
jaine qalaa

jaine qalaa mhanje jaine dharmashi sambandhit dharmik kalakruti. jaine dharmacha prasar keval bharatachya kahee bhagant jhaala asala taree, bharatiy qalaa aanee sthapatyakalet tyache mahattvapoorn yogdan aahe.
sarvasadharanpane jaine qalaa bharatiy bauddha aanee hindu kalechya samkalin shailiche vyapakpane anusaran karate, jaree pratimashastra aanee mandiranchya imaratinchi karyatmak mandani, vishisht jaine garja pratibimbit karate. bahutek jaine qalaa nirman karnare kalakar aanee karagir kadachit swatah jaine navhate, tarr serve dharmanchya aashrayane chalana sthanik karyashalanmadhun hote. sachitra hastalikhitanchya babatit asey jhaale nasel, jithe sarvat june bharatiy jiwant jaine aahet.
jaine pramukhyane 'tirthankar' kinwa itar mahattvachya lokanche, kadhikadhi khoop mothya pramanavar, basalelya kinwa ubhya asalelya dhyandharana sthiteet chitran karatat. "tirthankar" chey rakshan karnare sevak aatma, "yaksh" aanee "yakshini", sahasa tyanchyasobat dakhavale jaatat.
tirthankaranchi pratima.
tirthankar kinwa jiin ektar kamalachya sthiteet (padmasana) basalele kinwa dhyandhoranachya khadgasana (kayotsarg) sthiteet ubhe asalele darshavile jaate. heey nantarche, jeey laksh vedhoon ghenanya sainyapramanech aahe, heey dirghkal dharane katheen aahe aanee jainankade aakarshan aahe qee teey pruthvichya samparkat asalelya sharirache kiman praman qamee karate aanee tyamule tyat kinwa tyavar rahana sanvedanshil pranyanna dhoka nirman hoto. jarr teey basale asateel tarr sahasa tyanche paay samore olandun, eka payachi bote dusyachya gudghyachya jawal thevun aanee ujava haat davya bajula mandivar thevun basalele darshavile jaate.
tirthankaranchya pratimanmadhye chehnyachi vishisht vaishishtye, kapade kinwa (bahutek) kesanchya shaili nasatat aanee parshvanath vagalata pratyek tirthankaranche prateek kinwa chinh ('lanchan') yanchya aadhare tyanchyat farak keela jaato. parshvanathachya putalyanchya dokyavar sapacha mukut aahe. pahilya tirthankar hrishbhala tyachya khandyavar padananya kesanchya kulupanni olakhale jaau shakate. kadhikadhi suparshvanathala lahan saap-aakrutisah dakhavale jaate. chinhe murtichya madhyabhagi kinwa pithanchya kopyat chinhankit kelee jaatat. jaine dharmachya digambar aanee shwetambar panthanmadhye murtinchi vegvegali chitre aahet. digambar pratima konatyahi alankaravina nagna asatat, tarr shwetambar pratima paridhan kelya jaau shakatat aanee poojet tatpuratya alankaranni sajavalya jaau shakatat. pratima anekada chhativar srivatsa aanee kapalavar tilkane chinhankit kelya jaatat. srivatsa heey ashtamangal (shubh chinh) paiki eka aahe. heey kahise fluor-dii-liss, antaheen gaath, phool kinwa hinyachya aakarache prateek asey disu shakate.
tirthankaranchya putalyanche mrutdeh 2,000 varshanhun adhik aitihasik nondinmadhye apavadatmakapane susangat aahet. shareer agadi saumya asate, khoop rund khande aanee arund kambar asate. bharatiy shilpakalet nehmipeksha jaast, yaa chitranat antarnihit snayu aanee hadanche achook chitran karnyat tulanene qamee rus aahe, parantu bahya prushthbhagachya rund soojechya swarupachya pratirupanamadhye swarasya aahe. qaan atyant lamb aahet, jeey tyanchya suruvatichya aayushyat, jevha bahutek lock shahee nasale taree shrimant hote, tevha dnyanprapticha marg swikaranyapurvi yaa aakrutyanni paridhan kelelya judd kanatale soochit karatat.
chaar tirthankar kinwa tyanchi doki chaar dishanni tond karoon asaleli shilpe, suruvatichya shilpakalet asamanya naheet, parantu tulanatmak hindu pratimanchya ulat, yaa ekach devachya chaar pailunche navhe tarr chaar vegvegalya tirthankaranche pratinidhitva karatat. tirthankaranchya pratimanmadhye anek atirikt haat talhale jaatat, jaree tyanche sevak kinwa palak tyanchyakade asoo shakatat.
vastukala.
bauddhanpramanech jainannihi agadi suruvatipasunach bharatiy khadak-khodkamat bhag ghetala. pracheen "jaine" mandire aanee mathanchya mandiranche avashesh bharatbhar aadhaltat aanee yateel agadi suruvatiche jaine shilp heey koreev kaam aahe. maharashtratil elora lenee aanee rajasthanmadhil mount abujavalil dilwada yetheel jaine mandire. rajasthanmadhil chitor yetheel jaine manore heey jaine vastukaleche eka changle udaharan aahe.
aadhunik aanee madhyayugeen jainanni visheshtah paschim bharatat anek jaine mandire bandhali. visheshtah rajasthanmadhil mount aaboo yetheel 11vya teey 13vya shatkatil paach dilwada mandiranche sankul heey eka atishay bhet dilele aakarshan aahe. gujaratmadhil patilana jawalil shatrunjay tekdyanmadhil jaine tirthkshetrala 'mandiranche shahar' mhanatat. hii donhi sankule solanki kinwa maroo-gurjar vastukalechi shaili vapartat, jee paschim bharatat 10 vya shatkat hindu aanee jaine donhi mandiranmadhye vikasit jhaali, parantu jaine aashraydatyanmadhye visheshtah lokpriy jhaali, jyanni tee vaparat thewali aanee tee bharatachya itar kahee bhaganmadhye pasarali. aata jagbharat jaine mandiranmadhye tyacha vapar suru aahe aanee alikadech hindu mandiranchi lokpriyata punha vadhali aahe.
jaine mandir kinwa derasar heey jaine dharmache anuyayi asalelya jainansathi upasaneche thikan aahe. jaine vastukala moolatah mandire aanee mathanpurati maryadit aahe aanee dharmnirpeksh jaine imarati samanyatah tyaa bandhalya gelelya thikan aanee velechi prachalit shaili pratibimbit karatat. derasar haah gujarat aanee dakshin rajasthanmadhil jaine mandirasathi vaparla jaanara shabd aahe. basadi heey karnatakatil jaine mandir kinwa mandir aahe. haah shabd samanyatah dakshin bharatat vaparla jaato. uttar bharatatil tyacha aitihasik vapar aboo parvatachya vimala vashahi aanee luna vashahi mandiranchya navanni jatan keela aahe. sanskrut shabd 'vasati' aahe, yacha arth mandirala jodalelya vidvananchya nivassthanansah eka sanstha aahe.
mandire shikar-bandhi jaine mandire, sarvajanik samarpit mandir imarati, samanyatah unch varchya sanrachanesah, samanyatah mandirachya varr uttar bharatiy shikhar manore) aanee ghar jaine mandir, eka khajgi jaine gharache mandir ashee vibhagali jaau shakatat. tirthkshetra mhanoon olakhale jaanare jaine mandirala anekada teerth mhatale jaate.
jaine mandirachi mukhya pratima 'mool nayak' mhanoon olakhali jaate aanee manastambh (sanmanacha stambh) haah eka stambh aahe joou anekada jaine mandiransamor bandhala jaato. tyala chaar 'moortis' i aahet.eae. tyaa mandirachya mukhya devachya dagadi moorti. pratyek dishene tond karoonah uttar, purv, dakshin aanee paschim.
itihas.
jaine devatanchi sarvat junie chitre (ii. sha. puu. 3raa-2raa shatak).
ii. sha. puu. 3yyaa-2yyaa shatkat, dagadi shilpakalecha sweekar kartana, jaine devatanche pratinidhitva karnyasathi chikanmati kinwa lakadacha vapar karanyachi eka junie parampara hotee, jee tyanchya antarnihit najukpanamule tikoon rahili nahee.
sindhu khoyatil sanskratitil vividh shikkyanvaril aakruti nagna aanee dhyandharana karananya 'jainachya' pratimanshi samya dakhavtat. lohanpurche dhad hii sarvat junie dnyat 'jaina' pratima aahe (nagnata aanee mudremule jaine asalyache manale jaate) aanee aata tee patana sangrahalayat aahe. jarr ii. sha. puu. 3yyaa shatkatil kalatil asel tarr manvi dagadavaril sarvat junya bharatiy smarak shilpanpaiki heey eka aahe; teey ii. sha. puu. 2yyaa shatkatil asoo shakate. 23vya "tirthankar", parshvachya kansya pratima mumbaitil prince auph wells sangrahalayat aanee patana sangrahalayat pahata yetat; yaa isavi sunpoorv 2yyaa shatkatil aahet.
prarambhik udaygiri aanee khandgiri lenee yaa, mahamahavahan rajvanshacha raja kharvel yane utkhananat kadhalelya, ii. sha. puu. 2yyaa shatkat bandhalelya, bareek aanee alankrut koreev kelelya anek lenee aahet.
prarambhik koreev kaam (ii. sha. puu. 1laa shatak).
chithral jaine smarke heey ii. sha. puu. pahilya shatkatil bharatachya dakshin bhagatil sarvat june jaine smarak aahe. jaine stupachi pooja karnari centaurs asaleli koreev kankali tilla vastu, sumare ii. sha. puu. 100 chee mathura qalaa aahe, jee helenwadi prabhav darshavate.
chausa sathyacha ganga khonyat sapadalela pahila dnyat kansya sathyacha samavesh aahe aanee tyat 18 jaine kansyancha sanch aahe. bharatat aadhalanaya asha kansyanpaiki sarvat june, tadnya tyanche shrey shung aanee gupt kalatil (ii. sha. puu. 2yyaa kinwa bahudha ii. sha. puu. 1lya shatkapasoon ii. sha. 6vya shatkaparyant) asey detat.
kushananchya netrutvakhalil jaine qalaa (ii. sha. 2raa-3raa shatak).
kushan rajanchya navatil vividh samarpan, jase qee vasudev pahila, khajurasah, mathuramadhye sapadalelya jaine murtichya tukadyanvar disatat.
guptanchya adhipatyakhali mathuramadhye jaine qalaa.
5vya shatkat gupt samrajyachya karkirdit putney mandir bandhanyat aale hote. paramparenusar, tyanchya aayushyat mahavirache chandanache shilp korale gele hote. nantar lakadachya pratima banavanyachi pratha sodoon denyat aalee, itar sahitya badalanyat aale. yaa kalat kansya shilp prasiddha hote. akota kansya heey ii. sha. 5vya aanee 12vya shatkatil 68 jaine pratimancha eka durmil aanee mahattvacha sanch darshavtat, jeey bharatachya gujarat rajyatil badodyalagat akotachya parisarat sapadale hote. sathyat done jivantaswamy pratima (mahavirache pratinidhitva jeey ajunahi rajkumar hote) aahet, jyacha ullekh pashchatya bharatiy kalashastrachya suruvatichya kalatil udaharane aahet. vasantgadcha saath haah 240 kansya murticha sanch aahe, jyaa madhyayugeen teey madhyayugeen kalatil aahet. harsh aanee valbhichya maitrakachya karkirditil shailinsarkhya adhik shailincha tyanchyavar prabhav asalyache murtindware soochit kele jaate. yaa sathyachya moorti shwetambar pratimashastrat tirthankar, shashandevtanchya (yaksh aanee yakshi) aanee jaine devatanchya pratima darshavtat. heey dolhe aanee dagine anekada chandi aanee sonyane koralele asatat.
5vya-9vya shatkatil jaine qalaa.
5 vya shatkat pashchatya ganga rajvanshachya karkirdit aacharya pujyapadanni kanakgiri jaine teerth sthapan kele. yaa mandirala hoysal, vijaynagar, mysurcha maharaja aanee wadiyar rajgharanyacha aashray midala. badami guhanchi mandire aanee bandhaleli aihole jaine smarke 7vya shatkat chalukya shasakanni bandhali hotee aanee elora guhanche jaine bhag yach kalatil aahet. devgad yetheel jaine mandiranchya mothya gatatil sarvat suruvatiche suru jhaale aanee sarvasadharanpane itar done mukhya dharmanpramanech yaa kalat naveen dagadat koralelya thikananche utkhanan thambale. tyaeivaji dagadane bandhaleli mandire ubharanyat aalee.
 teey 8vya shatkachya aaspas bandhale gele. jaine mandiranmadhye maroo-gurjar vastukala lokpriy jhaali. osean yetheel mahaveer jaine mandir heey paschim bharatatil sarvat june jaine mandir aahe aanee teey shahee pratiharanchya maharaj shree vatsarajachya karkirdit bandhale gele hote.
hansichya sathyat 8vya-9vya shatkatil jaine tirthankaranchya 58 kansya pratima hotya. yaa moorti digambar aanee shwetambar yaa donhi panthachya aahet.
madhyayugeen kaal (8 weey-16 weey shatak).
gommateshwarachi moorti jaine vyaktimatva bahubalila samarpit aahe. too ii. sha. 983 chya sumaras bandhanyat aala hota.dii. aanee jagatil sarvat mothya mukt ubhe asalelya putalyanpaiki eka aahe. mahamastakabhishek mhanje 'abhishek' (abhishek) darr 12 varshanni ekada aayojit keela jaato.
sushobhit hastalikhite 'jaina' granthalayanmadhye jatan kelee jaatat, jyat 'jaina' vishvashastrachi aakruti asate. bahutek chitre aanee chitre punch kalyanak mhanoon olakhalya jaananya tirthankaranchya jivanatil aitihasik ghatananche chitran karatat. alura kansya heey 11 vya shatkatil jaine tirthankaranna samarpit kansya pratimanchya durmil aanee mahattvachya sanchala darshavtat.
ayagpat aanee jaine stoop.
ayagpat haah jaine dharmatil poojeshi sambandhit eka prakarcha matdanacha patta aahe. bharatatil mathurajavalil kankali tilla sarkhya pracheen jaine sthalanvar utkhananadarmyan asha anek dagadi falakancha shodh lagla. tyapaiki kahee ii. sha. chya pahilya shatkatil aahet.eae. yaa pattya 'stoop', 'dharmchakra' aanee 'triratna' yasarkhya jaine pujechya kendrasthani asalelya vastoo aanee aarakhadyanni sushobhit kelya aahet.
mathuramadhye mothya sankhyene 'ayagpat' (shraddhanjalichi falee), arpanansathichya bhaktichya falee aanee 'tirthankar' chee pooja aadhalali. sodasachi kankali tilla falee aanee parshvanath ayagpat hii eka mahattvachi ayagpat aahe.
jaine stoop haah eka prakarcha stoop hota joou jainanni bhaktichya uddeshane ubharala hota. ii. sha. puu. 1lya shatkatil jaine stoop-ii. sha. puu. 1lya shatkatil stoop 19vya shatkat mathura yethe kankalichya teelachya tekadivar khodanyat aala hota. jaine dantkathannusar, sarvat juna jaine stoop isavi sunpoorv 8vya shatkat, jiin parshvanathachya kalapurvi bandhala gela hota.
shilpakala.
ii. sha. puu. chya shevatchya shatkanpasun shilpakala haah jaine paramparecha bhag asalyache disate, parantu bahudha bahutek lakadatil hote, jeey adyap tikale nahee. jaine shilpakalechi purvichi dnyat udaharane mhanje ii. sha. puu. 1lya shatkatil dagadi shilpe, jee mathurachya kalemadhye, visheshtah kankali tilachya jaine tekdyanmadhun aadhaltat.
983 chya sumaras ganga mantri aanee senapati chaundaray yanni bandhalela, bahubalicha eka akhand, 18 meater unchicha, gommateshwar putala, hii kadachit sarvat prasiddha ekal jaine kalakruti aahe. tee karnatak rajyatil husson jilhyatil shravanbelagolatil tekadivar aahe. haah putala bharatatil saat aashcharyanpaiki pahila mhanoon nivadala gela.
chhotya kansya pratima bahudha gharanmadhye asalelya mandiransathi hotya. yapaiki anek madhyayugeen sangrah utkhananat sapadale aahet, bahudha jevha lock yuddhatoon paloon gele tevha teey jamaa jhaale asavet. yamadhye vasantgadcha satha (1956,240 tukade), akota kansya (1951,68 tukade, 12vya shatkaparyant), hansicha satha (1982,58 tukade, 9vya shatkaparyant) aanee chausacha satha (18 tukade, 6vya shatkaparyant) yancha samavesh aahe.
chovis tirthankaranpaiki pratyekjan vishisht chinhanshi sambandhit aahe, jeey 'tiloypannati', 'kahavali' aanee 'pravachansarodhar' yasarkhya granthanmadhye soochibaddha aahet.
jivantaswamy pratima mukut aanee alankaransah bhagwan mahaveer (aanee kahee prakarananmadhye itar tirthankar) yanche rajkumar mhanoon pratinidhitva karatat. kayotsarg mudret ubhe asalele mhanoon jinache pratinidhitva kele jaate.
akhand moorti.
mudabidrichya jaine mandiranmadhye eka akhand manastambh heey eka manak vaishishtya aahe. tyat snrakshak yaksh mhanoon varchya bajula brahmadevachi moorti aahe.
bahubalichi 58 phoot unch ekashila jaine moorti ii. sha. 983 madhye bandhanyat aalelya shravanbelagola yetheel vindhyagiri tekadivar aahe.dii. 2016 paryantchi hii sarvat mothee muktapane ubhi asaleli akhand moorti hotee, 108 phoot unchichi ahinsa (pahilya jaine tirthankar, hrishabhnath yanchi moorti) hii moorti mangi-tungi yethe ubharanyat aalee hotee.
chitre.
jaine mandire aanee mathanmadhye kiman 2,000 varshanpurvichi bhittichitre hotee, jaree madhyayugeen purv astitva durmil aahe. yavyatirikt, anek jaine hastalikhite chitranni sachitra kelee gelee hotee, kadhikadhi bhavyapane. yaa donhi prakarananmadhye, jaine qalaa hindu kaleshi samantar aahe, parantu jaine udaharane sarvat aadhi vachalelyanmadhye adhik aahet. hastalikhite 11 vya shatkachya sumaras suru hotat, parantu bahutek 13 vya shatkapasoon aahet aanee gujarat pradeshat tayar karnyat aalee hotee. 15vya shatkaparyant sonyacha jaast vapar hott asalyane teey adhikadhik bhavya hott gele.
hastalikhit majkoor jyache sarvat jaast sachitra chitran kele jaate too mhanje 'kalpana sootra', jyamadhye tirthankaranche, visheshtah parshvanath aanee mahaveer yanche charitra aahe. chitre majkurat basavaleli chauras-ishh puttle aahet, jyat 'ware droing' aanee 'chamakdar, agadi ratnasarakha rung' aahe. vishisht "lamb toke asalele naak aanee baherche dolhe" asalelya yaa aakruti nehmi teen chaturthansh drushyat disatat. eka parampara aahe jyat chehnyachi adhik durchi bajoo baher padate, jenekarun donhi dolhe disatat.
hrishabh, pahila "tirthankar", sahasa ektar kamalachya sthiteet kinwa "kayotsarg", ubhe sthiteet chitrit keela jaato. tyachya khandyavar padananya kesanchya lamb kulupanmule too itar tirthankaranpeksha vegala aahe. tyachya shilpanmadhye bailanchya pratima dekhil disatat. chitranmadhye, tyachya aayushyatil ghatana, jase qee tyache lagn aanee indrane tyachya kapalavar lavalele chinh chitrit kele aahe. itar chitranmadhye too aaplya anuyayanna matichi bhandi sadar kartana disato; too gharavar rangkam kartana, vinatana aanee tyachi aaee marudevi bhet detana dekhil disato.
samvasaran.
tirthankar' chey daivi upadesh sabhagruh, 'samvasaran' chey chitran haah jaine kaleteel eka lokpriy vishay aahe. tirthankar' sinhasanavar basalela asoon tyala sparsh naan karata (tyachya sumare done inch varr), samvasaran golakar aakarat chitrit kele aahe. tirthankaranchya bhovati 'ganadhara' (mukhya shishya) basatat aanee pratyek prani vividh sabhagruhanmadhye basato.
teey chitranmadhye dakhavale jaau shakate aanee vistrut namune dekhil tayar kele jaatat, kahee sampoorn kholee vyapatat.
chinhe.
swastik heey jainanche mahattvache prateek aahe. tyache chaar haat astitvachya chaar kshetranche prateek aahet jyamadhye jaine dharmanusar punarjanm hotoh manav, swargiy prani, narki prani aanee manav nasalele (vanaspati aanee prani). heey bauddha dharmatil "bhavchakra" dware darshavilelya punarjanmachya sahaa kshetranshi sankalpanatmakdrushtya samaan aahe. too sahasa shirshasthani teen thipkyansah darshavila jaato, joou 'tavvart sootra' aanee 'uttaradhyayan sootra' yasarkhya pracheen granthanmadhye namood kelelya teen ratnanche pratinidhitva karatoh yogya shraddha, yogya samaj aanee yogya aacharan. heey dagine jaine dharmat ekhadyala aadhyatmik paripoornatechya avasthekade nenyache sadhan manale jaate, eka ashee sthitee jee pratikatmakpane ardhchandradware darshavili jaate aanee varr eka bindu mukt aatmyache pratinidhitva karato.
talhatavar chaak asalela haat jaine dharmat 'ahinsa' chey prateek asoon madhyabhagi 'ahinsa' lihileli asate. chakr heey 'dharmchakra' (dharmache chakr) darshavate, jeey 'ahinsa' (karuna) chya athak pathpuravyachya madhyamatoon 'saara' (bhatakane) thambavanyacha sankalp darshavate. jaine dharmat, 'ome' heey 'panka-parameshthi' chya sandarbhatil sankshipt roop manale jaate, tyanchya aadyaksharandvare 'aaa + aaa + aaa + yuu + emm' ('). aacharya nemikandra yanchya 'dravyasamagrah' nusar, 'aaom' (kinwa fakt 'ome') heey paach paramesthinchya aadyaksharanche eka aksharanche laghuroop aaheh 'arihant', 'ashiri', 'aacharya', 'upajjay', 'muni'. ome' heey chinh pracheen jaine dharmgranthanmadhye 'namokara' mantrachya paach olinche pratinidhitva karnyasathi dekhil vaparale jaate.
1974 madhye, mahaviranchya nirvanachya 2500 vya vardhapandinanimitta, jaine samudayane jaine dharmache mukhya chinh mhanoon eka pratima prateek mhanoon nivadali. ekoon aakar jaine vishvashastrache teen 'lock' (punarjanmache kshetra) darshavito.eae.swarg, manvi jug aanee narak. ardhvartulakar sarvat varcha bhag 'siddhashila' chey prateek aahe, joou teen kshetranchya palikade asalela eka kshetra aahe. varchya bhagat jaine swastik aanee khalchya bhagat 'ahinsa' chey prateek asate. chinhachya talashi jaine mantra aahe, "parasparopagraho jivanam". vilas sangvechya matey, yaa mantracha arth 'serve jeevan paraspar samarthan aanee parasparavalambanane bandhale gele aahe' assa aahe. enne valinusar, haah mantra umashvatichya 'tavvartasutra' chya sootra 5,21 madheel aahe aanee yacha arth 'aatma ekmekanchi seva karatat' assa aahe.
jaine dhvajache paach rung 'punch-parameshthi' chey pratinidhitva karatat aanee paach vrat, lahan tasech mahanah 'ashtamangal' haah aath shubh chinhancha sanch aahe, jeey digambar aanee shwetambar paramparanmadhye bhinn aahet. digambar paramparet, asht, 'dhwaja', 'kalash', 'fly-visk', aarsa, khurchi, hatpakshi aanee patra hii aath shubh chinhe aahet. shwetambar paramparenusar, heey swastik, "srivatsa", "nandvart", "vardhmanak" (khadyapadarth), "bhadrasana" (aasan), "kalash" (bhande), "darpan" (aarsa) aanee mashanchi jodee aahet.