text:
Schalke coach Ralf Rangnick has resigned citing burnout, just six months after taking charge of the Bundesliga club. The 53-year-old suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome and has struggled to maintain the energy levels required for the job.
“After a long and deep reflection, I’ve come to the conclusion that I need a break,” Rangnick said in a statement on the club website.
Prior to taking the Schalke job, Rangnick had enjoyed a successful four-and-a-half-year spell with Hoffenheim during which he took the club from the third tier to the top-flight.
“The decision of Ralf Rangnick deserves the highest respect,” Schalke general manager Horst Heldt said.
Barcelona and Real Madrid are doing their bit to refute suggestions that Spanish football is turning into a predictable two-horse race. Both sides dropped points last night, with Barcelona fortunate to secure a 2-2 draw at Valencia, while Madrid were held to a goalless draw at Racing Santander. The results leave the reigning champions in 4th spot in La Liga while Jose Mourinho’s Real sit uncomfortably in 7th spot.
Naturally, Mourinho was magnanimity personified after watching his fail to win or score for the second successive match.
“It’s less worrisome to draw a match in which you’re the only side that tries to play and win, said Mr Charm.
Following Sunday’s defeat to Levante, Mourinho complained about the opponents’ underhand tactics. True to form, he levelled the same accusations against Racing.
Barcelona boss Pep Guardiola has been dragged into the debate concerning the club’s decision to accept a shirt sponsorship deal with the Qatar Foundation. There is a growing opposition to the deal with thousands of Barcelona fans signing an online petition urging the club to revoke the agreement.
Part of the opposition to the shirt sponsorship deal stems from the lack of democracy in Qatar, but there is also a principle at stake, with may fans believing commercial shirt sponsorship is incompatible with the club’s lofty ideals. A few seasons of mid-table obscurity while they chipped away at their €442 million debt would certainly test those principles.
Guardiola, who knows all about the lure of the petrochemical dollar, having played in Qatar for played Qatar’s Al Ahly between 2003 and 2005 and acted as an ambassador for the country’s successful World Cup bid, has defended the regime.
“I can tell you that I lived for two years in Qatar and my family and I received wonderful treatment,” the 40-year-old said.
“Qatar is opening up to the Western world and I know the efforts that the Foundation is putting in to do some really good things. I think that we often don’t understand the Muslim world – nor they us.
They need time and Barcelona need money. It’s a perfect fit.
Israel international made his first start for Palermo and he didn’t have to wait long to impress his new supporters.
After The Miss comes La Falta, and a huge sigh of relief from Fernando Torres when he saw Valencia’s Roberto Soldado somehow miss the target against Barcelona.
Uruguayan side Nacional’s match Copa Sudamericana game against Universidad de Chile was abandoned early in the second half after a linesman was hit on the head by a toilet roll thrown from the crowd. Mercifully, it was unused.
The game was the second this week in the competition to be called off, after crowd violence also marred the previous night’s match in Ecuador between Emelec and Olimpia.
Inter have appointed Claudio Ranieri as their new coach, and the 59-year-old has already vowed to “wake up the team”.
Ranieri told Domenica Sportiva: “Inter are a great team. They have had a bad start to the season and I will have to talk to the team to understand why that was.
Ranieri’s managerial cv is as long as your arm, and includes spells at Roma, Juventus, Parma, Fiorentina and Napoli as well as overseas stints at Valencia, Atletico Madrid and Chelsea, where he earned the name the Tinkerman for the frequency with which he rotated his players.
A day after FIFA confirmed that Issa Hayatou had been installed as head of its London Olympics football organising committee and GOAL Bureau chief, football’s governing body says his appointments were just a “technical error”.
“Due to a technical error, appointments for FIFA standing committees have appeared on the FIFA website,” said the FIFA statement released to media at 19:00 CET on Wednesday.
“The appointments for the chairman and deputy chairman of the FIFA standing committees will be communicated in due course.
Hayatou like most people who have been involved in the running of the sport in the past 20 years, has been the subject of corruption allegations and is currently under investigation following Panorama claims last year that he received kickbacks in the 1990s scandal that engulfed FIFA’s now-defunct marketing partner ISL.
Given that Hayatou is currently the subject of an International Olympic Committee investigation, the decision to appoint him as the replacement for Mohammed Bin Hammam as head of the 2012 Olympics organising team, did seem a little remiss of FIFA.
Like appointing Bernie Madoff to replace Nick Leeson, with the whole process overseen by Arthur Anderson.
Samuel Eto’o has demonstrated that millions of roubles deposited into his bank account following his summer move to Russian side, Anzhi Makhachkala, have not dimmed his competitive edge.
The Cameroon striker was involved in an unsightly incident with Dynamo Moscow’s Argentinian defender, Leandro Fernandez, after heading over the bar from close range.
I can’t lip read and my Spanish is no more than rudimentary, but I suspect that Fernandez might have been saying something about the size of Eto’o’s wage packet and his failure to hit a barn door.
Eto’o appears to have taken to life in Dagestan quite well and has enthused about the welcome he has received from the Anzhi fans.
“My team-mates and I personally are very thankful to them. Owing to our supporters we never feel lonely in away matches.
What? They fly in from Norway each week and most of them are living in a mythical past?
It’s not often that one gets to share some good news, but there will be few football fans who would begrudge Owen Hargreaves his comeback goal on Wednesday night. The Manchester City midfielder has suffered so many setbacks in recent years that the term injury-plagued doesn’t really do justice to his travails. Dead, would seem more aposite.
Having played just six minutes in the past three years, Hargreaves made his debut for City and opened the scoring in their 2-0 Carling cup victory over holders Birmingham City.
“The last three years have been a learning curve for me,” he told Sky Sports. “I could never have anticipated myself being in that position which was trying to make the most of a difficult situation.
On his overall fitness, Hargreaves was cautiously optimistic, even envisaging a return to the England side.
“I’ve just got to take it step by step,” he said. “I’ve just got to get back in training, consistently playing.
Steady on now Owen. Don’t run before you learn to walk. And in your case, I mean that literally.

tokenized:
Schalke coach Ralf Rangnick has resigned citing burnout , just six months after taking charge of the Bundesliga club . The 53 - year - old suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome and has struggled to maintain the energy levels required for the job .
 “ After a long and deep reflection , I ’ve come to the conclusion that I need a break , ” Rangnick said in a statement on the club website .
 Prior to taking the Schalke job , Rangnick had enjoyed a successful four - and - a - half - year spell with Hoffenheim during which he took the club from the third tier to the top - flight .
 “ The decision of Ralf Rangnick deserves the highest respect , ” Schalke general manager Horst Heldt said .
 Barcelona and Real Madrid are doing their bit to refute suggestions that Spanish football is turning into a predictable two - horse race . Both sides dropped points last night , with Barcelona fortunate to secure a 2 - 2 draw at Valencia , while Madrid were held to a goalless draw at Racing Santander . The results leave the reigning champions in 4th spot in La Liga while Jose Mourinho ’s Real sit uncomfortably in 7th spot .
 Naturally , Mourinho was magnanimity personified after watching his fail to win or score for the second successive match .
 “ It ’s less worrisome to draw a match in which you ’re the only side that tries to play and win , said Mr Charm .
 Following Sunday ’s defeat to Levante , Mourinho complained about the opponents ’ underhand tactics . True to form , he levelled the same accusations against Racing .
 Barcelona boss Pep Guardiola has been dragged into the debate concerning the club ’s decision to accept a shirt sponsorship deal with the Qatar Foundation . There is a growing opposition to the deal with thousands of Barcelona fans signing an online petition urging the club to revoke the agreement .
 Part of the opposition to the shirt sponsorship deal stems from the lack of democracy in Qatar , but there is also a principle at stake , with may fans believing commercial shirt sponsorship is incompatible with the club ’s lofty ideals . A few seasons of mid - table obscurity while they chipped away at their € 442 million debt would certainly test those principles .
 Guardiola , who knows all about the lure of the petrochemical dollar , having played in Qatar for played Qatar ’s Al Ahly between 2003 and 2005 and acted as an ambassador for the country ’s successful World Cup bid , has defended the regime .
 “ I can tell you that I lived for two years in Qatar and my family and I received wonderful treatment , ” the 40 - year - old said .
 “ Qatar is opening up to the Western world and I know the efforts that the Foundation is putting in to do some really good things . I think that we often do n’t understand the Muslim world – nor they us .
 They need time and Barcelona need money . It ’s a perfect fit .
 Israel international made his first start for Palermo and he did n’t have to wait long to impress his new supporters .
 After The Miss comes La Falta , and a huge sigh of relief from Fernando Torres when he saw Valencia ’s Roberto Soldado somehow miss the target against Barcelona .
 Uruguayan side Nacional ’s match Copa Sudamericana game against Universidad de Chile was abandoned early in the second half after a linesman was hit on the head by a toilet roll thrown from the crowd . Mercifully , it was unused .
 The game was the second this week in the competition to be called off , after crowd violence also marred the previous night ’s match in Ecuador between Emelec and Olimpia .
 Inter have appointed Claudio Ranieri as their new coach , and the 59 - year - old has already vowed to “ wake up the team ” .
 Ranieri told Domenica Sportiva : “ Inter are a great team . They have had a bad start to the season and I will have to talk to the team to understand why that was .
 Ranieri ’s managerial cv is as long as your arm , and includes spells at Roma , Juventus , Parma , Fiorentina and Napoli as well as overseas stints at Valencia , Atletico Madrid and Chelsea , where he earned the name the Tinkerman for the frequency with which he rotated his players .
 A day after FIFA confirmed that Issa Hayatou had been installed as head of its London Olympics football organising committee and GOAL Bureau chief , football ’s governing body says his appointments were just a “ technical error ” .
 “ Due to a technical error , appointments for FIFA standing committees have appeared on the FIFA website , ” said the FIFA statement released to media at 19:00 CET on Wednesday .
 “ The appointments for the chairman and deputy chairman of the FIFA standing committees will be communicated in due course .
 Hayatou like most people who have been involved in the running of the sport in the past 20 years , has been the subject of corruption allegations and is currently under investigation following Panorama claims last year that he received kickbacks in the 1990s scandal that engulfed FIFA ’s now - defunct marketing partner ISL .
 Given that Hayatou is currently the subject of an International Olympic Committee investigation , the decision to appoint him as the replacement for Mohammed Bin Hammam as head of the 2012 Olympics organising team , did seem a little remiss of FIFA .
 Like appointing Bernie Madoff to replace Nick Leeson , with the whole process overseen by Arthur Anderson .
 Samuel Eto’o has demonstrated that millions of roubles deposited into his bank account following his summer move to Russian side , Anzhi Makhachkala , have not dimmed his competitive edge .
 The Cameroon striker was involved in an unsightly incident with Dynamo Moscow ’s Argentinian defender , Leandro Fernandez , after heading over the bar from close range .
 I ca n’t lip read and my Spanish is no more than rudimentary , but I suspect that Fernandez might have been saying something about the size of Eto’o ’s wage packet and his failure to hit a barn door .
 Eto’o appears to have taken to life in Dagestan quite well and has enthused about the welcome he has received from the Anzhi fans .
 “ My team - mates and I personally are very thankful to them . Owing to our supporters we never feel lonely in away matches .
 What ? They fly in from Norway each week and most of them are living in a mythical past ?
 It ’s not often that one gets to share some good news , but there will be few football fans who would begrudge Owen Hargreaves his comeback goal on Wednesday night . The Manchester City midfielder has suffered so many setbacks in recent years that the term injury - plagued does n’t really do justice to his travails . Dead , would seem more aposite .
 Having played just six minutes in the past three years , Hargreaves made his debut for City and opened the scoring in their 2 - 0 Carling cup victory over holders Birmingham City .
 “ The last three years have been a learning curve for me , ” he told Sky Sports . “ I could never have anticipated myself being in that position which was trying to make the most of a difficult situation .
 On his overall fitness , Hargreaves was cautiously optimistic , even envisaging a return to the England side .
 “ I ’ve just got to take it step by step , ” he said . “ I ’ve just got to get back in training , consistently playing .
 Steady on now Owen . Do n’t run before you learn to walk . And in your case , I mean that literally .


text:
What do you mean by small business?
Small business refers to the company running by the first-generation entrepreneur with lesser funds and reach. Many of these types of business have low annual revenue and also the number of employees is less as compared to big business. Many companies come under the category of small business like hair salons, café, recruitment organizations, confectionaries stores, and medical stores. The margin of investment and the amount of profit gained is less as compared to big businesses.
To receive money from the customers.
To manage the total amount.
To manage the rest amount.
To invest some amount for the development of the business.
Maintain the stocks for the remaining amount.
Now for every small business, the cost plays a significant role for both the customer and for the owner. Increase in price will affect the number of sales and decrement in price will also decrease the amount of profit. To maintain a good business, you should manage all the factors which influence your profit and sales, and for this cost would be an essential aspect of your business.
How to manage the business finance and keep the cost down?
A good bookkeeper can help you in numerous ways. A bookkeeper helps you to keep track of all the incoming and outgoing of capital, which would help you to understand your business better. Hire a good bookkeeper to maintains reports on a daily basis which would help you to get the clue of ups and downs of the market.
Always keep the records of all the generated invoices, as it helps you to serve your customer with better services. The invoice should have a section of term and condition, and in that section, you should state all your words.
If you have a loan on your business, then it should be your first step to pay back the mortgage on time before paying any taxes. You can also consolidate debts a lower interest rate.
Undoubtedly, the most important factor that plays a vital role in the development of any business is the business plan. It is essential to have a properly researched business plan to move towards a successful business.
Planning is the first step that is to be done and shouldn’t have any loopholes in it. After the preparation, when only the execution is remaining, the situations become different than what would have expected. For any business, the business plans should always be modernized. Always keep more than one idea for every situation to face the uncertain events. A better business plan will lead you to the success.
The name itself suggests that you need to make a payment of a fixed cost every month. The fixed expenses cannot be modified, and you need to pay them without any alteration in the amount.
In this type of payment, the amount of money is not fixed. It may be possible that in one month there is a low variable cost as compared to the previous month. The variable value is the one which determines the amount of profit gain in a certain period.
Taxes are mandatory to pay. The government set up the amount of taxes on different factors and has different margins. The sum of tax should pay prior in a month. You should have a note of the desired amount which is for the payment of fees in your transaction book. After all the tax payments, you must distribute the expenses to your employees.
Every business faces competition from various other businesses of the same niche. In this scenario to make your business better than others, you should cut all the overhead costs.
Reconsidering the company structure is the first step that will help you. Avoid over employing the people and keeping track of the work done by each employee.
Monitor every expense and cut down the overhead cost.
Time management is necessary among the employees, and you should make the employee feel comfortable in their works so that the work will complete on time.
Don’t be dependent on freelancer for any critical task.
Develop the good financial habit as a leader and take the right decisions which would be beneficial for you as well as for your team. Think and strategize well to make your business stand out from the crowd.
With over 10 years in the financial vertical, focusing mainly on debt, Kevin Tomlinson is an experienced writer with the best tips and tricks for dealing with the debt of any sort. Kevin works best with debt settlement, Debt Consolidation, Tax Debt Relief and Student Loan Debt.

tokenized:
What do you mean by small business ?
 Small business refers to the company running by the first - generation entrepreneur with lesser funds and reach . Many of these types of business have low annual revenue and also the number of employees is less as compared to big business . Many companies come under the category of small business like hair salons , café , recruitment organizations , confectionaries stores , and medical stores . The margin of investment and the amount of profit gained is less as compared to big businesses .
 To receive money from the customers .
 To manage the total amount .
 To manage the rest amount .
 To invest some amount for the development of the business .
 Maintain the stocks for the remaining amount .
 Now for every small business , the cost plays a significant role for both the customer and for the owner . Increase in price will affect the number of sales and decrement in price will also decrease the amount of profit . To maintain a good business , you should manage all the factors which influence your profit and sales , and for this cost would be an essential aspect of your business .
 How to manage the business finance and keep the cost down ?
 A good bookkeeper can help you in numerous ways . A bookkeeper helps you to keep track of all the incoming and outgoing of capital , which would help you to understand your business better . Hire a good bookkeeper to maintains reports on a daily basis which would help you to get the clue of ups and downs of the market .
 Always keep the records of all the generated invoices , as it helps you to serve your customer with better services . The invoice should have a section of term and condition , and in that section , you should state all your words .
 If you have a loan on your business , then it should be your first step to pay back the mortgage on time before paying any taxes . You can also consolidate debts a lower interest rate .
 Undoubtedly , the most important factor that plays a vital role in the development of any business is the business plan . It is essential to have a properly researched business plan to move towards a successful business .
 Planning is the first step that is to be done and should n’t have any loopholes in it . After the preparation , when only the execution is remaining , the situations become different than what would have expected . For any business , the business plans should always be modernized . Always keep more than one idea for every situation to face the uncertain events . A better business plan will lead you to the success .
 The name itself suggests that you need to make a payment of a fixed cost every month . The fixed expenses can not be modified , and you need to pay them without any alteration in the amount .
 In this type of payment , the amount of money is not fixed . It may be possible that in one month there is a low variable cost as compared to the previous month . The variable value is the one which determines the amount of profit gain in a certain period .
 Taxes are mandatory to pay . The government set up the amount of taxes on different factors and has different margins . The sum of tax should pay prior in a month . You should have a note of the desired amount which is for the payment of fees in your transaction book . After all the tax payments , you must distribute the expenses to your employees .
 Every business faces competition from various other businesses of the same niche . In this scenario to make your business better than others , you should cut all the overhead costs .
 Reconsidering the company structure is the first step that will help you . Avoid over employing the people and keeping track of the work done by each employee .
 Monitor every expense and cut down the overhead cost .
 Time management is necessary among the employees , and you should make the employee feel comfortable in their works so that the work will complete on time .
 Do n’t be dependent on freelancer for any critical task .
 Develop the good financial habit as a leader and take the right decisions which would be beneficial for you as well as for your team . Think and strategize well to make your business stand out from the crowd .
 With over 10 years in the financial vertical , focusing mainly on debt , Kevin Tomlinson is an experienced writer with the best tips and tricks for dealing with the debt of any sort . Kevin works best with debt settlement , Debt Consolidation , Tax Debt Relief and Student Loan Debt .


text:
IT outsourcing is simply part of the way modern organizations do business today. This course will teach you the fundamental concepts of IT outsourcing and provide you with a framework to prepare for an outsourcing project.
Why Outsource and What to Outsource?
Hi everybody, and welcome to this course, IT Outsourcing - Preparing for an Outsourcing Initiative, where we are going to take a look at the things you need to do in order to prepare for an outsourcing project. My name is Tommy van Schaik, and I fill my days as an IT project manager working for the government and commercial organizations, advising and dealing with out sourcing initiatives. Outsourcing is just a part of the way modern organizations do business, and IT, because of the nature of the product, is a very suitable candidate for outsourcing. I believe that in this day and age, every IT professional should have at least a basic understanding of the outsourcing concepts in order to prepare themselves for the modern IT workplace. This course is the first course in the IT Outsourcing learning path, where we cover all phases of an IT outsourcing project, starting with this one, where we introduce the basic concepts and reasons behind outsourcing, the different outsourcing approaches you can use, and how to put together a good outsourcing strategy. By the end of this course, you will have a firm grasp of the outsourcing fundamentals, and you will have a good framework to get your outsourcing project off to a good start. So let's get started on this course, IT Outsourcing - Preparing for an Outsourcing Initiative, here at Pluralsight.
Hi everybody, and welcome back. We're going to continue this course on preparing an IT outsourcing initiative with this next module, Why Outsource and What to Outsource? In this module, we're going to look at the rationale behind outsourcing, and we're going to look at the different areas of IT that are suitable candidates for outsourcing initiatives. Having a good overview of the reasons behind outsourcing, and the different areas of IT that can be outsourced gives you a good foundation to understand some of the outsourcing-related decisions that organizations make. Alright, so first we'll look at the why behind outsourcing. Originally, outsourcing was almost exclusively about cutting costs, but nowadays organizations start outsourcing projects for a wide variety of organizational issues. We will discuss these issues, and how outsourcing could provide an answer to these problems that organizations are facing. Second, we will look at the different areas of IT and how suitable they are for outsourcing. As technology becomes better and better, more areas are easier to outsource. Especially now Infrastructure and Platform as a Service is really taking off, it is becoming way more attractive for organizations to look at putting some of their IT capabilities in a cloud environment. Alright then, let's get started on this module on the why and the what of outsourcing.
Hi everybody, and welcome back to another module in this course on preparing for an outsourcing initiative. We already covered the basic elements of why organizations outsource and what kind of IT capabilities are usually outsourced by organizations. Now let's take a look at the different strategies you can apply when outsourcing. We'll look at the different options, and explain the process of identifying the best possible solution for your organization. Alright, so the approach is going to be as follows. First, we're going to look at using a single vendor for your outsourcing, or perhaps you'll find it better to have multiple vendors involved in your outsourcing activities. Then we'll discuss the possibility of offshoring and nearshoring when you look beyond the borders of the country your company is situated in. Then we'll take a look at a cloud options, and how they impact the possibilities you have when it comes to outsourcing. Then we'll look at some less-common outsourcing models like crowdsourcing and microsourcing. And finally, and perhaps most importantly, we'll provide you with a structured approach to determine the right outsourcing model for your individual organization. Alright, so that's the plan, so let's get started on this module.
Hi everyone, and welcome back to another module in the course Preparing an Outsourcing Initiative. In the previous modules, we familiarized ourselves with the reasons to outsource, what kind of IT to outsource, and what kind of outsourcing options that are out there. In this module, we're going to present you with the framework that you can use to select and verify your outsourcing initiative, and we're going to be talking about how important it is to get support from all layers in the organization right from the start of the outsourcing project. So for selecting and validating your outsourcing initiative, you're going to need a good old-fashioned business case. And because outsourcing is such a multi-headed beast, it's important that you make it thorough, easy to understand, in such a way that you do not only convince yourself that this is a good idea, but also the people within the management, and even the people within the different IT departments of your organization. Then we're going to be talking about the buy in from the rest of the organization. If you are going to prepare for an outsourcing initiative, it's vital that you include everyone as early as possible within the project. This will create support and hugely improve the chances of turning your outsourcing project into a success. Alright then, let's get started on this module on Preparing for Outsourcing.

tokenized:
IT outsourcing is simply part of the way modern organizations do business today . This course will teach you the fundamental concepts of IT outsourcing and provide you with a framework to prepare for an outsourcing project .
 Why Outsource and What to Outsource ?
 Hi everybody , and welcome to this course , IT Outsourcing - Preparing for an Outsourcing Initiative , where we are going to take a look at the things you need to do in order to prepare for an outsourcing project . My name is Tommy van Schaik , and I fill my days as an IT project manager working for the government and commercial organizations , advising and dealing with out sourcing initiatives . Outsourcing is just a part of the way modern organizations do business , and IT , because of the nature of the product , is a very suitable candidate for outsourcing . I believe that in this day and age , every IT professional should have at least a basic understanding of the outsourcing concepts in order to prepare themselves for the modern IT workplace . This course is the first course in the IT Outsourcing learning path , where we cover all phases of an IT outsourcing project , starting with this one , where we introduce the basic concepts and reasons behind outsourcing , the different outsourcing approaches you can use , and how to put together a good outsourcing strategy . By the end of this course , you will have a firm grasp of the outsourcing fundamentals , and you will have a good framework to get your outsourcing project off to a good start . So let 's get started on this course , IT Outsourcing - Preparing for an Outsourcing Initiative , here at Pluralsight .
 Hi everybody , and welcome back . We 're going to continue this course on preparing an IT outsourcing initiative with this next module , Why Outsource and What to Outsource ? In this module , we 're going to look at the rationale behind outsourcing , and we 're going to look at the different areas of IT that are suitable candidates for outsourcing initiatives . Having a good overview of the reasons behind outsourcing , and the different areas of IT that can be outsourced gives you a good foundation to understand some of the outsourcing - related decisions that organizations make . Alright , so first we 'll look at the why behind outsourcing . Originally , outsourcing was almost exclusively about cutting costs , but nowadays organizations start outsourcing projects for a wide variety of organizational issues . We will discuss these issues , and how outsourcing could provide an answer to these problems that organizations are facing . Second , we will look at the different areas of IT and how suitable they are for outsourcing . As technology becomes better and better , more areas are easier to outsource . Especially now Infrastructure and Platform as a Service is really taking off , it is becoming way more attractive for organizations to look at putting some of their IT capabilities in a cloud environment . Alright then , let 's get started on this module on the why and the what of outsourcing .
 Hi everybody , and welcome back to another module in this course on preparing for an outsourcing initiative . We already covered the basic elements of why organizations outsource and what kind of IT capabilities are usually outsourced by organizations . Now let 's take a look at the different strategies you can apply when outsourcing . We 'll look at the different options , and explain the process of identifying the best possible solution for your organization . Alright , so the approach is going to be as follows . First , we 're going to look at using a single vendor for your outsourcing , or perhaps you 'll find it better to have multiple vendors involved in your outsourcing activities . Then we 'll discuss the possibility of offshoring and nearshoring when you look beyond the borders of the country your company is situated in . Then we 'll take a look at a cloud options , and how they impact the possibilities you have when it comes to outsourcing . Then we 'll look at some less - common outsourcing models like crowdsourcing and microsourcing . And finally , and perhaps most importantly , we 'll provide you with a structured approach to determine the right outsourcing model for your individual organization . Alright , so that 's the plan , so let 's get started on this module .
 Hi everyone , and welcome back to another module in the course Preparing an Outsourcing Initiative . In the previous modules , we familiarized ourselves with the reasons to outsource , what kind of IT to outsource , and what kind of outsourcing options that are out there . In this module , we 're going to present you with the framework that you can use to select and verify your outsourcing initiative , and we 're going to be talking about how important it is to get support from all layers in the organization right from the start of the outsourcing project . So for selecting and validating your outsourcing initiative , you 're going to need a good old - fashioned business case . And because outsourcing is such a multi - headed beast , it 's important that you make it thorough , easy to understand , in such a way that you do not only convince yourself that this is a good idea , but also the people within the management , and even the people within the different IT departments of your organization . Then we 're going to be talking about the buy in from the rest of the organization . If you are going to prepare for an outsourcing initiative , it 's vital that you include everyone as early as possible within the project . This will create support and hugely improve the chances of turning your outsourcing project into a success . Alright then , let 's get started on this module on Preparing for Outsourcing .


text:
Earth Day is April 22 and to celebrate, I’m showing you how easy it is to recycle cardboard into an adorable refrigerator magnet using ribbon.
I save lots of household trash like this cardboard box for my craft projects. It’s a great way to save money and recycle at the same time. Cardboard can be cut into almost any type of shape, like the potted flower I selected for the refrigerator magnet.
Once the design is cut out begin by covering the pot and trunk with ribbon by gluing on and wrapping around.
Next, for the flower petals, cut and seal 2.5 inch long strips using your Proxxon hot wire cutter or just cut and seal with heat. You will need 37 pieces for a 3 1/2 inch circle.
Fold each strip together and using tweezers to hold, cut off at the diagonal from fold . . .
Fold bottom corners together, overlapping and seal with heat.
Glue petals onto circle in a clockwise pattern . . .
overlapping rows until reaching the center.
Place hot glue in center and add seed beads, and press them down to seal.
Fold a piece of Bowdabra bow wire in half and place it in the Mini Bowdabra, tucking ends under. Then place the ribbon into the center making a 2 inch loop and leaving a tail.
Fold the other side ribbon, making another 2 inch loop leaving a tail and cutting off excess ribbon.
Finally, scrunch down the ribbon with the Mini Bowdabra wand.
Push the end bow wire through the loop while it’s still in the Mini Bowdabra, tightening and gently pulling out. Take the wire around to the back and knot. Cut off excess wire.
Dovetail the ends by cutting on the diagonal at the fold.
Finally, fluff the Bowdabra bow . . .
and glue onto the flower pot and also glue on magnets to the back.
Lastly, enjoy your recycled magnet!
Once you make your recycled cardboard magnet you will want to visit Bowdabra designer Gail to see even more of her awesome craft tutorials on her blog and social media!
Visit Gail at her blog, Facebook, G+, Pinterest and twitter.
Absolutely beautiful, my friend! Thanks for the tutorial.
You’re quite welcome, dear Stephanie! You are a sweetheart!
Precioso trabajo y magnifico tutorial.Un trabajo delicado y muy primaveral.
Gracias, Lirtea! Eris tan amable!
this is so adorable Gail, love it!!!
Thanks, Sandy! You know I enjoy making things using ribbon and Bowdabra bows!
Wow what a beautiful bow ?

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Earth Day is April 22 and to celebrate , I ’m showing you how easy it is to recycle cardboard into an adorable refrigerator magnet using ribbon .
 I save lots of household trash like this cardboard box for my craft projects . It ’s a great way to save money and recycle at the same time . Cardboard can be cut into almost any type of shape , like the potted flower I selected for the refrigerator magnet .
 Once the design is cut out begin by covering the pot and trunk with ribbon by gluing on and wrapping around .
 Next , for the flower petals , cut and seal 2.5 inch long strips using your Proxxon hot wire cutter or just cut and seal with heat . You will need 37 pieces for a 3 1/2 inch circle .
 Fold each strip together and using tweezers to hold , cut off at the diagonal from fold . . .
 Fold bottom corners together , overlapping and seal with heat .
 Glue petals onto circle in a clockwise pattern . . .
 overlapping rows until reaching the center .
 Place hot glue in center and add seed beads , and press them down to seal .
 Fold a piece of Bowdabra bow wire in half and place it in the Mini Bowdabra , tucking ends under . Then place the ribbon into the center making a 2 inch loop and leaving a tail .
 Fold the other side ribbon , making another 2 inch loop leaving a tail and cutting off excess ribbon .
 Finally , scrunch down the ribbon with the Mini Bowdabra wand .
 Push the end bow wire through the loop while it ’s still in the Mini Bowdabra , tightening and gently pulling out . Take the wire around to the back and knot . Cut off excess wire .
 Dovetail the ends by cutting on the diagonal at the fold .
 Finally , fluff the Bowdabra bow . . .
 and glue onto the flower pot and also glue on magnets to the back .
 Lastly , enjoy your recycled magnet !
 Once you make your recycled cardboard magnet you will want to visit Bowdabra designer Gail to see even more of her awesome craft tutorials on her blog and social media !
 Visit Gail at her blog , Facebook , G+ , Pinterest and twitter .
 Absolutely beautiful , my friend ! Thanks for the tutorial .
 You ’re quite welcome , dear Stephanie ! You are a sweetheart !
 Precioso trabajo y magnifico tutorial . Un trabajo delicado y muy primaveral .
 Gracias , Lirtea ! Eris tan amable !
 this is so adorable Gail , love it ! ! !
 Thanks , Sandy ! You know I enjoy making things using ribbon and Bowdabra bows !
 Wow what a beautiful bow ?


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Hello, Above issue is solved. I am able to create object file and lib file with respective folders. Now i written code for executable, but without any errors my executable is not gets created.... Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing anything else. If multiple -C options are specified, each is interpreted relative to the previous one: -C / -C etc is equivalent to -C /etc. This is typically used with recursive invocations of make.
When one directory contains multiple programs, it is most convenient to describe all of the programs in one makefile ./Makefile. Since the target remade by default will be the first one in the makefile, it is common to make this a phony target named ‘ all ’ and give it, as prerequisites, all the individual programs.... Are a couple of ways. Each line in a makefile is send to a shell separately, hence the "\" to get multiple lines treated as one line.
If a project directory doesn't yet exist, create one now. Start a new makefile for your project by copying Makefile.sample from the Bob folder into your project directory, then rename it Makefile . Open it in any text editor that supports Unix-style LF line endings. how to become an apple news publisher A makefile is the set of instructions that you use to tell makepp how to build your program. Makepp can accept most makefiles written for the standard unix make, but if you're starting from scratch, it is often much simpler to use some of makepp's advanced features.
When one directory contains multiple programs, it is most convenient to describe all of the programs in one makefile ./Makefile. Since the target remade by default will be the first one in the makefile, it is common to make this a phony target named ‘ all ’ and give it, as prerequisites, all the individual programs.
5/09/2015 · Create a makefile for a set of source files. Several sources files are given but we are not allowed to modify them. The goal is to create a makefile such that if a change is made to any of the source code files, the project can be rebuilt by typing make at the command line.
C Extension for C++ source files. On Unix systems typically .cc, on DOS/Windows .cpp. Note that the source files in the apfloat packages have a .cpp extension so if this is something else than .cpp, you will need to rename the files to the appropriate extension.

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Hello , Above issue is solved . I am able to create object file and lib file with respective folders . Now i written code for executable , but without any errors my executable is not gets created .... Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing anything else . If multiple -C options are specified , each is interpreted relative to the previous one : -C / -C etc is equivalent to -C /etc . This is typically used with recursive invocations of make .
 When one directory contains multiple programs , it is most convenient to describe all of the programs in one makefile ./Makefile . Since the target remade by default will be the first one in the makefile , it is common to make this a phony target named ‘ all ’ and give it , as prerequisites , all the individual programs .... Are a couple of ways . Each line in a makefile is send to a shell separately , hence the " \ " to get multiple lines treated as one line .
 If a project directory does n't yet exist , create one now . Start a new makefile for your project by copying Makefile.sample from the Bob folder into your project directory , then rename it Makefile . Open it in any text editor that supports Unix - style LF line endings . how to become an apple news publisher A makefile is the set of instructions that you use to tell makepp how to build your program . Makepp can accept most makefiles written for the standard unix make , but if you 're starting from scratch , it is often much simpler to use some of makepp 's advanced features .
 When one directory contains multiple programs , it is most convenient to describe all of the programs in one makefile ./Makefile . Since the target remade by default will be the first one in the makefile , it is common to make this a phony target named ‘ all ’ and give it , as prerequisites , all the individual programs .
 5/09/2015 · Create a makefile for a set of source files . Several sources files are given but we are not allowed to modify them . The goal is to create a makefile such that if a change is made to any of the source code files , the project can be rebuilt by typing make at the command line .
 C Extension for C++ source files . On Unix systems typically .cc , on DOS / Windows .cpp . Note that the source files in the apfloat packages have a .cpp extension so if this is something else than .cpp , you will need to rename the files to the appropriate extension .


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International Submarine Engineering Ltd. (ISE) is a world leader in the design and integration of autonomous and remotely operated robotic vehicles and terrestrial robotics. The company has evolved a unique skill set for turning concepts into solutions. Integrating complex projects utilizes the company’s resources from industrial design, real-time software engineering and embedded systems to prototyping, testing, and quality control.
Development of unique subsea systems for individual requirements in the offshore oil industry.
ISE offers a range of capabilities from feasibility studies through detailed analysis and design, to systems development and field support. We place great emphasis on developing equipment to meet individual customer requirements and operational demands.
The capabilities of ISE are firmly centered with our diverse, experienced and knowledgeable staff. This team has laid the foundation that has enabled access of ISE products and service to hundreds of customers and applications the world over for over 4 decades.

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International Submarine Engineering Ltd. ( ISE ) is a world leader in the design and integration of autonomous and remotely operated robotic vehicles and terrestrial robotics . The company has evolved a unique skill set for turning concepts into solutions . Integrating complex projects utilizes the company ’s resources from industrial design , real - time software engineering and embedded systems to prototyping , testing , and quality control .
 Development of unique subsea systems for individual requirements in the offshore oil industry .
 ISE offers a range of capabilities from feasibility studies through detailed analysis and design , to systems development and field support . We place great emphasis on developing equipment to meet individual customer requirements and operational demands .
 The capabilities of ISE are firmly centered with our diverse , experienced and knowledgeable staff . This team has laid the foundation that has enabled access of ISE products and service to hundreds of customers and applications the world over for over 4 decades .


text: On November 16, 2010 John J Nolt Oil Company contacted New Holland Police Department reguarding a delivery of 150 gallons of fuel oil to 3124 E. Lincoln Highway Apt A Paradise, Pa on August 20, 2010 at the request of resident, Kerri JOHNSON. The business recieved a check for $342 as payment for the fuel oil which was found to be issued on a closed account. A search warrant was served on Woodforest National Bank for the bank records pertaining to JOHNSON's account. Bank records from Woodforest National Bank shows that Johnson's account was closed on January 17, 2010.

tokenized: On November 16 , 2010 John J Nolt Oil Company contacted New Holland Police Department reguarding a delivery of 150 gallons of fuel oil to 3124 E. Lincoln Highway Apt A Paradise , Pa on August 20 , 2010 at the request of resident , Kerri JOHNSON . The business recieved a check for $ 342 as payment for the fuel oil which was found to be issued on a closed account . A search warrant was served on Woodforest National Bank for the bank records pertaining to JOHNSON 's account . Bank records from Woodforest National Bank shows that Johnson 's account was closed on January 17 , 2010 .


text:
I was able to capture a video of the "tearing" as well, here is the frame(s) that it happens in on both the source file and the actual playback on catalyst. It is somewhat subtle at times but on videos with more motion it is more noticeable.
I have files that run on the exact same machine that have double that data rate that run fine, they just don't have any fast motion so I don't see it.
This is with 1 layer running, plenty of system resources showing on the meters and no apparent frame drops. In testing I could play back I think 6 layers of this file with no frame drops.
I have more pics if it's helpful.
Any news on the Mavericks patch?
I just had to replace my Mac Pro and the new model won't run osx 10.7 or 10.8!!!
Although it is not a show computer I do use it for pre vis and programming and we start production rehearsals next week!!
I am sure Richard will post the link to the download when he is happy for it to be used on shows.

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I was able to capture a video of the " tearing " as well , here is the frame(s ) that it happens in on both the source file and the actual playback on catalyst . It is somewhat subtle at times but on videos with more motion it is more noticeable .
 I have files that run on the exact same machine that have double that data rate that run fine , they just do n't have any fast motion so I do n't see it .
 This is with 1 layer running , plenty of system resources showing on the meters and no apparent frame drops . In testing I could play back I think 6 layers of this file with no frame drops .
 I have more pics if it 's helpful .
 Any news on the Mavericks patch ?
 I just had to replace my Mac Pro and the new model wo n't run osx 10.7 or 10.8 ! ! !
 Although it is not a show computer I do use it for pre vis and programming and we start production rehearsals next week ! !
 I am sure Richard will post the link to the download when he is happy for it to be used on shows .


text:
 Suryagarh Jaisalmer (India) | FROM $74 - SAVE ON AGODA!
"Beautiful property with exceptional service."
Have a question for Suryagarh Jaisalmer?
"The staff were fantastic, each and everyone of them."
Whether you're a tourist or traveling on business, Suryagarh Jaisalmer is a great choice for accommodation when visiting Jaisalmer. From here, guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer. No less exceptional is the hotel's easy access to the city's myriad attractions and landmarks, such as Kuldhara Abandoned Village.
The facilities and services provided by Suryagarh Jaisalmer ensure a pleasant stay for guests. A selection of top-class facilities such as 24-hour room service, free Wi-Fi in all rooms, 24-hour front desk, facilities for disabled guests, express check-in/check-out can be enjoyed at the hotel.
In addition, all guestrooms feature a variety of comforts. Many rooms even provide television LCD/plasma screen, clothes rack, mirror, towels, internet access – wireless to please the most discerning guest. The hotel offers wonderful recreational facilities such as hot tub, fitness center, indoor pool, spa, massage to make your stay truly unforgettable. With an ideal location and facilities to match, Suryagarh Jaisalmer hits the spot in many ways.
"The hotel is located 15km from the city."
excellent Location, Tasty and Varieties of food. Totally different experience. As food professional i always suggest to keep local dishes which only you people has served. Dal pakwan/Bajra khichdi were excellent and services in restaurant as well. Thanks for everything. Keep it up.
Absolutely fabulous hotel. The staff were fantastic, each and everyone of them. The location for us was wonderful as it was out of the hustle of the city and yet close enough to do anything in the city. The rooms were spacious, clean and well appointed. The property was nice.
I wish Jaisalmer had a direct flight, just so that I can visit Suraygarh again. Beautiful property with exceptional service. Specially the buffet and the serving staff. Property was full, still there was enough space and service was good. Seems like good service is build into the culture and everyone was really good. Staff brought out breakfast items that were not on the menu, which was great. Would like to call out Manjeet for great seevice. Only thing that was lacking is giving us info on activities provided by Suraygarh. Like safari or dinner at dunes, I asked for infor repeatedly but no one reached out. Rest was great and I will definitely recommend anyone who is going to Jaisalmer.
We spent 2 wonderful nights at Suryegarh. It is a little outside of city center of Jaisalmer in the middle of the desert. A charming renovated fort, you arrive there and never want to leave. Service is great, breakfast is a highlight, the rest of the food was good but way overpriced. Pool is under renovation but overall the hotel is still an amazing experience!
This hotel was absolutely amazing, perfect for our family. From the numerous reading nooks and gorgeous old artifacts to sublime gardens and exceptional service, we loved every minute of our stay. The animals at breakfast enchanted our 11 and 9 year old kids. The only disappointing thing was that the main pool was out of service having repairs, so there was only a very small (but nice) pool to dip in (it was very hot, so the pool was necessary). I would highly recommend it to anyone. Note that it’s 15 minutes drive outside the craziness of the main town but this was a good thing!
The facilities are immaculate. The staff caters towards all your needs, but sometimes it felt that someone is babysitting you. Some personal space without interruption during meals would be a welcome change. Overall, I would recommend the stay at this location.
To visit Suryagarh Jaisalmer is atleast once in a lifetime place to visit. We were here for our first anniversary and it was a experience to remember. They have given the feel of Old traditional fort with modern touch. The peace, joy and serenity you feel and absorb at thai place is just beyond words. I will for sure come here many more times in near future.
We stayed at the signature suite at suryagarh which were very comfortable and retained the perfect heritage charm. Despite a few glitches here and there the overall experience at the hotel was great. The personalized service at the hotel made us feel at home. Special mention for the staff. They are pros at taking really good care of their guests. Food quality was good.
Great stay in a lovely hotel away from the pollution in the city, yet close enough since it's just a 20 minute drive to the fort. The property is beautifully laid out, the colours are restful, there's nothing that jars and the 'chudail trail' late at night is great fun - you mightn't see any ghosts but it's a delightfully spooky experience, and of course, the desert stars are awesome.
The hotel is spread over vast property and have all the amenities. The highlight is the breakfast time when you have peacock, dove, tortoise running around in the lobby and you can even feed them. The children will definitely have great time playing with animals and listening to live folk songs. Staff are courteous and will ensure that you have pleasant stay. I would like to thank Mr Sagar for helping us to plan our stay and also upgrading our rooms to ensure children have direct access to lobby. A definite place to stay.
impressive building and extensive grounds 6 stars service and attention to detail encountered only in other few 5 starsL world-famous hotels massage to die for think I went to heaven and back a few times in only 75 minutes would have gladly stayed another few days just mooching around well done guys!
Loved the entire property and the food preparations by Chef Megh Singh Rathore.
excellent property and ambience. loved it!
The hotel is beautiful, the food is amazing and overall we had an excellent stay. Highly recommend it.
its a fantastic hotel with best off beat location. one can easily spend about two days just enjoying hostel amenities. staff is so profession al and coperative.
Great staff, sublime hotel, delicious food! We will go back.

tokenized:
 Suryagarh Jaisalmer ( India ) | FROM $ 74 - SAVE ON AGODA !
 " Beautiful property with exceptional service . "
 Have a question for Suryagarh Jaisalmer ?
 " The staff were fantastic , each and everyone of them . "
 Whether you 're a tourist or traveling on business , Suryagarh Jaisalmer is a great choice for accommodation when visiting Jaisalmer . From here , guests can enjoy easy access to all that the lively city has to offer . No less exceptional is the hotel 's easy access to the city 's myriad attractions and landmarks , such as Kuldhara Abandoned Village .
 The facilities and services provided by Suryagarh Jaisalmer ensure a pleasant stay for guests . A selection of top - class facilities such as 24 - hour room service , free Wi - Fi in all rooms , 24 - hour front desk , facilities for disabled guests , express check - in / check - out can be enjoyed at the hotel .
 In addition , all guestrooms feature a variety of comforts . Many rooms even provide television LCD / plasma screen , clothes rack , mirror , towels , internet access – wireless to please the most discerning guest . The hotel offers wonderful recreational facilities such as hot tub , fitness center , indoor pool , spa , massage to make your stay truly unforgettable . With an ideal location and facilities to match , Suryagarh Jaisalmer hits the spot in many ways .
 " The hotel is located 15 km from the city . "
 excellent Location , Tasty and Varieties of food . Totally different experience . As food professional i always suggest to keep local dishes which only you people has served . Dal pakwan / Bajra khichdi were excellent and services in restaurant as well . Thanks for everything . Keep it up .
 Absolutely fabulous hotel . The staff were fantastic , each and everyone of them . The location for us was wonderful as it was out of the hustle of the city and yet close enough to do anything in the city . The rooms were spacious , clean and well appointed . The property was nice .
 I wish Jaisalmer had a direct flight , just so that I can visit Suraygarh again . Beautiful property with exceptional service . Specially the buffet and the serving staff . Property was full , still there was enough space and service was good . Seems like good service is build into the culture and everyone was really good . Staff brought out breakfast items that were not on the menu , which was great . Would like to call out Manjeet for great seevice . Only thing that was lacking is giving us info on activities provided by Suraygarh . Like safari or dinner at dunes , I asked for infor repeatedly but no one reached out . Rest was great and I will definitely recommend anyone who is going to Jaisalmer .
 We spent 2 wonderful nights at Suryegarh . It is a little outside of city center of Jaisalmer in the middle of the desert . A charming renovated fort , you arrive there and never want to leave . Service is great , breakfast is a highlight , the rest of the food was good but way overpriced . Pool is under renovation but overall the hotel is still an amazing experience !
 This hotel was absolutely amazing , perfect for our family . From the numerous reading nooks and gorgeous old artifacts to sublime gardens and exceptional service , we loved every minute of our stay . The animals at breakfast enchanted our 11 and 9 year old kids . The only disappointing thing was that the main pool was out of service having repairs , so there was only a very small ( but nice ) pool to dip in ( it was very hot , so the pool was necessary ) . I would highly recommend it to anyone . Note that it ’s 15 minutes drive outside the craziness of the main town but this was a good thing !
 The facilities are immaculate . The staff caters towards all your needs , but sometimes it felt that someone is babysitting you . Some personal space without interruption during meals would be a welcome change . Overall , I would recommend the stay at this location .
 To visit Suryagarh Jaisalmer is atleast once in a lifetime place to visit . We were here for our first anniversary and it was a experience to remember . They have given the feel of Old traditional fort with modern touch . The peace , joy and serenity you feel and absorb at thai place is just beyond words . I will for sure come here many more times in near future .
 We stayed at the signature suite at suryagarh which were very comfortable and retained the perfect heritage charm . Despite a few glitches here and there the overall experience at the hotel was great . The personalized service at the hotel made us feel at home . Special mention for the staff . They are pros at taking really good care of their guests . Food quality was good .
 Great stay in a lovely hotel away from the pollution in the city , yet close enough since it 's just a 20 minute drive to the fort . The property is beautifully laid out , the colours are restful , there 's nothing that jars and the ' chudail trail ' late at night is great fun - you might n't see any ghosts but it 's a delightfully spooky experience , and of course , the desert stars are awesome .
 The hotel is spread over vast property and have all the amenities . The highlight is the breakfast time when you have peacock , dove , tortoise running around in the lobby and you can even feed them . The children will definitely have great time playing with animals and listening to live folk songs . Staff are courteous and will ensure that you have pleasant stay . I would like to thank Mr Sagar for helping us to plan our stay and also upgrading our rooms to ensure children have direct access to lobby . A definite place to stay .
 impressive building and extensive grounds 6 stars service and attention to detail encountered only in other few 5 starsL world - famous hotels massage to die for think I went to heaven and back a few times in only 75 minutes would have gladly stayed another few days just mooching around well done guys !
 Loved the entire property and the food preparations by Chef Megh Singh Rathore .
 excellent property and ambience . loved it !
 The hotel is beautiful , the food is amazing and overall we had an excellent stay . Highly recommend it .
 its a fantastic hotel with best off beat location . one can easily spend about two days just enjoying hostel amenities . staff is so profession al and coperative .
 Great staff , sublime hotel , delicious food ! We will go back .


text:
Got lots of tasks running at the same time? Projects to invoice? Returning to work on that particular job from last month? The Tasks feature keeps all of these details in order, so you can best manage your time, your projects and your clients’ needs.
Running: A task that is currently in process.
Logged: A task that has been completed, recorded, but not yet invoiced.
Invoiced: A task that has been completed and the invoice sent to the client.
To view your Tasks list page, click the Tasks tab on the main taskbar. This will open the Tasks list page.
The Tasks list page provides a range of opportunities to carry out actions relating to each specific task. Now, we’ll explore the Tasks list and show you all the features and actions that make managing tasks so easy.
The Tasks list page displays a table of all your tasks, at every stage, from Running to Logged to Invoiced, together with handy accompanying information about each task.
Action: The Action button provides a range of possible actions, depending upon the status of the task.
Edit Task: Edit the task information on the Tasks/ Edit page.
Stop Task: Stop the task from running. It will then change status to “Logged”.
Invoice Task: Send an invoice for this task. An invoice will be automatically generated for this task, featuring all relevant information, including invoice number, client name, task duration, description, etc. You can continue creating the invoice and then Save or Send as desired.
Archive Task: Click here to archive the task. It will be archived and removed from the Tasks list page.
Delete Task: Click here to delete the task. It will be deleted and removed from the Tasks list page.
For tasks with “Logged” or “Invoiced” status, only the relevant and applicable options from the above list will show in the Action drop-down list. However, for tasks with “Invoiced” status, the Action drop-down list will also display “View Invoice”. Select this option to view and/or edit the invoice of the specific task on the Invoices / Edit page.
To sort the tasks list according to any of the columns, click on the orange column tab of your choice. A small arrow will appear. If the arrow is pointing up, data is sorted from lowest to highest value. If the arrow is pointing down, data is sorted from highest to lowest value. Click to change the arrow direction.
You can create a new task directly from the Tasks list page by clicking on the blue New Task + button located at the top right side of the page. The Tasks / Create page will open.
To filter the Tasks list, enter the filter data in the Filter field, situated at the top right of the page, to the left of the blue New Tasks + button. Tasks can be filtered according to the client name or description, or elements of these data. Let’s filter the table for a client named “Best Ninja”. You can type “best ninja”, or “best” or “ninja”, or even “bes”, or “nin”, or “ja”, or any other grouping of letters in the client name. Alternatively, you can filter according to the description data. The filter function will automatically locate and present the relevant entries.
Tasks can be invoiced directly from the Tasks list page. To invoice a task, check the relevant task in the check box that appears in the far left column next to the client name. Then click the blue Invoice button that appears at the top left of the Tasks list page. You’ll be redirected to the Invoices / Create page, and the invoice will automatically include the task and client information.
You can invoice more than one task to the same client in a single invoice. To invoice more than one task in the same invoice, select the desired tasks in the check boxes to the left of the client name column, and then click the Invoice button. You’ll be redirected to the Invoices / Create page. All the selected tasks will be automatically included in the invoice. Each task will appear as a separate line item in the invoice.
To archive or delete a task, hover over the task entry row, and open the Action drop-down list. Select Archive Task or Delete Task from the list. The Tasks table will automatically refresh, and archived or deleted tasks will no longer appear in the list.
You can also archive or delete one or more task via the gray Archive button that appears at the top left side of the Tasks list page, to the right of the blue Invoice button. To archive or delete tasks, check the relevant tasks in the check boxes that appear in the far left column next to the client name. The number of tasks selected for archiving/deleting will automatically update and show on the Archive button. Then click on the Archive button, open the drop-down list and select the desired action.
Want to view archived or deleted tasks? Check the box marked Show archived/deleted tasks, situated to the right of the Archive button. The table will automatically refresh, and will now feature the full list of tasks, including current, archived and deleted tasks. The status of archived and deleted tasks will be displayed in the Action column at the far right of the table.
Deleted tasks are displayed with a red Deleted button. To restore deleted tasks, hover on the red Deleted button. A gray Select button will appear. Click on the Select arrow, and select Restore task in the drop-down list.
Archived tasks are displayed with an orange Archived button. To restore or delete the archived task, hover on the orange Archived button. A gray Select button will appear. Click on the Select arrow, and choose Restore task from the drop-down list. To delete an archived task, select Delete task from the drop-down list of the Select button.
The Tasks page provides clickable links to take you directly to a particular client summary page, or a particular task page. To visit the client summary page, click on the client name in the Client column. To visit the Tasks / Edit page of a particular task, click on the date/time data in the Date field.
With many clients, and any number of projects ongoing at the same time, you need a simple, automatic way to keep track of the time spent on a particular task or project. Of course, this is really important when you charge clients according to time spent, such as by the hour. Yet, it can also be helpful to know just how much time you are devoting to a client or a project – even if the time spent doesn’t necessarily affect your billing.
Either way, the Tasks component of Invoice Ninja allows you to record and manage your tasks and sessions for every one of your clients.
To create a new task, go to the main taskbar and click the Tasks tab. Then, select New Task from the drop-down menu. The Tasks / Create page will open.
Before creating a new task, it is vital to ensure that the correct time zone is set. To set the time zone, go to the Settings button on the right side of the main taskbar. Click to open the drop-down menu. Select Localization. The Localization window will open. Here you can choose your time zone, enable 24 hour time, and select your preferred Time/Date Format.
Now that you’ve set the correct time zone, you can begin creating a new task.
On the Tasks / Create page, begin by selecting the client name from the drop-down list that opens when you click on the arrow at the right side of the Client field. Then, in the Description box, enter any information you want to describe the task at hand. For example, you might enter “Designing company logo”, or “Consulting conference call”. This will make it easier to identify and manage each task.
There are two ways to record sessions spent on a task: Timer and Manual.
This is an automatic timer feature that allows you to record working sessions in real time. To begin the timer, press Start. Then get to work. The timer will run until you select Stop. When you select Stop, you’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page for this created task. Here you can view a summary of the task, including Date, Time and total Duration.
The other way you can create a task is by manual entry of the session details. When you check Manual, two separate fields - Start Time and End Time - will automatically open below. Here, you can record the time spent on a task session, no matter when you completed it. Whether last week, yesterday or just now, simply enter the relevant date and time.
The Set to Now link, situated at the right side of the time fields, gives you the fast option of selecting today’s date and the time right now. Then you can easily edit and make minor adjustments to record the correct times.
With Manual entry, you can enter multiple sessions for the same task. When you finish entering a start and end time in one row, a new row will automatically open, giving you the option to enter another session.
If you want to delete a particular session, hover your mouse over the time duration of the session you wish to delete. A small red cancel icon will appear. Click on the icon to delete the entry.
Want to save the task information and move on to something else? Click Save. The task information will be saved, and you’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page for this created task. Here you can view a summary of the task, including Date, Time and total Duration.
With Manual entry, the dates and times you enter must be logical with no overlaps. If you’ve entered sessions that cannot exist simultaneously for the task, the relevant time fields will be highlighted in red, and you’ll be instructed to fix the incorrect times before leaving the page.
Whether Timer or Manual, once you’ve saved or stopped a task session, you’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page. To edit the task, click the blue Edit Details button situated just below the task information. This will open a list of all sessions for this task accrued so far, both Timer-based and Manual sessions. Now you can manually edit them. If you wish to add a session manually, enter the start and end times in the new row below the list of existing sessions.
Want to continue working with the timer? To use the Timer function, click Resume, and the timer will begin again. Continue working. When you finish, click Stop. You can resume working as many times as you like for the particular task. When the task is complete, all the time spent will be recorded as one session.
Want to save the task information and move on to something else? Click Save. The page will refresh and the task information is saved.
Want to invoice the task and get paid? Click More Actions, and select Invoice Task from the list. The task information will be imported directly into a new invoice. Now, you can add your rate, and any other information needed to complete the invoice.
Want to archive or delete the task? The task or project no longer relevant? Click More Actions and select Archive Task or Delete Task from the list. After making your selection, you’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks list page. If you archived the task, it will appear on the list in a lighter gray font. If you deleted the task, it will appear on the list with a strikethrough.
Began a task but want to cancel it? Simply click Cancel.

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Got lots of tasks running at the same time ? Projects to invoice ? Returning to work on that particular job from last month ? The Tasks feature keeps all of these details in order , so you can best manage your time , your projects and your clients ’ needs .
 Running : A task that is currently in process .
 Logged : A task that has been completed , recorded , but not yet invoiced .
 Invoiced : A task that has been completed and the invoice sent to the client .
 To view your Tasks list page , click the Tasks tab on the main taskbar . This will open the Tasks list page .
 The Tasks list page provides a range of opportunities to carry out actions relating to each specific task . Now , we ’ll explore the Tasks list and show you all the features and actions that make managing tasks so easy .
 The Tasks list page displays a table of all your tasks , at every stage , from Running to Logged to Invoiced , together with handy accompanying information about each task .
 Action : The Action button provides a range of possible actions , depending upon the status of the task .
 Edit Task : Edit the task information on the Tasks/ Edit page .
 Stop Task : Stop the task from running . It will then change status to “ Logged ” .
 Invoice Task : Send an invoice for this task . An invoice will be automatically generated for this task , featuring all relevant information , including invoice number , client name , task duration , description , etc . You can continue creating the invoice and then Save or Send as desired .
 Archive Task : Click here to archive the task . It will be archived and removed from the Tasks list page .
 Delete Task : Click here to delete the task . It will be deleted and removed from the Tasks list page .
 For tasks with “ Logged ” or “ Invoiced ” status , only the relevant and applicable options from the above list will show in the Action drop - down list . However , for tasks with “ Invoiced ” status , the Action drop - down list will also display “ View Invoice ” . Select this option to view and/or edit the invoice of the specific task on the Invoices / Edit page .
 To sort the tasks list according to any of the columns , click on the orange column tab of your choice . A small arrow will appear . If the arrow is pointing up , data is sorted from lowest to highest value . If the arrow is pointing down , data is sorted from highest to lowest value . Click to change the arrow direction .
 You can create a new task directly from the Tasks list page by clicking on the blue New Task + button located at the top right side of the page . The Tasks / Create page will open .
 To filter the Tasks list , enter the filter data in the Filter field , situated at the top right of the page , to the left of the blue New Tasks + button . Tasks can be filtered according to the client name or description , or elements of these data . Let ’s filter the table for a client named “ Best Ninja ” . You can type “ best ninja ” , or “ best ” or “ ninja ” , or even “ bes ” , or “ nin ” , or “ ja ” , or any other grouping of letters in the client name . Alternatively , you can filter according to the description data . The filter function will automatically locate and present the relevant entries .
 Tasks can be invoiced directly from the Tasks list page . To invoice a task , check the relevant task in the check box that appears in the far left column next to the client name . Then click the blue Invoice button that appears at the top left of the Tasks list page . You ’ll be redirected to the Invoices / Create page , and the invoice will automatically include the task and client information .
 You can invoice more than one task to the same client in a single invoice . To invoice more than one task in the same invoice , select the desired tasks in the check boxes to the left of the client name column , and then click the Invoice button . You ’ll be redirected to the Invoices / Create page . All the selected tasks will be automatically included in the invoice . Each task will appear as a separate line item in the invoice .
 To archive or delete a task , hover over the task entry row , and open the Action drop - down list . Select Archive Task or Delete Task from the list . The Tasks table will automatically refresh , and archived or deleted tasks will no longer appear in the list .
 You can also archive or delete one or more task via the gray Archive button that appears at the top left side of the Tasks list page , to the right of the blue Invoice button . To archive or delete tasks , check the relevant tasks in the check boxes that appear in the far left column next to the client name . The number of tasks selected for archiving / deleting will automatically update and show on the Archive button . Then click on the Archive button , open the drop - down list and select the desired action .
 Want to view archived or deleted tasks ? Check the box marked Show archived / deleted tasks , situated to the right of the Archive button . The table will automatically refresh , and will now feature the full list of tasks , including current , archived and deleted tasks . The status of archived and deleted tasks will be displayed in the Action column at the far right of the table .
 Deleted tasks are displayed with a red Deleted button . To restore deleted tasks , hover on the red Deleted button . A gray Select button will appear . Click on the Select arrow , and select Restore task in the drop - down list .
 Archived tasks are displayed with an orange Archived button . To restore or delete the archived task , hover on the orange Archived button . A gray Select button will appear . Click on the Select arrow , and choose Restore task from the drop - down list . To delete an archived task , select Delete task from the drop - down list of the Select button .
 The Tasks page provides clickable links to take you directly to a particular client summary page , or a particular task page . To visit the client summary page , click on the client name in the Client column . To visit the Tasks / Edit page of a particular task , click on the date / time data in the Date field .
 With many clients , and any number of projects ongoing at the same time , you need a simple , automatic way to keep track of the time spent on a particular task or project . Of course , this is really important when you charge clients according to time spent , such as by the hour . Yet , it can also be helpful to know just how much time you are devoting to a client or a project – even if the time spent does n’t necessarily affect your billing .
 Either way , the Tasks component of Invoice Ninja allows you to record and manage your tasks and sessions for every one of your clients .
 To create a new task , go to the main taskbar and click the Tasks tab . Then , select New Task from the drop - down menu . The Tasks / Create page will open .
 Before creating a new task , it is vital to ensure that the correct time zone is set . To set the time zone , go to the Settings button on the right side of the main taskbar . Click to open the drop - down menu . Select Localization . The Localization window will open . Here you can choose your time zone , enable 24 hour time , and select your preferred Time / Date Format .
 Now that you ’ve set the correct time zone , you can begin creating a new task .
 On the Tasks / Create page , begin by selecting the client name from the drop - down list that opens when you click on the arrow at the right side of the Client field . Then , in the Description box , enter any information you want to describe the task at hand . For example , you might enter “ Designing company logo ” , or “ Consulting conference call ” . This will make it easier to identify and manage each task .
 There are two ways to record sessions spent on a task : Timer and Manual .
 This is an automatic timer feature that allows you to record working sessions in real time . To begin the timer , press Start . Then get to work . The timer will run until you select Stop . When you select Stop , you ’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page for this created task . Here you can view a summary of the task , including Date , Time and total Duration .
 The other way you can create a task is by manual entry of the session details . When you check Manual , two separate fields - Start Time and End Time - will automatically open below . Here , you can record the time spent on a task session , no matter when you completed it . Whether last week , yesterday or just now , simply enter the relevant date and time .
 The Set to Now link , situated at the right side of the time fields , gives you the fast option of selecting today ’s date and the time right now . Then you can easily edit and make minor adjustments to record the correct times .
 With Manual entry , you can enter multiple sessions for the same task . When you finish entering a start and end time in one row , a new row will automatically open , giving you the option to enter another session .
 If you want to delete a particular session , hover your mouse over the time duration of the session you wish to delete . A small red cancel icon will appear . Click on the icon to delete the entry .
 Want to save the task information and move on to something else ? Click Save . The task information will be saved , and you ’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page for this created task . Here you can view a summary of the task , including Date , Time and total Duration .
 With Manual entry , the dates and times you enter must be logical with no overlaps . If you ’ve entered sessions that can not exist simultaneously for the task , the relevant time fields will be highlighted in red , and you ’ll be instructed to fix the incorrect times before leaving the page .
 Whether Timer or Manual , once you ’ve saved or stopped a task session , you ’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks / Edit page . To edit the task , click the blue Edit Details button situated just below the task information . This will open a list of all sessions for this task accrued so far , both Timer - based and Manual sessions . Now you can manually edit them . If you wish to add a session manually , enter the start and end times in the new row below the list of existing sessions .
 Want to continue working with the timer ? To use the Timer function , click Resume , and the timer will begin again . Continue working . When you finish , click Stop . You can resume working as many times as you like for the particular task . When the task is complete , all the time spent will be recorded as one session .
 Want to save the task information and move on to something else ? Click Save . The page will refresh and the task information is saved .
 Want to invoice the task and get paid ? Click More Actions , and select Invoice Task from the list . The task information will be imported directly into a new invoice . Now , you can add your rate , and any other information needed to complete the invoice .
 Want to archive or delete the task ? The task or project no longer relevant ? Click More Actions and select Archive Task or Delete Task from the list . After making your selection , you ’ll be automatically redirected to the Tasks list page . If you archived the task , it will appear on the list in a lighter gray font . If you deleted the task , it will appear on the list with a strikethrough .
 Began a task but want to cancel it ? Simply click Cancel .


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In 2009, B4BC established the B4BC Survivorship Fund which provides grants to regional or local non-profits that support breast cancer patients and survivors through programs that provide assistance for cancer and supportive care needs, improve quality of life and/or focus on cancer wellness education.
Grant awards are made on an annual basis, as funding permits. Please contact us to learn more.

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In 2009 , B4BC established the B4BC Survivorship Fund which provides grants to regional or local non - profits that support breast cancer patients and survivors through programs that provide assistance for cancer and supportive care needs , improve quality of life and/or focus on cancer wellness education .
 Grant awards are made on an annual basis , as funding permits . Please contact us to learn more .


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• Semikhah could only be conveyed by a quorum of three judges, one of whom must himself have Semikhah.5 Semikhah could be conferred verbally or in writing. The “laying on of hands” was only practiced in the earlier generations. It was not practiced beyond the generation of Moses and Joshua.
• Both the grantor and recipient must be in Israel at the time Semikhah is given. • In order to receive Semikhah, one must be an expert in all areas of Torah law. He must also be of proper character and zealously observant of the mitzvos and words of the sages.
• Yoreh Yoreh (He shall instruct, he shall instruct) – This ordination was for matters of religious and ritual law.
• Yadin Yadin (He shall judge, he shall judge) – This ordination qualified the scholar to matters of civil, criminal, and monetary law.
• Yatir Yatir or Yatir Bechoros Yatir (He shall permit, he shall permit) – This ordination qualified its holder to rule on matters of animal sacrifices and ritual purity.
By the fourth and fifth centuries the Romans had driven most of the rabbinic community across the border into what is now Iraq. With few sages remaining in Israel, the chain of Semikhah eventually broke.8 For the next several centuries, the title “rabbi” would not be used.9 Instead, a scholar would either be referred to as “khokham” (wise one) or, if he held a position of authority, as a Gaon (eminence).
4 Most of this material is taken from Maimonides, Hil. Sanhedrin 4.
5 Sanhedrin 13b-14a. Hilchos Sanhedrin 4:5.
8 There are some Gaonic traditions indicating that ordination may have continued beyond the fourth century. See the Kovetz Shaarei Tzedek, p. 29-30 and Sefer HaShtarot, p. 132. However, even these concur that there is no modern semikhah.
9 The term “Rabbi” is not all that common in the Talmud either. There are many honorifics used in the Talmud for Torah scholars. However, most of them are referred to simply by their names or sobriquets.
In modern times, Semikhah refers to a degree or diploma certifying one as having completed a course of study in halakhah, Jewish law. The impetus for this new Semikhah was the rise of the medieval university, which began to issue diplomas and degrees. Jewish communities, in constant flux, saw the value of credentialing its religious scholars. They called this academic degree Semikhah in commemoration of the classical Semikhah. While this Semikhah caught on in the European Jewish world, Sephardic communities did not adopt it until very late.
• Rav U-Manhig – The equivalent of a Bachelor’s degree, this Semikhah originated in the 20th century at Ner Israel Rabbinical College in Baltimore, MD. It certifies the holder as a teacher and as knowing the basic laws of the synagogue ritual service and observance of the holidays. Not all yeshivas issue this Semikhah or accept it as valid. Where accepted, the holder may use the title Rabbi.
• Yoreh Yoreh – Equivalent of a Master’s degree. Based on the classical Yoreh Yoreh, this is usually awarded following a course of study in kashrus (dietary laws), Shabbat, Niddah (laws pertaining to married women), and Aveilus (mourning). Traditionally, the final exam is given in Issur ve-heter (a very detailed sub-section of the dietary laws). This is the most common Semikhah today. A Rabbi with this Semikhah, who holds a position of communal authority, may be called Rav.
• Yadin Yadin – Also based on the classical Semikhah, this ordination is the equivalent of a Ph.D. It requires extensive study of the laws of monetary and civil damages, as well as the laws of marriage and divorce. One who holds this ordination may be called Dayan. In the US, however, they are usually called Rabbi or Rav.
There is a fourth level that is very uncommon in our times called heter horaah (although this term is confusingly applied to other ordinations as well) or Semikhahs Moreh Horaah. This is an all-encompassing Semikhah awarded to rare scholars who have mastered the entire body of Torah literature. Very few people receive this today.
• Semikhah is first and foremost a certification in Torah Law. Biblical interpretation, philosophy, and theology, are rarely, if ever, part of the curriculum. semikhah is only relevant to the study of Torah law – it is not awarded for knowledge of other areas.
• Semikhah is an academic degree attained after a course of study and examination. It is not awarded based on righteousness or character. There are people with semikhah who are not particularly pleasant.
• One who has semikhah at one level may not teach or answer questions about law from a higher level. Someone with Yoreh Yoreh should not answer questions about Yadin Yadin material.
• Because it is possible to get semikhah in only one narrow area, it means that one does have to be a Torah scholar anymore to be a Rabbi. Likewise, one doesn’t need to be a rabbi to be a Torah scholar.
• One does not have to study at a yeshiva to attain semikhah. Either a person can study at a yeshiva and receive semikhah from the Yeshiva, or one can study privately and be examined by a renowned Torah scholar.
Ultimately, the world of Torah scholarship is a meritocracy – the greater scholars receive the greatest recognition and are accorded authority on the merits of their achievements. For this reason, many of the greatest Torah scholars and authorities of the past 150 years never bothered with semikhah.

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• Semikhah could only be conveyed by a quorum of three judges , one of whom must himself have Semikhah.5 Semikhah could be conferred verbally or in writing . The “ laying on of hands ” was only practiced in the earlier generations . It was not practiced beyond the generation of Moses and Joshua .
 • Both the grantor and recipient must be in Israel at the time Semikhah is given . • In order to receive Semikhah , one must be an expert in all areas of Torah law . He must also be of proper character and zealously observant of the mitzvos and words of the sages .
 • Yoreh Yoreh ( He shall instruct , he shall instruct ) – This ordination was for matters of religious and ritual law .
 • Yadin Yadin ( He shall judge , he shall judge ) – This ordination qualified the scholar to matters of civil , criminal , and monetary law .
 • Yatir Yatir or Yatir Bechoros Yatir ( He shall permit , he shall permit ) – This ordination qualified its holder to rule on matters of animal sacrifices and ritual purity .
 By the fourth and fifth centuries the Romans had driven most of the rabbinic community across the border into what is now Iraq . With few sages remaining in Israel , the chain of Semikhah eventually broke.8 For the next several centuries , the title “ rabbi ” would not be used.9 Instead , a scholar would either be referred to as “ khokham ” ( wise one ) or , if he held a position of authority , as a Gaon ( eminence ) .
 4 Most of this material is taken from Maimonides , Hil . Sanhedrin 4 .
 5 Sanhedrin 13b-14a . Hilchos Sanhedrin 4:5 .
 8 There are some Gaonic traditions indicating that ordination may have continued beyond the fourth century . See the Kovetz Shaarei Tzedek , p. 29 - 30 and Sefer HaShtarot , p. 132 . However , even these concur that there is no modern semikhah .
 9 The term “ Rabbi ” is not all that common in the Talmud either . There are many honorifics used in the Talmud for Torah scholars . However , most of them are referred to simply by their names or sobriquets .
 In modern times , Semikhah refers to a degree or diploma certifying one as having completed a course of study in halakhah , Jewish law . The impetus for this new Semikhah was the rise of the medieval university , which began to issue diplomas and degrees . Jewish communities , in constant flux , saw the value of credentialing its religious scholars . They called this academic degree Semikhah in commemoration of the classical Semikhah . While this Semikhah caught on in the European Jewish world , Sephardic communities did not adopt it until very late .
 • Rav U - Manhig – The equivalent of a Bachelor ’s degree , this Semikhah originated in the 20th century at Ner Israel Rabbinical College in Baltimore , MD . It certifies the holder as a teacher and as knowing the basic laws of the synagogue ritual service and observance of the holidays . Not all yeshivas issue this Semikhah or accept it as valid . Where accepted , the holder may use the title Rabbi .
 • Yoreh Yoreh – Equivalent of a Master ’s degree . Based on the classical Yoreh Yoreh , this is usually awarded following a course of study in kashrus ( dietary laws ) , Shabbat , Niddah ( laws pertaining to married women ) , and Aveilus ( mourning ) . Traditionally , the final exam is given in Issur ve - heter ( a very detailed sub - section of the dietary laws ) . This is the most common Semikhah today . A Rabbi with this Semikhah , who holds a position of communal authority , may be called Rav .
 • Yadin Yadin – Also based on the classical Semikhah , this ordination is the equivalent of a Ph.D. It requires extensive study of the laws of monetary and civil damages , as well as the laws of marriage and divorce . One who holds this ordination may be called Dayan . In the US , however , they are usually called Rabbi or Rav .
 There is a fourth level that is very uncommon in our times called heter horaah ( although this term is confusingly applied to other ordinations as well ) or Semikhahs Moreh Horaah . This is an all - encompassing Semikhah awarded to rare scholars who have mastered the entire body of Torah literature . Very few people receive this today .
 • Semikhah is first and foremost a certification in Torah Law . Biblical interpretation , philosophy , and theology , are rarely , if ever , part of the curriculum . semikhah is only relevant to the study of Torah law – it is not awarded for knowledge of other areas .
 • Semikhah is an academic degree attained after a course of study and examination . It is not awarded based on righteousness or character . There are people with semikhah who are not particularly pleasant .
 • One who has semikhah at one level may not teach or answer questions about law from a higher level . Someone with Yoreh Yoreh should not answer questions about Yadin Yadin material .
 • Because it is possible to get semikhah in only one narrow area , it means that one does have to be a Torah scholar anymore to be a Rabbi . Likewise , one does n’t need to be a rabbi to be a Torah scholar .
 • One does not have to study at a yeshiva to attain semikhah . Either a person can study at a yeshiva and receive semikhah from the Yeshiva , or one can study privately and be examined by a renowned Torah scholar .
 Ultimately , the world of Torah scholarship is a meritocracy – the greater scholars receive the greatest recognition and are accorded authority on the merits of their achievements . For this reason , many of the greatest Torah scholars and authorities of the past 150 years never bothered with semikhah .