blackburn buchanier

blackburn buchanier heey british vahak-saksham aakraman viman aahe, jeey 1950 chya dashakat royal nevhisathi (aar. aine.) tayar kele gele hote. brau yetheel blackburn vimanane rachana keleli aanee suruvatila tayar keleli, nantar blackburn ferivalyanchya sideli gatacha bhag banala tevha tee adhikrutpane ferivalyanchya sideli buchanier mhanoon olakhali gelee, parantu heey naav kvachitach vaparale jaate.
swerdlov'-shrenitil halakya cruiserchi suruvat soviet unionne kelyachya pratisadat bookaniyarchi rachana moolatah karnyat aalee hotee. swatachya cruzercha eka naveen varg tayar karnyaivaji, shahee naudalane tharavale qee teey bookeniyarsdware kelelya khalchya patalivaril hallyachya dhavandvare nirman jhalelya dhokyacha samna karoo shakatat, jeey itake qamee aahe qee jahajavaril radar kshitijacha fayda ghetalyane tyanchyavar golibar karanyachi sandhee qamee hote. buckenier anvastre kinwa paramparik shastrastrancha vapar karoon hallah karoo shakat hota. tyachya seva aayushyat, jahajvirodhi kshepanastre vahoon nenyasathi tyat badal kele jaatil, jyamule teey jahajanvar thambun durvaroon hallah karoo shaktil aanee asha prakare aadhunik jahaj-aadharit vimanvirodhi shastranviruddha tyachi tikoon rahanyachi kshamata sudharel. bookeniyarne april 1958 madhye aapale pahile uddan kele aanee julai 1962 madhye shahee naudalachya sevet pravesh keela.
prarambhik utpadan vimananna apaghatanchi malika bhogavi lagali, mukhytah enginechya apurya samarthyamule; hii kamatarata 1965 madhye adhik shaktishali rolls-royce spie jett engine susajj asalelya buchanier ess. 2 chya parichayadvare twarit door kelee jaeel. buchanier ess. 2 heey atlantic mahasagarala naan thambata, indhan naan bharata paar karnare pahile eff. aii. aii. viman asel. 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat, shahee naudalane tyanchya vahakankadun buckenier, fantum aanee fairy ganetchya aaspas karyarat asalelya havai pankhanche pramanikaran kele. royal air forcechya (raaf) aanvik shastre vahoon vahoon supersonic interdictorchya garajesathi sambhavya upay mhanoon buchanier dekhil deu karnyat aale hote. adhik pragat back tsr-2 bombfekichya bajoone tapashilanchi purtata naan kelyamule teey nakarle gele, parantu heey viman tyachya uchch kimmatimule mothya pramanat radd kele jaeel, nantar tyachi nivadak badali, general dynamics suruvatila dekhil radd kelee jaeel. tii. ess. aar.-2 chaa paryay mhanoon buchanier kharedi karnyat aale aanee aktoobar 1969 madhye tyanni raaf sevet pravesh keela.
shahee naudalane februwari 1979 madhye aaplya mothya vimanvahu jahajanpaiki shevatche nivrutt kele; parinami, buckenierchi strike bhoomika british aerospace see harrierkade hastantarit karnyat aalee aanee viman swatach raffmadhye hastantarit karnyat aale. 1980 madheel apghatanantar dhatuchya thakvyachya samasya ughad jhalya, rafcha tafa 60 vimananparyant qamee karnyat aala tarr urvarit viman mage ghenyat aale. 1990 chya dashakat shityuddhachya samaptimule lashkari kapat jhaali jyamule brittonchya urvarit kharedidaranchya nivruttila gatee midali; adhik aadhunik panevia chakrivadalachya bajoone march 1994 madhye raffchya kharedidaranpaiki shevatche nivrutt jhaale. dakshin aafrikechi havai dall (saaf) haah yaa prakaracha ekmev niryat grahak hota. hota pahilya aakhati yuddhat aanee dakshin aafrikechya dirghkal chalalelya seema yuddhat bookeniyarsne ladhau karvai pahili.
vikas.
shahee naudal.
dusare mahayuddha sampalyanantar, soviet naudalachya vegwan vistaramule nirman jhalelya dhokyala shahee naudlala lavkarach pratyuttar dene aavashyak hote. 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila soviet naudalachya ghadamodinpaiki pramukh mhanje; hii jahaje jalad, prabhavipane sashastr aanee asankhya asaleli halki cruiser mhanoon vargikrut kelee jaau shakat hotee. hotee mahayuddhadarmyan german "pockett yuddhanauka" pramanech, yaa naveen soviet cruzerne atalantikmadhil vyapari tafyasathi gambhir dhoka nirman keela. yaa dhokyacha samna karnyasathi, shahee naudalane swatacha naveen jahaj varg naan vaparnyacha nirnay ghetala, tarr tyaeivaji paramparik kinwa aanvik shastrancha vapar karoon vishesh hallah karnare viman aananyacha nirnay ghetala. naudalachya tafa vahakankadun karyarat rahoon, aanee uchch veg aanee qamee staravar hallah kelyane, teey "swerdlov" samasyevar upay deil.
juuna 1952 madhye naudal aanee aavashyakta mhanoon eka tapshilvar tapasheel jaaree karnyat aala, jyamadhye samudraspativar, qamee unchivar aanee jaast unchivar ladhau trijya asalelya, asalelya pankhansah done aasan asalelya vimanachi magani karnyat aalee. paramparik bomb, laal dadhi mukt-padnara anubomb kinwa hiravya cheej jahajvirodhi kshepanastrasaha shastrastrancha bhaar aavashyak hota. garajechya aadhare, puravatha mantralayane august 1952 madhye tapshilvar "m.148t" jaaree kele aanee februwari 1953 madhye pahile pratisad parat kele gele. barry pii. project bii-103' yaa vimanane julai 1955 madhye nivida jinkley. guptatechya karanastav, vimanala kagadpatranmadhye 'bii. aine. aii.' (blackburn nevel aircraft) kinwa 'baana' (blackburn pragat nevel aircraft) asey mhatale gele, jyamule 'banana jett' heey topananav midale. pahilya namunane 30 april 1958 roji reey bedford yethoon pahile uddan kele.
pahile utpadan buchanier model, "buchanier ess. 1" neey janewari 1963 madhye fleet air arm (eff. aii. aii.) saha squadran sevet pravesh keela. teey dii havilland giron junier turbojetchya jodidware chalavale jaat hote, jeey thrustche utpadan karat hote. hii khoon kahishi qamee shaktichi hotee aanee parinami, indhan aanee shastrastre yaa donhine purnapane bharaleli asalyas uddan karoo shakat nahee. yaa samasyevar tatpurata upay mhanje 'mitra pranali': vimanane shastrastrancha purn bhaar aanee kiman indhan gheuun uddan kele aanee tyanantar supermarine schemetershee bhet hoil jeey havai indhan bharoon sampoorn indhan pohochavel. matra, vijechya kamtaratecha arth assa hota qee, uddanadarmyan kinwa purn bharane utarnyadarmyan, jevha viman flap bloingwar avalambun hote, tevha engineche nuksan hone heey vinashkari asoo shakate.
qamee kshamatechya ess. 1 chaa dirghakalin upay mhanje rolls-royce spie engine susajj asalelya "buchanier ess. 2" chaa vikas, jyane 40 takke adhik jore deela. turbophan spaimadhye dekhil shuddha-jett gironpeksha indhanacha vapar lakshaniyaritya qamee hota, jyane sudharit shreni pradan kelee. spila samavoon ghenyasathi enginechya nasselscha vistar karava lagla aanee parinami pankhanmadhye kirkol vayugatikiy badal aavashyak hote. feriwalya sideline janewari 1962 madhye ess. 2 sathee utpadan orderchi ghoshana kelee. 1966 chya akheris serve shahee naudalachya tukadyanche sudharit ess. 2 madhye rupantar jhaale hote. tathapi, 736 naudalachya havai tukadine december 1970 paryant raff aanee atirikt prashikshan magani purn karnyasathi sathavanukitun ghetalelya aath ess. 1 vimanancha dekhil vapar keela.
dakshin aafrikeche havai dall.
aktoobar 1962 madhye, dakshin aafrikechya havai dalane (saaf) 16 vimananchi aurder dilee, "buchanier ess. 50" mhanoon. garam aanee uchch" african havai kshetranna atirikt jore denyasathi bristol sideli bs.605 rockett enginechi bharr ghalanari hii ess. 2 vimane hotee. ess. 50 majboot under carriage aanee uchch kshamatechya chakanchya breaks susajj hote aanee tyat hatane dumadalele pankh hote. teey 30 kamand nirdeshit havah-teey-prushth kshepanastra vaparnyasathi susajj hote. vishal kinarpattivar gast ghalanyachi garaj asalyamule tyanni havai indhan bharane aanee mothya underving takya dekhil nirdisht kelya. ekada sevet asatana, bs.605 rockett enginecha atirikt jore anavashyak asalyache siddha jhaale aanee akheris teey serve vimananmadhun kadhoon taknyat aale. dakshin africene nantar aanakhi kharedidar kharedi karnyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyaa deshavaril aichchhik shastrastra bandimule british sarkarne pudhil aadesh rokhale.
shahee havai dall.
royal air forcela (raaf) buchanier vikanyacha blackburncha pahila prayatna, havai mantralayachya operational aavashyakta or.339 chya pratisadat, rafchya ingraji electric canberra light bomberschya badalyasathi, supersonic veg aanee ladhau trijyasah; serve havamanatil vimanasathi vicharane jeey lamb pallyachya aanvik shastre vitareet karoo shakel, stall kamgirisah mack 2 + varr uchch staravar kinwa mack 1.2 varr qamee staravar karya karoo shakel. blackburney done rachana prastavit kelya, b.103a, adhik indhanasah buchanier ess. 1 chaa eka sadha badal aanee b.108, adhik atyadhunik avionics adhik vyapakpane sudharit viman. aantar-seva avishvas, rajkiy mudde aanee 1957 chya sanrakshn shvetpatrakachya parshvabhumivar, donhi prakar raffaney nakarle; teey thampane subsonic asalyane aanee raffchya shrenichya garja purn karnyas asamarth asalyane; tarr ess. 1 peksha judd asoonahi gairon kanishth engine rakhoon rakhoon b.108 chee kamgiri gambhirpane qamee jhaali asatee, jyamule kharab short-take auph kamgiri midali asatee. akheris 1959 madhye back tii. ess. aar.-2 chee nivad karnyat aalee.
tii. ess. aar.-2 radd jhalyanantar aanee nantar paryayi american general dynamics suruvatila nantar, royal air forcela ajunahi khalchya patalivaril strike rolmadhye tyachya canberaschya badalichi aavashyakta hotee, tarr royal nevhichya vimanvahu jahajansathi niyojit nivrutticha arth assa hota qee rafla sagari strike kshamata dekhil jodavi lagel. tyamule 1968 madhye assa nirnay ghenyat aala qee naveen-nirmit viman kharedi karoon aanee vahak nivrutt jhalyamule tafyachya havai dalachya kharedidarancha taba gheuun, raff buckeniercha avalamb karel. rafsathi ekoon 46 naveen-nirmit vimane blackburncha uttaradhikari, hocker sideli, jyala "ess. ess" mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale hote, tyane tayar kelee hotee. yamadhye raaf-prakarchi dalanvalan aanee vimanchalan upkarane, marshell havah-teey-prushthbhagavaril kshepanastra kshamata hotee aanee atirikt indhan taakee asalelya bomb-beey darvajane susajj asoo shakat hotee.
marshal jahajvirodhi kshepanastra vahoon nenyasathi kahee tafyatil havai jahajanchya kharedidaranmadhye sevet sudharana karnyat aalee. marshal-saksham eff. aii. aii. vimananchi nantar 'ess. 'ess ashee punarnirdharan karnyat aalee. urvarit viman 'ess. 'ess jhaale. raaf vimananna vividh sudharana denyat aalya. aii/elcue-101 electronic countermasors (eae. see. emm.) podd (raffchya sepket jaguar jee. aar. 3 varr dekhil aadhalate), bhuimug aanee flair vitarak aanee lakshya-9 bajuchi kshamata jodoon swasanrakshan sudharle gele. retard defence' mhanoon olakhale jaanare, nimn-stariy hallah karnare raff buckenier heey karoo shakat hote; antargatpane vahoon nenyat aalele chaar mand bomb khaleel konatyahi vimanaviruddha prabhavi pratibandhatmak upay mhanoon padale jaau shakatat. 1979 madhye, raffaney footpath II lesar-margdarshit bombsathi american aine/aii. vhee. vhee pev spike lesar designator podd prapt kele; jyamule vimanala pudhil buckeners, jagwar aanee itar strike vimanansathi lakshya designator mhanoon kaam karanyachi parvanagi midali. 1986 pasoon, kra. 208 squadran raaf, mug kra. 12 (buub) squadranne, martel aii. ess. emm. chya jaagi see eagle kshepanastra aanale.
prastavit vikas.
1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat feriwalya sideline buchanier ess. 2 chya palikade pudhil ghadamodi pudhe aanalya; tathapi, shahee naudal kinwa shahee havai daladware utpadan karnyasathi konihi pathpurava keela jaanar nahee. ashach eka prayatnala 'buchanier 2 *' asey naav denyat aale hote, jeey tsr-2 laa kifayatshir paryay mhanoon sadar kele gele hote. 2 * madhye naveen upkarane hotee; jase qee haid-up display aanee radd jhalelya ferivalyachya sideli p.1154 vtol vimanatil onboard sanganak, tyane tsr-2 sathee vikasit kelya jaat asalelya radar pranalicha dekhil avalamb keela asata. aanakhi vyapakpane sudharit model, 'buchanier 2 * *' dekhil prastavit kele gele hote, jeey punha tsr-2 pasoon midavalelya adhik atyadhunik bhoo-hallah kshamatanni susajj kele gele asate. dennis hailey, sanrakshn mantri 1964-1970 yanchya matey, raaf heey naudalache viman asalyamule too buckeniershee vairpurn hota; rafsathi sudharit buckenier vikasit kelyane shahee naudalachya niyojit see. vhee. aii.-01 shrenichya vimanvahu jahajanviruddha yuktivad kamkuvat hotil asey pudhe suchavale gele aahe. sanrakshn mantralayachya (modd) eka ahavalat assa dawa karnyat aala hota qee done buckenier 2 * heey eka samanya dynamics eff-111 chey kaam karoo shakatat, jeey unitchya ardhyahun qamee kharchat aahe.
rachana.
vihangavalokan.
buchanier heey eka madhyam pankhanche, julya engineche viman hote. tyat done jananche eka gut hote, jyat nirikshak varchya jagevar basala hota aanee tyala drushya shodhat madat karnyasathi pudhe spasht drushya denyasathi payalatkadoon offset keela gela hota. tyachya karyanvit swarupamadhye, shatruchya apekshit radar shodh maryadechya agadi baher, khalee utaranyapurvi, lakshyachya dishene aanee tethoon dhavnyasathi, unchivar (qamee indhan vaparasathi) samudraparyatan karane samavisht hote. prakshepak vimanvahu jahajapasun lamb pallyachya samudratil jahaje kinwa paschim aadharit mothya aasthapana hii uddishte asoo shakatat. udaharanarth, meey 1966 madhye, ayrish samudratoon prakshepit ess. 2 neey gibraltar yetheel havaitalavar khalchya patalivaril semulated anushastra fekale aanee jahajavar paratale, vimanachya pravasamadhye serve havamanatil parichalan kshamata hotee, udaharanarth, pilotchya haid-up display aanee airstream direction detectordware pradan keleli, aanee nirikshakachi navigation pranali aanee agni niyantran radar. british vimanvahu jahajankadun chalavale jaanare buckenier heey sarvat mothe viman hote aanee februwari 1979 madhye shevatche paramparik vahak jahaj mage gheiparyant teey tyanchyapasun karyarat rahile. tyachya sevedarmyan, buckenier haah anoo hallyasah naudalachya jaminivaril hallyacha kanaa hota.
mageel fuselagechya antargat bhagacha bahutansh bhag redioche ghatak, vimanachya radar karyakshamatela aadhar denari upkarane aanee aanee drav auxigen jeevan samarthan pranali yasarkhya electronics thevanyasathi vaparla jaat asey; sampoorn compartment telfinmadhun kadhalelya ramm havedware sakriyapane thund kele jaat hote. anavshyaktesathi, buckeniermadhye vidyut pranalinsathi duheri basbar aanee teen swatantra hydraulic pranali hotya. svayanchalit sthirikaran aanee svayanchalit pilot karye virodh ekatmik uddan niyantran sangankadware vimanache niyantran aanee utaran sope karnyat aale.
shastrastre aanee upkarane.
bookaniyarchi rachana visheshtah sagari anoo hallah viman mhanoon karnyat aalee hotee. tyache ichchit shastra green cheej heey sanketik naav asalele anuurja-teey-prushthbhagavaril kshepanastra hote, parantu yaa shastracha vikas radd karnyat aala aanee tyachya jaagi margdarshit laal dadhi hotee, jee ingraji vidyut canberasathi vikasit karnyat aalee hotee. laal dadhiche 10 teey 20 kilotan shreneet sphotak utpadan hote aanee tee eka vishesh bombchya khadichya daravar basavali gelee hotee, jyamadhye tee prakshepan vimanavaril vayugatikiy bufe qamee karnyasathi chhanpane basavali gelee hotee. qamee patalivar aanee uchch vegane, bombchya khadiche paramparik darvaje havechya pravahat surakshitpane ughadale jaau shakat navhate; mhanoon, blackburney eka firnara bomb beey vikasit keela jyane vimanachya lamb akshavar valale, jyamule eka bombchya khadichya darachya aateel bajus prabhavipane lavalele shastrastra ughad jhaale aanee dragmadhye mothya pramanat vaadh naan karata teey twarit sodale jaau dile; heey vaishishtya jaminichya patalivaril pravesh pradan karnyat dekhil soyiche tharale. aanee radar cross sectionmadhye mothee vaadh naan karoon vimanachi gupt kshamata nakalat sudharali.
bomb bemadhye pherii taakee, photo-punarjagaran 'barani' kinwa malavahu container dekhil samavoon gheta yeu shakato. tohichya packagemadhe sahaa sahaa vargikaran hote, pratyek vegvegalya konanvar kinwa vegvegalya imaging gunadharm asalele aanee keval visheshtah tohichya kriyakalapancha samavesh asalelya mohimanvar basavale gele hote. buckeniermadhye bomb, kshepanastre, indhan takya kinwa flairsarkhi itar upkarane basavanyas saksham asalele chaar underving haard points dekhil hote; nantarchya ghadamodinmadhye wing-mounted electronic warfare aanee lesar designator podscha avalamb keela gela. ashach prakarchi underving rachana nantar safne sweekarli. sevet pravesh kelyavar, buckenier shahee naudalachya vimanandware vaparlya vaparlya serve shastrastre vahoon nenyas saksham hota. bukkeniyarsathi julya 30 miimii (1.2 inch) eden tofancha sanch vikasit karnyacha hetu hota, parantu prayatna sodoon denyat aala aanee prakar kadhihi bandukane susajj navhata.
buckenierchya karkirdichya suruvatilach, paramparik jahajvirodhi mohimanmadhye agadi jawalun nirdeshit naan kelele bomb aanee rockett yanche mishran vaparale gele asate. soviet vimanvirodhi kshepanastranchya pragatimule hii yukti adhikadhik avyavharya hott gelee; asha prakare, nantarchya kalat shatruchya jahajanvar durvaroon hallah karnyas saksham asalelya anek kshepanastrancha vapar karnyasathi buckeniersche rupantar karnyat aale. anglo-french marshal kshepanastra bookaniyarvar aanale gele hote, parantu heey shastra "atishay swabhavik" asalyache mhatale gele hote aanee tyachya tainatatesathi aakramak buchanierla tyachi unchi vadhavane aavashyak hote aanee tyamule swatahvar hallah honyachi shakyata asate. 1980 chya dashakat haatee ghetalelya vyapak sudharana karyakramane anek naveen upkarananshi susangatata jodali; jyat see eagle kshepanastra, eka swayam-margdarshak 'phayar-andd-forgate' kshepanastra, jeey marshal aii. jeey. 168 jahajvirodhi kshepanastrachya paach putt prabhavi shreneet lakshya gathanyas saksham aahe, tarr teey lakshaniy adhik shaktishali dekhil aahe.
seema thurr niyantran.
uddan aanee utarnasarkhya mand gatine vayugatikiy kamgirimadhye natyamay sudharana karnyasathi, blackburney seema thurr niyantran (bii. ell. see.) mhanoon olakhale jaanare naveen vayugatikiy niyantran tantradnyan sweekarle. bii. ell. see. neey enginemadhun thet uchch daab asaleli havah vahili, jee vimanachya pankhanchya prushthbhagachya vividh bhaganvar aanee aadvya sthiratevar 'udavali' gelee. pankhanchya magchya kathavaril bhagachi purn lambichi katadi konatyahi samkalin yojnepeksha jawaljawal 50 takke jaast uchal dete asey aadhalun aale. anyatha bii. ell. see. chya vaparamule nirman nirman tivra khelpattichya halchalincha pratikar karnyasathi, swayam-chhatani pranali bii. ell. see. pranalishi ekmekanshi jodali gelee aanee pankhanchya agrabhagachya kathavar atirikt udavane dekhil suru karnyat aale. bii. ell. see. chya vaparamule rachnet slatscha vapar purnapane takoon deela jaau shakala.
utaranyapurvi, pilot mand, sthir uddan sadhya karnyasathi bii. ell. see. chhidra ughadato tasech flap khalee aanato. aanato pankhacha parinam assa hota qee udanyasathi puresa compressor vayoo tayar karnyasathi qamee-gatichya uddanasathi engines uchch shaktine chalane aavashyak hote. yaa paristhitivar blackburncha upay mhanje mothya air breakcha avalamb karane; yaa jodanyamule landingchya ayashasvi prayatnat overshooting vimanala adhik vegane door khechanyachi parvanagi midali. vahak hangermadheel vimanachi lambi qamee karnyasathi naak shanku aanee radar antena dekhil 180 anshanni firavale jaau shakatat. heey vaishishtya visheshtah vimanvahu jahajanchya lahan aakaramule mahattvache hote, jyatoon samanyatah buckenier chalavale jaate.
vahak uddanasathi, buckanierla sumare 11° varr pankh thevanyasathi tyachya nosvilles havet kavchachya shepativar khalee khechale gele. teey 'hands-auph' mhanoon prakshepit kele jaau shakateh pilot telplanela tatasth sthiteet sodanyas saksham asato. chaloo asatana, spie spie utpadan jawalpas khalee yete, jaree mage asalelya kathavaril slitmadhun sumare parat midavale jaate jeey mage tond karatat. udanari sumare 70 takke havah flaps aanee eleronver jaate, jeey khalee padnyachya sthiteet asatat. vimanvahu jahajapasun, kiman prakshepan veg sumare hota; eka havai kshetratun, bookeniyarne udalelya havesah uddan kele. aakruti vahalelya haveshivay badaltat.
fuselays aanee rachana.
bookeniyarchya fuselagechi rachana kshetra niyam tantracha vapar karoon karnyat aalee hotee, jyacha transonic vegane pravas kartana vayugatikiy odh qamee karnyacha parinam jhaala aanee fuselagechya vaishishtyapurn vakr "kook batali" aakarala janm deela. qamee patalivaril kamancha taana sahan karnyasathi aavashyak shakti denyasathi bahutansh airframe aanee fuselays ghan castingspasoon tayar kele gele hote. khalchya patalivaril uddanamule nirman jhalelya bhishan paristhititahi, dhatucha thakwa haah buckenierchya karyasheel aayushyacha maryadit ghatak nasel yachee khatri karnyasathi barech prayatna kele gele. tathapi, marqa 2 bookeniyarchya rachnet badal, vistarit pankhanchya tokanchi bharr aanee naveen boult chhidrachya sthanamule thakvyachya samasya nirman jhalya jyamule done vimane gamavali.
eka mothya air breakney vimanachya shepaticha coone tayar keela. hydraulically operate kelelya air breakney done paaney tayar kelee jee vimanacha veg jalad qamee karnyasathi havai pravahat ughadali jaau shakat hotee. blackburney nivadalelya air breakchi shaili bukkeniyarcha hetu asalelya dive-attack profilemadhye atyant prabhavi hotee, tasech bii. ell. see. pranali chalavanyachya prerit dragmadhye prabhavipane santulan sadhat hotee. tyat eka badalanare incidence telplane hote jeey qamee-gatee hatalani kinwa uchch-gatee uddan yaa vishisht aavashyaktannusar kapale jaau shakate; bookeniyarchya air breakchya sthitee aanee karyakshamatemule telplanela uchch aarohit karave lagale.
buckenierchya pankhanchi rachana hii done aavashyaktanmadhil tadjod hotih changlya vegwan pratisadasathi qamee-drushti gunottar aanee changli shreni kamgiri denyasathi uchch-drushti gunottar. lahan pankh qamee unchivar vegwan uddanasathi yogya hote; tathapi, eka lahan pankhane vahak karyasathi aavashyak asaleli pureshi lift tayar kelee nahee. tyamule, bii. ell. see. chaa vapar pankh aanee telplane yaa donhivar keela gela, jyacha seema thurr vayupravahala urja aanee gulgulit karnyacha parinam jhaala, jyamule pankhanchya mageel bajus vayupravah vegale hone lakshaniyaritya qamee jhaale aanee tyamule stallcha veg qamee jhaala aanee flap aanee elerons mageel bajus niyantran prushthbhaganchi parinamkarakta vadhali. 1980 chya dashakat bookaniyarche karya ayushya vadhavanyasathi, rakhoon thevalelya vimananvaril mool naveen spar rings badalane aavashyak manale gele.
karyapaddhaticha itihas.
fleet air arm.
17 julai 1962 roji jevha 801 nass heey scotlandmadhil aar. aine. aii. lossymouth yethe karyanvit jhaale, tevha bookeniyarne fleet air arm (eff. aii. aii.) saha sevet pravesh keela. purvi naudalachya hallyachi bhoomika bajavat asalelya eff. aii. aii. chya supermarine skimitarchi jaaga bookeniyarne twarit ghetali. paramparik shastrastranvyatirikt, 1965 madhye buckenierla anvastra vitaranasathi manjuri denyat aalee; tainat shastranmadhye laal dadhi aanee we.177 free-fauls bombcha samavesh hota, jeey aatoon aatoon bomb-beey darvajavar nele jaat hote. done eff. aii. aii. operational squadron aanee eka prashikshan unit buchanier ess. 1 neey susajj hote. vimanala naudalachya viman chalak dalala tyachya samarthyasathi aanee udanyachya gunansathi khoop aavadale hote aanee bii. ell. see. pranaline tyanna savayipeksha qamee utaran gatee dilee. bookeniyarschya varchya bajula gadad sagari rakhadi rung aanee khalchya bajula anty-flash pandhara rung deela gela hota.
buchanier ess. 1 chya gairon kanishth enginemadhil kamataratemule december 1970 madhye yaa prakarachi karkird achanak sampushtat aalee. 1 december roji, ess. 1 neey chukichya landing drushtikonatun overshoot karnyacha prayatna keela parantu eka engine vaadh kelee aanee konatahi jore deela nahee, jyamule done krumanana baher padane bhag padale. 8 december roji, prashikshan uddanatil ess. 1 chey engine prachand aniyantritaritya apayashi tharale. pilot yashasviritya baher padala, parantu tyachya baher kadhanyachya aasanatil yantrik bighadamule navik marla gela. tyanantarchya tapasanitun assa nishkarsh nighala qee giron kanishth engine aata udanyasathi surakshit nahee. urvarit serve ess. 1s tatkal aanee kayamswarupi ground kele gele.
april 1965 paryant, naveen buchanier ess. 2 chya sakhol chachanya suru jhalya hotya, jyaa prakarane tyaa varshachya uttaradhat eff. aii. aii. saha karyarat sevet pravesh keela hota. sudharit ess. 2 prakarane tyache moolya siddha kele jevha teey atlantic mahasagarala avirat, indhan naan bharata paar karnare pahile eff. aii. aii. viman tharale. 28 march 1967 roji, aar. aine. aii. lossymouth yetheel dukandaranni paryavaraniy aapatti talhanyasathi cornwallchya paschim paschim jahaj kosalalelya supertankervar bombfake kelee. 1972 madhye, 809 naudalachya havai tukadichya shipayanni, deshavaril pradeshik davyancha pathpurava karnyasathi sambhavya gwatemalan aakraman rokhanyasathi, swatantryachya kahee kalapurvi british hondurasvar (aata bellies) lashkari upasthiti darshavinyachya mohimemadhye bhag ghetala.
jarr soviet unionberober yuddh suru jhaale asate tarr tyaa prakarchya bhoomikecha sarav karat, buchanier uttar samudrat niyamit gast aanee saravat dekhil sahbhagi jhaala. 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat, shahee naudalane fantum, buchanier aanee fairy gannet vimananchya bhovati tyanchya vahakankadun karyarat asalelya havai pankhanche pramanikaran kele. ekoon sahaa eff. aii. aii. squadran buchaniers susajj hoteh hoteh (saghan uddan chachani ekak), 736 (prashikshan), 800,801,803 aanee 809 naudalachya havai squadran. bucknairs hums "vijayi", hums "aark royal" aanee hamsvar suru kele gele.
februwari 1979 madhye naudalachya tafyatil vahakanpaiki shevatche jahaj 'aark royal' sevamukt jhalyanantar buchanier eff. aii. aii. sevetoon nivrutt jhaala. tyanchi nivrutti haah 1970 chya dashakat amalat aanalelya mothya pararashtra dhoranachya ajendyacha eka bhag hota. suezchya poorves tainat asalelya bahutek british lashkari dalanchya maghar ghenyasarkhya upayayojanankade vimanvahu jahajanchi garaj qamee karane aanee sarvasadharanpane sthir-pankhanchya naudal vimanchalan mhanoon pahile gele. haah nirnay atyant vadgrast hota, visheshtah eff. aii. aii. madheel lokansathi. shahee naudal buckenierchya naudal hallah kshamatechya jaagi lahan vhee/stall-saksham british aerospace see harrier deil, jeey tyanchya dashakapasun chalavale jaat hote.
shahee havai dall.
1968 chya suruvatila suruvatila hii samanya gatishilata radd jhalyanantar, yaa karyakramala gambhir kharch vaadh aanee vilamb hott asalyamule, rafla upalabdh aanee parvadanari badali shodhane bhag padale aanee anichhene tyane buchanier nivadle. aktoobar 1969 madhye raff hohnington yethe 12 squadran heey raffche pahile unit hote, jeey sagari hallyachya bhoomiket hote, suruvatila majee shahee naudalache buchanier s.2as neey susajj hote. 1971 madhye raff lyarbrachmadhye jaanyapurvi, pudhchya varshi 15 squadran bookeniyars susajj asalyane, aanee raff buchanier rupantaran unit, kra. march 1971 madhye hohnington yethe sthapan jhalelya 237 operational conversion unit raffmadhye, bukeniyarkade eka antarim upay mhanoon pahile gele, parantu panevia chakrivadal karyakramatil vilambamule 'antarim' kalavadhi vistarel aanee eff. aii. aii. neey prakar sodalyanantar sodalyanantar kalapasoon, buchanier done dashakanhun adhik kaal raff sevet raheel yachee khatri hoil.
1970 chya dashakat shahee naudalachya vahak tafyane tappyatappyane maghar ghetalyanantar, tafyachya havai dalachya kharedidaranchi rafa yethe badali karnyat aalee, jyane sagari hallyachi bhoomika sweekarli hotee. 84 ess. 2 vimananpaiki 62 vimananchi akheris badali karnyat aalee, 'ess. 2aii' chee punarnirdharan karnyat aalee; yapaiki kahee nantar ess. ess mankanmadhye sudharit karnyat aalee. majee-eff. aii. aii. vimanane 16 tukadya susajj kelya, raff larbruch yethe 15 tukadya aanee hohnington yethe 208 tukadya sameel jhalya; shevatche majee-eff. aii. aii. viman tyachya visarjit honyachya kahee kaal aadhi 216 tukadyankade gele.
1970 pasoon, suruvatila 12 squadrons, tyanantar 15 squadran, 16 squadran, kra. 237 oo. see. yuu., 208 squadran aanee 216 squadran, raff buchanier force heey we.177 anvastranni punha susajj jhaale. jaree keval eka varshasathi, jaree buckeniersney kamal takadichya velee sahaa raaf squadran susajj kele. paach squadronchi adhik satatyapurn takad teen squadran (15 squadran, 16 squadran, 208 squadran) aanee kra. 237 oku (eka yuddh rakheev kinwa chhaya squadran), heey serve europe khandatil yuddh karar dalanna virodh virodh bhudalanchya samarthanarth bhuaakraman kartvyansathi sarvoch sahyogi commander europela (sesur) niyukt kele gele, tasech eka squadran (12 squadran) sarvoch sahyogi commander atalantikala (sacklent) sagari hallah kartvyansathi niyukt kele gele.
vastavadi prashikshanat sahbhagi honyasathi buchanier squadransathi sandhee maryadit hotya aanee mhanoon jevha 1975 madhye americene nellis havai dalachya talavar laal falicha lashkari sarav suru keela, tevha rafla tyat khoop rus vatoo lagla. pahila laal dhwaj jyamadhye raaf vimanancha samavesh hota too 1977 madhye hota, jyat 10 bookeniyars aanee done evero vulcan bombers sahbhagi jhaale hote. 1983 paryant nantarchya laal zendyanmadhye bookeniyars sahbhagi jhaale aanee 1979 madhye canadavar ashach maple zendyachya saravat dekhil sahbhagi jhaale. bhupradesh-anusaran radar aanee itar aadhunik avionixcha abhav asoonahi atyant achook asalelya tyachya jalad nimn-stariy hallyansah buchanier yashasvi tharale.
tharale laal zenda saravadarmyan, sahbhagi dukandaranpaiki ekane thakwa-prerit crackmule uddanadarmyan eka pankh gamavala aanee too kosalala, jyamule tyache karmchari thaar jhaale. sampoorn raff buchanier tafa februwari 1980 madhye tainat karnyat aala; tyanantarchya tapasat anek vimananmadhye dhatuchya thakvyachya gambhir samasya aadhalalya. naveen spar rings prapt karnyasathi ekoon 60 vimananchi nivad karnyat aalee, tarr itar radd karnyat aale; parinami vimananchi sankhya qamee jhalyamule navjat 216 squadran nantar visarjit karnyat aale. tyach varshi nantar, chakrivadalasathi hohnington yethe mokali jaaga midavi yasathi britainsthit buchanier squadron raff lossymouth yethe halavanyat aale.
1983 madhye, operation pulstercha eka bhag mhanoon lebnonmadhil british shantata rakshakanchya pathimbyasathi sahaa buchanier ess. 2 sayprasmadhye pathvanyat aale. 11 september 1983 roji, yapaiki done vimananni thet nuksan karnyaivaji bandkhoranna dhamkavanyacha hetu thevun berutvarun khalee uddan kele. 1983 nantar, jaminivaril hallyachi kartavye bahutek vela chakrivadal vimananna punha niyukt karnyat aalee aanee nantar sevet pravesh keela aanee urvarit done buchanier squadran (12 squadran aanee 208 squadran) nantar sagari hallyachya kartvyansathi apavitra karnyasathi niyukt karnyat aale. fakt 'chhaya squadran', nahee. 237 oo. see. yuu., heey bhusamapachya bhoomikesathi, naa. sangharsh jhalyas jagwar ground strike vimanasathi 237 heey niyuktakarta mhanoonahi kaam karnar hote. 1991 madhye buckenierne tyachya rakheev anoo vitaran shulkatoon payutar vhave lagale.
1991 chya aakhati yuddhadarmyan bookeniyarne ladhau mohimanmadhye bhag ghetala. heey apekshit hote qee kharedidaranna lakshya padnam bhoomiket kamgiri karanyachi aavashyakta asoo shakate, jaree suruvatila, heey "ashakya" asalyache manale gele hote. tainat karnyachya alp-soochanechya nirnayanantar, sahaa vimananchi pahili tukadi 72 tasanchya aat tainat karnyasathi tayar karnyat aalee, jyat valvantatil chhadmavaran aanee atirikt upkaranancha avalamb samavisht hota aanee 26 janewari 1991 roji lavkar madhya purvechya natyagruhasathi lossymouthwaroon ravana karnyat aalee. natyagruhat, pratyek hallyachya rachnet chaar chakrivadale aanee done bookeniyars asane samanya jhaale; pratyek bookeniyarmadhye ekach lesar designer podd hota aanee upkaranat bighad jhalyas hotichaaa backup mhanoon kaam kele. pahili ladhau moheem 2 februwari roji jhaali, jee sadharanpane madhyam unchivar karyarat hotee aanee tyane suvera road brijvar yashasvi hallah keela.
vyavharyadrushtya pratyek upalabdh divashi operation chaloo rahile; lesar podmadhye ratrichya velee karyakshamta naslyamule ratri mohima jhalya naheet. iraqchya sainyachi halchal aanee dalanvalan maryadit karoon, buckenier-samarthit mohimandware andaje 20 raste pool nasht karnyat aale. irakmadhye aaghadichya jameeni sainyachya pragatichya sanyogane, buckeniersney bunker, dhavpattya aanee disalelya konatyahi vimanala lakshya karoon havaital bombsfot mohimankade valale; chakrivadalachya lesar-margdarshit shastrastranchya margdarshanakhali, buckeniers samanyatah aaspaschya urvarit sandhichya lakshyanvar dive-bombing dhavane aayojit karatat. 21 februwari 1991 roji eka ghatanet, eka jodine shaka mazar havaitalavar done iraqi vahtook vimane nasht kelee. aakhati yuddhadarmyan bookeniyarsne 218 mohima udavalya, jyat tyanni itar vimanansathi uddishte nishchit kelee aanee 48 lesar-margdarshit bomb takale.
1989 paryant chalalelya prakriyet mothya pramanat aadhunikikaran karoon, 1990 chya dashakachya akherparyant buckenier sevemadhye rahanyache mool niyojan karnyat aale hote; shityuddhachya samaptimule british sanrakshn dhoranat mothe badal jhaale, anek vimananna aavashyakatenusar atirikt manale jaat hote. asey tharvanyat aale qee see eagle kshepanastrashi susangatatesathi anek chakrivadal jee. aar. 1 madhye badal kele jaatil aanee rafchya sagari hallah mohimevar taba midavala jaeel aanee buchanier lavkar nivrutt hoil. buchanier buchanier squadranna chakrivadalane twarit punha susajj kele gele; 1993 chya madhyaparyant, 208 squadran haah yaa prakarcha ekmev urvarit chalak hota. march 1994 madhye 208 squadran visarjit jhalyavar shevatche buckenier mage ghenyat aale.
dakshin aafrikeche havai dall.
yooke vyatirikt buchanier chalavanara dakshin africa haah ekmev desh hota, jithe too 1965 teey 1991 paryant safchya sevet hota. janewari 1963 madhye, ess. 2 neey squadran sevet pravesh karnyapurvich, dakshin africene 16 spie-powered bookeniyars kharedi kele hote. haah aadesh symentown kararacha eka bhag hota, jyamadhye brittonne sagari shastranchya badalyat dakshin aafriketil symentown naudal talacha vapar keela. british pantpradhan harrold willson yanchya sarkarne aanakhi 20 kharedidaransathicha aadesh rokhala.
sagari hallyachya bhoomiket, saaf bookeniyars french redio-margdarshit 30 kshepanastrane sashastr hote. march 1971 madhye, bookeniyarsani 'vaphra' yaa eka tankerver 12-30 mhanoon golibar keela, parantu too budavanyat ayashasvi jhaala. prabhavi achook hallyansathi jaminivaril hallyanmadhyehi aii. ess.-30 kshepanastracha vapar keela gela, yache eka udaharan 1981 madhye aahe, jevha dakshin angolamadhil anek radar kendranvar hallah karnyasathi anek kshepanastrancha vapar keela gela hota. jaminivaril hallyasathi, saaf bookeniyarsne rotarii bomb bemadhye chaar bomb aanee underving stoarvar chaar bomb, flairs kinwa snabe rockett pack pylan vahoon nele. 1990 chya dashakat, asey ughad jhaale qee dakshin africene 1978 teey 1993 darmyan sahaa havetoon pohochavata yenyajogya samarik aanvik shastranchi nirmiti kelee hotee. atyant samruddha uranium asaleli hii aanvik shastre, jyacha andaje sphot utpadan 10-18 kilotan aahe, tee ektar buchanier kinwa canberra bombfekidware vitarit karnyasathi tayar kelee gelee hotee.
1970 aanee 1980 chya dashakat dakshin aafrikechya seema yuddhadarmyan saaf bookeniyarsne sakriy seva pahili, angola aanee namibiyavarun varanvar uddan karoon swapochya chhapamar chhavanivar halle kele. jaminivaril aakramanadarmyan, buckenier anekada karmcharivirodhi rockets sashastr havai sahayya (cass) mohima udavat asat, tasech bombsfot mohima karat asat. 1978 madhye cassingachya ladhait, shatruchya takyansah bakhtarband vahananvar varanvar halle karnyasathi aanee ladhau kshetratun maitripurna jaminivaril sainyachya magharche rakshan karnyasathi, bookeniyarsani mothee bhoomika bajavali. buckenier lamb pallyachya lamb pallyachya baher judd bhaar vahoon nenyas saksham hota aanee itar vimananpeksha jaast kaal theatermadhe rahoo shakat hota, jyamule too cass bhoomikesathi aakarshak banato. 3 janewari 1988 roji, 12 december 1987 roji qamee yashasvi prayatnannantar, sadufchya kharedidaranni raptor glide bombcha vapar karoon quito nadivaril mahattvacha pool nasht keela. 1991 madhye kharedidar sevetoon nivrutt hoiparyant keval paach vimane karyarat hotee.
itar.
buchanier karyakramachya suruvatila, americi naudalane vimanat saumya rus darshavila hota, parantu tyachya tulanatmak groomman aii-6 ghuskhoranchya vikasakade patkan vatchal kelee. paschim german naudalane adhik swarasya dakhavale aanee lockheed lachkhori ghotalyanmadhye paschim german sarkari sarkari laach dilyanantar, akheris lockheed lockheed tyachya sagari hallyachya garajesathi nirnay ghetala, taree tyane tyachya feriwalya sagari bajanna yaa prakarane badalanyacha vichar keela.
operator.
nagri sanchalak.
eka velee, thund havechya shaharat ekoon teen khajgi malkichya kharedidaranche kaam suru hote.
jiwant viman.
united kingadammadhe, ferivalyanchya shikari vimanchalanane buchanier ess. 2 "XX885" chee punha uddan sthitimadhye punarbandhani kelee aahe. april 2006 madhye tyala uddan karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee.
brittenmadhil paach buckenier (xn923, xn974, xw544, xx894 aanee xx900) jalad taxichya sthiteet aahet.

