
dakshin africa kayada 1909

dakshin africa kayada 1909 haah united kingdamchya sansadecha eka kayada hota jyane purvichya cape, nettle, aurange nadee aanee transwall vasahatinmadhun dakshin aafrikeche sangharajya tayar kele. yaa kayadyane rodeshiyachya sangharajyat sambhavya praveshas dekhil parvanagi dilee, haah prastav rhodesian vasahatinni 1922 chya sarvamatat fetalala. masuda prastavala chaar vasahatvadi sansadanni pathimba deela hota, parantu cape collany premiere doubleu. pii. shriiner, jyane chinta vyakt kelee qee teey dakshin aafriketil goryantar lokanche adhikar hiravoon gheil.
haah kayada haah british sansadene vividh british vasahatinna ekatra aananyasathi aanee kahee pramanat svayatta pradan karnyasathi manjur kelela tisra motha kayada hota. heey british uttar america kayada, 1867 dware kele gele hote, jyane canada prantala (ontario aanee kyubekmadhye vibhagale gele) nova skotiya aanee nyu brunswicks ekatra kele aanee austreliyache rashtrakul austreliya sanvidhan kayada, 1900 dware ekikaran kele.
parshvabhoomi.
anglo-boar yuddhanantar (1899-1902), brittonne dakshin aafrikeche prajasattak aanee aurange free steet, aataparyantchya done swatantra boar prajasattakanche punha vilinikaran kele. anukrame transwall vasahat aanee aurange river vasahat asey punarnamit karnyat aalelya yaa naveen pradeshanna brittonchya vidyaman dakshin africi pradeshanmadhye, cape vasahat aanee natalchya vasahatmadhye jodanyat aale. yaa chaar vasahatinna jawalun ekatra yenyasathi protsahit karane heey british sarkarche dhoran hote; 1907 madhye transwall vasahat aanee aurange river vasahat yanna jababdar sarkar manjur jhalyanantar, hii aakanksha african loksankhyekadehi vadhat hotee.
yaa rajkiy shaktincha parinam 1908chya rashtriy adhiveshanat jhaala, jyachi baithak 12 aktoobar 1908 roji jhaali aanee 11 meey 1909 roji tyache kaam purn jhaale. yaa adhiveshanane sarkari, vidhimandal aanee aarthik sanghachya atty aanee sanvidhanavar todga kadhala. heey prastav british sarkarkade pathvanyat aale, jyane yaa ichcha amalat aananyasathi eka vidheyak yogyaritya tayar kele. 20 september 1909 roji sansadene heey vidheyak manjur kele aanee 20 september 1909 roji united kingdamcha raja edward VII yane 31 meey 1910 roji dakshin aafrikechya sangharajyachi sthapana kelee jaeel asey jaheer kele. haah kayada, jyane moolatah dakshin africi rajya astitvat aanale, jyala aaj olakhale jaate, tyane pannas varshanhun adhik kaal dakshin africi sanvidhan mhanoon kaam kele, jyaa kalat westminsterchya kayadyane dakshin aafrikeche britainpasoonche sarvbhaumatva mothya pramanat vadhavale. jaree 1961 madhye dakshin africa prajasattak banala aanee rashtrakul sodale, taree 1909 chya kayadyachi moolbhut rachana tyachya jaagi, dakshin africa sanvidhan kayada prajasattak (1961 chaa 32) madhye jiwant rahili. tathapi, varnabhed kalatil sarkarne dakshin africa prajasattakache sanvidhan kayada (1983 chaa 110) hii naveen rajyaghatna amalat aanali tevha 1909 chya kayadyachi shevatchi khuna akheris 1983 madhye nahishi jhaali.
krutee.
sarkari rachana.
dakshin africa sangharajyachya sarkarchi rachana itar british rajyanchya sarkarsarkhich hotee. dakshin aafrikecha samrat asalelya british rajache pratinidhitva karnyasathi dakshin aafrikechya governor-generalchi niyukti karnyat aalee. karyakari adhikar samrat/governor-general yanchyakade nihit hote aanee karyakari parishadechya sallyanusar tyancha vapar keela jaat asey. dakshin africa kayadyane spashtapane tartud kelee nasali taree, dakshin aafrikechya pantpradhananche karyalay sarkar pramukh mhanoon twarit sthapit jhaale aanee itar sarkari mantryanpramanech, pantpradhan sansadechya konatyahi sabhagruhacha sadasya asane aavashyak hote. itar british rajyanpramanech, governor-generalne sansadechya khalchya sabhagruhatil sarvat mothya rajkiy pakshachya netyachi pantpradhan mhanoon niyukti kelee. pantpradhan jarr aadhich karyakari parishadeche sadasya nastil tarr tyanna karyakari parishad sadasya mhanoonahi shapath dilee jaat asey.
shasak, synet aanee vidhansabha yancha samavesh asalelya sansadet vidhimandalache adhikar nihit hote. sangharajyachya bahutansh astitvasathi, dakshin africa kayadyane pratyek prantala uchch sabhagruhat samaan pratinidhitva denyachi tartud kelee hotee, synet aanee sinetarsachi nivad vidhansabhetil prantachya sadasyanni aanee prantiy vidhimandalachya sadasyanni banalelya electoral kolejdware kelee jaat asey. varnabhed aanee dakshin africa prajasattakachya sthapanechya dishene paul taknyacha eka bhag mhanoon sinetchi rachana aanee nivadanuk nantar sudharit kelee jaeel. sansadechya khalchya sabhagruhat, vidhansabhet, pratyek prantache pratinidhitva tyanchya sambandhit loksankhyenusar pramananusar kele jaat asey aanee sadasya eka prantatil vaiyaktik jilhyanmadhun nivadle jaat asat. haus auph commons aanee haus auph lords yanchyatil sambandhanpramanech, vidhansabha sabhagruhala sinetpeksha adhik adhikar hote. synet aanee vidhansabha yanchyat matbhed jhalyas, governor-general kayadyacha aadhava ghenyasathi, sudharana karnyasathi aanee vidheykavar matdan karnyasathi donhi sabhagruhanchi sanyukt baithak bolavu shakatat. vidhansabha sabhagruh heey sinetpeksha khoop mothe asalyamule, konatyahi sanyukt baithakit sabhagruhachya majboot sthitiche rakshan karnyasathi hii vyavastha tayar karnyat aalee hotee. matbhed sodavanyachi ashich paddhat austreliyan sansad aanee bharatiy sansadet astitvat aahe, parantu austreliyan synet aanee rajyasabha heey anukrame austreliyan pratinidhi sabhagruh aanee loksabhechya ardhya aakarache aahet, tarr dakshin aafrikechi synet dakshin aafrikechya vidhansabhechya keval eka trutiyansh aakarachi hotee. austreliyan modelchya ulat (parantu bharatiy modelpramanech), sanyukt baithakipurvi konatihi duheri visangati nivadanuk jhaali nahee, jyamule vidhansabha aanee pantpradhananche synetvaril sthan aanakhi majboot jhaale.
yaa kayadyane dakshin aafrikeche sarvoch nyayalay dekhil sthapan kele, jeey sangharajyasathi eka ekikrut nyayalayin pranali mhanoon kaam karat hote aanee tyat sthanik, prantiy aanee apeal vibhagancha samavesh hota. prantanchi junie sarvoch nyayalaye dakshin aafrikechya naveen sarvoch nyayalayache prantiy vibhag banale. deshatil sarvoch nyayalay asalela apeal vibhag bloomfontein yethe basala hota. prevy kaunsilkade, visheshtah naudal prakarananmadhye aanakhi apeal karnyat aale hote. sansadiy kayade aanee prashasakeey kayadyancha adhikar nyayik aadhava united kingdampramanech hota. yavyatirikt, sarvoch nyayalay 1909 chya dakshin africa kayadyachya mool kalmanchya sansadiy sudharanancha aadhava gheu shakate.
pratyek prantache prashasana kendra sarkarne niyukt kelelya prashaskadvare kele jaat asey aanee eksadani prantiy parishadechya swarupat vidhimandal hote; parishadeche chaar sadasya prashaskashi miloon paach sadasyanchi karyakari samitee tayar karatat jee prantachi mantrimandal mhanoon kaam karate. british vasahatinchya mahasanghadvare varchasva gajavana canada aanee austreliyachya ulat, dakshin africa kayadyane eka kendrikrut, ekatmak rajya tayar kele. chaar prantanpaiki pratyek prant adhinastha ghatak banala aanee canadache prant kinwa austreliyan rajyanpeksha tyanchyakade khoopach qamee adhikar hote. tyamule dakshin aafrikeche sarkar agadi ghatanatmak drushtikonatun united kingdamchya sarkarsarkhech hote.
cape patra franchisee.
cape colonyne byanch kalapasoon gair-vanshik matadhikar pranaliche palan kele hote, jyamadhye matdanachya patratechi parva naan karata serve purushanna samanpane matadhikar lagoo keela jaat asey. union vataghatidarmyan, shevatcha cape pantpradhan, johnn ex. transkei aanee itar african samudayanche pratinidhitva karnare merriman aanee surr walter stanford yanni hii bahu-vanshiy matadhikar pranali urvarit dakshin aafriket vistaranyasathi ayashasvi ladha deela. pandhya rajvatit pravesh karnyacha nirdhar karananya itar ghatak rajyanchya pandhya sarkaranchya virodhamule tyancha prayatna ayashasvi jhaala.
dakshin africa kayadyane cape prantala tyachya paramparik matadhikaravar nirbandh thevanyachi parvanagi dilee, jyadvare patrata shikshan aanee sampattinusar serve nagarikancha matadhikar maryadit karate. yacha arth assa qee matdan yadeet rangeet (mishra-vanshatil lock) aanee kaale african lock asalele cape aanee agadi qamee pramanat janmathepeche lock. yaa kayadyane dakshin aafrikechya sansadela itar serve matdanachi patrata vihit karanyachi parvanagi dilee.
tathapi, yaa kayadyanusar, sansadela done trutiyansh matanni kepchya matdanachya aavashyakta badalanyacha adhikar denyat aala hota. pudhil kahee varshant, rangandhale matdaranchi hii yadee haloohaloo qamee karnyasathi sansadene kayada manjur keela.
1931 madhye, 21 varshanchi vayomaryada vagalata urvarit matadhikar patrata pandhya matdaransathi kadhoon taknyat aalee, parantu kalya aanee "rangeet" matdaransathi (matdar purush asanyachya maganisah) tee jaaga thevanyat aalee. 1956 madhye, varnabhed sarkarne 'bigger-goryansathi' uralele serve matadhikar kadhoon takale, jeey 'rangeet mutt ghatanatmak sankat' mhanoon olakhale gele.
jyaa kalat dakshin africa kayada haah dakshin aafrikechi rajyaghatna hotee, tyaa kalat yaa kayadyane krishnavarniy africi lokanche sanrakshn karnyasathi ekandarit farse kahee kele nahee aanee akheris pannas varshe rangbhed aanee vanshik bhedbhav sthapit karnyas saksham kele.
itar tartudi.
yaa kayadyane kayadyanusar samaan darja asalelya ingraji aanee dutch yaa dakshin aafrikechya adhikrut bhasha mhanoon sthapit kelya aanee serve sarkari kagadpatre aanee sansadiy karyavahi donhi bhashanmadhye prakashit karane aavashyak hote. aadhunik kalat, ingraji hii dakshin africa prajasattakachya adhikrut bhashanpaiki eka aahe. 1925 chya union kayadyachya adhikrut bhashandvare africanscha samavesh karnyasathi ducha vistar karnyat aala aanee 1961 chya sanvidhanat africansne tyachi jaaga ghetali.