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Wavelet Transform Digital Watermarking decomposes a source cover image into a number of 2-D critically sampled subbands. There are four subbands created at the end of each stage of the wavelet transformation, defined in the vertical and horizontal directions: Low-Low, High-Low, Low-High and High-High. Subsequent stages apply a similar transform to the Low-Low band of the previous stage. The original signal can be completely reconstructed by performing the Inverse Wavelet Transform.
i and j are coordinates of the coefficients within the subband.
Here the energy of the subband wavelet coefficient is modeled as its absolute value. Instead of |Cn,i,j| the value Cn,i,j2, may be utilized.
In one implementation w may take values 0 and 1, in another ±1.
The reason to use Gaussian Noise is it improves transparency and is quite robust to collusive attacks.
The parameter λ controls the level of the watermark. It has to be chosen based on a good compromise between transparency and robustness.
Human eyes are not sensitive to the small changes in edges and textures of the cover image but are very sensitive to the small changes in the flat or smoothareas of an image. Therefore making change proportional to the coefficient energy is a way to avoid proportionally big changes in the areas of small coefficients that in many cases correspond to the flat or smooth areas.
After watermarking insertion into the subbands, the inverse wavelet transform is applied to form the watermarked image.
The procedure for watermark extraction from a watermarked image utilizes the original cover image and watermark. First the wavelet transform is performed. Then, in subbands where watermarking is embedded, the energy of the coefficients is normalized to the energy of the original image in the same subband. The difference between subbands of watermarked and original images contains the watermark. Lastly, there may need to be post processing, depending on the particular method of insertion.
The advantage of wavelet digital watermarking over other transforms such as DCT is a robustness to common image distortions such as: additive noise, rescaling/stretching, half toning and wavelet compressions based on embedded zero-trees.

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Wavelet Transform Digital Watermarking decomposes a source cover image into a number of 2 - D critically sampled subbands . There are four subbands created at the end of each stage of the wavelet transformation , defined in the vertical and horizontal directions : Low - Low , High - Low , Low - High and High - High . Subsequent stages apply a similar transform to the Low - Low band of the previous stage . The original signal can be completely reconstructed by performing the Inverse Wavelet Transform .
 i and j are coordinates of the coefficients within the subband .
 Here the energy of the subband wavelet coefficient is modeled as its absolute value . Instead of |Cn , i , j| the value Cn , i , j2 , may be utilized .
 In one implementation w may take values 0 and 1 , in another ±1 .
 The reason to use Gaussian Noise is it improves transparency and is quite robust to collusive attacks .
 The parameter λ controls the level of the watermark . It has to be chosen based on a good compromise between transparency and robustness .
 Human eyes are not sensitive to the small changes in edges and textures of the cover image but are very sensitive to the small changes in the flat or smoothareas of an image . Therefore making change proportional to the coefficient energy is a way to avoid proportionally big changes in the areas of small coefficients that in many cases correspond to the flat or smooth areas .
 After watermarking insertion into the subbands , the inverse wavelet transform is applied to form the watermarked image .
 The procedure for watermark extraction from a watermarked image utilizes the original cover image and watermark . First the wavelet transform is performed . Then , in subbands where watermarking is embedded , the energy of the coefficients is normalized to the energy of the original image in the same subband . The difference between subbands of watermarked and original images contains the watermark . Lastly , there may need to be post processing , depending on the particular method of insertion .
 The advantage of wavelet digital watermarking over other transforms such as DCT is a robustness to common image distortions such as : additive noise , rescaling / stretching , half toning and wavelet compressions based on embedded zero - trees .


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This acreage would make a BEAUTIFUL PLACE TO BUILD YOUR HOME, AS IT'S VERY PRIVATE. MATURE TREES ARE SCATTERED ABOUT THE PROPERTY. IT'S JUST BEAUTIFUL!
With the LARGE BARN, SHED and METAL STORAGE BUILDING, this property would be great for horses or other farm animals.
Just imagine your dream home on this BEAUTIFUL PRIVATE 9 ACRES.
YOU MUST SEE THIS PROPERTY TO APPRECIATE IT...IT'S ABSOLUTELY BEAUTIFUL! The LARGE RED BARN IS LOCATED CLOSE TO THE END OF THE PROPERTY.
Another view of the property that features a LARGE BARN, SHED & METAL STORAGE BUILDING.
This property would make a great place to BUILD YOUR DREAM HOME and enjoy the privacy of owning over 9 acres. Come take a look, it's really beautiful and most convenient to I-840, I-40 and Hwy 231 South. PRIVATE 9.19 Acres with a WATER TAP at the road and NATURAL GAS available. NOTE: JUST REDUCED on March 15th...Seller says, BRING OFFER!** DEVELOPERS ARE WELCOME!

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This acreage would make a BEAUTIFUL PLACE TO BUILD YOUR HOME , AS IT 'S VERY PRIVATE . MATURE TREES ARE SCATTERED ABOUT THE PROPERTY . IT 'S JUST BEAUTIFUL !
 With the LARGE BARN , SHED and METAL STORAGE BUILDING , this property would be great for horses or other farm animals .
 Just imagine your dream home on this BEAUTIFUL PRIVATE 9 ACRES .
 YOU MUST SEE THIS PROPERTY TO APPRECIATE IT ... IT 'S ABSOLUTELY BEAUTIFUL ! The LARGE RED BARN IS LOCATED CLOSE TO THE END OF THE PROPERTY .
 Another view of the property that features a LARGE BARN , SHED & METAL STORAGE BUILDING .
 This property would make a great place to BUILD YOUR DREAM HOME and enjoy the privacy of owning over 9 acres . Come take a look , it 's really beautiful and most convenient to I-840 , I-40 and Hwy 231 South . PRIVATE 9.19 Acres with a WATER TAP at the road and NATURAL GAS available . NOTE : JUST REDUCED on March 15th ... Seller says , BRING OFFER ! * * DEVELOPERS ARE WELCOME !


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Day 3 at WIFW 2015 saw Chaya Mehrotra’s unique and compelling collection.
Designer Chaya Mehrotra’s show on the Day 3 of the Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week 2015 turned out to be one of the best of the season so far. The designer showed off a unique collection in Delhi on October 10, 2014.
The show started off with confusion as random models with different outfits were seen walking. But then the audience realised that they were actually walking for Chaya Mehrotra. Every model who showcased the collection came dressed in a completely different outfit, showing a character that we encounter in our everyday life.
The showstopper of the collection was a Bengali bride carrying a Bengali ‘sindoor’ box in her hand.

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Day 3 at WIFW 2015 saw Chaya Mehrotra ’s unique and compelling collection .
 Designer Chaya Mehrotra ’s show on the Day 3 of the Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week 2015 turned out to be one of the best of the season so far . The designer showed off a unique collection in Delhi on October 10 , 2014 .
 The show started off with confusion as random models with different outfits were seen walking . But then the audience realised that they were actually walking for Chaya Mehrotra . Every model who showcased the collection came dressed in a completely different outfit , showing a character that we encounter in our everyday life .
 The showstopper of the collection was a Bengali bride carrying a Bengali ‘ sindoor ’ box in her hand .


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We are specialized in manufacturing and supplying a qualitative range of Steam Boilers. Our Steam Boilers range includes, Coil Type Steam Boiler (Non IBR )and Shell and Tube Steam Boiler in Small Industrial type and IBR, which comes under the preview of IBR.
boiler manufacturers in hyderabad – Water Tube Boiler. Steam Boilers in Hyderabad, Telangana, India – Manufacturer and Phone Numbers, Addresses of Steam Boilers suppliers, dealers, distributors and manufacturers in Hyderabad, Telangana, India and Steam Boilers companies .
View Steam Boiler, details & specifications from Preci - Tech India, a leading Exporter of Steam Boilers in Dr. A. S. Rao Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. Get contact details, address, map on IndiaMART.
Business listings of Steam Boilers manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Hyderabad, Telangana along with their contact details & address. Find here Steam Boilers suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Steam Boilers prices for buying.
Brand Name: ; SVGM We are counted as one of the most eminent Oil Fired Boiler Manufacturers in India. Customers from every nook and corner of India are placing huge and repeated orders for the Oil Fired Steam Boiler due to easy operation and low cost maintenance.
Find here details of gas fired steam boiler manufacturers, suppliers, dealers, traders & exporters from India. Buy gas fired steam boiler through verified companies with product rating.

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We are specialized in manufacturing and supplying a qualitative range of Steam Boilers . Our Steam Boilers range includes , Coil Type Steam Boiler ( Non IBR ) and Shell and Tube Steam Boiler in Small Industrial type and IBR , which comes under the preview of IBR .
 boiler manufacturers in hyderabad – Water Tube Boiler . Steam Boilers in Hyderabad , Telangana , India – Manufacturer and Phone Numbers , Addresses of Steam Boilers suppliers , dealers , distributors and manufacturers in Hyderabad , Telangana , India and Steam Boilers companies .
 View Steam Boiler , details & specifications from Preci - Tech India , a leading Exporter of Steam Boilers in Dr. A. S. Rao Nagar , Hyderabad , Telangana . Get contact details , address , map on IndiaMART .
 Business listings of Steam Boilers manufacturers , suppliers and exporters in Hyderabad , Telangana along with their contact details & address . Find here Steam Boilers suppliers , manufacturers , wholesalers , traders with Steam Boilers prices for buying .
 Brand Name : ; SVGM We are counted as one of the most eminent Oil Fired Boiler Manufacturers in India . Customers from every nook and corner of India are placing huge and repeated orders for the Oil Fired Steam Boiler due to easy operation and low cost maintenance .
 Find here details of gas fired steam boiler manufacturers , suppliers , dealers , traders & exporters from India . Buy gas fired steam boiler through verified companies with product rating .


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"This Best Selling Fit & Fresh Stack Pack 1-Cup Container Set, Set of 4 Tends to SELL OUT VERY FAST! If this is a MUST HAVE product, be sure to Order Now at Amazon.com to avoid disappointment!"
The set of stackable lunch containers are perfect for lunches and portion control. Pack healthy sides and snacks for throughout the day. Containers can snap and stack on top of each other for easier packing. Set includes (4) 1 cup containers, (4) lids and (2) non-toxic ice packs. Containers are BPA free, dishwasher safe and microwave safe.
What customers say about Fit & Fresh Stack Pack 1-Cup Container Set, Set of 4?
I bought that to the the 21 days fix diet and this is wonderful and much cheaper!
These are great, purchased for 21 day fix. Larger than the ones sold by beachbody, but for my body size, they hold the perfect amount. Also you can use the beachbody ones to measure and then put into these containers. The containers also have markings for your use for measuring. Easy to clean, the lids snap on and they come with a small attachment to keep the food cold. Work well!
I purchased these so I could carry healthy snacks with me to work. They are perfect my carrot and celery sticks along with nuts and other things I would like to keep portion awareness about. I would like to note that only 2 of the containers come with the ice pack.

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" This Best Selling Fit & Fresh Stack Pack 1 - Cup Container Set , Set of 4 Tends to SELL OUT VERY FAST ! If this is a MUST HAVE product , be sure to Order Now at Amazon.com to avoid disappointment ! "
 The set of stackable lunch containers are perfect for lunches and portion control . Pack healthy sides and snacks for throughout the day . Containers can snap and stack on top of each other for easier packing . Set includes ( 4 ) 1 cup containers , ( 4 ) lids and ( 2 ) non - toxic ice packs . Containers are BPA free , dishwasher safe and microwave safe .
 What customers say about Fit & Fresh Stack Pack 1 - Cup Container Set , Set of 4 ?
 I bought that to the the 21 days fix diet and this is wonderful and much cheaper !
 These are great , purchased for 21 day fix . Larger than the ones sold by beachbody , but for my body size , they hold the perfect amount . Also you can use the beachbody ones to measure and then put into these containers . The containers also have markings for your use for measuring . Easy to clean , the lids snap on and they come with a small attachment to keep the food cold . Work well !
 I purchased these so I could carry healthy snacks with me to work . They are perfect my carrot and celery sticks along with nuts and other things I would like to keep portion awareness about . I would like to note that only 2 of the containers come with the ice pack .


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Did you know that WordPress Plugin MailChimp for WordPress and WordPress Plugin MailChimp List Subscribe Form are the most used Marketing WordPress Plugins of them all. By knowing this you can save alot of time finding the best Marketing plugin.
By analyzing 248,935 WordPress installations we have come up with a list of 26 Marketing WordPress Plugins that you can use to find your Marketing Plugin in no time.
The WordPress Plugin MailChimp for WordPress is used on 1.93% of all WordPress installations and takes place 1 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list.
The WordPress Plugin MailChimp List Subscribe Form is used on 0.97% of all WordPress installations and takes place 2 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list.
Discover WordPress Plugin Popup Maker – Best Rated HERE!
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Did you know that WordPress Plugin MailChimp for WordPress and WordPress Plugin MailChimp List Subscribe Form are the most used Marketing WordPress Plugins of them all . By knowing this you can save alot of time finding the best Marketing plugin .
 By analyzing 248,935 WordPress installations we have come up with a list of 26 Marketing WordPress Plugins that you can use to find your Marketing Plugin in no time .
 The WordPress Plugin MailChimp for WordPress is used on 1.93 % of all WordPress installations and takes place 1 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list .
 The WordPress Plugin MailChimp List Subscribe Form is used on 0.97 % of all WordPress installations and takes place 2 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list .
 Discover WordPress Plugin Popup Maker – Best Rated HERE !
 Checkout the list of 1,799 WordPress websites Using the WordPress Plugin Popup Maker – Best Rated .
 The WordPress Plugin Popup Maker – Best Rated is used on 0.72 % of all WordPress installations and takes place 3 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list .
 Discover WordPress Plugin Hustle – Pop - Ups , Slide - ins and Email Opt - ins HERE !
 Create targeted marketing campaigns , keep customers from leaving your site , and build your mailing list with WordPress PopUp – it ’s an incredibly easy to use and completely free popup plugin for WordPress .
 Checkout the list of 1,260 WordPress websites Using the WordPress Plugin Hustle – Pop - Ups , Slide - ins and Email Opt - ins .
 The WordPress Plugin Hustle – Pop - Ups , Slide - ins and Email Opt - ins is used on 0.51 % of all WordPress installations and takes place 4 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list .
 The WordPress Plugin Sharebar is used on 0.18 % of all WordPress installations and takes place 5 in the Top WordPress Marketing Plugins list .


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Posted 20 June 2018 by Sam Brickley & filed under Articles, Gaming, Internet, Marketing, Money, Technology.
Nowadays, there are so many online casinos to choose from, and so many different games to play. Not only can you enjoy slot games, but there are table games too, including computer-generated versions of poker and roulette, as well as live options. However, before you delve into the world of online casinos, there are a few things you need to know. Read on to discover more.
All online casinos are required to implement measures to help users control their spending, and it is highly advisable to make the most of these features. One example of this is the deposit limit. You can limit the amount of money you are allowed to deposit per day, week, and month. This ensures you do not end up spending anything that you are not comfortable with. If you have reached your limit, you can play free and demo versions of slot games, so you can still have fun without spending any money.
Before you sign up with an online casino, make sure you do your research to find out whether there is a welcome offer available. The vast majority of online casinos offer sign-up offers and loyalty offers for existing customers too. This is a great way to make your money go further. However, you do need to make sure you read the terms and conditions of every offer before accepting it, as some simply aren’t worth taking. You may see an offer that states deposit £100 and get £400 extra to play with. Sounds good, right? But in the terms and conditions, it may state that there is 50x wagering of your deposit and the bonus. This means you need to do £25,000 worth of spins before you can release your funds, which means there is a very real chance you will lose the £100 you deposited, so do keep this in mind. Moreover, the last thing you want to do is breach the terms by accident and lose your winnings. A lot of offers will have a maximum spin amount, say £3, and so if you were to do a £5 spin, you could lose all of your winnings.
Most casinos will offer all of the popular payment methods, including debit and credit cards and PayPal. However, make sure you check out the withdrawal time frames, so you know how long it will take for the money to reach your bank. Not only this, but some online casinos charge a deposit and withdrawal fee, so keep this in mind too.
Hopefully, you now feel more prepared for your first online casino experience. If you follow the advice that has been provided above, you can make sure that you have a fun and safe experience. It is certainly worth setting up deposit limits so you don’t spend too much money, as well as reading the terms and conditions of every bonus offer so you know exactly what to expect.

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Posted 20 June 2018 by Sam Brickley & filed under Articles , Gaming , Internet , Marketing , Money , Technology .
 Nowadays , there are so many online casinos to choose from , and so many different games to play . Not only can you enjoy slot games , but there are table games too , including computer - generated versions of poker and roulette , as well as live options . However , before you delve into the world of online casinos , there are a few things you need to know . Read on to discover more .
 All online casinos are required to implement measures to help users control their spending , and it is highly advisable to make the most of these features . One example of this is the deposit limit . You can limit the amount of money you are allowed to deposit per day , week , and month . This ensures you do not end up spending anything that you are not comfortable with . If you have reached your limit , you can play free and demo versions of slot games , so you can still have fun without spending any money .
 Before you sign up with an online casino , make sure you do your research to find out whether there is a welcome offer available . The vast majority of online casinos offer sign - up offers and loyalty offers for existing customers too . This is a great way to make your money go further . However , you do need to make sure you read the terms and conditions of every offer before accepting it , as some simply are n’t worth taking . You may see an offer that states deposit £ 100 and get £ 400 extra to play with . Sounds good , right ? But in the terms and conditions , it may state that there is 50x wagering of your deposit and the bonus . This means you need to do £ 25,000 worth of spins before you can release your funds , which means there is a very real chance you will lose the £ 100 you deposited , so do keep this in mind . Moreover , the last thing you want to do is breach the terms by accident and lose your winnings . A lot of offers will have a maximum spin amount , say £ 3 , and so if you were to do a £ 5 spin , you could lose all of your winnings .
 Most casinos will offer all of the popular payment methods , including debit and credit cards and PayPal . However , make sure you check out the withdrawal time frames , so you know how long it will take for the money to reach your bank . Not only this , but some online casinos charge a deposit and withdrawal fee , so keep this in mind too .
 Hopefully , you now feel more prepared for your first online casino experience . If you follow the advice that has been provided above , you can make sure that you have a fun and safe experience . It is certainly worth setting up deposit limits so you do n’t spend too much money , as well as reading the terms and conditions of every bonus offer so you know exactly what to expect .


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CFR651 bale processor with chain floor, hydraulic wind guard and feed chopper, 1" 3/8 1000 pto, tractor lug tires, twine cutter, 3 hydraulic hookup (no diverter) • this is a 2017 stock machine with 2017 pricing and demo discounts! call your local Cervus store for price. -- CFR651 bale processor with chain floor, hydraulic wind guard and feed chopper, 1" 3/8 1000 pto, tractor lug tires, twine cutter, 3 hydraulic hookup (no diverter) ; this is a 2017 stock machine with 2017 pricing and demo discounts! call your local Cervus store for price.
Offers on Nice Consigned Round bale processor. Call for details.

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CFR651 bale processor with chain floor , hydraulic wind guard and feed chopper , 1 " 3/8 1000 pto , tractor lug tires , twine cutter , 3 hydraulic hookup ( no diverter ) • this is a 2017 stock machine with 2017 pricing and demo discounts ! call your local Cervus store for price . -- CFR651 bale processor with chain floor , hydraulic wind guard and feed chopper , 1 " 3/8 1000 pto , tractor lug tires , twine cutter , 3 hydraulic hookup ( no diverter ) ; this is a 2017 stock machine with 2017 pricing and demo discounts ! call your local Cervus store for price .
 Offers on Nice Consigned Round bale processor . Call for details .


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#AusELT is privileged and delighted to be able to welcome Scott Thornbury as our first Twitter chat guest of the Year of the Horse. One of Scott’s current research interests is the “ed tech” phenomenon that has dominated ELT in recent years, and exploring what this means in practical terms. He will be joining us on Thurs 6th Feb at 8.30pm Sydney time [click here to check the time elsewhere in the world] to discuss some of the questions he raises below – we’ll see you there for what promises to be a very thought-provoking discussion.
As long ago as 1966, Pit Corder warned that ‘the use of mechanical aids in the classroom is justified only if they can do something which the teacher unaided cannot do, or can do less effectively’ (1966, p. 69). Nevertheless, the craze for newer, better gadgetry has continued unabated, creating what one writer called ‘the caravan effect’: ‘a metaphor in which the travellers (technology enthusiasts) stop for a while to drink from the waterhole (the latest technology) until they have had their fill; then they move on to the next waterhole to drink again’ (Levy 2009, p. 779). Moreover, each innovation arrives garlanded with claims that are seldom if ever realised, such that the history of educational technology in the 20th century has been characterised as a continuous cycle of ‘hype, hope, and disappointment’ (Selwyn 2011, p. 59). Why is this? One reason (adduced by Selwyn) is that the power of technology is often enlisted in order to solve problems that are non-technological in nature, language learning being a prime example. If we accept the ecological view that language is a complex dynamic system, subject to multiple and interconnected influences, social, psychological and environmental, the idea that change can be effected by a quick technological fix is ingenuous, to say the least. The history of the social sciences is littered with the unintended consequences of such interventions. Beware of geeks bearing gifts!
In order to guard against the hype, any recommendation for integrating a learning technology into our current practice should be countered with Neil Postman’s oft-cited riposte: What is the problem for which this technology is the solution? To which might be added a second question, based on Pit Corder’s aforementioned warning: Can the technology do it better/more effectively than the teacher unaided?
1. The input problem, i.e. how does the learner obtain sufficient (comprehensible) input?
2. The output problem, i.e. how is the learner provided with opportunities for (pushed) output?
3. The interaction problem, i.e. how does the learner engage in (scaffolded) interaction?
4. The feedback problem, i.e. how does the learner get optimal feedback at the point of need?
5. The motivation problem, i.e. what motivates the learner to make best use of these input, output, interaction and feedback opportunities?
6. The data problem, i.e. how does the learner readily access useable information about the target language?
It’s my contention that technology (meaning here ‘digital technology’, and especially that which is available online) has made significant advances in terms of helping solve at least some of these problems, such as the input problem and especially the data problem, where it easily outperforms the unaided teacher. But it has some way to go in terms of the output, interaction and feedback problems, while the evidence with regard to motivation is inconclusive.
I would go further, though, and add that one of the unintended consequences of an uncritical commitment to educational technology might be the effective disempowering of teachers in the interests of servicing the neoliberal ‘knowledge economy’. As Lin (2013) warns: ‘Language teaching is increasingly prepackaged and delivered as if it were a standardised, marketable product […] This commodifying ideology of language teaching and learning has gradually penetrated into school practices, turning teachers into ‘service providers.’ The invisible consequence is that language learning and teaching has become a transaction of teachers passing on a marketable set of standardised knowledge items and skills to students.’ This commodification process is, of course, massively expedited by digital technologies.
In the early 19th century a group of English textile artisans aggressively resisted the threat to their jobs and lifestyles posed by the development of new technologies. They were known as Luddites. Ever since, the term has been used to disparage anyone who questions the assumption that technological innovation is always beneficial. But were the Luddites so wrong?
Levy, M. 2009. Technologies in use for second language learning. The Modern Language Journal, Focus Issue: Technology in the Service of Language Learning.
Lin, A. 2013. Toward paradigmatic change in TESOL methodologies: Building plurilingual pedagogies from the ground up. TESOL Quarterly, 47, 3.
Pit Corder, S. 1966. The Visual Element in Language Teaching. London: Longman.
Selwyn, N. 2011, Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates. London: Continuum.
This entry was posted in EdTech, Professional development and tagged #AusELT, #AusELT Twitter chat, ed tech, edtech, EFL, ELT, ESL, Mouse That Roared, Scott Thornbury, teaching with technology on January 15, 2014 by #AusELT.

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# AusELT is privileged and delighted to be able to welcome Scott Thornbury as our first Twitter chat guest of the Year of the Horse . One of Scott ’s current research interests is the “ ed tech ” phenomenon that has dominated ELT in recent years , and exploring what this means in practical terms . He will be joining us on Thurs 6th Feb at 8.30pm Sydney time [ click here to check the time elsewhere in the world ] to discuss some of the questions he raises below – we ’ll see you there for what promises to be a very thought - provoking discussion .
 As long ago as 1966 , Pit Corder warned that ‘ the use of mechanical aids in the classroom is justified only if they can do something which the teacher unaided can not do , or can do less effectively ’ ( 1966 , p. 69 ) . Nevertheless , the craze for newer , better gadgetry has continued unabated , creating what one writer called ‘ the caravan effect ’ : ‘ a metaphor in which the travellers ( technology enthusiasts ) stop for a while to drink from the waterhole ( the latest technology ) until they have had their fill ; then they move on to the next waterhole to drink again ’ ( Levy 2009 , p. 779 ) . Moreover , each innovation arrives garlanded with claims that are seldom if ever realised , such that the history of educational technology in the 20th century has been characterised as a continuous cycle of ‘ hype , hope , and disappointment ’ ( Selwyn 2011 , p. 59 ) . Why is this ? One reason ( adduced by Selwyn ) is that the power of technology is often enlisted in order to solve problems that are non - technological in nature , language learning being a prime example . If we accept the ecological view that language is a complex dynamic system , subject to multiple and interconnected influences , social , psychological and environmental , the idea that change can be effected by a quick technological fix is ingenuous , to say the least . The history of the social sciences is littered with the unintended consequences of such interventions . Beware of geeks bearing gifts !
 In order to guard against the hype , any recommendation for integrating a learning technology into our current practice should be countered with Neil Postman ’s oft - cited riposte : What is the problem for which this technology is the solution ? To which might be added a second question , based on Pit Corder ’s aforementioned warning : Can the technology do it better / more effectively than the teacher unaided ?
 1 . The input problem , i.e. how does the learner obtain sufficient ( comprehensible ) input ?
 2 . The output problem , i.e. how is the learner provided with opportunities for ( pushed ) output ?
 3 . The interaction problem , i.e. how does the learner engage in ( scaffolded ) interaction ?
 4 . The feedback problem , i.e. how does the learner get optimal feedback at the point of need ?
 5 . The motivation problem , i.e. what motivates the learner to make best use of these input , output , interaction and feedback opportunities ?
 6 . The data problem , i.e. how does the learner readily access useable information about the target language ?
 It ’s my contention that technology ( meaning here ‘ digital technology ’ , and especially that which is available online ) has made significant advances in terms of helping solve at least some of these problems , such as the input problem and especially the data problem , where it easily outperforms the unaided teacher . But it has some way to go in terms of the output , interaction and feedback problems , while the evidence with regard to motivation is inconclusive .
 I would go further , though , and add that one of the unintended consequences of an uncritical commitment to educational technology might be the effective disempowering of teachers in the interests of servicing the neoliberal ‘ knowledge economy ’ . As Lin ( 2013 ) warns : ‘ Language teaching is increasingly prepackaged and delivered as if it were a standardised , marketable product [ … ] This commodifying ideology of language teaching and learning has gradually penetrated into school practices , turning teachers into ‘ service providers . ’ The invisible consequence is that language learning and teaching has become a transaction of teachers passing on a marketable set of standardised knowledge items and skills to students . ’ This commodification process is , of course , massively expedited by digital technologies .
 In the early 19th century a group of English textile artisans aggressively resisted the threat to their jobs and lifestyles posed by the development of new technologies . They were known as Luddites . Ever since , the term has been used to disparage anyone who questions the assumption that technological innovation is always beneficial . But were the Luddites so wrong ?
 Levy , M. 2009 . Technologies in use for second language learning . The Modern Language Journal , Focus Issue : Technology in the Service of Language Learning .
 Lin , A. 2013 . Toward paradigmatic change in TESOL methodologies : Building plurilingual pedagogies from the ground up . TESOL Quarterly , 47 , 3 .
 Pit Corder , S. 1966 . The Visual Element in Language Teaching . London : Longman .
 Selwyn , N. 2011 , Education and Technology : Key Issues and Debates . London : Continuum .
 This entry was posted in EdTech , Professional development and tagged # AusELT , # AusELT Twitter chat , ed tech , edtech , EFL , ELT , ESL , Mouse That Roared , Scott Thornbury , teaching with technology on January 15 , 2014 by # AusELT .


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Yosemite Server Backup offers enhanced security, with automatic scheduling and software data encryption.
Free download of Yosemite Server Backup Basic software, providing automated scheduling and data encryption, keeping data both safe and backed up.
Cartridge style hard drive has a 97% survival rate compared to 0% for ordinary USB drives in a independent drop test.
No need to worry about backups being larger than disk space, with disk spanning just add cartridges during the backup process, dynamically increasing the backup.
Inner buffers built into the system lower disk drive vibration, increasing read/write disk performance.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise qualified and tested , making it easy to integrate into your server storage and networking environments.
The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System is based on removable disk technology that handles and operates like a traditional tape drive and media, yet has all of the advantages of disk-to-disk backup. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System allows backups to be accomplished with standard ISV backup applications, fixed disk mode, or data can be dragged and dropped directly to the rugged removable storage media. To the host computer, the HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridge appears as a Windows drive letter with the high performance benefits of a disk based backup system.
Many small business customers have limited time, knowledge, experience or desire to dedicate to backup and therefore currently have no or very rudimentary backup processes in place. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System offers these customers a complete backup solution that is simple to implement and easy to use.
Installation is an easy and quick process of connecting the industry standard form factor HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System USB docking station or externally as a tabletop.
Backing up is a simple matter of inserting a removable disk cartridge into the docking station. The cartridge will automatically show up as a letter drive in Windows explorer with no extra formatting or extra steps required. Simply select the files that need to be protected and drag them into the removable drive folder. To restore files, just reverse the process.
Included with the HPE RDX drive is the option to download Yosemite Server Backup Basic software, providing an encrypted backup and recovery application to protect a single server. HPE RDX USB 3.0 Removable Disk Backup Systems can also operate in a “Fixed Disk” mode. This allows Windows Operating Systems to view HPE RDX/RDX+ USB 3.0 drives as a valid disk target, allowing the drives to be used with integrated Windows Backup Applications (rather than requiring third party software). Details of operation can be found in the HPE RDX Utility software.
Staff productivity and thus customer service can be negatively impacted by the lengthening backup window and restore/recovery times associated with optical backup solutions. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that backs up and retrieves data quickly and reliably thus optimizing application availability and staff productivity.
Data can be backed up to HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges at hard drive speeds (up to 360 GB/hour). HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are randomly accessed and read so critical single files and selected file stores can be restored in seconds instead of hours.
Many small business customers have limited IT budget available for data protection with business owners wanting to reduce IT capital and operational expenditure and protect IT investments to optimize business profitability. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a complete backup solution that has low initial acquisition costs and low on-going media and upgrade costs.
Total cost of ownership is lowered by the fact that HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are specified for 5,000 insertion/removal cycles, so HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges will not wear out (and therefore need to be replaced) over the typical life cycle of the solution. Upgrade and obsolescence costs are also reduced and investment protection guaranteed by the fact that HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System docking stations are compatible with all current and future higher capacity HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges. Customers will not need to purchase a new docking station when next generation higher capacity HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are released. Similarly, today's HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are compatible with all current and future HPE RDX and HPE RDX docking stations. Customer's existing HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges will work with next generation HPE RDX docking stations when they are released.
To ensure complete data protection against all types of data loss - including on-site system/site destruction or natural disaster -small businesses need the ability to remove their backup and archive data off-site. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that enables on-site backup data to be removed, stored and rotated off-site in an easy, safe and secure way.
HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are portable (palm size), durable (2.5 inch disk drive features include ramp loading heads, fluid dynamic bearings, inactive state spin down) and rugged. The robust HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridge is also designed to protect data from potentially damaging Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and as well as prolonged exposure to heat, dust and other environmental contaminants.
The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a docking station specified for more than 10,000 loads and unloads and an HPE RDX cartridge specified for over 5,000 load and unloads and long life expectancy.
Many growing small businesses are experiencing storage capacity growth that is outstripping the capacity/performance of current optical backup solutions. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that scales easily as capacity needs grow. Adding capacity is a simple matter of adding cartridges to an existing HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System USB docking station. The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System docking Station will work with all current as well future higher capacity cartridges as they are introduced. The product's roadmap leverages the industry standard mobile 2.5" hard disk drive roadmaps with new higher capacity cartridges expected to be introduced regularly.
NOTE: Please visit: http://www.hpe.com/storage/spock for the latest compatibility information.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise provides a 3-year, next-day, parts exchange, limited warranty for the HPE RDX /HPE RDX + Removable Disk Backup System, plus 9x5 phone support for the duration of the warranty.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise warrants only that the Storage software media will be free of physical defects for a period of ninety (90) days from delivery.

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HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System is a disk - based back up and recovery solution with critical security layers , unmatched portability , fast recovery and easy integration into any small business environment . Its also rugged , removable , easy - to - use , and cost effective for remote or branch office locations , small offices or home offices with little or no IT resources . HPE RDX works exceptionally well in harsh work environments where businesses need to protect , manage , transport or capture large amounts of data in less than ideal locations .
 HPE RDX 3 TB cartridge and backup systems offer the highest available RDX capacity on the market today , increasing back up and recovery 50 % over the previous available 2 TB capacity .
 Yosemite Server Backup offers enhanced security , with automatic scheduling and software data encryption .
 Free download of Yosemite Server Backup Basic software , providing automated scheduling and data encryption , keeping data both safe and backed up .
 Cartridge style hard drive has a 97 % survival rate compared to 0 % for ordinary USB drives in a independent drop test .
 No need to worry about backups being larger than disk space , with disk spanning just add cartridges during the backup process , dynamically increasing the backup .
 Inner buffers built into the system lower disk drive vibration , increasing read / write disk performance .
 Hewlett Packard Enterprise qualified and tested , making it easy to integrate into your server storage and networking environments .
 The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System is based on removable disk technology that handles and operates like a traditional tape drive and media , yet has all of the advantages of disk - to - disk backup . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System allows backups to be accomplished with standard ISV backup applications , fixed disk mode , or data can be dragged and dropped directly to the rugged removable storage media . To the host computer , the HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridge appears as a Windows drive letter with the high performance benefits of a disk based backup system .
 Many small business customers have limited time , knowledge , experience or desire to dedicate to backup and therefore currently have no or very rudimentary backup processes in place . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System offers these customers a complete backup solution that is simple to implement and easy to use .
 Installation is an easy and quick process of connecting the industry standard form factor HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System USB docking station or externally as a tabletop .
 Backing up is a simple matter of inserting a removable disk cartridge into the docking station . The cartridge will automatically show up as a letter drive in Windows explorer with no extra formatting or extra steps required . Simply select the files that need to be protected and drag them into the removable drive folder . To restore files , just reverse the process .
 Included with the HPE RDX drive is the option to download Yosemite Server Backup Basic software , providing an encrypted backup and recovery application to protect a single server . HPE RDX USB 3.0 Removable Disk Backup Systems can also operate in a “ Fixed Disk ” mode . This allows Windows Operating Systems to view HPE RDX / RDX+ USB 3.0 drives as a valid disk target , allowing the drives to be used with integrated Windows Backup Applications ( rather than requiring third party software ) . Details of operation can be found in the HPE RDX Utility software .
 Staff productivity and thus customer service can be negatively impacted by the lengthening backup window and restore / recovery times associated with optical backup solutions . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that backs up and retrieves data quickly and reliably thus optimizing application availability and staff productivity .
 Data can be backed up to HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges at hard drive speeds ( up to 360 GB / hour ) . HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are randomly accessed and read so critical single files and selected file stores can be restored in seconds instead of hours .
 Many small business customers have limited IT budget available for data protection with business owners wanting to reduce IT capital and operational expenditure and protect IT investments to optimize business profitability . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a complete backup solution that has low initial acquisition costs and low on - going media and upgrade costs .
 Total cost of ownership is lowered by the fact that HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are specified for 5,000 insertion / removal cycles , so HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges will not wear out ( and therefore need to be replaced ) over the typical life cycle of the solution . Upgrade and obsolescence costs are also reduced and investment protection guaranteed by the fact that HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System docking stations are compatible with all current and future higher capacity HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges . Customers will not need to purchase a new docking station when next generation higher capacity HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are released . Similarly , today 's HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are compatible with all current and future HPE RDX and HPE RDX docking stations . Customer 's existing HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges will work with next generation HPE RDX docking stations when they are released .
 To ensure complete data protection against all types of data loss - including on - site system / site destruction or natural disaster -small businesses need the ability to remove their backup and archive data off - site . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that enables on - site backup data to be removed , stored and rotated off - site in an easy , safe and secure way .
 HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridges are portable ( palm size ) , durable ( 2.5 inch disk drive features include ramp loading heads , fluid dynamic bearings , inactive state spin down ) and rugged . The robust HPE RDX Removable Disk Cartridge is also designed to protect data from potentially damaging Electrostatic Discharge ( ESD ) and as well as prolonged exposure to heat , dust and other environmental contaminants .
 The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a docking station specified for more than 10,000 loads and unloads and an HPE RDX cartridge specified for over 5,000 load and unloads and long life expectancy .
 Many growing small businesses are experiencing storage capacity growth that is outstripping the capacity / performance of current optical backup solutions . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System provides a backup solution that scales easily as capacity needs grow . Adding capacity is a simple matter of adding cartridges to an existing HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System USB docking station . The HPE RDX Removable Disk Backup System docking Station will work with all current as well future higher capacity cartridges as they are introduced . The product 's roadmap leverages the industry standard mobile 2.5 " hard disk drive roadmaps with new higher capacity cartridges expected to be introduced regularly .
 NOTE : Please visit : http://www.hpe.com/storage/spock for the latest compatibility information .
 Hewlett Packard Enterprise provides a 3 - year , next - day , parts exchange , limited warranty for the HPE RDX /HPE RDX + Removable Disk Backup System , plus 9x5 phone support for the duration of the warranty .
 Hewlett Packard Enterprise warrants only that the Storage software media will be free of physical defects for a period of ninety ( 90 ) days from delivery .


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We've organized our medical services in a handy A-Z listing to help you connect with the services you need. If you have questions about services provided by North Mississippi Health Services and can't find answers to your questions, visit the Contact Us section of our website.
We also invite you to call 1-800-THE DESK, our free community and provider information service. The call center specialists can assist you in the process of obtaining timely appointments with area health care providers and give information regarding various programs, seminars and other services, offered by NMHS, including North Mississippi Medical Center and North Mississippi Medical Clinics locations.

tokenized:
We 've organized our medical services in a handy A - Z listing to help you connect with the services you need . If you have questions about services provided by North Mississippi Health Services and ca n't find answers to your questions , visit the Contact Us section of our website .
 We also invite you to call 1 - 800 - THE DESK , our free community and provider information service . The call center specialists can assist you in the process of obtaining timely appointments with area health care providers and give information regarding various programs , seminars and other services , offered by NMHS , including North Mississippi Medical Center and North Mississippi Medical Clinics locations .