
vharjiniyamadhil nivadanuka

vharjiniyamadhil nivadanuka virginia rajya sanvidhanachya kalam 1, kalam 5-6 aanee kalam 5 antargat adhikrut aahet, jeey rajyastariy adhikari, mantrimandal aanee vidhimandalachya nivadanuka sthapan karatat. kalam VII kalam 4 heey jilha-stariy adhikadhyanchi nivad sthapit karate.
rajya kayadyanusar nivadanuka niyantrit kelya jaatat. virginia rajya nivadanuk mandal rajya kayadyanusar nivadanukanchya amalbajavanivar dekhrekh thevate.
2020 chya abhyasat, virginia heey nagarikanna matdan karnyasathi 12 weey sarvat sope rajya mhanoon sthan denyat aale hote.
prashasana.
yuu.ess. virginia rajyamadhye pratyek dusya visham-kramankachya varshat novembermadhil pahilya somvaranantarchya pahilya mangalvari (nivadanukicha divas mhanoon adhik olakhala jaanara) rajya sarvatrik nivadanuka hotat. yacha parinam mhanoon, vharjiniyamadhil sarvatrik nivadanuka paddhatshirpane eka varshane sanyukt rajyanchya adhyakshiy nivadanukinantar hotat.
vharjiniyatil sarvatrik nivadanukanchya velee, rajyavyapi karyakari padansathi governor, leftnunt governor aanee mahadhivakta yaa padansathi nivadanuka ghetalya jaatat. virginiachya synet aanee virginia haus auph delegatesmadhil vidhimandal padansathi aanee rashtrakulachya vakeel, sherief, nyayalayache karakoon, khajindar aanee mahasool aayuktanchya county-stariy karyalayansathi dekhil nivadanuka ghetalya jaatat. pratinidhinchya sabhagruhat nivadoon aalele adhikari done varshancha karyakal detat aanee nyayalayin lipic aath varshanchya karyakalasathi nivadle jaatat. itar serve adhikari chaar varshanchya karyakalasathi nivadle jaatat.
virginiacha governor, leftnunt governor aanee mahadhivakta yanchi mothya pramanat nivad kelee jaate. rajya senators aanee pratinidhi sabhagruhache sadasya eka-sadasya jilhyanmadhye nivadle jaatat aanee county-stariy adhikari kauntidware nivadle jaatat.
virginiachya pratinidhi sabhagruhat 100 jaaga aahet aanee cinetmadhye 40 jaaga aahet.
itihas.
american yadavi yuddhanantar (1861-1865) virginia rajkiy ashantatet hota. aata paschim vharjiniyamadhil 48 purvichya parganya gelya hotya, lavkarach aanakhi done jodalya jaanar hotya. virginiachya rashtrakulane yuu. ess. kadey ayashasvipane apeal kele.ess. sarvoch nyayalay. urvarit bhagat, anek nagrik, mukhytah african american varshachya purushanna navyane matdanasathi matadhikar denyat aala. itar anek, pramukhyane majee mahasanghanna suruvatila matadhikarapasun vanchit thevanyat aale hote.
yuu. aii. mhanoon 5 varshannantar nivadanuka punha suru jhalya.ess. lashkari jilha aanee niyantran astavyast hote. 1870 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, puranmatvadi lokshahivadi, prajasattak aanee african american lokanchi yutee ekatra aalee aanee readjuster pakshane sumare 10 varshe satta ghetali. yu. nantar.ess. 1883 chya sumaras sinetara william mahone aanee readjuster pakshane virginiachya rajkaranavarche niyantran gamavale, pandhya lokshahivadyanni rajya vidhimandal parat midavale. tyanni 1901 madhye bahutek african american aanee anek garib goryanna matadhikarapasun vanchit thevanyasathi matdan curr, nivasachi aavashyakta aanee saksharta chachani yasarkhya tartudinsah kayada aanee naveen sanvidhan vaparnyas suruvat kelee. 1960 chya dashakachya madhyat nagri haqq kayade manjur hoiparyant tyanchi matadhikarat kapat suru rahili.
20vya shatkachya madhyat shwet lokshahivadyanni eka-pakshiy rajya nirman kele, jyat jawaljawal aavhan nasalele bahusankhya rajya aanee bahutek sanghiy karyalaye hotee. harry eff. yanchya netrutvakhalil byred sanstha. byred ess. aar. rajyavyapi rajkaranavar mothya pramanat niyantran hote. nagri haqq chalvalitil tyanchya netrutva aanee sakriyatedvare, african american lokanna 1964 chaa nagri haqq kayada aanee 1965 chaa matdan haqq kayada manjur karnyasathi rashtriy pathimba midala, jyane serve nagarikanchi matdanachi kshamata rakhanyasathi federal dekhrekh aanee amalbajavani pradan kelee. matdan adhikar kayadyachya kalam 5 antargat, nivadanukanvar parinam karnare nirnay yu. ess. dware purvparvangichya adheen aahet.ess. teey lagoo honyapurvi nyay vibhag.
rashtradhyaksh lindon johnson aanee rashtriy lokshahivadyanchya nagri hakkanna dilelya pathimbyamule vharjiniyamadhil anek puranmatvadi goryanche lokshahivadyanchya virodhat rupantar jhaale. tathapi, franklin roozveltchya sanghatit kamgaranna asalelya bhakkam pathimbyamule anek virginian lock kiman rashtriy staravar taree, 1930 pasoon prajasattakanna pathimba denyas tayar hote. dakshinechya bahutansh bhaganmadhye republican pakshane jesse helmus aanee strom thurmond sarkhya ujavya vicharsaranichya puranmatvadyanna aakarshit karnyacha cull dakhavala, tarr varjiniyacha gope pradeshik mankannusar adhik madhyam aahe. rajyane madhyamvargiy prajasattak aaa. chee nivad kelee. linwood holton junier. 1970 madhye; holton 20 vya shatkatil pahile prajasattak governor banale, jyamule byred sanghatanecha prabhav prabhavipane sampushtat aala. 1901 madhye tayar kelelya bhedbhavpurn rajyaghatanechya jaagi 1971 madhye sadhyachi virginia rajyaghatna tayar karnyat aalee. holtonchya jaagi aanakhi done prajasattak governor aaleh adhik puranmatvadi mills godwin (eka majee lokshahivadi) aanee johnn aine. dalton. paach-term yuu.ess. sinetara johnn worner aanee congress sadasya tomm davis yannihi virginia prajasattakanchya adhik "madhyam-puranmatvadi" pravruttinche udaharan dile. 1982 teey 1994 paryant, democratsney governor mhanoon kaam kele, 1981 madhye chuck robb aanee gerald ell. nivadoon aale. 1985 madhye ballils. 1989 madhye virginia democrat dugglus wilder governor mhanoon nivad kelee, jyanni 1990 teey 1994 paryant virginiache pahile african-american governor mhanoon kaam kele. 2001 madhye, virginia democrats marqa wornerla governor mhanoon aanee team kenla leftnunt governor mhanoon nivadoon dile aanee 2005 madhye canla governor mhanoon wornerchya jaagi nivadle gele. tathapi, 2009 madhye, bobb mcdonnellne democratic craig deedscha parabhav keela aanee eka republican punha governorchya havelimadhye paratala, jyane '58.61% lokpriy matey' 41.25% midavali. prajasattakanni 2009 madhye serve rajyavyapi sharyati jinkanyat yash midavale, 1997 nantar prathamach tyanni haah parakram keela.
virginia 1952 teey 2004 yaa kalat jawaljawal pratyek adhyakshiy nivadanukit republicansathi matdan kele, parantu 1964 madheel adhyaksh johnson yanchya nivadanukit lokshahicha motha uthav jhaala. hii purvichi malika richard nixonne dakshinekadil ranniti suru kelee tevha suru jhaali aanee tee purvichya sangharajya rajyanmadhye sarvat lamb aahe. 1976 madhye jimmi carterchya tulanet gerald fordla matdan karnare virginia heey ekmev rajya hote. 2008 pasoon, virginia barak obamansah adhyakshiy nivadnukanmadhye democratsna matdan kele aahe; 2016 madhye, donald trumpchya aivaji hiilarii clintonla matdan karnare virginia heey ekmev majee sangharajya rajya hote.
paksh.
vharjiniyamadhye matdar pakshadvare nondani karat naheet aanee vharjiniyamadhye "open primary" aayojit kelya jaatat, jithe konatahi matdar konatyahi pakshasathi matdanacha haqq bajavu shakato. sarvatrik nivadnukanmadhye, sthanik umedvaranche paksh sanlagnata matpatrikevar disat naheet. federal, rajyavyapi aanee sarvasadharan sabha karyalayansathiche umedvar pakshachya padnamansah matpatrikevar disatat.
virginiacha lokshahi paksh aanee virginiacha republican paksh yashivay, itar pakshanmadhye virginiacha libertarian paksh, virginiacha sanvidhan paksh, virginiacha green paksh aanee virginiacha swatantra greens yancha samavesh aahe. truteey paksh aanee apakshanna vharjiniyamadhil nivadanuk sudharanancha, visheshtah matpatrikechya sulabh praveshamule fayda jhaala aahe aanee tyanni rajyavyapi matpatrikevar yeuun aanee maatee aanee jalsandharan jilha mandalanchya jaaga jinkalyanantarhi tyanchi upasthiti jaheer kelee aahe.
shakti santulan.
virginia sarkarcha sattecha samtol
nivadanuka aanee matdananchi yadee.
khaleel taktyat matdaranchya matdanachya sankhyes 1976 pasoonchya serve rajya aanee sanghiy niyamit nivadanukanchi yadee aahe.
alikadchya ghatana.
1989 madhye, dug wilder heey aii. yuu. chey pahile african-american nivadoon aalele governor hote.ess. rajya. virginiacha republican adhyakshiy umedvaranna pathimba aanee eka puranmatvadi rajya mhanoon pratishtha asoonahi, matdaranni 1980 chya dashakat salag teen governoral sharyatinsathi lokshahi umedvaranchi nivad kelee. yavyatirikt, virginia mahasabhechya donhi sabhagruhanmadhye lokshahi pratinidhinni mothe bahumat rakhale. grameen aanee upnagariy jilhyantil anek lokshahi rajya pratinidhinchi vividh mudyanvar puranmatvadi bhoomika hotee.
1990 chya dashakat virginia kahee rajkiy punarrachanecha anubhav ghetala, 1994 teey 2002 paryant george elon aanee jiim gillmore yaa puranmatvadi prajasattakanna governorpadasathi nivadle. jiim gillmore yanchya 'noow qaar tacks' chya pratidnyela rajyabhar bumper stickers aanee yard chinhanvar ankit karnyat aale. prajasattakanni mahasabhechi donhi sabhagruhe tabyat ghetali aanee bahumat nirman kele. grameen aanee upnagariy bhagatil puranmatvadi aanee madhyam lokshahivadi lokanchi jaaga prajasattak pratinidhinni ghetali. republican pakshat, adhik puranmatvadi karyalayin sadasyanni holtonchya qamee puranmatvadi "parvat-daree" gatache avashesh badalale, kaaran anek sadasya shenandoh khore aanee nairutya virginiache hote.
aath varshanchya prajasattak governorshipnanter, 2001 madhye marqa worner yaa purogami udhyogpatine governorship jinkley aanee rajyanchya serve vibhagankadun paishanmadhye kapat karoon mandishi sambandhit arthsankalpiy adchanincha samna keela. virginiachi karyakari shakha rajyapalanna salag karyakalat kaam karnyas manai aahe yaa vastusthitimule maryadit aahe, hii eka ghatanatmak tartud aahe jee virginia itar konatyahi rajyapasoon vegali karate. virginia sarvasadharan sabhet anek dashakanchya lokshahi rajvatinantar, 21vya shatkachya uttaradhat prajasattakanni niyantran midavale aanee tyanchya vidyamananchya sanrakshanasathi twarit punarvitaran kele. 2005 madhye wornerche leftnunt governor team qeena yanni jairie kilgor aanee "swatantra prajasattak" rajya synet sadasya rus pots yanchyavar rajyapalpad jinkale.
2006 madhye, jiim webne makaka slur ghatanechya parshvabhumivar george elancha alpaswalp parabhav keela. elanchya chukibaddal matdaranchya pratikriyene yaa pradeshatil nagarikanchya badalatya sanvedana darshavilya; tyapurvi, elanla nivadanukit done ankee aaghadi midali hotee. 2007 madhye, virginia chalak shulk kayadyane rajkiy gadarol nirman keela jevha rahivashanna samajale qee tyanna kahee halana ullanghanansathi $3,000 dand bharava lagla. eka online yachikene patkan lakho swakshya gola kelya, jyamule aamdaranna tyanchya bhoomikevar punarvichar karnyasathi tyaa novembermadhye punha nivadanukisathi prerit kele. virginiachya rajkaranavar prabhav taknyat internetne itaki natyamay bhoomika bajavanyachi hii pahilich vel hotee. 2007 madhye, democratsney rajya synetvar punha niyantran midavale aanee pratinidhinchya sabhagruhat prajasattak bahumat 7 kinwa 8 matanparyant sankuchit kele.
mageel daha adhyakshiy nivadanukansathi prajasattak umedvaranna pathimba dilyanantar virginia 2008 madhye democrat barak obamanna matdan kele. bhavishyatil rashtrapatipadachya nivadanukansathi virginia heey 'swing steet' manale jaau shakate. obamansathichya 6.3 takkechya tyachya antaramule teey rashtriy matanche (7.2 takke obama antar) jawalche soochak banale.
november 2009 chya sarvatrik nivadanukit republican bobb mcdonnellne 18 takke farkane governorpad jinkale, tarr republican leftnunt governor aanee atterney general umedvar biil balling aanee qeena kusinelli yannihi aapapalya sharyati jinkalya. tyanni republican pakshane pratinidhi sabhagruhat paach atirikt jaaga jinkun rajyavyapi laabh midvoon deela.
november 2010 chya federal nivadnukanmadhye, prajasattakanni teen yuu.ess. purvi democratschya tabyat asalelya sadnika aanee vharjiniyatil akra jaganpaiki aath jaaga, democratschya teen jaganchya tulanet pudhe gelya.
november 2018 chya federal nivadnukanmadhye, democratsney teen yuu.ess. purvi prajasattakanchya tabyat asalelya sadnika aanee virginiachya akra jaganpaiki saat jaaga, tarr prajasattakanchya chaar jaaga hotya.
1977 teey november 2013 paryant, virginia tyaa kalatil united stateschya sadhyachya adhyakshanchya tulanet viruddha rajkiy pakshacha rajyapal nivadala hota.
virginiache sadhyache governor glain yangkin heey 2021 chya nivadanukit governor mhanoon nivadoon aale hote aanee janewari 2022 madhye tyanche udghatan jhaale.
pradeshik farak.
nuktyach jhalelya nivadnukanmadhye uttar virginia lokshahi umedvaranna pasanti dilee aahe. 2004 chya united stateschya adhyakshiy nivadanukit, johnn kereene fairfax county jinkley, joou dirghkal prajasattakcha balekilla hota, aanee 2000 madhye all gorchya tulanet urvarit uttar vharjiniyamadhye samanyatah changli kamgiri kelee. tathapi, hii vaadh asoonahi, uttar vharjiniyatil arlington county vagalata itar serve county too gamavala. uttar vharjiniyatil badalatya matdanachya pravruttichya ulat, urvarit vharjiniyatil bahusankhya lokanni republican pakshala pathimba deela aahe. rajyatil kahee bhag jase mahavidhyalayin shahare aanee black belt pradeshatil aagney parganyanmadhye lokshahi matdan honyachi shakyata jaast aahe.
2005 aanee 2006 madhye, democrats team qeena (governorsathi sharyat) aanee jiim web (sinetchya sharyatit) yanni uttar virginia pradeshatil jawaljawal serve adhikarkshetra jinkale. 2001 madhye governorpad jinktana alekzandriya nivasi marqa wornerne itake adhikarkshetra jinkale navhate. yaulat, wornerne grameen bhagat, visheshtah nairutya vharjiniyamadhye tulanene jordar kamgiri kelee. tyanchya mohimemadhye grameen sanskrutik mulyancha (jase qee bandukiche haqq) aanee aarthik vikasasathichya dhoranancha aadar karnyavar bharr denyat aala hota.
rajyatil sarvat mothya shaharat, virginia samudrakinara (popp. 4, 50, 000), bahutansh nivadoon aalele adhikari prajasattak aahet. tathapi, rajyatil sarvadhik loksankhya asalelya fairfax countymadhil (popp. 1,250,000), lokshahivadi aahet. republican pakshache balekille nairutya virginiachya parganyanmadhye, staffordsarkhya bahya shahari uttar virginia parganyanmadhye aanee hannover parganyasarkhya richmond upnagaranmadhye aahet. uttar virginiachya aateel upnagaranmadhye, charlotsville shahar aanee albemarle countymadhil tyachya upnagaranmadhye aanee norphoke, portsmouth, newport news aanee hampton yaa audhyogik hampton rastyanchya shaharanmadhye aanee richmond shaharatahi lokshahivadi varchasva gajavatat. uttar vharjiniyamadhil laudoun aanee prince william parganya aanee richmond upnagaratil henrico parganya heey teen sarvat mahattvache "swing jilhe" aahet. yaa tinhi 'swing' parganyanni adhyaksh george doubleu. 2000 aanee 2004 madhye busch, 2008 aanee 2012 madhye barak obama aanee 2016 madhye hiilarii clinton. 2018 chya madhyavadhi nivadnukanmadhye laudaun county aanee henrico kauntine congresschya lokshahi sadasyanna matdan kele tarr prince williamne prajasattakala matdan kele. tinhi parganya team qeena aanee jiim web yanni chalavalya. laudaun aanee prince william parganyanmadhye democratsney aamsabhet purvichya prajasattak-tabyat asalelya jaaga jinkalya aahet.
matdanacha adhikar.
2009 madhye, governor team qeena yanni virginia nivadnukanmadhye viina-dosh lavkar matdan karnyas adhikrut karnyacha prastav mandala, itar 26 rajyanni tyala parvanagi dilee aahe. 26 janewari 2009 roji heey vidheyak lokshahi-niyantrit sinetane manjur kele. tathapi, prajasattak-niyantrit pratinidhi sabhagruhane haah prastav raddabatal tharavala.
governor qeena yanni purvi ahinsak gunhyansathi doshi tharalelya gunhegaranchya matdanacha adhikar punarsanchayit karnyasathi nagri gatanchya yutisobat kaam kele. kenchya karmchanyanni atirikt dosharop naan karata kiman paach varshe turungatoon baher padalelya gunhegaranchya pratyek vaiyaktik arjacha aadhava ghetala. purv gunhegari doshasiddhimule andaje 300,000 virginia nagarikanna matdan karanyachi parvanagi nahee.