kharedidar teen bhavansarkhya mahattvachya vastoonna sparsh karnyas sankoch karat hote, tichya patila lihitatah "paise tayar naheet, kaaran tumchya daginyanvar teey kahihi udhar denar naheet. mallah majhya serve lahan mulanna vachan denyas bhag padale jaate. junparyant surr walter erley yanni sansadet sangitale qee bhau ajunahi vikale gelele naheet.
1643 madhye henrietachya pravasachya shevati yaa ratnacha magcha bhag nahisa houu lagla. netherlandsmadhye tine latkan vikale kinwa girvi thewale yachee konatihi nond nahee aanee bhau tichyasobat englandla paratalyachi shakyata aahe. charles aanee sansad yanchyatil pahilya ingraji yadavi yuddhat desh utaratach, 1644 madhye henrietta parisla paloon gelee, jithe tine lagech punha nidhi gola karnyacha prayatna keela. punha ekada sthanik bajarpethet farsa rus disun aala nahee, parantu 1645 chya suruvatila, teela eka adnyat dagine 104,000 gilderchya tulanene qamee kimmatila vikanyat yash aale. yaa tukadyache varnan 'pyramidal hira, 3 balas manik, 30 caretcha table cutt hira aanee done tokdar hire jodanare 4 motee' asey kele gele hote, jeey lahan hire jodoon badalale gele asate tarr teen bhavanchya mool varnanashi jawalun julate. tathapi, hii teech vastoo hotee yacha konatahi nishchit purava nahee. henrietachya sachiwala lihilelya samkalin patrat done hegg jewellers aanee ratnanche vikrete, thomas cletcher aanee sambhavya madhyasth kinwa adnyat ratnache kharedidar mhanoon olakhale jaatat. cletcher, joou nantar fredrick heinry, prince auph aurenjsathi darbari dagine bananar hota, too aadhich 1625 madhye gret brittonchya aarshachya girvi thevanyamadhye guntalela hota aanee mhanoon charles aanee henrietta yanna parichit jhaala asata.
1645 nantar yaa bhavanche bhavitavya adnyat aahe. heey ratna todanyat aale hote kinwa prasiddha dagine gola gola french mukhyamantri cardinal mazarine yanni vikat ghetale hote, jyanche henrietta maria khoop runee hotee, asey suchavale gele aahe. yaa prakriyet teen bahini navacha eka ratna tayar karoon, lataknamadhye badal karnyat aalyachehi anuman lavale jaat aahe. 1645 madhye henrietachya vikrichya sumaras yaa bahininna rajkumar fredrick henriela deu karnyat aale hote. tathapi, naav denyatil yogayogane samaik asanyavyatirikt, bhau bahini banale asey soochit karnyasathi konatahi thos purava nahee. tevhapasoon ratna disalyachi pushti jhaleli nahee.
sahityat.
tobias hilane 2001 madhye 'daad love auph stones' hii kadambari prakashit kelee, jyat teen bhavanchya samparkat samparkat anek vastavik aanee kalpanik vyaktinchya jivanacha aalekh aahe.

