text:
Americans lose out on millions of job opportunities every year because companies seeking cheap labor choose to fill positions with illegal aliens. Since most illegal aliens come to the United States from impoverished countries with failing economies, the vast majority are willing to work for any remuneration they consider reasonable, even though the wage offered may be significantly below the market rate. Unscrupulous employers regularly exploit illegal alien laborers in order to cut their costs and increase their profits.
Prior to the Trump Administration, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the U.S. Department of Labor rarely conducted worksite enforcement operations. As a result, more and more employers, particularly in the construction and service industries, began recruiting illegal alien workers. The risk was minimal and very few companies were prosecuted for violating federal immigration law.
FAIR estimates that as many as 7,000,000 illegal aliens participate in the U.S. economy, and that at least 35 percent of those operate in the “underground economy” – that is, they work “under the table.” These individuals are not authorized to accept employment in the United States and their employers do not comply with applicable immigration, safety, wage and hour, and tax laws.1 In most cases, the employer and the illegal alien willfully collaborate to violate immigration laws. In others, employers rely on weak employment verification requirements and voluntarily turn a blind eye to questionable identity and immigration documents.
For two decades, the United States has had a simple, effective tool that would virtually eliminate the employment of illegal aliens, if only businesses were required to use it. E-Verify was created in 1997 to provide business owners with a fast and easy way to ensure that they are compliant with federal immigration law.2 However, its use is not mandated by the federal government, and only a few states require employers to use E-Verify. Mandating the use of this centralized work authorization database would likely eliminate the bulk of unlawful employment in the United States. It would also protect employers from inadvertently hiring illegal aliens and ensure that job opportunities go to those who are lawfully permitted to work in this country.
But would such a move punish those who follow the law by requiring them to use a cumbersome program that inflates the cost of hiring, like some critics suggest? To figure this out, FAIR estimated what it actually costs employers to run an employee through E-Verify. We then compared those costs to the potential fines faced by an employer who hires an illegal alien.
The costs associated with having a human resource officer input applicant information into the online E-Verify system. This included identifying the average salary of HR associates and generalists, based on current salary rates in several major cities, then calculating a per minute wage. This allowed us to compute a per-applicant cost based on how long it takes to complete the E-Verify process.
The cost of fines that the federal government could levy on a company or contractor for illegally hiring an individual who is not permitted to work in the United States.
We then compared the cost of using E-Verify, as represented by the per minute wage of the employees responsible for running a potential employee through the system, with the potential costs of not using E-Verify, as represented by the fines that employers who hire illegal aliens can face.
For the purposes of this study, we examine only the costs of putting an employee through the E-Verify system. Many employers hire illegal aliens because they will work for below-market wages. This study is designed to estimate the potential costs and savings for those who desire to follow the law. It presumes that an effective enforcement scheme makes it more costly to violate the law than it would be to simply use the E-Verify system. There is no fee for using E-Verify and an E-Verify determination that an applicant is eligible to accept employment in the United States insulates an employer from prosecution if that applicant is later found out to be seeking employment without authorization.
One concern often brought up by those who oppose the use of E-verify, is the potential for system error. Some individuals, when run through E-Verify, will trigger a Tentative Non-Confirmation (TNC) or Final Non-Confirmation (FNC) notice. A non-confirmation is determination that a particular applicant cannot be verified as eligible to work in the United States.
A TNC results when the information submitted in E-Verify does not initially match the information in the SSA, DHS or DOS records. A TNC does not mean that the employee is not authorized to work in the United States. It merely indicates that, if the employee believes he/she is authorized to work in the U.S., he must contest the TNC finding by furnishing documentation demonstrating work eligibility.
A FNC results when an individual receives a TNC and either fails to contest it, or when an individual has attempted to contest the TNC and the Social Security Administration and the Department of Homeland Security cannot verify that an applicant is authorized to work in the United States.
Fears that legal workers will erroneously be reported as ineligible are unfounded, as only 0.3 percent of applicants are inaccurately flagged as TNC.3 Since this number is so low, and since a secondary submission of paperwork resolved 94 percent of the 0.3 percent of cases inappropriately flagged as TNC, the alleged cost and inconvenience associated with E-Verify errors are too low to be relevant, or to even be reasonably calculated.
The primary costs that E-Verify imposes upon businesses are those associated with actually inputting new employee information into the system. Based on FAIR testing, it typically takes between 2 and 5 minutes to complete this process.
Since using the E-Verify system itself is free, and there is no risk of legal recourse for using it properly, the personnel costs associated with data-entry would be the only burden to businesses. FAIR examined the salaries of human resource associates and generalists from 7 major metro areas, and found the median salaries to be about $51,000 for associates, and $55,000 for generalists.8 Using $53,000 as a base, it costs an HR department approximately $2.10 to run an employee through E-Verify, if the process takes 5 minutes.
As can be seen, the cost of running an employee through the E-Verify system is miniscule. It’s a veritable bargain when compared to the fines employers potentially face for hiring someone not authorized to work in the United States.
This means that a company could run approximately 260 employees through the E-Verify system for the cost of a first-offense fine relating to a single unlawful hire, or nearly 5,500 employees for what three fines would cost.
There are also a host of other federal, state and local labor, wage/hour, workplace safety and tax laws that employers may violate by hiring and continuing to employ illegal aliens. Depending on the jurisdiction, an employer may incur significant civil and criminal penalties even in circumstances where it unknowingly hires an illegal alien. The use of E-Verify also insulates employers from these potential expenses.
Based on cost, convenience and reduction of potential liability, the only reason for an employer to prefer the paper I-9 employment verification process over the electronic E-Verify system would appear to be a willful desire to turn a blind eye to potentially fraudulent identity and work-authorization documents.
With 7.8 percent of the U.S. workforce currently unemployed or underemployed, those who are lawfully permitted to work in this country deserve every opportunity to find jobs without competing against illegal aliens willing to work for sub-standard wages.10 E-Verify is an excellent way for American businesses to protect the labor market from artificial wage depression and ensure a level playing-field among companies competing in the same markets.
As the findings in this report show, E-Verify usage does not impose a significant financial burden (or, for that matter, a significant time burden) on businesses. On the contrary, it is a minimal investment that insulates employers from significant fines, potential debarment from government contracts and, in some instances, criminal liability.
Furthermore, mandating the use of E-Verify by all employers in the United States would provide the federal government with the means to systematically conduct effective worksite enforcement operations – protecting American workers from unfair competition and illegal alien laborers from unscrupulous exploitation.
1Matt O'Brien and Spencer Raley, “The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on United States Taxpayers,” Federation for American Immigration Reform, September 27, 2017, https://fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/fiscal-burden-illegal-immigration-united-states-taxpayers.
2U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services, “E-Verify: History and Milestones,” Accessed May 2018, https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Verification/E-Verify/HistoryMilestones/E-Verify_History_and_Milestones.pdf.
3U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services, “Summary of the Evaluation of the Accuracy of E-Verify Findings,” Accessed May 2018, https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Verification/E-Verify/E-Verify_Native_Documents/Everify%20Studies/E-Verify%20Accuracy%20Report%20Summary.pdf.
4U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services, “E-Verify OVERVIEW,” Accessed May 2018, https://www.e-verify.gov/employees/e-verify-overview.
5U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Services, “EMPLOYEE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES,” Accessed May 2018, https://www.e-verify.gov/employees/employee-rights-and-responsibilities.
8“Human Resource Salaries in the United States,” Indeed, Accessed May 2018, https://www.indeed.com/salaries/Human-Resource-Salaries.
9U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, “Form I-9 Inspection Overview,” Accessed May 2018, https://www.ice.gov/factsheets/i9-inspection#fineSchedule.
10U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization,” May 4, 2018, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm.

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Americans lose out on millions of job opportunities every year because companies seeking cheap labor choose to fill positions with illegal aliens . Since most illegal aliens come to the United States from impoverished countries with failing economies , the vast majority are willing to work for any remuneration they consider reasonable , even though the wage offered may be significantly below the market rate . Unscrupulous employers regularly exploit illegal alien laborers in order to cut their costs and increase their profits .
 Prior to the Trump Administration , U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE ) and the U.S. Department of Labor rarely conducted worksite enforcement operations . As a result , more and more employers , particularly in the construction and service industries , began recruiting illegal alien workers . The risk was minimal and very few companies were prosecuted for violating federal immigration law .
 FAIR estimates that as many as 7,000,000 illegal aliens participate in the U.S. economy , and that at least 35 percent of those operate in the “ underground economy ” – that is , they work “ under the table . ” These individuals are not authorized to accept employment in the United States and their employers do not comply with applicable immigration , safety , wage and hour , and tax laws.1 In most cases , the employer and the illegal alien willfully collaborate to violate immigration laws . In others , employers rely on weak employment verification requirements and voluntarily turn a blind eye to questionable identity and immigration documents .
 For two decades , the United States has had a simple , effective tool that would virtually eliminate the employment of illegal aliens , if only businesses were required to use it . E - Verify was created in 1997 to provide business owners with a fast and easy way to ensure that they are compliant with federal immigration law.2 However , its use is not mandated by the federal government , and only a few states require employers to use E - Verify . Mandating the use of this centralized work authorization database would likely eliminate the bulk of unlawful employment in the United States . It would also protect employers from inadvertently hiring illegal aliens and ensure that job opportunities go to those who are lawfully permitted to work in this country .
 But would such a move punish those who follow the law by requiring them to use a cumbersome program that inflates the cost of hiring , like some critics suggest ? To figure this out , FAIR estimated what it actually costs employers to run an employee through E - Verify . We then compared those costs to the potential fines faced by an employer who hires an illegal alien .
 The costs associated with having a human resource officer input applicant information into the online E - Verify system . This included identifying the average salary of HR associates and generalists , based on current salary rates in several major cities , then calculating a per minute wage . This allowed us to compute a per - applicant cost based on how long it takes to complete the E - Verify process .
 The cost of fines that the federal government could levy on a company or contractor for illegally hiring an individual who is not permitted to work in the United States .
 We then compared the cost of using E - Verify , as represented by the per minute wage of the employees responsible for running a potential employee through the system , with the potential costs of not using E - Verify , as represented by the fines that employers who hire illegal aliens can face .
 For the purposes of this study , we examine only the costs of putting an employee through the E - Verify system . Many employers hire illegal aliens because they will work for below - market wages . This study is designed to estimate the potential costs and savings for those who desire to follow the law . It presumes that an effective enforcement scheme makes it more costly to violate the law than it would be to simply use the E - Verify system . There is no fee for using E - Verify and an E - Verify determination that an applicant is eligible to accept employment in the United States insulates an employer from prosecution if that applicant is later found out to be seeking employment without authorization .
 One concern often brought up by those who oppose the use of E - verify , is the potential for system error . Some individuals , when run through E - Verify , will trigger a Tentative Non - Confirmation ( TNC ) or Final Non - Confirmation ( FNC ) notice . A non - confirmation is determination that a particular applicant can not be verified as eligible to work in the United States .
 A TNC results when the information submitted in E - Verify does not initially match the information in the SSA , DHS or DOS records . A TNC does not mean that the employee is not authorized to work in the United States . It merely indicates that , if the employee believes he / she is authorized to work in the U.S. , he must contest the TNC finding by furnishing documentation demonstrating work eligibility .
 A FNC results when an individual receives a TNC and either fails to contest it , or when an individual has attempted to contest the TNC and the Social Security Administration and the Department of Homeland Security can not verify that an applicant is authorized to work in the United States .
 Fears that legal workers will erroneously be reported as ineligible are unfounded , as only 0.3 percent of applicants are inaccurately flagged as TNC.3 Since this number is so low , and since a secondary submission of paperwork resolved 94 percent of the 0.3 percent of cases inappropriately flagged as TNC , the alleged cost and inconvenience associated with E - Verify errors are too low to be relevant , or to even be reasonably calculated .
 The primary costs that E - Verify imposes upon businesses are those associated with actually inputting new employee information into the system . Based on FAIR testing , it typically takes between 2 and 5 minutes to complete this process .
 Since using the E - Verify system itself is free , and there is no risk of legal recourse for using it properly , the personnel costs associated with data - entry would be the only burden to businesses . FAIR examined the salaries of human resource associates and generalists from 7 major metro areas , and found the median salaries to be about $ 51,000 for associates , and $ 55,000 for generalists.8 Using $ 53,000 as a base , it costs an HR department approximately $ 2.10 to run an employee through E - Verify , if the process takes 5 minutes .
 As can be seen , the cost of running an employee through the E - Verify system is miniscule . It ’s a veritable bargain when compared to the fines employers potentially face for hiring someone not authorized to work in the United States .
 This means that a company could run approximately 260 employees through the E - Verify system for the cost of a first - offense fine relating to a single unlawful hire , or nearly 5,500 employees for what three fines would cost .
 There are also a host of other federal , state and local labor , wage / hour , workplace safety and tax laws that employers may violate by hiring and continuing to employ illegal aliens . Depending on the jurisdiction , an employer may incur significant civil and criminal penalties even in circumstances where it unknowingly hires an illegal alien . The use of E - Verify also insulates employers from these potential expenses .
 Based on cost , convenience and reduction of potential liability , the only reason for an employer to prefer the paper I-9 employment verification process over the electronic E - Verify system would appear to be a willful desire to turn a blind eye to potentially fraudulent identity and work - authorization documents .
 With 7.8 percent of the U.S. workforce currently unemployed or underemployed , those who are lawfully permitted to work in this country deserve every opportunity to find jobs without competing against illegal aliens willing to work for sub - standard wages.10 E - Verify is an excellent way for American businesses to protect the labor market from artificial wage depression and ensure a level playing - field among companies competing in the same markets .
 As the findings in this report show , E - Verify usage does not impose a significant financial burden ( or , for that matter , a significant time burden ) on businesses . On the contrary , it is a minimal investment that insulates employers from significant fines , potential debarment from government contracts and , in some instances , criminal liability .
 Furthermore , mandating the use of E - Verify by all employers in the United States would provide the federal government with the means to systematically conduct effective worksite enforcement operations – protecting American workers from unfair competition and illegal alien laborers from unscrupulous exploitation .
 1Matt O'Brien and Spencer Raley , “ The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on United States Taxpayers , ” Federation for American Immigration Reform , September 27 , 2017 , https://fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/fiscal-burden-illegal-immigration-united-states-taxpayers .
 2U.S. Department of Homeland Security , Citizenship and Immigration Services , “ E - Verify : History and Milestones , ” Accessed May 2018 , https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Verification/E-Verify/HistoryMilestones/E-Verify_History_and_Milestones.pdf .
 3U.S. Department of Homeland Security , Citizenship and Immigration Services , “ Summary of the Evaluation of the Accuracy of E - Verify Findings , ” Accessed May 2018 , https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Verification/E-Verify/E-Verify_Native_Documents/Everify%20Studies/E-Verify%20Accuracy%20Report%20Summary.pdf .
 4U.S. Department of Homeland Security , Citizenship and Immigration Services , “ E - Verify OVERVIEW , ” Accessed May 2018 , https://www.e-verify.gov/employees/e-verify-overview .
 5U.S. Department of Homeland Security , Citizenship and Immigration Services , “ EMPLOYEE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES , ” Accessed May 2018 , https://www.e-verify.gov/employees/employee-rights-and-responsibilities .
 8“Human Resource Salaries in the United States , ” Indeed , Accessed May 2018 , https://www.indeed.com/salaries/Human-Resource-Salaries .
 9U.S. Department of Homeland Security , Immigration and Customs Enforcement , “ Form I-9 Inspection Overview , ” Accessed May 2018 , https://www.ice.gov/factsheets/i9-inspection#fineSchedule .
 10U.S. Department of Labor , Bureau of Labor Statistics , “ Table A-15 . Alternative measures of labor underutilization , ” May 4 , 2018 , https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t15.htm .


text:
Through Penn Foster, students are able to earn a diploma by completing the Occupational Therapy Aide program. Students are expected to obtain a high school diploma or GED to be eligible for this program.
Students receive a brief history of occupational therapy and are study the categories of OT personnel. Students are taught clerical, inventory, and treatment setup, therapeutic activities, and direct patient care. Students study anatomical positioning, body regions, therapeutic terminology, and directional terms. In Activities of Daily Living, students learn activities including leisure, work, self-care, and homemaking. Students are taught patient transfer techniques and home safety. Students learn how to care for patients needing wheelchair assistance, and bathroom, dressing, feeding, or grooming equipment.
Students are taught the occupational therapist’s role in assisting with the use of equipment and therapeutic treatment. Therapeutic treatment can include interaction, fine and gross motor activities, perceptual and sensory stimulation, and strengthening activities. Students in the program learn problem solving and conflict resolution through interacting with patients. The students learn CPR and standard first aid, as well as infection control and recognizing patient distress.
If students are interested in applying for Penn Foster’s Occupational Therapy Aide program, they may fill out an online application found on the Penn Foster website.

tokenized:
Through Penn Foster , students are able to earn a diploma by completing the Occupational Therapy Aide program . Students are expected to obtain a high school diploma or GED to be eligible for this program .
 Students receive a brief history of occupational therapy and are study the categories of OT personnel . Students are taught clerical , inventory , and treatment setup , therapeutic activities , and direct patient care . Students study anatomical positioning , body regions , therapeutic terminology , and directional terms . In Activities of Daily Living , students learn activities including leisure , work , self - care , and homemaking . Students are taught patient transfer techniques and home safety . Students learn how to care for patients needing wheelchair assistance , and bathroom , dressing , feeding , or grooming equipment .
 Students are taught the occupational therapist ’s role in assisting with the use of equipment and therapeutic treatment . Therapeutic treatment can include interaction , fine and gross motor activities , perceptual and sensory stimulation , and strengthening activities . Students in the program learn problem solving and conflict resolution through interacting with patients . The students learn CPR and standard first aid , as well as infection control and recognizing patient distress .
 If students are interested in applying for Penn Foster ’s Occupational Therapy Aide program , they may fill out an online application found on the Penn Foster website .


text:
Beyonce, Madonna and even Ella Fitzgerald have performed at the Super Bowl. But who was the best?
It could be argued that the Super Bowl's half-time performances are more famous than the American football game itself. As a stream of a-listers take to the NRG stadium to entertain fans in the arena and across the globe, the slot is recognised as a landmark moment in an artist's career. As Lady Gaga takes to the stage to perform as 2017's main headliner, we have recaptured the finest moments in Super Bowl's musical history.
Global superstar Prince knocked the socks off viewers around the world as he made arguably the best performance in Super Bowl half-time history. The 12-minute set, boasting a spellbinding rendition of Purple Rain in torrential rain, as well as the more surprising performance of Foo Fighter's Best of You, incorporated questionable guitar movements, bell-bottomed trousers and a catalogue of hits with magisterial aplomb.
The late star's half-time performance in 1993 changed the course of Super Bowl history. In a bid to revive the event's flailing ratings, Jackson became the first hitmaker to have his half-time performance to be broadcast in its entirety. The set, which included the likes of Billie Jean, Black or White, and Jam, made ratings records as it became the first Superbowl in which ratings increased during the halves of the game.
Queen Bey's performance garnered more than 299,000 tweets per minute, making it the second-most tweeted moment in the micro-blogging site's history at the time. As well as making a show-stopping performance with her Destiny's Child bandmates Kelly and Michelle, all eyes were on the star as she made the Black Power salute with her battalion of dancers, dressed as Black Panthers, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the movement.
Just months after 9/11, Bono and his bandmates made an emotional half-time show, paying tribute to the victims of the terrorist attack. As a screen behind the band scrolled through the names of all the Americans who died on September 11, accompanied by a spellbinding performance of Where The Streets Have No Name, the band's show is regarded as the most poignant Super Bowl performance of all time.
Fitzgerald brought the first brush with A-list stardom to the Super Bowl in 1972. Performing a show-stopping rendition of Mack the Knife, the show is confined to fans' memories who were said to be awed by the unrecorded event.
This show gained traction for the zany verve of Steven Tyler's Walk This Way performance, and its star-studded roster of performers including Britney Spears, Missy Elliot and Mary J Blige. As Nelly joined in to cement the hip hop glitz of the night, the event became an iconic snapshot of early noughties pop culture.
After Janet Jackson's 'Nipplegate', broadcasters were reluctant to invite a female solo performer to the stage. Cue Madonna in Super Bowl XLVI, providing a slightly cautious yet spellbinding performance of her hits from Vogue to 2002's Music. The slot was not without controversy, however, as Madge was fined $1.5m ($1.2m) for sticking up her middle finger when she joined the stage as a guest performer.
This show attracted the largest audience in Bowl history, with an audience of 115.3 million viewers. Mars was joined by Beyonce and the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and made history as the youngest ever artist to take the slot. The show, directed by Hamish Hamilton, received two Primetime Emmy nominations.
The Supremes queen brought the half-time slot to life back in 1996. Arriving on stage in a crane made of sparklers, Ross was joined by a cohort of red-clad dancers before expressing her legendary diva status in a stage exit by helicopter. "Oh my, here comes my ride!" the star shouted as she left in the chopper.
They may have given the performance of their lives, but Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake's slot will not be remembered for its artistry. In one of the most notorious wardrobe malfunctions of all time, Timberlake went to rip off part of Jackson's leather bodice to reveal her bra, but ended up flashing her right breast to the entire stadium, and much of the world. Heavy fines were levied in response to the stunt, and YouTube creator Jawed Karim cited the performance as the inspiration behind him creating the video-sharing monolith.

tokenized:
Beyonce , Madonna and even Ella Fitzgerald have performed at the Super Bowl . But who was the best ?
 It could be argued that the Super Bowl 's half - time performances are more famous than the American football game itself . As a stream of a - listers take to the NRG stadium to entertain fans in the arena and across the globe , the slot is recognised as a landmark moment in an artist 's career . As Lady Gaga takes to the stage to perform as 2017 's main headliner , we have recaptured the finest moments in Super Bowl 's musical history .
 Global superstar Prince knocked the socks off viewers around the world as he made arguably the best performance in Super Bowl half - time history . The 12 - minute set , boasting a spellbinding rendition of Purple Rain in torrential rain , as well as the more surprising performance of Foo Fighter 's Best of You , incorporated questionable guitar movements , bell - bottomed trousers and a catalogue of hits with magisterial aplomb .
 The late star 's half - time performance in 1993 changed the course of Super Bowl history . In a bid to revive the event 's flailing ratings , Jackson became the first hitmaker to have his half - time performance to be broadcast in its entirety . The set , which included the likes of Billie Jean , Black or White , and Jam , made ratings records as it became the first Superbowl in which ratings increased during the halves of the game .
 Queen Bey 's performance garnered more than 299,000 tweets per minute , making it the second - most tweeted moment in the micro - blogging site 's history at the time . As well as making a show - stopping performance with her Destiny 's Child bandmates Kelly and Michelle , all eyes were on the star as she made the Black Power salute with her battalion of dancers , dressed as Black Panthers , to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the movement .
 Just months after 9/11 , Bono and his bandmates made an emotional half - time show , paying tribute to the victims of the terrorist attack . As a screen behind the band scrolled through the names of all the Americans who died on September 11 , accompanied by a spellbinding performance of Where The Streets Have No Name , the band 's show is regarded as the most poignant Super Bowl performance of all time .
 Fitzgerald brought the first brush with A - list stardom to the Super Bowl in 1972 . Performing a show - stopping rendition of Mack the Knife , the show is confined to fans ' memories who were said to be awed by the unrecorded event .
 This show gained traction for the zany verve of Steven Tyler 's Walk This Way performance , and its star - studded roster of performers including Britney Spears , Missy Elliot and Mary J Blige . As Nelly joined in to cement the hip hop glitz of the night , the event became an iconic snapshot of early noughties pop culture .
 After Janet Jackson 's ' Nipplegate ' , broadcasters were reluctant to invite a female solo performer to the stage . Cue Madonna in Super Bowl XLVI , providing a slightly cautious yet spellbinding performance of her hits from Vogue to 2002 's Music . The slot was not without controversy , however , as Madge was fined $ 1.5 m ( $ 1.2 m ) for sticking up her middle finger when she joined the stage as a guest performer .
 This show attracted the largest audience in Bowl history , with an audience of 115.3 million viewers . Mars was joined by Beyonce and the Red Hot Chili Peppers , and made history as the youngest ever artist to take the slot . The show , directed by Hamish Hamilton , received two Primetime Emmy nominations .
 The Supremes queen brought the half - time slot to life back in 1996 . Arriving on stage in a crane made of sparklers , Ross was joined by a cohort of red - clad dancers before expressing her legendary diva status in a stage exit by helicopter . " Oh my , here comes my ride ! " the star shouted as she left in the chopper .
 They may have given the performance of their lives , but Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake 's slot will not be remembered for its artistry . In one of the most notorious wardrobe malfunctions of all time , Timberlake went to rip off part of Jackson 's leather bodice to reveal her bra , but ended up flashing her right breast to the entire stadium , and much of the world . Heavy fines were levied in response to the stunt , and YouTube creator Jawed Karim cited the performance as the inspiration behind him creating the video - sharing monolith .


text:
Kids Chance of Montana on Tuesday received a $25,000 donation from Victory Insurance to help grow the number of scholarships it offers to children whose parents have been killed or seriously injured on the job.
Established in 2017, the Montana nonprofit recently joined a coalition of states that partner with Kids Chance of America to provide educational opportunities for students who’ve lost a parent or guardian at work.
Between 2011 and 2016, Van Nice said, 213 workers died on the job in Montana. In addition, Montana saw roughly 149 severe traumatic injuries from 2013 to 2014.
“We believe that by investing in the future of children impacted by these work-related traumas, we can provide them with the tools necessary to be successful in the workplace, so they can make a difference in their lives and communities,” he said.
The program’s contributors include Walmart, Northwestern Energy, Midland Claims and Browning, Kaleczyz, Berry & Hoven. Numerous private donations have also been received, and Victory Insurance recently donated $25,000 to the state chapter’s scholarship fund.

tokenized:
Kids Chance of Montana on Tuesday received a $ 25,000 donation from Victory Insurance to help grow the number of scholarships it offers to children whose parents have been killed or seriously injured on the job .
 Established in 2017 , the Montana nonprofit recently joined a coalition of states that partner with Kids Chance of America to provide educational opportunities for students who ’ve lost a parent or guardian at work .
 Between 2011 and 2016 , Van Nice said , 213 workers died on the job in Montana . In addition , Montana saw roughly 149 severe traumatic injuries from 2013 to 2014 .
 “ We believe that by investing in the future of children impacted by these work - related traumas , we can provide them with the tools necessary to be successful in the workplace , so they can make a difference in their lives and communities , ” he said .
 The program ’s contributors include Walmart , Northwestern Energy , Midland Claims and Browning , Kaleczyz , Berry & Hoven . Numerous private donations have also been received , and Victory Insurance recently donated $ 25,000 to the state chapter ’s scholarship fund .


text:
A series of special services to explore what Christianity means in practice.
Most meetings will be at 6.00pm*. Their format will vary, but will usually include a presentation, discussion and refreshments.
Revd Dr Stuart Bell will speak on: FAITH IN CONFLICT: WHY DIDN'T THE GREAT WAR UNDERMINE BRITAIN'S FAITH IN GOD?
Dr Caitriona McCartney will speak on: FAITH IN BRITISH SUNDAY SCHOOLS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
Revd Dr Andrew Stobart will speak on: LEARNING TOGETHER AS A GLOBAL METHODIST CHURCH.

tokenized:
A series of special services to explore what Christianity means in practice .
 Most meetings will be at 6.00pm * . Their format will vary , but will usually include a presentation , discussion and refreshments .
 Revd Dr Stuart Bell will speak on : FAITH IN CONFLICT : WHY DIDN'T THE GREAT WAR UNDERMINE BRITAIN 'S FAITH IN GOD ?
 Dr Caitriona McCartney will speak on : FAITH IN BRITISH SUNDAY SCHOOLS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR .
 Revd Dr Andrew Stobart will speak on : LEARNING TOGETHER AS A GLOBAL METHODIST CHURCH .


text:
Thus, the boy in Calgary was courageous and rather than saying, “You could have gotten yourself hurt,” we should applaud him for acting as he did in lieu of the knowledge that he could have been harmed. The “it’s not my business” mentality and “I don’t want to suffer harm” is what has allowed perpetrators to continue to have victims. But not only did this boy show courage, he also showed love. He showed love not only to the potential victim, but also to the victimizer.
Certainly harming anyone from a violent attack takes an act of love. When putting one’s own life in the way to protect someone else, love, even if a modicum of love, is displayed. Yet, the perpetrator is also shown love. What if the boy with the knife had harmed or even killed his victim? He would face a lifetime of guilt, not to mention legal repercussions. His family would have to live with what he did. His future would be ruined. In stopping him from making a mistake, a permanent mistake, the boy displayed love to the perpetrator, even though he put his own life in harm’s way. For this, the boy should be rewarded and not condemned.
The individual virtues are all distinct, but they are not separate. That is, you cannot have love without justice, you cannot have courage without temperance, you cannot have hope without faith, and so on. You cannot have any of the virtues without simultaneously having them all. Thus, if we rob a person of one virtue, we have robbed that person of them all. In robbing this young man of courage, we are teaching him that none of the virtues matter, that only personal peace and affluence matter. The only things that matter are the material elements of the world; so long as I can make money and not have my own safety threatened, nothing else matters.
Within our souls we are Elijahs and we feel the coming of God’s voice. We suffer under the wind of wrath, of being angry when we see injustice; but the voice is not found in the wind. We tremble with anger at the lack of charity in our world, but God is not found in our trembling. We burn with hatred towards cowardice; but we see nothing within our burning. These are our natural emotions towards things we naturally know are wrong, but lack knowledge as to why they are wrong. Unlike Elijah we never wait around to see what is next, but instead play our music loudly and drown out the reality of our existence, not wanting to contemplate it or deal with it.
If we were to stay, if we were to explore why we are so angry at injustice, we would begin to hear the still small voice of God. We would hear that voice cry out, “To hell with personal peace! To hell with affluence! Live a full life, live a virtuous life!” We would discover an inner-virtue, one that did not care for our material gains.
Sadly, we live in a society that sees no benefit to the virtues because they promise neither health nor wealth. While one can be rich and healthy and still be virtuous, being virtuous does not promise everyone such a life. Sometimes doing the right thing will require of you a great sacrifice, sometimes it will require your life. Think of the brave young student in Tienamen Square. “Brave.” That word is thrown around too often, typically to describe people who have come out with viewpoints that are often accepted by the intellectual elite of a certain group. There is no risk of a personal cost in stating those beliefs, only a promotion. Such people are no more brave than a man putting in an application for a job and saying he loves the company he’s applying for. No, this student in Tienamen Square was truly brave. When the tanks rolled in, he stood before them and made them stop…and then he walked up the tank.
He did the right thing. He stood for justice (any stand against tyranny is a stand for justice; take note of that those who despise Edward Snowden). In standing for justice he also displayed his love for his entire country. This came at a great risk as he actually put his life on the line for making a stand. Doing the right thing can sometimes get you killed, but it is better to die in pursuit of the Good than to die pursuing nothing. We all die, it is inevitable. How we live makes all the difference, and if we live for ourselves and our material gains, then our deaths will truly be pointless, much like our lives.
We are raising a generation that will go along with the rules so long as those rules make them money and gives them safety. We are raising a generation that would sooner salute a dictator if it gave them protection and prosperity than to defy him and die. I think of the picture of a Nazi rally that recently came up where everyone was giving the Nazi salute, except for one man who stood with his arms folded and gave a cynic’s scowl. It summarizes this entire post; that man had virtue and put his life on the line to display it. He could have been killed for his actions, but he chose to do what was right over what was safe, because the two are sometimes mutually exclusive.
And so we come back to our example of Calgary. The point stopped a potential stabbing. He put his life at risk by doing what was right and the school took the opportunity to cast aside virtue and embrace personal peace. In the end, such a society cannot exist. A society of weak-willed people is a society that will be ruled by the strong, that any dictator can take over. All dictators are the end result of a society when it chooses to abandon virtue, because dictators are the embodiment of vice. And yet, deep down in the weak-willed people will cry a tiny voice that, as the oppression becomes greater, grows louder and louder until it becomes a shout. That shout is then put into actions and those actions beget true liberty through virtue, though it comes at a high cost. It is not too late in our society to begin a return to virtue; our society is not dead yet, it has not fully abandoned virtue, there is still time to turn back to virtue and to live.
Posted on June 14, 2013 June 13, 2013 by Joel	This entry was posted in Culture, Philosophy, Virtue Ethics and tagged Calgary, Catholic, Christian, culture, Edward Snowden, ethics, Theology, Tienamen Square, Virtue, Virtue Ethics. Bookmark the permalink.
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tokenized:
Thus , the boy in Calgary was courageous and rather than saying , “ You could have gotten yourself hurt , ” we should applaud him for acting as he did in lieu of the knowledge that he could have been harmed . The “ it ’s not my business ” mentality and “ I do n’t want to suffer harm ” is what has allowed perpetrators to continue to have victims . But not only did this boy show courage , he also showed love . He showed love not only to the potential victim , but also to the victimizer .
 Certainly harming anyone from a violent attack takes an act of love . When putting one ’s own life in the way to protect someone else , love , even if a modicum of love , is displayed . Yet , the perpetrator is also shown love . What if the boy with the knife had harmed or even killed his victim ? He would face a lifetime of guilt , not to mention legal repercussions . His family would have to live with what he did . His future would be ruined . In stopping him from making a mistake , a permanent mistake , the boy displayed love to the perpetrator , even though he put his own life in harm ’s way . For this , the boy should be rewarded and not condemned .
 The individual virtues are all distinct , but they are not separate . That is , you can not have love without justice , you can not have courage without temperance , you can not have hope without faith , and so on . You can not have any of the virtues without simultaneously having them all . Thus , if we rob a person of one virtue , we have robbed that person of them all . In robbing this young man of courage , we are teaching him that none of the virtues matter , that only personal peace and affluence matter . The only things that matter are the material elements of the world ; so long as I can make money and not have my own safety threatened , nothing else matters .
 Within our souls we are Elijahs and we feel the coming of God ’s voice . We suffer under the wind of wrath , of being angry when we see injustice ; but the voice is not found in the wind . We tremble with anger at the lack of charity in our world , but God is not found in our trembling . We burn with hatred towards cowardice ; but we see nothing within our burning . These are our natural emotions towards things we naturally know are wrong , but lack knowledge as to why they are wrong . Unlike Elijah we never wait around to see what is next , but instead play our music loudly and drown out the reality of our existence , not wanting to contemplate it or deal with it .
 If we were to stay , if we were to explore why we are so angry at injustice , we would begin to hear the still small voice of God . We would hear that voice cry out , “ To hell with personal peace ! To hell with affluence ! Live a full life , live a virtuous life ! ” We would discover an inner - virtue , one that did not care for our material gains .
 Sadly , we live in a society that sees no benefit to the virtues because they promise neither health nor wealth . While one can be rich and healthy and still be virtuous , being virtuous does not promise everyone such a life . Sometimes doing the right thing will require of you a great sacrifice , sometimes it will require your life . Think of the brave young student in Tienamen Square . “ Brave . ” That word is thrown around too often , typically to describe people who have come out with viewpoints that are often accepted by the intellectual elite of a certain group . There is no risk of a personal cost in stating those beliefs , only a promotion . Such people are no more brave than a man putting in an application for a job and saying he loves the company he ’s applying for . No , this student in Tienamen Square was truly brave . When the tanks rolled in , he stood before them and made them stop … and then he walked up the tank .
 He did the right thing . He stood for justice ( any stand against tyranny is a stand for justice ; take note of that those who despise Edward Snowden ) . In standing for justice he also displayed his love for his entire country . This came at a great risk as he actually put his life on the line for making a stand . Doing the right thing can sometimes get you killed , but it is better to die in pursuit of the Good than to die pursuing nothing . We all die , it is inevitable . How we live makes all the difference , and if we live for ourselves and our material gains , then our deaths will truly be pointless , much like our lives .
 We are raising a generation that will go along with the rules so long as those rules make them money and gives them safety . We are raising a generation that would sooner salute a dictator if it gave them protection and prosperity than to defy him and die . I think of the picture of a Nazi rally that recently came up where everyone was giving the Nazi salute , except for one man who stood with his arms folded and gave a cynic ’s scowl . It summarizes this entire post ; that man had virtue and put his life on the line to display it . He could have been killed for his actions , but he chose to do what was right over what was safe , because the two are sometimes mutually exclusive .
 And so we come back to our example of Calgary . The point stopped a potential stabbing . He put his life at risk by doing what was right and the school took the opportunity to cast aside virtue and embrace personal peace . In the end , such a society can not exist . A society of weak - willed people is a society that will be ruled by the strong , that any dictator can take over . All dictators are the end result of a society when it chooses to abandon virtue , because dictators are the embodiment of vice . And yet , deep down in the weak - willed people will cry a tiny voice that , as the oppression becomes greater , grows louder and louder until it becomes a shout . That shout is then put into actions and those actions beget true liberty through virtue , though it comes at a high cost . It is not too late in our society to begin a return to virtue ; our society is not dead yet , it has not fully abandoned virtue , there is still time to turn back to virtue and to live .
 Posted on June 14 , 2013 June 13 , 2013 by Joel 	 This entry was posted in Culture , Philosophy , Virtue Ethics and tagged Calgary , Catholic , Christian , culture , Edward Snowden , ethics , Theology , Tienamen Square , Virtue , Virtue Ethics . Bookmark the permalink .
 ← Should a Pastor / Priest be paid ?


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" Electrical Inspection Services " Services in American Canyon , CA has been our specialty .
 American Canyon , CA " Electrical Inspection Services " Services Done Right !
 We would love to solve your Electrical Inspection Services needs and provide you a Service unlike any other company in American Canyon , CA could .