
doke

doke haah jivanacha eka bhag aahe jyamadhye sahasa qaan, mendu, kapal, gaal, hanuvati, dolhe, naak aanee tond yancha samavesh asato, jyapaiki pratyek drushti, shravan, vaas aanee chav yasarkhya vividh sanvedanatmak karyanmadhye madat karate. kahee agadi sadhya pranyanna doke nasel, parantu aakarachi parva naan karata anek dwaipakshik samamiteey prakar asey karatat. 
sephalisation mhanoon olakhalya jaananya utkrantishil pravruttidvare pranyanmadhye dokya vikasit hotat. dwaipakshik samamiteey pranyanmadhye, majjasansthechi ootee agrabhagavar kendrit hote, jyamule mahitee prakriyesathi jababdar sanrachana tayar hotat. jaivik utkrantidvare, indriye aanee aahar sanrachana dekhil agrabhagat kendrit hotat; heey ektritpane doke tayar karatat.
manvi doke.
manvi doke heey eka sharirik ekak aahe jyamadhye kavati, hyoid haad aanee grivechya mankyancha samavesh asato. kavati haah shabd ektritpane mandibal (jabadyache khalche haad) aanee kapal (kavaticha varcha bhag joou mendula aashray deto) darshavito. 
manvi dokyanchi shilpe samanyatah kankal sanrachanevar aadharit asatat jyat kapal, jabadyachi haad aanee galanchi haad asate. jaree chehara tayar karananya snayunchi sankhya samanyatah shilpanmadhye susangat asali taree, snayuncha aakar karya, vikas aanee vishayanchya chehnyanvar pratibimbit honanya abhivyaktinvar aadharit mothya pramanat badalato.
olakhvadachya samarthakancha assa vishvas aahe qee munn heey mendusarkhech aahe. tatvadnya johnn searl aaplya olakhvadi vishvasanvar thampane thampane sangato, "manvi dokyatil mendu hii ekmev gosht aahe". tyachpramane, dow. heinry bennet-clarkney mhatale aahe qee, heey doke kotyavadhi "laghuarjak aanee sukshmaarjakanna (ekach boss nasalele)" vedhate.
itar prani.
dokyachi utkranti hii sumare 55.5 kotee varshanpurvi bilateriamadhye jhalelya sephalisationshi sambandhit aahe.
sandhivat.
kahee sandhivatanmadhye, visheshtah trilobitesmadhye (ujavikade chitrit), cephalone kinwa cephalic pradesh haah dokyacha pradesh asato joou 'fused segment' chaa samooh asato.
keetak.
eka vaishishtyapurn kitakanche doke dolhe, antena aanee tondachya ghatakanpasun banalele asate. heey ghatak kitkannusar kitkanmadhye lakshaniyaritya bhinn asalyane, teey olakhanyache mahattvache duve tayar karatat. anek prakarchya kitkanmadhye aadhalanare dokyatil dolhe, anek chehare asalelya sanyugma dolhyanchya jodichya swarupat asatat. itar anek prakarchya kitkanmadhye, sanyug dolhe "ekach pailumadhye kinwa ekach pailoochya gatamadhye" disatat. kahee prakarananmadhye, dolhe prushthbhagavar kinwa dokyachya jawal kinwa dishene, done kinwa teen oseli (eka bajuche avyav) asalelya khuna mhanoon pahile jaau shakatat.
kitkanchya dokyavar antena heey samanyatah dolhyanchya darmyan asalelya jodyanmadhye, vibhajit jodyanchya swarupat aadhaltat. heey vegvegalya aakarat aanee aakarat, tantunchya swarupat kinwa vegvegalya vadhalelya kinwa ektrit swarupat asatat.
kitkanchya khanyachya savayinnusar tyanche tond vividh aakarat asate. labrum haah "varcha oth" aahe joou dokyachya pudhil bhagat asato aanee sarvat bahereel bhag asato. tondala lagoon asalelya labrumchya magchya bajula eka jodee mandibles aadhaltat, jyanantar maxilachi eka jodee yete, jyapaiki pratyekala maxiliary palp mhanatat. tondachya magchya bajula labium kinwa khalcha oth asato. kahee kitkanmadhye tondacha eka atirikt bhag dekhil asato jyala hypopharynx mhanatat joou samanyatah maxilacchya darmyan asato.
prushthavanshiy prani aanee 'naveen doke gruhitak'.
jaree aprushthavanshiy cordates-jase qee tunicate alya kinwa lanslet-yanna doke asale taree, mukhya sharirapasoon spashtapane vegale kelelya hadanchya kavatiche vaishishtya asalele prushthavanshiy doke yaa pranyanchya dokyachya sanrachanepasun kase vikasit jhaale asave assa prashna aahe.
himmon (1979) nusar, prushthavanshiy pranyanmadhil dokyachi utkranti itar "visham vibhajit pranyanpramanech", purv bhaganchya nishchit sankhyechya sanyugmamule jhaali aahe. kahee prakarananmadhye, vibhag kinwa vibhagancha eka bhag nahisa hoto. majjasanstha vagalata, dokyache bhag dekhil tyanchya bahutek pranali gamavatat. sephalisation pragatishil vikasasah, "haid tyachya sanrachanet adhikadhik sanlagn vibhag samavisht karate, jenekarun sarvasadharanpane asey mhatale jaau shakate qee sephalisation praman jitke jaast asel titke haid tayar karananya vibhaganchi sankhya jaast asel".
1980 chya dashakat, 'naveen haid hypothesis' prastavit karnyat aale hote, jeey suchavate qee kasherukiche doke hii majjatantu shikhar aanee kapaliy plecodeschya udayamule udbhavnari utkrantivadi naveenata aahe. 2014 madhye, lansletchi kshanik alya ootee majjatantuchya shikharapasun vyutpann upasthipasun aksharshah aprabhedya asalyache aadhalun aale jeey kasheruki kavati tayar karate, asey suchavate qee yaa uutincha satatya aanee sampoorn shirakshetrat vistar haah kasherukichya dokyachya nirmitisathi eka vyavharya utkranti marg asoo shakato.
samaj aanee sanskruti.
heraldry.
manav aanee itar pranyanche doke heey vanshparamparagat sambandhat samanyatah varanvar aakarle jaanare shulk asate. manavanchya dokyanna kadhikadhi fakt 'manasache doke' mhanoon petavale jaate, parantu adhik tapshilvar varnan kele jaate, ektar vishisht vansh kinwa rashtriyateche vaishishtya (jase qee moorschee doki, saxonchi doki, egyptianchi doki kinwa turkanchi doki), kinwa visheshtah olakhale jaate (jase qee hiltonchya shikharavaril mosesache doke kinwa sentche doke. london company auph tallochandalschya shikharavaril johnn daad baptist). mahilanchya dokyanche anek prakar dekhil aadhaltat, jyat kanyanchi doki (anekada putalyachya khalee, cases kapoon), mahilanchi doki, nanchi doki (anekada jhakaleli) aanee kadhikadhi ranyanchi doki yancha samavesh hoto. norphokchya devanechya bahunmadhye "teen nanchi doki ujavya khandyavar jhakaleli" aanee quinbero, kentchya bahunmadhye ranicha putala aadhalato. balanchi kinwa mulanchi doki anekada manela saap gundaloon khandyavar gundalali jaatat (udaa.jee. "argent, mulache doke barobar, chiralele kinwa khandyankhali, nihit gule, kalankit sone", mulachya bahunmadhye).
qalaa.
jacq hamchya sallyanusar, dokyachi rekhachitre kadhanyacha eka marg mhanje, andyachya aakaratil dokyachya aakarapasun suruvat karoon, sahaa suspasht payyanmadhye tee vikasit karane. visheshtah madiche doke duheri vartul rachana prakriyet rekhatale jaate, jyache praman madiche doke aadarsh manale jaate. pahilya vartulat, vibhagani paach vibhaganni kelee jaate, pratyek vibhag paach dolhyanchya rundicha asato. tyanantar teey daha paribhashit payyanchya malikemadhye vikasit kele jaate, chauthya tappyat khalchya tokala mothya vartulavar anshatah aakarlele lahan vartul. doke tayar karnyasathi dolhe aanee hanuvati vividh aakarat basavalya jaatat.
jagatil mahan kalakaranpaiki eka manale jaanare leonardo daa vincy yanni jaali sanrachanancha vapar karoon manvi sharirshastrachi rekhachitre kadhali. greed rachana tattvavar rekhatalelya chehnyachi tyachi pratima paripoorn pramanat aahe. yaa shailimadhye, paine aanee shaiche tantra vaparoon, leonardone eka rekhachitra tayar kele jeey "doke aanee dolhyanchya pramanavaril abhyas" aahe (chitrat).
bhashavyavrutti abhivyakti.
vakprachar haah eka vakyansh kinwa nishchit abhivyakti aahe jyacha lakshanik kinwa kadhikadhi shabdasha arth asato.
abhiyantriki aanee vaidnyanik kshetre.
dokyache karya aanee swaroop anek tantrik sandnyanchya vyutpattimadhye samaan bhoomika bajavate. cylinder haid, pothead aanee wetherhead hii ashee teen udaharane aahet.