
openheimer wii. catermol

openheimer wii catermol [1976] aii. see. 249 haah ingraji nyayalayane jyoo malmattechya viniyogashi sambandhit nazi kalatil kayadyanna manyata denyas nakar dyava qee nahee yachyashi sambandhit eka nyayik nirnay aahe. nazi kayada itka anyaykarak aahe qaa qee nahee yaa prashnavar nyayalayanni vichar keela qee tyane tyala kayada mhanoon manyata denyas nakar deela pahije, asha prakare "kayada aanee naitikatechya sankalpananmadhil sambandh" vadhavala pahije.
prativadi, fredrick catermol, curr nirikshak hota.
haus auph lordsmadhye, laurd cross auph chelsey prasiddhapane aayojit kele geleh
parshvabhoomi.
shree. meyer oppenheimer yancha janm 1896 madhye germanymadhye jhaala. tyanni tethe shikshak mhanoon patrata prapt kelee aanee 1919 teey 1939 yaa kalat sumare 20 varshe tyanni bavariyatil jyoo anathalayat adhyapan kele. tyala dachau yetheel chhalchhavanit kahee kalasathi tabyat thevanyat aale hote, parantu tyachya sutkenantar lagechach too 1939 madhye germany sodoon englandla gela aanee tevhapasoon too yethech rahat aahe. 1948 madhye tyanni naisargikakaranasathi arj keela aanee teey naisargik british vishay banale. 1953 madhye german adhikaanyaanee jyoo dharmik samudayanchya karmchanyanna nuksanbharpai denyacha nirnay ghetala. tyanni kardatyanna 1 aktoobar 1952 pasoon nivruttivetan dile. 1961 madhye teey 65 varshanche jhaale aanee tyanni tyanna dusare nivruttivetan dile. donhi nivruttivetan germanychya sarvajanik nidhitun dey hote."nivruttivetan heey tyachyavar jhalelya anyayachi bharpai mhanoon hote.
nyayalayansathi prashna hota qee, oppenheimer tyachya done nivruttivetananvar ingraji aaykar bharnyas jababdar aahe qaa? heey tyachya rashtriyatevar avalambun hote. jarr too keval united kingdamcha nagrik asel tarr curr dey hota. dusarikade, jarr tyachyakade britton aanee germany yaa donhinche duheri nagrikatva asel, tarr tyala ingraji aaykaratoon suut denyat aalee hotee. heey britton aanee germany yanchyat jhalelya duheri karpranalichya kararatoon udbhavale, jeey nantar ingraji kayadyat samavisht karnyat aale. 
1968 madhye, german federal ghatanatmak nyayalayane nirnay deela qee 1941 chaa hukum "abb initio" raddabatal hota, parantu tyaa nirnayacha konatahi purvalakshi parinam jhaala nahee. shree. oppenheimer yanna german nagrik mhanoon punarsthapanesathi arj karnyacha adhikar midala aanee tyanni tase kele, aanee darja aapoaap manjur keela gela. tyanantar tyala duheri curr kararatil duheri rashtriyatechya tartudicha fayda jhaala, tyamule yaa prakaranat fakt tyacha darja aanee nivruttivetan 1953-54 teey 1967-68 paryant samavisht hote.
nirnay prathamatah.
heey prakaran pratham brittonchya aaykar vishesh aayuktanni nishchit kele, jyanni nirnay ghetala qee openheimer keval british hota, germanhi navhata aanee mhanoon tyala tyachya nivruttivetanavar curr bharava lagla. tyancha nirnay 1913 chya german kayadyavar aadharit hota, jevha desh yuddhat asatana konatihi guntagunt navhati, jyat asey mhatale hote qee jarr ekhadya germanne parvangishivay paradeshi nagrikatva midavale tarr tyache german nagrikatva gamavale.
1941 chya aanakhi eka german kayadyavar yaa prakaranacha nirnay ghene aayuktanna anavashyak vatale, jyat asey mhatale hote qee germanytil eka jyune germany sodalyanantar lagechach tyache german nagrikatva gamavale. heey lakshat ghene mahattvache aahe qee kalantargat. yuddhanantarchya german sanvidhanachya 116 (2) nusar, 1941chya aadeshacha konatahi balee german adhikanyanna arj karoon tyache german nagrikatva punha suru karnyacha haqq hota. heey tyane kele navhate.
1948 madhye naisargikaritya janm ghenyachya velee too german hota, asey openehimarne tyachya brittonchya rashtriyatechya prapatravar sadar kele.
golding jeey.
tyanantar praptikarasathi vishesh aayuktanni ghetalelya prashasakeey nirnayacha nirnay jeey. golding yanni ghetala, jyanni openheimerchya bajoone nirnay ghetala; tyanna donhi rashtriyatva asalyache ghoshit karnyat aale aanee tyanchya nivruttivetanavar curr bharava lagla nahee.
1913 chya german kayadyacha konatahi parinam jhaala nahee, kaaran 1941 chya kayadyane, joou keval jyoo lokanvar prabhavi hota, tyane aadhich aapale rashtriyatva gamavale hote, yaa openhymerchya vakilanchya yuktivadala goldingne sahmati darshavali. tyanantar ingraji kayadyane too german dekhil hota, haah eka kayadeshir kalpanaramya paryay tayar jhaala. yamagil tark haah kayadeshir bhashyakar jeey. yanni lihilelya lekhacha vishay aahe. jee. marylls, shafield vidyapithatil kayadyache edward bramley pradhyapak.
apeal nyayalayat nikal.
golding jeey. yanchya nirnayala aaykar vishesh aayuktanni apeal kele hote aanee laurd denning emm. yanni apeal nyayalayat sunavani kelee hotee.aar (master auph daad rolls)., bakale aanee or ell.jeey. jeey. tyanni vishesh aayuktanchya bajoone nirnay ghetala aanee tyamule oppenheimerla aata tyachya nivruttivetanavar curr bharnyache aadesh midale.
laurd denningchya matey, jevha 1948 madhye oppenheimerne tyache united kingdamche rashtriyatva sweekarle tevha tyache german rashtriyatva kayam thevane ashakya hote kaaran rashtriyatva aanee nishtha hatat haat ghaloon jaatat aanee ekhadi vyakti ekmekanshi yuddh karananya done deshanshi nishtha thevu shakat nahee.
laurd denningne sangitale qee yaa prakaranat rashtriyatva nishchit karane heey ingraji kayadyasathi hote. tyanni russell jeey. chaa sandarbhahi deela. stoek vhee. madhye. sarvajanik vishvast "[1921] 2 chaa. 67, 82: "ekhadi vyakti ekhadya deshache nagrik aahe qee nahee heey tyaa deshachya nagarpalika kayadyadvare nishchit kele jaane aavashyak aahe. yavar mallah vatate qee serve lekhakanche ekmat aahe."laurd cross auph chelsey, khalee pahaa, yaa mulyankanashi sahmat navhate.
prabhuchya gharat nyay.
1976 madheel antim apeal nyayalay heey haus auph lords hote aanee yaa prakaranachi sunavani seent laurd hellsham yanni kelee hotee. marylebone, laurd hodson, laurd pearson, laurd cross auph chelsey aanee laurd salmon. haus auph lordschee yachika fetalanyat aalee.
serve swami chelsichya laurd crosshee sahmat hote, jyane khaleel atinmadhye aadesh dilah
purvavarti lagoo kele.
serve sunavanimadhye, rakes wii. gruhasachiv yanchya adhikaravar, pakshatoon eka assa yuktivad openheimerchya vatine karnyat aala."[1945] 1 keey.buub. 7, aanee "loenthal wii. mahadhivakta" [1948] 1 serve eae.aar. 295, 1941 chya aadeshanusar openhymerne german nagrikatva gamavalyache kathitpane ingraji nyayalaye manya karoo shakali naheet aanee german kayadyachi parva naan karata, ingraji kayadyanusar too 25 november 1941 nantar german nagrik rahila, kaaran ingraji kayadyane yuddhakalin kalat paradeshi shatru rajyachya aadeshadvare rashtriyatva badalanyas manyata dilee nahee aanee ingraji kayada, englandmadhil babinshi sambandhit asel toparyant, paradeshi deshachya dandatmak aanee japtichya aadeshala lagoo karnar nahee. asha prakare haah nirnay sarvajanik dhoran aanee naitikatechya mishranavar aadharit hota.
parinam.
"... haah nirnay akheris eka muddyavar gela jyala ingraji nyayalaye vastusthiticha prashna mhanoon pahatat, mhanje german kayadyatil apilkartyache rashtriyatva."
"... sabhagruhane (prabhuchya) pudhil vicharasathi heey prakaran vishesh aayuktankade pathvanyache asamanya paul uchalale.
vishesh aayuktanni dow. kohn aanee dow. jacks (german kayadyacha vishesh anubhav asalele) yanchyakadun purave aikalyanantar, 'haus auph lordscha antim nirnay assa hota qee german kayadyachya sandarbhat naveen puravyavar aanee visheshtah 1949 chya moolbhut german kayadyachya kalam 116 (2) chya tartudinvar, jyacha german nyayalayanni nantar arth lavala, shree. 1949 madhye openhymerne tyache german nagrikatva gamavale asave aanee tyane tyache german rashtriyatva punha suru karnyasathi tyaa lekhantargat tyala khulee pavale uchalali naslyamule, too sambandhit kalat british hota parantu german nagrik navhata aanee tyamule too united kingdam karachya adheen hota."
kahee pramukh mudde.
nazi kalatil japti kayadyansathi ingraji nyayalayanchya tiraskarasandarbhat laurd crosschya uddharanasathi heey prakaran anekada uddhrut kele jaate. tathapi, itar ingraji nirnay aahet jethe samaan kayade eka vishisht pramanat prabhavi mhanoon vyapakpane manyataprapt aahet ("frankfurt vhee doubleu ell exner limited" [1947] chaa 629 aanee "boham vhee zarni" (1940) 190 eltee joou 54).