text:
Architectural Symbols is a part of Architectural Symbols Architecture pictures gallery. To see this Architectural Symbols in High Resolutions, right click on the image and choose "Save Image As" and then you will get this image about Architectural Symbols.
This digital photography of Architectural Symbols has dimension 500 × 333 pixels. You can see a gallery of Architectural Symbols Architecture below. Get segments interesting article about Architectural Symbols Architecture that may help you.

tokenized:
Architectural Symbols is a part of Architectural Symbols Architecture pictures gallery . To see this Architectural Symbols in High Resolutions , right click on the image and choose " Save Image As " and then you will get this image about Architectural Symbols .
 This digital photography of Architectural Symbols has dimension 500 × 333 pixels . You can see a gallery of Architectural Symbols Architecture below . Get segments interesting article about Architectural Symbols Architecture that may help you .


text:
Ahhhhh thank you its finally Friday!!!!!!!!!!
This has been a really long week for me, I don't know about you guys, but I am so happy to say, Thank Goodness its Friday. I had a busy week without one single day that I woke up after 6 or went to bed before 11. For that I must say I am so tired. I will get in bed tonight before 10pm, I will I will I will, but I have to be up early in the morning to work. I was hoping to have the weekend off of work but you cant always get what you want right?
I had 5 days this week of walking or running or doing a combination of the 2 and yesterday I developed a blister on the back of both of my feet. I thought maybe it was too much time on my feet or something. Well today when I went to slide my shoes on I realized that I should check and make sure my shoes weren't torn up or have anything in them that would have caused my blisters. Well.....to my surprise, I found a lot more than I expected. (Now I must say I was stretching my shoes further than I should have because I wanted to get closer to my half marathon to buy new shoes, but this was shocking) There is a hole in the back of both of my running shoes that you could not cover with a half dollar. There is no padding, no cushioning, nothing but plastic exterior shoe material. I guess since I switched to my new laces I haven't had to actually look at my shoes, I just slide them on and off, that I didn't notice.
Oh it looks like there may be a little padding on the outside of the gaping hole!
So as much as I had hoped to save a few weeks and run through bad shoes I have decided to go to the store tomorrow and get me some new pumps. I need them so I am really excited about it, I always love getting new shoes and maybe this time I can get some that are night so white. These look like old lady lunchroom shoes they are so white. I never washed them in hopes that they would get dirty but they were un-stainable and white as white could be!
And tomorrow is tax free weekend so I will get some shoes and some new racing tights just cause I don't have to pay tax. Yeah me!
Today I got to be the teacher again for my morning aerobics class and I got to teach water aerobics. Oh and I ran first, so this morning I got in 3 straight hours of working out, for that I will not workout tonight. My run this morning was actually really good. I laid off the hills this morning and only got to run 3 miles which could be why I think this mornings run went good but after the first half mile I felt like I could go for days.
Now, for my blond moment of the day, I locked my keys in the car this morning at 6 am and could not get any of my dry clothes or bathing suit out before I had to teach class. I didn't have my phone, nothing. I haven't done that in a while so now I am on over protective mode of my car keys.
If I get me some new cutie shoes tomorrow you know I will have a picture for you. New Shoes!!!!!
I'm jealous! I want new shoes! :) Sheesh, why are they so expensive?
Ow! I hope you were able to get some new kicks!! I am hoping to get some in the next couple of weeks as well...they are SO needed!! Keep up the great work!!

tokenized:
Ahhhhh thank you its finally Friday ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
 This has been a really long week for me , I do n't know about you guys , but I am so happy to say , Thank Goodness its Friday . I had a busy week without one single day that I woke up after 6 or went to bed before 11 . For that I must say I am so tired . I will get in bed tonight before 10 pm , I will I will I will , but I have to be up early in the morning to work . I was hoping to have the weekend off of work but you ca nt always get what you want right ?
 I had 5 days this week of walking or running or doing a combination of the 2 and yesterday I developed a blister on the back of both of my feet . I thought maybe it was too much time on my feet or something . Well today when I went to slide my shoes on I realized that I should check and make sure my shoes were n't torn up or have anything in them that would have caused my blisters . Well ..... to my surprise , I found a lot more than I expected . ( Now I must say I was stretching my shoes further than I should have because I wanted to get closer to my half marathon to buy new shoes , but this was shocking ) There is a hole in the back of both of my running shoes that you could not cover with a half dollar . There is no padding , no cushioning , nothing but plastic exterior shoe material . I guess since I switched to my new laces I have n't had to actually look at my shoes , I just slide them on and off , that I did n't notice .
 Oh it looks like there may be a little padding on the outside of the gaping hole !
 So as much as I had hoped to save a few weeks and run through bad shoes I have decided to go to the store tomorrow and get me some new pumps . I need them so I am really excited about it , I always love getting new shoes and maybe this time I can get some that are night so white . These look like old lady lunchroom shoes they are so white . I never washed them in hopes that they would get dirty but they were un - stainable and white as white could be !
 And tomorrow is tax free weekend so I will get some shoes and some new racing tights just cause I do n't have to pay tax . Yeah me !
 Today I got to be the teacher again for my morning aerobics class and I got to teach water aerobics. Oh and I ran first , so this morning I got in 3 straight hours of working out , for that I will not workout tonight . My run this morning was actually really good . I laid off the hills this morning and only got to run 3 miles which could be why I think this mornings run went good but after the first half mile I felt like I could go for days .
 Now , for my blond moment of the day , I locked my keys in the car this morning at 6 am and could not get any of my dry clothes or bathing suit out before I had to teach class . I did n't have my phone , nothing . I have n't done that in a while so now I am on over protective mode of my car keys .
 If I get me some new cutie shoes tomorrow you know I will have a picture for you . New Shoes ! ! ! ! !
 I 'm jealous ! I want new shoes ! :) Sheesh , why are they so expensive ?
 Ow ! I hope you were able to get some new kicks ! ! I am hoping to get some in the next couple of weeks as well ... they are SO needed ! ! Keep up the great work ! !


text:
Life As We Live It: Happy Father's Day, Daddy!
Mommy told me that today is a day to recognize you for all of the wonderful things you do as my Daddy. I am so glad that you are my Daddy and that we get to spend all sorts of fun time together. I love it when you give me my night time bottle and read me stories. I love when you give me big hugs and play flying baby with me. I feel very lucky to have such a big, strong, amazing Daddy that works very hard for our family.
Wow !!! look at those two handsome guys in this photo. I can't believe our little sweetheart is 10months old now. What a joy you have brought to our lives Will. I love you so very much. Happy 1st Fathers Day Michael. You make me so so proud when I see you with Will. You're such a good daddy.
Dude, that kid is freakin so cute! He looks so much like you it just trips me out! Happy first fathers day to Mike!! Love you guys!

tokenized:
Life As We Live It : Happy Father 's Day , Daddy !
 Mommy told me that today is a day to recognize you for all of the wonderful things you do as my Daddy . I am so glad that you are my Daddy and that we get to spend all sorts of fun time together . I love it when you give me my night time bottle and read me stories . I love when you give me big hugs and play flying baby with me . I feel very lucky to have such a big , strong , amazing Daddy that works very hard for our family .
 Wow ! ! ! look at those two handsome guys in this photo . I ca n't believe our little sweetheart is 10months old now . What a joy you have brought to our lives Will . I love you so very much . Happy 1st Fathers Day Michael . You make me so so proud when I see you with Will . You 're such a good daddy .
 Dude , that kid is freakin so cute ! He looks so much like you it just trips me out ! Happy first fathers day to Mike ! ! Love you guys !


text:
We are trying to find the light bag of gold out of 8.In the least number of weighings.
Lauren helped me out with the pow.She showed me what to do.I balanced them out and drew out the scales.I tried to balance them by putting 4 on each side of the scale.I took of the heavier ones. Then i took 2 on one side and placed it on the other side.Then i took of the heavier 2.Then I did I did one on each side and took off the heavier one .That one told me which one was the heavier and it showed me the lightest bag.In 3 weighings was my solution. I did not like it that much it was confusing because im not good at this type of math.It was hard and easy because the part that was easy drawing it out.The hard part was balancing them out.

tokenized:
We are trying to find the light bag of gold out of 8.In the least number of weighings .
 Lauren helped me out with the pow . She showed me what to do . I balanced them out and drew out the scales . I tried to balance them by putting 4 on each side of the scale . I took of the heavier ones . Then i took 2 on one side and placed it on the other side . Then i took of the heavier 2.Then I did I did one on each side and took off the heavier one .That one told me which one was the heavier and it showed me the lightest bag . In 3 weighings was my solution . I did not like it that much it was confusing because i m not good at this type of math . It was hard and easy because the part that was easy drawing it out . The hard part was balancing them out .


text:
The theme for the Dialogue was Strengthening Collaborative Communities to Promote Regional Peace and Security: Interfaith in Action. The Dialogue was attended by 120 delegates from co-sponsoring countries Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand and the Philippines, as well as from Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, East Timor and Vietnam.
The participants of the Dialogue developed a Plan of Action which included activities to increase awareness and understanding of religions and faith traditions in the region through active engagement by civil society organisation with the youth, schools, media and government.
Indonesia responded to the Plan of Action by undertaking to establish the Special Program of the Indonesian Arts and Culture Scholarships 2012 that would provide 15 scholarships for future faith leaders from Regional Interfaith Dialogue countries and a Peace Journalism Media Workshop for 15 young journalists from Regional Interfaith Dialogue countries.
We, the participants of the 6th Regional Interfaith Dialogue (RID-6), representing diverse religions and cultures, gathered in Semarang on 11 – 15 March 2012, under the theme, Strengthening Collaborative Communities to Promote Regional Peace and Security: Interfaith in Action to discuss visions, aspirations and practical cooperation towards this end.
a. We affirm that the Plan of Action is to promote substantive activities which enhance mutual understanding, tolerance and respect for religious diversity in order to strengthen regional peace and security.
b. We reaffirm our commitments as articulated in the previous declarations in Yogyakarta (2004), Cebu (2006), Waitangi (2007), Phnom Penh (2008), and Perth (2009) and acknowledge the achievements of the RID process.
c. We encourage religious leaders, scholars, and media of the participating countries to continue to collaborate and build on existing interfaith initiatives and take leadership roles in furthering the RID process, particularly in civil society.
d. We note the establishment of the Regional Interfaith Network (http://www.regionalinterfaith.org.au) by community groups with financial support from the Government of Australia, and recommend participating countries share information, establish networks, encourage interfaith activity and dialogue, and develop partnerships in promoting interfaith dialogue and cooperation.
e. We call on our governments to continue supporting interfaith initiatives and support the implementation of these recommendations, with special focus on grass root activities, youth interfaith training and capacity building, and the promotion and protection of human rights.
f. We recommend that our governments promote interfaith cooperation across a range of relevant public activities.
g. We recognize the value of other regional and global interfaith dialogues and seek to optimize the effectiveness of the RID process through communication and collaboration.
d. that participating countries explore the development of national women’s interfaith networks and a regional women’s interfaith network, and increased representation of women of future RIDs.
d. that interfaith activities should be fostered by community leaders, educators, journalists and other opinion shapers, with the full support of community leaders.
g. that participating countries ensure that other RID members are informed of youth interfaith education programs and capacity building disseminated via the RID website.
We commend Indonesia for The Special Program of the Indonesian Arts and Culture Scholarship 2012 which comprises 15 scholarships for future faith leaders from RID countries for 7 weeks in Indonesia.
g. that we acknowledge the essential role of interfaith education in building peaceful societies.
e. that communities proactively promote interfaith proponents as role models for good citizenship.
We commend Indonesia for the Peace Journalism Media Workshop, which will bring 15 young journalists from 15 countries of the RID to Indonesia in 2012.
c. developing collaborative and preventive measures to limit religious tensions and conflict.
We, the delegates, thank Indonesia for hosting RID-6 and for their warm hospitality and excellent arrangements.

tokenized:
The theme for the Dialogue was Strengthening Collaborative Communities to Promote Regional Peace and Security : Interfaith in Action . The Dialogue was attended by 120 delegates from co - sponsoring countries Australia , Indonesia , New Zealand and the Philippines , as well as from Brunei Darussalam , Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , East Timor and Vietnam .
 The participants of the Dialogue developed a Plan of Action which included activities to increase awareness and understanding of religions and faith traditions in the region through active engagement by civil society organisation with the youth , schools , media and government .
 Indonesia responded to the Plan of Action by undertaking to establish the Special Program of the Indonesian Arts and Culture Scholarships 2012 that would provide 15 scholarships for future faith leaders from Regional Interfaith Dialogue countries and a Peace Journalism Media Workshop for 15 young journalists from Regional Interfaith Dialogue countries .
 We , the participants of the 6th Regional Interfaith Dialogue ( RID-6 ) , representing diverse religions and cultures , gathered in Semarang on 11 – 15 March 2012 , under the theme , Strengthening Collaborative Communities to Promote Regional Peace and Security : Interfaith in Action to discuss visions , aspirations and practical cooperation towards this end .
 a. We affirm that the Plan of Action is to promote substantive activities which enhance mutual understanding , tolerance and respect for religious diversity in order to strengthen regional peace and security .
 b. We reaffirm our commitments as articulated in the previous declarations in Yogyakarta ( 2004 ) , Cebu ( 2006 ) , Waitangi ( 2007 ) , Phnom Penh ( 2008 ) , and Perth ( 2009 ) and acknowledge the achievements of the RID process .
 c. We encourage religious leaders , scholars , and media of the participating countries to continue to collaborate and build on existing interfaith initiatives and take leadership roles in furthering the RID process , particularly in civil society .
 d. We note the establishment of the Regional Interfaith Network ( http://www.regionalinterfaith.org.au ) by community groups with financial support from the Government of Australia , and recommend participating countries share information , establish networks , encourage interfaith activity and dialogue , and develop partnerships in promoting interfaith dialogue and cooperation .
 e. We call on our governments to continue supporting interfaith initiatives and support the implementation of these recommendations , with special focus on grass root activities , youth interfaith training and capacity building , and the promotion and protection of human rights .
 f. We recommend that our governments promote interfaith cooperation across a range of relevant public activities .
 g. We recognize the value of other regional and global interfaith dialogues and seek to optimize the effectiveness of the RID process through communication and collaboration .
 d. that participating countries explore the development of national women ’s interfaith networks and a regional women ’s interfaith network , and increased representation of women of future RIDs .
 d. that interfaith activities should be fostered by community leaders , educators , journalists and other opinion shapers , with the full support of community leaders .
 g. that participating countries ensure that other RID members are informed of youth interfaith education programs and capacity building disseminated via the RID website .
 We commend Indonesia for The Special Program of the Indonesian Arts and Culture Scholarship 2012 which comprises 15 scholarships for future faith leaders from RID countries for 7 weeks in Indonesia .
 g. that we acknowledge the essential role of interfaith education in building peaceful societies .
 e. that communities proactively promote interfaith proponents as role models for good citizenship .
 We commend Indonesia for the Peace Journalism Media Workshop , which will bring 15 young journalists from 15 countries of the RID to Indonesia in 2012 .
 c. developing collaborative and preventive measures to limit religious tensions and conflict .
 We , the delegates , thank Indonesia for hosting RID-6 and for their warm hospitality and excellent arrangements .


text:
Nestled in the heart of Sydney CBD, Le Petit Flot offers a rustic French dining experience, driven by our philosophy of serving straight-forward, flavoursome and honest food.
Le Petit Flot serves flavoursome French cuisine with a Japanese flare using seasonal ingredients, accompanied with quick and friendly service.
At Le Petit Flot, our chefs aren’t shy about doing as little as possible to let the fresh produce take on the starring role. We believe that a great meal is not only about the food, wine and service. A great meal is a journey. And the journey does not begin here at LPF, but from the local farmers and suppliers that we collaborate closely with.
We are looking for exceptional professionals for all positions, so if you are passionate, energetic and dedicated. Join us now and be a part of Le Petit Flot Restaurant & Bar!

tokenized:
Nestled in the heart of Sydney CBD , Le Petit Flot offers a rustic French dining experience , driven by our philosophy of serving straight - forward , flavoursome and honest food .
 Le Petit Flot serves flavoursome French cuisine with a Japanese flare using seasonal ingredients , accompanied with quick and friendly service .
 At Le Petit Flot , our chefs are n’t shy about doing as little as possible to let the fresh produce take on the starring role . We believe that a great meal is not only about the food , wine and service . A great meal is a journey . And the journey does not begin here at LPF , but from the local farmers and suppliers that we collaborate closely with .
 We are looking for exceptional professionals for all positions , so if you are passionate , energetic and dedicated . Join us now and be a part of Le Petit Flot Restaurant & Bar !


text:
James Rodriguez has endured another calf damage difficulty as Real Madrid head mentor Zinedine Zidane considers the consequence of mounting wellness issues for the LaLiga pioneers.
Colombia playmaker James has missed Madrid’s last four matches in all rivalries because of a harm to one side calf and has now harmed a similar muscle in his correct leg, with nearby media reports foreseeing a further half a month on the sidelines.
Madrid’s sketchy begin to 2017 – Saturday’s thin 2-1 win over Malaga was their first triumph in four matches – has been joined by a developing damage list.
In the first place leg goalscorer Marcelo and persuasive midfielder Luka Modric will miss the excursion to Vigo in the wake of getting separate hamstring and thigh strains at the end of the week and Zidane is now without guarded twosome Pepe (calf) and Dani Carvajal (hamstring), with Gareth Bundle (lower leg) a long haul non-attendant.
“It’s actual that we’ve had many wounds as of late, yet I simply need to state I am in charge of everything,” Zidane stated, in light of the work of his training and medicinal staff being raised doubt about. “The general population here is doing their best to ensure the players are alright.
Zidane demanded he doesn’t lament utilizing key players in consecutive recreations amid Spain’s January trudge of substitute LaLiga and Copa del Rey matches and, while he showed up to some degree down and out after the battles versus Malaga, he required a more energetic appraisal of a side that set another Spanish record of 40 amusements unbeaten before tumbling to Celta a week ago.
“It’s troublesome on the grounds that you hear every one of these inquiries – you’d believe that we’re last and conflicting with transfer,” he said. “Whatever goes ahead in the changing area is typical. In case you’re stressed over wounds or when you lose a diversion” I’m not stressed”.
Notwithstanding irritation in the Santiago Bernabeu remains on Saturday, Zidane – whose child Enzo and kindred Castilla player Achraf Hakimi were named in an exhausted matchday squad, missing rested shield Raphael Varane – demanded he doesn’t fear the fierceness of the Madrid fanbase if Celta figure out how to finish a glass disturb.

tokenized:
James Rodriguez has endured another calf damage difficulty as Real Madrid head mentor Zinedine Zidane considers the consequence of mounting wellness issues for the LaLiga pioneers .
 Colombia playmaker James has missed Madrid ’s last four matches in all rivalries because of a harm to one side calf and has now harmed a similar muscle in his correct leg , with nearby media reports foreseeing a further half a month on the sidelines .
 Madrid ’s sketchy begin to 2017 – Saturday ’s thin 2 - 1 win over Malaga was their first triumph in four matches – has been joined by a developing damage list .
 In the first place leg goalscorer Marcelo and persuasive midfielder Luka Modric will miss the excursion to Vigo in the wake of getting separate hamstring and thigh strains at the end of the week and Zidane is now without guarded twosome Pepe ( calf ) and Dani Carvajal ( hamstring ) , with Gareth Bundle ( lower leg ) a long haul non - attendant .
 “ It ’s actual that we ’ve had many wounds as of late , yet I simply need to state I am in charge of everything , ” Zidane stated , in light of the work of his training and medicinal staff being raised doubt about . “ The general population here is doing their best to ensure the players are alright .
 Zidane demanded he does n’t lament utilizing key players in consecutive recreations amid Spain ’s January trudge of substitute LaLiga and Copa del Rey matches and , while he showed up to some degree down and out after the battles versus Malaga , he required a more energetic appraisal of a side that set another Spanish record of 40 amusements unbeaten before tumbling to Celta a week ago .
 “ It ’s troublesome on the grounds that you hear every one of these inquiries – you ’d believe that we ’re last and conflicting with transfer , ” he said . “ Whatever goes ahead in the changing area is typical . In case you ’re stressed over wounds or when you lose a diversion ” I ’m not stressed ” .
 Notwithstanding irritation in the Santiago Bernabeu remains on Saturday , Zidane – whose child Enzo and kindred Castilla player Achraf Hakimi were named in an exhausted matchday squad , missing rested shield Raphael Varane – demanded he does n’t fear the fierceness of the Madrid fanbase if Celta figure out how to finish a glass disturb .


text:
"Performance of Laser Microjoints in Rat Brain" by Ahsan Mian, Taslema Sultana et al.
ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, October 31–November 6, 2008.
Mian, A., Sultana, T., & Newaz, G. (2008). Performance of Laser Microjoints in Rat Brain. , 6 -Electronics and Photonics, IMECE2008-66819, 191-195.

tokenized:
" Performance of Laser Microjoints in Rat Brain " by Ahsan Mian , Taslema Sultana et al .
 ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition , Boston , Massachusetts , USA , October 31 – November 6 , 2008 .
 Mian , A. , Sultana , T. , & Newaz , G. ( 2008 ) . Performance of Laser Microjoints in Rat Brain . , 6 -Electronics and Photonics , IMECE2008 - 66819 , 191 - 195 .


text:
Full Service Home Heating and Oil Provider. L and Son’s provides quick delivery and service to homes in the New York and Westchester areas.
We have an array of Air Conditioning and AC Tune Up Services. You can rely on us to provide efficient and state of the art diagnostic systems for your air/cooling systems.
If you have questions about your Boiler or HVAC installations, give us a call at L&Son Heating and AC Tech. We will look at either Boiler or HVAC systems so you can sleep easy.
We have financing options to assist you with any services you need performed for your home. We have tailored programs to help homeowners get their work started and completed.
If you need assistance with your Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, don’t waste time and call L&Son. We will evaluate your equipment and repair your appliance quickly.
We provide top notch plumbing services to help your home or business operate with no issues. We provide an array of services to keep your pipes clean and running efficiently.
We Provide the Best Heating Fuel Oil at the lowest competitive price. We also provide 24 hour Heating and Cooling Services in the New York and Westchester Areas.
If you desire to be treated like family and not a dollar sign, call L&Son Heat and AC Tech.
OUR CLIENTS ARE VERY HAPPY WITH OUR WORK. SEE WHAT THEY’RE SAYING ABOUT US.
Copyright 2019 © All Rights Reserved L & Son Heating AC Tech.

tokenized:
Full Service Home Heating and Oil Provider . L and Son ’s provides quick delivery and service to homes in the New York and Westchester areas .
 We have an array of Air Conditioning and AC Tune Up Services . You can rely on us to provide efficient and state of the art diagnostic systems for your air / cooling systems .
 If you have questions about your Boiler or HVAC installations , give us a call at L&Son Heating and AC Tech . We will look at either Boiler or HVAC systems so you can sleep easy .
 We have financing options to assist you with any services you need performed for your home . We have tailored programs to help homeowners get their work started and completed .
 If you need assistance with your Commercial Refrigeration Equipment , do n’t waste time and call L&Son . We will evaluate your equipment and repair your appliance quickly .
 We provide top notch plumbing services to help your home or business operate with no issues . We provide an array of services to keep your pipes clean and running efficiently .
 We Provide the Best Heating Fuel Oil at the lowest competitive price . We also provide 24 hour Heating and Cooling Services in the New York and Westchester Areas .
 If you desire to be treated like family and not a dollar sign , call L&Son Heat and AC Tech .
 OUR CLIENTS ARE VERY HAPPY WITH OUR WORK . SEE WHAT THEY’RE SAYING ABOUT US .
 Copyright 2019 © All Rights Reserved L & Son Heating AC Tech .


text:
Peter Brett's Blog: From the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
From the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
I've been following the progress of In Re Bilski before the US Supreme Court, because it's got the potential to set the rules for business method (and thus software) patents for the next few years.
JUSTICE KENNEDY: But it would be different, it seems to me, than what you are -- let's assume you can't patent an alphabet. I assume that is true. And you can take an alphabet to make beautiful words, and -- and so forth. You -- you want to say that these -- these electronic signals can be used in a way just like the alphabet can be used. And many of the scientific briefs say that their process is different, that they are taking electronic signals and turning them into some other sort of signal. But that's not what you are doing.
MR. JAKES: That may be, but those signals could also be transmitted. On -- on your question about the alphabet you said look at the Morse claim 5, which was an alphabet to Morse Code. That's exactly what it was.
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: So you reject -- you reject the substitute. You think you can patent an alphabet because it is a process of forming words.
MR. JAKES: It could be, yes.
In what world does this seem like a sane and reasonable way for patentability rules to evolve?
ACTA: what lurks in the shadows?

tokenized:
Peter Brett 's Blog : From the ridiculous to the ... even more ridiculous ?
 From the ridiculous to the ... even more ridiculous ?
 I 've been following the progress of In Re Bilski before the US Supreme Court , because it 's got the potential to set the rules for business method ( and thus software ) patents for the next few years .
 JUSTICE KENNEDY : But it would be different , it seems to me , than what you are -- let 's assume you ca n't patent an alphabet . I assume that is true . And you can take an alphabet to make beautiful words , and -- and so forth . You -- you want to say that these -- these electronic signals can be used in a way just like the alphabet can be used . And many of the scientific briefs say that their process is different , that they are taking electronic signals and turning them into some other sort of signal . But that 's not what you are doing .
 MR . JAKES : That may be , but those signals could also be transmitted . On -- on your question about the alphabet you said look at the Morse claim 5 , which was an alphabet to Morse Code . That 's exactly what it was .
 CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS : So you reject -- you reject the substitute . You think you can patent an alphabet because it is a process of forming words .
 MR . JAKES : It could be , yes .
 In what world does this seem like a sane and reasonable way for patentability rules to evolve ?
 ACTA : what lurks in the shadows ?


text:
In-vivo images including three-dimensional or surface orientation information may be captured and viewed An in-vivo site is illuminated by a plurality of sources, and the resulting reflected images may be used to provide three-dimensional or surface orientation information on the in-vivo site. The system may include a swallowable capsule.
In one embodiment, a method for presenting images includes: accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information; and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images. The in-vivo imager may be contained in a capsule. For each image the surface orientation information may be recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
FIG. 6 depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference is made to FIG. 1, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the in-vivo image capture device is a capsule  1 which comprises a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), for illuminating the body lumen, and an imager 14, such as a CMOS imager, for obtaining images of an in-vivo site 100. In an embodiment where the image capture device is a capsule 1 which moves through the GI tract, the view of the in-vivo site 100 captured changes with the movement of the image capture device. Preferably, periodically, a representation of a view of the site 100 is captured including stereoscopic, three-dimensional, surface orientation or image depth information. The illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are preferably positioned behind an optical window 8. An optical system, including, for example, lenses or mirrors (not shown), or including optical window 8, may aid in focusing reflected electromagnetic energy onto the imager. A control unit 5 is connected to each of the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and to imager 14, to synchronize the preferably non-overlapping periodic illumination of the in-vivo site by each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ with the capturing of images by imager 14. The capsule preferably includes a power source 16, such as a battery, which provides power to elements of the capsule 1, and a transmitter and antenna 18 for transmitting images obtained by imager 14 and possibly other information to a receiving device (FIG. 2) via a wireless link. The control unit 5 may be any sort of device or controller enabling the control of components. For example, a microchip, a microcontroller, or a device acting on remote commands may be used.
While in an exemplary embodiment, the illumination produced by the illumination sources  12 and 12′ is substantially white light, in alternate embodiments different illumination may be produced. For example, infra-red, red, blue or green light may be produced. Furthermore, while in one embodiment illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce the same spectrum of illumination, in alternate embodiments each may produce different spectra. Each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be, for example, individual sources, such as lamps or LEDs, may be sets of sources, such as certain LEDs in a ring of LEDs, or may be overlapping sets of sources.
Preferably, the capsule  1 is swallowed by a patient and traverses the patient's GI tract. Preferably, the capsule 1 is a swallowable capsule capturing images, but may be another sort of device and may collect information in addition to image information. For example, system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a device implanted within a patient's abdomen. Furthermore, in an embodiment including a capsule different configurations of components and systems may be included the capsule. For example, the control unit may be incorporated in the transmitter, and an imager other than a CMOS imager may be used.
In an exemplary embodiment, while the capsule  1 traverses a patient's GI tract, the capsule 1 transmits image and possibly other data to components located outside the patient's body which receive and process the data. Preferably, two images using different illumination sources are captured 20 milliseconds apart, stored in the capsule 1, and transmitted as one burst of information; one second later another two images are captured. Other time differentials may be used. The two images may be transmitted as two separate images or, alternately, processed and interlaced or combined into one image before transmission. The images may be combined by interleaving by bit or by pixel before transmission, or otherwise interleaved or combined. Alternately, the images may be multiplexed through known methods. In alternate embodiments, other rates of imaging and other timing schemes may be used. Since the capsule 1 moves through the GI tract (with possibly stationary periods), typically each image frame is different; thus successive images of the in-vivo site 100 differ.
Reference is made to FIG. 2, which depicts a schematic diagram of an in-vivo imaging system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Located outside the patient's body in one or more locations are an image receiver  20, for receiving image information from an image capture device, an image receiver storage unit 22, for storing image data at the image receiver 20, a data processor 24 for processing image data, a data processor storage unit 26, for storing image data used by the data processor 24, and an image monitor 28, for displaying, inter alia, the images transmitted by the capsule 1 and recorded by the image receiver 20. The image receiver 20 preferably includes an antenna or antenna array 15. Preferably, the image receiver 20 and image receiver storage unit 22 are small and portable, and are worn on the patient's body during recording of the images. Preferably, the data processor 24, data processor storage unit 26 and monitor 28 are part of a personal computer or workstation which includes standard components such as processor 24, a memory, a disk drive, and input-output devices, although alternate configurations are possible. Other systems for capturing, processing and recording image and other data from the in-vivo image capture device according to embodiments of the invention may be used. For example, an in-vivo image capture device may be attached by a wire to a recording device.
Preferably, for each view or site, information is gathered which includes a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective. Referring to FIG. 1, in-vivo site  100 includes irregularities 110 and may include pathologies, such as polyp 120. Irregularities 110 and polyp 120 have three-dimensional characteristics. During operation, electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12, such as visible light rays, illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a first period at a first angle. The imager 14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the period of illumination by illumination source 12. Preferably, the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are under the control of control unit 5. The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the first angle, including shadows. The image captured by imager 14 is transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to the receiver 20. Electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12′ illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a second period, preferably not overlapping with the first period, at a second angle. Since the illumination sources 12′ and 12 are preferably spaced from one another and separated by a certain distance the first angle is different from the second angle and the orientation of the illumination beams differs. In an exemplary embodiment, the illumination sources are 1.5 to 3 millimeters apart, in another embodiment the illumination sources are approximately 1 centimeter apart; in alternate embodiments other distances may be used. In general, the greater the distance, the more three dimensional or surface orientation information captured. When used herein, that the illumination sources are spaced from one another indicates that the sources of the illumination at the point the illumination is projected from the device are spaced from one another.
The imager  14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the second period of illumination. The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the second angle, including shadows. In one embodiment, the illumination of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is sequential, and occurs with a brief separation of time, in order that the view captured by imager 14 does not change significantly in between the capture of the two images. Preferably, there is a separation of approximately 10 to 20 milliseconds between the capture of the two images. In alternate embodiments, the illumination periods of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may overlap.
Data representing the images captured by imager  14 are transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to image receiver 20 using, for example, electromagnetic radio waves. For each view of an in-vivo site a set of images (where the set may include only one image) are captured and transmitted. In one embodiment the set of images includes multiple images, each based on illumination from one of multiple illumination sources, are captured and transmitted. In other embodiments, the set of images may include only one image. In one embodiment, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ are individual electromagnetic radiation sources; in further embodiments, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may include multiple electromagnetic radiation sources; for example, multiple lamps. For example, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may comprise half of a ring of illumination sources. In further embodiments, more than two illumination sources may be used, and in addition more than two views per in-vivo site may be generated. In certain embodiments, illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be positions close together, but may project electromagnetic energy in different angles. In alternate embodiments other devices for illumination may be used; for example, other types of lamps, fiber optic cables, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
Image receiver  20 transfers the image data to image receiver storage unit 22. After a certain period of time of data collection, the image data stored in storage unit 22 is sent to data processor 24 or data processor storage unit 26. For example, the image receiver storage unit 22 may be taken off the patient's body and connected, via a standard data link, e.g. a serial or parallel interface of known construction, to the personal computer or workstation which includes the data processor 24 and data processor storage unit 26. The image data is then transferred from the image receiver storage unit 22 to the data processor storage unit 26. Data processor 24 analyzes the data and provides the analyzed data to the image monitor 28, where a health professional views, for example, the image data and possibly other information. In alternate embodiments, the image data need not be stored, but may be transferred directly to a data processor, or may be displayed immediately.
The image data collected and stored may be stored indefinitely, transferred to other locations, or manipulated or analyzed. A health professional may use the images to diagnose pathological conditions of the GI tract, and, in addition, the system may provide information about the location of these pathologies. While, using a system where the data processor storage unit  26 first collects data and then transfers data to the data processor 24, the image data is not viewed in real time, other configurations allow for real time viewing. The image monitor 28 presents the image data, preferably in the form of still and moving pictures, and in addition may present other information. In an exemplary embodiment, the various categories of information are displayed in windows. Multiple monitors may be used to display image and other data.
Preferably, the image data recorded and transmitted by the capsule  40 is digital color image data, although in alternate embodiments other image formats may be used. In an exemplary embodiment, each frame of image data includes 256 rows of 256 pixels each, each pixel including data for color and brightness, according to known methods. For example, in each pixel, color may be represented by a mosaic of four sub-pixels, each sub-pixel corresponding to primaries such as red, green, or blue (where one primary is represented twice). The brightness of the overall pixel is recorded by a one byte (i.e., 0-255) brightness value. Preferably, images are stored sequentially in data processor storage unit 26. The stored data is comprised of one or more pixel properties, including color and brightness.
In alternate embodiments, the data processor  24 or another data processing unit may process the image data to create from each image pair a two-dimensional or stereoscopic image portraying the three-dimensional and surface orientation information. The data processor may, for example, subtract aspects one image from another image to highlight differences between the images; other types of processing may be performed. The user may view the resulting images as two-dimensional images, or may view the images as stereoscopic or three-dimensional images. For example, known methods may be used, such as switched glasses, polarized glasses, or colored glasses, or any other suitable manner of delivering distinct images to the left eye and right eye of a viewer. Using switched glasses, a data processor controls which lens is opaque and which is clear at different times, allowing image data from one screen to be sent to different eyes. Using polarized or colored glasses, different image data may be sent to each eye.
In some embodiments, data processor  24 may process the image using, for example, known shape from shadow methods such as that described in 3-D Stereo Using Photeinetic Ratios, Lawrence B. Wolff and Elli Angelopoulou, SPIE Vol. 2065 pp. 194-209. In such embodiments, data processor 24 compares the shadows depicted in each image pair to generate data surface orientation of the in-vivo site 100. The data processor 24 may process the images according to other methods.
Referring to FIG. 3, in step  300, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a first perspective. Preferably, the imaging device is a swallowable capsule; in alternate embodiments other imaging devices, such as endoscopes, may be used.
In step  310, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the first perspective.
In step  320, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a second perspective. Preferably, the illumination from the first and second perspective is provided by two illumination devices separated spatially. In alternate embodiments other methods of illumination may be used; for example, fiber optic cables, illumination devices which are co-located but which project illumination at different angles, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
In step  330, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the second perspective. In alternate embodiments more than two images may be captured for each site.
In step  340, the images are transferred from the image capture device. Preferably the images are transmitted after each set corresponding to a view of an in-vivo site are captured. In alternate embodiments, each image may be transferred after each is captured, or in other manners.
In step  350, the image data may be viewed by a user in a manner allowing the user to see the three-dimensional and surface orientation aspects of the in-vivo site.
Reference is made to FIG. 4, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. The capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. The imager 14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to the designated bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum generated by the each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′. Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 or illumination source 12′. One image containing three dimensional or surface orientation information is transmitted per view, rather than multiple images. In alternate embodiments other types of filters may be used, and the mosaic filter shown may be of a different configuration. For example, a mosaic filter with different colors or a different pattern may be used.
For example, illumination source  12 may emit red light and illumination source 12′ may emit green light. In such an embodiment, the filter 22 on the imager 14 is sensitive in alternating segments to red and green light. The segments on the mosaic filter that are sensitive to red will permit red light emitted by the red illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager. Likewise, the segments on the imager's mosaic filter that are sensitive to green will permit green light emitted by the green illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager.
The images obtained by the imager during the respective periods of illumination may be processed (for example, by data processor  24) and displayed to the user in various manners. For example, the user may view three-dimensional images using red-green glasses. In alternate embodiments, the multiple perspective image data in the image may be used to create three-dimensional images or two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional images, such as those as described above.
In further embodiments, information on surface orientation or three-dimensional aspects may be presented to the user in other manners, for example in textual form or in graph form. For example, a graph may be created which presents the user with a depiction of the depth (positive or negative, relative to the surface of the in-vivo site  100) at various points. Such indication may be numerical, for example, a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion at various points, or color, with each of various colors depicting indentation or protrusion. In alternate embodiments, a view of the in-vivo site 100 may be depicted, labeled at various points with depth data (e.g., numbers on a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion data). Further embodiments may describe the orientation of a view or various sections of a view as categories such as, for example, concave, convex, smooth or rough according to pre-defined criteria. Such data may be generated from, for example, known shape from shadow algorithms.
Reference is made to FIG. 5, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. The capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. Preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of the same wavelength. Capsule 1 includes additional source 13, providing marker illumination from a position and angle substantially similar to that of illumination source 12; in effect additional source 13 adds marker illumination to illumination source 12. Rays 200 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12, rays 210 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12′, and rays 220 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by source 13. Preferably, rays 220 are projected onto the in-vivo site 100 at substantially the same angle and from substantially the same position as rays 200. In one embodiment, illumination sources 12, 12′ and 13 are operated simultaneously and one image is captured and transmitted. The image may be separated into different views, providing three dimensional and surface orientation information.
The imager  14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to different bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Certain segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by source 13. Other segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by illumination sources 12 and 12′. In certain embodiments segments may filter the illumination generated by sources 12 and 12′ into different spectral bands, such as the red, green and blue spectra; in other embodiments segments may allow substantially the entire spectrum generated by sources 12 and 12′ to pass. Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. Preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 and source 12′ (or a portion thereof) or source 13. In one embodiment, source 13 produces electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency which is used to mark a perspective, such as infra-red radiation, and illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce other illumination, such as visible light. In alternate embodiments, the illumination sources may produce different spectra, and thus a separate marker source may not be needed. The marker illumination may include spectra other than infra-red radiation, for example UV radiation.
Reference is made to FIG. 6, which depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the filter  22 includes a repetitive pattern of sections, each section including a plurality of cells. Each cell allows a certain spectrum of electromagnetic radiation to pass to the imager 14. For example, cells 230 allow red light to pass, cells 240 allow blue light to pass, cells 250 allow green light to pass, and cells 260 allow infra-red radiation to pass. Preferably, the filter 22 includes many sections and cells; in one embodiment one section is included for each pixel recorded by the imager 14.
After capture, the images obtained may be displayed to the user in various manners, for example using the methods described above. In one embodiment, electromagnetic energy from one section, including all cells of the section, is recorded by each pixel of the imager  14. During the processing of the image, the known frequency of the source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. For example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for that pixel which is produced by illumination source 12.
In a further embodiment, electromagnetic energy from each cell is recorded by one pixel of the imager  14. During the processing of the image, the known frequency of the illumination source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. For example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for certain associated pixels gathering light in the frequency of the source (e.g., source 12) associated with source 13.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
2. The system according to claim 1 wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces an illumination level which differs from the illumination level produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter for transmitting image data.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a battery.
7. The system of claim 1 comprising a controller configured to control the illumination sources in a selective manner.
8. The system of claim 1 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
9. The system of claim 8 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources is capable of producing a different spectrum.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum.
13. The system of claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
14. The system according to claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a mosaic filter.
15. The system of claim 10 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
16. The system of claim 15 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources.
18. The method of claim 17 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
19. The method of claim 17 comprising passing light through a segmented filter.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of illuminating an in vivo site comprises illuminating in at least two different illumination levels.
capturing a set of images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule.
22. The method of claim 21 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light.
when capturing a first image using a first of the illumination sources, providing illumination from a third illumination source, wherein the illumination from the third illumination source differs in its spectral content from that of a second of the illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein the plurality of illumination sources are spaced from one another and selectively operable, such that the combination of the plurality of reflected images produced by illumination from the plurality of illumination sources provides information on the three-dimensional aspects of the in-vivo site.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the spectrum of illumination produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
30. The system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
31. The system of claim 27 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
32. The system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
33. The system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light illumination.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the illumination produced by at least a second one of the plurality of illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each illumination source provides light from a different angle, each illumination source being selectively operable.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
a processor accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
38. The system of claim 37, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
39. The system of claim 38, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a processor means accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive stereoscopic information.
outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
43. The method of claim 41, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period; wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
a controller means for operating the illumination sources so that the imager captures three dimensional information.
a plurality of illumination sources, at least two of the illumination sources producing light of a different spectrum, at least one illumination source producing UV light.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources, the imager including a segmented filter.
a processor capable of accepting a series of sets of images from an in-vivo imager, each set including of images taken using different lighting, and capable of outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
a processor means for accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and for outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.

tokenized:
In - vivo images including three - dimensional or surface orientation information may be captured and viewed An in - vivo site is illuminated by a plurality of sources , and the resulting reflected images may be used to provide three - dimensional or surface orientation information on the in - vivo site . The system may include a swallowable capsule .
 In one embodiment , a method for presenting images includes : accepting a series of images from an in - vivo imager , the series of images including surface orientation information ; and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images . The in - vivo imager may be contained in a capsule . For each image the surface orientation information may be recorded by at least a plurality of sub - images , each sub - image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective .
 FIG . 6 depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention .
 Reference is made to FIG . 1 , which depicts an in - vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention . In an exemplary embodiment , the in - vivo image capture device is a capsule   1 which comprises a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′ , such as light emitting diodes ( LEDs ) , for illuminating the body lumen , and an imager 14 , such as a CMOS imager , for obtaining images of an in - vivo site 100 . In an embodiment where the image capture device is a capsule 1 which moves through the GI tract , the view of the in - vivo site 100 captured changes with the movement of the image capture device . Preferably , periodically , a representation of a view of the site 100 is captured including stereoscopic , three - dimensional , surface orientation or image depth information . The illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are preferably positioned behind an optical window 8 . An optical system , including , for example , lenses or mirrors ( not shown ) , or including optical window 8 , may aid in focusing reflected electromagnetic energy onto the imager . A control unit 5 is connected to each of the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and to imager 14 , to synchronize the preferably non - overlapping periodic illumination of the in - vivo site by each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ with the capturing of images by imager 14 . The capsule preferably includes a power source 16 , such as a battery , which provides power to elements of the capsule 1 , and a transmitter and antenna 18 for transmitting images obtained by imager 14 and possibly other information to a receiving device ( FIG . 2 ) via a wireless link . The control unit 5 may be any sort of device or controller enabling the control of components . For example , a microchip , a microcontroller , or a device acting on remote commands may be used .
 While in an exemplary embodiment , the illumination produced by the illumination sources   12 and 12′ is substantially white light , in alternate embodiments different illumination may be produced . For example , infra - red , red , blue or green light may be produced . Furthermore , while in one embodiment illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce the same spectrum of illumination , in alternate embodiments each may produce different spectra . Each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be , for example , individual sources , such as lamps or LEDs , may be sets of sources , such as certain LEDs in a ring of LEDs , or may be overlapping sets of sources .
 Preferably , the capsule   1 is swallowed by a patient and traverses the patient 's GI tract . Preferably , the capsule 1 is a swallowable capsule capturing images , but may be another sort of device and may collect information in addition to image information . For example , system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a device implanted within a patient 's abdomen . Furthermore , in an embodiment including a capsule different configurations of components and systems may be included the capsule . For example , the control unit may be incorporated in the transmitter , and an imager other than a CMOS imager may be used .
 In an exemplary embodiment , while the capsule   1 traverses a patient 's GI tract , the capsule 1 transmits image and possibly other data to components located outside the patient 's body which receive and process the data . Preferably , two images using different illumination sources are captured 20 milliseconds apart , stored in the capsule 1 , and transmitted as one burst of information ; one second later another two images are captured . Other time differentials may be used . The two images may be transmitted as two separate images or , alternately , processed and interlaced or combined into one image before transmission . The images may be combined by interleaving by bit or by pixel before transmission , or otherwise interleaved or combined . Alternately , the images may be multiplexed through known methods . In alternate embodiments , other rates of imaging and other timing schemes may be used . Since the capsule 1 moves through the GI tract ( with possibly stationary periods ) , typically each image frame is different ; thus successive images of the in - vivo site 100 differ .
 Reference is made to FIG . 2 , which depicts a schematic diagram of an in - vivo imaging system according to one embodiment of the present invention . Located outside the patient 's body in one or more locations are an image receiver   20 , for receiving image information from an image capture device , an image receiver storage unit 22 , for storing image data at the image receiver 20 , a data processor 24 for processing image data , a data processor storage unit 26 , for storing image data used by the data processor 24 , and an image monitor 28 , for displaying , inter alia , the images transmitted by the capsule 1 and recorded by the image receiver 20 . The image receiver 20 preferably includes an antenna or antenna array 15 . Preferably , the image receiver 20 and image receiver storage unit 22 are small and portable , and are worn on the patient 's body during recording of the images . Preferably , the data processor 24 , data processor storage unit 26 and monitor 28 are part of a personal computer or workstation which includes standard components such as processor 24 , a memory , a disk drive , and input - output devices , although alternate configurations are possible . Other systems for capturing , processing and recording image and other data from the in - vivo image capture device according to embodiments of the invention may be used . For example , an in - vivo image capture device may be attached by a wire to a recording device .
 Preferably , for each view or site , information is gathered which includes a plurality of sub - images , each sub - image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective . Referring to FIG . 1 , in - vivo site   100 includes irregularities 110 and may include pathologies , such as polyp 120 . Irregularities 110 and polyp 120 have three - dimensional characteristics . During operation , electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12 , such as visible light rays , illuminates the in - vivo site 100 during a first period at a first angle . The imager 14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in - vivo site during the period of illumination by illumination source 12 . Preferably , the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are under the control of control unit 5 . The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in - vivo site 100 as illuminated from the first angle , including shadows . The image captured by imager 14 is transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to the receiver 20 . Electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12′ illuminates the in - vivo site 100 during a second period , preferably not overlapping with the first period , at a second angle . Since the illumination sources 12′ and 12 are preferably spaced from one another and separated by a certain distance the first angle is different from the second angle and the orientation of the illumination beams differs . In an exemplary embodiment , the illumination sources are 1.5 to 3 millimeters apart , in another embodiment the illumination sources are approximately 1 centimeter apart ; in alternate embodiments other distances may be used . In general , the greater the distance , the more three dimensional or surface orientation information captured . When used herein , that the illumination sources are spaced from one another indicates that the sources of the illumination at the point the illumination is projected from the device are spaced from one another .
 The imager   14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in - vivo site during the second period of illumination . The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in - vivo site 100 as illuminated from the second angle , including shadows . In one embodiment , the illumination of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is sequential , and occurs with a brief separation of time , in order that the view captured by imager 14 does not change significantly in between the capture of the two images . Preferably , there is a separation of approximately 10 to 20 milliseconds between the capture of the two images . In alternate embodiments , the illumination periods of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may overlap .
 Data representing the images captured by imager   14 are transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to image receiver 20 using , for example , electromagnetic radio waves . For each view of an in - vivo site a set of images ( where the set may include only one image ) are captured and transmitted . In one embodiment the set of images includes multiple images , each based on illumination from one of multiple illumination sources , are captured and transmitted . In other embodiments , the set of images may include only one image . In one embodiment , each of illumination source 12 and 12′ are individual electromagnetic radiation sources ; in further embodiments , each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may include multiple electromagnetic radiation sources ; for example , multiple lamps . For example , each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may comprise half of a ring of illumination sources . In further embodiments , more than two illumination sources may be used , and in addition more than two views per in - vivo site may be generated . In certain embodiments , illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be positions close together , but may project electromagnetic energy in different angles . In alternate embodiments other devices for illumination may be used ; for example , other types of lamps , fiber optic cables , or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination .
 Image receiver   20 transfers the image data to image receiver storage unit 22 . After a certain period of time of data collection , the image data stored in storage unit 22 is sent to data processor 24 or data processor storage unit 26 . For example , the image receiver storage unit 22 may be taken off the patient 's body and connected , via a standard data link , e.g. a serial or parallel interface of known construction , to the personal computer or workstation which includes the data processor 24 and data processor storage unit 26 . The image data is then transferred from the image receiver storage unit 22 to the data processor storage unit 26 . Data processor 24 analyzes the data and provides the analyzed data to the image monitor 28 , where a health professional views , for example , the image data and possibly other information . In alternate embodiments , the image data need not be stored , but may be transferred directly to a data processor , or may be displayed immediately .
 The image data collected and stored may be stored indefinitely , transferred to other locations , or manipulated or analyzed . A health professional may use the images to diagnose pathological conditions of the GI tract , and , in addition , the system may provide information about the location of these pathologies . While , using a system where the data processor storage unit   26 first collects data and then transfers data to the data processor 24 , the image data is not viewed in real time , other configurations allow for real time viewing . The image monitor 28 presents the image data , preferably in the form of still and moving pictures , and in addition may present other information . In an exemplary embodiment , the various categories of information are displayed in windows . Multiple monitors may be used to display image and other data .
 Preferably , the image data recorded and transmitted by the capsule   40 is digital color image data , although in alternate embodiments other image formats may be used . In an exemplary embodiment , each frame of image data includes 256 rows of 256 pixels each , each pixel including data for color and brightness , according to known methods . For example , in each pixel , color may be represented by a mosaic of four sub - pixels , each sub - pixel corresponding to primaries such as red , green , or blue ( where one primary is represented twice ) . The brightness of the overall pixel is recorded by a one byte ( i.e. , 0 - 255 ) brightness value . Preferably , images are stored sequentially in data processor storage unit 26 . The stored data is comprised of one or more pixel properties , including color and brightness .
 In alternate embodiments , the data processor   24 or another data processing unit may process the image data to create from each image pair a two - dimensional or stereoscopic image portraying the three - dimensional and surface orientation information . The data processor may , for example , subtract aspects one image from another image to highlight differences between the images ; other types of processing may be performed . The user may view the resulting images as two - dimensional images , or may view the images as stereoscopic or three - dimensional images . For example , known methods may be used , such as switched glasses , polarized glasses , or colored glasses , or any other suitable manner of delivering distinct images to the left eye and right eye of a viewer . Using switched glasses , a data processor controls which lens is opaque and which is clear at different times , allowing image data from one screen to be sent to different eyes . Using polarized or colored glasses , different image data may be sent to each eye .
 In some embodiments , data processor   24 may process the image using , for example , known shape from shadow methods such as that described in 3 - D Stereo Using Photeinetic Ratios , Lawrence B. Wolff and Elli Angelopoulou , SPIE Vol . 2065 pp . 194 - 209 . In such embodiments , data processor 24 compares the shadows depicted in each image pair to generate data surface orientation of the in - vivo site 100 . The data processor 24 may process the images according to other methods .
 Referring to FIG . 3 , in step   300 , an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a first perspective . Preferably , the imaging device is a swallowable capsule ; in alternate embodiments other imaging devices , such as endoscopes , may be used .
 In step   310 , an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the first perspective .
 In step   320 , an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a second perspective . Preferably , the illumination from the first and second perspective is provided by two illumination devices separated spatially . In alternate embodiments other methods of illumination may be used ; for example , fiber optic cables , illumination devices which are co - located but which project illumination at different angles , or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination .
 In step   330 , an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the second perspective . In alternate embodiments more than two images may be captured for each site .
 In step   340 , the images are transferred from the image capture device . Preferably the images are transmitted after each set corresponding to a view of an in - vivo site are captured . In alternate embodiments , each image may be transferred after each is captured , or in other manners .
 In step   350 , the image data may be viewed by a user in a manner allowing the user to see the three - dimensional and surface orientation aspects of the in - vivo site .
 Reference is made to FIG . 4 , which depicts an in - vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention . The capsule   1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG . 1 , and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′ , an imager 14 , and an optical window 8 . The capsule includes a control unit 5 , a power source 16 , and a transmitter and antenna 18 . Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths . The imager 14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to the designated bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum generated by the each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′. Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive . Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously . Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments , each segment including information from either illumination source 12 or illumination source 12′. One image containing three dimensional or surface orientation information is transmitted per view , rather than multiple images . In alternate embodiments other types of filters may be used , and the mosaic filter shown may be of a different configuration . For example , a mosaic filter with different colors or a different pattern may be used .
 For example , illumination source   12 may emit red light and illumination source 12′ may emit green light . In such an embodiment , the filter 22 on the imager 14 is sensitive in alternating segments to red and green light . The segments on the mosaic filter that are sensitive to red will permit red light emitted by the red illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in - vivo site 100 to reach the imager . Likewise , the segments on the imager 's mosaic filter that are sensitive to green will permit green light emitted by the green illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in - vivo site 100 to reach the imager .
 The images obtained by the imager during the respective periods of illumination may be processed ( for example , by data processor   24 ) and displayed to the user in various manners . For example , the user may view three - dimensional images using red - green glasses . In alternate embodiments , the multiple perspective image data in the image may be used to create three - dimensional images or two - dimensional representations of three - dimensional images , such as those as described above .
 In further embodiments , information on surface orientation or three - dimensional aspects may be presented to the user in other manners , for example in textual form or in graph form . For example , a graph may be created which presents the user with a depiction of the depth ( positive or negative , relative to the surface of the in - vivo site   100 ) at various points . Such indication may be numerical , for example , a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion at various points , or color , with each of various colors depicting indentation or protrusion . In alternate embodiments , a view of the in - vivo site 100 may be depicted , labeled at various points with depth data ( e.g. , numbers on a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion data ) . Further embodiments may describe the orientation of a view or various sections of a view as categories such as , for example , concave , convex , smooth or rough according to pre - defined criteria . Such data may be generated from , for example , known shape from shadow algorithms .
 Reference is made to FIG . 5 , which depicts an in - vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention . The capsule   1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG . 1 , and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′ , an imager 14 , and an optical window 8 . The capsule includes a control unit 5 , a power source 16 , and a transmitter and antenna 18 . Preferably , each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of the same wavelength . Capsule 1 includes additional source 13 , providing marker illumination from a position and angle substantially similar to that of illumination source 12 ; in effect additional source 13 adds marker illumination to illumination source 12 . Rays 200 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12 , rays 210 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12′ , and rays 220 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by source 13 . Preferably , rays 220 are projected onto the in - vivo site 100 at substantially the same angle and from substantially the same position as rays 200 . In one embodiment , illumination sources 12 , 12′ and 13 are operated simultaneously and one image is captured and transmitted . The image may be separated into different views , providing three dimensional and surface orientation information .
 The imager   14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to different bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum . Certain segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by source 13 . Other segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by illumination sources 12 and 12′. In certain embodiments segments may filter the illumination generated by sources 12 and 12′ into different spectral bands , such as the red , green and blue spectra ; in other embodiments segments may allow substantially the entire spectrum generated by sources 12 and 12′ to pass . Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive . Preferably , each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously . Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments , each segment including information from either illumination source 12 and source 12′ ( or a portion thereof ) or source 13 . In one embodiment , source 13 produces electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency which is used to mark a perspective , such as infra - red radiation , and illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce other illumination , such as visible light . In alternate embodiments , the illumination sources may produce different spectra , and thus a separate marker source may not be needed . The marker illumination may include spectra other than infra - red radiation , for example UV radiation .
 Reference is made to FIG . 6 , which depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention . In one embodiment , the filter   22 includes a repetitive pattern of sections , each section including a plurality of cells . Each cell allows a certain spectrum of electromagnetic radiation to pass to the imager 14 . For example , cells 230 allow red light to pass , cells 240 allow blue light to pass , cells 250 allow green light to pass , and cells 260 allow infra - red radiation to pass . Preferably , the filter 22 includes many sections and cells ; in one embodiment one section is included for each pixel recorded by the imager 14 .
 After capture , the images obtained may be displayed to the user in various manners , for example using the methods described above . In one embodiment , electromagnetic energy from one section , including all cells of the section , is recorded by each pixel of the imager   14 . During the processing of the image , the known frequency of the source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired . For example , the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for that pixel which is produced by illumination source 12 .
 In a further embodiment , electromagnetic energy from each cell is recorded by one pixel of the imager   14 . During the processing of the image , the known frequency of the illumination source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired . For example , the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for certain associated pixels gathering light in the frequency of the source ( e.g. , source 12 ) associated with source 13 .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period .
 2 . The system according to claim 1 wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles .
 3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces an illumination level which differs from the illumination level produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources .
 4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum .
 5 . The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter for transmitting image data .
 6 . The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a battery .
 7 . The system of claim 1 comprising a controller configured to control the illumination sources in a selective manner .
 8 . The system of claim 1 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data .
 9 . The system of claim 8 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three - dimensional and surface orientation information .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources is capable of producing a different spectrum .
 11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra - red spectrum .
 12 . The system of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum .
 13 . The system of claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter .
 14 . The system according to claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a mosaic filter .
 15 . The system of claim 10 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data .
 16 . The system of claim 15 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three - dimensional and surface orientation information .
 capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule , at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources .
 18 . The method of claim 17 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link .
 19 . The method of claim 17 comprising passing light through a segmented filter .
 20 . The method of claim 17 wherein the step of illuminating an in vivo site comprises illuminating in at least two different illumination levels .
 capturing a set of images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule .
 22 . The method of claim 21 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link .
 23 . The method of claim 21 wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra - red spectrum .
 24 . The method of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum .
 25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light .
 when capturing a first image using a first of the illumination sources , providing illumination from a third illumination source , wherein the illumination from the third illumination source differs in its spectral content from that of a second of the illumination sources .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein the plurality of illumination sources are spaced from one another and selectively operable , such that the combination of the plurality of reflected images produced by illumination from the plurality of illumination sources provides information on the three - dimensional aspects of the in - vivo site .
 28 . The system of claim 27 , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period .
 at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the spectrum of illumination produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources .
 30 . The system of claim 27 , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum .
 31 . The system of claim 27 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter .
 32 . The system of claim 27 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra - red spectrum .
 33 . The system of claim 27 , wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light illumination .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the illumination produced by at least a second one of the plurality of illumination sources .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein each illumination source provides light from a different angle , each illumination source being selectively operable .
 36 . The system of claim 35 , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period .
 a processor accepting a series of images from an in - vivo imager , the series of images including surface orientation information , and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images .
 38 . The system of claim 37 , wherein the in - vivo imager is contained in a capsule .
 39 . The system of claim 38 , wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub - images , each sub - image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective .
 a processor means accepting a series of images from an in - vivo imager , the series of images including surface orientation information , and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive stereoscopic information .
 outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images .
 42 . The method of claim 41 , wherein the in - vivo imager is contained in a capsule .
 43 . The method of claim 41 , wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub - images , each sub - image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective .
 a plurality of illumination sources , wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period ; wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles .
 a controller means for operating the illumination sources so that the imager captures three dimensional information .
 a plurality of illumination sources , at least two of the illumination sources producing light of a different spectrum , at least one illumination source producing UV light .
 capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule , at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources , the imager including a segmented filter .
 a processor capable of accepting a series of sets of images from an in - vivo imager , each set including of images taken using different lighting , and capable of outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images .
 a processor means for accepting a series of images from an in - vivo imager , the series of images including surface orientation information , and for outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images .