samamiti

dainandin bhashet samamiti () mhanje susanvadi aanee sunder praman aanee santulanachi bhavna hoy. ganitat, yaa shabdachi adhik achook vyakhya aahe aanee sahasa anuvad, pratibimb, paribhraman kinwa scaling yasarkhya kahee parivartananmadhye aparivartaniy asalelya vastoocha sandarbh denyasathi vaparali jaate. jaree yaa shabdache heey done arth kadhikadhi vegale sangitale jaau shakatat, taree teey guntaguntichya drushtine sambandhit aahet aanee mhanunach yaa lekhat ekatra charcha kelee aahe.
ganiteey samamitiche nirikshan kalantarane, avkashiy sambandh mhanoon, bhaumitik parivartanandvare, itar prakarchya karyatmak parivartanandvare aanee saiddhantik pratimansah amoort vastooncha eka pailu mhanoon, bhasha aanee sangeet yaa sandarbhat kele jaau shakate.
haah lekh samamitiche varnan teen drushtikonatun karatoh ganitat, bhoomitisah, anek lokansathi sarvat parichit prakarchi samamiti; vidnyan aanee nisargat; aanee qalaa, jyat vastukala, qalaa aanee sangeet yancha samavesh aahe.
samamitichya ulat mhanje asamamiti, jee anupasthiti kinwa samamitiche ullanghan darshavate.
ganitat.
bhoomitimadhye.
jarr bhaumitik aakar kinwa vastoo done kinwa adhik samaan tukadyanmadhye vibhagali jaau shakate jee sanghatit paddhatine mandanyat aalee asel tarr tee samamiteey asate. yacha arth assa qee jarr ekhadya vastuche vegvegale tukade halavanare, parantu ekoon aakar badalat nasalele parivartan asel tarr ekhadi vastoo samamiteey aahe. samamiticha prakar haah tukadyanchi rachana karnyachya paddhatinusar kinwa parivartanachya prakaradvare nirdharit keela jaatoh
tarkshastrat.
jarr serve ghatkansathi 'aaa', 'buub' heey 'rabb' madhye asel, tarr jevha jevha 'rabb' heey kharey asel, tevha 'aar. bii. aii.' heey dekhil kharey asel, tarr 'aar' = 'ess' × 'ess' haah dvibhashik sambandh samamiteey asato. asha prakare, 'vay' haah sambandh samamiteey aahe, kaaran jarr paul heey merisarkhech vay asel tarr merrie heey paulsarkhech vay aahe.
prastavatmak tarkshastrat, samamiteey dvisangi tarkik sanyojkanmadhye "aanee" (Â, kinwa &) ", kinwa" (Â, kinwa) yancha samavesh hoto. .) aanee "jarr aanee fakt jarr" (′), tarr sanyojak "jarr" (′) samamiteey nahee. itar samamiteey tarkik sanyojkanmadhye "nand" (aanee nahee, kinwa), "zore" (dvishati nahee, kinwa), aanee "norr" (kinwa nahee, kinwa) yancha samavesh hoto.
ganitachi itar kshetre.
mageel vibhagatil bhoomitiy samamitivarun samanyikaran kartana, ekhadi ganiteey vastoo dilelya ganiteey karyasandarbhat "samamiteey" aahe asey mhanoo shakate, jarr, jevha vastuvar lagoo kele jaate, tevha hii karyapaddhati vastoocha kahee gunadharm rakhoon thevate. objectcha dilela gunadharm jatan vibhajit operationscha sanch eka gut tayar karato.
sarvasadharanpane, ganitatil pratyek prakarchya sanrachanechi swatachi samamiti asel. udaharananmadhye kalanshastratil summ aanee visham karye, amoort bijganitache samamiteey gut, rekheey bijganitetil samamiteey matricks aanee gallois siddhantatil gallois gut yancha samavesh hoto. sankhyikimadhye, samamiti hii samamiteey sambhavyata vitaran mhanoon aanee tirakasta mhanoon-vitarananchi vishamata mhanoon dekhil prakat hote.
vidnyan aanee nisarg.
bhautikshastrat.
bhautikshastratil samamitiche samanyikaran konatyahi prakarchya parivartanakhali, udaharanarth aniyantrit samanvay parivartananmadhye, aparivartaniyata-mhanje badalacha abhav-assa keela gela aahe. hii sankalpana saiddhantik bhautikshastrachya sarvat shaktishali sadhananpaiki eka bunley aahe, kaaran heey spasht jhaale aahe qee pratyakshatil serve nisarg niyam samamitimadhye udbhavtat. kharey tarr, yaa bhoomikemule nobel paritoshik vijete pii. doubleu. anderson yanna tyanchya vyapakpane vachalelya 1972 chya lekhat "adhik vegale aahe" asey lihinyas prerana midali qee "bhautikshastra haah samamiticha abhyas aahe asey mhanane prakaranala kinchit jastiche aahe."noetherche pramey pahaa (jeey, atishay sopya swarupat, asey sangate qee pratyek satat ganiteey samamitisathi, urja kinwa gatee yasarkhe sambandhit sanrakshit praman asate; noetherchya mool bhashet sanrakshit pravah); aanee wignerche vargikaran, jeey mhanate qee bhautikshastrachya niyamanchya samamiti nisargat nisargat kananche gunadharm nirdharit karatat.
bhautikshastratil mahattvachya samamitimadhye avkashiy velechi satat samamiti aanee swatantra samamiti, kananchi antargat samamiti aanee bhautik siddhantanchi atisamamiti yancha samavesh hoto.
jivashastrat.
jivashastrat, samamitichi kalpana bahudha sharirachya aakaranche varnan karnyasathi spashtapane vaparali jaate. manavansah, ubhaychar prani, sharirala davya aanee ujavya ardhya bhagat vibhajit vibhajit sagittal pratalachya sandarbhat qamee-adhik pramanat samamiteey asatat. eka dishene dishene pranyanna varchya aanee khalchya bajoo, doke aanee shepatichya tokanchi aanee tyamule davi aanee ujavi bajoo asane aavashyak aahe. doke tond aanee indriyanmadhye visheshikrut hote aanee snayu aanee sangadyanchya ghatakanchya samamiteey jodyansah halchal karnyachya uddeshane shareer dwaipakshik samamiteey hote, jaree antargat avyav anekada asamamiteey rahatat.
sagari enemonsasarkhya vanaspati aanee judd (sanlagn) pranyanmadhye anekada trijaliy kinwa firki samamiti asate, jee tyanna anukool asate kaaran ann kinwa dhoke konatyahi dishene yeu shakatat. starfish, see archin aanee see lilly yancha samavesh asalelya gatatil ichinodermmadhye paach putt samamiti aadhalate.
jivashastrat, samamitichi kalpana bhautikshastrapramanech vaparali jaate, mhanje abhyas kelelya vastoonchya gunadharmanche varnan karnyasathi, tyanchya parasparsanvadasaha. jaivik utkranticha eka ullekhaneey gunadharm mhanje naveen bhag aanee gatishilatechya swarupashi sambandhit samamititil badal.
rasayanshastrat.
rasayanshastrasathi samamiti mahattvachi aahe kaaran tee nisargatil renunmadhil serve "vishisht" parasparsanvadanna aadhar dete (i.eae., naisargik aanee manavnirmit kieral renunchya swabhavik kieral jaivik pranalinshi parasparsanvadvare). aadhunik rasayanik sanshleshanat tayar jhalelya renunchya samamitiche niyantran heey kiman dushparinamansaha upcharatmak hastakshep karanyachi shastradnyanchi kshamata vadhavanyas madat karate. samamitichi sakhol samaj quantum rasayanshastratil aanee spectroscopy aanee crystallographychya lagoo kshetranmadhil moolbhut nirikshane spasht karate. bhautik vidnyanachya yaa kshetranmadhye samamiticha siddhant aanee vapar samooh siddhantachya ganiteey kshetravar mothya pramanat avalambun asato.
manasshastra aanee majjasansthemadhye.
manvi nirikshakasathi, kahee samamitiche prakar itaranpeksha adhik thalak asatat, visheshtah sarvat thalak mhanje ubhya akshasah pratibimb, jase manvi manvi asate. ernst mcney heey nirikshan tyachya 'sensitionche vishleshan' (1897) yaa pustakat kele aahe aanee yacha arth assa aahe qee samamitichi dharana haah serve prakarchya niyamitatesathi samanya pratisad nahee. vartanukishi nigadit aanee neurophysiological abhyasanni manavanmadhye aanee itar pranyanmadhyehi pratibimb samamitichya vishesh sanvedanshilatechi pushti kelee aahe. gestalt paramparetil prarambhik abhyasanni asey suchavale qee dwaipakshik samarupata haah aakalansheel gatatil pramukh ghatakanpaiki eka hota. yala samamiticha niyam mhanatat. anek abhyasanmadhye gut aanee aakruti/ground organizationmadhye samamitichya bhoomikechi pushti jhaali aahe. udaharanarth, jevha haah ekach vastoocha gunadharm asato tevha paravartan samamiticha shodh ghene jalad hote. manvi dharana aanee manobhautiki abhyasatoon asey disun aale aahe qee samamiti shodhane jalad, karyaksham aanee vikshobhansathi majboot aahe. udaharanarth, 100 teey 150 milisekandanchya darmyanchya sadarikaranane samamiti shodhali jaau shakate.
alikadil neuroimaging abhyasanni samamitichya aaklan darmyan menduche konate bhag sakriy aahet yache dastaivajikaran kele aahe. sasaki aanee itar. samamiteey kinwa yadruchchik thipkyansah namunyansathichya pratisadanchi tulana karnyasathi karyatmak chumbakeey anunad imaging (eff. emm. aar. aay.) vaparale. ausipital cortexchya bahya bhagat eka majboot kriyakalap upasthit hota parantu prathamik drushya cortexmadhye nahee. bahya pradeshanmadhye v3a, v4, v7 aanee parshvik pashchiy sankul (lock) yancha samavesh hota. electrophysiological abhyasanmadhye usheera pashch nakaratmakata aadhalali aahe jee tyach bhagatoon udbhavate. sarvasadharanpane, drushya pranalicha eka motha bhag drushya samamitivar prakriya karnyat guntalela disato aanee yaa kshetranmadhye vastoo shodhanyasathi aanee olakhanyasathi jababdar asalelyansarkhech jaale samavisht asate.
samajik sanvadat.
lock vividh sandarbhanmadhye samajik parasparsanvadache samamiteey swaroop, bahutekda asamamiteey santulanasah, pahatat. yamadhye parasparsanvad, sahanubhooti, sahanubhooti, maafee, sanvad, aadar, nyay aanee sudbuddhi yanche moolyankan samavisht aahe.
chintanshil santulan mhanje samanya tattve aanee vishisht nirnayanmadhye vicharpurvak paraspar samayojan karoon prapt karata yenara samtol.
samamiteey parasparsanvad naitik sandesh pathavtat "aapan serve samaan aahot" tarr asamamiteey parasparsanvad sandesh pathvu shakatat "mea vishesh aahe; tumchyapeksha changla aahe."samvayask sambandh, jase qee suvarn niyamane niyantrit kele jaau shakatat, teey samamitivar aadharit asatat, tarr shakti sambandh heey asamamitivar aadharit asatat. samamiteey sambandh kahee pramanat samamiteey khelanmadhye khelanmadhye sopya (khel siddhant) dhoranandware rakhale jaau shakatat, jase qee titt phaur taat.
kalanmadhye.
kiman kahee pramanat, samamiti aanee qalaa yanchyashi nigadit asalelya niyatkalikanchi aanee vruttapatranchi yadee astitvat aahe.
sthapatyashastrat.
gothick cathedral aanee white haus sarkhya imaratinchya ekoon bahya drushyanpasun, vaiyaktik majlyavaril yojananchya mandanidware aanee tyle mozaksarkhya vaiyaktik bandhkam ghatakanchya rachaneparyant, pratyek staravar samamitiche sthapatyakalet marg shodhatat. tajmahal aanee lotfullah mashidisarkhya islami imarati tyanchya sanrachanet aanee tyanchya alankarat samamiticha vistrut vapar karatat. alhambra sarkhya koradya imarati anuvadatmak aanee paravartan samamiti tasech paribhraman vaparoon banavalelya jatil namunyanni sushobhit kelya aahet.
asey mhatale gele aahe qee keval white vastuvisharad 'khand, vastuman aanee sanrachananchya samamiteey mandani' varr avalambun asatat; aantarrashtriy shailipasoon suruvat karnari aadhuniktavadi vastukala, tyaeivaji 'pankhanvar aanee vastumanachya santulanavar' avalambun asate.
matichi bhandi aanee dhatuchya bhandyanmadhye.
matichya patranna aakar denyasathi matichya bhandyanchya chakancha sarvat aadhi vapar jhalyapasun, matichya bhandyancha samamitishi drudh sambandh aahe. chaak vaparoon tayar keleli matichi bhandi tyachya cross-sectionmadhye purn rotational samamiti prapt karate, tarr ubhya dishene aakarache lakshaniy swatantrya dete. yaa swabhavikpane samamiteey prarambhik binduvar, pracheen kalapasoon kumbharanni drushya uddishte sadhya karnyasathi firki samamitimadhye badal karnare namune jodale aahet.
cast metalchya patranmadhye chakanni banavalelya matichya bhandyanchi antarnihit firki samamiti navhati, parantu anyatha jyanni tyancha vapar keela tyanna aanandadayak namunyanni tyanche prushthbhag sajavanyachi samaan sandhee dilee. udaharanarth, pracheen chiinii lokanni ii. sha. puu. puu shatkachya suruvatilach tyanchya kansya castingmadhye samamiteey namune vaparale. kansya jahajanni dwaipakshik mukhya rachana aanee punaravrutti anuvadit seema rachana yaa donhiche pradarshan kele.
galiche aanee gadyanmadhye.
galicha aanee galichechya namunyanmadhye samamiti vaparanyachi eka pradirgh parampara vividh sanskratinmadhye pasarleli aahe. american navajo bharatiyanni thalak karn aanee aayatakruti rachana vaparlya. anek prachya kalinanmadhye guntaguntichi pratibimbit kendre aanee seema asatat jyaa eka namunyache bhashantar karatat. aashchary mhanje, aayatakruti galichyanmadhye samanyatah aayatakruti samamiti asatat-mhanje, rachana jyaa aadvya aanee ubhya donhi akshanvar paravartit hotat (pahaa).
rajkamanmadhye.
pratyek lahan tukadyat samanyatah kapad trikon asatat, tyamule rajai chauras thokalyanpasun (samanyatah 9,16 kinwa eka thokalyasathi 25 tukade) tayar kelya jaatat, tyamule hastakala samamitichya vaparasathi sahajpane swatahla udhar dete.
itar qalaa aanee hastakala.
serve prakarchya vastoonchya rachnet samamiti disun yetat. udaharananmadhye manyanche kaam, furniture, valuchi chitre, gathiche kaam, mukhavate aanee vadye yancha samavesh hoto. samamiti yaa m chya kalechya kendrasthani aahet.see. esture aanee qalaa aanee hastakala prakaranmadhye tessellation anek anuprayog jase qee wallpaper, islamik bhaumitik sajavat, batik, ikat, galicha tayar karane aanee anek prakarche kapad aanee bharatkam namune yasarkhya syremic tilework.
logochya rachnet dekhil samamiticha vapar keela jaato. greedver logo tayar karoon aanee samamiticha siddhant vaparoon, designer tyanche kaam vyavasthit karoo shakatat, samamiteey kinwa asamamiteey rachana tayar karoo shakatat, aksharanmadhil jaaga nirdharit karoo shakatat, rachnet kitee nakaratmak jaaga aavashyak aahe heey nirdharit karoo shakatat aanee logoche bhag kase spasht karave yasathi teey vegale ubhe rahoo shakatat.
sangeetat.
samamiti hii keval drushya kalapurati maryadit nahee. sangitachya itihasatil tyachi bhoomika sangitachya nirmitichya aanee aakalanachya anek pailunna sparsh karate.
sangitache swaroop.
steve ritch, belah bartok aanee james tenny yanni vaparlele kamaan (sooj) swaroop (aii. bii. see. bii. aii.) yasarkhya anek sangitkaranni samamiticha aupcharik adthala mhanoon vapar keela aahe. shastriy sangeetat, baakh yanni kramparivartan aanee aparivartaniyatechya samamiti sankalpanancha vapar keela.
swararachana.
dorkhand aanee swarmelanchya nirmitimadhye samamiti dekhil eka mahattvacha vichar aahe, paramparik kinwa swarsangeet heey swarmelanchya samamiteey nasalelya gatanni banalele aahe, jase qee dietonic scale kinwa pramukh swarmel. sampoorn swar scale, sanvardhit swar kinwa qamee jhaleli satvi swar (qamee-qamee jhaleli satvi) yasarkhya samamiteey scale kinwa swarmelyanmadhye disha kinwa pudhe gatichi bhavna nasane, qee kinwa tonal centerbaddal sandigdha asane aanee qamee vishisht dietonic karyakshamta asane asey mhatale jaate. tathapi, alban berg, belah bartok aanee george perley yansarkhya sangitkaranni samamiti aanee/kinwa madhyantar chakranchya akshancha vapar killi kinwa gair-swar tonal kendranpramanech keela aahe. george perley spasht karatat qee "see-eae, dii-eff, [aanee] eb-jee, ekach madhyamapachi vegvegali udaharane aahet... dusari olakh. ... yacha sambandh samamitichya akshanshi aahe. see-eae khalilpramane samamitiyadrushtya sambandhit diedschya kutumbatil aaheh"
asha prakare, madhyantar-4 kutumbacha bhag asanyavyatirikt, see-eae haah summ-4 kutumbacha dekhil eka bhag aahe (see barobar 0).
madhyantar chakr heey samamiteey asatat aanee tyamule teey dietonic nasatat. tathapi, tathapi chaa saat swarancha vibhag (pachvyache chakr, jeey chauthyachya chakrasah susangat aahet) dietonic mejar scale tayar karel. gustav mahler aanee richard wagner yansarkhya pranayramya sangitkaranchya kamanmadhil chakriy swar pragati bartok, alekzandar scrabin, edgard veres aanee vienna school sarkhya aadhuniktavadichya atonal sangitatil chakriy swar uttaradhikarashi eka duva tayar karatat. tyach velee, yaa pragati tonalitychya samaptiche sanket detat.
samamiteey swarmel sambandhanvar satatyane aadharit pahili vistarit rachana bahudha alban bergchi 'chaukadi' hotee. 3 (1910).
samanata.
pratigami antargat aparivartaniy asalelya swar pankti kinwa svarvruttache sanch aadvya samamiteey asatat, ultyakhali ubhya asatat. asamamit ly dekhil pahaa.
saundaryashastrat.
saundaryashastrashi samamiticha sambandh guntagunticha aahe. manavanna manavanna sharirikdrushtya aakarshak ashee dwaipakshik samarupata aadhalate; tee aarogya aanee anuvanshik tandurusti darshavate. yachya viruddha, atee samamiti hii kantalvani kinwa ruchkar manali jaanyachi pravrutti aahe. rudolph arnheimne suchavale qee lock kahee pramanat samamiti aanee tyanna manoranjak banavanyasathi pureshi guntagunt asalelya aakaranna pradhanya detat.
sahityat.
sahityamadhye samamiti vividh swarupat aadhalu shakate, eka sadhe udaharan mhanje palyndrome jethe eka sankshipt majkoor samaan pudhe kinwa mage vachato. kathanmadhye samamiteey rachana asoo shakate, jase qee 'bewulf' chaa uday aanee patan namuna.

