mario pannunzio

mario pannunzio (5 march 1910-10 februwari 1968) heey eka italian patrakar aanee rajkarani hote. eka patrakar mhanoon teey 1940 chya dashakat dainik vruttapatrache aanee 1950 chya dashakat saptahik rajkiy masik ill mondoche ('daad world') prabhari sanchalak hote. eka rajkarani mhanoon teey 1940 chya dashakat punarujjivit jhalelya italian liberal pakshache aanee nantar 1955 madhye kattarpanthi pakshache saha-sansthapak hote.
jeevan.
suruvatichi varshe.
mario pannunziocha janm lukka yaa pisachya uttarekade kahee antaravar antardeshiy asalelya samruddha tuscan shaharat jhaala. too guglielmo pannunziocha dusra mulga hota, joou moolcha abruzo pradeshatil majboot samyavadi pravrutticha vakeel hota. mulachi aaee, emma bernardini, hii alpasankhyak kuleen vargatil paramparik catholic kutumbatoon aalee hotee. jevha mario 10 varshancha hota tevha tyache vadil sthanik facistanshi naraj jhaale aanee kutumbala sthalantar karnyas bhag padale gele, aanee shevati rommadhye jaaun marione tyache shaley shikshan pratishthit sansthet purn kele. yanantar, aaplya vadilanchya ichchecha aadar karoon, tyanni rome vidyapithat pravesh ghetala, 6 julai 1931 roji nyayshastrachi padvi ghetali.
tyachya vidyapithachya padvicha darja udaseen hotah kayadyasathi navhe tarr kalasathi asalelya tyachya tyachya utkatatesathi swatahla samarpit karnyacha marg mokala karnyasathi too tyachi padvi lavkar midvanyas utsuk hota. vidyapithat asatana teey shaharachya madhyabhagi niyamit abhyagat banale, jeey 1930 chya dashakat manashi nigadit vicharvantansathi eka aavadate bhet thikan hote. eka bhashyakaranusar, cafemadhye too swatah 'loow sphaxendato' ('nishkriy') mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla, jaree tyachya nantarchya kamgirivarun asey soochit hote qee nirnay apoorn mahitivar avalambun asava. 1931 madhye tyanni janewari teey august 1931 paryant chalalelya 'prima quadrienel dii' arte nazionel '(qalaa pradarshan) madhye bhag ghetala, jyat tyanchi baheen sandrinachya chitrasah anek chitre pradarshit kelee gelee. matra, 1934 paryant tyanni chitrakala sodoon sahityik tikekade valale. purvi kayadyache vidyarthi asalele etilio risio yanchyashi tyanchi olakh jhaali, jyanni tyanna yaa naveen vatavaranachi olakh karoon dilee aanee vidyarthi prakashan mhanoon ugam pavalelya alpakalin davya maidanachya sanskrutik niyatkalika 'ill saggiyator' chya sampadakiy sanghat sameel jhaale. tyanni samikshanche aanee lekhanche yogdan dile jyat tyanni kadambarichi samanya vaishishtye aanee uddesh yavar charcha kelee. yach sumaras tyane erigo benedettishi (doghe ekmekanna lukkamadhye mule mhanoon olakhat hote) punha ekada olakh karoon ghetali.) aanee eneo flyanoshi tyachi pradirgh maitri suru jhaali.
1933 teey 1935 darmyan teey teen masikanmadhye sahbhagi hote, jyaa mitranchya gatasah sthapan jhalyah
patrakariteche heey suruvatiche anubhav atyant mahattvapoorn asatilah 'patrakaritecha prachand prabhav' heey samajala, jyaa sanvadacha eka prakar, jevha too agadi tarun asatana qalaa aanee sahityik tikanchya madhyamatoon sanvad sadhanyat vyagra hota, tevha tyachyakade durlaksh karnyacha tyancha cull hota.
1935 saalee mario pannunzione merrie malina yaa hungarian tarun abhinetrishi vivah keela, jichi tyala eka rome natyagruhat bhet jhaali hotee. haah vivah apatyahin hota.
1936 aanee 1937 darmyan pannunzione swatahla chitrapatsrushtisathi samarpit kele. rommadhil navyane sthapan jhalelya prayogik chitrapat kendrat swatahla aadhar dett, tyanni 'vechio tabrin' ('june tabrin') yaa laghupatala digdarshit kele.
patrakarita aanee rotegraver mudran prakriya.
1937 madhye tyanni patrakaritekade valale aanee erigo benedetti yanna sampadakiy sanghat sameel honyasathi aamantrit kele. lio longanesi yanni navyane sthapan kelele aanee rizoli-koriyer della sera samoohachya tatvavadhanakhali chalavale jaanare, saptahik vrutt masik tatkalin navinyapurn rotograver mudran prakriyecha vapar karoon tayar kele gele. pannunzione chitrapat samikshak mhanoon yogdan dile. matra, februwari 1939 madhye sarkarne teey bund kele. toparyant longanesichya niyatkalikavar done varshe kaam kelyane pannunziola sampadakiy karyalayat prabhavi prashikshanarthipad midale hote.
longanesichya "shikau vidyarthyanpaiki" eka mhanoon olakhalya olakhalya pannunziola engelo rizoline milanla aamantrit kele hote, joou "rotogravoor" vaparoon eka naveen masik suru karnyacha vichar karat hota. benedettisobat, pannunzio aata mukhya pravahatil nasalelya vicharvantansathi eka naveen bauddhik kendra tayar karnyababat sajj jhaala. tyanni tyanchya purvichya alpakalin prakashanache shirshak, 'ogee' ('aaj') vaparane nivadle. yaa prasangi ogee janewari 1942 paryant tikoon rahila, tyanantar facist facist tyanna napsant asalelya eka yogdankartyacha lekh prakashit kelyanantar too bund keela. pannunzio romla paratala.
tyach varshi nantar musoliniche sarkar kosalale. swatantryachya punragmanacha utsav sajra kartana, 1943 julai roji ill mesagaromadhye prakashit jhalelya sampadakiyala lihayala pannunzio lio longanesisobat sameel jhaale. romchya yuddhadarmyan (jeey 8 september 1943 roji suru jhaale), pannunzione shaharatil samvichari mitransah, 'italian udarmatvadi chalval' haah gupt udarmatvadi gut sthapan keela. chalvalicha mukhpatra, eka kalpanik dainik vruttpatra hote, jeey 1943 chya uttaradhat aanee tyanantar 1943 paryant aniyamit antarane prakashit jhaale. december 1943 darmyan panunzio vruttapatrachya chhapil kamat asatana nazinni tyala atak keleeh tyane anek mahine regina koeli (turung) madhye ghalavale.
tyanantar, pannunzio yanchi sanchalak mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee, jeey aata navyane punarrachit jhalelya italian liberal partyche adhikrut vruttpatra banale. (junya udarmatvadi pakshavar facist rajvatit bandee ghalanyat aalee hotee, jyane eka-pakshiy rajkiy sanrachanesah kaam karnyas pradhanya dile hote.) 1940 chya madhya aanee nantarchya dashakat italimadhil shaktishali rajkiy matbhed disun aale. panunzione rashtriy mukti samitila (komitato dii liberazion nazionel/see. ell. aine.) virodh karnyas ajibat sankoch keela nahee, rajkiy gatanchi eka vyapak yutee jee keval facismchya virodhamule ekjoot jhaali aanee juuna 1946 chya sarvatrik nivadanukiparyant, yuddhanantarchya sarvat jawalchya goshtivar kabja kelela italila sarkar hote. fayab hatyakand, yugoslaviamadhil vanshik shuddhikaran aanee yuddh sampalyanantarhi soviet unionmadhye asalelya italian kaidyanchya muddyavar see. ell. aine. chya mook pratisadavar tyanni visheshtah teeka kelee. panunziosathi stalinismvirodhi haah rajkiy drushtikon facismvirodhi hota, joou italian davyanvaril mukhya pravahapasun door hota aanee rajkiy kendratil anekanmadhye sarvatrik navhata.
navhata akheris tyanna italian liberal partyche sarchitanis mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. yamule november 1947 chya pakshachya congressmadhil ghatana pratibimbit jhalya, jyacha pakshachya ujavya vicharsaranine vyapakpane taba ghetala assa arth lavala hota. (lucifero swatah eka utkat rajeshahivadi hota, joou kahee lokanchya drushtine eka bandist facistsathi pudhil sarvat white gosht hotee.) pannunzio aata pakshache majee nete leone kattani aanee itaransobat tyanchya pakshachya sadasyatvacha rajinama denyat sameel jhaale. nantar too ultiro spinelichya european sangharajyavadi chalvalit sameel jhaala.
"mea aaloy".
pannunzio yanna aata patrakar aanee madhyamatil shrimant giani mazochi aanee rizoli-koriyer della sera gatakadoon naveen niyatkalikache netrutva swikaranyasathi swatantra prastav aale. donhi prakarananmadhye tyanna rachana aanee sampadakiy sthitichya sandarbhat 'rikama canvas' denyachi sandhee denyat aalee hotee. donhi prastavanche kaljipurvak moolyankan kelyanantar, pannunzione mazochichi nivad kelee. 1948 aanee 1949 chya suruvatila pradarshanachi tayari jhaali. darmyan, pannunzione tyacha mitra erigo benedetti yane aanee tyachya sampadakiy niyantranakhali tayar kelelya ell 'europeo yaa saptahik masikat yogdan dile. pannunzione niyatkalikachya rome karyalayat "rajkiy sampadakache" kaam haatee ghetale.
aaplya swatachya dainik vruttapatrasathi tyanni 'ill mondo' (jug) heey naav ghetale, prathamach navhe tarr, musolini sarkarchya kalat bund karnyat aalelya purvichya prakashanache naav punarujjivit kele. ill mondo' chee pahili aavrutti 19 februwari 1949 roji prakashit jhaali. tyachya sansthapakanchya vaiyaktik pratishthemule naveen vruttpatra tyaa kalatil mahattvachya bauddhik ghadamodinche sankalan aanee sadarikaran karnyasathi patkan eka kendrabindu banale. tyachya yogdankartyanchi sankhya aanee gunavatta aanee hatalanyat aalelya vividh samasyanmule tyache vyavasthapakiy sampadak mario pannunzio heey paramparik sansadiy sansthanchya baheroon kaam karat asoonahi rajkiy vargache anaupacharik parantu prabhavshali sadasya banale. yaa visheshadhikaracha tyanni aaplya prabhavacha jababdarine vapar kelyane teey "rajkiy mutt patrakaranchya" vadhatya pidhisathi eka utkrusht aadarsh banale.
1951 paryant pannunzio udarmatvadi aanee bauddhik vargachya sadasyanmadhye rajkiyadrushtya prabhavshali jhaala hotah jevha too tyaa varshi italian udarmatvadi pakshat punha sameel jhaala, tevha ill mondoche anek mitrahi asech karat hote.
kattarpanthi paksh.
1954 madhye italian liberal pakshane jiovanni malagodi yaa pakshachya naveen sachiwala nivadoon dile, jeey mothya pramanavar ujavya bajoone aanakhi eka adthala asalyache manale jaat hote. 15 julai 1954 roji pannunzio, karandini, libonati aanee pagee yanni pratikriya dett-pannunziochya babatit babatit pakshatoon rajinama deela. yaveli udarmatvadi pakshachya falanimule 9 december 1955 roji rommadhye 'udarmatvadi aanee lokshahivadi kattarpanthi paksh' ('partito radical dei democratic eae dei librali') yaa navya pakshachi sthapana jhaali. aashcharyakarakpane, haah paksh lavkarach fakt kattarpanthi paksh mhanoon olakhala jaau lagla. kattarpanthi pakshachya pramukh saha-sansthapkanmadhye leopoldo piccardy, ernesto rossie, lio valiani, eugenio scalfari aanee kattarpanthi pakshacha dirghakalin neta banalela manus, marco panella yancha samavesh hota. naveen pakshache nete udarmatvadi pakshachya uralelya pramanapeksha kahee pramanat "udarmatvadi pramanikpana" chaa dawa karoo shakale. 1940 chya dashakat tyannich guptapane udarmatvadi pakshachi punarrachana kelee hotee. aktoobar 1943 teey februwari 1944 darmyan 'facistvirodhi pratikar' yaa karanastav swatah pannunzio yanna turungat taknyat aale hote, tyanantar tyannich netrutva sweekarle hote, jyaa dainik vruttapatrane, assa yuktivad keela jaau shakato (aanee hote), 1943 aanee 1948 darmyan yuddhanantarchya italian udarmatvadachi vyakhya kelee hotee. jevha paksh suru jhaala tevha pannunzio aanee lio valiani heey tyachya tatpuratya karyakari samitiche done sarvat uchch-profile sadasya hote.
1962 paryant haah kattarpanthi paksh tutat hota. tyaa varshi pakshachya rashtriy karyakarinisathi nivadoon aalele sadasya bruno vilabruna, leopoldo piccardy, ernesto rossie aanee marco panella hote. pannunzio aanee benedetti yanni bahumat todale aanee maghar ghetali. rajkiy aanee vaiyaktik matbhedanche sanyojan hii ullanghanachi karane hotee, jyat facist kalat leopoldo picardichya kriyakalapanvaril aaropanmule atirikt katuta nirman jhaali. asey manale jaat hote qee picardine 1941 madhye sahkarya kele hote. ernesto rossine aagrah dharala qee picardila pakshatoon kadhoon takale pahije, parantu tyasathi teey bahumat midvanyat ayashasvi tharale. hakalpattichya prastavala virodh vartankanmadhye pannunziochahi samavesh hota. rossine pannunzioviruddha swatachi paath firavanyacha nirdhar keela. tyanni 1939 teey 1943 yaa varshanche vartankan vartankan 'ogee' yaa saptahik masikatoon lekh midvane aanee tyanchi chhayaprat karane suru kele, jenekarun teey pannunziochya swatachya facistvirodhi pramanpatranna aavhan denyasathi vaparu shaktil ashee samagri shodhu shaktil. jevha pannunziola kalale qee rossie tyachyavar vaiyaktik dastaivaj tayar karnyachya prakriyet aahe, tevha done majee mitranmadhil break purn jhaala hota. pannunzio aanee rossie yanchyatil sambandh 'barfal' jhaleh ill mondomadhil rosiche yogdan thambale.
mrutyu.
"march 1966 madhye 'ill mondo (daad world)' bund jhaala. tyachya gelya done varshant mario pannunzione sarvajanik jivanapasun maghar ghetali, tyaeivaji gharee tyachya khajgi granthalayat vel ghalavala, jyat toparyant andaje 30,000 khand hote. 10 februwari 1968 roji tyachya patnichya pathimbyane rommadhye tyacha mrutyu jhaala. kiman eka strotachya matey, tyachya atee dhumrapanamule fuffusachya tantumay shothamule tyachya mrutyuche kaaran denyat aale.

