
ann aanee pey padarthanvar bandee

kahee lock vividh dharmik, sanskrutik, kayadeshir kinwa itar samajik pratibandhanchya anushangane vividh vishisht khadyapadarth aanee peye khaat naheet. yapaiki anek pratibandh nishiddha aahet. anek khadyapadarth aanee itar pratibandhanmadhye sastan prani, undeer, sarpatanare prani, ubhaychar, maase, shleshmal prani, crustatian aanee keetak yasah vishisht pranyanchya mansavar bandee aahe, jeey vanaspati-aadharit khadyapadarthanpeksha mansabarobar adhik vela sambandhit asalelya tiraskar pratikriyeshi sambandhit asoo shakatat. kahee pratibandh vishisht bhagasathi kinwa pranyanchya utsarjanasathi vishisht asatat, tarr itar vanaspati kinwa burashiche sevan sodoon detat.
kahee ann pratibandhanchi vyakhya dharmanusar kinwa itar prakare sanhitabaddha kelele niyam mhanoon kelee jaau shakate, konate annapadarth kinwa khadyapadarthanche sanyojan khalle jaau shakat nahee aanee pranyanchi kattal kinwa tayari kashee karavi yabaddal. yaa pratibandhanchi utpatti vegvegali aahe. kahee prakarananmadhye, teey aarogyachya karananmule kinwa itar vyavharik karananmule asalyache manale jaate; itaranmadhye, teey manvi pratikatmak pranalinshi sambandhit aahet.
kahee vishisht dharmik kalkhandat kahee khadyapadarthanvar bandee ghatali jaau shakate (udaa.jee., karj), jivanachya kahee tappyanvar (udaa.jee.garbhadharana), kinwa lokanchya vishisht vargansathi (udaa.jee., pujari), jaree annas anyatha parvanagi asali taree. tulanatmak aadharavar, eka gatasathi ayogya ghoshit kele jaau shakate teey ekach sanskratit kinwa vegvegalya sanskratinmadhye dusya gatala purnapane swikararh asoo shakate. ann nishiddha karnyacha uddesh sahasa manvi vyaktila aadhyatmik kinwa sharirik hanipasoon vachavane assa asato asey disate, parantu tyanchya astitvachi itar anek karane sanskratinmadhye dilee jaatat. anekanmadhye paryavaraniy kinwa vaidyakeey parshvabhoomi spasht aahe, jyat kahee moolatah dharmik kinwa aadhyatmik mhanoon pahile jaatat. ann nishiddhata sansadhanancha adhik karyakshamatene vapar karnyas madat karoo shakate, parantu jevha keval samajachya eka upvargala lagoo kele jaate, tevha ann nishiddhata dekhil annapadarthavar suut asalelyanchya ekadhikarshahila karanibhoot tharoo shakate. ekhadya vishisht gatane kinwa jamatine tyanchya margancha bhag mhanoon swikarlele ann nishiddha, gatachya ekatmatela madat karate, tyaa vishisht gatala itaransamor aapali olakh tikavoon thevanyas aanee tikavoon thevanyas madat karate aanee tyamule 'aaplepana' chee bhavna nirman hote.
karane.
vividh dharm vishisht prakarchya annachya sevanala manai karatat. udaharanarth, jude dharm kaay khau shakato aanee kaay khau shakat nahee yabaddal aanee visheshtah dugdhajanya padarthanmadhye maans misalanyas manai karnyababat "kashrut" navachya niyamancha eka kadak sanch vihit karato. islammadhye khadyapadarthanche 'haram' (nishiddha) aanee 'halal' (parvanagi) asey vibhajan karnare samaan kayade aahet. jaine lock shakahari honyasathi anekada dharmik nirdeshanche palan karatat. bahutek hindu gomans khaat naheet aanee kahee hindu tyanchya aaharat 'ahinsa' (ahinsa) hii sankalpana lagoo karatat aanee shakaharala aadarsh manatat aanee shakaharanchya prakarancha sarav karatat. kahee prakarananmadhye, annapadarth tayar karnyaivaji tayar karanyachi prakriya chhananikhali yete. udaharanarth, madhyayugeen khristi dharmachya suruvatichya kalat, kahee naan shijavalele ann sandigdha darjache hoteh bedala dilelya pashchattapachya aadharavar, naan shijavalele ann khanaryansathi (saumya) tapashcharya darshavili gelee aanee sant bonifacene pope zachari yanna patra lihile (shubh patravyavaharat jatan kelelya patrat, nahee. 87) tyala bekan yogya pramanat khanyasathi kitee kaal barey karave lagel heey vicharale. 1819 paryant havaimadhye kapu pranali vaparali jaat hotee.
aupcharik niyamanvyatirikt, kahee pranyanchya sevanala sanskrutik varjana aahet. dilelya samajat, kahee maans heey khanyasathi nasalele manale jaatil jeey khadyapadarthanchya samanyatah swikarlelya vyakhyechya maryadebaher aahet. naveen maans, aay.eae. ekhadya vyaktila kinwa sanskratila parichit nasaleli pranijanya khadyapadarth, samanyatah tiraskar pratikriya uttejit karatat, jee sanskrutik varjana mhanoon vyakt kelee jaau shakate. udaharanarth, jaree kutryache maans kahee vishisht paristhitinmadhye koria, vietnam aanee chinmadhye khalle jaat asale, taree jawaljawal serve pashchatya deshanmadhye teey ann mhanoon ayogya manale jaate. tyachpramane, jaree teey kazakhstan, japan, itali aanee francesarkhya vyapak deshanchya rashtriy pakakrutincha bhag asale taree, ingraji bhashik jagaat ghodyache maans kvachitach khalle jaate.
bharatatil bahutansh thikani guranchya kattalkhanyanvar aanee americet ghodyanchya kattalivar bandee asalyasarkhe, kadhikadhi annapadarthanvarche nirbandh rashtriy kinwa sthanik kayadyat pravesh karatat. chiinii rajvatit paratalyanantarhi, hongkongne british rajvatit tayar keleli kutre aanee manjarinchya maans purvathyavaril bandee uthavali nahee.
paryavaranvad, naitik upbhoktavad aanee itar karyakartyanchya chalvali naveen pratibandh aanee khanyachya margdarshak tattvanna janm dett aahet. sanskrutik ann pratibandhanmadhye agadi alikadachi bharr mhanje luptapray prajati kinwa pranyanche maans aanee undy jyanna anyatha kayada kinwa aantarrashtriy kararadvare sanrakshn dile jaate. asha sanrakshit prajatinchya udaharananmadhye vell, sagari kasav aanee sthalantarit pakshyanchya kahee prajatincha samavesh aahe. tyachpramane, tikau sagari khadyapadarthanchya sallagar yadya aanee pramanpatramule masemarichi asamarthata asalyamule kahee vishisht sagari khadyapadarthancha vapar karnyas nirutsahit kele jaate. sendriya pramanpatra ann utpadanachya darmyan kahee krutrim rasayanik aadananna kinwa anuvanshikdrushtya sudharit jivanna, vikiran aanee sandpanyachya gaal vaparnyas pratibandhit karate. nyayya vyapar chalval aanee pramanpatramule shoshak kamachya paristhitit utpadit ann aanee itar vastooncha vapar karnyas nirutsahit hote. nishiddhata nirman karananya itar samajik chalvalinmadhye sthanik ann aanee "100 mail aahar" yancha samavesh aahe, jeey donhi sthanik patalivar utpadit nasalelya annapasoon door rahnyas protsahan detat aanee shakahari, jyamadhye anuyayi konatyahi prakarchya prani utpadanancha vapar kinwa sevan naan karnyacha prayatna karatat.
nishiddha annapadarth.
ubhaychar.
jude dharmat bedkansarkhya ubhaycharanchya sevanala katekorpane manai aahe. yaa nirbandhanche varnan leviticus 11:29-30 aanee 42-43 madhye kele aahe. ubhaycharanpasun tasech itar pratibandhit pranyanpasun vyutpann rasayanik utpadane talhali pahijet.
itar sanskratinmadhye, bedkachya payansarkhe khadyapadarth khadyapadarth mhanoon japoon thewale jaatat aanee kahee paristhitinmadhye pranyanche vyavsayik sangopan kele jaau shakate. tathapi, bedkanchya dhokyabaddalachya paryavaraniy chintanmule, kadachit tyanna namshesh honyachya dishene dhaklat asalyamule, ativaparamule francesarkhya deshanmadhye annatil tyancha vapar maryadit karnyasathi kayadeshir karvai karnyas pravrutt kele aahe. french krishi mantralayane 1976 madhye deshi bedook prajatinchya sanrakshanasathi upayayojana karnyas suruvat kelee aanee tevhapasoon prayatna suru aahet. jaree aantarrashtriy aayat tasech khajgi, vaiyaktik shikar aanee swayampak anek kshetranmadhye kayadeshir rahile asale taree 1980 madhye pranyanchya mothya pramanat vyavsayik kapanivar bandee ghalanyat aalee.
vatvaghale.
jude dharmat, deuteronomic code aanee purohit sanhita spashtapane batwar bandee ghalatat. islammadhye vatvaghalache maans 'haram' (nishiddha) aahe.
aswal.
jyoodhamtat aswalanna kosher prani manale jaat nahee. serve shikari jaminivaril pranyanna islammadhye nishiddha aahe.
pakshi.
torah (leviticus 11:13) spashtapane sangato qee garud, gidhad aanee ausprey khau nayet. leviticuschya kahee vyakhyanmadhye aata kahee bhagat samanyatah mansasathi vadhavalela shahamrug haah pakshi ann mhanoon spashtapane pratibandhit aahe. rabbi lokanni varanvar assa andaj lavala aahe qee, jeey pakshi aanee naisargik safaidaranna spashtapane pratibandhit karatat tyaa parampara itar pakshyanchya prajatinshi farak karatat; asha prakare, kombadya, badake, huns aanee turkey khanyas parvanagi aahe.
yaulat, islami aahar niyam shahamrugachya sevanala parvanagi detat, tarr jude dharmapramane shikari pakshyanna (visheshtah panje aanee taalan vaparoon shikar karnare mhanoon paribhashit kelele) nishiddha kele jaate.
anek sanskratinmadhye garud aanee kavale yasarkhe malvisarjan karnare aanee ganj khanare ann mhanoon talhale jaatat kaaran teey rog aanee ashuddhateche vahak mhanoon olakhale jaatat aanee mrutyushi sambandhit asatat. eka apavad mhanje 'daad rook', joou eka manyataprapt deshi padarth hota aanee joou agadi alikadech londonmadhil scottish restaurantmadhye deela gela aahe. aaj pashchatya sanskratinmadhye, bahutek lock ganyachya pakshyanna ann mhanoon navhe tarr anganatil vanyajeev manatat.
baloot haah eka vikasit honara pakshi bhrun (sahasa badak kinwa kombadi) aahe joou ukadoon kavachatoon khalla jaato. kuranchya bhagamadhye, pranyachi yogya prakare kattal kelee gelee nasel tarr konatyahi pranyanchi utpadane khau nayet, yaa kayadyacha samaj aanee aadar karane, prani kinwa pranyanche utpadan 'mayata' banavane samavisht aahe. baloot heey anshatah vikasit bhrun asalele andey asalyane, muslimancha assa vishvas aahe qee yamule teey "haram" kinwa "nishiddha" hote.
french khadyapadarthanmadhye aurtolan bunting heey eka alikadil nishiddha ann mhanoon vikasit jhaale. lahan pakshyanna jiwant pakadanyat aale, jabardastine khayala dile gele, nantar armagnakmadhye budavanyat aale, "sampoorn bhajoon aanee asha prakare khalle, hadey aanee serve, tarr jevanachya velee maulyavan sugandh jatan karnyasathi aanee kahijan manatat, devapasoon lapavanyasathi tyache doke tagachya napkinne gundalale."
unt.
unt khanyas torahdware aanee kadakpane manai aahe. torah untala ashuddha manato, jaree too kond chaghalat asala kinwa punha ugavat asala, taree govansh, mendhya, bakya, hareen, kalveet aanee jiraf (jeey serve kosher aahet) karatat, kaaran teey cloven khurr nikash purn karat naheet. yaa pranyanpramanech unt (aanee lama) heey bahuvidh kholyanche pooat asalele jugalbandi karnare prani aahet. unt heey done payanmadhye vibhagalele, summ-payache angathare asalele, gumphanare asatat. matra, untanche paay katheen khuranaivaji mauu khoon tayar karatat.
islammadhye, unt khanyas parvanagi aahe aanee saudi arabia aanee arabi dweepkalpatil islamik madhyavarti pradeshat samanyatah paramparik aahe.
manjari.
bahutek america aanee europes jagachya anek pashchimatya bhaganmadhye manjar khanyas tivra manai aahe. jyoo aanee islami kayadyanusar manjar maans nishiddha aahe kaaran donhi dharmanmadhye mansahari pranyanna khanyas manai aahe. manjariche maans chean, vhietanamchya pakakrutincha bhag mhanoon khalle jaate. pashchatya deshanmadhye manjari samanyatah paliv prani mhanoon kinwa kaam karnare prani mhanoon manale jaatat, jeey kitkanvar niyantran thevanyasathi thewale jaatat, ann prani mhanoon nahee aanee tyamule tyaa deshantil loksankhyechya mothya bhagadvare manjarinche sevan heey eka pashvi krutya mhanoon pahile jaate. udaharanarth, palishatil manjaranche maans, dushkaladarmyan, leningradchya vedhyat khalle jaat asey. 1996 madhye, argentinatil vruttapatranna rosario yetheel eka zopadi shaharat manjaranche maans serve karnari jaaga sapadali hotee, parantu pratyakshat heey jevan buenos erchya madhyamanni tayar kele hote.
2008 madhye, chinmadhil gwangdongmadhye manjar haah sthanik aaharacha eka bhag asalyache nondavale gele, anek manjari uttarekadun pathavalya jaat hotya aanee gwangzou-aadharit vyavasayala chinchya vividh bhaganmadhun darroj 10,000 manjari midatat. chinmadhil itar bhagantil nidarshakanni gwangdong prantiy sarkarla manjaranche maans serve karananya manjar vyapari aanee upahargruhanvar karvai karanyachi vinanti kelee aahe, jaree manjar khane bekaydeshir aahe asey konatahi kayada sangat nahee.
chhappar-khadoo' (chhappar-sase, german ') haah shabd manjarichya mansache, mansacha srot mhanoon vaparlya jaananya sasachya mansache maans mhanoon sadar kelya jaananya manjarichya mansala lagoo hoto. tvacha, paay, doke aanee shepati vaja kelyas sase aanee manjaranche mrutdeh sarkhe disatat. european bajarpethanmadhye, jithe sassa vikala jaato, tithe kharedidarala tee vikali jaat asaleli manjar nahee yachee pushti karnyasathi paay nehmi bajula thewale jaatat. "daar gato pore libre" ("manjarala sassa mhanoon baher kadhane") hii anek spanish bhashik deshanmadhye samanya abhivyakti aahe, jee yaa moolbhut ghotalyatun vyutpann jhalelya "aekhadyachya dolhyanvar lokar khechanyaitaki" aahe. eka samatulya portugij abhivyakti aahe "Âar gato por lebre", jyacha arth "sassa mhanoon manjar vikat ghene" assa hoto. brazilmadhye 'churasko dii gato' ('catt barbecue') hii abhivyakti mukhyatve vinodi swarasah vaparali jaate, visheshtah rastyachya kadela asalelya standsathi jeey tyanchya kharab swachchatemule aanee mansacha srot bahutek adnyat asalyamule kathivar bhajalele maans (anekada farofane lepit) detat. tasech, philipinesmadhye, eka shahari aakhyayika aanee eka vinod aahe qee kahee vikrete manjaranche maans "siopao" (vafavalele bunn) banavanyasathi vapartat, jyamule kahee philipino tyanchya paliv manjarinna "siopao" asey naav detat. darmyan, 'manjariche pillu keek' aanee 'teen shavarma kharedi qaraa-manjariche pillu ekatra qaraa' hii rastyavaril vikretyanchya dukanantun annapadarthanchya sanshayaspad utpattibaddalchi samanya russian shahari vinod aahet. ingrajimadhye, samanya abhivyakti mhanje yukticha balee tharalela kaay hott aahe asey vichar karatoh "eka dukkar vikat ghya."
uttar italitil vicenzache rahivasi manjari khanyasathi prasiddha hote, jaree hii pratha anek dashakanpasun upayogat nahee. februwari 2010 madhye, tuscanymadhye manjarancha stew khanyachya purvichya prathebaddal bolalyabaddal eka lokpriy italian gastronomever teeka karnyat aalee aanee tyala eka karyakramatun nilambit karnyat aale.
pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan aanee nantar europemadhye upasamarichya tathakathit 'white kalat' aanee dusya mahayuddhadarmyan 'chhappar-sassa' heey eka samanya ann hote. jyanna vatale qee teey austreliyan sase khaat aahet teey kharokhar european manjari khaat hote.
gura.
bharatasarkhya deshanmadhye guranna shraddhechi vastoo mhanoon paramparik sthan aahe. kahee hindu, visheshtah brahman shakahari asatat aanee maans khane katekorpane talhtat. jeey maans khatat teey serve gomans khanyapasun door rahatat, kaaran hindu dharmat gayila pavitra sthan aahe. udaharanarth, parampara sangate qee devi kamadhenu swatahla ichcha-pradan karnari daivi gaay mhanoon prakat karate, asha katha pidhyanpidhya punaravrutti hotat.
gohatya karnyachya ulat, dudh, dahee aanee visheshtah toop (lonicha eka prakar) yasarkhya dugdhajanya padarthanche sevan bharatat atyant samanya aahe. gayipasoon tayar keleli utpadane hindu dharmat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavtat, visheshtah dudh atyant aadaraniy asate, jeey anekada pavitra samarambhanmadhye vaparale jaate.
suruvatichya kalat bail heey krishi shakti aanee vahatukiche prathamik srot hote aanee bharatane krishi jivanshaili sweekarli mhanoon gaay haah eka atishay upayukt prani asalyache siddha jhaale. garjemule nirman jhalelya yaa sanmanamule annasathi gayee marane talhale gele; udaharanarth, dushkalgrast gavane jarr aapale bail marle aanee khalle tarr pudhil lagvadicha hangam yeil tevha teey nangar aanee gaadee khechanyasathi upalabdh rahnar naheet. matra, yaa andajala samarthan denare farse purave sapadale naheet. dushkalane grast asaleli kshetre pudhil hangamaparyant tikoon rahnyachya prayatnat guranche sevan karoo shakatat.
bharatiy kayadyanusar, keral, paschim bangal aanee ishanyekadil saat rajye vagalata jawaljawal serve bharatiy rajyanmadhye maadee guranchya kattalivar bandee aahe. gohatya kinwa tyachya bekaydeshir vahatukimadhye guntalelya vyaktila anek rajyanmadhye turungwas houu shakato. gayinchi kattal haah anek hindunsathi atyant chithavani denara muddah aahe.
kahee chiinii bauddha gomans sevan karnyas paravrutt karatat, jaree teey nishiddha manale jaat nahee. tathapi, sinhali bauddhansathi, jyaa pranyache dudh aanee shram anek sinhali lokanna upajeevika puravatat tyaa pranyala marane nishiddha aahe aanee krutaghna manale jaate. 
bermi bauddhannahi gomans khanyas manai aahe, kaaran teey gayinna mansansobat shetat kaam karnyasathi jababdar asalela prani manatat. matra, mandale, yangon ityadi loksankhya asalelya shaharanmadhye heey katekorpane nishiddha manale jaat nahee.
indoneshiyatil jaava betavaril kudus shaharat, bahutansh lock muslim asoonahi, gomans khanyavarhi bandee aahe. hindunna dukhavane talhane heey kudu lokanchya gomans khanyachya virodhat nishiddha honyache kaaran aahe.
jude dharmat gomans aanee dugdhajanya padarth yaa donhinchya sevanala parvanagi aahe, tarr dugdhajanya padarth konatyahi prakarchya mansamadhye misalanyas purnapane manai aahe.
chuing gumm.
singapurmadhye 1992 pasoon chyuingamchya vikrivar bandee aahe. sadhya singapurmadhye chyu gumm chaghalane bekaydeshir nahee, fakt kahee apavad vagalata teey aayat karane aanee vikane. 2004 pasoon, upcharatmak, dant aanee nikotin chuing gamsathi eka apavad astitvat aahe, jeey doctor kinwa nondanikrut pharmacistakadun vikat ghetale jaau shakate.
crustatians aanee itar sagari khadyapadarth.
shelfish, lobster, kolambi kinwa crayfish yasarkhya jawaljawal serve prakarchya masemari nasalelya samudri khadyapadarthanna jude dharmane pratibandhit kele aahe kaaran asey prani panyat rahatat parantu tyanna pankh aanee scale donhi nasatat.
sarvasadharanpane, hanifi vichardharavyatirikt, sunni islamchya 3 "madhya 'hub" madhye serve samudri khadyapadarthanna parvanagi aahe. bahutek sheeya musalman jyache anusaran karatat, tyaa jaffrey islami nyayshastrachya shalet kolambi vagalata bigger-matsya (taraju nasalele) sagari khadyapadarth pratibandhit aahet.
dugdhajanya padarth.
dharmopadesh 14:21 varr aadharit, rabbi jude dharmat mansasah dugdhajanya padarthanche gair-kosher mhanoon sevan karnyasahi manai aaheh "tumhi lahan bakarila tyachya aaichya dudhat ukaloo deu nakaa."matra, karai jyoo lock yaa aadnyecha adhik shabdasha arth assa karatat qee maans dudhat shijavale jaau shakat nahee; parantu dugdhajanya padarth tyanchyasobat dile jaau shakatat.
kutre.
pashchimatya deshanmadhye, kutryache maans khane samanyatah nishiddha manale jaate, jaree purvi upasamarichya dhokyat asatana tee nishiddhata modoon kadhali gelee aahe. kiman fredrick daad gretchya kalapasoon pratyek mothya german sankatat kutryache maans khalle gele aahe aanee samanyatah tyala 'block mutton' asey sambodhale jaate. 20vya shatkachya suruvatila germanymadhye kutryanche maans khane samanya hote. united statesmadhil german sthalantaritanni vikalelya frankfurter mansachya utpattibaddalachya shankanmule 'hott dogg' yaa shabdachi nanee tayar jhaali. 1937 madhye dukaransathi, kutryansathi, dukaransathi, colhey, badger aanee itar mansahari pranyansathi trikinelaviruddha lakshyit maans tapasani kayada lagoo karnyat aala. germanymadhye 1986 pasoon kutryanchya mansavar bandee aahe. 2009 madhye jevha polish shahar sestochova jawalil eka shetat kutre palatana sapadlyanantar eka ghotala ufalun aala, jeey 'smalleck'-charbiyukt hote.
pracheen hindu dharmgranthannusar (see. eff. manusmruti aanee sushrut sanhita), "kutryache maans" yasarkhe aushadhi grunth heey sarvat ashuddha (aanee tyaeivaji vishari) ann manale jaat hote. jyoo aanee islami aahar kayadyannusar kutryache maans dekhil ashuddha manale jaate; mhanoon, tyaa donhi dharmik paramparandware kutryache maans khanyas manai aahe.
ayrish pauranik kathanmadhye, dantkatha sangate qee alstercha mahan nayak, jyachya navacha arth coolancha shikari shwan assa hoto, tyala mortoncha kaata kassa denyat aala, jyamule tyala ektar kutryache maans khanyabaddalcha tyacha 'gees' (nishiddha) todanyas bhag padale gele kinwa aadaratithya nakarle gele; kulenane maans khane nivadle, jyamule akheris tyacha mrutyu jhaala.
mexicomadhye, purv-columbian yugat, zolitzquintal navachya kutryachi cases nasaleli jaat samanyatah khalli jaat asey. vasahatvadanantar hii pratha thambali. levis aanee clark aanee tyanchya mohimetil purushanni kutryache maans khalle aanee tyacha anand ghetala asey levisachya niyatkalikanmadhye nondavale gele hote, jee mothya maidani bhagatil sthanikanchi samanya pratha hotee.
purv ashiyamadhye, vietnam, uttar aanee dakshin koria vagalata bahutek desh islamik kinwa bauddha moolye kinwa philipinespramanech pranyanchya hakkanmule kutryanche maans kvachitach khatat. manchula kutryache maans khanyas manai aahe, jeey kadhikadhi manchuchya shejarchya ishanya ashiyai lokankadoon khalle jaate. manchu kutryachya farapasoon banavalelya topya ghalane dekhil talhtat. manchu vyatirikt, chiinii mangol, miyao, muslim, tibeti, yao aanee yee yanna kutryachya mansavar bandee aahe. indoneshiyamadhye, bahusankhya islami loksankhyemule, paramparikpane kutryache maans khanare khrishchan batak aanee minahasana vanshik gut vagalata kutryache maans khanyas bandee aahe.
naveen ginichya dongral bhagatil urapmin lock kahee shejarchya jamatinpramane kutryanna marat naheet kinwa khaat naheet, kinwa teey kutryanna tyanchya annavar shwas gheu dett naheet.
undy.
jaine undy khane talhtat. anek hindu aanee rudhivadi sheekh shakahari dekhil undy khanyapasun door rahatat.
naisargikaritya raktache daag asaleli undy jyoo aanee islami paramparenusar khalle jaau shakat naheet, parantu konatyahi raktashivay undy samanyatah vaparali jaatat (aanee maans manale jaat naheet, mhanoon dugdhajanya padarthansah khalle jaau shakatat).
hatti.
bauddhanna hattiche maans khanyas manai aahe.
hattinchya mansala jyoo aahar kayadyannusar kosher dekhil manale jaat nahee kaaran hattinna lavang khurr nasatat aanee teey jugalbandi karnare nasatat.
islami aahar kayadyanchya kahee vidvananni assa nirnay deela aahe qee muslimanna hatti khanyas manai aahe kaaran hatti heey dandu kinwa shikari pranyanchya pratibandhit shreneet yetat.
hindu lock mothya pramanat pooja karananya ganesh devachya mahattvamule hindu hatti mansashi konatahi sampark katekorpane talhtat.
kalika puranat anukrame bakya, hattinchya vidhibaddha hatyesathi 'baalee' (yadnya) aanee 'mahabali' (mahan yadnya) vegale kele gele aahe, jaree shakti dharamshastrat manavancha sandarbh pratikatmak aahe aanee aadhunik kalat putalyamadhye keela jaato.
maase.
somali lokanmadhye, bahutek kulanna maase khanyas manai aahe aanee teey khanare kahee vyavsayik kulanshi teey aantarvivah karat naheet.
aagney egypt, ethiopia, eritriya, somalia, keeniya aanee uttar tanzaniachya kahee bhagat rahana anek uchchbhumivaril pashupalak aanee shetmajooranmadhye (aanee kahee kinarpattivaril lokanmadhyehi) maase khanyas manai aahe. yala kadhikadhi 'kushitik phisha-tabu' mhanoon sambodhale jaate, kaaran purv aafriket maase talhanyachya prathesathi kushitik vakte jababdar asalyache manale jaate, jaree serve kushitik gut maase talhat naheet. matsya varjanache kshetra sadharanpane tyaa kshetrashi julate jithe kushi bhashe bolali jaatat aanee sarvasadharanpane, nilo-saharan aanee semitic bhasha bolanadhyanmadhye hii varjana nasate aanee kharey tarr barech lock panlot aahet. purv aafriketil maase talhanyacha sarav karnare kahee bantu aanee nilotic gut dekhil purvichya kalat kushi rahat asalyache disana bhagat rahatat. purv aafriket, maase nishiddha karane heey tanzaniachya pudhe aadhalat nahee. yache shrey tsetse mashachya sthanik upasthitila dile jaate aanee tyapalikadechya bhagat, jeey bahudha bhatkanare pashupalak, pramukh maase talhanare, yanchya dakshinekadil sthalantarat adthala mhanoon kaam karat hote. tyamule zambia aanee mozambikchya bantasla pashupalak gatanni adhinata sodali aanee parinami teey jawaljawal serve maase khatat.
dakshin aafriket pramukhyane bantu bhashikanmadhye maase talhanyache aanakhi eka kendra aahe. hii ichchhashakti swatantrapane vikasit jhaali qee tee sadar karnyat aalee heey spasht nahee. tathapi, dakshin aafriketil sarvat suruvatichya rahivasi, khoisanmadhye maase talhale jaat naheet heey nishchit aahe. tathapi, dakshin aafriketil bantu dekhil purv aafriketil uttarekadil pashupalakanna vividh sanskrutik vaishishtye samayik karat asalyane, asey manale jaate qee, adnyat tarkhela, purv aafriketun gurakhi palanadhyandware maase khanyaviruddhachi varjana lagoo karnyat aalee hotee, jeey kasetari tyanche pashudhan varr namood kelelya setse mashee sthanik pradeshanhun pudhe nenyat yashasvi jhaale.
godya panyachya eel (angilidae) aanee catfishchya serve prajatinsarkhya mashanchya kahee prajatinna dekhil jude dharmat nishiddha kele aahe. jaree teey panyat rahat asale taree tyanna (sukshmadarshakakhali vagalata) scale disat naheet (leviticus 11:10-13 pahaa). yamadhye sunni muslim kayade adhik lavchik aahet. catfish aanee shark heey khas prakarche maase asalyane tyanna samanyatah halal mhanoon pahile jaate. chaar sunni 'madhya' habsmadhye samanyatah eelala parvanagi aahe asey manale jaate. bahutek sheeya musalmananni anusarlelya jaffrey nyayshastranusar, jorah nasalelya mashanchya serve prajatinna manai aahe, tasech kolambi vagalata serve kavach mashanchya prajatinnahi manai aahe.
navajo, apache aanee zunisah nairutya united statesmadhil anek jamatinna maase aanee jalchar pranyanviruddha varjana aahe, jyat jalchar pakshyanchahi samavesh aahe.
greenlandmadheel norse vasahatinni (ii. sha. 10vya-15vya shatkat) jared hinyanmadhye namood kelyapramane, maase khanyaviruddha nishiddhata vikasit kelee asel. heey asamanya aahe, kaaran norsemanna samanyatah mashanviruddha varjana navhati, hiryane namood kele qee "greenland norse puratatva sthalanvar midavalelya pranyanchya hadanpaiki 0.00% peksha khoopach qamee mhanje bahutek samkalin eyesland, uttar norwey aanee shetland sthalanvaril 50 teey 95% chya tulanet mashanchya hadancha vaataa aahe."matra, puratatvashastradnyanni yavar aakshep ghetala aahe.
prani bhrun.
anek desh heey eka swadisht padarth mhanoon pahatat parantu bahutek deshanmadhye heey nishiddha aahe. donhi mool sanskratinmadhye (ingraji aanee bharatiy) nishiddha asoonahi, mrutdeh mhanoon manale jaanare bakya aanee mendhyanche garbh heey anglo-indian sanskratit eka swadisht padarth aahet. yaa anglo-indian padarthala 'kutty paee' (garbhachi pishavi) mhanoon olakhale jaate.
burshi.
vaidik brahman, gaudiy vaishnav, tantrik aanee kahee bauddha pujari burshipasoon door rahatat, jyaa ratri vadhatat tevha talhalya jaatat.
eyesland, sweedenchya grameen bhaganmadhye aanee paschim finlandmadhye, jaree nishiddha nasale taree, dusya mahayuddhapurvi mashroom mothya pramanat khalle jaat navhate. tyanchyakade gayinche ann mhanoon pahile jaat asey aanee teey yuddhakalin aanee daridryache ann asalyachya kalankashi dekhil sambandhit hote. heey roman samrajyachya divasanpeksha vegale aahe, jevha mashroomkade sarvoch darjache swadisht padarth mhanoon pahile jaat asey aanee samratansathi ann mhanoon tyanna uchch aadar deela jaat asey.
giinii dukkar aanee sambandhit undeer.
giinii dukaranna kinwa 'kyu' samanyatah perumadhye, nairutya shaharanmadhye aanee kolambiyatil gavanmadhye aanee equadorchya dongral bhagatil kahee loksankhyemadhye, mukhytah andischya dongral pradeshat khalle jaate. lima aanee perumadhil itar shaharanmadhil upahargruhanchya menuvar tasech pasto, kolambiyamadhye cuse aadhalu shakatat. giinii dukkarche maans america aanee european rashtranna niryat kele jaate. 2004 madhye, newyork shahar udyan aanee karamanook vibhagane flushing medo parkmadhil eka equadorian mahotsavat "kyu" seva denanya vikretyanna rokhanyasathi kayadeshir karvai kelee. newyork rajya giinii dukaranchya sevanala parvanagi dete, parantu newyork shahar tyavar bandee ghalate. tevhapasoon sanskrutik chhalache aarop kele jaat aahet.
aushadhi vanaspati.
greek orthodox churchche kahee anuyayi khristachya vadhastambhashi sambandh asalyamule tulshi talhtat. asey manale jaate qee, sant helen yanni ii. sha. 325 madhye tulshichya sunder, sugandhit zadanni jhakalelya tekadivar, aataparyant adnyat asalelya zadavar haah vadhastambh shodhala hota. yaa vanaspatila ('basilicon fyton') 'shahee vanaspati' asey naav denyat aale hote aanee aaj tee khanyaivaji vadhavali jaate aanee tiche kautuk kele jaate. pavitra vadhastambhachi unchi mhanoon olakhalya jaananya utsavat yaa aakhyayikechya smaranarth darvarshi 14 september roji tulshichi bareek zaade charchmadhye aanali jaatat.
ghode aanee itar ghodeswar.
ghodyache maans haah europemadhil anek deshanchya pakakrutincha eka bhag aahe, parantu kahee dharmanmadhye aanee anek deshanmadhye nishiddha aahe. yahudi kayadyane yala manai aahe, kaaran ghoda jugaracha khel karnara nasato kinwa tyala lavang khurr nasatat. kutryanpramanech, vayavya portugalmadhil castro sanskratisathi ghode khane nishiddha hote aanee ajunahi yaa pradeshat tee eka prati-sanskrutik pratha aahe.
khristi dharmachya kahee panthanni ghodyache maans khanyas manai kelee aahe. ii. sha. 732 madhye pope gregory tisra yane seent boniface yanna ghode khanyachi murtipujak pratha dadapanyachi soochana kelee aanee teela "ghaneradi aanee ghrunaspad pratha" mhatale. ii. sha. 1000 madhye himbhoomiche khristikaran tevhach sadhya jhaale jevha charchane vachan dile qee himbhoomivaril lock ghodyache maans khane suru thevu shakatat; ekada charchane aapali shakti balkat kelee qee bhatta bund karnyat aala. ghodyache maans ajunahi himbhoomit lokpriy aahe aanee gomans, kokra aanee dukarache manspramanech vikale aanee khalle jaate.
islammadhye, ghodyachya mansachya parvangibabat matey vegvegali aahet. kahijan muslimanna nishiddha karananya hadisacha hawala detat, parantu itar lock tyachya vaidhatevar aanee adhikaravar shanka ghetat. jangali ghode aanee gadhav yanna samanyatah halal mhanoon pahile jaate tarr paliv gadhavanna nishiddha manale jaate. maans khanyachya drushtikonat vividh muslim sanskratinmadhye farak aahe. aitihasikdrushtya, turk aanee pertian lokanni maans khalle aahe, tarr uttar aafriket heey durmil aahe.
canadamadhye ghodyache maans kayadeshir aahe. canadache bahutek ghodyache maans khandiy europe kinwa japanla niryat kele jaate. americet, california aanee eleanoymadhye ghodyachya mansachi vikri aanee sevan bekaydeshir aahe. tathapi, dusya mahayuddhadarmyan teey americet vikale gele, kaaran gomans mahag hote, ration dile jaat hote aanee sainikansathi niyat hote. americetil shevatche ghodyache maans kattalkhanam 2007 madhye bund karnyat aale hote. tarihi, sodoon dilele vishrantiche, khelanche aanee kamachya thikani kaam karnare ghode gola kele jaatat aanee lilavat vikale jaatat. ghodyache maans kasaina vikanyasathi teey vahatukdarankadun uttarela canada aanee dakshinela meksikochya simevar deshbharat pathvile jaatat. 2013 chya ghodyache maans dooshit kelyachya ghotalyachya sandarbhat 2013 madhye britton aanee irelandmadhye ghodyanchya vaparacha muddah upasthit karnyat aala hota.
sloveniya nasla taree, balkanmadhye ghodyache maans samanyatah talhale jaate, kaaran ghoda haah eka udatt prani manla jaato kinwa ghodyache maans khane heey yuddhakalin dushkalala karanibhoot aahe. tathapi, sarbiyamadhye tyachi eka chhotishi vishisht bajarpeth aahe.
manse.
serve nishiddha mansapaiki manvi maans sarvat jaast pratibandhit aahe. alikadchya kalat, manavane vidhimadhye aanee vedepana, dvesh kinwa upasamarala adhorekhit karoon sahmanvanche maans khalle aahe-tyanchya aaharacha eka samanya bhag mhanoon kadhihi nahee, parantu asey manale jaate qee hii pratha ekekali serve manavanmadhye vyapak hotee.
1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat austreliyan sarkarne yaa prathevar bandee ghalalyashivay papua nyu giniche agraganya lock antyasanskruti narbhakshaktet guntalele hote. narbhakshan haah prion rog kurucha prasar kassa jhaala, jaree 1967 paryant haah sambandh siddha jhaala navhata.
hindu dharmat manvi maans khanyas manai aahe.
catholic, lutheran aanee rudhivadi khrishchan jevha teey samagam ghetat tevha swatahla spashtapane aanee spashtapane vegale manatat, jaree bhakari aanee draksharas heey sevan karnyapurvi khristachya sharirasarkhe aanee raktasarkhech "samaan padarth" asalyache manale jaat asale, taree teey serve prakare bhakari aanee draksharas indriyanparyant rahatat. catholic yala transbstantiation mhanoon sambodhatat; rudhivadi lock vishvas thevatat qee badal hoto, parantu too eka pavitra rahasy asalyache manoon yantraneche varnan karnyacha prayatna karnyas sankoch karatat. bahutek protestant aanee itar khrishchan sampradayanna asey vatat nahee qee sankraman (kinwa konatyahi swarupat yeshuchi konatihi pratyaksh pratyaksh upasthiti) ajibat hote.
islammadhye manvi maans khanyasahi manai aahe.
keetak.
judevad aanee samarivadamadhye, kahee toldhadanna ann mhanoon parvanagi aahe (leviticus 11:22). anyatha, kitakanna kosher khadyapadarth manale jaat naheet. vyavsayikanni kitkansathi itar khadyapadarthanchi kaljipurvak tapasani karane dekhil kashrutsathi aavashyak aahe. islammadhye toldhadanna kayadeshir ann manale jaate aanee tyanna vidhibaddha kattalichi aavashyakta nasate.
madh heey eksandh amrut aanee madhapasoon tayar kelele madh aahe, jeey madhmashyanni punha tayar kele aahe. madhmashya nasalya taree teey kosher manale jaate, ashuddha pranyanchi utpadane dekhil ashuddha asatat yaa samanya niyamala haah eka spasht apavad aahe. haah vishay talmudmadhye samavisht keela aahe aanee madhmashi moolatah pahila madh tayar karat nahee, phul tayar karate, tarr madhmashi drav sathavatat aanee madhat nirjalikrut karatat yaa aadharavar tyala parvanagi asalyache spasht kele aahe. heey shahee jelipeksha vegale aahe, jeey madhmashyandware thet tayar kele jaate aanee naun-kosher manale jaate.
kahee shakahari itar konatyahi pranijanya padarthapramane madh talhtat.
kangaru.
yuu. aii. madhye kangaruchya mansavar bandee aahe.ess. california rajya. 1971 madhye pahilyanda bandee ghalanyat aalee; 2007 madhye mansachya aayatila parvanagi dett sthagiti denyat aalee, parantu 2015 madhye bandee punha lagoo karnyat aalee. kangaru maans dekhil jyoo kinwa sahsi lock baybalachya drushtine kosher manat naheet. tathapi, muslim aahar mankannusar too halal manla jaato, kaaran kangaru heey shakahari asatat.
jiwant prani.
islami kayada, nyayik kayada (nohyde kayadyasah) aanee kahee khrishchananche kahee kayade jiwant pranyapasoon kapalelya konatyahi bhagala manai karatat (utpatti 9:4, talmud, sanhedrin 59aii madhye arth lavlyanusar). jude dharm haah pratibandh jaminivaril prani aanee pakshyanvar maryadit karato; mashanna kosher kattal karanyachi aavashyakta nasate, parantu khanyapurvi tyanna pratham marane aavashyak asate. tathapi, 'baine pekua' chya babatit jethe aaichya garbhatoon jiwant santati kadhali jaate, heey nirbandh lagoo hott naheet.
ajunahi jiwant asalelya pranyanchya khanyachya udaharananmadhye jiwant sagari khadyapadarth khane samavisht aahe, jase qee "ardhya kavchavar kachcha shimpadu" aanee ikizukuri (jiwant maase). kahee deshanmadhye sashimichya jiwant pranyanchya vaparavar bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe. pranyanna anavashyak vedna denyas manai karananya kayadyantargat jude dharmat "ikizukuri" sarkhya pratha nishiddha aahet. tathapi, halkha (jyoo dharmik kayada) nusar oyster aanee clamche prani mhanoon vargikaran kele jaat nahee aanee tyamule gair-jyoo lock nohyde kayadyannusar kachche khau shakatat.
auph.
auphal heey kasai kelelya pranyanche antargat avyav aahet aanee teey god bread aanee mootrapind yasarkhya avyavanchya mansavyatirikt doke aanee paay ("trotter") yasarkhya mrutdehachya bhagancha sandarbh deu shakatat. auphal haah anek european aanee ashiyai pakakrutincha paramparik bhag aahe, jyat united kingadammadhil steak aanee kidney paee kinwa spainmadhil callos aii laa madrilena yasarkhya padarthancha samavesh aahe. robbert bernschya kalapasoon haggies haah scotlandcha rashtriy padarth aahe. ishanya brazilmadhye, bakyanchya potane banavalelya "buchada" navachya hagginsarkhach eka padarth aahe.
hriday, jeebh (gomans), yakrut (chikan, gomans kinwa dukarache maans) aanee naisargik sossage aavaran mhanoon vaparale jaanare aatade vagalata, yuu. ess. madhye sevan kelele avyav maans.ess. pradeshik kinwa vanshik vaishishtye asatat; udaharanarth, latino aanee hispanomadhye 'menudo' kinwa 'mondongo' mhanoon trip, dakshin united statesmadhil chitterling, purv samudrakinanyavar scrapples, madhyapashchimmadhye talalele-mendu sandwich aanee pashchimemadhye khadkal parvatiy oyster kinwa 'prayery oyster' mhanoon olakhalya jaanarya gomansache andakosh. argentine aanee itar spanish bhashetil deshanmadhye, bailanchya andakoshanna 'huevos dii toro' kinwa 'bailanchi undy' mhanoon dile jaate.
european unionsarkhya kahee pradeshanmadhye, mendu aanee itar avyav jeey bovine spongiform encephalopathy ('madd gaay rog') sankramit karoo shakatat aanee tatsam roganvar aata vishisht jokhim samagri mhanoon ann sakhalitun bandee ghalanyat aalee aahe.
bakri, gaay, mendhya kinwa mhashiche pooat khane jaree nishiddha asale taree, pracheen cheej banavanyachya tantrat dudhache chijmadhye rupantar karnyasathi pooat (jyamadhye renet asate) vaparale jaate, hii sambhavya nishiddha prakriya aahe. cheej banavanyasathichya naveen tantranmadhye renin aanee kymosine sarkhya jivanuyukt enzymes jaivarasayanik prakriyecha samavesh aahe. yacha arth assa qee cheej tayar karanyachi prakriya (aanee swatah cheej nahee) haah kadak shakaharindware pratibandhit aahe qee parvanagi aahe heey tharvanyacha eka ghatak aahe.
poliche biyane.
khaskhashiche biyane anek sanskratinmadhye masale mhanoon vaparale jaate. singapurmadhye kendriya ammali padarth vibhagane (see. aine. bii.) khaskhas biyane 'pratibandhit vastoo' mhanoon vargikrut kele aahe.
dukaranche/dukarache maans.
united states department auph agriculture (yuu. ess. dii. aii.) chya aakadevarinusar dukarache maans heey jagatil sarvadhik pramanat khalle jaanare maans aahe. islam, jude dharm aanee satvya divasachya sahsi lokansarkhya kahee khrishchan panthanmadhye dukaranche sevan karnyas manai aahe. hii bandee sambandhit dharmanchya pavitra granthanmadhye namood kelee aahe, udaa.jee. kuran 2:173,5h3,6:145 aanee 16:115, leviticus 11:7-8 aanee anuvad 14h8. pracheen madhyapurvetil kiman teen itar sanskratinmadhye dukaranna dekhil nishiddha karnyat aale hoteh phoenician, egyptian aanee babylonian. kahee prakarananmadhye, nishiddhapana dukarache maans khanyapalikade vistarla gela aanee dukaranna sparsh karane kinwa pahane dekhil nishiddha hote.
yaa nishiddhatechya mool karanavar charcha aahe. mymonidesla vatale asel qee dukaranchi ashuddhata swatahun spasht aahe, parantu mull khanyachya tyanchya pravrutticha visheshtah tiraskar karoon ullekh keela aahe. 19vya shatkat, kahee lokanni madhyapurvetil dukkar varjanache shrey parjivi trichinachya dhokyala dile, parantu heey spashtikaran aata anukool nahee. james george fraser yanni suchavale qee, pracheen israyal, egypt aanee syriamadhye dukkar haah moolatah eka pavitra prani hota, jyala tyaa karanastav khalle kinwa sparsh kele jaau shakat navhate; dukkar aata pavitra manla jaat navhata aanee mhanoon tyache ashuddha honyachya sandarbhat tyache spashtikaran dile gele.
agadi alikade, marvin harrisney asey mutt mandale qee dukaranna madhyapurvet paryavaraniy aanee samajik-aarthik staravar thevanyasathi dukaranna yogya nahee; udaharanarth, dukaranna korade hawaman rahnyasathi yogya nahee kaaran tyanna thund thevanyasathi itar pranyanpeksha jaast panyachi aavashyakta asate aanee charai karnyaivaji teey dhanyasarkhya khadyapadarthansathi manavanshi spardha karatat. tyamule dukaranna vadhavane hii eka vyarth aanee ksheen hott jaanari pratha mhanoon pahili jaat asey. nishiddhatesathi dilele aanakhi eka spashtikaran mhanje dukarn sarvabhakshi asatat, tyanchya naisargik aaharatil savayinmadhye maans kinwa vanaspati yanchyat bhed karat naheet. maans khanyachi tayari tyanna samanyatah khalle jaanare itar paliv prani (gura, mendhya, bakya ii.) yapeksha vegale karate.) jeey naisargikaritya fakt vanaspati khanar. merrie dugglus yanni suchavale aahe qee jude dharmat dukkaravar bandee ghalanyache kaaran tippat aaheh (i) teey gandulanchya shreniche ullanghan karate, kaaran tyache khurr futate parantu teey chaghalat nahee, (ii) teey ganj khato aanee (iii) teey israyali nasalele lock khaat asat.
bahutek lebani khrishchan lock dukarache mansahi khaat naheet, jaree dharmikdrushtya tyanna tase karanyachi parvanagi aahe. tathapi, lebani khrishchananche purvaj phoenician asalyamule, tyanna ajunahi vatate qee dukarn ghaan aahet.
narvanar (wanner, makade ii.).
makadache mendu haah eka padarth aahe jyamadhye kiman anshatah makad kinwa vanaranchya kahee prajatincha mendu asato. pashchatya lokpriy sanskratit, tyacha vapar varanvar chitrit keela jaato aanee tyavar vadavivad keela jaato, anekada videshi sanskratinna apavadatmak kroor, nirdayi aanee/kinwa vichitra mhanoon chitrit karnyachya sandarbhat.
makade heey bharatat aadaraniy prani aahet, mukhytah makad dev hanumanamule. anek hindu shakahari aahet aanee makadansah konatyahi prakarche maans khaat naheet. mansahari bharatiy dekhil makadanna marat naheet kinwa khaat naheet. makadanna marane aanee khane (kinwa jangali manale jaanare itar prani) heey bharatat nishiddha aanee bekaydeshir aahe.
malagasi sanskratit, lemurmadhye aatma ("ambiroa") asalyache manale jaate, jyachi jiwant asatana khilli udavali gelee kinwa kroor paddhatine hatya kelee gelee tarr suud ghetala jaau shakato. yamule, lemar, dainandin jivanatil itar anek ghatakanpramanech, nishiddhatecha srot rahile aahet, jyanna sthanik patalivar 'phedi' mhanoon olakhale jaate, jeey chaar moolbhut tattvansah kathanvar aadharit asoo shakatat. ekhadya gawala kinwa pradeshala asey vatoo shakate qee lemurcha eka vishisht prakar haah tyaa kulatil purvaj asoo shakato. lemurchya aatmyala suud gheta yeil assa vishvasahi tyanna asoo shakato. vaikalpikaritya, prani eka hitkarak mhanoon disu shakato. lemar heey manvi balanna tyanche changle kinwa white asey guna pradan karatat asehi manale jaate. sarvasadharanpane, 'phedi' nishiddhatechya bhavnechya palikade vistarato, parantu tyat durdaiv aanananya ghatanancha samavesh asoo shakato.
2009 madhye liberiachya pokali nadidware vanyajeev bajarat tajya aanee dhuun kadhalelya narvanar prajatinmadhye chimpanzi (panne troglodite), dyna makad (circopithecus dyna), putee-nozed makad (see. nictitans), qamee thipke asalela naak asalela makad (see. petaurista), campbelcha moona makad (see. campabelli), sooty mangabe (cercosabus etis), king colobus (colobus polycomos), olive colobus (procolobus verus), western reed colobus (pru. badius "). 
1983 teey 2002 darmyan, western gorilla (gorilla gorilla) aanee samanya chimpanzi (panne troglodite) yanchya gabonchya sankhyet 56 takkyanni ghat jhalyacha andaj aahe. hii ghasaran pramukhyane vyavsayik shikaramule jhaali hotee, jee lakudtod karnyachya uddeshane vistarit kelelya payabhoot suvidhanmule sulabh jhaali hotee. 
1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, kongo khoyatil equatore prantatil basankusumadhye taje aanee dhuun kadhalele bonobo (panne paniscus) mrutdeh aadhalun aale.
makade aanee wanner heey manavanche jawalche natevaik asalyamule kahee lock narbhakshakanche sevan heey manvi narbhakshan karnyachya jawalche manatat.
sassa.
baybalmadhil leviticuschya pustakat sassa ashuddha mhanoon vargikrut keela aahe kaaran tyat futalele khurr nasate, jaree too anshatah pachalela padarth chaghalato aanee punha pachavato (jugarachya lokanmadhye 'cudd chaghalanya' chya samatulya). sunni islammadhye sasachya sevanala parvanagi aahe aanee anek bahusankhya sunni deshanmadhye (udaa.jee. egypt, jithe too "molokheya" madheel eka paramparik ghatak aahe), parantu twelver sheeya islamchya jaffrey nyayshastrat tyala nishiddha kele aahe.
under aanee under.
bahutek pashchatya sanskratinmadhye, undeer aanee undaranna ektar ashuddha keetak kinwa paliv prani manale jaate aanee tyamule teey manvi vaparasathi ayogya manale jaatat, aanee paramparikaritya plegche vahak mhanoon pahile jaatat.
ghanamadhye, 'thrionomis swindrianus' jyala sthanik patalivar 'accranti', 'grass cutter' aanee (chukine) 'busch under' mhanoon sambodhale jaate, hii eka samanya khadyapadarth aahe. yaa undirala 'grater bent undeer' heey yogya samanya naav aahe, jaree pratyakshat too ajibat undeer nasla taree aanee saharachya valvantachya dakshines aafriket rahana sase aanee giinii dukarancha jawalcha natevaik aahe. 2003 madhye, yuu.ess. monkeypoxchya kiman nauu manvi prakaranancha udrek jhalyamule aafriketun yaa aanee itar kruntakanchya aayativar bandee ghalanyat aalee, haah aajaar paschim golardhat yapurvi kadhihi pahila gela navhata.
jude dharm aanee islammadhye konatyahi prakarche undeer kinwa undiranpasun nirman jhalelya samagriche sevan karnyas manai aahe.
sarpatanare prani.
islammadhye magri aanee saap yasarkhya sarpatananya pranyanchya sevanala sakt manai aahe. jude dharmat sarpatanare prani khanyasahi manai aahe. itar sanskratinmadhye, magrasarkhya khadyapadarthanna khadyapadarth mhanoon japoon thewale jaate aanee pranyanche vyavsayik sangopan kele jaate.
bhajya, fale aanee masale.
jaine, bauddha aanee hindu dharmachya kahee aavrutyanmadhye, kande jaatichya bhajyanche sevan pratibandhit aahe. heey hanikarak bhavna uttejit karatat asey anuyayanche mutt aahe. anek hindu sann kinwa shravan, puratassi aanee kartik yaa hindu pavitra mahinyant mansahari jevanasah kande aanee lasoon khanyas paravrutt karatat. matra, mansahari padarth talhanyachya tulanet kande aanee lasoon talhane hindunmadhye farse lokpriy nahee, tyamule anek lock hii pratha palat naheet.
kashmiri brahman 'tivra chavdar' khadyapadarthanna manai karatat. yamadhye lasoon, kande aanee kalee miirii aanee mirchi yasarkhe masale samavisht aahet, asey manoon qee jibhevaril tikhat swad baserschya bhavna uttejit karatat.
jaine lock keval mansaharapasun door rahat naheet, tarr mulanchya bhajya (jase gajar, batate, mulaa, salgam ii.) dekhil khaat naheet kaaran asey kelyane vanaspati nasht hote aanee tyancha ahinsevar vishvas asato. sajivanchya padanukramat, kandyasarkhya atee hivalyatil vanaspatinche sthan gahoo aanee tandul yasarkhya ann pikanpeksha jaast aahe. hangamatil badalanche nirikshan karanyachi aanee vasant rutumadhye baharanyachi kandyanchi kshamata hii khalchya vanaspatinmadhye anupasthit asaleli atirikt 'indriy' asalyache manale jaate. nirman jhalelya white karmache praman heey tyaa pranyachya kitee indriyanvar avalambun asate aanee tyamule kande khane talhane vivekpurn manale jaate. yacha arth assa dekhil aahe qee kahee uttar bharatiy paramparanmadhye, prabhavipane serve jaast hivalyatil vanaspati nishiddha manalya jaatat.
chiinii bauddha pakakrutimadhye paramparikpane lasoon, "eliyam chinnens", heeng, shaulat aanee "eliyam victorialis" (vijay kande kinwa parvatiy lick) yanna manai aahe.
yazidismmadhye, latice aanee butter beans khane nishiddha aahe. muslim dharmik shikshak aanee vidwan, fallah husson juma, letismadhye aadhalanaya vaitpanachya panthachya vishvasacha sambandh muslim aanee khrishchanandware chhalalya gelelya tyachya pradirgh itihasashi jodatat. aitihasik siddhant assa dawa karato qee 13 vya shatkat mosul shaharavar niyantran thevana eka nirdayi samarthyavanane suruvatichya yazidi santanna fashi denyache aadesh dile. tyanantar utsahi jamavane letisachya dokyanni mrutdehavar fekale.
payathagoranche anuyayi shakahari hote aanee ekekali 'pythagorean' mhanje 'shakahari' assa arth aala. matra, tyanchya panthachya matey shengdane khanyas manai hotee. kaaran aspasht aaheh kadachit sambhavya pakshapatapasun sanrakshn mhanoon, parantu bahudha jadutona-dharmik karananmule teey kadachit petke vadhavtat. payathagorasachya mrutyubaddalachya eka aakhyayikenusar, tyane aaplya shatrunpasun vachanyasathi fava beenchya shetatoon naan palanyacha nirnay ghetalyanantar too marla gela.
broccolly aanee fulkobi yasarkhya bhajya, nishiddha nasalya taree, palanare jyoo aanee itar dharm anek pokalanmadhye keetak kinwa keetak lapoon rahanyachi shakyata asalyamule tyaa talhu shakatat. tyachpramane, blackberry aanee raspberry yasarkhi fale talhanyachi shifaras kashrut sansthanni kelee aahe kaaran tee fale nasht kelyashivay pureshi swachchh kelee jaau shakat naheet.
samanya egyptian padarth mulukhia, eka suup jyacha prathamik ghatak taag paaney aahe (jyacha itar konatahi pakakala uddesh navhata), tyavar fatimid khalifa all-hakim bii-amr allahane tyachya karkirdit (996-1021 see. eae.) kadhikadhi bandee ghatali hotee. hii bandee mulukhiyala aanee sunni khaat asalyache mhatale jaanare itar khadyapadarthannahi lagoo hote. tyachya rajvatichya samaptinantar bandee akheris uthavali gelee, parantu druze, jeey all-hakimala uchch aadar detat aanee tyala ardh-daivi adhikar detat, teey bandicha aadar karat rahatat aanee aajahi konatyahi prakarche "mulukhia" khaat naheet.
vell.
sunni islam musalmananna naisargik karananmule maran pavalelya vhelache maans khanyachi parvanagi deto kaaran eka prasiddha sunni hadis aahe jyat muhammadachya asha manyatecha ullekh aahe. vhelache maans sheeya islammadhye nishiddha (haram) aahe kaaran velala taraju nasatat. jagatil bahutansh bhagant vhelache maans vhelchya dhokyamule khalle jaat nahee parantu teey paramparikpane nishiddha nahee. united kingadamsarkhya kahee deshanmadhye, deshat vell maans aayat karane bekaydeshir aahe.
pratibandhit pey.
daroo.
bauddha, islam, jaine, rastafari chalval, bahee 'eae shraddha aanee khristi dharmachya vividh shakha, jase qee baptist, pentecostal, methodist, nantarche sant, satvya divasache sahsi aanee iglesiya nee christo-yasah kahee dharm madyarkyukt peye khanyas manai karatat kinwa tyanna nirutsahit karatat.
ibri baybalmadhye eka nazirit pratidnyeche (sankhya 6:1-21) varnan kele aahe jyat alcoholpasoon, visheshtah wine aanee bahudha barley biarpasoon door rahane samavisht aahe (septuagent anuvad aanee baur shabdakoshanusarah "sisikera", akadian shikarumadhun, "barley bear" sathee). naveen jeey. pii. ess. anuvad aaheh "madya aanee itar konatehi madak padarth". aine. aay. vhee. sarkhya itar aavrutyanmadhye alcohole aanee wine vinegarsarkhya alcoholpasoon tayar jhalelya serve utpadananvar bandee aahe. jude dharmat daruchya virodhat konatihi samanya varjana nahee.
daruchya sevanaviruddha sanskrutik varjana dekhil aahet, udaharanarth tetotalism kinwa temperence chalvalit pratibimbit hotat. aarogyavishayak karananmule garodarpanat mahilanni madyapan karnyaviruddha, udaharanarth, 2000 buy ilochya prasooti sanrakshn adhiveshanat, anek deshanmadhye sanskrutik varjanache kahitari aahe.
rakt.
kahee dharm rakt pinyas kinwa khanyas kinwa raktapasoon banavalele ann khanyas manai karatat. islammadhye rakt sevan nishiddha aahe (haram). "rakt baher kadhanyasathi halal pranyanchi yogya prakare kattal kelee pahije. itar paramparanchya vipareet, heey rakt heey poojya kinwa pavitra aahe mhanoon nahee, tarr fakt raktala dharmikdrushtya ashuddha kinwa "naji" manale jaate, kahee varnanansah, jarr tyacha sampark keela gela tarr (panyachi upalabdhata naslyas) prakshalan vihit kele jaate. jude dharmat rakt kadhanyasathi serve sastan prani aanee pakshyanche maans (maase navhe) meethane misalale jaate. jyoo lock leviticsmadhil shikavaninche palan karatat, qee "pranyache jeevan raktat aahe" kinwa "rakt papanchya kshama karnyasathi rakheev hote aanee asha prakare devasathi rakheev hote", konihi vyakti rakt khau (kinwa piuu) shakat nahee. iglesiya nee christo aanee jevhahche sakshidar konatehi rakt khanyas kinwa pinyas manai karatat.
bayabalanusar, rakt keval pujechya sandarbhat vishesh kinwa pavitra hetunsathi vaparale jaate (nirgaman adhyay 12,24,29, mathyu 26:29 aanee ibri). pahilya shatkat, majee jyoo (jyoo khrishchan) aanee naveen dharmantarit pararashtriy asey khrishchan, heey doghehi, mosack kayadyachi konati vishisht vaishishtye tyanchyadvare kayam thewali jaatil aanee kayam thewali jaatil yabaddal vadat hote. preshitanchya aadeshane asey suchavale qee, itar goshtimbarobarach, rakt sevan karnyapasoon door rahane aavashyak hoteh
coffey aanee chaha.
"church auph yeshu khrist auph later-day sentschya sadasyansathi 'garam peye' nishiddha aahet. hii sandnya dishabhul karnari aahe kaaran hii bandee keval coffey aanee chaha (mhanje.eae. garam kokaaa kinwa herble chaha nahee). shahanpanacha shabd, charchchya sadasyandvare vaparali jaanari aarogya sanhita, pratibandhit aanee parvanagi asalelya padarthanchi ruparesha dete. bandee nasatanahi, kahee morman samanyatah caffeen talhtat, jyat koola peyancha samavesh asato. satvya divasachya sahsi churchche sadasya dekhil samanyatah caffeenyukt peye talhtat.
eka vyapakpane nondavaleli katha aahe, bahudha apramanik, qee 1600 chya sumaras, kahee kaithalikanni pope clement VIII laa coffever bandee ghalanyache aavahan kele, tyala 'saitanache pey' mhatale. pey chakhalyanantar, popane tippani kelee asey mhatale jaate qee teey pey itake swadisht hote qee keval avishvasanannach teey pyayala dene paap tharel."(coffeecha itihas pahaa.)
manvi stun dudh.
manvi aaichya dudhala sarvavyapipane arbhakanchya poshanasathi sweekarle jaate, tarr kahee sanskratinmadhye dudh sodalyanantar aaichya dudhache sevan karane nishiddha manale jaate.
pratibandhit sanyojan.
yahoodi khadya niyam, kashrut, serve parvanagi asalelya khadyapadarthanche teen shreninmadhye vargikaran karateh maans utpadane, dugdhajanya padarth aanee itar, jeey donhi manale jaatat (keval bhajipala utpadanansah nahee, tarr maase aanee undy dekhil). jevanat kinwa padarthat maans aanee dugdhajanya padarth donhi asoo shakat naheet. tasech, maans aanee maase ekatra shijavale jaau shakat naheet, kinwa maase aanee dudh, jaree itar dugdhajanya padarthansah shijavalelya mashanna parvanagi aahe.
italian pakakrutinmadhye, jaree anek apavad asale taree, seafoods cheej serve karnyavar vyapak varjana aahe.