god batatyachya fedari motal vishanu

god batatyachya batatyachya motal vishanu (ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee.) haah 'potiviridae' kutumbatil 'potivirus' yaa jaaticha sadasya aahe. heey god batata vishanujanya rogache (ess. pii. vhee. dii.) sarvat niyamitpane udbhavnare karak mhanoon sarvat vyapakpane olakhale jaate aanee sadhya antarctica vagalata pratyek khandat disun yete. too too thikananchi sankhya ajunahi vadhat aahe; samanyatah, asey manale jaate qee vishanu jithe jithe tyacha yazman asel tithe upasthit aahe. yaa vishanuche chaar prakar aahet jeey jagachya vegvegalya bhagat aadhaltat.
itihas.
ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chaa shodh suruvatila 70 varshanpurvi americet lagla hota aanee sadhya haah jagatil sarvat mothya pramanat pasarnara god batatyacha vishanu aahe. yaa vishanuchi upasthiti samanyatah god batatyachya vishanujanya rogachya upasthitidvare darshavili jaate, kaaran too swatahun qamee vela disun yeto. italian ess. pii. vhee. dii. madhye prathamik yogdankarta mhanoon ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. alikadech italimadhye aadhalala.
rachana.
serve potivirus heey sakaratmak indriy eka-stranded aar. aine. aii. genome asalele aachchhadit nasalele vishanu aahet. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. genome andaje 10,820 kshar lamb aahe, joou vishisht prabhedanusar kinchit badalat asato. bahutek ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. genomemadhe eka khulee vachan chaukat asate, tyanantar 3 'yuu. tii. aar. aanee eka polly (aii) shepati asate. 3 'yuu. tii. aar. hii duyyam rachana darshavate jee vishanuchi pratikruti olakhanyat samavisht asoo shakate. jaree serve potivirusemadhye 3 'polly (aaa) anukram asatat, taree polly (aaa) shepatichya jodanisathi cellular signal anukram nasato. nasato, etch. see.-pro (sahayyak ghatak proteinage), proteinage), see. aay., 6keey2, niah, nib aanee coat prathin cystron hii encoded januke aahet, jee itar vividh vishanunmadhye aadhaltat. pratikruti tayar kartana, sampoorn janukeey rachaneche bhashantar polyprotein mhanoon kele jaate aanee tee vighatit kelee jaate. systronsathiche januk 3 'antim tokajaval sthit aahe.
sarani 1: ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. vishanujanya prathine aanee karye.
ekandarit, genome sarasari potivirus genome lambipeksha 10-15% jaast lamb aahe; yogyaritya, cystron dekhil yaa vishanumadhye advitiyapane motha aahe. virian heey eka lamb, lavchik, kathichya aakarache ekak aahe aanee tyachi lambi 810 teey 865 nanometerparyant aahe.
jivanchakra.
ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. pratikruti chakrachi vaishishtye purnatah dnyat naheet. praveshanantar, sahayyak ghatak proteinage (etch. see. pii. oo.), potivirus pratikrutisathi mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavanara eukariotic cap-binding translation initiation factor, aay. aay. eff. 4eae. laa bandhato. anuvad prakriyela chalana denyasathi vhee. pii. jee. aanee niah heey anuvad aarambh ghatkanshi dekhil sanvad sadhatat. tyanantar genomeche polyproteinmadhye bhashantar kele jaate, jeey nantar etch. see.-pro aanee pii. 1 aanee niah-pro yaa teen protijdware vishisht vichhedan kramanvar vibhajit kele jaate, jeey vishanujanya genomemadhe dekhil encode kelele asatat. etch. see. pii. aar. oo. yajmanamadhye sirna aanee mirnadware janukanche maun dekhil dadapato, jeey vanaspatimadhye cytopathic prabhavat yogdan dete. yajmanakade eae. aay. eff. 4eae. asalyas, etch. see. pii. aar. oo. yazman peshiche pratilekhan badalanyasathi yaa ghatkashi sanvad sadhel. ekada vishanujanya prathinanche bhashantar jhaale qee, genomechi pratikruti tayar kelee jaate (6k2, p3 aanee ci dware madhyasthi kelyapramane) aanee virionmadhye pack kele jaate.
sankraman aanee sankraman.
peshi bhint asalyamule, vanaspatichya peshinmadhye vishanucha pravesh yantrik sankraman kinwa vahakadvare sankramanaparyant maryadit asato, jeey vanaspati chhedu kinwa nuksan karoo shakate aanee vishanuchya praveshachi jaaga tayar karoo shakate. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. heey god batatyachya zadala chavtat tevha teey effidschya styletchya tokanvar satat prasarit hott naheet. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. neey prabhavit jhalelya god batatyachya prajati vaividhyapurn aahet aanee tyat anek epomia ess. pii. pii. samavisht aahet. (aay. alba, aay. equectica, aay. aanuvanshikta, aay. niil, aay. qamee, aay. perpuria, aay. cordatotriloba, aay. tirangi), teen nikotiana spp. (aine. benthamiana, aine. rustica, aine. tabacum), chenopodium quinoa aanee detura stramonium. haah vishanu pramukhyane vanaspatijanya uutinna sankramit karato aanee punarutpadak uutinna sankramit karat nahee asey disun aale aahe, tyamule too mool vanaspatinmadhun tyanchya biyanyandware sankramit hott nahee.
lakshane, nidan aanee upchar.
ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chey parinam god batatyachya prajatinvar tasech vishanuchya prakaravar avalambun asatat aanee bhaugolik sthananusar badaloo shakatat. anek sansarg heey sthanik, saumya aanee anekada lakshanrahit asatat aanee vanaspatichi lakshaniy haanee naan karata tyanchyavar upchar naan karata jaau shakatat. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chey sarvat samanya lakshan mhanje pananmadhil pivalya rangacha, jambhalya rangacha namuna. tathapi, rusette crack strain (aar. see.) sarkhya adhik vishari prabhedanmule mule necrosis aanee leaf chlorosis hotat asey dnyat aahe aanee kahee prabhed mule mule rung badalalyache disun aale aahe. tathapi, god batatyachya vishanujanya rogat ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chya mahattvapoorn yogdanamule, anek abhyas sanvedanshil vanaspatinmadhye ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. sathee pratikarshakti nirman karnyachya dishene nirdeshit kele jaatat. cysteine proteinage inhibitarsasarkhya prathinancha vapar karoon transgene vanaspati tayar karane hii ashich eka paddhat aahe, jee vishanujanya polyproteinchya vighatanala pratibandh karel.
anuvanshik parivartansheelata.
rogache vyapak varchasva heey isolatesmadhil uchch patalichya farkansathi anukool aahe, kaaran anek lakshaniy bhaugolik antarane vegale kele jaatat aanee adviteey utparivartan vikasit karatat. tananmadhil farak haah coat prathin janukatil anukramanmadhil farkamule hoto, jyamule kadhikadhi bhinn rogpratikarak pratisad midato. tyamule, genome sequencing kinwa serologydware vividh prabhedancha shodh lavala jaato, joou sassa vishanuche lasikaran karoon shakya hoto. sadhya chaar prabhed dnyat aaheth eae. aii., jeey fakt purv aafriket aadhalate; aar. see., jeey austreliya, africa, uttar america aanee ashiyamadhye aadhalate; oo, africa, ashiya aanee dakshin americet; aanee see, austreliya, africa, ashiya, uttar america aanee dakshin americet aadhalate.
god batatyacha vishanujanya rog.
sahasanyojan/samanvay.
ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. heey god batatyachya zadanna rog pohochavanyasathi ektyane kaam karoo shakate, parantu tyachi pratishtha god batatyachya vishanujanya rogashi (ess. pii. vhee. dii.) adhik jawalun jodaleli aahe, joou joou mashandware sankramit velee god batatyachya chlorotic stunt vishanusah (ess. pii. see. ess. vhee.) ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chya ekach velee sansargamule hoto. assa andaj vartavala jaato qee etch. see.-pro kriyakalap, joou ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chya lamb pallyachya halchalimadhye guntalela aahe, hii eka prathamik yantrana aahe jyadvare heey serve vishanu sampoorn vanaspatimadhye pasaravale jaatat. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. haah kahee lokansarkha pranghatak naslyamule, adhik vishari vishanujanya janukansah pack kelyavar tyachi lambcha pravas karanyachi kshamata adhik hanikarak asate. sahakriyatmak sansarganmadhye vishanu aanee saha-sansarg karnara vishanu samavisht asato, joou eka jiwala ektritpane sankramit karato, eka vishanu vishanu vishanula tyachi prasar karanyachi kshamata vadhavun kinwa tyachi pratikruti kshamata vadhavun madat karato. lakshat ghya qee pratyek ekach velee velee sansargamule saha-sansarg houu shakat nahee, parantu jevha pratyek vishanuchi vishisht sandrata gathali jaate tevhach houu shakato.
bahutek vanaspati vishanu saumya, sthanik parinam darshavit asalyane aanee samanyatah ektar naan shodhalele kinwa upchar naan kelele asalyane, ess. pii. vhee. dii. sarkhya saha-sansarganmadhye samavisht asaleli lakshane eka adviteey dhoka aahet. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. haah eka assa saumyapane prabhavi vishanu aahe joou samanvayadvare vadhato. ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chey titer samanya sansargapeksha 600 putt mothe asoo shakatat, tarr ess. pii. see. ess. vhee. titer tulanene samaan rahatat. itar anek potivirus sahakriyatmak roganvar prabhav taktat, parantu phaar qamee lock asey natyamay badal darshavtat. asech eka udaharan mhanje god batatyacha saumya sookshm vishanu (ess. pii. emm. emm. vhee.), joou ess. pii. see. ess. vhee. saha-sansargit hoto, parantu qamee lakshaniy parinamansah.
lakshane aanee shetivaril parinam.
ess. pii. vhee. dii. vegane pasarato aanee tyachi anek lakshane asatat, parantu samanyatah vanaspatinchya vadhitil vaadh aanee fikat rung, mosackche namune, asamanya lahanpana kinwa arundpana, vikrutee kinwa aakunchan darshavinari paaney yamadhye too prakat hoto. yaa vanaspatinche utpadan lakshaniyaritya qamee hote; tyachya mool utpannachya nimmyapasoon jawaljawal kahich utpadan milat nahee. ess. pii. vhee. dii. shhee sambandhit serve vishanu jagachya kahee bhaganmadhye naslyamule, god batatyanmadhye saha-sansargache parinam badaltat. udaharanarth, oshiyanamadhe, ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. chaa samavesh asalele saha-sansarg qamee vishari asalyache disun aale aahe, tarr dakshin aafriketil sansarg pikanmadhye adhik nuksan aanee lakshaniy utpadan nuksan darshavtat.
ess. pii. vhee. dii. hii gambhir chintechi baab asalelya anek kshetranmadhye, god batate haah deshi aaharacha eka swast mukhya ghatak aahe. haah vishanu visheshtah garib kutumbanvar aanee shaharanpasun door door lokanvar parinam karato, jee loksankhya annasathi god batatyavar adhik avalambun asate. vishanucha prasar "kapani aanee prasar" yasarkhya krishi paddhatinmule vadhato, jeey aadhich astitvat asalelya vanaspatinchya drakshanchya fandya kapatat aanee adhik sthapit karnyasathi tyancha vapar karatat; jarr mool vanaspatila aadhich rog asel tarr tyanantarchya pratyek kapanimule dekhil hoil. ayogyaritya swachchh keleli sadhane dekhil vishanucha prasar vadhavtat. jarr ekhadya sankramit vanaspatila alikadech kapale gele asel, tarr vishanu upkarnavar rahoo shakato aanee peshichya bhintila jhalelya hanicha vapar karoon vanaspatimadhye kapoon tyanna sankramit karoo shakato.
ess. pii. vhee. dii. chey upchar aanee vyavasthapan.
lavkar nidan aanee pratibandh heey sarvat prabhavi dhoran aahe jyadvare haah rog vyavasthapit keela jaato. enzyme-linked immunosorbent asey (elissa) dware aaksheparh vishanunchi upasthiti shodhali aanee pushti kelee jaau shakate. jevha pushti hote, tevha roggrast vanaspati jyaa bhagat itar vadhat aahet tyaa bhagatoon kadhoon takalya pahijet. ess. pii. vhee. dii. madhye yogdan denare vishanu sansargachya bhaugolik sthananusar badalat asalyane, yaa rogavar sarvatrik upchar naheet. tathapi, ess. pii. eff. emm. vhee. haah sarvat vyapakpane pasarnara gunhegar asalyane, vanaspatinchya pratikarshaktisathi heey eka uttam sanshodhan kelele lakshya aahe. anuvanshik badal hii eka pramukh paddhat aahe jyadvare god batatyachya vanaspatinche ess. pii. vhee. dii. chya aakunchanapasun sanrakshn kele jaate. vishanuvirodhi januke asalelya plasmids sankraman jhalelya vanaspati peshinmadhye transgenic vanaspati yashasviritya vikasit jhalyache disun aale aahe.

