
suilus lutius

suilus lutius hii eka ubdar burshi aahe aanee 'suilus' jaatichi prajati aahe. irelandpasoon teey koriyaparyant sampoorn eurasiamadhye aadhalanari eka samanya burshi, tee uttar aanee dakshin america, dakshin africa, austreliya aanee newzealands itaratra mothya pramanat aanali gelee aahe. ingraji bhashik deshanmadhye samanyatah nisarada jacq kinwa chikat bunn mhanoon sandarbhit, tyachi nave tapkiri topicha sandarbh detat, jee olya paristhitit vaishishtyapurnapane patal asate. 1753 madhye carl linaeus yanni suruvatila 'bollets lutius' (pivala mashroom) mhanoon varnan kelelya burashiche aata vegalya burshi kutumbat tasech vanshat vargikaran kele aahe. "suilus lutius" (aksharshah "pivala dukkar", pavasat telkat disalyamule) khadya aahe, jaree itar ukalatya mashroomsaitke jaast manale jaat nasale taree. heey samanyatah suup, stew kinwa talalelya padarthanmadhye tayar kele jaate aanee khalle jaate. matra, khanyapurvi kapalele naslyas, chikhalavaril aavarnamule apachan houu shakate. too anekada valalelya mashroomchya rupat vikala jaato.
hii burshi tyachya mool shrenitil shankuchya jangalanmadhye aanee tee naisargik banalelya deshanmadhye devdaranchya lagvadimadhye vadhate. teey vrukshachya bhoomigat mulanna burshijanya uutinchya aavaranane zakoon jiwant zadanshi sahajeevi ectomicorizal sambandh tayar karate. hii burshi unhalyat aanee sharad rututil kalat jaminichya varr, bahudha mothya sankhyene, bijkan-vahak falanche shareer tayar karate. 
falanchya sharirachya topicha aakar sahasa vayanusar sapat honyapurvi vishisht shankuchya aakaracha asato, joou vyasaparyant pohochato. itar bolletpramanech, tyat gilyanaivaji topichya khalchya bajukadoon khalchya dishene pasarlelya nalya asatat; tube ughadanyamadhun kinwa chhidranmadhun paripakv jhalyavar bijkan baher padatat. chhidrancha prushthbhag pivala asato aanee lahan asatana padadyane jhakalela aanshik burkha asato. fikat patti kinwa khod 10 centimeter (4 inch) unch aanee jaad asate aanee varchya bajula lahan thipke asatat. itar bahutek bolletchya vipareet, tyat eka vishisht patalakar vartul asate jee khalchya bajula tapkiri teey jambhalya rangachi asate.
vargikaran aanee namkaran.
nisarada jacq haah 1753 madhye 'vargikaran pita' carl linius yanni pahilyanda varnan kelelya anek prajatinpaiki eka hota, jyanni tyanchya 'speesheej plantrum' chya dusya khandat tyala 'bollets lutius' heey naav dile. vishisht visheshan lattin visheshan 'luteus' aahe, jyacha arth 'pivala' assa hoto. 1796 madhye french nisargshastradnya heinry francois ene dii russel yanni burashiche 'suilus' vansh mhanoon punarvargikaran kele (aanee tee prajati bunley). 'suilus' hii burashisathichi eka pracheen sandnya aahe aanee tee 'dukaranpasoon' vyutpann jhaali aahe. british mycological societyne manjur kelelya 'slippery jacq' yaa navavyatirikt, yaa bolletchya itar samanya navanmadhye 'pine bollets' aanee 'sticky bunn' yancha samavesh aahe-nantarche pasterieshy tyache samya darshavate.
german nisargshastradnya august bashes yanni 'buub' sobat 'bollets volvatus' (lattin 'volva' mhanje 'aavaran', 'aavaran' kinwa 'garbh' pasoon vyutpann vishisht visheshan) chey varnan kele aahe. lutyusne tyachya 1783 chya 'elencus fangoram' yaa pustakat mhatale aahe. bashney yaa donhi prajatinna 'buub' saha thewale. bovinus aanee aata aprachalit nave 'bollets mutabilis' aanee 'buub'. canus, "asha prakarchya bolitanchya samoohamadhye tyane" subuardo suili "asey naav dile. "bollets volvatus" haah shabd aata "suilus lutius" chaa samanarthi shabd manla jaato. anek lekhakanni nisarada jacq itar vanshanmadhye thewala aaheh finnish karkarogshastradnya pieter carsten yanni 1881 madhye tyache vargikaran 'cricunopus lutius' mhanoon kele-pivalya ednet tubedware paribhashit 'cricinopus' vansh; lucien queletne 1886 madhye 'visisipelis lutius' aanee 1888 madhye 'exocomus lutius' mhanoon vargikrut kele; aanee paul christophe henningsney 1900 madhye 'bolletopsis' vanshatil 'cricinopus' vibhagat thewale.
1987 purvi prakashit jhalelya kamanmadhye, nisarada jacq purnapane asey lihile gele hote, kaaran liniuschya varnanas 1821 madhye swedish nisargshastradnya elias magnus fries yanni 'father auph mycology' asey naav manjur kele hote. serve maykotasathi prarambhichi tarikh samanya kararanusar 1 janewari 1821 hii frieschya kamachi tarikh mhanoon nishchit karnyat aalee hotee. yavyatirikt, rauselchya 'suilus' chya varnanamule dekhil hyachya aadhi, yaa vanshasathicha adhikar british vanaspatishastradnya samuel fredrick grey yanna tyanchya 'british vanaspatinchi naisargik vyavastha' yaa tyanchya 1821 chya granthachya pahilya khandat denyat aala hota. 1987 chya aantarrashtriy vanaspatishastriy namkaran sanhitechya aavruttine burshijanya navansathichya suruvatichya tarkhevaril aanee prathamik kamache niyam badalale aanee aata nave 1 meey 1753 paryant, mhanje lineuschya kamachya prakashanachya tarkheparyant vaidh manali jaau shakatat. 1986 madhye, sweedenmadhil falanchya sangrahala "suilus lutius" chey neotype mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale.
uttar american "suilus" prajatinvaril tyanchya 1964 chya monographmadhye, alekzandar etch. smith aanee harry delbert theors yanni 's' chey vargikaran kele. suilus" yaa vanshatil "suilus" yaa vibhagachya "suilis" yaa maliketil lutius. yaa gatache vaishishtya mhanje ektar payavar eka angathi, topichya gabhashi chikatalela aanshik padada kinwa payala jodalela nasalela parantu suruvatila nalichya pokalila jhakanara 'khota padada'. suilus lutius' shhee jawalun sambandhit prajatinmadhye 'ess' samavisht aahet. seudobravipes "(eka bhagini prajati)", s. sankshipt aanee sankshipt. vivere (purviche 'phuscobolatinus vivere'). nucleotide dii. aine. aii. chya anuvanshik abhyasane yaa prajatinchya monophili aanee qamee anuvanshik vichalanas, ess. ess. chya samagrisah balkati dilee. united kingdam, austriya, germany aanee uttar americetil lutius, yaa prajatinchya tulanet, vansh tayar karatat. granulatus, jeey polyphylatic asalyache darshavile gele.
rangdravye aanee rangdravyanchya rasayanik vishleshanatun asey disun aale qee 'sulus' haah itar boletpeksha 'gomphidius' aanee 'raizopogan' shhee adhik jawalcha sambandh hota aanee mhanunach 'sulus lutius' aanee tyache sahyogi 1997 madhye 'boletesi' pasoon navyane gheralelya 'suellessy' kutumbat hastantarit karnyat aale. aanvik abhyasanni heey burshi 'bollets edulis' aanee tyachya mitranpasoon kitee durche sambandhit aahet heey adhik drudh kele aahe.
varnan.
topi chestnut, ganjaleli, olive tapkiri kinwa gadad tapkiri rangachi asate aanee samanyatah 4-10 centimeter (kvachitach 20 centimeter) vyasachi asate. topicha eka vishisht shankuchya aakaracha aakar asato, joou nantar sapat hoto. teey sparshasathi patal, ughade, gulgulit aanee korade asatanahi chamakdar asate aanee tvachechi tvacha sahaj solali jaate. nalikanchi lahan, golakar chhidre suruvatila pivali asatat parantu paripakvatesah oliveche gadad pivalya rangat rupantar karatat. topichya tvachepramane, teey sahajpane mansapasoon solale jaau shakatat.
topichya khalchya bajula hymenophore asalelya nalya khol asatat, jyat stipela sanlagnata ednetpasoon kahishi decurrentparyant asate. lahan namunyanmadhye chhidre 3 prati mii. mea. aanee paripakvatemadhye 1-2 prati mii. mea. ashee sankhya asaleli lahan asatat. payari unch aanee rund aahe. too fikat pivala aanee qamee-adhik pramanat dandgolakar asato, parantu tyacha paya sujalela asoo shakato. patalyukt aanshik burkha suruvatila pattila topichya kathashi jodato. jevha teey futate, tevha teey eka zillidar, latkanari vartul tayar karate. angathichi varchi bajoo pandhari asate, tarr khalchi bajoo vaishishtyapurnapane gadad tapkiri teey jambhalya rangachi asate. hii prajati ashee vartul asalelya 'suilus' vanshatil mojkya sadasyanpaiki eka aahe. ringchya varr, stipemadhye granthiy thipke asatat-rangdravyayukt peshinche sookshm guthalya. angathichya khalee, payari pandhari asate, kadhikadhi tapkiri chikhalane reshankit asate. damat paristhitit, ringchi rachana gelatinyukt asate. sampoorn burashiche pandhare maans kharab jhalyavar rangheen hott nahee aanee mauu asate-visheshtah paripakv namunyanmadhye. tyachi chav "sukhad" asate aanee tyat konatahi vishisht gandh nasato.
bijakananchi chhap geru kinwa chikanmati rangachi asate, 7-10 dware 3-3.5 micronium mojanare lamb lambvartulakar bijkan. bassidia (bijkan tayar karananya peshi) chaar bijkan asatat, jyanche pariman 4-5 microne meterne 14-18 asate. cystedia heey nalikechya donhi bajunvar (pleurosystedia) aanee kathanvar (chilosistidia), ektar vikhurlele kinwa, kvachitach, bundle mhanoon asatat. teey 20-35 chey mojmap 5-7 microne meterne karatat aanee tyancha aakar arund asato. clamp jodanya 's' chya hyphemadhye nasatat. lutius ".
samaan prajati.
sulus lutius" sathichya changlya kshetra vaishishtyanmadhye patal tapkiri topi, varchya payavar granthiche thipke aanee pramukh jambhalya rangachi ring yancha samavesh hoto. varanvar disanari prajati mhanje "suilus granulatus", jee tyach adhivasat aadhalanari aanakhi eka samanya, mothya pramanat vitarit aanee khadya prajati aahe. "suilus granulatus" heey pivale mansal asate aanee lahan asatana latexche themb baher kadhate, parantu bahutekanmadhye aanshik padada kinwa angathi nasate. tyashivay, visheshtah jarr devdarchya zadakhali tyache pasantiche nivassthan aanee pandhare aanshik padade manale gele tarr, 'suilus lutius' haah itar mashroomsashi gondhal honyachi shakyata nahee. europemadhye, sambandhit "sulus graville" haah larchchya khalee aadhalato aanee tyala pivali topi asate, tarr "gomphidius glutinosus" chey aparipakv falanche shareer varoon tulanatmak disu shakate parantu khalee chhidre nasoon gills asatat. uttar americet, "suilus borelis" aanee "ess. seudobrevipesmadhye dekhil aanshik burkha asatat, parantu tyat vishisht vartulancha abhav asato. lutius ".ess. cothernatus "hii pattivar pattasarkhi angathi tayar karate jee jambhalyaivaji tapkiri rangachi asate.
ess chya kahee namunyanmadhye. lutius, "aanshik burkha haah pattyapasoon (topichya kathapeksha) vegala hoto, jyamule topichya kathavar kapasache patte latakatat. yaa sthiteet, falanchya sharirancha aanee falanchya sharirancha gondhal houu shakato. albidipes. ess" chya ulat. tathapi, lutius. albidipes' chya payavar granthiche thipke nasatat.
vitaran aanee adhivas.
"suilus lutius" sampoorn uttar golardhat aadhalu shakato. moolcha eurasiacha, too sampoorn british betanvar pasarlela aahe. purvekade tyachi nond pakistanmadhun karnyat aalee aahe, jithe tee estore jilhyatil dashkinmadhil kalvyanjaval aanee purvekade dakshin koriyaparyant sapadali hotee. jagbharatil devdaranchya lagvadidvare itaratrahi yacha mothya pramanavar vapar keela gela aahe. heey zaad moolche californiache asale taree aanee tyamule burashichya mool shreneet nasale taree, teey samanyatah monterry pine ("pinus radiata") lagvadimadhye aadhalate. uttar americet too ishanya, vayavya aanee nairutya united statesmadhye aadhalato. ernst yaa doghannusar, charles horton peek yanni 1887 madhye pahilyanda suchavale qee newyork rajyat 'pinus sylvestries' varr burashichi olakh karoon denyat aalee. dii. aine. aii. abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee uttar americetil loksankhya european loksankhyepeksha anuvanshikdrushtya thodi vegali aahe, jyamule manvi kriyakalapanmule uttar americet burshi tulanene alikadech aalee yaa kalpanela samarthan milate. "suilus lutius" haah samudrakinari aanee dongral devdaranchya jangalat aadhalato aanee uttarekadil akshanshanchi sahishnuta darshavito. dakshin golardhatil thikane jethe pinechya lagvadisah nisarada jacq vadhato tyamadhye dakshin america, africa, austreliya aanee newzealand yancha samavesh aahe. nairutya austreliyamadhye, hii laat 1000 mii. mea. (40 inch) peksha jaast varshik parjanyaman asalelya kshetrapurati maryadit aahe. tyachi nond uttarekade agadi jawalche darling downes aanee dakshini queenslandparyant aanee kadhikadhi tasmaniyamadhye kelee gelee aahe. olya havamanachya kalavadhinantar, vasant rutoo, unhala aanee sharad rututil burshijanya fale byanpaiki vipul pramanat midatat. mashroom mothya tukadyanmadhye kinwa parikathanchya ringjamadhye disu shakatat.
ekodormadhye, cotopaxy rashtriy udyanachya aaspas "pinus radiata" lagwad mothya pramanat kelee gelee aanee "suilus lutius" bollets varshbhar mubalak pramanat disatat. 1985chya kshetra abhyasanusar, prati hector mashroomsche utpadan 3000-6000-prati varsh hector mashroomsche utpadan (korade vajan) assa andaj aahe. heey satatche utpadan itaratra asalelya bolletchya hangami swarupachya viruddha aahe. sthanik vanaspatinchya aaspaschya bhagat hii burshi aadhalat nahee. fale itaki vipul aahet qee nisaradya jackche peak heey mukhya kaaran banale aahe qee ikuadorchya kahee bhaganmadhye devdar lagwad kelee jaate kinwa tichi dekhbhal kelee jaate. 
dakshin brazilmadhye, too kateri devdaranchya lagvadimadhye nondavala gela aahe ("pru. elioti) pelotaschya nagarpalikanmadhye, reo grande doo sulmadhil nova petropolis aanee canella aanee paranamadhil columbo. heey visheshtah petagoniyatil lagvadimadhye samanya aahe. "suilus lutius" haah fockland betanvar aadhalanara sarvat samanya bollet aahe, jithe too vaayachya tadakhyanmadhye aanee baganmadhye aadhalato.
dakshin aafriket, bloomfontein, johannesburg aanee royal nettle rashtriy udyanat kadhikadhi 'suilus lutius' chee nond pineskhali kelee gelee aahe.
paryavaran.
"suilus lutius" hii eka agraganya prajati aahe jee samanyatah vann uttaradhikarachya suruvatichya tappyat swatahla sthapit karate. hii burshi scots pine ("pii. sylvestries), kaala devdar (pru. nigra), aanee macedonian pine (pii. europemadhye piyus) aanee laal devdar (pii. raal) aanee pandhara devdar (pru. strobus) uttar americetil. eka 'inn vitro' prayogane dakhavun dile qee hii prajati eleppo pine ('pii. halepensis) hii bhoomadhyasagariy pradeshatil punarvanikaranasathi vaparali jaanari eka pramukh prajati aahe. lodgepole pineshey sambandhit ectomicorisal burashicha abhyas ("pii. contorta) chilichya koyhaikjavalachya aakraman morchat asey disun aale qee anek aakramak zadanna 'ess' chee saath hotee. lutius haah ekmev micorizal bhagidar aahe.
burshi aanee yazman vanaspati yanchyat tayar jhalelya ectomicorizacha prabhav micorizospheremadhye asalelya matichya sukshmajivanvar padoo shakato. udaharanarth, 'penibacillus' aanee 'berkholderia' yaa vanshatil matitil jivanu mulanchya fandyanchi rachana badaltat, tarr 'basilus' prajati mulanchi vaadh aanee micorizal vasahatikaran vadhavtat. burshila vishisht matichi aavashyakta nasate parantu tee amleey aanee poshak tatvanchi kamatarata asaleli maatee pasant karate asey disate. "suilus lutius" hydroxamic acid-aadharit cyderophores tayar karate, jee sanyuge aahet jee loh chillet karoo shakatat aanee poshak-garib paristhitit teey matitoon kadhu shakatat. ignacio chapela aanee tyanchya sahakanyanni carbonchya grahanshaktiche vishleshan kele. lutius 'ikuaadormadhye, devdaranchya lagvadisah samapti. lutius matimadhye sathavalela carbon qamee karato aanee vatavaranatil carbon dioxidechya vadhatya patalivar haah upay asoo shakat nahee ashee chinta nirman karato.
yazman 'pinus sylvestries' shhee sambandhit asatana burshi judd dhatuchya visharipanaviruddha snrakshak parinam pradan karate, suyinmadhye tambe sathan rokhate aanee cademium visharipanapasun ropanche sanrakshn karate. laingik punarutpadanacha varanvar darr aanee loksankhyemadhye parinami honanya vyapak januk pravahamule, burshi vatavaranat judd dhatunchya vishari patalila sahan karnyasathi eka vaishishtya vegane vikasit karoo shakate. yaa rupantarasathicha anuvanshik aadhar-dhatoo-anukulit vanaspati aanee tyanchya burshijanya sahyogichya jaiv-upchar kshamatecha tapas karananya sanshodhakanna rochak-heey 's' chya genome kramane samavisht aahet. lutius, "2015 madhye prakashit.
"suilus lutius" yaa falanchya sharirala kadhikadhi alya yetat, jaree jawaljawal itakya vela nahee. granulatus kinwa buub. edulis.  maggotsmule honare nuksan ubdar mahinyanmadhye adhik samanya asate aanee thund havamanasah hangamat usheera kvachitach hote. eka finish abhyasat, sanshodhakanna asey aadhalale qee vishisht vann adhivasatun gola kelelya falanchya 70-95% prajati alyanni grast hotya; masha "mysetophila fangoram", "pegomiya depremata" aanee "pegohilemiya sylvatica" yaa sarvat samanya prajati hotya. yaulat, itar abhyasanni asey darshavile aahe qee devdarchya lagvaditun gola kelele falanche avashesh tulanene alyanpasun mukt asatat. burshi tyachya hyphechya prushthbhagavar auxalic acidche sookshm sphatik tayar karate, heey eka vaishishtya aahe jeey springtail prajati "falsomiya candida" dware charnyas pratibandh karnyas madat karate asey manale jaate.
khanyayogyata.
"suilus lutius" heey eka khadya mashroom aahe, parantu chikhal/pilipelis kadhoon takane aavashyak aahe. jaree kahee lekhak yala qamee darjache aanee samanyatah 'bollets pinophilus' sarkhya saha-udbhavananya prajatinpeksha nikrusht manatat, taree hii prajati slavic sanskratinmadhye eka swadisht manali jaate (russianmadhye 'maslayata' kinwa polishmadhye 'maslaki' mhanoon olakhali jaate, jee 'butterary' yaa shabdanpasun vyutpann jhaali aahe). 1940 chya dashkaparyant, jevha nantarchya prajatinmadhil vadhati ruchi pahilya prajatila grahan karat gelee, toparyant calabriamadhye, 'bollets edulis' peksha dekhil adhik maan deela jaat asey. suilus lutius' shhee susangat asalele mashroom chilihoon italila aanee 1970chya dashakapasun americet niryat kele jaatat. 2002 paryant, chilimadhil kapani karnanyanna sarasari yuu. ess. $0.5 prati kiloogram falanchya vastoo denyat aalya hotya.
burundimadhye, "suilus lutius" mashroom europechya lokanna bujumburamadhye "sapes" mhanoon vikale jaatat parantu samanyatah barundi teey khaat naheet. chilipasoon gola kelelya namunyanchya aadhare, bolletmadhye (koradya vajanachya takkevarinusar) 20 takke prathine, 57 takke karbodke, 6 takke charbi aanee 6 takke rakh asate. "aagney austreliyatil "pinus radiata" lagwad hii paryatakanchi aakarshane bunley aahet kaaran sharad rututil lock nisaradya jacq aanee kesher dudhachya topya ("lacterius delicios") ghenyasathi tyanchyakade yetat; visheshtah belanglo rajyachya jangalane mothya sankhyene polish charkanna aakarshit kele aahe.
nisaradya jacq uchalalyanantar phaar kaal thevat naheet. zitmar tyanna korade karnyasathi ayogya manatat, kaaran tyanche paanee khoop jaast aahe. teey talanyasathi kinwa ekte kinwa itar mashroom prajatinsah, stew aanee soopmadhye shijavanyasathi yogya asatat. matra, mashroom shuddha karanyachi shifaras kelee jaat naheeh "aamhi ekada suup banavanyasathi teey blenderdware chalavanyachi chook kelee. tyacha parinam assa jhaala qee, eka padarth hota joou wallpaper latkavtana vaparanyachi shifaras karato."ess. lutius aanee itar 'suilus' prajatinmule kahee lokanmadhye ellergychi pratikriya houu shakate kinwa patal tvachechya sevanane honanya pachanvishayak samasya udbhavu shakatat. burshi khanyapurvi adhik changli shijavali jaate aanee kahee lekhak swayampak karnyapurvi chikat tvachechi aanee nalya takoon denyachi shifaras karatat. shivay, tvacha itar burshi kharab karoo shakate, jyachya madatine nisarade jacq gola kele jaatat.
swast choorn. lutiuschya falanchya sharirala kadhikadhi adhik mahagadya 'buub' madhye jodale jaate. edulis mashroom suup powder hii eka fasavi paddhat aahe jee sukshmadarshakadvare shodhane katheen aahe kaaran ootee aata abadhit aahet. tathapi, arabitol aanee manitol yaa sakharechya alcoholchya vadhiv patalichi chachani karoon heey bhesal rasayanikdrushtya nishchit kele jaau shakate. dii. aine. aii.-aadharit paddhatidvare dekhil sarav nishchit keela jaau shakato joou ess. chya 1-2% chee bharr shodhanyasathi puresa sanvedanshil aahe. lutius 'teey' buub. edulisachi puud.