
anuroop pratirupan

analogical modelling (aii. emm.) haah udaharan aadharit analogical reasoningcha eka aupcharik siddhant aahe, joou royal schoozen, provo, utah yetheel brigham young universitymadhye bhashashastra aanee ingraji bhasheche pradhyapak yanni prastavit keela aahe. heey bhasha modelling aanee itar vargikaran karyanna lagoo hote. anuroop pratirupan heey jodanivad aanee jawalchya shejari drushtikonanshi sambandhit aahe, jyamadhye teey amoort-aadharit nasoon deta-aadharit aahe; parantu apoorn detasetcha samna karnyachya (jase qee semulated alpakalin memory maryadanmule) aanee detasetchya serve sambandhit vibhaganvar, mug teey jawalche asso kinwa door, andaj aadharit karnyachya kshamatedvare teey vegale kele jaate. bhasha modelingmadhye, mea anubhavjanyadrushtya vaidh swarupancha yashasvipane andaj vartavala aahe jyasathi konatehi saiddhantik spashtikaran dnyat navhate (scousen aanee itaranmadhil finnish aakarshastrachi charcha pahaa. 2002). 
amalbajavani.
vihangavalokan.
udaharan-aadharit modelmadhye samanya-uddeshache modelling engine aanee samasya-vishisht dataset asato. detasetmadhye, pratyek udaharan (tark karnyasarkhe prakaran, kinwa mahitipurn bhootkalatil anubhav) eka vaishishtya vector mhanoon disateh samasyechi vyakhya karananya mapdandanchya sanchasathi mulyanchi eka pankti. udaharanarth, shabdalekhan-teey-dhwani karyat, vaishishtya vectormadhye shabdachi akshare asoo shakatat. detasetmadhil pratyek udaharan, tayar karnyasathi phonum kinwa phone yasarkhya parinamansah sangrahit kele jaate. jevha modella naveen paristhiti (parinam-qamee vaishishtya vectorchya swarupat) sadar kele jaate, tevha engine algoridmikali detasetche vargikaran karate aanee tyachyasarkhi upayukt udaharane shodhate aanee eka nivadte, jyacha parinam modelcha andaj aahe. algoridamche tapasheel eka udaharan-aadharit modelling pranalila dusyapasoon vegale karatat.
mea madhye, aapan vaishishtyanchya moolyanna sandarbh darshavinari manato aanee parinamala tyaa sandarbhat ghadanare vartan manato. tyanusar, naveen paristhitila 'dilela sandarbh' mhanoon olakhale jaate."sandarbhatil dnyat vaishishtye pahata, aii. emm. engine paddhatshirpane serve sandarbh tayar karate jyat tyacha samavesh aahe (tyache serve" "atisambandhit" ") aanee detasetmadhun ark pratyekatil udaharane tayar karatat". tyanantar engine tyaa atisanvadanna kadhoon takte jyanche parinam visangat aahet (susangatatechya yaa mojamapachi pudhil charcha kelee jaeel), atisanvadancha "samaan sanch" sodoon dete aanee sambhavyadrushtya mothya atisanvadatil lokanprati purvagrah asalelya samansanvad sanchatoon eka udaharan nivadte. haah bahustareey shodh vartanacha andaj vartavanyachi shakyata vegane vadhavato kaaran too dilelya sandarbhasarkhya vishisht settingsmadhye vishvasarhpane ghadato.
tapshilvar anuroop modelling.
pratyek prakaranasathi mea teech prakriya karato, jyache moolyankan karnyas sangitale jaate. dilelya sandarbhamadhye, n chalancha samavesh aahe, sootra _ 1 supracontext tayar karnyasathi namuna mhanoon vaparla jaato. pratyek atiprasang haah udaharanancha eka sanch asato jyamadhye eka kinwa adhik chalanchi moolye dilelya sandarbhat samaan asatat aanee itar chalankade durlaksh kele jaate. pratyakshat, pratyek heey detache drushya aahe, jeey dilelya sandarbhatil samanatechya kahee nikashansathi filter karoon tayar kele jaate aanee adhilambitancha ekoon sanch asha serve drushyancha shevat karato. vaikalpikaritya, pratyek atiprasang haah karyacha eka siddhant kinwa prastavit niyam aahe jyachya bhavishyasuchak shaktiche moolyankan karane aavashyak aahe.
heey lakshat ghene mahatvache aahe qee adhilakshi heey ekmekanshi samaan samvayask naheet; teey dilelya sandarbhapasunchya tyanchya antaranusar vyavasthit kele jaatat, jyamule eka padanukram tayar hoto. jarr ekhada atiprasang itar eka karat asalelya serve chalanna nirdisht karato aanee barech kahee, tarr too tyaa dusyachaaa upaprasang aahe aanee too dilelya sandarbhajaval aahe. (padanukram katekorpane shakha nahee; pratyek atiprasang swatach itar anekancha up-sandarbh asoo shakato aanee tyat anek up-sandarbh asoo shakatat.) haah padanukram algoridamchya pudhil tappyat mahattvapoorn hoto.
engine aata adhilakshi ghatakatoon anuroop sanch nivadte. eka atiprasangamadhye ashee udaharane asoo shakatat jee keval ekach vartan darshavtat; tee nirdharakdrushtya eksandh asate aanee samavisht kelee jaate. heey niyamitata darshavinare detache drushya aahe kinwa eka sambandhit siddhant aahe joou adyap kadhihi nakarla gelela nahee. eka atiprasang anek vartane pradarshit karoo shakato, parantu tyat konatihi udaharane nasatat jee adhik vishisht atiprasangat (mhanje, tyachya konatyahi upprabandhat) udbhavtat; yaa prakaranat tee anirdharitpane eksandh aahe aanee samavisht aahe. yethe paddhatshir vartan hote yacha konatahi motha purava nahee, parantu konatahi prativad dekhil nahee. shevati, eka atiprasang heey vijatiy asoo shakate, yacha arth teey upaprasangat aadhalanare vartan (dilelya sandarbhajaval) aanee nasalele vartan dekhil darshavate. jethe anirdharitpane eksandh atiprasangache sandigdha vartan sweekarle gele, teey nakarle jaate kaaran madhyavarti upaprasang darshavito qee eka changla siddhant shodhala jaau shakato. tyamule vishamatapoorn atiprasang vagalala jaato. heey hummy dete qee aapan dilelya sandarbhakade jaat asatana anuroop sanchamadhye arthpurn susangat vartanat vaadh pahato.
samanatechya sanchasah nivadalyas, udaharanachya pratyek swarupala (dilelya udaharanasathi anek samanatechya atisanvadanmadhye disu shakate) tyachya atisanvadatil udaharanachya pratyek itar swarupala eka nirdeshak deela jaato. yapaiki eka nirdeshak nantar yadruchchikpane nivadala jaato aanee tyache anusaran kele jaate aanee jyaa udaharanakade too nirdesh karato too parinam pradan karato. yamule pratyek atiprasangala tyachya aakarachya chauras pramananusar mahatva milate aanee pratyek udaharan jyaa aakarat disate tyaa serve samanaritine susangat asalelya atiprasanganchya aakaranchya bereejchya thet pramanat nivadle jaanyachi shakyata asate. mug, arthat, ekhadya vishisht parinamacha andaj lavnyachi sambhavyata tyala samarthan denanya serve udaharananchya saranshit sambhavyatechya pramanat asate.
sootra.
sootra _ 2 ghatkansah sandarbh deela aaheh
udaharanadakhal.
hii shabdavali eka udaharanadvare sarvat changlya prakare samajoon ghetali jaate. scousionchya (1989) dusya adhyayat vaparlya gelelya udaharanamadhye, pratyek sandarbhat sambhavya moolyansah teen chull asatat, 0-3
detasetsathiche done parinam 'eae' aanee 'aar' aahet aanee udaharane ashee aaheth
 3 1 0 eae
 0 3 2 aar
 2 1 0 aar
 2 1 2 aar
 3 1 1 aar
aamhi asha prakare nirdeshakanche jaale paribhashit karatoh
ghan resha julananya parinamansah udaharananmadhil nirdesh darshavtat; thipkedar resha naan julananya parinamansah udaharananmadhil nirdesh darshavtat.
yaa udaharanasathichi aakadevari khalilpramane aaheh
vartanacha andaj keval dilelya sandarbhasathich lavala jaau shakato; yaa udaharanat, aapan "312" yaa sandarbhasathi parinamacha andaj lavuya. heey karnyasathi, aaplyala pratham dilelya sandarbhasah serve sandarbh sapadatat; yaa sandarbhanna atisambandhit sandarbh mhanatat. dilelya sandarbhat variables paddhatshirpane kadhoon takoon aapan supracontext shodhato; "m" variables, samanyatah formula _ 19 superacontexts asateel. khaleel taktyat pratyek up-aanee atisanyojakanchi yadee aahe; yacha arth 'x nahee' aanee '-' mhanje 'kahihi'.
heey sandarbh khaleel wein aakrutimadhye darshavile aaheth
pudhil payari mhanje konate sandarbh eksandh aahet heey nirdharit karnyasathi konati udaharane konatya sandarbhanshi sambandhit aahet heey nirdharit karane. khaleel taktyat pratyek upaparampar, dilelya udaharananchya sandarbhat tyanche vartan aanee vartanatil asahmatichi sankhya darshavili aaheh
vareel taktyatil up-sandarbhanche vishleshan kartana, aaplyala disate qee konatyahi matbhedansah keval 1 up-sandarbh aaheh "31", jyamadhye detasetmadhye "310eae" aanee "311aar" asatat. yaa up-sandarbhat 2 matbhed aahet; 1 pratyek udaharanatun dusyakday nirdesh karate (varr chitrit kelele nirdeshak jaale pahaa). tyamule, yaa up-sandarbhasah keval atee-sandarbhanmadhyech konatehi matbhed asateel. eksandh atisanvad olakhanyasathi aapan eka sadha niyam vapartoho
jarr atiprasangatil matbhedanchi sankhya samavisht asalelya upaprasangatil matbhedanpeksha jaast asel tarr aapan mhanato qee teey vijatiy aahe; anyatha, teey ekroop aahe.
eksandh atiprasang nirman karananya 3 paristhiti aaheth
keval done vijatiy atisanyojakta aahet "-1-" aanee "---". tyaa doghanmadhye, heey 'aar' parinam asalelya itar up-samparkache anirdharit '31' chey sanyojan aahe jyamule vishamata nirman hote.
pratyakshat eksandh atiprasangacha chautha prakar aaheh tyat ekapeksha jaast rikt nasalela upaprasang aahe aanee too anirdharit aahe, parantu pratyek upaprasangatil parinamanchi varanvarta agadi sarkhich aahe. tathapi, done karananmule, samaan pratirupan yaa paristhiticha vichar karat naheeh
pudhe aapan analogical sanch tayar karato, jyamadhye serve nirdeshak aanee sajatiy supracontextsche parinam asatat.
khaleel aakruti thalak kelelya eksandh sandarbhansah nirdeshak jaale darshavate.
pudhil taktyat nirdeshancha saransh deela aaheh
anuroop sanchatil 4 nirdeshak 'eae' parinamashi sambandhit aahet aanee itar 9 'aar' shhee sambandhit aahet. sakali, eka nirdeshak yadruchchikpane nivadala jaato aanee too jyaa parinamacha ishara deto tyacha andaj lavala jaato. ekoon 13 nirdeshansah, parinamacha andaj vartavanyachi sambhavyata 'eae' hii 4/13 kinwa 30.8% aahe aanee parinamachya 'aar' sathee tee 9/13 kinwa 69.2% aahe. eksandh atisanvadi majkuratil pratyek ghatanesathichya nirdeshanchi yadee karoon aapan adhik tapshilvar vivaran tayar karoo shakatoh
tyanantar aapan deta sanchatil pratyek udaharanacha "anuroop parinam" pahoo shakato.
aitihasik sandarbh.
bhasheche varnan karnyasathi kiman sosherchya kalapasoon sadrushya upayukt manale gele aahe. nome chomsky aanee itaranni alikadech sadrushyavar teeka kelee aahe qee teey kharokharach upayukt tharnyasathi khoop aspasht aahe (1991), jeey duce ex machinache aavahan aahe."scousencha prastav, mansik vaidhatesathi chachani karata yeil asha sadrushyasathi eka spasht yantrana prastavit karoon tyaa tikela sambodhit karato asey disate.
anuprayog.
dhvanyatmak aanee aakarvidnyan (bhashashastra) teey varnarachana aanee vakyarachana yaa prayoganmadhye anuroop pratirupanacha vapar keela gela aahe.
samasya.
jaree analogical modeling uddisht bhashashastradnyanni tayar kelelya niyamanpasoon mukt asalele model tayar karane asale, taree tyachya sadhyachya swarupat sanshodhakanni konate chull vicharat ghyave heey nivadane aavashyak aahe. analogical modelingchi amalbajavani karnyasathi vaparlya jaanarya sanganak softwarechya prakriya shaktichya aavashyaktanchya tathakathit "ghatankiy sphotamule" heey aavashyak aahe. alikadil sanshodhan asey suchavate qee quantum sanganakeey asha kamgirichya adthalyanvar (scousion aanee itar) upay pradan karoo shakate. 2002, pii. pii. 45-47 pahaa.)