
paresi bhasha

paresi (jyala swatah bolanare haleeti-paresi kinwa paresi-haleeti dekhil mhanatat) hii brazilmadhye bolali jaanari aravakan bhasha aahe. tethe andaje 2000 paresi lock aahet aanee sumare 1800 (loksankhyechya ~90%) lock hii bhasha bolatat. paresi heey maato grosso rajyat, visheshtah nauu sthanik pradeshanmadhye rahatatah reo formoso, utiarity, estacao peresis, estivadinho, paresi, juninha, figuira, ponte dii pedra aanee uirapuru. dhokyachya babatit, too tatkal dhokyat nahee. anek dainandin kshetranmadhye yacha vapar keela jaato, parantu tarun pidhyanmadhye prasaranacha abhav aahe, tasech portugij bhashekade bhasheche badal spasht aahet. portugijancha shikshan aanee aarogyasevesathi vapar keela jaat aahe, tasech brazilchya sanskratiche paresi lokanmadhye ektrikaran, tyanchya bhasha aanee sanskrutik paddhatinmadhye badal ghadavun aanane, yacha haah parinam aahe.
parshvabhoomi mahitee.
itihas.
portugij vasahatikaranchya samparkat aalyane paresi bhashik lock khoop prabhavit jhaale hote, jyanna teey pahilyanda 1718 madhye bhetale. 100 varshanhun adhik kaal tyanna maato grosomadhye khaan kamgar mhanoon gulam kele gele. paresi bhashik rubber-ghandat bhagat rahat asalyane, 19 vya shatkachya uttaradhat anekanna tyanchya gharatoon hakaloon denyat aale kinwa sambhavya tappersdware margdarshak mhanoon nele gele; heey shoshan aanee aakramakta tyanna 20 vya shatkat jawaljawal namshesh honyachya dishene nenar hotee. ankieta mandalichya anek catholic dharmpracharkanni paresi mulanna boarding skoolmadhye jabardastine dakhal kele, jithe tyanchi bhasha dadapanyache prayatna kele gele aanee sthanik vayamere lokankadoon sampoorn utiarity kshetravar niyantran midavale.
yaa serve vyatyayamule ektar namshesh jhalyamule kinwa itar gatanmadhye villin jhalyamule, tasech bahutek gatanmadhye peresiaivaji brazilian portugij bolanyakade badal jhalyamule peresiche anek upasamuh nasht jhaale. tathapi, kahee gut ajunahi paresi paramparik sanskrutik paddhati tasech bhasha rakhanyasathi prayatna karat aahet, jase qee kozreen jeey paramparik bear aanee bread tayar karatat aanee paresi shirastran aanee scurt ghalatat.
bhasha kutumb aanee samooh.
paresi haah dakshin americetil sarvat mothya aanee vyapak bhasha kutumbanpaiki eka asalelya aravak bhasha kutumbatil aahe. payane (1991) yanni bhasheche vargikaran nishchit karnyasathi lexical retentioncha vapar keela aanee paresila madhyavarti shakhet thewale. eikhenwald (1999) aanee ramirez (2001) yanni paresi-bhasha shakhet paresicha gut keela.
dastaivaj.
paresisathi kahee kagadpatre aahet. rekhachitra vyakaranane pravachan, kalam aanee shabd sanrachaneche (rovan aanee berges 1969) prathamik varnan mhanoon kaam kele. utiarity bhagat bolalya jaananya vividhatevar aadharit eka prathamik shabdakosh sankalit karnyat aala aahe (rovan 1978). dhvanyatmak karya dekhil kele gele aahe (rovan 1961,1963,1964aii, 1964bii, 1967,1972,1977), adhik visheshtah vayamere bolichya dhvanyatmak aanee dhvanyatmakatesah (drude 1995) aanee vaishishtya bhoomiticha vapar karoon pramukh paresi prakaranche dhvanyatmak varnan (silva 2009). brandone kriyapadache varg, kaal, pailu aanee paddhati (brando 2010) yanchyashi sambandhit maukhik aakarvidnyan varnan lihile aahe. nakaratmakata, pailu aanee manahsthitichya sandarbhat karyatmak rupankananna sambodhit karnare eka aakarsangati varnan dekhil lihile gele aahe (silva 2013). maato grosochya rajya vidyapithatil padvipurv paresi bhashikanni lihilelya vidyarthi prabandhanvyatirikt itar shaikshanik sahitya (paresi aanee janewari 2011) upalabdh aahe.
museu doow indiomadhye glaber romlingdware samanvayit, paresisathi eka chaloo bhasha prakalp aahe. pauranik katha aanee samajik bhashik mulakhatinchya swarupat bhashanachya mahitiche vishleshan karnyasathi moolbhut abhilekheey aanee bhashik prashikshan deuun sthanik samudayala sahbhagi karoon ghene heey yaa prakalpache uddisht aahe.
dhvanyatmakata.
vyanjan.
paresimadhye 17 parasparvirodhi vyanjan dhwani aahet, jyat teen kirkol dhwani aahet jeey keval atishay maryadit sandarbhat disatat. yaa kirkol dhvanimudranche tyanche swatache dhwanimudran mhanoon vishleshan kele jaate, kaaran bhashetil itar palatelised vyanjan allophone vipareet, heey dhwanimudran/a/chya aadhi shabd-prarambhikpane disu shakatat, jeey paletalisationla chalana denar naheet.
swar.
paresimadhye 6 parasparvirodhi swar aahet, jaree anunasik swar teey udbhavu shakatat tyaa sandarbhat pratibandhit aahet aanee kadhikadhi tyanchya maukhik samatulyanche jordar swar aahet, tarr pudhil anunasik swar heey tyanchya sambandhit maukhik swaranna purak vitaran asalele ekmev aahet. peresimadhye rhinoglotophiliacha eka prakar disun yeto, jyamadhye antim aksharaparyantchya glottle frecative prarambhas lagoon asalelya swaranna anunasik kele jaate aanee shvasochavasache dhwanikaran pradarshit hote. 
aakarvidnyan.
paresi hii eka bahusanshleshit bhasha aahe, jichya morphim seema spasht aanee vishleshan karane sope aahe. bhashemadhye sanlagnata khoop faldayi asatat, jyat upsarg pramukhyane kriyapadanshi aanee kahee sandnyanshi jodale jaatat jyamule sthitivachak vidhey tayar hotat. sandnya aanee kriyapadansathi pratyayanche vegvegale sanch astitvat aahet; nammatra pratyay heey encode malki aanee bahuvachan, aanee maukhik pratyay heey encode pailu, sanyojakta badal aanee sankhya. vaiyaktik aanee clausel clitic heey barech aahet, jyat vaiyaktik clitic heey malki aanee vishay chinhankit karatat aanee clausel enclitics heey bhavishya, bhootkal kinwa avastavateche sanket detat. navvachak (sandnyanpurvi disanare) aanee kriyavisheshan pratyakshik dekhil vyapak aahet, navatmak pratyakshikanmadhye 4-marg vibhajan aaheh nikatvarti, madhya, durvarchya aanee gair-drushya, tasech sankhyetil farak.
vaiyaktik sarvanam.
truteey vyakti sarvanam heey nikatvarti aanee madhya pratyakshik, iz aanee hattio sarkhech aahet. hya doghanmadhye shabdarachanatil thodasa farak aahe, fakt heey vagalata qee hattiola truteey vyakti ekvachan pratikshipt pratibimbit karnyasathi/haah-/ asey cliticise kele jaau shakate, anyatha truteey vyakti vaiyaktik sarvanam pratyakshikansarkhech asatat. 
sarvanamyukt clitics.
sarvanamatmak clitics kriyapadanvaril vishay karar pratibimbit karatat, jyat abhikartatmak kriyapadanvar gunankan vishay karar nishchit keela jaato aanee abhikartak kriyapadanvar bii chinhankit vishay karar aanee sandnyanvar taba seet keela jaato. pratyay/- neey/heey eka samanya bahuvachan aahe jeey/- haah/vishisht asanyabarobarach, truteey vyakti bahuvachanasah vaparale jaate. kaaran hii clitic anivarya aahet, paresi hii jordarpane drop-samarthak bhasha aahe aanee vishay sarvanam aichchhik aahet.
sanyojakta badal.
paresimadhye kriyapadansathi sanrachanatmakdrushtya qamee hott asalelya sanyojakateche teen prakar aaheth nishkriy asthir/- oa/, prativartak/- vi/aanee paraspar/- kakoa/. pratyay/- oa/kahee sankramanshilansathi madhyam aavaj vyakt karnyasathi vaparla jaato, aekhadyachya sharirachi sthitee badalanyachya kinwa swatachi kalji ghenyachya vividh kriyapadansathi pratikshipt aanee haanee kinwa hanichya anek kriyapadansathi nishkriy.
pratyay/- vii/haah adhik saral prativartak aahe aanee samanyatah done atishay bhinn yuktivad asalelya kriyapadansah vaparla jaato, jeey/- oa/dware prativartak banavalelya kriyanchya ulat asatat. paraspar/- kakoa/chaa vapar duheri bahuvachan aakarvidnyanasaha anek paraspar jodya darshavinyasathi keela jaau shakato aanee paraspar sahbhaginna soochit karnyasathi kriyapadachya vyatirikt sandnyeshi dekhil jodala jaau shakato jyamule teey "visangat paraspar" banate.
karanvachak upsarg/a-/, kinwa karanatmak pratyay/- ki/, kinwa donhi jodoon sanyojakta vadhavali jaate. / moca/yaa kriyapadanantar dekhil karanatmak ghatak tayar houu shakatat.
maukhik paddhat.
paresi paddhat aanee shabdik vastavikatechi abhivyakti hii ukt kriyapadanmadhil spashtateshi jodaleli aahe. paresichya teen prati-vastusthiti paddhati aaheth nirashajanak (eka krutee jee durdaivane sadhya jhaali nahee kinwa apekshepramane jhaali nahee), sanshayatmak (krutee kharee asoo shakate kinwa nasoo shakate) aanee vanchhaniy (krutee vaktyala havee asate). tyaa teenpaiki pahile done, saksh aanee nishchitata yaat farak karatat.
ekhadi krutee sadhya jhaleli nahee kinwa purn houu shakali nahee kinwa purn houu shakali nahee heey darshavinyasathi nirashajanak chinhak/zavor ~ zakor/vaparale jaate aanee tee ukt krutee vyakt karananya khandachya aadhi yete kinwa kann mhanoon karya karate aanee avanchhit parinam darshavate.
itar nirashajanak chinhak/motya/soochit karate qee heey kriyapad aekhadyachya drushya puravyanvarun ghetalelya gruhitkanshi kinwa apekshanshi virodhabhas darshavate. jarr ekhadyala aakash dhagal asalyache disale aanee tyatoon paus padanyachi apeksha hotee, parantu nantar paus padala nahee, tarr teey khalilpramane uchcharatilah
done sanshayatmak chinhak,/zamani/aanee/kaala/nishchitatechya patalyanmadhye bhinn aahet, rachanare asey kahitari chinhankit karatat jyabaddal vakta agadi anishchit aahe, tarr nantarche eka sampoorn nasalele, parantu uchch patalivaril nishchitata darshavate, vakta kadachit swatah dekhil yaa ghatanecha sakshidar asel.
shevati, pratham vyaktichi ichcha darshavinara ichchit chinhak/katsani/asato.
vakyarachana.
paresi hii eka namvachak-aaksheparh bhasha aahe, jyamadhye sankramanshil aanee akarmak kriyapadanche vishay samanpane chinhankit kele jaatat aanee sankramanshil kriyapadacha uddesh vegalya prakare asato. paresi ughadpane prakaran chinhankit karat nahee, parantu pramukhyane shabd kramane vishay aanee vastoo darshaviteh jyaa vakyanmadhye object sarvanam nahee tyaa vakyanna sahasa vishay-object-kriyapad krambaddha kele jaate, 
aanee sarvanamyukt vastoo asaleli vakye samanyatah vishay-kriyapad-vastoo mhanoon krambaddha kelee jaatat.
vyakti aanee vishayanchi sankhya nehmi kriyapadachya upasarganni chinhankit kelee jaat asalyane, aadhich sadar kelele vishay bahutek vela vagalale jaatat. jarr object sthapit asel aanee tisari vyakti asel, tarr too sahasa object pratyay "-aine" chya bajoone dekhil takala jaato, mhanoon vakye varanvar oo. vhee., ess. vhee. kinwa fakt vhee. asatat.
tathapi, paresi hii eka atishay vishay-kendrit bhasha asalyane, sarvat sambandhit mahitee, tee vastoo kinwa vishay asso, vakyat pratham thewali jaate, jyamule paresimadhye oo. ess. vhee. haah eka atishay samanya shabd kram banato, jyamule yuktivad bhinn vyakti kinwa sankhyanche naslyas kahee sandigdhata nirman hote.
yaa prakarananmadhye vishay chinhak 'etyo', joou naveen sambhashanacha vishay chinhankit karato kinwa kendrabindu chinhak 'alah', joou sahasa pahilya sthanavar halavalelya vastoola chinhankit karato, asey spasht kele jaau shakate. tathapi, heey aichchhik aahet, mhanoon vishay aanee uddesh kadhikadhi sandarbhanusar olakhale jaane aavashyak aahe.
paresi vakyanmadhyehi adhunmadhun oo. vhee. ess. shabd kram asatoh
shabdarth.
ankee.
paresimadhil pahilya chaar sankhya yaa shabdik vastoo aahet (khalee soochibaddha) aanee 4 peksha jaast asaleli konatihi vastoo sharirache bhag (mhanjeh bote, bote, haat, paay) vaparoon bases-5 vaparoon mojali jaate (brando, 2014).
parimanak.
paresiche khaleel parimanak aaheth 'tyotya' 'serve', 'kahare' 'anek, khoop', 'inira' 'kahee' aanee 'taita' 'fakt'. pahile teen sarvanam mhanoon swatantrapane disu shakatat aanee charahi sandnya sudharit karatat. "tyotya", "kahare" aanee "inira" heey sandnyanchya aadhi aanee nantar donhi thikani disu shakatat, tarr "inira" heey keval sandnyanchya aadhi disu shakate. pratyakshikanpramane, heey parimanak vaiyaktik clitic aanee pailu chinhak dekhil gheu shakatat, jeey samanyatah fakt kriyapadanvar aadhaltat (brando, 2014).
"kahare' 'anek, barech' heey gananiy sandnya aanee aganit sandnya donhi gheu shakate. udaharananmadhye (24) aanee (25) anukrame clitic aanee aspect marker ghetalele 'kahare' darshavtat.
"inira" heey sandnyanpurvi disate aanee udaharanat (26) darshavilele bahuvachan-"neey" dekhil gheu shakate.
"taita" heey sandnyechya aadhi kinwa nantar yeu shakate, parantu teey swatache swatantra sarvanam mhanoon disat nahee. (29) madhye, 'taita' haah ashabdik vidhey mhanoon vaparla jaat aahe.